cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of A Class of Relay Feedback Systems Arising in Controlled Mechanical Systems with Ideal Coulomb Friction

Abstract Coulomb friction is inevitable in every mechanical system with contact motion. When the mechanical system with Coulomb friction is under feedback control, it can destabilize the system by generating limit cycles. Controlled mechanical systems with ideal Coulomb friction can be viewed as a particular class of relay feedback systems characterized by the zero DC gain property and the positivity of the first Markov parameter. This paper elaborates recent results on sufficient conditions to guarantee the global pointwise stability of such systems. The scope of analysis has been kept broad so that the results apply to systems with multiple inertia elements and multiple Coulomb friction sources. To employ the recent advances in the absolute stability theory, the limiting arguments are adopted to approximate the relay elements to continuous functions. As a result, a new sufficient condition on the global pointwise stability of the systems with multiple Coulomb friction sources is derived by extending the existing result with a single Coulomb friction source when the stiction level is larger than the Coulomb friction level. Also, it has been shown that the describing function criterion is indeed an exact condition when the order of the closed-loop system is 3. Simulation results are presented with a flexible joint mechanism to illustrate the main points.
Outer-planet scattering can gently tilt an inner planetary system

Chaotic dynamics are expected during and after planet formation, and a leading mechanism to explain large eccentricities of gas giant exoplanets is planet-planet gravitational scattering. The same scattering has been invoked to explain misalignments of planetary orbital planes with respect to their host star's spin. However, an observational puzzle is presented by Kepler-56, which has two inner planets (b and c) that are nearly coplanar with each other, yet are more than 45 degrees inclined to their star's equator. Thus the spin-orbit misalignment might be primordial. Instead, we further develop the hypothesis in the discovery paper, that planets on wider orbits generated misalignment through scattering, and as a result gently torqued the inner planets away from the equator plane of the star. We integrated the equations of motion for Kepler-56 b and c along with an unstable outer system initialized with either two or three Jupiter-mass planets. We address here whether the violent scattering that generates large mutual inclinations can leave the inner system intact, tilting it gently. In almost all of the cases initially with two outer planets, either the inner planets remain nearly coplanar with each other in the star's equator plane, or they are scattered violently to high mutual inclination and high spin-orbit misalignment. On the contrary, of the systems with three unstable outer planets, a spin-orbit misalignment large enough to explain the observations is generated 28% of the time for coplanar inner planets, which is consistent with the observed frequency of this phenomenon reported so far. We conclude that multiple-planet scattering in the outer parts of the system may account for this new population of coplanar planets hosted by oblique stars.
Every Librarian a Leader: Accreditation: Opportunities for library leadership

Le systeme de l'accreditation dans l'enseignement superieur est important au Etats Unis pour la formation personnelle et l'evaluation. Ceci est guide par un certain nombre de criteres definis par les pairs de l'universite. Ces criteres regroupent la mission, l'integrite, les buts d'enseignement, et l'efficacite dans l'enseignement. Il est donc interessant que les bibliothecaires participent a ces accreditations car ils ont la competence d'intervenir dans l'ensignement, de collaborer avec des classes de facutle. L'action des bibliothecaires dans ce domaine est donc etudie, puis l'inmportance du bibliothecaire est soulignee, et enfin vingt raisons sont donnees pour que les bibliothecaires participent a ces accreditations
Analyses of Pokemon Protein Expression in Lymphoma Reveals Elevated Expression in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Compared to Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background: POKEMON (for POK, Erythroid, Myeloid ONtogenic factor) has recently been shown to be a novel proto-oncogene, playing a key role in cellular transformation and repression of ARF . Pokemon overexpression leads to overt oncogenic transformation both in vitro and in vivo in transgenic mice. Because these transgenic mice developed T-cell lymphoma we sought to expand our original screening analyses. We intially showed POKEMON expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) and co-expression of BCL6 and POKMEON showed higher proliferation and predicted for better overall survival in DLBCL ( Nature 433, 278–285). Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL) is another tumor that expresses BCL6 and shows localization to L&H tumor cells. We therefore sought to compare POKEMON protein expression in NLPHL and Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) cases. Design: Stains for POKEMON were performed with the anti-POKEMON hamster monoclonal antibody (clone 13E9). Sections of reactive human tonsil were stained as controls showing localization to squamous epithelium and reactive germinal centers as well as paracortical regions. For NLPHL, the cohort comprised of 19 males, 2 females; for cHL 16 males, 14 females. 20 NLPHL and 30 cHL tissue biopsies were stained using whole sections. Intensity and percent positivity of malignant L&H cells and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells as well as surrounding reactive lymphocytes was scored. Expression in T-cell lymphomas was expanded to include a total of 84 cases analyzed by tissue microarray (TMA) that included: 8 ALCL (Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma), 11 AILT (Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma), 17 T-ALL (T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma), 43 PTCL (Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma), 3 T/NK (Nasal type T/NK cell Lymphoma), and 2 PTCL, NOS (Not Otherwise Subclassified). Tumor cells in T-cell lymphomas and HL were scored and defined as 0 (negative), 1 (scattered 50%, strong positive) with a nuclear localization pattern. Results: For NLPHL, 18/20 (90%) cases showed diffuse strong positivity in >50% of malignant L&H tumor cells whereas in cHL cases, 6/30 (20%) cases showed diffuse strong positivity in >50% of malignant RS tumor cells for POKEMON protein expression. In T-cell lymphomas, POKEMON expression was strongest in ALCL (6/8, 75%) and AILD (7/11, 74%) compared to the other subtypes. In contrast, BCL6 protein expression was positive in 12/20 (60%) cases which showed weak, scattered to diffuse strong positivity in L&H tumor cells and 1/30 (3%) with scattered weak reactivity in cHL malignant RS cells Conclusion: POKEMON is co-expressed with BCL6 in malignant L&H tumor cells in NLPHL but not in cHL. Pokemon’s critical role in cellular transformation makes it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in NLPHL.
Global multimedia collaboration system: Research Articles

