cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyber Physical Security Analytics For Transactive Energy Systems Using Ensemble Machine Learning

Demand response and active participation of end-users (prosumers) are expected to play a critical role in the future power grids. Market based transactive exchanges between prosumers are triggered by the increased deployments of renewable generations and microgrid architectures. Transactive Energy Systems (TES) employ economic and control mechanisms to dynamically balance the demand and supply across the electrical grid. Effective transactive mechanisms leverage on a large number of distributed edge-computing and a communication architecture. Given the prolific usage of digital devices, the assets within a transactive environment are vulnerable to various threats. This paper utilizes a machine learning technique to detect possible anomalies within a transactive energy framework. An ensemble based methodology is used to detect anomalies in the market and physical system measurements. The proposed technique is validated for satisfactory performance to detect anomalies and trigger further investigation for root cause analysis and mitigation.
Mercury Concentrations Vary Within and Among Individual Bird Feathers: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Feather Use in Mercury Monitoring Programs.

Feathers are widely used to represent mercury contamination in birds. Yet, few recommendations exist that provide guidance for using bird feathers in mercury monitoring programs. We conducted a literature review and 5 experiments to show that mercury concentrations vary substantially within (vane >100% higher than calamus) and among (>1000%) individual feathers from the same bird. We developed a research tool and guidelines for using bird feathers for mercury studies based on 3 components: 1) variability of feather mercury concentrations within an individual bird (coefficient of variation), 2) desired accuracy of the measured mercury concentration, and 3) feather and bird mass. Our results suggest a general rule that if the goal is to limit analytical and processing costs by using whole feathers in only one sample boat, then to achieve an accuracy within 10% of a bird's overall average feather mercury concentration a bird with a coefficient of variation ≤10% must be <190 g (size of a large shorebird). To achieve an accuracy within 20%, a bird with a coefficient of variation ≤10% must be <920 g (a large duck). When more than one sample boat is needed to fit the required number of feathers to achieve the desired accuracy, the results suggest homogenizing feathers and analyzing an aliquot of ≥20 mg for mercury. The present study suggests increasing the number of feathers typically used per bird to assess mercury concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1164-1187. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Inventory Management is a Crucial Issue in Supply Chain Management / Al Ain Hospital

The paper is discussed about survey that includes several questions that is related to the research topic to know what employees are employees’ point of view and how many of the employees are facing the same problem regarding this issue, this can be seen by the graphical results that I would prepare on excel through the questioner results. The paper discusses each aspect about the inventory management that why there is this issue and what should be done to deal with this issue to make the inventory system that includes supply chain management more effective and advance. There are some issues in the warehouse itself that can be improved to solve this issue but this topic includes many topics to be shared and go to their details to know the depth of the issue and the reason behind this problem. The topics will cover the problems, the identification of the problems, the characteristics, the reasons, objectives, the solution, analysis of the problem and many more topics that includes some paragraphs of the discussion on the regarding issues. Each and every topic includes details and discussion of the same issue to know what is the reason behind it what are the roots beneath the issue that is growing this problem into a big tree with the branches as personally me is facing this issue that if some product is not available in the warehouse is a problem, so these are some highlights that will be discussed below. The research can make me able to make some prospective to give ahead some improved solution to the organization to get efficient and accuracy in the systems od supply chain management that can help hospital to operate various function to some extent. On the second hand the research is very helpful to me in a way it can help me in knowing various departments and function more deeply and carefully which can help me in improving my skills and knowledge. The end of this paper included the opinions and solutions that will be discussed and details with own experience and work or tasks done in entire paper.
Sleep duration and bedtime in preschool-age children with obesity: Relation to BMI and diet following a weight management intervention

Background Sleep duration is associated with obesity in preschoolers. Weight-management interventions may be an opportunity to incorporate sleep health recommendations. Objectives To examine changes in sleep in preschool-age children with obesity following a family-based weight-management intervention (Learning about Activity and Understanding Nutrition for Child Health [LAUNCH]) compared with motivational interviewing and standard care conditions. Additionally, we examined associations between sleep with body mass index (BMI) z score (BMIz) and diet. Methods One hundred fifty-one children (4.6 ± 0.93 y) completed baseline (pretreatment) and posttreatment (week 24) assessments, including anthropometrics, 24-hour dietary recalls, and a 7-day sleep diary. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-squared tests compared sleep variables between groups; linear regression models examined effects of sleep on BMIz and dietary intake at posttreatment, controlling for baseline values. Results Bedtime and sleep duration were not significantly different between treatment groups from baseline to posttreatment. After adjusting for baseline sleep, earlier bedtime was associated with lower BMIz (95% CI, 0.00-0.04; .03), intake of added sugars (95% CI, 0.70-4.32; .007), and sweet/dessert food servings (95% CI, 0.00-0.19; .04) at posttreatment. Longer night-time sleep duration was associated with fewer added sugars at posttreatment, adjusting for baseline sleep (95% CI, -3.79 to -0.35; .02). Conclusions More comprehensive sleep intervention incorporated into weight-management intervention may be necessary to promote positive changes for preschoolers with obesity. A focus on earlier bedtime and longer sleep duration appears to be important given associations between sleep duration and bedtime with BMIz and dietary intake.
What is in a Name

