cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does the time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and start of in vitro fertilization affect outcomes

Objective To investigate whether the time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and the start of IVF-ET cycles affect IVF cycle outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Academic center. Patient(s) All patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy before fresh IVF-ET. Intervention(s) Hysteroscopic polypectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Patients were divided into three groups based on the time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and the start of a fresh IVF-ET cycle. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent IVF-ET after their next menses, group 2 after two or three menstrual cycles, and group 3 after more than three menstrual cycles. Demographics, baseline IVF characteristics, controlled ovarian stimulation response, and pregnancy outcomes after ET were compared among the groups. Result(s) A total of 487 patients met inclusion criteria: 241 in group 1 (49.5%), 172 in group 2 (35.3%), and 74 in group 3 (15.2%). There were no differences in the baseline characteristics of the three groups. Ovarian stimulation outcomes, specifically total stimulation days, total gonadotropins administered, and number of oocytes retrieved, were similar between groups. There were no differences in the mean number of embryos transferred. The overall pregnancy outcomes were similar for groups 1, 2, and 3: implantation rate (42.4%, 41.2%, and 42.1%, respectively), clinical pregnancy rate (48.5%, 48.3%, and 48.6%), spontaneous miscarriage rate (4.56%, 4.65%, and 4.05%), and live birth rate (44.0, 43.6%, and 44.6%). Conclusion(s) Because waiting for two or more menstrual cycles after hysteroscopic polypectomy does not necessarily yield superior outcomes, patients can undergo ovarian stimulation after their next menses without affecting IVF-ET outcomes.
Cell-to-Cell Transcript Variability: Seeing Signal in the Noise

How stochastic is gene expression in mammalian cells? Not very, according to Battich et al., who report that single-cell variability in cytoplasmic mRNAs is remarkably predictable given measurements of a cell's phenotypic state and microenvironment. The noise from transcriptional bursts is buffered by a hallmark of eukaryotes-the nucleus.
Cyber Weapons & Export Control: Incorporating Dual Use with the PrEP Model

How do existing export control laws treat malware and cyber weapons and what complications arise with their use? This paper presents a technically grounded framework to examine under what conditions malicious software components might be covered by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). It presents the law in question and examines several key challenges in classifying and restricting the flow of cyber weapons.
Olivenza: An Iberian “Alsace/Lorraine”

The wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon obliterated century-old boundaries. In the tedious reformation of European borders, nations quarreled so violently at times—such as over Poland and Saxony—that it seemed as if new wars would immediately engulf Europe. This study explores a major Iberian storm center, which existed on the eastern Portuguese border at Olivenza. Repercussions of this conflict between Spain and Portugal extended from Moscow to Montevideo—and resulted in the formation of a new nation, Uruguay.
The Occurrence of Insect Parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon

To date, 34 species of primary parasites have been recovered from the spruce bud worm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) in Oregon. Of these, 15 species are considered of major importance. Analysis of the abundance and distribution of these parasites was based on concepts and methods used in plant sociology. Within host populations during the period 1953-56, seven species are shown to have increased in density without decreasing in presence, and three species to have increased in presence without decreasing in density . .For one infestation, the frequency of parasite species over the area was found to be consistent with density. Whereas most species are believed to be distributed over the region, it is obvious that conditions within a single infestation may be unfavorable to the multiplication of some species. Secondary parasitization is suggested as a factor retarding the increase in density of primary parasites during the early stages of an outbreak.
Accelerating Bio-Inspired MAV Computations using GPUs

In the paper, we discuss the use of general purpose GPUs for simulating the flapping flight of a fruit bat. The highly deformable prescribed wing motion is simulated using an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). These computations are optimized for the GPU platform using CUDA Fortran to obtain about six times speed up over CPUs. Strong scaling study and code profiling is performed to understand code characteristics to develop a path for future improvements.
Immunologic Biomarkers, Morbidity, and Mortality in Treated HIV Infection

Despite marked improvements in the modern treatment era, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, particularly those who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at advanced disease stages, continue to have increased age-related morbidity and mortality, compared with the general population. Immune activation and inflammation persist despite suppressive ART and predict many of these morbidities. The goal of this review is to examine the evidence suggesting a link between the persistent inflammatory state and morbidity and mortality in this setting, to describe the impact of early ART initiation on these factors, and to highlight important unanswered questions for the field. We also advance a hypothesis to explain why some morbidities-and their root inflammatory drivers-may be prevented more than others by early ART initiation.
Opportunistic Feedback and Online Optimization for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Linear Receivers

