cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated risk for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a public mental health crisis with many people experiencing new or worsening anxiety. Fear of contagion and the lack of predictability/control in daily life increased the risk for problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the general population. Pregnant women may be particularly vulnerable to such pandemic-related stressors yet the prevalence of OC symptoms in this population during the pandemic remains unknown. We examined the prevalence of OC symptoms in a sample of 4451 pregnant women in the USA, recruited via targeted online methods at the start of the pandemic. Participants completed self-report measures including the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale. Clinically significant OC symptoms were present in 7.12% of participants, more than twice as high as rates of peripartum OCD reported prior to the pandemic. Younger maternal age, income loss, and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were all associated with higher OC symptoms. Two types of pregnancy-specific stress, pandemic-related and pandemic-unrelated, were both associated with higher levels of OC symptoms. Pandemic-related pregnancy stress predicted OC symptoms even after controlling for non-pandemic-related, pregnancy-specific stress. Elevated rates of OC symptoms were observed in women pregnant during the pandemic, particularly those experiencing elevated pandemic-related pregnancy stress. This type of stress confers a distinct risk for OC symptoms above and beyond pregnancy-specific stress and demographic factors. Healthcare providers should be prepared to see and treat more peripartum women with OC symptoms during this and future public health crises.
Efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of fibromyalgia.

# Purpose of Review Fibromyalgia is a highly prevalent chronic pain syndrome that affects up to 4% of the population and causes significant morbidity and disability, with an increasing associated cost. Though many approaches for treatment have been tested, therapy regimens are still elusive, and efficacy is limited. This review summarizes the background of fibromyalgia and acupuncture and reviews the latest and seminal literature discussing the application of acupuncture in fibromyalgia. # Recent Findings Fibromyalgia is hard to treat, owing both to its chronicity and poorly understood pathophysiology and etiology. Current treatments target symptoms primarily, and few attempt to address the source. Efficacious treatment requires long-term treatment by a multidisciplinary team. Though several treatments exist, they still fall short with a substantial number of patients. Acupuncture, a form of integrative medicine, has been a part of traditional Chinese medication for generations. Evidence shows that it effectively treats different kinds of pain conditions, including migraines and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Recent studies showed evidence to support its use in fibromyalgia. Clinical trials studying acupuncture in fibromyalgia have shown improvement in pain, quality of sleep, and quality of life, though the quality of evidence is mainly low to medium. Several studies were not able to provide evidence to support real over sham acupuncture. Weighing the overall evidence paints a picture of mixed results between equivocal results to positive. In analyzing these results, one must also consider publication bias supporting the dissemination of positive results. # Summary An increasing number of studies support the utilization of acupuncture for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Though no head-to-head comparison was able to show the superiority of acupuncture to other therapies, mounting evidence supports its use as part of multimodal approaches to treatment with additive efficacy to traditional therapy. Further research will likely provide data on effective regimens and combination therapies.
Ontology-Enhanced Slot Filling

Slot filling is a fundamental task in dialog state tracking in task-oriented dialog systems. In multi-domain task-oriented dialog system, user utterances and system responses may mention multiple named entities and attributes values. A system needs to select those that are confirmed by the user and fill them into destined slots. One difficulty is that since a dialogue session contains multiple system-user turns, feeding in all the tokens into a deep model such as BERT can be challenging due to limited capacity of input word tokens and GPU memory. In this paper, we investigate an ontology-enhanced approach by matching the named entities occurred in all dialogue turns using ontology. The matched entities in the previous dialogue turns will be accumulated and encoded as additional inputs to a BERT-based dialogue state tracker. In addition, our improvement includes ontology constraint checking and the correction of slot name tokenization. Experimental results showed that our ontology-enhanced dialogue state tracker improves the joint goal accuracy (slot F1) from 52.63% (91.64%) to 53.91% (92%) on MultiWOZ 2.1 corpus.
An In Silica Model for RPE Loss Patterns in Choroideremia.

Purpose To use empirical data to develop a model of cell loss in choroideremia that predicts the known exponential rate of RPE loss and central, scalloped preservation pattern seen in this disease. Methods A computational model of RPE loss was created in Python 3.7, which constructed an array of RPE cells clusters, binarized as either live or atrophic. Two rules were applied to this model: the background effect gave each cell a chance of dying defined by a background function, and the neighbor effect increased the chance of RPE cell death if a neighbor were dead. The known anatomic distribution of rods, RPE, choriocapillaris density, amacrine, ganglion, and cone cells were derived from the literature and applied to this model. Atrophy growth rates were measured over arbitrary time units and fit to the known exponential decay model. The main outcome measures: included topography of atrophy over time and fit of simulated residual RPE area to exponential decay. Results A background effect alone can simulate exponential decay, but does not simulate the central island preservation seen in choroideremia. An additive neighbor effect alone does not simulate exponential decay. When the neighbor effect multiplies the background effect using the rod density function, our model follows an exponential decay, similar to previous observations. Also, our model predicts a residual island of RPE that resembles the topographic distribution of residual RPE seen in choroideremia. Conclusions The pattern of RPE loss in choroideremia can be predicted by applying simple rules. The RPE preservation pattern typically seen in choroideremia may be related to the underlying pattern of rod density. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
PENAL INSTITUTIONS Sentence and Punishment: Provide for the Imposition of Life Without Parole

