cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel superjunction collector design for improving breakdown voltage in high-speed SiGe HBTs

We present a novel collector design for silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs). The design improves the well-known speed / breakdown voltage trade-off in SiGe HBTs for radio-frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave applications. Applying multiple alternating p and n-type layers (a superjunction) deep in the collector-base (CB) space charge region (SCR) alters the electric field and electron temperature in the CB junction. Consequently impact ionization is suppressed while the width of CB SCR is not increased, and therefore, the breakdown voltages (BV CEO and BV CBO ) are increased with no degradation in the device speed and RF or mm-wave performance. For a fixed ac performance, the BV CEO is improved by 0.33 V, producing a SiGe HBT with f T = 101 GHz, f max = 351 GHz, and BV CEO = 3.0 V in DESSIS TCAD simulations. The proposed structure is also contrasted with other approaches in the literature.
DEVELOPING REFLECTIVE WRITING as Effective Pedagogy

Abstract While reflective writing about practice experiences is frequently used in nursing curricula to foster critical thinking, faculty members may be unaware of how to help students reflect, what kinds of feedback are helpful, and how to deal with students' concerns. This article describes faculty best practices in mentoring the student to effectively think critically through structured reflective writing. Models of structured reflection, Baker's four-step model and John's revision of Carper's patterns of knowing, are discussed as effective guides at graduate and undergraduate levels. The article addresses potentially problematic issues with the implementation and evaluation of reflective writing assignments in clinical courses. With foresight and planning, reflective writing may be an empowering strategy for facilitating students' thinking skills.
All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communications

In this letter, we present a source of quantum-correlated photon pairs based on parametric fluorescence in a fiber Sagnac loop. The photon pairs are generated in the 1550-nm fiber-optic communication band and detected with InGaAs-InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a gated Geiger mode. A generation rate > 10/sup 3/ pairs/s is observed, which is limited by the detection electronics at present. We also demonstrate the nonclassical nature of the photon correlations in the pairs. This source, given its spectral properties and robustness, is well suited for use in fiber-optic quantum communication and cryptography networks.
Plasticity of Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance

Synapses are highly plastic and are modified by changes in patterns of neural activity or sensory experience. Plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses is thought to be important for learning and memory, leading to alterations in sensory representations and cognitive maps. However, these changes must be coordinated across other synapses within local circuits to preserve neural coding schemes and the organization of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, i.e., excitatory-inhibitory balance. Recent studies indicate that inhibitory synapses are also plastic and are controlled directly by a large number of neuromodulators, particularly during episodes of learning. Many modulators transiently alter excitatory-inhibitory balance by decreasing inhibition, and thus disinhibition has emerged as a major mechanism by which neuromodulation might enable long-term synaptic modifications naturally. This review examines the relationships between neuromodulation and synaptic plasticity, focusing on the induction of long-term changes that collectively enhance cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance for improving perception and behavior.
Reduced neuronal sensitivity to dieldrin and picrotoxinin in a cyclodiene‐resistant strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Toxicological and neurophysiological studies were performed to characterize the resistance mechanism in a cyclodiene-resistant strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Maryland strain). Dieldrin had an LC50 of 0.058 ppm against the larvae of susceptible D. melanogaster (Oregon-R wild type) when formulated in the rearing media. The LC50 of the resistant Maryland strain was 10.8 ppm, giving a resistance ratio (LC50-Maryland/LC50-susceptible) of 186-fold. Suction electrode recordings were made from peripheral nerves of the larval central nervous system to test whether reduced nerve sensitivity played any role in the observed resistance. In susceptible preparations (n = 5), inhibition of nerve firing by 1 mM gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was effectively antagonized within 3-10 min by 10 microM dieldrin. In contrast, 30 min incubations with 10 microM dieldrin had no effect on preparations from cyclodiene-resistant individuals (n = 5). Similarly, 10 microM picrotoxinin blocked GABA-dependent inhibition in susceptible nerve preparations (n = 3). In recordings from resistant insects (n = 4), picrotoxinin displayed either weak antagonism of GABA or hyperexcitation indistinguishable from susceptible preparations. These results demonstrate that cyclodiene resistance in the Maryland strain of D. melanogaster 1) is expressed in immature stages, 2) is present at the level of the nerve, and 3) extends to picrotoxinin, albeit at a reduced level compared with dieldrin. The possible role of an altered GABA receptor in this resistance is discussed.
Comparison of Outcome of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation in Patients With Severe Versus Moderately Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary to Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility and clinical outcome of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) among patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 70 years old. Although the overall survival of patients in group 1 was slightly lower compared with those in group 2, in a multivariate analysis, the EF was not an independent predictor of poor survival. The ICD can be implanted with acceptable operative morbidity and mortality in selected patients with LVEF of <20%.
Survey non-response in an internet-mediated, longitudinal autism research study