In order to build an integrated collaboration system over heterogeneous collaboration technologies, we propose a global multimedia collaboration system (Global-MMCS) based on XGSP A/V Web-Services framework. This system can integrate multiple A/V services, and support various collaboration clients and communities. Now the prototype is being developed and deployed across many universities in U.S.A. and China. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vacuum Drying of Wood—State of the Art

In this paper, we review the literature published on vacuum drying of wood. Vacuum drying is not a new technology, and its use for drying wood has been suggested since the early 1900s. Technologies for vacuum drying of wood can be classified by the heating method used. In this paper, we define vacuum-drying methods in four groups: conductive heating vacuum, cyclic vacuum, superheated steam vacuum, and dielectric vacuum. Advantages of drying wood below atmospheric pressure are the ability to dry at lower temperatures (and thus lower the probability of developing some drying defects), greatly reduced drying times, color preservation, greater energy efficiency, better control of volatile organic compound emissions, and the ability to dry very large cross sections. Some characteristics that differentiate vacuum from conventional drying are that in vacuum the primary driving force is the total pressure difference, the prevailing moisture transfer mechanism is water vapor bulk flow, and there is greater water migration in the longitudinal direction. While past research has focused on increasing the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms for vacuum drying and applications to specific industries and species, more recent efforts have concentrated on improving existing methods, for example, by improving moisture control and the use of pretreatments to improve drying quality.
On capturing spatio-temporal factors in cognitive network channel selection

In this paper, we present an application of probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian Networks (BNs) for capturing the spatio-temporal factors in cognitive networks. We propose to use a BN that makes use of historical network information to learn the network behavior across spatio-temporal-spectral dimensions and predicts best configuration for each Access Point (AP) in a Wireless LAN (WLAN) system. We further present the application of BNs for traffic prediction as well as channel selection in a cognitive WLAN scenario. Our results prove that the space and time are critical factors that can impact the performance of the network configuration. We noticed improvement in traffic prediction accuracy and channel selection accuracy, respectively, of 35% and 40%, when using space and time information.
Where the Lab Tests Are Performed: Analytical Issues in the Clinical Laboratory

Congratulations! You have found where the lab tests are actually performed, now what kind of laboratory is it? There are several major types of clinical laboratories each with many similarities and differences: hospital laboratories, referral laboratories, true reference laboratories, outpatient clinic laboratories, and physician office laboratories. This chapter focuses on a typical medium-sized, tertiary care hospital laboratory. The first section of this chapter will describe how laboratories are physically organized, the types of equipment you are likely to see, and the people you may see running the analyzers and performing other functions within the laboratory. The second section will give a brief overview of automation and the analytical techniques used in the testing of biological specimens. The final section of this chapter will explain the analytical work that is “behind the scenes,” that is, the quality assurance work that may not generate results on patient samples but is necessary to establish and maintain the quality of the analytical results.
Is the Market Grossed out by Gross-Ups? An Investigation of Firms that Pay Their CEOs' Taxes

This study provides evidence on whether investors value tax gross-up provisions for executives, and how the elimination of these provisions changes executive compensation. We examine the market response to tax gross-up eliminations and find investors react favorably to the removal of these provisions, suggesting that on average, investors perceived these agreements as a bad compensation practice that destroyed firm value. Next, we examine whether firms respond to these eliminations by increasing other forms of executive compensation. We find firms eliminating tax gross-up provisions increase bonus but not salary. Broadly, we provide evidence that some features of compensation contracts are not valued by shareholders, and that the elimination of these features can lead to increased firm value.
Energy and Environmental Security