Whether we are reviewing a governmental action to see if it violates free exercise rights associated with religious freedom restoration acts (RFRAs) or whether it forces some parties to bear an inequitable share of the burdens of supporting public programs in violation of either the Takings or Equal Protection Clause, or whether we are trying to ascertain whether a particular Congressional action must merely be authorized by the generic tax and spending power or must be authorized by a more specifically enumerated power, we have treated governmental actions described as taxes and those dubbed regulations differently. In each of these domains, the government faces minimal or no scrutiny when it “taxes,” but its actions are far more closely scrutinized when it “regulates.” It might seem that simple commonsensical distinctions will do to distinguish taxes and regulations: we should simply consider a regulation to be something that impacts conduct and a tax a demand to transfer funds to the state used to finance explicit governmental programs. But many (not all) regulations and taxes are close substitutes, and the reasons we might have to review regulations more stringently in each of these domains may apply only to a sub-set of regulations. I argue, against the weight of much conventional legal wisdom, that when one looks more carefully at the concrete goals we should be trying to achieve, existing free exercise law is both disingenuous in dismissing claims to “tax exemption” and far too friendly to claims to immunity from regulations that merely require the expenditure of fungible resources; that the ways in which we analyze explicit taxes under the Equal Protection and regulations under the Takings clauses should be brought into greater harmony; and that the Congressional power to impose implicit regulatory taxes should be fundamentally coextensive with its power to impose explicit ones.
The Social Context of Stress and Behavioral Medicine Research

In studies of stress, factors such as the context of the research situation, and subtle variations in the instructions presented can have significant effects on resulting psychological, behavioral, and physiological responses. Specifically, both laboratory and field psychophysiology studies involve procedural elements, from the obtaining of informed consent to payment for participation, that can be significant sources of error variance that remain even if the most stringent experimental controls are instituted. This chapter will address potential sources of bias in research that are associated with the social context in which studies are conducted.
Smoothing Brascamp-Lieb Inequalities and Strong Converses of Coding Theorems

The Brascamp-Lieb inequality in functional analysis can be viewed as a measure of the “uncorrelatedness” of a joint probability distribution. We define the smooth Brascamp-Lieb (BL) divergence as the infimum of the best constant in the Brascamp-Lieb inequality under a perturbation of the joint probability distribution. An information spectrum upper bound on the smooth BL divergence is proved, using properties of the subgradient of a certain convex functional. In particular, in the i.i.d. setting, such an infimum converges to the best constant in a certain mutual information inequality. We then derive new single-shot converse bounds for the omniscient helper common randomness generation problem and the Gray-Wyner source coding problem in terms of the smooth BL divergence, where the proof relies on the functional formulation of the Brascamp-Lieb inequality. Exact second-order rates are thus obtained in the stationary memoryless and nonvanishing error setting. These offer rare instances of strong converses/second-order converses for continuous sources when the rate region involves auxiliary random variables.
Threats to Resilience: How Well are We Preparing Caregivers of Patients Post-Mechanical Circulatory (MCS) Implant to Their Adjustment at Home?

Purpose The role of the Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) caregiver is crucial to preventing adverse patient outcomes and promoting patient adjustment post-discharge. There is a lack of understanding around caregiver preparedness and support. Expanding on our previous work of caregiver resilience and stress, we sought to identify caregiver preparedness and threats to developing caregiver resilience. Methods A purposeful sample of caregivers (n =13: 77% female caregivers; 62% white; 77% working; age range 34-82) of LVAD patients (5 months to 6 years post-implantation) was recruited at a single center. Eight semi-structured group interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze caregiver interview transcripts. Results Caregivers expressed several themes around barriers to preparedness and resilience. 1) Feeling Unprepared and Emotionally Overwhelmed: “I'm afraid I am going to kill him” “I should have seen a counselor before I left.” 2) Needing Connection with Other Caregivers: “I wish I could have spoken to a caregiver that went through this already.” 3) Being Hyper Vigilant: “I make him dinner⋯I look over and he's eating something (else)⋯full of sodium.” 4) Grieving Loss of Partnership: “I want to be seen as his wife and not his nurse.” 5) Lack of Self-Care: “You have to care for yourself but sometimes it's hard, you feel guilty.” “This is the first time I've been separated from my loved one, and it's so good to be able to sit with someone having the same experience.” Conclusion Our study identified threats to caregiver resilience and opportunities to support them in their new role upon returning home. These findings can be used to develop interventions that support caregivers as they help their loved ones and themselves through the MCS recovery.
A Perspective on Monetary Measurement

