cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Momentum and heat transfer in laminar boundary-layer flows of non-Newtonian fluids past external surfaces

A theoretical analysis for the laminar flow past arbitrary external surfaces of non-Newtonian fluids of the power-law model is presented. The main problem which is considered is how to predict the drag and the rate of heat transfer from an isothermal surface to the fluid. Inspectional analysis of the modified boundary-layer equations yields a general relationship both for the drag coefficient and for the Nusselt number as functions of the generalized Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The flow past a horizontal flat plate is studied in detail numerically.
Schrödinger-dirac spaces of entire functions

A study is made of some Hilbert spaces of entire function which appear in the quantum mechanical theory of the hydrogen atoms. These spaces are examples in the theory of Hilbert spaces whose elements are entire functions and which have certain given properties. 1 reference. (JFP)
Minimax Input Shaper Design Using Linear Programming

The focus of this paper is on the design of robust input shapers where the maximum value of the cost function over the domain of uncertainty is minimized. This nonlinear programming problem is reformulated as a linear programming problem by approximating a n-dimensional hypersphere with multiple hyperplanes (as in a geodesic dome). A recursive technique to approximate a hypersphere to any level of accuracy is developed using barycentric coordinates. The proposed technique is illustrated on the spring-mass-dashpot and the benchmark floating oscillator problem undergoing a rest-to-rest maneuver. It is shown that the results of the linear programming problem are nearly identical to that of the nonlinear programming problem.
Neonatal pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the rat and lung changes with aging

The aims of this study were to determine if neonatal hyperoxia exposure causes permanent lung damage and to define the relationship between neonatal lung oxygen toxicity and aging. Sprague-Dawley newborn rats (n = 85) breathed 100% oxygen (O2) or room air (RA) during the first 8 days of life, and then RA. At 2 and 22 months of age we assessed right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP), RV weight, saline and air pressure-volume curves, volume density of lung parenchyma and nonparenchyma, parenchymal air space (PAS), mean linear intercept (Lm), number of small arteries/mm2 and the extent of their medial muscularization. Aging in RA did not affect the RVSP, RV weight, the number of small arteries/mm2, or their muscularization. The maximal lung volume/g of dry lung and the elastic recoil pressure between 40 and 90% maximal lung volume decreased. The volume density of lung parenchyma increased but the fraction of the lung parenchyma that was PAS decreased and that of the alveolar septa and Lm increased. The O2-treated rats at 60 days of age had increased RVSP and RV weights with a decrease in the small arteries/mm2. The lung parenchymal volume density and PAS increased and the density of alveolar septa decreased. The Lm increased and the alveoli/mm2 and elastic recoil pressure decreased. The lung damage seen in the O2-treated rats at 60 days persisted and in addition underwent the changes seen in the aging controls. However, the extent of muscularization of the arteries decreased. We conclude that neonatal hyperoxia causes permanent functional and structural changes of the lung but these do not interact with aging; that is, the effects of O2 toxicity and aging are additive but not synergistic. Pediatr Pulmonal 1990; 9:96–108.
Nothing Tastes as Good as Thin Feels Low Positive Emotion Differentiation and Weight-Loss Activities in Anorexia Nervosa

Positive emotion (PE) has not been well studied in anorexia nervosa. Low positive emotion differentiation (PED), which involves a diminished ability to distinguish between discrete PEs, may contribute to PE dysregulation in anorexia. Specifically, low PED may interact with elevated PE intensity to both motivate and reinforce weight-loss and evaluation behaviors. Using ecological momentary assessment, we examined PE and weight-loss behaviors reported during a 2-week period. As hypothesized, low PED predicted more vomiting, laxative use, exercising, weighing, checking for fat, and restricting. Furthermore, participants with low PED who experienced elevated average PE intensity reported even more frequent behaviors. Within-subjects analyses indicated that for participants with low PED, more weight-loss behaviors at one recording predicted elevated PE at the subsequent recording. Similarly, for participants with low PED, higher momentary PE predicted more subsequent weight-loss behaviors. Thus, low PED in ano...
THE LABELING OF CULTURED CELLS OF ACER WITH (14C)PROLINE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

The distribution of the radioactivity from [14C]proline that is bound in cultured cells of Acer has been determined by electron microscope autoradiography. In this way proline may be related to the cell wall as a morphological entity rather than as a fraction in a biochemical separation of a heterogeneous crop of cells. The cells in culture may vary greatly. Some are active growing, turgid cells, with thin protoplasts tightly pressed against their walls; in others the protoplasts may spontaneously withdraw from the wall; in still others the protoplasts disorganize, and walls thicken and become sculptured as the cells differentiate and even senesce. Different culturing practices may affect the status of the cells, and this, in turn, affects the distribution of radioactivity from proline in the cells. Cells which are actively growing, turgid, and nucleated have the highest grain density in their protoplasts and nuclei; as the protoplasts of such cells withdraw from their walls, they retain the bulk of the radioactivity. On the other hand, in cells which have thickened walls and sparse protoplast contents, the radioactivity is accumulated in their walls. A high content of proline and hydroxyproline-rich protein is, therefore, not a necessary or invariable feature of the cell walls of cultured Acer cells but depends on the state of development of these cells.
Suppression of Serum Gonadotropin Levels by Testosterone and Porcine Follicular Fluid in Castrate Male Rats