Energy and environmental security are some of the most important issues on the US national security agenda. Some scholars have argued that security starts with the environment. The chapter begins focusing on some of the recent trends in energy consumption, particularly oil and natural gas. The chapter explores hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which is a hotly debated method for extracting natural gas. This section also examines the Obama administration’s energy security policy. Next, the chapter focuses on major trends in pollution, which has impacted climate change. This work highlights the Obama administrations responses to climate change, focusing on the major initiatives designed to combat global warming. The chapter then analyzes the arguments of the major critics of climate change, focusing on some of the leading voices in the Republican Party.
Interventional Approaches to Postherpetic Neuralgia

The role of interventional techniques including nerve blocks and neuromodulation in the management of pain due to acute herpes zoster (HZ) eruption and the prevention or control of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) continues to be evolving. There has been very little done in the way of methodologically sound studies to clarify the role or value of interventional therapies, although many pain management physicians continue to prescribe nerve block therapies, spinal cord stimulation, and intrathecal therapy as preventative or therapeutic adjuncts.
In Situ Synthesis of Phospholipid Membranes.

Cells produce lipid membranes de novo through a complex sequence of enzymatic reactions that are difficult to reconstitute in a minimal system. We set out to take a different approach and mimic the synthesis of phospholipids using abiotic but highly selective bioconjugation reactions. Here, I outline several of our group’s recent advances in exploring chemoselective reactions for stitching together lipid fragments to form membrane-forming lipids from non-membrane-forming precursors. Rapid chemical reactions can be harnessed to achieve facile de novo synthesis of lipid membranes, and spontaneous membrane formation can be applied for the reconstitution of membrane proteins, encapsulation and concentration of nanomaterials, and the study of lipid membrane remodeling. I conclude by briefly outlining future challenges and opportunities.
Seismic Data Compression Using Online Double-Sparse Dictionary Learning Schemes

Seismic data (traces) usually demonstrate high correlation. We propose a scheme based on online dictionary learning, which explores the resemblance among local seismic traces to facilitate compression for communication. In order to alleviate the transmission overhead caused by the slow convergence of online dictionary scheme, sparse constraints and a sliding window mechanism are applied to the incremental components of the dictionaries, which significantly improve the performance of online dictionary learning scheme in the sense of communication cost.
Morphological and Histochemical Adaptations of Trematode Digestion, with Particular Emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni

The morphology of the digestive system of digenetic trematodes has been reviewed by Bogitsh (1975) and Erasmus (1977). In general, the digestive system is divisible into two regions, the foregut and the caecum. The function of the former region appears to be the ingestion and assimilation of exogenous foodstuffs. In this capacity, it is a highly adaptable area, often displaying myriad specializations that increase efficiency. These specializations may include secretory cells such as is observed in Brachycoelium salamandrae (see Bogitsh and Ryckman, 1982), sensory structures as are present in Megalodiscus temperatus (see Bogitsh, 1972), etc. The lining of the foregut is a continuation of the general tegumental surface of the adult worm with an abrupt and sharp demarcation, a septate desmosome, between it and the gastrodermis.
An evaluation of a school-based dental sealant programme.

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of Bengal Smiles, a school-based dental sealant programme and assess outcomes related to the U.S. Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives. Methods A needs assessment identified high caries prevalence in Idaho children and supported the need for a school-based dental sealant programme at a local Title 1 school. Children (n=54) ages 6-12 were screened by dental hygiene students for suspected dental caries, sealant placement and need for referral for dental treatment. Sealant retention and sealant caries rates were computed at 12 months (n=32) using descriptive statistics. Caries rates were analysed with a t test for paired samples, while a chi-square test was used to determine a difference in referral treatment rates before and after the intervention of administrative staff who contacted parents of children in need of dental treatment. Results Bengal Smiles participants had a 16% decrease in suspected dental caries; however, there was no statistically significant difference in caries rates (P=.21) at baseline and 12 months. Sealant prevalence increased 370%. Sealant retention outcomes were 74% fully retained with 0% caries, 13% partially retained with 25% caries and 13% no retention with 25% caries. At 12 months, 50% of participants referred for dental treatment accessed care. The intervention of contacting parents had no statistically significant effect on increasing dental treatments (P=.75). Conclusions School-based sealant programmes eliminate disparities in accessing oral health care and contribute to attaining U.S. Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives.
Conceptualizing Adoptive Parent Support Groups: A Mixed-Method Process

ABSTRACTIndubitably, the process of adopting a young person, no matter the context, can be challenging. To assist adoptive parents in coping with these challenges, entities (e.g., social service/ad...
The Effect of Feed Form on Diet Digestibility and Cecal Parameters in Rabbits

Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatment groups of 5 animals each and fed pelleted, extruded, or muesli diets in a completely randomized design experiment. Rabbits were placed in individual cages with ad libitum access to water and food for 45 days acclimation followed by 30 days experimental period. Feed intake of rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets was greater (p < 0.05) than rabbits fed the muesli diet (125.6 and 130.4 vs. 91.9 g/d), but weight change and feed efficiency were not affected by treatment. Diet digestibility among the treatments was inconsistent when comparing results obtained from total fecal collection and AIA (please define) as an internal marker. Rabbits fed extruded and pelleted diets had lower (p < 0.05) cecal pH (6.42 and 6.38 vs. 7.02, respectively), and higher (p < 0.05) production of SCFA (18.5 and 19.0 vs. 11.7 mM, respectively) than those fed muesli. The fermentation products from rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets had a greater proportion of butyrate and less propionate than rabbits fed muesli. The results of this study indicate that the basal dietary composition had a greater impact on diet utilization and cecal fermentation than food form.
Pattern of Graft- and Host-Specific MHC Class II Expression in Long-Term Murine Cardiac Allografts: Origin of Inflammatory and Vascular Wall Cells

In solid-tissue allografts, donor vascular cells as well as recipient inflammatory cells can express MHC class II molecules. However, it is uncertain how much residual donor endothelium persists and to what extent donor versus recipient MHC class II expression can contribute to the ongoing immune response, especially in long-term grafts. To establish the origin of class-II-expressing cells in the allograft, we evaluated the expression of donor- or recipient-specific MHC class II molecules in murine cardiac allografts. Donor hearts from BALB/c (H-2d) mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) recipients; B6 isografts served as controls. Untreated allografts ceased functioning at approximately 7 days with severe parenchymal rejection. Allografts from recipients treated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 MAbs after transplantation were explanted at 8 to 12 weeks and demonstrated intimal fibroproliferative lesions with a mild parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrate. Class II expression in isografts was limited to epicardial macrophages. Both acutely rejecting and long-term allografts contained abundant macrophages expressing recipient class II molecules. Occasional cells (passenger leukocytes) in untreated, acutely rejecting allografts bore donor class II molecules; long-term allografts contained few such cells. In contrast, vascular endothelial and medial smooth muscle cells consistently expressed donor class II molecules. These results suggest that ongoing MHC class II expression in donor vascular cells, as well as in recipient macrophages, may contribute to sustained activation of host T cells with consequent release of cytokines that ultimately promote the development of graft arteriosclerosis.
Kasparov’s KK-Theory

One of the principal features of Kasparov theory is the great generality of the definitions. In addition to the fact that the theory works for real and “real” C*-algebras as well as for complex ones, and allows a locally compact group action, the definitions are made in such a way that the objects are extremely general.
Mandatory Reporting of Fatal and Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in a Rural Public Health Department

In 2016, Clallam County became the first county in Washington State to mandate reporting of fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses. This reporting improved our understanding of opioid overdoses in the community and allowed us to provide harm reduction and case management services after nonfatal overdoses. By using the Washington State Prescription Monitoring Program, we have been able to notify health care providers when their patients have experienced a fatal or nonfatal opioid overdose to help better guide their prescribing practices.
Frustration with feeling: Latent classes of non-suicidal self-injury and emotion regulation difficulties.

Abstract Although emotion regulation has been identified as a key function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), it is unclear how specific indices of emotion regulation are associated with particular NSSI methods as markers of risk. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of individuals who engage in NSSI and their patterns of emotional regulation difficulties. Undergraduate students in the southeastern United States (N = 326) completed an online survey. LCA was used to identify subgroups of individuals engaging in NSSI and their associated emotion regulation difficulties. These subgroups were then compared across a variety of behavioral health outcomes (e.g. impulsive behavior, disordered eating, problematic alcohol use, suicide attempt history) to characterize specific risk profiles. The LCA revealed four subgroups who engage in NSSI and have specific emotion regulation difficulties. These subgroups were differentially associated with behavioral health outcomes, including suicide risk, disordered eating, and impulsive behavior. Results of this research could aid in clinical identification of at-risk individuals.
Neuroimmunology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is clinically characterized by chronic progressive spastic paraparesis, urinary incontinence, and mild sensory disturbance. Given its well-characterized clinical presentation and pathophysiology, which is similar to the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), HAM/TSP is an ideal system to better understand other neuroimmunological disorders such as MS. Since the discovery of HAM/TSP, large numbers of clinical, virological, molecular, and immunological studies have been published. The host-virus interaction and host immune response play an important role for the development with HAM/TSP. HTLV-1-infected circulating T-cells invade the central nervous system (CNS) and cause an immunopathogenic response against virus and possibly components of the CNS. Neural damage and subsequent degeneration can cause severe disability in patients with HAM/TSP. Little progress has been made in the discovery of objective biomarkers for grading stages and predicting progression of disease and the development of molecular targeted therapy based on the underlying pathological mechanisms. We review the recent understanding of immunopathological mechanism of HAM/TSP and discuss the unmet need for research on this disease.
Atom transfer addition and annulation reactions of propargyl iodomalononitrile

