cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modified Bridgman-Stockbarger growth of a novel NLO organic crystal (2-methoxyphenyl)-methylene-propanedinitrile

Abstract The Bridgman-Stockbarger method offers a unique opportunity for positioning the solid-liquid interface in the hot zone by a suitable adjustment of the two zone temperatures. The method, however, yields inhomogeneous organic crystals in relation to the progressive degradation of the material during growth. To solve this problem, a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger method (MBS) has been developed and is used to keep the smallest possible quantity of product in the melt for a short time period. In this method, the gradient is chosen to be 5 to 10°C/cm and the ampoules downward rate is chosen to be 0.1 to 0.3 mm/h. For the given conditions, several (2-methoxyphenyl)-methylene-propanedinitrile or 2-dicyanovinylanisole (DIVA) single crystals of good optical quality and a size of 10 × 10 × 50 mm 3 have been successfully grown. Preliminary results on the characterization of these crystals are presented.
Developmental Changes in Constriction of the Ductus Arteriosus: Responses to Oxygen and Vasoactive Agents in the Isolated Ductus Arteriosus of the Fetal Lamb

Extract: Development of the constrictor response of the ductus arteriosus to O2 and selected vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine and bradykinin) was studied in 20 fetal lambs weighing 680–4800 g (90− to 150-day gestation). The isolated ductus arteriosus was perfused in vitro with Tyrode's solution at constant flow, temperature (38°), pH (7.3–7.4), and (30–40 mm Hg), and the mean pressure difference across the ductus was measured. Ductal resistance was calculated at different levels of (10–700 mm Hg), raised stepwise to produce dose-response curves. Three young fetuses failed to respond initially to O2 and in the other 17 the initial response occurred at progressively lower levels with advancing gestation. The maximal degree of constriction developed showed a progressive increase with advancing gestational age. At any given , both acetylcholine and bradykinin produced a further increase in resistance when added to the perfusion solution, but this further increase was independent of age. The level of at which an initial response occurred was decreased after exposure to acetylcholine but not bradykinin. Speculation: The ductus arteriosus of the fetal lamb constricts when exposed to oxygen. The initial level of at which this constriction occurs decreases, and the maximal degree of constriction increases, with advancing gestational age. The poor response to oxygen of the ductus arteriosus in the immature fetus may be the mechanism responsible for the high incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Constriction following-oxygen may be augmented by the exposure to acetylcholine or bradykinin.
Analytical strategies for characterizing chemotherapy diffusion with patient-level population-based data

To inform assessments of the quality of cancer care, we describe analytical approaches to characterizing trends in diffusion of chemotherapy drugs subsequent to their US FDA approval. The economics and medical literature provide two distinct sets of empirical methods for investigating diffusion of innovations: aggregate models, which use the level of market penetration as an estimator of diffusion; and disaggregate models, which evaluate diffusion based on the time required for different individual units to adopt innovations. When patient-level population-based data are available, disaggregate methods make the best use of the available information. We propose a method that employs time-to-event techniques to describe the probability of utilization of a drug within a specified timeframe subsequent to the diagnosis of cancer. By mapping the relationship between this probability and calendar time of a patient’s diagnosis, we can assess trends in diffusion. Our approach accounts for the dependent censoring for death, as well as for the clustering of patients within physicians. The method proposed is illustrated using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data applied to two case studies: gemcitabine, approved for stage III/IV pancreatic cancer; and irinotecan, approved as a second-line therapy for stage IV colorectal cancer.
Prevalence of Compounding in Independent Community Pharmacy Practice

Objectives: To determine the extent of prescription compounding in independent community pharmacies and identify factors that influence the decision of independent pharmacists whether to provide compounding services. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Iowa. Participants: 370 pharmacists in charge. Intervention: Anonymous questionnaire mailed in January 2005. Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of pharmacies that provide compounding; percentage of dispensed prescriptions that require compounding; factors contributing to decisions whether to provide compounding service. Results: Overall, 94% of respondent pharmacies provided compounding services at the time of this survey. Prescriptions that required compounding represented less than 1% of total prescriptions for the majority (58.3%) of respondents. The main reasons for the decision to provide compounding service were wanting to provide full pharmaceutical care to patients (73.8% of compounders) and responding to requests by prescribers (48.7%). Pharmacies that did not provide compounding service cited the main reason as not receiving prescriptions that required compounding (63.6% of noncompounders). Conclusion: Compounding remains a component of pharmacy practice in the independent community setting. Prescriptions that required compounding represented 2.3% of all prescriptions dispensed by compounding pharmacies.
Insulin inhibition of antibody-dependent cytoxicity and insulin receptors in macrophages

