cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synergistic control of storage pest rice weevil using Hypericum japonicum and deltamethrin combinations: a key to combat pesticide resistance

The augmented rates of pest infestation in stored grains have forced humans to rely on pesticide application in stored food grains even in developed countries. The greater incidence and alarming rate of pesticide resistance and safety concerns about their use in the food industry also contribute to ill-being of grain consumers and environment, thereby alluring constructive attempts to reduce the levels of agrochemical use. The current research elucidated the synergistic role of Hypericum japonicum (a medicinal plant) and pyrethroid deltamethrin in controlling the most common storage pest rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae even at low concentrations than recommended by FAO. The screening of pesticidal property of methanolic extract of H. japonicum, pyrethroid deltamethrin, and their combinatorial assay was evaluated by standard procedures under laboratory conditions and mortality was gauged after 24 h of exposure. The LC50 and LC90 concentrations of deltamethrin alone (0.725 mg/l and 3.577 mg/l respectively) and in combination with Hypericum methanolic extract (LC50 0.119 mg/l and LC90 1.27 mg/l respectively) were found to be potent. The study revealed that the supplementation of plant extract in the pest controlling formulation substantially reduced the effective individual LC90 concentration of the pesticide required for pest control. The plant extracts showed synergy towards deltamethrin with SF 6.09. This is the foremost report on the synergistic effect of H. japonicum with deltamethrin against rice weevil, which could serve as an effective and more safer storage pest control method against the indiscriminate pesticide use and abuse.
Targeted fusion analysis can aid in the classification and treatment of pediatric glioma, ependymoma, and glioneuronal tumors.

Background The use of next-generation sequencing for fusion identification is being increasingly applied and aids our understanding of tumor biology. Some fusions are responsive to approved targeted agents, while others have future potential for therapeutic targeting. Although some pediatric central nervous system tumors may be cured with surgery alone, many require adjuvant therapy associated with acute and long-term toxicities. Identification of targetable fusions can shift the treatment paradigm toward earlier integration of molecularly targeted agents. Methods Patients diagnosed with glial, glioneuronal, and ependymal tumors between 2002 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for fusion testing. Testing was done primarily using the ArcherDx FusionPlex Solid Tumor panel, which assesses fusions in 53 genes. In contrast to many previously published series chronicling fusions in pediatric patients, we compared histological features and the tumor classification subtype with the specific fusion identified. Results We report 24 cases of glial, glioneuronal, or ependymal tumors from pediatric patients with identified fusions. With the exception of BRAF:KIAA1549 and pilocytic/pilomyxoid astrocytoma morphology, and possibly QKI-MYB and angiocentric glioma, there was not a strong correlation between histological features/tumor subtype and the specific fusion. We report the unusual fusions of PPP1CB-ALK, CIC-LEUTX, FGFR2-KIAA159, and MN1-CXXC5 and detail their morphological features. Conclusions Fusion testing proved to be informative in a high percentage of cases. A large majority of fusion events in pediatric glial, glioneuronal, and ependymal tumors can be identified by relatively small gene panels.
The role of financial strain in college students' work hours, sleep, and mental health.

To examine poor sleep quality as a potential mediator between college students’ employment hours and depressive symptoms, and to examine if this mediation model might differ across students reporti...
Durable response to hormonal therapy in a patient with rapidly progressive low-grade serous ovarian cancer: A case report.

Abstract This case report describes a 46-year-old patient with rapidly progressive stage IIIA1 estrogen receptor positive low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSC). She was optimally debulked with no residual disease and received three cycles of adjuvant liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin intravenous chemotherapy. CT scan and pelvic exam after her third cycle revealed a 5.7 cm nodular fixed left vaginal cuff mass involving the rectosigmoid consistent with rapidly progressive disease on chemotherapy. The decision was made to initiate letrozole, and she demonstrated a prolonged partial response for 34 months on hormonal therapy. The optimal management of newly diagnosed LGSC has yet to be determined. This unique case suggests that patients with newly diagnosed disease will not be compromised if treated with adjuvant hormonal monotherapy.
Listening Goals and Parasocial Relationships: How Listening Styles Impact the Development of Parasocial Relationships with Media Personas

Recognizing the goal-directed nature of listening, this study investigates how listening style preferences relate to the development of parasocial relationships with hosts of popular media. Partici...
An Economic Study of Wheat Crop Cultivation Methods in Sharia Governorate

