cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic sedimentation in the Eocene Allenby Formation of south-central British Columbia and the origin of the Princeton Chert fossil beds

Extensive deposits of Eocene conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and sub-bituminous coal occur within a half-graben at Princeton, British Columbia. These strata comprise ∼2000 m of fluvial sediment interbedded with tephra and volcanic flows. Near the southeast margin of the basin, ∼200 m of rhythmically bedded strata are exposed along the Similkameen River. Cyclic deposition resulted from repeated episodes of hydrologic and topographic change related to seismic activity along the Boundary Fault on the east flank of the Princeton Basin, where Allenby Formation sediments are juxtaposed against metamorphic and metavolcanic rocks of the Upper Triassic Nicola Group. Interbedded carbonaceous shale and tuffaceous sandstone record influxes of distal lahar deposits into a lowland swamp. Coal–breccia transitions originated when debris flows along the scarp carried volcanic debris into adjacent wetlands. Coal–chert rhythmites are inferred to be evidence of hydrologic changes associated with floodplain tilt events that c...
Insulin-induced translocation of facilitative glucose transporters in fetal/neonatal rat skeletal muscle

We examined the effect of insulin on fetal/neonatal rat skeletal muscle GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 concentrations and subcellular distribution by employing immunohistochemical analysis and subcellular fractionation followed by Western blot analysis. We observed that insulin did not alter total GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 concentrations or the GLUT-1 subcellular distribution in fetal/neonatal or adult skeletal muscle in 60 min. The basal and insulin-induced changes in subcellular distribution of GLUT-4 were different between the fetal/neonatal and adult skeletal muscle. Under basal conditions, sarcolemma-associated GLUT-4 was higher in the newborn compared with the adult, translating into a higher glucose transport. In contrast, insulin-induced translocation of GLUT-4 to the sarcolemma- and insulin-induced glucose transport was lower in the newborn compared with the adult. This age-related change results in enhanced basal glucose transport to fuel myocytic proliferation and differentiation while relatively curbing the insulin-dependent glucose transport in the newborn.
Breastfeeding Practices in Military Families: A 12-Month Prospective Population-Based Study in the National Capital Region

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding practices in military families have not been widely investigated. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding among uniformed families and identify factors associated with breastfeeding. We conducted a prospective study of 253 mothers of new infants from July to December 2004. Initial information gathered included demographic data, feeding choices, and intended duration of breastfeeding. Follow-up surveys were conducted until 12 months postpartum. 51% of mothers were breastfeeding at 6 months and 25% at 1 year. Mothers on active duty were equally likely to breastfeed than non–active duty mothers. Officer mothers were 3 times more likely to breastfeed compared to enlisted mothers (p = 0.005). Mothers with higher education were twice as likely to breastfeed longer (p = 0.015). Families participating in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) were 2.5 times less likely to breastfed at 1 year (p < 0.001). O...
Integrated State Estimation and Contingency Analysis Software Implementation using High Performance Computing Techniques

Abstract Power system simulation tools are traditionally developed in sequential mode and codes are optimized for single core computing only. However, the increasing complexity in the power grid models requires more intensive computation. The traditional simulation tools will soon not be able to meet the grid operation requirements. Therefore, power system simulation tools need to evolve accordingly to provide faster and better results for grid operations. This paper presents an integrated state estimation and contingency analysis software implementation using high performance computing techniques. The software is able to solve large size state estimation problems within 1 second and achieve a near-linear speedup of 9,800 with 10,000 cores for contingency analysis application. The performance evaluation is presented to show its effectiveness.
Microstructure evolution of on-substrate NiTi shape memory alloy thin films

When deposited at room temperature, sputtered NiTi thin films are amorphous and need to be crystallized before they can be used as a functional material. We present the results of an annealing study on substrate-constrained NiTi shape memory thin films. Amorphous films of a NiTi shape memory alloy were deposited by UHV sputtering. Films of thickness 1.0 µm were grown on (100) Si wafers both with and without an LPCVD SiNx barrier. The as-deposited films were annealed in vacuum at temperatures ranging from 500°C to 800°C. The microstructure of the annealed films was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Rutherford back scattering (RBS).
Omeka.net as a librarian-led digital humanities meeting place

Purpose – This case study aims to evaluate Omeka.net, the hosted Web publishing exhibit tool, as a low-cost and technology-friendly platform encouraging dynamic academic and non-academic communities to collaborate, explore and contribute to a genre film festival resource. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review established six variables to assess Omeka.net as a viable platform for libraries seeking to administer a resource-focused website adhering to information standards with limited budgets, training and technical or institutional support. The variables identified were cost; website management; content building and management; communities, engagement and collaboration; exploration and knowledge building; and website support. Findings – Omeka.net supports many activities with notable functions for website administration; collection building; media formats; collaboration; metadata; social media; user contributions; technical support; and the creation of simple, custom pages. While templates for ...
The Validity of the Day Reconstruction Method in the German Socio-economic Panel Study