The identification of the testicular negative feedback hormone(s) regulating the secretion of FSH has been a controversial area, with adherents of an inhibin or testosterone. We castrated and cannulated male rats and gave immediate testosterone replacement by Silastic implants using two doses: the lower for its known marginal suppression of serum LH, and the higher to match serum testosterone in intact males. On day 3, each rat was sampled at 0800 h for testosterone, LH, and FSH and then received charcoal-extracted porcine serum or porcine follicular fluid; blood was again removed at 1800 h. On days 6 and 12, the same procedures were carried out, but on day 7, the steroid implants were removed. On day 3, the testosterone threshold for the suppression of FSH was identical to that for the suppression of LH (≥1.1 ng/ml). The higher dose of testosterone suppressed both LH and FSH to near-intact levels. By day 6, testosterone was less successful in suppressing either LH or FSH. Follicular fluid suppressed FSH ...
Pathways to the Clinician’s Experience of Empathy in Engaging Single Mothers at Risk for Physical Abuse of their Children

Based upon an analysis of interviews from a qualitative study with twelve agency-based clinical social workers, this paper recounts three “situational pathways” through which these workers were able to experience empathy in the process of engaging low-income single mothers whose presenting picture involved physical aggression toward their symptomatic children who the workers were also seeing for therapy. The paper describes and utilizes self-psychological and intersubjective concepts to understand the therapeutic contexts that may enhance the worker’s potential for experientially understanding the client’s viewpoint. The relevance of the findings for practice and training is discussed.
Prediction of Maximum Oxygen Uptake Using Both Exercise and Non-Exercise Data

This study sought to develop a regression model to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on submaximal treadmill exercise (EX) and non-exercise (N-EX) data involving 116 participants, ages 18–65 years. The EX data included the participants' self-selected treadmill speed (at a level grade) when exercise heart rate first reached at least 70% of predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax; 220 – age) by the end of any one of three 4-min consecutive stages involving walking (3.0–4.0 mph; Stage 1), jogging (4.1–6.0 mph; Stage 2), and running (> 6.0 mph; Stage 3). The N-EX data included various demographic (age, gender), biometric (body mass), and questionnaire (participants' perceived functional ability [PFA] to walk, jog, or run given distances, and their self-reported level of physical activity [PA-R]) information. All participants (n = 100) who completed the study requirements and successfully achieved a maximal level of exertion during a graded exercise test (GXT) to assess VO2max (mean ± SD; 41.39 ± 9.15 m...
Targeting of NH2-terminal–processed Microsomal Protein to Mitochondria: A Novel Pathway for the Biogenesis of Hepatic Mitochondrial P450MT2

Cytochrome P4501A1 is a hepatic, microsomal membrane–bound enzyme that is highly induced by various xenobiotic agents. Two NH2-terminal truncated forms of this P450, termed P450MT2a and MT2b, are also found localized in mitochondria from β-naphthoflavone–induced livers. In this paper, we demonstrate that P4501A1 has a chimeric NH2-terminal signal that facilitates the targeting of the protein to both the ER and mitochondria. The NH2-terminal 30–amino acid stretch of P4501A1 is thought to provide signals for ER membrane insertion and also stop transfer. The present study provides evidence that a sequence motif immediately COOH-terminal (residues 33–44) to the transmembrane domain functions as a mitochondrial targeting signal under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, and that the positively charged residues at positions 34 and 39 are critical for mitochondrial targeting. Results suggest that 25% of P4501A1 nascent chains, which escape ER membrane insertion, are processed by a liver cytosolic endoprotease. We postulate that the NH2-terminal proteolytic cleavage activates a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that a portion of transiently expressed P4501A1 is colocalized with the mitochondrial-specific marker protein cytochrome oxidase subunit I. The mitochondrial-associated MT2a and MT2b are localized within the inner membrane compartment, as tested by resistance to limited proteolysis in both intact mitochondria and mitoplasts. Our results therefore describe a novel mechanism whereby proteins with chimeric signal sequence are targeted to the ER as well as to the mitochondria.
The Metabolism of Iron by Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizospheric Bacteria

