cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission: To Choose Transplantation or Not?

A 42-year-old woman presented with bruising and fatigue. Her WBC count was 10,370/μL, with a differential showing 5% polys, 5% monos, 10% lymphocytes, and 80% myeloid-appearing blasts, some of which contained Auer rods (Fig 1). Bone marrow examination revealed 90% infiltration with myeloid-appearing blasts, and flow cytometry analysis confirmed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with expression of CD33, CD13, and CD117. Cytogenetics revealed a normal female karyotype; molecular testing for NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and CEBPαmutations revealed wild-type status for each gene. The patient received induction therapy with daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 per day for 3 days and continuous-infusion cytarabine 100 mg/m2 per day for 7 days. After an induction course complicated by Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, her counts recovered by day 32, and bone marrow examination 6 weeks after diagnosis showed a complete remission. One week later she feels well and has normal physical and laboratory examinations. She is an only chil...
Efficient generation of colored noise

A new technique is presented for efficiently generating colored noise. Instead of discarding initial samples to account for the transient, the approach proposed here is to set the initial conditions of the filter so that the output process will be stationary. It is shown that the Levinson-Durbin algorithm provides an efficient means for determining these initial conditions.
Fine structure of plastids in maize leaves carrying the striate-2 gene

The recessive nuclear gene striate-2 (sr 2) conditions white striping of the leaves in maize, and expression of the gene is modified by interaction with a second factor near theR (anthocyanin) locus. In striped leaves the plastids of green tissue are normal in appearance, but the mesophyll and bundle sheath plastids of white tissue are reduced in size, irregular in shape, and have characteristically failed to develop internal ribosomes or an organized lamellar system.
Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: Comparative analysis of Doppler echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic techniques

This investigation was performed to determine whether variables obtained directly from the Doppler left ventricular diastolic flow velocity profile provide a reliable estimate of diastolic function. Measurements of diastolic flow velocity obtained by Doppler echocardiography were compared with volumetric measurements of left ventricular diastolic filling determined by radionuclide angiography in 12 subjects without cardiac disease and in 25 patients with a variety of cardiac diseases. The two methods were in agreement in distinguishing normal from abnormal diastolic function in 21(84%) of the 25 patients with cardiac disease, identifying diastolic function as normal in 8 and abnormal in 13 of these patients. Good correlations were observed between certain Doppler variables of left ventricular diastolic flow velocity and radionuclide angiographic variables of left ventricular filling. The time interval from the aortic closing component of the second heart sound to the end of the early diastolic flow velocity peak, assessed with Doppler echocardiography, correlated well with the time interval from end-systole to the end of rapid filling, assessed with radionuclide angiography (r = 0.83). Descent of the Doppler early diastolic flow velocity peak correlated well with the radionuclide angiographic peak filling rate (r = 0.79). The ratio between the heights of the early and late (due to atrial systole) peaks of diastolic flow velocity showed good correlation with the ratio between percent of left ventricular filling during rapid filling and during atrial systole (r = 0.76). These findings demonstrate that the left ventricular diastolic flow velocity profile obtained with Doppler echocardiography compares favorably with radionuclide angiographic variables in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. Therefore, indexes directly derived from the Doppler diastolic flow velocity waveform maybe useful in providing a noninvasive, reliable and easily obtained estimate of diastolic performance in patients with cardiac disease.
Mutations associated with a congenital form of ichthyosis (NCIE) inactivate the epidermal lipoxygenases 12R-LOX and eLOX3.

Abstract Non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) is one of the main clinical forms of ichthyosis. Genetic studies indicated that 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX) or epidermal lipoxygenase-3 (eLOX3) was mutated in six families affected by NCIE [F. Jobard, C. Lefevre, A. Karaduman, C. Blanchet-Bardon, S. Emre, J. Weissenbach, M. Ozguc, M. Lathrop, J.F. Prud'homme, J. Fischer, Lipoxygenase-3 (ALOXE3) and 12(R)-lipoxygenase (ALOX12B) are mutated in non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) linked to chromosome 17p13.1, Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 (2002) 107–113.], but the impact of these mutations on LOX function has not been defined. To explore this, we overexpressed the wild-type or mutated enzymes in E. coli and COS7 cells and then analyzed the essential catalytic properties. We showed recently that human eLOX3 is a hydroperoxide isomerase (hepoxilin synthase) that converts the product of 12R-LOX, 12R-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HPETE) to a specific epoxyalcohol. Using incubations with [14C]-labeled substrates and HPLC analyses, we found that the naturally occurring mutations totally eliminate the lipoxygenase activity of 12R-LOX and the hydroperoxide isomerase activity of eLOX3. We further demonstrate that the 12R-LOX/eLOX3-derived 8R-hydroxy-11R,12R-epoxide is converted by an epoxide hydrolase in COS7 cells and in human keratinocytes to a single isomer of 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid. Taken together, the results support the hypothesis that 12R-LOX, eLOX3, and perhaps an epoxide hydrolase function together in the normal process of skin differentiation, and that the loss of function mutations are the basis of the LOX-dependent form of NCIE.
A new fluorimetric method for the determination of pyridine nucleotides in plant material and its use in following changes in the pyridine nucleotides during the respiration climacteric in apples

