cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Many-Electron Wavefunctions

Although the old quantum theory of Niels Bohr had great success in the interpretation of the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, it did not provide an adequate framework for the interpretation of the complex spectra of the many-electron atoms and molecules. Nevertheless the old theory had many clever proponents, who with a series of particularly shrewd guesses nailed down the structure of the periodic table and the theory of line spectra some time before the new wave mechanics. Notable was the exclusion principle of Pauli, which included a fourth quantum number in addition to the three which are associated with the orbital motion of each electron [4.1]. This was the key to explaining why there are two electrons in an s shell, 6 in p shell, etc., and toward a correct theory of the building-up principle of the periodic table. Almost immediately thereafter, Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit [4.2] published their evidence that the fourth quantum number referred to the spin of the electron, a concept that helped clarify much of the subsequent thinking on the subject. Indeed so much was understood on the basis of the old theory alone, that it might even appear that the 1926 theories of Schrodinger and Heisenberg, far from solving old problems, only raised new difficulties. The reason is that it proved so awkward and difficult to introduce spin into the new quantum mechanics.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Decision Aids to Improve Decision Making for Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background. The decision-making process for women considering breast reconstruction following mastectomy is complex. Research suggests that fewer than half of women undergoing mastectomy have adequ...
Multi-glass investigation of Stage III glass dissolution behavior from 22 to 90 °C triggered by the addition of zeolite phases

Abstract The corrosion of glass waste forms for nuclear waste immobilization is a key metric of their performance. Stage III behavior, the delayed acceleration of glass corrosion, remains the aspect of glass corrosion behavior potentially most impactful to long-term performance. Using the addition of various zeolite phases to trigger this effect, the properties of Stage III behavior were evaluated for three high-level waste glass compositions: SRL-202A, SON68, and AFCI. We show that Stage III behavior can occur at temperatures as low as 22 °C, with rate acceleration observed at 90 °C and 70 °C for all studied glasses, and at 40 °C and 22 °C for two of the compositions (SRL-202A and SON68). Using an Arrhenius fit, the activation energy of the process was found to be highly variable, with values between 39 and 68 kJ⋅mol−1. Stage III behavior was triggered for each of the glasses studied by the addition of each of the four zeolites studied (i.e., Na-P1, Na-P2, analcime, and chabazite). The rates of alteration during Stage III varied very little, from 0.0058 to 0.023 g⋅m−2⋅d−1 for the accelerated region immediately following zeolite addition. The acceleration was found to be transient, with the alteration rate decreasing and then accelerating again as the experiments proceeded. The solution composition was evaluated using the strong base/weak acid discriminator developed by Jantzen et al. and it was found that the addition of zeolites can overcome slightly non-optimal solution conditions for zeolite formation to trigger Stage III behavior.
Contracting for Personal Data

Is contracting for the collection, use, and transfer of data like contracting for the sale of a horse or a car or licensing a piece of software? Many are concerned that conventional principles of contract law are inadequate when some consumers may not know or misperceive the full consequences of their transactions. Such concerns have led to proposals for reform that deviate significantly from general rules of contract law. However, the merits of these proposals rest in part on testable empirical claims. We explore some of these claims using a hand-collected data set of privacy policies that dictate the terms of the collection, use, transfer, and security of personal data. We explore the extent to which those terms differ across markets before and after the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We find that compliance with the GDPR varies across markets in intuitive ways, indicating that firms take advantage of the flexibility offered by a contractual approach even when they must also comply with mandatory rules. We also compare terms offered to more and less sophisticated subjects to see whether firms may exploit information barriers by offering less favorable terms to more vulnerable subjects.
Considerations for Road Race Medical Staff

As road races are typically warm weather events, runners are at risk for heat-related illnesses, including exertional heat stroke. On-site medical care provides timely treatment to afflicted runners as well as help to prevent overwhelming community emergency medical services. This chapter will discuss the organization of a medical team including staffing needs based on the event’s number of participants and environmental conditions, specific protocols and procedures used to treat casualties, how adverse conditions may alter these plans, and the supplies needed for on-site health care at mass participation events. Using the Falmouth Road Race as a model, this chapter will serve as a guide for road race medical staff to plan for future events or to enhance existing medical care plans. It will also discuss how pre-race runner education may decrease casualties at large-scale events, an underutilized resource to optimize runners’ safety as a part of the medical care plan.
Protecting the kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus: from diagnosis to therapy.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus that can lead to irreversible renal impairment. Although the prognosis of LN has improved substantially over the past 50 years, outcomes have plateaued in the USA in the past 20 years as immunosuppressive therapies have failed to reverse disease in more than half of treated patients. This failure might reflect disease complexity and heterogeneity, as well as social and economic barriers to health-care access that can delay intervention until after damage has already occurred. LN progression is still poorly understood and involves multiple cell types and both immune and non-immune mechanisms. Single-cell analysis of intrinsic renal cells and infiltrating cells from patients with LN is a new approach that will help to define the pathways of renal injury at a cellular level. Although many new immune-modulating therapies are being tested in the clinic, the development of therapies to improve regeneration of the injured kidney and to prevent fibrosis requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of LN progression. This mechanistic understanding, together with the development of clinical measures to evaluate risk and detect early disease and better access to expert health-care providers, should improve outcomes for patients with LN. Lupus nephritis is a serious and currently irreversible complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that is a leading cause of mortality. New biomarkers and therapies are being developed to improve the monitoring and treatment of this disease.
Single Cell Profiling Identifies Novel B Cell Populations That Drive Chronic Rejection after Lung Transplantation

