cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bringing Social Justice Principles to Practice: New Practitioners Speak.

Using consensual qualitative research methods, this qualitative study explored how nine recent graduates, all graduating within the past 7 years from an overtly social justice-oriented school psychology program, were experiencing social justice in practice. Semistructured interviews were conducted covering the following three theme areas: defining social justice, potential application of social justice principles to their practice, and evaluating their graduate training on social justice relative to their experiences as practitioners. Practitioners discussed barriers faced when implementing social justice in practice, and ways training programs can more effectively prepare trainees for advocacy work. The implications of this research include informing school psychology training models for social justice and stimulating the impetus for greater acknowledgment and emphasis on social justice research in school psychology literature.
Elastocaloric effects in the extreme

Abstract There is a resurgence of interest in the elastocaloric (EC) effect of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The temperature change associated with the EC effect can be substantial, far exceeding those observed in well-known electrocaloric and magnetocaloric materials. The major driver of the EC effect is the entropy change of transformation. Historically the EC effect under superelasticity has been studied at mainly 25 °C. The current paper considers six SMAs across a variety of test temperatures, focusing not only on the EC cooling capability but also on three important factors for practical application: the role of stress/thermal hysteresis, Md temperature, and fatigue.
Future Applications of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Research

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study demonstrated a link between early trauma and various aspects of adult health. Despite the proven benefits of exploring and integrating ACEs in clinical practice, the medical community has been slow to incorporate them. This prevents us from truly understanding and addressing public health issues such as smoking, obesity, and drug abuse. In recent years, however, adult primary care medicine is slowly moving away from a biomedical approach and adopting a biopsychosocial perspective. This is essential for the development of appropriate treatment and prevention programs.
Infections and the relationship to treatment in neuromuscular autoimmunity.

Introduction This study aimed to identify infections in patients with myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and to investigate the relationship between infection and immunomodulation. Methods A retrospective chart review examined 631 patients with myasthenia gravis (n = 358), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (n = 124), and dermatomyositis (n = 149) patients over a 10-year time period. Results Infection rates were similar at approximately 19% in all 3 diseases. Of the infections in which a causative organism was identified, pneumonia, sepsis, and opportunistic infections were the leading diagnoses. A multivariate model demonstrated a significant association between infection and an increased dose of plasma exchange, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroid therapy. Discussion There are few large studies investigating rates of infections in patients with autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and the relationship to immunomodulation. This study not only demonstrates the remarkably similar infection rates across the 3 diseases studied, but also shows their relationship to commonly used immunotherapies. Muscle Nerve 57: 927-931, 2018.
The One and the Many: Joshua Ferris’s Then We Came to the End

As a post-9/11 office novel, Joshua Ferris’s Then We Came to the End effectively represents the contemporary American work novel’s anxieties about violence, trauma, and loss—particularly the loss o...
Rapid Degradation of the c-FOS Proto-Oncogene Transcript

The c-fos proto-oncogene transcript is targeted for rapid decay in mammalian fibroblasts by two mRNA degradation pathways. Each of these pathways recognizes a distinct, functionally independent element within the c-fos message. One determinant of c-fos mRNA instability is an AU-rich element within the c-fos 3′ untranslated region. The other is located within the protein-coding region of the message. The existence of two pathways for rapid degradation of c-fos mRNA may be important for ensuring tight regulation of c-fos gene expression.
The use of natural ingredients in innovative Korean cosmeceuticals

BACKGROUND The cosmeceutical industry is an ever-growing and in demand market, especially in Asia. Korea has been on the forefront of creating the newest generation and most innovative cosmeceuticals products including ingredients such as snail secretions, starfish powder, botanical extracts, green tea, and red ginseng. Given their increasing prevalence in the cosmeceutical industry, scientists have been conducting investigations into these extracts and their properties. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current literature surrounding multiple natural ingredients found in Korean cosmeceutical products. METHODS A review of the literature surrounding natural ingredients found in Korean cosmeceuticals was conducted using PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine). RESULTS Multiple natural extracts have been found to have antiaging, antitumor, and antimelanogenic effects making them useful additives in current cosmeceutical products. CONCLUSION With the public's increasing awareness of cosmeceutical products, it is important for physicians to understand the properties of these extracts in order to inform patients correctly and ensure patient safety.
QUENCHED-IN LATTICE DEFECTS IN GRAPHITE*

