cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties-Revised (AAQW-R) in a United States Sample of Adults with Overweight and Obesity.

Abstract Objective To examine the psychometric properties of the English language version of the 10-item Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties-Revised (AAQW-R) in a United States (U.S.) sample of women and men with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Method Adults with OW/OB seeking weight loss (N = 283; 59% women) completed the AAQW-R and other weight-related and psychosocial measures. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine single-factor, three-factor, and second-order factor structures of the AAQW-R, which were previously examined in a sample of Portuguese women. A chi-square difference test was used to compare the fit of a single-factor structure with three-factor and second-order factor structures. Internal reliability and convergent validity were examined for the total and three-factor subscale scores. Results The single-factor structure evidenced poor fit to the data whereas the three-factor structure evidenced acceptable fit. The second-order structure was assessed qualitatively due to limitations to statistical model specification. The internal reliability of the AAQW-R total score and each of the three subscales were in the good and acceptable ranges, respectively. Total and subscale scores demonstrated good convergent validity. Discussion Findings suggest that the English language version of the AAQW-R can be used to assess weight-related experiential avoidance in U.S. adult samples with OW/OB as a three-factor construct (food as control, weight as a barrier to living, weight stigma), with or without a total score. Additional research should confirm measurement invariance among various sociodemographic groups.
Calculation of non-stationary effects in gyrotrons

A time-dependent slow-time-scale theory is developed for the analysis of high power, pulsed gyrotrons driven by external RF sources. Phase-locking of a gyrotron by direct injection of radiation into the cavity and by beam premodulation via a bunching cavity is investigated. Calculations are carried out to simulate the operation of a 35 GHz high voltage gyrotron.
New Strategies in Clinical Guideline Delivery: Randomized Trial of Online, Interactive Decision Support Versus Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Selection by Trainees

BACKGROUND Support for clinicians in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine is critical given national HIV-provider shortages. The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines are comprehensive but complex to apply for antiretroviral therapy (ART) selection. Human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral selection support and interactive search tool (HIV-ASSIST) (www.hivassist.com) is a free tool providing ART decision support that could augment implementation of clinical practice guidelines. METHODS We conducted a randomized study of medical trainees at Johns Hopkins University, in which participants were asked to select an ART regimen for 10 HIV case scenarios through an electronic survey. Participants were randomized to receive either DHHS guidelines alone, or DHHS guidelines and HIV-ASSIST to support their decision making. ART selections were graded "appropriate" if consistent with DHHS guidelines, or concordant with regimens selected by HIV experts at 4 academic institutions. RESULTS Among 118 trainees, participants randomized to receive HIV-ASSIST had a significantly higher percentage of appropriate ART selections compared to those receiving DHHS guidelines alone (percentage of appropriate responses in DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST arms: median [Q1, Q3], 40% [30%, 50%] vs 90% [80%, 100%]; P < .001). The effect was seen for all case types, but most pronounced for complex cases involving ART-experienced patients with ongoing viremia (DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST: median [Q1, Q3], 0% [0%, 33%] vs 100% [66%, 100%]). CONCLUSIONS Trainees using HIV-ASSIST were significantly more likely to choose appropriate ART regimens compared to those using guidelines alone. Interactive decision support tools may be important to ensure appropriate implementation of HIV guidelines. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04080765.
Open-source 3D printed Ventilation Device

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by a coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, breathing difficulties, dry cough, fever, and in some patients, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and death. 312,009 deaths from COVID-19 has been reported as of today. While respiratory symptoms are commonly caused by the infection, the use of mechanical ventilation is required for some patients. The following is intended to review the development and testing of a 3D printed and open-source mechanical ventilation device that is capable of adjusting breathing rate, volume, and pressure simultaneously and was designed according to the latest clinical observations of the current pandemic. The intuitive design of this device along with the use of primarily 3D printed or readily available components allow the rapid manufacturing and transportation of this ventilation device to the impacted regions.
Epidemiological analysis of genital herpes in Beijing from 2006 to 2010 and control measures

Objective To understand epidemiological features of genital herpes in Beijing from 2006 to 2010 and provide a scientific basis on which to develop the strategies for the prevention and control of the disease in the future.Methods The analysis was conducted on the incidence data of genital herpes from 2006 to 2010 which were collected from the disease surveillance information reporting system,and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 1 763 cases of genital herpes were reported from 2006 to 2010.The reported incidence of genital herpes was 2.31/100 000,2.30/100 000,2.24/100 000 2.09/100 000,1.85/100 000 from 2006 to 2010.The cases are distributed mainly in Chaoyang,Fengtai and Shijingshan,accounting to 48.27％ of the total cases.The male to female ratio was 3.23:1,most of the cases were between 20-49 yeas old.Conclusion The genital herpes epidemic in Beijing had been keeping at a low level from 2006 to 2010,people aged 20-49 years were the key population of prevention. The major control strategies include detection and treatment of cases,avoiding misdiagnosing,health education and behavior intervention,especially for key population. Key words: genital herpes; surveillance; epidemiology
The emerging role of tubulin posttranslational modifications in cilia and ciliopathies

Tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) add “tubulin code” to generate functional diversities of microtubules. Several types of tubulin PTMs accumulate on axonemes and basal bodies of cilia, including acetylation, glutamylation, glycylation and detyrosination. Among them, glutamylation, glycylation and detyrosination are mostly enriched in the B-tubules, whereas acetylation occurs on both A- and B-tubule of the microtubule doublets in a similar level. Recent studies indicate that tubulin PTMs are critical for the fine tuning of assembly/disassembly, maintenance, motility, and signaling of cilia. Dysregulated tubulin PTMs are strongly implicated in human disorders including ciliopathies and neuron degeneration. Here, we review the current understanding how tubulin PTMs regulate cilia formation and function, and their relevance to human health.
Comment: It’s Not Academic:

The author comments on how academic research on white space could be utilized in policy making. Through this discussion, the author explores the intersection between academic and political advocacy...
Thermal Laser-Assisted Manufacturing of Two-Dimensional Atomic Layer Heterostructures

A unique and novel concept about laser printing technology by incorporating a preformed cartridge was proposed to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure photoelectric devices. COMSOL multiphysics software was used to perform a simulation to study the factors influencing laser printing performance by constructing a 3D physical model, including material thickness, laser power and spot size. The thinner material thickness can ensure the same temperature distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of PPC, which is conducive to the consistent melting performance. The laser power mainly affects the temperature intensity. The laser power needs to be finely adjusted because even if the laser power differs by 0.5 mW, the temperature can differ by close to 5 °C. The laser spot size has a great influence on the temperature resolution, with the resolution of 100 and 200 nm differing by about 1 time. Under optimal conditions, a resolution of 48 nm can be obtained, which is only nearly 50% of the laser spot size. It is also feasible to obtain 2D materials of other sizes by modifying the parameters to achieve a flexible and controllable preparation scheme. In addition, it is achievable to accomplish a multilayer printing process of 2D materials that do not affect each other, thereby realizing the free combination of heterostructures. The simulation results provide a foundation for technology optimization of subsequent process realization.
Establishing a Distribution Network for COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Across a Large Health System During a Global Pandemic

Emergency authorized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can aid outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Many report barriers to adequate distribution and uptake. We present our model for distribution in a large health system as well as early lessons learned.
Mass Estimation of a Moving Object Through Minimal Manipulation Interaction

In this paper, we study the problem of dynamic interaction between a robot and an unknown object (e.g., catching a ball, or handing off an object during locomotion). In particular, we propose a method for estimating the inertial parameters of an object during dynamic interaction, while minimally altering the trajectory of the object – a minimal interaction approach. Our method combines trajectory estimation (e.g., using standard methods from computer vision) with a model-based estimator that exploits the robot’s known dynamic model. We first develop the method for a generalized three-dimensional problem, and then evaluate the method for the case of an object moving along a linear trajectory. We present experimental results obtained using a KUKA iiwa 7 interacting with rolling balls of varying mass. Our experiments demonstrate that the mass of the objects can be accurately estimated at the moment of impact when accurate object trajectory estimates are available, and that significant improvement can be obtained by incorporating force measurements at the contact point while following the object.
Biofidelity and Injury Assessment in Eurosid I and Biosid

A series of lateral pendulum-impact tests were conducted on human cadavers (Viano et al 1989, Viano 1989) to determine human biomechanical responses and injuries to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. The studies provide a database of human injuries, tolerance levels and biomechanical response corridors. By conducting lateral impact pendulum tests on Eurosid I and Biosid following the same conditions as the cadaver tests, the aims of the present study are: 1) to study the biofidelity of Eurosid I and Biosid by comparing the dummy responses with human response corridors established in Viano (1989); 2) to establish a technical basis for injury risk functions and telerance levels in Eurosid I and Biosid dummy by correlating dummy responses with human cadaver responses.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization : A clinical review