This paper proposes a scheduling and feedback strategy for the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) downlink. The base station uses a per-antenna scheduling that maps each transmit antenna to a different user in the downlink. The scheduling is performed based on the channel information obtained via a contention based feedback mechanism. Two design parameters, i.e., a channel quality threshold and a feedback probability, are proposed to adjust the scheduling and feedback behavior of this system. They are updated through a novel online updating procedure using empirically observed distribution information. The main advantages of the proposed protocol are that it substantially reduces the feedback requirements, still achieves multiuser diversity gain, and provides some fairness without a priori assumptions about the channel distribution.
The Influence of Early Respondents: Information Cascade Effects in Online Event Scheduling

Sequential group decision-making processes, such as online event scheduling, can be subject to social influence if the decisions involve individuals? subjective preferences and values. Indeed, prior work has shown that scheduling polls that allow respondents to see others' answers are more likely to succeed than polls that hide other responses, suggesting the impact of social influence and coordination. In this paper, we investigate whether this difference is due to information cascade effects in which later respondents adopt the decisions of earlier respondents. Analyzing more than 1.3 million Doodle polls, we found evidence that cascading effects take place during event scheduling, and in particular, that early respondents have a larger influence on the outcome of a poll than people who come late. Drawing on simulations of an event scheduling model, we compare possible interventions to mitigate this bias and show that we can optimize the success of polls by hiding the responses of a small percentage of low availability respondents.
Science to Support the Prevention of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen of international public health concern. It is a leading cause of food-related hospitalization, fetal loss, and death in the United States (U.S.). Most exposures result from foods that do not undergo further consumer cooking and are considered ready-to-eat (RTE). In most healthy individuals, exposure to Lm results in flu-like symptoms; however, among growing susceptible populations (e.g., older adults, pregnant women, and the immunocompromised), exposure to Lm can result in spontaneous abortion (in pregnant women), septicemia, meningitis, and death. Control of Lm can be difficult, since it is widely distributed and persists along the entire food supply chain, can re-contaminate RTE foods, and can grow to high levels at typical refrigeration temperatures. Despite these challenges, the U.S. has successfully reduced the incidence of listeriosis by over 42% in the past decade – primarily as a result of a regulatory risk management strategy that motivated industry adoption of more effective Lm processing controls and implementation of enhanced sanitation programs to prevent Lm contamination of meat and poultry products. This chapter explores the systematic conduct and use of microbiological risk assessments to effectively guide federal policies and programs, creation of a regulatory environment that supported industry efforts to prevent Lm contamination of RTE meat and poultry products, and the resulting shared public-private success in reducing the risk of listeriosis in the U.S. The chapter ends with the consideration of several recent outbreaks of invasive listeriosis and recognition of continued gaps in knowledge to fully assess the food safety risk that supports maintenance of a “zero tolerance” for Lm.
Heart failure in patients with kidney disease

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the population of CKD patients with concurrent HF continues to grow. The accurate diagnosis of HF is challenging in patients with CKD in part due to a lack of validated imaging and biomarkers specifically in this population. The pathophysiology between the heart and the kidneys is complex and bidirectional. Patients with CKD have greater prevalence of traditional HF risk factors as well as unique kidney-specific risk factors including malnutrition, acid-base alterations, uraemic toxins, bone mineral changes, anemia and myocardial stunning. These risk factors also contribute to the decline of kidney function seen in patients with subclinical and clinical HF. More targeted HF therapies may improve outcomes in patients with kidney disease as current HF therapies are underutilised in this population. Further work is also needed to develop novel HF therapies for the CKD population.
Adolescents with Persistent History of Maltreatment Fail in Antisaccadic Task

The antisaccadic task is sensitive to what is called frontal dysfunction, i.e. dysfunction of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex which are the basis for a wide range of symptoms. The present study examined saccadic eye movements in adolescents with persistent history of maltreatment. Participants included 17 female subjects with maltreatment history. The control group consisted of 54 typically developing female subjects. All participants were administered Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and saccadic eye movement tests. CBCL showed significant differences between the maltreated and control groups. The prosaccadic test revealed insignificant results between both groups. The antisaccadic test revealed a highly significant difference (longer latencies, more prosaccadic mistakes in the group of maltreated subjects). Antisaccadic eye movements may be regarded as a possible indicator of persistent maltreatment and following emotional and behavioral problems and may therefore enhance diagnostic methods.
SAFETY WITH SURGICAL LASERS.

