cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hand-Handle Orientation and Maximum Force

Many industries today have very high incidence rates for cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). Several factors are known to contribute to the onset of CTDs including the application of high forces. A reasonable inference is that a tool and/or task design that requires less grasp muscle effort will be less likely to contribute to CTD. The findings of a study by Jorgensen et al. (1989) indicated that the direction of power grasp force relative to the hand appears have a significant effect on the magnitude of the force exerted. This study was conducted to confirm and quantify these force magnitude differences for four orientations of opposition forces to the hand in a power grasp for two friction conditions and two handle shapes. The results showed that the orientations can be placed in two groups, one containing a single orientation and the other grouping containing the remaining three orientations. The orientation found to be superior to the other three was the pull resisting a force at the bottom of the hand...
Epidemiologic Support for Melanoma Heterogeneity Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program

TO THE EDITOR Several studies have used evidence evaluating genetic alterations (Curtin et al., 2005) and anatomic location (Whiteman et al., 2003) to support theories that melanoma is a heterogeneous disease with differing etiologies. Using data from the large-scale, population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute, we examined whether age-specific incidence patterns separated by sex and site would reveal distinct melanoma subgroups. Age, sex, and anatomic site were abstracted for all microscopically confirmed, first invasive cutaneous melanomas among non-Hispanic white adults collected by the SEER 17 Registry Program from 2000 to 2004. Incidence rates, summarized across 5-year age groups, were plotted by age at diagnosis on a log-log scale, and age distribution curves were created. Detailed materials and methods are available in Supplementary Materials and Methods. After excluding 15 cases missing age at diagnosis, 48,673 cases were available for analysis (Table 1). Fifty-six percent of patients were male, and the mean age at diagnosis was 57.0 years. Forty-one percent of all melanomas occurred among those 40–59 years of age. However, the age-specific incidence rate peaked among people aged 70–79 years, who had an incidence rate 5.9 times higher (95% confidence intervals, 5.6–6.2) than those aged 20–29 years. The incidence rate ratio for females compared to males was 0.7 (95% confidence intervals, 0.7–0.7). Forty-three percent of melanomas were located on the extremities, 34% on the trunk, 12% on the face/ears, 7% on the scalp/neck, and 4% at other/unclassified sites.
The solubility of certain p-adic equations

Abstract Estimates are given for the number of variables required to solve p-adic equations. In particular, systems of homogeneous and of inhomogeneous additive equations, as well as single homogeneous equations in general, are studied.
Giving and Getting Respect: Prestige and Stratification in a legal Elite

This article focuses on the corporate actor elite of Chicago's legal community—those attorneys who practice law with and for the major business, social, civic, and cultural organizations in the city. A continuation of a previous article, this article focuses on the differential allocation of professional respect made within that elite. Specifically, the discussion centers on the “second-class citizenship” in the legal community to which elite house counsel are relegated by elite partners in private law firms. The first half of the article probes the social bases for that stigma. Examining a number of alternative explanations, it offers most support to one based on differences in the educational preparations of the respondents, to the effect that house counsel attended less prestigious law schools and performed less outstandingly at these schools than did firm partners at theirs. In the concluding half of the article, the effects of the stigma on elite social cohesion and commonality of purpose are examined. What emerges from this analysis is the finding that the house counsel stigma—strongly felt as it may be by all concerned—nevertheless generates no lasting lines of social cleavage within the corporate actor legal elite.
The hydrogen bonding influence on polarizability and hyperpolarizability. A derivative hartree-fock study of the electrical properties of hydrogen fluoride and the hydrogen fluoride dimer

Abstract Derivative Hartree—Fock calculations have been carried out to explore the dependence of the molecular dipole polarizability and hyperpolarizability tensors of the HF dimer as a function of the intermolecular separation. The results show a diminishing axial hyperpolarizability (β) in the course of hydrogen bond formation. The polarizability (α) changes little. The changes in the hyperpolarizability can be well explained as arising from the hyperpolarizability induced by the field of one monomer via the second and third hyperpolarizability of the other. This is consistent with the important role of simple electrical interactions in hydrogen bonding and indicates that the electrical properties of the dimer can be well predicted from the electrical properties of the isolated monomers.
POPULAR MUSIC AND COMMUNICATION RESEARCH: An Editorial Epilogue

Popular music is perhaps the most international mode of communication, yet social research on this phenomenon remains strongly national in orientation. Recent research begins to point to issues at the levels of the individual and the subculture (especially youth), and to functions for social groups such as identification, integration, and expression. Market forces, driven by the demands of youth culture, create a tension between international flow of popular music and the concern over preservation of indigenous national musics. The sound, more than the words of music, provides subcultural ties and boundaries, and might be studied by both social scientists and humanists in ways that complement content-oriented research on politics.
Technologies for local area computer networks

