cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissociating Task-set Selection from Task-set Inhibition in the Prefrontal Cortex

Patients with focal lesions in the left (n = 7) and right (n = 4) prefrontal cortex were compared with controls (n = 16) in a task-switching experiment using four different, simple spatial tasks. Each of these tasks involved a left–right decision, either regarding an arrow, the word "left" or "right," a circle position, or the direction of a moving line. We compared performance on trials that required rule switches versus rule repetitions (local switch costs) and we compared performance between blocks with bivalent stimuli (two dimensions present) and blocks with univalent stimuli (only one dimension present) to assess global switch costs. Patients with left prefrontal lesions, but not patients with right prefrontal lesions, exhibited increased costs on trials in which the relevant dimension switched (local switch costs), but also on no-switch trials with bivalent stimuli (global costs). We also assessed task-set inhibition in the form of the backward-inhibition effect [increased response times to recently abandoned tasks; Mayr, U., & Keele, S. Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 4–26, 2000]. Although left frontal patients showed normal inhibition, right frontal patients showed no evidence for inhibition. These results suggest a neurocognitive dissociation between task-set selection and inhibition.
Health and Well-Being in Early Adolescents Using Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perceived field motion and human field rhythms to perceived health status, health conception, and well-being in early adolescents to determine which health-related variables are most compatible with Rogers' science of unitary human beings. The sample of 142 early adolescents responded to the study instruments in classrooms. The correlations between perceived field motion and each of the other variables were statistically significant, and increased in magnitude from perceived health status to health conception to well-being. These results give credence to Rogers' evolving philosophical belief that the term well-being is more compatible than health in her science.
The influence of drone physical condition on the likelihood of receiving vibration signals from worker honey bees, Apis mellifera

Honey bee workers will perform vibration sig- nals on adult drones, which respond by increasing the time spent receiving trophallaxis. Because trophallaxis provides the proteins for sexual maturation, workers could direct vibration signals towards drones showing certain physical characteristics, potentially influencing drone development and colony reproductive output. We examined the influence of drone condition on the likelihood of receiving vibration signals by comparing body weight, protein concentrations, and hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) titers between drones that received the vibration signal and same-age, non- vibrated controls. Vibrated and control drones did not differ in total body weight, abdomen weight, abdomen-to-body weight ratio, total protein concentrations, or hemolymph JH titers. In contrast, vibrated drones had significantly lower thorax weight and smaller thorax-to-body weight ratios compared with controls. Because relative thorax weight may affect flight ability and mating success, workers could use the vibration signal to increase the care received by less developed drones, potentially contributing to the production of greater numbers of competitive males. However, the differences in thorax weights, while significant, were very small, and it is unknown how such slight differences might be assessed by workers or affect drone performance. Nev- ertheless, vibration signals performed on drones may pro- vide opportunities for exploring the effect of the quality of reproductive individuals on caste interactions in honey bees.
An alternative explanation for differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere

[1] This paper investigates surface and satellite temperature trends over the period from 1979 to 2008. Surface temperature data sets from the National Climate Data Center and the Hadley Center show larger trends over the 30-year period than the lower-tropospheric data from the University of Alabama in Huntsville and Remote Sensing Systems data sets. The differences between trends observed in the surface and lower-tropospheric satellite data sets are statistically significant in most comparisons, with much greater differences over land areas than over ocean areas. These findings strongly suggest that there remain important inconsistencies between surface and satellite records.
Increasing Hurricane-Generated Wave Heights along the U.S. East Coast and Their Climate Controls

Abstract Analyses of hourly measurements of ocean wave heights along the U.S. East Coast, collected since the 1970s by three buoys of the National Data Buoy Center, document a progressive increase during the summer months when hurricanes are most important to wave generation. In contrast, the waves measured during the winter, generated by extratropical storms, have not experienced a statistically significant change. Summer waves with significant wave heights greater than 3 m, which can be directly attributed to specific hurricanes, have increased at a rate of 0.059 m/y (1.8 m in 30 years) according to records from buoy 41002 offshore from Charleston, South Carolina, with a lower rate of 0.024 m/y (0.7 m in 30 years) recorded by the Cape Hatteras buoy (41001); both trends are statistically significant at the 90% level. A still lower rate is found for the Cape May buoy (44004), 0.017 m/y, suggesting that there is a systematic latitude variation. Histograms of the ranges of significant wave heights measured ...
Appearance and Stability of Hydrolyzed Fe(ClO4)3 Solutions

