cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apparent Idiopathic Hyponatremia in an Ambulatory Geriatric Population

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this descriptive analysis is to demonstrate that among older patients with hyponatremia, there is a subset with apparent hyponatremia of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) type, which appears associated with the aging process. A retrospective chart review was done to identify patients with hyponatremia and to classify them into non-SIADH, SIADH, and idiopathic categories. DESIGN: The participants were the ambulatory population of The Mount Sinai Hospital's outpatient geriatric clinic. Pertinent data generated during the antecedent 24 months were collected from outpatient charts and included sets of laboratory values (consisting of one sodium, glucose, BUN and creatinine level), age, sex, race, clinical history, present diagnosis, medications, and prescribed diets for each patient in the total population. RESULTS: Patients demonstrating hyponatremia with serum sodium levels of less than 135 mEq/L were identified from the total population and were further divided into SIADH and non-SIADH etiologies. The SIADH patients were then subdivided into known etiology SIADH and apparent idiopathic SIADH. In an ambulatory geriatric population of 405 subjects, 46 had hyponatremia, with SIADH the apparent cause in 27. Of the SIADH population, seven patients were considered to have idiopathic SIADH. An apparent predilection for development of this syndrome was observed among non-black patients and the old old. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that aging is a risk factor for the development of SIADH-like hyponatremia in a subset of older patients who do not have an apparent underlying etiology. Thus, aging may be an independent etiology for the development of hyponatremia. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:404–408, 1996.
Evidence for Cooperativity between the Four Binding Sites of Dimeric ArsD, an As(III)-responsive Transcriptional Regulator

Abstract ArsD is a trans-acting repressor of the arsRDABC operon that confers resistance to arsenicals and antimonials in Escherichia coli. It possesses two-pairs of vicinal cysteine residues, Cys12-Cys13 and Cys112-Cys113, that potentially form separate binding sites for the metalloids that trigger dissociation of ArsD from the operon. However, as a homodimer it has four vicinal cysteine pairs. Titration of the steady-state fluorescence of ArsD with metalloids revealed positive cooperativity, with a Hill coefficient of 2, between these sites. Disruption of the Cys112-Cys113site by mutagenesis of arsD, but not the Cys12-Cys13 site, largely abolished this cooperativity, indicative of interactions between adjacent Cys112-Cys113 sites within the dimer. The kinetics of metalloid binding were determined by stopped flow spectroscopy; the rate increased in a sigmoidal manner, with a Hill coefficient of 4, indicating that the pre-steady-state measurements reported cooperativity between all four sites of the dimer rather than just the intermolecular interactions reported by the steady-state measurements. The kinetics of Sb(III) displacement by As(III) revealed that the metalloid-binding sites behave differentially, with the rapid exchange of As(III) for Sb(III) at one site retarding the release of Sb(III) from the other sites. We propose a model involving the sequential binding and release of metalloids by the four binding sites of dimeric ArsD, with only one site releasing free metalloids.
The Creation of Learner-Centred Dictionaries for Endangered Languages: A Rotuman Example.

This article examines the creation of dictionaries for endangered languages (ELs). Though each dictionary is uniquely prepared for its users, all dictionaries should be based on sound principles of vocabulary learning, including the importance of lexical chunks, as emphasised by Michael Lewis in his Lexical Approach. Many of the decisions that a lexicographer needs to make when creating an EL dictionary are discussed here, with information about how each issue was handled in the creation of an online dictionary of Rotuman, which is an Oceanic language, the majority of whose members live in diasporic communities in English-speaking nations. This article argues for the necessity of training EL members in how to use their dictionary.
Atypical femur fractures among breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonate therapy.