Abstract A method is described for the determination of the oxidized and reduced forms of pyridine nucleotides 1 by measuring the increase in fluorescence due to the reduction of resazurin to its highly fluorescent reduced form, resorufin in a recycling system involving a specific dehydrogenase, its substrate, N -methyl phenazonium methosulphate and resazurin. The conditions of the assay were arranged so that the level of pyridine nucleotide was rate limiting and under these conditions it was possible to measure amounts of pyridine nucleotides as low as 10 μμmole. Suitable investigations have shown that under the conditions of extraction and assay used, inhibitory effects due to the possible presence of enzyme inhibitors or quenchers of fluorescence in apple fruit extracts are negligible. A study of changes in pyridine nucleotides during the ripening of apple fruits detached from the tree was made. The most marked changes were in NADP and NADPH 2 in the pulp, but small but significant changes also occurred in the NAD level both in the peel and pulp. The method of assay was applied to the peel and pulp of pears and to pea leaves in addition to apple tissue and the values obtained are compared with other published values for plant tissues.
On the Gauge Equivalence of Twisted Quantum Doubles of Elementary Abelian and Extra-Special 2-Groups

Abstract We establish braided tensor equivalences among module categories over the twisted quantum double of a finite group defined by an extension of a group G ¯ by an abelian group, with 3-cocycle inflated from a 3-cocycle on G ¯ . We also prove that the canonical ribbon structure of the module category of any twisted quantum double of a finite group is preserved by braided tensor equivalences. We give two main applications: first, if G is an extra-special 2-group of width at least 2, we show that the quantum double of G twisted by a 3-cocycle ω is gauge equivalent to a twisted quantum double of an elementary abelian 2-group if, and only if, ω 2 is trivial; second, we discuss the gauge equivalence classes of twisted quantum doubles of groups of order 8, and classify the braided tensor equivalence classes of these quasi-triangular quasi-bialgebras. It turns out that there are exactly 20 such equivalence classes.
Evaluation of analgesic requirements and postoperative recovery after radical retropubic prostatectomy using long-acting spinal anesthesia

Abstract Objectives To analyze the postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, and convalescence of patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) under spinal anesthesia using long-acting morphine sulfate as preemptive analgesia. Methods A total of 103 consecutive men underwent RRP by a single surgeon. The time to tolerate oral fluids, time to unassisted ambulation, postoperative pain levels (visual analog pain score of 0 to 10), and analgesic requirements expressed in morphine equivalents were evaluated. Baseline patient characteristics and intraoperative factors (operating room time, blood loss) were also evaluated. Results The mean time to tolerate oral fluids and unassisted ambulation was 11.3 ± 7.6 hours and 20 ± 6 hours, respectively. The mean narcotic requirements were 7.4 ± 6.1 morphine equivalents before discharge and 28.5 ± 25.9 morphine equivalents in the first week after discharge. The mean visual analog pain score was 4.5 ± 2.1 at discharge and fell significantly to 1.5 ± 1.0 by the time of Foley catheter removal on postoperative day 7 or 8. The analgesic requirements after discharge correlated with the pain score at discharge (P = 0.016). The mean time to resumption of normal preoperative activities was 19.4 ± 9.4 days. Two patients developed postspinal anesthesia headache. No other complications attributable to the anesthetic occurred. Conclusions RRP may be performed through a small modified Pfannenstiel incision under spinal anesthesia containing long-acting morphine with little postoperative pain, low narcotic requirements, and a short convalescence. A prospective, randomized study is needed to compare the early postoperative outcomes of RRP performed using general versus spinal anesthesia.
Thermotolerance and heat shock protein induction by slow rates of heating

Abstract The magnitude of thermotolerance and the level of heat shock protein (HSP) expression have been measured in Chinese hamster ovary cells after gradual temperature transients from 37° or 39° to 42° or 43°C. When the level of thermotolerance was measured by clonogenic survival after challenging temperatures between 42° and 43°, substantial thermotolerance was observed. However, when the challenging temperature was raised to 45°C, proportionally less thermotolerance was apparent. Heat shock proteins were quantitated by scanning densitometry of radiographs and, in the case of HSP 70, by immunoassay. Scanning densitometry revealed that low levels of heat shock proteins were synthesized during the heating gradients, but less than after a heat shock at 45°C that delivered an equivalent heat dose. The immunoassay of HSP 70 levels measures both pre-existing and newly synthesized protein, and showed that there was no net increase in HSP 70 during two of the heating gradients tested, despite the increase in synthesis noted on the gels. Higher turnover of HSP 70 at the elevated temperatures possibly accounted for the failure to detect a net gain in total protein. In contrast, the total amount of HSP 70 doubled during the 6 hr following a heat shock of 45° for 10 min, an equivalent heat dose to one of the gradients where no net increase in HSP 70 was measured by immunoassay. It appears, then, that tolerance to hyperthemia at 43°C or below may occur under some conditions in the absence of elevated levels of HSP 70, but tolerance to higher temperatures is more closely correlated with increased levels of heat shock proteins. However, even at higher temperatures, our data show disparities between the levels of HSP measured and the thermotolerance expressed.
Sleep-Dependent Synaptic Down-Selection (II): Single-Neuron Level Benefits for Matching, Selectivity, and Specificity.