High-dose chemotherapy appears to confer a survival advantage on certain patients with lymphohematopoietic malignancies and may have a role in some solid tumors, notably germ cell and, possibly breast cancer. Autologous bone marrow grafts adequately support high-dose therapy in many patients, but more-rapid engraftment is observed in those who are given mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell grafts. The optimal method for mobilizing progenitor cells remains to be defined, but adequate numbers of cells can be obtained by apheresis after treatment with cytokines, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. The minimum number of progenitor cells that will result in rapid and durable engraftment from mobilized peripheral blood cell collections is probably between 2.5 x 10 6 and 5.0 x 10 6 CD34 + cells/kg, as determined by flow cytometry, a method not yet fully standardized among laboratories. Tumor cell contamination of peripheral blood progenitor cell grafts is less common, and there are fewer tumor cells than in matched bone marrow collections. Strategies for producing large numbers of stem cells by ex vivo expansion of small collections may be feasible in the near future. Such approaches may also reduce tumor cell contamination of the product.
An evaluation of cardiac uniformity, contrast, and SNR with dual-head 180/spl deg/ and triple-head 360/spl deg/ SPECT scans

An experimental phantom study was performed to evaluate cardiac uniformity, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio for two clinical cardiac SPECT imaging protocols: adjacent dual-head 180/spl deg/ and triple-head 360/spl deg/ scans. One head of a SPECT camera was used to acquire 180/spl deg/ and 360/spl deg/ projections with different times per step to simulate the clinical case where dual-head 180/spl deg/ and triple-head 360/spl deg/ each takes a total of 20 min. Scans were acquired with no lesion, anterior lesion, and posterior lesion in the myocardium. Maximum a posteriori reconstruction was done by an iterative coordinate descent algorithm using a quadratic convex prior. The L-curve method was used to obtain the prior strength. Some investigation was done on obtaining the L-curve and on the ways to fit the L-curve and to get the corner point. Images both with attenuation and scatter correction (ASC) and without ASC were compared. The 180/spl deg/ scan shows an intensity decrease in anterior apical and posterior basal regions. The 360/spl deg/ scan shows an intensity decrease in the posterior wall. For the anterior lesion, the 180/spl deg/ scan has slightly better contrast, while for the posterior lesion, the 360/spl deg/ scan has slightly better contrast. The difference between the 180/spl deg/ and 360/spl deg/ scans is subtle, and the comparison results depend on the lesion position and the view angle of the heart. A receiver operating characteristic study of 180/spl deg/ versus 360/spl deg/ acquisition designed based on these characterizations of contrast, uniformity, and noise will be necessary to evaluate overall performance.
Chromosome mapping and organization of the human beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase gene. Differential and cell-type specific usage of upstream exon sequences in B-lymphoblastoid cells.

Abstract The human beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) (SiaT-1) gene is localized to human chromosome 3 (q21-q28) by Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization of metaphase chromosomes. Comparative analysis between the human and the previously reported rat SiaT-1 genomic sequences demonstrates precise conservation of the intron/exon boundaries throughout the coding domains. Furthermore, there is extensive inter-species sequence similarity in some of the exons that contain information only for the 5'-leader regions. Human genomic sequences were also analyzed to reconcile reported differences in the 5'-untranslated region in SiaT-1 mRNAs. In cultured cell lines of the B-lineage, Reh, Nalm-6, Jok-1, Ball-1, Daudi, and Louckes, the study demonstrates that three upstream exons, Exons(Y+Z) and Exon(X), are mutually exclusively utilized, resulting in at least two distinct populations of SiaT-1 mRNA being synthesized. None of these exons is present in the SiaT-1 mRNA isotype expressed in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. In all B-lymphoblastoid cell lines examined, the basal level SiaT-1 mRNA is maintained by the expression of an isotype containing the Exons(Y+Z) sequence. The slightly smaller SiaT-1 mRNA, which contains the Exon(X) sequence but not Exons(Y+Z) sequence, is synthesized at a high level and found only in Jok-1, Daudi, and Louckes, the cell lines with mature B-cell phenotype. The study also provides further evidence that induced SiaT-1 expression accompanies the appearance of CDw75, a putatively sialylated cell surface epitope and a marker of human mature B-lymphocytes. The SiaT-1 induction is the result of the appearance of a novel form of SiaT-1 mRNA isotype.
Engineering Challenges in Antiproton Triggered Fusion Propulsion

During the last decade antiproton triggered fusion propulsion has been investigated as a method for achieving high specific impulse, high thrust in a nuclear pulse propulsion system. In general the antiprotons are injected into a pellet containing fusion fuel with a small amount of fissionable material (i.e., an amount less than the critical mass) where the products from the fission are then used to trigger a fusion reaction. Initial calculations and simulations indicate that if magnetically insulated inertial confinement fusion is used that the pellets should result in a specific impulse of between 100,000 and 300,000 seconds at high thrust. The engineering challenges associated with this propulsion system are significant. For example, the antiprotons must be precisely focused. The pellet must be designed to contain the fission and initial fusion products and this will require strong magnetic fields. The fusion fuel must be contained for a sufficiently long time to effectively release the fusion energy, and the payload must be shielded from the radiation, especially the excess neutrons emitted, in addition to many other particles. We will review the recent progress, possible engineering solutions and the potential performance of these systems.
Wavelet-based texture features can be extracted efficiently from compressed-domain for JPEG2000 coded images