Abstract Purpose Atypical femur fractures represent a potential complication of chronic oral bisphosphonate therapy in women with osteoporosis, but the risk of atypical femur fractures among cancer patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonates at higher cumulative doses remains unclear. We examined femur fractures occurring in cancer patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates (IVBP) to determine whether a subset may be atypical fractures. Methods Between 2005 and 2010, we identified patients with known IVBP therapy for multiple myeloma or metastatic breast cancer, who subsequently sustained a femur fracture based on hospitalization, oncology, pharmacy and chemotherapy visit records. Radiographs were examined by an orthopedic surgeon to determine anatomic fracture site and pattern. An atypical fracture was defined as a transverse or short oblique fracture occurring below the lesser trochanter with evidence of focal hypertrophy of the lateral cortex and absence of biopsy-proven malignancy or radiation therapy at the fracture site. Results A total of 62 patients with breast cancer (N = 39) or multiple myeloma (N = 23) with femur fracture and prior IVBP treatment for bone malignancy were identified. There were 30 proximal hip, 18 subtrochanteric and 14 femoral shaft fractures. Intraoperative bone samples were sent in 29 of 58 fracture cases undergoing operative repair, with 76% positive for malignancy. Six cases (4 breast cancer, 2 multiple myeloma) of atypical femur fracture were identified, two with negative intraoperative pathology and four with no bone biopsy samples sent. Five of the six patients with atypical fracture had bilateral femur findings, including two with transverse fracture in the contralateral femur and three with focal hypertrophy of the contralateral cortex. Two atypical fracture cases also experienced osteonecrosis of the jaw compared to 3 in the remaining cohort (33% vs. 5%, p = 0.07). Patients with atypical fracture received more IVBP (median 55 vs. 15 doses) and zoledronic acid (32 vs. 12 doses) and had longer treatment duration (median 5.9 vs. 1.6 years) compared to patients without atypical fracture (all p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions Among 62 patients who received IVBP for skeletal malignancy and experienced a femur fracture, we identified six cases of atypical fracture. While fractures in this population are often assumed to be pathologic, prospective studies investigating fracture pattern, microscopic bone pathology and pharmacologic exposures should be conducted to further examine the association of IVBP and atypical femur fractures.
Seasonal affective disorder, Part II: Phototherapy, an expanded role of the psychosocial nurse

The integration of neurobiology into the research and practice of psychosocial nursing is an imperative for the decade of the 1990s. This substantial goal probably will be achieved through the completion of smaller endeavors. This article is intended to be one such contribution. The purpose of this article are threefold. First, it will introduce the psychosocial nurse to the characteristics of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). This article also will provide the psychosocial nurse with the putative biological basis of SAD and phototherapy. Finally, specific information regarding the therapeutic application of bright light is provided.
Filler orientation effect on relative permittivity of dielectric elastomer nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes

Abstract This work reveals the relationship between the filler orientation and the resulting relative permittivity of nanocomposites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The finite element models are employed to describe the dielectric behavior of the MWNT-filled dielectric elastomer nanocomposites. A sufficient number of models are computed to reach the acceptable prediction of the effective dielectric constant. It is shown on how to determine the sufficient size of unit-cell models with fillers to represent the microstructures of the dielectric elastomer nanocomposites. Two orientation angle parameters are introduced to investigate the filler orientation effect on the nanocomposites. It is demonstrated that orientation angle parameter along the applied electric field is the dominant factor to determine the effective dielectric constants. It is further shown that the effective dielectric constants of the nanocomposites are strongly correlated with the mean filler angle of the material microstructures. With the decrease of the mean orientation angle of the microstructures, the effective dielectric constants can be enhanced. Finally, comparisons between the proposed random orientation models and experimental data are performed to demonstrate the capability of the proposed models. Good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data has been found for dielectric elastomer nanocomposites with various MWNTs concentrations. The proposed models provide a reasonable estimate on the dielectric constant of the nanocomposites with different filler concentrations while keeping the numerical simplicity.
Inhibition of metabolic coupling by metals.

Several metals were evaluated in cell cultures for their ability to inhibit metabolic coupling, the intercellular transfer of low‐molecular‐weight metabolites by directly connecting gap junctions. To monitor inhibition of metabolic coupling, wild‐type Chinese hamster V79 cells proficient in metabolism of 6‐thioguanine (6‐TG) were co‐cultured with mutant V79 cells unable to metabolize 6‐TG to its toxic metabolite (6‐TG‐resistant cells). In the presence of 6‐TG, inhibition of metabolic coupling by the metals was manifested as increased recovery of 6‐TG‐resistant cells compared to recovery in untreated cocultures. The toxic metal compounds, arsenic(V) acid, mercu‐ry(II) chloride, lead(II) acetate, and nickel(II) chloride, significantly (p < .05) increased recovery of 6‐TG‐resistant cells at concentrations that did not alter cell survival. However, because the increased recovery observed with nickel showed no concentration dependence, its importance may be negligible. Cadmium chloride increased 6‐TG‐resistant...
328 C-PEPETIDE EXCERTION DURING THERAPY OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Measurement of serum and urine C-peptide (CPR) have been used to demonstrate residual insulin producing capacity in diabetes. The duration and dynamics of residual β-cell function have not been thoroughly investigated. Sequential measurement of serum and urine CPR were made during and after therapy for ketoacidosis in a 15 year old boy with JODM of 10 months duration. Serum CPR ranged from 0.3-0.6 ng/ml, approaching the lowest levels detectable by RIA. Urine C-peptide excretion increased over the 5 days of observation. Urinary clearance and fractional excretion (CC-peptide/Ccreat.) of C-peptide also increased 6-10 fold. Despite low serum CPR, these data are compatible with increased endogenous insulin production during therapy for ketoacidosis. Changes in renal blood flow or tubular disposition of C-peptide may have contributed to the progressive increase in urine C-peptide excretion.
3-D shape measurement by use of a modified Fourier transform method

