cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved Sample Complexity in Sparse Subspace Clustering with Noisy and Missing Observations

In this chapter, we show the results of the new CoCoSSC algorithm. The content is organized as follows: The main results concerning CoCoSSC algorithm are shown in Sect. 9.1. Following Sect. 9.1, we show the full proofs in Sect. 9.2. In Sect. 9.3, we show the performance for CoCoSSC algorithm and some related algorithms numerically. Finally, we conclude this work with some future directions.
A kinematic comparison of meshfree and mesh-based Lagrangian approximations using manufactured extreme deformation fields

Meshfree methods for solid mechanics have been in development since the early 1990’s. Initial motivations included alleviation of the burden of mesh creation and the desire to overcome the limitations of traditional mesh-based discretizations for extreme deformation applications. Here, the accuracy and robustness of both meshfree and mesh-based Lagrangian discretizations are compared using manufactured extreme deformation fields. For the meshfree discretizations, both moving least squares and maximum entropy are considered. Quantitative error and convergence results are presented for the best approximation in the $$H^1$$ norm.
Korean apartment complexes and social relationships of the residents

Korean apartment housing, where more than half of the population lives, has drawn attention with its spatial, historical, and cultural uniqueness. Among many questions on Korean apartments, this ar...
Abstract 582: Obg-like Atpase 1 (OLA1) Regulates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophic Response via Gsk3β Signaling

Background: OLA1 that possesses both GTP and ATP hydrolyzing activities has been reported as a translational regulator of cell growth and survival. However, its role in cardiac hypertrophy, a proce...
Electronic Medical Record Versus Bedside Assessment: How to Evaluate Frailty in Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Patients?

Abstract Background Screening patients for frailty is traditionally done at the bedside. However, recent electronic medical record (EMR)-based, comorbidity-focused frailty assessments have been developed. Our objective was to determine how a common bedside frailty assessment, the trauma and emergency surgery (TEGS) frailty index (FI), compares to an EMR-based frailty assessment in predicting geriatric TEGS outcomes. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed our quality improvement project database consisting of TEGS patients ≥ 65 y old. Patients were screened with the TEGS FI, a 15-question bedside assessment, including comorbidities, physical activity, emotional health, and nutrition. Six of 15 items were retrievable from the enterprise data warehouse (EDW), storing all EMR data from Northwestern Memorial Hospital, and use to calculate the EDW frailty score. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between different groups. Results Two hundred thirty-six geriatric TEGS patients were included, of which 75 (31.8%) were TEGS FI frail and 60 (25.4%) were EDW frail. TEGS FI frail patients had increased length of stay (LOS), loss of independence (LOI), and complications compared to TEGS FI nonfrail patients. EDW frail patients had higher LOS and complications than EDW nonfrail patients but similar LOI. TEGS FI and EDW frail patients had similar outcomes except TEGS FI–only patients more often have LOI. Conclusions Bedside frailty assessments and EMR-based assessments are both effective in identifying geriatric TEGS patients at risk for increased LOS and complications. However, bedside frailty screening was better at identifying patients who have LOI and may be a more appropriate choice when screening for frailty.
Applied energy technology

Abstract To design a micro PV panel, thousands of photons have been produced from a single photon by breaking down its photonic structure using a Higgs boson BR (H → γγ−) quantum field under high-temperature conditions. Because the Higgs boson quantum field can be excited under high-temperature conditions, which forms an extremely short-range weak force by the photon-photon collusion of the bare ions, a pair of photons (e+ e−) is created from a single photon. This pair of photons can be dissociated by two surface semiconductors of the photovoltaic panel and further dispersed by the three-diode superconducting silicon surface to form multiple photons, here named Hossain Multiple Photons (HmP−). A mathematical test has been performed by applying MATLAB software, which revealed that production of HmP− [1photon = (1 + 1 = 2photons) = (2photons + 2photons)2surface = 16photon = (16photons)3diode = ∑ 4096photons] from a single phone is doable through photon-photon collusion, photon dissociation, and a photon scattering process into the Higgs boson quantum field under high-temperature conditions. These multiple photons can be converted from direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) for commercial use. Calculations revealed that 1590.9 MW/h of clean energy can be produced with a 1 cm2 PV panel, which indeed would be a new field of science that will substantially satisfy the total global energy demand.
The voicing contrast in the speech of language-delayed children: 18 months later

Abstract: The voicing contrast, as cued by voice onset time, was examined in the speech of four language-delayed children comparing their use of this acoustic–phonetic parameter with their use of the same parameter 18 months previously. According to criteria which would suggest increasing control of the voicing contrast, two of the four children were making some progress.
Nathalie Sarraute, une répétition à double fond