In a companion paper (Nere et al., this volume), we used computer simulations to show that a strategy of activity-dependent, on-line net synaptic potentiation during wake, followed by off-line synaptic depression during sleep, can provide a parsimonious account for several memory benefits of sleep at the systems level, including the consolidation of procedural and declarative memories, gist extraction, and integration of new with old memories. In this paper, we consider the theoretical benefits of this two-step process at the single neuron level and employ the theoretical notion of Matching between brain and environment to measure how this process increases the ability of the neuron to capture regularities in the environment and model them internally. We show that down-selection during sleep is beneficial for increasing or restoring Matching after learning, after integrating new with old memories, and after forgetting irrelevant material. By contrast, alternative schemes, such as additional potentiation in wake, potentiation in sleep, or synaptic renormalization in wake, decrease Matching. We also argue that, by selecting appropriate loops through the brain that tie feedforward synapses with feedback ones in the same dendritic domain, different subsets of neurons can learn to specialize for different contingencies and form sequences of nested perception-action loops. By potentiating such loops when interacting with the environment in wake, and depressing them when disconnected from the environment in sleep, neurons can learn to match the long-term statistical structure of the environment while avoiding spurious modes of functioning and catastrophic interference. Finally, such a two-step process has the additional benefit of desaturating the neuron's ability to learn and of maintaining cellular homeostasis. Thus, sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization offers a parsimonious account for both cellular and systems-level effects of sleep on learning and memory.
The isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase from Ascaris lumbricoides: The reactive site

Abstract Five isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase present in aqueous extracts of Ascaris were isolated. The reactive site in each isoinhibitor, the peptide bond that during encounter is positioned over the catalytic site in chymotrypsin, is LeuMet. This bond was hydrolyzed by incubating intact isoinhibitors with 5–25 mol% chymotrypsin at pH 3.2 for 4–6 days (isoinhibitor 1) or 2.5–5 weeks (isoinhibitors 2–5). The reaction under these conditions did not proceed beyond 60% modified isoinhibitor (peptide bond hydrolyzed) and 40% intact inhibitor. The LeuMet bond, hydrolyzed in modified isoinhibitor, can be resynthesized at pH 7.6 by incubating modified inhibitor with a stoichiometric amount of chymotrypsin bound to Sepharose CL-4B and then dissociating the complex in a kinetically controlled fashion with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The product, intact inhibitor, was obtained in greater than 80% yield. The site in the isoinhibitor that is positioned over the catalytic site in elastase during encounter is the same as for encounter with chymotrypsin. The LeuMet bond hydrolyzed during encounter with elastase can be resynthesized by chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin and elastase bind to the inhibitor at the same site.
Dialysate iron therapy: infusion of soluble ferric pyrophosphate via the dialysate during hemodialysis.

side-effects, including hypotension and anaphylactoid reResults. Hemoglobin, serum iron parameters, and the eryth- actions [13]. The toxicity of these compounds may be ropoietin dose did not change significantly from month 0 to secondary to liberation of free iron caused by chemical month 6, both within and between the two groups. The weekly interactions in plasma [13] or circulating antidextran andose of i.v. iron (mean 6 sd) needed to maintain iron balance tibodies in patients administered repeated doses of iron during month 6 was 56 6 37 mg in the i.v. iron group compared with 10 6 23 mg in the dialysate iron group (P 5 0.001). dextran [14]. Ferric iron is strongly complexed by pyroIntravenous iron was required by all 11 patients in the i.v. iron phosphate; the log of stability or formation constant group compared with only 2 of the 10 patients receiving 12 mg/dl (Kstab) is 22.2 [15]. Pyrophosphate is known to trigger dialysate iron. The incidence of adverse effects was similar in iron removal from transferrin, enhance iron transfer both groups. from transferrin to ferritin, and promote iron exchange Conclusions. Slow infusion of soluble iron pyrophosphate
EFFECTS OF CRYOPROTECTANTS IN MINIMIZING PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF BOVINE NATURAL ACTOMYOSIN DURING FROZEN STORAGE

