cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing eyewitness memory

This study identifies a memory-testing procedure that is relatively resistant to the documented effects of suggestibility on eyewitness memory. Most studies on suggestibility have used averbal recognition memory test in which the alternative test items are sentences, each to be verified as true or false regarding an originally viewedvisual sequence. In this study, participants were tested with either the verbal recognition memory test typical of studies demonstrating the eyewitness suggestibility effect or a visual recognition memory test. The typical eyewitness suggestibility effect resulted in the verbal test condition. However, with the visual recognition memory test, the hit rates did not significantly differ between the control and misled conditions. Thus, in testing memory for a visual event, a visual recognition memory test is more resistant to the influences of suggestibility than is a verbal test. These results suggest that the original item is preserved in memory, not overwritten by the misleading information. Accordingly, with a visual recognition memory test, the original information is more likely to be recovered with a visual recognition memory test than with a verbal one.
Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Crop as Affected by Shade Level: Microenvironment, Plant Growth, Leaf Gas Exchange, and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Concentration

Use of shading nets helps ameliorate heat stress of vegetable crops. This study evaluated the effects of shade level on microenvironment, plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and mineral nutrient content of field-grown bell pepper crop. Bell pepper cultivars Camelot, Lafayette, Sirius, and Stiletto were grown at 0%, 30%, 47%, 62%, and 80% shade levels. Photosynthetically active radiation and air, leaf, and root zone temperatures decreased as shade level increased. Despite having increased plant leaf area, there was increased soil water content with increased shade level, indicating reduced soil water use. With increased shade level, the total plant leaf area, individual leaf area, and individual leaf weight increased, whereas leaf number per plant and specific leaf weight decreased. In contrast to non-normalized chlorophyll index (CI) values, CI normalized by specific leaf weight were related to leaf nitrogen (N) and increased with increased shade level. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (gS) decreased and leaf transpiration increased with increased shade level, particularly above 47% shade level. Leaf concentrations of N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), and boron (B) increased with increased shade level. Relatively few differences in plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and leaf mineral nutrient concentrations were observed among cultivars. In conclusion, morphological changes such as taller plants and thinner and larger leaves likely enhanced light capture under shaded conditions compared with unshaded plants. High shade levels reduced leaf temperature and excessive leaf transpiration but resulted in reduced leaf photosynthesis. Thus, moderate shade levels (30% and 47%) were the most favorable for bell pepper plant growth and function.
How Do American Universities Cope with Faculty Hiring When Facing Fiscal Crisis:Part Time Faculty and Tenure System

When states reduce appropriations to high education,American universities take two methods to cope with the fiscal crisis:increasing revenue(including tuition,fee)and reducing spending on hiring faculty.By using Theory of Risk Society and quantitative methods,this paper explores how American universities deal with contradictions between fiscal difficulties and quality of universities.The research found that under the condition of ensuring basic quality,universities often employ part time rather than full time faculty.Relatively higher standards of tenure system and faculty annual review further ensure quality of teachers.The problems that American universities face are the global problem,which other parts of the world are encountering now or will encounter in the future in a risk society.The author expects that the experiences of American universities in this regard will provide one of the lessons for China's reform in human resource management in higher education.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Total Flavones from Plantagomajor L. with Response Surface Method

The conditions for ultrasonic-wave-assisted extraction of total flavones in Plantagamajor L.were optimized by applying the response surface method.Single factor testing was performed to select the appropriate factors and levels for extraction experiments,and then based on the experimental designing of Box-Behnken Central composite,the extraction conditions were optimized by applying the methamatical model of 3-factors and 3-levels,and the response surface analysis.The optimized extraction conditions found were as follow:① conc.of ethanol:(φ)70.67%;②extraction time:30.67min;③ratio of ethanol(mL)to sample(g)of 15∶1.Rate of extraction obtained under the optimum conditions attained to 50.65 mg·g-1,which is very close to the predicted value(50.74mg·g-1).
Some Relationships between Density-Independent Selection and Density-Dependent Population Growth

The theory of density-independent selection is that part of the modern theory of natural selection with the most distinguished heritage. Thus, any theoretical treatment which is in the classical tradition is identified today by what it is not; it is not a theory about density-dependent selection. The latter theory is quite young, the analytical development starting with Anderson (1971), Roughgarden (1971), and Charlesworth (1971). Thus, we have a “traditionalist-modernist” characterization, which in some disciplines could represent a valid comparison between competing ideas. However, the field of population biology is different. Here, many theories can be simultaneously “true.” To be specific, both density-dependent selection and density-independent selection could be true not only when considering different species, but even when one considers the genetic variance as this may be expressed over different loci within the same local population of one species, and the two modes of selection may vary in importance from one local population to another.
Electroclinical Manifestations of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The relationships between etiology, age at onset and electroclinical findings were examined in 77 children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) reported from University of Verona, Verona, and Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Simulations for tracking cosmogenic activation in germanium and copper