Lattice defects introduced in graphite crystals by irradiation can be identified even in low concentrations by the surface markings produced by catalytic oxidation. These defects facilitate the penetration of iron catalysts along the c-axis of the crystals heated in oxygen at 700°C, thus producing readily identifiable pits. The catalyst does not produce such pits in the absence of lattice defects. The lattice defect responsible for this effect is believed to be the vacancy. Heat treatment of graphite crystals is also found to have a marked effect on the mechanism of subsequent catalytic oxidation. Pit formation is observed in crystals which have been heated to 2300–2500°C or in those which were cooled slowly from higher temperatures. No pit formation is observed in crystals quenched from temperatures above 2700°C or in those found in nature and given no heat treatment. The kinetics of the process imply the presence of two kinds of lattice defects at high temperatures.
Cardiovascular Imaging Payment and Reimbursement Systems: Understanding the Past and Present in Order to Guide the Future

Uncertainty regarding the future of cardiovascular (CV) services and reimbursement systems in this era of rapid change in health care delivery may lead to further confusion among imagers. This article provides a brief history of national payment and reimbursement systems, and discusses potential changes that will impact CV imaging in the coming years. Data over the last decade are presented on payment and utilization of services to demonstrate the impact of reimbursement reforms and education on imaging use.
1-OR: HLA TYPING OF DNA FROM BUCCAL SWAB AND DRIED BLOOD SAMPLES FOLLOWING PROLONGED STORAGE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Aim After transition to buccal swabs (SWs) for Be The Match Registry® recruitment activities in 2006, a study was initiated to evaluate the long-term stability of three sample types: frozen whole blood, whole blood spotted on filter paper (FP), and SW. Samples were analyzed for quality and quantity of DNA and accuracy of HLA typing. Data obtained from the first 5 years of the study are presented. Methods Fresh blood and SWs were collected from 30 volunteers with confirmed HLA typing. Fresh blood was stored as 1ml frozen aliquots and 75uL aliquots on FP. SWs and FP were stored at room temperature under controlled conditions. Samples were sent to 2 labs for testing at 6 time points (TP) immediately post collection and at one year storage intervals. Lab 1 performed high resolution HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 via SBT. Lab 2 performed intermediate resolution HLA-A, B, C and DRB1 via SSO and evaluated the quantity/quality of DNA within each sample. Results SSO and SBT HLA results were accurate at all loci through the 4 year TP. At 5 year TP, SSO results were 100% accurate, whereas SBT results were 99.4% accurate for FP and 97.3% for SWs. One FP and 4 SWs had amp failure, 5 SWs had allele drop-out and 1 SW had both. 19 FP and SW samples required repeat testing at multiple loci to obtain accurate HLA results. Sufficient DNA for HLA testing was extracted from all samples at all time points. DNA quality from frozen whole blood remained high thru year 5. DNA quality consistently decreased for the FP starting at the 3 year TP, 1 year TP for SWs. Conclusions Room temp storage of SWs and FP allows for DNA degradation, creating HLA testing inaccuracies and inefficiencies. Specifically, shorter amplicons were required to achieve accurate SBT results, though failures still persisted. DNA degradation did not affect SSO typing. Buccal swabs are a cost effective and efficient mechanism for registry DNA sample collection and storage, but shelf-life at room temperature is limited for Sanger SBT HLA typing method.
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Aldehydes and Alkynes

The nickel-catalyzed coupling of aldehydes and alkynes has evolved into a broadly useful procedure for the preparation of allylic alcohols. An overview of the many variants of the process, illustrations of complex synthetic applications, and a discussion of mechanism is provided. Additionally, a brief summary of mechanistically related nickel-catalyzed processes as well as a description of alternate strategies for the reductive coupling of aldehydes and alkynes using other metals is provided.
A community needs assessment among Asian American elders.

Despite a significant increase in the size of the Asian American elderly population, little is known about their social service needs and the level of service being provided them. This study used a survey methodology to examine all Asian American senior programs (N = 20) in a major American metropolitan region. The response rate was 90% with respondent agencies serving as the unit of analysis. Findings suggest that Asian elderly clients were primarily women and 'old-old', and that many of them were on SSI. Services provided were primarily tangible and facilitative, rather than clinical. Services needed but not provided were emergency psychiatric care, home attendants, home-delivered meals, legal services, medical services, and protective services. Findings of this study provide useful information for further research and program planning for Asian American elders in urban settings.
UAS Detection, Classification, and Tracking in Urban Terrain

This paper develops a method for detection, classification, and tracking of small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in urban environments using a FMCW radar. UAS detection and classification is a major challenge in urban environments due to multipath, low SNRs, and multiple targets such as birds, people, and cars that could trigger a detection. This paper proposes using several features extracted from filtered micro-Doppler signatures to perform binary classification of UAS vs non-UAS targets. Prior to feature extraction and classification a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is used to find potential targets. Post classification, the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF) is used for tracking. Real data results that include several different UAS are presented.
Polypharmacy and Depressive Symptoms in U.S.-Born Mexican American Older Adults.