Fe(ClO,)3 solutions of different concentration and acidity were studied to search for the factors governing their appearance and stability during aging and to elucidate the mechanisms for the formation of amorphous and crystalline iron(III) hydroxides from slow hydrolysis. It was found that dilute solutions (0.001M or lower) rapidly hydrolyzed to clear sols after a brief induction period. With an increase in iron(III) concentration, one could notice gradual increases in the induction period, tur- bidity and particle size. Thus, solutions 0.006M to 0.01M in iron(III) developed into dense, cloudy, yellow suspensions impervious to light. The polymeric iron(III) species in the aged 0-02M solution were primarily large particles that settled under gravity, resulting in a suspension of low turbidity. It was also observed that in dilute solutions, the initial polymerization product was amorphous iron(III) hydroxide which yielded X-ray diffraction peaks for FeOOH only after prolonged aging or not at all. In 0.01 and 0.02M solutions, however, crystalline FeOOH was the major product from the very beginning of polymerization. The results suggest that the initial degree of supersaturation with respect to amorphous iron(III) hydroxide is the key factor governing particle size distribution, which in turn governs the appearance, stability and crystallinity of the hydrolyzed product during aging. The addition of HCIO, to dilute Fe(CIO,)3 solutions decreased, whereas the addition of NaOH to concentrated solutions increased, the degree of supersaturation and, thus, induced changes in induc- tion period, appearance, stability and crystallinity of the hydrolyzed product accordingly.
Coupled molecular dynamics — One-dimensional PIC simulations of ionic liquid electrospray thrusters

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to model an electrospray thruster for the ionic liquid (IL) EMIM-BF4 using a coarse-grained (CG) potential. A one-dimensional electric field was computed by the use of a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) solver and coupled to the MD program. The electrical extrusion of the IL was studied for different electric field strengths and mass flow rates. The MD simulations provide the first insight into the atomistic modeling of a capillary-tip-extractor system, the basic elements of an electrospray thruster. Current distributions and anion and cation behavior were characterized and compare reasonably well with measurements. Moreover, the role of inhomogeneities in the electric field as well as that of the IL space-charge most likely will improve agreement between modeling and experiment.
Synthesis of tritiated 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-[3-(3-azidophenyl)propyl]piperazine ([3H]-meta azido GBR-12935), a photoaffinity ligand for the dopamine reuptake site

A tritiated photoaffinity ligand for the dopamine reuptake transporter protein, 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy) ethyl]-4-[3-(3-azidophenyl)-2,3-ditritiopropyl]piperazine, of specific activity 41.8 Ci/mmol, was prepared in six steps starting from 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl] piperazine.
Standard Oil and Petroleum Development in Early Republican China

Despite the efforts of American government officials, attempts to establish a joint Chinese-American company to develop China's petroleum potential met with failure during the initial years of the Wilson administration. Duplicity and misunderstanding on the part of Standard Oil and of the Chinese government added another chapter to the dismal history of American business in China.
Concepts for Designing and Fabricating Metal Implant Frameworks for Hybrid Implant Prostheses

Edentulous patients have reported difficulties in managing complete dentures; they have also reported functional concerns and higher expectations regarding complete dentures than the dentists who have treated them. Some of the objectives of definitive fixed implant prosthodontic care include predictable, long-term prostheses, improved function, and maintenance of alveolar bone. One of the keys to long-term clinical success is the design and fabrication of metal frameworks that support implant prostheses. Multiple, diverse methods have been reported regarding framework design in implant prosthodontics. Original designs were developed empirically, without the benefit of laboratory testing. Prosthetic complications reported after occlusal loading included screw loosening, screw fracture, prosthesis fracture, crestal bone loss around implants, and implant loss. Numerous authors promoted accurately fitting frameworks; however, it has been noted that metal frameworks do not fit accurately. Passively fitting metal implant frameworks and implants have not been realized. Biologic consequences of ill-fitting frameworks were not well understood. Basic engineering principles were then incorporated into implant framework designs; however, laboratory testing was lacking. It has been reported that I- and L-beam designs were the best clinical option. With the advent of CAD/CAM protocols, milled titanium frameworks became quite popular in implant prosthodontics. The purpose of this article is to discuss current and past literature regarding implant-retained frameworks for full-arch, hybrid restorations. Benefits, limitations, and complications associated with this type of prosthesis will be reviewed. This discussion will include the relative inaccuracy of casting/implant fit and improved accuracy noted with CAD/CAM framework/implant fit; cantilever extensions relative to the A/P implant spread; and mechanical properties associated with implant frameworks including I- and L-beam designs. Guidelines will be proposed for use by clinicians and laboratory technicians in designing implant-retained frameworks.
Considerations in engineering parallel multiobjective evolutionary algorithms

Developing multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) involves thoroughly addressing the issues of efficiency and effectiveness. Once convinced of an MOEA's effectiveness the researcher often desires to reduce execution time and/or resource expenditure, which naturally leads to considering the MOEA's parallelization. Parallel MOEAs (pMOEAs) or distributed MOEAs are relatively new developments with few associated publications. pMOEA creation is not a simple task, involving analyzing various parallel paradigms and associated parameters. Thus, a thorough discussion of the major parallelized MOEA paradigms is included in this paper and succinct observations are made regarding an analysis of the current literature. Specifically, a previous MOEA notation is extended into the pMOEA domain to enable precise description and identification of various sets of interest. Innovative concepts for pMOEA migration, replacement and niching schemes are discussed, as well as presenting the first known generic pMOEA formulation. Taken together, this paper's analyses in conjunction with an original pMOEA design serve as a pedagogical framework and example of the necessary process to implement an efficient and effective pMOEA.
Salinity-stimulated changes in expression and activity of two carbonic anhydrase isoforms in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus.