This analysis began with the framing of the following two seemingly simple questions: 1. What is the current impact of monetary policy on the economy? 2. What is money?
Molecular therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer

Several targetable genetic alterations have been identified in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and drugs targeting these alterations have been approved for the management of advanced NSCLC pati...
Simplified Space Vector Modulation Strategy for Three-level Inverters

This paper presents a simplified space vector modulation strategy for three-level inverter digital control applications. It avoids the complex trigonometric computations necessary for the conventional three-level space vector modulation strategy for sector identification and vector dwell time calculation by directly determining the phase duty ratios from the three-phase reference voltages. This implementation technique only involves few logic comparisons and arithmetic operations, so the code size and execution time are reduced by approximately 40 percent. Moreover, it achieves significantly lower neutral-point voltage ripple compared to the conventional three-level space vector modulation method for a wide range of modulation indices and load power factor values. The validity of the proposed modulation technique is verified using Opal-RT Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method ensures the required threelevel operation and dc-link capacitor voltage balancing.
Giulio Magli, Heavens and Earth in Ancient China: Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China

Giulio Magli, Heavens and Earth in Ancient China: Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2020. Hardback, i–vii, 179 pp., illus. ISBN 978-3-030-49323-3. £27.99.
The Market Structure of Dealer-to-Client Interest Rate Swaps

Following the Dodd-Frank Act, central clearing and centralized trading became mandatory for a class of the most liquid interest rate swaps (IRS). Nevertheless, IRS market making in the dealer-to-client sector remained concentrated at a few regulated banks that transfer their funding costs to end users. I develop an equilibrium model of IRS markets with imperfect competition among capital-constrained dealers. Using proprietary data on cleared IRS transactions and the dealers' daily margin requirements, I empirically investigate the impact of recent regulatory changes on market liquidity. By exploiting the variation in margin requirements across swaps with different risk profiles intermediated by bank-affiliated dealers, my estimates show that a 1 percentage point increase in the supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) leads to an increase of $1.5 billion in the annual cost of hedging for the end-users.
Utilization of wearable technology to assess gait and mobility post-stroke: a systematic review.

Extremity weakness, fatigue, and postural instability often contribute to mobility deficits in persons after stroke. Wearable technologies are increasingly being utilized to track many health-related parameters across different patient populations. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify how wearable technologies have been used over the past decade to assess gait and mobility in persons with stroke. We performed a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases using select keywords. We identified a total of 354 articles, and 13 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies were quality assessed and data extracted included participant demographics, type of wearable technology utilized, gait parameters assessed, and reliability and validity metrics. The majority of studies were performed in either hospital-based or inpatient settings. Accelerometers, activity monitors, and pressure sensors were the most commonly used wearable technologies to assess gait and mobility post-stroke. Among these devices, spatiotemporal parameters of gait that were most widely assessed were gait speed and cadence, and the most common mobility measures included step count and duration of activity. Only 4 studies reported on wearable technology validity and reliability metrics, with mixed results. The use of various wearable technologies has enabled researchers and clinicians to monitor patients’ activity in a multitude of settings post-stroke. Using data from wearables may provide clinicians with insights into their patients’ lived-experiences and enrich their evaluations and plans of care. However, more studies are needed to examine the impact of stroke on community mobility and to improve the accuracy of these devices for gait and mobility assessments amongst persons with altered gait post-stroke.
The Role of Power and Oppression in the Classroom: Actualizing the Potential of Intersectionality in Teaching and Learning

Intersectionality has grown into a field of study that researchers across academic disciplines have used to critique the overlapping systems of power that shape the lives of minoritized individuals. However, scholars have yet to actualize the potential that intersectionality has to inform the study of teaching and learning. In this chapter, the authors articulate how educators can mobilize intersectional approaches in their teaching practices and reflect on how students may be engaging in the classroom environment. In particular, the authors provide examples of how intersectional erasure manifests in academic disciplines before then offering recommendations for educators hoping to leverage intersectionality. Directions for future research are then offered.
Robotic laser scarecrows: A tool for controlling bird damage in sweet corn