Objective To evaluate non-response rates to follow-up online surveys using a prospective cohort of parents raising at least one child with an autism spectrum disorder. A secondary objective was to investigate predictors of non-response over time. Materials and Methods Data were collected from a US-based online research database, the Interactive Autism Network (IAN). A total of 19 497 youths, aged 1.9–19 years (mean 9 years, SD 3.94), were included in the present study. Response to three follow-up surveys, solicited from parents after baseline enrollment, served as the outcome measures. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were then used to examine predictors of non-response. Results 31 216 survey instances were examined, of which 8772 or 28.1% were partly or completely responded to. Results from the multivariate model found non-response of baseline surveys (OR 28.0), years since enrollment in the online protocol (OR 2.06), and numerous sociodemographic characteristics were associated with non-response to follow-up surveys (all p<0.05). Discussion Consistent with the current literature, response rates to online surveys were somewhat low. While many demographic characteristics were associated with non-response, time since registration and participation at baseline played the greatest role in predicting follow-up survey non-response. Conclusion An important hazard to the generalizability of findings from research is non-response bias; however, little is known about this problem in longitudinal internet-mediated research (IMR). This study sheds new light on important predictors of longitudinal response rates that should be considered before launching a prospective IMR study.
The Iron Project: Photoionization and Photoexcitation of Fe XVII in Solar Opacity

Opacity is a fundamental quantity for plasmas and gives a measure of radiation transport. It is caused by the absorption and emission of photons by the constituent elements of the plasma and hence depends mainly on the atomic processes of photoexcitation and photoionization. It is also affected by photon scatterings. Monochromatic opacity at a particular frequency, κ(ν), is obtained from oscillator strengths (f) for bound-bound transitions and photoionization cross sections (σ PI). However, the total monochromatic opacity depends on the summed contributions of all possible transitions from all ionization stages of all elements in the plasma. Calculation of accurate atomic parameters for such a large number of transitions has been the main problem for obtaining accurate opacities. The overall mean opacity, such as Rosseland mean opacity (κ R ), depends also on the physical conditions, such as temperature and density, elemental abundances and equation-of-state such as local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) of the plasmas.
Automatic dataflow application tuning for heterogeneous systems

Due to the increasing prevalence of multicore microprocessors and accelerator technologies in modern supercomputer design, new techniques for designing scientific applications are needed, in order to efficiently leverage all of the power inherent in these systems. The dataflow programming paradigm is well-suited to application design for distributed and heterogeneous systems than other techniques. Traditionally in dataflow middleware, application data domains are statically partitioned and distributed among the processors using a demand-driven algorithm. Unfortunately, this task scheduling technique can cause severe load imbalances in heterogeneous environments. Furthermore, in the presence of different types of processors, the optimum datasize can be different for each processor type. To solve the load imbalance problem and to leverage the optimum datasize dynamicity in a dataflow framework, we present an algorithm which automatically partitions the application workspace. By putting this partitioning into the purview of the dataflow runtime system, we can adaptively change the size of databuffers and correctly balance the load. Experiments with four applications show that our technique allows developers to skip the tedious and error-prone step of manually tuning the data granularity. Our technique is always competitive with the best-known data partitioning for these experiments, and can beat it under certain constraints.
Evidence for Increased Levels of Positive and Negative Selection on the X Chromosome versus Autosomes in Humans

Partially recessive variants under positive selection are expected to go to fixation more quickly on the X chromosome as a result of hemizygosity, an effect known as faster-X. Conversely, purifying selection is expected to reduce substitution rates more effectively on the X chromosome. Previous work in humans contrasted divergence on the autosomes and X chromosome, with results tending to support the faster-X effect. However, no study has yet incorporated both divergence and polymorphism to quantify the effects of both purifying and positive selection, which are opposing forces with respect to divergence. In this study, we develop a framework that integrates previously developed theory addressing differential rates of X and autosomal evolution with methods that jointly estimate the level of purifying and positive selection via modeling of the distribution of fitness effects (DFE). We then utilize this framework to estimate the proportion of nonsynonymous substitutions fixed by positive selection (α) using exome sequence data from a West African population. We find that varying the female to male breeding ratio (β) has minimal impact on the DFE for the X chromosome, especially when compared with the effect of varying the dominance coefficient of deleterious alleles (h). Estimates of α range from 46% to 51% and from 4% to 24% for the X chromosome and autosomes, respectively. While dependent on h, the magnitude of the difference between α values estimated for these two systems is highly statistically significant over a range of biologically realistic parameter values, suggesting faster-X has been operating in humans.
Essential Tensions Surrounding the Concept of Giftedness