Abstract Local area computer networks are distinguished from long distance networks by the need to serve users in a limited geographic area. The service requirements for local area computer networks are reviewed and several candidate technologies are briefly compared in the concluding section
Controller Design for Multi-Body Ground Vehicle Rollover Prevention Using Modified LQR Framework

This paper addresses the issue of control design for rollover prevention of a multi-body ground vehicle with army applications. The novelty of the approach lies in expressing the traditional rollover index as a quadratic performance index in Linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) design thereby integrating the roll over index directly and explicitly in the optimization procedure. The control gain obtained based on rollover performance index is more effective for rollover prevention than the gain obtained based on standard LQR design in which there is much ambiguity and labor involved in assigning the weights. The control gain obtained based on the proposed rollover performance index outperforms the standard LQR design, essentially because it introduces a cross coupling term between the state and control variables in the modified performance index. Thus, the proposed rollover prevention technique effectively incorporates the physical nature of the vehicle dynamics in the problem formulation resulting in significantly improved performance.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Hypothermia: a neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

In May, 2005, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) convened a workshop to evaluate the status of knowledge regarding the safety and efficacy of hypothermia as a neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).1 Participants, including the current and past chairs of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn, reviewed current evidence and identified gaps in knowledge and clinical implications. They agreed that current evidence supports the conclusion that mild to moderate hypothermia holds promise for the amelioration of neural injury after a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult. The objectives of this commentary are to review briefly the background and current knowledge regarding the therapeutic efficacy and safety of sustained mild to moderate hypothermia to prevent death and severe disability in neonates who have experienced a significant hypoxic-ischemic insult and to urge caution and restraint in the immediate implementation of this therapy before more corroborating evidence has been published. The lack of a definitive therapeutic approach for HIE remains one of the unresolved clinical frustrations of contemporary neonatal medicine. The dismal prognosis for infants who sustain a severe asphyxial insult in the perinatal period has altered little despite advances in the application of diagnostic and multiorgan life-support techniques to newborns.2–5 In part because the principal etiologies differ, therapeutic advances in the management of encephalopathy in older children and adults have not proved to be applicable to neonates.6 In addition, unlike older patients, the etiology, onset, and duration of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury are varied and often unknown. ### Early Studies In the 1950s and 1960s, Miller and Westin7,8 studied the physiologic basis for the neuroprotective role of hypothermia in the treatment of “asphyxia neonatorum,” first in newborn animals and then in human newborns. They and others demonstrated improved survival without cerebral … Address correspondence to Lillian R. Blackmon, MD, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Room N5W68, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail: lblackmon{at}peds.umaryland.edu
Texture evolution in large strain simple shear deformation of high density polyethylene

Abstract The deformational behaviour of linear high density polyethylene (HDPE) in simple shear to large strains and the mechanisms involved in this deformation were investigated. The specimens were sheared at a constant rate at room temperature. The structure and morphology of the samples of HDPE deformed to various permanent shear strains up to 6.3 were studied using wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the simple shear deformation of HDPE is controlled by crystallographic slip mechanisms, mostly the (100)[001] chain slip supported by the (100)[010] transverse slip and (010)[001] chain slip. The crystallographic deformation mechanisms were found to be active in the whole range of the strain history. At strains up to 3.0 the deformation by these mechanisms is supported by shear in the amorphous interlamellar layers (interlamellar sliding) which also alters the orientation of the crystalline phase. This sliding appears to be partially reversible on unloading. At moderate strains chain slip becomes unstable, which causes the localization of deformation within numerous fine shear bands. Further deformation concentrated in bands leads to the destruction of the crystalline lamellae and the transformation of the sample morphology into a microfibrillar one at a shear strain near 4.3. Further deformation, mostly by chain slip, in the crystals arranged after their fragmentation into microfibrils results in a sharp, nearly axial texture with the chain axis c tilted a few degrees away from the direction of shear.
Detection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation with monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody after deoxyribonuclease treatment

We studied the effects of deoxyribonucleases on the detection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) by anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). After DNase I treatment, BrdUrd was detected in cells fixed on slides with the anti-BrdUrd mAbs, B44 and BMC9318. The level of detection related to the degree of DNA digestion. DNA digestion of 25-75% resulted in levels of staining comparable to control preparations in which DNA was denatured by heating with formamide. Staining with the mAbs of DNase I-treated cells was abolished with S1 nuclease, a single-stranded DNA-specific nuclease. When exonuclease III was used after DNase I treatment, the staining intensity of cells fixed on slides increased, and BrdUrd could be detected in suspended cells by flow cytometry. Since this enzymatic method leading to the detection of BrdUrd does not involve cell loss, or destruction of either cellular morphology or epitope reactivity, as occurs with traditional DNA denaturation procedures, it is useful for kinetic studies of phenotypically mixed populations. Furthermore, staining with anti-BrdUrd mAb of cells treated with exonuclease III offers a simple approach to quantitation of apoptotic cells, in which an endogenous endonuclease is activated.
Polynuclear catalysis: enhancement of enchainment cooperativity between different single-site olefin polymerization catalysts by ion pairing with a binuclear cocatalyst.