SUMMARY Two isoforms of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the blue crab gill, CasCAg and CasCAc, were identified, sequenced, and found to match the membrane-associated and cytoplasmic isoforms, respectively. The membrane-associated isoform is present in much higher levels of mRNA expression in both anterior and posterior gills in crabs acclimated to high salinity (35 p.p.t.), but expression of the cytoplasmic isoform in the posterior gill undergoes a significantly greater degree of up-regulation after exposure to low salinity (15 p.p.t.). CasCAc has the largest scope of induction (100-fold) reported for any transport-related protein in the gill, and this may be necessary to overcome diffusion limitations between gill cytoplasm and the apical boundary layer. Furthermore, the timing of the changes in expression of CasCAc corresponds to the timing of the induction of protein-specific CA activity and CA protein concentration. No changes in CA mRNA expression or activity occur in the anterior gills. The pattern of up-regulation of expression of mRNA of the α-subunit of the Na + /K + -ATPase is similar to that for CasCAc, and both precede the establishment of the new acclimated physiological state of the crab in low salinity. A putative `housekeeping9 gene, arginine kinase, also showed about a threefold increase in expression in response to low salinity, but only in the posterior gills. These results suggest that for studies of expression in crustacean gill tissue, a control tissue, such as the anterior gill, be used until an adequate control gene is identified.
Hot ISM in young elliptical galaxies

Using Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of young, post-merger elliptical galaxies, we present X-ray characteristics of age-related observational results, by comparing with typical old elliptical galaxies in terms of X-ray properties of their low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and hot interstellar matter (ISM).
The Ah phenotype. Survey of forty-eight rat strains and twenty inbred mouse strains.

Forty-four inbred and four randombred rat strains and 20 inbred mouse strains were examined for their Ah phenotype by determining the induction of liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity (EC 1.14.14.1) by intraperitoneal treatment with either β-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. All 48 rat strains were found to be Ah-responsive. The maximally induced hydroxylase specific activities of the ALB/Pit, MNR/Pit, MR/Pit, SHR/Pit, and Sprague-Dawley strains were of the same order of magnitude as the basal hydroxylase specific activities of the ACI/Pit, F344/Pit, OKA/Pit, and MNR/N strains. Six of the 20 mouse strains were Ah-nonresponsive (i.e. lacking the normal induction response and presumably lacking detectable amounts of the Ah receptor). The basal hydroxylase specific activities of the BDL/N, NFS/N, STAR/N, and ST/JN mouse strains were more than twice as high as the maximally induced hydroxylase specific activity of the CBA/HT strain.——To date, 24 Ah-nonresponsive mouse strains have been identified, out of a total of 68 known to have been characterized. The reasons for not finding a single Ah-nonresponsive inbred rat strain—as compared with about one Ah-nonresponsive inbred mouse strain found for every three examined—remain unknown.
Map updating and path planning for real-time mobile robot navigation

This paper describes a navigation system which unites three important capabilities: it enables a mobile robot to avoid obstacles, map the environment, and plan local paths around more complex obstacles while navigating. This system extends and integrates the histogram grid representation and the modified A* algorithm. Our system uses the histogram grid representation and updating method to represent the robot's environment and update a map quickly and reliably with the data from a laser range scanner. Our system also uses the modified A* algorithm to search this grid to plan and replan local paths. The navigation system that we have developed enables a mobile robot to smoothly avoid obstacles while navigating towards a goal at speeds of 0.15 to 0.35 meters per second, speeds which are faster than those typically obtained in similar systems. >
A Unified Analysis to Surpass Comparative and Experiential Aspect

This study compares two constructions in Cantonese which shares similar features in their syntax and semantics. Previous works observe that comparatives often appear after experiential aspect in the verbal domain historically. This study builds upon this observation and argues that the similarities between two constructions, comparatives and experientials, are of formal nature and that the similarities originate from the semantics of these constructions. This formal account means that there is a deep connection between the two constructions and therefore explains the pattern observed by typologists (Stassen, 1985; Ansaldo, 2010). The homomorphic approach also means a simpler syntax-semantics that applies to both event-denoting (‘verbs’) and property-denoting (‘adjectives’) predicates.
Attachment status and mother–preschooler parasympathetic response to the strange situation procedure

