cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The NPS Modeling, Virtual Environments & Simulation (MOVES) Program — Entertainment Research Directions

The National Research Council report entitled ”Modeling and Simulation — Linking Entertainment and Defense” described a basic and applied research agenda applicable to both the virtual reality and entertainment research communities. The Naval Postgraduate School has developed an educational and research program in support of the report’s agenda with foci on technologies for immersion (low-cost 3D image generation, spatial tracking, game platform utilization, multimodal sensory presentation), networked simulation (high bandwidth networks, dynamically extensible network software architectures, area of interest management, techniques for latency reduction, standards for interoperability), and computer-generated autonomy (agent-based simulation, adaptability, learning, human behavior representations). In the presentation, we examine the future of networked entertainment and its requirements also useful for modeling, virtual environments and simulation. We then look at some particular efforts being carried out by the Naval Postgraduate School’s Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES) Academic Group.
The University of Vienna Philosophical Society

In a sense clubs and societies were to many late 19th century Europeans what television and computers have become for most denizens of our fast developing electronic age. There were scores of intellectual societies, but comparatively few of them were formal, few kept full records, and few have been anything like as influential in their day or later as the Philosophische Gesellschaft an der Universitat Wien.1 Indeed, for thirty-four years, that is, from 1888 to 1922, the centerpiece of reflective Vienna would remain the University of Vienna Philosophical Society, nor did it finally expire until 1938 and the Hitler Anschluss.
Infrequent Occurrence of Peach Skin Streaking and the Role of Rainwater Attributes on Symptom Development.

Streaks lacking pigmentation have impacted red blush cultivars of peaches in many East Coast production areas, but the underlying cause is still unclear. Some evidence suggests that streaking may be caused by reactive agents in rainwater. Peach skin streaking was monitored over two consecutive years at a commercial farm with a history of streaking problems located near Ridge Spring, SC. Six cultivars (two early season, two midseason, and two late season) were evaluated, each in two locations (LocA and LocB). Among those 12 experimental block cultivars, streaking occurred only in 2017 in cv. Scarletprince of LocA with an incidence of 6%. That same year two nearby nonexperimental blocks with 'Scarletprince' revealed 11 and 25% streaking. Streaking was also monitored at the Musser Fruit Research Center (MFRC) in Seneca, SC. At that location, a high incidence of streaking was observed, with 50 and 64% in 'Julyprince' (2017) and 'Carored' (2018), respectively. Rainwater pH taken from each of the 12 experimental blocks ranged from 3.03 to 7.4, ozone (O3) levels ranged from 0.37 mg/liter, and EC values of up to 3,000 µS/cm did not produce symptoms. However, streaking was reproduced with collected rainwater, but the remaining sample volume did not allow further analyses. Using 0.05% ClO2 to induce streaking, we show that fruit of different cultivars varied in susceptibility when treated 1 week prior to commercial maturity, with 'Juneflame' being the most susceptible and 'August Lady' being the least susceptible. Our study shows that multiple factors determine the occurrence of streaking in peach orchards, including cultivar susceptibility, ripening stage, and the presence of rainwater with sufficient amounts of a yet unknown reactive agent or agent combination.
Monitoring Surgical Incision Sites in Orthopedic Patients Using an Online Physician-Patient Messaging Platform.

Abstract Background Prompt identification and treatment of wound complications is essential after joint arthroplasty, but emergency department and office visits for urgent evaluation of normal incisions are a source of unnecessary cost. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of an online image messaging platform for remote monitoring of surgical incision sites. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 1434 hip and knee arthroplasty patients who registered for an online platform in the perioperative period. We reviewed images sent by patients to evaluate potential wound abnormalities. Medical records were reviewed to determine whether assessments based on wound photographs corresponded with subsequent in-person findings and ultimate disposition. Results Four hundred thirty patients (42%) sent at least one text or image message to their provider. Elimination of redundant images resulted in 104 image encounters, with 76 discrete encounters in 41 patients related to the surgical wound. Most showed normal wound appearance; patients were reassured and urgent visits were avoided. At scheduled in-person follow-up, none of these patients demonstrated unrecognized wound complications. Seventeen image encounters in 7 patients showed possible wound abnormalities. These prompted in-person follow-up on average less than 1 day later for 4 issues deemed urgent (2 patients received surgical treatment) and 5 days later for issues deemed nonurgent. Photos were also used to monitor abnormal wounds over time and to send information unrelated to wounds. Conclusion Utilization of an online physician-patient messaging platform can prevent unnecessary visits for normal appearing wounds, while facilitating rapid in-person treatment of wound complications.
“Don’t pack a pest”: parts, wholes, and the porosity of food borders