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria require iron for rhizospheric growth as well as for plant-associated symbiotic activities. One of the iron uptake systems involves siderophores and bacteria produce a great diversity of ferric ion chelators in iron-limited environments. This review examines some of the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including Azotobacter vinelandii which produces three different examples of iron-binding catecholates. Frankia and bacteria of the rhizobial group also produce siderophores and many of the rhizobia are capable of using different forms of chelated iron. When grown in pure culture, Frankia and rhizobia produce siderophores; however, when grown symbiotically the production of siderophores is not fully resolved. The growth of symbiotic bacteria in planta is highly complex and this review examines some of the metabolic activities of iron in this environment. While the hemoglobin in the nodules of plants promotes bacterial metabolism, there are numerous details that need clarification with respect to cellular regulation in a low oxygen environment. Additionally, this review calls attention to the oxygen stress response that may be attributed to oxidation of non-chelated ferric ions which could be a consequence of siderophores with a low iron affinity.
Magnetic field changes in the inner magnetosphere of Jupiter

While the outer magnetosphere of Jupiter is very dynamic, powered ultimately by mass loading at the moon, 10, the magnitude of the magnetic field in the inner and middle magnetospheres is very steady. Small deviations with orbit to orbit variations of typically 5 nT do occur, presumably caused by variations in the magnetodisk current. We develop an index of the magnetodisk current from models of the interior and exterior field subtracting these models from the observations, adjusting for long term effects while leaving the orbit to orbit variations. While we use the radial range from 11 to 12 jovian radii for computing our index, the same values for the index would be obtained over a wide range of radial distances. The present internal field as deduced from the Galileo fluxgate magnetometer data differs somewhat from earlier models. Whether this is due to secular variation or due to errors in the original models is difficult to determine. We obtain a dipole longitude of 160.0’+ 0.6” and a tilt of 9.8“ + 0.1”.
Diagnostic utility of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine immunohistochemistry in melanocytic proliferations

Decreased hydroxymethylated cytosine (5-hydroxymethycytosine, 5-hmC) is reported to correlate with melanocyte dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of this observation. 5-hmC immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays containing 171-melanocytic lesions from two different institutions. An immunohistochemical staining score representing the percentage and intensity of nuclear staining was assigned. The performance characteristics of 5-hmC immunohistochemistry for discriminating between a nevus and melanoma were determined. Additional cases of melanoma arising in a nevus (n = 8), nodal nevi (n = 5) and melanoma micrometastases to a lymph node (n = 6) were also assessed. Pronounced 5-hmC loss was observed in melanomas when compared with nevi (mean ± standard deviation = 6.71 ± 11.78 and 55.19 ± 23.66, respectively, p < 0.0001). While the mean immunohistochemical staining score values for melanocytic nevi and melanoma were distinct, there was considerable variability in immunohistochemical staining score within a single diagnostic category. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay for nevus vs. melanoma is 92.74 and 97.78%, respectively. Distinct biphasic staining patterns were observed in cases of melanoma arising in association with a nevus. Relative changes of 5-hmC expression within a single lesion may be more informative than absolute values when using 5-hmC as a diagnostic adjunct.
Dissociation, posttraumatic symptomatology, and sexual revictimization: A prospective examination of mediator and moderator effects

Using prospective data gathered from a sample of 323 college women over a 10-week academic quarter, the present study examined whether dissociation and posttraumatic symptomatology mediate or moderate sexual revictimization. Results indicated that posttraumatic symptomatology, but not dissociation, moderated the link between previous and subsequent sexual victimization. Neither posttraumatic symptomatology nor dissociation mediated revictimization.
Activities of ABT-773 against Microaerophilic and Fastidious Organisms

ABT-773 was tested against 317 fastidious isolates; it inhibited 99% of organisms at a concentration of 4.0 μg/ml. With ampicillin-sulbactam and levofloxacin, only 2 and 6% of these strains, respectively, were resistant at the breakpoint. With clindamycin, penicillin G, and metronidazole, 22, 26, and 58% of the strains, respectively, were resistant.
Effect of risedronate on hip structural geometry: a 1-year, double-blind trial in chemotherapy-induced postmenopausal women.

Abstract Introduction Chemotherapy-induced menopause is associated with bone loss. The effect on structural geometry is unknown. Our objective was to determine if oral bisphosphonate therapy could maintain or improve femoral geometry in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced menopause. Methods This preplanned 1 year interim, secondary analysis of the R isedronate's E ffect on B one loss in B reast CA ncer Study (REBBeCA Study) examined hip structure analysis (HSA), i.e. changes in the bone cross-sectional area (bone CSA), section modulus (SM: measure of bending strength), cortical thickness (CT) and buckling ratio (BR: index of cortical bone stability), in a double-blind trial of 87 newly postmenopausal, nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, randomized to risedronate, 35 mg once weekly (RIS) versus placebo (PBO). Results After 12 months, intertrochanteric parameters demonstrated percentage improvement (RIS vs. PBO) from baseline in bone CSA (mean ± SD: 4.25 ± 6.29 vs. 0.60 ± 5.99%), SM (3.97 ± 6.40 vs. 0.80 ± 7.08%), and CT [5.20 ± 6.98 vs. 1.13 ± 6.87% (all p -values p = 0,0643)]. Similar improvements were observed at the femoral shaft [bone CSA: 2.24 ± 5.74 vs. − 0.78 ± 5.73%; SM: 1.62 ± 6.23 vs. − 1.39 ± 7.06%; CT: 3.79 ± 7.84 vs. − 0.17 ± 7.90% (all p -values p = p = 0.0568)]. At both sites, the BR had significant decreases consistent with improved strength. Conclusion We conclude that RIS improves measures of hip structural geometry in women with breast cancer following chemotherapy.
Analytical Modeling Methods

