cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Intravascular Ultrasound with Histology in Pediatric Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Preliminary intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of suspected pediatric intraluminal pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) demonstrate wall thickening. It is unclear how the IVUS-delineated constituents of wall thickening correlate with the histology. We analyzed six postmortem formalin-fixed heart/lung specimens and four live patients with PVS as well as control pulmonary veins using IVUS and light microscopic examination. In PVS veins, IVUS demonstrated wall thickening with up to two layers of variable echogenicity, often with indistinct borders. Histologically, the veins showed fibroblastic proliferation with areas rich in myxoid matrix as well as areas with abundant collagen and elastic fibers. Discrete vein layers were obscured by scarring and elastic degeneration. A lower reflective periluminal layer by IVUS corresponded with hyperplasia of myofibroblast-like cells in abundant myxoid matrix. The hyper-reflective layer by IVUS extended to the outer edge of the vessel and corresponded to a less myxoid area with more collagen, smooth muscle and elastic fibers. The outer less reflective edge of the IVUS image correlated with a gradual transition into adventitia. Normal veins had a thin wall, correlating with histologically normal cellular and extracellular components, without intimal proliferation. IVUS may provide further understanding of the anatomy and mechanisms of pediatric pulmonary vein obstruction.
Intraoperative Stromal Vascular Fraction Therapy Improves Histomorphometric and Vascular Outcomes in Irradiated Mandibular Fracture Repair.

BACKGROUND Cell-based treatments have demonstrated the capacity to enhance reconstructive outcomes in recent decades but are hindered in clinical utility by regulatory hurdles surrounding cell culture. This investigation examines the ability of a noncultured stromal vascular fraction derived from lipoaspirate to enhance bone healing during fracture repair to further the development of translatable cell therapies that may improve outcomes in irradiated reconstruction. METHODS Isogenic male Lewis rats were divided into three groups: fracture, irradiated fracture, and irradiated fracture with stromal vascular fraction treatment. Irradiated groups received a fractioned dose of 35 Gy before mandibular osteotomy. Stromal vascular fraction was harvested from the inguinal fat of isogenic donors, centrifuged, and placed intraoperatively into the osteotomy site. All mandibles were evaluated for bony union and vascularity using micro-computed tomography before histologic analysis. RESULTS Union rates were significantly improved in the irradiated fracture with stromal vascular fraction treatment group (82 percent) compared to the irradiated fracture group (25 percent) and were not statistically different from the fracture group (100 percent). Stromal vascular fraction therapy significantly improved all metrics of bone vascularization compared to the irradiated fracture group and was not statistically different from fracture. Osteocyte proliferation and mature bone formation were significantly reduced in the irradiated fracture group. Bone cellularity and maturity were restored to nonirradiated levels in the irradiated fracture with stromal vascular fraction treatment group despite preoperative irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Vascular and cellular depletion represent principal obstacles in the reconstruction of irradiated bone. This study demonstrates the efficacy of stromal vascular fraction therapy in remediating these damaging effects and provides a promising foundation for future studies aimed at developing noncultured, cell-based therapies for clinical implementation.
Time Domain Modeling and Power Output for a Heaving Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter

This paper presents, assesses, and optimizes a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) through numerical modeling, simulation, and analysis in time domain. Wave energy conversion is a technology especially suited for assisting in power generation in the offshore oil and gas platforms. A linear frequency domain model is created to predict the behavior of the heaving point absorber WEC system. The hydrodynamic parameters are obtained with AQWA, a software package based on boundary element methods. A linear external damping coefficient is applied to enable power absorption and an external spring force is introduced to tune the point absorber to the incoming wave conditions. The external damping coefficient and external spring forces are the control parameters, which need to be optimized to maximize the power absorption. Two buoy shapes are tested and a variety of diameters and drafts are compared. Optimal shape, draft, and diameter of the model are then determined to maximize its power absorption capacity. Based on the results generated from the frequency domain analysis, a time domain analysis was also conducted to derive the responses of the WEC in the hydrodynamic time response domain. The time domain analysis results allowed us to estimate the power output of this WEC system.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A decision-making procedure for resolution-based SAT-solvers

We describe a new decision-making procedure for resolutionbased SAT-solvers called Decision Making with a Reference Point (DMRP). In DMRP, a complete assignment called a reference point is maintained. DMRP is aimed at finding a change of the reference point under which the number of clauses falsified by the modified point is smaller than for the original one. DMRP makes it possible for a DPLL-like algorithm to perform a "local search strategy". We describe a SAT-algorithm with conflict clause learning that uses DMRP. Experimental results show that even a straightforward and unoptimized implementation of this algorithm is competitive with SAT-solvers like BerkMin and Minisat on practical formulas. Interestingly, DMRP is beneficial not only for satisfiable but also for unsatisfiable formulas.
Plasma cell gingivitis: Report of two cases

