cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Active and Passive Recovery on Intermittent Exercise Performance

The intermittent exercise consists of a series of repeated blocks of work or effort, alternated with periods of recovery. They are used in many types of training for different sports, targeting different goals, but are mainly used in training programs to improve the maximal oxygen consumption. It is extremely important to deeply study such exercise, not only because it is a training method, but also because a large number of sports have the characteristic of intermittency (soccer, football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, etc.). The effects and physiological adaptations of this form of exercise is dependent on the interaction of various parameters such as type of exercise, duration of the effort, duration of the recovery, intensity of the effort, type of recovery and total exercise time. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare the performance during intermittent exercise, between the situations of active recovery and passive recovery using the blocks of effort with predominance of the alactic system (i.e. short duration and maximal intensity). The objective is to contribute not only to the sports science, but also with trainers, coaches and athletes so that they can improve their training through such exercise.
Race, Ethnicity, and Children’s Peer Relations

Problematic peer relations or social skills difficulties are associated with a variety of childhood disorders, including autism (Schreibman & Charlop, 1989), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (Whalen, 1989), conduct disorders (Kazdin, 1989), learning disabilities (Stone & LaGreca, 1990), and childhood depression (Helsel & Matson, 1984). Perhaps as a result, clinicians have developed and evaluated numerous social skills programs for alleviating problems that children have in interacting with peers (for reviews, see Dodge, 1989; Schneider, 1992).
Ion Transport Mechanisms in Liquid–Liquid Interface

Interfacial liquid–liquid ion transport is of crucial importance to biotechnology and industrial separation processes including nuclear elements and rare earths. A water-in-oil microemulsion is formulated here with density and dimensions amenable to atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, facilitating convergent theoretical and experimental approaches to elucidate interfacial ion transport mechanisms. Lutetium(III) cations are transported from the 5 nm diameter water pools into the surrounding oil using an extractant (a lipophilic ligand). Changes in ion coordination sphere and interactions between the interfacial components are studied using a combination of synchrotron X-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Contrary to existing hypotheses, our model system shows no evidence of interfacial extractant monolayers, but rather ions are exchanged through water channels that penetrate the surfactant monolayer and connect to the oil-based extractant. Our results highlight...
Co-targeting BRAF with mTOR inhibition in solid tumors harboring BRAF mutations: A phase I study.

2517Background: Vemurafenib, dabrafenib and trametinib are FDA approved for treating BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. Vemurafenib has activity in multiple BRAFV600-mutant non-melanoma, as well. Unfortunat...
Examining a Multilevel Model of Anger Contagion in Groups: An Information Processing Approach

The goal of our study is to add to the literature on emotional contagion in groups by introducing and applying concepts from information processing theory to examine the effects of expressions of a...
Cognitive/Intellectual Abilities as Predictors of Skilled Performance: Answering the Which, When, and How Questions:

Recently, there has been a re-emergence of interest in the cognitive ability determinants of individual differences in skill acquisition and skilled performance. First we review some basic characte...
Evaluation of a tissue culture-based approach for differentiating between virulent and avirulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains based on cytotoxicity.

The ability of only a subset of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains to cause human infection underscores the need for an analytical method that can effectively differentiate between pathogenic strains and those that do not cause disease. We tested the feasibility of a tissue culture–based assay to determine whether clinical isolates could be differentiated from nonclinical isolates based on relative isolate cytopathogenicity. To screen for cytotoxic capability, we measured relative extracellular lactate dehydrogenase as an indicator of host cell damage in five different mammalian cell lines in the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. Isolates originating from clinical sources exhibited 15.5 to 59.3% relative cytotoxicity, whereas those originating from food sources exhibited 4.4 to 54.9% relative cytotoxicity. In the presence of ∼1.2 × 106 cells, cytotoxicity was 1.6- to 3.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) for clinical isolates than for nonclinical isolates in L2, Henle 407, and Caco-2 cell lines. V. parahaemolyticus sero...
Mental Well-Being and Changes in Peer Ability From High School to College:

While transitions to college can be stressful, links between distinct types of college transitions and changing student well-being remain unclear. For instance, peer ability often shifts from high ...
pH Dependency in Anode Biofilms of Thermincola ferriacetica Suggests a Proton-Dependent Electrochemical Response.

