cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Excursion into the Uncharted Waters of the Seventeenth Amendment

The Seventeenth Amendment mandates that Senators shall be "elected by the people." In the event that a Senate vacancy occurs, the Seventeenth Amendment allows a state's legislature to "empower the executive [of the State] to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct." In this Article, Professor Laura Little analyzes the Third Circuit's opinion in Trinsey v. Pennsylvania, a case that arose in the aftermath of Senator John Heinz's 1991 death, and addressed the constitutionality of Pennsylvania's temporary appointment statute.The issue in Trinsey was whether the Seventeenth Amendment allows a state to forego a primary election in choosing candidates to fill the Senate vacancy, instead empowering political party committees to select the candidates, which is what title 25, section 2776 of the Pennsylvania Statutes provides for. Reversing the trial court's determination that section 2776 was unconstitutional, the Third Circuit held that the Seventeenth Amendment did not require a state to hold primary elections when filling Senate vacancies. Professor Little criticizes the Trinsey opinion for its failure to address arguments and concerns on both sides of the issue, thereby passing up an opportunity to provide much-needed guidance on the Amendment's meaning. In her own analysis, Professor Little notes that the Trinsey opinion fails to take into consideration many factors such as the importance of primary elections in Pennsylvania's political process, the specific evils that the Seventeenth Amendment as a whole was meant to cure through requiring more democratic procedures for electing state senators, and the resemblance of section 2776's procedures with the same procedures that Congress rejected through the Seventeenth Amendment. Although Professor Little concedes that exigency may have required the one-sided approach to the issue, she expresses particular concern that given the dearth of judicial precedent dealing with the Seventeenth Amendment, the Trinsey opinion will end up creating substantial uncertainty and confusion for lower courts and future litigants who are unable to discern the limits of the decision. Professor Little thus ends the article with a general jurisprudential discussion of the importance of candor in judicial decisions.
What Is the Role of MR Spectroscopy in the Evaluation and Treatment of Brain Neoplasms

The examination and treatment of a patient with a malignant neoplasm of the brain involves many factors. First, a diagnosis must be established. This usually begins with diagnostic imaging studies, such as MR, followed by surgical biopsies or resections of the lesion in question. Histologic analysis
Supplement to a Strategic Model of Magical Thinking: Axioms and Analysis

We establish that in the Prisoners' Dilemma, the model of Daley and Sadowski (2014) is logically distinct from three models that employ well-known forms of other-regarding preferences: altruism (Ledyard, 1995; Levine, 1998), inequity aversion (Fehr and Schmidt, 1999), and reciprocity (Rabin, 1993).The paper "A Strategic Model of Magical Thinking: Axioms and Analysis" to which this supplement applies is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2507377
An in situ high-pressure NMR study of sodium coordination environment compressibility in albite glass

The pressure-dependent modification of the Na-O coordination environment in albite glass is studied in situ to 2 GPa using high-pressure solid-state 23 Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compression of the glass at ambient-temperature results in shortening of the Na-O bond distance. The concomitant decrease in volume of the local Na-O coordination environment alone can account for the bulk compressibility of albite glass at 300 K. These results provide the first direct experimental evidence of a collapse of the open aluminosilicate framework that helps explain previously reported densification of aluminosilicate glasses and liquids at relatively low pressures without accompanying change in the average coordination number of the network forming Al and Si cations. Such structural changes at relatively low pressures may have far reaching implications for the mechanistic understanding of compressibility and viscosity anomalies characteristic of open tetrahedral aluminosilicate network glasses and melts of geological importance.
A Review of “The Pathology of Homicide”

The subtitle of this book reads “A Vade Mecum for Pathologist, Prosecutor and Defense Counsel.” It is indeed a vade mecum, in the sense that it is “a book for ready reference” (Def. 1). We do not recommend that it be “regularly carried about by a person” (Def. 2). Weighing nearly 2.6 kg, this handbook is more like a tome.
Research of Comprehensive Effectiveness Assessment Based on DEA Method for AS/PAT Aircraft

In this article, the basic methods of effective analysis of weapon systems are introduced as well as the basic concepts of DEA method. Then the method is used in the analysis of four types of fixed-wing anti-submarine patrol aircraft as a sample. The mean of effectiveness and result as well as the choice of effective factor are also discussed.
Discussion on Professional Library Carrying out Information Literacy Education for Medical Personnel

The paper discusses the necessity of promoting information literacy of medical personnel and the ways of medical professional library carrying out information literacy education,including strengthening propaganda,carrying out multi-level information competency training,integrating information resources,enhancing network consulting services,improving librarians' information literacy,etc.
ACCIDENTAL SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZER POISONING IN PREGNANT EWES