The concept of giftedness has a unique history and its meanings need to be deciphered in a proper cultural context. In this chapter, I first discuss “giftedness” as used in natural language as well as scientific discourse. I then provide an overview of the intellectual history of the concept in terms of construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of “giftedness,” a change from what can be called essentialism to developmentalism. I argue that there are some essential tensions surrounding the concept of giftedness; they involve competing arguments and perspectives on the genesis and development of gifted behaviors and superior achievements. I then elaborate on these tensions and discuss possible ways of resolving and easing these tensions. I end the chapter by suggesting a dialogue between people of differing convictions that would allow us to delve deeper into the intricacies of the issues involved, and reach some degree of consensus as to the conceptual and empirical challenges we are facing.
Saving money when safeguarding species and habitats: Conventional vs. advance land acquisition for transportation mitigation

Advance mitigation has attracted attention for its potential to improve ecological outcomes of and to reduce transportation agency expenditures for compensatory environmental mitigation. When developing or improving infrastructure in ways that impact habitats and species, transportation agencies are required to avoid, minimize, and mitigate natural resource impacts through compensatory mitigation. Whereas agencies traditionally plan and implement compensatory mitigation project-by-project, late in project development, advance mitigation addresses the impacts of one or many transportation projects before or during project planning. This new practice may reduce infrastructure development costs, yet evidence of its associated cost savings has been piecemeal and often anecdotal. We explore the early acquisition of land for compensatory mitigation as one advance mitigation strategy that may reduce costs. With case-based analysis of California's Beach Lake Mitigation Bank, we provide post hoc empirical estimates of savings realized from advance purchase. Additionally, hypothetical scenarios illustrate how the timing of mitigation land purchases can impact cost. Overall, we provide new evidence that advance mitigation, specifically early acquisition of land for compensatory mitigation, could promise agency cost savings, particularly when land is purchased during a market trough instead of at market peak. Still, inevitable project planning and land market uncertainties necessitate cautious optimism.
Geographic Variation in the Costs and Outcomes of Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer

45 years of age. Relevant demographic, tumor, and survival variables were extracted for analysis. Hospitals were divided into community cancer programs (100-500 annual cancer cases) and comprehensive community or academic/research programs ( 500 annual cancer cases). Cox regression was used to identify predictors of survival. Results: We identified 54,565 OCSCC patients, 7.6% of whom are younger than 45 years of age (nZ3828). Of these patients, 80%were between 35 and 44 years of age. More males were affected (65.7%) than females. Caucasians represented 86.3% of cases, followed by African Americans (9.5%) and patients of “other” races (4.2%). Private insurance (65.6%) was most common, with Medicaid (17.6%), uninsured (11.7%), and Medicare (5.1%) comprising the rest. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 76% and 66%, respectively. The oral tongue subsite was most common (55.4%), followed by floor of mouth (FOM; 28.5%), gingiva/retromolar trigone (15.4%), and buccal mucosa (0.7%). An increasing incidence of oral tongue cancers was seen, while FOM cancers showed a decreasing trend over the study period. A minority of cases was treated at low-volume community cancer centers, which saw more stage I-II disease. Uninsured and Medicaid patients had more advanced stage III-IV disease (P<.001), while those with private insurance had more early-stage disease. Further analysis including treatment, insurance, demographics, and survival was performed. cStage I-II patients without private insurance were more likely to receive some form of chemotherapy. Ethnicity, insurance status, income, age group, pathologic stage, and positive surgical margins are significant prognosticators on univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, high pathologic stage, nonprivate insurance, treatment at a low-volume community center, and positive margins remained predictors of worse survival. Conclusion: In young patients with oral cavity cancers, differences in treatment, presentation, and survival were seen in those with health disparities. In addition to staging and surgical margins, treatment at low-volume community cancer centers and nonprivate insurance status predicted worse survival. Author Disclosure: K. Zhan: None. E.A. Nicolli: None. T. Day: None.
REAL WORLD PERFORMANCE OF AN OUTPATIENT STRESS TESTING STRATEGY FOR LOW RISK CHEST PAIN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

The optimal testing strategy for low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain remains unclear. One option is to discharge patients with a plan for outpatient stress testing within 72 hours. The real-world performance of this strategy has not been well studied. Low-risk
Elucidation of the Roles of Re in Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Glycerol over Pt–Re/C Catalysts