The wheat crop is considered one of the most important agricultural crops that are of interest to the makers of the Egyptian agricultural economic policy, as it is one of the most important food crops in Egypt which is used in the manufacture of bread, which is the nerve of food, and is considered the first strategic crop according to food security considerations, the most important of which is the criterion for securing basic needs from Food for the citizen, and according to the value of its imports funded from the proceeds of foreign exchange, then the successive agricultural policies aim to try to achieve increasing rates of self-sufficiency in wheat ,The most important results obtained were The most important indicators of economic efficiency were that the profit of the pound spent in the traditional farming method was 1.02 pounds, rose to 1.23 pounds in the way of cultivation on terraces, rose to a maximum of cultivation in the caravan of 1.30 pounds, and this means that the profit of the pound spent in the cultivation method in the caravans exceeds that of the traditional farming methods and farming on terraces By about 0.28 pounds, 0.07 pounds, respectively. Also, the total marginal surplus amounted to 12322 pounds by conventional agriculture, 13132 pounds by planting on terraces, and 14111 pounds by cultivation by car-styling, and this means the total marginal surplus of the method of cultivation in the carpentry exceeds that of its method in a way Traditional agriculture and agriculture on terraces by about 1789 pounds, 979 pounds, respectively. As for the incentive of the product amounted to about 77 piasters by the traditional farming method, it rose to about 80 piasters, both agriculture on terraces and agriculture in the carriage volume of imports of wheat from 7 million tons (the size of the wheat gap) to 2.6 million tons, and H. Equivalent to $ 994.4 million, at an average price of (US $ 226 / ton)
We should address residential relocation to improve patient care

Moving, or residential relocation, occurs frequently in childhood and adolescence as well as in adulthood, yet little scientific consensus exists on its impact upon health outcomes. This paper summarises the available literature on this broad topic and explores the currently known factors of importance surrounding residential relocation. There is already evidence to support an increased risk of suicidal ideation, psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, functional impairments and future general medical health impairments in children, adolescents and adults with histories of residential relocation. Intrapersonal factors, such as personality type and the availability of coping skills, as well as interpersonal factors, such as family composition and system strengths, attenuate risk and are integral to additionally assess. While there is support for the contribution of residential relocation in the onset of youth psychopathology that warrant consideration of residential relocation in the standard assessment of a patient, further studies are needed to better explore this factor in select populations.
Bending the rules: Procedural politicking in the bureaucracy : by Rachel Augustine Potter, Chicago, IL, The University of Chicago Press, 2019, 244 pp., $30.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-0226621746

Recent rulemaking actions under the Trump Administration – from the repeal of fair housing regulations to the reimagining of Title IX – have focused renewed national attention on this arcane proces...
Local and Global Behaviour of Solutions to Nonlinear Equations with Natural Growth Terms

In this paper we study the Dirichlet problem $$\left\{\begin{array}{lll}-\Delta_p{u} = \sigma |u|^{p-2}u + \omega \quad {\rm in}\;\Omega,\\ u = 0 \qquad\quad\qquad\quad\;\qquad{\rm on}\;\partial\Omega,\end{array}\right.$$ , where σ and ω are nonnegative Borel measures, and $${\Delta_p{u} = \nabla \cdot (\nabla{u} \, |\nabla{u}|^{p-2})}$$ is the p-Laplacian. Here $${\Omega \subseteq \mathbf{R}^n}$$ is either a bounded domain, or the entire space. Our main estimates concern optimal pointwise bounds of solutions in terms of two local Wolff’s potentials, under minimal regularity assumed on σ and ω. In addition, analogous results for equations modeled by the k-Hessian in place of the p-Laplacian will be discussed.
Topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films as an alternative channel material in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

Three-dimensional (3-D) topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by the presence of metallic surface states and a bulk band gap. Recently, theoretical and experimental studies have shown an induced gap in the surface state bands of TI thin films. The gap results from interaction of conduction band and valence band surface states from the opposite surfaces of a thin film, and its size is determined by the film thickness. This gap formation could open the possibility of thin-film TI-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Here we explore the performance of MOSFETs based on TI thin films, specifically Bi2Se3, using quantum ballistic transport simulations with the tight-binding Hamiltonian in the atomic orbital basis. Our simulations indicate that Bi2Se3 MOSFET will be vulnerable to short-channel effects due to the high relative dielectric constant of Bi2Se3 (∼100) despite its expected excellent electrostatic integrity inherent in a two-dimensional system, and will have other limitations as compared to silicon–based MOSFETs. However, Bi2Se3 MOSFETs, and presumably other TI-based MOSFETs, appear to provide reasonable performance that perhaps could provide novel device opportunities when combined with novel TI properties such as spin-polarized surface states.
Renter Protection and New Business Creation