Analytical modeling complements traditional evaluation techniques like usability testing. Given some representation or model of the interface or the user, these methods enable the evaluator to inexpensively predict usability. A wide range of modeling techniques have been developed for non-web interfaces, and they support different types of analyses as discussed in [Ivory, 2001; Ivory and Hearst, 2001]. We are not aware of analytical modeling approaches that have been developed for use in the web site evaluation domain.
Inkjet printable and low annealing temperature gate-dielectric based on polymethylsilsesquioxane for flexible n-channel OFETs

Abstract We report on inkjet printable gate-dielectric based on a spin-on-glass (SOG) material for applications in n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The SOG material is polymethylsilsesquioxane in alcohol mixture. After annealed at 135 °C in air, the SOG films are well crosslinked and have a good resistance against alcohol, which allows for the inkjet printing of Ag gate electrodes on top of the SOG dielectric. The crosslinked SOG films are very dense, and can withstand high electric field. This is very beneficial to the operation of transistors. In addition, the SOG films have very low hydroxyl content after annealing. This property is very important for n-type transistors. After ink formulation, this SOG dielectric has an excellent inkjet-ability with good uniformity and reproducibility. By using Polyera's P(NDI2OD-T2) as the semiconductor and SOG as the dielectric, bottom-contact top-gated n-type transistors were successfully fabricated on PET substrates with electron mobility above 0.1 cm2/V and high on/off ratio well above 105. These remarkable results demonstrate that this newly formulated SOG dielectric is a promising candidate for the future development of flexible electronic devices.
Off-label drug use in women with breast cancer

1016 Background: Despite reports of widespread use of off-label agents in cancer treatment, little is known about the off-label use of agents in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) - Medicare linked database to identify 2082 persons older than 65 years who were diagnosed with distant stage breast cancer between 1991 and 2002 and who were treated with chemotherapy between diagnosis and death. Off versus on-label classification was based upon FDA-approved indication in the treatment of breast cancer. We calculated the percentage of patients receiving off-label chemotherapy and used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate predictors of off-label chemotherapy use. We also evaluated the appropriateness of off-label chemotherapy drugs using DRUGDEX classifications. Results: Overall, 34.9% of patients were treated with off-label chemotherapy drugs. Of the thirty-six agents that were used to treat these patients, on...
Crystal Identification Recipes

We treat first the identification of crystals in grain mounts by the immersion method, then of whole rocks crushed in grain mounts, and then an overview of thin section procedures.
First record of the Indo-Pacific areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea.

The number of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is steadily increasing and it seems that the pace has been accelerating since the turn of the century (Galil et al. 2014). In 2015 alone five additional fish species have been reported, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Golani et al. 2015); Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) (Fricke et al. 2015); Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) (Stern et al. 2015); Mobula japanica (Muller & Henle, 1841) (Capape et al. 2015); and Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (Ruppell, 1830) (Rothman & Goren 2015). Among the ca. 100 alien fish species reported from the Mediterranean to date (Galil & Goren 2014), five Indo-Pacific species belong to the genus Epinephelus Bloch, 1793: Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskal, 1775), Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1804) Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 (Golani et al. 2013a) and Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Golani et al. 2015). Additional alien Epinephelus species reported from the Mediterranean are excluded for various reasons (Golani et al. 2013b). Here we report the finding of a sixth Indo-Pacific species of this genus along the Mediterranean coast of Israel.
Cancer Mortality Among a Representative Sample of Nonsmokers in the United States During 1966–68

Data are presented on cancer and total mortality among a representative sample of nonsmokers and the total population 35--84 years of age in the United States during 1966--68 that measured the influence of cigarette smoking on mortality rates, independent of other health-related factors. Of all U.S. white males, those who never smoked cigarettes have a total age-adjusted cancer death rate which is 37% less than that of males as a whole and 53% less than that of those who currently smoke cigarettes. Correspondingly, of all U.S. white females, those who never smoked cigarettes have a total age-adjusted cancer death rate which is 15% less than females as a whole and 33% less than that of those who currently smoke cigarettes. The largest cancer rate reduction in the nonsmokers is concentrated in the respiratory system. Nonsmokers have an age-adjusted total death rate which is about 20% less than the population as a whole and about 43% less than current cigarette smokers. These and other results and methodologic issues are discussed.
Design and process technology co-optimization with SADP BEOL in sub-10nm SRAM bitcell