A new multicenter ethylene polymerization process is described whereby two different single-site catalysts, one competent for producing vinyl-terminated oligomers or macromonomers and one competent for producing high-molecular weight ethylene-α-olefin copolymers, are held in close spatial proximity via ion-pairing with a dianionic binuclear bis-borate cocatalyst. Ethylene polymerizations mediated by stoichiometrically appropriate quantities of Me2Si(tBuN)(η5-3-ethylindenyl)ZrMe2 and Me2Si(tBuN)(η5-C5Me4)TiMe2 activated by the bis-borate cocatalyst [Ph3C+]2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3-2] yield a more homogeneous polyethylene product when compared to control polymerizations using the mononuclear activator [Ph3C+][B(C6F5)4-]. The bulk and spectroscopic properties of the polymer produced using the binuclear activator are consistent with highly branched polyethylene.
Effect of chemistry-transport model scale and resolution on population exposure to PM2.5 from aircraft emissions during landing and takeoff

Abstract Atmospheric chemistry-transport models are often used to determine the marginal impact of emissions on air quality and public health, but the uncertainties related to modeling assumptions are rarely formally characterized from the perspective of health impact calculations. Aviation emissions are of increasing interest, due to the projected growth in aviation transport coupled with the decreasing emissions from other anthropogenic sources, but the geographic scale and resolution necessary to accurately characterize public health impacts from aviation are unclear, given the unique spatio-temporal pattern of aviation emissions. In this study, we estimate the incremental contribution of commercial aviation emissions during landing and takeoff (LTO) cycles from three U.S. airports – Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson, Chicago’s O’Hare, and Providence’s T.F. Green – to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ), a comprehensive chemistry-transport air quality model. To evaluate the significance of model resolution and geographic scale, we ran a one-atmosphere version of CMAQ at 36-, 12-, and 4-km resolutions, and calculated the total population health risks at various distances from each airport. In spite of significant differences in maximum concentrations attributable to aviation emissions, total population health risks over the entire model domain were largely unaffected by model resolution, with a 2% difference in estimated mortality risks between the 36-km and 12-km resolution outputs. Analyses of model scale indicated that a 108 × 108 km domain centered on the airport captured most population exposure for primary components of PM2.5, but total public health risks were dominated by populations at greater distances from the airport, given the contribution from secondary ammonium sulfate and nitrate, with 28–35% of health risks occurring more than 300 km from the airports. Our findings provide insight about the model resolution and geographic scales necessary for population risk assessment from LTO emissions, and demonstrate the robustness of risk-based prioritization across multiple grid resolutions.
Characterizing the d-TLB behavior of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks

Despite the numerous optimization and evaluation studies that have been conducted with TLBs over the years, there is still a deficiency in an indepth understanding of TLB characteristics from an application angle. This paper presents a detailed characterization study of the TLB behavior of the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite. The contributions of this work are in identifying important application characteristics for TLB studies, quantifying the SPEC2000 application behavior for these characteristics, as well as making pronouncements and suggestions for future research based on these results.Around one-fourth of the SPEC2000 applications (ammp, apsi, galgel, lucas, mcf, twolf and vpr) have significant TLB missrates. Both capacity and associativity are influencing factors on miss-rates, though they do not necessarily go hand-in-hand. Multi-level TLBs are definitely useful for these applications in cutting down access times without significant miss rate degradation. Superpaging to combine TLB entries may not be rewarding for many of these applications. Software management of TLBs in terms of determining what entries to prefetch, what entries to replace, and what entries to pin has a lot of potential to cut down miss rates considerably. Specifically, the potential benefits of prefetching TLB entries is examined, and Distance Prefetching is shown to give good prediction accuracy for these applications.
Practitioners Theorize, Too: Reaffirming Planning Theory in a Survey of Practitioners’ Theories