Monitoring the electrochemical response of anode respiring bacteria (ARB) helps elucidate the fundamental processes of anode respiration and their rate limitations. Understanding these limitations provides insights on how ARB create the complex interfacing of biochemical metabolic processes with insoluble electron acceptors and electronics. In this study, anode biofilms of the thermophilic (60 °C) Gram-positive ARB Thermincola ferriacetica were studied to determine the presence of a proton-dependent electron transfer response. The effects of pH, the presence of an electron donor (acetate), and biofilm growth were varied to determine their influence on the electrochemical midpoint potential (EKA) and formal redox potential (E°′) under nonturnover conditions. The EKA and E°′ are associated with an enzymatic process within ARB’s metabolism that controls the rate and energetic state of their respiration. Results for all conditions indicate that pH was the major contributor to altering the energetics of T. fer...
Assessment and implementation of Global offset compensation method

Abstract Nowadays, the demand of tighter tolerance components requires more accurate machine tools with volumetric compensation. In mass production, post-machining inspection of the workpiece on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) of all or just some control features of the parts provides statistical quality control information for all the parts and the variability of the manufacturing process. The paper explains the precision enhancement of machine tools according to Global offset, including parameter error modeling, identification and compensation. The method is utilizing the part quality CMM data to determine the specific compensation parameters that are used in the machine tool controller to minimize the machine tool errors. The aim of this method is to explain the compensation of multiple sources of errors including those affected by the rigid body behavior and the deformation due to dynamic forces, thermos-mechanical changes and backlash (that are repeatable from part-to-part) in a machine tool. Part deformation due to cutting and/or clamping forces that are repeatable can be also compensated. The 3D weighted least square fit is explained to determine the compensation parameters. It makes compensation easy and convenient using part measurement data. Simple scenarios are used to illustrate the capabilities of the Global offset compensation method based on a very simple part.
A novel CAPN3 mutation in late-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with early respiratory insufficiency.

Abstract We describe a 70 year-old independently ambulatory man with a 10-year history of progressive axial and limb-girdle weakness, hyperCKemia, and a 5-year history of dyspnea requiring nocturnal ventilatory support due to a known c.1309C>T (p.Arg437Cys) variant and a novel in-frame deletion of exons 17–19 in the calpain-3 encoding gene (CAPN3). Pulmonary function tests revealed neuromuscular respiratory weakness. Biceps femoris biopsy showed chronic myopathic changes, numerous lobulated fibers, and reduced calpain-3 immunoreactivity. Muscle immunoblot showed markedly reduced calpain-3 expression. Respiratory insufficiency is uncommon in autosomal recessive calpainopathy, and generally develops in the advanced stages of the disease when individuals become wheelchair-dependent. Our patient broadens the phenotypic spectrum of recessive calpainopathy to include early respiratory insufficiency and also further expands its molecular spectrum.
Curcumin prevents the bile reflux-induced NF-κB-related mRNA oncogenic phenotype, in human hypopharyngeal cells.

The presence of bile is not an uncommon finding in acidic oesophageal and extra-oesophageal refluxate, possibly affecting the hypopharyngeal mucosa and leading to neoplastic events. We recently demonstrated that acidic bile (pH ≤ 4.0) can induce NF-κB activation and oncogenic mRNA phenotype in normal hypopharyngeal cells and generate premalignant changes in treated hypopharyngeal mucosa. We hypothesize that curcumin, a dietary inhibitor of NF-κB, may effectively inhibit the acidic bile-induced cancer-related mRNA phenotype, in treated human hypopharyngeal primary cells (HHPC), supporting its potential preventive use in vivo. Luciferase assay, immunofluorescence, Western blot, qPCR and PCR microarray analysis were used to explore the effect of curcumin in HHPC exposed to bile (400 μmol/L) at acidic and neutral pH. Curcumin successfully inhibited the acidic bile-induced NF-κB signalling pathway (25% of analysed genes), and overexpression of NF-κB transcriptional factors, c-REL, RELA(p65), anti-apoptotic bcl-2, oncogenic TNF-α, EGFR, STAT3, WNT5A, ΔNp63 and cancer-related IL-6. Curcumin effectively reduced bile-induced bcl-2 overexpression at both acidic and neutral pH. Our novel findings suggest that, similar to pharmacologic NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, curcumin can suppress acidic bile-induced oncogenic mRNA phenotype in hypopharyngeal cells, encouraging its future in vivo pre-clinical and clinical explorations in prevention of bile reflux-related pre-neoplastic events mediated by NF-κB.
Distinguishing Dimensions of Anxiety and Depression

