cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Water–Gas Shift: Role of Pretreatment on Formation of Surface Carbonates and Formates

Recently, the role of ceria vacancies on water–gas shift activity has been explained in terms of a redox mechanism, whereby CO adsorbed on a metal reduces the ceria surface to generate CO2, and water reoxidizes the ceria surface to CeO2, liberating hydrogen in the process. In this study, we examine the possibility of a ceria-mediated redox mechanism by examining more closely the evolution of carbonate and formate bands under different controlled treatment environments, and utilizing different reduction procedures. Earlier it was claimed that the decomposition of carbonates by water was consistent with a redox process, whereby the CO2 product could spillover to the support. We found that the observation of carbonate formation and decomposition by water was a result of the treatment procedure used in the earlier work, and that, once bridging OH groups are produced in the presence of water, the reaction more likely proceeds via a formate intermediate, which is produced by reaction of CO with the active bridging OH groups. However, the vacancies appear to play an important role in generating these active sites. Possible pathways to active site generation are discussed.
Surface chemistry mediates thermal transport in three-dimensional nanocrystal arrays

Arrays of ligand-stabilized colloidal nanocrystals with size-tunable electronic structure are promising alternatives to single-crystal semiconductors in electronic, optoelectronic and energy-related applications. Hard/soft interfaces in these nanocrystal arrays (NCAs) create a complex and uncharted vibrational landscape for thermal energy transport that will influence their technological feasibility. Here, we present thermal conductivity measurements of NCAs (CdSe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, Fe3O4 and Au) and reveal that energy transport is mediated by the density and chemistry of the organic/inorganic interfaces, and the volume fractions of nanocrystal cores and surface ligands. NCA thermal conductivities are controllable within the range 0.1-0.3 W m(-1) K(-1), and only weakly depend on the thermal conductivity of the inorganic core material. This range is 1,000 times lower than the thermal conductivity of silicon, presenting challenges for heat dissipation in NCA-based electronics and photonics. It is, however, 10 times smaller than that of Bi2Te3, which is advantageous for NCA-based thermoelectric materials.
Survey of the storage evolution

The storage market is in a state of transition on several fronts. This seems to be a time where noteworthy technologies are evolving that will have long-term impacts on information technology and high performance computing (HPC). Two of the more important evolutions in the storage arena are the serialization of storage access mechanisms, and efforts to access storage via IP networks. While these two efforts are not necessarily related, they are both seen by many storage vendors as defining trends in the industry. We focus on these two IO bus level evolutionary trends in particular, and how we can expect them to affect HPC users.
Improved two‐dimensional echocardiographic technique for left ventricular aneurysm detection

In order to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of a new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting left ventricular aneurysms, 16 patients suspected of having aneurysms were evaluated prospectively. Left ventricular angiography demonstrated aneurysms in 15 of the 16 patients. All 15 were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography but three were identified only in a view rotated 45 degrees clockwise from the apical four-chamber view. The analysis of 16 wall segments for each patient showed excellent agreement between two observers. Therefore, two-dimensional echocardiography, utilizing four apical views 45 degrees apart, is reliable and reproducible for the detection of left ventricular aneurysms.
The Social Adaptation of Marginal Religious Movements in America

This article is about the movement-environment relationships of American marginal religious movements. It adds to the literature about the tensions surrounding contemporary movements by utilizing evidence from a historically broad range of cases, and by more broadly conceptualizing the conflict that surrounds them as existing within a range of social adaptation possibilities. Two temporal patterns of social adaptation for movements in America society are suggested. Within the context of a modified societal reaction framework we suggest characteristics of movements and the varieties of opposition and oppositional coalitions that are likely to result in different positive and negative locations on a social adaptation continuum. The relationship between social adaptation and the longer-term survival and success of marginal religious movements is discussed. The "cult controversy" has mellowed, but scholarly interest in marginal religious movements (MRMs) continues, with its focus shifting from earlier descriptive studies of MRMs and the social controversy surrounding them to more conceptual and theoretical issues (Shupe, 1988, Hargrove, 1988; Robbins, 1988; Ebaugh, 1990). This article continues these developments by explicating one dimension of movement-environment relations in a broader yet more coherent way than have previous studies. We examine processes of social adaptation of MRMs in America in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We attempt a "joint venture" which is, we hope, responsive to recent calls for closer connection between religious history and the sociology of religion, and for more integration between the study of religious movements and social movements in general (Hackett, 1989:461; Hannigan, 1991). Three observations inform the focus of our analysis. First is America's extreme fecundity in producing MRMs, as well as their pervasiveness throughout United States history. Ahlstrom (1972:441) identified over 120 such movements in the antebellum nineteenth century, while Melton argues that there are between 500-600 MRMs today (1986:47). These estimates are surely conservative. Thus, rather than being "new," the effervescence of the so-called new religions of the 1970s should be viewed as "the continuation of a venerable tradition" (Ahlstrom, 1978:19), and as indicative of a normal rather than an exceptional state of the American system. We
Behavioral Assessment of Occupational Skills of Learning Disabled Adolescents