Abstract Background Early attachment relationships are important for children's development of behavioral and physiological regulation strategies. Parasympathetic nervous system activity, indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is a key indicator of self-regulation, with links to numerous developmental outcomes. Attachment-related changes in and associations between mother and child RSA during the Strange Situation procedure (SSP) can elucidate individual differences in physiological response to stress that are important for understanding the development of and intervention for psychopathology. Methods A sample of 142 at-risk mothers and preschool-age children participated in the SSP and provided time-synchronized RSA data during the 7 episodes, which included 2 separations and 2 reunions. Attachment classifications were obtained using the Cassidy et al. (1992) coding system. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to examine attachment-related change in RSA during the SSP and the concordance between mother and child RSA over time. Results Findings demonstrated attachment-related differences in children's RSA. Secure children's RSA was relatively stable over time, whereas insecure-avoidant children showed RSA increases during the first separation and insecure-resistant children's RSA declined across the SSP. Mothers showed RSA withdrawal during separation regardless of child's attachment classification. Mother–child RSA showed a positive concordance that was strongest in the insecure-resistant group, compared with the other groups. Conclusions Results support attachment theories concerning parasympathetic response to stress and the role of the mother–child relationship in physiological regulation. Our findings advance previous research by focusing on at-risk mother–preschooler dyads within diverse attachment classifications.
Water Lilies Among the Wheat Fields : John Scott Bradstreet’s Japanese Gardening in Minneapolis

While John Scott Bradstreet’s introduction of the Japanese jin-di-sugi method of woodworking at the Minneapolis Craftshouse has been well chronicled, his work in the more ephemeral arena of Japanese gardening has not been similarly illuminated. This article considers Bradstreet’s activities as a Japanese gardener in the context of his eleven trips to Japan, examining three gardens in Minneapolis. The broader context of the introduction of Japanese gardens to the American public at World’s Fairs is also considered, along with the development of a critical perspective among design reform advocates who discriminated between an educated approach informed by the history and symbolism of Japanese gardening, versus the popular Japoniste fad for picturesque effects.
New Chemical Routes to Metal Nitrides

After a brief introduction on how the differing properties of H2O and NH3 may effect the strategies used to synthesize metal nitrides, an overview of our use of azides to produce aluminum nitride thin films will be presented. The effect of changing the nitrogen source to one which contains at least one N - C bond is to increase dramatically the carbon content of the films. Replacing the alkyl groups attached to the aluminum with hydride ligands removes the final carbon source and forms what appears to be a promising new class of precursors. This is demonstrated by the study of the reaction of Me3NGaH3 with NH3 to produce the novel trimer, [H2GaNH2]3 . This fully characterized molecule converts at 150°C into gallium nitride. Surprisingly, it yields GaN having the sphalerite structure instead of the known wurtzite phase. A discussion of the reasons for this unusual route to a new crystalline phase of GaN is included.
Hydrogen-Water Flow Regime Transitions Applied to Anode Flow Phenomena in a PEMFC

Although water is produced on the cathode side of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), it is known to migrate to the anode, where the two-phase hydrogen-water interactions become critical to keep the channels clear for effective reactant delivery. Hydrogen-water flow regime transitions were experimentally investigated and compared to air-water transitions in a 1.0 mm square channel. Gas superficial velocities were evaluated for an anode stoichiometric ratio of 2.0 over a current density range from 0.1 A/cm2 to 2.0 A/cm2 . Liquid superficial velocities were controlled at the corresponding cathodic water production rate. It is shown that the annular transition in a hydrogen system occurs at as much as twice the gas velocity required for the same transition in an air system. At the low liquid flux expected in the anode channels of a PEMFC, a transition from slug to annular two-phase flow will occur at an unobtainable velocity for efficient fuel cell operation.© 2005 ASME
Humidity Effects on Gas Turbine Performance

Moisture in the intake air of a gas turbine can affect its operation and performance in two different ways: by possible condensation in the inlet and by changing the gas properties throughout the cycle. Condensation can be controlled by restricting engine operation with limits on relative and absolute humidities. Two fundamental correction approaches for the effects of humidity on major engine parameters were investigated; they were found to compare very well. Both methods correct parameters as a function of absolute humidity, yielding corrections of between 0.1 and 0.8%, for high humidity test conditions. Additional operational, engine-specific humidity corrections were examined: some notable differences were observed. Recommendations are made for the correction of major performance data for absolute humidity.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
Research for agriculture expert system based on component grid

There are a great deal of intelligent and component resources in the agriculture web server.For the conventional service or-ganization regulations,there lie some disadvantages between the cooperational service and distribution of these components.According to the grid of component,a model-driven system structure is put forward,which is the great part of the agriculture expert system.The integrated rules among the distributional components are analyzed.Data mining components,reasoning components,the interfaces problem of assembling components and the realization of assembling components in the expert system are studied.As for the descriptions of components resource,some technical standards of the web service are adopted,the unified method of access and assembly for these components resources database on the internet are establtshed,this obtain components for the proxy server conveniently in the process of data mining.
Thermodynamic consistence of concept of exergy and its expression