The Day Reconstruction Method is a useful tool for evaluating short-term changes in emotional experiences over a variety of daily situations. However, traditional method of collecting DRM data can be time-intensive for both researchers and participants. In this paper we provide evidence that a random-sampling approach to DRM assessment can provide useful data that are largely consistent with previous research that used the full version of the DRM. In a nationally representative sample of 2,303 people, we demonstrate that (1) there is variability in emotional ratings of episodes that replicates what has been found in prior studies, (2) correlations with global measures are typically small in magnitude (< .30), (3) correlations with personality are for the most part negligible, (4) correlations with global ratings of domain satisfaction are higher for domain-relevant situations, and (5) parents report more positive affect while providing care for their children when compared to other activities, and this effect can account for the observed differences in emotional experiences of parents and non-parents.
Snapshot of the AAOHN APRN Membership

In 2012, the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, Inc. (AAOHN) conducted an online membership survey. This article presents demographic, certification, educational, employment, priority issues, and membership data for advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) AAOHN members. Approximately 8% of the respondents identified themselves as nurse practitioners and/or clinical nurse specialists. The majority of these members are currently employed as APRNs (62.1%) and work full-time (85.7%) as employees of their organizations (85.8%). Critical issues that AAOHN APRN members identified in occupational health nursing practice today included the economy, government regulations, and health care reform.
Factors Affecting Release Rate and Production of Sex Pheromone by Female Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Sex pheromone released by nonmated female Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was collected on filter paper and bioassayed to determine the relative amounts of sex pheromone released by females reared and held in a 12:12 h light:dark regime (L:D) and by females reared and held in a constant light regime (L:L). A regression, constructed from tests with synthetic sex pheromone, cis -9, trans -12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, was used to quantitate the amount of sex pheromone released by females. This data was then correlated with calling behavior, to measure the rate of sex pheromone release per calling female. During scotophase, calling L:D females release pheromone at a rate ca. 13 times that during photophase. In comparison, the sex pheromone release rate of L:L females during the scotophase was not significantly different from the release rate during photophase. These rates correlate with the calling behavior of L: L females‥ Abdominal tips of L:D females contained slightly more sex pheromone at collection times during photophase than at collection times during scotophase when calling is maximum. No correlation was found in the amount of sex pheromone contained in the abdominal tips of L:L females and time of day. Turnover rate of sex pheromone was estimated in calling L:D and L:L females during scotophase and photophase.
‘The Little Brother of the Ottoman State’: Ottoman technocrats in Kabul and Afghanistan's development in the Ottoman imagination, 1908–23

By charting the activities of Ottoman experts in Afghanistan from 1908–23, this article demonstrates how their arrival precipitated a series of state-building practices rooted in the particular historical experience of Ottoman reform projects. The country thus became the object of an Ottoman mission civilisatrice and the beneficiary, in the eyes of certain figures within the Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress, of an avowedly Ottoman-Turkish modernity. Sharing this conviction were members of the Afghan royal family and its chief ministers, especially Maḥmūd Ṭarzī, who first invited the Ottoman advisers to Kabul. The provision of Ottoman technical assistance took a variety of forms, but is most evident in military, educational, and public health reforms enacted in Kabul in this period. Through the study of previously unexamined Ottoman, Afghan, and British sources, the aim here is to incorporate these events into discussions of Ottoman informal empire, Afghan developmentalism, and pan-Islam.
Differences in Behavioral Responding in Adult and Aged Rats Following Chronic Ethanol Exposure.