Symptom covariation and lack of symptom specificity have proven to be complicating factors in research on the emotional, cognitive, and physiologic characteristics of anxiety and depression. Numerous attempts have been made to investigate the unique and overlapping features of anxiety and depression. Of interest in the present study were potential distinctions among proposed types of anxiety and depression. A variety of self-report measures were administered to 783 college students. Correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analyses converged in suggesting that anxious arousal (somatic anxiety) and anxious apprehension (worry) represent distinct affective dimensions that can be distinguished from depression and negative affect.
Insomnia During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of extensive physiologic, physical, and hormonal changes. These changes can significantly disrupt a woman’s sleep and can result in symptoms of daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Understanding how sleep is altered during pregnancy and recognizing sleep disorders that commonly develop during pregnancy may enable healthcare professionals to identify and treat sleep problems. Sleep is vital to the health and well-being of pregnant women. By counseling women on strategies to optimize sleep, healthcare professionals may improve the quality of nighttime sleep and reduce daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
High School Reform and Student Engagement

This chapter describes how internal high school reforms can be aimed at six different dimensions of student motivation and engagement. Students will respond to more accessible immediate rewards such as good grades and teacher praise when high schools improve with focused extra help for needy students and other interventions to narrow skill gaps or recognize individual progress. Students will benefit from embedded intrinsic interest in their school program when innovations are introduced to challenge their minds and creativity. Students will find more functional relevance in their studies when high schools integrate academic and career education. Students will enjoy a more positive interpersonal climate for learning when high schools use smaller learning communities with teacher teams and advisors. Students will find opportunities to exercise their own personal nonacademic talents when schools provide more diverse electives and extracurricular activities. Students will feel more connected to shared communal norms when high schools practice fair disciplinary procedures and provide for some shared decision-making. Different combinations and sequences of high school reforms are discussed in terms of implementation strategies and the interactions of the six dimensions of student motivation and engagement. High school reform can be aimed at either the external constraints and incentives for school improvement or the internal conditions for student engagement and learning. This chapter puts reforms of the internal conditions in the context of alternative strategies for improving American high schools and examines six different aspects of student engagement in high school and how specific internal reform efforts can activate and maximize each component.
New Vistas in Neutrino Physics

Recent data on the high-y anomaly in inelastic \( {{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }} \) -nucleon scattering and on the ratio of cross sections \( \sigma _{c}^{{\bar{\nu }}}/\sigma _{c}^{\nu } \) are presented and interpreted in terms of new hadron production.
Beyond barriers and facilitators: the central role of practical knowledge and informal networks in implementing infection prevention interventions.

An enduring challenge for the improvement of healthcare quality is variation in the success of quality improvement (QI) interventions when implemented across settings.1 This is particularly true in the field of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevention. Some of the brightest success stories in QI have emerged from large-scale efforts to reduce HAIs such as central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs)2 or catheter-associated urinary tract infections.3 The light dims, however, when efforts to export these interventions to other settings fail to meaningfully improve outcomes.4 5 To make sense of this phenomenon, attention must be paid to the social, organisational, economic, and cultural factors that may shape the observed associations between interventions and their outcomes.1 6–8 These factors are components of context, which is a key modifier of the impact of QI interventions.9–11 Understanding how context influences interventions is of critical importance to advancing the science of QI. Yet studying context is challenging9 12 13 The definition of context in QI has evolved in recent years, but remains broad: ‘the physical and sociocultural make-up of the local environment (eg, external environmental factors, organisational dynamics, collaboration, resources, leadership and the like), and the interpretation of these factors (“sense-making”) by the healthcare delivery professionals, patients and caregivers that can affect …
Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy

Transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) of the canonical TRP subfamily are nonselective cation channels that play an essential role in calcium homeostasis, particularly store-operated calcium entry, which is critical to maintaining proper function of synaptic vesicle release and intracellular signaling pathways. Accordingly, TRPC channels have been implicated in a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac hypertrophy, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and neurologic disorders such as spinocerebellar ataxia. Therefore, TRPC channels represent a potential pharmacologic target in human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of gating in these channels are still unclear. The difficulty in obtaining large quantities of stable, homogeneous, and purified protein has been a limiting factor in structure determination studies, particularly for mammalian membrane proteins such as the TRPC ion channels. Here, we present a protocol for the large-scale expression of mammalian ion channel membrane proteins using a modified baculovirus gene transfer system and the purification of these proteins by affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. We further present a protocol to collect single-particle cryo-electron microscopy images from purified protein and to use these images to determine the protein structure. Structure determination is a powerful method for understanding the mechanisms of gating and function in ion channels.
Review Essay of 'The Emergence of Historical Forensic Expertise: Clio Takes the Stand' by Vladimir Petrovic