We report the investigation of surface properties of Pt/C and Pt–Re/C catalysts using in situ spectroscopic tools and a fundamental understanding of their catalytic performances in glycerol aqueous-phase reforming (APR). We found that adding Re to Pt/C improves its activity significantly, which is consistent with our previous observation in glycerol steam reforming. However, the difference in reaction selectivity is much more pronounced in APR. Compared to Pt/C, Pt–Re/C yielded significantly more liquid products, while the selectivity to H2 and CO2 decreased by more than 40%. In operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) with in situ capability as well as Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the catalyst surface properties and the roles of Re. In operando X-ray absorption fine structure shows significant oxidation of Re, and ATR-IR of adsorbed pyridine revealed the formation of acid sites on PtRe after hot liquid water treatment. Additionally, ATR-...
Development and research of the rute optimization algorithm in the suoermarket deliver goods system on component GIS

With the development of the customer relation and the management of the corporation, the customers′ requirement of service becomes more and more individualised, the pattern of supermarket network distribution deliver goods system is certificated by people because of its adaption. This article presents the research in finding the optimization algorithm of the supermarket distribution network deliver goods system managing the geocode and shortcut technique combing the geography topological structure of the GIS network pattern by use of the component Mapx.
Furnace Temperature Setpoints Optimization Model for Walking Beam Furnace and Its Software Development

According to the condition of the walking beam furnace, a furnace temperature setpoint optimiza-tion model based on the experiential rule is established and the idea of receiving the knowledge via on -line self-learning is given. With the model as a kernel, software for optimal running of the computer control systems of the furnace is developed.
Alien Mindscapes—A Perspective on the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Abstract Advances in planetary and space sciences, astrobiology, and life and cognitive sciences, combined with developments in communication theory, bioneural computing, machine learning, and big data analysis, create new opportunities to explore the probabilistic nature of alien life. Brought together in a multidisciplinary approach, they have the potential to support an integrated and expanded Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI1), a search that includes looking for life as we do not know it. This approach will augment the odds of detecting a signal by broadening our understanding of the evolutionary and systemic components in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI), provide more targets for radio and optical SETI, and identify new ways of decoding and coding messages using universal markers. Key Words: SETI—Astrobiology—Coevolution of Earth and life—Planetary habitability and biosignatures. Astrobiology 16, 661–676.
Spin–orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice clock

Engineered spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in cold-atom systems can enable the study of new synthetic materials and complex condensed matter phenomena. However, spontaneous emission in alkali-atom spin-orbit-coupled systems is hindered by heating, limiting the observation of many-body effects and motivating research into potential alternatives. Here we demonstrate that spin-orbit-coupled fermions can be engineered to occur naturally in a one-dimensional optical lattice clock. In contrast to previous SOC experiments, here the SOC is both generated and probed using a direct ultra-narrow optical clock transition between two electronic orbital states in 87Sr atoms. We use clock spectroscopy to prepare lattice band populations, internal electronic states and quasi-momenta, and to produce spin-orbit-coupled dynamics. The exceptionally long lifetime of the excited clock state (160 seconds) eliminates decoherence and atom loss from spontaneous emission at all relevant experimental timescales, allowing subsequent momentum- and spin-resolved in situ probing of the SOC band structure and eigenstates. We use these capabilities to study Bloch oscillations, spin-momentum locking and Van Hove singularities in the transition density of states. Our results lay the groundwork for using fermionic optical lattice clocks to probe new phases of matter.
From micro-correlations to macro-correlations

Abstract Random vectors with a symmetric correlation structure share a common value of pair-wise correlation between their different components. The symmetric correlation structure appears in a multitude of settings, e.g. mixture models. In a mixture model the components of the random vector are drawn independently from a general probability distribution that is determined by an underlying parameter, and the parameter itself is randomized. In this paper we study the overall correlation of high-dimensional random vectors with a symmetric correlation structure. Considering such a random vector, and terming its pair-wise correlation “micro-correlation”, we use an asymptotic analysis to derive the random vector’s “macro-correlation” : a score that takes values in the unit interval, and that quantifies the random vector’s overall correlation. The method of obtaining macro-correlations from micro-correlations is then applied to a diverse collection of frameworks that demonstrate the method’s wide applicability.
Antitrust Enforcement During the Great Depression