Cette etude, dans la continuation des travaux de Francoise Asso, entreprend d’examiner le phenomene de la repetition textuelle dans l’œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute. L’article tente de montrer le role de la repetition dans la generation du texte litteraire sarrautien, alors meme que le roman ecarte l’intrigue, les personnages ou la toute-puissance du narrateur comme principe de progression. L’etude contribue a montrer comment cette repetition qui introduit la parole courante dans l’espace esthetique du texte litteraire, sert aussi a marquer comme tels les cliches et les lieux communs. Cette particularite rend possible une lecture a deux niveaux : d’une part, une lecture sensible par laquelle les lecteurs sont malmenes par la repetition des cliches et, d’autre part, une lecture intellectuelle ou la repetition sert de marque et de jalon permettant aux lecteurs de developper une experience esthetique consciente. Building on Fancoise Asso’s research on the role of repetition in Nathalie Sarraute’s work, this article examines how repetition replaces other forms of narrative agency (plot, characters, omnipotent narrator) in this author’s texts. This study demonstrates how repetition, which introduces common language into the esthetic space of the literary text, also serves to single out cliches and stereotypical speech. These two contrasting functions of repetition organize a double reading of the text: simultaneously subjecting the readers to the banality of cliches and empowering them in an aesthetical experience.
A data-driven framework for energy-conscious design of building facade systems

Abstract A building facade system plays a critical role in building energy conservation since it has a large impact on the heat transfer between the outdoor and indoor environments. Considering complex interactions between building facade design parameters and building context is essential for evaluating the energy performance of building facade systems. Building energy simulations (BESs) can help designers to acquire necessary information about the energy performance of facade systems. However, many design firms do not have the capability of performance-based design due to the lack of trained personnel and technical resources, such as simulation tools and devices. Even with all the required resources, it is computationally expensive to analyze different facade design alternatives to compare their energy performance. The main objective of this paper is to develop a data-driven framework to extract hidden information and underlying structure from the thermal behavior of facade systems in a set of scenarios and provide recommendations for designers to select energy-efficient facade systems. In the proposed framework, clustering analysis was used to partition simulated data into different subsets with distinct patterns. Then, the association rule mining (ARM) technique was applied to each dataset to extract rules as recommendations for positive, negative, and neutral energy saving in favor of a selected facade panel. This framework provides simple recommendations on the energy performance of facade systems for different building types in different climate zones. The applicability of the proposed framework was tested on an innovative ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHP-FRC) facade panel. The extracted recommendations were validated using four different building models in different locations, which were not previously included in the building energy simulations. Results highlight the applicability of the proposed methodology in facilitating the energy performance analysis of different facade systems in different building contexts. This methodology can be used by designers as a decision support system to provide simple recommendations in the early stages of building envelope designs to obtain high-performance buildings.
Panel: Supporting Student Co-Curricular Experiences

Academic co-curricular activities (e.g., programming contests, hackathons, student clubs, tutoring, internships, undergrad research) are popular with students, promote academic engagement and retention, and provide a competitive advantage to students applying for jobs and grad schools. This panel will continue a conversation started at a 2019 BOF session on this topic.
Evaluation of Group Testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA

Abstract During the current COVID-19 pandemic, testing kit and RNA extraction kit availability has become a major limiting factor in the ability to determine patient disease status and accurately quantify prevalence. Current testing strategies rely on individual tests of cases matching restrictive diagnostic criteria to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, limiting testing of asymptomatic and mild cases. Testing these individuals is one effective way to understand and reduce the spread of COVID-19. Here, we develop a pooled testing strategy to identify these low-risk individuals. Drawing on the well-studied group testing literature, modeling suggests practical changes to testing protocols which can reduce test costs and stretch a limited test kit supply. When most tests are negative, pooling reduces the total number of tests up to four-fold at 2% prevalence and eight-fold at 0.5% prevalence. At current SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, randomized group testing optimized per country could double the number of tested individuals from 1.85M to 3.7M using only 671k more tests. This strategy is well-suited to supplement testing for asymptomatic and mild cases who would otherwise go untested, and enable them to adopt behavioral changes to slow the spread of COVID-19.
“We can’t just wish this thing away”: Caregiver perspectives on a child’s diagnosis of 3q29 deletion

ABSTRACT Objective Genetic diagnoses are increasingly common in cases of intellectual disability and developmental delay. While ascertainment of a relatively common, well-studied variant may provide guidance related to treatments and developmental expectations, it is less clear how the diagnosis of a rare variant impacts caregivers, especially when the phenotype may include later onset manifestations such as psychosis. In the current study, we sought to identify caregiver concerns in the first qualitative study to assess the psychosocial impact of diagnosis on caregivers of individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29Del), which is associated with a 40-fold increase in risk for psychosis. Method Participants were recruited from the national 3q29Del registry housed at Emory University (3q29deletion.org). Fifteen participants completed a semi-structured phone interview during which they were asked about their experiences before, during, and after their child received a diagnosis of 3q29Del. Interview responses were analyzed using the general inductive approach, and overarching themes were identified. Results We identified the following overarching themes: difficult “diagnostic odyssey,” mixed feelings about diagnosis, frustration with degree of uncertainty, and importance of resources. Importantly, our data suggest that future risk for psychosis is often not disclosed by medical professionals, consistent with the experience of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Conclusion These results highlight potential gaps in how caregivers are informed of risk for adult-onset conditions and point to key caregiver concerns for consideration in diagnosis of 3q29Del.
‘Between the devil and the Bay of Bengal’: the Ford Foundation and the politics of planning in post-Independence Calcutta