Purpose Despite immunosuppressive T cell-targeting therapies, the survival rate after LTx remains as low as 50% after 5 years, mainly due to the development of BOS. The T cell centric paradigm is being increasingly challenged in solid organ transplantation. We recently demonstrated in a new mouse model of lymphocytic bronchiolitis (LB) after orthotopic LTx that B cells played a central role in the development of BOS. Alarming experiences from the past strongly suggest that a systemic B cell depletion must be considered with caution if at all. We hypothesized that a subclassification of B cells based on their individual expression profiles in rejecting versus non-rejecting murine lung grafts can provide insights into which B cell subset should be specifically targeted in priority to prevent lung graft rejection. Methods C57BL/6J mice received C57BL/6J (non-rejecting group) or HLA-A2 knock-in (LB group) lung grafts by an orthotopic LTx surgery. One month later, single cell suspensions of lung grafts were submitted to single cell RNA-sequencing. Results An unsupervised clustering generated an atlas of 15 cell clusters. While the general distribution of cells amongst the different clusters was homogenous between the two groups, major quantitative shifts were observed. As such, classical monocyte, leukocyte and T cell numbers were increased respectively by 3.93-, 2.78- and 2.27-fold in the LB grafts. B cells, identified based on the expression of Cd79a, Cd79b and Ig genes, were further subdivided into 7 clusters. Clusters 0 and 2 were respectively enriched by 4.12- and 2.92-fold in the grafts that developed LB versus syngeneic lung grafts, while clusters 3 and 4 were overrepresented by 5.21- and 6.78-fold in the absence of LB. Markers for cluster 0 appeared redundant with other clusters, making it difficult to consider for further investigations. Cluster 2 displayed the expression of genes involved either in B cell activation, or differentiation into plasma cells, or regulatory/inhibitory roles, or a combination of the functions above depending on the context. Conclusion Since the set of markers defining cluster 2 does not clearly relate to any described B cell subtype, we plan to functionally investigate these cells by classical immunology approaches (mixed lymphocyte reaction and ex vivo antibody production).
AN APPROACH TO DIRECT STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

Power system stability analysis is usually performed in a deterministic framework in which the time domain response of the power system is studied for certain specific disturbances to determine the adequacy of the system. However, the occurrence of disturbances and their attendant protective switching sequences are random processes and it would be more meaningful to determine the probability of stability for a power system. An approach for such a determination is presented in this paper. The probability of steady state stability is relatively easier to determine because of the linearization of the system equations. The probability of transient stability, on the other hand, is much more difficult to obtain analytically because of the nonlinear transformations required.
Nutrient restriction, inducer of yeast meiosis, induces meiotic initiation in mammals

ABSTRACT From yeasts to mammals, the molecular machinery and chromosome structures carrying out meiosis are frequently conserved. However, the signal to initiate meiosis appears divergent: while nutrient restriction induces meiosis in the yeast system, retinoic acid (RA), a chordate morphogen, is necessary but not sufficient to induce meiotic initiation in mammalian germ cells via its target, Stra8. Here, using cultured mouse male germline stem cells without the support of gonadal somatic cells, we show that nutrient restriction in combination with RA robustly induces Spo11-dependent meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and Stra8-dependent meiotic gene programs recapitulating those of early meiosis in vivo. Moreover, a distinct network of 11 nutrient restriction-upregulated transcription factor genes was identified, whose expression does not require RA and is associated with early meiosis in vivo. Thus, our study proposes a conserved model, in which nutrient restriction induces meiotic initiation by upregulating transcriptional factors for meiotic gene programs, and provides an in vitro platform to derive haploid gametes in culture. One Sentence Summary nutrient restriction synergizes with retinoic acid to induce mammalian meiotic initiation
Evaluating an inpatient deprescribing initiative at a rural community hospital in Ontario.

