cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can supporting a cause decrease donations and happiness? The cause marketing paradox

Abstract In two laboratory and one pilot field study, we demonstrate that cause marketing, whereby firms link products with a cause and share proceeds with it, reduces charitable giving by consumers, even when it is costless to the consumer to buy on CM (versus not); further, instead of increasing total contribution to the cause, it can decrease it. Consumers appear to realize that participating in cause marketing is inherently more selfish than direct charitable donation, and are less happy if they substitute cause marketing for charitable giving. Our results suggest that egoistic and empathetic altruism may have different effects on happiness.
What Happens to Environmental Philosophy in a Wicked World

What is the significance of the wicked problems framework for environmental philosophy? In response to wicked problems, environmental scientists are starting to welcome the participation of social scientists, humanists, and the creative arts. We argue that the need for interdisciplinary approaches to wicked problems opens up a number of tasks that environmental philosophers have every right to undertake. The first task is for philosophers to explore new and promising ways of initiating philosophical research through conducting collaborative learning processes on environmental issues. The second task is for philosophers to recognize the value of philosophical skills in their engagements with members of other disciplines and walks of life in addressing wicked problems. The wicked problems framework should be seen as an important guide for facilitating philosophical research that is of relevance to problems like climate change and sustainable agriculture.
High-pressure synthesis of rhombohedral α-AgGaO2 via direct solid state reaction

Abstract In this work, we demonstrate the application of high pressure conditions to enable the direct synthesis of α-AgGaO2 via a solid state reaction of Ag2O and Ga2O3. Synthesis experiments were carried out at pressures and temperatures up to ∼10 GPa and ∼600 °C, respectively, using a resistively-heated diamond anvil cell. Thus synthesized α-AgGaO2 samples were characterized and their chemical composition and crystal structure were confirmed. In particular, electron diffraction confirmed the rhombohedral delafossite crystal structure of the synthesized AgGaO2 and its corresponding lattice parameters of a = 2.99 A and c = 18.43 A. The vibrational modes analysis was also conducted using a combination of ab initio density functional theory (DFT) and Raman spectroscopy. This analysis yielded good agreement between the calculated Raman-active modes and experimental Raman data. Finally, the application of the GGA + U formalism-based on DFT to calculate the electronic band structure of α-AgGaO2 provided a more realistic theoretical band gap value than those reported previously.
An improved attack analysis on a public-key spread spectrum watermarking

We analyze the fingerprinting method in Kirovski et al. (2002) and suggest attacks that are better than the ones presented therein. To do this, we observe and use some extra information available in the system. We derive the optimal subtractive estimation attack structure in the sense of minimizing the expected value of the watermark detector statistics. Selection of different attack channel distortion constraints are also discussed. See Zhao et al. (2003) for various recently proposed attacks on spread spectrum fingerprinting systems for private watermarking.
Preparations for the first balloon flight of the Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE)

We have developed a design for a hard X-ray Compton polarimeter operating in the energy range from 50 to 500 keV, which we refer to as GRAPE (Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment). We are currently preparing a balloon payload for a flight from Ft. Sumner, NM in the fall of 2011. Using a large (16-element) array of detector modules, this payload is being designed to search for polarization from known point sources of radiation, namely the Crab and Cygnus X-1. This first flight will not only provide a scientific demonstration of the GRAPE design (by measuring polarization from the Crab nebula), it will also lay the foundation for subsequent long duration balloon flights that will be designed for studying polarization from gamma-ray bursts and solar flares. Here we shall present data from calibration of the first flight module detectors and review the latest payload design.
Mean field equilibria of multiarmed bandit games

Much of the classical work on algorithms for multi-armed bandits focuses on rewards that are stationary over time. By contrast, we study multi-armed bandit (MAB) games, where the rewards obtained by an agent also depend on how many other agents choose the same arm (as might be the case in many competitive or cooperative scenarios). Such systems are naturally nonstationary due to the interdependent evolution of agents, and in general MAB games can be intractable to analyze using typical equilibrium concepts (such as perfect Bayesian equilibrium).We introduce a general model of multi-armed bandit games, and study the dynamics of these games under a large system approximation. We investigate conditions under which the bandit dynamics have a steady state we refer to as a mean field steady state (MFSS). In an MFSS, the proportion of agents playing the various arms, called the population profile, is assumed stationary over time; the steady state definition then requires a consistency check that this stationary profile arises from the policies chosen by the agents.We establish the following results in the paper. First, we establish existence of an MFSS under broad conditions. Second, we show under a contraction condition that the MFSS is unique, and that the population profile converges to it from any initial state. Finally, we show that under the contraction condition, MFSS is a good approximation to the behavior of finite systems with many agents. The contraction condition requires that the agent population regenerates sufficiently often, and that the sensitivity of the reward function to the population profile is low enough. Through numerical experiments, we find that in settings with negative externalities among the agents, convergence obtains even when our condition is violated; while in settings with positive externalities among the agents, our condition is tighter.
Expanded Prussian Blue Analogues Incorporating [Re6Se8(CN)6]3-/4- Clusters: Adjusting Porosity via Charge Balance