High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors housed in copper cryostats and shielding materials are used in measurements of the extraordinarily rare nuclear decay process, neutrinoless double-beta decay (0vββ), and for dark matter searches. Cosmogenic production of 68Ge and 60Co in the germanium and copper represent an irreducible background to these experiments as the subsequent decays of these isotopes can mimic the signals of interest. These radioactive isotopes can be removed by chemical and/or isotopic separation, but begin to grow-in to the material after separation until the material is moved deep underground. This work is motivated by the need to have a reliable, experimentally benchmarked simulation tool for evaluating shielding materials used during transportation and near-surface manufacturing of experiment components. The resulting simulations tool has been used to enhance the effectiveness of an existing transport shield used to ship enriched germanium from the separations facility to the detector manufacturing facility.
Sexual Fluidity in Male and Females

Sexual fluidity has been defined as a capacity for situation-dependent flexibility in sexual responsiveness, which allows individuals to experience changes in same-sex or other-sex desire across both short-term and long-term time periods. I review recent evidence for sexual fluidity and consider the extent of gender differences in sexual fluidity by examining the prevalence of three phenomena: nonexclusive (bisexual) patterns of attraction, longitudinal change in sexual attractions, and inconsistencies among sexual attraction, behavior, and identity. All three of these phenomena appear to be widespread across a large body of independent, representative studies conducted in numerous countries, supporting an emerging understanding of sexuality as fluid rather than rigid and categorical. These studies also provide evidence for gender differences in sexual fluidity, but the extent and cause of these gender differences remain unclear and are an important topic for future research.
Gender differences in career dissatisfaction among Pennsylvanian physicians

Objective: The physician workforce is quickly changing from one that was once male dominated to one that is more gender equal. The relationship between being female and physician career satisfaction is unclear despite a large body of research on the subject. I analyze the relationship between gender, career dissatisfaction, and plans to leave patient care. Female-male differences are calculated for various demographic, specialty, and practice setting subgroups of physicians; particular attention is paid to how various factors interact with gender. Methods: Data comes from the 2012 Pennsylvania Health Workforce Survey of Physicians. I use multivariate, logistic regression to estimate associations between a number of covariates, including gender, and two outcomes: (1) career dissatisfaction, and (2) plans to leave patient care. Results: Female physicians have 12% lower odds than males of reporting career dissatisfaction but no statistically significant difference in plans to leave patient care. Practicing in a hospital setting and in a rural county is associated with higher odds of dissatisfaction among male physicians but lower dissatisfaction among female physicians. Although female physicians own their practice at much lower rates, female owners have much lower odds of planning to leave patient care. Conclusions: Factors associated with career dissatisfaction and plans to leave patient care affect male and female physicians differently, across race, rural practice, specialty, and practice ownership. Policy and research related to physician retention and quality of care should consider the interaction between gender and these factors in the future.
Brain MRI findings in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia

Abstract Objective Proper diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia necessitates the exclusion of neurologic or medical causes of sleepiness that better explain the clinical syndrome. However, there are no formal guidelines regarding the use of neuroimaging to identify such secondary causes of symptoms. We sought to characterize brain MRI findings in a series of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. Methods We reviewed medical records on a consecutive series of 61 patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia to determine the frequency and results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results One-third of patients had undergone brain MRI, with focal neurologic signs or symptoms being the most common indication for neuroimaging. Although seven patients had an identifiable finding on neuroimaging (e.g., chronic microvascular ischemic changes), clinical management was changed as a result of imaging in only three cases. In all three, the imaging finding was predated by clear clinical abnormalities. Conclusions Neuroimaging may be a complementary part of an idiopathic hypersomnia evaluation, but the decision to pursue imaging should be made on a case-by-case basis.
Innate allorecognition by monocytic cells and its role in graft rejection

Innate recognition of microbial products and danger molecules by monocytes and macrophages has been well established; this is mediated primarily by pattern-recognition receptors and is central to the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells required for productive immunity. Whether monocytes and macrophages are equipped with an allorecognition system that allows them to respond directly to allogeneic grafts is a topic of much debate. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that these cells can recognize allogeneic entities and that they mediate graft rejection via direct cytotoxicity and priming of alloreactive T cells. In addition, these studies have uncovered a mechanism of innate allorecognition based on detection of the polymorphic molecule signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on donor cells. Further understanding of innate allorecognition and its consequences would provide essential insight into allograft rejection and lead to better therapies for transplant patients.
Antireflux Surgery for GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can present with a host of symptoms, the most common of which are heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. In general, surgery is reserved for patients with troublesome symptoms despite adequately dosed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or with complications of reflux such as recurrent or refractory esophagitis, stricture, Barrett’s metaplasia, and asthma.
Role of the Polyamine Spermidine as a Precursor for Hypusine Modification in eIF5A