The Emergence of Historical Forensic Expertise is an instructive intellectual journey through the interplay of history and law whose relevance extends well beyond its basic framework of a historical study. A cross-disciplinary outlook between the historical science and legal practice adopted and effectively applied by Petrovic can become an indispensable guide through the highest and lowest points of historical science as a forensic discipline in domestic and international criminal trials.
Temperature, pH, and Solvent Isotope Effects on Cytochrome c Peroxidase Mutant N82A Studied by Proton NMR

The mutant of baker's yeast cytochrome c peroxidase-CN with Ala82 in place of Asn82, [N82A]CcPCN, exhibits a complex solution behavior featuring dynamic interconversion among three enzyme forms that so far have only been detected by NMR spectroscopy. Proton NMR studies of [N82A]CcPCN reveal resonances from each of the three enzyme forms and show that the interconversion among forms is controlled by the pH, temperature, and isotope composition (H2O vs. D2O) of the buffer solution. No evidence for a key hydrogen bond between His52 and heme-coordinated cyanide is found in any of the enzyme forms, indicating that disruption of the extensive distal hydrogen bonding network is the source of this phenomenon.
Description and comparison of postpartum use of effective contraception among women with and without diabetes

Abstract Objective As diabetes is increasing among women of reproductive age in the United States, access to effective contraception is important to allow time for optimal glycemic control which may mitigate complications in future pregnancies. This study sought to describe contraceptive use and compare the effectiveness of contraceptive methods among postpartum women with and without diabetes. Study design This study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and included women with recent live births during 2012–2015 (N = 93,574). Women were asked about pre-gestational or recent gestational diabetes and their postpartum contraceptive method. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare contraceptive methods between women with and without diabetes. Results Contraceptive prevalence was similar between women with (82%) and without (83%) diabetes; women with diabetes were more likely to use the most effective methods. This was driven by higher use of female sterilization among women with diabetes (15%) compared to women without diabetes (9%) (p Conclusions Although overall postpartum contraceptive use was high, only 1/3 of women with or without diabetes were using the most effective methods. Furthermore, women with diabetes were more likely to use female sterilization than women without diabetes. It is important all postpartum women, particularly those with high risk pregnancies such as women with diabetes, receive counseling about and access to all contraceptive methods. Implications It is important for clinicians to counsel women with pregnancies affected by diabetes that reversible contraceptives such as implants and IUDs are as effective as female permanent contraception.
A Call for Career Educators to Recommit to Serving First-Generation and Immigrant College Students: Introduction to Special Issue:

The purpose of this article is to introduce the special issue on supporting first-generation (FG) and immigrant college students. Just as Parsons and other progressive leaders of the 20th century s...
Educational Revolution: Integrating Concept-Based Curriculum and Active Learning for Mental Health Nursing Students:

OBJECTIVE: To disseminate knowledge to mental health nurse educators regarding a course that is successfully preparing registered nurse (RN) students to pass the psychosocial integrity portion of t...
SSnet - Secondary Structure based End-to-End Learning model for Protein-Ligand Interaction Prediction

Computational prediction of bioactivity has become a critical aspect of modern drug discovery as it mitigates the cost, time, and resources required to find and screen new compounds. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have recently shown excellent performance in modeling Protein-Ligand Interaction (PLI). However, DNNs are only effective when physically sound descriptions of ligands and proteins are fed into the neural network for processing. Furthermore, previous research has not incorporated the secondary structure of proteins in a meaningful manner. In this work, we developed a DNN framework that utilizes the secondary structure information of proteins which is extracted as the curvature and torsion of the protein backbone to predict PLI. We demonstrate how our model outperforms previous machine and non-machine learning models on four major datasets: humans, C.elegans, DUD-E, and BindingDB. Visualization of the intermediate layers of our model shows a potential latent space for proteins which extracts important information about the bioactivity. We further investigate the inner workings of our model by visualizing the most important aspects in a protein that the model finds influential. We observed that our model learns important information about possible locations where a ligand would bind including binding sites, allosteric sites and cryptic sites, regardless of the conformation used. This work opens the door to the exploration of secondary structure based deep learning in general, which is not just confined to protein-ligand interactions.
Glutathione Conjugation as a Mechanism of Targeting Latent Quinones to the Kidney