Face-capped octahedral [Re6Se8(CN)6]3-/4- clusters are used in place of octahedral [M(CN)6]3-/4- complexes for the synthesis of microporous Prussian blue type solids with adjustable porosity. The reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and [Re6Se8(CN)6]4- in aqueous solution yields, upon heating, Fe4[Re6Se8(CN)6]3·36H2O (4). A single-crystal X-ray analysis confirms the structure of 4 to be a direct expansion of Prussian blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3·14H2O), with [Re6Se8(CN)6]4- clusters connected through octahedral Fe3+ ions in a cubic three-dimensional framework. As in Prussian blue, one out of every four hexacyanide units is missing from the structure, creating sizable, water-filled cavities within the neutral framework. Oxidation of (Bu4N)4[Re6Se8(CN)6] (1) with iodine in methanol produces (Bu4N)3[Re6Se8(CN)6] (2), which is then metathesized to give the water-soluble salt Na3[Re6Se8(CN)6] (3). Reaction of [Co(H2O)6]2+ or [Ni(H2O)6]2+ with 3 in aqueous solution affords Co3[Re6Se8(CN)6]2·25H2O (5) or Ni3[Re6Se8(CN)6]2·33H2O...
Kernelization for cycle transversal problems

We present new kernelization results for two problems, s-cycle transversal and (@?s)-cycle transversal, when s is 4 or 5. We show that 4-cycle transversal and @?4-cycle transversal admit 6k^2 vertex kernels in general graphs. We then prove NP-completeness of s-cycle transversal and (@?s)-cycle transversal in planar graphs for s>3. We show the following linear vertex kernels in planar graphs-a 74k vertex kernel for 4-cycle transversal; a 32k vertex kernel for (@?4)-cycle transversal; a 266k vertex kernel for (@?5)-cycle transversal.
To Game or Not to Game: Teaching Transportation Planning with Board Games:

Traditional "chalk and talk" teaching in civil engineering is gradually being replaced with active learning that focuses on encouraging students to discover knowledge with innovative pedagogical methods and tools. One interesting such tool is the board game. This research examines the efficacy of adopting transportation board games as a tool in graduate-level transportation planning and transportation economics classes at the University of Minnesota from 2008 to 2011. The Department of Civil Engineering offered these courses with transportation board games on weekday nights. Students were asked to evaluate the effects of the games on their learning and to write self-reflective essays about their findings. The postgame survey revealed that the students' understanding of the planning process, network deployment, and practical issues, and their ability to form opinions about transportation planning had improved. Student essays on the game economy and its implications on planning further validated that the le...
Nuclear Luminosities and Radio Loudness of Seyfert Nuclei

Historically, Seyfert nuclei have been considered to be radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We question this widely held assumption by showing that the distribution of the radio-to-optical luminosity ratio, R ? L?(6 cm)/L?(B), when properly measured for the nuclear component, places the majority of type 1 Seyfert nuclei in the category of radio-loud AGNs, defined here as objects with R ? 10. This result is further strengthened by strong correlations found between radio power and optical continuum and emission-line luminosities, as has been established previously for more powerful AGNs. We also present a new calibration of the relation between optical continuum and Balmer emission-line luminosities valid in the regime of low-luminosity AGNs.
Delay efficient scheduling via redundant constraints in multihop networks

We consider the problem of delay-efficient scheduling in general multihop networks. While the class of max-weight type algorithms are known to be throughput optimal for this problem, they typically incur undesired delay performance. In this paper, we propose the Delay-Efficient SCheduling algorithm (DESC). DESC is built upon the idea of accelerating queues (AQ), which are virtual queues that quickly propagate the traffic arrival information along the routing paths. DESC is motivated by the use of redundant constraints to accelerate convergence in the classic optimization context. We show that DESC is throughput-optimal. The delay bound of DESC can be better than previous bounds of the max-weight type algorithms which did not use such traffic information. We also show that under DESC, the service rates allocated to the flows converge quickly to their target values and the average total ''network service lag'' is small. In particular, when there are O(1) flows and the rate vector is of @Q(1) distance away from the boundary of the capacity region, the average total ''service lag'' only grows linearly in the network size.
When is better best? A multiobjective perspective.