With the development of any new biomedical or surgical technique using a potentially hazardous new technology, it is necessary to consider health hazards to both the patient and medical personnel. Lasers used in surgery and in some other biomedical applications can pose potential hazards to both the patient and to the laser operating personnel. Because the laser beam is normally in the open when emitted from a surgical laser, special precautions are necessary. Unlike many applications of relatively high-powered lasers in industry where the laser may been closed, the very nature of most lasr surgical procedures requires the use of administrative controls and the use of protective eyewear rather than engineering controls such as beam enclosures, baffles, etc. Be cause of the requirements for flexibility in the arrangement of the laser beam delivery system and the open beam, the potential for hazardous exposure to laser radiationis the highest for some surgical and biomedical personnel (1, 2, 3). The hazards posed by enclosed industrial lasers are, as a general rule, farless (2).With the development of any new biomedical or surgical technique using a potentially hazardous new technology, it is necessary to consider health hazards to both the patient and medical personnel. Lasers used in surgery and in some other biomedical applications can pose potential hazards to both the patient and to the laser operating personnel. Because the laser beam is normally in the open when emitted from a surgical laser, special precautions are necessary. Unlike many applications of relatively high-powered lasers in industry where the laser may been closed, the very nature of most lasr surgical procedures requires the use of administrative controls and the use of protective eyewear rather than engineering controls such as beam enclosures, baffles, etc. Be cause of the requirements for flexibility in the arrangement of the laser beam delivery system and the open beam, the potential for hazardous exposure to laser radiationis the highest for some surgical and biomedical personnel (1, 2, 3). The hazards...
Caloric restriction counteracts chemotherapy-induced inflammation and increases response to therapy in a triple negative breast cancer model

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that has no available targeted therapies. Previously, we have shown that caloric restriction (CR) can augment the effects of radiatio...
Revelations from a Dying Planet: Agriculture, Corporate Capitalism, and the Murder of Nature

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph: Planet Earth is in trouble. Present and future generations are contributing to and inheriting levels of environmental degradation unparalleled in human history. Increasingly violent weather, droughts, floods, water and air pollution, species extinction and other environmental calamities are becoming commonplace. Every day we read alarming statistics and bleak forecasts about the deteriorating state of the environment and our chances of future survival, and every day there’s a new round of worry, finger-pointing, and denial. While government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s), environmental activists, and concerned citizens labor to protect and save the earth community, their efforts continue to meet stiff resistance by those who benefit from exploiting and diminishing the earth’s natural resources. While we all contribute to this problem as producers and consumers, one of the primary institutional drivers is corporate capitalism, particularly as it has evolved in the United States. Today, America’s national and multinational corporations are dominant forces on the world stage, wielding tremendous power over economies, governments, and people’s lives. Advocates boast that their success is the result of a superior economic system that promotes free markets, individual initiative, hard work, and private ownership, but in reality their commercial and financial success is largely the result of the brutal and murderous relationship human beings have with nature. This faculty essay is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol12/iss1/15
Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis

The idea that metabolites produced by pathogens could be detrimental to plants originated from the experiments of de Bary when he succeeded in reproducing soft-rot symptoms by applying a sterile extract from rotten carrots to healthy tissues in 1886. The concept was advanced by Gaumann when he stated that “microorganisms arc pathogenic only if they are toxigenic,” and “the agents responsible for disease can damage their hosts only if they form toxins” (Gaumann, 1954).
Hominids Foraging in a Complex Landscape: Could Homo ergaster and Australopithecus boisei Meet Their Calories Requirements?

In this paper we present results of an agent-based model of foraging of hominids. The model represents foraging activities in a landscape that is based on detailed measurements of food availability in the modern East African environments. These current landscapes are used as a model for the environment of the hominids one million years ago. We use the model to explore possible rankings of food preferences for different types of hominids (Homo ergaster and Australopithecus boisei) in different types of semi-arid landscapes. We let the agents adjust their preferences to maximize their calories intake and show that A. boisei could not meet its calories requirements in different landscapes.
Inclusion of Females Does Not Increase Variability in Rodent Research Studies

The underrepresentation of female subjects in animal research has gained attention in recent years, and new NIH guidelines aim to address this problem early, at the grant proposal stage. Many researchers believe that use of females will hamper research because of the need for increased sample sizes, and increased costs. Here I review empirical research across multiple rodent species and traits that demonstrates that females are not more variable than males, and that for most traits, female estrous cyclicity need not be considered. I present statistical simulations illustrating how factorial designs can reduce the need for additional research subjects, and discuss cultural issues around the inclusion of male and female subjects in research.
Correlating nuclear morphometric patterns with estrogen receptor status in breast cancer pathologic specimens.