Abstract Heating of propargyl iodomalonitrile with mono-, di- or trisubstituted alkenes followed by reduction of the crude or isolated products with tributyltin hydride produces dicyano(methylene)cyclopentanes in good to excellent overall yield. This radical annulation is often highly regio and stereoselective. The mechanism is discussed.
Obesity and psychosocial well‐being among cancer patients and survivors

OBJECTIVE As the association between obesity and cancer receives increasing attention, studies have begun to examine the potential impact of excess weight on psychosocial domains during treatment and survivorship. The current study will examine the effect of weight status on psychosocial outcomes among patients diagnosed with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 4159 patients over the age of 55 who were diagnosed with postmenopausal breast (52.2%), prostate (38.7%), or colon cancer (9.1%). Prior to treatment, patients were screened for problem-related distress using a 33-item touch screen-based instrument. Descriptive statistics were generated for each cancer type and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) used to determine significant differences in distress by weight (nonobese: <30 kg/m2 vs obese: ≥30 kg/m2 ). RESULTS A higher prevalence of biopsychosocial problem-related distress was reported by patients with breast cancer (M = 4.3) compared with prostate (M = 2.8) and colon cancer (M = 3.8). Obese breast and prostate cancer patients reported higher levels of problem-related distress compared with nonobese patients (P < .05), whereas an opposite trend was noted for patients with colon cancer. CONCLUSION The current study found notable obesity-related differences among patients diagnosed with postmenopausal breast cancer or prostate cancer, with excess weight consistently associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes. These findings among a large cohort of patients provide insight into the impact of obesity during the cancer care trajectory and can provide guidance in the development and implementation of supportive care services for this "at-risk" population.
Improving Medication Adherence Among Drug-Using HIV-Infected Formerly Incarcerated Individuals: A Pilot Test of Two Interventions.

Incarcerated individuals in the United States are reportedly four times more likely to be infected with HIV than members of the general population, and a substantial proportion have a history of dr...
The power of media in shaping political attitudes

The proliferation of media content and the use of that content among various publics frequently raises the question of whether and how media might influence political attitudes and behaviors. Scholarship in political science and communication has continually tried to disentangle these relationships. Recent research has included a variety of theoretical perspectives with a focus on experimental designs, but also including surveys, content analyses, and network analyses. Moderating and mediating variables often determine the strength of the relationships between media and political attitudes, and causality is a crucial consideration when determining the directionality of these relationships. Future research should continue these lines of exploration and also consider new media affordances and user interactions.
Assessing the Effect of Tobacco Use on Postoperative Outcomes in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Database

Objective: To estimate the effect of tobacco use on several outcomes in laparoscopic hysterectomy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients: 69,443 patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterect...
ROS signaling in cotton ovule epidermal cells is necessary for fiber initiation

Abstract Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) fiber, an extremely elongated and thickened single cell of the seed epidermis, is the world’s most important natural and economical textile fiber. Unlike Arabidopsis leaf trichomes, fiber initials are randomly developed and frequently form in adjacent seed epidermal cells and follow no apparent pattern. Numerous publications suggested cotton fiber development shares a similar mechanism with Arabidopsis leaf trichome development. Here we show that H2O2 accumulation in cotton ovule epidermal cells by NBT staining ovules at different development stages between TM1 and N1n2, a lintless-fuzzless doubled mutant originated from TM1. In contrast, Arabidopsis and cotton leaf trichomes do not show H2O2 content. By adding DPI (H2O2 inhibitor) and SHAM (H2O2 activator) in vitro ovule cultures, we show fiber initiation directly involves with H2O2 accumulation. We propose that the directional accumulation of H2O2 in cotton ovule epidermal cell is the drive for fiber initiation, elongation.
Prospects for Higgs Bosons at DØ

The Higgs mechanism [1] plays a central role in breaking of the electroweak symmetry by providing a mass to the vector bosons W and Z, without violating the local gauge invariance. The Standard Model requires a single neutral scalar particle. Extensions to the Standard Model can introduce additional Higgs particles. There is evidence from both theoretical considerations and experimental results which imply that the mass of the Standard Model Higgs is below 200 GeV [2–4]. This possibility gives a strong impetus to search for the Higgs bosons at the Tevatron.
Community capital framework in Latin America...and beyond?: Community capacity and resilience in Latin America, edited by Paul R. Lachapelle, Isabel Gutierrez-Montes, & Cornelia Butler Flora, Abingdon, Routledge, 2020, 202 pp., $40.46 (ebook), ISBN 9781315111605; $44.95 (softcover), ISBN 9781138084902; $155.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9781138084896