Abstract Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is an important direct retail and local wholesale crop in the United States. Birds have long been recognized as a pest of corn, which they damage by shredding the husks and eating the kernels. This study was performed to evaluate moving green laser beams as a bird control strategy in sweet corn. A portable, battery-powered robotic scarecrow was designed to continuously move a 14 mm diameter, 532 nm wavelength beam from a 50 mW laser. The scarecrow was tested in sweet corn fields in Rhode Island, USA over three years using a split-field design where half of each field was covered by the laser and the other half served as a control. . In 2017, the control sections averaged 48.4 ± 6.9 damaged ears per plot, while the sections covered by the laser averaged 14.6 ± 5.5 damaged ears (P = 0.0002). In 2018, the control sections averaged 23.8% ± 4.1% damaged ears while 13.7% ± 2.1% of ears were damaged in sections covered by the laser (P = 0.0046). In 2019, mean damage values across all planting blocks were 14.9% ± 4.1% for the protected plots and 20.3% ± 5.8% for the unprotected plots (P = 0.0332). The results of this study show that automated laser scarecrows can reduce bird damage to sweet corn under field conditions. Further research, including aviary studies with controlled populations of individually identified birds, are needed to measure efficacy and test for habituation.
A fuzzy Dempster–Shafer classifier for detecting Web spams

Abstract The Web spam identification problem can be modeled as an instance of the conventional classification problem. Web spams aim at deceiving web crawlers by advertising certain Web pages through elevation of their page rankings superficially than their actual weights. Web spams are intended to produce fraudulent results of web search queries and degenerate the client’s experience by directing users to fake Web pages. We present a fuzzy evidence-based methodology for identifying Web spams by which the spamicity of web hosts is formulated as a reasoning problem in the presence of uncertainty. However, any classification task intrinsically suffers from incomplete or vague evidence and ambiguity in the class assignment based on evidence. In this work, we combine fuzzy reasoning as the decision maker for selecting the most suitable evidence in a multi-source Dempster–Shafer (DS) based classification algorithm. The introduced approach has the benefit of providing more reliable solution to detect spams without any prior information. The evidence theory offers flexible support that takes into account the multi-dimensional nature of implementation decisions. The experimental results show that the fuzzy reasoning in combination with DS theory, reduces the conflicts among evidence leading to enhanced classification results. The aim of this paper is to describe the potential of fuzzy reasoning and the Dempster–Shafer Theory (DST) as a decision model for the web spams classification problem.
Associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and peripheral white blood cells in the Normative Aging Study

It has been hypothesized that solar and geomagnetic activity can affect the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and melatonin secretion, both of which may influence immune response. We investigated the association between solar geomagnetic activity and white blood cell counts in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) Cohort between 2000 and 2013. Linear mixed effects models with moving day averages ranging from 0 to 28 days were used to evaluate the effects of solar activity measures, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and sunspot number (SSN), and a measure of geomagnetic activity, K Index (K), on total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocytes, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil concentrations. After adjusting for demographic and health-related factors, there were consistently significant associations between IMF, SSN, and Kp index, with reductions in total WBC, neutrophils, and basophil counts. These associations were stronger with longer moving averages. The associations were similar after adjusting for ambient air particulate pollution and particle radioactivity. Our findings suggest that periods of increased solar and geomagnetic activity result in lower WBC, neutrophil, and basophil counts that may contribute to mil mild immune suppression.
Autothermal reforming of isobutanol over promoted nickel xerogel catalysts for hydrogen production

Abstract Autothermal reforming (ATR) of isobutanol, a bio-based fuel, was investigated for hydrogen production on Ru- promoted Ni xerogel catalysts and under optimized operating conditions to attain lower carbon formation on the catalysts. All the catalysts were prepared by the sol–gel technique. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), pore size, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of H 2 (TPD of H 2 ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) studies to investigate the physicochemical changes occurring due to the reaction. Catalytic autothermal reforming reactions were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The reforming conditions were varied in the temperature range from 600 to 750 °C, space velocity range of 130,000–650,000 h −1 , H 2 O/C molar ratio in the feed between 0 and 4.0, and O/C ratio of 0–1. The 0.3 wt% Ru/10 wt% Ni/Ce(3 wt%) O 2 /ZrO 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst showed high catalytic activity, low carbon deposition, good resistance to sintering and prolonged stability. Ru promotion not only improved hydrogen production appreciably, but also reduced the coke formation under the conditions studied.
The effect of oxidation on the mechanical response and microstructure of porcine aortas