We examine whether renter protection encourages new business creation by reducing household vulnerability in home-rental markets. Passages of city-level just cause eviction ordinance in California are associated with a 9.6\% increase in the number of new small businesses, and a higher proportion of female and racial minority business owners. Local demand shocks and landlord investments are unlikely to explain the results. New firms created post passage tend to survive in the long run and perform no worse than other firms. Our evidence suggests that policies that protect renters against wrongful evictions benefit local economy by promoting self-employment and job creation.
The relationship between injury-related fear and physical activity in people with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs and physical activity (PA) in people with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design : Modified cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory Participants: A total of 19 participants with a history of unilateral ACLR. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), a valid and reliable measure of FAB measured across two subscales (FABQ-Sport and FABQ-Physical Activity (PA)). Higher scores indicated greater FAB. The participants were provided a wearable accelerometer to wear on the wrist for one-week to capture PA outcomes (vertical counts per minute and average steps/day). Results: Weak, non-statistically significant positive correlations were identified between average daily steps per day (11,237.7 ± 5667.7), FABQ-PA (6 ± 8; r = 0.12, p = .63) and FABQ-S (8 ± 15; r = 0.26, p = .35). Weak, non-statistically significant negative correlations were identified between vertical counts per minute (131.4 ± 141.4) and FABQ-PA (r = −0.13, p = .59) and no relationship was observed with FABQ-Sports (r = 0.00, p = .98). Conclusions: There were no significant relationships between FABs and PA. The ability for individuals to remain physically active, with measurable levels of FABs (greater than 0), may be due to other psychological variables that should be further examined.
How Firms Communicate Their Social Roles through Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Citizenship, and Corporate Sustainability: An Institutional Comparative Analysis of Firms’ Social Reports

Drawing on institutional theory and the varieties of capitalism framework, this content analysis investigated how firms communicate their social roles through the concepts of corporate social respo...
Plastids: The Anabolic Factories of Plant Cells

Chloroplasts are one member of a diverse family of semiautonomous, endosymbiosis-derived, anabolic organelles called ‘plastids.’ Plastids, as a group, perform a wide range of activities including synthesis of all major biomolecules that form the basis of every food chain, production of atmospheric oxygen, and sensing of and responding to the environment. Chloroplasts photosynthesize low-molecular-weight carbon compounds, and synthesize many lipids, amino acids, and proteins. Other plastids include the proplastid (developmental precursors), etioplast (transitional stage), amyloplast (starch storage and gravisensing), chromoplast (fruit and leaf coloration), elaioplast (oil production), and gerontoplast (controlled catabolism).
Capabilities for E-commerce

Properly applied principles of business reengineering (BRE) continue to be valid. Since the shift to E-commerce in an organization is a form of reengineering, BRE is relevant to E-commerce. This allows us to adapt a BRE process for the context of E-commerce. However, in order for an organization to support a process, it needs certain capabilities. We define a capability maturity model for E-commerce. Our process definitions apply to B2C and B2B, but emphasis is on consumers participating in B2B.
Perceptions about Cholesterol among a Hispanic Population and Intent to Behavior Change after Intervention

Purpose: This research aimed at studying perceptions about cholesterol in Hispanics, and uncover, if they were willing to make lifestyle changes because of cholesterol and its effects on health.Methods: Qualitative: Interviews were conducted with five participants from a Northeast Texas community based organization. Quantitative: Pre and post surveys were given to eighty-three different participants, conveniently chosen from the community based organization. A paired sample t-test was used to compare the responses. Results: The qualitative study showed that it was hard for people to make the time to exercise due to busy work schedules and majority of them ate greasy food cooked in lard at home.The quantitative study showed that people were willing to make lifestyle changes after the intervention: They were more likely to consider getting their cholesterol tested at least once a year (p<.000), exercise at least three times a week (p<.000) and eat a balanced diet consisting of fruits and vegetables (p<.000). Conclusion: Participants weren’t clear on the effects of cholesterol on health before the intervention. There was an overwhelming positive response after the intervention where people were willing to make lifestyle changes. These changes included eating a balanced diet, exercising at least three times a week, and getting cholesterol tested at least once a year
Monocyte normal immune response to LPS stimulation

Monocyte stimulation with LPS has been used to evaluate adequacy of immune response in immunocompromised patients (monocyte deactivation) with severe sepsis. The aim of the study was to investigate the dose response curve of maximum monocyte TNF-α production after LPS stimulation.
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated Woven Composites Reinforced with Aligned Nanoscale Fibers: Mechanisms at the Macro, Micro, and Nano Scales

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Space Technology Research Fellowship)
Impact on overall survival of primary tumor extirpation in breast cancer patients who present with stage IV disease

598 Background: Limited data exists regarding optimal local therapy for patients who present with stage IV breast cancer with an intact primary tumor. Two retrospective series, from the National Ca...
Overlap lattice Dirac operator and dynamical fermions

I show how to avoid a two level nested conjugate gradient procedure in the context of a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm with the overlap fermionic action. The resulting procedure is quite similar to a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm with domain wall fermions, but is more flexible and therefore has some potential worth exploring.
Static Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Monolayers on Scribed Silicon Derived from 1-Alkenes, 1-Alkynes, and 1-Haloalkanes