That exergy is not a state function was specified.A general theoretical expression of exergy was obtained by extending its applications to special systems,like heat reservoirs and matter reservoirs.The uniqueness of exergy expression and the thermodynamic consistence with its concept were illustrated.A clear distinction was drawn(between) exergy and exergy change,which is helpful to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary disputes about the concept of exergy.The basic formulae and general approach for the calculation of the numerical values of exergy of a homogeneous mixture were presented.
Enhanced Image Processing Pipeline and Parallel Generation of Multiscale Tiles for Web-based 3D Rendering of Whole Mouse Brain Vascular Networks

Mapping out the complex vascular network in the brain is critical for understanding the transport of oxygen, nutrition, and signaling molecules. The vascular network can also provide us with clues to the relationship between neural activity and blood oxygen-related signals. Advanced high-throughput 3D imaging instruments such as the Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope (KESM) are enabling the imaging of the full vascular network in small animal brains (e.g., the mouse) at sub-micrometer resolution. The amount of data per brain (for KESM) is on the order of 2TB, thus it is a major challenge just to visualize it at full resolution. In this paper, we present an enhanced image processing pipeline for KESM mouse vascular network data set, and a parallel multi-scale tile generation system for web-based pseudo-3D rendering. The system allows full navigation of the data set at all resolution scales. We expect our approach to help in broader dissemination of large-scale, high-resolution 3D microscopy data.
Preventing dental caries: the nutritional factors.

The role of the pediatrician in encouraging healthy tooth development is defined. Recent advances in the science and art of inhibiting and controlling dental caries are presented so that the pediatrician might give convincingly authoritative advice to the mother.
Elite Motorcycle Racing: Crash Types and Injury Patterns in the MotoGP Class

Abstract Background Crashes are a small but regular feature of elite motorcycle racing. These crashes provide a novel opportunity to benchmark and analyze motorcycle crash mechanics, crash types, and associated injuries at high speeds in a cohort of riders who are well protected and in a controlled environment. Purpose The purpose was to benchmark the prevalence of injuries, categorize crash subtypes, and determine associated injury patterns. Methods This was an institutional review board–approved, prospective observational cohort study of MotoGP riders for 1 racing season in 3 venues. Accident type was determined by race-marshal report and visual analysis of race footage for each crash. Accident types were defined as lowside (falling toward the inside of the turn), highside (falling over and toward the outside of the turn), and topside (going over the handlebars of the motorcycle). Specific injuries and hospital admission data were collected using a standardized data collection form. Basic descriptive statistics were performed on all categorical variables. We used the exact binomial test examine the association between accident type and retirement from race, transport to medical building, transport to hospital, and injuries sustained. Results Crash prevalence was 9.7 per hundred rider hours. There were 78 crashes: 58 lowsides, 13 highsides, 2 topsides, and 5 indeterminate. In the lowside group (n = 58), 19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.46) riders retired, 0 required emergent transportation to the track facility or to the hospital, and 1 (95% CI, Conclusions Lowside crashes are lower risk than highside crashes. Most highside crashes are caused by oversteering to prevent an impending lowside crash. Strategies to reduce oversteering to prevent a lowside crash may reduce highside crashes, enhance the safety for riders in MotoGP racing, and be applicable to recreational motorcycle riding.
Estrogen Receptor Binding (18F-FES PET) and Glycolytic Activity (18F-FDG PET) Predict Progression-Free Survival on Endocrine Therapy in Patients with ER+ Breast Cancer.

Purpose:18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET scans measure regional estrogen binding, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures tumor glycolytic activity. We examined quantitative and qualitative imaging biomarkers of progression-free survival (PFS) in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy. Experimental Design: Ninety patients with breast cancer from an estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), HER2− primary tumor underwent FES PET and FDG PET scans prior to endocrine therapy (63% aromatase inhibitor, 22% aromatase inhibitor and fulvestrant, 15% other). Eighty-four had evaluable data for PFS prediction. Results: Recursive partitioning with 5-fold internal cross-validation used both FES PET and FDG PET measures to classify patients into three distinct response groups. FDG PET identified 24 patients (29%) with low FDG uptake, suggesting indolent tumors. These patients had a median PFS of 26.1 months (95% confidence interval, 11.2–49.7). Of patients with more FDG-avid tumors, 50 (59%) had high average FES uptake, and 10 (12%) had low average FES uptake. These groups had median PFS of 7.9 (5.6–11.8) and 3.3 months (1.4–not evaluable), respectively. Patient and tumor features did not replace or improve the PET measures9 prediction of PFS. Prespecified endocrine resistance classifiers identified in smaller cohorts did not individually predict PFS. Conclusions: A wide range of therapy regimens are available for treatment of ER+ metastatic breast cancer, but no guidelines are established for sequencing these therapies. FDG PET and FES PET may help guide the timing of endocrine therapy and selection of targeted and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy. A multicenter trial is ongoing for external validation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 407–15. ©2016 AACR.
Evaluation of a High-Resolution SPI for Monitoring Local Drought Severity