Consumption of superphosphate fertilizer by 200 pregnant ewes resulted in signs of toxicosis in 41 ewes, 14 of which died. Predominant clinical signs were marked teeth grinding, voluminous diarrhea, CNS depression, apparent blindness, and a stiff-legged atactic gait. Biochemical abnormalities were hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and a high anion gap. The primary toxic principal in superphosphate fertilizers is the fluorine contaminant; however, calcium pyrophosphate and calcium orthophosphate also contribute to toxicosis, which results in acute proximal renal tubular necrosis. Voluntary consumption of superphosphate fertilizer in well-fed livestock is not expected, and was believed to be related to the lack of availability of salt.
Classification of Cortical Brain Malformations

Clinical, radiological, and genetic classifications of 113 cases of malformations of cortical development (MCD) were evaluated at the Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Applications of Small-n Research Design in Child and Adolescent Sexuality

Group-based experimental designs employ random assignment, statistical probability, and sample size to establish causality between measured variables. While such programs of study are helpful when evaluating and comparing treatment effectiveness in large populations, small-n designs complement traditional large-group experimental paradigms by providing individual-level response to treatment/intervention, which is highly valued when exploring challenging phenomena within child and adolescent sexual development. This chapter aims to broaden the methodological repertoire of existing clinicians and researchers operating in the field of child and adolescent sexual development through the introduction of the most frequently employed small-n methods, and includes examples and considerations for normative and problematic sexualized behavior of children and adolescents.
Fluorite and Related Type Oxide Buffer Layers for Y-123 Coated Conductors Studied by IBAD Method

Biaxially aligned growth were studied for fluorite type (YSZ, CeO2) and rare-earth C type (Y2O3) oxide films on polycrystalline Ni-based alloy substrates by IBAD method. Cube-textured (all axes aligned with a axis substrate normal) YSZ, Ce02 films were obtained by low energy (<300eV) ion bombardment at low temperatures (<300°C). Besides, cube textured Y2O3 films were obtained in far narrow conditions with a quite low energy (150eV)-ion bombardment at the temperature of 300°C.
Measurement of Hydrogen Absorption in Ternary Alloys with Volumetric (Sieverts Loop) Techniques

The Sieverts loop is an inexpensive, robust and reliable methodology for calculating hydrogen absorption in materials [1]. In this approach, we start by storing a sample of the material being tested in the volume Vcell (Figure 1) and initiate the process by producing a high vacuum in the system while the material sample is heated to eliminate (most of) the hydrogen and other impurities previously absorbed. The system typically operates isothermally, with the volume Vref at ambient temperature and the sample at a temperature of interest – high enough to liquefy the alloy for the current application to nuclear fusion.
Ultrasound and MRI predictors of surgical bowel resection in pediatric Crohn disease

Imaging predictors for surgery in children with Crohn disease are lacking. To identify imaging features of the terminal ileum on short-interval bowel ultrasound (US) and MR enterography (MRE) in children with Crohn disease requiring surgical bowel resection and those managed by medical therapy alone. This retrospective study evaluated patients 18 years and younger with Crohn disease undergoing short-interval bowel US and MRE (within 2 months of one another), as well as subsequent ileocecectomy or endoscopy within 3 months of imaging. Appearance of the terminal ileum on both modalities was compared between surgical patients and those managed with medical therapy, with the following parameters assessed: bowel wall thickness, mural stratification, vascularity, fibrofatty proliferation, abscess, fistula and stricture on bowel US; bowel wall thickness, T2 ratio, enhancement pattern, mesenteric edema, fibrofatty proliferation, abscess, fistula and stricture on MRE. A two-sided t-test was used to compare means, a Mann–Whitney U analysis was used for non-parametric parameter scores, and a chi-square or two-sided Fisher exact test compared categorical variables. Imaging findings in surgical patients were correlated with location-matched histopathological scores of inflammation and fibrosis using a scoring system adapted from the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn Disease, and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to compare inflammation and fibrosis on histopathology. Twenty-two surgical patients (mean age: 16.5 years; male/female: 13/9) and 20 nonsurgical patients (mean age: 14.8; M/F: 8/12) were included in the final analysis. On US, the surgical group demonstrated significantly increased mean bowel wall thickness (6.1 mm vs. 4.7 mm for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.01), loss of mural stratification (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-28.4; P = 0.02) and increased fibrofatty proliferation (P = 0.04). On MRE, the surgical group showed increased mean bowel wall thickness (9.1 mm vs. 7.2 mm for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.02), increased mean T2 ratio (4.6 vs. 3.6 for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.03), different enhancement patterns (P = 0.03), increased mesenteric edema (P = 0.001) and increased stricture formation (OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 1.8-36.4; P = 0.005). Nineteen of 22 ileocecectomy specimens showed severe inflammation and 21/22 showed severe fibrosis, with significant correlation between inflammation and fibrosis scores (ρ = 0.55; P = 0.008); however, correlation with imaging findings was limited by the uniformity of findings on histopathology. Children with terminal ileal Crohn disease requiring surgical bowel resection demonstrate more severe manifestations of imaging features traditionally associated with both active inflammation and chronic fibrosis than those managed medically on US and MRE, findings that are corroborated by histopathology. These features may potentially serve as imaging biomarkers indicating the necessity for surgical intervention.
Effectiveness of Fundoplication or Gastrojejunal Feeding in Children With Neurologic Impairment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), aspiration, and secondary complications lead to morbidity and mortality in children with neurologic impairment (NI), dysphagia, and gastrostomy feeding. Fundoplication and gastrojejunal (GJ) feeding can reduce risk. We compared GJ to fundoplication using first-year postprocedure reflux-related hospitalization (RRH) rates. METHODS: We identified children with NI, dysphagia requiring gastrostomy tube feeding and GER undergoing initial GJ placement or fundoplication from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012. Data came from the Pediatric Health Information Systems augmented by laboratory, microbiology, and radiology results. GJ placement was ascertained using radiology results and fundoplication by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Subjects were matched within hospital using propensity scores. The primary outcome was first-year postprocedure RRH rate (hospitalization for GER disease, other esophagitis, aspiration pneumonia, other pneumonia, asthma, or mechanical ventilation). Secondary outcomes included failure to thrive, death, repeated initial intervention, crossover intervention, and procedural complications. RESULTS: We identified 1178 children with fundoplication and 163 with GJ placement, matching 114 per group. Matched sample RRH incident rate per child-year (95% confidence interval) for GJ was 2.07 (1.62–2.64) and for fundoplication 1.67 (1.28–2.18), P = .19. Odds of death were similar between groups. Failure to thrive, repeat of initial intervention, and crossover intervention were more common in the GJ group. CONCLUSIONS: In children with NI, GER, and dysphagia: fundoplication and GJ feeding have similar RRH outcomes. Either intervention can reduce future aspiration risk; the choice can reflect non-RRH-related complication risks, caregiver preference, and clinician recommendation.
Intrabronchial Pneumonectomy for Vanishing Lung Syndrome: First Reported Case.