One of the major difficulties in studying the toxicity of chemicals, in particular the factors contributing to target organ toxicity, is determining whether or not the ultimate (or penultimate) metabolites responsible for causing such toxicities are formed in the organ of susceptibility. This is both an interesting and challenging toxicological problem. Chemically reactive metabolites are capable of leaving the active site of the enzyme at which they are formed, of leaving the cell in which they are formed, and of leaving the organ in which they are formed. Thus, such metabolites are clearly capable of producing toxicity at sites distal to their site of formation. It is also important to note that not all chemically reactive metabolites are biologically reactive. That is, we know certain reactive metabolites are capable of interacting with cellular macromolecules without producing any discernable alteration in cellular structure or function.
The Virtual Life Alongside: Technology and the Emerging and Young Adult

Emerging and young adults have embraced cybertechnology and the Internet, garnering empowerment and community, but sometimes at the cost of autonomy, self-control, and time for reflection. Creativity and compulsivity coexist online, as do aggression and altruism. Social networking and gaming, as exemplified by the still powerful platforms Facebook and World of Warcraft, entice millions of emerging and young adults to learn about each other and establish a sense of community. Fantasy games, at first, welcome respite from daily routines and limited opportunities for adventure, can be used to postpone the achievement of goals and the negotiation of a developmental impasse. Emerging and young adults will determine their relationships with technology as either dutiful consumers and captives, or autonomous innovators who set meaningful, if permeable, boundaries between the virtual worlds they create and enjoy, and the worlds of face-to-face interpersonal space they continue to live in.
Trends in US hospitalizations for anaphylaxis among infants and toddlers: 2006 to 2015.

Abstract Background Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal acute allergic reaction. Its overall prevalence appears to be rising, but little is known about US hospitalization trends among infants and toddlers. Objective To identify the trends and predictors of hospitalization for anaphylaxis among infants and toddlers. Methods We used the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample (NIS), from 2006 to 2015, to perform an analysis of trends in US hospitalizations for anaphylaxis among infants and toddlers (age, Results Among infants and toddlers, there was no significant change in anaphylaxis hospitalizations during the 10-year study period (Ptrend = .14). Anaphylaxis hospitalization among infants and toddlers was more likely in males, with private insurance, in the highest income quartile, with chronic pulmonary disease, who presented on a weekend day, to an urban teaching hospital, located in the Northeast. In contrast, anaphylaxis hospitalizations among older children (age, 3- Conclusion Anaphylaxis hospitalizations among infants and toddlers in the United States were stable from 2006 to 2015, whereas hospitalizations among older children were rising. Future research should focus on the trends in disease prevalence and health care utilization in the understudied population of infants and toddlers.
No time to wait: Commandeering healthcare facilities in the age of COVID-19

In this editorial, we address the urgent need to rapidly expand hospital and ICU capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. As a remedy to this problem currently plaguing many US municipalities, we discuss states' Emergency Takings Power, an alternative to eminent domain proceedings that allows the immediate commandeering of vacant hospitals without exorbitant costs or the need to litigate fair market price up front. We briefly describe the legal basis for emergency takings power and how states can empower local municipalities to act on that power during public health emergencies.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Repurposed Drugs to Improve Current Therapies.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Metastasis allows cancer cells to spread via circulatory and lymphatic systems; secondary tumorigenesis typically leads to a fatal outcome. Recent experimental evidence suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression. A tumor is heterogeneous and composed of different cell types. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells possessing abilities to self-renew and differentiate. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present repurposed drugs, and potential candidates, that can serve as anticancer medications intended to target resistant cancer cells, i.e. CSCs. METHODS: Research publications, FDA filings, and patents have been reviewed for repurposed drugs or drug combinations that can act to improve cancer treatment and care. RESULTS: Drugs that act against CSCs include ones approved for treatment of diabetes (metformin & thiazolidinediones), parasitic diseases (chloroquine, niclosamide, mebendazole & pyrvinium), psychotic disorders (thioridazine, clomipramine & phenothiazines), alcoholism (disulfiram), lipid disorder (statins), inflammatory diseases (tranilast, auranofin, acetaminophen & celecoxib), antibiotics (azithromycin), and other disorders. Current research findings advocate the existence of beneficial effects by combining these repurposed drugs, and also through their complementary use with conventional cancer therapies. CONCLUSION: Repurposing FDA-approved medications towards cancer care, by targeting the resistant CSCs, will allow for a quicker, cheaper development and approval process. A larger drug library available to physicians will allow for increased efficacy during both first-line and recurrent cancer treatments.
Increased expression of MARCKS in cancer cells represents a potential target for treatment