Plasma cell gingivitis is a disorder first described in the 1960s and was believed to be caused by an allergic reaction to flavored chewing gum and toothpaste. The lesion was believed to have been largely eliminated by removing the allergens from the products. We report two additional cases, not related to a known allergen. One patient was allergy tested thoroughly and given a strict elimination diet without resolution. Immunofluorescence study suggests a reactive rather than a neoplastic process.
Integration aspects of advanced ferroelectric thin-film memories

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the highlights and solutions to some of the technical challenges that both research and development (R&D) and industrial groups have encountered when ferroelectric thin film capacitors have been integrated with semiconductor devices. It presents a practical approach to integration and process-related issues that pertain to ferroelectric thin film memories—that is, ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs) and dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). However, some of these issues can be more generally applied to other ferroelectric thin film applications, because ferroelectric thin films have also been integrated on semiconductor circuits for these applications. The small-scale production of FeRAMs has been possible since 1991, when Ramtron Corporation made commercially available a nonvolatile 4096-bit FeRAM. In the same year, National Semiconductor Corporation demonstrated that ferroelectric thin films could be integrated on complementary metal oxide semiconductor to make a 1-transistor-l-capacitor DRAM memory cell.
Hyaluronan Synthesis Is Required for IL-2-Mediated T Cell Proliferation

Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. Previous studies have suggested that CD44 expressed by T cells bind exogenous HA for their proliferation. However, HA endogenously synthesized by T cells may participate in their autocrine proliferation. In this study, we examined the role of endogenous HA in T cell proliferation using the highly specific HA synthase inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). We found that 4-MU inhibited the mitogen-induced synthesis of HA by T cells. Moreover, 4-MU inhibited T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner when cells were cultured with different stimuli, including Con A, PMA/ionomycin, and allogeneic spleen cells. Furthermore, 4-MU inhibited mitogen-stimulated IL-2 secretion, suggesting that HA may play a role in the production of this cytokine. Addition of IL-2 to T cells treated with 4-MU and Con A reversed the block in cell proliferation, showing that impaired IL-2 production is a likely mechanism for the inhibited division of T cells. Surprisingly, an anti-CD44 Ab antagonistic for HA binding did not reduce IL-2 secretion or T cell proliferation. Importantly, 4-MU did not alter the surface expression of CD44 or the ability of CD44 to bind to HA. Thus, HA-mediated IL-2 production and T cell proliferation are CD44 independent. Our results strongly suggest that HA synthesized by T cells themselves is critical for their IL-2-mediated proliferation and have revealed a previously unrecognized role for endogenous HA in T cell biology.
Haloaldehyde polymers, 41. Asymmetric polymerization of chloral with chiral lithium salts of sterols as initiators†

Le pouvoir rotatoire (jusqu'a 3000) des films de polychloral obtenus depend de l'amorceur utilise et des conditions de reaction
Cultivating Revolutionary Educational Leaders: Translating Emerging Theories into Action:

INTRODUCTION In the past 30 years, there has been a revolution in the way that leadership is conceptualized across most fields and disciplines. Rather than continuing to examine models of leadership informed by the principles of social control and hierarchy, revolutionary leadership scholars are examining nonhierarchical, process-oriented, and democratic forms of leadership. In recent years, this revolution has moved beyond the doors of the academy, evidenced by the fact that practitioner and professional journals, popular management texts, and formal leadership development programs now reflect these new “revolutionary” views of leadership. A variety of authors have written about certain aspects of this leadership revolution. For example, Astin and Leland (1991) examined collective and democratic forms of leadership for social change; Schein (1992) explored the role of leadership in shaping organizational culture; Lipman-Blumen (1996) discussed the need for leaders to cultivate connective capabilities or collaboration in relation to globalization; Senge (1990) articulated the importance of all staff being considered leaders and developing the talent of all change agents; Heifetz (1994) described the challenge of leading without authority in a more democratic and grassroots environment (although he described it more as complexity); Komives, Lucas, McMahon (1998) identified and described a relational model of leadership 1 The authors would like to thank Marilyn Amey, Pam Eddy, and Dennis Roberts for their helpful feedback on this manuscript. Also, the authors want to note that they contributed equally to the paper and that the order of authorship does not denote a differential contribution.
Effect of leg muscle contraction velocity on functional performance in older men and women.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between impairment (skeletal muscle strength and contraction velocity) and function in community-dwelling older adults. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University-based human physiology laboratory. Participants: One hundred one men and women (aged 75–90). Measurements: Muscle strength and contraction velocity during bilateral leg press (LP) were calculated during one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 40% 1RM. A short physical performance battery (SPPB) and gait speed (GS) from a 400-m self-paced walk assessed function. Sex differences in LP strength and contraction velocity (at 40% 1RM) were assessed. The relationship between these variables and function was also examined. Results: Lower extremity strength and contraction velocity were significantly associated with GS (P=.02 and P=.005, respectively) and SPPB (P<.001 and P=.009, respectively) in men only. Contraction velocity, but not muscle strength, was significantly associated with GS (P<.001) and SPPB (P=.02) in women. Conclusion: Sex differences exist in the relationship between impairment (muscle strength and contraction velocity) and function. Older men and women may employ different strategies to achieve success on different functional tasks. These findings may have important implications for clinicians practicing geriatric rehabilitation.
Effect of thyroid hormone on the contractility of self-organized heart muscle