Background Research suggests symptoms of chronic alcoholism, and withdrawal may be more severe in elderly compared with younger adults. However, examination of the effects of long-term ethanol (EtOH) consumption and withdrawal is limited in aged rodents. We thus investigated EtOH withdrawal and potential deficits in cognitive and motor behavior in young adult and aged rats. We also examined the effects of acute allopregnanolone as a potential mechanism contributing to age-related differences in EtOH's cognitive-impairing effects. Methods Male young adult (postnatal days 70 to 72) and aged (approximately 18 months) Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with liquid EtOH diet in a modified chronic intermittent EtOH (modified-CIE) paradigm. The severity of EtOH withdrawal was determined using a 4-item rating scale, and withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field. After a 14-day EtOH-free period, spatial performance was assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) during sober acquisition and in response to a subsequent EtOH and allopregnanolone challenge. Results Modified-CIE adults consumed more EtOH during treatment and exhibited robust EtOH withdrawal using a behavioral rating scale compared to aged rats. In the EPM, adult and aged modified-CIE groups spent increased time in the closed arms, while aged animals also made significantly more closed arm entries, fewer open arm entries, and spent less time in the open arms during withdrawal compared to controls. Modified-CIE decreased MWM performance of adult and aged rats, but did not result in motor impairments in either age group. Finally, acute allopregnanolone increased time to the MWM platform in adults but not aged animals. Conclusions The elderly may be vulnerable to EtOH withdrawal as modified-CIE aged rats displayed anxiety-like behavior compared to controls during withdrawal despite achieving lower blood EtOH concentrations during treatment than younger adults. Our data also indicate that modified-CIE and EtOH withdrawal cause persistent cognitive impairments in both age groups. The results from this study provide further evidence indicating the elderly may be sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
Connexin 43 and CaV1.2 Ion Channel Trafficking in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium

A remarkable aspect of cardiac ion channel biology is that individual ion channels have half-lives on the order of hours. For example, Connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction proteins have a half-life of 1 to 3 hours,1,2 whereas potassium channels, calcium channels, and the sodium–calcium exchanger have half-lives that are reported in the 2 to 8 hours range.3–6 The short life span of ion channels suggests that there needs to be efficiency in their life cycle and movements which follow the order of: formation, delivery to the correct subdomain on plasma membrane, behavior once in membrane, and internalization back into the cell. To maintain this efficiency in ion trafficking, thousands of individual proteins contribute to a functional equilibrium. Mutations in a single protein can disrupt this equilibrium and over time manifest as arrhythmogenic substrate or cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocytes use common intracellular organelles and machinery to produce and shuttle ion channel proteins to their specific organelles and functional subdomains at the cell membrane. After gene transcription in the nuclei, proteins are translated and subjected to post-translational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then further modified in the Golgi apparatus. For ion channels, sorting and delivery to their subcellular destination begins in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi complex is usually found adjacent to the lateral side of each nucleus in mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes. Co-localized with each Golgi is the centrosome at which microtubules are nucleated and extend throughout the cell.7 Sorting of proteins mainly takes place at the trans-Golgi network (TGN).8 Cargo proteins are sorted into post-Golgi carriers, which are docked onto molecular motors and delivered to the cell periphery along microtubules.9 These extending microtubules form an intricate and dynamic outgoing network capable of shuttling ion channel–containing vesicles to their destinations. In the context …
Islam and British Literature

In 1869 the great Muslim reformer and educator Sir Syed Ahmed Khan left India for Britain, taking up quarters in 21 Mecklenburgh Square, on the fringes of Bloomsbury. After spending the next few months visiting colleges, and meeting with political and cultural leaders, he returned home to found the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875. There, he furthered his life-long support of the literary arts (one critic argued that “modern Urdu literature owes more to him than to any one man of his generation”). Increasingly, this “maker of literary men” became convinced that the future lay in English-language literary production, and, in a speech to the Mohammedan Literary Society in Calcutta, made his convictions known: “I think it is very clear that English is the language to which we ought to devote our attention.”1 Earlier in his career, when his writings about the British mistreatment of Muslims in India had caused a stir, Sir Syed had been an object of deep suspicion in Britain; in 1888, already a member of the Order of the Star of India, he became the first Muslim to be knighted.
Bimodal entanglement entropy distribution in the many-body localization transition

We introduce the cut-averaged entanglement entropy in disordered periodic spin chains and prove it to be a concave function of subsystem size for individual eigenstates. This allows us to identify the entanglement scaling as a function of subsystem size for individual states in inhomogeneous systems. Using this quantity, we probe the critical region between the many-body localized (MBL) and ergodic phases in finite systems. In the middle of the spectrum, we show evidence for bimodality of the entanglement distribution in the MBL critical region, finding both volume law and area law eigenstates over disorder realizations as well as within single disorder realizations. The disorder-averaged entanglement entropy in this region then scales as a volume law with a coefficient below its thermal value. We discover in the critical region, as we approach the thermodynamic limit, that the cut-averaged entanglement entropy density falls on a one-parameter family of curves. Finally, we also show that without averaging over cuts the slope of the entanglement entropy vs subsystem size can be negative at intermediate and strong disorder, caused by rare localized regions in the system.
Use of Designer G Protein-Coupled Receptors to Dissect Metabolic Pathways