Vanishing lung syndrome is a clinical presentation of giant bullous emphysema associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 50-year-old white woman with vanishing lung syndrome who presented with a spontaneous secondary pneumothorax and an uncontrolled bronchopleural fistula. The large bronchopleural fistula was initially controlled with a double-lumen endotracheal tube and a tube thoracostomy. After surgical efforts failed, complete left lung isolation was performed with multiple intrabronchial valves. In essence, a medical pneumonectomy was performed. The patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation and discharged to rehabilitation. She was ambulatory at 5-month follow-up.
Parallel microarraying of microfluidic droplets for high-throughput integration with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Droplet microfluidics affords researchers the ability to rapidly generate discretized conditions at kHz rates cheaply and controllably. We leveraged a simple microwell array to enable a parallel process of droplet microarraying, droplet sample deposition through surfactant removal, and thermally actuated device disassembly for facile integration with MALDI mass spectrometry analysis.
Physician Liability and Managed Care: A Philosophical Perspective

Despite the emergence of managed health care and the resulting dramatic change in the role of the third-party payer in the physician-patient relationship, the liability standards applied to physicians largely have remained unchanged. This has created a tension between physicians' legal and ethical obligations, and the requirements imposed on the physician by managed health care. Specifically, the issue confronts the physician in the context of malpractice liability. Managed Care Organizations impose a significant amount of control over the way physicians practice medicine, often forcing physicians to ration care. Notwithstanding any beneficial cost savings that might result, this approach subjects the physician to the risk of malpractice liability. Current malpractice law enhances this risk, because courts frequently speak of physicians having a duty to resist the pressures of managed care. This presents a significant policy problem, not just for physicians and their patients, but for society at large, as the current legal framework does not further, but in fact undermines, society's overall goal of containing health care costs. Professor Fine examines the policy problem through a philosophical lens, and maintains that the law's failure to account for the change to a managed care model and the resulting change in the way the physician practices medicine has created a situation that is fundamentally unfair to physicians. More importantly, it is argued that the continued adherence to outdated principles of liability is deficient from a utilitarian perspective, as the current framework hinders society's overall goal of lowering health care costs. Finally, Professor Fine evaluates proposed solutions to this problem, and concludes that the best approach is one that relies on the medical profession to take the initiative and institute reforms in the way medicine is practiced so that considerations of cost can be responsibly and effectively incorporated into treatment decisions. This would make the standard of care more reflective of the current state of health care, and better promote the goal of cost containment.
Factorial structure of the persistent complex bereavement inventory: Testing a hierarchical factor model

The present study examined the validity of deriving a global or general measure of grief from the Persistent Complex Bereavement Inventory using an online survey of 180 bereaved adults. Confirmatory factor analyzes indicated that a hierarchical factor structure best fit the data such that an overarching, general grief factor accounted for the covariation among three first-order symptom clusters. The construct validity of this grief factor was further supported by correlations with related variables such as negative religious coping, neuroticism, meaning-made, and post-traumatic growth. These findings are consistent with DSM-5 and support the commonly used total scale score approach.
In vitro and Ex vivo Neurotoxic Effects of Efavirenz are Greater than Those of Other Common Antiretrovirals.