From 1960–1973, the Ford Foundation and the Calcutta Metropolitan Planning Organization (CMPO) engaged in a unique partnership that produced the Basic Development Plan, a bold strategy for the deve...
Low Back Pain Versus Back-Related Leg Pain: How Do Patient Expectations and Outcomes of Lumbar Spine Surgery Compare?:

Background: An increasing number of lumbar spine conditions are treated surgically. Such intervention, however, is commonly thought to be more effective in addressing leg pain than low back pain. P...
Correction to: Bican, R., Christensen, C., Fallieras, K., Sagester, G., O’Rourke, S., Byars, M., & Tanner, K. (2021). Rapid Implementation of Telerehabilitation for Pediatric Patients During COVID-19

Correction to: Bican, R., Christensen, C., Fallieras, K., Sagester, G., O’Rourke, S., Byars, M., & Tanner, K. (2021). Rapid Implementation of Telerehabilitation for Pediatric Patients During COVID-19. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6371 The affiliation for each author was incorrectly stated as: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA The correct affiliation for each author is: Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA The metadata for the original article has been corrected.
Pediatric Firearm-Related Injuries: Taking Kids Out of Harm's Way Begins with Targeted Prevention.

ABSTRACT Background Firearm-related injury is a public health crisis and remains the 3rd most common cause of death from ages 1 15 years. By evaluating events surrounding such injuries, evidence-based intervention strategies efforts may be targeted to maximize impact. Material and methods A retrospective chart review was performed for firearm-related injuries in patients 15 years-old and under at an urban Pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center between January 2016 and December 2020. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, injury severity score (ISS), reported cause of injury, timing of injury around school and curfew, and mortality were evaluated. Medical Examiner data identified other deaths that occurred within the hospital's catchment area. Results There were 195 injuries including 14 from the Medical Examiner. Overall, 82.6% were male with median age of 14 years (range 1-15; IQR 13-15), and median ISS of 5 (IQR 1-10). African-American children comprised 74.9% of the cohort while only representing 35.9% of local schools. Intentional interpersonal injuries comprised 65.6%; 17.4% were bystanders; 7.2% were negligent discharges; and 0.5% suicide. Median age for intentional interpersonal injuries was 14 years (IQR 13-15) compared to 11 years (IQR 8-14, P = 0.03) for negligent discharges. Regarding timing, 6.9% of injuries occurred during school hours; 56.4% after school or during non-school days; and 36.7% were after legal curfew. Mortality rate was 17.4%. Conclusions Firearm safety education and community-based violence intervention should start in the pre-teen years. Pediatric firearm-related injury prevention strategies must be multifaceted addressing structural racism, truancy, curfew violation, extra-curricular activities, childcare options, firearm safety education, violence reduction, suicide prevention, and recidivism.
BeamSurfer: simple in-band beam management for mobile mm-wave devices

Narrow millimeter wave transmit and receive beams need to be pointed at each other for a successful line-of-sight (LoS) communication link. As a user with a mm-wave mobile moves or rotates, constant readjustment, about tens times each second, is necessary to maintain aligned beams. Once communication is lost due to misalignment or blockage, the mobile can take up to 1.28 s in 5G New Radio to be reacquired. BeamSurfer is the first solution for beam management that does not require any additional sensors, position measurements, or prior mapping of the environment. It employs only Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements to predict LoS beams ahead of time. To avoid communication loss due to sudden blockage, BeamSurfer successfully maintains a reserve backup reflected beam to coordinate recovery. For users moving at walking speeds within 10 m of a base station (BS), experimental evaluations show that the transmit and receive beams chosen by BeamSurfer are always within 3 dB of the optimal ones that an Oracle would choose. Experimental evaluation also shows that BeamSurfer is able to recover from blockages in indoor environments.
Foreword: Translation and Transformission; or, Early Modernity in Motion

"The concept of “transformission,” created by Randall McLeod, does indeed “cover most everything.” It proves broadly generative for studying early modernity and is especially applicable to early modern translations, as the essays in this issue demonstrate. The most direct contribution of the idea of transformission to translation studies is procedural: when looking at translations, we should look also at changes made to their material texts. The idea of transformission, however, originated in textual studies and editorial theory, and those origins help us understand its special relevance to translation studies. This Foreword to a special issue on transformission and translation first considers briefly the textual origins of the idea of transformission, particularly examining how the perennial problem of variant versions can be reimagined through the lens of transformission and related textual-studies concepts. From there, the idea of transformission connects readily to translation studies: translations, after all, are variant versions of a work, and they, too, are transformed when transmitted."
Clinical and Pathologic features of North American/Caribbean Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), the Brooklyn, NY experience