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate virtually all metabolic processes, including glucose and energy homeostasis. Recently, the use of designer GPCRs referred to as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) has made it possible to dissect metabolically relevant GPCR signaling pathways in a temporally and spatially controlled fashion in vivo.
Representative Men: Jeremy Belknap's American Biography and the Political Culture of the Early Republic

(1994). Representative Men: Jeremy Belknap's American Biography and the Political Culture of the Early Republic. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 83-97.
Molecular Regulation of Phosphate Acquisition in Plants

Phosphorus availability is considered as one of the major growth limiting factors for plants in many natural ecosystems. In response, plants have developed several physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptations to acquire phosphate (Pi). Enhanced ability to acquire Pi and altered gene expression are the hallmarks of plant adaptation to Pi deficiency. There is an increasing number of genes known to be activated under Pi starvation. High-affinity Pi transporter genes have been cloned and characterized from plants. They code for integral membrane proteins consisting of twelve membrane spanning domains separated into two groups of six by a large charged hydrophilic region.
Quantitative impact of changes in marrow cellularity, skeletal size, and bone mineral density on active marrow dosimetry based upon a reference model.

Purpose The hematopoietically active tissues of skeletal bone marrow are a prime target for computational dosimetry given potential risks of leukemia and, at higher dose levels, acute marrow toxicity. The complex three-dimensional geometry of trabecular spongiosa, however, complicates schema for dose assessment in such a way that only a few reference skeletal models have been developed to date, and which are based upon microimaging of a limited number of cadaveric bone spongiosa cores. The question then arises as to what degree of accuracy is achievable from reference skeletal dose models when applied to individual patients or specific exposed populations? Methods Patient variability in marrow dosimetry were quantified for three skeletal sites — the ribs, lumbar vertebrae, and cranium — for the beta-emitters 45Ca, 153Sm, and 90Y, and the alpha-particle emitters 223Ra, 219Rn, and 215Po, the latter two being the immediate progeny of the former. For each radionuclide and bone site, three patient parameters were altered from their values in the reference model: (1) bone size as a surrogate for patient stature, (2) marrow cellularity as a surrogate for age- or disease-related changes in marrow adiposity, and (3) the trabecular bone volume fraction as a surrogate for bone mineral density. Marrow dose variability is expressed as percent differences in the radionuclide S value given by the reference model and the patient-parameterized model. The impact of radionuclide biokinetics on marrow dosimetry was not considered. Results Variations in overall bone size play a very minor role in active marrow dose variability. Marrow cellularity is a significant factor in dose variability for active marrow self-irradiation, but it plays no role for radionuclides localized to the trabecular bone matrix. Variations in trabecular bone volume fractions impact the active marrow dose variability for short-range particle emitters 45Ca, 223Ra, 219Rn, and 215Po in the vertebrae and ribs, skeletal sites with small spongiosa proportions of trabecular bone. In the cranium, with its relative high proportion of trabecular bone, significant differences in marrow dosimetry from the reference model were noted for all radionuclides. Conclusions Skeletal models of active marrow dosimetry should be more fully parameterized to permit closer matching to patient bone density and marrow cellularity, particularly when considering short-range particle emitters localized to either the bone trabeculae or active marrow, respectively.
Dark matters made lucid

Every year seems to bring a fresh batch of popularisations on the latest developments in cosmology and large-scale structure. These books attempt to reach out to serious laypeople, scientists from other disciplines, and, most importantly, to young students with scientific interests. There is certainly a need to explain such a technical subject in non-technical terms, but it is debatable how well any of the recent popularisations succeed. The Shadows of Creation is the latest attempt to fill this gap, and it does so in a manner closely focused on the interconnections of particle physics and cosmology.
Non-Neurogenic Language Disorders: A Preliminary Classification.

Background Few publications deal with non-neurogenic language disorders (NNLDs), distinct from psychogenic speech disorders such as psychogenic dysphonia or stuttering. NNLDs are alterations in language owing to psychosomatic preoccupations, conversion disorder, psychiatric disorders, or other psychological reasons. Objective To identify and classify the range of NNLDs and their characteristics. Methods This review summarizes the literature on disturbances in language, broadly defined as the use of symbols for communication, which may have a psychogenic or psychiatric etiology. Results The literature suggests a classification for NNLDs that includes psychogenic aphasia with dysgrammatism; psychogenic “lalias” including oxylalia and agitolalia, palilalia and echolalia, xenolalia, glossolalia, and coprolalia; psychologically-mediated word usage; psychotic language; and psychogenic forms of the foreign accent syndrome. Conclusions Clinicians and researchers have insufficiently emphasized the presence of NNLDs, their characteristics, and their identification. Yet, these disorders may be the first or predominant manifestation of a psychologically-mediated illness. There are 2 steps to recognition. The first is to know how to distinguish NNLDs from the manifestations of neurogenic language impairments after a neurological evaluation. The second step is awareness of specific associated and examination features that suggest the presence of a NNLD.
Management of cardiac implantable electronic devices during interventional pulmonology procedures