The contribution of this paper is the development of a fast, subband-based JPEG2000 image indexing system in the compressed domain which achieves high memory efficiency. This is the extended work on a previously block-based indexing system. The feature extracted is the variance of each wavelet subband in the compressed domain with the emphasis that subbands are not buffered to maintain memory efficiency. Retrieval performance on VisTex image database indexing has shown the effectiveness and speed up of execution of the proposed features.
Use of Mechanical Refrigeration in Preservation of Bull Semen

Summary Twelve ejaculates from nine bulls were frozen and stored under mechanical and dry-ice refrigeration. Portions of each ejaculate remained under the two storage conditions for a 24-week period. At various intervals, semen samples were transferred from one storage condition to the other. Samples were evaluated at the end of each period for per cent of live cells and motility, to obtain an estimate of the quality of the sample. Under conditions of the experiment, evaluations of the samples indicate that mechanical refrigeration is superior to dry-ice refrigeration in maintaining quality of frozen semen. It is also indicated that semen samples may be transferred from mechanical refrigeration (−96° C.) to dry ice, and vice versa, without reducing their quality below that normally obtained by dry-ice refrigeration.
Modeling arbitrary smooth objects with algebraic surfaces

Representing, manipulating, and reasoning about physical objects is a central area of research in a wide range of applications, including solid modeling, computer-aided design, computer graphics, and robotics. In these applications, complex physical objects are modeled using free-form surfaces, surfaces that are smooth but otherwise arbitrary. Traditionally, free-form surfaces are constructed from parametric patches, which are very successful as far as design and rendering are concerned. However, manipulating and reasoning about physical objects with parametric patches poses fundamental difficulties. For example, the difficulty of evaluating and representing the intersection of parametric patches has hindered the development of solid modeling systems based on parametric patches alone. This thesis addresses the problem of constructing free-form surfaces using low-degree implicit patches, which facilitate manipulating and reasoning about physical objects. We establish the fact that quadric patches and cubic patches are flexible enough for free-form surface constructions: (i) given an arbitrary polyhedron, we show how to fit a smooth piecewise quadric surface through the vertices of the polyhedron without splitting its facets; (ii) given an arbitrary polyhedron with arbitrarily prescribed tangent planes at its vertices, we present an algorithm that fits a smooth piecewise cubic surface through the vertices of the polyhedron so that the surface is tangent to the prescribed tangent plane at each vertex. In constructing free-form surfaces, we also study three related issues. First, we examine the power and limitations of blending techniques. We show that on the one hand, blending techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of free-form surface constructions; on the other, blending techniques have their fundamental limitations. Second, we provide a complete understanding of the weight functions for quadric surfaces meeting with geometric continuity. Finally, we tackle some shape control issues of implicit patches. In particular, we demonstrate how to achieve the convexity of a quadric or cubic patch by manipulating its control points.
Binding energy of positronium molecules

The binding energy of positronium molecules is calculated variationally by using extensive Hylleraas-type wave functions in which all six interparticle coordinates are used. The binding energy against dissociation into two positronium atoms is determined as 0.0302 Ry. The present result is consistent with the value of 0.0303\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 Ry, obtained by Lee using the Green's-function Monte Carlo method.
The Peptide Ligands Mediating Positive Selection in the Thymus Control T Cell Survival and Homeostatic Proliferation in the Periphery

Positive selection to self-MHC/peptide complexes has long been viewed as a device for skewing the T cell repertoire toward recognition of foreign peptides presented by self-MHC molecules. Here, we provide evidence for an alternative possibility, namely, that the self-peptides controlling positive selection in the thymus serve to maintain the longevity of mature T cells in the periphery. Surprisingly, when total T cell numbers are reduced, these self-ligands become overtly stimulatory and cause naive T cells to proliferate and undergo homeostatic expansion.
Adjusting the melting point of a model system via Gibbs-Duhem integration: Application to a model of aluminum

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.62.14720.
Standardization of Lactation Means of Somatic Cell Scores for Calculation of Genetic Evaluations