5149 Using in vitro phosphorylation reactions, we discovered that the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is substrate for the G1 kinases, cdk4/6, as well as for protein kinase C (PKC). Thus, this substrate appears to link PKC signal transduction pathways and cell-cycle signaling. Although MARCKS has previously been implicated as a potential tumor suppressor gene, we found significantly increased levels of MARCKS expression in many cell lines and primary tumor samples from breast and lung cancers, including small cell and non-small cell varieties. This increased expression is not accompanied by mutations of MARCKS, leading us to consider activation of a MARCKS pathway as a contributor to the cancer phenotype. To understand the function of MARCKS in this setting, we introduced MARCKS targeted siRNA into replicating cultures of MDA-361 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in MARCKS expression, increased expression of p27 (as measured by immunoblot), and dramatic inhibition of cell growth. Together, these results suggest that MARCKS has a critical, and complex, signaling function in cancer cells. Many cancers have increased expression of MARCKS, and this might represent a novel target for cancer treatment.
Many Paths: Curiosity as Transformative Process

Curiosity is seen as an integral part of information-seeking, including the power to transform, innovate, and synthesize, as well as the power to disrupt. While there is consensus that curiosity is vital to learning, innovation, and transformative change, scientists have yet to agree on definitions or categories of curiosity, and little is known about how best to engage learners’ curiosity in academic libraries. This paper presents interview findings with 41 transfer students. Students reflected on their experiences with libraries and on moments when they felt intensely curious or passionate about learning. Findings indicate that students’ curiosity ignites through ideas, hands-on learning, interpersonal, and lived experiences. Implications follow for library workers to consider how curiosity is framed within their institutions and intentionally cultivate learners’ curiosity.
Impact of fin geometry and surface roughness on performance of an impingement two-phase cooling heat sink

Abstract Jet impingement two-phase cooling is often used to handle the high heat fluxes of high-performance electronics. While much of the literature focuses on thermal–hydraulic performance, the effects of fin geometry on the two-phase heat transfer and pressure drop have not been thoroughly investigated. This study was undertaken to examine those factors more closely. The thermal–hydraulic performance of a two-phase cooling impingement heat sink was studied for three different fin configurations: microchannel, pin fin array, and bare copper surface. A copper block with a top surface area of 1 " × 1 " was used to mimic computer chip. A dielectric coolant Novec/HFE 7000 was used to study flow boiling heat transfer. It was observed that when the original microchannel heat sink was cut into pin fin array heat sink, thermal performance was improved by 51% and pressure drop decreased by 18%. The pin fin array heat sink performs better than the microchannel heat sink and the bare copper surface heat sink. Effects of enhanced surface roughness was also studied with 9% of improvement in thermal performance of a bare copper surface. Comparison with existing literature correlations for pool boiling and flow boiling led to mean absolute error below 12.8%, so a new correlation was developed that has a mean absolute error of 2.4%.
A Limit Theorem for Scaled Eigenvectors of Random Dot Product Graphs

We prove a central limit theorem for the components of the largest eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of a finite-dimensional random dot product graph whose true latent positions are unknown. We use the spectral embedding of the adjacency matrix to construct consistent estimates for the latent positions, and we show that the appropriately scaled differences between the estimated and true latent positions converge to a mixture of Gaussian random variables. We state several corollaries, including an alternate proof of a central limit theorem for the first eigenvector of the adjacency matrix of an Erdos-Renyi random graph.
Restructuring the Administrative Field Experience.

Much has been written about beginning administrators and their feelings of unpreparedness for their first stint as a school leader. Notar (1988-1989) found that many beginning administrators think that their field experiences fell short of being worthwhile. A survey of firstand second-year principals (Daresh 1986) found that their feelings of inadequacy centered on three major areas-role clarification, technical expertise, and socialization to the profession. Several years ago, the faculty in the Department of Educational Leadership at Northwest Missouri State University were dismayed to learn that our field experiences were not held in high regard by practicing administrators. A brief questionnaire administered to regional superintendents revealed that the practicum and internship were seen as having little value. A group of interested faculty members gathered to study the low evaluations and to develop and report recommendations to the entire department. Our intent was to make the field experiences a meaningful part of the coursework by reflecting the real work of school leaders. The committee looked first at the current condition of the field experiences. We learned that students were not clear about what activities were appropriate and acceptable for the completion of the practicum or internship. On-site supervisors felt that they did not have any input into the process and were not involved in the experience in any real ways. Students felt that the university supervisors were inconsistent in their expectations for successful completion of the field experience.
Psychotherapy with Alcoholic Patients