We offer an empirical study of antitrust enforcement by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) during the New Deal. The goal of this research is to address arguments that antitrust policies during the Great Depression were harmfully lax or even “suspended”. These arguments stem from the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), lasting from 1933 to 1935, that allowed industries to collude in specific ways under specific rules. Therefore, on the surface, the NIRA indicates antitrust policies were nonexistent during this period. Other non-legislative antitrust actions by regulators and the courts also affected antitrust policy. However, changes in antitrust policy do not imply no enforcement of competition law during this period. We seek to resolve this growing assumption in the literature by creating a detailed dataset, and then carefully examining federal antitrust cases from 1925-1939. Resolving this growing assumption of nonexistent antitrust enforcement is important because some base conclusions on the extent of the Great Depression and output on an assumption of suspended antitrust policy. Such policy implications during this period have been paralleled to potential policy changes in today's economic environment. Our analysis provides a detailed look at the industries and alleged violations investigated and prosecuted by the DOJ and FTC, as well as other non-legislative antitrust policies in place, the size of the regulatory agencies, the resulting remedies, and length of cases. We examine the years 1925-1939 due to vacillating antitrust enforcement perspectives of the government between these years, as well as to compare to periods outside of the NIRA. Complementing our case data with specifics of the NIRA Codes of Fair Competition (rules of collusion for each industry), as well as data on other non- legislative antitrust policy, we determine factors that explain antitrust enforcement, thereby providing a clearer picture of exactly how antitrust enforcement responded to changes in antitrust policy during this fragile period. As of the date of this draft, data is still being entered and we have not examined any data in detail.
Exploring the Length and Complexity of Couples Travel Decision Making

A quasi-experiment is used to examine the dynamics of the shared decision-making process by observing couples in real time as they make decisions about an overnight stay at a luxury resort. Observa...
A Case of Unusual Drug Screening Results

A 27-year-old man was found unconscious in his car by police. He was taken to an outside hospital where results of his serum alcohol and initial urine drug screen were reportedly negative. On arrival to our hospital, the patient was awake, partially oriented, and able to follow simple commands. He reported feeling sedated and “loopy,” was unable to remember any events before hospitalization, and was an overall poor historian. He denied illicit drug use, suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, or any physical complaints. He did express delusions including that he “was an alien with green blood.” Past medical history was significant for schizophrenia with continued auditory hallucinations secondary to noncompliance with risperidone therapy. A review of the medical record revealed a prescription for tramadol. Vital signs were normal save for borderline tachycardia and the physical exam was noncontributory. The patient's complete metabolic panel was significant for mild hypokalemia (potassium 3.1 mmol/L, reference interval 3.5–5.2 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (phosphorous 0.7 mg/dL, reference interval 2.3–4.3 mg/dL), slightly increased aspartate aminotransferase (60 U/L, reference interval 10–37 U/L), and indirect bilirubinemia (3.7 mg/dL, reference interval 0.3–1.2 mg/dL). The initial troponin I concentration was 0.16 ng/mL (reference <0.06 ng/mL) that peaked at 0.21 ng/mL (≥0.20 ng/mL suggestive of myocardial damage) approximately 5 hours later. His creatine kinase (CK)3 was 1017 U/L (reference interval 40–230 U/L). Serial electrocardiograms were performed and showed evidence of left axis deviation but were otherwise unremarkable. The patient was admitted for observation and treated with intravenous fluids. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and did not show any evidence of wall motion abnormality. On the second day of hospitalization, he was deemed medically stable with a plan to resume risperidone therapy as an outpatient. His CK had trended downward to 403 U/L by the time of discharge. ### QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Very few drugs of abuse have …
Micro-scale sensors and filters utilizing non-linear dynamic response of single and coupled oscillators

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) provides a unique platform in which to study and utilize unique nonlinear effects. In this paper, we show two examples of nonlinear behavior utilized to improve device characteristics. The first example is a MEMS-based mass sensor, capable of resolving minute changes in mass for chemical detection. The second example is a system of electrostatically coupled MEMS resonators functioning as a band-pass filter. Both examples show how nonlinearities and unique dynamics can improve device functionality. In addition, by understanding the nonlinear behavior, it can also be avoided when a linear response is desired.
Physical 1/f noise and phase noise in piezoelectrics, MEMS resonators and sensors

The physical quantum theory of 1/f noise describes the infrared-divergent conventional Q 1/f fluctuations of quantum mechanical cross sections and process rates by simple, universal, formulas. We give the resulting formulas for this 1/f noise and phase noise in piezoelectrics, MEMS resonators and sensors, STMs, their piezo-control loop, and currents in ferroelectrics.
Perceived barriers and preferred components for physical activity interventions in African-American survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with type 2 diabetes: the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework.