AbstractA standardized precipitation index (SPI) that uses high-resolution, daily estimates of precipitation from the National Weather Service over the contiguous United States has been developed and is referred to as HRD SPI. There are two different historical distributions computed in the HRD SPI dataset, each with a different combination of normals period (1971–2000 or 1981–2010) and clustering solution of gauge stations. For each historical distribution, the SPI is computed using the NCEP Stage IV and Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) gridded precipitation datasets for a total of four different HRD SPI products. HRD SPIs are found to correlate strongly with independently produced SPIs over the 10-yr period from 2005 to 2015. The drought-monitoring utility of the HRD SPIs is assessed with case studies of drought in the central and southern United States during 2012 and over the Carolinas during 2007–08. A monthly comparison between HRD SPIs and independently produced SPIs reveals generally ...
The role of extended criteria donors in liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

UTMB Clinical and Translational Science Award [UL1TR000071]; NIH [T32DK007639]; AHRQ [1R24HS022134]
Sleep deprivation during early-adult development results in long-lasting learning deficits in adult Drosophila.

Study Objectives: Multiple lines of evidence indicate that sleep is important for the developing brain, although little is known about which cellular and molecular pathways are affected. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the early adult life of Drosophila, which is associated with high amounts of sleep and critical periods of brain plasticity, could be used as a model to identify developmental processes that require sleep. Subjects: Wild type Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. Design; Intervention: Flies were sleep deprived on their first full day of adult life and allowed to recover undisturbed for at least 3 days. The animals were then tested for short-term memory and response-inhibition using aversive phototaxis suppression (APS). Components of dopamine signaling were further evaluated using mRNA profiling, immunohistochemistry, and pharmacological treatments. Measurements and Results: Flies exposed to acute sleep deprivation on their first day of life showed impairments in short-term memory and response inhibition that persisted for at least 6 days. These impairments in adult performance were reversed by dopamine agonists, suggesting that the deficits were a consequence of reduced dopamine signaling. However, sleep deprivation did not impact dopaminergic neurons as measured by their number or by the levels of dopamine, pale (tyrosine hydroxylase), dopadecarboxylase, and the Dopamine transporter. However, dopamine pathways were impacted as measured by increased transcript levels of the dopamine receptors D2R and dDA1. Importantly, blocking signaling through the dDA1 receptor in animals that were sleep deprived during their critical developmental window prevented subsequent adult learning impairments. Conclusions: These data indicate that sleep plays an important and phylogenetically conserved role in the developing brain.
HANDBOOK OF MINERALOGY, VOLUMEV. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. By John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona; 2003, 813 p., $130 ($97.50 for MSA members).

Finally, the long wait is over! Thirteen years after the publication of the first volume of the Handbook of Mineralogy , this popular mineral reference is complete. Volume V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates) is a very satisfying capstone to this monumental project. The previous volumes have received uniformly positive reviews (e.g., Am. Min. 77, 1122, Am. Min. 81, 524 and Am. Min. 86, 954) and Volume V deserves no less. Indeed, it is admirably consistent in style, …
Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) Regulates PPARα to Couple Fatty Acid Flux With Oxidative Capacity During Fasting

Hepatic acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) catalyzes the conversion of acyl-CoAs to fatty acids (FAs) and CoA. We sought to determine the role of ACOT1 in hepatic lipid metabolism in C57Bl/6J male mice 1 week after adenovirus-mediated Acot1 knockdown. Acot1 knockdown reduced liver triglyceride (TG) as a result of enhanced TG hydrolysis and subsequent FA oxidation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Acot1 knockdown led to greater TG turnover and FA oxidation, suggesting that ACOT1 is important for controlling the rate of FA oxidation. Despite increased FA oxidation, Acot1 knockdown reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) target genes, whereas overexpression increased PPARα reporter activity, suggesting ACOT1 regulates PPARα by producing FA ligands. Moreover, ACOT1 exhibited partial nuclear localization during fasting and cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling, suggesting local regulation of PPARα. As a consequence of increased FA oxidation and reduced PPARα activity, Acot1 knockdown enhanced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. The effects of Acot1 knockdown on PPARα activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation were rescued by supplementation with Wy-14643, a synthetic PPARα ligand. We demonstrate through these results that ACOT1 regulates fasting hepatic FA metabolism by balancing oxidative flux and capacity.
Effect of a high fat supplement in late gestation and lactation on piglet survival and performance.