Physicochemical changes in bovine natural actomyosin extracted from prerigor semimembranosus muscle were investigated during frozen storage at −28°C as affected by the addition of cryoprotectants (5.6% Polydextrose® or 5.6% mixture (1:1) of sucrose and sorbitol). Proteins were destabilized during freezing and frozen storage as reflected by decreases in protein solubility, the visual appearance of aggregates in protein sols, decrease in intensity of flow birefringence, intrinsic viscosity and ATPase activity, and changes in size, shape, or charge of the protein (especially myosin) as evidenced by nondenaturing electrophoresis. These effects were reduced to some extent by the two cryoprotectant treatments.
Evaluating hybridization as a potential facilitator of successful cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) invasion in Florida, USA

Interspecific hybridization is cited as one potential mechanism for increased invasiveness, par- ticularly among some grass species. In the southeast- ern United States, the successful invasion of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) has sometimes been attributed to hybridization with the previously natu- ralized Imperata brasiliensis. This research aimed to determine whether genetic signals are consistent with these two species having experienced interspecific hybridization in Florida (USA), where it has been proposed that such an event facilitated cogongrass invasion across the region. Individuals of invasive I. cylindrica populations (n = 66) were sampled broadly from the state, and I. brasiliensis (n = 63) individuals were sampled from expertly identified and vouchered populations in Miami-Dade County. Genetic analysis utilized amplified fragment length polymorphisms in sampled individuals, and failed to detect significant genetic differentiation between the two species. Analysis of molecular variance parti- tioned the majority of detected variation within populations (86 %), while only 8 % was significantly partitioned between I. cylindrica and I. brasiliensis (FST = 0.135, P \ 0.001). Both STRUCTURE ana- lysis and principal coordinates analysis strongly indicated the presence of a single genetic group across the sampled populations. Hybrid analysis furthermore failed to support interspecific hybridization. Florida populations thus are suggested to share genetic parent material(s) and/or have experienced substantial admixture across the state. Therefore, this study suggests Imperata populations in South Florida that are currently considered to be I. brasiliensis are not genetically distinct from I. cylindrica, and regional cogongrass invasion likely was not facilitated by previously postulated interspecific hybridization.
Expanding the vision of the Experimental Forest and Range network to urban areas

After 100 years, the USDA Forest Service has emerging opportunities to expand the Experimental Forest and Range (EFR) network to urban areas. The purpose of this expansion would be to broaden the types of ecosystems studied, interdisciplinary approaches used, and relevance to society of the EFR network through long-term and large-scale social–ecological projects in urban areas. The goals of these urban long-term research areas (ULTRAs) are to create scientifically rigorous knowledge of our urban regions and provide information needed to address current and future social–ecological problems.
Spectral and Angular Distribution of Ultraviolet Radiation from the 300-Mev Cornell Synchrotron

The spectral characteristics of the radiation emitted by high-energy centripetally accelerated electrons have been examined for various electron energies over a wide wavelength range extending down to 60 A. Following preliminary remarks concerning the source and spectral distribution laws deduced from theory, the paper describes an experimental investigation of the spectrum. The spectrum is examined in the quartz region but the major portion of the work deals with measurements in the soft x-ray region where a grazing incidence vacuum spectrograph is used to record the average power spectrum emitted over a partial or full synchrotron acceleration interval during which the electron energy reaches the values of 233 Mev or 321 Mev, respectively. In each case the radiation is detected photographically and photometric proceedures are followed in reducing the spectrograms. The method of reduction takes into account aspects of the actual source, and a variety of instrumental factors dealing with the dispersion, the transmission, the spectral response, and also the geometrical effects of the optical system involved. The calibration of the emulsion is carried out according to schemes appropriate to each wavelength region. While heterochromatic photometry can be employed in the quartz region, in the vacuum region the emulsion response is taken as constant for fixed energy independent of wavelength. The wavelength dependence of the grating reflecting power is determined by calculations based on measurements with nearly monochromatic sources. This information makes it possible to reduce the exposures obtained with the synchrotron continuum over the wavelength region extending from 60 A to about 200 A. At longer wavelengths the grating response is deduced by treating a portion of the 233-Mev spectrum as known; the grating efficiency obtained in this manner is then used to reduce the corresponding portion of the 321-Mev exposure.
The role of body fat in female attractiveness

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of body fat percentage (BF%) on female attractiveness. To this end, a series of female body images were selected from a collection of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Images were stratified by three levels (low, mid, and high) of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and seven levels (15%–50%) of BF%. These 21 images were presented in a random order and rated for attractiveness. Results indicate that WHR, BMI, and BF% are all significant predictors of female attractiveness when regressed separately ( R 2 =0.19, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively). When regressed simultaneously, all three variables accounted for 87% of the variance in image attractiveness, with only BF% and WHR being significant predictors. Further analysis revealed that body fat might disrupt the negative linear relationship between WHR and attractiveness. Men and women differed significantly in most categories of WHR and BF%, with men generally rating images as less attractive than women. These data indicate that BF% appears to be a strong cue for attractiveness and that the impact of WHR and BMI on attractiveness is dependent, in part, on BF%. The appearance of body fat may provide disruption in the visual cues of both shape and size of the female body, potentially impacting behavior.
Rethinking Fathers' Involvement in Child Care A Developmental Perspective