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was performed on monolayers prepared by scribing silicon under a homologous series of 1-alkenes, 1-alkynes, and 1-haloalkanes: CH 2 =CH(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 (n = 2, 5, 9), HC≡C(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n = 2, 5, 9), Cl(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n = 4, 7, 9), Br(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n = 4, 7, 11), I(CH 2 ) n CH 3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 11), and I 1 3 CH 3 . Numerous SiC x H y + and C x H y + fragments and adduct ions were observed. The results support a proposed binding model that 1-haloalkanes bind to the silicon surface through one C-Si bond and that 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes generally bind through two C-Si bonds. For instance, silicon surfaces scribed under 1-haloalkanes show less carbon by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) than silicon scribed under 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes with the same number of carbon atoms, but they show more intense SiC x H y + fragments by ToF-SIMS. Above a certain chain length, the relative intensities of the fragment and adduct ions for a homologous series generally increase with increasing alkyl chain length, which is in agreement with carbon surface coverages measured by XPS and the proposed binding models. Anomalously strong SiCH 3 + and SiC 2 H 5 + fragments observed in silicon scribed under CH 3 I and CH 3 CH 2 I suggest formation of methyl- and ethyl-terminated silicon, respectively. An isotopic study of silicon scribed under 1 3 CH 3 I and CH 3 I provides additional evidence for formation of methyl-terminated silicon and suggests sputter-induced decomposition of the near-surface region by ToF-SIMS. Ab initio calculations of a few SiC x H y + type fragments are shown to verify assignments of structure. We also note an alternative explanation for some of the results based on the density of alkyl chains on the surfaces.
Land and Water Use Impacts on Ground‐Water Quality in Las Vegas Valleya

Marked changes in the occurrence and quality of near-surface ground water in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada result from urban and industrial land and water use practices. In-valley recharge has increased tenfold in the period 1943 to 1973 and now amounts to about 40,000 acre-feet/year (49.3 million m3). Ground-water flows leaving the Valley have increased from 250 acre-feet/year to about 12,000 acre-feet/year. Twenty to 400 tritium units (T.U.) in shallow ground water confirm widespread addition of recent recharge. Trend-surface analysis of recent water-quality data for depth intervals or “slices” of 0 to 50, 51 to 100, and 101 to 300 feet (0 to 15.2 m, 15.5 to 39.5 m, 30.8 to 91.4 m) revealed that natural trends below a depth of 50 feet are explainable in terms of broad hydrogeologic conditions. From 0 to 50 feet quality is highly irregular and markedly more influenced by land and water use practices and waste disposal in particular. Chloride, TDS, and nitrate are particularly diagnostic of return flows as is spring development and (or) a rising water table resulting from increased recharge and low vertical permeability. Statistical tests on water-quality data for the period 1912 to 1968 yielded generally insignificant change with time. However, the extreme paucity of the data base makes any conclusion questionable. More efficient irrigation practices could reduce the present irrigation water demand by 15,000 acre-feet/year and reduce return flows by 11,000 acre-feet/year. Return flows by the year 2000 could easily amount to 75,000 acre-feet/year or about three times the total water budget of the Valley prior to urbanization. Therefore, groundwater problems are likely to worsen and, if present monitoring practices prevail, go unnoticed.
New approaches to the design of polymer and liquid electrolytes for lithium batteries

Abstract All non-aqueous lithium battery electrolytes are Lewis bases that interact with cations. Unlike water, they do not interact with anions. The result is a high degree of ion pairing and the formation of triplets and higher aggregates. This decreases the conductivity and the lithium ion transference, and results in polarization losses in batteries. Approaches that have been used to increase ion dissociation in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes are the use of salts with low lattice energy, the addition of polar plasticizers to the polymer, and the addition of cation complexing agents such as crown ethers or cryptands. Complexing of the anions is a more promising approach, since it should increase both ion dissociation and the lithium transference. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) we have synthesized two new families of neutral anion complexing agents, each based on Lewis acid centers. One is based on electron deficient nitrogen sites on substituted aza-ethers, wherein the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by electron withdrawing groups such as CF 3 SO 3 –. The other is based on electron deficient boron sites on borane or borate compounds with various fluorinated aryl or alkyl groups. Some of the borane-based anion receptors can promote the dissolution of LiF in several solvents. Several of these compounds, when added in equivalent amounts, produce 1.2 M LiF solutions in DME, an increase in solubility of LiF by six orders of magnitude. Some of these LiF electrolytes have conductivities as high as 6×10 −3 S cm −1 . The LiF electrolytes with borane anion acceptors in PC:EC:DEC solvents have excellent electrochemical stability. This has been demonstrated in small Li/LiMn 2 O 4 cells.
Separation of the center-of-mass in independent particle systems