An increasing number of patients are receiving cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) now. Many of them need pulmonary procedures for various indications including, but not limited to, lung cancer and benign endobronchial lesions. Over the last two decades, interventional pulmonology (IP) has expanded its scope to include various modalities that use heat and electrical energy and in the process, create electromagnetic field in the vicinity. This raises concerns for electromagnetic interference (EMI) causing abnormal behavior in the CIEDs. While guidelines and recommendations on the peri-procedural management of CIEDs do exist, none of them directly address the pulmonary procedures. In this paper, we strive to review the available literature pertaining to the management of CIEDs in the context of EMI caused by the various IP procedures.
Nonuniqueness in dual-energy CT

Purpose The goal is to determine whether dual-energy computed tomography (CT) leads to a unique reconstruction using two basis materials. Methods The beam-hardening equation is simplified to the single-voxel case. The simplified equation is rewritten to show that the solution can be considered to be linear operations in a vector space followed by a measurement model which is the sum of the exponential of the coordinates. The case of finding the concentrations of two materials from measurements of two spectra with three photon energies is the simplest non-trivial case and is considered in detail. Results Using a material basis of water and bone, with photon energies of 30 keV, 60 keV, and 100 keV, a case with two solutions is demonstrated. Conclusions Dual-energy reconstruction using two materials is not unique as shown by an example. Algorithms for dual-energy, dual-material reconstructions need to be aware of this potential ambiguity in the solution.
Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a child with obstructive shock due to massive bilateral pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND Acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a very rare condition in children. We report the successful use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) as a lifesaving modality in a child with acute massive PE. CASE PRESENTATION A nine-year-old female with spinal muscular atrophy type 1, chronic respiratory failure with tracheostomy and ventilator dependence presented with tachypnea and hypoxia. She had recent coiling of her pulmonary arterio-venous malformation. A chest computerized tomography scan showed massive bilateral PE. Urgent catheter-directed thrombolysis failed. She was placed on VA-ECMO with stabilization of hemodynamics. She underwent surgical thrombo-embolectomy followed by weaning of ECMO support. DISCUSSION The use of VA ECMO supported the cardio-respiratory status and perfusion to facilitate surgical embolectomy.
Epithelial ovarian cancer mortality among Hispanic women: Sub-ethnic disparities and survival trend across time: An analysis of SEER 1992-2013.

Abstract Background Over the past half century the proportion of Hispanics in the US population has been steadily increasing, and groups of Hispanic origin have diversified. Despite notable racial and ethnic disparities in ovarian cancer (OC) mortality, population-based studies on OC among Hispanic females are lacking. Objectives To examine sub-ethnic disparities in OC mortality and survival trends using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18 data on Hispanic women diagnosed with epithelial OC during 1992–2013. Methods The disparities in OC 5 year survival and mortality were examined using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for sociodemographic and pathological characteristics, time of diagnosis, receipt of resection surgery and county socioeconomic status. Trends in 5-year survival rates were examined using joinpoint regression models. Results The 5-year survival was lowest in Puerto Ricans (median survival: 33 months; survival rate: 31.07%) and was highest in the “Other” Hispanic subgroup (median survival: 59 months; survival rate: 49.14%) (log-rank test: P Conclusions OC mortality in Hispanic patients varied by sub-ethnicity. This heterogeneity should be considered in future cancer data collection, reports and research.
Retaining and engaging older workers: A solution to worker shortages in the U.S.

Abstract Over the next 20 years, many organizations will experience significant shortages of skilled workers. At the same time, because of longer lifespans and a gradual rise in what society has considered the traditional retirement age of 65, older workers will represent a growing proportion of the American workforce. For a variety of reasons, many of these older workers desire to continue working and, if retained and engaged, they constitute a significant labor source for mitigating the emerging shortages of skilled workers. However, many organizations are not prepared to take advantage of this demographic shift; some even generate barriers that impede the retention and engagement of older workers. In this article, we identify a variety of ways in which organizations can retain and engage older workers to meet their staffing needs and enhance organizational performance. We also discuss the relationship of these proposals to prominent theories of motivation in management.
Word Meaning: Psychological Aspects