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a product of many cellular functions, has been implicated in many age-related pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular disease. The arterial proteins collagen and elastin may also undergo structural and functional changes due to damage caused by ROS. This study examined the effect of oxidation on the mechanical response of porcine aortas and aorta elastin and the associated changes in structural protein ultrastructure as a step in exploring the role of molecular changes in structural proteins with aging on elastic artery function. We examined the change in mechanical properties of aorta samples after various oxidation times as a first step in understanding how the oxidative environment associated with aging could impact mechanical properties of arterial structural proteins. We used confocal microscopy to visualize how the microstructure of isolated elastin changed with oxidation. We find that short term oxidation of elastin isolated from aortas leads to an increase in material stiffness, but also an increase in the fiber diameter, increase in void space in the matrix, and a decrease in the fiber orientation, possibly due to fiber cross-linking. The short term effects of oxidation on arterial collagen is more complex, with increase in material stiffness seen in the collagen region of the stress stretch curve at low extents of oxidation, but not at high levels of oxidation. These results may provide insight into the relationship between oxidative damage to tissue associated with aging and disease, structure of the arterial proteins elastin and collagen, and arterial mechanical properties and function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3255–3262, 2014
West Nile Meningoencephalitis Presenting as Isolated Bulbar Palsy With Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Case Report and Literature Review

Background:Since the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the WNV neuroinvasive disease has been increasingly reported with a wide spectrum of neuromuscular manifestations. Case: We submit a case of a 46-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse, diabetes, hypertension, and hepatitis C who presented with fever, nausea, shortness of breath, and dysphagia. The patient rapidly developed hypercapnic respiratory failure and was found to have WNV meningoencephalitis without obvious neuromuscular weakness. His hospital course was significant for repeated failures of extubation secondary to persistent bulbar weakness eventually requiring tracheotomy.Conclusion:This is a unique case of WNV meningoencephalitis with bulbar palsy without other neuromuscular manifestations resulting in recurrent hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Ethics, Political Symbols, and Comparative Cultural Analysis: The Case of Chile

This article is about culture, politics, ethics, and symbolism in Chile. More precisely, it is a case study on the relationship among these factors, gleaned from surveys conducted in 2010 and 2012 of Chilean college students and faculty. This survey is part of an overall multiyear and multination study examining the connections among symbols, language, culture, and ethics. In the Chilean case, the concern is with identifying the structure of political symbolism in building, communicating, and cultivating ethical responses. This article equally highlights an interdisciplinary approach that builds on the respective disciplines of the authors: public administration (Smith), international relations and comparative politics (Morris), and economics (Riveros).
High-Resolution Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of SF6

A good deal of effort has been devoted recently to understanding the collisionless multiphoton dissociation (CMPD) of CO2 laser-irradiated SF6 molecules. In the present work we have performed a double-resonance (DR) measurement by using a Q-switched CO2 laser to saturate a variety of υ3-mode transitions in a small volume of SF6 gas at low pressure, and probing that volume using the output of a tunable lead-salt diode laser. Our intent was to yield new insight into the assumed near-resonant excitation up the lower levels of the υ3 ladder by the CO2 laser, a process which, according to theory, is the first stage of CMPD and results in isotopic selectivity. The essential differences between our experiments and previous work [1,2] are that we used a continuously tunable probe source and that our collisionless DR signals, unlike those previously reported [1,2] were not likely the result of excitation into the molecular quasi-continuum.
Color Vision, Philosophical Issues about

The main philosophical issues about color concern whether objects have colors, and what sorts of properties colors are. Some philosophers hold that nothing is colored, others that colors are powers to affect perceivers, and others that colors are physical properties. Keywords: color; vision
David Hume on Monetary Policy: A Retrospective Approach

Monetary policy is a modern idea of which David Hume is generally considered a precursor. Moreover, thanks to Milton Friedman and Robert Lucas, he is often presented as one of the first and most illustrious endorser of monetarism. This paper argues against this view, and in agreement with Joseph Schumpeter, that Hume's contribution to economics, while not insignificant, cannot claim any real novelties. It offers an interpretation of Hume as a descendant of a pre-modern understanding of money rather than a forerunner of modern monetary ideas, and as a scholar exposing common ideas of his time rather than a prophet of economic theories developed centuries later, and argues that there is little in Hume that resembles today's monetary policy prescriptions.
Evaluating shallow flow-system response to climate change through analysis of spring deposits in southwestern Wisconsin, USA