Sample day records of means of somatic cell scores were analyzed to develop adjustments to standardize records for length of lactation. Estimates for effect of DIM were from a model that included random lactation and cow effects for lactations to date of 753,929 Holsteins and 21,842 Jerseys calving in Pennsylvania or Wisconsin from 1987 to 1991. Lactation, cow, and residual variances were estimated using REML. Lactation and cow variances relative to a phenotypic variance of 1.00 were .57 and .31, respectively, for Holsteins and .52 and .35, respectively, for Jerseys. Estimates of effect of DIM were used to compute additive adjustments. Final lactation mean of somatic cell score at ≤305 DIM for 1,857,532 Holsteins and 113,998 Jerseys from all participating states were standardized for lactation length and analyzed to determine the national effects of calving age and the regional effects of calving month. Multiplicative adjustments were developed for calving age and additive adjustments for calving month. Sample day records of lactation means of somatic cell scores were used to estimate weights based on number of somatic cell sample days to account for the lower accuracy of short records for genetic evaluation.
An Analysis of Radar Echo Systems for the Upper Midwestern United States

Abstract An extensive statistical study was made of the properties of radar echo systems in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Mesoscale groupings of echoes with distance scales 10–100 km and time scales 3–10 h instead of individual echoes were considered in the expectation that the former would be more relevant to deterministic short range prediction models. A total of 203 case histories for 1974 was analyzed. Statistics for the area and duration were determined for the three categories of echo systems: those associated with warm fronts, with cold fronts and with neither. Correlations with the positions of the frontal zones and relationships with upper air winds were also made. Consistent with earlier studies, it was found that the larger echo systems tend to last longer and that the direction of motion was usually somewhat to the right of upper level winds. Results provided many quantitative relationships that would be useful for prediction schemes and for developing models that carry mesosc...
Post-yield strain hardening behavior as a clue to understanding irradiation hardening

We analyze the post-yield true-stress vs. true-strain flow behavior of neutron and electron irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels, A212B and A350, and binary alloys, Fe-0.28 Cu and Fe-0.74 Ni. The flow curves suggest that neutron-irradiation hardening has the same effect as strain hardening for all the materials examined. The post-yield flow curves, obtained after electron-irradiation hardening to yield strength levels similar to those achieved by neutron irradiation, behave differently.
Quasi-optical gyrotron with arbitrary beam injection angle

In quasi optical gyrotrons, the angle between the electron beam and radiation beam has considerable influence on the gain, harmonic operation, and efficiency. The authors investigate its effect on the gain mechanism. Two regimes of operation are identified, namely, gain nearly proportional to l/sup 2/ (l is the interaction length) for small angles and gain nearly proportional to l/sup 3/ for large angles. The transition angle separating the two regimes is found and is approximately given by ( lambda /l)/sup 1/2/, where lambda is the wavelength. It is shown that by choosing the parameters appropriately, one can run the gyrotron in the high-gain response. >
DIETARY NEEDS IN BONE MINERALIZATION OF CHILDREN

There has been very little data about the dietary factors which may affect children's bone mineral status. We prospectively studied 88 white healthy children aged 3 to 16 years (mean age 8.7 years). There were 46 boys and 42 girls in our study. During a 3 month study, weight and height were recorded, and at least two 24-48 hour dietary histories were averaged for intakes of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, protein, and total calories. Bone mineral status was measured by photon absorptiometry on the child's distal non-dominant radius. Blood was drawn for serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OH vitamin D. We found that the child's age (r=0.84, p<0.001), weight (r=0.86, p<0.001), and height (r=0.84, p<0.001) were correlated to bone mineral status. Dietary calcium intakes were correlated to the children's bone mineral status (r=0.31, p<0.01). Children ingesting more than 1000 mg calcium daily had higher bone mineral status (8%) than those ingesting less (t test, p<0.03). Dietary protein (r=0.25, p<0.03) was also associated to bone mineral status; children ingesting more than 50 g protein had higher bone mineral status (12%) than those taking less (p<0.01). We found no significant relation between bone mineral status and dietary phosphate, magnesium, sodium, and total calories. All serum determinations were within normal ranges for children and none correlated with the child's dietary intakes or bone mineral status. In summary, our study has shown that age, weight, height, calcium and protein intakes have important effects on children's bone mineral status.
Cumulative Net Income Curve of the Dairy Cow

Abstract An updated version of a dynamic model of a dairy herd was described. Data from 3332 simulated calving intervals were utilized to estimate coefficients for a quadratic equation describing cow cumulative net income during the calving interval. A cumulative curve describing total net income to a specified number of weeks after freshening was analyzed with its derivative describing income per week at a specified number of weeks after freshening. Young cows obtained peak income before mature cows with mature cows producing positive values for weekly income 3.7 wk longer than first lactation heifers. Health problems that occurred soon after freshening decreased the intercept of the quadratic equation with a persistent effect on cumulative income throughout lactation. Milk and feed prices, cow breeding value, and health disorders observed throughout the calving interval influenced primarily the linear coefficient, resulting in a cumulative effect, which increased through the lactation. Significant quadratic coefficients were observed when the effect on income varied early and late in the calving interval. Days open and infertility, which influence income in late lactation, also significantly affected the quadratic coefficient. There is a need for complete data on cow income from commercial herds to study further the factors affecting the pattern of dairy cow cash flow.
Model Gas Flows in Selected Barred spiral Galaxies