The Act provides for the imposition of a sentence of life imprisonment without parole on a defendant convicted of murder where the fact-finder (judge or jury) has found one or more statutory aggravating circumstances. Imprisonment for life without parole means that the defendant shall be incarcerated for what remains of his natural life without eligibility of parole.
V/hat Have Happened to Export Intermediaries?

The Internet has changed significantly business operation across national borders. However, existing literature about its impacts on export channels remains limited. This inductive study explored the Internet's impacts on the relations between 13 Chinese manufacturers and their export intermediaries in Canada. Findings from this study suggest that export intermediaries that provide financing and credit, intensive after-sales services, and important distribution infrastructure survive the Internet while those that offer traditional market-sensing and customer-linking services can hardly survive the Internet.
Vorticity dynamics after the shock–turbulence interaction

The interaction of a shock wave with quasi-vortical isotropic turbulence (IT) represents a basic problem for studying some of the phenomena associated with high speed flows, such as hypersonic flight, supersonic combustion and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). In general, in practical applications, the shock width is much smaller than the turbulence scales and the upstream turbulent Mach number is modest. In this case, recent high resolution shock-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) (Ryu and Livescu, J Fluid Mech 756:R1, 2014) show that the interaction can be described by the Linear Interaction Approximation (LIA). Using LIA to alleviate the need to resolve the shock, DNS post-shock data can be generated at much higher Reynolds numbers than previously possible. Here, such results with Taylor Reynolds number approximately 180 are used to investigate the changes in the vortical structure as a function of the shock Mach number, $$M_{s}$$ , up to $$M_{s}=10$$ . It is shown that, as $$M_{s}$$ increases, the shock interaction induces a tendency towards a local axisymmetric state perpendicular to the shock front, which has a profound influence on the vortex-stretching mechanism and divergence of the Lamb vector and, ultimately, on the flow evolution away from the shock.
The Formula of Thomas Bayes and Other Matters

There is a blood test for the HIV virus causing AIDS. This test is quite good in the sense that if an individual has the virus the probability of detection is high. How is such a probability estimated? As we have mentioned before, the Law of Large Numbers soon to be discussed justifies our intuitive notion that a probability can be estimated by considering relative frequencies. So in this case we can give the test to a large population where we know the disease, and therefore the virus, is present. If the test is positive for, say, 95 percent of this population, we can say that.95 is a rough estimate for what is called the sensitivity of the test, defined as P(test ispositive/disease is present).
Hispanic Parental Perceptions of Child Weight in Preschool-Aged Children: An Integrated Review

Abstract Background: Obesity continues to disproportionately affect ethnic minorities. Parents play an integral role in early childhood, and parental perceptions regarding their child's weight are key to obesity prevention. Cultural differences contribute to parental perceptions, and increased understandings of these characteristics provide a basis to address obesity in high-risk populations at an earlier age. The aim of this integrative review was to analyze extant literature to identify Hispanic parental perceptions of their preschool-aged child's weight status. Methods: An integrative review of studies measuring Hispanic parental perception was conducted. Computerized searches were completed using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL, Eric, and PsychINFO. Articles were included if they were English, included children 2–5 years of age, included a Hispanic population, and evaluated parental perception of their child's weight status. A total of 14 articles (n=8 qualitative; n=6 quantitative) met criteria and were incl...
Repeat Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: long-term results

Object The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcome achieved after repeat Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using a uniform treatment plan. Methods Between 1985 and 2010, 53 patients underwent repeat GKS for refractory TN. In the initial GKS, which involved targeting the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve, a maximal dose of 80 Gy was used with a 4-mm collimator so that the 50% isodose line abutted the pons. In the second GKS, the treatment plan consisted of a 70-Gy dose directed at a target 4–5 mm distal to the first target on the trigeminal nerve. The mean follow-up duration in these patients was 42 months. Outcomes were defined using the Marseille scale: excellent (Class I or II, no pain with or without medications), good (Class III or IV, ≥ 50% relief), and poor (Class V, < 50% relief). Results Trigeminal neuralgia pain was controlled (≥ 50% improvement with or without medications) after repeat GKS in 70% of patients at 1 year, 50% at 3 years, 50% at 5 years,...
APL - a tool for personalized computing