Most studies of fathers' participation in child care focus on fairness, or domestic democracy. What is sacrificed by fairness-focused studies of family work is attention to the developmental tasks that adult men and women face while building a life together. This article explores the developmental implications for fathers of their underinvolvement in child care using Erikson's conception of adult development and his emphasis on achieving generativity. We suggest processes by which fathers may develop generativity and outline the challenges they face in achieving it. The transition to parenthood often sets mothers and fathers on divergent developmental trajectories that may leave them in different developmental positions. Men's involvement in child care may be crucial to keeping men's and women's development synchronous and hence to maintaining satisfying relationships. A developmental perspective on men's participation in child care may also be more conducive to helping fathers increase their involvement ...
Meiotic Crossing Over Between Nonhomologous Chromosomes Affects Chromosome Segregation in Yeast

Meiotic recombination between artificial repeats positioned on nonhomologous chromosomes occurs efficiently in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both gene conversion and crossover events have been observed, with crossovers yielding reciprocal translocations. In the current study, 5.5-kb ura3 repeats positioned on chromosomes V and XV were used to examine the effect of ectopic recombination on meiotic chromosome segregation. Ura(+) random spores were selected and gene conversion vs. crossover events were distinguished by Southern blot analysis. Approximately 15% of the crossover events between chromosomes V and XV were associated with missegregation of one of these chromosomes. The missegregation was manifest as hyperploid spores containing either both translocations plus a normal chromosome, or both normal chromosomes plus one of the translocations. In those cases where it could be analyzed, missegregation occurred at the first meiotic division. These data are discussed in terms of a model in which ectopic crossovers compete efficiently with normal allelic crossovers in directing meiotic chromosome segregation.
Proposal writing from three perspectives: Technical Communication, Engineering, and science

Proposal writing is a venture common to non-profit organizations, academic researchers across disciplines, scientists and engineers in academic and professional contexts, and educators. This paper addresses proposal-writing challenges of researchers in three very different academic fields: Technical Communication, Engineering, and Biology. An inherently interdisciplinary undertaking, proposal writing entails challenges of two kinds: general (common to most writers) and field-specific, or limited to people from one discipline or environment. Both types of challenges are addressed here.
Leberversagen bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen

Eine Storung der Leberfunktion wird bei etwa 20–25% der Patienten mit Organversagen im Rahmen einer schweren Entzundungsreaktion beobachtet. Obwohl der klinische Parameter hierfur — der Anstieg des Bilirubins — in der Regel erst nach Funktionsstorungen anderer Organe auftritt, zeigen sehr sensitive Nachweismethoden einer hepatalen Dysfunktion, wie die Indozyangrunclearance, dass die Leberbeteiligung ein sehr fruhes Ereignis darstellt. Ursache fur die Funktionseinschrankung der Leber sind vor allem Zytokine, die Grosteils direkt in der Leber selbst auf die verschiedenen Stimuli (Endotoxine, Hypoxie usw.) freigesetzt werden.
Finite element analysis of multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses

Fresnel lenses have recently emerged as viable alternatives to conventional spherical lenses for focusing ultrasonic waves in acoustic microscopy systems. Although these lenses are relatively straightforward to manufacture, their bulk represents a major handicap. A remedy to this problem is to use multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses. Multilevel lenses are surface relief structures that can be fabricated very precisely using existing VLSI semiconductor technology. However, accurate tools for designing lenses to achieve the desired efficiency and power specifications are not available. This paper presents a finite element study of multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses. Results showing ultrasonic wave propagation through such surface relief structures together with the resulting diffraction profiles are presented. The high efficiency and focusing power of these lenses are also demonstrated. Simulation results together with a discussion on various multilevel lens design issues are presented. These results confirm the advantages of such lenses, and suggest that the finite element model can serve as a valuable tool for designing, simulating, and studying lens profiles prior to their fabrication.
Unexpected Bleeding Disorders

Patients with known coagulation deficiencies, either congenital or acquired, may bleed spontaneously with trauma or with surgical intervention. In contrast, however, are the unchallenged patients who bleed in a variety of clinical settings that demand rapid diagnosis so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. In the first section Dr. Louis M. Aledort demonstrates a series of vignettes of actual cases who presented with unexpected bleeding or a screening laboratory abnormality prior to a needed surgical intervention. Settings include dental, oral surgical, obstetrical, surgical and gynecological. The differential diagnoses of these cases are discussed. In the second section Dr. David Green also uses vignettes to demonstrate how the laboratory is used to differentiate the various clinical entities. The choice and priority of required tests indicated by the settings, history, site and type of bleeding, and the syllogisms used to define the abnormality are stressed. In the third section, Dr. Jerome Teitel reviews in detail the therapeutic armamentarium available to the clinician and presents algorithms for the management of these bleeding disorders.
Accurate, noninvasive quantitation of expiratory gas leak from uncuffed infant endotracheal tubes.