Word meaning can be studied multiple perspective including linguistic, philosophical, and psychological. The primary goals of psychologists in the study of meaning are to characterize the knowledge that constitutes wordmeaning, and to describe how this knowledge is used in interpreting words heard or read. psychologists typically assume that meanings consist of concepts, and so the study of concepts has been used to inform views of word meaning. Cases of polysemy, where a single word has multiple senses that are related in some way, raise additional questions about the nature of the mental representation of meaning and how that knowledge is used to interpret words in discourse contexts. the observation that word meanings are not stictly equivalent across languages (e.g., ‘on’ in English versus ‘en’ in Spanish) raises both theoretical issues about the relation between language and thought, and practical issues about second language learning.
Modeling and Characterization of Electrical Transport in Oxygen Conducting Solid Electrolytes

A model for the electrical conductivity in acceptor-doped oxides which involves an association between the acceptor-dopants and oxygen vacancies resulting in donor centers is considered. The model relates the behavior of the electrical conductivity with the temperature, ambient atmosphere and band structure. The predictions of the model are compared to experimental data for ZrO2:16% Y and SrCeO3:5% Yb oxygen conductors and some band structure parameters have been determined.
Structural social support: impact on adult substance use and recovery attempts.

This study examined the structural social support of 132 men residing in a network of self-run, substance abuse recovery homes. The impact of different types of social relationships on individuals' substance use patterns and recovery attempts was investigated. Results sug-Address correspondence to: Dr. Margaret Davis, Dickinson College, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 1733, Carlisle, PA 17013-2896 (E-mail: davismar@dickinson.edu). gest that varying relationship types (i.e., parents, significant other, friends, children, coworkers) have significantly different influences on use and recovery. Additionally, each type of relationship had differential impacts on use versus recovery. Children were the sole relationship type that affected both substance use and recovery attempts in a positive nature, suggesting that children may have a beneficial impact on reducing usage and prompting recovery in adults dealing with substance abuse issues.
Parenting Influences on Appetite and Weight

Abstract The parenting environment is the first and one of the most important settings in which children's eating behaviors are socialized. Behaviors used by parents to feed very young children are necessarily different from those used for older children and adolescents. Young children need guidance to adopt basic eating skills, healthy food preferences, and eating self-regulation. As children age, parents change their feeding behaviors to more developmentally appropriate practices. This chapter covers the empirical evidence supporting links between parental feeding, child eating behaviors, and child weight status in four age groups: infancy/toddlerhood, preschool age, elementary school age, and adolescence.
Risks of Benzodiazepines in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Rationale: Benzodiazepines are associated with mortality and poor outcomes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but use of benzodiazepines for dyspnea among patients wi...
Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Infants Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Changes in Metabolic Pathways and Association With Mortality and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay.

Background Mortality for infants undergoing complex cardiac surgery is >10% with a 30% to 40% risk of complications. Early identification and treatment of high‐risk infants remains challenging. Metabolites are small molecules that determine the minute‐to‐minute cellular phenotype, making them ideal biomarkers for postsurgical monitoring and potential targets for intervention.
Mathematical modeling of cyclic population dynamics

Abstract A rock–paper–scissors three species cyclic ecosystem is considered. Deterministic mathematical models based on delayed ODEs and nonlocal PDEs are proposed and studied both analytically and numerically. Transitions between the coexistence state that is associated with biodiversity, limit cycles and the heteroclinic cycle are discussed for the ODE model. Traveling waves between the coexistence state and single species states are studied for the PDE model. We show that delay promotes oscillatory instabilities of the coexistence state while nonlocality promotes stationary cellular instabilities.
Steroid Dosing and Delirium after Lung Transplant Surgery

Purpose Evaluate impact of a modified immunosuppressive regimen with decreased steroid dosing on incidence of delirium experienced by lung transplant patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the EMR for lung transplants between 6/14/2015 to 1/24/2017. The exposure variable was high (500-1000mg intraoperatively tapered to 2 mg/kg/day to 0.5mg/kg/day) versus low (500mg intraoperatively tapered to 1 mg/kg/day to 0.5mg/kg/day) steroid dosing. Covariates assessed included demographics, comorbidities, pre-transplant medications, and intraoperative variables. Number of days with Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) positive scores and total number of high (>=3) Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores in POD1-7 were recorded. We performed stepwise variable selection and multivariate analysis using the Poisson model (for high RASS frequency) and negative binomial model (for CAM positive days). Results There were 74 lung transplants during the study period. 23 received high dose and the remainder received low dose steroids. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics aside from more patients with LAS Conclusion Delirium and agitation are common and multifactorial in lung transplant patients. A lower steroid dosing protocol appears to decrease frequency of postoperative delirium and agitation.
Association of current and past opioid use disorders with health-related quality of life and employment among US adults.