Background:Deprescribing is an effective means to reduce polypharmacy in elderly patients. However, geriatric day care deprescribing services are challenging to implement in rural regions. In this ...
Reexamining Rates of Decline in Lung Cancer Risk after Smoking Cessation. A Meta-analysis

Rationale: Prior studies have questioned whether prevailing eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening are sufficiently inclusive of former smokers who remain at elevated risk of disease outside current screening windows.Objectives: To characterize the percentage of the reducible relative risk (RR) remaining for lung cancer as a function of years since quitting (YSQ).Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from January 2011 to May 2018; key search terms included "smoking" and "cancer." Current smoker RRs were extracted to represent former smokers at 0 YSQ; data were transformed assuming a lognormal distribution.Results: The main review included 49 prospective cohorts across 18 studies comprising a total of 139 RRs from 20 countries and territories. At 1 year since quitting, the percentage of reducible RR remaining for lung cancer was 81.4% (64.1-98.2%). At 5 YSQ, the percentage of reducible RR remaining was 57.2% (45.7-67.3%); at 10 years, it was 36.9% (28.3-47.9%); at 15 years, it was 26.7% (20.2-34.3%); and at 20 years, it was 19.7% (13.3-26.4%). If eligibility criteria in the United States were broadened to screen former smokers at up to 20 YSQ, we estimate an additional 4.2 (3.9-4.5) million former smokers between 55 and 80 years of age would be eligible for lung cancer screening.Conclusions: At the critical screening threshold of 15 YSQ, the percentage of excess risk for lung cancer remains high and only marginally declines at time points afterward, excluding millions of former smokers who remain at elevated risk of malignancy. A risk-based algorithm for lung cancer screening that deemphasizes time after cessation as a key screening determinant would more likely capture these former smokers who remain at elevated risk of malignancy.
Impact of acid site speciation and spatial gradients on zeolite catalysis

Abstract This mini-review provides an overview of the current state of acid site control in zeolite catalysts, including methods of synthesis, advanced characterization, and measured effects of acid properties (speciation, concentration, proximity, siting, and spatial distribution) on a variety of commercially-relevant reactions. The diversity of aluminum species is described with respect to their location at specific sites in zeolite crystals as well as mesoscopic gradients in elemental composition that give rise to zoned or core-shell architectures. Challenges in the identification of acid siting are highlighted within the context of trial-and-error synthesis methods for a range of aluminosilicate frameworks, which hinder a priori design of catalysts, and limitations in techniques to suitably characterize active sites. Emphasis is also placed on knowledge gaps in zeolite catalysis wherein broad development of structure-performance relationships relies on future advancement of synthesis and analytical methods in parallel with atomistic modeling.
Video chat usage and the Big Five in women during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract As the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an exchange of face-to-face interactions for virtual meetings across many circumstances, research is needed to understand how individuals differentially respond to the increase in video chatting. The current study evaluated how the Big Five traits were associated with video chat usage, such as use of video chat services prior to and following the beginning of the pandemic, contexts in which participants used these services (i.e. social, family, work/school), and whether people engaged in appearance comparison when video chatting. Participants were recruited through Prolific and responded to a cross-sectional online survey (n = 438; Mage = 31.3; 100% women) assessing video chat usage and the Big Five personality traits. Higher extraversion was associated with greater video chat usage prior to and following the beginning of the pandemic, while neuroticism predicted more frequent video chat appearance comparisons when accounting for age and the other Big Five traits. Findings are discussed regarding the implications of these associations, as well as future research opportunities to extend current findings.
Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Furosemid Continuous Infusion Dosis 10 dan 20 Mg/Jam pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Kondisi Fluid Overload Syndrome Disertai Hipoalbumin di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie

Furosemid continuous infusion merupakan obat pilihan pertama dalam mengatasi kondisi Fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK). Namun pada kondisi tersebut, dosis furosemid yang digunakan oleh para klinisi yakni antara 10 dan 20 mg/jam. Belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan efektivitas dan keamanan furosemid dosis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan furosemid dosis 10 dan 20 mg/jam yang diberikan secara continuous infusion pada pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin. Metode penelitian Single blind, Randomized Clinical Trial yang dilakukan selama periode bulan Februari-April 2017 di ruang rawat inap RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji analisis statistik yaitu uji parametrik Two Independent T Test untuk data yang terdistribusi normal dan yang tidak saling berkolerasi, sedangkan untuk data yang terdistribusi tidak normal dan yang tidak saling berkolerasi maka digunakan uji non-parametrik Mann Whitney dan Kruskal Willis . Outcome yang diteliti adalah volume urin tampung 24 jam, sesak napas, lama pemakaian oksigen, ronkhi dan keamanan terapi yang dilihat dari efek samping obat (hipotensi, hiperuricemia, hiperglikemia, hiponatremia, hipokalemia). Hasil penelitian, sebanyak 34 pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin (2,5-3,0 g/dL) telah didaftarkan. Pada efektivitas terapi, tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan pada volume urin tampung 24 jam (P=0,324; P>0,05; 95% CI=714,6-1017,8 ml kelompok 1; CI=818,0-1113,2 ml kelompok 2), sesak napas (P=0,781; P>0,05; 95% CI=0,68-1,32 kelompok 1; CI=0,72-1,40 kelompok 2), lama pemakaian oksigen (P=0,363; P>0,05; 95% CI=1,34-2,66 hari kelompok 1; CI=1,72-3,10 hari kelompok 2), ronkhi (P=0,692; P>0,05) dan tidak adanya kejadian efek samping obat (P=1,000; P>0,05) antara dua kelompok tersebut. Kesimpulan, furosemid dosis 10 dan 20 mg/jam memiliki efektivitas terapi yang sama dan furosemid memiliki kemanan terapi yang baik pada pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbuminemia.
Is Protesting Synonymous with Racketeering? Rico's Expansive Reach Post-Now V. Scheidler

This article examines how the Supreme Court’s decision in National Organization for Women v. Scheidler—which held that, under the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, a racketeering enterprise does not need to have an economic motive to violate the Act—has the potential to allow protest activity to be classified as a predicate act. This issue presents a clash between white collar crime and Constitutional protections that remains timely today as there has been a call in the last year for RICO charges to be brought against protesters involved with Black Lives Matter (BLM) and Antifa. This article recommends that protest activity should be clearly defined as not being a predicate offense under the RICO Act unless and until the activity crosses a predetermined threshold where the conduct can no longer be protected by the First Amendment.
Outcomes of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols Versus Conventional Management in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways focus on decreasing surgical stress and promoting return to normal function for patients undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of our s...
Effect of TPE vs medical management on patient outcomes in the setting of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis with severely elevated triglycerides.

OBJECTIVES Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) accounts for 1 to 10% of pancreatitis cases, and is associated with a more severe clinical course. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a potential treatment option for quickly lowering plasma triglycerides (TG). Current ASFA guidelines define HTG-AP as a Category III disorder, indicating the role of apheresis is not firmly established. Here, we examine clinical data regarding its effectiveness on morbidity and mortality in patients with HTG-AP presenting with severely elevated plasma triglycerides (>4000 mg/dl). METHODS We retrospectively examined clinical data and outcomes from 67 consecutive episodes of HTG-AP over a 5-year period in which either medical management alone or medical management plus adjunct TPE was employed to reduce plasma triglycerides. RESULTS 16/67 admissions involved TPE, initiated at a mean of 0.7 days from the time of presentation, while 51 received medical management alone. After only one TPE procedure, the mean TG values decreased from 4103 to 1045 mg/dl (a reduction of 74.7%), and those receiving TPE reached plasma TG < 1000 mg/dl 0.99 days faster than the medical group. One patient in the TPE group died. However, when excluding patients with hospital courses complicated by multiple organ dysfunction, there was no significant difference in mortality or hospital length of stay (LOS) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In uncomplicated cases of HTG-AP with an absence of multiorgan dysfunction, there is no significant benefit to either mortality or LOS when adding adjunct TPE to medical management, even when patients present with severely elevated levels of TG.
Disease problems in cattle associated with rations containing high levels of iodide

This report describes four field cases in beef and/or dairy cattle in which it appears that feeding of organic iodine interfered with the animals' ability to cope with an infectious or non-infectious insult under situations of additional stress, e.g., transportation, inclement weather, high milk production or parturition. The role that iodine may have in causing the observations will also be discussed and hypotheses for mechanism of action will be offered.
‘It’s just how we articulate the Blackness in us’: African American teachers, Black students, and African American Language

This study investigates the role of African American Language (AAL) and *Standardized American English (*SAE) in Black/African American same-race teacher-student relationships. The teachers in this...
Embedded Neuromorphic Architecture for Form + Function 4-D Printing of Robotic Materials: Emulation of Optimized Neurons

This paper describes the optimization of a neuromorphic architecture for printable organic neurons as part of an ongoing project to develop Form + Function 4-D Printing. The previously proposed architecture prioritizes simplicity and massive redundancy for a printable analog neural network consisting of only one transistor plus memristors for synapses, per neuron, but sacrifices negative synaptic weights. This paper demonstrates an optimization technique to minimize the insertion of inverting amplifiers to realize a minimal approximating set of negative weights. This helps to develop a compact, printable and accurate neuromorphic computer to bring new function to the 3-D printing of form in multi-functional robotic materials. An example robotic skin is developed with the ability to compute the centroid of touch "compiled into the skin" to an average accuracy of 9.19% in comparison to an unconstrained Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The presented soft robotic skin is fabricated by hand using conventional silicon components, but serves as a proof-of-concept for radical new capabilities in Form + Function 4-D Printing.
Biomechanical Advances in Total Hip Replacement