Accurate measurement of expiratory gas leak from uncuffed infant endotracheal tubes is an important requirement for evaluating the rates of metabolic gas exchange by indirect calorimetry in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation. The present study reports a new, noninvasive technique for the efficient collection and analysis of expiratory gases leaked from a closed-circuit metabolic monitoring system recently described. A loose-fitting face mask is placed over the infant's endotracheal appliance and air is entrained from the mask cavity at 100 mL/min for CO2 analysis by infrared capnometry. In vitro calibration of this apparatus demonstrates a relative error of less than 5% of simulated endotracheal tube leak. In vivo application to metabolic rate assessment (using the MGM Jr. metabolic cart) in 12 intubated, ventilated infants ranging from 1.56 to 4.07 kg study weight demonstrated endotracheal tube leaks from 0.49 to 7.40% of net CO2 production, which ranged 10.67 to 70.91 mL/min (or mean 8.22 ± 0.93 SEM mL/kg/min). The magnitude of tube leakage of mixed expiratory gases could not be predicted from endotracheal tube diameter, ventilator settings, or infant activity or posture. As new instrumentation becomes available to measure the rates of metabolic gas exchange in intubated infants, systematic evaluation of uncuffed endotracheal tube gas leaks becomes critical. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1990; 9:55–60.
Correlates of Formal and Informal Support Seeking in Sexual Assault Victims

Correlates of service seeking were examined in a sample of 323 sexual assault victims. Several barriers to disclosure to different formal support providers were explored to determine whether victim characteristics, assault variables, and postassault experiences differentiated those women who sought formal assistance from those seeking informal support only. As expected, victims of stranger rapes with more injury were more likely to seek support from formal service providers. Victims seeking formal assistance reported receiving more negative social reactions when disclosing their assaults than victims soliciting support from informal social network members only. Frequency of receipt of positive social reactions did not differ as a function of disclosing to formal support providers or informal sources only, with the exception of tangible aid, which was more commonly provided by formal support sources. Implications for encouraging help seeking by victims and reducing negative social reactions of formal suppo...
Post-exsanguination infusion of ovine carcasses: effect on tenderness indicators and muscle microstructure.

Lambs were assigned to 3 treatment groups: control (Ctr), infused with 10% volume (by wt) of a tenderizing blend (NCa), and NCa plus 0.015M CaCl2 (WCa). Compared to Ctr and WCa, NCa-treated samples had lower shear force values (P < 0.05) and higher percent change in myofibrillar fragmentation index (P < 0.05). SDS-PAGE of infused samples revealed the appearance at 24 hr postmortem of 22-30 kd protein components. Scanning electron micrographs of NCa myofibrils showed they were more fragmented, fractured, or split and had wider interfibrillar spaces compared to Ctr and WCa. The fracture plane of muscles immediately postmortem was along the endomysial-sarcolemmal sheath, while at 24 hr postmortem the sheath was weakened enough for the fracture to occur along the surface of the myofibrils.
The effect of environment and host type on the rate of digestion in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans Westw

The rate of digestion, as reflected in the rate of excretion, on a blood-meal was measured in males of Glossina morsitans Westw. (subsp. orientalis Vanderplank) under identical conditions of temperature and relative humidity but varuing conditions of other factors. The rates of excretion in non-teneral males captured after feeding on bait-oxen in two different habitants were identical and were significantly higher than those of non-teneral field-collected males fed on guineapig in the laboratory. The latter excreated the meal more rapidly than non-teneral males that emerged and were fed on guinea-pig in the labortory. That the variations were not due differences in blood type was shown by feeding teneral laboratory-emerged males on different hosts; the rates of excretion of meals from different mammals did not significantly one from another. Teneral laboratory-emerged flies excreted more rapidly when fed on reptilian or avian blood than when fed on mammalian. The lower rate of excertion in laboratory explanations in terms of a metabolic uncoupliing and pre-feeding behaviour are described.
Corruption Cleanups in Africa Lessons from Public Choice Theory

The study critiques the development literature's neglect of the role played by institutions in development, with special emphasis on corruption cleanups. Such neglect is especially problematic in v...
Profiling Communication and Symbolic Abilities in Young Children

This article briefly addresses the potential detrimental impact of early language and communication impairments on a child's emotional and behavioral development, later educational achievement, and on the family's well-being. It focuses on children who fall along a continuum from a specific language delay to a more pervasive social-communicative impairment. Assessment is discussed from the perspective of profiling a young child's communication and symbolic abilities. Strategies for sampling communication and symbolic abilities in young children who are not yet talking or who are at early language stages are described. Emphasis is placed on involving the caregiver as an active participant interacting with the child, as an informant about the child's competence, and as a collaborator in consensus-building and decision-making based on shared observations and perceptions. The contribution of profiling to the early identification of a language impairment as well as to the design of an early intervention progra...
Laboratory observation of Alfvén resonance