Although polyamines exert various effects on nucleic acids and macromolecular synthesis as polycations, spermidine is covalently incorporated into a single protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), through a unique posttranslational modification. In this reaction, the aminobutyl moiety of spermidine is conjugated to a specific lysine residue of eIF5A to form an unusual amino acid, hypusine [N e-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-lysine]. It occurs by two enzymatic steps catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Hypusine synthesis occurs exclusively in eIF5A and is essential for eukaryotic cell proliferation. Although only a small percentage of the total spermidine in cells is used for hypusine formation, cells cannot survive/grow when hypusinated eIF5A falls below a critical level. Inactivation of the eIF5A gene or DHS gene is lethal in yeast and in mouse, further indicating the vital role of hypusinated eIF5A. eIF5A has been proposed to promote translation of a subset of cellular mRNAs. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that eIF5A facilitates translation at the elongation step, particularly at multiple strings of proline residues. A model of eIF5A docked in the ribosome reveals the hypusine directed toward the peptidyl transferase center. Thus, the hypusine modification defines a link between polyamines and cell growth, through promotion of translation.
Novel through hole absorber for suppression of power noise, crosstalk and EMI

In this paper, novel through hole/embedded absorbers based on absorbing materials are used to suppress the cavity resonant effects of power delivery networks (PDNs) in printed circuit boards (PCBs). The proposed technique can substantially reduce PDN impedances and EMI, and improves the signal and power integrity of interconnects for computer and electronic system designs. The embedded absorbers can be implemented by drilling through holes or/and arbitrarily shaped slots in the PCB or package, and then filling in the holes/slots with absorbing materials. As an example, full wave simulations are performed and results show that the proposed technique significantly reduces PDN impedances and radiated electric fields from PCB, though it is generic technique for mitigating other issues including crosstalk which are caused by PDN cavity resonant effects.
Abstract WP109: Subacute Intranasal Administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Increases Corticospinal Tract Plasticity and Functional Recovery After Stroke in Mice

In addition to thrombolysis, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is involved in synaptic plasticity, dendritic remodeling and axonal outgrowth in the developing and injured CNS. We have demonstrated that tPA administered intranasally during the subacute phase after stroke enhanced neurological recovery in rats. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic benefits of intranasal tPA treatment on corticospinal tract (CST) axonal remodeling in adult mice with transgenic yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) labeling specifically in the CST subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Animals were treated intranasally with 4 doses of human recombinant tPA (300 ug/dose) or saline (control) at day 7, 9, 11 and 13 after MCAo (n=10/group), respectively. An adhesive-removal test and a single-pellet reaching test were performed at 1, 3, and 7 days after MCAo, and weekly thereafter to monitor functional recovery. Animals were euthanized 4 weeks after stroke. There was no difference in lesion volume between control and tPA-treated groups (p>0.05). Compared with saline treated animals, significant functional improvements were evident in mice treated with tPA (p
Quantification of regional aerosol deposition patterns as a function of aerodynamic particle size in rhesus macaques using PET/CT imaging

Aerosol aerodynamic particle size is known to affect deposition patterns of inhaled aerosol particles, as well as the virulence of inhaled bioaerosol particles. While a significant amount of work h...
Harnessing insulin- and leptin-induced oxidation of PTP1B for therapeutic development

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a major regulator of glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, and a validated target for therapeutic intervention in diabetes and obesity. Nevertheless, it is a challenging target for inhibitor development. Previously, we generated a recombinant antibody (scFv45) that recognizes selectively the oxidized, inactive conformation of PTP1B. Here, we provide a molecular basis for its interaction with reversibly oxidized PTP1B. Furthermore, we have identified a small molecule inhibitor that mimics the effects of scFv45. Our data provide proof-of-concept that stabilization of PTP1B in an inactive, oxidized conformation by small molecules can promote insulin and leptin signaling. This work illustrates a novel paradigm for inhibiting the signaling function of PTP1B that may be exploited for therapeutic intervention in diabetes and obesity.
Formulation and validation of a computational model for a dilute biomass slurry undergoing rotational mixing

Abstract In this paper we develop a computational model for the mixing and transport of a dilute biomass slurry. The objective was to create a sufficiently simple and efficient model for biomass transport that can be coupled with reaction models for the study of conversion of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. Our target system is 5%-by-mass α -cellulose, which is our proxy for more complex lignocellulosic biomass. In the authors’ previous work, an experimental investigation with α -cellulose under two vane-mixer configurations showed a bifurcation between a settling regime, for which settling effects dominate, and a suspended regime, for which solids are mostly suspended. Here, a mixed-fluid model was chosen, for which the model for the mixture-velocity field is the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy. Solids transport includes solids motion due to diffusion, settling, advection, and shear. Comparison of simulated and experimental results show good agreement in the suspended regime, and in capturing the bifurcation rate. While the model captured well the distribution of solids in the settling regime, the model was incapable of capturing the high torque values seen in experiments with vanishing mixer rotation rate.
Tuberculosis and the art of macrophage manipulation