Purpose: To identify the most informative methods for reporting results of treatment planning comparisons. Methods: Seven articles from the past year of International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics reported on comparisons of treatment plans for IMRT and IMAT. The articles were reviewed to identify methods of comparisons. Decision theoretical concepts were used to evaluate the study methods and highlight those that provide the most information. Results: None of the studies examined the correlation between objectives. Statistical comparisons provided some information but not enough to provide support for a robust decision analysis. Conclusions: The increased use of treatment planning studies to evaluate different methods in radiation therapy requires improved standards for designing the studies and reporting the results.
Introducing real world design problems into the undergraduate electromagnetic curriculum

General-purpose CAD (computer-aided design) programs have been used to teach electromagnetics to undergraduates at Carnegie Mellon University. The focus of the instruction is the use of real-world design problems to teach basic electromagnetics concepts. Students use computers to set up and solve a variety of electrostatics, magnetostatics, eddy current, and microwave problems. This gives them the opportunity to visualize EM fields and to interact with real-world devices and issues. Experience shows that solving such problems by means of electromagnetic CAD tools boosts student motivation and leads to a better grasp of key technical concepts. >
Smuggling, Camouflaging, and Market Structure

We examine how market structure and enforcement affect smuggling and welfare in a model where smuggling is camouflaged by legal sales. Conditions are given for when some, but not necessarily all, firms smuggle. With camouflaging, the market price is below the price when all sales are legal, so smuggling improves welfare if the price effect outweighs excess smuggling cost. This welfare effect is directly related to the degree of competition. Increased enforcement in this model potentially reduces welfare. The model is shown to be consistent with evidence on cigarette smuggling in the United States for 1975–1982.
Bis(alkylthio)carbenes as Novel Reagents for Organic Synthesis

Abstract Bis(alkylthio)carbenes have been shown to be a useful class of reactive intermediates for applications to organic synthesis. Substituted hydroindolones, isatins and hydroquinolones can be prepared by the addition of these carbenes to vinyl isocyanates.
Thin Film Metallization of Oxides in Microelectronics

Abstract The factors affecting adhesion are reviewed, and it is shown that the structure of the interfacial region is probably a controlling factor in film adhesion. Nucleation, film growth and surface effects control the structure of the interfacial region and may determine the adhesion obtained. The adhesion stability of a metallization system may be determined by processing and service requirements. Specific metallization systems in common use in the microelectronics industry are discussed together with their applications and limitations.
Existing and Emerging Methods for Integrating Theories within and between Disciplines

AbstractOur conceptual systems (including theories, models, policies, and schema) all help us to understand our world. For highly complex situations such as those found in natural systems and service systems, it is important to understand them from an interdisciplinary perspective because these real-world systems do not respect the boundaries of any single discipline. While many conceptual systems exist, they have not proven to be highly effective for understanding issues that are the focus of their disciplines. Still fewer conceptual systems have been developed that cut across disciplinary boundaries — and they have not been shown to be any more effective than their mono-disciplinary companions. This article investigates emerging and existing methods for creating and integrating theories within and between disciplines. This includes ‘soft’ methods (ad-hoc, cherry-picking, and intuitive) as well as ‘rigorous’ (formal grounded theory (FGT), reflexive dimensional analysis (RDA), and integrative propositiona...
Evolution of D-branes under closed string tachyon condensation

We study the evolution of stable D-branes of /n and twisted circle theories in the process of closed string tachyon condensation. We interpret the fractional branes in these backgrounds as type-II branes wrapping (`blown up') cycles, and trace the evolution of the corresponding cycles under tachyon condensation. We also study RG flows of the corresponding = 2 boundary conformal field theories. We find flows along which fractional D-branes either disappear or evolve into other fractional D-branes, and other flows along which bulk branes either disappear or evolve into stable branes.
A Search for Ultraviolet Emission from LINERs

We have obtained Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 ultraviolet (UV) 2200 A and optical V-band images of 20 low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, most of which are spectroscopically classified as LINERs, in order to search for a possible photoionizing continuum. Six (30%) of the galaxies are detected in the UV. Two of the detected galaxies (NGC 3642 and NGC 4203) have compact, unresolved nuclear UV sources, while the remaining four UV sources (in NGC 4569, NGC 5005, NGC 6500, and NGC 7743) are spatially extended. Combining our data set with the earlier sample of Maoz et al., we find that the probability of detection of a nuclear UV source is greatest for galaxies having low internal reddening and low inclination, and we conclude that dust obscuration is the dominant factor determining whether or not a UV source is detected. Large emission-line equivalent widths and the presence of broad-line emission also increase the likelihood of detection of nuclear UV emission. Our results suggest that the majority of LINERs harbor obscured nuclear UV sources, which may be either accretion-powered active nuclei or young star clusters. Under the assumption that the compact UV sources in NGC 3642 and NGC 4203 have nonstellar spectra of slope fν ∝ ν-1 extending into the extreme ultraviolet, the extrapolated ionizing fluxes are sufficiently strong to photoionize the narrow-line regions of these objects. The V-band images of many galaxies in our sample reveal remarkably strong dust lanes that may be responsible for obscuring some UV sources.
Nonprofit Performance: Accounting for the Agency of Clients