Due to the resolution limit of the lithography tools, multiple patterning technologies are being introduced to the back-end of the line (BEOL). For example, LELELE (or LE3, triple litho-etch) or SADP (self-aligned double patterning) [1] are already implemented in 10nm node technology based on a polygon's geometry, its orientation and pitch requirement. However, metal architecture, arrangement of signal and power lines in a metal layer or across metal layers, cause a significant impact on operating performance as well as determine the metal's orientation, which is also an important element for lithographic performance. Therefore, all the factors should be addressed together to arrive at an optimal chip performance.
Chymotrypsin Inhibitor Stimulation of Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion in the Rat

SummaryExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chymotrypsin inhibitor on pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat, and to compare the response to that evoked by soy bean trypsin inhibitor.Potato chymotrypsin inhibitor evoked a moderately exaggerated pancreatic response compared to casein-fed controls, as demonstrated by a depletion of pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities, and a concomitant increase in the activities of intestinal trypsin and lipase. The PCI-induced response was not nearly as pronounced as that produced by SBTI, in addition to being somewhat delayed.Intestinal trypsin activity in SBTI-fed rats, and chymotrypsin activity in PCI-fed rats, were much less than in controls—often lower than in the fasting state—reflecting an almost total inhibition of the enzymes by their inhibitors as they passed through the gut. In rats fed SBTI, the large increase in intestinal proteolytic enzyme activity was due almost exclusively to chymotrypsin.
Two‐Pore K+ Channel TREK‐1 Regulates Sinoatrial Node Membrane Excitability

Background Two‐pore K+ channels have emerged as potential targets to selectively regulate cardiac cell membrane excitability; however, lack of specific inhibitors and relevant animal models has impeded the effort to understand the role of 2‐pore K+ channels in the heart and their potential as a therapeutic target. The objective of this study was to determine the role of mechanosensitive 2‐pore K+ channel family member TREK‐1 in control of cardiac excitability. Methods and Results Cardiac‐specific TREK‐1–deficient mice (αMHC‐ Kcnk f/f) were generated and found to have a prevalent sinoatrial phenotype characterized by bradycardia with frequent episodes of sinus pause following stress. Action potential measurements from isolated αMHC‐ Kcnk2 f/f sinoatrial node cells demonstrated decreased background K+ current and abnormal sinoatrial cell membrane excitability. To identify novel pathways for regulating TREK‐1 activity and sinoatrial node excitability, mice expressing a truncated allele of the TREK‐1–associated cytoskeletal protein βIV‐spectrin ( qv 4J mice) were analyzed and found to display defects in cell electrophysiology as well as loss of normal TREK‐1 membrane localization. Finally, the βIV‐spectrin/TREK‐1 complex was found to be downregulated in the right atrium from a canine model of sinoatrial node dysfunction and in human cardiac disease. Conclusions These findings identify a TREK‐1–dependent pathway essential for normal sinoatrial node cell excitability that serves as a potential target for selectively regulating sinoatrial node cell function.
Trees: a powerful geomorphic agent governing the landscape evolution of a subtropical wetland

Transpiration-driven ion accumulation in soil has been invoked as a biological and physical feedback mechanism in wetlands that governs topographic differences by regulating soil accretion—with greater transpiration, ion accumulation and soil accretion occurring on tree islands as compared to the surrounding marsh. The strength of this mechanism is hypothesized to be controlled by the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to precipitation (P), where under greater ET to P conditions soil accretion may move from organic to mineral in nature. We tested the existence of this mechanism on tree islands in a subtropical wetland, determined if it supports mineral soil formation, and assessed its control on the development of nutrient resource contrasts (tree islands–marsh). To test our hypotheses, biannual measurements of groundwater, surface water and aboveground biomass were made from 2007 to 2012. Water samples were analyzed for water isotopes, concentrations of major ions, and total and dissolved nutrients on constructed tree islands. We found that tree transpiration led to the advective movement of water and associated ions toward the center of the tree islands, supporting CaCO3 precipitation. CaCO3 accretion on the tree islands was estimated at roughly 1 mm per decade, and represented 5 % of the total soil accretion since the islands’ planting. We also observed depletion in groundwater nutrient concentrations as tree biomass accumulated, indicative of tight nutrient cycling. This work provides direct evidence that trees can act as powerful geomorphic agents in wetland systems, forming mineral soils that support landscape heterogeneity on time scales of centuries to millennia.
The Chancellor’s Chains: Ex-Votos and Marian Devotion in the «Rimado de Palacio»

The purpose of this article is to analyse poems in the Pero Lopez de Ayala’s Rimado de Palacio that refer to the Chancellor’s imprisonment in Portugal, and include pleas for deliverance as well as vows in which the poet promises to visit Marian shrines to venerate the Virgin. In this part of the book, Lopez de Ayala employs the image of chains, not only as a traditional symbol of imprisonment in a sinful world, but also in the context of the poet’s real imprisonment and the intention to present this material object as a votive offering. Aspects of the Marian section of the Rimado de Palacio can therefore be compared to texts found in collections of miracles and sermons which recorded the Virgin’s intervention in the deliverance of prisoners, the fulfilment of pilgrimage vows, and the presentation of ex-votos. The Chancellor on the one hand expresses his personal devotion, from an autobiographic perspective; and on the other he evokes the collective experience of past and present pilgrims at the shrines of Montserrat, Guadalupe and other holy places. At the same time, the poet associates his chains with those of St. Peter, and appeals for the unity of the papacy and the Church.
Ingestion of Laundry Detergent Packets in Children