Cemented hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful procedures of modern surgery. However, attempts to extend this procedure to younger and more active individuals using cemented or cementless methods of fixation have met with mixed success. Cementless procedures still have an unacceptable incidence of pain and limp at follow-up. These symptoms appear to be related to the presence of localized areas of instability of the stem/bone interface secondary to inadequate proximal or distal fixation. In addition, an alarming complication of some cementless prostheses is focal osteolysis which appears to arise from a foreign body reaction to particulate debris generated by motion between the implant and bone. Continuing advances in cementless arthroplasty will arise from a systematic approach to implant design leading to more anatomic stems, greater integration of implants and instruments, and increased attention to the impact of surgical technique on implant/bone fit and the stability of cementless fixation.
Quantum error reduction without coding

There are an infinite number of ways to represent a classical bit with a quantum state. By taking advantage of this fact, one can develop methods for reducing error rates in computation, communication and sensing that do not require the use of quantum codes. But how well do they work? In this paper, we give results that can be used to quantify the improvement offered by such methods.
Thin Filament Control of Uterine Smooth Muscle

The contractile apparatus of uterine smooth muscle consists of thick (myosin) filaments and thin (actin-based) filaments. There has been little ultrastructural work published on uterine smooth muscle; but such as has been done1 (see Chapter 1) suggests the thick and thin filaments are arranged in overlapping arrays in much the same way as in other smooth muscles2 and that contraction is produced by the same myosin cross-bridge mechanism.3
Lumenless pacing leads: performance and extraction in pediatrics and congenital heart disease.

Background Pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients requiring permanent pacing present unique challenges, including need for long duration of implant, small size, and structural abnormalities. We report 6 years of experience with a novel 4.1-Fr lumenless pacing lead (model 3830, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) in this population. Methods Retrospective review of M3830 leads implanted at a pediatric center from 2005 to 2011. Data were compared to a population with a conventional pacing lead (model 1488, St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA). Results A total of 193 patients with 198 model 3830 leads (125 atrial, 73 ventricular) were enrolled. CHD was present in 121 (63%). Age and weight at implant were 16.6 ± 8.5 years and 51.7 ± 23.5 kg, respectively. Length of follow-up was 26 ± 19 months (range 0–73). At implant, mean sensing and capture thresholds were good and remained stable over time. There were no significant differences in electrical performance compared to 101 leads in the comparison group. Implant complications were rare. Follow-up complications occurred in 4% of the M3830 leads and 16% of M1488 leads. Eleven M3830 leads required extraction. All were extracted without complications using only manual traction. There were three deaths in each group. One death in the M1488 group occurred during lead extraction. No other deaths were lead related. Conclusion During up to 6 years of use in pediatric and CHD patients, the M3830 lead has demonstrated excellent efficacy, a low rate of complications, and straightforward extractability relative to traditional pacing leads.
Effect of dementia and treatment of dementia on time to discharge from assisted living facilities: the Maryland assisted living study.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between dementia and time to discharge from individual assisted living (AL) facilities and examine, in residents with dementia, factors associated with shorter duration of residence in individual AL facilities. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-two AL facilities in central Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: Stratified random sample of 198 AL residents followed for a median of 18 months. MEASUREMENTS: Detailed assessments to diagnose dementia; assess treatment of dementia; and rate clinical; cognitive, functional, and quality-of-life measures. RESULTS: Residents with dementia remained in a facility 209 fewer days at the median (P=.001) than residents without dementia. After adjustment for other variables, lack of treatment for dementia (P=.01) and more-serious medical comorbidity (P=.02) were associated with earlier discharge in participants with dementia. Impaired mobility and limited activity participation had weaker associations with earlier time to discharge. CONCLUSION: Dementia may accelerate time to discharge, and its treatment may attenuate this effect. The hypothesis that the detection and treatment of dementia might delay discharge from AL should be tested in randomized trials.
Evidence of Planetesimal infall on to the very young Herbig Be star LkH$_\alpha$234