Food retailers, restaurateurs and transnational families rely on continual border-crossings for the global circulation of foodstuffs. Those crossings are highly regulated. Not everything gets in. T...
Nuclear localization of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer circulating tumor cells from men who have failed androgen deprivation therapy.

e22141 Background: Prostate cancer (PRCA) is driven by the Androgen Receptor (AR), a cytoplasmic protein that translocates to the nucleus to activate a transcriptional program critical to PRCA tumo...
SYSTEMIC VENTRICULARIZATION: AN UNUSUAL FINDING IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

Ventricularization of the right atrium (RA) is an uncommon presentation of severe tricuspid regurgitation (STR) but systemic ventricularization (SV), transmission of right ventricular pressure into systemic veins, is a rare finding. A 70-year-old female with history of heart failure with preserved
Delegating strategic decision-making to machines: Dr. Strangelove Redux?

Will the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in strategic decision-making be stabilizing or destabilizing? What are the risks and trade-offs of pre-delegating military force to machines? How might ...
Soundr: Head Position and Orientation Prediction Using a Microphone Array

Although state-of-the-art smart speakers can hear a user's speech, unlike a human assistant these devices cannot figure out users' verbal references based on their head location and orientation. Soundr presents a novel interaction technique that leverages the built-in microphone array found in most smart speakers to infer the user's spatial location and head orientation using only their voice. With that extra information, Soundr can figure out users references to objects, people, and locations based on the speakers' gaze, and also provide relative directions. To provide training data for our neural network, we collected 751 minutes of data (50x that of the best prior work) from human speakers leveraging a virtual reality headset to accurately provide head tracking ground truth. Our results achieve an average positional error of 0.31m and an orientation angle accuracy of 34.3° for each voice command. A user study to evaluate user preferences for controlling IoT appliances by talking at them found this new approach to be fast and easy to use.
A preference semantics for imperatives

Imperative sentences like Dance! do not seem to represent the world. Recent modal analyses challenge this idea, but its intuitive and historical appeal remain strong. This paper presents three new challenges for a non-representational analysis, showing that the obstacles facing it are even steeper than previously appreciated. I will argue that the only way for the non-representationalist to meet these three challenges is to adopt a dynamic semantics . Such a dynamic semantics is proposed here: imperatives introduce preferences between alternatives. This characterization of meaning focuses on what function a sentence serves in discourse, rather than what that sentence refers to (e.g., a state of the world). By representing the meaning of imperatives, connectives and declaratives in a common dynamic format, the challenges posed for non-representationalism are met. EARLY ACCESS
Should Oral Anticoagulation Be Used in ESKD Patients on Hemodialysis with Atrial Fibrillation?: PRO

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of stroke, and is a frequent comorbidity in patients with ESKD, affecting as many as one in five (1). The prevalence is 20% and 14% in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (2), and increases with age from 6% in the 22–44 year age group, 25% between 65 and 74 years, and 33% in patients aged >74 years (3). CKD is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with AF, independent of traditional risk factors for stroke, even in patients who are not on dialysis (4,5). Compared with White patients, Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients with ESKD are more likely to experience stroke (13%, 15%, and 16% more, respectively), and this is related to low warfarin prescription fill (6). The risk of ischemic stroke is much higher than the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with ESKD (21.1 vs. 4.7 per 1000 patient years [7]), and incident AF is associated with increased mortality in patients with ESKD (8). Therefore, oral anticoagulation plays a key role in the management of these patients. In this article, we propose that oral anticoagulants (OAC) are beneficial in patients with AF and ESKD, and examine the evidence supporting it. ESKD by itself is a prothrombotic state, even in the absence of AF. Patients with kidney disease have an increased level and/or activity of numerous proinflammatory and procoagulant factors, such as C-reactive protein, cystatin C, IL-6, fibrinogen, factor VII, VIII, IX–XII, TNF-α soluble receptor-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vWf, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homocysteine, thromboplastin, and fibrinopeptide. There is also a decreased level of protein C, an anticoagulant (2,3). If AF and stroke are each more common in patients with kidney failure, and kidney failure itself is prothrombotic, it …
Use of ensiled biomass sorghum increases ionic liquid pretreatment efficiency and reduces biofuel production cost and carbon footprint