Tissue-engineered heart muscle may provide an alternative treatment modality for end-stage congestive heart failure. We have previously described a method to engineer contractile heart muscle in vitro (termed cardioids). This study describes a method to improve the contractile properties of cardioids utilizing thyroid hormone (T3) stimulation. Cardioids were engineered by promoting the self-organization of primary neonatal cardiac cells into a contractile tissue construct. Cardioids were maintained in standard cell culture media supplemented with varying concentrations of T3 in the range 1–5ng/ml. The contractile properties of the cardioids were evaluated 48h after formation. Stimulation with T3 resulted in an increase in the specific force of cardioids from an average value of 0.52 ± 0.16kPa (N = 6) for control cardioids to 2.42 ± 0.29kPa (N = 6) for cardioids stimulated with 3ng/ml T3. In addition, there was also an increase in the rate of contraction and relaxation in response to T3 stimulation. Cardioids that were stimulation with T3 exhibited improved pacing characteristics in response to electrical pacing at 1–5Hz and an increase in the degree of spontaneous contractility. Changes in the gene expression of SERCA2, phospholamban, α-myosin heavy chain, and β-myosin heavy chain correlated with the changes in contractile properties. This study demonstrates the modulation of the contractile properties of tissue-engineered heart muscle using T3 stimulation.
The first orbiting astronomical infrared telescope system Its development and performance

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) was launched on January 25, 1983, and has provided astronomers with their first extended views of the universe in the 8 to 120 micron wavelength region. The infrared telescope system is one of several United States contributions to this international project sponsored by the U.S.A., The Netherlands, and the U.K. This telescope employs four bands of detectors cooled to 2.4 K to achieve a noise equivalent flux density in the 10 to the -18th to 10 to the -19th watts/sq cm range and will operate for approximately eleven months before depletion of its supply of superfluid helium. This paper describes major problems, early flight results, and technical lessons learned during the course of the telescope's development and flight operations.
Analyzing and mining a code search engine usage log

This paper presents an analysis of a year long usage log of Koders, the first commercially available Internet-Scale code search engine ( http://www.koders.com ). The usage log comprises about ten million activities from more than three million users. Analysis of the usage data shows that despite of attracting a large number of visitors, Koders has a very sparse usage and that it lacks regular usage from many of its users. When compared to Web search, search behavior in Koders showed many similar patterns. A topic modeling analysis of the usage data shows what topics users of Koders are looking for. Observations on the prevalence of these topics among the users, and observations on how search and download activities vary across topics, lead to the conclusion that users who find code search engines usable are those who already know to a high level of specificity what to look for. This paper also presents a general categorization of these topics that provides insights on the different ways code search engine users express their queries. It identifies various forms of queries in Koders's log and the kinds of results addressed by the queries. It also provides several suggestions for improvements in code search engines based on the analysis of usage, topics, and query forms. The work presented in this paper is the first of its kind that reveals several insights on the usage of an Internet-Scale code search engine.
Diversity in supercoupling of β2-adrenergic receptors in orthostatic hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension is a clinical condition that frequently involves abnormal adrenergic control of cardiovascular function. Adrenergic function was studied in six patients with symptomatic orthostatic hypotension and in 11 age-matched healthy subjects. The patients demonstrated higher supine mean arterial pressures (MAP; 103 +/- 8 versus 86 +/- 4 mm Hg) and orthostatic hypotension (delta MAP -70 +/- 5 versus +15 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) compared with normal subjects. The delta MAP in phase II of the Valsalva maneuver was significantly greater (-31 +/- 4 versus -7 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.002) and phase IV heart rate response was blunted (-5 +/- 3 versus -30 +/- 8 beats/min, p less than 0.02) in these patients. More isoproterenol was required to increase heart rate by 25 beats per minute in patients with hypotension (810 +/- 670 versus 3.1 +/- 1.3 micrograms, p less than 0.05), indicating marked chronotropic hyposensitivity. Leukocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptor densities were similar in patients and controls. beta 2-Adrenergic receptor coupling, however, was elevated in patients with hypotension when compared with control subjects (ratio of the low-affinity and high-affinity dissociation constants [KL/KH] 140 +/- 7.4 versus 66 +/- 4.3, p less than 0.001). There were negative correlations between the KL/KH value and the dose of isoproterenol required to decrease MAP by 20 torr (p less than 0.02) and between the KL/KH value and the product of the hormone receptor and MAP (p less than 0.01). However, the patients could be subdivided into a group who could mount a nearly normal hormone receptor times MAP response on standing (group 1A), and a group who could not (group 1B). The group 1A patients had elevated plasma norepinephrine responses associated with milder beta 2-adrenergic receptor supercoupling, whereas group 1B patients had essentially no orthostatic plasma norepinephrine response and had much higher KL/KH values. Thus, though a state of biochemical supersensitivity existed in both patient subgroups, diminished catecholamine exposure was associated, as expected, with beta 2-adrenergic hypersensitivity in group 1B, whereas there was no diminution of catecholamine exposure in the beta 2-adrenergic hypersensitivity observed in group 1A patients.
The influence of citrate, maltolate and fluoride on the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum at a drinking water-relevant concentration: A 26Al and 14C study.