Tufa-depositing springs in the southern Driftless Area of Wisconsin, USA, are used to inform the response of shallow and local groundwater flow systems to changes in climate over the last 3,000 years. The springs emanate from a shallow, unconfined, sedimentary bedrock aquifer and at stratigraphic positions similar to a shallow, perched aquifer that was identified in the eastern Driftless Area. The perched aquifer was shown to be stable under current climate conditions and over decadal time scales. This study provides further evidence of the significance of the stratigraphic interval in controlling shallow groundwater flow patterns in the region and in the stability of shallow and local groundwater flow systems over thousands of years. The tufa carbonates in three cores collected from the mounds adjacent to the springs show variations in stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and elemental (Mg/Ca) values that agree with well-established paleoclimate records for the region, suggesting that the springs were active and depositing tufa in the past, during climate conditions that were similar to the present and during conditions that were drier than the present.
Editorial Thoughts: Rise of the Innovation Commons

That the practice of libraries and librarianship is changing is an understatement. Throughout their history, libraries have adapted and evolved to better meet the needs of the communities served. Framed against the historical development of the library commons and technological support, this piece introduces the concept of an innovation commons as a natural evolution for libraries, from information through learning commons, to the organic development and incorporation of library makerspaces.
A miniature dual-band low-noise amplifier module for IEEE 802.11 b/g/a WLAN applications

This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-noise amplifier module in a single package that is capable of operating in both the 2.4 GHz band and the (4.9-6) GHz band. The module utilizes a MMIC fabricated using Agilent's proprietary low-noise enhancement-mode pHEMT process. A cascode configuration is used to obtain high gain and low currents for the 2.4 GHz band amplifier whilst a two-stage amplifier is used in the 5 GHz band. In the 2.45 GHz band, gain is 17 dB at 14 mA current with 0.9 dB of noise figure. In the 5 GHz band, gain is (22-24)dB at 22 mA and 1.5 dB average noise figure. Input P1dB is -5.5 dBm for the 2.4GHz LNA and typically -14 dBm for the 5 GHz LNA. IIP3 is +5.5 dBm for the 2.4 GHz LNA and typically -2dBm for the 5GHz band. The complete design uses only one RF input matching component external to the MMIC inside the module. The complete LNA is housed in a 3mm /spl times/ 3mm molded chip-on-board package and requires only two external bypass capacitors in actual operation.
Deconvolution of noisy experimental data

Abstract For a givenimpulse function, which describes the influence of apparatus on a data stream, we deconvolved the noisy data by two procedures. The first method develops an iterative scheme that searches for a solution that simultaneously is a best least-squares fit to the data and has minimum length. The second procedure applies the method of circulants to obtain a very fast approximation to the first. Good results are obtained for a synthetic problem utilizing a digital computer.
Positive sets in finite linear function spaces

Abstract This paper is mainly concerned with positive sets and positive functions ina finite linear function space. Our two main results characterize positive functions and minimal positive sets. We then show that certain morphisms preserve both the cone of positive functions and minimal positive sets. Finally we specialize these results to the case of measures on a hypergraph.
High-order nodal discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Maxwell eigenvalue problem

The Maxwell eigenvalue problem is known to pose difficulties for standard numerical methods, predominantly due to its large null space. As an alternative to the widespread use of Galerkin finite-element methods based on curl-conforming elements, we propose to use high-order nodal elements in a discontinuous element scheme. We consider both two- and three-dimensional problems and show the former to be without problems in a wide range of cases. Numerical experiments suggest the validity of this for general problems. For the three-dimensional eigenproblem, we encounter difficulties with a naive formulation of the scheme and propose minor modifications, intimately related to the discontinuous nature of the formulation, to overcome these concerns. We conclude by connecting the findings to time domain solution of Maxwell's equations. The discussion, analysis, and numerous computational experiments suggest that using discontinuous element schemes for solving Maxwell's equation in the frequency or time-domain present a high-order accurate, efficient and robust alternative to classical Galerkin finite-element methods.
Sensitization and Stabilization of TiO2 Photoanodes with Electropolymerized Overlayer Films of Ruthenium and Zinc Polypyridyl Complexes: A Stable Aqueous Photoelectrochemical Cell

Overlayer thin films of vinylbipyridine (vbpy)-containing Ru and Zn complexes have been formed on top of ruthenium dye complexes adsorbed to TiO2 by reductive electropolymerization. The goal was to create an efficient, water-stable photoelectrode or electrodes. An adsorbed-[Ru(vbpy)2(dcb)](PF6)2/poly-[Ru(vbpy)3](PF6)2 surface composite displays excellent stability toward dissolution in water, but the added overlayer film greatly decreases incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) in propylene carbonate with I3-/I- as the carrier couple. An ads-[Ru(vbpy)2(dcb)](PF6)2/poly-[Zn(vbpy)3](PF6)2 composite displays no loss in IPCE compared to ads-[Ru(vbpy)2(dcb)](PF6)2 but is susceptible to film breakdown in the presence of water by solvolysis and loss of the cross-linking Zn2+ ions. Success was attained with an ads-[Ru(vbpy)2(dcb)](PF6)2/poly-[Ru(vbpy)2(dppe)](PF6)2 composite. In this case the electropolymerized layer is transparent in the visible. The composite electrode is stable in water, the ...
Immunocytochemical localization of HLA-DR in human islets of Langerhans.