Abstract This paper demonstrates how use of the empathic mode in outpatient psychotherapy helped an alcoholic patient reduce his denial of the severity of his illness. Both the general psychoanalytic literature and, in particular, the self psychology literature concerning treatment of alcoholics is reviewed and evaluated. This paper also examines in depth how the empathic mode functions to promote selfobject transferences, which facilitate internalization processes that may lead to a reduction in the alcoholic patient's need to rigidly maintain his denial of the illness. The complexity of the relationship between alcoholism self-help groups and the professional psychotherapy community is also explored.
TiO2-based sensor arrays modeled with nonlinear regression analysis for simultaneously determining CO and O2 concentrations at high temperatures

Abstract Responses of TiO 2 -based sensor arrays were analyzed using kernel ridge regression modeling to determine the concentrations of CO and O 2 in gas mixtures at 873 K. Two variations of a two-sensor combination were studied. In each array, a La 2 O 3 -doped TiO 2 sensor was used, whereas the second sensor in the array was a CuO–La 2 O 3 -doped TiO 2 sensor, doped with different levels of copper. In sensor array I, 2 wt.% CuO was used, while 8 wt.% CuO was used in the second. Sensor array I was used to demonstrate the kernel ridge regression methodology. The concept of orthogonality of sensors was developed, which is a quantitative measure of how well the sensor array can discriminate between the two gases of interest. This model was then used to extract the concentrations of CO and O 2 in a gas mixture over ranges of 2–10% O 2 and 250–1000 ppm CO using the second sensor array. Prediction ability was found to be reasonable over certain concentration ranges and was determined by the orthogonality of the sensor responses.
Expanding the reference vocabulary: A methodology for applying Bloom's taxonomy to increase instruction in the reference interview

Purpose – This paper aims to examine potential instructional benefits from, and methods for, incorporating concepts from Bloom's taxonomy into reference interactions.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes chat transcripts and assigns each question asked by a librarian to one of the six levels of Bloom's taxonomy, and also codes it as open (divergent) or closed (convergent).Findings – Three of the six levels of Bloom's hierarchy consistently matched observed questions from the transcripts. Bloom's taxonomy provided a rich vocabulary and methodology for expanding delivery of information literacy instruction in reference.Practical implications – Questioning is a key part of standard reference training, and the findings suggest ways to enhance questions, to direct patrons towards instructional goals such as the ACRL Standards for Information Literacy.Originality/value – The research expands the traditional open and closed questioning vocabulary of the RUSA Behavioral Guidelines and provides libraria...
Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets

The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) has developed impact attenuation thresholds that protective helmets worn in sport must meet to be commercially available in an attempt to prevent injury. It remains unknown how normal helmet use in athletic activity alters the force attenuation ability of lacrosse helmets. We tested 3 new and 3 randomly selected used helmets from 2 popular lacrosse models (Cascade Pro7, Cascade CPXR). All used helmets had been worn for 3 collegiate seasons prior to testing and had never been refurbished. Helmets were drop-tested using 3 prescribed impact velocities at 6 locations according to the NOCSAE lacrosse helmet standard, and we compared the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores between new and used helmets using a repeated measure ANOVA with location as the repeated variable and data separated by impact velocity. All 12 helmets passed the NOCSAE GSI threshold for all testing conditions; however 1 used helmet shell cracked resulting in a failed test. We found a significant main effect for helmet age at the low (F5,50=2.98, P=.02), medium (F5,50=3.71, P=.006), and high (F5,50=2.70, P=.03) velocities. We suspect that helmet use can degrade materials under some conditions, but improve performance in others due to changes in helmet composition from use. The clinical implications of the differences in GSI scores noted remain unclear. Because one helmet shell cracked resulting in a failed test, used helmets should be regularly inspected for cracks or other signs of mechanical fatigue that may weaken helmet integrity.
Tensile and Fracture Properties of Manganese-Modified AISI 304 Type Stainless Steel

The AISI-300 series stainless steels are austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys offering relatively low strength but excellent cryogenic ductility and toughness. Recently, nitrogen-strengthened grades, such as AISI 304 N or AISI 304 LN, have attracted attention as possible substitutes for applications demanding higher strength. Nitrogen is a relatively inexpensive strengthener, and it stabilizes the austenitic structure with respect to martensitic phase transformation. A disadvantage of the nitrogen-strengthened grades is that they are more difficult to fabricate. To overcome this disadvantage, manganese additions (greater than the normal 1 or 2 wt.%) have been recommended. The potential advantages of manganese-modified type AISI 304 LN steels are: (1) consistent fabricability, (2) consistent weldability, and (3) reliable supply in all product forms.1 Other studies2–4 have reported potential advantages with manganese additions. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of manganese on the 4-K mechanical properties of nitrogen-strengthened AISI 304 L type alloys. Therefore, a series of steels containing 1–6% Mn and 0.1–0.2% N were prepared, tested, and compared with previous results for Fe-18Cr- lONi stainless steels.5,6
Molecular Characterization of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Bulgaria