APL systems have been in operation for many years now. Their user populations have grown and continue to grow at a high rate. The kind of work done in APL is of great variety ranging from running batch-type applications and teaching to personalized computer usage in problem solving environments. Equally varied are the types of users encompassing secretaries, clerks, engineers, planners, scientists.
An InSAR‐based survey of volcanic deformation in the central Andes

We extend an earlier interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) survey covering about 900 remote volcanos of the central Andes (14°–27°S) between the years 1992 and 2002. Our survey reveals broad (10s of km), roughly axisymmetric deformation at 4 volcanic centers: two stratovolcanoes are inflating (Uturuncu, Bolivia, and Hualca Hualca, Peru); another source of inflation on the border between Chile and Argentina is not obviously associated with a volcanic edifice (here called Lazufre); and a caldera (Cerro Blanco, also called Robledo) in northwest Argentina is subsiding. We explore the range of source depths and volumes allowed by our observations, using spherical, ellipsoidal and crack-like source geometries. We further examine the effects of local topography upon the deformation field and invert for a spherical point-source in both elastic half-space and layered-space crustal models. We use a global search algorithm, with gradient search methods used to further constrain best-fitting models. Inferred source depths are model-dependent, with differences in the assumed source geometry generating a larger range of accepted depths than variations in elastic structure. Source depths relative to sea level are: 8–18 km at Hualca Hualca; 12–25 km for Uturuncu; 5–13 km for Lazufre, and 5–10 km at Cerro Blanco. Deformation at all four volcanoes seems to be time-dependent, and only Uturuncu and Cerro Blanco were deforming during the entire time period of observation. Inflation at Hualca Hualca stopped in 1997, perhaps related to a large eruption of nearby Sabancaya volcano in May 1997, although there is no obvious relation between the rate of deformation and the eruptions of Sabancaya. We do not observe any deformation associated with eruptions of Lascar, Chile, at 16 other volcanoes that had recent small eruptions or fumarolic activity, or associated with a short-lived thermal anomaly at Chiliques volcano. We posit a hydrothermal system at Cerro Blanco to explain the rate of subsidence there. For the last decade, we calculate the ratio of the volume of magma intruded to extruded is between 1–10, and that the combined rate of intrusion and extrusion is within an order of magnitude of the inferred geologic rate.
Following the Yellow Brick Road: A Story About a Sensory Awareness Group

ABSTRACT This article examines the usefulness and therapeutic value of a sensory awareness group with the HIV/AIDS population. A specific example of a group led by the author illustrates the beneficial properties of enhancing senses with those living in a residential setting. Developing sensory awareness works from a strengths-based perspective and helps clients to stay in the “here and now,” feel more pleasure in their everyday lives, and integrate the mind/body experience.
How big is the random walks in macroeconomic time series

Abstract The paper applies the Lo and MacKinlay (1988) and Cochrane (1988) variance-ratio test to the data sample used by Nelson and Plosser (1982), who studies the stationarity properties of 14 macroeconomic variables. The results of our empirical tests indicate that the macroeconomic time series have significant random walk components, with the exception of unemployment, real wages, real per capita GNP and industrial production. These results generally agree with those reported earlier by Nelson and Plosser who found that 13 out of 14 macroeconomic variables followed random walk and with Cochrane who, more recently, found that GNP had a small random walk component. The contribution of this paper lies in its use of a very recent methodology to estimate the magnitude of the random walk component of certain macroeconomic time series.
A new network synthesis methodology for switched capacitor circuit design

A novel method for the design of switched-capacitor (SC) networks is presented. This technique allows SC networks to be synthesized directly from s-domain transfer functions without any continuous time realizations, resistance or reactance substitutions, or any s-to-z transformations. The methodology starts with a functional block diagram which is a pictorial representation of the s-domain transfer function. The block diagram converts to SC realizations based on parasitic-insensitive switched capacitor integrators of the inverting and noninverting types. >
Extending the Lambda Calculus to Express Randomized and Quantumized Algorithms

This paper introduces a formal metalanguage called the lambda-q calculus for the specification of quantum programming languages. This metalanguage is an extension of the lambda calculus, which provides a formal setting for the specification of classical programming languages. As an intermediary step, we introduce a formal metalanguage called the lambda-p calculus for the specification of programming languages that allow true random number generation. We demonstrate how selected randomized algorithms can be programmed directly in the lambda-p calculus. We also demonstrate how satisfiability can be solved in the lambda-q calculus.
Long-term outcomes of revision fusion for lumbar pseudarthrosis: Clinical article

Object The number of low-back fusion procedures for the treatment of spine disorders has increased steadily over the past 10 years. Lumbar pseudarthrosis is a potential complication of lumbar arthrodesis and can be associated with significant pain and disability. The aim of this study was to assess, using validated patient-reported outcomes measures, the long-term effectiveness of revision arthrodesis in the treatment of symptomatic pseudarthrosis. Methods This is a retrospective study of 47 patients who underwent revision lumbar arthrodesis for pseudarthrosis-associated back pain. Baseline 2-year outcomes were assessed using the following: visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, time to narcotic independence, time to return to work, EuroQol health-state utility, and physical and mental quality of life (Short Form [SF]–12 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores). Results The mean duration of time between prior fusion and development...
Looks and Labor: Do Attractive People Work More?