Background: Although some studies have suggested a link between polypharmacy and poor mental health, less is known about the association between polypharmacy and depressive symptomology among U.S.-born older Mexican Americans. Aim: This study aimed to test the association between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms in U.S.-born older Latino Americans. Materials and methods: Data came from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA 2008). A total of 691 U.S.-born older (age >= 65) Mexican Americans entered this analysis. Polypharmacy was the independent variable. Level of depressive symptoms was the outcome. Age, gender, socioeconomic status (education, income, and employment), retirement status, health (chronic medical conditions, self-rated health, and activities of daily living), language, acculturation, and smoking were the covariates. A linear regression model was used to analyze the data. Results: We found a positive association between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms, which was above and beyond demographic factors, socioeconomic status, physical health, health behaviors, language, acculturation, and health insurance. Conclusion: Polypharmacy is linked to depressive symptoms in U.S.-born older Mexican Americans. More research is needed to test the effects of reducing inappropriate polypharmacy on mental well-being of first and second generation older Mexican Americans. There is also a need to study the role of drug-drug interaction in explaining the observed link between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms.
Orchard recycling improves climate change adaptation and mitigation potential of almond production systems

There is an urgent need to develop climate smart agroecosystems capable of mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects. In California, high commodity prices and increased frequency of drought have encouraged orchard turnover, providing an opportunity to recycle tree biomass in situ prior to replanting an orchard. Whole orchard recycling (WOR) has potential as a carbon (C) negative cultural practice to build soil C storage, soil health, and orchard productivity. We tested the potential of this practice for long term C sequestration and hypothesized that associated co-benefits to soil health will enhance sustainability and resiliency of almond orchards to water-deficit conditions. We measured soil health metrics and productivity of an almond orchard following grinding and incorporation of woody biomass vs. burning of old orchard biomass 9 years after implementation. We also conducted a deficit irrigation trial with control and deficit irrigation (-20%) treatments to quantify shifts in tree water status and resilience. Biomass recycling led to higher yields and substantial improvement in soil functioning, including nutrient content, aggregation, porosity, and water retention. This practice also sequestered significantly higher levels of C in the topsoil (+5 t ha-1) compared to burning. We measured a 20% increase in irrigation water use efficiency and improved soil and tree water status under stress, suggesting that in situ biomass recycling can be considered as a climate smart practice in California irrigated almond systems.
Polynomial Roots with Common Tails

How many irreducible polynomials have real roots which, when expressed as simple continued fractions, all have common tails? We show how to identify all such polynomials (they have degree at most s...
Methods for assessing heat stress in preweaned dairy calves exposed to chronic heat stress or continuous cooling

Although dairy calves are more thermotolerant relative to mature cows, they are still susceptible to heat stress, as demonstrated by elevated physiological responses and reduced feed intake under high ambient temperature and relative humidity. However, indicators of heat stress have not been well-characterized in calves. Herein, we evaluated associations between environmental and thermoregulatory and productive animal-based indicators of heat stress in dairy calves exposed to chronic heat stress or continuous cooling in a subtropical climate. Holstein calves were exposed to heat stress (HT; shade of barn, n = 24) or continuous cooling (CL; shade of barn plus 2 fans, n = 24) from 2 to 42 d of age. Environmental indices, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), and wind speed, and animal-based indices, including respiration (RR), heart rate (HR), rectal (RT), and skin temperature (ST) were recorded thrice daily (0900, 1300, and 1900 h). Milk replacer (MI) and grain intakes were recorded daily from 15 to 42 d of age. Using segmented regression models, we then estimated THI thresholds for significant changes in physiological responses. We found a strong, positive correlation between animal-based indicators (except for HR, MI, and grain intakes) and ambient temperature and THI, with the highest correlation obtained with ST and THI (r ≥ 0.72). Ambient temperature and ST and ambient temperature or THI and MI were the only correlations that differed between treatments. The coefficient of determination (R2) obtained from regression analyses to model animal-based indicators was substantially improved by the inclusion of environmental indicators, with the greatest improvement achieved with THI. Overall, continuous cooling by fans promoted calf heat loss as CL calves had lower RR, RT, ST, and higher feed intake compared with HT calves. Temperature-humidity index breakpoints could be determined for RT (THI = 67), RR (THI = 65), and MI (THI = 82) in HT calves, and only for RR (THI = 69) in CL calves. Skin temperature variables had no detectable breakpoints in either treatment due to the strong linear relationship to THI. Collectively, our results suggest that ST is appropriate to estimate chronic heat stress and that THI is the best environmental indicator of heat stress in dairy calves raised in a shaded, subtropical environment. At a practical level, calves should be closely monitored when THI reaches 65 to 69 to minimize the risk of heat stress-related impairments.
Field-Deployable Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Dual-Comb Spectrometer with Multi-Pass Cell Module