Performance is a key concern for nonprofits providing human services. Yet our understanding of what drives performance remains incomplete. Existing outcome measurement systems track the programmati...
Intrinsic complements of equiregular sub-Riemannian manifolds

Under a nondegeneracy condition, we show that an equiregular sub-Riemannian manifold of step size \(r\) admits a canonical, \(V\)-rigid complement defined from the sub-Riemannian data that is preserved the by action of sub-Riemannian isometries. We explore how the existence of such a complement relates to results from the literature and study the step size 2 case in more detail.
Analysis of sandwich panels for an energy efficient and self-supporting residential roof

The structural and thermal feasibility of a self-supporting sandwich panel for energy efficient residential roof applications is assessed. The assessment is limited to symmetric sandwich panels comprising two face sheets and an insulating core. Feasible panel designs are presented for loading conditions, corresponding to southern and northern climates in the United States. The base case panel is 5.5 m long for a nominal 4.6 m horizontal span and an 8/12 roof pitch. Face sheet materials considered are oriented strand board, steel, and fiber reinforced plastic. Core materials considered are expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, and poly(vinyl-chloride) foams. A wide range of material options meet building code limits on deflection and weight and prevent face sheet fracture and buckling, and core shear failure. Panels are identified that have structural depths similar to conventional wood rafter construction. Shortening the overall panel length provides greater choice in the use of materials and decreases the required panel thickness. Suggestions for improved panel designs address uncertainty in the ability of the plastic core to withstand long term loading over the expected life of residential buildings.
Solution-adaptive grid generation using parabolic partial differential equations

A solution-adaptive parabolic grid generation scheme has been developed. A new upwind finite-volume formulation for space marching solution of the steady Euler equations is also presented. In addition, a solution- adaptive elliptic grid scheme developed previously and applied to unsteady flow solutions is applied in the present steady-flow context. Solutions for hypersonic flow are computed with the present finite-volume formulation coupled to both the parabolic and elliptic adaptive grid schemes. The results show that the solution-adaptive parabolic scheme produces grids that track the flow features of interest as well as the elliptic grid procedure. This is significant because the parabolic procedure is much faster than an elliptic scheme producing a grid in an order of magnitude of less computational time
The Sears acquisition: a retrospective case study of value detection

Purpose – This paper introduces the base‐case‐valuation pattern, which is derived from the modern Graham and Dodd valuation methodology, and it demonstrates how that pattern could be utilized in M&A by way of a case study.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study of the 2004 acquisition of Sears by hedge‐fund manager Eddie Lampert. It draws on previously published Graham and Dodd methodological materials as well as Sears' publicly available financial information. The valuation calculations presented in the case is the sole work of the author.Findings – The results of the case suggest that base‐case valuation could be practically utilized in M&A. Significantly, it could also be utilized in the formulation of an M&A‐negotiating strategy, shareholder‐communication plan, and performance‐improvement plan.Research limitations/implications – The paper demonstrates how that acquisition contained a reasonable margin‐of safety, or price discount to estimated value, even though it occurred at a m...
On the Relation between Peak Luminosity and Parent Population of Type Ia Supernovae: A New Tool for Probing the Ages of Distant Galaxies

We study the properties of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as functions of the radial distance from their host galaxy centers. Using a sample of 62 SNe Ia with reliable luminosity, reddening, and decline rate determinations, we find no significant radial gradients of SNe Ia peak absolute magnitudes or decline rates in elliptical + S0 galaxies, suggesting that the diversity of SN properties is not related to the metallicity of their progenitors. We do find that the range in brightness and light curve width of supernovae in spiral galaxies extends to brighter, broader values. These results are interpreted as support for an age, but not metallicity, related origin of the diversity in SNe Ia. If confirmed with a larger and more accurate sample of data, the age-luminosity relation would offer a new and powerful tool to probe the ages and age gradients of stellar populations in galaxies at redshift as high as z ~ 1-2. The absence of significant radial gradients in the peak (B-V)0 and (V-I)0 colors of SNe Ia supports the reddening correction method of Phillips et al. We find no radial gradient in residuals from the SN Ia luminosity-width relation, suggesting that the relation is not affected by properties of the progenitor populations and supporting the reliability of cosmological results based upon the use of SNe Ia as distance indicators.
Predicting the level of B2B e-commerce in industrial organizations