Little information is available on the levels of basic living skills of learning disabled adolescents. Using direct observation techniques, this study analyzed the differences in levels of occupational skills between LD youths and their non-LD peers. The results showed low levels of employment-related skills for both groups of high school adolescents. However, the non-LD high school students performed significantly better on the job-related skills than their LD peers. These differences were more marked for nonsocial interaction skills than for social skills. These findings suggest the need for methods of teaching LD youths the skills of finding and retaining employment.
Theoretical Studies of Reactions at Transition Metal Centers

For normal organic molecules, systematic studies in recent years have established the level of theoretical description* required to obtain reliable geometries,1-3 relative energies of isomers,3-5 excitation energies, and even bond energies.6-8 Considerations here are the type of basis set9 (minimal basis or STO-3G versus double zeta or 4-31G versus inclusion of polarization functions) and the levels of electron correlation (generalized valence bond, configuration interaction, or many-body perturbation theory) or lack of correlation (Hartree-Fock). Some of these considerations are outlined in other chapters in this book. However, for molecules containing transition metals there is yet much uncertainty concerning these matters.
Bifurcation analysis for perturbations of the first-order conditions of optimality

Abstract The primary purpose of this work is to analyze the structure and persistence of critical point solutions of smooth perturbations of the Fritz John necessary conditions of optimality. These perturbations arise in the parametric techniques for solving constrained problems such as the quadratic penalty, the logarithmic-barrier functions, and the multiplier methods. The analysis is started with the formulation of the Fritz John conditions as algebraic system of equations. The singularities of this system are then classified and solutions are investigated at each type of singularity of codimension zero and one in terms of the bifurcation behavior of the curve of critical points.
Response of gravity water waves to wind excitation

Abstract : The primary purpose of this work was to study the response of gravity water waves to wind excitation, and in particular the applicability of the Miles inviscid shear-flow theory of gravity wave growth, by conducting experiments in a laboratory wind-wave channel under conditions approximating the assumptions of the mathematical model. The secondary objective was to document features of the coupled wave-response/wind-excitation system for comparison with the assumptions of Miles' theory. Mechanically generated wave profiles were measured with capacitance wire sensors and wave energy was calculated at seven stations spaced at 10-ft intervals along the channel test section. Waves varied in length from about 2.5 to 6.5 ft and maximum wind speeds ranged from 12 to 44 fps. Two sources of evidence indicate that without some modification the Miles inviscid theory may be inapplicable to gravity wave growth on a sufficiently rough water surface. First, the measured growth rates were significantly larger than theory predicts. Second, the superposed ripple standard deviations were larger than the respective critical layer thicknesses. Measured energy growth is not inconsistent with the energy transfer expected from flow separation. (Author)
Cost-effective concurrent test hardware design for linear analog circuits

Concurrent detection of failures in analog circuits is becoming increasingly more important as safety-critical systems become more widespread. A methodology for the automatic design of concurrent failure detection circuitry for linear analog systems is discussed in this paper In contrast to previous approaches, the methodology aims at providing coverage in terms of all the circuit components while minimizing the loading overhead by reducing the number of internal circuit nodes that need to be tapped Parameter tolerances are incorporated through either statistical or mathematical analysis to determine the threshold for failure alarm. Experimental results confirm that full coverage can be attained while keeping the hardware overhead within a pre-specified budget.
Insomnia and Health Services Utilization in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results From the Health and Retirement Study

Results. Compared with respondents reporting no insomnia symptoms, those reporting one symptom had a greater odds of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–1.43, p < .001), use of home health care services (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09–1.52, p = .004), and any health service use (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15–1.41, p < .001). Those reporting greater than or equal to two insomnia symptoms had a greater odds of hospitalization (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.50–1.96, p < .001), use of home health care services (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.32–2.04, p < .001), nursing home use (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.10–1.90, p = .009), and any health service use (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.51–1.95, p < .001) after controlling for demographics. These associations weakened, and in some cases were no longer statistically significant, after adjustment for clinical covariates. Conclusions. In this study, insomnia symptoms experienced by middle-aged and older adults were associated with greater future use of costly health services. Our findings raise the question of whether treating or preventing insomnia in older adults may reduce use of and spending on health services among this population.
The Role of Topic Interest in Survey Participation Decisions