INSULIN receptors have been demonstrated on various human white blood cells including monocytes1,2 granulocytes3 and cultured lymphoblastoid cells4. Of these, the insulin receptor of the monocyte, a circulating macrophage, has been the most useful in the study of human disease5–9, although insulin has no known effect on macrophage function. We demonstrate here that cultured mouse macrophages10 and macrophage-containing cell populations from normal mouse spleens both possess specific receptors for insulin with properties indistinguishable from those of the human monocyte, and that insulin, at physiological concentrations, inhibits the ability of these cell populations to lyse antibody-coated red cells (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or ADCC).
Localization of Na+K+, Mg++ adenos inetriphosphatase activity in pulmonary alveolar macrophage subcellular fractions

Abstract Pulmonary alveolar macrophages manifest a Mg++ dependent Na+-K+ stimulated ATPase activity. A survey of ATP hydrolyzing activity in various subcellular fractions reveals that the maximal activity is found in a fraction containing predominantly the macrophage plasma membrane. This Na+K+, Mg++ ATPase is sensitive to ouabain and p -chloromercuribenzoate but insensitive to oligomycin. This enzyme system may be related to energy-dependent membrane-linked processes of alveolar macrophages.
Organonitrate als atmosphärische Spurenstoffe

Jedes Jahr ruckt das „Sommerozon” die Umweltchemie wieder ins offentliche Bewustsein. Die Ozonbildung in Bodennahe ist eng verknupft mit dem Gehalt an Stickoxiden in der Atmosphare: Vor allem reaktive Salpetersaureester konnen als molekulare Depots fur Stickoxide fungieren. Nach globaler Verteilung und anschliesender Freisetzung von NO2 durch Photolyse leisten sie auch in quellenfernen Gebieten einen Beitrag zum Gesamtozongehalt.
Effect of antibacterial agents on growth of baby pigs fed a "synthetic" diet.

SummaryAureomycin stimulated the growth of baby pigs on an alpha protein “synthetic milk” diet. It did not reduce the coliform lactobacilli or yeast cells present in the feces. Sulfathalidine reduced the number of coliform bacteria present in the feces. There was no statistically significant beneficial growth-promoting effect from adding penicillin or sulfathalidine to the diet.
Sinus node extracellular potassium transients following vagal stimulation

SEVERAL investigations have suggested a role for K+ in the generation of the transmembrane potential during spontaneous rhythm1,2 and following vagal inhibition3,4 of the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart5. Voltage-clamp studies1,2 in the rabbit SA node have shown a voltage- and time-dependent increase in the outward current on depolarisation and a slow decay of the outward current on repolarisation to the holding potential. The hyperpolarisation and slowing of automaticity following vagal stimulation or acetylcholine (Ach) application is believed to be due to an increase in potassium permeability3,4. The purpose of the present study was to use K+-sensitive microelectrodes6,7 to examine the time course and the magnitude of K+ efflux and extracellular accumulation in the isolated rabbit SA node during spontaneous rhythm and following vagal stimulation. Our results confirm that K+ permeability of the sinoatrial pacemaker cell is increased following vagal stimulation and demonstrate K+ accumulation in the extracellular space for several seconds. Beat-to-beat extracellular potassium transients are linked to the repolarisation process as well as to diastolic depolarisation.
The rotational behavior model: asymmetry in the effects of unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra in rats

Abstract A basic assumption of the ‘rotational behavior model’ is that amphetamine (AMPH) produces ipsiversive rotational behavior in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. However, we report here that if the normally ‘dominant’ striatum is partially depleted of DA the majority of rats turn contraversive when given AMPH, i.e. in the opposite direction predicted by the model.
Justice for Daniel Faulkner?: History, Memory, and Police Identity

Analyzing the story of slain Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner and his convicted murderer, this article examines the complex relationship between history and memory, as well as the mediating role of myth, in reasserting the collective identity of organizations. The article suggests that the contests and negotiations between history and memory have helped unite police officers as a collective in the wake of the department's loss.
Reversible optical control of cyanine fluorescence in fixed and living cells: optical lock-in detection immunofluorescence imaging microscopy

Optical switch probes undergo rapid and reversible transitions between two distinct states, one of which may fluoresce. This class of probe is used in various super-resolution imaging techniques and in the high-contrast imaging technique of optical lock-in detection (OLID) microscopy. Here, we introduce optimized optical switches for studies in living cells under standard conditions of cell culture. In particular, a highly fluorescent cyanine probe (Cy or Cy3) is directly or indirectly linked to naphthoxazine (NISO), a highly efficient optical switch that undergoes robust, 405/532 nm-driven transitions between a colourless spiro (SP) state and a colourful merocyanine (MC) state. The intensity of Cy fluorescence in these Cy/Cy3-NISO probes is reversibly modulated between a low and high value in SP and MC states, respectively, as a result of Forster resonance energy transfer. Cy/Cy3-NISO probes are targeted to specific proteins in living cells where defined waveforms of Cy3 fluorescence are generated by optical switching of the SP and MC states. Finally, we introduce a new imaging technique (called OLID-immunofluorescence microscopy) that combines optical modulation of Cy3 fluorescence from Cy3/NISO co-labelled antibodies within fixed cells and OLID analysis to significantly improve image contrast in samples having high background or rare antigens.
Alterations of high-energy phosphate compounds in the skeletal muscles of rats intoxicated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and Soman.