We present laboratory observations of shear Alfven wave resonances in a cylindrical plasma column. Fourier data are presented which show the existence of many standing eigenmodes in the shear Alfven frequency range. Harmonic frequency dependence on ambient is presented for three resonances. A wavelet analysis is used to show the lifetimes of the identified harmonic modes. Experimental Q values for the first five eigenfrequencies are measured and compared to theoretical values.
A METHOD FOR CORING INLAND, FRESHWATER WETLAND SOILS

Currently, no method exists to core large volumes of inland freshwater wetland soils that maintains stratigraphic integrity, minimizes unnecessary disturbance, and cores up to a depth of 50 cm. Our objective was to create a large-volume soil coring device that could be applied with consistency to a variety of wetland substrates. The result is a hand-operated soil corer that resembles the aluminum irrigation pipe corer that DeLaune et al. (1978) used to core soft marshy substrates. Instead of aluminum pipe, we used regular steel stovepipe and a variety of tools for insertion. After the sample is extracted from the sediment, the handle can be quickly removed for ease of transportation and storage of a core. The stovepipe can be cut open to expose the soil sample so that it can easily be sectioned for incremental analysis. The corer was used to take 130 samples in 18 different sites, spanning many different wetland substrate types. Our method has many applications, including radiochronologic dating, seed bank analysis, bulk density measurement, and soil contaminants analysis.
The Cemented Unipolar Prosthesis for the Management of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Dependent Osteopenic Elderly.

Abstract Background Significant variability exists across orthopedic surgeons in the management of the displaced femoral neck fracture in the elderly patient (>75 years old). These patients tend to be less healthy, have inferior bone quality, and gait instability leading to increased risk of periprosthetic fracture, compromised implant fixation, dislocation, and need for revision. The surgeon’s goals should be to restore mobility while eliminating pain and need for reoperation. Methods In this review article, we examine the best available evidence in the literature to determine which strategy achieves optimal outcomes. We examine outcome studies comparing use of hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and cemented vs cementless fixation of femoral stems. Results and Conclusions For the active, healthy, and lucid patient, or one who has preexisting groin pain, who sustains a displaced femoral neck fracture, the literature supports a total hip arthroplasty. Patients sustaining a displaced femoral neck fracture and who are less active, have decreased bone mass, and are at increased risk of falls would benefit most from a device that optimally balances the need for revision surgery, restores ambulation, and eliminates pain. Thus, the current evidence favors cemented, unipolar hemiarthroplasty for the dependent osteopenic elderly patient with a displaced femoral neck fracture.
Some Concluding Thoughts

About the author: Hugh Taylor was respectively archivist of the cities of Leeds and Liverpool and the County of Northumberland in England before emigrating with his family to Canada in 1965. Since then, he has been, in turn, provincial archivist of Alberta, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, with some years as director of the Archives Branch of what is now the National Archives of Canada. A Fellow and former president of the Society of American Archivists, he now practices as a consulting archivist and lives in Victoria, British Columbia.
“We Don't Want a Teacher”: Using the Past to Offer Fresh Eyes to Contemporary Practice

Much historical and contemporary writing lauds the Citizenship Schools of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Highlander Folk School that supported them, as major players in the struggle to educate Black people across the South as citizens and voters. However, little scholarly literature explores the pedagogical and programmatic elements of these community-driven schools or the ways these schools provided an infrastructure to the movement. Drawing from archival research, this article examines these schools and connects their educational methods to the successes of the Civil Rights Movement. It names ways these methods influenced present practice in youth work for social change while also identifying the ways that many of the practices of these schools have been ignored or lost in contemporary youth work. It concludes by identifying from this work 9 questions youth workers can pose to orient their youth work toward social and racial justice.
A RIAM/lamellipodin–talin–integrin complex forms the tip of sticky fingers that guide cell migration

The leading edge of migrating cells contains rapidly translocating activated integrins associated with growing actin filaments that form 'sticky fingers' to sense extracellular matrix and guide cell migration. Here we utilized indirect bimolecular fluorescence complementation to visualize a molecular complex containing a Mig-10/RIAM/lamellipodin (MRL) protein (Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) or lamellipodin), talin and activated integrins in living cells. This complex localizes at the tips of growing actin filaments in lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions, thus corresponding to the tips of the 'sticky fingers.' Formation of the complex requires talin to form a bridge between the MRL protein and the integrins. Moreover, disruption of the MRL protein-integrin-talin (MIT) complex markedly impairs cell protrusion. These data reveal the molecular basis of the formation of 'sticky fingers' at the leading edge of migrating cells and show that an MIT complex drives these protrusions.
Surgical Management of Tractional Retinal Detachments in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

There have been significant recent advances in the management of diabetic tractional retinal detachments. Pre-operative intravitreal bevacizumab causes regression of active vessels and less intraoperative hemorrhage, small-gauge vitrectomy has dramatically changed how segmentation and delamination are performed, and bimanual surgery and viscodissection offer additional options. Intraoperative bevacizumab may decrease the incidence of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage. Single surgery success rates are generally >85 % with final anatomic success rates approaching 100 %. Useful vision (VA ≥ 20/100) is attained in <40 % of patients in most series while ambulatory vision (VA ≥ 5/200) is attained in <80 % patients in most series. No light perception/light perception only vision occurs in <10 % patients while recurrent hemorrhage occurs in approximately one-third of patients.
Electrodeposited Gold: Real Time Stress And Structural Change At Room Temperature.