Using the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) 2008, I investigate how looks affect an individual's labor supply decision. My results are, by and large, in line with predictions derived from the neoclassical model of labor supply. Applying regular probit, bivariate probit, Tobit and Heckman selection regression models, I find that good looks go hand in hand with higher employment probabilities and more hours of market work. Furthermore, physical attractiveness is positively associated with spousal income and spousal employment. Hence, beauty appears to affect labor supply decisions both directly and through the marriage market.
Identity ambiguity and change in the wake of a corporate spin-off

We report on the findings of an inductive, interpretive case study of organizational identity change in the spin-off of a Fortune 100 company's top-performing organizational unit into an independen...
Modeling magnetospheric current response to solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements during magnetic storms: 1. Methodology and results of the 25 September 1998 peak main phase case

[1] We present a methodology for using the modular Tsyganenko storm magnetic field model (TS04) as a tool to investigate the response of magnetospheric currents to solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements during magnetic storms. We demonstrate the technique by examining the contribution of each model current to the observed dawn-dusk asymmetric ground H perturbation during a peak storm main phase event. We add present pressure terms to the parameterizations of several individual model currents and fit them to the observed low-latitude and midlatitude H perturbations. We find that the asymmetric H perturbation for this case is primarily due to a net field-aligned current (FAC) system, with upward FACs peaking in the evening and downward FACs peaking in the morning, and the equatorial portion of the partial ring current (PRC). This net FAC system includes the region 1 and region 2 FACs and the closure FAC of the PRC, with the largest contribution from the PRC closure FACs. The model results show that in this main phase case, the PRC played a more important role in causing the dawn-dusk asymmetric H perturbation than did the other currents owing to its strength and asymmetry. The model results do not show significant contributions from the symmetric ring current and tail current, but the magnetopause current gives a significant positive perturbation at all MLTs. In the companion paper, our methodology is applied to obtain a more complete picture of the storm time current response to pressure enhancements by examining pressure increases occurring during different storm phases.
Some incorrect implications of the fullaccess hypothesis

If Epstein et al. are right that adult second language learners have full access to UG, then all of the following should be true: adults should be able to consciously transform their I-Language; adults should be able to transform pidgins into Creoles; adults should be as likely as children to restructure their grammars on the basis of “functional” pressure. All the foregoing are false, however, which seriously calls into question the correctness of their hypothesis.
DNA sequence relatedness of someNeurospora isolates

DNAs from several isolates ofNeurospora were characterized by thermal denaturation and DNA-DNA hybridization. All the DNAs were found to have 3 components. Based on the percentage of DNA hybridization and the degree of base pair complementation with reference DNAs it has been possible to assign some of the isolates to the known species groups.
A comment on the double-chained tree

In 1963, Sussenguth [8] suggested that a file should be organized as a double-chained tree for searching and updating. Patt [5] then obtained the optimum double-chained tree under the assumption that no key may prefix another and that all terminal nodes (items of information) have equal probabilities of being searched. Stanfel [6, 7] explored the relation between the double-chained tree and variable length code [3] and solved a special integer programming problem which corresponds to the case of equal probabilities of terminal nodes and a finite set of available symbols for keys with different costs.
Subspace identification based inferential control applied to a continuous pulp digester

Abstract The idea of constructing a data-driven stochastic system model through subspace identification for the purpose of inferential control is investigated. Various available methods for designing an inferential controller are discussed and their limitations are brought out, particularly in applications involving multi-variable processes. Practical issues that arise in identifying a system model geared toward inferential control using a subspace method are discussed. They include: handling of nonstationary disturbances, handling of multi-rate measurements/missing data, and secondary measurement selection. With the identified stochastic system model, a multi-rate Kalman filter can be designed and coupled with a model predictive controller. The method is applied to a continuous pulp digester, which is a complex distributed parameter system involving heterogeneous reactions. The application study indicates much potential for the data-based approach.
Interaction of Chloramphenicol and Metabolites with Colony Stimulating Factors: Possible Role in Chloramphenicol-Induced Bone Marrow Injury