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the changes in high-energy phosphate compounds and to establish their relationship with organophosphate-induced necrotic lesions in skeletal muscles of rats. Following an acute toxicity signs-producing dose of either diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) (1.5 mg/kg, sc) or soman (0.1 mg/kg, sc), a significant decline in phosphocreatine (PC) was seen as early as within 1 hr, coinciding with the appearance of necrotic lesions, as reported earlier. The maximum decrease in PC was measured after 6 hr. At this time, among the muscles studied, the hemidiaphragm (the muscle which is known to show the greatest number of necrotic lesions with both of the organophosphorus compounds) showed maximum decrease in PC (57%) with soman treatment. A detailed analysis of adenine nucleotides indicated a significant decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in all three skeletal muscles, with a marked increase in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (except in extensor digitorum longus (EDL)). The levels of creatine in all three skeletal muscles remained unaltered throughout the time-course of study. The observed changes in PC, ATP, and AMP were reversed toward control baseline values after 72 hr. Daily administration of DFP (0.5 mg/kg, sc/day) for 14 days caused only a significant decrease of PC in EDL and soleus during the toxic phase (Day 5), with recovery toward the normal value during the tolerance phase (Day 14). It is concluded that both DFP and soman reduced the PC in skeletal muscles, and the time-course for PC reduction correlates well with the previously reported time-course for muscle fiber necrosis. It is suggested that the reduction in PC is caused through an increased demand to meet ATP requirements during severe muscular fasciculations.
Enzyme Entrapment in Reprecipitated Polyaniline Nano- and Microparticles

We introduce a novel method for fabricating nano- and microscale polyaniline particles containing an entrapped oxidoreductase enzyme for use in biosensing applications. This facile process utilizes...
The Effects of Phlebotomy, Hemodilution and Autologous Transfusion on Systemic Oxygenation and Whole Blood Utilization in Open Heart Surgery

Blood utilization in 400 consecutive adult patients undergoing a wide variety of cardiovascular operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was documented following institution of: 1) complete oxygenator hemodilution; 2) intraoperative phlebotomy and autologous transfusion; 3) infusion of residual oxygenator red cells; and 4) use of reconstituted frozen cells in patients whose blood type was uncommon. These techniques have resulted in an average utilization of 4.8 units of blood per adult patient. Fourteen patients required no blood at all and a total of 259 patients required less than 5 units of blood during their entire hospital course. Physiologic effects of this blood program and hemodilution were evaluated in ten patients and the results indicate that marked reduction of red cell mass by hemodilution with hypothermia and low flow perfusion is not detrimental to satisfactory whole blood oxygenation during open heart surgery.
What is the attraction to computing

The strongest motivators include a sense of accomplishment from solving problems and programming; the weakest include being captivated by the Web and a passion for playing computer games.
On the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a mildly nonlinear parabolic system

Abstract In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the mixed initial boundary value problem for the system of nonlinear parabolic equations −u t +Lu=f(x.t.u.v) −v t +Mv=g(x,t,u,v) We show, under suitable technical assumptions, that these solutions converge to solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the corresponding limiting elliptic system, provided that the solution of the Dirichlet problem is unique.
Cefamandole levels during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of prophylactic antibodies may differ in cardiac and aortic aneurysm surgery for at least two reasons: aortic aneurysm surgery generally entails a greater blood volume loss and replacement, and aortic aneurysm surgery usually does not require extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass. We prospectively studied two different cefamandole dosing regimens in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm surgery (phase 1, 1 gm intravenously at the induction of anesthesia; phase 2, 2 gm intravenously at the induction of anesthesia followed by 1 gm intravenously every 2 hours during surgery). In phase 1 and 2 plasma levels were measured at the time of skin incision, aortic cross-clamping, aortic unclamping, and skin closure. In phase 2 cefamandole elimination in urine and cell-saver effluent was also determined. An adequate plasma level of 10 μg/ml was maintained in only 4 of 14 patients in phase 1, but in 10 of 10 patients in phase 2. Cefamandole loss in cell-saver effluent was 136 ± 100 mg, which was 13% of the measured renally excreted amount. As has been previously shown in cardiac surgery, a cefamandole prophylactic antibiotic regimen of 2 gm intravenously at the induction of anesthesia followed by 1 gm every 2 hours during surgery provides a dependable and practical dosing regimen in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm surgery.
Differential resin binding of insulin in serum.