While a low survey response rate may indicate that the risk of nonresponse error is high, we know little about when nonresponse causes such error and when nonresponse is ignorable. Leverage-salience theory of survey participation suggests that when the survey topic is a factor in the decision to participate, noncooperation will cause nonresponse error. We test three hypotheses derived from the theory: (1) those faced with a survey request on a topic of interest to them cooperate at higher rates than do those less interested in the topic; (2) this tendency for the "interested" to cooperate more readily is diminished when monetary incentives are offered; and (3) the impact of interest on cooperation has nonignorability implications for key st atistics. The data come from a three-factor experiment examining the impact on cooperation with surveys on (a) five different topics, using (b) samples from five different populations that have known attributes related to the topics, with (c) two different incentive conditions.
Culture and Markets: How Economic Sociology Conceptualizes Culture

Current ways of addressing culture in the sociology of markets are incomplete. One approach treats culture as constitutive of markets (markets are culture), while the other treats culture as something affecting markets (markets have culture). This division corresponds to markets that are more or less “settled.” The author outlines the history and shortcomings of this duality and proposes a more dimensional approach to culture and markets that more fully integrates culture into economic sociology.
Caregiver well-being and child quality of life.

Objective To describe the impact of otitis media on the child’s family and caregiver, and how this impact influences the caregiver’s perception of child’s quality of life (QOL) and functional health status (FHS). Study design and setting Prospective study of children aged 6 months to 12 years with recurrent or chronic otitis media recruited from a primary care pediatrics practice and a referral-based pediatric otolaryngology practice. Survey measures were assessed for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore relationships. Results We enrolled 159 families, with mean age of 3.3 years for the child and 34 years for the caregiver. Most caregivers attended college (80%) and 64% were employed. The Caregiver Impact Questionnaire (CIQ) had good test-retest reliability (r = 0.83), internal consistency (α = 0.88), and construct validity (r = 0.37 to 0.62). Most caregivers (52%) were nervous or agitated at least “some of the time” because of their child’s ear problems, 29% lost sleep “a good bit of time,” and 56% had to change daily activities. Multivariate analysis showed that caregiver QOL explained 62% of variability in child disease-specific QOL, and that caregiver FHS explained up to 45% of the variability in child FHS. Conclusion The 6-item CIQ survey permits a valid and reliable assessment of otitis media impact on caregivers and family functioning. Caregiver ratings of child QOL and FHS are largely influenced by caregiver perceptions of their own personal situation. Significance The caregiver QOL and FHS should be considered when using proxy-completed surveys to assess the impact of otitis media on children.
Disinfection of Algal Laden waters

With more prevalent algal problems in surface waters and the increased use of wastewater stabilization ponds, the need for additional information on how algae affect the process of water and wastewater disinfection is quite apparent. Because of this and the noticeable lack of technical data in the literature, laboratory studies were directed toward obtaining results that would ensure the proper design of disinfection processes for water and wastewater containing algae. The purpose of this research was primarily to determine whether or not a stoichiometry existed between algal concentration and requisite disinfectant (chlorine) dosage to attain an effective residual following an appropriate contact time. Another aspect of the study was an evaluation of the effect that the chlorine has on the algal cells and also on the quality of the suspending liquid. Additional investigations were concerned with the effectiveness of chlorine as an algal flocculant and the influences of chlorine on the capabilities of chemical flocculants for algal removal from various waters.
Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Switchable Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Specific Orientation