Previous reports of allogeneic transplantation studies in rodents have postulated that the primary carriers of la antigen in islets of Langerhans are passenger leukocytes. We sought to demonstrate directly the localization of the analogous human antigen, HLA-DR, in islet-enriched fractions (IEFs), utilizing a nonpolymorphic monoclonal anti-DR (αDR) antibody. The presence of DR in the IEFs was first demonstrated by radioimmunobinding assay. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry, in frozen sections of intact (unfixed) human pancreas, revealed a staining pattern suggestive of a vascular distribution of DR in islets. Ultrastructural localization of DR was then carried out by indirect immunoperoxidase labeling in the presence of NaN 3 (to prevent internalization of bound αDR). The major site of DR expression in the islet was the endothelial cell surface. Endocrine cells were entirely devoid of αDR binding. Nonislet endothelium was also heavily labeled, but acinar and ductal cells were completely negative. Leukocytes bound αDR but were relatively rare in the IEFs. Human islets, therefore, clearly express HLA-DR, but predominantly on insular endothelial cells. Isolation of pure endocrine cell populations, specifically free of endothelium, would appear to be a rational approach to reducing immunogenicity in allogeneic transplantation.
Detectors for protein crystallography: an overview of current developments in direct detection and prospects for additional capabilities

The need for higher throughput, higher dynamic range detectors for protein crystallography is stimulating work on new detector concepts. Current detectors such as photo- cathode converters optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) use a two step detection process. The incoming x-ray is converted in the photo-cathode in low energy photons. These longer wavelength photons can be efficiency detected in the CCD where they create an electrical charge. The overall process is quite inefficient as few photons are generated in the primary converter and fewer are collected in the CCD. Due to the scarcity of photons per x-ray an event driven processing of the information is impossible. New approaches favors the direct detection of the incoming photon using either semiconductor detectors, the most commonly used being silicon, or gas detectors with internal amplification. The incoming photons directly create change in the detector at levels sufficient to be processed on a per event basis. All these approaches share common features: event level processing, large dynamic range, and fast readout leading to high throughput. While the primary application is in photon counting these detectors are also capable of providing multi-parameter data such as the measure of the x-ray energy and its time of occurrence. Several groups are working on the development of these detectors using different approaches to the capture of the information and its readout. The capabilities and limitations of these implementations are reviewed.
Thermal Hysteresis Analysis of MEMS Pressure Sensors

Thermal hysteresis reduction is usually a difficult task to tackle for micromachined pressure sensors especially when shrinking the piezoresistive transducer (PRT) sensing element. Since thermal hysteresis involves the entire thermal cycling history and complicated material properties varied with temperatures, viscoplastic deformation makes the problem very complicated when dealing with high-precision sensor signals. The approach to simplify and quickly resolve the thermal hysteresis problem is the key methodology proposed by this paper. The objective of this project is to optimize the metal layout design on the sensing element and lower down the thermal hysteresis. It is time consuming and cost ineffective to rely purely on the hardware tests to solve the thermal hysteresis problem. ANSYS is used to predict the shear stress at the transducer location and the phenomenological theory of silicon piezoresistance is used to calculate the output voltage and thermal hysteresis. The element-death-and-birth technique is used to simulate the bonding process at various temperature levels for the sensing element packaging. With the aid of the finite element analysis (FEA) tool, the PRT sensing element design was quickly optimized and product development cycle time was reduced.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Close pair recombinations in irradiated platinum

Abstract Close Frenkel pair recombinations were studied using programmed linear heating through substages IB and IC following irradiation at temperatures below 7 K. The resistivity of the platinum specimens was measured semi-continuously during annealing and corrections were made for the temperature coefficient of the resistivity increment due to the defects. This procedure yielded data of high density from which precise recovery curves could be constructed. The activation energies of the recovery processes were derived from the magnitude of the temperature shift at equal fractional recoveries with change in heating rate. Each substage is characterized by a range of energies and the energy spectrum is much broader after ion than after electron irradiations. The attempt frequency that corresponds to the vibrational mode of the interstitial that leads to recombination has also been determined for each substage.
Elevated double negative T cells in pediatric autoimmunity.