As part of an ongoing surveillance program of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sofia, Bulgaria, 120 penicillin-resistant strains (PRSP) (most of them recovered from children hospitalized with pneumococcal disease) were analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Several unique features of this collection are of particular interest. (i) Most isolates (112 of 120) were also resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (97 of 120 isolates, or 80%), and over 70% (86 of 120) of the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics in addition to penicillin. (ii) Close to 80% of all isolates were represented by large clusters of bacteria, each with a unique serotype, antibiotype, and chromosomal macrorestriction pattern (determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), as well as unique restriction fragmentation length polymorphisms of the penicillin-binding protein genes pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b. (iii) A large proportion (45 of 120, or 38%) of the strains belonged to two internationally spread epidemic clones of S. pneumoniae, the first expressing capsular type 23F and the second expressing serotype 9. (iv) A unique Bulgarian cluster composed of eight serotype 19F isolates was resistant to tetracycline, SXT, cefotaxime, and extremely high levels of penicillin and erythromycin. Nevertheless, this clone did not react with either the erm or the mef DNA probes, and thus the mechanism of macrolide resistance in this group of PRSP remains to be elucidated.
An interaction and interface design framework for video digital libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a framework applicable to interactive video retrieval. The objective of the framework is so that it can be applied conceptually for understanding users and use of video digital libraries, and also practically for designing retrieval components like user interfaces. Design/methodology/approach – The framework was developed through a user-centered and analytical approach, and serves as an initial attempt at generalizing how users interact when searching and browsing digital video, throughout different situations, along with the general designs that can be supportive. Findings – The framework is two-fold, yet, together, comprises one set of conceptual findings. The first component of the framework depicts generalized user interactions throughout varying contexts of an interactive video retrieval process, followed by a second component, an illustration of the resulting supportive interface designs or sets of features. Cautions from previous studies not to over...
Landfill-gas-to-energy projects: analysis of net private and social benefits.

Methane emissions from municipal landfills represent 3% of the total United States greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. These methane emissions can be released to the air or collected and flared. This landfill gas also has the potential to be used to generate electricity. In 1994, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Landfill Methane Outreach Program, with the objective of promoting the development of landfill-gas-to-energy projects around the country. There are currently 2,300 active landfills in the United States. Although there are already 382 operational projects, there are many more landfills with the potential to use the gas. EPA has identified at least 630 candidate landfills for energy projects, and many more have still not been identified. The objective of this paper is to evaluate total private and social benefits of landfill-gas-to-energy projects, taking into consideration not only the costs of installing and maintaining the necessary equipment and the r...
Trends in use of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database

Objectives Recent national trends in off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting have not been reported. Methods We analyzed data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database regarding isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting operations (N = 2,137,841; 1997-2012). The off-pump percentages were calculated in aggregate, by center, and by surgeon. On the basis of the 2007/2008 yearly off-pump volume, the analysis subgroups were "high" (center n > 200, surgeon n > 100), "intermediate" (center n = 50-200, surgeon n = 20-100), and "low" (center n = 1-49, surgeon n = 1-19). Results The use of off-pump procedures peaked in 2002 (23%) and again in 2008 (21%), followed by a progressive decline in off-pump frequency to 17% by 2012. After 2008, off-pump rates declined among both high-volume and intermediate-volume centers and surgeons; little change was observed for low-volume centers or surgeons (off-pump rates = 10% since 2008). By the end of the study period, 84% of centers performed fewer than 50 off-pump cases per year, 34% of surgeons performed no off-pump operations, and 86% of surgeons performed fewer than 20 off-pump cases per year. Except for a higher (7.8%) conversion rate in 2003, the rate for conversions fluctuated approximately 6%. Conclusions Enthusiasm for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has been tempered. The percentage of coronary artery bypass grafting operations performed off-pump has steadily declined over the last 5 years, and currently this technique is used in fewer than 1 in 5 patients who undergo surgical coronary revascularization. A minority of surgeons and centers continue to perform off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in most of their patients.