In this paper, a novel modified Fourier transform method is proposed, which employs a fringe image and a flat image to eliminate the background and in the mean time facilitate the retrieval of the absolute phase map. Both the fringe and flat patterns are projected onto the object by a digital video projector. With the subtraction of the flat image from the fringe image, the background is completely removed and the spectrum overlapping in the frequency domain is prevented. The flat image is also employed for hole and shadow detection. Two cross-shaped markers are embedded in the flat and fringe image respectively for absolute phase retrieval. Experimental results showed that the proposed method produced better shape measurement results when measuring fast moving or changing objects, compared to the phase shifting method. The proposed method has the potential to boost the speed of our real-time 3-D shape measurement system to 120 fps with better measurement accuracy.
An autonomous agent development environment for engineering applications

Abstract Agent technology is playing an increasingly important role in developing distributed, intelligent, and collaborative engineering applications. The innate difficulties of interoperation between heterogeneous agent communities and rapid development of multi-agent systems have motivated the emergence of FIPA specifications and the proliferation of multi-agent system platforms or toolkits that implement FIPA specifications. This paper presents a FIPA compliant multi-agent framework called Autonomous Agent Development Environment (AADE). Originating from the engineering fields, AADE can facilitate the rapid development of collaborative engineering applications (especially in engineering design and manufacturing fields) through the provision of reusable packages of agent level components and programming tools. An agent oriented engineering project on the development of a collaborative product design environment is implemented based on the facilities provided by AADE.
Effects of Deformation Behavior and Processing Temperature on the Fatigue Performance of Deep-Rolled Medium Carbon Bar Steels

The effects of processing temperature on the deep-rolling response of three medium carbon bar steels, a quenched and tempered 4140 alloy, a 0.34C, 1.21Mn, 0.66Si nontraditional bainitic alloy, and a 0.36C, 1.37Mn V-microalloyed ferrite plus pearlite steel, was assessed through bending fatigue. The significantly different deformation behaviors of the three alloys were characterized through standard and nonstandard quasi-static and cyclic uniaxial tension and compression tests at room temperature (RT) and in situ at temperatures up to 634 K. Deep rolling, performed at RT and at elevated temperature (HT) in the dynamic strain-aging (DSA) regime, increased measured endurance limits by 51-62 pct (RT) and 96-117 pct (HT) as compared with the baseline condition. The enhanced fatigue performance by RT deep rolling primarily reflected the effects of the introduction of favorable residual stresses. The improved fatigue performance from HT deep rolling was attributed to the enhanced resistance to strain reversal of the material deformed during deep rolling, due to a change in deformation mechanism from dislocation-interstitial interactions in the DSA regime during processing, which inhibited mechanically induced relaxation of residual stress during cyclic loading.
Giant cell arteritis

Patients with a suspected diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) should be started on high-dose corticosteroid therapy without delay. A temporal artery biopsy should be performed after initiation of therapy to confirm the diagnosis. Patients with acute visual or neurologic symptoms present a neuro-ophthalmic emergency. Therapy should be initiated immediately with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate and followed by high-dose oral prednisone. Treatment may begin with highdose oral prednisone in patients without visual or neurologic symptoms. Calcium, vitamin D, and peptic ulcer prophylaxis should accompany steroid therapy, as indicated. The following treatments should be considered for patients with suspected GCA and acute visual or neurologic signs or symptoms: intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate (250 mg intravenously every 6 hours) should be given for 3 days, followed by oral prednisone (80 mg per day or 1 mg/kg) for 4 to 6 weeks. Prednisone should then be tapered by 10 mg per day every month. Most patients require 1 year of therapy to avoid relapse. Taper and duration should be modified according to erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and signs and symptoms of GCA. Rheumatologic consultation and follow-up is often helpful for these patients. For patients with suspected GCA and no acute visual or neurologic signs or symptoms, therapy may begin directly with oral prednisone (80 mg per day or 1 mg/kg) with same taper and duration based on laboratory values and clinical signs and symptoms.
Structure-based design of a protein immunogen that displays an HIV-1 gp41 neutralizing epitope

Abstract Antibody Z13e1 is a relatively broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody that recognizes the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp41. Based on the crystal structure of an MPER epitope peptide in complex with Z13e1 Fab, we identified an unrelated protein, interleukin (IL)-22, with a surface-exposed region that is structurally homologous in its backbone to the gp41 Z13e1 epitope. By grafting the gp41 Z13e1 epitope sequence onto the structurally homologous region in IL-22, we engineered a novel protein (Z13-IL22-2) that contains the MPER epitope sequence for use as a potential immunogen and as a reagent for the detection of Z13e1-like antibodies. The Z13-IL22-2 protein binds Fab Z13e1 with a K d of 73 nM. The crystal structure of Z13-IL22-2 in complex with Fab Z13e1 shows that the epitope region is faithfully replicated in the Fab-bound scaffold protein; however, isothermal calorimetry studies indicate that Fab binding to Z13-IL22-2 is not a lock-and-key event, leaving open the question of whether conformational changes upon binding occur in the Fab, in Z13-IL-22, or in both.
Design of array processor software for nonlinear structural analysis