African-American (AA) female cancer survivors share a disproportionate burden of diabetes compared to their white counterparts. Our objectives were to explore the perspectives of AA survivors with type 2 diabetes on perceived barriers to physical activity (PA) and preferences for a PA intervention and develop a framework for a PA program after cancer treatment. Trained interviewers conducted semi-structured interviews with AA survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with diabetes (total n = 20; 16 breast, 4 endometrial). Thirteen open-ended questions were posed to stimulate discussions, which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two investigators independently reviewed transcriptions and extracted coded quotations to identify major themes. Median age of participants was 63 years. Nine themes were identified that focused on post-treatment physical symptoms (e.g., lymphedema, bone/joint pain, depression symptoms and self-motivation as barriers to PA, exercise routines tailored to physical limitations and peer partners and program leaders who understand their emotional health needs). The S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework summarizes the survivors’ preferences for an effective lifestyle intervention: Support efforts to maintain PA, Understand physical and depression symptoms, Collaborate with multi-disciplinary provider, Coordinate in-person intervention activities, Encourage partnerships among survivors for comorbidity risk reduction, develop Sustainable coping strategies for side effects of treatment, and Share local community resources. Survivors verbalized the need for a multi-disciplinary team to assist with their psychosocial needs and physical limitations to achieve their PA goals, as integrated into the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework. The S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework reflects the perspectives of survivors with type 2 diabetes and may help to inform post-treatment programs.
Metabolism of Streams and Rivers: Estimation, Controls, and Application

Ecosystem metabolism is a fundamental property of streams and rivers that comprises carbon fixation as gross primary production (GPP) and mineralization as respiration by all organisms in the ecosystem (ER). Ecologists estimate GPP and ER at a stream reach scale by measuring dissolved oxygen throughout a day and converting these data to metabolism given an estimate of the air-water gas exchange flux. Use of this method has increased greatly in the past decade due to ease of data collection and statistical modeling methods, in particular estimates of the difficult to measure gas exchange. Here, I review recent improvements in methods to estimate GPP and ER, examine physical and biotic controls on rates, and address future applications of this technique. Nearly, all streams are heterotrophic (i.e., GPP < ER). Light availability is the dominant control on GPP, observed in both spatial surveys and time series analyses. When GPP is high and variable, it strongly controls rates of ER due to autotrophic respiration by the algae. Streams respond variably to hydrologic disturbance depending on the size of the flood and the substrate. Temperature and nutrients are secondary controls on GPP and ER relative to light and hydrologic disturbance. Despite a weak relationship of nutrients controlling rates of GPP and ER, metabolism can strongly increase rates of nutrient demand in rivers. Stream metabolism responds to human alteration of streams and rivers and holds promise as a metric to quantify human impacts. In particular, time series of daily metabolism may be quite sensitive to human impacts to streams and rivers, although this topic is only beginning to be explored.
Sporadic Creutzfeld Jakob Disease in a 33 Year old Male with Prior Cerebral Instrumentation (P06.195)

OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in a a 33 year old. BACKGROUND: CJD is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by accumulation of abnormal prion proteins in the brain. About 85% of cases are sporadic CJD (sCJD) with an unknown mechanism of transmission. The median age of onset for sCJD is 60. Over 400 cases of transmission via medical procedure have been identified worldwide. However only 6 via surgical instrumentation and none since the 1980s. A case control study comparing 753 sCJD patients and 210 controls found no difference in rates of neurosurgery. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 33 year old male with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placed at age 11 for hydrocephalus of unknown cause experienced progressive deficits over 3 months. Right arm paresthesias and myoclonus gradually spread to all limbs. MRI brain and c-spine were normal. CSF studies showed elevated protein. ESR, B12/MMA, folate, TSH, copper, ceruloplasmin, Lyme and RPR were all normal. He rapidly developed ataxia, aphasia and confusion. The patient was admitted for further evaluation. Family history was noncontributory. He took no medications. He did not smoke, drink or take drugs. He traveled to Mexico 3 years prior and England in 2002. Repeat DWI MRI showed shunt artifact and asymmetrical cortical ribbon hyperintensity. EEG showed generalized slowing and tri-phasic waveforms. CSF 14-3-3 was positive and Tau was elevated at 14,738 pg/mL ( CONCLUSIONS: This is an unusual presentation of sCJD as the patient is young. Although often considered as a cause of transmission of sCJD, surgical instrumentation is exceedingly rare. It is unlikely that this patient9s shunt placement was the source of his prion disease. Disclosure: Dr. Tuck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mass has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as a speaker.
Presentation of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Edward Stolper