Pretreatment is an essential step to enable the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and bioproducts. The most effective pretreatment methods currently in use are based on severe thermochemical approaches, which are costly and energy-intensive. Here we explored whether the common practice of ensiling grassy biomass, such as sorghum, could be used as a pre-processing step to increase the conversion efficiency under milder pretreatment conditions. We determined the impact of replacing dry sorghum biomass with ensiled sorghum biomass on the deconstruction efficiency, process economics, and carbon footprint of a lignocellulosic biorefinery that employs a separation-free ionic liquid pretreatment coupled to enzymatic saccharification and microbial conversion. Our results indicate that the use of ensiled biomass allowed for a 50% reduction in both the amount of ionic liquid (from 5 to 2.5% (w/w) as measured by initial pretreatment loading) and the time required for enzymatic saccharification (from 72 h to 24 h) without sacrificing efficiency. We show that the resulting hydrolysate can be used to cultivate an engineered strain of Rhodosporidium toruloides to convert >90% of the monomeric sugars into bisabolene, a promising intermediate to biofuels and bioproducts. Overall, we estimate that the replacement of field-dried biomass sorghum with ensiled sorghum in combination with an ionic liquid-based deconstruction process could reduce the minimum selling price and carbon footprint of biofuel production in a biorefinery by at least 13% and 8.2%, respectively.
Coilin oligomerization and remodeling by Nopp140 reveals a hybrid assembly mechanism for Cajal bodies

Cajal bodies (CBs) are ubiquitous nuclear membraneless organelles (MLOs) that promote efficient biogenesis of RNA-protein complexes. Depletion of the CB scaffolding protein coilin is lethal for vertebrate embryogenesis, making CBs a strong model for understanding the structure and function of MLOs. Although it is assumed that CBs form through biomolecular condensation, the biochemical and biophysical principles that govern CB dynamics have eluded study. Here, we identify features of the coilin protein that drive CB assembly and shape. Focusing on coilin9s N-terminal domain (NTD), we discovered its unexpected capacity for oligomerization in vivo. Single amino acid mutational analysis of coilin revealed distinct molecular interactions required for oligomerization and binding to the Nopp140 ligand, which facilitates CB assembly. We demonstrate that the intrinsically disordered regions of Nopp140 have substantial condensation properties and suggest that Nopp140 binding thereby remodels stable coilin oligomers to form a particle that recruits other functional components.
Building a Culture of Intellectual Risk-Taking: Isolating the Pedagogical Elements of the Harkness Method:

Intellectual risk-taking, the act of engaging in learning by contributing an idea, question, or creative thought regardless of potential errors or judgments, is associated with many positive studen...
Comment on "Constraints on the source of lunar cataclysm impactors" (Cuk et al., 2010, Icarus 207, 590-594)

Abstract Cuk et al. (Cuk, M., Gladman, B.J., Stewart, S.T. [2010]. Icarus 207, 590–594) argue that the projectiles bombarding the Moon at the time of the so-called lunar cataclysm could not have been mainbelt asteroids ejected by purely gravitational means, in contradiction with a conclusion that was reached by Strom et al. (Strom, R.G., Malhotra, R., Ito, T., Yoshida, F., Kring, D.A. [2005]. Science 309, 1847–1850). We demonstrate that Cuk et al.’s argument is erroneous because, contrary to their arguments, the lunar highlands do register the cataclysm impacts, lunar class 1 craters do not represent the size distribution of the cataclysm craters, and the crater size distributions on the late-forming basins are quite similar to those of the highlands craters, albeit at a lower number density due to the rapid decline of the impact flux during the cataclysm.
Age-associated declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance: impact on fear of falling and quality of life

Summary This 3-year longitudinal study among older adults showed that declining muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance are independent contributing factors to increased fear of falling, while declines of muscle mass and physical performance contribute to deterioration of quality of life. Our findings reinforce the importance of preserving muscle health with advancing age.
CORR Insights®: Regional Intraosseous Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics is More Effective Than Systemic Administration in a Mouse Model of TKA

D espite the best preoperative and intraoperative practices, contamination of the surgical site may be unavoidable due to airborne or skin bacteria. Prophylactic antibiotics can help inhibit or kill contaminating bacteria, thereby preventing bacterial adherence to the arthroplasty implants, biofilm formation, and infection [7]. Additionally, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to reduce infections in orthopaedic procedures [5, 6] and is part of well-established guidelines [2]. However, optimal antibiotic selection remains unclear. Cefazolin and cefuroxime are the recommended antibiotics, unless the patient has blactam allergy, in which case clindamycin or vancomycin should be used [2]. The increasing prevalence of infections by resistant microorganisms, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has raised the question whether prophylaxis with vancomycin is necessary. No definite criteria exist, but vancomycin should be considered for patients at high risk for infection, such as patients colonized with MRSA or treated in institutions with recent MRSA outbreaks [7]. The protective effect of antibiotics depends on achieving adequate local tissue levels, but systemic administration of high doses of antibiotics may be limited by associated adverse effects. For this reason, local antibiotic delivery becomes an attractive option that could achieve high local levels while avoiding systemic toxicity. Antibiotic-impregnated cement has been widely employed in arthroplasty procedures and has been shown to reduce revisions due to infection in total hip arthroplasty [4, 5]. On the other hand, the benefit of adding antibiotics to the cement in TKA has not been conclusively demonstrated [1]. Intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of antibiotics was recently This CORR Insights is a commentary on the article ‘‘Regional Intraosseous Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics is More Effective Than Systemic Administration in a Mouse Model of TKA’’ by Young and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4464-x. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/ licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. This CORR Insights comment refers to the article available at doi:10.1007/s11999-0154464-x. C. G. Zalavras MD, PhD (&) Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 N State Street, GNH 3900, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA e-mail: zalavras@usc.edu CORR Insights Published online: 21 August 2015 The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons1 2015
High-throughput determination of RNA structure by proximity ligation.