Many scholars have voiced frustration with planning theory’s marginalization. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of theory to practice by exploring what practitioners have theorized. It reviews the development of procedural theories of city planning from 1959 until 1983, and juxtaposes this review with a survey of theory-articulating literature in U.S. trade journals. The article concludes that practitioners value theorizing, that practitioners’ theories mirror academics’ theories, and that practitioners maintained diverse theories of planning rather than pursuing a single theory of planning. These findings can remind the reader of how planning theory speaks to professional experience.
Evidence for the "Guilt by Familial Association" Effect: Evil Twins Excepted

The effect of a target person's familial relationship with a convicted criminal on the impressions of the target was examined. Participants rated an individual who had either no relative in prison (control), or a cousin, brother or identical twin brother serving a prison sentence for burglary and armed robbery. The target person had no criminal background. Ratings of the target were lower in the three "relative in prison" conditions, as compared to the control condition. Ratings of the target decreased as kinship with the criminal increased, with the exception of the "identical twin" condition, which was approximately equal to ratings provided by participants in the control condition. The results suggest that participants actively evaluated the extent of the familial relationship between the target person and the criminal relative and used this information in the impression formation process.
An Application of Family Stress Theory to Clinical Work with Military Families and Other Vulnerable Populations

Growing empirical evidence has suggested an association between deployment experiences and adverse consequences among military families in terms of individual and family functioning. Military families are increasingly seeking the support of clinical social workers for both preventing and managing these adverse outcomes. The contextual model of family stress and coping, a family stress theory consistent with social work values, provides a clinically useful framework for designing effective interventions for this population. In this article, I apply this model to a case study to illustrate how this perspective can be used to both understand the experiences of military families and develop appropriate treatment plans for family therapy. Based on case information gathered by a social worker during a family assessment, I use the model to organize and understand the issues faced by this family and guide treatment.
X-ray Crystal Structure of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Rubrerythrin with Zinc Substituted into the [Fe(SCys)4] Site and Alternative Diiron Site Structures†,‡

The X-ray crystal structure of recombinant Desulfovibrio vulgaris rubrerythrin (Rbr) that was subjected to metal constitution first with zinc and then iron, yielding ZnS(4)Rbr, is reported. A [Zn(SCys)(4)] site with no iron and a diiron site with no appreciable zinc in ZnS(4)Rbr were confirmed by analysis of the anomalous scattering data. Partial reduction of the diiron site occurred during the synchrotron X-ray irradiation at 95 K, resulting in two different diiron site structures in the ZnS(4)Rbr crystal. These two structures can be classified as containing mixed-valent Fe1(III)(mu-OH(-))(mu-GluCO(2)(-))(2)Fe2(II) and Fe1(II)(mu-GluCO(2)(-))(2)Fe2(III)-OH(-) cores. The data do not show any evidence for alternative positions of the protein or solvent ligands. The iron and ligand positions of the solvent-bridged site are close to those of the diferric site in all-iron Rbr. The diiron site with only the two carboxylato bridges differs by an approximately 2 A shift in the position of Fe1, which changes from six- to four-coordination. The Fe1- - -Fe2 distance (3.6 A) in this latter site is significantly longer than that of the site with the additional solvent bridge (3.4 A) but significantly shorter than that previously reported for the diferrous site (4.0 A) in all-iron Rbr. The apparent redox-induced movement of Fe1 at 95 K in the ZnS(4)Rbr crystal implies an extremely low activation barrier, which is consistent with the rapid (approximately 30 s(-1)) room temperature turnover of the all-iron Rbr during its catalysis of two-electron reduction of hydrogen peroxide. ZnS(4)Rbr does not show peroxidase activity, presumably because the [Zn(SCys)(4)] site, unlike the [Fe(SCys)(4)] site, cannot mediate electron transfer to the diiron site. One or both of the diiron site structures in the cryoreduced ZnS(4)Rbr crystal are likely to represent that (those) of transient mixed-valent diiron site(s) that must occur upon return of the diferric to the diferrous oxidation level during peroxidase turnover.
Effects of genistein in the maternal diet on reproductive development and spatial learning in male rats

Endocrine disruptors, chemicals that disturb the actions of endogenous hormones, have been implicated in birth defects associated with hormone-dependent development. Phytoestrogens are a class of endocrine disruptors found in plants. In the current study we examined the effects of exposure at various perinatal time periods to genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, on reproductive development and learning in male rats. Dams were fed genistein-containing (5 mg/kg feed) food during both gestation and lactation, during gestation only, during lactation only, or during neither period. Measures of reproductive development and body mass were taken in the male offspring during postnatal development, and learning and memory performance was assessed in adulthood. Genistein exposure via the maternal diet decreased body mass in the male offspring of dams fed genistein during both gestation and lactation, during lactation only, but not during gestation only. Genistein decreased anogenital distance when exposure was during both gestation and lactation, but there was no effect when exposure was limited to one of these time periods. Similarly, spatial learning in the Morris water maze was impaired in male rats exposed to genistein during both gestation and lactation, but not in rats exposed during only one of these time periods. There was no effect of genistein on cued or contextual fear conditioning. In summary, the data indicate that exposure to genistein through the maternal diet significantly impacts growth in male offspring if exposure is during lactation. The effects of genistein on reproductive development and spatial learning required exposure throughout the pre- and postnatal periods.
Grounding the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Practice