Abstract Through the use of business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B e-commerce), leading companies are transforming interorganizational transaction processing, trading, and collaboration into a competitive advantage. The research empirically examines several models with B2B e-commerce overall use as the dependent variable and innovation characteristics, context, channel factors, and organizational structure as the predictor variables. The results demonstrate that compatibility with existing systems, cooperative norms with customers, lateral integration within a firm, technocratic specialization, and decentralization of information technology decisions facilitate B2B e-commerce overall use. In addition, large firms are more likely than small firms to have greater levels of B2B e-commerce and firms are more likely to use B2B e-commerce with customers that use recommendations rather than threats to encourage e-commerce use.
Disclosures in Audit Committee Charters and Reports

In response to recent criticisms of audit committee performance, new SEC and stock exchange rules require companies to prepare an audit committee charter and to publish the charter in their proxy statement at least once every three years. Audit committees also must disclose how they discharged their responsibilities during the year. We study the disclosures in audit committee charters and reports by examining a random sample of 150 proxy statements filed in Spring 2001. The primary purposes of this analysis are to understand audit committee activities and to identify possible areas for further audit committee reform. We find that what audit committees say they are doing in their reports differs from what their charters say the committee should be doing. There is a generally high level of compliance with mandated audit committee disclosures, such as disclosures related to reviewing and discussing the financial statements with management. However, voluntary disclosure of audit committee activities was more ...
Reliability of hospital cost profiles in inpatient surgery.

Background With increased policy emphasis on shifting risk from payers to providers through mechanisms such as bundled payments and accountable care organizations, hospitals are increasingly in need of metrics to understand their costs relative to peers. However, it is unclear whether Medicare payments for surgery can reliably compare hospital costs. Methods We used national Medicare data to assess patients undergoing colectomy, pancreatectomy, and open incisional hernia repair from 2009 to 2010 ( n = 339,882 patients). We first calculated risk-adjusted hospital total episode payments for each procedure. We then used hierarchical modeling techniques to estimate the reliability of total episode payments for each procedure and explored the impact of hospital caseload on payment reliability. Finally, we quantified the number of hospitals meeting published reliability benchmarks. Results Mean risk-adjusted total episode payments ranged from $13,262 (standard deviation [SD] $14,523) for incisional hernia repair to $25,055 (SD $22,549) for pancreatectomy. The reliability of hospital episode payments varied widely across procedures and depended on sample size. For example, mean episode payment reliability for colectomy (mean caseload, 157) was 0.80 (SD 0.18), whereas for pancreatectomy (mean caseload, 13) the mean reliability was 0.45 (SD 0.27). Many hospitals met published reliability benchmarks for each procedure. For example, 90% of hospitals met reliability benchmarks for colectomy, 40% for pancreatectomy, and 66% for incisional hernia repair. Conclusion Episode payments for inpatient surgery are a reliable measure of hospital costs for commonly performed procedures, but are less reliable for lower volume operations. These findings suggest that hospital cost profiles based on Medicare claims data may be used to benchmark efficiency, especially for more common procedures.
The problems of ageing

Abstract I present a brief overview of observational, modeling and theoretical issues related to ageing calculations based on spectral steepening. These include problems such as inhomogeneous magnetic fields, diffusion of relativistic particles, confusion from multiple particle populations and particle acceleration. Although some of the effects are only of order unity, others call into question the entire ageing paradigm. I refer to and show some data illustrating these problems and make a few recommendations about how we should proceed given these uncertainties.
Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Abstract Background: To date, there have been no published data on 12-month comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorders in the general U.S. population. The purposes of the present study were to examine the prevalence and comorbidity of alcohol and specific drug use disorders, and to identify sociodemographic and psychopathologic correlates and treatment seeking among three groups of respondents: (1) those with alcohol use disorders only; (2) those with drug use disorders only; (3) those with comorbid alcohol and drug use disorders. Methods: Information on 12-month alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States was derived from face-to-face interviews in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA) 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC: n = 43,093). Results: Prevalences were 7.35% for alcohol use disorders only, 0.90% for drug use disorder only and 1.10% for comorbid alcohol and drug use disorders. Sociodemographic and psychopathologic correlates of these three groups were quite different, with the drug use disorder and comorbid groups significantly more likely to be young, male, never married and of lower socioeconomic status than the alcohol use disorder only group. Associations between current alcohol use disorders and 25 specific drug use disorders were generally positive and statistically significant. The 12-month prevalence of treatment seeking significantly increased from 6.06% for those with an alcohol use disorder only to 15.63% for those with a drug use disorder only, and to 21.76% for those with comorbid alcohol and drug use disorders. Conclusions: This study provides detailed data on the homotypic comorbidity of alcohol use disorders and 25 different drug use disorders and confirms the high levels of association seen in previous studies based on lifetime measures. Implications of this study are discussed in terms of integrating alcohol and drug treatment services and refining prevention and intervention efforts.
Development of ruthenium catalysts for the enantioselective synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphines via nucleophilic phosphido intermediates.