Abstract The objectives were to test the null hypotheses that (1) citrate, maltolate, and fluoride do not significantly influence oral Al bioavailability, C max or T max at an Al dose relevant to drinking water exposure; and (2) Al citrate and maltolate are absorbed intact from the gastrointestinal tract. Male Fisher rats were given 1 ml of solution intra-gastrically containing 1 nCi 26 Al (65 nmol total Al) as the Al 3+ ion, or as complexes with 14 C-citrate, 14 C-maltolate or fluoride, during concurrent 27 Al iv infusion. Blood was repeatedly collected for serum 26 Al, total Al and 14 C quantification. Absorption parameters were estimated using WinNonlin. Al bioavailability, C max and T max from the ion, citrate, maltolate, and fluoride were 0.29 ± 0.11%, 0.61 ± 0.31%, 0.50 ± 0.25%, and 0.35 ± 0.10%; 659 ± 195, 1073 ± 250, 881 ± 356, and 880 ± 295 fg/ml; and 1.2 ± 0.9, 1.0 ± 1.1, 1.3 ± 1.0, and 1.0 ± 0.9 h ( X ± SD) respectively. Serum 14 C was ∼100 times higher than 26 Al. The results suggest a non-significant enhancement of oral Al bioavailability by citrate and maltolate, some Al complex dissociation in the GI tract, and less absorption of Al than citrate or maltolate. The presence of citrate, maltolate and fluoride, at a similar molar concentration to Al, would not be expected to greatly influence Al absorption from drinking water.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) is a bioavailable prodrug of tenofovir, a potent nucleotide analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus. It is administered as a single 300-mg tablet once daily. It was approved for the treatment of HIV infection on the basis of data from clinical trials demonstrating activity in treatment-experienced patients, and it was subsequently shown to be effective when used as a component of initial therapy. Tenofovir DF is active against some nucleoside-resistant strains of HIV. However, cross-resistance is associated with multiple thymidine analogue mutations that include 41L or 210W. The signature mutation is the K65R mutation, which causes variable loss in susceptibility to tenofovir DF, didanosine, and abacavir. Tenofovir DF has been well tolerated in clinical trials with durations of follow-up up to 96 weeks. It is associated with more-favorable lipid profiles than stavudine and has not been associated with the mitochondrial toxicity attributed to other nucleoside analogues.
Teaching American English Online

L'A. decrit les ressources disponibles sur Internet pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de l'anglais americain : dictionnaires en ligne, sites culturels et historiques qui donnent acces a l'histoire de la langue, acces a des corpus linguistiques, acces au site Atlas Linguistique, propose par l'A. lui-meme et comportant des donnees de recherches actuelles sur l'anglais americain. Cette methode d'enseignement/apprentissage permet a l'etudiant de manipuler et d'explorer des documents, c'est-a-dire d'avoir un role actif dans l'evolution de son apprentissage
Zest and work

Zest is a positive trait reflecting a person's approach to life with anticipation, energy, and excitement. In the present study, 9803 currently employed adult respondents to an Internet site completed measures of dispositional zest, orientation to work as a calling, and satisfaction with work and life in general. Across all occupations, zest predicted the stance that work was a calling (r = .39), as well as work satisfaction (r = .46) and general life satisfaction (r = .53). Zest deserves further attention from organizational scholars, especially how it can be encouraged in the workplace. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ocular pharmacokinetics of eicosanoids and their derivatives. 1. Comparison of ocular eicosanoid penetration and distribution following the topical application of PGF2α, PGF2α-1-methyl ester, and PGF2α-1-isopropyl ester

These experiments were undertaken to determine whether the increased ocular hypotensive potency of topically applied prostaglandin (PG) PGF2α esters, as compared with that of PGF2α free acid, can be accounted for by increased penetration of the eicosanoid moiety of the esterified PG into the eye. One hour after the topical application of [3H]PGF2α-1-methyl ester (ME) in peanut oil, the 3H activities in the cornea, aqueous humor, and ciliary body of the rabbit eye were 32-, 22-, and 8-fold higher, respectively, than they were following the topical application of [3H]PGF2α free acid. 3H activity during the first 3 hr declined rapidly in the cornea and more slowly in the aqueous humor, but remained essentially constant in the ciliary body for up to 6 hr, declining rapidly only between 6- and 24 hr. 3H activity in eyes that received [3H]PGF2α ME was also several-fold higher in the anterior sclera and iris than in eyes that were treated with [3H]PGF2α free acid, but this difference was much smaller in the conjunctiva. At 1 hr, most of the 3H activity in the aqueous humor was associated with PGF2α, as determined by chromatography, but at 2- and 3 hr other peaks, presumably reflecting metabolites of PGF2α, became apparent. The penetration and intraocular distribution of 3H activity was similar when [3H]PGF2α ME was applied to the eye in normal saline rather than in peanut oil or when the isopropyl rather than the methyl ester of PGF2α was used. These studies indicate that esterification of the carboxyl group of PGF2α greatly enhances the penetration of the PFG2α moiety into the eye and suggests that effective de-esterification of the PGF2α ester occurs in the cornea, resulting in the delivery of PGF2α free acid into the aqueous humor. It is concluded that topically applied PG esters act as pro-drugs and that the increased ocular penetration of these esters may account for the previously reported increase in their ocular hypotensive potency as compared to that of PG free acid or salts.
A Study of the Free Amino Acids in Bovine Muscles