We invite submissions to ACM/JERIC from teaching practitioners who are our readers. Grounding these submissions in the lived practice of teaching; using data that is already collected to assess student learning; and reporting the data collection, analysis, and context of use accurately and honestly are key aspects for taking a scholarly approach to teaching and learning. We hope to see more such scholarly inquiries by computing educators in the pages of future issues.
Patterning Flexible Substrates Using Surface Relief Structures in Azobenzene Functionalized Polymer Films

A novel method for maskless micro-patterning of polymeric substrates is presented. First, an azobenzene functionalized polymer film is spin-coated on a Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheet. Then surface relief structures are optically inscribed on the polymer film by interference of laser beams. The patterned azobenzene functionalized film is then etched in the plasma chamber such that the gratings are transferred to the PET substrate. Finally, any remaining azobenzene functionalized polymer is dissolved away using an appropriate solvent. This method of patterning can be broadly applied to a variety of flexible/polymeric substrates and the resolution is not limited by the substrate thermo-mechanical properties.
Replacing continuous demand with discrete demand in a competitive location model

Location models commonly represent demand as discrete points rather than as continuously spread over an area. This modeling technique introduces inaccuracies to the objective function and consequently to the optimal location solution. In this article this inaccuracy is investigated by the study of a particular competitive facility location problem. First, the location problem is formulated over a continuous demand area. The optimal location for a new facility that optimizes the objective function is obtained. This optimal location solution is then compared with the optimal location obtained for a discrete set of demand points. Second, a simple approximation approach to the continuous demand formulation is proposed. The location problem can be solved by using the discrete demand algorithm while significantly reducing the inaccuracies. This way the simplicity of the discrete approach is combined with the approximated accuracy of the continuous-demand location solution. Extensive analysis and computations of the test problem are reported. It is recommended that this approximation approach be considered for implementation in other location models. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Twenty‐four‐hour activity and Coprophagy by Capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris)

A study of the 24‐hour cycle of activity in Capybaras in the llanos of Venezuela was made using visible red light for nocturnal activity. Observations were made during both the dry and rainy season. In both cases Capybaras showed 4 peaks of activity during the 24‐hour cycle, but in the dry season 3 peaks were after dark while in the wet season 2 peaks were by day and 2 by night. By night groups of Capybaras moved rapidly to grazing sites keeping together by low volume vocal communication. Experimentation showed that visible red light permits close approach to Capybaras because it hides the observer. Coprophagy was frequently observed, almost exclusively during the morning resting period. Copulations were observed mostly in May (dry season), all but one in water, and most between 08.00 to 13.00. It is suggested that censuses for establishing harvest quotas avoid resting periods because important proportions of Capybaras may be hidden in thickets or aquatic vegetation.
Habitat Interaction Between Two Species of Chipmunk in the Basin and Range Province of Nevada

ABSTRACT . Interspecies interactions can affect how species are distributed, put constraints on habitat expansion, and reduce the fundamental niche of the affected species. Using logistic regression, we analyzed and compared 174 Tamias palmeri and 94 Tamias panamintinus within an isolated mountain range of the Basin and Range Province of southern Nevada. Tamias panamintinus was more likely to use pinyon/ponderosa/fir mixed forests than pinyon alone, compared to random sites. In the presence of T palmeri, however, interaction analyses indicated T. panamintinus was less likely to occupy the mixed forests and more likely near large rocks on southern aspects. This specie s-by-habitat interaction data suggest that T. palmeri excludes T panamintinus from areas of potentially suitable habitat. Climate change may adversely affect species of restricted distribution. Habitat isolation and species interactions in this region may thus increase survival risks as climate temperatures rise.
Determining kinetic parameters for isothermal crystallization of glasses