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare, highly aggressive, T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1(HTLV-1) infection.1 It is estimated that there are at least 5-10 million HTLV-1 carriers worldwide. Most of the HTLV-1 infection is thought to be acquired from mother-to-child transmission through breastfeeding. Sexual transmission and blood transfusion are other means of infection. Only a small number (2-5%) of HTLV-1 infected patients develop ATLL, usually after a long latency period (30-50 years after infection), suggesting additional genetic and epigenetic events are required for HTLV-1 infected cells to transform to ATLL. 2-3ATLL is endemic in certain regions where HTLV-1 infection is prevalent, including southwestern Japan, the Caribbean basin, areas of South America and tropical Africa.4 ATLL is rare in North America and the majority of the patients are immigrants from Caribbean basin, and rarely, of US-born African Americans. Studies have shown that HTLV-1 infection is prevalent in the black, predominantly Caribbean population of central Brooklyn, NY and that ATLL is endemic in this community. 5-7 Here we review the clinical and pathologic features of Caribbean ATLL and present our findings in a cohort of ATLL from central Brooklyn, NY. Our data suggest that Caribbean ATLL is not only clinically but also molecularly distinct from Japanese ATLL. Epigenetically targeted therapy may be a potential effective adjunct therapy in treatment of ATLL.
How do contrasting cases and self-explanation promote learning? Evidence from fraction division☆

Abstract Past research has shown that both contrasting cases instruction and prompts to self-explain promote students' learning in mathematics. However, it is not clear whether these instructional approaches enhance learning through similar mechanisms or whether each supports learning in distinct ways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the unique and combined effects of comparison, defined as noticing similarities and differences, and explanation, defined as making sense of problems, on student learning, and to assess whether these processes are more effective when combined than when implemented separately. We also investigated potential mechanisms involved in comparison and explanation. We addressed these issues in the domain of fraction division. Prompts to self-explain promoted conceptual learning, but inviting comparison, without prompts to self-explain, did not. The quality of students' self-explanations was affected by both prompts to self-explain and encouragement to compare. The findings suggest that contrasting cases instruction is effective, at least in part, because it typically involves self-explanation.
Tricuspid valvuloplasty in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Tricuspid valve regurgitation is a common finding in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing staged surgical reconstruction and can result from either abnormal valve morphology or incomplete leaflet coaptation due to annular dilatation. Significant tricuspid insufficiency imposes an additional volume load on the right ventricle and may have an important effect on survival. The spectrum of tricuspid valve anatomy found in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and surgical techniques available for the repair of atrioventricular valves are discussed. Tricuspid valvuloplasty during either the hemi-Fontan or Fontan stages of reconstruction carries a high success rate and is associated with improved right ventricular function.
Criteria for Robust Stability of Systems with Structured Uncertainty: A Perspective

Motivated by Kharitonov's Theorem, there has been a flurry of recent literature dealing with stability of polynomials and matrices under perturbation. This paper provides a perspective on a large subset of the recent results in this area. In particular, the focal point will be perturbed polynomials and matrices with real coefficients. The study of robust control systems provides a major impetus for development of results in this area.
Testing a Dual-Process Model of Media Enjoyment and Appreciation

This article presents a dual-process model of media entertainment representing 2 psychological appraisal processes, and examines how these processes evoke appreciation or enjoyment as a function of the presence/absence of cognitive conflict. The first process (which characterizes experiences of appreciation) is deliberative and slow, and results from cognitive conflict. The second process (which characterizes experiences of enjoyment) is automatic and fast, and occurs when cognitive conflict is inconsequential. Both appraisal processes result from the same underlying framework of intuitive preferences. 2 studies vary narrative conflict among sets of intuitive moral domains to test dual-process predictions regarding slow/fast response times and the association of the presence/absence of conflict with self-reported experiences of appreciation/enjoyment. Discussion examines theoretical implications for entertainment research.
Electronic Commerce: Review of Critical Research Issues

There is a revolution transforming the global economy. Web technology is transforming all business into information-based activity. The rate of technological change is so rapid that emerging electronic commerce already is making fundamental changes in the economic landscape, affecting every aspect of how business is and will be conducted. The Web has extended the reach of corporations. New business opportunities are growing exponentially because of the vast amount of business information made available by the global Web, which helps bring together the information passed between businesses, between a business and its customers, and among different departments of a business. It will no longer be possible operationally or strategically to ignore the information-based virtual value chains for any business. This paper reviews the scope, current applications, and the potentials of electronic commerce. It also develops a framework for identifying the significant opportunities and important research issues associated with electronic commerce. The emphasis is on taking an interdisciplinary view that integrates technology and business models.
Separation of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Antigens by Concanavalin A Affinity Chromatography

Biologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced antigens were selectively removed from extracts of infected BHK cells by affinity chromatography by utilizing an insoluble form of concanavalin A (Con A). Soluble extracts of (3)H-glucosamine-labeled, HSV-infected cells were absorbed to a Con A column. Bound material was eluted with alpha-methyl-d-mannoside (alphaMM) and NaCl. The specific activity of the eluted glycoproteins increased by 10-fold. Two broad groups of viral-induced antigens were isolated from Con A. Group I includes two antigens which bind to Con A by a specific mechanism because the antigens are dissociated by alphaMM. Group II contains three antigens which bind to Con A but apparently by a nonspecific or electrolytic mechanism. One antigen in group I was identified as the glycoprotein antigen, CP-1, described previously.
Interaction of Eukaryotic Ribosomes with Messenger RNA: Evidence for a Scanning Mechanism

The question of how ribosomes select the correct AUG codon for initiation of protein synthesis is intriguing. In prokaryotes, both the primary and secondary structure of the mRNA contribute to the specificity of initiation: a purine-rich sequence located ~ 10 nucleotides upstream of the AUG (or GUG) codon serves as a positive recognition element for binding of E. coli ribosomes (Steitz and Jakes 1975), while the secondary and tertiary structure of the message play an important negative role (Lodish 1970). Thus, denaturation of coliphage f2 RNA (with or without cleavage of the RNA backbone) dramatically increased binding of E. coli ribosomes to the synthetase and A-protein cistrons, and also allowed initiation at a few spurious sites. Perturbation of mRNA structure also alters the specificity of initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes, but the effects are quite different from those observed in prokaryotic systems.
SVM-based Multiple Classifier System for recognition of wheat leaf diseases

This work presents a SVM-based Multiple Classifier System (MCS) for pattern recognition of wheat leaf diseases. The proposed system uses stacked generalization structure to combine the classification decisions obtained from three kinds of support vector machines (SVMs)-based classifiers. And three different feature sets including color features, texture features and shape features are used as training sets for three corresponding classifiers. Firstly, these different feature sets are classified by the classifiers in low-level of MCS to different corresponding mid-level categories, which are partly described by the symptom of crop diseases according to the knowledge of plant pathology. Then the mid-level features are extracted from these mid-categories produced from low-level classifiers. Finally high-level SVMs will be trained and correct errors made by the color, texture and shape SVMs to improve the performance of recognition. Compared with previous classifiers for wheat leaf diseases, the proposed approach can obtains better success rate of recognition.
Heterogeneity in the structure of the ubiquitin conjugates of human alpha globin.

Only monoubiquitinated (and to a much lesser extent diubiquitinated) 125I-alpha globin is observed as a conjugated intermediate in the ATP- and ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent proteolysis of 125I-alpha globin catalyzed by an unfractionated reticulocyte lysate (Shaeffer, J.R. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22205-22210). A monoubiquitinated 125I-alpha globin (Ub1-alpha) fraction was isolated and incubated with a dilute acid reagent to selectively cleave the 125I-alpha globin moiety between residues 94 (Asp) and 95 (Pro). Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the resulting polypeptides showed that the Ub1-alpha conjugate consisted of a mixture of molecules in which 57% had Ub attached to the amino-terminal two-thirds and 43% had Ub attached to the carboxyl-terminal one-third of the 125I-alpha globin monomer. This amino- to carboxyl-terminal region ubiquitination ratio was essentially unchanged when a Ub1-alpha conjugate intermediate, pulse-labeled for 15 min in the presence of ubiquitin aldehyde to inhibit disassembly, was analyzed after (a) a 2-h chase incubation with excess nonradioactive alpha globin or (b) isolation and incubation separately as a proteolysis substrate. Similar analysis of the diubiquitinated 125I-alpha globin (Ub2-alpha) conjugate molecules showed that, after pulse labeling, 58% were diubiquitinated within the amino-terminal two-thirds and 42% were monoubiquitinated within both amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 125I-alpha globin moiety (a small amount of molecules diubiquitinated within the carboxyl-terminal region may also be present) and that the relative amounts of these molecular types changed little, if any, during the chase incubation. This invariance in the amino- to carboxyl-terminal region ubiquitination ratio during degradation of the Ub1-alpha and Ub2-alpha conjugates suggests that 125I-alpha globin molecules ubiquitinated within either the amino- or carboxyl-terminal regions were both intermediates in the proteolysis of the unconjugated substrate. This heterogeneous pattern of Ub conjugation may also occur during the proteolysis of other long-lived intracellular proteins.
a Theoretical Model for Calculation of Molecular Stopping Power.