The effect of 15% lipid addition to perinatal sow's diet on piglet survival and performance was investigated with 85 litters over four farrowing seasons. Sows received either control or fat supplemented diets from d 109 of gestation through d 21 of lactation. Substitution of a casein-encapsulated white grease product for corn (i.e., an increase in diet fat by 15%) increased (P less than .05) piglet weight gain (230 vs 214 g/d) and piglet survival 84.9 vs 79.1% of live born pigs to 21 d of age. Piglet survival data, analyzed by logistic regression, indicated that a 15% increase in dietary fat increased the odds of piglet survival at all birth weights. However, the probability of piglet survival was most enhanced at birth weights between 700 and 1,100 g. Over this weight range, the survival rate of piglets from sows receiving the supplement was increased by 10 percentage units. Feeding a high fat supplement increased piglet survival during the first 3 d of life and again at d 9. The results of this experiment suggest a unique effect of including a high fat supplement late in gestation on piglet survival during the first several days of life. Logistic regression was shown to be an appropriate and useful technique for analysis of factors affecting piglet survival.
Linguistic Masculinity in 1960 Presidential Campaign Rhetoric: Assessing the Role of Sociocultural Context in Shaping Voting Behavior

This study explores the potential impact of the Cold War masculinity crisis on the outcome of the 1960 United States presidential election. Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to analyze campaign speeches and debates from candidates John Kennedy and Richard Nixon, standardized “masculinity quotients” from each candidate were compared using gendered linguistic standards established by Newman et al. (2008) and a formula to quantify linguistic masculinity derived from Slatcher et al. (2007). Results reveal that Kennedy’s rhetoric was significantly more masculine in linguistic style than Nixon’s, which likely affected voters’ perceptions of each man’s masculinity and, therefore, presidential capability.
The Rise and Fall of Cheap Chinese Goods in Ecuadorian Popular Markets: The Limits of Post-Neoliberal Development in Correa's Ecuador

Resumen En contraste con sus vecinos Colombia y Peru, Ecuador ha utilizado los aranceles para regular el flujo de bienes importados de China. En esta investigacion, estoy enfocada en la ropa china y las practicas de negocio y aspiraciones economicas de dos comunidades de comerciantes paralela–uno quichua, el otro chino. Algunos operadores de fabricas textiles nacional se han beneficiado claramente de los aranceles. Sin embargo, desde la crisis fiscal “dolarizacion” de Ecuador de la decada de 2000, muchos comerciantes indigenas se han desplazado a la comercializacion Asia, especialmente los bienes fabricados en China como una tactica para preservar los medios de vida y las comunidades de la diaspora comercial. Con ganancias empujadas a cerca de cero, creditos informales, costumbres durables de la vida comercial y la cortesia profesional han llegado a asumir el papel urgente en la supervivencia de la empresa no solo individual, sino comunidades enteras comerciales. [diaspora, Ecuador, indigenas, mercados populares, migracion]
Neurological Complications of Sjögren’s Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management

Purpose of review Neurologic disease is a common extraglandular manifestation of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), the study of which has been hampered both by the lack of uniform definitions for specific neurologic complications and by the imprecision of the tools used to diagnose SS. There is a great need to develop consensus criteria for classifying these varied neurologic manifestations, as has been done in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) “Arthritis and rheumatism 42:599–608, 1999”. SS patients with certain forms of neurologic involvement, such as small fiber neuropathy and sensory ataxic ganglionopathy, frequently lack anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies and other serologic abnormalities. In these patients, neurologic disease is often their presenting manifestation, triggering a search for underlying SS. Given the frequent seronegativity of such patients, their diagnosis of SS rests heavily on the interpretation of a labial gland biopsy. However, these biopsies are prone to misinterpretation “Vivino et al. J Rheumatol 29:938–44, 2002”, and “positive” ones are found in up to 15% of healthy volunteers “Radfar et al. Arthrit Rheumatu 47:520–4, 2002”. Better diagnostic tools are needed to determine if the frequent seronegative status of these SS patients may be related to a unique disease pathogenesis. Recent findings Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have served to define a likely pathogenetic basis for certain neurologic manifestations of SS. The advent of punch skin biopsies to analyze intraepidermal nerve fiber density and morphology has helped define pure sensory small fiber neuropathy as common in SS and the basis for both length- and non-length-dependent patterns of neuropathic pain. New protocols for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled the recognition of dorsal root ganglionitis, a finding originally detected in pathologic studies. The advent of the anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody test in 2004 has led to the appreciation that demyelinating disease in SS is often related to the presence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The anti-AQP4 antibody is considered to be directly pathogenic in the brain, targeting the primary water channel proteins in the brain, expressed prominently on astrocytic foot processes. Summary There are no clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of systemic immunosuppressive therapy for peripheral or central nervous system involvement. With the recent increase in clinical trials of biologic agents for SS, which utilize systemic disease manifestations as standardized outcome measures, there is an urgency to develop appropriate definitions of neurologic complications of SS and clear parameters for clinical improvement.
Policy-regularized model predictive control to stabilize diverse quadrupedal gaits for the MIT cheetah