A method of interaction analysis by the differential resin adsorption of insulin has been designed which quantitated the binding of insulin by sera in vitro. Sera containing insulin-I131 were equilibrated in tubes with measured volumes of anionic resin. Following equilibration the tubes were removed and the radioactivity was measured in a well-type scintillation detector. The resins were then washed with distilled water in order to remove the radioactivity that was not resin bound and the tubes were recounted. The radioactivity remaining on the resin divided by the initial radioactivity measured the fraction of hormone bound by the resin (“resin index”)- A low resin index reflected increased binding of hormone by serum, and vice versa. Increased binding of insulin-I131 by the sera from insulin responsive diabetics was demonstrated when compared with sera from normal subjects. The ability of the resin to bind insulin in serum depended to some extent upon factors other than the competitive binding of insuli...
DISTRIBUTION OF RIVER BASIN AREA IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES

Abstract The number of sub-basins of any given area (a), within any given basin or region of area (A) is well approximated by the formula Na = 0.28 A/a for values of A/a larger than 10. The standard error of values predicted by this formula is 25 percent. When the number of stations at which stream gaging is performed is compared with the total number of watersheds of various sizes in the continental United States, it becomes evident that there is a serious undersampling of small streams and an excess gaging of large rivers.
Design process management for CAD frameworks

The authors introduce a new mechanism for planning and managing the VLSI design process. The design process manager significantly enhances the capabilities of CAD frameworks, relieving designers from dealing with low-level details, thereby allowing them to concentrate on the more innovative aspects of design. A model for representing design processes is described. To demonstrate the suitability of the design process model, a prototype design process manager, called Minerva, has been developed. Minerva is described. >
Wood/plastic composites co-extruded with multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled rigid poly(vinyl chloride) cap layer

Wood/plastic composites (WPCs) can absorb moisture in a humid environment due to the hydrophilic nature of the wood in the composites, making products susceptible to microbial growth and loss of mechanical properties. Co-extruding a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-rich cap layer on a WPC significantly reduces the moisture uptake rate, increases the flexural strength but, most importantly, decreases the flexural modulus compared to uncapped WPCs. A two-level factorial design was used to develop regression models evaluating the statistical effects of material compositions and a processing condition on the flexural properties of co-extruded rigid PVC/wood flour composites with the ultimate goal of producing co-extruded composites with better flexural properties than uncapped WPCs. Material composition variables included wood flour content in the core layer and carbon nanotube (CNT) content in the cap layer of the co-extruded composites, with the processing temperature profile for the core layer as the only processing condition variable. Fusion tests were carried out to understand the effects of the material compositions and processing condition on the flexural properties. Regression models indicated all main effects and two powerful interaction effects (processing temperature/wood flour content and wood flour content/CNT content interactions) as statistically significant. Factors leading to a fast fusion of the PVC/wood flour composites in the core layer, i.e. low wood flour content and high processing temperature, were effective material composition and processing condition parameters for improving the flexural properties of co-extruded composites. Reinforcing the cap layer with CNTs also produced a significant improvement in the flexural properties of the co-extruded composites, insensitive to the core layer composition and the processing temperature condition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Hierarchical Spatial Modeling and Prediction of Multiple Soil Nutrients and Carbon Concentrations

Modeling the multivariate spatial distribution of soil carbon and nutrients has been a challenge for ecosystem ecologists. There is a need for explanatory models, which give insight into socio-economic and biophysical controls on soil spatial variability. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian modeling specification, an approach that takes into account the spatial covariates as well as the inter-dependent nature of soil nutrients and carbon pools. We develop the model to explain variability in soil nutrient and carbon pools in the Central Arizona Phoenix Metropolitan region where soil-composition has changed considerably over the years due to socio-economic factors. A fully Bayesian statistical analysis of how these changes have affected soil nutrients provides insight as to how socio-economics influence changes in ecology. Our model included five geomorphic, ecological, and socio-economic independent variables that were used to predict soil total N, organic C, inorganic C, and extractable . Using six levels ...
Photosensitization of TiO2 Nanostructures with CdS Quantum Dots: Particulate versus Tubular Support Architectures

TiO2 nanotube arrays and particulate films are modified with CdS quantum dots with an aim to tune the response of the photoelectrochemical cell in the visible region. The method of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction facilitates size control of CdS quantum dots. These CdS nanocrystals, upon excitation with visible light, inject electrons into the TiO2 nanotubes and particles and thus enable their use as photosensitive electrodes. Maximum incident photon to charge carrier efficiency (IPCE) values of 55% and 26% are observed for CdS sensitized TiO2 nanotube and nanoparticulate architectures respectively. The nearly doubling of IPCE observed with the TiO2 nanotube architecture is attributed to the increased efficiency of charge separation and transport of electrons.
APPLICATION OF THE VARIATION METHOD TO FIELD QUANTIZATION