This work details the development of ruthenium(II) catalysts for the enantioselective alkylation of chiral racemic secondary phosphines. The reactions proceed through the intermediacy of nucleophilic phosphido species, which have low barriers to pyramidal inversion; this allows for a dynamic kinetic asymmetric alkylation. The initially discovered [((R)-iPr-PHOX)2Ru(H)][BPh4] (6) catalyst was found to be effective in the reaction with benzylic chlorides; moreover, the alkylation displayed an unusual temperature dependence. However, the limited scope of alkylation of 6 motivated further studies which led to the development of two complementary chiral mixed ligand Ru(II) catalysts of type [L1L2Ru(H)]+. These catalysts were derived from a combination of one chiral and one achiral ligand, where a synergistic interaction of the two ligands creates an effective asymmetric environment around the ruthenium center. The (R)-MeO-BiPHEP/dmpe (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) catalyst (10) was found to be effec...
Path Coverings with Prescribed Ends in Faulty Hypercubes

We discuss the existence of vertex disjoint path coverings with prescribed ends for the $$n$$n-dimensional hypercube with or without deleted vertices. Depending on the type of the set of deleted vertices and desired properties of the path coverings we establish the minimal integer $$m$$m such that for every $$n \ge m$$n?m such path coverings exist. Using some of these results, for $$k \le 4$$k≤4, we prove Locke's conjecture that a hypercube with $$k$$k deleted vertices of each parity is Hamiltonian if $$n \ge k +2.$$n?k+2. Some of our lemmas substantially generalize known results of I. Havel and T. Dvořak. At the end of the paper we formulate some conjectures supported by our results.
A Study of Transient Response of Flexible Rotors in High Speed Turbomachinery

In many applications the design operating range of the turbomachinery may be well above the rotor first critical speed which leads to the problem of insuring that the turbomachinery performs with a stable, low-level amplitude of vibration.Under certain conditions of high speed and loading the rotor system can start orbiting in its bearing at a rate which is less than the rotor angular speed, and this phenomena is commonly known as whirling or whipping action. This whipping action may produce additional undesirable dynamic loads on the overall flexible assembly and eventually destroy the rotor. Some of this action is also transient in nature.Whirling is a self-exited vibration caused mainly by the fluid bearings and by the internal friction damping of the rotor. To understand this occurrence, a general dynamic mathematical model was derived considering also the complete viscous characteristic of hydrodynamic journal bearings.The general equations of motions of the system are obtained from Lagrange’s equation of motion. The system kinetic, potential, and dissipation functions are determined based on the generalized coordinates of the system.The journal displacements are related to the overall dynamics of the rotor using deformable bearings. The loads acting at the journals of the shaft are integrated from the fluid film pressure distribution in the journal bearings using mobility method.A unique mathematical model is formulated and solved. This model includes the elastic and inertial properties of the flexible rotor, the elastic, damping and inertial properties of supports and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the journal bearings.The equations of motions result in a system of nonlinear second order differential equations which are solved by using finite difference method. The solution of the equations of motions is used to plot maps of motion of journal centers.A computer program was implemented to aid in the solution of the system of equations and to verify analytical model. The computer program used test data available in literature and the results were compared to be very good.The analytical model and results obtained in this study can be of great help to designers of high speed turbomachinery.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
A Hot Wind from the Classical T Tauri Stars: TW Hydrae and T Tauri

Spectroscopy of the infrared He I (10830 A) line with NIRSPEC on Keck and CSHELL at the IRTF, and of the ultraviolet C III (977 A) and O VI (1032 A) emission with FUSE, reveals that the classical T Tauri star TW Hydrae exhibits P Cygni profiles, line asymmetries, and absorption indicative of a continuous, fast (~400 km s-1), hot (~300,000 K) accelerating outflow with a mass-loss rate ~10-11 to 10-12 M☉ yr-1 or larger. Spectra of T Tau N appear consistent with such a wind. The source of the emission and outflow seems restricted to the stars themselves. Although the mass accretion rate is an order of magnitude less for TW Hya than for T Tau, the outflow reaches higher velocities at chromospheric temperatures in TW Hya. Winds from young stellar objects may be substantially hotter and faster than previously thought.
A Microprocessor-Based Data-Acquisition System for Stall/Spin Research