The Roebling Medal recognizes outstanding research in mineral sciences, and this year's medalist—Edward Stolper—conducts experiments that are arguably the most original and innovative of this generation. His interpretations and insights often upend current thinking and, in the process, turn misconceptions and nonsense into solid gold. Ed's early research, conducted when he was a student, focused on extraterrestrial materials. As an undergraduate, he analyzed the chemistry of lunar green glasses returned by Apollo astronauts. For his Master's thesis at Edinburg, he determined that eucrites—basalts from asteroid Vesta—cluster near the olivine-pyroxene-plagioclase peritectic, suggesting an origin by partial melting rather than fractional crystallization. As a Harvard doctoral student, his insight prompted the first recognition that shergottite meteorites are martian basalts, and his experiments defined the nature of the Mars mantle source region. These seminal papers, now nearly four decades old, are still referenced as state-of-the-art insights into planetary magmatism.
Statistical evaluation of diagnostic tests: A primer for pediatric surgeons.

Abstract Background/Purpose Diagnostic tests are of paramount importance for informing decision making in the surgical setting. Certain statistical methods are necessary to properly analyze data for diagnostic or prognostic tests involving biomarkers and risk factor data. Our goal is to provide a useful primer for the surgical researcher when performing a diagnostic research study in order to best analyze their data. Methods We present the key concepts and statistics for diagnostic tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and we illustrate each with hypothetical surgery research examples. We use hypothetical data regarding CT imaging and WBC count in their diagnostic ability in predicting acute appendicitis, an extremely common surgical condition, while reviewing the statistical concepts of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, relative risk, odds ratio, and ROC curves. Then we will consider a hypothetical a risk factor analysis on 30-day readmission to illustrate how multiple predictors can be combined. Conclusions The statistical concepts presented are useful to the pediatric surgeon researcher in assessing the ability of diagnostic tests, which will translate into decision making and patient management implications in the clinical setting. Type of Study Review Article Level of Evidence N/A
Micro/Nanoelectronics for Life Systems

As the silicon workhorse CMOS moves into sub-100nm regime, it opens many new doors to enhance the quality of life, especially in medical application areas. It is predicted that in the next few decades with advancement of bioinformatics genes will be linked to particular diseases and more individualized medicine will be provided based on genetic variation. Medical doctors are expected to make millions of measurements for each patient using the help of technological advancements and large-scale computation for accurate diagnosis of diseases and treatment with minimal side effect. One of the most recent NSF Engineering Research Centers, Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems (BMES) ERC calls for interdisciplinary research and education among three universities, University of Southern California (lead campus), California Institute of Technology, and University of California at Santa Cruz, to develop implantable silicon chips for retinal prosthesis, neuromuscular prosthesis, and cortical prosthesis to restore vision, movement, and cognition. Chips need to be reliable, of ultra low power, and implantable. NASA’s mission for space exploration calls for innovative miniaturized devices for dependable computing, intelligent sensing, visual communications, and fuel economy. In essence we will develop a monolithic or a single package fusion of information technology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology for various applications for wholistic life systems. Thus one of the significant challenges lies in interdisciplinary education of micro/nanoelectronics with deep molecular understanding of systems biology, interface between electrodes and living cells. In the Baskin School of Engineering, we have put our foci on IT, BT, and NT and identified the crucial intersection of these three areas to be in Biomolecular Engineering which includes bioinformatics, nanobiosensors, protein engineering, among others. Several faculty members in Electrical Engineering are working on bioelectronics for nanobiosensors, electrodeliving cell interaction, and nanobiophotonics for single molecule level sensor in genome sequencing. In this talk we will highlight some of the exciting research projects and the curriculum of biomolecular engineering and related programs.
Estimating the determinants of executive selection in multinational companies: a two-sided matching model

Using a unique dataset on subsidiary executive appointments in multinational banks and a competitive assignment matching model, this study investigates executive selection in the international labour market. The international context is characterised by heterogeneous firms with varied human capital needs, allowing for a nuanced examination of the determinants of executive selection along multiple human capital dimensions, with a particular emphasis on firm-specific versus general human capital. The study explores (i) the determinants of executive selection in MNC subsidiaries, (ii) how these determinants shift relative to economic conditions, and (iii) how they differ for two types of functional roles. I find that the relationship between human capital and the firm's resource base is largely complementary; however, firm-specific human capital is the dominant determinant of executive selection during an economic upswing, but during an economic downturn firm-specific human capital is nearly four times weaker in driving selection than general human capital.
A social cognitive approach to traditional media content and social media use: Selfie-related behavior as competitive strategy:

