cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing physiologic simulations using supervised learning on coarse mesh solutions.

Computational modelling of physical and biochemical processes has emerged as a means of evaluating medical devices, offering new insights that explain current performance, inform future designs and even enable personalized use. Yet resource limitations force one to compromise with reduced order computational models and idealized assumptions that yield either qualitative descriptions or approximate, quantitative solutions to problems of interest. Considering endovascular drug delivery as an exemplary scenario, we used a supervised machine learning framework to process data generated from low fidelity coarse meshes and predict high fidelity solutions on refined mesh configurations. We considered two models simulating drug delivery to the arterial wall: (i) two-dimensional drug-coated balloons and (ii) three-dimensional drug-eluting stents. Simulations were performed on computational mesh configurations of increasing density. Supervised learners based on Gaussian process modelling were constructed from combinations of coarse mesh setting solutions of drug concentrations and nearest neighbourhood distance information as inputs, and higher fidelity mesh solutions as outputs. These learners were then used as computationally inexpensive surrogates to extend predictions using low fidelity information to higher levels of mesh refinement. The cross-validated, supervised learner-based predictions improved fidelity as compared with computational simulations performed at coarse level meshes—a result consistent across all outputs and computational models considered. Supervised learning on coarse mesh solutions can augment traditional physics-based modelling of complex physiologic phenomena. By obtaining efficient solutions at a fraction of the computational cost, this framework has the potential to transform how modelling approaches can be applied in the evaluation of medical technologies and their real-time administration in an increasingly personalized fashion.
Shaping Politics at Home Cross-Border Social Ties and Local-Level Political Engagement

The dramatic rise of democratic regimes around the world has coincided with an equally significant increase in migration, characterized by an unprecedented movement of people from emerging to established democracies. Through analysis of survey data from six Latin American countries, we offer an empirical evaluation of theoretical mechanisms through which migration can shape the political behaviors of non-migrants in sending nations. We find that individuals who have strong cross-border ties that connect them with relatives living in the United States are more likely to participate in local politics, sympathize with a political party, and persuade others to vote for a party. Those effects are influenced by the positive impact of cross-border ties on civic community involvement, political interest, and political efficacy. Moreover, the evidence suggests that frequent usage of the Internet among non-migrants with strong cross-border ties results in increased political knowledge, which contributes to their gr...
Polypoid dermal dendrocytic hamartoma in a giant congenital melanocytic nevus.

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) might be complicated by the development of several tumor types, mainly melanoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, but also poorly differentiated neoplasms. Striking polypoid exophytic masses occasionally result from neuroectodermal and neuromesenchymal hamartomatous overgrowths, which lends support to the concept of pluripotential melanoblastomatous and neurocristic origin of these lesions. The present report describes what appears to be a unique example of dermal hamartomatous polypoid CD34+ fibrogenic proliferation devoid of melanin, namely a dendrocytoma, surrounded by the melanocytes from the nevus, located in the skin of the scrotum against a background of giant CMN. The differential diagnosis included dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, giant-cell fibroblastoma, angiofibroma, Bednar tumor, other types of dermal dendrocytic hamartoma, and neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma. This case lends support to the proposed neurocristic origin of dermal fibrogenic cells.
Factors Related to Psychiatric Consultation for Schizophrenic Patients Receiving Medical Care

About half of the medical admissions of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder we studied required psychiatric consultation. In this patient population, psychiatric sonsultation was positively associated with younger age, longer length of stay, and admission through the emergency room or walk-in clinic and negatively associated with transfer from a state psychiatric facility. Whether patients with schizophrenia on schizoaffective disorder actually experienced worsening or improvement of their symptoms during medical hospitalization deserves further study.
Geometry Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge on a Flat Surface

We present four different shapes of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators for the inducement of fluid flow. Three-dimensional plasma governing equations have been solved based on in-house MIG flow code. We numerically test these actuators in quiescent air. Numerical results show plasma force vectors as well as detailed flow behaviors such as velocity and vorticity. Novel designs of three-dimensional (triangular, serpentine, and square) actuators produce much strong flow mixing downstream of the actuator than traditional two-dimensional (linear) actuators. Specifically, square actuator has the best performance in flow mixing than others. Three-dimensional effects such as pinching or spreading the neighboring fluid become an important index to enhance the performance of the actuator.
Winners and Losers of The Iranian Revolution: A Study in Income Distribution

The income inequality gap in prerevolutionary Iran was no doubt a contributing factor to the mass mobilization of Iranians in the 1979 Revolution. The Resolution of the Ashura March (December 11, 1978) demanded the establishment of “social justice, the right of workers and peasants to the full benefit from the product of their labor” and an end to “any form of discrimination, exploitation, profiteering and economic domination which may result in the accumulation of great wealth, on the one hand, and deprivation and poverty on the other.”
Muscle Strengthening Activity in Addition to Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults

Muscle strengthening activity (MSA) is known to have positive physical health benefits. Less is known about MSA and perceived health such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MSA and HRQOL among adults who are physically active. This study was a cross-sectional survey analysis using HRQOL as the dependent variable, MSA as the independent variable and age, sex, & education as control variables. A total of 523 adults who indicated participating in physical activity (PA) were included in the analysis. HRQOL was assessed using four different measures: 1) CDC’s single general health item, 2) CDC’s Healthy Days Index, 3) SF-36 physical component score (PCS), and 4) SF-36 mental component score (MCS). Data were analyzed by chi-square tests of independence, t-tests, and multiple logistic regression. Adults who participated in both MSA and PA were significantly more likely to report good HRQOL for general health (OR=3.39; CI: 1.66-6.93), unhealthy days (OR=1.62; CI: 1.07-2.47), and PCS (OR=1.99; CI: 1.23-3.22) as compared to adults who participated in PA alone. No significance was seen for MCS. This study found that participation in MSA in addition to PA increases the likelihood of reporting good HRQOL.
Size-selective concentration and label-free characterization of protein aggregates using a Raman active nanofluidic device

Trace detection and physicochemical characterization of protein aggregates have a large impact in understanding and diagnosing many diseases, such as ageing-related neurodegeneration and systemic amyloidosis, for which the formation of protein aggregates is one of the pathological hallmarks. Here we demonstrate an innovative label-free method for detecting and characterizing small amounts of early stage protein aggregates using a Raman active nanofluidic device. Sub-micrometre channels formed by a novel elastomeric collapse technique enable the separation and concentration of matured protein aggregates from small protein molecules. The Raman enhancement by gold nanoparticle clusters fixed below a micro/nanofluidic junction allows characterization of intrinsic properties of protein aggregates at concentration levels (∼fM) much lower than can be done with traditional analytical tools. With our device we show for the first time the concentration dependence of protein aggregation over these low concentration ranges. We expect that our method could facilitate definitive diagnosis and possible therapeutics of diseases at early stages.
A review of the development of chicken lines to resolve genes determining resistance to diseases.

The resolution of genes that determine resistance to disease is described using chicken lines maintained at the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL). This description includes a summary 1) of existing selected and inbred lines differing for resistance to viral-induced tumors, i.e., Marek's disease (MD) and lymphoid leukosis (LL), and of the use of inbred and line crosses to define relevant disease-resistant genes, e.g., TV, ALVE, B, R, LY4, TH1, BU1, and IGG1; 2) of the development of TVB*/ALVE congenic lines to establish the affects of endogenous virus (EV) expression on resistance to avian leukosis virus (ALV), and methods to detect ALVE expression; 3) of the development of B congenic lines to define the influence of the MHC on MD resistance and vaccinal immunity, for producing B antisera, and for evaluating DNA sequences of Class I and II genes; and 4) of the current development of 6C.7 recombinant congenic strains (RCS) to define the role of non-MHC genes influencing susceptibility to MD and LL tumors, immune competence, and epistatic effects of genes. The procedures of pedigree mating, to avoid or maintain inbreeding, and of blood-typing, to ensure genetic purity of the lines, are also described.
The Multics Input/Output system

An I/0 system has been implemented in the Multics system that facilitates dynamic switching of I/0 devices. This switching is accomplished by providing a general interface for all I/O devices that allows all equivalent operations on different devices to be expressed in the same way. Also particular devices are referenced by symbolic names and the binding of names to devices can be dynamically modified. Available I/0 operations range from a set of basic I/0 calls that require almost no knowledge of the I/O System or the I/0 device being used to fully general calls that permit one to take full advantage of all features of an I/O device but require considerable knowledge of the I/0 System and the device. The I/O System is described and some popular applications of it, illustrating these features, are presented.
Atomic and electronic structure of superionic solid electrolyte Li 10 GeP 2 S 12

We investigate the electronic structure of interstitial Li and Li vacancy in Li10GeP2S12 by first principles calculations. We find that the Li vacancy and interstitial Li+ ion do not introduce states in the band gap hence they do not deteriorate the electronic properties of Li10GeP2S12. The energy barrier for Li interstitial diffusion in Li10GeP2S12 is estimated to be 1.4 eV, which is much larger than that of the Li vacancy in Li10GeP2S12. This fact suggests that the ion conductivity arises from the migration of Li vacancy.
High switching frequency, high efficiency CLL resonant converter with synchronous rectifier