We report here the first evidence for planetesimal infall onto the very young Herbig Be star LkH$_\alpha$234. These results are based on observations acquired over 31 days using spectroscopy of the sodium D lines, the He I 5876\AA, and hydrogen H$_\alpha$ lines. We find Redshifted Absorption Components (RAC) with velocities up to 200 km/s and very mild Blueshifted Absorption Components (BEC) up to 100 km/s in the Na I lines. No correlation is observed between the appearance of the Na I RAC & BEC and the H$_\alpha$ and He I line variability, which suggests that these (Na I RAC & BEC) are formed in a process unrelated to the circumstellar gas accretion. We interpret the Na I RAC as evidence for an infalling evaporating body, greater than 100 km in diameter, which is able to survive at distances between 2.0 to 0.1 AU from the star. The dramatic appearance of the sodium RAC and mild BEC is readily explained by the dynamics of this infalling body making LkH$_\alpha$234 the youngest (age $\sim$ 0.1 Myr) system with evidence for the presence of planetesimals.
A new representation for higher-spin fields

We develop a new representation for higher-spin fields in terms of a field with several tensor indices, two of which are antisymmetric, and with one four-component spinor index for 1/2 odd integer spin cases. This field obeys extended Maxwell-like field equations which are linear if the mass is zero, but second order if the mass is nonzero. For the former case, these equations represent a viable alternative to the Rarita-Schwinger equations for 1/2 odd integer spin. Advantages are that integer and 1/2 odd integer spin fields obey very similar field equations and that these equations have a form which arises quite naturally in fiber bundle models of gauge theories.
Advocating for a Population-Specific Health Literacy for People With Visual Impairments

Health literacy, the ability to access, process, and understand health information, is enhanced by the visual senses among people who are typically sighted. Emotions, meaning, speed of knowledge transfer, level of attention, and degree of relevance are all manipulated by the visual design of health information when people can see. When consumers of health information are blind or visually impaired, they access, process, and understand their health information in a multitude of methods using a variety of accommodations depending upon their severity and type of impairment. They are taught, or they learn how, to accommodate their differences by using alternative sensory experiences and interpretations. In this article, we argue that due to the unique and powerful aspects of visual learning and due to the differences in knowledge creation when people are not visually oriented, health literacy must be considered a unique construct for people with visual impairment, which requires a distinctive theoretical basis for determining the impact of their mind-constructed representations of health.
Active filter solutions for utility interface of industrial loads

Active filters are an effective means for harmonic compensation of nonlinear power electronic loads, which is of particular importance as utilities enforce harmonic standards such as IEEE 519. Harmonic compensation is an extremely cost sensitive application since the value-added to the user is not apparent. This paper addresses the cost effectiveness of various active filter topologies for utility interface of industrial loads and their application. Pure active filter solutions and hybrid active filter solutions are both seen to have merit in realizing a harmonic free utility interface for industrial loads rated at 100 kW to 100 MW. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology, for both the industrial user and the utility, to match the optimal active filter solution to their application.
A polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 is not associated with an increase in breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study

Introduction Prostaglandins are integral components in the cellular response to inflammation, promoting cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. The enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins in response to inflammation is prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2/cyclo-oxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2). Polymorphisms in the PTGS2 gene have been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and cancer of the lung, colorectum, and breast.
Stability of Nanodiamond

Publisher Summary The theoretical and computational studies outlined in this chapter focus on the phase transitions among nanodiamond, graphitic, and fullerenic forms of nanocarbon. Computationally, these transitions are represented by quantum mechanical methods, and the transformations have been modeled using a variety of cluster geometries and sizes. The range indicates that outside this range, the nanodiamonds will be metastable with respect to a transformation to graphitic or fullerenic phases. The identification of a co-existence region indicates that the phase transitions are not entirely thermodynamically driven, and that other factors such as surface energies, surface stress and charge, and kinetic considerations, may be instrumental in inducing a change of phase. One property, fundamental to the stability of nanodiamond, is the degree of surface hydrogenation. A logical explanation is that although H-terminated nanodiamonds may be slightly higher in energy than their dehydrogenated counterparts, they are metastable below the hydrogen desorption temperature, and there will be no spontaneous hydrogen desorption, and recombination without a suitable driving force.
Strategies for successful U-Th dating of paleolake carbonates: An example from the Bolivian Altiplano

We report over 90 U-Th dates from carbonates deposited around paleolakes on the Bolivian Altiplano. Petrographic and chemical data for tufas and the siliciclastic detritus contained within them allow (1) assessment of possible diagenetic effects, (2) a development of a strategy for selection of carbonate samples with low initial Th contents, and (3) assessment of the uncertainty due to initial Th. This strategy allows us to produce precise U-Th dates from lacustrine carbonates. The principal consideration in dating such carbonates is the composition and quantity of initial Th incorporated into the carbonate, and additional uncertainty is introduced because this initial Th may have two sources in lacustrine deposits. Isochron plots, measured (230Th/232Th), and X-ray diffraction and trace element chemistry of silicic residues all favor regional soil and dust as the sole source of initial Th in carbonates from the Bolivian Altiplano, a situation that simplifies single-sample dating of Altiplano carbonates.
Income poverty, poverty co-factors, and the adjustment of children in elementary school.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses income poverty, cofactors, and adjustment of children in elementary school and the research that attempts to meet the challenge, focusing primarily on the longitudinal research program and on family level processes. It focuses on school adjustment in conceptualizing child outcomes because school is a principal context for development in middle childhood. The chapter applies the frame in developing empirical distinctions between income poverty and correlated family variables in relation to child adjustment, the relations between dynamic aspects of the poverty ecology and change in child behavior, and developmental effects associated with differences in the duration and timing of risk exposure. This chapter takes a more person centered approach in describing factors that distinguish groups of disadvantaged children exhibiting serious adjustment difficulties.
Optimizing Antibiotic Stewardship in Nursing Homes: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Improvement