Purpose Autoimmune diseases are thought to be caused by a loss of self-tolerance of the immune system. One candidate marker of immune dysregulation in autoimmune disease is the presence of increased double negative T cells (DNTs) in the periphery. DNTs are characteristically elevated in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease caused by defective lymphocyte apoptosis due to Fas pathway defects. DNTs have also been found in the peripheral blood of adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where they may be pathogenic. DNTs in children with autoimmune disease have not been investigated.
Nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activities of avian vitelline membrane and oviductal lumen

Abstract Nucleotide triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase, EC 3.6.1.4) is present in the vitelline membrane of the avian egg and increases strikingly, both in total and in specific activity, within a few minutes after ovulation. Protein material found within the lumen of the first part of the oviduct is also high in NTPase activity. Hydrolytic activity toward other phosphate-bearing substrates is minor in the case of both vitelline membrane and oviductal lumen material. Oviductal lumen NTPase is very similar to vitelline membrane NTPase in pH dependency, solubility characteristics, substrate specificities, and electrophoretic mobility. Furthermore, oviductal lumen material has no activating effect on preovulatory vitelline membrane NTPase. It is concluded that the source of vitelline membrane NTPase is material (probably secretory in nature) present in the first part of the oviduct.
Gravity Measurements in the Vicinity of Georges Bank

A total of 97 new bottom gravity measurements on the continental shelf in the vicinity of Georges Bank was reduced to the simple Bouguer anomaly, using a density of 2.80 gm per cm 3 for the correction. Results help substantiate the presence of mafic and felsic intrusive bodies along the northern edge of the bank. A gravity low near the center of the bank, trending northeast, corresponds to the Georges Bank trough. An abrupt change in the gravity gradient near the southeast edge of the bank probably represents the thinning of the crust from continental to oceanic thicknesses. Differences in gravity gradient support the suggestion of a fault along the northern edge of the bank.
McIntosh active-region class similarities and suggestions for mergers

McIntosh active-region classifications reported during a five-year period were examined to determine similarities among the classes. Two methods were used extensively to determine these similarities. The number of transitions among classes were used to determine the most frequent transitions out of each class, and the alternative classes reported for the same region by different sites were used to establish which classes were neighboring classes. These transition frequencies and neighboring classes were used to identify classes that could be eliminated or merged with other classes. Class similarities were used to investigate the relative importance of several pairs of decisions that occur within a single McIntosh parameter. In particular, the redundancy of parameters in some classes was examined, and the class similarities were used to identify which of these parameters could be eliminated. Infrequently reported classes were also considered, and suggestions for mergers were made when similarities between classes could be identified.
Periodic representation of equal matrix grammars

A substantial amount of research in formal grammars recently has been to impose constraints on the use of rules in addition to the restrictions on the form of the rules of grammars. Time-variant grammars and equal matrix grammars are amoung them. It has been shown here that for each equal matrix grammar, there is a procedure to systematically construct the almost right linear periodic grammar equivalent to it.
Jitter Suppression: A Data Processing Approach

The problem of suppressing the effects of line-of-sight (LOS) jitter in staring mosaic sensors is approached from the viewpoint of both real time and postprocessing of the corrupted focal plane data. Fundamental limits on the joint observability of LOS motion and spatial scene gradients are established as a function of the level of sensor and background characterization information assumed to be available. It is shown that although separability cannot be assured in most cases of interest, the effects of jitter can be estimated and synchronously subtracted from focal plane data. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate signal to noise improvements in excess of a factor of ten.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effects of Age and Task Context on Stroop Task Performance

In this study, we investigated the impact of age and task context on Stroop task performance, using error scores, response latencies, and process dissociation estimates (e.g., Lindsay & Jacoby, 1994). Across three experiments, the findings showed that although older adults were able to evaluate Stroop task demands and modify their representations of task context in response to this knowledge, they were less able to maintain and update these representations on a trial-by-trial basis in tasks with high stimulus uncertainty or ambiguity. Moreover, although there was no age-related decline in the ability to modulate print color information, older adults were consistently less able to control the activation of conflicting word information. Together, these findings suggest that whereas age differences in the Stroop task may be magnified under conditions that promote transient failures to maintain task context, the primary source of these differences seems to be a more enduring decline in the efficiency of processes that are responsible for suppressing the activation of irrelevant lexical information.
Plastic deformation of higly doped Silicon

Abstract Heavily boron doped membranes are shown to be under tensile intrinsic stress with a negative intrinsic bending moment. However, the use of an oxide etc