Abstract This paper presents an investigation of the solution of large-scale nonlinear structural problems using a 32-bit minicomputer with an attached 64-bit array processor. The two processors communicate via a common memory interface. A user-oriented software package has been designed to allow the use of the given computer configuration by a typical engineer or a scientist. It is possible to use the system without a detailed knowledge of the operation of the hardware and the complex data handling necessary to manipulate the data associated with a large problem. Several test examples are considered using finite element 3-D frame models and the Newton-Raphson solution scheme. The array processor could not be utilized as yet, due to the lack of the proper vendor software. Hence, a simulator was designed to predict the system performance.
Phase-only synthesis of minimum peak sidelobe patterns for linear and planar arrays

Minimization of the maximum sidelobe level for a given array geometry by phase-only adjustment of the element excitations is considered. Optimum phases are obtained by using a numerical search procedure to minimize the expression for the pattern sidelobe level with respect to the element phases. Results for both linear and planar arrays of equispaced elements are presented. The data suggests that optimum sidelobe level is a logarithmic function of array size, and optimum patterns have relative efficiencies that are typically somewhat greater than for comparable-amplitude tapered arrays. An analytic synthesis algorithm is presented for use on very large arrays for which the numerical search technique for the minimization of the sidelobe level is computationally impractical. This method produces patterns with characteristics similar to arrays synthesized using the numerical search method, i.e. relatively uniform angular distribution of energy in the sidelobe region, and generally decreasing maximum sidelobe level as the array size is increased. >
Influence of the PNA on declining mountain snowpack in the Western United States

The widespread decrease in mountain snowpack across the Western United States is a hallmark indicator of regional climate change. Observed decreases in snowpack across lower-elevation watersheds are broadly consistent with model predictions of anthropogenic climate change; however, the magnitude of the decreases across much of the Cascades, Northern Rockies and Sierra Nevada has exceeded predictions based solely on late 20th century anthropogenic warming. To resolve the disparity between observations and predictions, the influence of intramonthly variability associated with the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern on both the percent of precipitation falling as snow and a proxy for snowmelt during late winter is examined. The PNA is shown to have a significant influence on the elevation of the freezing level across the Western United States, with positive values of the PNA generally associated with anomalously high freezing levels. The positive tendency of the PNA during late winter over the last half-century has contributed to regional increases in the elevation of the freezing level, decreases in the percent of precipitation falling as snow, and increases in snowmelt across montane and sub-montane regions. This change in atmospheric circulation accelerated the decline in mountain snowpack predicted by anthropogenic forcing. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Plakortolide, A Cytotoxic Peroxylactone from a Plakortis sponge

A new cytotoxic cyclic peroxide-containing metabolite has been isolated from a Plakortis sponge. The molecular connectivity of plakortolide (4) was established using standard spectral methods, while the relative stereochemistry of the peroxylactone ring was deduced using a rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect (ROESY) experiment.
FAMILY-WORK SPILLOVER IN DUAL-CAREER COUPLES: A COMPARISON OF TWO TIME PERSPECTIVES

In this study the associations between perceptions and use of time and experiences of family-work spillover for 277 men and women involved in dual careers were analyzed. Implications for research on work and family are discussed.
Mining Associations Using Directed Hypergraphs

We introduce the notion of association rules for multi-valued attributes, which is an adaptation of the definition of quantitative association rules known in the literature. The association rules for multi-valued attributes are integrated in building a novel directed hypergraph based model for databases that allows to capture attribute-level associations and their strength. Basing on this model, we provide association-based similarity notions between any two attributes and present a method for finding clusters of similar attributes. We then propose an algorithm to identify a subset of attributes known as a leading indicator that influences the values of almost all other attributes. Finally, we present an association-based classifier that can be used to predict values of attributes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model through experiments on a financial timeseries data set (SaP 500).
Unintended consequences: Russian, Chinese and US perceptions of the hiring decision

During the job application and interview process, there is a natural tendency for applicants to stress attributes that they possess and that they also believe are being sought by hiring organisations. Due to cultural differences, applicants may be unwittingly contributing to bias in personnel selection and creating unequal opportunities for themselves. This study compares the attitudes of university students in China, Russia and the USA to determine whether culture-related differences exist in the minds of these future job seekers with regard to their perceptions of the importance of specific candidate attributes to prospective employers.
Hamiltonian Description of Idealized Binary Geophysical Fluids