Multi-pass cell extractive sensing function is integrated into a field-deployable mid-infrared quantum-cascade-laser based dual comb stand-off spectrometer. The multi-pass cell allows for field-deployable high-sensitivity extractive point sensing and for conducting controlled experiments for system calibration.
Methane–oxygen detonation characteristics at elevated pre-detonation pressures

Abstract The detonation characteristics of methane–oxygen mixtures at pre-detonation pressures of 101–1,013 kPa were investigated in a detonation tube. Both pure methane–oxygen mixtures and mixtures with argon dilution were explored. Measurements made include cell sizes via soot foil, wave speed via high speed ion probes / pressure transducers, and temperature / H2O molar concentration profiles via 100 kHz absorption spectroscopy. Measured cell widths agreed with predicted cell widths based on a ZND length correlation. In addition, the power law fit of cell width with pre-detonation pressure agreed with previous data at less than 101 kPa. Measured detonation wave speeds agreed within 3% of Chapmen-Jouguet for all cases. H2O molar density and temperature were successfully captured up to 507 kPa. However, above 507 kPa pre-detonation pressure, low signal to noise ratio and poor spectral fits at the extreme conditions of the von Neumann spike resulted in unacceptable uncertainty. These results provide a unique dataset to validate kinetics models and high-fidelity computation fluid dynamics codes for methane-oxygen detonations at elevated pre-detonation pressures relevant to rotating detonation rocket engines.
A Human Rights Approach to Consumer Credit

As consumer credit and its attendant problems have exploded around the globe, consumer protection has been the dominant, if not exclusive, framework for mitigating risks to the consumer. Historically, consumer protection work in the consumer credit context has focused on “leveling the playing field” between debtors and creditors by preventing fraud and ensuring proper disclosure. Certain types of loans are now subject to substantive restrictions, such as the new Dodd-Frank regulations requiring mortgage lenders to ensure that borrowers have the ability to repay high cost mortgages. Despite these important advances, some critical gaps remain. Predatory lending continues to be a significant problem. In addition, even in circumstances where there are effective disclosures and absent predatory behavior, consumers can find themselves financially distressed as a result of onerous debt obligations. In particular, the current approach does not effectively address situations in which a debtor’s desperation renders her willing to accept credit on whatever terms it is offered. This paper suggests that a human rights framework can provide a complementary overlay to the consumer protection approach to consumer credit. Far from supplanting the consumer protection framework, human rights principles can bolster and complement consumer protection work. Human rights principles can establish a universal floor of protection that prevents a race to the bottom and cannot be circumvented on economic efficiency grounds. I propose a specific example of a consumer credit regulation based on human rights: namely, states should not enforce a consumer credit contract if, at the time of the contract, it was substantially likely that the contract would render the debtor unable to meet his or her basic needs.
Impact of COVID-19 social distancing regulations on outpatient diagnostic imaging volumes and no-show rates.

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted outpatient radiology practices, necessitating change in practice infrastructure and workflow. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of social distancing regulations on 1) outpatient imaging volume and 2) no-show rates per imaging modality. Methods Volume and no-show rates of a large, multicenter metropolitan healthcare system outpatient practice were retrospectively stratified by modality including radiography, CT, MRI, ultrasonography, PET, DEXA, and mammography from January 2 to July 21, 2020. Trends were assessed relative to timepoints of significant state and local social distancing regulatory changes. Results The decline in imaging volume and rise in no-show rates was first noted on March 10, 2020 following the declaration of a state of emergency in New York State (NYS). Total outpatient imaging volume declined 85% from baseline over the following 5 days. Decreases varied by modality: 88% for radiography, 75% for CT, 73% for MR, 61% for PET, 80% for ultrasonography, 90% for DEXA, and 85% for mammography. Imaging volume and no-show rate recovery preceded the mask mandate of April 15, 2020, and further trended along with New York City's reopening phases. No-show rates recovered within 2 months of the height of the pandemic, however, outpatient imaging volume has yet to recover to baseline after 3 months. Conclusion The total outpatient imaging volume declined alongside an increase in the no-show rate following the declaration of a state of emergency in NYS. No-show rates recovered within 2 months of the height of the pandemic with imaging volume yet to recover after 3 months. Clinical impact Understanding the impact of social distancing regulations on outpatient imaging volume and no-show rates can potentially aid other outpatient radiology practices and healthcare systems in anticipating upcoming changes as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves.
Rethinking Text Line Recognition Models.