We have recently demonstrated that two chloramphenicol (CAP) metabolites known to be produced by intestinal bacteria, dehydro-CAP (DH-CAP) and nitrophenylaminopropane (NPAP), are much more cytotoxic to bone marrow in vitro than CAP itself. Since colony stimulating factors (CSFs) play an essential role in hematopoietic cell growth, toxicity from CAP metabolites could also involve interaction with CSF or CSF-producing cells. In the present study, we found that increasing concentrations of rhGM-CSF or rhG-CSF completely reversed the inhibitory effect of CAP (2 x 10(-4) M) on human CFU-GM growth and on the growth of KG-1 cells. GM-CSF also reversed the inhibitory effect of CAP on HL-60 cells. Inhibition by DH-CAP (50% at 5 x 10(-7) M), nitroso-CAP (NO-CAP) (60% at 5 x 10(-6) M) and NPAP (35% at 10(-5) M) was not affected by either CSF. In addition to their inhibitory effect on cell growth, DH-CAP (5 x 10(-6) M) and NO-CAP (5 x 10(-6) M) inhibited CSF production by buffy coat cells 50-70% without affecting cell viability. Neither CAP nor NPAP inhibited CSF production. It is suggested that the dual toxic-inhibitory effect of some intestinal metabolites of CAP such as DH-CAP on hematopoietic cell growth on the one hand, and on CSF production on the other, renders them very potent as potential mediators of CAP induced aplastic anemia.
How Safe is Your Neighborhood? Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Functional Decline in Older Adults

BACKGROUND Neighborhood characteristics are associated with health and the perception of safety is particularly important to exercise and health among older adults. Little is known about the relationship between perception of neighborhood safety and functional decline in older adults.
The role of distant mutations and allosteric regulation on LovD active site dynamics

Natural enzymes have evolved to perform their cellular functions under complex selective pressures, which often require their catalytic activities to be regulated by other proteins. We contrasted a natural enzyme, LovD, which acts on a protein-bound (LovF) acyl substrate, with a laboratory-generated variant that was transformed by directed evolution to accept instead a small free acyl thioester and no longer requires the acyl carrier protein. The resulting 29-mutant variant is 1,000-fold more efficient in the synthesis of the drug simvastatin than the wild-type LovD. This is to our knowledge the first nonpatent report of the enzyme currently used for the manufacture of simvastatin as well as the intermediate evolved variants. Crystal structures and microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanism by which the laboratory-generated mutations free LovD from dependence on protein-protein interactions. Mutations markedly altered conformational dynamics of the catalytic residues, obviating the need for allosteric modulation by the acyl carrier LovF.
Aural landscape: musical space

This paper seeks to examine how sound in general (and electroacoustic music in particular) can evoke a sense of being and place which may be strongly related to our visual experience. The auditory system has evolved to seek the reasons for the soundfield it encounters and this property cannot meaningfully be ignored by composers in this medium. The acousmatic condition stimulates and enhances this response. The science of acoustics cannot any longer alone explain sound phenomena and requires psychological and ecological dimensions. The idea of the ‘frame’ is developed from large-scale to small-scale soundfields: ‘landscape’, ‘arena’ and ‘stage’ are seen to be flexible components of this approach to composition. The paper concludes that a mature relationship of audio and visual art forms requires a greater acknowledgement of these attributes of sound.
Synthetic studies directed at the B/C ring systems of CC-1065; Preparation of substituted cyclopropyl indolenones

Abstract Cyclopropyl indolenones are synthesized in good overall yields. The key reaction is an intramolecular enolate ring closure giving rise to the six membered carbocyclic ring.
BACH: a hardware monitor for tracing microprocessor-based systems

Abstract This paper describes the design and operation of the BACH system, a hardware monitor that can be used to obtain run-time information about a variety of microprocessor-based systems. BACH (BYU Address Collection Hardware) operates by monitoring CPU pins directly and can be used to trace any workload under any operating environment supported by the target platform. A modification to hardware monitoring techniques allows the collection of accurate, yet long and contiguous traces. The traces collected by BACH contain all references made by the processor including kernel references, interrupt routines, multiple user tasks, and data references. BACH traces also include detailed timing. BACH has been functional since December 1991 and its operation has been verified extensively; traces of over a billion references have been captured. Interfaces to three hardware platforms have been built: the Intel i80486DX, the Motorola MC68030 and the SPARC processor. To date traces have been collected under a number of operating environments, including: MS-DOS, UNIX SysVR3.2, UNIX SysVR4, Mach 2.6, MACH 3.0, SUN OS and HP-UX.
A model for red blood cell motion in bifurcating microvessels

Abstract A theoretical model is developed for red blood cell motion in a diverging microvessel bifurcation, where the downstream branches are equal in size but receive different flows. The model is used to study migration of red cells across streamlines of the underlying flow, due to particle shape and flow asymmetry. Effects of cell–cell interactions are neglected. Shapes of flowing red cells are approximated by rigid spherical caps. In uniform shear flows, such particles rotate periodically and oscillate about fluid streamlines with no net migration. However, net migration can occur in non-uniform flows due to the particles’ lack of fore-aft symmetry. A nonuniform flow field representative of a bifurcation is developed: flow bounded by two parallel plates, and divided by a cylindrical post. Significant migration is found to occur only with a nonuniform and asymmetric distribution of upstream orientations. The model suggests that the assumption made in previous models of bifurcations, that red cells follow fluid streamlines, is justified if cells approach the bifurcations with random orientations.
Complex APL: comments from the APL community