Although antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has reduced the incidence of severe dementia associated with HIV infection, there has been a rise in milder neurocognitive complaints. Data from HIV patients taking ARVs have shown measurable neurocognitive improvements during drug cessation, suggesting a neurotoxic role of the therapy itself. Mechanisms underlying potential ARV neurotoxicity have not been thoroughly investigated, however pathologic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suspected. Using DIV 16 primary rat cortical neuron culture, we tested eight ARVs from the three most commonly prescribed ARV classes: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NtRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) for effects on neuron viability and morphology after 24 h of drug exposure. Of the tested NRTIs, only stavudine at nearly 100 times the target plasma concentration affected neuron viability with no appreciable change in morphology. Dideoxyinosine induced dendritic simplification at 100 times target plasma concentrations, but did not adversely affect viability. The sole NtRTI, tenofovir, induced dendritic simplification at approximately 3–4 times target plasma concentration, but did not affect viability. Of the tested PIs, only amprenavir decreased neuron viability at nearly 100 times the target plasma concentration. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz, consistently reduced viability (at 50 µM) and induced dendritic simplification (at 20 µM) nearest the target plasma concentration. Probing mitochondrial energetics of DIV16 cortical neurons after exposure to 20 µM efavirenz showed rapid diminution of mitochondrial-dependent oxygen consumption. Further, 20 µM efavirenz decreased excitability in ex vivo slice culture whereas 2 µM had no effect.
Discharge Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke Patients with Diabetes: Get with the Guidelines (P01.250)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts discharge disposition and ambulatory status of ischemic stroke (IS) patients. BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a major risk factor for IS. Patients with DM have more severe strokes and higher mortality than non-diabetics. It is unclear if DM impacts discharge disposition and ambulatory status after stroke. We describe our experience in an inner city hospital using the Get-With-The-Guidelines-Stroke database. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of IS admitted to Boston Medical Center from January/08 – June/12. DM was defined as history of DM, prior use of diabetes medication, or HbA1c ≥6.5. Using t-test and Fisher exact test of significance we compared baseline social, clinical, ambulatory status at discharge, and discharge disposition characteristics between DM and non-DM patients. Discharge ambulatory status was categorized as independent or use of minimal assistance vs. unable to ambulate; and discharge disposition as home, inpatient rehab, skilled nursing facility, long term care, hospice, or expired. RESULTS: A total of 1031 IS patients were identified, of which 53% were diabetic. Mean age was 65 and 51.5% were male. Of all, 50.7% were Black, 33.2% White, 2% Asian, 0.3% Native-American, 3.8% other and 10% undetermined. DM was more prevalent in Blacks (p CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest DM may impact ambulatory status at discharge. While limited by less objective evaluations of stroke severity, the impact of DM on discharge disposition of IS patients warrants further study. Disclosure: Dr. Salem has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pikula has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nguyen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shoamanesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kase has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babikian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Romero has nothing to disclose.
Eine Provokation und ihre Folgen. Zum “deutschen Trauerspiel” «Die Plebejer proben den Aufstand» von Günter Grass [A Provocation and its Consequences. On the “German Tragic Drama” «The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising» by Günter Grass]

Die Plebejer proben den Aufstand. Ein deutsches Trauerspiel (1966) by Gunter Grass aroused great scandal, because the play denounces the tactics of Bertolt Brecht with regard to the workers’ uprising in East Germany on June 17, 1953. However, Grass always rela­tivized this and claimed to have shown the problematic relationship between artist and politics in general. The present contribution argues that Grass actually attacked frontally none other than Brecht and that he exploited the debate in the leftist student magazine konkret , the West-German mouthpiece of the 1968 revolt.
Phytochromes and Phytochrome Interacting Factors

The basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing transcription factors that interact physically with the red and far-red light photoreceptors, phytochromes, are called PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). In the last two decades, the phytochrome-PIF signaling module has been shown to be conserved from Physcomitrella patens to higher plants. Exciting recent studies highlight the discovery of at least four distinct kinases (PPKs, CK2, BIN2, and phytochrome itself) and four families of ubiquitin ligases (SCFEBF1/2, CUL3LRB, CUL3BOP, and CUL4COP1-SPA) that regulate PIF abundance both in dark and light conditions. This review discusses these recent discoveries with a focus on the central phytochrome signaling mechanisms that have a profound impact on plant growth and development in response to light.
Acute Presentation of Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis in a Patient on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation.