In this paper, a CLL resonant tank (CLL) is presented as an attractive option in the front-end applications as DC/DC converter. This topology can achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) from zero load to full load, low turn off loss, ZCS for output rectifier, and easy to realize secondary rectification. A novel design methodology of CLL resonant converter is proposed based on the trade-off among efficiency, hold up time and ZVS requirement. A transformer structure for better performance in high frequency application is proposed. And current type synchronous rectifier (SR) drive scheme is used in this topology. An 800kHz, 300W CLL resonant converter prototype is made to verify the proposed design method.
Thermo-mechanical failure comparison and evaluation of CCGA and CBGA electronic packages

The needed number of inpuuoutput (YO) interconnections on itri C~CC~ITJII~C nac1i;tlrc has grown to over 2000 for many applications [l]. Ceramic area array packages have gained popularity for high VO applications due to their proven thmo-mechanical reliability and fairly standard assembly techniques. With the increase in the number of VOs, the need to reduce the package size, and the need to ensure reliability in harsh conditions, thermo-mechanical reliability of ceramic packages on organic hoards continues to he a concem. In this paper, the thenno-mechanical reliability of high VO CBGA (Ceramic Ball Grid Array) and CCGA (Ceramic Column Grid Array) packages are studied through an experimental and a theoretical program. The theoretical part of this study will use the f~teelement method (FEM) with time-dependent viscoplastic constitutive behavior for 9OPblOSn and 63Sn37Pb solder. The experimental part of this study will use Accelerated Thermal Cycling (ATC) test data from literature and in-house experiments to validate the FE models. The effect of several parameters on CCGA and CBGA packages thermomechanical fatigue life will he studied the board thickness, the substrate thickness, the size of the substrate, the material of the substrate, and the pitch of the solder joints. Guidelines are provided for selecting appropriate packages based on thermo-mechanical failure mechanisms of each package. FEM results for a CCGA package with a HITCE glass ceramic substrate and shortened (1.27mm) columns are also presented.
Comparison of microsatellite DNA diversity among commercial queen breeder stocks of Italian honey bees in the United States and Italy

SummaryDeclines in the numbers of breeder honey bee queens and the concomitant loss of genetic diversity could potentially result in inbreeding, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Genetic diversity of commercial Italian bee colonies in the United States and Italy was assessed using six variable microsatellite DNA loci. Worker bees were sampled from colonies of queen breeders in both countries (USA, n = 18; Italy, n = 24). Overall, allelic richness (mean alleles/locus), gene diversity (heterozygosity), and FIS (inbreeding coefficient) did not differ between the two groups. A total of 48 alleles were present among all colonies. Sampled colonies from each country had a total of 38 alleles, although alleles were present that were unique to each group. There were a total of 10 unique alleles among USA bees and 10 among Italian bees. Estimates of the level of genetic differentiation based on different allele frequency patterns among the USA and Italian bees were measured with the population gen...
EPR and Optical‐Absorption Studies of Cu2+‐Doped Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O Single Crystal

X-band EPR measurements on a single crystal of Cu2+-doped magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O, are made at 295, 77, and 4.2 K. The Cu2+ spin-Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated, at all these temperatures, from the EPR line positions by means of a rigorous leastsquares fitting method. The principal values of the g2 and A2 tensors indicate that the local symmetry of the Cu2+ ion, in the host lattice of Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O crystal, is tetragonal. The room-temperature optical-absorption spectrum, recorded in the 190 to 820 nm wavelength range, is exploited to study the crystal-field and charge-transfer transitions of the Cu2+ ion. On the other hand, both the room-temperature optical-absorption and EPR data are used to estimate the core polarization contribution (K) and the molecular-orbital coefficients for the Cu2+ ion doping Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O. On a mesure le RPE a bande-X sur un monocristal de Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O, dope par l'ion Cu2+ a 295, a 77 et a 4,2 K. Les parametres du spin hamiltonian du Cu2+ ont ete evalues, a toutes ces temperatures, par une methode rigoureuse d'adatation aux moindres carres, utilisant les positions des raies RPE. Les valeurs principales des tenseurs g2 et A2 indiquent que la symetrie locale de l'ion Cu2+, dans le reseau-hǒte du cristal de Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O, est tetragonal. Le spectre d'absorption optique, a la temperature ambinate, enregistre dans l'intervalle de longueur d'onde 190 a 820 nm, a ete exploite afin d'etudier les transitions du champ cristallin, ainsi que celles du transfert de charge. D'un autre cote, a la fois les donees d'absorption optique et les donnees de RPE, a la temperature ambiante, ont ete utilisees, afin d'estimer la contribution de la polarisation du core et des coefficients de l'orbite moleculaire pour l'ion Cu2+ dopant Mg(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O.
Shallow velocity model of the Rio Grande rift near Socorro, New Mexico