The object of this paper is the application of the variation method to a simple field theory. A representation is found in which the state functions are emphasized. Variational trial forms are chosen for these, and optimized by making the expectation value of the field Hamiltonian stationary. Only the simplest case of a neutral, spin-zero, boson field with a fourth-power self-coupling term is considered here, but it is hoped that with further elaboration this may in the future lead to a description of the multipion resonances. The variation method has the advantage of avoiding any limitation on the strength of the self-coupling. Explicit results are obtained for the vacuum, single-particle, and two-particle (scattering and bound) states, and comparison is made with the determinantal method. Finally, a criterion for the variational stability of the vacuum state is obtained.
Electrolytic preparation of high-purity chromium

Abstract The preparation of high-purity chromium from commercial, aqueous electrolytic chromium has been investigated. Factors influencing the refining process, such as cell design, electrolyte components, chromium concentration in electrolytes, and cell operating parameters, have been studied. An improved molten-salt electrolytic refining process has been developed for the preparation of high-purity chromium with total impurity contents of less than 70 ppm, using a KClLiClCrCl2 electrolyte at 520 °C. High-purity chromium deposits ranging from 0.2–0.3 kg have been routinely prepared with initial cathode current densities of 40–210 A/ft2 with average current efficiency of 96%. The chromium recovery in the process was 99%.
Current Breast Imaging Modalities, Advances, and Impact on Breast Care

Mammography will continue as the breast cancer screening imaging study of choice for the foreseeable future. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely available adjunctive studies for women with suspicious mammographic or clinical findings, and MRI is a screening tool for women with specific increased risks for breast cancer. Options for diagnosis will continue to evolve and progress. This article discusses a wide variety of imaging options currently used and in development, their strengths, limitations, and potential future roles in the continuing pursuit of early breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
VLSI implementation of an effective lattice reduction algorithm with fixed-point considerations

Lattice reduction-aided equalization techniques have emerged as a low-complexity method to achieve the same diversity as maximum likelihood detectors. We address the VLSI implementation of these LR-aided equalizers by modifying the CLLL algorithm from a fixed-point hardware perspective. We then apply the modified algorithm together with additional micro-architecture and operation scheduling enhancements to create an updated CLLL processor. Finally, through BER simulations and FPGA synthesis results we demonstrate the suitability of our CLLL processor for integration into a 64-QAM MIMO system.
Direct blind equalization for transmitter induced cyclostationarity

Cyclostationarity in a communications signal enables the use of second-order statistics for blind equalization. In this paper, we present a second-order subspace based blind channel estimation technique which introduces cyclostationarity at the transmitter. In contrast with most existing second-order cyclostationary methods which introduce cyclostationarity by fractional-sampling, the proposed method does not require any assumptions on the channel zero locations. Furthermore, the proposed method extends existing transmitter-induced cyclostationary methods to allow for colored random or even deterministic input.
Mutation of the gene encoding protein kinase C 1 stimulates mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract We have isolated a recessive allele of the yeast protein kinase C gene (PKC1) which promotes an elevated rate of mitotic recombination and confers a temperature-sensitive growth defect. The rate of recombination was increased between genes in direct repeat and at a series of heteroalleles and was dependent upon the RAD52 gene product. The mutant pkc1 allele was sequenced and found to encode a single amino acid change within the catalytic domain. Osmotic stabilizing agents rescued the temperature-sensitive growth defect but not the hyperrecombination phenotype, indicating that the two traits are separable. This separability suggests that the PKC1 gene product (Pkc1p) regulates DNA metabolism by an alternate pathway to that used in the regulation of cell lysis. The regulation of recombination is a previously unidentified role for Pkc1p.
Using narrative pedagogy: learning and practising interpretive thinking.

Aim. This paper reports a hermeneutic study undertaken to explicate students’ experiences in educational courses in which teachers enact Narrative Pedagogy. Background. International interest in developing and implementing discipline-specific pedagogies is becoming commonplace as teachers respond to the challenges of preparing students for contemporary practice. Lifeworld Pedagogy, developed in Scandinavia, and Narrative Pedagogy, developed in the United States of America, Canada and New Zealand, are two approaches developed from nursing research for nursing education that provide teachers with research-based alternatives to conventional pedagogy. Further research is needed, however, that addresses how new pedagogies are experienced in schools of nursing. Method. Teachers and students from 22 schools of nursing in the United States of America were interviewed over a 4-year period between 2002 and 2005. Using interpretive phenomenology as the philosophical background and Heideggerian hermeneutics as the method, accounts from 52 participants were analysed by a research team. Findings. The theme Learning and Practising Interpretive Thinking reveals how reform is occurring in schools of nursing that use Narrative Pedagogy. It documents how Narrative Pedagogy helps students challenge their assumptions and think through and interpret situations they encounter from multiple perspectives. Findings suggest that by focusing teachers’ and students’ attention on thinking and interpreting as communal experiences, interpretive pedagogies such as Narrative Pedagogy engage teachers and students in pooling their wisdom, challenging their preconceptions, envisioning new possibilities for providing care and engaging with others to ensure patient-centred care and safety. Conclusion. By documenting students’ experiences in courses in which Narrative Pedagogy is used, this study provides teachers with research-based evidence to guide their pedagogical decisions. It extends international efforts to develop discipline-specific pedagogies and offers a practical, student-centred approach teachers can use to enhance students’ thinking.
Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Intestinal Tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice

To determine its effect on intestinal tumorigenesis and the protumorigenic COX pathway in Apc Min/+ mice, resveratrol was administered as a powdered admixture in the diet at 0, 4, 20, or 90 mg/kg body weight for 7 wk. In two separate experiments, resveratrol did not affect intestinal tumor load. It was stable in the diet under experimental conditions, circulated in the plasma as the glucuronide-conjugated form and reached the tumors as evidenced by significant decreases in PGE 2 levels. However, immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tumors revealed no changes in COX-2 expression. This study demonstrates that resveratrol consumed ad libitum in the diet, does not modify tumorigenesis in Apc Min/+ mice.
Waterborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with a Norovirus

The Wyoming Department of Health investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among persons who dined at a tourist saloon in central Wyoming during October 2001. Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) were suspected as the etiological agent of the outbreak based on the incubation period, duration of illness, and symptoms observed in ill patrons. A retrospective cohort study demonstrated that ill patrons were 4.5 times more likely to have exposure to drinking water and/or ice than nonill patrons. No food items were associated with illness. An environmental investigation gave evidence that the saloon's groundwater was contaminated with sewage. Water from the saloon's only well was processed for viruses. The processed water sample and stool samples collected from three ill patrons were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for the presence of HuCV. All positive RT-PCR results were confirmed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of cloned RT-PCR products. A genogroup I, subtype 3, HuCV stain was found to be present in the well water sample and two stool samples. In addition, a genogroup II, subtype 6, strain was detected in one stool sample. The identification of the same HuCV strain in both the well water and stool samples strongly suggests a link between exposure to well water and the outbreak of gastroenteritis. The presence of a genogroup II, subtype 6, strain in one of the stool samples suggests that multiple HuCV strains may have been involved in this outbreak. The laboratory isolation of HuCV strains from outbreak-associated drinking water is relatively novel in the United States. This investigation outlines the procedure for virus isolation and illustrates the utility of RT-PCR for the identification of HuCV in large volumes of water and stool samples obtained during outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis.
HERITABILITY ESTIMATES WHEN DAMS AND DAUGHTERS ARE IN THE SAME AND DIFFERENT HERDS

Abstract The regression of daughter on dam deviations of Holstein first-lactation milk production from herd-mate averages was computed for 38,440 pairs of records made in the same herd and for 10,256 pairs of records where the daughter was in one herd and the dam in another. The corresponding heritability estimates were .42 and .40, respectively, which suggest an environmental covariance of .01 between records of daughters and dams in the same herd. Other analyses were conducted for dams with two daughters with records where 1) both had records in the same herd as the dam, 2) only one had a record in the same herd as the dam, 3) the daughters were full sibs, in the same herd as the dam, 4) the daughters were full sibs, only one in the herd of the dam. These analyses also indicated no evidence for much environmental covariance between daughter and dam records in the same herd. The environmental covariance between records of maternal half-sisters in the same herd is apparently small, but the environmental covariance between records of full sibs in the same herd may be important—.06 to .12 of total variance. Genetic maternal variance was not excluded as a source of likeness between the records of maternal relatives.
Structure and property development in poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) during heat treatment under tension

The evolution of several structural characteristics during isothermal heat treatment of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) was studied. In this work, heat treatment was interrupted after different treatment times, with the specimens immediately quenched to room temperature. These specimens were then characterized by tensile testing, wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering, and optical microscopy. Structural parameters obtained from these measurements relate to crystal perfection (via the paracrystalline axial distortion parameter), axial crystallite size, transverse crystallite size, degree of chain misorientation, and degree of pleating. Structural and mechanical parameters were then plotted against heat-treatment time to obtain kinetic isotherms for each parameter. The kinetics of the removal of chain misorientation parallels that of tensile modulus increase under all conditions. Of the other structural parameters, only the kinetics of pleat removal mimics that of modulus change, indicating that pleat removal is the effective cause of increased chain alignment and thereby of increased axial stiffness. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ex vivo model of leukocyte migration into herpes simplex virus-infected mouse corneas