RNA structure is revealed by a high-throughput method that relies on proximity ligation and deep sequencing. We present an unbiased method to globally resolve RNA structures through pairwise contact measurements between interacting regions. RNA proximity ligation (RPL) uses proximity ligation of native RNA followed by deep sequencing to yield chimeric reads with ligation junctions in the vicinity of structurally proximate bases. We apply RPL in both baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human cells and generate contact probability maps for ribosomal and other abundant RNAs, including yeast snoRNAs, the RNA subunit of the signal recognition particle and the yeast U2 spliceosomal RNA homolog. RPL measurements correlate with established secondary structures for these RNA molecules, including stem-loop structures and long-range pseudoknots. We anticipate that RPL will complement the current repertoire of computational and experimental approaches in enabling the high-throughput determination of secondary and tertiary RNA structures.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF BACKWATER AT BRIDGES

A two-space dimensional mathematical model of computing steady flow distributions and water levels near contractions in natural waterways (e.g., highway bridges) is developed. The two-dimensional model provides a theoretical basis for such one-dimensional concepts as expansion losses by accounting for all losses by friction along properly located two-dimensional streamlines. The finite element solution algorithm locates these streamlines and integrates energy loss due to friction along them. Stagnation zones downstream from contractions can be predicted and located by the algorithm. A necessary condition for separation is that the velocity head at the point of separation exceeds head loss due to friction along some possible path for a free streamline. The absence of separation which is associated with scouring currents along the downstream side of bridge approach embankments can be predicted where the necessary condition is not satisfied.
Towards a business continuity information network for rapid disaster recovery

Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery have gained immense importance in the wake of recent man and nature inflicted calamities such as the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 and hurricanes/earthquakes i.e. Katrina (2005), Wilma (2005) and Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004). Most of the recent work has been conducted for crisis management under terrorist attacks and emergency management services under natural disasters with private business continuity and disaster recovery a secondary concern. In this paper, we propose a model for pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster business continuity/rapid recovery. The model is utilized to design and develop a web based prototype of our Business Continuity Information Network (BCIN) system facilitating collaboration among local, state, federal agencies and the business community for rapid disaster recovery. We present our model and prototype with Hurricane Wilma as the case study.
Am I a Price-Fixer? A Behavioral Economics Analysis of Cartels

This article considers why executives risk prison, their careers, and their status in the community, and violate the antitrust laws. The generally accepted approach today is that price-fixers behave as “rational” profit-maximizers. Executives engage in a cost-benefit analysis to see if the benefits from the crime are worth taking the risks. To achieve optimal deterrence, the economic theory goes, the antitrust penalty should equal the violation’s expected net harm to others (plus enforcement costs) divided by the probability of detection and proof of the violation. Despite increasing antitrust fines and jail sentences, cartels continue to exist. Before the United States responds with greater fines and jail sentences, it makes sense to evaluate several assumptions underlying optimal deterrence theory. In reviewing the behavioral economics literature, policymakers will have a better grasp of the situational and dispositional factors that promote price-fixing.
The tour construction framework for the dynamic Travelling Salesman Problem

The dynamic Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a variation of the TSP with important real world applications. In the static TSP, the dataset must be complete and never change throughout the processing of the solution. The static TSP provides a rich theoretical framework in which to study the full optimization of the shortest route for a given set of points. The points in a static dataset are fixed forever, and there is no concept of time in the traversal of the dataset. On the other hand, the dynamic TSP considers the actual traversal of the dataset with respect to time. The dynamic TSP is more suited to a wide range of real-world problems, in which the dataset is incomplete and changeable. Most of the existing high-performing TSP solvers are constrained to static TSP datasets only, and these solvers are not readily transformed to handle dynamic TSP datasets. A recently introduced TSP solver is the Tour Construction Framework (TCF), which integrates both global and local heuristics in a complementary framework in order to efficiently solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). A potential advantage of the TCF is the ability to robustly solve dynamic TSP problems. In this research, standard TSP datasets are used to formulate dynamic TSP datasets and the TCF and mainstream TSP solvers are applied to solve these large dynamic TSP datasets. The performance of the TCF is evaluated for speed and accuracy.
Security Studies at Nichols College