Method for deriving the potentials of various stellar components of barred spiral galaxies are applied here to model gas flows in such galaxies. The results show that the pattern speeds of perturbations must be rapid, placing corotation just beyond the ends of the bars. For galaxies possessing central H I depressions, physical bars having masses greater than about 10 percent of the disk mass must be present. When rotated rapidly, triaxial model bars evacuate much of the gas from the bar regions. For a model bar of fixed mass and pattern speed, flattening of the triaxial figure does not change the gas response significantly. 20 refs.
Localized Movement-Assisted Sensor Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor distribution is vital to the quality of service (QoS) of the network, because the effectiveness of the network depends on the coverage of the monitoring area. In WSNs where sensors have locomotion facilities, after the initial deployment, the sensors can move around and self-redeploy to ensure global coverage and load balance. The movement-assisted sensor deployment aims at moving sensors to meet coverage and load balance requirements. In this paper, we focus on developing a distributed and localized solution, approximating the global optimal solution [1]. The proposed local solution has similar performance to the Hungarian method, without centralized control. Extensive theoretical analysis together with simulations has been done to verify the effectiveness of the proposed distributed solutions.
Applications of GIS in Admissions and Targeting Recruiting Efforts.

This chapter illustrates how Ohio State University has been using GIS to help with strategic and tactical decisions in student recruitment at its Columbus campus.
Modification of a deviant sibling interaction pattern in the home

Abstract The experimental modification of a sibling interaction is described. A 6-yr-old boy and his 3-yr-old brother frequently engaged in assaultive and destructive behavior. Treatment was carried out in the home using the experimenter and later the mother as the therapist. The childrens' undesirable behavior changed markedly as a result of a token reinforcement system and a time-out from reinforcement procedure. According to parenlal and teacher reports, the behavior reinforced during the experimental hour did generalize to other times and situations.
Traveling wavetrains in the complex cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation

Abstract In this paper, we use a traveling wave reduction or a so-called spatial approximation to comprehensively investigate the periodic solutions of the complex cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation. The primary tools used here are Hopf bifurcation theory and perturbation theory. Explicit results are obtained for the post-bifurcation periodic orbits and their stability. Generalized and degenerate Hopf bifurcations are also briefly considered to track the emergence of global structures such as homoclinic orbits.
Adult Development and Aging: A Gay Perspective

To provide a model for understanding gay adult development and aging, Levinson's developmental periods are applied to the existing data on older gays. In addition, an historical lifeline for a hypothetical gay person born in 1910 is presented to illustrate the relationship between developmental data and historical events. The lack of data on older lesbians and nonadvantaged males is noted. Stereotypes of lonely, depressed, sexually frustrated aging gay men are clearly not valid for the majority of respondents studied. However, there are particular needs of older gays, e.g., support during bereavement, assistance if physically disabled, and a reduction in stigmatization.
Critical points for least-squares problems involving certain analytic functions, with applications to sigmoidal nets

This paper deals with nonlinear least-squares problems involving the fitting to data of parameterized analytic functions. For generic regression data, a general result establishes the countability, and under stronger assumptions finiteness, of the set of functions giving rise to critical points of the quadratic loss function. In the special case of what are usually called “single-hidden layer neural networks”, which are built upon the standard sigmoidal activation tanh(x) (or equivalently (1 +e −x )−1), a rough upper bound for this cardinality is provided as well.
Changes in cortical and subcortical unit activity during behavioral conditioning

Abstract Prior to conditioning a hindleg flexion response, electrodes were implanted in the primary projection pathway of the CS, in the primary projection pathway of the US and in the reticular formation in each of 9 chronic cats. Recordings of multiple-unit activity through these electrodes proceeded during habituation to the tonal CS, training in which the CS was paired with shock to the hindpaw, extinction and subsequent retraining. In the CS projection pathway unit activity patterns shifted from habituation to dishabituation after US reinforcement and with successive trials these responses progressively increased. Similarly, early in training responses appeared in the reticular formation. In the US projection pathway little or no unit response to the CS developed prior to the appearance of the overt response. Thus, potentials recorded from a population of neurons may show specific response patterns during behavioral conditioning directly related to activity at the recording site. The present data suggests that activation of the CS and reticular systems are primary events in conditioning.
A note on bounded perturbations of controllable systems