In this pilot study, we introduce a machine learning framework to identify relationships between cancer tissue morphology and hormone receptor pathway activation in breast cancer pathology hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained samples. As a proof-of-concept, we focus on predicting clinical estrogen receptor (ER) status—defined as greater than one percent of cells positive for estrogen receptor by immunohistochemistry staining—from spatial arrangement of nuclear features. Our learning pipeline segments nuclei from H&E images, extracts their position, shape and orientation descriptors, and then passes them to a deep neural network to predict ER status. After training on 57 tissue cores of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), our pipeline predicted ER status in an independent test set of patient samples (AUC ROC = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.55–0.89, n = 56). This proof of concept shows that machine-derived descriptors of morphologic histology patterns can be correlated to signaling pathway status. Unlike other deep learning approaches to pathology, our system uses deep neural networks to learn spatial relationships between pre-defined biological features, which improves the interpretability of the system and sheds light on the features the neural network uses to predict ER status. Future studies will correlate morphometry to quantitative measures of estrogen receptor status and, ultimately response to hormonal therapy. An artificial intelligence tool that analyzes the morphology of cell nuclei can help pathologists predict whether a breast cancer sample expresses the estrogen receptor (ER) or not. David Agus from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, USA, and colleagues designed a machine-learning algorithm to correlate ER status — which is usually determined via immunohistochemistry assays — with visual patterns of shape, orientation and other nuclear features that a pathologist normally sees on a stained biopsy specimen. The researchers trained the algorithm on samples taken from 57 women with untreated invasive ductal carcinoma. They then tested the model’s accuracy on a separate set of 56 patient samples. The algorithm could predict ER status with reasonable precision and accuracy, suggesting that, with improvements, it could form the basis of a diagnostic aid for guiding treatment decisions.
Employment, Income, and SSI Effects of Postsecondary Education for People With Intellectual Disability

Abstract The low employment rates of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are a major concern. This study examined the effect of postsecondary education on employment atrnd earnings for individuals with ID and the effect of state variation on those outcomes. Rehabilitation Services Administration 911 (RSA-911) files for 2008–2013 were analyzed (n = 11,280 individuals with ID). Multilevel modeling techniques were used to understand state variation, such as various economic and programmatic features that influence outcomes. Postsecondary education was associated with increased employment, increased weekly earnings, decreased reliance on Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. Policy implications are discussed.
Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grids Based on Forecasts

The bi-directional communication capabilities that emerged into the smart power grid play a critical role in the grid’s secure, reliable and efficient operation. Nevertheless, the data communication functionalities introduced to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) nodes end the grid’s isolation, and expose the network into an array of cyber-security threats that jeopardize the grid’s stability and availability. For instance, malware amenable to inject false data into the AMI can compromise the grid’s state estimation process and lead to catastrophic power outages. In this paper, we explore several statistical spatio-temporal models for efficient diagnosis of false data injection attacks in smart grids. The proposed methods leverage the data co-linearities that naturally arise in the AMI measurements of the electric network to provide forecasts for the network’s AMI observations, aiming to quickly detect the presence of “bad data”. We evaluate the proposed approaches with data tampered with stealth attacks compiled via three different attack strategies. Further, we juxtapose them against two other forecasting-aided detection methods appearing in the literature, and discuss the trade-offs of all techniques when employed on real-world power grid data, obtained from a large university campus.
Characteristics of Noninstitutionalized DI and SSI Program Participants, 2013 Update

The authors use data from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to administrative records from the Social Security Administration (SSA) to produce tables describing the characteristics of Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients in December 2010. This match to survey data allows the authors to provide detailed information on the economic and demographic characteristics of program participants not available in administrative records. These tables update those previously published by DeCesaro and Hemmeter (2008) using 2002 data.
Abstract 667: Endothelial Cell “Memory”: Rapid Recall of Chemokines After Prior Exposure to Inflammatory Stimuli

Background: Surprisingly little has been studied on the capacity of cytokine-primed endothelial cells (EC) to respond upon secondary challenge. The principal hypothesis is that EC store and rapidly...
Navigating Terminology and Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Child Language Disorders: Challenges and Solutions for Educators:

Diagnostic labels for children with primary, or otherwise unexplained, language disorders range across settings and within the scientific literature. Among other problems, this lack of agreement cr...
Time-Inconsistent Problems for Controlled Markov Chains with Distribution-Dependent Costs: Equilibrium Solutions

This paper focuses on a class of continuous-time controlled Markov chains with time-inconsistent and distribution-dependent cost functional (in some appropriate sense). A new definition of time-inconsistent distribution-dependent equilibrium in closed-loop sense is given and its existence and uniqueness have been established. Because of the time-inconsistency, it is proved that the equilibrium is locally optimal in an appropriate sense. Moreover, it has been shown that our problem is essentially equivalent to an infinite-player mean-field game with time-inconsistent cost.
On a planar theory of a discrete nonlinearly elastic rod

A discrete model for elastic rods undergoing planar motions based on the theory of a directed (or Cosserat) rod is presented. Edge vectors and a director are used to capture cross section deformations including stretch, stretch gradients, shear, shear gradients, and the Poisson effect. In addition, deformations such as longitudinal stretch and bending are also incorporated. The model is validated with the help of known analytical solutions to benchmark problems using Green and Naghdi’s rod theory.
Social Welfare for a Global Era: International Perspectives on Policy and Practice

In his book, Social Welfare for a Global Era: International Perspectives on Policy and Practice, James Midgley delivers a comprehensive account of the interaction of practices and policies for crea...
Quando o "mal" afinal não é mau!