ABSTRACT The degree security students receive at Nichols College is a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) with a twenty-one-credit specialization in Criminal Justice Management. The name was chosen for its versatility; however, the development of the program curricula was designed to be in alignment with the American Society for Industrial Security's (ASIS) recommended curriculum model for twenty-one-credit undergraduate security management programs. Students can also minor in Criminal Justice Management by completing twelve credits within their major.
Dual mini-fragment plating for midshaft clavicle fractures: a clinical and biomechanical investigation

We sought to evaluate clinical and biomechanical outcomes of dual mini-fragment plate fixation for clavicle fractures. We hypothesized that this technique would produce an anatomical reduction with good clinical outcomes, be well tolerated by patients, and demonstrate equivalent biomechanics to single plating. Dual mini-fragment plating was performed for 17 isolated, displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Functional outcomes and complications were retrospectively reviewed. A sawbones model compared dual plating biomechanics to a (1) superior 3.5-mm locking reconstruction plate, or (2) antero-inferior 3.5-mm locking reconstruction plate. On biomechanical testing, with anterior loading, dual plating was significantly more rigid than single locked anterior-plating (p = 0.02) but less rigid than single locked superior-plating (p = 0.001). With superior loading, dual plating trended toward higher rigidity versus single locked superior-plating (p = 0.07) but was less rigid than single locked anterior-plating (p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences in axial loading (p = 0.27) or torsion (p = 0.23) were detected. Average patient follow-up was 16.1 months (12–38). Anatomic reduction was achieved and maintained through final healing (average 14.7 weeks). No patient underwent hardware removal. Average 1-year DASH score was 4.0 (completed in 88 %). Displaced midshaft clavicle fractures can be effectively managed with dual mini-fragment plating. This technique results in high union rates and excellent clinical outcomes. Compared to single plating, dual plating is biomechanically equivalent in axial loading and torsion, yet offers better multi-planar bending stiffness despite the use of smaller plates. This technique may decrease the need for secondary surgery due to implant prominence and may aid in fracture reduction by buttressing butterfly fragments in two planes.
Minimally Invasive Port Access Approach for Reoperations on the Mitral Valve.

Background In patients requiring a second-time or more operation on the mitral valve (MV), we assessed whether the outcomes of the minimally invasive port access approach (port access group) were equivalent to those of the traditional redo sternotomy approach (redo sternotomy group). Methods In a retrospective review (1998–2011), 409 patients had previous MV operations requiring a second-time or more MV reintervention. Of those, 67 patients had the port access approach, and 342 had the redo sternotomy approach. Of the latter, 220 met the inclusion criteria because emergencies, patients with endocarditis, and those requiring concomitant procedures involving aortic valve and aorta were excluded. Results New York Heart Association class 2 or above, age, atrial fibrillation, and surgical indications were similar in both groups. The port access group had more patients with previous MV repair (78% [n = 52] vs 41% [n = 90], p p p = 0.4). The MV re-repair rates were similar (19% [n = 10] vs 22% [n = 20], p = 1). The cardiopulmonary bypass times (153 ± 42 minutes vs 172 ± 83 minutes, p = 0.07) and aortic cross-clamping times (104 ± 38 minutes versus 130 ± 71 minutes, p p = 0.5). The rates of postoperative stroke were similar (3.0% [n = 2] vs 3.2% [n = 7], p = 1). On postoperative echocardiography, freedom from mitral regurgitation >2+ was 100% in the port access group and 99% in the redo sternotomy group. The mean hospital length of stay was 11 ± 15 days versus 14 ± 12 days ( p = 0.07). Conclusions The port access approach can be safely adopted for reoperations on the MV without compromising postoperative mortality or MV function.
Adolescents living with a parent with advanced cancer: a review of the literature.

Objective Families and children facing the death of a parent from cancer constitute a vulnerable population often overlooked by healthcare professionals and researchers. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic analysis of the literature that examines the experiences of parents diagnosed with advanced cancer and their adolescent children. Methods Reviews of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method publications between 2000 and 2013 were selected in order to obtain the most current and timely studies. Articles published before 2000 but found to be seminal works on this topic were also included. No time limits were set on intervention studies. Results Eighteen studies met the criteria for the content of this review, indicating the limited number of studies conducted on this topic. Articles were summarized using the following categories: original research on the impact on the family and parenting, original research on the impact on the child/adolescent, and interventions for families facing incurable cancer. The analysis was organized around the major themes found in the literature within each category. Conclusions These themes will allow healthcare professionals to understand implications for clinical practice and apply the knowledge gained from this analysis of literature to guide future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Las relaciones entre México y Estados Unidos en la era de la globalización