Results of discussions within the APL community about how APL should be extended to complex numbers are presented.
An Institution that was a Village: Archaeology and Social Life in the Hansen’s Disease Settlement at Kalawao, Moloka‘i, Hawaii

Archaeological research in the Hansen’s disease settlement at Kalawao, Moloka‘i, Hawaii, has revealed evidence that challenges patterns expected from theoretical and archaeological research on total institutions. While written documents provide evidence for a community with many of the classic elements of places of social control, archaeological remains fit better with models of post-contact Hawaiian village life. This apparent contradiction is revealing for the power dynamics produced in the social life of modern leprosaria, medical institutions created in situations of long-term colonial entanglement.
The Monopsony Case for Tariffs

I. An importing country may sometimes find it profitable to act as a monopsonist, 229. — II. Case (1) : no foreign trade, 230. — Case (2) : entire home consumption imported, 230. — Case (3) : home consumption supplied by imports and domestic production, 233. — III. Gain of the monopsonist country is less than the loss of the exporting country, 236.— Comparison with Barone's reasoning, 238. — IV. Assumptions made, methods pursued, criteria favored, 239. — V. Summary of conclusions, 243.
Energy Loss in an Analytical Membrane Tire Model

Abstract Energy dissipation is calculated from the contact deformation of a rolling toroidal membrane tire model. The method of dissipation analysis developed here can be used with other structural representations, including those based on the finite element method. The membrane tire model is inflated, loaded, and rolling on a frictionless, flat surface. The membrane material is assumed to be isotropic and neohookean under static loads and to exhibit a low loss tangent. The assumption of a low loss material permits viscoelastic power loss to be calculated from load transfer functions derived from the elastic response of the tire model. The power loss calculation is used to predict rolling resistance and contact patch shift.
Mechanisms of change in motivational interviewing: a review and preliminary evaluation of the evidence

Aims Motivational interviewing (MI) is an efficacious treatment for substance use disorders. However, little is known about how MI exerts its therapeutic effects. This review is a first attempt to summarize and evaluate the evidence for purported within-session mechanisms of change. The primary question of interest was: which MI constructs and variables appear to be the most promising candidates for mechanisms of change? Methods Literature searches were conducted to identify studies delivering MI in an individual format for the treatment of substance use disorders. Our searchidentifiedatotalof 152studiesforreview;19studiesmetinclusioncriteriabyprovidingdataonatleastonelink in the causal chain model under examination. Effect size estimates were calculated for every possible step in the causal model where sufficient data were provided by study authors. Results Four constructs of therapist behavior were evaluated: MI-Spirit, MI-Consistent behaviors, MI-Inconsistent behaviors and therapist use of specific techniques. Five constructs of client behavior were evaluated: change talk/intention, readiness to change, involvement/engagement, resistance and the client’s experience of discrepancy. The absence of experimental and full mediation studies of mechanismsof changewasnotable.Effectsizesweregenerallymixed.Conclusions Themostconsistentevidencewas found for three constructs: client change talk/intention (related to better outcomes); client experience of discrepancy (related to better outcomes); and therapist MI-Inconsistent behavior (related to worse outcomes). Regarding therapist use of specific techniques, use of a decisional balance exercise showed the strongest association to better outcomes.
Differential regulation of interleukin-6 receptor and gp130 gene expression in rat hepatocytes.

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) relays an important signal to hepatocytes during the early stages of an acute inflammatory response, causing an alteration in the expression of several major defense proteins. Additional regulation of this signal could occur either by altering the number of IL-6 receptors (IL-6-R) or of the signal transducing protein, gp130. We employed ribonuclease protection assays to measure the expression of IL-6-R and gp130 mRNA in primary rat hepatocytes in response to IL-6, interleukin-1, dexamethasone, and combinations thereof. Dexamethasone increases receptor mRNA levels 2.7-fold above controls but has no detectable effect on that of gp130. Such treatment increased surface expression of IL-6-R from 600 receptors per cell to greater than 6000, without a change in Kd (2.5-4.6 x 10(-10) M). In contrast to the stimulatory effect of the steroid signal, the inflammatory cytokines, individually and together, down-modulated both the mRNA and the cell surface expression of IL-6-R. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a sensitive control system exists between inflammatory mediators and IL-6-R.
Gen-2 RFID compatible, zero down-time, programmable mechanical strain-monitors and mechanical impact detectors