The management of patients presenting with bioprosthetic valve thrombosis presents a major clinical challenge from a diagnostic and management standpoint. This patient population becomes especially challenging to manage when presenting with cardiogenic shock and additional risks for bleeding. In this clinical conference, the authors present the case of a 64-year-old male who developed intraoperative bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis and cardiogenic shock necessitating support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The discussion focuses on the diagnostic challenges with transesophageal echocardiography and the difficulty in determining the proper approach to systemic anticoagulation.
The Carnation Coat

Currently, maternity clothing is treated as fast fashion meant to be discarded after each phase of pregnancy. While apparel choices for women during pregnancy have become more fashion forward, there is a need for more sustainable and adaptable maternity clothing that can be worn longer and is suitable for a variety of occasions. One of the sustainable methods that many designers are exploring is zero waste design, in which garments generate zero textile waste during production to minimize fabric scraps and increase efficiency. The purpose of this design is to explore sustainable and marketable design methods for maternity wear. Utilizing the strategy of zero-waste, fashion technology, and outcomes of an online survey, this design considers maternity wear with longer lifespans that can be worn before, during, and after pregnancy thus minimizing both pre-consumer and post-consumer textile waste.
Abstract 2625: The Demethylating Agent 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine (Decitabine) Restores Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) Expression and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Pulmonary Arteries of Fawn-hooded Rats with Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by vascular obstruction. We evaluated the initiating mechanisms for PAH in Fawn-hooded rats (FHR), a strain that spontaneously develops PAH with age. Prior data (Circulation113:2630 – 41, 2006) show that FHR have reduced expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) measured by chemiluminescence, and normoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α)-a pseudohypoxic phenotype. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ROS are decreased in FHR pulmonary arteries (PA) due to the loss of SOD2 expression. Methods and Results: We measured ROS using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and cell-permeable spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH), a cyclic hydroxylamine derivative. Expression of SOD2 was measured using quantitative PCR. HIF-1α activation was measured using nuclear translocation of the protein on confocal microscopy. ROS levels are 7-fold lower in the pulmonary arteries of FHR (n=3) comparing to weight-matched Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5). The demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine not only restored expression of SOD2 in FHR pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) but also tended to increase ROS production (3.4-fold increase) in the FHR pulmonary arteries. This agent also decreased activation of HIF-1α as evidenced by a reduced presence of nuclear HIF-1α protein measured by immuno-fluorescence. Conclusions: This spin-probe technique is useful for the measurement of ROS in blood vessels. The data support the hypothesis that methylation-induced silencing of SOD2 accounts for the reduced ROS production in FHR. Loss of ROS signaling molecules activates HIF-1α and may initiate PAH. Since human PAH is also associated with activation of HIF-1α this research may have clinical translational significance. Clinically, decitabine (a commercial name for 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine) has been safely used to treat myeloproliferative disorders in humans.
Molecular Genetics of Kidney Cancer

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process of genetic and epigenetic changes that occur in an orderly fashion The order of these changes may navigate through different steps in cancers arising from different organs/tissues. It is likely though that the final outcome is the sequential deregulation of a few key pathways of normal cell growth, namely: inactivation of tumor suppressor genes; activation of oncogenes; evasion of apoptotic cell program; and ultimately induction of angiogenesis and metastasis.’ Entry points to these genetic alterations were discovered by cloning genes disrupted by tumor-associated chromosomal translocations, harbored in cancer-associated homozygous deletions or underlying familial cancer syndromes.
Changes in Catalytic and Adsorptive Properties of 2 nm Pt 3 Mn Nanoparticles by Subsurface Atoms

Supported multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in industrial catalytic processes, where the relation between surface structure and function is well-known. However, the effect of subsurface layers on such catalysts remains mostly unstudied. Here, we demonstrate a clear subsurface effect on supported 2 nm core-shell NPs with atomically precise and high temperature stable Pt3Mn intermetallic surface measured by in situ synchrotron X-ray Diffraction, difference X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The NPs with a Pt3Mn subsurface have 98% selectivity to C-H over C-C bond activation during propane dehydrogenation at 550 °C compared with 82% for core-shell NPs with a Pt subsurface. The difference is correlated with significant reduction in the heats of reactant adsorption due to the Pt3Mn intermetallic subsurface as discerned by theory as well as experiment. The findings of this work highlight the importance of subsurface for supported NP catalysts, which can be tuned via controlled intermetallic formation. Such approach is generally applicable to modifying multimetallic NPs, adding another dimension to the tunability of their catalytic performance.
Immediacy in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets

ABSTRACTJohn Donne’s Holy Sonnets represent the most visible exploration in his poetry of the fault-lines between his early Catholicism and his experience of the English Reformed Church into which he was later ordained. The essay focuses upon one aspect of the strain, recorded within the Holy Sonnets, which emerged from the loss of the Catholic apparatus of grace, namely the problem of God’s immediacy. By the term “immediacy” I refer to the removal of the various Catholic helps and means that were once available to Donne to provide assurance and bridge, or mediate, the distance between God and the human subject. I suggest that the shift from Catholic to Protestant modes of doctrinal thought, worship, and practice could dramatically alter the confidence with which Donne could accept that God could be accessible to him. The essay goes on to examine Donne’s treatment of immediacy in four Holy Sonnets that either engage with the Catholic means of grace through the intercession of angels and saints or provocat...
The Body: Discipleship of our Physicality

Christian discipleship acknowledges the importance of the body for a holistic response to God’s redemption for all of life. The biblical view shows a Christian’s body and soul as a sacred unit that...
Essential Elements for Enhanced Recovery After Intra-Abdominal Surgery

Enhanced recovery pathways provide a framework outlining the best perioperative care for intra-abdominal surgical procedures. To date, no evidence-based umbrella guidelines exist for all intra-abdominal surgeries. PubMed and worldwide web searches were performed with the keywords: “ERAS,” “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery,” +/− “protocol.” Manuscripts addressing intra-abdominal procedures were selected with the date range 2012–2017. The enhanced recovery philosophy is based in the realization that a traditional hospital works in silos that need to be broken to ensure a care protocol that follows and optimizes the journey the patient makes during the perioperative care. Enhanced recovery interventions can be categorized into preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative interventions. By design each intervention is planned and coordinated by a multidisciplinary ERAS team. The interventions discussed in this manuscript should be applied to patients on an individual basis depending on their needs. In this review, the most common elements of ERAS protocols in intra-abdominal procedures are reviewed, particularly those which provided the best outcomes and are generalized to all intra-abdominal procedures.
Exact sampling of the infinite horizon maximum of a random walk over a nonlinear boundary

We present the first algorithm that samples maxn≥0{Sn − nα}, where Sn is a mean zero random walk, and nα with defines a nonlinear boundary. We show that our algorithm has finite expected running time. We also apply this algorithm to construct the first exact simulation method for the steady-state departure process of a GI/GI/∞ queue where the service time distribution has infinite mean.
Impact on mathematics self-beliefs from a mastery-based mathematics software

Self-beliefs are important determinants of student choice and success (Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) and are informed by student educational experiences, such as prior success with a task (Bandura, 1986...
Introduction: Erotic Economies

On April 3, 1665, the redoubtable diarist Samuel Pepys attended a play, Mustapha, at the Duke of York’s Theatre in London. He did not care much for the play, but he was delighted to find King Charles II himself attending the performance in his private box. With his typical penchant for gossip, Pepys reports that the king held company with his mistress Barbara Palmer, the Duchess of Cleveland, along with a young actress named Eleanor Gwyn, or “pretty, witty Nell” as Pepys called her. Gwyn was one of the first generation of professional English actresses; by the spring of 1665, Gwyn had appeared in a few minor parts at the rival King’s Theatre, but had yet to land a major stage role. She was only a teenager, likely still largely illiterate, and just recently promoted from an orange seller to an actress at the King’s playhouse. Yet there she was, holding a private audience with the king and his mistress—an unlikely opportunity for any young woman of her low birth rank and status.
Embodying Inequality: Using Ethnographic Data to Teach Intersectionality:

This article analyzes the effectiveness of an activity we developed to help students better understand intersectionality. Intersectionality is an analytic concept that signifies ways that inequalit...
Ultrasound Practice Redesign to Improve Image Quality: Implementation of a Quality Control Sonographer.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically improve ultrasound image quality via the implementation of a quality control (QC) sonographer. Methods The position of a QC sonographer was created, whose responsibility was to preview ultrasound examinations performed by other sonographers and audit ultrasound examinations for image quality and protocol adherence. Retrospective audits of examinations performed before and after the implementation of the QC sonographer position were performed. Examinations from 17 sonographers were audited (16 examinations per sonographer), with a sample size of 272 examinations per audit. The QC sonographer graded the following imaging quality parameters (IQPs) as acceptable or needing improvement: gain, depth, color Doppler, spectral Doppler, and protocol adherence. Statistical comparisons were performed by a biostatistician using a χ2 test, with P Results The baseline audit (September 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015) revealed 439 instances of IQPs that required improvement. A second audit after establishing the QC sonographer role (August 1, 2016 to October 31, 2016) found 176 instances of IQPs that required improvement. A third, follow-up audit (May 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018) found 172 instances of IQPs that required improvement. Conclusions Removing a sonographer from the clinical line to work as a QC sonographer resulted in a 60% decrease in parameter errors that was maintained over time. Another benefit of the QC sonographer role is improved sonographer education.
MnBi-based magnets prepared from melt-spun alloys: Effect of α → β phase transformation during field annealing