Non-isothermal crystallization techniques are frequently used to determine the kinetic parameters for crystallization in glasses. These techniques are experimentally simple and quick compared to the isothermal techniques. However, the analytical models used for non-isothermal data analysis, originally developed for describing isothermal transformation kinetics, are fundamentally flawed. The present paper describes a technique for determining the kinetic parameters for isothermal crystallization in glasses, which eliminates most of the common problems that generally make the studies of isothermal crystallization laborious and time consuming. In this technique, the volume fraction of glass that is crystallized as a function of time during an isothermal hold was determined using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The crystallization parameters for the lithium-disilicate (Li2O.2SiO2) model glass were first determined and compared to the same parameters determined by other techniques to establish the accuracy and usefulness of the present technique. This technique was then used to describe the crystallization kinetics of a complex Ca-Sr-Zn-silicate glass developed for sealing solid oxide fuel cells.
Predicting successful weight loss after treatment

Conducted two 8-week behavioral self-control weight reduction groups to investigate the relationship between locus of control and success at weight reduction (N = 49 female Ss). Mean weight losses were significant at post-treatment and after a 3-month and 18-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in weight loss between internals and externals at post-treatment, but internals maintained a significantly greater weight loss than externals at the follow-ups. These results are discussed with regard to self-control behavior.
Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy in Women

Sex-based differences in the prevalence and presentation of arterial and venous thrombosis exist, and emerging data indicate that men and women do not accrue equal benefit from antithrombotic therapy. Sex hormones alter procoagulant protein expression and the function of blood and vascular cells. Sex-based differences in platelet function have been reported, and in animal models, sex-based differences in thrombosis have been noted. Here we review plausible mechanisms that may explain how sex functions as a modifier of thrombosis and summarize clinical data on the interaction between sex and response to antithrombotic therapy.
BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS E-BUSINESS MODELS: CLASSIFICATION AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IMPLICATIONS

Since the introduction of the Internet and e-commerce in the mid-1990s, there has been a lot of hype surrounding e-business, the impact that it will have on the way that companies do business, and how it will change the global economy as a whole. Since the crash of the dotcom companies in 2001, there has been much less hype surrounding the use of the Internet for business. There seems to have been a realization that e-business may not be the answer to all of a company’s problems, but can be a great asset in the struggle to increase efficiencies in daily business dealings, and that the Web is primarily a new way of relating to customers and suppliers. This paper categorizes and discusses the different types of business-to-business electronic business models currently being used by businesses and discussed in the academic literature, and shows how these business models are being implemented within the textile industry. This paper is divided into three parts. Part I gives an overview and some important definitions associated with businessto-business e-business, and discusses some characteristics that are unique to doing business on the Internet. Risks and benefits associated with doing business online are also discussed. Part II analyzes the different types of e-business models seen in the academic literature. Based on the analysis of the literature, a taxonomy of e-business models was developed. This new classification system organized e-business models into the following categories: sourcing models, ownership models, service-based models, customer relationship management models, supply chain models, interaction Models and revenue models. Part III reviews how these e-business models are currently being used within the textile industry. A preliminary analysis of 79 textile manufacturing companies was conducted to identify the applications of e-business.
Proximal articular set angle. Radiographic versus intraoperative measurement

The authors conducted a study to investigate the variability of measurement of the proximal articular set angle. The proximal articular set angle as measured radiographically was compared with the proximal articular set angle as measured intraoperatively. Three groups of evaluators--attending physicians, residents, and third-year podiatric medical students--measured the proximal articular set angle radiographically. The mean measurement, standard deviation, and difference between the mean radiographic measurement and the intraoperative measurement were determined for each group. The authors concluded that the only accurate proximal articular set angle measurement is the intraoperative measurement.
AFLP, Pathogenicity, and VCG Analyses of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium pseudocircinatum from Acacia koa

Abstract Acacia koa (koa), a native tree in Hawaii, suffers from a dieback caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Pathogenicity tests, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) tests, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analyses were conducted on Fusarium isolates recovered from diseased koa. Koa seedling mortality with individual strains ranged from 0 to 85%, with 42% of the strains killing no seedlings. Thus, strains of F. oxysporum recovered from dying koa trees may or may not be virulent. In addition to F. oxysporum, F. pseudocircinatum strains were isolated from diseased koa; however, they were either nonvirulent or had weak virulence. This is the first report of F. pseudocircinatum in Hawaii. The 46 strains of F. oxysporum and F. pseudocircinatum were grouped into 16 VCGs, but 86% of the highly virulent strains belonged to VCG 2. In AFLP analyses, strains from the same VCG generally clustered with one another. Identification of the same set of strains using VCG, AFLP, and pathogenicity tests showed...
Managerial Perceptions and the Production of Fire Protection

Despite compelling impetus to carefully specify the influences on public performance levels, the role of public managers in public production has not been fully characterized or measured. This article argues that an issue central to the study of local government performance is how public managers perceive their decision-making environments. It examines a key aspect of the relationship between public management and government performance by explicitly incorporating public managers in an economic production framework for public services. Aportion of themodel developed in the article is applied to the case of fire chiefs as the primary managers of the production of fire protection by local fire departments. The Q factor analysis technique is used to typologize fire chiefs’ perceptions of their managerial environments.
Communication Processes and Merger Success: An Exploratory Study of Four Financial Institution Mergers