Introducao: Entre as numerosas causas de linfadenopatia, a tuberculose e o linfoma sao relativamente comuns e potencialmente curaveis. A tuberculose ganglionar e o local mais comum de tuberculose extrapulmonar, sendo os gânglios cervicais os mais afetados.Descricao de Caso: Homem de 87 anos de idade, de raca caucasiana, pertencente a uma familia alargada, de classe social media baixa, com dependencia grave segundo a escala de Barthel. Dos antecedentes pessoais apresenta varios fatores de risco vascular, doenca cerebrovascular, fibrilacao auricular paroxistica, insuficiencia cardiaca, com fracao de ejecao moderadamente reduzida. O doente foi observado no domicilio pelo seu Medico de Familia por um “papo no pescoco” que tinha surgido ha cerca de 4 dias, apresentava uma massa supraclavicular esquerda com dor local e anorexia. Negava febre, tosse, hipersudorese noturna e perda ponderal. A massa apresentava caracteristicas suspeitas e sinais inflamatorios locais pelo que foi medicado com antibioterapia e foi requisitada uma ecografia das partes moles para melhor caracterizar a aparente adenopatia. A ecografia sugeriu eventual doenca linfoproliferativa ou adenite bacilar. Sem resposta a antibioterapia instituida e com estudo analitico sem alteracoes relevantes e TAC do Torax a revelar conglomerado adenopatico com alguma necrose associada no cavado supraclavicular esquerdo foi encaminhado para o Servico de Urgencia tendo sido internado para estudo. A pesquisa de BAAR/DNA BK do exsudado foi positiva, pelo que foi assumido quadro compativel com linfadenite tuberculosa, tendo iniciado tuberculostaticos. Teve alta com indicacao de encaminhamento para o Centro de Diagnostico Pneumologico.Comentario: Estabelecer um diagnostico de tuberculose extrapulmonar e um desafio. A continuidade de cuidados pelo Medico de Familia permite acompanhar a evolucao clinica de forma a adotar a abordagem que o medico considere mais oportuna e, fundamentalmente, permite antecipar e preparar a familia para uma eventual crise e fornecer o apoio para uma melhor estabilizacao psicossocial do agregado familiar.
Before the Forge: The Discourse of RPGs, 1974–2000

This chapter outlines the shape of the discourse about role-playing games (RPGs) from their emergence in the mid-1970s through to the end of the millennium, including both the conversation among RPG hobbyists about the role-playing experience and the public discourse about Dungeons & Dragons and its potential impact on its players transpiring in the mass media. It shows how the conversation inside the hobby sought to establish what a role-playing game was or should be, accompanied by a conversation in the mass media that framed role-playing as an activity for youth and made either condescending or alarmist normative judgments about those who engaged in it. It offers those conversations as the context in which two seminal essays written by a tabletop RPG (TRPG) designer named Ron Edwards served as the impetus for the Forge as a place to pursue the internal discourse—in other words, as a place to take role-playing games seriously.
In-hospital Functional Status Assessment (6-Clicks Score) Is Associated with Post-discharge Facility Use In Heart Failure Patients

Introduction Functional status assessment in the HF population has typically relied on self-reported questionnaires like Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Since 2011, Cleveland Clinic physical therapists have administered an objective, validated measure of physical function—the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (PAC) ”6-Clicks”. 6-Clicks assesses ability to turn in bed, sit, transfer from bed to chair, stand, walk, eat, dress, bathe, perform personal care and use the bathroom. Scores range from 6 to 24, with higher scores representing greater functional independence. We characterized the association between 6-clicks score and PAC disposition (home, home care, or SNF) in patients admitted for HF whose relative functional status was moderate (score >12) or better. Establishing if an objective functional status assessment is associated with PAC disposition in HF patients has not been previously described. Understanding factors driving facility use post-discharge may have implications for length of stay, patient satisfaction, health system costs, external quality measures, and efforts to decrease facility usage in the COVID era. Methods/Results In 2019, 772 patients with CHF-DRGs were admitted to the Cleveland Clinic hospitals across Ohio. Patients with 6-clicks Conclusion Lower 6-clicks functional status scores were associated with discharge to SNF in HF patients. Living alone had a trend toward association with facility use but did not meet statistical significance. Given significant overlap in functional status across disposition destinations, however, other factors beyond functional status including family support factor into discharge disposition.
Impact of the New York State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (IStop) on chronic pain management by primary care providers.