A compressional-wave velocity model is presented for the upper few kilometres of the southern Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico. The velocities are determined from refractions (that is, first arrivals) on individual COCORP seismic reflection records. For the eastern third of the rift (line 1), the refractions are clear, and it is possible to define the gross structure in addition to the predominant velocity layers of 2.8, 3.7, 4.5, and 6.1 km/s. The detailed structure for much of line 1A cannot be determined. The alluvium is thicker and the data quality poorer for the western two-thirds of the rift, but it is possible to recognize some of the velocity layers seen on line 1. Sonic-log data are used to correlate the observed velocity data with the stratigraphy. The observed velocity model implies pronounced variations in thicknesses of the Tertiary, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic strata and extreme structural relief of the crystalline basement. The most conspicuous feature shown by the velocity data is a horst, an intrarift uplift of the Precambrian basement.
Changes to the landscape pattern of coastal North Carolina wetlands under the Clean Water Act, 1984-1992

Wetland management in the United States is organized through a permit process that requires a permit be filed with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers prior to wetland alteration. A collection of these permits from 1984 through 1992 was analyzed in conjunction with classified Landsat Thematic Mapper data from 1984 and 1992 in order to quantify changes to wetland habitat in the study area in coastal North Carolina. The wetland management process in the U.S. focuses on a site-by-site review, possibly overlooking important changes to wetlands at the landscape-scale. These the two datasets were used to determine if wetland habitat loss was occurring at permit sites, but also to determine if landscape-scale wetland fragmentation and reorganization were occurring in the area surrounding each permit site under the wetland management process. The use of these two datasets attempted to span two scales: the site-specific scale often used in the management of wetlands, and the landscape-scale where effects of such management are evident. Important conclusions from the research include the following. First, while several sources imply that coastal wetlands are disproportionately protected as a result of the widespread recognition of their habitat value, estuarine wetlands were altered much more frequently in the study area than their inland counterparts. Second, despite federal level efforts that require compensatory mitigation when wetland habitat is lost, such mitigation was required in only three percent of permits, ensuring wetland loss. Third, correlation between estimates of wetland loss from the Permit Record and from the remotely sensed record was minimal, highlighting the problems inherent to wetland delineation and implying alterations to habitat not evidenced in the permit record. Finally, landscape-scale changes of loss, fragmentation and habitat reorganization have occurred in estuarine emergent wetland habitat in areas adjacent to several permit sites, implying unanticipated additional impacts to permitted actions. Wetland loss at the permit site occurred with additional fragmentation in 80 percent of the sites examined. The results highlight the lack of agreement between management and landscape-scale wetland structure, function and change, and imply the importance of examining the spatial context of permit sites in the permit review and evaluation procedure.
A Robust Model of Bubbles with Multidimensional Uncertainty

Boom-bust episodes in asset markets have often been interpreted by observers as speculative frenzies where asymmetrically informed investors buy overvalued assets hoping to sell to a greater fool before the crash. While intuitively appealing, this notion of speculative bubbles has been difficult to reconcile with standard economic theory. Existing models of speculation have been criticized on the basis that they assume irrationality, that prices are somewhat unresponsiveness to sales, or that they depend on fragile, knife-edge restrictions. To address these issues, I construct a rational version of Abreu and Brunnermeier (2003), where agents invest growing endowments into an asset, fueling appreciation and eventual overvaluation. Riding bubbles is optimal as long as the price grows quickly and there is a probability of exiting before the crash. This probability increases with the amount of noise in the economy, as random price flucutations make it difficult for agents to infer sales from the price.
Quantitative measurements of alternating finger tapping in Parkinson's disease correlate with UPDRS motor disability and reveal the improvement in fine motor control from medication and deep brain stimulation

The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is the primary outcome measure in most clinical trials of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutics. Each subscore of the motor section (UPDRS III) compresses a wide range of motor performance into a coarse-grained scale from 0 to 4; the assessment of performance can also be subjective. Quantitative digitography (QDG) is an objective, quantitative assessment of digital motor control using a computer-interfaced musical keyboard. In this study, we show that the kinematics of a repetitive alternating finger-tapping (RAFT) task using QDG correlate with the UPDRS motor score, particularly with the bradykinesia subscore, in 33 patients with PD. We show that dopaminergic medication and an average of 9.5 months of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (B-STN DBS) significantly improve UPDRS and QDG scores but may have different effects on certain kinematic parameters. This study substantiates the use of QDG to measure motor outcome in trials of PD therapeutics and shows that medication and B-STN DBS both improve fine motor control. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Cutting Edge: Localization of the Host Recognition Functions of Complement Factor H at the Carboxyl-Terminal: Implications for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Incidents of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) include a subset of patients that exhibit mutations in C factor H. These mutations cluster in the C-terminal domains of factor H where previous reports have identified polyanion and C3b-binding sites. In this study, we show that recombinant human factor H with deletions at the C-terminal end of the protein loses the ability to control the spontaneous activation of the alternative C pathway on host-like surfaces. For the pathology of HUS, the findings imply that mutations that disrupt the normal functions of the C-terminal domains prevent host polyanion recognition. The resulting uncontrolled activation of complement on susceptible host tissues appears to be the initiating event behind the acute renal failure of familial HUS patients.
Using Population Projection Matrices to Evaluate Recovery Strategies for Snake River Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon

Abstract: I explored the efficacy of alternative actions to recover threatened Snake River chinook salmon ( Onchorhyncus tshawytscha ). I compared the potential to increase population growth rates from two different actions: ( 1 ) habitat restoration efforts, aimed at increasing egg-to-smolt survival rate, and ( 2 ) dam breaching, intended to improve smolt-to-spawner survival. Eight dams obstruct the migration corridor these populations traverse as juveniles ( downstream ) and as adults ( upstream ), and a large portion of the juvenile migrants are collected and transported past most of the dams on barges or trucks. I applied sensitivity, elasticity, and direct perturbation analyses to an age-structured projection matrix to predict potential effects from simultaneous, nonproportional changes in multiple survival rates. Throughout the analyses, I explicitly incorporated alternative assumptions about the effectiveness of transportation, which is known to be influential. Results of the numerical experiments suggest that dam breaching has more potential to increase population growth rates than habitat restoration, except for the most optimistic assumption about the efficacy of transportation. I then fit the matrix to historical data to identify life stages in which actual decreases in survival rates have caused the observed declines in abundance. There was no reduction in egg-to-smolt survival, indicating that neither habitat deterioration nor hatchery impacts ( in that life stage ) caused the stocks to decline. The large decrease in smolt-to-adult survival rate from the historical period, when there were fewer dams, is consistent with the hypothesis that increased stress from transportation and passage through additional dams on the Snake River has elevated delayed mortality levels.
Low-temperature Dyeing of Wool Processed for Shrinkage Control:

Wool fabrics treated for shrinkage control by applying a novel two-step ARS process3 involving an activated peroxide bleach followed by enzyme treatment were dyed at lower temperatures within short...
Computer simulation of innovation implementation strategies

Many interventions that are effective in one setting may be ineffective or even harmful in other settings. This poses a problem for organizations and communities planning the implementation of new programs, policies, and practices. This paper introduces the use of system dynamics computer simulation of real options to design implementation strategies in complex social systems. The approach is illustrated with an example of domestic violence community interventions involving the implementation coordination and victim advocacy to reduce the unintended consequence of victim arrests from a mandatory arrest policy. Results show that there are potential benefits to using a real options approach.
The role of paraprofessionals at the reference desk.

Description d'une experience realisee au service de reference de la bibliotheque de Medecine de Californie (UCLA) d'utilisation d'un personnel paraprofessionnel employe comme assistant au service de reference. Elle est concue comme une alternative au service traditionnel du bibliothecaire de reference
THE MECHANISM OF TONGUE PROTRACTION DURING PREY CAPTURE IN THE FROG DISCOGLOSSUS PICTUS

The mechanism of tongue protraction in the archaeobatrachian frog Discoglossus pictus was studied using high-speed video motion analysis before and after denervation of the submentalis and genioglossus muscles. The kinematics of prey capture were compared (1) between successful and unsuccessful feeding attempts before surgery; (2) before and after denervation of the m. submentalis; and (3) before and after denervation of the m. genioglossus. Prey capture by D. pictus is similar to that of Ascaphus truei , hypothesized to be the sister group of all other living frogs. These archaeobatrachians have tongues of limited protrusibility (maximum tongue reach=0.21-0.27cm) and lunge forward with the whole body to catch prey. In Discoglossus , unsuccessful attempts to capture prey differ from successful captures in having a longer duration of most kinematic variables. These results suggest that kinematic events are postponed in unsuccessful attempts at prey capture, owing to the absence of the somatosensory feedback that results from successful prey contact. Denervation of the m. submentalis prevents mandibular bending, but does not affect tongue protraction. Denervation of the m. genioglossus significantly decreases maximum tongue reach and maximum tongue height, but does not affect mandibular bending. The m. submentalis is necessary for mandibular bending, but neither mandibular bending nor m. submentalis activity are necessary or sufficient for tongue protraction. The m. genioglossus is necessary for normal tongue protraction. It does more than stiffen and support the tongue. These results are not consistent with the current model of tongue protraction developed for the neobatrachian toad Bufo marinus . If this model withstands the denervation test in Bufo marinus , then archaeobatrachians and neobatrachians must differ in their mechanisms of tongue protraction. Note: Present address: Brain Research Institute FB2, University of Bremen, D-2800 Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Lithologic controls on valley width and strath terrace formation