Ingestion of laundry detergent packets is an important threat to young children. Because of their developmental stage, toddlers are prone to place these small, colorful packets in their mouths. The packets can easily burst, sending a large volume of viscous, alkaline liquid throughout the oropharynx. Ingestion causes major toxic effects, including depression of the central nervous system, metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, and dysphagia. Critical care nurses should anticipate these clinical effects and facilitate prompt intervention. Increased understanding of the risks and clinical effects of ingestion of laundry detergent packets will better prepare critical care nurses to provide care for these children. (Critical Care Nurse 2016; 36[4]:70-75).
Simulation and experimental studies in needle-tissue interactions.

This work aims to introduce a new needle insertion simulation to predict the deflection of a bevel-tip needle inside soft tissue. The development of such a model, which predicts the steering behavior of the needle during needle-tissue interactions, could improve the performance of many percutaneous needle-based procedures such as brachytherapy and thermal ablation, by means of the virtual path planning and training systems of the needle toward the target and thus reducing possible incidents of complications in clinical practices. The Arbitrary–Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation in LS-DYNA software was used to model the solid–fluid interactions between the needle and tissue. Since both large deformation and fracture of the continuum need to be considered in this model, applying ALE method for fluid analysis was considered a suitable approach. A 150 mm long needle was used to bend within the tissue due to the interacting forces on its asymmetric bevel tip. Three experimental cases of needle steering in a soft phantom were performed to validate the simulation. An error measurement of less than 10 % was found between the predicted deflection by the simulations and the one observed in experiments, validating our approach with reasonable accuracy. The effect of the needle diameter and its bevel tip angle on the final shape of the needle was investigated using this model. To maneuver around the anatomical obstacles of the human body and reach the target location, thin sharp needles are recommended, as they would create a smaller radius of curvature. The insertion model presented in this work is intended to be used as a base structure for path planning and training purposes for future studies.
Borderline personality disorder in youth: The prospective impact of child abuse on non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality

Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by greater engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality. The aim of the study is to test whether the occurrence of child abuse contributes to these high-risk behaviors in BPD youth. Materials and Methods BPD female youth aged 13-21 years with (n = 29) and without (n = 29) a history of child abuse were administered clinical interviews assessing diagnostic history, child abuse, NSSI and suicidality (i.e., ideation, plans, attempts). NSSI and suicidality were subsequently reevaluated at the 1- and 2-month follow-up assessments. Results Several findings emerged. First, relative to BPD youth without abuse, the abuse group reported greater past NSSI; however, no significant differences emerged in the follow-up period. Second, the occurrence of child abuse was associated with a 5-fold increase in the rate of lifetime suicide attempts relative to the no abuse group and additionally, prospectively predicted suicide ideation (but not attempts). Last, exploratory analyses indicated that the co-occurrence of physical and sexual abuse was associated with greater past NSSI and suicidality as compared to the no abuse and sexual abuse only participants. Conclusion As a whole, child abuse--particularly co-occurring physical and sexual abuse-- increases risk for NSSI and suicidality among BPD youth, which may have important treatment implications in this high-risk population. Language: en
Hepatic Stellate Cell Selective Disruption of Dynamin-2 GTPase Increases Murine Fibrogenesis through Up-Regulation of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate–Induced Cell Migration

Dynamin-2 (Dyn2) is implicated in endocytosis of receptor tyrosine kinases, which contribute to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. A point mutation converting lysine 44 of Dyn2 to alanine (Dyn2K44A) disrupts its GTPase activity. We hypothesized that Dyn2K44A expression in HSCs would decrease HSC activation and fibrogenesis in vivo by disrupting receptor tyrosine kinase endocytosis and signaling. Dyn2K44Afl/fl mice were crossed with Collagen1-Cre (Col1Cre) mice to generate offspring with HSC selective expression of Dyn2K44A (Col1Cre/Dyn2K44Afl/fl). Contrary to our hypothesis, Col1Cre/Dyn2K44Afl/fl mice showed increased hepatic fibrosis in response to liver injury. To elucidate mechanisms, we conducted in vitro experiments with HSCs infected with adenoviral vectors encoding LacZ, Dyn2K44A, or Dyn2WT. HSC-expressing Dyn2K44A displayed increased mRNA and protein levels of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), an enzyme previously implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. To study the functional effects of Dyn2K44A regulation of SK1, we examined effects of AKT signaling and migration in HSCs. Dyn2K44A promoted both AKT phosphorylation and HSC migration in an SK1-dependent manner. Genetic disruption of Dyn2 GTPase activity selectively in HSC enhances fibrogenesis, driven at least in part through up-regulation of the SK1 pathway and cell migration in HSCs.
Assessing the sustainability of daily chlorhexidine bathing in the intensive care unit of a Veteran’s Hospital by examining nurses’ perspectives and experiences

Daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) of intensive care unit (ICU) patients has been shown to reduce healthcare-associated infections and colonization by multidrug resistant organisms. The objective of this project was to describe the process of daily CHG bathing and identify the barriers and facilitators that can influence its successful adoption and sustainability in an ICU of a Veterans Administration Hospital. We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 4 nurse managers (NMs), 13 registered nurses (RNs) and 9 health care technicians (HCTs) working in the ICU. We used qualitative content analysis to code and analyze the data. Dedoose software was used to facilitate data management and coding. Trustworthiness and scientific integrity of the data were ensured by having two authors corroborate the coding process, conducting member checks and keeping an audit trail of all the decisions made. Duration of the interviews was 15 to 39 min (average = 26 min). Five steps of bathing were identified: 1) decision to give a bath; 2) ability to give a bath; 3) decision about which soap to use; 4) delegation of a bath; and 5) getting assistance to do a bath. The bathing process resulted in one of the following three outcomes: 1) complete bath; 2) interrupted bath; and 3) bath not done. The outcome was influenced by a combination of barriers and facilitators at each step. Most barriers were related to perceived workload, patient factors, and scheduling. Facilitators were mainly organizational factors such as the policy of daily CHG bathing, the consistent supply of CHG soap, and support such as reminders to conduct CHG baths by nurse managers. Patient bathing in ICUs is a complex process that can be hindered and interrupted by numerous factors. The decision to use CHG soap for bathing was only one of 5 steps of bathing and was largely influenced by scheduling/workload and patient factors such as clinical stability, hypersensitivity to CHG, patient refusal, presence of IV lines and general hygiene. Interventions that address the organizational, provider, and patient barriers to bathing could improve adherence to a daily CHG bathing protocol.
Abstract S5-07: Aromatase inhibitors and endothelial function: Is there an association with early cardiovascular disease?

Background: As more women are cured from their breast cancer, survivors with early stage breast cancer are at greater risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than their breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have been shown to reduce breast cancer-related mortality in women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease which makes up 75% of all breast cancer cases. The use of AIs has been associated with higher rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, angina pectoris and ischemic cardiovascular disease. In the aging population taking AIs, little is known about the direct impact of AIs on endothelial function, a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction identified by reactive hyperemia using Endo-PAT has been associated with an increased risk of cardiac adverse events, independent of Framingham risk score. Methods: At the University of Minnesota in 2014-2015, 25 healthy postmenopausal women and 36 postmenopausal women with locally advanced breast cancer and prescribed an aromatase inhibitor were identified. Subjects with a history of hypertension or hyperlipidemia were excluded. Consented subjects underwent biomarker analysis and pulse wave analysis using the HDI/Pulse Wave CR-2000 Cardiovascular Profiling System and pulse contour analysis using the Endo-PAT2000 system. Biomarkers and functional test markers were compared between cases and controls using T-tests and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Results: Mean age (61.7 vs 58.8 years), body mass index (27.4 vs 26.2 kg/m2), race (93% vs 92% Caucasian), and tobacco use (100% nonsmokers) were similar between cases and controls, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure (BP) was elevated in cases (128.3 mmHg vs 114.5 mmHg, p=0.0006). There were no differences in lipid profiles. Median ultrasensitive estradiol levels were reduced in cases (2 vs 15 pg/mL, p Conclusion: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer on AIs have reductions in endothelial function, a predictor of adverse cardiovascular disease (acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac death). With the growing trend that longer duration of endocrine therapy is needed, further work is needed to confirm these findings. Citation Format: Blaes AH, Beckwith H, Hebbel R, Solovey A, Potter D, Yee D, Vogel R, Luepker R, Duprez D. Aromatase inhibitors and endothelial function: Is there an association with early cardiovascular disease? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S5-07.
Handshake-free zone in a neonatal intensive care unit: Initial feasibility study

Background The handshake represents a social custom with special importance in health care settings. However, handshakes can transmit disease and compliance with hand hygiene protocols averages Methods We established an HFZ and conducted a prospective cohort study in the NICU at 2 UCLA Medical Centers. Data collection tools included questionnaires for NICU families and their HCPs. Results Handshake greetings occurred more frequently before than during the HFZ, as reported by HCPs ( P = .0002) and patient families ( P = .05). Before the HFZ, physicians were more likely than nurses to shake hands with patient families ( P = .001), and believe the handshake was extremely important ( P = .002); during the HFZ physicians' behaviors and attitudes shifted toward those of the nurses. All patient families and 66% of HCPs believed the NICU should consider establishing an HFZ. Conclusions The HFZ decreased the frequency of handshakes within the NICU. The influence of the HFZ on HCP behavior and attitudes varied with gender and profession. Patient families and most HCPs supported the implementation of an HFZ.
Reciprocal relations between syntax and tense/agreement morphology in children’s interpretation of input: A look at children with specific language impairment