Abstract Background To examine the association of current and past Opiate Use Disorder (OUD) with measures of HRQOL and employment in a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods The 2012–2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC III) surveyed a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilian adults (≥18 years) in the US (n = 36,309 unweighted). Using DSM-5 criteria, adults without history of OUD were compared to those with current and past OUD. Using the SF-12 items, standard measures of the mental and physical component scores of HRQOL and of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were constructed. Employment in the past year (yes/no) was also assessed. Multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were used to adjust for covariates. Results Overall, 0.9% of the study sample, representing 2.1 of 235.4 million adults, met criteria for current OUD; 1.2%, representing 2.7 million adults, met criteria for past OUD. Adults with current or past OUD had large and moderately reduced mental component (MCS) and physical health component (PCS) summary scores compared to adults who never had OUD (p Conclusion Adults with current OUD are associated with large reductions in HRQOL and likelihood of not being employed, and adults with past OUD also have considerable residual impairment.
Teledermatology as a Tool for Preoperative Consultation Before Mohs Micrographic Surgery Within the Veterans Health Administration

Background Telemedicine is improving access to subspecialty care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a surgical modality used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancers. Objective This study evaluates the use of teledermatology for preoperative consultation for MMS. Methods and materials A retrospective analysis of interfacility MMS referrals to the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) was conducted. The consult failure rates (CFRs), treatment follow-through rates, time to treatment, and travel savings for "face-to-face" preoperative consults were compared with store-and-forward "teledermatology" preoperative consults. Results Although both "teledermatology" and "face-to-face" preoperative consults resulted in an equivalent percentage of treated lesions, teledermatology had a significantly decreased CFR. In addition, teledermatology decreased the time to treatment by 2 weeks, increased the percentage of lesions treated within 60 days, and resulted in average travel savings of 162.7 minutes, 144.5 miles, and $60.00 per person. Conclusion This study demonstrates that teleconsultation is effective for preoperative consults for MMS within the VHA system. Teledermatology improved access measures such as time to treatment and travel burden. This program may serve as a model not only for other VAMCs that accept interfacility MMS consults, but also for VAMCs that provide other types of access-limited subspecialty care.
Self-regulated learning in a competency-based and flipped learning environment: learning strategies across achievement levels and years

Background: The transition from a traditional lecture-based curriculum to a competency-based curriculum poses significant challenges to both students and faculty in medical schools, especially when the curriculum is implemented in a flipped learning environment. Self-regulated learning (SRL) has been proven to be beneficial for competency-based learning and flipped classroom learning, but medical educators cannot expect our entering medical students to bring in these learning skills automatically.Methods: This study took place in the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. A new competency-based curriculum was implemented in the fall 2016, focusing on the integration of basic science and clinical experience. Participants in this study were 26 first- and second-year students. By interviewing each student about the learning strategies they use in independent learning before class, we investigated how students use SRL strategies in different phases of learning, and how their adoption of SRL strategies differ across self-perceived achievement groups and years.Results: We found that students frequently use strategies in the stages of planning and reflection, but less frequently during the learning or monitoring phase. Students who perceive themselves as high achieving, and students in their second year of medical school do use more learning strategies during the monitoring stage than their counterparts.Conclusions: Students who lack self-regulation strategies may fail to comprehend or connect ideas in their pre-class learning, which could lead to ineffective learning outcomes during in-class activities. Our study indicated that while medical students, who tend to be successful learners in their undergraduate study, were able to use learning strategies to plan and reflect on their learning, they need more explicit instruction in how to monitor their own learning.
The Concept of Redemption

This chapter reconstructs the overlooked concept of redemption in Rorty’s oeuvre. Its goal is to anchor Rorty’s entry into the debate on modern nihilism. The chapter begins with an interpretation of redemption as a motivational force behind his philosophical project, supported by his pragmatist critique of essentialism and the pursuit of edification. It then presents how Rorty remodels religious redemption to suit contemporary secular life. This modern version of redemption fits a pluralist and democratic literary culture, a culture that entails a new self-image and is freed from religious nostalgia.
Initial spindle formation at the oocyte center protects against incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachment and aneuploidy in mice