Objective: To explore the impact of the New York State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (IStop) on the self-reported management of patients with chronic pain by primary care providers. Design: Mixed-methods study with survey collection and semistructured interviews. Setting: Multiple academic hospitals in New York. Participants: One hundred and thirty-six primary care providers (residents, fellows, attendings, and nurse practitioners) for survey collection, and eight primary care clinicians (residents, attending, and pharmacist) for interviews. Interventions: Introduction of IStop. Main outcome measure(s): Change in usage of four risk reduction strategies (pain contracts, urine tests, monthly visits, and co-management) as reported by primary care providers for patients with chronic pain. Results: After the introduction of IStop, 25 percent (32/128) of providers increased usage of monthly visits, 28 percent (36/128) of providers increased usage of pain management co-management with other healthcare providers, and 46 percent (60/129) of providers increased usage of at least one of four risk reduction strategies. Residents indicated much higher rates of change in risk reduction strategies due to IStop usage; increasing in the use of monthly visits (32 vs. 13 percent, p = 0.02) and co-management (36 vs. 13 percent, p = 0.01) occurred at a much higher rate in residents than attending physicians. Interview themes revealed an emphasis on finding opioid alternatives when possible, the need for frequent patient visits in effective pain management, and the importance of communication between the patient and provider to protect the relationship in chronic pain management. Conclusions: After the introduction of IStop, primary care providers have increased usage of risk reduction strategies in the care of chronic pain patients.
Optical Fiber-Tip Pressure Sensor Featuring a Spring Body and Multipositional Fabry–Pérot Cavity Resonator

This work presents a pressure sensor utilizing a Fabry–Perot (FP) resonator fabricated onto the cleaved end of an optical fiber via two-photon polymerization (2PP) micro-fabrication. This technique enables complex three-dimensional (3D) designs with sub-micron resolution and advanced features including: a hinged, multipositional mirror for directional thin film deposition, a 3D spring body to displace this mirror without deforming it, and adhesive retaining features for sealing the cavity. The sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of -0.134 nm/psig over a range of 5 – 55 psig and operates with a simple broad band source (BBS) for optical input. Finite element analysis (FEA) agrees well with the observed results and is used to extract a plausible set of material parameters. This device presents a launching point for utilizing the 3D freedom of 2PP microfabrication to advance fiber optic pressure sensors.
A Population-Based Assessment of Physical Symptoms and Mental Health Outcomes Among Adults Following the Flint Water Crisis

Little is known about the physical and mental health outcomes of adults in the low-income, predominantly Black city of Flint, Michigan, following the city's water crisis which began in April 2014 after austerity policies led to the city switching its water source. We investigate these dynamics using data from a longitudinal community-based cohort in Flint. Between June and November 2019, surveys were administered at nine public sites across Flint. Nested models were employed to assess relationships between respondent demographics, including race/ethnicity, and self-report of clinician-diagnosed blood lead levels (BLLs) and various physical symptoms and mental health outcomes, including depression/anxiety (PHQ-4) and psychological trauma (PC-PTSD-5). Of the 331 respondents (mean age: 47.9 + 16.5), most were women (58.6%) and Black (57.7%). In total, 10.0% self-reported elevated BLLs, with borderline significantly higher reports among Blacks (p = 0.07). Skin rashes (58.1% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.01), hair loss (45.5% vs. 30.3%, p = 0.01), and nausea (35.6% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.1) were significantly higher among Blacks versus Whites. Additionally, 29.0% and 26.3% of respondents met trauma and depression/anxiety criteria, respectively. Increasing physical symptoms was associated with psychological trauma (OR 2.1, p < 0.01) and depression/anxiety (OR 1.9, p < 0.01). In closing, Flint adults, particularly Blacks, experienced deleterious physical and mental health outcomes following the city's water crisis that appear to represent a substantial burden of excess cases. Further research is needed on how austerity impacts community health in economically distressed urban cities and ways to generate capacity to identify and curb adverse consequences.
Stemming the Tide? The Effect of Expanding Medicaid Eligibility On Health Insurance Coverage

Despite considerable research, there is little consensus about the impact of Medicaid eligibility expansions for low-income children. In this paper, I reexamine the expansions' impact on Medicaid take-up and private insurance "crowd-out." Focusing on the most influential estimates of the expansions' impact, I show that while many of the critiques leveled at these estimates have little effect on their magnitude, accounting for age-specific trends in coverage produces estimates similar to others in the literature. Estimating the impact of later expansions using additional years of data, I find low rates of take-up and no evidence of crowding out.
Cavernous Malformations Secondary to PDCD10 Gene Mutation (2210)