Abstract The temperature of the annealing treatment applied to the MnBi alloys with the intention to stabilize the α-MnBi “low-temperature” phase – a promising material for the rare-earth-free permanent magnets – is usually kept below the range of the β-Mn1.08Bi “high-temperature” phase. This work is aimed at the investigation of the effects of partial and complete α → β phase transformation in bulk magnetic-field-annealed magnets on their structure and magnetic properties. MnBi alloys modified with In, Mg and Sb were melt-spun, compacted to their full density and then heated in a magnetic field of 30 kOe to temperatures sufficiently high for the beginning of the α → β transformation. A heating of 15 °C/min was used which was immediately followed by cooling at the rate of 7.5 °C/min; the degree of the phase transformation was measured by in situ monitoring of changes in the sample magnetization. In all the studied alloys, the α → β transformation was found to improve the [0 0 1] fiber texture induced by the applied magnetic field, although it simultaneously decreased the coercivity. A partial transformation has resulted in a 11% increase of the maximum energy product for the Mn50Bi49Sb0.5In0.5 magnet, to 8.3 MGOe, and a 3% increase for the Mn50Bi46Mg3Sb0.5In0.5 magnet, to 12.8 MGOe. In the latter alloy, the α → β and reverse transformations were found to initially occur in well-defined pockets leading to clusters of large, highly textured α crystallites. In the Mn50Bi48.5Sb1.5 magnet, only part of the α phase could be recovered after the transformation, which instead promoted the paramagnetic MnBi0.9Sb0.1 phase.
Clinical Competence Assessed Using Simulation: Development of a Standardized Tool to Assess Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam Skill Competence for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists.

Abstract Objective This study details development and testing of a tool designed to evaluate clinical competence by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) on the nutrition-focused physical exam (NFPE). The process demonstrated in this study can be adapted for assessment of other clinical skills in competency-based education programs, such as Accreditation Council on Education in Nutrition and Dietetics’ Future Model of Dietetics Education. Design and Setting The tool was tested for content validity, then used to assess the videotaped performance of the NFPE with standardized patients in a simulated clinical environment. Participants Seven expert raters assessed the relevance of the tool's items for content validity. For other tests, the tool was used by 3 dietetics faculty to score a group of 18 RDNs. Variables and Analysis Content validity was tested using the item-level Content Validity Index. Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the tool were calculated and assessed. Results The interrater reliability results indicated excellent agreement between raters, both overall (kappa statistic = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.87; P Conclusions The tool represents an instrument that can assess competence in the NFPE among RDNs and may be used as a template for development of other competency-based education assessment tools.
Recognizing action at a distance

Our goal is to recognize human action at a distance, at resolutions where a whole person may be, say, 30 pixels tall. We introduce a novel motion descriptor based on optical flow measurements in a spatiotemporal volume for each stabilized human figure, and an associated similarity measure to be used in a nearest-neighbor framework. Making use of noisy optical flow measurements is the key challenge, which is addressed by treating optical flow not as precise pixel displacements, but rather as a spatial pattern of noisy measurements which are carefully smoothed and aggregated to form our spatiotemporal motion descriptor. To classify the action being performed by a human figure in a query sequence, we retrieve nearest neighbor(s) from a database of stored, annotated video sequences. We can also use these retrieved exemplars to transfer 2D/3D skeletons onto the figures in the query sequence, as well as two forms of data-based action synthesis "do as I do" and "do as I say". Results are demonstrated on ballet, tennis as well as football datasets.
Collaborative Care in Stroke Centers: Role of Neurologists in Implanting Loop Recorders for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (P4.9-065)

Objective: To report on feasibility, required credentials/privileges, and value of Neurologists implanting loop recorders in-collaboration with Cardiology for detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in stroke and impact on quality and continuity of patient care. Background: Neurologists, often with subspecialty training in vascular neurology, play an integral role in managing ischemic stroke patients. In patients with suspected embolic strokes, detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential to prevent recurrence. In eligible stroke patients, use of implantable loop recorders (ILRs) increases detection of AF and has significant clinical implications. Collaborative care in cryptogenic stroke is critical and there is growing interest among Neurologists in implanting ILRs. Design/Methods: Registry of all in-patient ILR procedures performed in a comprehensive stroke center was reviewed. Institutional protocol for implanting ILRs was developed through collaboration between specialties. After approval from committee for hospital privileges, interventional neurologist (credentialed) implanted ILRs in patients identified by vascular neurology. Initial programing of device was performed prior to discharge. Follow up and rhythm monitoring was performed by Cardiology. ILR procedure details including complications, billing, reimbursement, etc. are reported. Results: Total of 80 ILR procedures were performed over 10 months (Dec’17–Sep’18). All patients were followed by outpatient cardiology. CPT code 33282 used for device insertion with 2017 Medicare physician work RVUs of 3.25 reported. Diagnosis codes of 163.9 or G45.9 are frequently utilized. Quarterly data for 2017–18 (16 vs. 23, 12 vs. 33, and 13 vs. 35) indicated average increase by ~130% (p Conclusions: Hospital-based collaborative care increases ILR use in cryptogenic stroke. ILR procedure can be performed safely by trained and qualified physician in the stroke team prior to discharge. Additionally, an effective multidisciplinary collaboration adds value by ensuring continuity of care and patient retention in the health-system. Disclosure: Dr. Herial has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with medtronic. Dr. Warren has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dharia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tzeng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rincon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabbour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosenwasser has nothing to disclose.
On the modeling of $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ signatures at the LHC