Macrophages are first-line responders against microbes. The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rests upon its ability to convert these antimicrobial cells into a permissive cellular niche. This is a remarkable accomplishment, as the antimicrobial arsenal of macrophages is extensive. Normally bacteria are delivered to an acidic, degradative lysosome through one of several trafficking pathways, including LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and autophagy. Once phagocytozed, the bacilli are subjected to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and they induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which serve to augment host responses. However, Mtb hijacks these host defense mechanisms, manipulating host cellular trafficking, innate immune responses, and cell death pathways to its benefit. The complex series of measures and countermeasures between host and pathogen ultimately determines the outcome of infection. In this review, we focus on the diverse effectors that Mtb uses in its multipronged effort to subvert the innate immune responses of macrophages. We highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular interface of the Mtb-macrophage interaction.
Politics and the Death Penalty: 1930–2010

Recent theorists have argued that the use of the death penalty has been shaped by political considerations throughout history. However, empirical research has primarily examined this relationship in the last third of the twentieth century. In order to expand the temporal scope used to examine capital punishment practices, this study examines whether four post-Furman perspectives are able to account for the use of death sentences at the state level from 1930 to 2010. This study also examines whether the movement from the pre- to the post-Furman time period moderated the relationship between political factors and use of death sentences. The findings indicate that the size of religious fundamentalist populations, jurisdictional welfare expenditures, and surpluses in the labor force are significant predictors of death sentences across both eras. These results suggest that the predictive power of recent political theories is not restrained to the jurisdictional use of death sentences in the last third of the twentieth century.
Safety of endovascular thrombectomy for M2 compared to M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion. (P4.207)

Objective: To investigate safety and benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for M2 occlusive acute ischemic strokes. Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is considered standard-of-care for patients with M1 occlusion. Safety and benefit of M2 occlusion has not been established. Design/Methods: We conducted retrospective data analysis of EVT in M1 and M2 occlusive ischemic stroke. Clinical features, outcomes, last known well (LKW) to recanalization, recanalization rate and hemorrhagic complication were reviewed. Results: Between 11/2015 and 09/2017, 113 patients underwent EVT for acute M1 (N=93, 82.3%) or M2 occlusion (N=20, 17.6%). Of those with M1, 51.6% were left sided; of M2, 70% were left sided. NIHSS on admission were similar between cohorts. Initial NIHSS 19.0 in M1 cohort vs 19.9 in M2. Favorable/full recanalization was achieved in 88.2 % (N=82) of M1 cohort, compared to 75% (N=15) of M2. LKW skewed longer in M1 cohort compared to M2 cohort (228.0 min vs 197.5 min p = 0.09); M1 had longer times for LKN to recanalization (313.0 min vs 264.0 min, p = 0.03). Discharge NIHSS for M1 cohort was lower than that for M2 (8.9 vs. 12.3, p =0.11), and M1 cohort was more likely to achieve good functional outcome (modified Rankin 0–2) at 90 days than M2 (50.5% vs. 40%, p=0.07). Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 45.2% of M1 and 35.0 % of M2 ( p = 0.41). M1 cohort was more likely to be discharged home (23.6% vs 20 % in M2) or to acute rehabilitation (55.9 % vs 45.0% in M2). Conclusions: Endovascular treatment is an established treatment for M1 occlusion that may be safe in M2 occlusion; our study showed M1 and M2 cohorts had similar rates of hemorrhagic complications. More research is necessary to determine characteristics of M2 occlusions that are amenable to intervention and will lead to improved clinical outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Moussaoui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Costa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cherian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conners has nothing to disclose. Dr. Osteraas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Song has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vargas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dafer has nothing to disclose.
Hardin’s oversimplification of population growth

Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons put forward underdeveloped arguments that continue to be reflected in simplistic debates about the drivers and implications of demographic dynamics. It’s time to embrace the complexity that Hardin lacked in order to develop better-informed policy.
Essential newborn care practice at four primary health facilities in conflict affected areas of Bossaso, Somalia: a cross-sectional study.