La "globalizacion" presenta grandes retos a los estudiosos de las relaciones Mexico-Estados Unidos al cuestionar el papel del Estado , las ideas de nacion y region , y reconsiderar las fuerzas causales, las categorias y la medida del analisis. Mucho de esto no es nuevo y sin precedentes. El pasado es una buena guia para entender el presente, y este nos ayuda a comprender el pasado . Estudiar las relaciones internacionales deberia ser vital para comprender la interrelacion entre donde estamos y a donde vamos
Monte Carlo calculations on the conformations of models for the glycopeptide linkage of glycoproteins

Abstract In order to search for probable conformations of the peptide, the amino acid side chain, and the carbohydrate linkage in glycoproteins, conformational energy surfaces of glycopeptide model compounds were studied by Monte Carlo methods using the Metropolis algorithm. The potential energies were composed of empirical energy functions which include nonbonded interactions, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and torsional energies specified by parameters which have been used for peptides. Calculations were performed on 1- N -acetyl-2-acetamido-β- d -glucopyranosyl amine and the glycosylated dipeptide N -acetyl-δ- n -(2-acetamido-β- d -glucopyranosyl)- l -asparaginyl- N′ -methyl amide as models for N -glycosylated peptides and on methyl-2-acetamido-α- d -galactopyranoside as well as the glycosylated dipeptides N -acetyl-γ- O -(2-acetamido-α- d -galactopyranosyl)- l -threonyl- N′ -methyl amide and its seryl analog as models for O -glycosylated glycoproteins. The probable conformations of these compounds were analyzed by single-angle probability tables and by two-dimensional conformation density maps projected from the Markov chains which contained up to six independently varied conformational dihedral angles. The presence of high barriers to rotation required the use of search strategies which resulted in a rather low acceptance rate for new conformations in the Metropolis algorithm in order to avoid trapping of the Markov chain in local energy minima. This problem contributed to the failure of these calculations to attain complete convergence to the thermodynamic limit for the glycosylated dipeptide models in which six dihedral angles were independently varied. Analysis of the results shows that the conformational space available to the highly crowded axial glycosides of the α- O -GalNAc type is much more restricted than that for the N -asparaginyl glycopeptides. The most probable conformation for the O -glycosylated peptides is a β-turn while N -glycosylated peptides may be either in a β-turn or an extended conformation.
Air flows induced by sparse clouds of droplets

Very slow air flows (.01cm/s), induced by a column of 5–15 μ m diameter droplets settling in a 9 mm diameter chamber were measured with a laser light velocimeter apparatus. We measured the air flow velocity as the difference between the Doppler-measured Stokes settling velocity of individual droplets and the settling velocity calculated from simultaneous optical measurements of droplet diameter. Experimental conditions included a wide range of droplet sizes, relatively slow air motion, and many droplets being in the laser beam at the same time. We describe the interaction of the particles with the air in terms of a simple two-fluid model with an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation.
Progressive decrease in protein synthesis accuracy induced by streptomycin in Escherichia coli

THE passage of genetic information from gene to polypeptide does not proceed with perfect fidelity1–3, but it is not known what short and long-term cellular responses may be induced by decreases in the accuracy of protein synthesis. Errors in gene expression may tend to increase their own rate of production4, and thus could constitute a limiting instability of cellular life. The synthesis of inaccurate RNA, RNA polymerases, tRNAs, tRNA modifying enzymes, tRNA charging enzymes and ribosomal proteins are potential pathways for the perpetuation or amplification of errors. Such errors may be inducible in vivo by external chemical agents and may constitute an indirect pathway for mutagenesis5–8. An enhanced rate of such errors may be the mechanism by which certain deleterious mutations exert their effects. Here we report the results of experiments with Escherichia coli designed to detect evidence of self amplification of errors in protein synthesis. If such error feedback is quantitatively significant, a slight increase in the pre-existing error rate should be followed by a progressive decrease in the accuracy of protein synthesis. While this process could lead to a new stable level and thus need not precipitate a catastrophic breakdown, some late effects should be observable if the mechanisms are at all as hypothesised.
Family Poverty, Welfare Reform, and Child Development

Our review of research suggests that family poverty has selective effects on child development. Most important for policy are indications that deep or persistent poverty early in childhood affects adversely the ability and achievement of children. Although the 1996 welfare reforms have spurred many welfare-to-work transitions, their time limits and, especially, sanctions are likely to deepen poverty among some families. We suggest ways policies might be aimed at preventing either economic deprivation itself or its effects.
The Unpredictability of Contrastive Analysis.