A modified local plasma model is established. The Gordon-Kim's molecular charged density model is employed to obtain a formula to evaluate the stopping power of many useful molecular systems. The stopping power of H2 and He gas was calculated for incident proton energy ranging from 100 keV to 2.5 MeV. The stopping power of O2, N2, and water vapor was also calculated for incident proton energy ranging from 40 keV. to 2.5 MeV. Good agreement with experimental data was obtained. A discussion of molecular effects leading to department from Bragg's rule is presented. The equipartition rule and the effect of nuclear momentum recoiling in stopping power are also discussed.
Alcohol in the Mediterranean diet

Alcohol consumption clearly reduces risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations throughout the world and may contribute to lower rates of CVD among residents of Mediterranean countries. In addition, overall mortality rates are generally slightly lower among moderate drinkers than among abstainers. However, several studies have linked alcohol consumption (even amounts equivalent to two drinks daily) to increased rates for certain cancers, especially breast cancer in women. A Mediterranean diet, which is high in fruit, vegetables, and grains, also typically includes one to two drinks per day. Whether one to two drinks adversely affect cancer incidence in the presence of a Mediterranean diet has not been fully explored. With the evidence currently available, we conclude that alcohol, when consumed responsibly in most populations, is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and a component of a healthy lifestyle.
Childhood bullying and social dilemmas.

Children who witness bullying often do not defend victims. Bystanders might be reticent to intervene because they are stuck in "social dilemmas." Social dilemmas are situations in which individuals make decisions based on self-interest due to their lack of confidence that others will join with them in decisions that benefit the collective. In this study, the social dilemmas concept, which comes from game theory and social psychology, was applied to bullying for the first time. A total of 292 middle school students at a private residential school in the United States completed surveys about their bullying-related experiences within their residences of 10 to 12 students of the same gender. Multilevel modeling was employed to assess if and how attitudes, group norms, and social dilemmas predict behavior in bullying situations. The findings suggested that both individual and group factors were associated with behavior in bullying situations and that attitudes, group norms, and social dilemmas each made a unique contribution to predicting behavior in bullying situations. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2014. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
The saccadic and neurological deficits in type 3 Gaucher disease.

Our objective was to characterize the saccadic eye movements in patients with type 3 Gaucher disease (chronic neuronopathic) in relationship to neurological and neurophysiological abnormalities. For approximately 4 years, we prospectively followed a cohort of 15 patients with Gaucher type 3, ages 8–28 years, by measuring saccadic eye movements using the scleral search coil method. We found that patients with type 3 Gaucher disease had a significantly higher regression slope of duration vs amplitude and peak duration vs amplitude compared to healthy controls for both horizontal and vertical saccades. Saccadic latency was significantly increased for horizontal saccades only. Downward saccades were more affected than upward saccades. Saccade abnormalities increased over time in some patients reflecting the slowly progressive nature of the disease. Phase plane plots showed individually characteristic patterns of abnormal saccade trajectories. Oculo-manual dexterity scores on the Purdue Pegboard test were low in virtually all patients, even in those with normal cognitive function. Vertical saccade peak duration vs amplitude slope significantly correlated with IQ and with the performance on the Purdue Pegboard but not with the brainstem and somatosensory evoked potentials. We conclude that, in patients with Gaucher disease type 3, saccadic eye movements and oculo-manual dexterity are representative neurological functions for longitudinal studies and can probably be used as endpoints for therapeutic clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00001289
Economics of soybean biotechnology in the livestock industry

Abstract Using a linear programming model, this study evaluates the effects of commercializing new biotech-soybean varieties on the livestock producers' feed costs and formulations. Major findings include: (1) development of new alternative soybeans would benefit poultry meat producers more than egg and pig meat producers; (2) new soybean meals would save more feed costs in starter diets than in either grower or finisher diets; and (3) economic advantages of new soybean meals were highly sensitive to the availability of alternative protein sources but less sensitive to changes in ingredient prices.
Trilobite taphonomy and middle Devonian taphofacies