This study examined in three phases whether managerial communication processes differ in more and less successful mergers. In Phase 1, employees at four recently merged financial institutions were interviewed, and published accounts of mergers were reviewed to develop several broad hypotheses regarding how managerial communication activities (participative, supportive, informative, and directive) influence merger success during each stage of merger implementation. Next, criteria were established to assess the human resource dimension of merger success, and an instrument was developed to identify two more and two less successful recently merged financial institutions. In Phase 2, the hypotheses were tested, using a pattern matching multiple case study. None of the four managerial communication processes consistently occurred more frequently in the more successful mergers. In Phase 3, several contingencies were identified which appear to influence the communication needs of employees in acquired organizatio...
Grouping text lines in freeform handwritten notes

Handwritten text lines are prominent structures in freeform digital ink notes and their reliable detection is the foundation to a natural and intelligent interface for note editing and repurposing. This paper presents an optimization method for text line grouping. The global'cost function is designed to find the simplest stroke partitioning to maximize the likelihood of the resulting lines and the consistency of their configuration. A dynamic programming algorithm provides an initial segmentation of the time-ordered stroke sequence. Then a local gradient-descent algorithm iteratively evaluates splitting and merging hypotheses to minimize the global cost function. On average, the proposed technique processes each note page in less than a second at 90% accuracy.
Facies and depositional environments of the Shattuck Sandstone on the northwestern shelf of the Permian Basin

ABSTRACT The Artesia Group is a sequence of carbonates, evaporites, sandstones, siltstones, and shales that was deposited on the back-reef shelves of the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico during late Permian (Guadalupian) time. The facies and depositional environments of the shelf carbonates and evaporites in this group are fairly well established, but there is still debate about the origin of the shelf clastics and the role of sea-level fluctuations in their formation. This problem is not unique to the Artesia Group but is common to shelf clastics in stratigraphic sections around the world. This study examined cores and logs of one of the more prominent shelf clastics in the Artesia Group, the Shattuck Sandstone Member, from two oil fields on the Northwest Shelf of the Permian Basin in or er to address this problem. The Shattuck Sandstone is underlain and overlain by carbonates, evaporites, siltstones, and sandstones that were deposited in a shelf-interior lagoon and adjacent coastal sabkhas during relative highstands of sea level. However, the textures, colors, sedimentary structures, fabrics, and fossil content of the Shattuck, and the nature of its contacts with these bounding lagoonal and coastal sabkha deposits, indicate that it was deposited in semi-arid and poorly-vegetated desert coastal plain environments that prograded across the Northwest Shelf after exposure of the shelf by a sea-level fall. Three facies can be distinguished in the Shattuck Sandstone. Facies 1 consists largely of reddish-brown and non-fossiliferous cross-bedded and bedded sandstones, silty sandstones, and siltstones with silty mudstone drapes and infiltrated detrital clay; it is interpreted to be the deposits of a fluvial sandflat system. Facies 2 consists of non-fossiliferous well-sorted fine to very fine sandstone with dune cross-beds and wind-ripple, grainfall, and deflation-lag laminae; it is interpreted to be the deposits of an eolian sand sheet. Facies 3 is largely composed of reddish-brown and non-fossiliferous sandstones, silty sandstones and siltstones with haloturbation and dewatering structures, displacive anhydrite nodules, and thin nodular-mosaic anhydrite beds; it is interpreted to be the de osits of a clastic-dominated sabkha.
Sharing Mobile Code Securely with Information Flow Control

Mobile code is now a nearly inescapable component of modern computing, thanks to client-side code that runs within web browsers. The usual tension between security and functionality is particularly acute in a mobile-code setting, and current platforms disappoint on both dimensions. We introduce a new architecture for secure mobile code, with which developers can use, publish, and share mobile code securely across trust domains. This architecture enables new kinds of distributed applications, and makes it easier to reuse and evolve code from untrusted providers. The architecture gives mobile code considerable expressive power: it can securely access distributed, persistent, shared information from multiple trust domains, unlike web applications bound by the same-origin policy. The core of our approach is analyzing how flows of information within mobile code affect confidentiality and integrity. Because mobile code is untrusted, this analysis requires novel constraints on information flow and authority. We show that these constraints offer principled enforcement of strong security while avoiding the limitations of current mobile-code security mechanisms. We evaluate our approach by demonstrating a variety of mobile-code applications, showing that new functionality can be offered along with strong security.
Inhibition of chloroplast electron transport reactions by trifluralin and diallate.