This paper introduces a new policy-regularized model-predictive control (PR-MPC) approach to automatically generate and stabilize a diverse set of quadrupedal gaits. Model-predictive methods offer great promise to address balance in dynamic robots, yet require the solution of challenging nonlinear optimization problems when applied to legged systems. The new proposed PR-MPC approach aims to improve the conditioning of these problems by adding regularization based on heuristic reference policies. With this approach, a unified MPC formulation is shown to generate and stabilize trotting, bounding, and galloping without retuning any cost-function parameters. Intuitively, the added regularization biases the solution of the MPC towards common heuristics from the literature that are based on simple physics. Simulation results show that PR-MPC improves the computation time and closed-loop outcomes of applying MPC to stabilize quadrupedal gaits.
Abstract P1-15-04: Outcome of small (≤1 cm), node-negative breast cancer

Background: Screening mammogram has resulted in increased diagnosis of very small breast cancers, especially less than 1 cm node negative. These small tumors have excellent prognosis with cancer-specific survival rates as high as 90% to 95%. This study evaluates outcome in different subtypes of very early breast cancer in a national population database. Method: Patients with stage I breast cancer, tumor ≤ 1cm with negative nodes (T1aN0 ( Results: We identified 70,543 cases and included 54,796 patients with stage T1aN0M0 and T1bN0M0 in the final analysis. The mean age was 62.09 yrs. (CI 95% 62.2-61.99), 84% are white, 7% black and 7% others.89% had ER positive tumor, 11% ER negative and 3% had Her 2 positive tumors.71% of patients had T1b (≤ 1cm). The 5-year disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with stage T1aN0, T1bN0 was 98.7% and 93.7%, respectively. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors were associated with improved 5-yr DSS 99% vs. 96% in ER negative (p Conclusions: Very early breast cancer is associated with excellent outcome but has some heterogeneity. Nonwhite/Non Black race was associated with better survival compared to white and black patients. ER positive tumors, and older age were also associated with better outcome. This data while reassuring also brings into question the overtreatment of this disease subset. One of the limitations of this dataset is lack of details of systemic therapy administered. Conventional prognostic factors are not sufficient to risk stratify very early breast cancer and molecular profiling may help identify patients who will need adjuvant treatment. Citation Format: Muzaffar M, Namireddy P, Naqash R, Wong J, Vohra N. Outcome of small (≤1 cm), node-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-04.
Plasma metabolite profiles in children with current asthma.

BACKGROUND Identifying metabolomic profiles of children with asthma has the potential to increase understanding of asthma pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in plasma metabolites between children with and without current asthma at mid-childhood. METHODS We used untargeted mass spectrometry to measure plasma metabolites in 237 children (46 current asthma cases and 191 controls) in Project Viva, a birth cohort from eastern Massachusetts, USA. Current asthma was assessed at mid-childhood (mean age 8.0 years). The ability of a broad spectrum metabolic profile to distinguish between cases and controls was assessed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. We used logistic regression models to identify individual metabolites that were differentially abundant by case-control status. We tested significant metabolites for replication in 411 children from the VDAART clinical trial. RESULTS There was no evidence of a systematic difference in the metabolome of children reporting current asthma vs. healthy controls according to partial least squares discriminant analysis. However, several metabolites were associated with odds of current asthma at a nominally significant threshold (P < .05), including a metabolite of nicotinamide (N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% CI 1.1-8.0)), a pyrimidine metabolite (5,6-dihydrothymine (OR = 0.4 (95% CI 0.2-0.9)), bile constituents (biliverdin (OR = 0.4 (95%CI 0.1-0.9), taurocholate (OR = 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.4)), two peptides likely derived from fibrinopeptide A (ORs from 1.6 to 1.7), and a gut microbiome metabolite (p-cresol sulphate OR = 0.5 (95% CI 0.2-0.9)). The associations for N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and p-cresol sulphate replicated in the independent VDAART population (one-sided P values = .03-.04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Current asthma is nominally associated with altered levels of several metabolites, including metabolites in the nicotinamide pathway, and a bacterial metabolite derived from the gut microbiome.
Surface Analysis of Glass by Charged Particle Analysis

Properties of glass such as chemical durability, strength and erosion resistance are determined, in part, by its surface character. This paper deals with one means of characterizing the glass surface chemical constitution by using charged particle techniques. The purpose of this study of glass surfaces was to understand certain cases of failure occurring in glass containers after extended periods of time of exposure to corrosive environments and internal pressure.