A key challenge in structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors embedded inside civil structures is that elec- tronics need to operate continuously such that mechanical events of interest can be detected and appropriately analyzed. Continuous operation however requires a continuous source of energy which cannot be guaranteed using conventional energy scavenging techniques. The paper describes a hybrid energy scavenging SHM sensor which experiences zero down-time in monitoring mechanical events of interest. At the core of the proposed sensor is an analog floating-gate storage technology that can be precisely programmed at nano-watt and pico- watt power levels. This facilitates self-powered, non-volatile data logging of the mechanical events of interest by scavenging energy directly from the mechanical events itself. Remote retrieval of the stored data is achieved using a commercial off-the-shelf Gen-2 radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader which periodically reads an electronic product code (EPC) that encapsulates the sensor data. The Gen-2 interface also facilitates in simultaneous remote access to multiple sensors and also facilitates in determining the range and orientation of the sensor. The architecture of the sensor is based on a token-ring topology which enables sensor channels to be dynamically added or deleted through software control.
Mating increases starvation resistance and decreases oxidative stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster females

Mating stimulates complex physiological changes in females of Drosophila melanogaster. Long-term effects of mating are manifested in increased fecundity and shortened lifespan. It is not clear how mating affects stress resistance in fly females. We addressed this question here and found that mated and highly fecund wild-type D. melanogaster females have significantly higher resistance to starvation throughout their lifetime than age-matched virgin females. Mean survival time under starvation was age dependent with maximum survival time observed in 15-day-old mated females. Mating-induced increase in starvation resistance was associated with significantly higher fat reserves stored as triacylglycerols. While mated females had higher resistance to starvation, their resistance to oxidative stress was significantly lower than in age-matched virgins. Our study revealed that mating leads to an opposing relationship between resistance to starvation and resistance to oxidative stress in Drosophila females. Thus, shortened lifespan of mated females is associated with their high-fat content and greater susceptibility to oxidative stress.
Methodologies in cancer cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics

Various types of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic approaches, including conventional banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), fiber-FISH, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), matrix array CGH, chromosome microdissection, and microcell-mediated chromosome transfer are summarized. The rationale, advantage, and limitations of each approach are discussed with respect to research and clinical applications in human neoplasia.
Conclusion and Rejoinder

This piece introduces an ISP Forum on “Mainstreaming Gender into the IR Curriculum.” Our aim is to provide reflections on efforts within the IR discipline to integrate gender into mainstream IR courses. While we offer no specific prescriptions, the essays provide insight into both the value and the pedagogical challenges of this enterprise.
On the Central Derivative of Hecke L-Series☆

The well-known Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture gives a deep connection between the leading coefficient of the L-series and the arithmetic properties of an abelian variety. Both are very important and subtle. This paper is part of an effort to compute the analytic side explicitly in a special case. Indeed, we are interested in the central derivative of certain algebraic Hecke L-series, related to CM abelian varieties or more precisely pieces of it (CM motives). The result, together with the Gross-Zagier formula proved by Zhang ([Zh]), would also give a new way to compute the height of certain Heegner cycles on a Kuga-Sato variety. Let p ≡ 3 mod 4 be a prime number such that p > 3. Let k ≥ 0 be an integer. Let E = Q( √−p) and view it as a subfield of C such that √−p = i√p. Let hp be the ideal class number of E. A canonical Hecke character of E of weight 2k + 1 is a Hecke character μ satisfying
Sensitivity of yeast strains with long G-tails to levels of telomere-bound telomerase.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1p helicase is a negative regulator of telomere length that acts by removing telomerase from chromosome ends. The catalytic subunit of yeast telomerase, Est2p, is telomere associated throughout most of the cell cycle, with peaks of association in both G1 phase (when telomerase is not active) and late S/G2 phase (when telomerase is active). The G1 association of Est2p requires a specific interaction between Ku and telomerase RNA. In mutants lacking this interaction, telomeres were longer in the absence of Pif1p than in the presence of wild-type PIF1, indicating that endogenous Pif1p inhibits the active S/G2 form of telomerase. Pif1p abundance was cell cycle regulated, low in G1 and early S phase and peaking late in the cell cycle. Low Pif1p abundance in G1 phase was anaphase-promoting complex dependent. Thus, endogenous Pif1p is unlikely to act on G1 bound Est2p. Overexpression of Pif1p from a non-cell cycle-regulated promoter dramatically reduced viability in five strains with impaired end protection (cdc13–1, yku80Δ, yku70Δ, yku80–1, and yku80–4), all of which have longer single-strand G-tails than wild-type cells. This reduced viability was suppressed by deleting the EXO1 gene, which encodes a nuclease that acts at compromised telomeres, suggesting that the removal of telomerase by Pif1p exposed telomeres to further C-strand degradation. Consistent with this interpretation, depletion of Pif1p, which increases the amount of telomere-bound telomerase, suppressed the temperature sensitivity of yku70Δ and cdc13–1 cells. Furthermore, eliminating the pathway that recruits Est2p to telomeres in G1 phase in a cdc13–1 strain also reduced viability. These data suggest that wild-type levels of telomere-bound telomerase are critical for the viability of strains whose telomeres are already susceptible to degradation.
Penetrative convection in a horizontal layer of seawater near its freezing point