SUMMARY Paper chromatography was used in studying variations in the free amino acid content of beef muscle. Analysis of eleven cuts representing nine muscles from a cow shows a variation in the content of certain free amino acids. In general, the variation of the peak of the curve obtained from the chromatogram by a photoelectric densitometer is greatest in the leucine-isoleucine spot. The more tender cuts (Longissimus dorsi and Psoas major) contain more leucine-isoleucine than the less tender Semitendinosus. This was further evidenced in a comparative study of these same muscles from seven beef animals. In each of these seven animals the amounts of these free amino acids increased from the less tender to the more tender muscles. Since the results agree in general with those found by other methods, this study is now being extended to many more animals.
Systolic and diastolic heart failure: differences and similarities

Abstract Background Diastolic heart failure (DHF) and systolic heart failure (SHF) are 2 clinical subsets of the syndrome of chronic heart failure that are most commonly encountered in clinical practice. Methods and Results The clinically overt DHF and SHF appear to be 2 separate syndromes with distinctive morphologic and functional changes although signs, symptoms, and prognosis are very similar. In DHF, the left ventricle is not dilated and the ejection fraction is preserved. In contrast in SHF, it is dilated and the ejection fraction is reduced. The neurohormonal abnormalities in DHF and SHF appear to be similar. The stimuli and the signals that ultimately produce these 2 different phenotypes of chronic heart failure remain, presently, largely unknown. Conclusions Although there has been considerable progress in the management of SHF, the management of DHF remains mostly empirical because of lack of knowledge of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which produce myocardial structural and functional changes in this syndrome. Further research and investigations are urgently required.
Decision Support Systems in Academic Administration.

A decision support system (DSS) is a flexible, interactive, computerized approach intended to support administrators in their decision making activities and which is capable of providing direct, personal support for complex, managerial decisions. This paper presents an overview of DSS's major characteristics which can integrate the intellectual resources of individuals with the capabilities of the computer to improve the quality of decisions. Following a discussion of its capabilities, the various components of a DSS (database, model base, hardware and user‐system interface) are examined as well as the development tools needed. Examples of the applications of DSSs in two universities provide insight into the benefits a DSS can bring to educational administration. Finally, the paper considers various development and implementation issues pertaining to a decision support system in academic administration.
The analysis of biological shape changes from multidimensional dynamic images

Abstract A technique for modeling shape changes in a time series of biological images of arbitrary dimension is described. The technique consists of first segmenting the image to locate the specimen, and then parametrizing the specimen in the initial image with an orthogonal material coordinate system . The deformation of the material coordinate system caused by the changing shape of the specimen is then solved for by minimizing an energy functional. The energy functional is a linear combination of a brightness continuity term and a shape change term. A parameter λ weights the brightness continuity against the shape change smoothness. The best value to use for λ is chosen as the value that minimizes the mean square error between the image derived from the calculated shape change parameters and the corresponding actual image. A two-dimensional implementation by finite differences is given. Results from both two-dimensional confocal images, and two-dimensional synthetic images are presented. Our early work on a three-dimensional implementation is given.
Characteristics of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the HIV envelope glycoprotein

We have studied the biologic and physical properties of a monoclonal antibody that binds to gp120, the exterior envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain HTLV-IIIB. Des...
Discovery of an X-ray QSO

The discovery of X-ray QSO MR2251-178 at a distance of 410 Mpc is reported. The observations are based on signals (2-11 keV) from NRAO's Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope and from two independent rotating modulation collimators (RMC). Coordinates are given and positional identification with X-ray source 2A2251-179 is made. Examination of POSS plates and redshift has given rise to speculation that MR2251-178 could actually be a Seyfert galaxy; but its high luminosity would tend to support the contention that it is, indeed, a QSO.
Homocysteine Down-regulates Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx1) by Decreasing Translation

Hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to vascular dysfunction and an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. An elevated level of homocysteine in vivo and in cell culture systems results in a decrease in the activity of cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. In this study, we show that homocysteine interferes with GPx1 protein expression without affecting transcript levels. Expression of the selenocysteine (SEC)-containing GPx1 protein requires special translational cofactors to "read-through" a UGA-stop codon that specifies SEC incorporation at the active site of the enzyme. These factors include a selenocysteine incorporation sequence (SECIS) in the 3'-untranslated region of the GPx1 mRNA and cofactors involved in the biosynthesis and translational insertion of SEC. To monitor SEC incorporation, we used a reporter gene system that has a UGA codon within the protein-coding region of the luciferase mRNA. Addition of either the GPx1 or GPx3 SECIS element in the 3'-untranslated region of the luciferase gene stimulated read-through by 6-11-fold in selenium-replete cells; absence of selenium prevented translation. To alter cellular homocysteine production, we used methionine in the presence of aminopterin, a folate antagonist, co-administered with hypoxanthine and thymidine (HAT/Met). This treatment increased homocysteine levels in the media by 30% (p < 0.01) and decreased GPx1 enzyme activity by 45% (p = 0.0028). HAT/Met treatment decreased selenium-mediated read-through significantly (p < 0.001) in luciferase constructs containing the GPx1 or GPx3 SECIS element; most importantly, the suppression of selenium-dependent read-through was similar whether an SV40 promoter or the GPx1 promoter was used to drive transcription of the SECIS-containing constructs. Furthermore, HAT/Met had no effect on steady-state GPx1 mRNA levels but decreased GPx1 protein levels, suggesting that this effect is not transcriptionally mediated. These data support the conclusion that homocysteine decreases GPx1 activity by altering the translational mechanism essential for the synthesis of this selenocysteine-containing protein.
Anomalous relation of apparent viscosity to temperature in high molecular weight polyisobutylene under shear in a capillary viscometer

The apparent viscosities of polyisobutylenes of high molecular weights show extremely high temperature sensitivities in narrow temperature ranges when measured in a capillary viscometer. The temperature at which this anomaly occurs increases as the molecular weight of the polyisobutylene increases. It is higher for a GR-I rubber than for a polyisobutylene of comparable molecular weight. It decreases with decreasing nominal rate of shear and with increasing radius of the capillary tubes through which the polymer is made to flow at a given average linear velocity. It increases with increasing isotropic pressure on the polymer. This effect is similar to one reported previously for colloidal solutions, and discussed by some investigators as “structure turbulence” occurring at Reynolds' numbers as low as one. It is not caused by crystallization or glass transition. An alternative explanation is that on cooling some relaxation time in the polymer molecules become so long that the molecules cannot orient appreciably in the time they take to pass through the capillaries. The relation between the pertinent relaxation time and the transit time cannot be a simple numerical proportion however.
Comparative assessment of hypercoagulability in women with and without gynecologic malignancies using the thromboelastograph coagulation analyzer.

The hypercoagulability status of women with and without gynecologic malignancies was compared using the thromboelastograph coagulation analyzer. Blood specimens from 25 women with newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies and from 21 age-matched controls were analyzed. Hypercoagulability is defined b
A FORTRAN program for lag sequential analysis of contingency and cyclicity in behavioral interaction data

One method for identifying contingency relationships in a sequence of observed behaviors studies occurrences of matching behaviors at successive event or time steps from a criterion event. This paper briefly summarizes the method and presents a computer program for generating lag conditional probabilities and associated measures for assessing statistical significance.
Quantitative two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of CO in flickering CH4/air diffusion flames

One-dimensional fluorescence imaging measurements of CO concentrations have been made in steady and flickering axisymmetric, methane/air diffusion flames burning at atmospheric pressure. These experiments extend fluorescence detection of CO to flames that contain significant soot volume fractions, approximately 1–2×10 −6 . Our aim is to quantify changes in the CO levels that occur for flickering conditions, where increased soot production and subsequent oxidation may have important effects. The Q branch (0,0) band of the B 1 Σ + ←←X 1 Σ + transition was excited near 230 nm in a two-photon process, and the B 1 Σ + →A 1 II (0,1) band fluorescence was detected at 483.5mm. Quenching-independent data were obtained, and interferences from broadband molecular fluorescence and soot incandescence were accounted for by subtracting profiles measured for excitation at a nearby, nonresonant wavelength. Maximum CO concentrations are found to be approximately equal in the steady and flickering flames burning with the same fuel flow rate. For the flickering flames, the greater radial extent of the burning flamelet following clip-off yields approximately 50–65% larger volume-integrated CO levels. Overall, this increase in CO production is modest compared to the factor of 4 enhancement observed in the time-averaged, volume-integrated, soot volume fraction, indicating that soot oxidation does not appear to appreciably impact CO levels in these methane flames.
Electronic structure of dinuclear gold(i) complexes.