Abstract Valley width and the degree of bedrock river terrace development vary with lithology in the Willapa and Nehalem river basins, Pacific Northwest, USA. Here, we present field-based evidence for the mechanisms by which lithology controls floodplain width and bedrock terrace formation in erosion-resistant and easily friable lithologies. We mapped valley surfaces in both basins, dated straths using radiocarbon, compared valley width versus drainage area for basalt and sedimentary bedrock valleys, and constructed slope-area plots. In the friable sedimentary bedrock, valleys are 2 to 3 times wider, host flights of strath terraces, and have concavity values near 1; whereas the erosion-resistant basalt bedrock forms narrow valleys with poorly developed, localized, or no bedrock terraces and a channel steepness index half that of the friable bedrock and an average channel concavity of about 0.5. The oldest dated strath terrace on the Willapa River, T2, was active for nearly 10,000 years, from 11,265 to 2862 calibrated years before present (cal YBP), whereas the youngest terrace, T1, is Anthropocene in age and recently abandoned. Incision rates derived from terrace ages average 0.32 mm y− 1 for T2 and 11.47 mm y− 1 for T1. Our results indicate bedrock weathering properties influence valley width through the creation of a dense fracture network in the friable bedrock that results in high rates of lateral erosion of exposed bedrock banks. Conversely, the erosion-resistant bedrock has concavity values more typical of detachment-limited streams, exhibits a sparse fracture network, and displays evidence for infrequent episodic block erosion and plucking. Lithology thereby plays a direct role on the rates of lateral erosion, influencing valley width and the potential for strath terrace planation and preservation.
Aeroacoustic predictions of a wing-flap configuration in three dimensions

The preliminary investigation of an efficient method for predicting the aeroacouatic performance of high-lift wing configurations le presented. An unsteady pane1 code is used to solve for the velocity potential on the surface of the wing assuming that the flow is inviscid, subsonic, isentropic, and irrotational off the surfaces of the wing and wakes. The unsteady Kutta condition is used to mode1 the shedding of vorticity from the sharp trailing edges of the main element and the flap. The surface potential is then used as input to evaluate the acoustic signal in the far fleld. The method was applied to a simple rectangular wing and flap geometry subjected to impuleively started flow. A prediction for the increase in total radiated acoustical energy with increasing flap deflection angle was quantifled as a preliminary demonstration of the capabilit& of the propoeed method.
THE FINAL RESULTS OF THE IXCELL-DCM TRIAL: TRANSENDOCARDIAL INJECTION OF IXMYELOCEL-T IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Ixmyelocel-T is a patient-specific, expanded, multicellular therapy produced from a patient’s own bone marrow. It’s produced by selectively expanding two key types of bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells and CD45+CD14+ autofluorescent alternatively activated macrophages.
Viscous Regularization for the Non-equilibrium Seven-Equation Two-Phase Flow Model

In this paper, a viscous regularization is derived for the non-equilibrium seven-equation two-phase flow model (SEM). This regularization, based on an entropy condition, is an artificial viscosity stabilization technique that selects a weak solution satisfying an entropy-minimum principle. The viscous regularization ensures nonnegativity of the entropy residual, is consistent with the viscous regularization for Euler equations when one phase disappears, does not depend on the spatial discretization scheme chosen, and is compatible with the generalized Harten entropies. We investigate the behavior of the proposed viscous regularization for two important limit-cases. First, a Chapman---Enskog expansion is performed for the regularized SEM and we show that the five-equation flow model of Kapila is recovered with a well-scaled viscous regularization. Second, a low-Mach asymptotic limit of the regularized seven-equation flow model is carried out whereby the scaling of the non-dimensional numbers associated with the viscous terms is determined such that an incompressible two-phase flow model, with a properly scaled regularization, is recovered. Both limit-cases are illustrated with one-dimensional numerical results, including two-phase flow shock tube tests and steady-state two-phase flows in converging-diverging nozzles. A continuous finite element discretization is employed for all numerical simulations.
Assessment and management of food safety risks.

The scientific community believes that the U.S. food supply is as safe as any. Obviously, there are areas in need to improvement and it is clear that the scientific priorities are different from those of the lay public. There is concern that these differences in priorities have been translated into policy that may be misdirected. Such misdirected by policy could result in the less than optimal use of finite resources. One solution proposed to solve this dilemma is to improve risk assessment techniques and to more effectively communicate concepts related to risk. All must share this responsibility.
Scleroderma of the small intestine.

Involvement of the small intestine in scleroderma appears to be more common than was formerly supposed. The cause of the disease is obscure, and the clinical states associated with it range from sp...
Enhanced Thermographic Imaging for Subsurface Flaw Detection by Full-Field Heating of the Inspected Surface

Subsurface imaging using the thermal wave generated by the absorption of a focused laser beam is an attractive approach for the nondestructive testing (NDT) of industrial materials and structures (see, e.g., ref [1] for a review). As this technology matures toward an industrial-floor procedure, practical considerations such as the time required to scan relatively large parts are receiving an increasing amount of attention.
Perioperative and oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive liver resection for colorectal metastases: A case-control study of 130 patients.