Newborn mortality is increasingly concentrated in contexts of conflict and political instability. However, there are limited guidelines and data on the availability and quality of newborn care in conflict settings. In 2016, an interagency collaboration developed the Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings Field Guide- Interim version (Field Guide). In this study, we sought to understand the baseline availability and quality of essential newborn care in Bossaso, Somalia as part of an investigation to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the Field Guide in improving newborn care in humanitarian settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted at four purposely selected health facilities serving internally displaced persons affected by conflict in Bossaso. Essential newborn care practice and patient experience with childbirth care received at the facilities were assessed via observation of clinical practice during childbirth and the immediate postnatal period, and through postnatal interviews of mothers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed to summarize and examine variation by health facility. Of the 332 pregnant women approached, 253 (76.2%) consented and were enrolled. 97.2% (95% CI: 94.4, 98.9) had livebirths and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.1, 5.6) had stillbirths. The early newborn mortality was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.3, 4.8). Nearly all [95.7%, (95% CI: 92.4, 97.8)] births were attended by skilled health worker. Similarly, 98.0% (95% CI: 95.3, 99.3) of newborns received immediate drying, and 99.2% (95% CI: 97.1, 99.9) had delayed bathing. Few [8.6%, (95% CI: 5.4, 12.9)] received immediate skin-to-skin contact and the practice varied significantly by facility (p < 0.001). One-third of newborns [30.1%, (95% CI: 24.4, 36.2)] received early initiation of breastfeeding and there was significant variation by facility (p < 0.001). While almost all [99.2%, (95% CI: 97.2, 100)] service providers wore gloves while attending births, handwashing was not as common [20.2%, (95% CI: 15.4, 25.6)] and varied by facility (p < 0.001). Nearly all [92%, (95% CI: 86.9, 95.5)] mothers were either very happy or happy with the childbirth care received at the facility. Essential newborn care interventions were not universally available. Quality of care varied by health facility and type of intervention. Training and supervision using the Field Guide could improve newborn outcomes.
X-Ray imaging of ultrafast magnetic reconnection driven by relativistic electrons.

Evidence of magnetic reconnection (MR) events driven by relativistic electrons is observed between two high-intensity laser/plasma interaction sites. The two laser foci were on average 20um FWHM containing 50TW of power each, delivered with a split f/3 paraboloid onto copper foil targets at a focused intensity of 10(19) W/cm(2) with the HERCULES laser system. Cu K-alpha emissions from the interactions were imaged with a spherically bent Quartz crystal, and by motorizing one half of the paraboloid vertically the focal separation was varied between 0-400um. Splitting the beam halves revealed an enhanced region between the foci with the highest a maximized K-alpha signal intensity at one inter-beam separation, evidencing inflow from relativistic electron driven MR. A filtered LANEX screen was imaged to search for outflow/jet electrons along the plane of the target surface and normal to the axis defined by the two spots, to calculate the electron temperature and to search for spatial profile nonuniformities potentially directly originating from reconnection events. Ongoing 2D and 3D PIC simulations are being conducted to better understand and model the measured electron outflow dynamics.
Early Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for Isolated High-Grade Blunt Splenic Injury.

Abstract Background Nonoperative management (NOM) has become more common in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade blunt splenic injury. However, there are no widely accepted guidelines for an optimal and safe timeframe for the initiation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the timing of VTE prophylaxis initiation and NOM failure rate in isolated high-grade blunt splenic injury. Methods We utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2013-2014) to identify adult patients who underwent NOM for isolated high-grade blunt splenic injuries (grades 3-5). The incidence of NOM failure after the initiation of VTE prophylaxis was compared between two groups: VTE prophylaxis Results A total of 816 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of those, VTE prophylaxis was not administered in 525 patients (64.3%), whereas VTE prophylaxis was given Conclusions The results of our study suggest that early initiation of VTE prophylaxis (
Bilateral popliteal artery injury: Lessons learned

Abstract Popliteal artery trauma is reported to have the highest rates of limb loss in peripheral vascular injuries. It can be inferred that morbidity associated with bilateral popliteal artery trauma is worse. However, bilateral popliteal artery injuries are sparsely reported in literature and as such management options are not well defined. Despite the paucity of reported cases, a systematic and deliberate approach to these devastating injuries may result in reproducible limb salvage. We hereby use our case report as a provocateur to this conundrum. Consideration should be given to the utilization of surgical shunts or a two-surgical team and limb salvage attempted till proving the neurovascular bundle irreparable. Arterial grafts should be part of the surgeon's armamentarium. In massive hard to control hemorrhage, tourniquets or resuscitative endovascular occlusion devices (REBOA) may prove lifesaving. Larger studies are needed to define contemporary management and derive management guidelines.
Signal Transducer and Activator Of Transcription 3 Activates and Deregulates Micro RNA Expression In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