The emerging crisis in antibiotic resistance and concern that we now sit on the precipice of a post-antibiotic era have given rise to advocacy at the highest levels for widespread adoption of programmes that promote judicious use of antibiotics. These antibiotic stewardship programmes, which seek to optimize antibiotic choice when clinically indicated and discourage antibiotic use when clinically unnecessary, are being implemented in an increasing number of acute care facilities, but their adoption has been slower in nursing homes. The antibiotic prescribing process in nursing homes is fundamentally different from that observed in hospital and clinic settings, with formidable challenges to implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship. Nevertheless, an emerging body of research points towards ways to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in nursing homes. This review summarizes the findings of this research and presents ways in which antibiotic stewardship can be implemented and optimized in the nursing home setting.
Serum globulin fractions as an index of hepatic dysfunction.

The clinical history and physical signs are not reliable or sensitive indices of the presence of hepatocellular damage, or of its progress when found. Thus the detection of parenchymatous liver disease and the study of a patient's progress when hepatic involvement has been detected have come to depend more upon the use of sensitive biochemical tests of liver function. To us, it seemed desirable to have a method of analyzing serum protein structure in liver disease in term of physiological variables rather than in terms of flocculation tests which reflect multiple factors. Electrophoretic analysis is entirely too cumbersome for general use. The older salt fractionation procedures, such as the Howe method, are grossly erroneous. However, we recently reported a rapid chemical fractionation method for the estimation of albumin and of the three major globulin fractions in serum, which is suitable for clinical use1• This procedure yields results which approximate those of electrophoretic analysis. The present study was carried out to determine whether, when this technique of serum protein fractionation was carried out under routine conditions on a group of patients with liver disease, we could detect characteristic abnormalities of protein patterns which might aid in detecting and following liver disease in such patients.
Tailoring mechanical response through coronal layer overlap in tethered micelle hydrogel networks

Tethered micelle hydrogel networks based on the solution assembly of amphiphilic ABA-type block copolymers are prevalent throughout the hydrogel literature. However, the mechanical response of such systems is often determined largely by the integrity of the micellar core produced during solution assembly, not by the elements of the network structure upon which it is based. Using a solvent-free fabrication method based on the melt-state self-assembly of sphere-forming polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SO) diblock and SOS triblock copolymers blends, we have been able to produce tethered micelle hydrogel networks with fully vitrified cores that enable the elements of the network structure to determine the mechanical response. Here, we explore the impact of using PEO midblocks of different lengths within the SOS tethers, in an effort to elucidate the role played by water content, tether concentration, and tether length in mechanical property determination. In doing so, we were able to establish coronal layer overlap as the primary contributing factor in regulating the dynamic elastic moduli exhibited by tethered micelle systems. Variation of either tether concentration or tether length could be used to tune the degree of coronal layer overlap, enabling direct and accurate control over hydrogel mechanical response. While such control is likely a unique feature of the melt-state fabrication approach applied here, the conclusions with respect to the role of coronal layer overlap and tether (bridging) concentration in determining the mechanical potential of the network should be applicable to all ABA-type tethered micelle systems, regardless of fabrication methodology.
Laminar separation of flow around symmetrical struts at zero angle of attack

Abstract This paper presents a recent rapid and accurate experimental technique for the separation of flow around a body surface and the comparison of experimental and analytical results on laminar separation point. The experimental method used is called the “dust method”. Dispersing fine dust in the separated region near the trailing edge, the separated region of any arbitrary shape of body could be determined. The experiment shows that the dimensionless chordwise location of the laminar separation point of symmetrical and two-dimensional flow is constant for geometrically similar but different size strut models and is also independent of Reynolds numbers in the region of laminar flow. The comparison of experimental and analytical data for the point of laminar separation of symmetrical and two-dimensional flow around a strut at zero angle of attack shows a good agreement.
The effects of water on processes of ceramic abrasion