The chapters included in Lachapelle, Gutierrez-Montes, and Flora’s (hereafter “the editors”) edited volume, “Community Capacity and Resilience in Latin America,” were written and went to press long...
Problems in Hydromagnetics

Publisher Summary The subject of hydromagnetics is concerned with the interaction between magnetic fields and the motions of a highly conducting fluid. This field of physics is governed by classical equations of motion, and therefore its phenomena could have been investigated by the 19th century physicists because all necessary concepts were known at that time. However, it is only since the past 20 years that hydromagnetics has been actively being considered. A possible explanation for the late development of this field is that one impetus for its study has come from modern astrophysics where the importance of magnetic fields in astrophysical phenomena has only recently been appreciated. Hydromagnetics has also become important in applications to such varied phenomena as controlled thermonuclear reactors, the theory of the aurora, terrestrial magnetism, and flow of liquid metals. There are many other different types of waves that may exist in situations, in which the main field is no longer uniform but varies in space, or in which the boundary conditions are different. Because of the increased complexity, it is difficult to treat such waves in as much detail as in the plane-wave case.
Radiated emissions from populated printed circuit boards due to power bus noise

Previous studies have demonstrated that power plane pairs in a printed circuit board are capable of generating significant radiated emissions at resonance frequencies if these resonances are not damped by material or component losses. The paper shows that board resonances may be readily damped by component losses. However, radiated emissions from a damped power bus may still exceed FCC or CISPR limits over a broad band of frequencies.
Deep Space Network to Viking Orbiter telecommunications performance during the Viking extended mission, November 1976 - February 1978

The telecommunications performance during the Viking extended mission, starting with the completion of the first superior conjunction in November 1976 and ending with the jettison of the VO-2 aft bioshield early in March 1978 is discussed. Viking Orbiter activities and problems, the ground system activities and problems, radio science activities, and communication link performance are included. The substantial involvement of the Deep Space Network and the coordination of their telecommunication planners with Viking Project telecommunications analysts in the planning and execution of complex Viking Orbiter sequences are discussed.
Evolution of strategies for resource protection problems

The objective of this project is to develop effective finite-state machine (FSM) strategies for winning against an adversary in a Competition for Resources simulation. To achieve this goal, we evolve these strategies in a simulated environment and compare a variety of evolutionary methods in this context. Key empirical questions are addressed, such as how many FSM states are optimal, how effective is it to use an evolutionary algorithm that adapts the number of states, and how can one reduce the variance in fitness evaluation? Some of our experimental answers to these questions are quite intriguing. This chapter also explores and evaluates novel algorithms for detecting and repairing deleterious cycles in the evolved FSMs.
Women and New Men: Negotiating Masculinity in the Japanese Media

One of the central issues for women's prospects for equality is whether men can and will change. (Pease, 2000, p. 1) The opening statement of Bob Pease's recent examination of the role (re)definiti...
Enzymatic and biological studies of cholera (Vibrio cholerae) toxin.

Untersuchung der Enterotoxine vonVibrio cholerae auf eine Reihe von Enzymaktivitaten und im Hinblick auf die Aufklarung des pathogenetischen Mechanismus.
Uncertainty in model parameters and regional carbon fluxes: A model-data fusion approach

Abstract Models have been widely used to estimate carbon fluxes at regional scales, and the uncertainty of modeled fluxes, however, has rarely been quantified and remains a challenge. A quantitative uncertainty assessment of regional flux estimates is essential for better understanding of terrestrial carbon dynamics and informing carbon and climate decision-making. We use a simple ecosystem model, eddy covariance (EC) flux observations, and a model-data fusion approach to assess the uncertainty of regional carbon flux estimates for the Upper Midwest region of northern Wisconsin and Michigan, USA. We combine net ecosystem exchange (NEE) observations and an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to quantify the parameter uncertainty of the Diagnostic Carbon Flux Model (DCFM). Our MCMC approach eliminates the need for an initial equilibration or “burn-in” phase of the random walk, and also improves the performance of the algorithm for parameter optimization. For each plant functional type (PFT), we use NEE observations from multiple EC sites to estimate parameters, and the resulting parameter estimates are more representative of the PFT than estimates based on observations from a single site. A probability density function (PDF) is generated for each parameter, and the spread of the PDF provides an estimate of parameter uncertainty. We then apply the model with parameter PDFs to estimate NEE for each grid cell across our study region, and propagate the parameter uncertainty through simulations to produce probabilistic flux estimates. Over the period from 2001 to 2007, the mean annual NEE of the region was estimated to be −30.0 Tg C yr−1, and the associated uncertainty as measured by standard deviation was ± 7.6 Tg C yr−1. Uncertainty in parameters can lead to a large uncertainty to estimates of regional carbon fluxes, and our model-data approach can provide uncertainty bounds to regional carbon fluxes. Future research is needed to apply our approach to more complex ecosystem models, assess the usefulness, validity, and alternatives of the PFT and vegetation type concepts, and to fully quantify the uncertainty of regional carbon fluxes by incorporating other sources of uncertainty.
The Determination of Ionospheric Electron Distribution