Accurate data are necessary for the identification of aerodynamic parameters at high angle of attack and in spinning flight. Modern sensors and microelectronic devices are employed in a stall/spin data acquisition system that will be tested in a Schweizer 2-32 sailplane. This instrumentation package will use a quaternion-based ?strapdown IMU? algorithm to derive vehicle attitude from angular rate data, and it will use fault-detection logic to identify inflight sensor failures. Details of the system and flight test program are presented, together with results of preflight digital simulation analysis.
Fragmentation of cyclopropylmethoxychlorocarbene: Formation of cyclopropylcarbinyl/chloride ion pairs

Abstract The decomposition of cyclopropylmethyloxychlorodiazirine in MeCN proceeds via N 2 and CO loss, mainly to tight cyclopropylcarbinyl cation-chloride anion pairs that collapse to C 4 chlorides with substantial skeletal and label retention; the ion pairs can be intercepted by ethanol with less skeletal retention.
A concise formal total synthesis of lactimidomycin.

A formal total synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product lactimidomycin has been achieved in nine steps from (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid. The 12-membered lactone was efficiently formed via a copper-catalyzed ene–yne coupling/alkyne reduction tandem reaction.
Empirical Relations Involving the Hyperons and Baryon Isobars

Three mass relations are pointed out that may be useful in extending a model of e (as Fe/sup 59 -N interactions to strange particles and hyperon isobars. (C.E.S.)
Google Book Search Libraries and Their Digital Copies

The Google Book Search Library Project has partnered with an array of impressive libraries, including Harvard University, the University of California System, University of Michigan, and the New York Public Library. The reasons for collaborating with Google to further book digitization are different for each library. Moreover, the exact way in which these libraries will use their own digital copies has yet to be decided for many of the libraries involved. While the Google Book Search Library Project remains controversial, the Google library partners are seizing an unprecedented opportunity to amplify the scale of their pre-existing digitization initiatives.
Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine as traceless reagent for mitsunobu reactions in combinatorial chemistry: Synthesis of aryl ethers from phenols and alcohols

Abstract The synthesis of aryl ethers from phenols and alcohols using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicar☐ylate (DEAD) is described. The polymer-bound triphenylphosphines are easily removed by filtration from the reaction products. This method is operationally simple and provides the products with high purity and in good yields.
Homeland security data mining using social network analysis

The tragic events of September 11th have caused drastic effects on many aspects of society. Academics in the fields of computational and information science have been called upon to help enhance the governmentpsilas ability to fight terrorism and other crimes. Keeping in mind the special characteristics of crimes and security-related data, data mining techniques can contribute in six areas of research: information sharing and collaboration, security association mining, classification and clustering, intelligence text mining, spatial and temporal crime pattern mining, and criminal/terrorist network analysis. Grounded on social network analysis (SNA) research, criminal network analysis and terrorist network analysis have been shown to be most promising for public safety and homeland security. Based on the University of Arizonapsilas highly successful COPLINK and Dark Web projects, we will discuss relevant SNA for ldquodark networksrdquo (criminal and terrorist networks). Selected techniques, examples, and case studies will be presented based on gang/narcotic networks, US extremist networks, Al Qaeda member networks, and international Jihadist web site and forum networks. Unique homeland security challenges and future directions will also be presented.
Diff-Max: Separation of routing and scheduling in backpressure-based wireless networks

Backpressure routing and scheduling, with throughput-optimal operation guarantee, is a promising technique to improve throughput in wireless multi-hop networks. Although backpressure is conceptually viewed as layered, the decisions of routing and scheduling are made jointly, which imposes several challenges in practice. In this work, we present Diff-Max, an approach that separates routing and scheduling and has three strengths: (i) Diff-Max improves throughput significantly, (ii) the separation of routing and scheduling makes practical implementation easier by minimizing cross-layer operations; i.e., routing is implemented in the network layer and scheduling is implemented in the link layer, and (iii) the separation of routing and scheduling leads to modularity; i.e., routing and scheduling are independent modules in Diff-Max, and one can continue to operate even if the other does not. Our approach is grounded in a network utility maximization (NUM) formulation and its solution. Based on the structure of Diff-Max, we propose two practical schemes: Diff-subMax and wDiff-subMax. We demonstrate the benefits of our schemes through simulation in ns-2.
Solvent free selective dehydrogenation of indolic and carbazolic molecules with an iridium pincer catalyst

A previously known iridium POCOP pincer catalyst was found to selectively dehydrogenate the heterocyclic portion of several indolic and carbazolic molecules. These molecules were found to have an “activity window” (172–178 °C) upon which only the heterocyclic ring underwent dehydrogenation. All reactions were run solvent free, yields for selected substrates were excellent, and the products were isolated by either distillation or alumina plug filtration.
Synthesis and redox reactivity of the thermally unstable mixed-metal arachno cluster Fe2(CO)6(μ3-S)2Cu(η5-Cp*)