We are investigating neutrophilic infiltra- tion into herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) -in- fected mouse corneas. Using a novel ex vivo corneal migration assay, we demonstrated two waves of neu- trophil chemotaxis in HSV-1-infected corneas. An early chemotactic gradient developed within 48 h in concert with the appearance of HSV-1 epithelial lesions, peaked by 4 days post-infection (p.i.), and degraded by 6-8 days p.i.. A second chemotactic gradient appeared 10 days after infection,just before the initiation of chronic inflammation. The gradient was maintained in corneas that developed inflamma- tion but rapidly degraded in corneas that failed to develop inflammation. The early chemotactic gradi- ent was established in the absence of T lymphocytes, but the second chemotactic gradient was virtually abrogated by T cell depletion. We conclude that HSV- 1 infection induces two temporally separated neutrophil chemotactic gradients in the mouse cor- nea: an early, transient, T cell-independent gradient; and a later, chronic, T cell-dependent gradient. J. Leukoc. BinI. 60: 167-173; 1996.
A Combination Isothermal-Hydrogen Clearance System for the Measurement of Local Tissue Flow

A miniature probe has been developed which combines the isothermal and hydrogen clearance methods for measurement of local tissue flow. In vitro testing demonstrated the stability and reproducibility of the results with each system. In vivo tests in the brain, spinal cord, and kidney of the cat showed that changes in the isothermal measurement correlated well with changes in the hydrogen clearance measurement. The hydrogen clearance system produced measurements in close agreement with literature values. A comparison between measurements in kidney tissue and renal artery flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter was linear up to a renal flow rate of 130 ml/ 100 g/min. Above that level measurements in the system were constant. The use of the isothermal system for continuous measurement with intermittent calibration using the hydrogen clearance system provides a method for quantitatively monitoring changes in local tissue flow.
Competition between crustacean zooplankton in continuous cultures

It has been proposed that cases of diaptomid dominance in oligotrophic lakes are due to lower food requirements for Diaptomus species than Daphnia species. We test this hypothesis by competing Daphnia pulicaria and Diaptomus oregonensis populations in continuous and semicontinuous cultures. The threshold food concentrations for population growth of D. pulicaria and D. oregonensis were statistically indistinguishable. The thresholds of both species were within the range of concentrations characteristic of ultraoligotrophic lakes. The dominant species varied across experiments in a pattern consistent with an effect of temporal variation in food concentration. Neither our data nor previously published studies provide support for the hypothesis that cases of Diaptomus dominance in oligotrophic lakes are due to a simple difference in threshold food concentrations
Efficacy of single-session abreactive ego state therapy for combat stress injury, PTSD, and ASD

Using abreactive Ego State Therapy (EST), 36 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR and PTSD checklist (PCL) criteria were exposed to either 5-6 hours of manualized treatment or placebo in a single session. EST emphasizes repeated hypnotically activated abreactive "reliving" of the trauma experience combined with therapists' ego strength. Both the placebo and EST treatment groups showed significant reductions in PTSD checklist scores immediately posttreatment (placebo: mean 17.34 points; EST: mean 53.11 points) but only the EST patients maintained significant treatment effect at 4-week and 16- to 18-week follow-ups. Abreactive EST appears to be an effective and durable treatment for PTSD inclusive of combat stress injury and acute stress disorder.
The Vpx Lentiviral Accessory Protein Targets SAMHD1 for Degradation in the Nucleus

Sterile alpha motif domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase that restricts the replication of lentiviruses in myeloid cells by hydrolyzing the cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates to a level below that which is required for reverse transcription. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and some simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) encode the accessory protein viral protein X (Vpx) that counteracts SAMHD1. Vpx recruits SAMHD1 to a cullin4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4), which targets the enzyme for proteasomal degradation. Vpx and SAMHD1 both localize to the nucleus of the cell. We identified the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of SAMHD1 as a conserved KRPR sequence at amino acid residues 11 to 14. SAMHD1 lacking a functional NLS localized to the cytoplasm but retained its triphosphohydrolase and antiviral activities. However, cytoplasmic SAMHD1 was resistant to Vpx-induced degradation, and its antiviral activity was not counteracted by Vpx. Cytoplasmic SAMHD1 interacted with Vpx and retained it in the cytoplasm. The inhibition of nuclear export with leptomycin B did not impair the ability of Vpx to degrade SAMHD1. These findings suggest that SAMHD1 is targeted by Vpx for ubiquitination and degradation in the nucleus.
Suberoylanilide Hydroxyamic Acid Modification of Chromatin Architecture Affects DNA Break Formation and Repair