Detailed study of Middle Devonian trilobites from New York State indicates that taphonomic attributes are distributed nonrandomly among the strata and therefore may be used to characterize different taphofacies (i. e., facies defined on the basis of diagnostic taphonomic traits). Environments near normal wave base are represented by bioclastic deposits in which sclerites are disarticulated and fragmented, and display hydrodynamically stable postures (Taphofacies 1). Slightly deeper water environments, characterized by high sedimentation rates and pervasive deep bioturbation, generated assemblages of dominantly disarticulated remains with isolated occurrences of articulated trilobite remains (Taphofacies 2). Shelly concentrations form thin but prominent layers that alternate with barren mudstone interbeds (Taphofacies 3). Facies 3A is characterized by scavenger disarticulation and an abundance of articulated remains (sediment starvation). Facies 3B displays disarticulated remains in hydrodynamically stable postures and a general absence of articulated remains (sediment bypass). The most distal (deep-water) environments are represented by assemblages dominated by articulated trilobite remains (Taphofacies 4). Differences in the taphonomy of articulated remains may be related to inferred sedimentation rates as follows: Taphofacies 4A assemblages are characterized by a predominance of moult remains (commonly as intact ensembles) and display evidence for low rates of sedimentation. Taphofacies 4B assemblages indicate moderate rates of background sedimentation and yield abundant enrolled trilobites, typically associated with syngenetic pyrite. Taphofacies 4C reflects high rates of sedimentation; articulated remains are relatively common, but skeletal concentration is minimal. Taphonomic features provide criteria by which relative rates of sedimentation and bathymety may be inferred. The taphofacies concept, therefore, constitutes a useful tool in the recognition and understanding of environmental processes and products.
Multiconstrained variational problems in magnetohydrodynamics: equilibrium and slow evolution

A computational method is proposed for solving magnetohydrodynamical equilibrium problems with prescribed flux and mass within the magnetic surfaces that foliate the plasma. Such problems arise in tokamak modeling, for instance, where they determine either equilibria with given adiabatic profiles or slowly evolving quasi-equilibria governed by the Grad-Hogan equations. The classical variational principles of Kruskal and Kulsrud and Woltjer, which express these problems in terms of energy minimization subject to infinite families of nonlinear, nonlocal constraints, are taken as the basis for a direct method of solution. A natural discretization of the classical constraint families is devised, and an iterative algorithm is developed to solve the resulting optimization problems. A convergence theory for the algorithm is established, and an effective numerical implementation of the method is presented for flux-conserving tokamak equilibria. Some computed examples involving plasma heating and adiabatic compression are described.
An Exercise Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors With Bone Loss

Purpose: (a) to determine if 110 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (BCS) with bone loss who participated in 24 months of strength and weight training (ST) exercises had improved muscle strength and balance and had fewer falls compared to BCS who did not exercise; and (b) to describe type and frequency of ST exercises; adverse effects of exercises; and participants’ adherence to exercises at home, at fitness centers, and at 36-month follow up. Design: Findings reported are from a federally funded multicomponent intervention study of 223 postmenopausal BCS with either osteopenia or osteoporosis who were randomly assigned to an exercise (n=110) or comparison (n=113) group. Methods: Time points for testing outcomes were baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months into intervention. Muscle strength was tested using Biodex Velocity Spectrum Evaluation, and dynamic balance using Timed Backward Tandem Walk. Adherence to exercises was measured using self-report of number of prescribed sessions attended and participants’ reports of falls. Findings: Mean adherence over 24 months was 69.4%. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses, compared to participants not exercising, participants who exercised for 24 months had significantly improved hip flexion (p=0.011), hip extension (p=0.0006), knee flexion (p<0.0001, knee extension (p=0.0018), wrist flexion (p=0.031), and balance (p=0.010). Gains in muscle strength were 9.5% and 28.5% for hip flexion and extension, 50.0% and 19.4% for wrist flexion and extension, and 21.1% and 11.6% for knee flexion and extension. Balance improved by 39.4%. Women who exercised had fewer falls, but difference in number of falls between the two groups was not significant. Conclusions: Many postmenopausal BCS with bone loss can adhere to a 24 month ST exercise intervention, and exercises can result in meaningful gains in muscle strength and balance. Clinical Relevance: More studies are needed for examining relationships between muscle strength and balance in postmenopausal BCS with bone loss and their incidence of falls and fractures.
Bioactivity landscape modeling: Chemoinformatic characterization of structure–activity relationships of compounds tested across multiple targets

Characterizing structure-activity relationships (SAR) of sets of compounds screened across different targets is crucial in several drug discovery endeavors. To this end, chemoinformatic approaches are emerging to characterize SARs using the concept of multi-target activity landscapes. Herein, we present the Structure multiple Activity Similarity (SmAS) maps and the Structure multiple Activity Landscape Index (SmALI) as general approaches to navigate through and quantify the most informative regions of multi-target activity landscapes. These methods are extensions of SAS maps and SALI metric used for single targets. To illustrate the use of these methods, SmAS maps and SmALI values were employed for characterizing the SAR of three benchmark sets of compounds screened with different target families. As a follow up of our work, we employed four 2D and 3D structure representations to obtain consensus models for each data set. For the three data sets, we identified pairs of compounds with high structure similarity but very different bioactivity profile across the corresponding targets of each family that is, multi-target activity cliffs. Also, we identified pairs of compounds with low structure similarity but similar bioactivity profile across the different targets that is, multi-target scaffold hops. The consensus SmAS maps and mean SmALI metric are complementary chemoinformatic tools to systematically describe multi-target activity landscapes.
Alkaline deoxygenated graphene oxide for supercapacitor applications: An effective green alternative for chemically reduced graphene