In this paper, we study the problem of text line recognition. Unlike most approaches targeting specific domains such as scene-text or handwritten documents, we investigate the general problem of developing a universal architecture that can extract text from any image, regardless of source or input modality. We consider two decoder families (Connectionist Temporal Classification and Transformer) and three encoder modules (Bidirectional LSTMs, Self-Attention, and GRCLs), and conduct extensive experiments to compare their accuracy and performance on widely used public datasets of scene and handwritten text. We find that a combination that so far has received little attention in the literature, namely a Self-Attention encoder coupled with the CTC decoder, when compounded with an external language model and trained on both public and internal data, outperforms all the others in accuracy and computational complexity. Unlike the more common Transformer-based models, this architecture can handle inputs of arbitrary length, a requirement for universal line recognition. Using an internal dataset collected from multiple sources, we also expose the limitations of current public datasets in evaluating the accuracy of line recognizers, as the relatively narrow image width and sequence length distributions do not allow to observe the quality degradation of the Transformer approach when applied to the transcription of long lines.
Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout

Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are the most easily accessible bodies in the solar system, and detections of NEAs are expected to grow exponentially in the near future, offering increasing target opportunities. As NASA continues to refine its plans to possibly explore these small worlds with human explorers, initial reconnaissance with comparatively inexpensive robotic precursors is necessary. Obtaining and analyzing relevant data about these bodies via robotic precursors before committing a crew to visit a NEA will significantly minimize crew and mission risk, as well as maximize exploration return potential. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are jointly examining a potential mission concept, tentatively called 'NEAScout,' utilizing a low-cost platform such as CubeSat in response to the current needs for affordable missions with exploration science value. The NEAScout mission concept would be treated as a secondary payload on the Space Launch System (SLS) Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1), the first planned flight of the SLS and the second un-crewed test flight of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV).
A Comparison of the Clinical, Viral, Pathologic, and Immunologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Diseases.

CONTEXT.— The purpose of this review was to compare 3 coronavirus diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, respectively. OBJECTIVE.— To cover the following topics: clinical considerations, viral characteristics, pathology, immune response, pathogenesis, and the prognosis associated with each coronavirus disease in humans. DATA SOURCES.— Clinically, flu-like symptoms are usual at the time of presentation for all 3 diseases, but these vary from asymptomatic to severe multisystem involvement. The pathology associated with symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID-19 has been well described, the most prominent of which is diffuse alveolar damage. The immune response to each of these viruses is highly complex and includes both humoral and cellular components that can have a significant impact on prognosis. In severe cases of COVID-19, a dysregulated innate host immune system can initiate a hyperinflammatory syndrome dominated by endothelial dysfunction that can lead to a hypercoagulable state with microthrombi, resulting in a systemic microvascular and macrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS.— The severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome epidemics have been limited, involving approximately 8000 and 2500 individuals, respectively. In contrast, COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic with more than 177 million cases and 3.9 million deaths as of June 15, 2021, and fatality rates ranging from less than 0.1% to approximately 10% depending upon the country. Ending on a positive note, the development of a number of vaccines, at least 6 of which now are in clinical use, should mitigate and eventually control the devastating COVID-19 pandemic.
The Microtubule Associated Protein Tau Regulates KIF1A Pausing Behavior and Motility

ABSTRACT Many neurodegenerative diseases result from dysfunction of axonal transport, a highly regulated cellular process responsible for site-specific neuronal cargo delivery. The kinesin-3 family member KIF1A is a key mediator of this process by facilitating long-distance cargo delivery in a spatiotemporally regulated manner. While misregulation of KIF1A cargo delivery is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for KIF1A cargo transport are largely unexplored. Our lab has recently characterized a mechanism for a unique pausing behavior of KIF1A in between processive segments on the microtubule. This behavior, mediated through an interaction between the KIF1A K-loop and the polyglutamylated C-terminal tails of tubulin, helps us further understand how KIF1A conducts long-range cargo transport. However, how this pausing behavior is influenced by other regulatory factors on the microtubule is an unexplored concept. The microtubule associated protein Tau is one potential regulator, as altered Tau function is a pathological marker in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, while the effect of Tau on kinesin-1 and -2 has been extensively characterized, its role in regulating KIF1A transport is greatly unexplored at the behavioral level. Using single-molecule imaging, we have identified Tau-mediated regulation of KIF1A pausing behavior and motility. Specifically, our findings imply a competitive interaction between Tau and KIF1A for the C-terminal tails of tubulin. We introduce a new mechanism of Tau-mediated kinesin regulation by inhibiting the ability of KIF1A to use C-terminal tail reliant pauses to connect multiple processive segments into a longer run length. Moreover, we have correlated this regulatory mechanism to the behavioral dynamics of Tau, further elucidating the function of Tau diffusive and static behavioral state on the microtubule surface. In summary, we introduce a new mechanism of Tau-mediated motility regulation, providing insight on how disruptions in axonal transport can lead to disease state pathology. SIGNIFICANCE KIF1A mediated cargo transport is essential in many cellular processes such as axonal transport and neuronal development. Defects in KIF1A transport have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. However, the mechanism of KIF1A’s pathological misregulation remains elusive, highlighting the importance of identifying regulators of KIF1A function. The microtubule associated protein Tau is an attractive potential regulator of KIF1A motility as Tau dysfunction is a hallmark of these neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate a direct connection between Tau and KIF1A motility, revealing a unique form of Tau-mediated regulation of axonal transport. Our results provide a molecular foundation for understanding the role of motor protein misregulation in neurodegenerative disease progression.
The link between food insecurity and psychological distress: The role of stress exposure and coping resources.