One and two-dimensional colloidal crystals are assembled from aqueous suspensions of latex and silica microspheres in an alternating electric field. These crystals of size up to 25 mm2 are formed in the gap between two planar gold electrodes. They have specific axis orientation parallel to the direction of the applied field without the need for expensive micropatterned templates. The field gradient causes the particles to accumulate on the surface between the two electrodes, align into rows along the field direction, and then crystallize into hexagonal arrays. The lattice spacing can be controlled via electrostatic repulsion. The system can find application in switchable photonic devices.
Functions of Single-Strand DNA-Binding Proteins in DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Double-stranded (ds) DNA contains all of the necessary genetic information, although practical use of this information requires unwinding of the duplex DNA. DNA unwinding creates single-stranded (ss) DNA intermediates that serve as templates for myriad cellular functions. Exposure of ssDNA presents several problems to the cell. First, ssDNA is thermodynamically less stable than dsDNA, which leads to spontaneous formation of duplex secondary structures that impede genome maintenance processes. Second, relative to dsDNA, ssDNA is hypersensitive to chemical and nucleolytic attacks that can cause damage to the genome. Cells deal with these potential problems by encoding specialized ssDNA-binding proteins (SSBs) that bind to and stabilize ssDNA structures required for essential genomic processes. SSBs are essential proteins found in all domains of life. SSBs bind ssDNA with high affinity and in a sequence-independent manner and, in doing so, SSBs help to form the central nucleoprotein complex substrate for DNA replication, recombination, and repair processes. While SSBs are found in every organism, the proteins themselves share surprisingly little sequence similarity, subunit composition, and oligomerization states. All SSB proteins contain at least one DNA-binding oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB) fold, which consists minimally of a five stranded beta-sheet arranged as a beta barrel capped by a single alpha helix. The OB fold is responsible for both ssDNA binding and oligomerization (for SSBs that operate as oligomers). The overall organization of OB folds varies between bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea. As part of SSB/ssDNA cellular structures, SSBs play direct roles in the DNA replication, recombination, and repair. In many cases, SSBs have been found to form specific complexes with diverse genome maintenance proteins, often helping to recruit SSB/ssDNA-processing enzymes to the proper cellular sites of action. This clustering of genome maintenance factors can help to stimulate and coordinate the activities of individual enzymes and is also important for dislodging SSB from ssDNA. These features support a model in which DNA metabolic processes have evolved to work on ssDNA/SSB nucleoprotein filaments rather than on naked ssDNA. In this volume, methods are described to interrogate SSB-DNA and SSB-protein binding functions along with approaches that aim to understand the cellular functions of SSB. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of SSBs that focuses on their structures, DNA-binding mechanisms, and protein-binding partners.
What influences the acceptance of emergency management decision-support software? A study of county emergency management officials.

Objective: While the benefits of emergency management decision-support software (EMDSS) have been touted for helping reduce time in decision making, increasing interoperability, and real-time data management for effective disaster response, little is understood regarding the factors that influence the acceptance of these technologies by emergency management officials. This study aims to fill this gap and contribute to theory on user acceptance of EMDSS in the public sector and highlight practical constraints and solutions for emergency managers. Design: This research uses secondary data available from the 2006 survey of county emergency management agencies conducted by the National Center for the Study of Counties. Results: Having a lead county emergency management official with higher qualifications and an in-house geographic information system division, both have a positive influence on the acceptance of EMDSS by that agency. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, the level of local collaborative planning efforts, the perceived level of threat, and number of disaster declarations for the county did not influence the use of these sophisticated EMDSS. To ensure use of such technology for effective emergency management, more funding to offer specialized training in the use of DSS is required in those agencies that do not have in-house GIS specialists.
Blood Ordering on the HELP System

At LDS Hospital, orders for blood products and related tests (e.g., blood typing, Coombs tests, etc.) are entered directly into the HELP computer system by physicians and nurses through a set of menu-driven screens. To help comply with Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) guidelines for blood usage, the computer seeks a reason for the request for blood products as part of the ordering process. When blood products are ordered, the computer automatically examines data present in the electronic patient file to determine if the order meets predetermined criteria. For example, if the reason given for ordering packed cells is anemia, the computer verifies that the patient’s most recent hematocrit value is below a specified level. If a discrepancy is detected, the computer informs the physician who may then cancel the order, enter another reason, or override the computer. Each deviation from predetermined criteria is folio wed-up by quality assurance personnel.
Musculoskeletal Pelvic Anatomy

Abstract The bony pelvis comes together to provide support for the pelvic muscles and connective tissues, which, in turn, provide attachments and support for the pelvic organs. Therefore, an appreciation of the female pelvic musculoskeletal anatomy is critical for understanding the pelvic support system. This chapter focuses primarily on the bony pelvic anatomy and articulations, as well as the arrangement of the muscles and connective tissues inside the pelvis. The levator ani and sphincter muscles are covered in detail in the preceding chapter. The muscles of the thoracolumbar system are also considered here, because they can impact pelvic muscle function.
How to Set Up Assignments for Students to Give Oral Presentations on Video

For the past two years, we have been assigning students to give oral presentations via video recording to facilitate our teaching of communication skills to both online and on-campus students. We d...
UHM–ULM interactions in the RBM39–U2AF65 splicing-factor complex