In this work the stress and grain structure of electrodeposited gold films was determined as a function of time from deposition, with measurements being conducted in time intervals of minutes to days after deposition. A test structure that allows accurate and unambiguous measurement of out of plane distortion (OPD) was developed. Using this structure the time evolution of the stress of the films was followed using an interferometric microscope. Scanning ion microscopy was used to determine the time evolution of the grain structure of the samples. This technique, based on focused ion beam imaging, allows determination of grain structure of thin films without special sample preparation or restrictions in film thickness. The sign, magnitude, and stability of the stress at room temperature was found to be a function of the rate of deposition and the concentration of additive in the electrodeposition solution. For some of the films studied, grain growth from the hundreds of Angstroms to tens of microns was found to occur in a matter of minutes at room temperature.
Ultrafast Properties and Applications of GaAs and InP Based Materials Grown by MBE at Low Temperatures

The ultrafast carrier dynamics in GaAs, In0.52Al0 48As on InP, and In0.53Ga0.47As on InP, grown by molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) at low substrate temperatures, are investigated. A reduction in the carrier lifetime is observed with decreasing growth temperatures. The shortest carrier lifetimes of typically a picosecond (ps) are obtained at the lowest growth temperature range of 150–200 °C. Femtosecond optical absorption and reflectance measurements have been used to verify the sub-picosecond carrier lifetimes. Photoconductive switching measurements on these materials, measured using the technique of electro-optic sampling have further confirmed the sub-picosecond carrier lifetimes, and have also resulted in the generation of subpicosecond electrical signals. These short electrical pulses have been used for a variety of ultrafast optoelectronic applications.
Two-Dimensional Analysis of Solids Subjected to Exponential Heating and Surface Convection Using Thermal Diffusion and Propagation Models

Thermal diffusion and wave phenomena in a two-dimensional solid subjected to convective cooling and an internal exponential heat source are investigated. Both diffusion and Cattaneo-Vernotte (C-V) heat conduction models are solved using the superposition principle in conjunction with the solution structure theorems. For comparison purposes, both models are solved to demonstrate the flexibility of the technique and to show differences between the results. With cooling at the exposed surface, peak temperatures occur in the interior of the medium instead of at exposed surfaces. Peak temperatures predictions from the C-V model are higher than those from a conventional diffusion model due to the thermal lagging phenomenon. Because of the inherent thermal relaxation characteristic in the C-V model, energy transport takes the form of wave propagation rather than instantaneous energy transport at a non-physical infinite speed as seen in the diffusion model. The study demonstrates the flexibility of the solution structure theorems in solving conduction heat transfer problems in two-dimensional solids with complex boundary conditions and heat loads.
Judicial Review of Legislation under the Austrian Constitution of 1920

When Canada set up a federal system of government in 1867, she had nearly eighty years of American experience to build upon. Consequently, she was able to evade many of the problems in which we find ourselves entangled today. When Austria provided for judicial review in her constitution of 1920, she could profit from more than a century and a quarter of American experience, as well as from the various modifications of the American plan to be found in the British Dominions and elsewhere. Hence, we should not be surprised to learn that in the opinion of Dr. Hans Kelsen the theory and practice of judicial control of legislation reached a more complete development in Austria than in any other nation.
Effects of fasting on plasma volume and fluid and sodium exchanges in male rabbits.

SummaryDaily determinations or fluid exchanges, urinary Na+ excretion, and plasma volume, Na+, K+, protein, and os-molality were made using 13 adult male rabbits during periods of ad libitum feedin...
Surface Modification of Superfine Powder

New methods on the surface modification of superfine powder,such as coating modification,chemical modification,high energy modification,etc.,are introduced.The advantages of them and the methods of evaluating modified effect are also discussed in detail.
Suprapubic Bladder Neck Suspension for the Management of Urinary Incontinence in the Myelodysplastic Girl

Abstract Four young girls with myelodysplasia who remained incontinent despite intermittent catheterization and pharmacological manipulation underwent suprapubic bladder neck suspension along with bladder augmentation. Of the patients 3 underwent augmentation for decreased detrusor compliance and 1 as a part of a planned urinary undiversion. There was a mean increase in continence length of 1 cm. and a mean increase of 49 cm. water in urethral closure pressure in all patients. All patients currently are dry on intermittent selfcatheterization and oxybutinin chloride with a minimum followup of 18 months with no evidence of upper tract deterioration. Therefore, suprapubic bladder neck suspension can be used successfully in the female patient with decreased outlet resistance. The procedure is easy to perform and would be easily reversible should incontinence recur and a further operation be required.