The hypothesis that contrastive analysis can serve to predict levels of difficulty that non-native speakers will have in learning English syntactic patterns is examined. Two tests of English syntax were administered to nearly 2500 Japanese students. The test results are compared to predictions of the relative difficulty of the test items that were derived from four different contrastive analyses. The comparison indicates that the contrastive analyses are inadequate predictors of subject performance. Certain properties of subject performance are discussed, especially the role that the complexity of English constructions may play in determining Japanese difficulty on the tests.
Soluble, Dialyzable and Ionic Calcium in Raw and Processed Skim Milk, Whole Milk and Spinach

Chemical availability of calcium was measured with and without simulated digestion to determine processing effects. Available calcium was low in spinach and significantly higher in skim milk and whole milk, consistent with their known bioavailabilities. In nondigested processed milk it was significantly higher for whole milk than for skim milk. However, available calcium in digested whole milk was lower than in digested skim milk. Digestion increased available calcium in skim milk, dialyzable and ionic dialyzable calcium in whole milk and ionic calcium in spinach. Soluble and ionic soluble calcium were lowered in whole milk during digestion due to soap formation. Effects on % calcium were slight, but available calcium in nondigested skim milk was significantly lowered by processing.
Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase-2A activity in insulin-secreting cells

Okadaic acid (OKA)-sensitive phosphatase (PP2A) activity may modulate nutrient-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells [Kowluru et al., Endocrinology 137 (1996) 2315–2323]. Ceramides, a new class of lipid second messengers may regulate PP2A [Dobrowsky and Hannun, J. Biol. Chem. (1992) 267, 5048–5051], and might play a role in cytokine-mediated apoptosis in β cells [Sjoholm, FEBS Lett. 367 (1995) 283–286]. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of PP2A-like activity by ceramides in isolated β (HIT-T15 or INS-1) cells. Cell-permeable (C2, C6 or C18) ceramides stimulated OKA-sensitive (but not -insensitive) phosphatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (0–12.5 μM), with maximal stimulation (+50–100%) at <12.5 μM. C2-dihydroceramide (a biologically inactive analog of C2 ceramide) failed to augment PP2A-like activity. Stimulatory effects of ceramides do not appear to be mediated via activation of the carboxyl methylation of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, since no effects of ceramides (up to 25 μM) were demonstrable on this parameter. These data identify a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase as a possible locus at which ceramides might exert their effects on β cells leading to altered insulin secretion, and decreased cell viability followed by apoptotic cell demise.
Efficient Linear Upconversion Of Infrared To Visible In Impurity-Doped GaP

Efficient upconversion of infrared to visible has been observed in impurity doped GaP. Device applications are discussed.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
H2-Driven Deoxygenation of Epoxides and Diols to Alkenes Catalyzed by Methyltrioxorhenium

Catalytic deoxygenation of epoxides and diols is underdeveloped. This reaction is appealing in the context of making value-added organics from biomass. Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) catalyzes the conversion of epoxides and vicinal diols to olefins with dihydrogen (H2) as the reductant under reasonably mild conditions (150 °C and 80−300 psi). The only reaction byproduct is water. The reaction is selective for cis cyclic diols, signaling a mechanism of alkene extrusion from a coordinated epoxide via a metallaoxetane intermediate.
Epitaxial Relationships between Cholesterol Crystals and Mineral Phases: Implication for Human Disease

Human gallstones and atherosclerotic plaques are heterogeneous materials that consist of a variety of components, including crystalline cholesterol and assorted mineral phases. EpiCalc, a modeling algorithm that uses a simple geometric lattice matching protocol, was used as a screening tool to identify those surfaces of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate that could potentially serve as epitaxial substrates for the nucleation and growth of anhydrous cholesterol (Ch) and cholesterol monohydrate (ChM) crystals. A surprisingly large number of coincident epitaxial relationships were identified, with the best match found between calcite (1014) and ChM (001).
Mass transfer into a horizontal layer of stagnant liquid under the action of instabilities

The rate of absorption into a horizontal liquid layer undergoing an assumed steady cellular convection due to a concentration gradient or to the Marangoni effect is calculated. One concludes that a roll-cell model can explain the large increase in the rate of absorption observed experimentally and that for large times a diffusional model, with a constant diffusion coefficient much larger than the molecular one, describes adequately the above situations. On calcule la vitesse d'absorption dans une couche horizontale de liquide, laquelle est soumise a une convection cellulaire presumement permanente a cause d'un gradient de concentration ou de l'effet de Marangoni. On conclut qu'on peut expliquer, au moyen d'un modele de cellules roulantes l'augmentation considerable qu'on observe experimentalement dans la vitesse d'absorption et que, pour des periodes de temps elevees, un modele de diffusion qui possede un coefficient constant de diffusion plus grand que le coefficient moleculaire permet de decrire d'une maniere satisfaisante les cas indiques.
Desensitization of the PDGFβ Receptor by Modulation of the Cytoskeleton: The Role of p21Ras and Rho Family GTPases