Abstract The reaction between Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ 2 -S) 2 ( 1 ) and (THF)Cu(η 5 -Cp*) (where Cp* = C 5 Me 5 ) has been examined in THF at −78 °C. Rapid and efficient insertion of the carbene like fragment Cu(η 5 -Cp*) into the SS bond of 1 affords the mixed-metal arachno cluster Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ 3 -S) 2 Cu(η 5 -Cp*) ( 2 ). Reaction of 1 with LiEt 3 BH and MeLi at −78 °C gives the corresponding cluster radical anion Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ 3 -S) 2 Cu(η 5 -Cp*) ·− ( 3 ) without the spectroscopic intermediacy of CO-based reduction products. The thermal stability of 2 and 3 is described.
Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and human disease

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated by the DNA polymerase g in concert with accessory proteins such as the mtDNA helicase, single stranded DNA binding protein, topoisomerase, and initiating factors. Nucleotide precursors for mtDNA replication arise from the mitochondrial salvage pathway originating from transport of nucleosides, or alternatively from cytoplasmic reduction of ribonucleotides. Defects in mtDNA replication or nucleotide metabolism can cause mitochondrial genetic diseases due to mtDNA deletions, point mutations, or depletion which ultimately cause loss of oxidative phosphorylation. These genetic diseases include mtDNA depletion syndromes such as Alpers or early infantile hepatocerebral syndromes, and mtDNA deletion disorders, such as progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), ataxia-neuropathy, or mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). This review focuses on our current knowledge of genetic defects of mtDNA replication (POLG, POLG2, C10orf2) and nucleotide metabolism (TYMP, TK2, DGOUK, and RRM2B) that cause instability of mtDNA and mitochondrial disease.
Quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study instrument.

Abstract ▪Objective:To assess the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immun...
Advanced time domain method for remote wind farms with LFAC transmission systems: Power transfer and harmonics

This paper presents an advanced time domain model for systems of remote wind farms connected to the power grid via low frequency AC transmission (LFAC). This system contains standard converters as well as cyclo-converters. The time domain model is based on the quadratic integration method. Specifically, the method consist of two steps: (a) quadratization of the models of the constituent parts of the system, and (b) quadratic integration of the quadratic models. The proposed time domain models by the application of the quadratic integration have been demonstrated to be accurate, robust, and reliable as compared to those by the application of other integration methods such as the trapezoidal integration. The goal of this paper is to present this time domain method and the performance of wind farms connected to the power grid via LFAC transmission. Several examples of wind farms with LFAC transmission systems interconnected by a phase-controlled three-phase cycloconverter are presented.
The image of self-intersecting QCD strings in four dimensions

Abstract We numerically examine the self-dual solutions of self-intersecting strings immersed in four dimension. By fixing a frame of reference we are able to show that self-intersecting open strings admit world sheets topologies that are able to support monopole/anti-monopole structures. Furthermore we identify the topologies that can lead to q – q production and annihilation and numerically estimate the production rate for different instantons. We find an upper bound on the production rate and use that to estimate the string tension μ . By examining the pullback of γ 5 onto the string world sheet we show that regions of chiral symmetry breaking can exist where the string world sheet self-intersects with itself lending credence to the relationship of self-intersecting strings and instantons. We are also able to show that for torus knots, the intersection number ν=4(p−q) which validates an earlier conjectures. A program written in MAPLE is supplied to exhibit the animations of the torus knots in four dimensions. These animations are located at the website http://www-hep.physics.uiowa.edu/~bacus/research.html “Animation Control Panel”.
Nonlinear flight control using neural networks

The theoretical developmentofa direct adaptivetracking controlarchitectureusingneuralnetworks ispresented. Emphasis is placed on utilization of neural networks in a  ight control architecture based on feedback linearization of the aircraft dynamics. Neural networks are used to represent the nonlinear inverse transformation needed for feedback linearization. Neural networks may be  rst trained off line using a nominalmathematicalmodel, which provides an approximate inversion that can accommodate the total  ight envelope. Neural networks capable of on-line learning are required to compensate for inversion error, which may arise from imperfect modeling, approximate inversion, or sudden changes in aircraft dynamics. A stable weights adjustment rule for the on-line neural network is derived. Under mild assumptions on the nonlinearities representing the inversion error, the adaptation algorithm ensures that all of the signals in the loop are uniformly bounded and that the weights of the on-line neural network tend to constant values. Simulation results for an F-18 aircraft model are presented to illustrate the performance of the on-line neural network based adaptation algorithm.
Topology of non-negatively curved manifolds

We study the topology of various sphere bundles over $$\hbox {CP}^{2}$$ which admit a metric with non-negative sectional curvature. We then compare their diffeomorphism types with known examples of positively curved manifolds, in particular Eschenburg spaces.