We discuss our recent progress on improving the theoretical description of the $pp \to t\bar{t}W^\pm$ process with particular focus on fiducial signatures that include top-quark decays. We employ a wide range of techniques from parton shower matching, narrow width approximation to full off-shell computations to assess the importance of the different modeling approaches.
Two steps to sustainable polymers.

Medium-chain linear α-olefins are commodity chemicals; however, manufacturing α-olefins from biomass is challenging due to inefficient removal of the last oxygen atoms. Now, a two-step biological–chemical catalysis strategy to produce medium-chain linear α-olefins provides a route to sustainable polymers.
Mathematical Analysis in Engineering: How to Use the Basic Tools

Preface Achnowledgments 1. Formulation of physical problems 2. Classification of equations 3. One-dimensional waves 4. Finite domains and separation of variables 5. Elements of Fourier series 6. Introduction to Green's functions 7. Unbounded domains and Fourier transforms 8. Bessel functions and circular domains 9. Complex variables 10. Laplace transform and initial value problems 11. Conformal mapping and hydrodynamics 12. Riemann-Hilbert problems in hydrodynamics and elasticity 13. Perturbation methods - the art of approximation 14. Computer algebra for perturbation analysis Appendices Bibliography Index.
Confucius as a Critical Educator:Towards Educational Thoughts of Confucius

This paper is a cross-cultural comparative study in education philosophy. A comparative and philosophical approach is used to interpret texts from the Analects of Confucius and to find connections with ideas of critical educators. In comparing Confucius’ educational thought with that of Paulo Freire, John Dewey and other theorists in critical pedagogy, this paper finds four common threads between Confucian concepts of education and critical pedagogy: mutual learning, integration of theory and practice, importance of reflection in teaching and learning, and democratic purpose of education. By presenting these interwoven themes, this paper contributes to a cross-cultural dialogue on global understanding in education.
FaRM: fast remote memory

We describe the design and implementation of FaRM, a new main memory distributed computing platform that exploits RDMA to improve both latency and throughput by an order of magnitude relative to state of the art main memory systems that use TCP/IP. FaRM exposes the memory of machines in the cluster as a shared address space. Applications can use transactions to allocate, read, write, and free objects in the address space with location transparency. We expect this simple programming model to be sufficient for most application code. FaRM provides two mechanisms to improve performance where required: lock-free reads over RDMA, and support for collocating objects and function shipping to enable the use of efficient single machine transactions. FaRM uses RDMA both to directly access data in the shared address space and for fast messaging and is carefully tuned for the best RDMA performance. We used FaRM to build a key-value store and a graph store similar to Facebook's. They both perform well, for example, a 20-machine cluster can perform 167 million key-value lookups per second with a latency of 31µs.
Selective sweep of a newly evolved sperm-specific gene in Drosophila

The pattern of genetic variation across the genome of Drosophila melanogaster is consistent with the occurrence of frequent ‘selective sweeps’, in which new favourable mutations become incorporated into the species so quickly that linked alleles can ‘hitchhike’ and also become fixed1. Because of the hitchhiking of linked genes, it is generally difficult to identify the target of any putative selective sweep. Here, however, we identify a new gene in D. melanogaster that codes for a sperm-specific axonemal dynein subunit. The gene has a new testes-specific promoter derived from a protein-coding region in a gene encoding the cell-adhesion protein annexin X (AnnX), and it contains a new protein-coding exon derived from an intron in a gene encoding a cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain (Cdic). The new transcription unit, designated Sdic (for sperm-specific dynein intermediate chain), has been duplicated about tenfold in a tandem array. Consistent with the selective sweep of this gene, the level of genetic polymorphism near Sdic is unusually low. The discovery of this gene supports other results that point to the rapid molecular evolution of male reproductive functions2,3,4.
Quantum Chaos and the Theory of Measurement

This paper gives an indication of what I think should be the meaning of the phrase “quantum chaos” (QC for short). It is in no way intended to express a consensus of the views of other participants at the Conference Como 83, or its organizers. QC suggests to me a concern with the transcription into Quantum Mechanics of the kinds of dynamical problems discussed at Como 77 (where the order term “stochastic” was used rather than the catchy and more modern word “chaos”).