Background Our aim was to compare the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of open liver resection and minimally invasive liver resection in the management of colorectal liver metastases. Methods Patients who underwent minimally invasive liver resection for colorectal liver metastases between January 2006 and June 2015 at a single center were identified and matched by extent of resection to consecutive open liver resection patients from the same period. Clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative data, recurrence, and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed based on intention-to-treat. Results Sixty-five patients underwent minimally invasive liver resection during this period and were matched to 65 consecutive open liver resection patients, with similar baseline demographic, tumor, and chemotherapy parameters. Conversion to open occurred in 5 (7.7%) minimally invasive liver resection patients. R0 resection rates and operative times were comparable, but the estimated blood loss was less in the minimally invasive liver resection group (median 200 mL vs 400 mL, P Conclusion In selected patients with colorectal liver metastases, minimally invasive liver resection resulted in similar oncologic outcomes, with decreased blood loss and shorter duration of stay compared to patients who underwent open liver resection.
Ways of thinking about the future: Implications for nontraditional graduate education

Post-secondary educational institutions are characterized by their seemingly inherent resistance to the nontraditional. Understanding ways of thinking about the future, however, will help the educator who has nontraditional ideas to plan and implement these ideas more effectively. This article presents different orientations to thinking about the future and employs futures analysis techniques for discussing some of the major ideas in the previous articles in this special journal issue.
Evaluation of a 5-Color Flow Cytometric Technique for Immunophenotyping and Quantitation of Plasma Cell Myeloma in Post-Therapy Bone Marrows.

Multiparameter flow cytometry is a useful tool for comprehensive immunophenotyping of plasma cell myeloma, and has been proposed as a sensitive method for the evaluation of minimal residual disease in patients following treatment. This study aimed to assess the value of flow cytometry in quantitation of residual disease, in comparison to routine morphologic examination of first-pull bone marrow aspirate smears, in myeloma patients post-therapy. Heparinized bone marrow aspirates were obtained from 27 treated patients with plasma cell myeloma. Cells were prepared for 5-color flow cytometric analysis within 24-hours of specimen draw. Surface membrane staining with anti-CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45, CD56, and CD138 was followed by ammonium chloride lysis of red cells. Fixed and permeabilized cells were analyzed for cytoplasmic light chains to confirm clonality. Data were acquired using an FC500 flow cytometer (Beckman-Coulter), analyzed with CXP software with plasma cells isolated based on bright CD38+ or CD138+ expression. A median of 97,639 cellular events (range 14,279 to 262,508) were collected per analysis. Flow cytometric enumeration of plasma cells was compared to 500-cell differential counts of Wright-Giemsa-stained first-pull aspirate smears from the same cases. The median plasma cell count as determined by flow cytometry was 0.5% (range 0–7.9%). The median plasma cell count estimated by morphologic review was 8.0% (range 0–84.4%). Flow cytometry underestimated the plasma cell content in all but one case. Clonal plasma cells expressed CD38 and CD138 in all cases; 87.5% (21/24) coexpressed CD56, 25% (6/24) coexpressed CD45, and 4.2% (1/24) coexpressed CD19. None was positive for CD20. Although detection of minimal residual disease after therapy for acute leukemia is routinely achieved by flow cytometric analysis, successful quantitation of minimal residual disease in treated myeloma patients using flow cytometry remains limited as it usually underestimates the plasma cell content of bone marrow samples compared to routine morphology of first-pull aspirates. We have observed that this holds true for both pre-treatment and post-treatment specimens. Causes for the discrepancy may include hemodilution of second-pull aspirates used for flow cytometry, fragility and loss of plasma cells during preparation for flow cytometry, and incomplete disaggregation of plasma cells from bone marrow spicules. With improved outcome of treatments, better and more reliable methods of detection of minimal residual disease are needed for optimal prognostic stratification. We are currently validating alternative methods, which may offer more sensitivity while at the same time allow more objectivity, for assessing the amount of minimal residual disease in myeloma patients.
Quantum plasmonic and electromagnetic coupling in plasmon rulers: new opportunities for imaging and sensing at the nanoscale

Gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum where the incident light excites coherent collective oscillations (plasmons) of conduction band electrons. The distance dependent near-field coupling between the nanoparticles leads to spectral shifts in the far-field, which makes plasmonic molecules unique distance sensors on the nanoscale. In general, two distinct coupling regimes can be differentiated in the near-field: the classical electromagnetic coupling regime and the quantum plasmonic coupling regime at very short interparticle separations. The plasmon driven charge transfer between nanoparticles in the quantum plasmonic regime is currently of high interest for developing new non-linear spectroscopies and sensors, but the role of molecules in the gap between the nanoparticles remains insufficiently understood. We investigated the impact of DNA on the transition from the classical coupling regime to the quantum plasmonic coupling regime. We found that for separations beyond approx. 2.8 nm, classical electromagnetic coupling dominates the spectral response of coupled nanoparticles. At shorter separations, the recorded spectra are significantly blue-shifted when compared to the classical prediction, indicative of quantum plasmonic effects. The presence of the DNA was crucial to sustain the spectral blue-shifts, indicating coherent charge transfer across the DNA as main cause for the effective depolarization of the Plasmon Ruler.
Introduction to Biodiversity