The herbicides trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and diallate (S-[2,3-dichloroallyl] diisopropylthiocarbamate) inhibit electron transport, ATP synthesis, and cytochrome f reduction by isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Both compounds inhibit noncyclic electron transport from H2O to ferricyanide more than 90% in coupled chloroplasts at concentrations less than 50 μm. Neither herbicide inhibits electron transport in assays utilizing only photosystem I activity, and the photosystem II reaction elicited by addition of oxidized p-phenylenediamine or 2,5-dimethylquinone is only partially inhibited by herbicide concentrations which block electron flow from H2O to ferricyanide. Inhibition of ATP synthesis parallels inhibition of electron flow in all noncyclic assay systems, and cyclic ATP synthesis catalyzed by either diaminodurene or phenazine metho-sulfate is susceptible to inhibition by both herbicides. These results indicate that trifluralin and diallate both inhibit electron flow in isolated chloroplasts at a point in the electron transport chain between the two photosystems.
Some Noise Suppression, Signal Reception, and Polarization Measurement Properties of Crosscorrelated Antennas

Some recent results concerning the suppression of isotropic unpolarized noise fields obtained by studying the spatiotemporal crosscorrelation functions of dipoles imbedded in the spatial noise field have motivated the investigation of the signal reception properties of dipole arrangements with such noise suppression characteristics. The signal reception problem is approached by considering antenna crosscorrelation which simultaneously includes the spatial properties (i.e., the effective height function) of the antenna along with the temporal processing properties of the crosscorrelation detection process following the antenna array. The analytical techniques used include the antenna height function, crosscorrelation, and coherency matrix representation. The results obtained for a general antenna height function are applied to the specific case of dipole antennas. A technique of polarization measurement for incident radiation is derived by examining the crosscorrelation function expressed in coherency matrix notation when the dipole antenna effective height function is used.
The National Geospatial Digital Archive: a collaborative project to archive geospatial data.

The National Geospatial Digital Archive is a collaborative project between the University of California at Santa Barbara and Stanford University. The project was funded by the Library of Congress through their National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). The goal of the collaboration was to collect, preserve, and provide long-term access to at-risk geospatial data. The project partners created preservation environments at both universities, created and populated a format registry, collected more than ten terabytes of geospatial data and imagery, wrote collection development policies governing acquisitions, and created legal documents designed to manage the content and the relationship between the two nodes.
Using portfolios for exit assessment in engineering programs

The Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is designing a portfolio assessment system to assess students' achievement of program outcomes. The undergraduate aerospace engineering program has embarked upon major curriculum reform initiatives centered on 16 program outcomes detailed in its CDIO Syllabus. Portfolios will be organized into categories reflecting these outcomes. (The 16 CDIO skills, or program outcomes, are also the cornerstone of the program's self-study report for ABET accreditation.) This paper addresses the planning and development of portfolios for assessing students' achievement at the end of their programs in aerospace engineering at MIT.
Cuban Performances of Blackness as the Timeless Past Still Among Us

“Congo” spirits, “black witches,” African slaves, and maroons are ubiquitous historical figures in religious and folklore performances of eastern Cuba, where they are represented through collocations of Bozal speech register, stereotypical “African” vocal and bodily mannerisms and dance forms, and distinctive uses of deictics that present first-person, historical-present accounts of past events. I trace an interdiscursive web across which these racially marked semiotic forms constitute a Cuban racializing discourse that makes blackness highly salient and highly marked by emphasizing a chronotope of blackness as “a timeless past still among us.” This racial chronotope, re-enacted through different performance genres with diverse purposes, contributes to multiple projects of historical subjectivity. [interdiscursivity, historical subjectivity, racialization, folklore, performance, Cuba]
Series Elastic and Contractile Elements in Vascular Smooth Muscle

Segments of dog common carotid artery were excised, cannulated, and restored to in situ length. They were immersed in a Krebs-Ringer's bath and inflated with 100% O2 under nonoscillating pressure. Diameter was continuously monitored with a linear displacement transducer. The vessel segments were relaxed and then treated isometrically with norepinephrine to excite the muscle. These continuously contracted vessels were subjected to 10- or 25-mm Hg quick release steps to 0 mm Hg. Then the muscle was inactivated with potassium cyanide, and the quick releases were repeated to study the parallel elastic elements. Finally, vessel wall volumes were determined radiographically. Computations were performed to compute series elastic element stiffness for both the Maxwell and the Voigt model of the arterial wall. These experiments indicated that the series elastic element stiffness was dependent on the applied stress and independent of muscle length provided that the vessels were excited at initial strains less than ...