Abstract It is shown that if an independent-particle Hamiltonian can be separated into a center-of-mass and internal part, it must be a second degree polynomial in the momentum and position operators. In particular the spin can enter only through an additive term which is independent of the orbital quantities. If the masses of the particles are the same then the single particle Hamiltonians must be the same; this rules out the possibility of treating protons and neutrons differently in a separable, independent particle Hamiltonian. Invariance requirements further restrict the form of the Hamiltonian.
Optically thin thermal emission as the origin of the big bump in the spectra of active galactic nuclei

Les observations spectroscopiques de la galaxie Mrk 590 sont presentees. La nature de l'exces d'emission UV dans le spectre est analysee
INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN HYDROPHYLLUM APPENDICULATUM: ROLE OF MATERNAL EFFECTS, CROWDING, AND PARENTAL MATING HISTORY.

This paper examines several aspects of the expression of inbreeding depression in an outcrossing, obligately biennial plant, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum (Hydrophyllaceae). The amount of inbreeding depression detected was small during the first year of life but increased with age and had significant effects on adult size and reproductive traits. The lack of significant inbreeding depression during early growth is likely due to the overriding influence of maternal environmental effects on seed size and seedling growth. However, as maternal effects decreased with age, the seedling's own genotype became a more important determinant of its fate. To examine whether the expression of inbreeding depression was sensitive to ecological conditions, selfed and outcrossed seedlings were grown alone or with other H. appendiculatum seedlings. No inbreeding depression was detected in the plants grown alone. In contrast, under competitive conditions, outcrossed seedlings were significantly larger than selfed seedlings by the end of the first growing season. To address whether parental mating history influences the amount of inbreeding depression expressed, I examined the consequences of two successive generations of selfing on seed set and seed weight. The amount of inbreeding depression increased following the second generation of selfing. In the first generation, seed set and seed weight differed by less than 5% between selfed and outcrossed progeny. However, both traits were 15% greater for outcrossed plants after two generations. These results indicate that the alleles responsible for the reductions in these traits were not purged and suggest the action of multiple loci with deleterious effects.
Particle-hole states in 40Ca according to the SU3 scheme

Abstract The contributions of the one-particle-one-hole excitations to the negative-parity levels of 40 Ca are calculated. The basic states are harmonic oscillator states symmetrized according to SU 3 , and in the process of constructing these states, some Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the (30) representation are computed. The residual interaction employed is the Kallio-Kolltveit potential, which used the Moszkowski-Scott separation method. The energy matrix is computed directly from the SU 3 states, using the projection integral method of Elliott. Nine states are obtained, seven of which may be compared with experimental data on the low-lying states of 40 Ca. Five of these states show good agreement with experiment.
Minority banks and minority communities: Are minority banks good neighbors?

The lagging development of many minority communities has had an adverse effect on economic growth in the United States. One factor historically associated with creating or exacerbating this minority problem is the unwillingness of banks to service minority communities adequately. The federal government used two initiatives to address banks' reluctance to aid minorities: the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) that ended the practice of redlining and required all federally regulated banks to demonstrate that they served the convenience and credit needs of their local communities, particularly minorities, women, and other underserved groups, and the establishment and preservation of minority owned banks that were expected to be more sympathetic to the needs of their communities. This paper evaluates the extent to which minority banks have met the needs of minority communities. The assessment is conducted in the context of the ratings received by minority banks on their Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) audits. Through the use of CRA audits, the performance of minority banks is also compared to the performance of the general banking community to determine the validity and success of the government's minority banking initiative. Analysis of CRA audit ratings also compares the performance of minority banks among different ethnicities.
Optical signal processing - Fourier transforms and convolution/correlation

Basic concepts of Fourier optics are presented, including the complex phasor representation of light waves, wave propagation in the Fresnel regime, coherent and incoherent imaging and spatial filtering, and schemes for the optical processing of 1-D signal information.
Reversal of tumor-associated hyperglucagonemia as treatment for cancer cachexia*