Abstract A Hamiltonian formulation for the dynamics and thermodynamics of a compressible, rotating, binary fluid subject to gravity is developed. Here, binary refers to the presence of two components of the fluid, such as solids dissolved in a liquid or gaseous and liquid water existing along with dry air. These fluids are idealized in that the influences of diffusion processes are ignored and the binary flow is restricted to a single velocity. The equations are presented in generic form applicable to an arbitrary binary geophysical flow. The relevant Poisson bracket satisfies Jacobi's identity. Three distinct Casimir invariants are described. The first reflects the conservation of entropy and concentration of the minor component. The second is a consequence of the conservation of the absolute circulation on curves formed by the intersection of surfaces of constant entropy with surfaces of constant concentration. The third is a generic potential vorticity of the form (ω · ∇λ)/ρ. Here, ω is the absolute ...
Interaction of hypoxia and aging in the heart: analysis of high energy phosphate content

To test the hypotheses that aged myocardium has lower ATP concentration and that a greater ATP hydrolysis during hypoxia exaggerates diastolic dysfunction in aged myocardium, we used 31P NMR spectroscopy to measure ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) contents combined with heart function at baseline and during hypoxia and reoxygenation in perfused hearts isolated from young adult (3-4 months old) and old (24-25 months old) Fisher 344 rats. At baseline, old hearts had 30% lower heart rate and prevalent supraventricular arrhythmia; they had lower PCr and creatine contents (approximately 30%) but normal ATP content. Hypoxia caused similar decreases in heart rate and rate pressure product in young and old hearts. There was a two-fold increase in left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in young adults, but, surprisingly, no change in LVEDP in old hearts. ATP decreased similarly in hearts from young and old rats, but the PCr decrease was two-fold smaller in old hearts during hypoxia. Superimposition of pacing on hypoxic old hearts caused six-fold increase in LVEDP; although utilization of PCr increased, it was still incomplete. We conclude that PCr is incompletely used to maintain ATP level during hypoxia especially in the senescent heart, and that the increase in LVEDP in old hearts cannot be explained solely by changes in indices of bioenergetics.
Processing three-dimensional human head scan data

Full field surface data of cylindrically shaped objects, such as a human's head, can be acquired by rotating a triangulated laser and imaging system about the subject. The method of acquisition is imperfect and requires post processing of the data obtained. To eliminate rough or irregular surface data, a two-dimensional convolution can be used. To eliminate spikes or impulse noise in the data, morphological filters are available. Proper use of both operations requires knowing and understanding the operational parameters. This paper presents an overview of these methods and discusses the optimal parameter settings as have been determined by experimentation.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Secretion of acetylcholinesterase: Relation to acetylcholine receptor metabolism

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are muscle-specific glycoproteins present (AChR) are muscle-specific glycoproteins present in cultured chick embryo muscle cells. The first is found as both a secreted and a membrane-bound enzyme whereas the ACh receptor is strictly an integral membrane protein. We have studied the transport and externalization of these two proteins in the same cells using several compounds known to affect secretory processes: colchicine, tunicamycin and the ionophores X-537A, Nigericin and Monensin. Under all experimental conditions, any change in the rate of AChE secretion was accompanied by an identical change in the rate of ACh receptor incorporation into the plasma membrane. These studies were designed to test directly the hypothesis that secreted and integral membrane proteins are transported together to the plasma membrane. Our results are consistent with a single transport pathway in muscle cells for the externalization of membrane and secreted proteins.
Roles of graphic symbols in the language acquisition process for persons with severe cognitive disabilities

Symbols play dual roles for nonspeaking persons learning language via instruction. They are the medium by which internal representations of the world are expressed and they provide an inference about how individuals perceive their world. This paper reviews and synthesizes the current empirical literature on symbols and suggests future research directions.
PTEN is a tumor suppressor in CML stem cells and BCR-ABL-induced leukemias in mice.

The tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is inactivated in many human cancers. However, it is unknown whether PTEN functions as a tumor suppressor in human Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia that includes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and is induced by the BCR-ABL oncogene. By using our mouse model of BCR-ABL–induced leukemias, we show that Pten is down-regulated by BCR-ABL in leukemia stem cells in CML and that PTEN deletion causes acceleration of CML development. In addition, overexpression of PTEN delays the development of CML and B-ALL and prolongs survival of leukemia mice. PTEN suppresses leukemia stem cells and induces cell-cycle arrest of leukemia cells. Moreover, PTEN suppresses B-ALL development through regulating its downstream gene Akt1. These results demonstrate a critical role of PTEN in BCR-ABL–induced leukemias and suggest a potential strategy for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia.
Biaxial Fatigue of A533B Pressure Vessel Steel