The virtual height versus frequency integral is derived, neglecting absorption and the earth's magnetic field. It is shown how solution of this integral equation can be obtained using the Laplace transformation, and how true height versus frequency can be determined graphically from virtual height versus frequency curves. Application of the method is made to some typical nighttime and daytime ionosphere records.
Involvement of Glutamate 399 and Lysine 192 in the Mechanism of Human Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Mutation to the conserved Glu399 or Lys192 caused the rate-limiting step of human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) to change from deacylation to hydride transfer (Sheikh, S., Ni, L., Hurley, T. D., and Weiner, H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 18817-18822). Here we further investigated the role of these two NAD+-ribose-binding residues. The E399Q/K/H/D and K192Q mutants had lower dehydrogenase activity when compared with the native enzyme. No pre-steady state burst of NADH formation was found with the E399Q/K and K192Q enzymes when propionaldehyde was used as the substrate; furthermore, each mutant oxidized chloroacetaldehyde slower than propionaldehyde, and a primary isotope effect was observed for each mutant when [2H]acetaldehyde was used as a substrate. However, no isotope effect was observed for each mutant when alpha-[2H]benzaldehyde was the substrate. A pre-steady state burst of NADH formation was observed for the E399Q/K and K192Q mutants with benzaldehyde, and p-nitrobenzaldehyde was oxidized faster than benzaldehyde. Hence, when aromatic aldehydes were used as substrates, the rate-limiting step remained deacylation for all these mutants. The rate-limiting step remained deacylation for the E399H/D mutants when either aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes were used as substrates. The K192Q mutant displayed a change in substrate specificity, with aromatic aldehydes becoming better substrates than aliphatic aldehydes.
Uranium isotopic evidence for the origin of the Bahariya iron deposits, Egypt

Abstract The economic iron ore deposits of Egypt are located at Bahariya Oasis in the Lower Middle Eocene limestone. The main iron minerals are goethite, hematite, siderite, pyrite, and jarosite. Manganese minerals are pyrolusite and manganite. Gangue minerals are barite, glauconite, gibbsite, alunite, quartz, halite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, palygorskite, and halloysite. Geochemical comparison between the ore and the Nubia sandstone showed that the ore is depleted in the residual elements (Al, Ti, V, and Ni) and enriched in the mobile elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ba, and U) which indicates that the Bahariya iron ore is not a lateritic deposit despite the deep weathering in this area. On the other hand, the Nubia sandstone showed depletion in the mobile elements, which demonstrates the leaching process in the Nubia Aquifer. The presence of such indicator minerals as jarosite, alunite, glauconite, gibbsite, palygorskite, and halloysite indicate that the ore was deposited under strong acidic conditions in fresh water. Isotopic analyses of the uranium in the amorphous and crystalline phases of the ore, in the country rocks, and dissolved in the Nubia Aquifer water, all support the conclusion that U and Fe were precipitated together from warm ascending groundwater. U and Fe display strong co-variation in the ore, and the 234U/238U activity ratio of the newly precipitated U in the country rock and the leached component of U in the groundwater are identical. There is only slightly more uranium in the amorphous phase than in the crystalline and only a slightly lower 234U/238U activity ratio, suggesting that the iron in the two phases have a similar origin. Comparison of the excess 234U in the water and in the total ore leads to the conclusion that the precipitation of the U, and by inference the iron, occurred within the last million years. However, that both precipitation and leaching of U have occurred over the last 300,000 years is evidenced by the extreme 230Th/234U disequilibria observed in some of the samples. Some of the amorphous depositional events have been very recent, perhaps within the last 10,000 years.
Mass spectrometer sysrtems and products. An expanded directory of manufacturers and suppliers

A directory of companies which supply mass spectrometers, components and services is provided. This directory expands on an earlier version.
Effect of the cation on solubilization by oil-soluble sulfonates

Abstract The dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates of cesium, sodium, barium, magnesium, and zinc were studied as solubilizing agents for methanol, normal propylamine, and acetic acid in toluene. By a previously developed gas chromatographic technique, the extent of solubilization of the three species by each of the sulfonates was measured over the range of 0 to approximately 2% solubilizate. The mass law was shown to be consistent with the experimental observations that the concentration ratio of bound solubilizate to total solubilizer is dependent upon the free solubilizate concentration and independent of the solubilizer concentration. The data and theoretical considerations lead to the additional conclusions that the partition law is not universally applicable to solubilization, and that the size distribution of micelles is fixed by the free solubilizate concentration. The initial extent of interaction as a function of free solubilizate concentration usually increased with increasing electronegativity of the soap cation. The soaps of zinc and magnesium were exceptions when acetic acid was the solubilizate. This deviation is attributed to the covalent properties of these metals and the bifunctional reactivity of acetic acid.
Participatory action research from the inside: community development practice in East St. Louis