This study examines the association between food insecurity and mental health over a 3-year period. It also assesses the salience of life stressors and psychosocial coping resources for this association. We utilize data from a two-wave community survey of Miami-Dade County, Florida residents (N = 1488). Findings from SEM analysis reveal that greater food insecurity at W1 is associated with greater depressive symptoms at W2, lending credence to characterizations of food insecurity as a chronic stressor. This association is partly mediated by variation over the study period in social support and mastery. However, no significant mediating effects are observed for the social stress indicators assessed. Food insecurity is associated with diminished psychosocial coping resources, which leads to greater psychological distress. We discuss how these findings extend a stress and coping model of food insecurity, and implications for research and practice.
Wireless Web Development with PHP and WAP

From the contents: Introduction to Wireless Development * Client-Server Interaction * Clients and Servers * The HyperText Transfer Protocol * Passive and Active Servers * Markup Languages * History * Building Blocks * Wireless Development * The Web from a Wireless Perspective * The Wireless Application Protocol * Software Development * The Software Life Cycle * Concepts in Software Development * The Application * The Problem * The Solution.
Introduction and Definition

Historically, definitions of purpose have varied. Philosophers, religious leaders, lay people, and psychological researchers have all posited influential definitions. Typically these definitions share three components, including commitment, goal-directedness, and personal meaningfulness. In short, a purpose in life represents a personally meaningful commitment to a long-term aspiration. Recently a new definition of the construct was proposed to reflect the growing consensus around what a purpose was, to align with lay conceptions of the construct, and to differentiate the construct from meaning in life. This definition includes a critical beyond-the-self component. Individuals who strive for a purpose in life hold aspirations that are not merely self-serving, but instead are meaningful in part because they allow the individual to make a personally meaningful difference in the broader world. This beyond-the-self definition has been widely used in more recent research on the construct. In addition to explaining this definition more completely, Chap. 1 also discusses philosophers’ and historical conceptions of the construct and the integral role of purpose in varied frameworks and theories of optimal human functioning. Finally, Chap. 1 concludes with a chapter-by-chapter outline of the book’s aims and content.
Chapter 38 Narcotics and Analgesics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Narcotics and Analgesics. Among natural products there is none which performs this function as surely and as dramatically as does morphine. Unfortunately morphine elicits other reactions, many of them undesirable ones, and it is therefore little wonder that it has been subjected to an investigational scrutiny unequalled in science. The administration of morphine is followed by a series of complex events. Analgesia, euphoria, addiction, and respiratory depression are stressed in the literature, but if morphine had only its effect on carbohydrate metabolism it would rank with insulin and phloridzin in interest; if it had only its effect on smooth muscle it would rank with pilocarpine and physostigmine; and if it had only its effect on gastric secretion and salivation it would rank with histamine.
Convergence of alternating optimization

Let f : Rs → R be a real-valued function, and let x = (x1,...,xs)T ∈ Rs be partitioned into t subsets of non-overlapping variables as x = (X1,...,Xt)T, with Xi ∈ Rpi for i = 1,...,t, Σi=1tpi = s. Alternating optimization (AO) is an iterative procedure for minimizing f(x) = f(X1, X2,..., Xt) jointly over all variables by alternating restricted minimizations over the individual subsets of variables X1,...., Xt. Alternating optimization has been (more or less) studied and used in a wide variety of areas. Here a self-contained and general convergence theory is presented that is applicable to all partitionings of x. Under reasonable assumptions, the general AO approach is shown to be locally, q-linearly convergent, and to also exhibit a type of global convergence.
Further Studies of the Influence of Diet on Radiosensitivity of Guinea Pigs, with Special Reference to Broccoli and Alfalfa