Background. The tumor-bearing state is associated with increased circulating glucagon levels that may play an etiologic role in cancer cachexia. The secretion of glucagon can be inhibited with long-term somatostatin analogs, and, in combination with insulin, should maximally reverse the low insulin/glucagon ratio seen in cancer cachexia. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of somatostatin (octreotide) and insulin in a model of cancer cachexia and to determine whether inhibition of glucagon secretion will reverse some of the abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism to selectively benefit host versus tumor metabolism Methods. Sixty-seven female Lewis rats were subcutaneously inoculated with 1 × 106 metastasizing mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cells. On day 30 the animals were randomized into four groups to receive (1) tumor-bearing control (saline injections); (2) octreotide, 150 μg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day; (3) neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin, 5 units/kg subcutaneously twice a day; or (4) both insulin and octreotide injections. A fifth group of non-tumor-bearing controls was included. The animals received treatment for 5 days and were then killed. Results. The tumor-bearing state was found to be associated with an increase in glucagon levels and a significant decrease in the insulin/glucagon ratio. The combination of somatostatin + insulin resulted in a 23-fold increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio without causing significant host morbidity from hypoglycemia. This increased insulin/glucagon ratio was associated with increased carcass weight, increased muscle weight, increased muscle protein, increased liver cellular protein, increased liver microsomal P-450 content, and decreased tumor protein content compared with the tumor-bearing controls. These results were not seen with insulin or somatostatin alone. Hepatic lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activities were increased as a result of combination hormone treatment. Conclusions. Combination hormone treatment with somatostatin and insulin results in a marked increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio and a selective nutritional benefit to the host. The inhibition of tumor-associated hyperglucagonemia should be considered in the treatment of cancer cachexia
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum (Cupressaceae)

We describe eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers for giant sequoia [Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchh.], the world’s largest tree. Size-selected genomic DNA was enriched for short sequence repeats (SSR) and the resulting SSR library was analyzed on a Roche 454 platform. DNA samples from seedlings grown in a common garden (n = 359), representing a gene pool from twenty-three groves, were examined for SSR polymorphisms. The total observed alleles per locus ranged from three to twenty-five. Samples from the cabin creek grove (n = 21) exhibit observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.19 to 1.0, with one loci displaying significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Within this grove, no loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. These microsatellite markers are important for assessing and conserving genetic diversity in this rare conifer.
A dilated fetal stomach predicts a complicated postnatal course in cases of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether dilation of the fetal stomach is associated with increased perinatal complications in infants with prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis. Study design From 34 newborn infants with gastroschisis who were delivered at our institution over a 10-year period, 2 groups were analyzed on the basis of the presence or absence of a dilated fetal stomach. Reactive versus nonreactive nonstress test results were recorded, when performed. Neonatal outcomes were compared. Results Twenty-one fetuses had no evidence of gastric dilation. Thirteen fetuses had a dilated fetal stomach that was identified by ultrasound scanning. Within this group there was a higher incidence of nonreactive nonstress tests (P = .01). Infants with a prenatally dilated stomach had a higher incidence of volvulus and neonatal death, a significantly delayed time to full oral feeds, and a longer hospitalization than those infants who did not have a prenatally dilated stomach (P≤.05). Conclusion Postnatal morbidity and mortality rates are increased in infants with gastroschisis who have a prenatally dilated stomach. These fetuses, although not acidotic at delivery, also had a higher incidence of nonreactive nonstress test results.
SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NOVEL SERIES OF 5-ARYL BENZIMIDAZOLE ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

Abstract A novel series of benzimidazole angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists (4, 13, 5, 17) were synthesized and compared pharmacologically to the previously described imidazole analogues (1, 3a-b).
Analog Signature- Driven Postmanufacture Multidimensional Tuning of RF Systems

Tuning knobs are becoming common in analog and RF devices for postsilicon calibration for variation tolerance and compensation. This article presents a low-cost, hardware-iterative technique based on a steepest-descent-based gradient search algorithm and demonstrates its utility in performance tuning of a 2.4-GHz transmitter system.
Galileons and naked singularities

Abstract A simple trace-coupled Galileon model is shown to admit spherically symmetric static solutions with naked spacetime curvature singularities.
A timescale investigation of volatile chemical retention during hydrometeor freezing: Nonrime freezing and dry growth riming without spreading

[1] Partitioning of volatile chemicals among the gas, liquid, and solid phases during the conversion of liquid water to ice in clouds can impact the poststorm distributions of chemicals in the troposphere and in precipitation. In this paper, we use a timescale-based methodology to determine the key physical parameters involved in retention and derive the dependence of retention on these parameters for nonrime freezing and rime freezing when droplet spreading is minimal. We calculate a dimensionless retention indicator for SO2, H2O2, NH3, and HNO3, for a variety of conditions relevant to natural clouds. We find that solute properties, particularly the effective Henry's constant, likely have a large impact on retention. Chemicals with very high effective Henry's constants (e.g., HNO3) will likely be retained completely under all conditions. For chemicals with lower effective Henry's constants, freezing conditions (including pH, temperature, magnitude of the hydrometeor velocity in air, and drop size) will likely have significant impacts on retention, while air pressure has only a small effect. The dependence on velocity and drop size depends on the limiting mass transport regime and is nonmonotonic due to the competing effects of ventilation on heat and mass transport. The formation of a complete or partial ice shell likely also affects retention significantly. Comparison of our results with available experimental data provides possible explanations of the trends and apparent disagreement found in the studies. The theory-based analysis and methodology presented in this paper can be used to improve experimental design and parameterization of retention in cloud models.
A research group model for graduate training in counselling