The low-to-intermediate cycle fatigue behavior of A533B steel is investigated using solid round bar specimens tested in combined bending and torsion. Loadings are applied in-phase and 90 deg out-of-phase to produce cases of proportional and nonproportional biaxial fatigue. Out-of-phase loadings are found to be more damaging than in-phase loadings. Two equivalent strain criteria similar to those in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and a newer approach based on cyclic plastic work are used to correlate fatigue lives. The equivalent strain criteria are found to underestimate the fatigue damage in out-of-phase tests, but to provide reasonably good correlations overall. The plastic work approach provides a conservative treatment of the out-of-phase data and somewhat better overall correlation. Cracking behavior observed during the tests is also summarized.
Optimal algorithms for stable dimension permutations on Boolean cubes

In this paper we present algorithms optimal within a small constant factor for stable dimension permutations on Boolean cubes. A stable dimension permutation is a permutation such that element (wm-1wm-2 … w0) is relocated to the location of element (wd(m-1)wd(m-2)…wd(0) after the permutation, or i → d(i), where d(·) is a permutation function on {0,1,…, m - 1}. Depending on communication capability, message size, cube size, data transfer rate, and communication start-up time, different algorithms must be chosen for a communication time optimal within a small constant factor. The bandwidth of the Boolean cube is fully explored by dividing the data set to be communicated between a pair of processors into subsets, one for each path between the pair of processors. The k-shuffle permutation, the bit-reversal permutation, and matrix transposition, are special cases of stable dimension permutations. Experimental results on the Intel iPSC are also provided.
Probabilistic verification of a synchronous round-based consensus protocol

Consensus protocols are used in a variety of reliable distributed systems, including both safety-critical and business-critical applications. The correctness of a consensus protocol is usually shown, by making assumptions about the environment in which it executes, and then proving properties about the protocol. But proofs about a protocol's behavior are only as good as the assumptions which were made to obtain them, and violation of these assumptions can lead to unpredicted and serious consequences. We present a new approach for the probabilistic verification of synchronous round based consensus protocols. In doing so, we make stochastic assumptions about the environment in which a protocol operates, and derive probabilities of proper and non proper behavior. We thus can account for the violation of assumptions made in traditional proof techniques. To obtain the desired probabilities, the approach enumerates possible states that can be reached during an execution of the protocol, and computes the probability of achieving the desired properties for a given fault and network environment. We illustrate the use of this approach via the evaluation of a simple consensus protocol operating under a realistic environment which includes performance, omission, and crash failures.
A forward looking space policy for the USA

Abstract The 1958 Space Act created separate but related military and civilian space exploration and exploitation efforts for the USA. This Viewpoint reexamines the assumptions of the act, and questions how they might be modified to fit with technical and political developments since 1958. Should separate civilian and military programmes continue? How should launch vehicles be developed and operated? What should be the major goals of the space exploration programmes? A well defined and forward looking space policy is proposed, including a lunar base programme, which will take the initiative away from the USSR.
Keeping It Complex: Using Rehearsals to Support Novice Teacher Learning of Ambitious Teaching.

We analyze a particular pedagogy for learning to interact productively with students and subject matter, which we call “rehearsal.” Our goal is to specify a way in which teacher educators (TEs) and...
In Defense of the Politics of Ideas

Economic change played a major role in certain cases of pro-competitive deregulation. Nevertheless, the evidence of the cases tends to refute the economic theory of regulation. An adequate account of deregulation--or theory of policy-making--must incorporate the politics of ideas.
Changes in the basement membrane zone components during skeletal muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration.

The basement membrane of skeletal muscle fibers is believed to persist unchanged during myofiber degeneration and act as a tubular structure within which the regeneration of new myofibers occurs. In the present study we describe macromolecular changes in the basement membrane zone during muscle degeneration and regeneration, as monitored by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against types IV and V collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan and by the binding of concanavalin A (Con A). Skeletal muscle regeneration was induced by autotransplantation of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in rats. After this procedure, the myofibers degenerate; this is followed by myosatellite cell activation, proliferation, and fusion, resulting in the formation of new myotubes that mature into myofibers. In normal muscle, the distribution of types IV and V collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and Con A binding was seen in the pericellular basement membrane region. In autotransplanted muscle, the various components of the basement membrane zone disappeared, leaving behind some unidentifiable component that still bound Con A. Around the regenerated myotubes a new basement membrane (zone) reappeared, which persisted during maturation of the regenerating muscle. The distribution of various basement membrane components in the regenerated myofibers was similar to that seen in the normal muscle. Based on our present and previous study (Gulati, A.K., A.H. Reddi, and A.A. Zalewski, 1982, Anat. Rec. 204:175-183), it appears that some of the original basement membrane zone components disappear during myofiber degeneration and initial regeneration. As a new basement membrane develops, its components reappear and persist in the mature myofibers. We conclude that skeletal muscle fiber basement membrane (zone) is not a static structure as previously thought, but rather that its components change quite rapidly during myofiber degeneration and regeneration.
Revision of the Genus Protostelium (Eumycetozoa) I: The Protostelium mycophaga Group and the P. irregularis Group