MicroRNA (miR) deregulation is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, little is known about the mechanisms of miR gene transcription. In CLL, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively phosphorylated on serine 727 residues, and phosphoserine STAT3 activates protein-coding genes known to be induced by phosphotyrosine STAT3. Therefore, we sought to determine whether phosphoserine STAT3 also activates miR genes. Because an analysis of publically available data, revealed that STAT3 binds to the promoter of nearly 25% of all human miR genes, we transfected unstimulated CLL cells with STAT3 small hairpin (sh)-RNA. Using an RNA microarray, we found that STAT3-shRNA downregulated the levels of 63 miR genes and upregulated the levels of 9 miR genes. Using qRT-PCR, we confirmed the microarray results in 5 of the 6 differentially expressed miR genes. Together, these data suggested that STAT3 affects miR gene levels. An analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) data revealed STAT3-miR promoter binding sites in only 60% of the STAT3-regulated miR genes. This suggested to us that mechanisms unrelated to miR promoter binding are involved in the STAT3-mediated regulation of miR expression. Indeed, computer simulation of complementary binding of STAT3-targeted microRNA genes to STAT3 mRNA provided indirect evidence that STAT3 mRNA acts as a “sponge”, soaking up miRs and altering their level and function. Several miRs that are downregulated by STAT3-shRNA, including miR-15, miR-16, miR-21, and miR-155, play crucial roles in CLL pathobiology. In particular, miR-155 is involved in tumorigenesis, and its overexpression induces lymphoma in mice; also, CLL has a high expression level of miR-155. Therefore, we sought to confirm that STAT3 directly regulates the transcription of miR-155 in CLL cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis revealed that STAT3 bound to the miR-155 promoter in CLL cells, and ChIP analysis revealed that STAT3 bound the 700–709 bp but not the 615–624 bp in the miR-155 promoter. We then co-transfected MM1 cells with truncated miR-155 promoter constructs plus STAT3 small interfering (si)-RNA and found that the STAT3-siRNA reduced the luciferase activity of the construct harboring the 700–709 bp miR-155 promoter region. Taken together, our data suggest that STAT3 directly and indirectly deregulates miR gene levels in CLL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Does Location Matter? A Single-State Case Study Examining Geographic Differences in School-Based ASD Identification Practices

Special education service delivery may vary, in part, by geographic location of the school districts. This variation may be especially important to understand for students who require comprehensive...
Effects of Anonymity on Comment Persuasiveness in Wikipedia Articles for Deletion Discussions

It has been shown that anonymity affects various aspects of online communications such as message credibility, the trust among communicators, and the participants’ accountability and reputation. Anonymity influences social interactions in online communities in these many ways, which can lead to influences on opinion change and the persuasiveness of a message. Prior studies also suggest that the effect of anonymity can vary in different online communication contexts and online communities. In this study, we focus on Wikipedia Articles for Deletion (AfD) discussions as an example of online collaborative communities to study the relationship between anonymity and persuasiveness in this context. We find that in Wikipedia AfD discussions, more identifiable users tend to be more persuasive. The higher persuasiveness can be related to multiple aspects, including linguistic features of the comments, the user’s motivation to participate, persuasive skills the user learns over time, and the user’s identity and credibility established in the community through participation.
Accurate depiction of uncertainty in ancient DNA research: The case of Neandertal ancestry in Africa:

All approaches to understanding the past must work with limited data. Like many other kinds of evidence of past peoples, the relation between ancient DNA and past events is intermediated by complex...
Abstract 17052: Cardiothoracic Surgeons With a PhD Degree Exhibit Greater Research Productivity

Introduction: A PhD degree can offer significant research experience for academic surgeons. Here, we evaluated the impact of a PhD on research productivity and career advancement in cardiothoracic ...
Finite Sample Analysis of Two-Time-Scale Natural Actor-Critic Algorithm.

Actor-critic style two-time-scale algorithms are very popular in reinforcement learning, and have seen great empirical success. However, their performance is not completely understood theoretically. In this paper, we characterize the global convergence of an online natural actor-critic algorithm in the tabular setting using a single trajectory. Our analysis applies to very general settings, as we only assume that the underlying Markov chain is ergodic under all policies (the so-called Recurrence assumption). We employ $\epsilon$-greedy sampling in order to ensure enough exploration. For a fixed exploration parameter $\epsilon$, we show that the natural actor critic algorithm is $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\epsilon T^{1/4}}+\epsilon)$ close to the global optimum after $T$ iterations of the algorithm. By carefully diminishing the exploration parameter $\epsilon$ as the iterations proceed, we also show convergence to the global optimum at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/T^{1/6})$.
The synchrotron peak shift during high-energy flares of blazars

A prediction for the energy shift of the synchrotron spectrum of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) during high-energy flares is presented. If the $\gamma$-ray emission of FSRQs is produced by Comptonization of external radiation, then the peak of the synchrotron spectrum is predicted to move to lower energies in the flare state. This is opposite to the well-known broadband spectral behavior of high-frequency peaked BL-Lac objects where the external radiation field is believed to be weak and synchrotron-self Compton scattering might be the dominant $\gamma$-ray radiation mechanism. The synchrotron peak shift, if observed in FSRQs, can thus be used as a diagnostic to determine the dominant radiation mechanism in these objects. I suggest a few FSRQs as promising candidates to test the prediction of the external-Comptonization model.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in preterm newborns.