Abstract A series of numerical experiments are performed to investigate steady thermosolutal convection induced by the partial freezing of a horizontal pool of seawater from the top. This study is aimed at achieving a better understanding of the role of convection in transporting oceanic heat into the atmosphere during the formation of a polynya. The mathematical model considered accounts for the density anomaly of seawater and for the dependence of the freezing point on salinity. A new solutal regime is isolated wherein solutal convection is present even though the solutal expansion coefficient is set to zero. This convection process arises as a result of the coupling between the fluctuations of temperature and salinity at the ice–water interface. A parametric study is undertaken as function of the main dimensionless groups characterizing the problem, namely the thermal Rayleigh number, the density ratio and an extremum parameter which quantifies the effect of the nonlinear equation of state. Several indicators of the convection process, such as the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, the kinetic energy in the fluid layer and the buoyancy are calculated. It is found that a two-layer convection regime generally predominates for relatively large Rayleigh numbers. These results imply that the penetrative convection which results from the coupling between the nonlinear equation of state and the freezing process acts in such a way as to delay the release of heat to the atmosphere during the formation of a polynya.
The Discrete and Localized Nature of the Variable Emission from Active Regions

Using data from the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Spectroheliometer onSkylab, we study the empirical characteristics of the variable emission in active regions. These simultaneous multi-wavelength observations clearly confirm that active regions consist of a complex of loops at different temperatures. The variable emission from this complex has very well-defined properties that can be quantitatively summarized as follows: (1) It is localized predominantly around the footpoints where it occurs at discrete locations. (2) The strongest variability does not necessarily coincide with the most intense emission. (3) The fraction of the area of the footpoints,δn/N, that exhibits variable emission, varies by ±15% as a function of time, at any of the wavelengths measured. It also varies very little from footpoint to footpoint. (4) This fractional variation is temperature dependent with a maximum around 105 K. (5) The ratio of the intensity of the variable to the average background emission, δI/Ī, also changes with temperature. In addition, we find that these distinctive characteristics persist even when flares occur within the active region.
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with exogenous erythropoietin: a new therapeutic paradigm

Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with exogenous erythropoietin: a new therapeutic paradigm
Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Activation of the Prolactin Enhancer/Promoter by Antagonistic Activation Function-2-Interacting Proteins

Transcriptional responses to estrogens are controlled by the cell- and gene-specific interactions of the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) with cofactors and other transcription factors. The pituitary-specific PRL enhancer/promoter is regulated by estrogens only when it is bound by both ER and the pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1. Cooperative ER/Pit-1 activation of the dormant PRL enhancer/promoter in pituitary progenitor cells requires the estrogen-dependent activation function-2 (AF-2) of ER, but is inhibited by one AF-2-interacting cofactor, RIP140. Here, the complex actions of RIP140 and other AF-2-interacting proteins at the PRL enhancer/promoter were shown to operate via ER itself. RIP140 inhibition of ER/Pit-1 activation in the absence of AF-1 and RIP140 inhibition of both ERα and ERβ cooperative activation with Pit-1 suggested a conserved ER site for RIP140 action, possibly AF-2. Coexpression of other AF-2-interacting proteins, including the p160 factors, steroid receptor coactivator-1a...
Primary cell cultures derived from larvae of Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (Siphonaptera).

By feeding on the blood of animals and man, fleas ingest microorganisms and certain fleas may then act as vectors of disease. No studies have been reported on the possible relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and flea cells in vitro. Nauck & Weyer (1941, Zbl. Bakter. 147: 365–76) were unsuccessful in attempting to cultivate viscera from Ctenophthalmus segnis fleas for rickettsial studies.
Development of a directional sensitive pressure and shear sensor

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that impacts the lives of millions of people around the world. Lower limb complications associated with diabetes include the development of plantar ulcers that can lead to infection and subsequent amputation. Shear stress is thought to be a major contributing factor to ulcer development, but due in part to technical difficulties with transducing shear stress, there is no widely used shear measurement sensor. As such, we are currently developing a directionally sensitive pressure/shear sensor based on fiber optic technology. The pressure/shear sensor consists of an array of optical fibers lying in perpendicular rows and columns separated by elastomeric pads. A map of pressure and shear stress is constructed based on observed macro bending through the intensity attenuation from the physical deformation of two adjacent perpendicular fibers. The sensor has been shown to have low noise and responded linearly to applied loads. The smallest detectable force on each sensor element based on the current setup is ~0.1 lbs. (0.4N). The smallest area we have resolved in our mesh sensor is currently ~1 cm2.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.