ABSTRACT Faced with doing research, students are often hesitant. Most graduate students have never conducted extensive research, having few qualifications or little technical skills. This article focuses on helping students acquire research interests, understanding and skills by using an experiential research group model. The purpose of this article is to show how a research group model can complement the teaching and training of graduate students in counsellor education. We provide an example of how we developed a qualitative research project to examine the proposed research group model. The group model provided students with practical experience within a structured setting using five specific research topics. Perspectives of students and faculty on research groups as a positive addition to traditional teaching are provided.
Polarization smoothing in a convergent beam

A birefringent wedge in a collimated 351-nm beam provides polarization smoothing at the Omega laser facility and provided it for the Nova laser. At the National Ignition Facility, the best place to put such an optic is after the final focus lens. In a converging beam, a flat birefringent plate can closely mimic the polarization-smoothing action of a wedge. In this new design the flat plate is nearly a Z-cut crystal; for the wedges, the optical axis of the crystal lies far from the plate normal.
The effect of tropical instability waves on CO2 species distributions along the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event

Tropical instability waves have been shown to have a major impact on the variability of temperature and nutrients along the equatorial wave guide. In order to assess the impact of these features on carbon species distributions during an ENSO event, sea surface temperature, salinity, sigma-t, nitrate, CO[sub 2] fugacity, total inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH along the equator were measured from 130[degrees]W to 100[degrees]W during 8-15 May 1992. Concurrent moored measurements of surface currents and temperature were also made at 0[degrees], 110[degrees]W. Results indicate that tropical instability waves, with periods of 15 to 20 days and zonal wavelengths of 700-800 km, controlled the observed spatial variability of the CO[sub 2] species, nitrate and hydrographic parameters at the equator. 37 refs., 3 figs.
Russell, His Paradoxes, and Cantor's Theorem: Part I

Sequel to Part I. In these articles, I describe Cantor’s power-class theorem, as well as a number of logical and philosophical paradoxes that stem from it, many of which were discovered or considered (implicitly or explicitly) in Bertrand Russell’s work. These include Russell’s paradox of the class of all classes not members of themselves, as well as others involving properties, propositions, descriptive senses, class-intensions and equivalence classes of coextensional properties. Part II addresses Russell’s own various attempts to solve these paradoxes, including strategies that he considered and rejected (limitation of size, the zigzag theory, etc.), as well as his own final views whereupon many purported entities that, if reified, lead to these contradictions, must not be genuine entities, but ‘logical fictions’ or ‘logical constructions’ instead. This article is a sequel to ‘Russell, His Paradoxes, and Cantor’s Theorem: Part I’, in which various Cantorian diagonal paradoxes either discovered or considered by Bertrand Russell were outlined. These include Russell’s famous class paradox involving the class of all classes not members of themselves, his predication paradox involving the property of non-self-instantiation, as well as similar paradoxes involving propositions, descriptive senses, class-intensions and equivalence classes of coextensive properties. Four different lines of solutions considered by Russell were also discussed: (i) the theory of limitation of size, (ii) the zigzag theory, (iii) logical types of things, and (iv) the ‘no classes (etc.)’ theory. (In what follows, it is assumed that the reader has read Part I.) In this sequel, we examine in further detail the impact of these paradoxes on Russell’s own philosophy, his consideration of possible solutions of all these kinds, and his reasons for, in the end, moving towards a rejection of robust metaphysical realism about many kinds of abstract objects in favor of viewing them as ‘logical fictions’, or mere facons de parler, so that such
Practice effects, test–retest stability, and dual baseline assessments with the California Verbal Learning Test in an HIV sample

Abstract Repeated neuropsychological assessments have been recently employed to investigate the natural course and effects of interventions in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Important considerations when interpreting serial assessments are the roles of practice effects and test–retest reliability on follow-up performance. Although several statistical and methodological controls have been proposed for minimizing practice effects, they have not been empirically tested in HIV samples. Three groups (HIV+/symptomatic, HIV+/asymptomatic, HIV− “at risk” controls) were administered the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) twice with a brief test–retest interval. Significant practice effects were observed on six of the CVLT measures. Test–retest stability coefficients were reported. A third and fourth administration of the CVLT was conducted to observe the impact of the dual baseline assessment approach on test performance. Trend analyses indicated that the dual baseline approach is a viable method for minimizing practice effects. The dual baseline approach also lead to improvement in a number of the stability coefficients. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Weathering rates of bedrock by lichens: a mini watershed study