The effect of wet and dry abrasive processes were studied experimentally in order to provide information relevant to studies of ceramic technofunction, use-wear, and non-cultural formation processes. Briquettes of different paste compositions (untempered, fine-sand tempered, coarse-sand tempered) were subjected to tumbling tests using sand, pea gravel, and large gravel abraders in wet and dry modes. Abrasion resistance was indicated by weight loss after 4 h of tumbling; micro- and macroscopic differences in the traces of various abrasive processes were also documented. In every case, wet conditions cause an increase in the rate of abrasion. Explanations are offered for the observed patterns and some implications are drawn for archaeological studies.
New Approaches for Bound and Scattering States

Since its inception, the field of few-nucleon physics has been driven by the desire to obtain accurate solutions of the Schrodinger equation for physically interesting problems. These problems include the bound and scattering states of Hamiltonians which contain “realistic” potentials. This quest has been considered so important and so difficult that a major component of our field has devoted itself as much to methods of solution as to the physics inherent in the problems. Lack of convergence of different methods in the past had many different causes, but the result was an inability to extract that physics.
Chemically assisted ion beam etching process for high quality laser mirrors

Abstract A process for the fabrication of mirror facets for AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes is described. The major requirements for the fabrication of high quality mirrors have been fulfilled by using Cl 2 /Ar chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) and a new multilayer mask structure that produces the smoothest facets. The fabricated AlGaAs/GaAs SQW-GRIN-SCH lasers with etched mirrors show characteristics similar to those of lasers with cleaved mirrors on the same substrate. Results of on-wafer testing of laser threshold uniformity by means of monitor diodes indicate the potential of the process for laser integration and full wafer fabrication and testing.
Characterization of the Escherichia coli gene for serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

Abstract Plasmid pGSl carries the Escherichia coli glyA gene and its neighboring regions on a 13-kb Eco RI insert. In a cell-free transcription-translation system, the insert directs the synthesis of two polypeptides with M r values of about 46500 and 45500. When the glyA gene is inactivated with the transposable element Tn5, the M r 46 500 polypeptide is not observed, identifying it as the glyA gene product. The M r 45 500 polypeptide is the product of an unknown gene designated gene X . When plasmids with random insertions of the Tn5 element in either the glyA gene or gene X are used as templates in the cell-free transcription-translation system, the polypeptides observed are smaller than the glyA or X gene products. A comparison of the site of each Tn5 insertion within the glyA gene or within gene X and the size of the polypeptide observed in the cell-free system enabled us to determine the direction of transcription and translation of both genes. The glyA gene is transcribed and translated in a direction opposite to that of gene X . Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the location and orientation of the two genes in the insert. DNase I footprinting experiments defined the glyA gene and gene X control regions recognized by RNA polymerase, and S1 nuclease mapping experiments located the transcription start point for each gene. The transcription start points for the two genes are 216 bp apart, and the translation start sites are 327 bp apart. Less than 90 bp separate the two RNA polymerase molecules bound to the two promoters.
Ion-Photon Networks for Scalable Quantum Computing

Trapped ions entangled via photonic interactions are promising avenues for quan-tum information processing. Here, we report advances towards combining photonic gates be-tween distant ions with Coulombic gates between nearby ions to demonstrate scalable quantum networks.
A 40-Gb/s Full-Rate 2:1 MUX in 0.18- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS

This paper demonstrates high-speed design techniques that enable realization of a full-rate broadband serializer operating at 40 Gb/s using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Bandwidth enhancement techniques, including shunt-peaking and multipole bandwidth enhancement, have been incorporated in the different high-speed blocks in the serializer. A dynamic retiming circuit capable of clocked 40-GHz operation is presented, which reduces the periodic jitter at the serial output. A low-power distributed buffer with unequal characteristic impedances in the gate line and drain line is designed as a 40-Gb/s output buffer. A method for generating a differential 40-GHz clock using two coupled 20-GHz oscillators with a “push-push” topology is also presented. An injection-locked divider based on a four-stage ring oscillator with four injection points has been designed for generating a 10-GHz clock signal.
When culture and style aren't about clothes: perceptions of task-technology "fit" in global virtual teams

The rise of the virtual organization in response to global competition and advances in technology has led to the deployment of global virtual teams. Global virtual teams are increasingly commonplace when team members are geographically dispersed and as travel budgets are cut. A global virtual team can be described as a culturally diverse, geographically dispersed, and electronically communicating work group. Virtual teams and the technologies that support them promise the flexibility, responsiveness, lower costs, and improved resource utilization necessary to compete. There is a need for research on how to make virtual teams work effectively when the central medium of the team's process is technology. In this paper, we will explore how cultural tendencies, specifically country-of-origin differences relate to communication styles and how these may influence perceptions of task-technology fit by members of global virtual teams.