The purpose of this paper is to develop conditions under which bounded perturbations of controllable systems remain controllable (or approximately controllable). This approach gives effective sufficient conditions for determining the controllability of certain nonlinear systems. Our results are obtained by applying the sufficient conditions for controllability of nonlinear systems developed by the author in an earlier paper [l]. We consider nonlinear systems
Optical Doppler Tomography: Imaging in vivo Blood Flow Dynamics Following Pharmacological Intervention and Photodynamic Therapy

A noninvasive optical technique has been developed for imaging in vivo blood flow dynamics and vessel structure with high spatial resolution. The technique is based on optical Doppler tomography, which combines Doppler velocimetry with optical coherence tomography to measure blood flow velocity at discrete spatial locations in turbid biological tissue. Applications of this technique for monitoring changes in blood flow dynamics and vessel structure following pharmacological intervention and photodynamic therapy are demonstrated.
The occurrence of saxitoxin and other toxins in various dinoflagellates

A number of dinoflagellate species, previously reported to be toxic, were cultured and collected from natural blooms. Saxitoxin, detected by chemical assay and mouse bioassay, was absent in all dinoflagellates except Gonyaulax catenella and Gonyaulax excavata. Toxins other than saxitoxin were observed in Gymnodinium breve, Amphidinium carteri, Gonyaulax excavata and Gonyaulax catenella by means of fish and mouse bioassays. Most dinoflagellates tested were non-toxic. A sample of Mytilus edulis (blue mussels) collected during a red tide in Spain was found to contain an appreciable amount of a toxin which appears to be saxitoxin.
Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer

Increasing emphasis has been placed on chemoprevention as understanding of the genetic and molecular events of carcinogenesis has evolved. More than 1000 compounds that inhibit cancer development in vitro or in animal models have been identified, and active research is under way to determine which of these agents will be both effective and nontoxic in human beings. Currently, 13-cis-retinoic acid is the most studied chemopreventive agent against head and neck cancers. Unfortunately, this vitamin A derivative has significant clinical toxicity, which limits its utility in a practice setting. The efficacy of the retinoids, however, has stimulated efforts to find other chemopreventive compounds that are both effective and nontoxic. This review discusses head and neck premalignancy, chemoprevention strategies, retinoids, and several other classes of chemopreventive agents with potential efficacy against head and neck premalignancy.
Exposure to tobacco retail outlets and smoking initiation among New York City adolescents.

This study was designed to estimate the relationship between exposure to tobacco retail outlets and smoking initiation in a racially diverse urban setting. Using data from the 2011 NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the exposure–initiation relationship and test for effect modification, while controlling for covariates. The predicted probability of smoking initiation from the multivariable model increased from 7.7 % for zero times a week exposed to tobacco retailers to 16.0 % for exposure seven times or more per week. The odds of initiation were significantly higher among adolescents exposed to tobacco retail outlets two times or more a week compared with those exposed less often (AOR = 1.41; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.84). Risk-taking behavior modified the relationship between exposure and initiation, with the odds of initiation highest among those low in risk-taking (AOR = 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.14, 1.56). These results are consistent with past research, showing that frequent exposure to tobacco marketing in retail settings is associated with increased odds of initiation. Reducing exposure to tobacco retail marketing could play an important role in curtailing smoking among adolescents, especially those less prone to risk-taking.
In-vitro activity of azithromycin and CP-63,956 against Treponema pallidum

The ability of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin and its epimer CP-63,956 to inhibit protein synthesis in two pathogenic strains of Treponema pallidum was investigated. Using an in-vitro radiolabelling procedure employing treponemes freshly extracted from infected rabbit testes, our results indicate that both antibiotics were comparable with erythromycin in their ability to inhibit protein synthesis in T. pallidum Nichols strain. An erythromycin-resistant clinical isolate of T. pallidum, designated Street strain 14, exhibited only partial inhibition of protein synthesis at the highest antibiotic concentration tested.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of Co_3O_4 nanoparticle-doped polyvinyl-alcohol thin films

Thin films made from a composite of the polymer polyvinyl-alcohol and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were fabricated by spin coating. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of thin films with thicknesses of hundreds of nanometers were investigated. The refractive index and absorption coefficient were measured and two direct band gaps (Eg = 1.38 eV and 2.0 eV) were determined from the absorption spectrum. Reversed saturable absorption and saturable absorption were observed when the films were illuminated with the different fluences. Optical nonlinearities corresponding to reverse saturable absorption were measured by the z-scan technique. A nonlinear refractive index (n2) of ~10−10 cm2/W and nonlinear absorption (β) of ~103 cm/GW have been measured from 425 nm to 675 nm. The experimental results show that the Co3O4 nanoparticle/PVA composite is a promising material for nonlinear optical devices in the visible, since it takes advantages of the high optical nonlinearities of transition metal oxides and the superior mechanical properties and convenient fabrication properties of polymers.
Evaluation of competing diagnostic tests: Sequences for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, part II