The chemical weathering rate of rock substrates by saxicolous lichens was measured quantitatively and compared with the weathering rate of bare rock in the Cone Pond area at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, USA. The experiments used mini watersheds (<1 m2) on outcrops of mica–schist. A laboratory mini watershed experiment and a thin-section analysis were also conducted during the course of the study. Computed cumulative flux ratios of the weathering rate of lichen covered versus bare-rock mini watersheds for Mg2+ (16±7) and Si (4±0.3) were significant. The rate of denudation of the rock was calculated to be higher for the lichen mini watershed than the bare-rock mini watershed. A laboratory mini watershed experiment demonstrated the same trend of higher elemental fluxes for the lichen mini watershed than the bare-rock mini watershed for K+, Mg2+, Na+ and Si. The weathering rind beneath the lichen was measured to be between 0.2 and 0.5 mm thick. These results show the significance of biotic enhancement of chemical weathering. This research also calculated the rate of denudation of the rock by lichens and supported the mini watershed studies as a reliable method to study the chemical weathering by lichens, bryophytes and plants in thin soil and alpine areas.
A maternally inherited mutant of Zea mays L. lacks the cytochrome b/f complex

A maternally inherited yellowgreen mutant (myg-1) of maize is described that lacks the thylakoid cytochrome b/f complex. Affected individuals segregate in sectors on ears indicating that a cytoplasmic genetic component is affected. Because there is an effect on a thylakoid complex, and completely yellow-green mutant seedlings grow normally until endosperm reserves are exhausted, the lesion is probably in the plastome and not in the mitochondrial genome. Southern blot analyses show no major insertions or deletions in or surrounding plastome genes pet A and pet B, which encode subunits of the missing cytochrome complex. There is, however, a significant decrease in transcripts of these genes. The myg-1 mutation is the first non-Mendelian maize mutant which has been reported to affect a defined chloroplast complex.
Adolescent thinking ála Piaget: The formal stage

Two of the formal-stage experiments of Piaget and Inhelder, selected largely for their closeness to the concepts defining the stage, were replicated with groups of average and gifted adolescents. This report describes the relevant Piagetian concepts (formal stage, concrete stage) in context, gives the methods and findings of this study, and concludes with a section discussing implications and making some reformulations which generally support but significantly qualify some of the central themes of the Piaget-Inhelder work. Fully developed formal-stage thinking emerges as far from commonplace among normal or average adolescents (by marked contrast with the impression created by the Piaget-Inhelder text, which chooses to report no middle or older adolescents who function at less than fully formal levels). In this respect, the formal stage differs appreciably from the earlier Piagetian stages, and early adolescence emerges as the age for which a "single path" model of cognitive development becomes seriously inadequate and a more complex model becomes essential. Formal-stage thinking seems best conceptualized, like most other aspects of psychological maturity, as a potentiality only partially attained by most and fully attained only by some.
Growth Strategies and Counter-Economic Development: The Case of Pre-Revolutionary Iran

ABSTRACT Strategic choices made for the purpose of economic development may have unintended consequences. Such consequences are the result of interplay between noneconomic and economic factors. It is argued that growth strategies that ignore noneconomic factors may result in a counter-economic development. To illustrate such a possibility, a Counter-Economic Development Model is proposed. Using this model as a framework, social, cultural, political, and economic situations in pre-revolutionary Iran are analyzed, and implications for the process of economic development in developing countries are presented.
586 BREAST-FEEDING AND HOSPITALIZATIONS DURING INFANCY

Claims that breast-feeding provides protection against hospitalizations due to infections during infancy have been based on studies with methodologic flaws: few cases in cohort studies and controls poorly matched for SES, time of year, and pediatrician in case-control studies. To determine whether breast-feeding is indeed protective, we performed a case-control study with carefully matched controls. From a list of all children .1; odds ratio = 1.42). In the 45 patient pairs from private practices, breast-feeding was borderline protective (p > .05; odds ratio = 2.25). These results indicate that breast-feeding during infancy may not be protective against hospitalizations due to infections.
Connecting Entrance and Departure: The Transition to Ninth Grade and High School Dropout

Recent reports have demonstrated that the United States has a dropout crisis of alarming proportions. In some large-city school systems, more than 50% of students leave high school without a diplom...
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

Our knowledge about economic incentive approaches to pollution control has grown rapidly in the two decades in which they have received serious analytical attention. Not only have the theoretical models become more focused and the empirical work more detailed, but we have now had over a decade of experience with emissions trading in the U.S. and emission charges in Europe. As the world community becomes increasingly conscious of both the need to tighten environmental controls and the local economic perils associated with tighter controls in a highly competitive global marketplace, it seems a propitious time to stand back and to organize what we have learned about this practical and promising approach to pollution control that may be especially relevant to current circumstances. This paper draws upon economic theory, empirical studies, and actual experience with implementation to provide a brief overview of some of the major lessons we have learned about two economic incentive approaches--emissions tradi Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.