RNA-binding protein 39 (RBM39) is a splicing factor and a transcriptional co-activator of estrogen receptors and Jun/AP-1, and its function has been associated with malignant progression in a number of cancers. The C-terminal RRM domain of RBM39 belongs to the U2AF homology motif family (UHM), which mediate protein–protein interactions through a short tryptophan-containing peptide known as the UHM-ligand motif (ULM). Here, crystal and solution NMR structures of the RBM39-UHM domain, and the crystal structure of its complex with U2AF65-ULM, are reported. The RBM39–U2AF65 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation from human cell extracts, by isothermal titration calorimetry and by NMR chemical shift perturbation experiments with the purified proteins. When compared with related complexes, such as U2AF35–U2AF65 and RBM39–SF3b155, the RBM39-UHM–U2AF65-ULM complex reveals both common and discriminating recognition elements in the UHM–ULM binding interface, providing a rationale for the known specificity of UHM–ULM interactions. This study therefore establishes a structural basis for specific UHM–ULM interactions by splicing factors such as U2AF35, U2AF65, RBM39 and SF3b155, and a platform for continued studies of intermolecular interactions governing disease-related alternative splicing in eukaryotic cells.
Introduction to the standardization organizations of cloud computing abroad

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm that it assigns the computing and storing task to the cloud,which has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry.This paper presents the standardization organizations of cloud computing and introduces in detail the cloud computing standardization results of ISO/IEC,IEEE,ITU-T FG Cloud,Distributed Management Task Force(DMTF),Cloud Security Alliance(CSA),National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) and Storage Networking Industry Association(SNIA) respectively.
Using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales–21 With U.S. Adolescents: An Alternate Models Analysis:

As part of universal screening efforts in schools, validated measures that identify internalizing distress are needed. One promising available measure, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales–21 (DASS–21), has yet to be thoroughly investigated with adolescents in the United States. This study investigated the underlying factor structure of the DASS–21 in a sample of U.S. adolescents (N = 2,454) by using confirmatory factor analytic techniques to test several alternate models. A bifactor model specifying general Negative Affectivity and three specific factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress yielded the best fit. Results from this study suggest that (a) the DASS–21 scales reflect a common factor, indicating that a total score of the DASS–21 can be derived as a measure of general negative affectivity, and (b) the DASS–21 may not adequately differentiate between the experiences of negative affectivity, anxiety, and stress in U.S. adolescents.
LEARNING IN ADULTHOOD: THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses learning in adulthood and the role of intelligence. It discusses the kinds of intellectual abilities that show growth into adulthood and the way in which these are related to concept learning. The chapter also highlights the implications for the teaching of concepts to adults and presents a comparison of the findings from the Terman study and those from the Berkeley Growth Study. The chapter focuses on general growth trends in increment or decrement in intelligence over the 20-year age span between 16 and 36 years. It presents correlations between test ages the six verbal scales in the chapter. In the chart presented in the chapter, the tests are arranged approximately in the order of least to most change in the content of the WAIS Scale from its counterpart in the Wechsler–Bellevue. Greater consistency is seen over this young adult age span in both short- and long-range scores among the males, and for the males most clearly in vocabulary and information, and to a lesser extent in similarities, digit symbol, and block design. These tend also to be the tests that show continuing increments in capacity for both sexes through 36 years.
Behavioral preference for different enrichment objects in a commercial sow herd

Abstract Increased public concern about farm animal welfare is driving both legislative initiatives and market forces to change how sows are housed and managed. This study investigated the use and preference for enrichment items at a 5600 sows commercial sow farm in eastern USA. Gestating sows were housed in static, pre-implantation groups of approximately 75 sows per pen and fed via a single electronic sow feeding station. Each pen contained one of three enrichment objects (OBJ): hanging rope, hanging rubber sticks, and a fixed wood block. Behavioral data was collected from 18 pens during the course of this study on days 1, 3, 5 and 14 (DAY) that sows were in the pen, and at specific times on each day (TIME). For daytime activity, data was collected on-site in three 2-h blocks between 0800 and 1000, 1100–1300 and 1400–1600 for each pen and for nighttime data was collected on Day 1 in three 1-h blocks between 2200 and 2300, 0000-0100 and 0200-0300. Behaviors recorded included proportion of observation time animals interacted with the object, proportion of animals in pen that interacted with the object, and posture (up/down) of each animal in the pen. Lesion scores were recorded prior to mixing and two weeks post-mixing as a proxy for social aggression. The median proportion of observation time that the sows were in contact with the rope (62.4%) was significantly greater than ( P P P P P
Deficits awareness in persons with mild cognitive impairment and family care partners.