Earlier studies showed that supplementation of a bran and oats diet with cabbage decreased the radiosensitivity of guinea pigs. Attempts were made to elucidate the dietary factors conferring radioprotection on guinea pigs. After maintenance on various diets, they were exposed to 350rad of Co/sup 60/ gamma radiation or 400-r of x radiation. Whole-body exposure to either x or gamma radiation resulted in almost total mortality within 10 to 15 days among young guinea pigs fed a basal diet of bran and oats plus ascorbic acid. It was shown that supplementation with alfalfa, broccoli, and other plant materials high in content of BETA -carotene, for 2 weeks before irradiation and during 20 to 30 days after irradiation, consistently reduced mortality. Other diets showed marginal or no beneficial effects. Supplementation of the bran-oats diet with pure vitamin A or BETA -carotene extended survival time but did not appreciably influence radiationinduced mortality. Guinea pigs fed an adequate purified diet were more resistant to radiation injury than those given the bran-oats basal diet. Supplementation of the adequate purified diet with broccoli or alfalfa did not constently affect radiosensitivity under these conditions. The beneficial effect of raw broccoli could not be duplicated by feeding themore » bran-oats diet supplemented with a mixture of 48 chemically pure ingredients patterned upon the composition of broccoli. The radioprotective agent in alfalfa is water-soluble and is destroyed upon ashing. Two hynotheses are offered to account for these responses. First, the bran-oats diet may impose a requirement which does not exist with the purified diet, either due to the presence of some substance detrimental to absorption or to a specific nutrient imbalance. Alternatively, an unrecognized essential substance may be provided by both green plant materials and some ingredient of the purified diet. (H.H.D.)« less
A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models

[1] We conduct a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of similarities and differences between recent seismic tomography models of the Earth's mantle in an attempt to determine a benchmark for geodynamic interpretation. After a spherical harmonic expansion, we find the spectral power and radial correlation of each tomographic model as a function of depth and harmonic degree. We then calculate the correlation, at the same depths and degrees, between all possible pairs of models, to identify stable and model-dependent features (the former being usually of longer spatial wavelength than the latter). We can therefore evaluate the degree of robust structure that seismologists have mapped so far and proceed to calculate ad hoc mean reference models. Tomographic models are furthermore compared with two geodynamic subduction models that are based on plate motion reconstructions. We find systematically low intermediate-wavelength correlation between tomography and convective reconstruction models and suggest that the inadequate treatment of the details of slab advection is responsible. However, we confirm the presence of stable, slab-like fast anomalies in the mid-mantle whose geographic pattern naturally associates them with subduction. This finding, in addition to our analysis of heterogeneity spectra and the absence of strong minima in the radial correlation functions besides the one at ~700 km, supports the idea of whole mantle convection with slab penetration through the 660 km phase transition, possibly accompanied by a reorganization of flow.
Infrared spectra of high polymers: Part IX. Polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract Infrared spectra of polyethylene terephthalate and three of its deuterated analogs have been obtained in the region of 70 to 3600 cm−1, polarized spectra having been obtained down to 330 cm−1. On the basis of analysis of the predicted spectrum, and with the aid of data from benzene and substituted benzenes, a complete assignment of the spectrum has been made. This assignment suggests a modification of the proposed chain structure of this polymer. It also leads to the conclusion that the changes in the spectrum which occur upon crystallization of the polymer are not associated with different isomeric forms of the OCH2CH2O portion of the chain, but rather with changes in the symmetry and resonance characteristics of the substituted benzenoid ring frame-work.
Effects of chemical pressure on the magnetic ground states of the osmate double perovskites SrCaCoOs O 6 and C a 2 CoOs O 6

The magnetic ground state in the double perovskite system $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ changes from an antiferromagnet $(x=0)$, to a spin glass $(x=1)$, to a ferrimagnet $(x=2)$ as the Ca content increases. This crossover is driven by chemical pressure effects that control the relative strength of magnetic exchange interactions. The synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetism of $\mathrm{SrCaCoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ are investigated and compared with $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$. Both compounds adopt a monoclinic crystal structure with rock-salt ordering of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{s}}^{6+}$ and ${a}^{\ensuremath{-}}{a}^{\ensuremath{-}}{b}^{+}$ octahedral tilting, but the average Co--O--Os bond angle evolves from $158.0{(3)}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ in $\mathrm{SrCaCoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ to $150.54{(9)}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ in $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ as the smaller $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}^{2+}$ ion replaces $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}^{2+}$. While this change may seem minor, it has a profound effect on the magnetism, changing the magnetic ground state from antiferromagnetic in $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ $({T}_{\mathrm{N}1}=108\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, ${T}_{\mathrm{N}2}=70\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$, to a spin glass in $\mathrm{SrCaCoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ $({T}_{\mathrm{f}1}=32\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, ${T}_{\mathrm{f}2}=13\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$, to ferrimagnetic in $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{CoOs}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ $({T}_{\mathrm{C}}=145\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. In the first two compounds the observation of two transitions is consistent with weak coupling between the Co and Os sublattices.
Estimation of blood cellular heterogeneity in newborns and children for epigenome-wide association studies.