ABSTRACT Aneuploidy is the leading genetic cause of miscarriage and infertility in women and occurs frequently in oocytes. Spindle formation and positioning are two critical events that must be regulated tightly to avoid erroneous chromosome segregation. Following nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), the spindle is assembled centrally before migrating towards the cortex to allow the first asymmetric division. The biological significance of the primary central positioning of the spindle is unknown. Because the spindle forms where NEBD occurs, whether positioned at the center or at the cortex of the cell, full-grown GV (prophase I) oocytes were collected from CF-1 mice (6-8 weeks old) and sorted according to the position of the GV into three groups: central, intermediate, and peripheral. Approximately 50% of the cells exhibited a central GV position, while 25% of cells showed a peripheral GV position. These proportions were similar to those obtained by histological evaluation of ovarian oocytes in 6-8 week mice, but not to those of mice aged less than 5 weeks, which tended to have a majority of peripherally positioned GVs. When peripheral GV oocytes were matured in vitro, GVs (88%) migrated towards the center and NEBD (and spindle assembly) occurred either at the center of the cell or during migration. The percentages of NEBD and polar body (PB) extrusion did not vary significantly among groups. Importantly, peripheral GV oocytes had a significant increase of abnormal K-MT attachments at metaphase I (Met I) and showed a significant increase of aneuploidy at metaphase II (Met II) when compared to central GV oocytes. Interestingly, peripheral GV oocytes that were able to achieve full GV relocation to the center were half as likely to experience aneuploidy when compared to peripheral GV oocytes unable to achieve relocation. These results indicate that preferential central spindle formation is an insurance mechanism to protect against incorrect K-MT attachments and aneuploidy.
KRAS: From undruggable to a druggable Cancer Target

RAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, with mutations in about 30% of all cancers. RAS exists in three different isoforms (K-RAS, H-RAS and N-RAS) with high sequence homology. K-RAS is the most commonly mutated RAS isoform. The Ras protein is a membrane bound protein with inherent GTPase activity and is activated by numerous extracellular stimuli, cycling between an inactive (GDP-bound) and active (GTP-bound) form. When bound to GTP, it is switched "on" and activates intracellular signaling pathways, critical for cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Mutated RAS is constitutively activated and persistently turned "on" thereby enhancing downstream signaling and leading to tumorigenesis. Various attempts to inhibit Kras in the past were unsuccessful. Recently, several small molecules (AMG510, MRTX849, JNJ-74699157, and LY3499446) have been developed to specifically target K-RAS G12C. Additionally, various other approaches including, SHP2, SOS1 and eIF4 inhibition, have been utilized to abrogate tumor growth in K-RAS mutant cells, resulting in a renewed interest in this pathway. In this review article, we provide an overview on the role of K-RAS in tumorigenesis, past approaches to inhibiting Kras, and current and future prospects for targeting Kras.
Casals’ Individual International Artistic Boycott (1945–?)

Pau Casals (1876-1973, also known as Pablo Casals) was a notable Catalan cellist, conductor and humanitarian, born in Catalonia (Spain). He went into exile in Prades, France in 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War, subsequently relocating to Puerto Rico in 1957. In October 1945, the apparent lack of Allied intervention in Spain ignited Casals' international artistic boycott, wherein the artist refused to perform in any country recognizing the Franco regime, which included the United States and England. This paper isolates some of the variables that impact the persuasiveness of his individual international artistic boycott with respect to two international relations (IR) theories, Structural Realism and Constructivism. Evidence presented in this paper stems from Casals' biographies, performance records, contemporaneous US Foreign Relations archives, academic articles, and newspapers. This analysis reveals that international artistic boycotts fail when not aligned with US national interests or a negative view of the target country by the United States.
Examining Associations Between Licensed and Unlicensed Outlet Density and Cannabis Outcomes From Preopening to Postopening of Recreational Cannabis Outlets.

Background and objectives To expand on epidemiologic studies examining associations between the legalization of recreational cannabis and use among young adults, we examined the associations between licensed and unlicensed cannabis outlet density and cannabis outcomes. Methods A total of 1097 young adults aged 21 and older living in Los Angeles County were surveyed before licensed recreational cannabis outlets opened (Time 1: July to December 2017) and after (Time 2: July 2018 to June 2019). Using a database of open licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers to calculate individual-level cannabis outlet density measures, we examined associations between outlet density within a 4-mile radius of participants' residences with Time 2 outcomes of any past-month use, daily use, intentions to use, quantity used, consequences, and cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. Results After controlling for demographic factors and cannabis outcomes at a time point prior to their opening (Time 1), licensed cannabis outlets were associated with young adults' cannabis use, heavy use, and intentions, and unlicensed outlets were associated with young adults' heavy cannabis use and CUD symptoms. Conclusion and scientific significance This study expands beyond studies of outlet prevalence to find that, after controlling for outcomes 1 year prior, licensed and unlicensed outlets were associated with young adults' cannabis outcomes. The current study is among the first to find associations between cannabis use outcomes and density of cannabis outlets among young adults using data from two time points: preopening and postopening of recreational cannabis retailers. Findings can inform policies around the density and placement of cannabis outlets. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).