Abstract Tests for pulmonary embolism (PE) and its most frequent source, deep vein thrombosis, include angiography, ventilation-perfusion nuclear medicine scans, and contrast and radionuclide venography. Although selective angiography is the definitive procedure for diagnosis of PE, its risk of death, although small, as well as the morbidity associated with contrast injections, is high enough that alternative, less accurate but safer, diagnostic procedures are preferred. Part I of this report described the methodology for selection of single test having the lowest effective cost based on the test cost, its risks, and diagnostic performance. Other than the pulmonary angiogram, however, no single test has a sufficiently high diagnostic performance to be clinically realistic: incorrect diagnoses can result in sudden death. Sequences of tests or algorithms can be used to lower the overall risk of the tests to patients while increasing correct decision making to reach a clinically acceptable level. These points are illustrated by comparing three commonly recommended algorithms for the diagnosis of PE. Additionally, the prevalence of PE affects the choice of the algorithm, and we found that no single algorithm is best for all values of prevalence. In summary, we found that the most costeffective strategy was to select the particular algorithm having the lowest effective cost for the relevant prevalence value. Useof algorithms also decreased the overall risk of diagnostic test complications and the number of incorrect diagnoses.
Response of population size to changing vital rates in random environments

Population size and population growth rate respond to changes in vital rates like survival and fertility. In deterministic environments change in population growth rate alone determines change in population size. In random environments, population size at any time t is a random variable so that change in population size obeys a probability distribution. We analytically show that, in a density-independent population, the proportional change in population size with respect to a small proportional change in a vital rate has an asymptotic normal distribution. Its mean grows linearly at a rate equal to the elasticity of the long-term stochastic growth rate λ S while the standard deviation scales as $\sqrt t$ . Consequently, a vital rate with a larger elasticity of λ S may produce a larger mean change in population size compared to one with a smaller elasticity of λ S. But a given percentage change in population size may be more likely when the vital rate with smaller elasticity is perturbed. Hence, the response of population size to perturbation of a vital rate depends not only on the elasticity of the population growth rate but also on the variance in change in population size. Our results provide a formula to calculate the probability that population size changes by a given percentage that works well even for short time periods.
Family Disputes: Diversity in Defining and Measuring Deliberation

Interdisciplinary deliberative research has grown tremendously over the last decade. Theorists are attending more carefully to the findings of empirical research. And empiricists are framing their research in ways that are tailored to track normative-theoretical concerns. The recent surge in empirical work on deliberation, however, has led to a huge proliferation of research designs, general measurement strategies, operational criteria, and even definitions of the phenomenon. The diversity in these approaches has become sufficiently great that it seems worthwhile to step back and take stock lest the expanding deliberative research community dissipate its energies in an ironic lack of effective communication across theoretical and methodological approaches. I survey the main sources of theoretical diversity among normative theories of deliberation, along with the diversity of basic strategies for measuring deliberation that follow from them.
Wedge resection of lung without staples on specimen

A technique for wedge resection of the lung using a linear cutter stapler without staples on the specimen is presented.
The impact of low-fat foods on energy and nutrient intakes

Abstract Despite the trend towards the marketing of low-fat foods, we are only beginning to understand how these products affect food intake and selection, hunger, diet composition and body weight. Recent studies indicate that reducing the proportion of energy from fat will have little effect on the satiety value of foods. Low-fat foods may help to reduce energy intake and body weight if they are part of a calorie-controlled diet in which all high-fat foods are avoided. The most reliable health benefit associated with the consumption of low-fat foods will be a reduction in the daily percentage of calories that come from fat.
Analysis of Nested Designs with Binomially‐Distributed Outcome Variables

A model and methods are presented for the analysis of a nested design with binomially-distributed outcome variables. The proposed method may also be applicable to the analysis of singly-ordered contingency tables.
Probability density of velocity increments in turbulent flows.

Measurements have been made of the probability density function (PDF) of velocity increments \ensuremath{\Delta}u(r) for a wide range of separation distances r. Stretched exponentials provide good working approximations to the tails of the PDF. The stretching exponent varies monotonically from 0.5 for r in the dissipation range to 2 for r in the integral scale range. Theoretical forms based on multifractal notions of turbulence agree well with the measured PDFs. When the largest scales in the velocity u are filtered out, the PDF of \ensuremath{\Delta}u(r) becomes symmetric and, for large r, close to exponential.