Purpose Chromatin-modifying compounds that inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases have shown potency as radiosensitizers, but the action of these drugs at a molecular level is not clear. Here we investigated the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxyamic acid (SAHA) on DNA breaks and their repair and induction of rearrangements. Methods and Materials The effect of SAHA on both clonogenic survival and repair was assessed using cell lines SCC-25, MCF7, and TK6. In order to study unique DNA double-strand breaks, anti-CD95 antibody was employed to introduce a DNA double-strand break at a known location within the 11q23 region. The effects of SAHA on DNA cleavage and rearrangements were analyzed by ligation-mediated PCR and inverse PCR, respectively. Results SAHA acts as radiosensitizer at 1 μM, with dose enhancement factors (DEFs) at 10% survival of: SCC-25 - 1.24 ± 0.05; MCF7 - 1.16 ± 0.09 and TK6 - 1.17 ± 0.05, and it reduced the capacity of SCC-25 cells to repair radiation induced lesions. Additionally, SAHA treatment diffused site-specific fragmentation over at least 1 kbp in TK6 cells. Chromosomal rearrangements produced in TK6 cells exposed to SAHA showed a reduction in microhomology at the breakpoint between 11q23 and partner chromosomes. Conclusions SAHA shows efficacy as a radiosensitizer at clinically obtainable levels. In its presence, targeted DNA strand breaks occur over an expanded region, indicating increased chromatin access. The rejoining of such breaks is degraded by SAHA when measured as rearrangements at the molecular level and rejoining that contributes to cell survival.
Buffer placement in distributed RC-tree networks for minimal Elmore delay

An algorithm is presented for choosing the buffer positions for a wiring tree such that the Elmore delay is minimal. For given required arrival times at the sinks of the wiring tree, the algorithm chooses buffers such that the required departure time at the source is as late as possible. The topology of the wiring tree, a Steiner tree, is assumed to be given, as well as the possible (legal) positions of the buffers. The algorithm uses a depth first search on the wiring tree to construct a set of time/capacitance pairs that correspond to different choices. The complexity of the algorithm is O(B/sup 2/), where B is the number of possible buffer positions. An extension of the basic algorithm allows minimization of the number of buffers as a secondary objective. >
Internet and Television Are Not Substitutes for Seeking Political Information

Internet news consumption is growing and television news viewership is decreasing; however, online news is not a substitute for television news. This study found motives for seeking political information from television and the Internet to be information-seeking, entertainment, civic duty, and social utility. In seeking political information, audiences use Internet and television in conjunction as supplements or complements, rather than as substitutes. Multiple regression analysis showed that information-seeking and social utility predicted television use, and information-seeking and civic duty predicted Internet use.
Studies towards Trichodimerol: Novel Cascade Reactions and Polycyclic Frameworks

Trichodimerol (1) is a synthetically attractive natural product because of its potential medical use against septic shock and its striking molecular architecture. We report herein the possible biosynthetic pathway for its formation from the hexaketide sorbicillin (3) and our preliminary results towards the total synthesis of trichodimerol (1) and its congener demethyltrichodimerol (2). These studies provided a way to synthesize b-ketal ketones by a novel variation of the Mukaiyama Aldol reaction, afforded new insight into the mild and regioselective formation of silyl enol ethers, and allowed the preparation of the advanced intermediate 38. Furthermore, a number of unprecedented cascade reactions were discovered furnishing novel polycyclic, highly oxygenated compounds from simple starting materials.
HLA sharing and fertility in Hutterite couples: evidence for prenatal selection against compatible fetuses.

: Antigenic differences between mother and fetus (i.e., blood group incompatibilities) were traditionally considered deleterious for viviparous reproduction. Recently, evidence has accumulated suggesting that maternal response to paternally derived fetal antigens, paradoxically, may facilitate maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, fetuses whose paternally derived antigens do not differ from maternal antigens (i.e., histocompatible pregnancies) may be at a selective disadvantage during pregnancy. Parents sharing histocompatibility antigens (i.e., HLA) may produce compatible fetuses and show overall reduced fertility. Indeed, increased HLA sharing has been reported in some couples experiencing repetitive spontaneous abortion. However, the effects of HLA sharing in couples not selected because of previous pregnancy losses have not been assessed. To elucidate the reproductive effects of maternal-fetal histocompatibility, we initiated prospective population-based studies of parental HLA sharing and reproductive outcome in the Hutterites, a population isolate that lives communally and proscribes contraception. The relationship between HLA-A, -B, and -DR sharing and reproductive outcome was examined in 111 Hutterite couples. Intervals from marriage to each birth were no longer among couples sharing antigens; differences were significant at the second birth and remained significant through the sixth birth (P < .05). When the effects of sharing at individual loci were examined, HLA-DR was the only individual locus that was a significant predictor of birth interval length (P = .025). Completed family sizes were 6.5 and 9.0 among couples sharing and not sharing HLA-DR, respectively (P = .082, 2-tailed). However, recognized fetal loss rates did not differ among couples sharing and not sharing antigens. We interpret these results as evidence for reduced fertility among some Hutterite couples sharing HLA, as a result of maternal-fetal compatibility for HLA-DR, per se, or alleles at an undefined, HLA-DR-linked locus. Our data further suggest that longer intervals associated with HLA-DR sharing may result from losses occurring early in gestation, before Hutterites would recognize pregnancy.