Introduction An emerging perspective of dyadic coping with chronic illness argues that concordance in the appraisal of illness is crucial for collaborative attempts at seeking information, making treatment decisions, and planning for long-term management of the illness and psychological and physical adjustments of both the care provider and care recipient. The present study examined whether persons with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCIs) and their family care partners (CPs) exhibited concordance in their awareness of deficits in the PwMCIs. Furthermore, this study explored the differences in concordance based on the relationship of the informant to the PwMCI, specifically spouse CP (SCP) versus adult child CP (ACCP). Method PwMCI-SCP pairs (n = 55) and PwMCI-ACCP (n = 14) pairs provided reports on their awareness of PwMCI's functional and cognitive deficits. CPs also reported their knowledge about dementia. Results SCPs, but not ACCPs, reported greater deficits in everyday activity than PwMCIs' self-reports. Additionally, compared to SCPs, ACCPs had more accurate knowledge about dementia, and their perception of PwMCI deficits corresponded more closely to PwMCI's self-perception. Discussion These findings demonstrate that concordance in awareness of PwMCI deficits varies across functional and cognitive areas and types of dyads. The results also highlight the importance of mild cognitive impairment-related education and support programs for care dyads to strengthen concordance, which is likely an important underpinning for effective coping as the illness progresses. (PsycINFO Database Record
Evaluation of cross-modality electromagnetic interactions in a shielded PET/MRI system

A small-animal PET/MRI scanner was developed previously that was integrated in a Bruker 9.4 T microMRI system, with which simultaneous PET/MR images of a rat's brain and of a gated mouse-heart were obtained. To minimize electromagnetic interactions in our PET/MRI system, viz., the effect of radiofrequency (RF) pulses in the PET, our modular front-end PET electronics were surrounded with variously configured shields. These included a solid aluminum shield and thin segmented layers of copper shielding. It was noted that the gradient-echo RF pulses had no impact on PET data when the PET electronics were shielded with either the aluminum or copper shields. However, we observed spurious counts in the PET data resulting from high-intensity fast spin-echo RF pulses; compared to the unshielded condition, they were suppressed effectively by the aluminum shield (∼97%) and the double-layer copper shield (∼90%). Using the solid aluminum shield yielded a poorer signal in the MR images than compared to segmented copper shields. Our initial results on shielding demonstrate that we can obtain interference-free PET data during gradient-echo pulses and obtain good-quality MR images with thin copper layers covering the PET detector housing.
Geodesic curvature driven surface microdomain formation.

Abstract Lipid bilayer membranes are not uniform and clusters of lipids in a more ordered state exist within the generally disorder lipid milieu of the membrane. These clusters of ordered lipids microdomains are now referred to as lipid rafts. Recent reports attribute the formation of these microdomains to the geometrical and molecular mechanical mismatch of lipids of different species on the boundary. Here we introduce the geodesic curvature to characterize the geometry of the domain boundary, and develop a geodesic curvature energy model to describe the formation of these microdomains as a result of energy minimization. Our model accepts the intrinsic geodesic curvature of any binary lipid mixture as an input, and will produce microdomains of the given geodesic curvature as demonstrated by three sets of numerical simulations. Our results are in contrast to the surface phase separation predicted by the classical surface Cahn–Hilliard equation, which tends to generate large domains as a result of the minimizing line tension. Our model provides a direct and quantified description of the structure inhomogeneity of lipid bilayer membrane, and can be coupled to the investigations of biological processes on membranes for which such inhomogeneity plays essential roles.
Operating Room Planning under Surgery Type and Priority Constraints

Abstract Operating room (OR) planning is critical in healthcare systems to reduce cost and improve the efficiency of OR scheduling. The OR planning problem is complicated, involving many conflicting factors, such as overtime and idle time, both of which affect OR utilization and consequently affect cost to a hospital. Allocating different types of surgeries into OR blocks affects the setup cost, whereas priorities of surgeries affect OR block scheduling. Surgery durations affect both OR utilization and OR block scheduling. Traditionally, one important method for OR block scheduling is the bin packing model, and the longest processing time (LPT) rule is the most commonly used method to generate the initial sequence for bin packing. In this study. We propose a multistep approach and a priority-type-duration (PTD) rule to generate the initial sequence for bin packing. The results of our case studies show that our PTD rule outperforms the LPT rule based on the cost to OR scheduling.
Next-Generation Sequencing: A Discovery Tool for Blood Disorders

Abstract Abstract SCI-10 The advent and evolution of next-generation massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has radically altered our approaches to studying the cancer genome and transcriptome. By using unbiased and comprehensive MPS in the context of clinically annotated samples from leukemia cases, rapid progress has resulted in our understanding of the mutational spectrum of hematopoietic malignancies, the heterogeneity of disease presentation, and the impact of chemotherapy on the cancer genome, among others. The complexity of the transcriptome, while daunting from an analytical standpoint, further reveals the nuances of gene expression changes in leukemia that often cannot be predicted simply by studying the genome. By applying the digital nature of MPS to explore tumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution, we have shown that de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents either as a mono- or multiclonal disease, and that the relapse presentation in the same patient is an evolved genetic derivation of the de novopresentation, often with novel driver mutations that have been acquired during the course of chemotherapy (1). New data from whole genome sequencing of hematopoietic stem cells in healthy volunteers indicates that somatic mutations largely are acquired during aging and occur randomly, carrying forward in the transformed cell. This baseline is important for the further comparison of AML subtypes, and provides a context for understanding tumor biology. Last, by studying 200 AML cases using whole-genome and exome sequencing, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and array-based methylation, we have begun an integrated characterization of AML in an effort to inform tumor biology. These studies and the accompanying technologies set the stage for precision treatment of each AML patient according to the additional information provided by the person’s integrated “omic” profile. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Calibrated dilatometer exercise to probe thermoplastic properties of coal in pressurized CO2