There is growing evidence that the grammatical errors reflected in the speech of young children are often related to the nature of the input in the ambient language. Although theoretical frameworks differ in the degree to which input plays a role, there is acknowledgment that children require more input than previously assumed to resolve apparent grammatical ambiguities in the sentences they hear. In languages such as English, tense and agreement morphology seems especially at the mercy of correct interpretation of the input. This review discusses possible input-related reasons for the relatively late mastery of tense and agreement (and related) morphology in English-speaking children, and the especially protracted period of tense and agreement inconsistency in the speech of children with specific language impairment. It is noted that there is a reciprocal relation here. On the one hand, the children’s failure to grasp particular syntactic structures can lead to the extraction and inappropriate use of ver...
Transcriptomic Sequencing Reveals a Biosignature for Myocardial Reductive Stress

Background The nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2/Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant gene transcription. We recently identified that constitutive activation of Nrf2 (CaNrf2) caused reductive stress (RS) in the myocardium. Here, we investigate how chronic Nrf2 activation alters the mRNA transcriptome in the hearts of CaNrf2 transgenic mice using an unbiased integrated systems approach and next generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) followed by qRT-PCR methods. Methods Cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing the constitutively active form of Nrf2 were generated using a construct lacking a functional Neh2 domain responsible for Keap1 repression. Founder lines expressing the transgene at low (TGL) and high (TGH) levels were physically separated and distinct colonies were maintained. RNA was isolated from 6-8 month male non-transgenic (NTG), TGL and TGH hearts (n=3-4/group) and subjected to 50 cycle single read sequencing using Illumina’s HiSeq 2000. Reads were aligned using Novoalign and counts were used in DESeq to determine differential expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TGL and TGH groups were filtered through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). A total of 4 genes within 9 enriched biological processes were validated by qRT-PCR. Results A total of 246 and 1031 DEGs were identified in the hearts of TGL and TGH mice relative to NTG littermates. Notably, the expression and validation of the transcripts were gene-dosage dependent and statistically significant (p Conclusion This mRNA profiling identified a "biosignature" for pro-reductive (TGL) and reductive stress (TGH) that can predict the onset, rate of progression, and clinical outcome of Nrf2-dependent myocardial complications. We anticipate that this global sequencing analysis will illuminate the undesirable effect of chronic Nrf2 signaling leading to RS mediated pathogenesis besides providing important guidance for the application of Nrf2 activation-based cytoprotective strategies.
User's Guide to PreComp (Pre-Processor for Computing Composite Blade Properties)

PreComp (Pre-processor for computing Composite blade structural properties) was developed to compute the stiffness and inertial properties of a composite blade. The code may also be used to compute the structural properties of a metallic blade by treating it as a special case of an isotropic composite material. This guide provides step-by-step instructions on how to prepare input files (specify blade external geometry and internal structural layup of composite laminates), how to execute the code, and how to interpret the output properties. PreComp performs extensive checks for completeness, range, and viability of input data; these are also discussed in this manual. The code runs fast, usually in a fraction of a second, and requires only a modest knowledge of the composites and laminates schedule typically used in blades.
A First Look at the Golf Stroke

A golf stroke by an accomplished golfer is usually a thing of beauty. The motion of the golfer may be executed with such precision that the ball flies just as the golfer expected, in the right direction and for the correct distance, and rolls to stop near the point intended. However, instead of considering the aesthetics of a golf stroke, our intention is to look at it in another way, by considering it as a dynamic process using the physical principles of mechanics based on Newton’s laws of motion. The stroke may be considered as a sequence of three separate events: the swing of the club, the impact of the clubhead with the ball, and the flight of the ball toward the target. We shall start our application of physics to golf by looking at the first of these, the swing of the club.
Imaging Acoustics and Acoustic Imaging

This paper provides a brief overview of some of the techniques for imaging acoustic waves inside and on the surface of solids. Optical methods show the influence of material anisotropy on acoustical wave propagation in transparent solids. Multiple-pulse holography images waves on the surface of materials without the necessity of scanning. Optical interferometry permits non-contact detection of unmodified acoustic emission waveforms. Electron acoustics maps the internal structure of microelectronic chips not shown with conventional electron microscopy. Non-contact ultrasound provides process control for composite tape placement, detects defects in composite panels, and cracks in railroad rails. Acoustic microscopy images an embedded optical fiber in a thick composites.
Creative charting: A grounded theory of information boundaries in creative group work

A fundamental paradox in group creativity revolves around how groups enable both the convergence and divergence necessary for creative work in groups. For example, research suggests that, to be eff...