Biodiversity has finally entered conversations among scientists and the populace at large as a common topic. With news about high rates of species loss and increased extinction rates, getting an idea of the wealth of species on our planet takes on an air of urgency and significance. In about 250 years of applying scientific names, we have managed to work through only a fraction of what is believed to be out there. Part of human nature involves collecting and categorizing the things around us. Our priority and primordial purpose for keeping collections and catalogs can vary from simple curiosity to economic interests. Only recently has biodiversity, in and of itself, come to be regarded as a valuable resource. Undoubtedly, every species plays a role in nature and as such, has potential to provide humankind rewards at some level.
Psychosocial Treatments in Pain Management of Sickle Cell Disease

The principal symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD) is pain. Many studies have been conducted on pain management strategies for this illness. There is recognition that psychosocial factors influence clinical disease outcomes; therefore, more attention is being provided to behavioral interventions that address psychosocial problems. This review examines the psychosocial interventions that have been researched for children and adults with SCD, the limitations of these studies, and barriers to implementing the treatments. The intervention receiving the most empirical support was cognitive-behavioral therapy. Additional research is needed to define the efficacy and effectiveness of the other psychosocial treatments. Suggestions for future investigations include conducting research that has better methodology, and providing more education for health care providers about psychosocial treatments and the importance of considering cultural factors in health care delivery. In addition, individuals with SCD need to have more information about their illness and better access to psychosocial interventions.
A Case Report on Suspected Levamisole-Induced Pseudovasculitis.

Introduction Levamisole-induced pseudovasculitis should be considered in patients with inconsistent anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) pattern and history of cocaine use. Case presentation A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department with symptoms of bilateral pulmonary emboli. His hospital course was complicated by multiple end organ failure, which improved dramatically with prednisone. Although he was diagnosed previously with granulomatosis with polyangiitis due to positive proteinase 3 (PR3), myeloperoxidase (MPO), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) and cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA) markers, his longstanding cocaine use and history of skin ulcers, thrombotic events, and febrile illnesses suggested a diagnosis of levamisole-induced pseudovasculitis instead. Discussion Differentiating between vasculitides can be challenging due to similar clinical and laboratory findings. To differentiate the two, biopsies should be obtained. The absence of granulomas or leukocytoclasia, and the presence of vasculopathic purpura, should guide clinicians toward pseudovasculitis. Conclusion It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for pseudovasculitis because long-term corticosteroid use to treat granulomatosis with polyangiitis can lead to detrimental effects.
Anton Klyachko: Car Crashes

A little-known theorem with a great name has surprisingly deep importance in group theory. This chapter presents both its proof and its potentially extandable application.
Curriculum reform and evolution: Innovative content and processes at one US medical school.

Aim: Curriculum reform in medical schools continues to be an ever-present and challenging activity in medical education. This paper describes one school’s experiences with specific curricular innov...
An Injection Frequency-Locked Loop—Autonomous Injection Frequency Tracking Loop With Phase Noise Self-Calibration for Power-Efficient mm-Wave Signal Sources

This paper presents a fast and autonomous injection frequency tracking and locking technique. In the present injection-locking system, a quadrature injection-locked oscillator (QILO) is third harmonically locked to a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO). In the frequency tracking loop, the frequency difference between QVCO and QILO is extracted using the QILO’s amplitude modulated (AM) envelope waveform. The AM frequency of the envelope signal bears frequency difference between the two oscillators. The envelope signal is further converted to pulse signal which subsequently drives digital feedback control circuitry to update the QILO’s output frequency so that it can track the third harmonic of the injection QVCO. The frequency calibration process is purely autonomous, self-initiating whenever the AM modulated envelope waveform is generated. The feedback signal is primarily processed in the digital domain, resulting in a compact, fast, and power-efficient injection frequency-locked loop (IFLL). By incorporating a phase noise (PN) calibration routine after completing the frequency calibration, the presented IFLL resolves the intractable issue of PN degradation at the edge of the slave oscillator’s injection locking range. This results in a large injection frequency tracking range of 26.5–29.7 GHz which is only limited by the QILO’s LC tank tuning range. The IFLL realized in 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS consumes 2.4 mW with a negligible area penalty. Overall chip size including QVCO, QILO, and IFLL is $1 \times 1$ mm2.