Ligand-induced PDGF-type beta receptor (PDGFbeta-R) autophosphorylation is profoundly suppressed in cells transformed by activated p21(Ras). We report here that the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is a critical regulator of PDGFbeta-R function in the presence of p21(Ras). Morphological reversion of Balb cells expressing a constitutively activated p21(Ras), with re-formation of actin stress fibers and cytoskeletal architecture, rendering them phenotypically similar to untransformed fibroblasts, allowed recovery of ligand-dependent PDGFbeta-R autophosphorylation. Conversely, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in Balb/c-3T3 cells obliterated the normal ligand-induced phosphorylation of the PDGFbeta-R. The Rho family GTPases Rac and Rho are activated by p21(Ras) and are critical mediators of cell motility and morphology via their influence on the actin cytoskeleton. Transient expression of wild-type or constitutively active mutant forms of RhoA suppressed ligand-dependent PDGFbeta-R autophosphorylation and downstream signal transduction. These studies demonstrate the necessary role of Rho in the inhibition of PDGFbeta-R autophosphorylation in cells containing activated p21(Ras) and also demonstrate the importance of cell context and the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of PDGFbeta-R ligand-induced autophosphorylation.
A 41-Year-Old Woman With Menorrhagia, Anemia, and Fibroids: Review of Treatment of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are common tumors that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure symptoms, and reproductive disorders. The incidence of fibroids peaks in the fifth decade of age and they are more common in African American women. Often, fibroids are asymptomatic and require no treatment. However, the case of Ms P, a 41-year-old woman with recurrent uterine fibroids, menorrhagia, anemia, and fatigue who wishes to retain fertility, illustrates the symptoms that require treatment. Evaluation usually begins with a pelvic examination and an ultrasound to determine both the size and location of the fibroids within the uterus. Standard treatment of symptomatic fibroids is surgical removal by myomectomy or hysterectomy, depending in part on the desire for future fertility; new treatment options include uterine artery embolization via interventional radiologic techniques as well as various medical interventions. Several new therapies show promise but are still experimental at this time. The evidence for treatment options for Ms P and symptomatic patients with fibroids in general is discussed.
Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: results of a patient survey.

Objective To evaluate the current use of bone densitometry and agents to prevent bone loss among long-term corticosteroid users. Methods A telephone survey of patients receiving long-term oral corticosteroid treatment. Results One hundred forty-seven patients receiving a mean prednisone dose of 10 mg per day for an average of 1–2 years were surveyed. Twenty-nine percent reported having a bone density test, 29% were taking calcium supplements, and 45% were receiving vitamin D. Forty percent of postmenopausal (PMP) women were receiving hormone replacement therapy and 14%, bisphosphonate treatment. Forty-two percent of PMP women were receiving no preventive treatment. Patients who were evaluated by primary care physicians and rheumatologists were more likely to have undergone bone density testing and to have received preventive treatments than were patients of other specialists. Conclusion Many patients receive inadequate treatment to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, and physician specialty is an important predictor of bone density testing and treatment. A broad educational effort directed to physicians of varied specialties is needed to ensure that osteoporosis prevention becomes the standard of care for patients receiving long-term corticosteroid treatment.
Dense scene reconstruction with points of interest

We present an approach to detailed reconstruction of complex real-world scenes with a handheld commodity range sensor. The user moves the sensor freely through the environment and images the scene. An offline registration and integration pipeline produces a detailed scene model. To deal with the complex sensor trajectories required to produce detailed reconstructions with a consumer-grade sensor, our pipeline detects points of interest in the scene and preserves detailed geometry around them while a global optimization distributes residual registration errors through the environment. Our results demonstrate that detailed reconstructions of complex scenes can be obtained with a consumer-grade camera.
Nanoimprint lithography of deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymer films

Thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is presented as an alternative fabrication technique for patterning deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer films for photonic device applications. The techniques and procedures developed for directly imprinting optical waveguide structures on a DNA biopolymer using NIL, bypassing the use of a resist layer and any chemical processing, are outlined here. The fabrication technique was developed with a Nanonex NX-2600 NIL flexible membrane system. Additionally, a process for using a Suss MicroTec ELAN CB6L substrate bonder is discussed as an alternative to commercially available NIL systems.
Antisera to human B-lymphocyte membrane glycoproteins block stimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture

HUMAN B cells are frequently differentiated from T cells by the ready demonstration of immunoglobulin (Ig) on their surfaces1. In the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) the responding cells are mainly T cells2–4, whereas B cells have been suggested to be the primary stimulating cells4. The effect on the MLR of a specific anti-B-cell serum is therefore of considerable interest. Here we describe rabbit antisera to membrane glycoproteins of cultured human B cell lines which react only with Ig-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes and which completely block the MLR in vitro.