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments on LL(AuSR *)(2) complexes [LL = diphenylphosphinomethane (dppm), diphenylphosphinopentane (dpppn); R(*) = p-SC(6)H(4)CH(3)] show anodic sweeps that broaden by about 25 mV on going from the longer (dpppn) to the shorter (dppm) bidentate phosphine ligand. Changing concentrations had no effect on the shape of the waveform. The result suggests a weak intramolecular metal-metal interaction in dppm(AuSR *)(2) that correlates well with rate acceleration occurring in the reaction of dppm(AuSR *)(2) with organic disulfides. Quantum yields for cis-dppee(AuX)(2) [dppee = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene; X = Cl, Br, I] complexes, (disappearance) Phi , are significantly higher in complexes with a softer X ligand, a trend that correlates well with aurophilicity. This result also suggests that electronic perturbation caused by Au(I)-Au(I) interactions is important in explaining the reactivity of some dinuclear gold(I) complexes. The crystal structure for cis-dppee(Aul)(2) shows short intramolecular Au(I)-Au(I) interactions of 2.9526 (6) A degrees , while the structure of trans-dppee(AuI)(2) , shows intermolecular Au(I)-Au(I) interactions of 3.2292 (9) A degrees . The substitution of .As for P results in a ligand, cis-diphenylarsinoethylene (cis-dpaee), that is photochemically active, in contrast to the cis-dppee ligand. The complexes, cis-dpaee(AuX)(2), are also photochemically active but with lower quantum yields than the cis-dppee(AuX)(2) complexes.
A conserved sequence in internal transcribed spacer 1 of plant nuclear rRNA genes

A highly conserved sequence was found in rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) among flowering plant species. The sequence, GGCRY-(4 to 7 n)-GYGYCAAGGAA (where Y=C or T; R=G or A) is located in the central region of ITS1, and is present in published sequences from a wide range of flowering plants. The rest of ITS1 is highly variable in sequence. Therefore, the conserved motif within ITS1 may have a key function in the processing of rRNA gene transcripts. Furthermore, identification of such a conserved motif will help facilitate alignment of sequences for phylogenetic analysis.
The Building Blocks in the Professional Education Process That Lead to Best Practices and Quality Medicine

It is time for the faculty of veterinary colleges to take responsibility for the veterinary curriculum, to move beyond the debate over teaching styles, and to understanding what a curriculum needs to accomplish. Our challenge is to engage students, faculty, and all veterinary professionals in evidence-based medicine and medical outcomes assessment and to identify best practices and continually improve the quality of veterinary health care. The education program of students must lay the foundation for this essential approach to veterinary practice.
Polymer–solvent interaction observed in rubbery plateau modulus

The conventional wisdom is that concentration dependence of the rubbery plateau modulus of polymer solutions is independent of the material. However, in industrial practice, sometimes a small addition of miscible liquid lowers the modulus significantly whilst at other times it hardly affects it. This work examines an example of the former case (nitrile rubber–plasticizer systems) and one of the latter (acrylic rubber–plasticizer systems). Two possible explanations are offered for the observed behaviour. One is a possible contribution of a polar association to the plateau modulus: when a solvent breaks the association it gives the former case and when it does not, it gives the latter. The other explanation is a possible contraction of polymer coils from unperturbed size giving the former case, and an expansion giving the latter. Changes of less than a few percent of the coil-radius are sufficient to explain the above behaviour © 1998 SCI.
Ipilimumab-induced autoimmune adrenalitis.

A 56-year-old woman presented with fatigue and headache after receiving 4 doses of ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4, for metastatic melanoma. Low morning corticotropin and cortisol levels along with pituitary enlargement were consistent with hypophysitis related secondary adrenal insufficiency. She was started on replacement dose of hydrocortisone. Subsequent surveillance-computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed bilateral enlargement of adrenal glands (Panel B, arrows). Prior to ipilimumab therapy, her adrenal glands were normal in size (Panel A, arrows). Her serum cortisol and aldosterone failed to respond to cosyntropin stimulation demonstrating primary adrenal insufficiency. Six weeks later, her adrenal glands normalized in size (Panel C, arrows). The dynamic size change of the adrenal glands suggests ipilimumab related autoimmune adrenalitis. Although secondary adrenal insufficiency is a fairly common endocrinopathy related to ipilimumab therapy, it is important to identify primary adrenal insufficiency that may coexist with secondary adrenal insufficiency.
Machine Learning Based Semantic Inference: Experiments and Observations at RTE-3

Textual Entailment Recognition is a semantic inference task that is required in many natural language processing (NLP) applications. In this paper, we present our system for the third PASCAL recognizing textual entailment (RTE-3) challenge. The system is built on a machine learning framework with the following features derived by state-of-the-art NLP techniques: lexical semantic similarity (LSS), named entities (NE), dependent content word pairs (DEP), average distance (DIST), negation (NG), task (TK), and text length (LEN). On the RTE-3 test dataset, our system achieves the accuracy of 0.64 and 0.6488 for the two official submissions, respectively. Experimental results show that LSS and NE are the most effective features. Further analyses indicate that a baseline dummy system can achieve accuracy 0.545 on the RTE-3 test dataset, which makes RTE-3 relatively easier than RTE-2 and RTE-1. In addition, we demonstrate with examples that the current Average Precision measure and its evaluation process need to be changed.
Differences in DNA curvature-related sequence periodicity between prokaryotic chromosomes and phages, and relationship to chromosomal prophage content