Confounding by cellular heterogeneity has become a major concern for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in peripheral blood samples from population and clinical studies. Adjusting for white blood cell percentage estimates produced by the minfi implementation of the Houseman algorithm (minfi) during statistical analysis is now an established method to account for this bias in adults. However, minfi has not been benchmarked against white blood cell counts in children that may differ substantially from the reference dataset used in its estimation. We compared estimates of white blood cell type percentages produced by two methods, minfi and differential cell count (DCC), in a birth cohort at two time points (birth and 12 years of age). We found that both minfi and DCC had similar trends as children aged, and neither count method differed by sex among newborns (P > 0.10). However, minfi estimates did not correlate well with DCC in samples from newborns (ρ = −0.05 for granulocytes; ρ = −0.03 for lymphocytes). In older children, correlation improved substantially (ρ = 0.77 for granulocytes; ρ = 0.75 for lymphocytes), likely due to increasing similarity with minfi's adult reference data as children aged. Our findings suggest that the minfi method may provide suitable estimates of white blood cell composition for samples from adults and older children, but may not currently be appropriate for EWAS involving newborns or young children. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Media Review: BIG MAMA, produced and directed by Tracey Seretean

This is a love story of an 89 year old woman, Viola Dees, and her nine year old grandson, Walter. Like some love stories, it involves tenderness and caring couched within a larger tragedy. Winner o...
Communicating Affection: BENEFITS OF EXPRESSING AND RECEIVING AFFECTION

Affection is responsible for nine-tenths of whatever solid and durable happiness there is in our lives. – C. S. Lewis Thus far in this book, the focus has been on the process of affectionate communication: how it is encoded, how it is decoded, and how it is responded to. In this and the subsequent chapter, the focus will instead be on the outcomes (or, in many cases, the potential outcomes ) of communicating affection: the benefits of giving and receiving affection, and the various risks of giving and receiving affection. Nearly every other topic addressed thus far in this book has received more research attention than have the benefits and risks of affectionate behavior. Various lines of research offer much to draw on, however, and this chapter will address two fundamental questions. First, what are the benefits associated with affectionate communication? This chapter will engage this question first by examining research on the individual and relational benefits of receiving affectionate messages and then by examining the benefits of giving affection to others. The second, and perhaps more provocative, question, is: why is affectionate communication beneficial? To address this question, this chapter reviews research and theory on the physical and social dimensions of affection (or at least, on what they may be ) that can provide convincing and empirically testable answers. I will return to this topic in later chapters by suggesting that this will be one of the most important areas for future research on affectionate communication to address.
Tackling Permanent Faults in the Network-on-Chip Router Pipeline

The proliferation of multi-core and many-core chips for performance scaling is making the Network-on-Chip (NoC) occupy a growing amount of silicon area spanning several metal layers. The NoC is neither immune to hard faults and transient faults nor unaffected by the adverse increase in hard faults caused by technology scaling. The ramifications for the NoC are immense: a single fault in the NoC may paralyze the working of the entire chip. To this end, we propose a Permanent Fault Tolerant Router (PFTR) that is capable of tolerating multiple permanent faults in the pipeline. PFTR is designed by making architectural modifications to individual pipeline stages of the baseline NoC router. These architectural modifications involve adding minimum extra circuitry and exploiting temporal parallelism to accomplish fault tolerance. Tolerance of multiple faults is achieved by striking a balance between three important design factors namely, area overhead, power overhead and reliability. We use Silicon Protection Factor (SPF) as the reliability metric to assess the reliability improvement of the proposed architecture. SPF takes into account the number of faults required to cause failure and the area overhead of the additional circuitry to evaluate reliability. SPF calculation reveals that the proposed PFTR is 11 times more reliable than the baseline NoC router. Synthesis results using Cadence Encounter RTL Compiler at 45nm technology show that the additional circuitry adds an area overhead of 31% and power overhead of 30% with respect to the baseline NoC router. PFTR provides much better reliability with much less overhead as compared to other fault tolerant routers such as BulletProof, Vicis and RoCo [15].
MULTIPLE ATTRACTORS AND PERIODIC TRANSIENTS IN SYNCHRONIZED NONLINEAR CIRCUITS

Abstract I study a pair of synchronized nonlinear circuits which may be periodic or chaotic. The circuits are synchronized by a one-way driving signal from the drive circuit to the response circuit. Because the nonlinearities are symmetric about zero, the drive circuit has two periodic attractors. When the value of a bifurcation parameter is above a certain threshold, the response circuit also has two periodic attractors, one in-sync with the drive and one out-of-sync. Below the threshold, the drive circuit still has two attractors but the response circuit has only one attractor, the in-sync attractor. If the response circuit is started in the basin of attraction of the former out-of-sync attractor, a long periodic transient (many cycles long) is seen.