ABSTRACT The most commonly encountered protostelids are nominal members of the genus Protostelium Olive & Stoianovitch. These are Protostelium mycophaga Olive & Stoianovitch and P. irregularis Olive & Stoianovitch. Both species share the common features of long-stalked fruiting bodies with single, uninucleate, deciduous spores and trophic states that consist solely of uninucleate amoebae, but they are quite different with respect to their detailed structure at both the light and electron microscopic levels. Based on this evidence, it seems unlikely that the species are congeneric, and it is proposed that P. irregularis be assigned to Soliformovum n. g. Examination of other species of Protostelium indicates that P. nocturnum Spiegel should be retained in the genus and that P. expulsum Olive & Stoianovitch should be reassigned to Soliformovum. The group most closely related to Protostelium, under this new concept, is the genus Planoprotostelium Olive & Stoianovitch, while Soliformovum is best treated as a genus of Eumycetozoa incertae sedis, though it does share some similarities with the group that includes the genera Ceratiomyxella Olive & Stoianovitch, Nematostelium Olive & Stoianovitch, and Schizoplasmodium Olive & Stoianovitch.
Comparison of the Binding of Radiolabelled Human IgG and Fc Fragments to Murine Spleen Cells

The binding properties of an IgG1 human myeloma protein, normal IgG, and the Fc and Fab fragments of each were compared in cultures of murine spleen cells. Both 125I-labelled IgG and Fc fragments bound to splenic lymphocytes, whereas Fab fragments did not bind significantly at the highest concentrations tested. On a molar basis, more Fc bound than intact IgG. According to Scatchard plot analysis, the affinity constand of IgG1 was 1.5 x 10(6) +/- 1 x 10(5) L/M and that of the Fc fragments was 7.8 x 10(5) +/- 2.6 x 10(5) L/M. Approximately 25,000 binding sites/cell were calculated for IgG1 and 102,000 for Fc. Deaggregation of the Fc preparation did not change these values, suggesting that the difference in binding of IgG and Fc did not result from Fc aggregation. Unlabelled IgG inhibited about 25% of the labelled Fc binding, whereas unlabelled Fc inhibited approximately 80% of the labelled Fc binding. IgG antigen-antibody complexes, however, inhibited 75% of the Fc binding. In the reciprocal experiment both intact IgG and Fc inhibited the binding of labelled IgG by 100%. The major cell population that bound IgG and Fc fragments in the spleen cell preparation were the B lymphocytes. Removal of macrophages did not significantly affect the binding of labelled Fc fragments. In addition, T-cell-enriched populations bound an insignificant quantity of Fc fragments.
An approach to leak detection using wireless sensor networks at carbon sequestration sites

a b s t r a c t This paper concerns the problem of detecting leaks at carbon sequestration sites through the monitoring of CO2 levels using a wireless sensor network (WSN). By applying a basic linear dynamic model for an advection-diffusion process, a model-based detection strategy called the Iterative Partial Sequential Probability Ratio Test (IPSPRT) can be employed to detect and localize multiple leaks. A 3-D CO2 transport model is employed to provide a proof of concept simulated evaluation of the IPSPRT against a windowed- average approach in terms of time-to-decision vs. probability of false alarm and probability of a missed alarm. Despite using only a basic linear dynamic model, the IPSPRT is shown to achieve exponentially increasing better time-to-decision than the windowed-average approach as the probability of false alarm and probability of a missed alarm are decreased. A test bed implementation is described and employed to evaluate the performance of the IPSPRT in the presence of common WSN errors.
A fast Newton method for entropy maximization in statistical phase estimation

A fast Newton method is presented for solving the entropy maximization problem in the Bayesian statistical approach to phase estimation. The method requires only O(n \log n) instead of standard O(n^3) floating point operations per iteration, while converging in the same rate as the standard Newton method. The method is described and related computational issues are discussed. Numerical results on simple test cases are also presented to demonstrate the behavior of the method.
Examining the Link Between Infant Attachment and Child Conduct Problems in Grade 1

We examined the extent to which infant attachment status is directly related to child conduct problems 6 years later, and assessed the potential mediating roles of hostile parenting and maternal depression. The sample included 84 adolescent mothers and their children (45 girls, 39 boys). Infant attachment status was assessed using the Strange Situation when the study children were 1-year-old. Hostile parenting was coded during a parent–child interaction task when the study children were 4.5-years-old. Maternal depression was self-rated, also when the study children were 4.5-years-old, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Mothers reported child conduct problems at Grade 1 on the Child Behavior Checklist. Infant attachment status at 1 year of age was directly related to child conduct problems but not to hostile parenting or maternal depression. Neither hostile parenting nor maternal depression mediated the relationship between infant attachment status and child conduct problems. However, the pattern of relations differed by attachment security. For securely attached children, maternal depression, but not hostile parenting, was directly related to conduct problems. For insecurely attached children, hostile parenting, but not maternal depression, was directly related to child conduct problems. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.
Collisional transport for a superthermal ion species in magnetized plasma