Abstract Graphene is a promising electrode material for energy storage applications. The most successful method for preparing graphene from graphite involves the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide (GO) and reduction back to graphene. Even though different chemical and thermal methods have been developed to reduce GO to graphene, the use of less toxic materials to generate graphene still remains a challenge. In this study we developed a facile one-pot synthesis of deoxygenated graphene (hGO) via alkaline hydrothermal process, which exhibits similar properties to the graphene obtained via hydrazine reduction (i.e. the same degree of deoxygenation found in hydrazine reduced GO). Moreover, the hGO formed freestanding, binder-free paper electrodes for supercapacitors. Coin cell type (CR2032) symmetric supercapacitors were assembled using the hGO electrodes. Electrochemical characterization of hGO was carried out using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and ethylmethylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) electrolytes. The results for the hGO electrodes were compared with the hydrazine reduced GO (rGO) electrode. The hGO electrode exhibits a energy density of 20 W h kg −1 and 50 W h kg −1 in LiTFSI and EMITFSI respectively, while delivering a maximum power density of 11 kW kg −1 and 14.7 kW kg −1 in LiTFSI and EMITFSI, respectively.
Diode-pumped 214.8-nm Nd:YAG/Cr 4+ :YAG microchip laser system for the detection of NO

A passively Q-switched 214.8-nm Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser system for the detection of NO was designed, constructed, and tested. The system uses the fifth harmonic of the 1.074-µm transition in Nd:YAG to detect NO by laser-induced fluorescence. A significant challenge was the development of an environmentally stable coating to provide the necessary discrimination between the 1.074-µm laser line and the stronger transition at 1.064 µm. The exact position of the fifth-harmonic frequency was determined by use of NO fluorescence excitation spectra to be 46556 ± 1.5 cm-1. With a pulse energy of approximately 50 nJ of fifth-harmonic light, we observed a detection sensitivity for NO of approximately 15 parts per billion by volume in a simple, compact optical system.
Successful sulfonylurea treatment of an insulin-naïve neonate with diabetes mellitus due to a KCNJ11 mutation.

Activating mutations in the K(ATP)-channel cause neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), and patients have been safely transitioned from insulin to sulfonylureas. We report a male infant with permanent NDM (PNDM), born to a PNDM mother. Blood glucose began to rise on day of life (DOL) 2, and sulfonylurea (glyburide) therapy was initiated on DOL 5. Glucose was subsequently well controlled and normal at 3 months. A K(ATP) mutation (R201H; KCNJ11) was detected in the infant, the mother, and 6-yr-old sister with PNDM; both were also subsequently transitioned off insulin onto glyburide. To our knowledge, this is the youngest NDM patient to receive oral glyburide and, importantly, the only one deliberately initiated on sulfonylureas. Strikingly, the current dose (0.017 mg/kg/d) is below the reported therapeutic range and approximately 75-fold lower than doses required by the affected sister and mother. Pancreatic insulin disappears in an animal model of K(ATP)-induced NDM, unless glycemia is well controlled, thus, a dramatically lower glyburide requirement in the infant may reflect preserved insulin content because of early sulfonylurea intervention. Safe and effective initiation of glyburide in an insulin-naive neonatal patient with K(ATP)-dependent PNDM argues for early detection and sulfonylurea intervention.
Diverse Regulatory Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activation by the Proteasome Complex

The life of any protein within a cell begins with transcriptional activation, and ends with proteolytic degradation. Intriguingly, the 26S proteasome complex, a non-lysosomal protein degradation machine comprising the 20S proteolytic core and 19S regulatory particles, has been implicated in intimate regulation of eukaryotic transcriptional activation through diverse mechanisms in a proteolysis-dependent as well as independent manner. Here, we discuss the intricate mechanisms of such proteasomal regulation of eukaryotic gene activation via multiple pathways.
Comparative phototoxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO to a free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: the importance of illumination mode and primary particle size.

The present study evaluated phototoxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO and bulk-ZnO under natural sunlight (NSL) versus ambient artificial laboratory light (AALL) illumination to a free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Phototoxicity of nano-ZnO and bulk-ZnO was largely dependent on illumination method as 2-h exposure under NSL caused significantly greater mortality in C. elegans than under AALL. This phototoxicity was closely related to photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the ZnO particles as indicated by concomitant methylene blue photodegradation. Both materials caused mortality in C. elegans under AALL during 24-h exposure although neither degraded methylene blue, suggesting mechanisms of toxicity other than photocatalytic ROS generation were involved. Particle dissolution of ZnO did not appear to play an important role in the toxicity observed in this study. Nano-ZnO showed greater phototoxicity than bulk-ZnO despite their similar size of aggregates, suggesting primary particle size is more important than aggregate size in determining phototoxicity.