Periodic spacing of A-tracts (short runs of A or T) with the DNA helical period of ~10–11 bp is characteristic of intrinsically bent DNA. In eukaryotes, the DNA bending is related to chromatin structure and nucleosome positioning. However, the physiological role of strong sequence periodicity detected in many prokaryotic genomes is not clear. We developed measures of intensity and persistency of DNA curvature-related sequence periodicity and applied them to prokaryotic chromosomes and phages. The results indicate that strong periodic signals present in chromosomes are generally absent in phage genomes. Moreover, chromosomes containing prophages are less likely to possess a persistent periodic signal than chromosomes with no prophages. Absence of DNA curvature-related sequence periodicity in phages could arise from constraints associated with DNA packaging in the viral capsid. Lack of prophages in chromosomes with persistent periodic signal suggests that the sequence periodicity and concomitant DNA curvature could play a role in protecting the chromosomes from integration of phage DNA.
Determination and Control of Volatilized 131I Released in the Preparation of 131I Tositumomab Dosages for Radioimmunotherapy

1. TechneScan MAG3 kit [package insert]. St. Louis, Mo: Mallinckrodt Inc; 2000. 2. OctreoScan kit [package insert]. St. Louis, Mo: Mallinckrodt Inc; 2000. 3. Weber DA, Paras P, Harris CC, et al. Initial testing and quality control for radionuclide dose calibrators. Committee on Standardization of Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation, American College of Nuclear Physicians. Nucl Med Commun. 1986;7:555-65. 4. Calhoun JM, Golas DB, Harris SG. Effects of varying geometry on dose calibrator response: cobalt-57 and technetium-99m. J Nucl Med. 1987;28:1478-83. 5. Chu RYL, Simon WE. Quality control testing of dose calibrators. J Nucl Med Technol. 1996;24:124-8. 6. Zimmerman BE, Coursey BM, Cessna JT. Correct use of dose calibrator values. J Nucl Med. 1998;38:575. 7. Dansereau RN, Methe BM. Dose variance associated with calibration and administration of radiopharmaceuticals. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2001;58:580-4. 8. 10 CFR 35.50 (b) (4). 9. 10 CFR 35.60 (b).
Spheroidal Functions of the Second Kind.

which for the characteristic values b, is also bounded at the singularities z = 1. With the aid of the integral representation (1-18) it was shown that (1-8) and (I-10) are proportional, Se,(c, z) = X\kl Re,(c, z), (1-26) and that the expansion coefficients are related by the simple expression (1-22). An independent particular solution of (1) behaving at infinity as (cz)a-l cos (cz -) may be defined formally by
X-ray absorption studies of the local environment of Zr in high-zirconia borosilicate glasses

Abstract Zirconium X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data were collected and analyzed for a series of zirconia borosilicate glasses developed as potential formulations for immobilization of nuclear fuel reprocessing wastes. For the first time, XAS are presented for silicate glasses with zirconia concentrations as high as 21 wt% and for zektzerite (LiNaZrSi6O15), a crystalline standard that is chemically similar to the glasses. Two other glass series were investigated where the CaO and ZnO contents were varied individually, while the Zr content was held constant. The analysis results indicate that Zr4+ is predominantly in octahedral sites in the glasses. Trends in the data also show that the Zr environments in the glasses are sensitive to changes in ZrO2 concentration, but are less sensitive to changes in Zn or Ca content. With addition of zirconia, the Zr site population shifts from mostly six-coordinated with minor amounts of seven-coordinated Zr, to having a larger fraction of seven-coordinated Zr sites, while maintaining a majority of octahedral Zr. The seven-coordinated Zr atoms probably act as nucleation sites in the glass; as the zirconia content increases to 15 wt% and higher, the numbers of these sites become large enough to promote ZrO2 baddeleyite crystallization. There is no evidence of Zr–Zr pair correlations, similar to those observed in baddeleyite, in any of the crystal-free glasses.
Forced axial flow between rotating concentric cylinders

Forced axial flow in an annular gap of a cylindrical rotor is investigated analytically and experimentally. At small rotation rates and narrow gap widths, the axial flow is a simple Poiseuille flow over most of the rotor. The distance required for this Poiseuille flow to get established is estimated. An instability is observed at large rotation rates with certain input geometries.
A study of the spatial variability of ozone and other pollutants at St Louis, Missouri

Abstract A network of 25 aerometric stations was part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in the Greater St Louis area. At these stations ozone (O 3 ) and various other photochemical pollutants [NO, NO 2 , and total hydrocarbons (THC)] as well as carbon monoxide (CO) were analyzed with respect to their spatial variability. Data were analyzed for the warm months of the year, April–October 1975 and 1976 — periods during which high O 3 concentrations are common. The results of these analyses indicate that when O 3 concentrations are high (above 100 ppb) the daily 1-h maximum O 3 concentration is highly dependent upon the location of measurement. Measurements made at these times in both urban and rural locations in and around St Louis were frequently found to vary by a factor of 2 and occasionally by a factor as large as 4. Simultaneous hourly average measurements for each of the pollutants were correlated across the network of 25 stations. Rather poor correlations were found for the primary pollutants such as CO, NO, NO 2 , and THC. Analysis of normalized fields of pollutant concentrations suggest that the scavenging of O 3 by NO dominates the O 3 NO x reaction cycle before 1000 CDT.