Mass media systems play increasingly prevalent roles in our lives. However, the relationship between traditional mass media exposure and behavior on social media is unclear, particularly in the con...
Morphology, Geographic Distribution, and Conservation of the Southern Appalachian Endemic

Taxonomic recognition of Solidago lancifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) Chapman and diagnostic characters used for identification have vacillated among floras and treatments. Fieldwork greatly expanded the specimen base in US herbaria, extended the known range in Tennessee, and identified new occurrences in North Carolina and Virginia. A morphometric analysis of herbarium specimens identified qualitative and quantitative characters unambiguously diagnostic for S. lancifolia. These included the presence of glands on the phyllaries; long, wide-diameter rhizomes; thick stems; and a long pappus on disk florets. Using these characters, an analysis of herbarium specimens corrected widespread misidentifications and showed that S. lancifolia is strictly endemic to a 12-county region encompassing the high elevations (> 1,400 m) in the mountains of southwestern Virginia, northwestern North Carolina, and northeastern Tennessee. Based on the narrow geographic range and small population sizes, prior uncertainty of the taxonomic validity and geographic range of S. lancifolia has been resolved. Consequently, for North Carolina and Virginia, the recommendation is for an upgrade in the conservation status to “Endangered” with a state rank of “S1.” Moreover, the narrow geographic range and small number of populations are consistent with a global rank of “G2” and consideration as a federal Species of Concern.
Regional Disparity in Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in the United States

Abstract Introduction Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTCM), an entity first described in Japan over two decades ago following myocardial stunning cases without evidence of coronary stenosis, has emerged as a unique entity with global recognition. We sought to investigate the extent and magnitude of regional variations in its outcomes. Method We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2010–2014). Risk-adjusted rates of outcomes across the US geographical regions were calculated by fitting a Poisson regression model with a robust error variance under generalized estimating equations. Discrete numeric variables with over-dispersed count distributions -length of stay and continuous variables with a right skewed spread- cost of hospitalization were modeled using a generalized linear regression with a negative binomial function and gamma function respectively. Result We found significant regional variations in-patient mortality. While there was significantly higher risk of in-hospital death in the West (5.28 [4.34–6.44]) vs 4.40 [3.57–5.43] vs 4.10 [3.38–498] vs 4.78 [3.96–5.77]), there was a different pattern of variation in the length of days with longer hospital stay in the Northeast. Likewise, the risk-adjusted rate of non-routine home discharges was highest for Northeast. The West had the highest cost of hospitalization (West: $40,217 vs. South: $28,465) Conclusion Significant geographic variation exists in the cost of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality of TTCM across the US. Understanding this variation requires a detailed understanding of the processes of care and identification of effective strategies to eliminate these disparities.
Influencing Limits to Arbitrage: Corporate Disclosure in Inefficient Markets

Much of the work in behavioral corporate finance has been dedicated to analyzing how firms respond to limits to arbitrage in setting corporate policy. In this paper, we provide a theory of corporate disclosure that seeks to emphasize the existence of an alternate direction of causality: that when operating amongst noise traders, firms may set corporate policy with a mind to influence the limits to arbitrage. By controlling the amount of information arbitrageurs have on firm value, managers can affect the severity of the limits to arbitrage. As the information possessed by arbitrageurs decreases, they will be less willing to take large positions against noise trader demand, and hence, firm prices will less closely track their fundamental value. We show that this effect can lead to an equilibrium level of disclosure that is not fully revealing, and that is decreasing in the level of noise trader sentiment. In this equilibrium, in periods of high sentiment, managers will attempt to increase the effect of noise traders on stock price by decreasing the level of corporate disclosure, which will, in turn, serve to exacerbate market mispricing. In addition, we examine the benefits of disclosure regulation and show that there are important interactions between mandatory disclosure requirements and discretionary disclosure choices, which serve to greatly increase the benefit of disclosure regulation in an inefficient market.
A Low Complexity Radioisotope Identification System using an Integrated Multichannel Analyzer and Embedded Neural Network

A standalone radiation detection and identification system is designed and tested which quantizes gamma ray energies with a scintillator, photomultiplier tube, and a custom multichannel analyzer chip to construct a gamma ray energy histogram. The histogram is used as the input to a fast, low memory, versatile neural network that runs in software on a microcontroller and identifies in real time which radioisotopes are present in the radiation source. The neural network accurately identifies the radioisotopes for which it has been trained, running in under 91.4 ms, consuming less than 6.2 kB of memory, and expending 274 µJ of energy each time it is executed.