Food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)was notrecognized as a specific disorder until the 1970s(1). While the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Guidelines addressed FPIES in 2014(2),it was only in 2017 that the first international consensus guidelines foritsdiagnosis and treatment werepublished (3). Acute FPIES usually presents with repetitive vomiting, diarrhea associated with pallor, lethargy, dehydration, hypotension and even shock in most severe cases.
Governance Indices and Valuation Multiples: Which Causes Which?

Two recent papers document a significant relation between valuation multiples and governance indices during the 1990s. We test whether causation runs from governance to valuation or vice versa. We find that valuation multiples during the early 1980s, a period preceding the adoption of the provisions comprising the governance indices, are highly correlated with valuation multiples during the 1990s. After controlling for valuation multiples during 1980–1985, no significant relation exists between contemporaneous valuation multiples and governance indices during the 1990s. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that firms with low valuation multiples were more likely to adopt provisions comprising the governance indices, not that the adoption of these provisions depresses valuation multiples.
Towards knowledge intensive data privacy

Privacy preserving data mining tools only use in a limited way information and knowledge other than the data base being protected. In this paper we plead on the need of knowledge intensive tools in data privacy. More especifically, we discuss the role of knowledge related tools in data protection and in disclosure risk assessment.
Comparison of giant multipole resonances of multipolarity E1 to E4 in (58)Ni (T(0) = 1) and (60)Ni (T(0) = 2) with inelastic electron scattering

The cross section for electron scattering from the isotopes $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$ has been measured with electrons of 102 MeV at scattering angles of 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} between 3 and 50 MeV excitation energy. Resonances or resonancelike structures at approximate excitation energies of (7-8) MeV, 13 MeV, (16-17) MeV, (18-19) MeV, 27 MeV, 32 MeV, and 40 MeV were classified on the basis of their momentum transfer dependence and discussed in the framework of the shell model. Difficulties in the extraction of the cross section and model dependencies of the interpretation are discussed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, ${E}_{0}=102$ MeV. Measured $\frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}d{E}_{x}}$, bound and continuum states (giant resonances). Deduced multipolarity, reduced matrix element $B(E\ensuremath{\lambda})$, sum rule exhaustion of giant resonances, total width of continuum and clustered states.
A multi-channel tunable laser spectrometer for in situ measurement of planetary atmospheres

A newly developed tunable laser spectrometer (TLS) capable of simultaneously measuring many of the key photochemical species in planetary atmospheres is presented. The instrument consists of a low-power (<10 mW) and low mass (<50 mg) vertical cavity emitting laser source and photodetector, a multi-pass optical cell to provide a long absorption path in a compact design, and laser driving and digital signal processing electronics. The sensor takes advantage of two key technological developments: 1) a patented multiple-pass optical cell design that uses small mirrors and dense spot patterns to give a long optical path with a small footprint; and 2) a low power and compact electronics system. Designs for Mars and Venus are mature, allowing for deployment on probe or balloon missions to either planet, and deployment on landed spacecraft at Mars. The instrument is immune to the corrosive sulfuric acid environment of Venus and is capable of operating at temperatures of up to at least 370 K; the instrument is ideal for an atmospheric balloon investigation at altitudes of 50 km or higher. The large diurnal temperature range of Mars is not a challenge, and the optical design is robust against dust contamination. The major advantage of this system over previously developed TLS instruments is the multichannel gas measuring capability, an increase in path length and sensitivity without an increase in mirror size, a dramatic decrease in mass and power, and the robust nature of the design in a hostile environment. Most of the instrument components and electronics are at TRL-6 with the combined system at TRL-5. The instrument is currently in field tests and will undergo environmental Mars testing for qualification to TRL-6 by then end of 2014. Current best estimates of total instrument mass and power are 750 mW and 1 kg, respectively.
Comparative analysis of the expression and oncogenic activities of Xenopus c-, N-, and L-myc homologs.