The profile that follows presents an account of politics, race, method, and social change drawn from one key participant's experience with an ambitious participatory action research project in East St. Louis.1 The key participant who tells the story is Ken Reardon, an assistant professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The profile was produced at Cornell University by Brian Kreiswirth and John Forester as part of a larger project to explore the character of practical and political judgment required of participatory action researchers in a variety of fields. In the spring 1992 semester, John Welsh conducted a series of interviews with PAR practitioners, beginning with Ken Reardon; Kreiswirth transcribed these interviews and did the initial editing of Reardon's account. Forester super vised the interviewing, transcribing and editing process and did further editing of the transcriptions so they could be used in the undergraduate and graduate courses.
The impact of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery in patients with Barrett’s esophagus

Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is believed that BE is caused by chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) restores the competency of the cardia and may thereby change the natural course of BE. We studied the impact of LARS on the histological profile of BE and on the control of GERD.
A Forgotten Sexuality: Content Analysis of Bisexuality in the Medical Literature over Two Decades

The authors conducted a content analysis of articles listed in PubMed on bisexual health (N = 348). Methodological approaches favored cross-sectional surveys. Fewer than 20% of the articles analyzed data for bisexuals separately; most combined their data with homosexual participants. Most articles used convenience samples with poor representation of women, socioeconomic status and minorities. One fifth of the articles framed bisexuals as an infection bridge, whereas about one sixth framed bisexuality as a legitimate identity. More than 90% of the bisexuality medical research was atheoretical. To address health inequities, further study is required on the needs of this forgotten minority group.
Vertical oculomotor apraxia and memory loss

A case of vertical oculomotor apraxia with severe memory loss and hypokinetic inertia is described in a 34-year-old woman who was taking oral contraceptives. The eye movement disorder was limited to paralysis of voluntary vertical saccades; pursuit movements, reflex eye movement, and horizontal saccades were normal. Random involuntary vertical saccades documented by electronystagmography qualified this as a true apraxia. Similar cases from the literature have in common involvement of both medial thalami, a localization supported in this case by distinctive abnormalities on CAT scan. The clinical course suggested acute infarction, possibly due to embolism, in a territory supplied by the thalamosubthalamic paramedian arteries.
Resonant MPI spectrum of allyl radicals

A mass-selected, partially rotationally resolved, resonant multiphoton ionization spectrum of the allyl radical, C 3 H 5 , is reported. Photoelectron spectroscopy, isotopic labelling, and rotational analysis establish that the band system corresponds to the 2 2 B 1 $IMP 1 2 A 2 transition, with an origin band at 248.15 nm. Spectral simulation indicates that the equilibrium CCC bond angle of the radical decreases from 124.6 degree(s) in the ground state to 117.5 degree(s) in the excited state.
The content and access dynamics of a busy Web server (poster session)

We study the MSNBC Web site, one of the busiest in the Internet today. We analyze the dynamics of content creation and modification as well as client accesses. Our key findings are (a) files tend to change little upon modification, (b) a small set of files get modified repeatedly, (c) file popularity follows a Zipf-like distribution with an a much larger than reported in previous, proxy-based studies, and (d) there is significant temporal stability in file popularity but not much stability in the domains from which popular content is accessed. We discuss implications of these findings.
On the Conditional Analysis of Phenomenal Concepts

Zombies make trouble for physicalism. Intuitively, they seem conceivable, and many take this to support their metaphysical possibility – a result that, most agree, would refute physicalism. John Hawthorne (2002) [Philosophical Studies 109, 17–52] and David Braddon-Mitchell (2003) [The Journal of Philosophy 100, 111–135] have developed a novel response to this argument: phenomenal concepts have a conditional structure – they refer to non-physical states if such states exist and otherwise to physical states – and this explains the zombie intuition. I argue that this strategy fails. The considerations Hawthorne and Braddon-Mitchell adduce in support of their analysis in fact do no such thing. Further, their main argument for the analysis is self-defeating: exactly similar reasoning would undermine the view it is meant to establish. Finally, on closer inspection the conditional analysis is incompatible with the zombie intuition. Thus, not only is the analysis incapable of explaining the intuition: the intuition’s plausibility indicates that the analysis is incorrect. I also suggest that the allure of the conditional-analysis strategy may derive from a questionable view about what explaining the intuition would require.