Theorie du transport d'especes ioniques de haute energie injectees de maniere isotrope dans un plasma magnetise, pour des rapports arbitraires de la frequence cyclotron des ions de haute energie au temps de ralentissement collisionnel
The MOPITT Version 6 product: algorithm enhancements and validation

Abstract. The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) Version 6 (V6) product for carbon monoxide (CO) incorporates several enhancements which will benefit many users of MOPITT data. V6 algorithm improvements are described in detail, and V6 validation results are presented. First, a geolocation bias related to the orientation of the MOPITT instrument relative to the TERRA platform was characterized and eliminated. Second, the variable a priori for CO concentrations for V6 is based on simulations performed with the chemical transport model Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem) for the years 2000–2009 instead of the model-derived climatology for 1997–2004 used for V5. Third, meteorological fields required for V6 retrieval processing are extracted from the MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis For Research And Applications) reanalysis. Finally, a significant latitude-dependent retrieval bias in the upper troposphere in Version 5 products has been substantially reduced.
Adolescents' MMPI performance, cynicism, estrangement, and personal adjustment as a function of race and sex

Investigated race and sex differences of lower-class adolescents ( N = 76) on the MMPI, cynicism, estrangement, and ACL personal adjustment scales. Results revealed no racial differences on MMPI clinical scales or the ACL personal adjustment scale. Significant racial differences on L, F, and cynicism supported the interpretation of cultural differences rather than differential racial adjustment. Sex differences were more prevalent than race differences and discussion cautioned against overlooking sex differences in favor of racial differences and cautioned against the use of the K correction procedure with MMPIs obtained from adolescents.
Structure Alignment via Delaunay Tetrahedralization

A novel protein structure align- ment technique has been developed reducing much of the secondary and tertiary structure to a sequen- tial representation greatly accelerating many struc- tural computations, including alignment. Con- structed from incidence relations in the Delaunay tetrahedralization, alignments of the sequential rep- resentation describe structural similarities that can- not be expressed with rigid-body superposition and complement existing techniques minimizing root- mean-squared distance through superposition. Re- stricting to the largest substructure superimpos- able by a single rigid-body transformation determines an alignment suitable for root-mean- squared distance comparisons and visualization. Restricted alignments of a test set of histones and histone-like proteins determined superpositions nearly identical to those produced by the estab- lished structure alignment routines of DaliLite and ProSup. Alignment of three, increasingly complex proteins: ferredoxin, cytidine deaminase, and car- bamoyl phosphate synthetase, to themselves, demon- strated previously identified regions of self-similar- ity. All-against-all similarity index comparisons performed on a test set of 45 class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases closely reproduced the results of established distance matrix methods while requiring 1/16 the time. Principal component analy- sis of pairwise tetrahedral decomposition similarity of 2300 molecular dynamics snapshots of tryptopha- nyl-tRNA synthetase revealed discrete microstates within the trajectory consistent with experimental results. The method produces results with sufficient efficiency for large-scale multiple structure align- ment and is well suited to genomic and evolutionary investigations where no geometric model of similar- ity is known a priori. Proteins 2005;60:66 - 81.
On the identification of coefficients of elliptic problems by asymptotic regularization

The problem of recovering coefficients of elliptic problems from measured data is considered. An algorithm is developed to identify the unknown coefficients without a minimization technique. The method is based on the construction of certain time-dependent problems which contain the original equation as asymptotic steady state. A Liapunovtype a-priori estimate is fundamental to prove that the solution of the time-dependent regularized equations approach a solution of the original problem as t →∞. A related behavior is proved for the solution of corresponding finite-dimensional Galerkin approximations. A stability result is proved for the Galerkin approximations.
Lower bounds on the optimal control of soft tissue grasping

The interaction between surgical tools and soft tissue has nonlinear mechanical properties. In robot-assisted surgery, a pre-specified trajectory of tool positions (or applied forces) is desired for achieving a surgical treatment. Due to the computational complexity involved in solving the nonlinear optimal trajectory following problem, a tractable path is to find lower bounds on the optimal cost. The lower bound serves as a reference to evaluate the goodness of any specific controller. A mathematical derivation of a lower bound on the optimal cost of the dynamic optimization problem, using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, is developed. Semi-definite programming is used to solve the LMIs. This approach is demonstrated for a previously studied soft tissue grasping control problem.