Abstract A polymerase chain reaction-based cloning strategy allowed for the isolation of two distinct Xenopus L-myc genes, as well as previously isolated xc- and xN-myc genes, thus demonstrating that these three well-defined members of the mammalian myc gene family are present in lower vertebrates as well. Comparison of the Xenopus and mammalian Myc families revealed a high degree of structural relatedness at the gene and protein levels; this homology was consistent with the ability of the xc-myc1 and xN-myc1 genes to function as oncogenes in primary mammalian cells. In contrast, the xL-myc1 gene was found to be incapable of transforming rat embryo fibroblast cells, and this inactivity may relate to localized but significant differences in its putative transactivation domain. Analysis of xc-, xN-, and xL-myc gene expression demonstrated that (i) all three genes were highly expressed during oogenesis and their transcripts accumulated as abundant maternal mRNAs, (ii) each gene exhibited a distinctive pattern of expression during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and (iii) the xL-myc1 and xL-myc2 genes were coordinately expressed in the maternal and zygotic genomes. The markedly high expression of the Xenopus myc gene family in differentiated tissues, such as the central nervous system and kidney, contrasts sharply with the low levels observed in mammalian adult tissues. These differences may reflect unique functions of the Myc family proteins in processes specific to amphibians, such as tissue regeneration.
Hexagonal photonic crystal waveguide based on barium titanate thin films

ABSTRACT The simulation, fabrication and measurement of nonlinear photonic crystals (PhCs) with hexagonal symmetry in epitaxial BaTiO 3 were investigated. The optical transmission properties of a PhC were simulated by a 2-D finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. A complete bandgap exists for both the TE and TM optical modes. The fabricated PhC has a well-defined stop band over the spectral region of 1525 to 1575 nm. A microcavity structure was also fabricated by incorporation of a line defect in the PhC. Transmission of the microcavity structure over the spectral region from 1456 to 1584nm shows a well-defined 5 nm wide window at 1495nm. Simulations indicate that the phase velocity matched PhC microcavity device of 0.5 mm long can potentially serve as modulator with a 3 dB bandwidth of 4 THz. Keywords : Hexagonal PhC; Bandgap; EO modulator. 1. INTRODUCTION Photonic crystal (PhC) devices, such as tunable filters, 1 optical switches, 2 optical delay lines 3 as well as low V  electro-optic modulators (EOM)
Manufacture, Structure And Performance Of W/B4C Multilayer X-Ray Mirrors

Manufacture, Structure and Performance of W /B4C Multilayer X -Ray MirrorsA. F. Jankowski and D. M. MakowieckiLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550ABSTRACTOne of the most important considerations in the design and manufacture of multilayermirrors is material compatibility. Ideally, the materials selected should not chemicallyreact or interdiffuse thereby avoiding the formation of second phases, enhancing the smooth-ness of the deposited layer interface and hence enhancing the reflectivity of the optic.It is also possible to increase the reflectivity by decreasing the thickness of the moreabsorbing layers and increasing the thickness of the less absorbing layers, for any givenperiodicity. The optimum thickness of each layer, however, is rigorously related to thespecific materials as well as the x -ray wavelength being used. The transparency of thespacing (low absorption) layers can thus be augmented by materials of low absorption thatare thermodynamically stable and which deposit in a smooth continuous fashion. Whereas theuse of boron as opposed to carbon as a spacing material provides lower absorption, it istypically inferior in providing as low an interfacial roughness in multilayer form. Forexample,' in rhenium -tungsten /carbon multilayers, produced by evaporation, a typical rough-ness of <0.3 nm is obtained versus 0.7 nm for rhenium -tungsten /boron multilayers. Ourinitial findings with B4C layers indicate deposits which show layer smoothness exceedingthose containing carbon with the advantage of greater stability, lower absorption andtherefore greater reflectivity. The manufacture, microstructure and reflectivity ofW /B4C multilayers will be the focus of this presentation.
Pulsed UV laser induced desorption of ions from aluminum

Abstract A study of pulsed UV laser induced desorption (LID) has been performed on an Al(111) sample. The positive ion desorption was investigated at low laser fluence, in a regime in which the ion yield exhibits a highly non-linear dependence on the laser fluence. The peak of the kinetic energy distribution of the desorbed ions has been measured to be about 15 eV. This result is consistent with the conjecture that the ion departing the metal surface can acquire a kinetic energy kick from a process associated with plasmon annihilation. The Al + ion kinetic energy peak is asymmetric and about 3 eV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). This experiment indicates that plasmon excitation can play a significant role in laser stimulated desorption induced by electronic transitions (DIET).
Milk-clotting enzyme from Solanum dobium plant

Abstract Extracts from different fruit parts of the plant Solanum dobium were tested for their milk-clotting activity. Extracts from the seeds had the greatest activity followed by extracts from the whole berries, the ground whole berries and the berries' coats. Maximum milk-clotting activity was obtained after 7 days of soaking the whole berries, the ground whole berries and the berries' coats in either distilled water or 5% NaCl solution. The 5% NaCl solution extracted more of the compound associated with clotting. Milk-clotting activity was lost after wet-heating S. dobium extracts at 80 °C for 10 min and after dry-heating S. dobium fruits at 100 °C for 24 h. There was a linear relationship between the inverse of the enzyme extract concentration and the milkclotting activity for all fruit parts.