This research was aimed at testing a hypothesis, that at elevated CO2 pressure coal can soften at temperatures well below those obtained in the presence of other gases. That could have serious negative implications for injection of CO2 into deep coal seams. We have examined the experimental design issues and procedures used in the previously published studies, and experimentally investigated the physical behavior of a similar coal in the presence of CO2 as a function of pressure and temperature, using the same high-pressure micro-dilatometer refurbished and carefully calibrated for this purpose. No notable reduction in coal softening temperature was observed in this study.
Educational programs in cancer prevention and detection: determining content and quality.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of available programs and to present recommendations for important components of a cancer prevention and detection educational and training experience. DATA SOURCES Research, journal articles, Internet resources. DATA SYNTHESIS Variations in the efforts to provide basic, advanced, and continuing medical education exist across healthcare disciplines. These variations suggest that differences in interest and in the perceptions of the most urgent cancer control issues may exist across disciplines. CONCLUSION Nursing should increase its involvement in the development and testing of quality cancer prevention and detection programs that provide a multidisciplinary approach without losing the important nursing perspective. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The integration of this information may be helpful in enhancing nursing efforts to develop greater expertise in cancer control and may facilitate a multidisciplinary approach to cancer prevention and detection that includes essential nursing perspectives.
Cell Polarity in Oocyte Development

The polarization of the oocyte is important for both normal oogenesis and for subsequent embryo development. Although it has long-been known that the formation of the Balbiani body or mitochondrial cloud is essential for oocyte polarity in some organisms, recent data have provided more detail on the mechanisms of its assembly and structure. This chapter reviews basic oocyte polarity in vertebrate model organisms and its relation to ovarian cyst development. We highlight recent studies in zebrafish and Xenopus linking Balbiani body to meiotic chromosomal bouquet formation and implicating amyloid aggregation of Buc/Velo1, a key Balbiani body component. Additionally, the role of oocyte polarity on influencing superficial epithelial cell fate in early frog and fish development is addressed. The extent that harnessing normal oocyte polarity would be critical in the engineering of eggs from stem cells for reproductive regenerative medicine is also discussed.
Superficial Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection

Clinical involvement of inguinal nodes from: melanoma, squamous carcinoma of the anus, carcinoma of the vulva, scrotum, penis, or distal urethra. Positive sentinel lymph node biopsy, in the absence of distant metastasis. Palliative dissection for control of symptomatic nodal disease.
The biopolitics of China’s “war on terror” and the exclusion of the Uyghurs

This article provides an overview of People’s Republic of China (PRC) counter-terrorism policies targeting Uyghurs since 2001 when the state first asserted that it faced a terrorist threat from thi...
Losing and gaining friends: Does friendship instability compromise academic functioning in middle school?

Abstract Extending past research on the academic benefits of having close friends in early adolescence, the study examines how instability of friendships (i.e., losses and gains of friends) is related to academic engagement and performance in middle school. The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study of ethnically diverse youth across 26 middle schools (N = 5991). The results demonstrated that over two thirds of friends were either lost or gained during the first year in middle school. When controlling for friendship network size, both friendship losses and gains were concurrently associated with lower academic engagement and performance at spring of sixth grade. Moreover, higher overall instability during the first year in middle school was related to lower academic engagement in seventh grade, which in turn, predicted lower grade point average (GPA) by the end of middle school. The findings suggest that friendship instability captures a disruptive social process that can compromise academic functioning in middle school.
Against Ideological Colonization: The Teaching of Humanae Vitae and a Humanely Adequate Global Ethic

This article attempts to trace the development of the United Nations commitment to contraception as a guarantor of world peace, an engine of economic development, a guardian of the natural environment, and an equalizer of men and women. Unfortunately, as UNESCO notes in their instruction regarding the connection between population and development, the UN analysis of the impact of population growth was mistaken and their policies misguided.The promotion of artificial contraception was integral to UN attempts to limit childbearing in developing nations, and any resistance led to loss of international assistance in a variety of areas. This article argues then argues that natural family planning provides many of the benefits the UN policy seeks, while avoiding unintended adverse effects that have been documented in many studies. By teaching couples to work with their fertility to achieve their personal goals - whether to avoid or increase their chances of child bearing - the virtues of mutual restraint, communication, commitment, and respect are instilled. These virtues are instrumental to achieve the very goals that advocates of contraception desire. World peace, economic development, protection of the environment, and authentic sexual equality requires each of these virtues, both individually and communally.
An additive basis for the cohomology of real Grassmannians