Objective: To describe a case of multiple cavernous malformations secondary to a PDCD10 gene mutation. Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities with densely packed dilated vessel cavities with a single layer of endothelium and no intervening brain parenchyma. They can be asymptomatic or manifest clinically: headaches, focal neurologic deficits, stroke, and seizures. The prevalence of CCMs is reported as 0.1 to 0.5%. The Programmed Cell Death 10 (PDCD10) gene, on chromosome 3q, is implicated in their formation and accounts for 10–15% of genetic CCMs. There are three genes currently discovered to be implicated in CCMs: KRIT1/CCM1, MGC4607/CCM2, PDCD10/CCM3. These three are seen in both sporadic and familial CCM, more commonly in the familial form, which has autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity. It is associated with multiple brain lesions and an earlier clinical presentation. The sporadic form is associated with an isolated lesion and later clinical presentation. PDCD10/CCM3 mutations are specifically associated with a more severe form of CCM, often manifesting younger with higher risk of hemorrhage. Other disease manifestations exist such as cutaneous vascular malformations, scoliosis, spinal cord cavernomas and meningiomas. Design/Methods: 58 year old female who presented to outpatient neurology with concerns of worsening gait disturbance, falls, and cognitive issues. She had no other symptoms. Neuropsychologic evaluation showed no evidence of neurodegenerative process. The patient’s sister died of ICH secondary to a CCM. Results: MRI brain showed multiple CCMs, and genetic testing was positive for PDCD10 gene mutation. Conclusions: CCMs are present in a small percentage of the population, 0.1–0.5%, as stated above and of that, only 10–15% are caused by the PDCD10 mutation, which is also a more severe form. Genetic testing for this mutation provides for the opportunity for continued study for possible treatments and future management. Disclosure: Dr. Oliver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cencer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Manasseh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose.
The interface region between articular cartilage and bone by μMRI and PLM at microscopic resolutions.

This dual-modality microscopic imaging study quantifies the interface region between the noncalcified cartilage and the subchondral bone plate, which includes the deep portion of the noncalcified articular cartilage and the zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC). This interface region is typically not visible in routine MRI but becomes visible in MRI with the application of an ultra-short echo time (UTE) sequence. A number of cartilage-bone blocks from a well-documented canine humeral head were harvested for imaging by microscopic MRI (μMRI) and PLM (polarized light microscopy). In μMRI, T2 anisotropic images were acquired by 2D gradient-echo, magnetization-prepared spin-echo and UTE sequences at the 0° and 55° (the magic angle) orientations at 11.7 μm/pixel resolution. In PLM, quantitative optical retardation (nm) and collagen orientation (°) were mapped from the thin sections from the same μMRI specimens at 0.5-2 μm pixel resolutions. The orientational and organizational architecture of the collagen matrix in this interface region was quantified and correlated between the complementary imaging. The magic angle effect as seen in the noncalcified cartilage was statistically confirmed in ZCC in μMRI, which was further supported by quantitative PLM. With an enhanced understanding of the tissue properties in this important interface region, it will potentially be possible to monitor the changes of this tissue region which is instrumental to the initiation and development of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.
An introduction to the tin can

The tin can has played a significant role in American history and can play a significant role in archaeology. Beginning with the food can, the author traces developments in canning and can-manufacturing, and briefly discusses can shape and labelling. The narrative continues with the beer can, the center of can-manufacturing innovation after 1935. There are obstacles facing archaeologists interested in tin cans. One is corrosion; another is the lack of archaeological and documentary research on this artifact.
Some Counting Problems; Multinomial Coefficients, The Principle of Inclusion–Exclusion, Sylvester’s Formula, The Sieve Formula

In this section, we consider some simple counting problems. Let us begin with permutations. Recall that a permutation of a set A is any bijection between A and itself.
Photometry, Radiometry, and Measurement

The terms that we use as practitioners and researchers in a field of study define the discipline itself as well as the eff ectiveness with which we can communicate among colleagues and others members of our profession. The long-lived fictional character, Humpty Dumpty, from the Lewis Carroll classic Th rough the Looking Glass, said to Alice “When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less.” Alice replied by saying “The question is, whether you can make words mean so many diff erent things.” The fields of photometry and radiometry have a long history of terminology that is used diff erently among its participants. Whether in descriptive terms or symbols in equations, this inconsistency often gives rise to confusion and misunderstanding. It is intended that, in this section, the reader will gain an understanding of the concepts that make up these two fields and with that understanding be able to look past the words people use to describe topics and find the meaning in what they are saying.
Research in Sadomasochism: A Review of Sociological and Social Psychological Literature