Let Gm(R m+n) be the Grassmann manifold of m-dimensional subspaces of lR m+n; and let Gm = Gm(lR m+n) be the corresponding infinite Grassmannian. There are at least two descriptions of the cohomology ring H*Gm (with coefficients in Z2): Ehresmann [4] constructed an explicit and, in a sense, minimal, cell decomposition of the Grassmann manifolds based on ideas dating back to Schubert [8]. Using this decomposition, Chern gave a description of the ring structure in Grassmannians in terms of the so-called Schubert cycles. On the other hand, Borel [1] showed that
Design and Automated Fabrication of 3-D Braided Preforms for Advanced Structural Composites

Computer simulation of the Cartesian braiding process has been developed. The simulation acts as a tool to allow for identification of individual yarn paths, number and location of yarn groups, and braid geometry. Through this study, the fundamentals of the braiding process and the process-structure relations have been established. Implemented through additional computer code, this approach provides a means to tailor the design of preform size and microstructure. In addition, an automation scheme for the manufacture of 3- D braids has been developed. The machine is capable of fabricating braids with a wide variety of architectures, including axial reinforcement yarns. Preform geometric characteristics show close agreement with those given by model predictions.
A new look at molecular biology of breast cancer.

In the past 25 years, incidence rates of breast cancer have risen about 30% in westernized countries. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most prominent cause of breast cancer. However, these canc...
Designing and Deploying a Virtual IT Services Orientation for First-Year Undergraduate Students in Moodle

Lehigh University's Library & Technology Services (LTS) department developed a virtual gamified orientation designed to educate first-year students on the most important library and technology services offered. Prior to this virtual orientation, LTS held optional on-site orientations for first-year students, which had low attendance rates. The low attendance likely resulted in many first-year students lacking awareness of the services LTS offered and where to ask for assistance regarding the services. The LTS Ramp Up is a modular course built and administered in Moodle that introduces first-year students to the core library and technology services that will support academic success and facilitate a productive scholarly experience. The course features digital badges and prizes to incentivize participation and utilized Panopto to create several closed-captioned instructional video shorts. The end goals of the course were to empower first-year students with the information needed to successfully begin using LTS services, introduce them to Lehigh's branded installation of Moodle, and provide the convenience of self-paced online learning.
MEMS Flow Sensor Using Suspended Graphene Diaphragm With Microhole Arrays

This letter reports a miniature flow sensor using a suspended composite membrane of graphene and silicon nitride containing an array of microscale through-holes. As a fluid flow passes through these microholes, the graphene layer of the composite membrane is stressed to change its electrical resistance due to the piezoresistive effect of graphene. The creation of the microholes in graphene allows for a wide dynamic range of the sensor from 5 to 56 m/s of air flow velocity. The sensor also exhibits an air flow rate sensitivity of $\sim 7\times 10^{ {-8}}$ (m/s)−1. [2018-0133]
The Viazis Classification of Malocclusion

The scientifically unsubstantiated year old classification of Edward Angle and its accompanying non biologically based and arbitrary treatment goals no longer seem relevant or appropriate in modern clinical orthodontics The author rsquo s review their years of work on identifying biologically based diagnostic terms centered on the clinical morphology of the alveolar bone and introduce a new biologically based and patient centered orthodontic classification This classification accepts a patient rsquo s natural dentition within their own individual genetic morphologic appearance rather than subjective or arbitrary ldquo ideals rdquo emphasizing treatment goals of improving alveolar bone morphology by maintaining stable occlusion
Hassle Costs and Workplace Charitable Giving: Field Experiments with Google Employees

We use field experiments in the employee giving program at Google to demonstrate that hassle costs inhibit donations to charity. Relative to the status-quo control condition involving donation by credit card on the charity’s website, the treatment group received a simpler option to donate via payroll deduction with the click of a button, thereby decreasing the ‘hassle cost’ of giving by a couple of minutes. In each of two experiments (N=647 total participants), we found that reducing hassle costs increased the probability of donation to a promoted charity by at least 50%, without reducing average gift size. This led to large increases in total amount raised. Results from the two experiments lead us to conclude that the convenience of payroll deduction reduces hassle costs and thereby can produce increases in workplace giving for promoted charities.