(1994). Research in Sadomasochism: A Review of Sociological and Social Psychological Literature. Annual Review of Sex Research: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 257-279.
Action Levels, Regulatory

Environmental data are often collected to assess whether an action level or regulatory standard has been exceeded. If a statistician is involved in the decision-making process, it is often at the latter stages when the data have already been collected and a comparison is needed; however, at times a statistician may not be involved. In either case, a major problem in making the comparisons is a lack of understanding of basic assumptions and principles that lie behind the important comparisons. The US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has advanced for years the ‘Data Quality Objective’ (DQO) process to define better basic issues in the decision-making process and to aid in communicating acceptable costs and errors in the decision-making process between stakeholders. Although the DQO process is performance-based and provides real opportunities for cost savings, it can be misinterpreted. A major problem occurs when the basic principles that underlie the setting of the action-level or regulatory standard and the representativeness of the sample data for comparison purposes are not applied concurrently.
Oxidation of CO on Pt by an ac pulsing technique. II. Experiment

Abstract The kinetics of CO oxidation on polycrystalline platinum at low pressure (1 × 10 −6 −1 × 10 −9 Torr) are investigated utilizing a novel ac reactant gas pulsing technique. Analysis of the data supports a Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction model analyzed in a previous paper. Best fits to the rate constant parameters characterizing the reaction are given. To facilitate the fitting procedure, analytic approximations to the catalytic rates are developed. Finally our results are compared with existing data in the literature.
Category pruning in image databases using segmentation and distance maps

A novel framework for pruning a category of images is proposed in this paper. We assume no prior information about the contents or semantics of the images. Our framework discovers consistencies and knowledge about the spatial relations of the categories unsupervised using iterative image segmentation and spatial grouping. A measure for deciding how well an image fits to a category is proposed and the effectiveness of this measure is investigated.
Compensatory vasodilatation during hypoxic exercise: mechanisms responsible for matching oxygen supply to demand

Hypoxia can have profound influences on the circulation. In humans, acute exposure to moderate hypoxia has been demonstrated to result in vasodilatation in the coronary, cerebral, splanchnic and skeletal muscle vascular beds. The combination of submaximal exercise and hypoxia produces a ‘compensatory’ vasodilatation and augmented blood flow in contracting skeletal muscles relative to the same level of exercise under normoxic conditions. This augmented vasodilatation exceeds that predicted by a simple sum of the individual dilator responses to hypoxia alone and normoxic exercise. Additionally, this enhanced hypoxic exercise hyperaemia is proportional to the hypoxia-induced fall in arterial oxygen (O2) content, thus preserving muscle O2 delivery and ensuring it is matched to demand. Several vasodilator pathways have been proposed and examined as likely regulators of skeletal muscle blood flow in response to changes in arterial O2 content. The purpose of this review is to put into context the present evidence regarding mechanisms responsible for the compensatory vasodilatation observed during hypoxic exercise in humans. Along these lines, this review will highlight the interactions between various local metabolic and endothelial derived substances that influence vascular tone during hypoxic exercise.
The practicing physician as curriculum designer: Views of behavioral science

Abstract The results of a study of the attitudes toward teaching behavioral science of practicing physicians in obstetrics and gynecology are presented. The endorsement rates for including material in both medical school and residency programs were quite high. Comparisons with other specialty groups and implications for medical training programs are discussed. It is hoped that the results of studies such as this will help in revising training curricula.
Keyframe Sampling, Optimization, and Behavior Integration: A New Longest Kick in the RoboCup 3D Simulation League

Even with improvements in machine learning enabling robots to quickly optimize and perfect their skills, developing a seed skill from which to begin an optimization remains a necessary challenge for large action spaces. This thesis proposes a method for creating and using such a seed by i) observing the effects of the actions of another robot, ii) further optimizing the skill starting from this seed, and iii) embedding the optimized skill in a full behavior. Called KSOBI, this method is fully implemented and tested in the complex RoboCup 3D simulation domain. The main result is a kick that, to the best of our knowledge, kicks the ball farther in this simulator than has been previously documented.
Nutrition Interventions for Aging Populations

Chapter 1 introduces global trends in aging and the role of nutrition as it relates to 4 major areas of focus: (1) the health status of older adults; (2) interpersonal, intrapersonal, social, and environmental and policy factors influencing food intake among older adults; (3) developing nutrition interventions– with an emphasis on the use of theoretical frameworks, planning and design, and delivery channels and components; and (4) the evaluation and assessment of interventions. Unique areas of focus include tailoring interventions for special populations and the emergence and utility of developing technology-based interventions for older adult populations. The chapter concludes with recommendations and insights about how to best maximize the potential for successful aging.