cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary vitamin E level on the biochemical response of rat lung to ozone inhalation.

We examined the effects of dietary vitamin E level on rat lung response to ozone (O3) inhalation. In one study, we fed 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats a test diet containing 0 or 50 IU vitamin E/kg for 2 months, and then exposed one-half of the animals from each dietary group to 0.8 ppm (1,568 micrograms/m3) O3 intermittently (8 hours daily) and the other half to room air for 7 days. After O3 exposure, we found significant increases in marker enzyme activities in rat lungs from both dietary groups relative to corresponding air-exposed controls, but the magnitude of increases was greater for the 0 IU than the 50 IU group. In another study, we fed 1-month-old SD rats a test diet containing 10, 50, or 500 IU vitamin E/kg for 2 months and then exposed one-half of the animals from each dietary group to 0.8 ppm (1,568 micrograms/m3) O3 continuously and the other half to room air for 4 days. The O3 exposure increased the metabolic activities in rat lungs from all three dietary groups relative to corresponding air-exposed controls, but the magnitude of increases was greater for the 10 IU than the 50 IU or 500 IU group, and themore » difference between the 50 IU and 500 IU groups was small. Because a greater increase in lung metabolism after O3 exposure is thought to be associated with a greater tissue injury, the results suggest that an absence of dietary vitamin E exacerbates lung injury from O3 inhalation, while its presence protects from injury. However, the magnitude of this protective effect does not increase proportionately with increased dietary vitamin E supplementation beyond a certain level.« less
Aging and Technological Advances: Introduction

The Symposium on Aging and Technological Advances, sponsored by the NATO Special Programme Panel on Human Factors, was convened at the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center at the University of Southern California in August of 1983. Over 100 participants from 15 countries (both NATO and non-NATO countries) and from a number of scientific disciplines participated in the five-day symposium. The chapters and brief research reports included in this volume were selected from the presentations at the meeting; many were revised following the exchange that took place during the sessions. The diversity of opinion of the authors was one of the most interesting aspects of the symposium and it is reflected in the papers in this volume.
HCW 2018 Keynote Talk 1

Data-related challenges are dominating computational and data-enabled sciences and are limiting the potential impact of scientific application workflows enabled by extreme scale computing environments. While data staging and in-situ/in-transit data processing have emerged as attractive approaches for supporting these extreme scale workflows, the increasing heterogeneity of the storage hierarchy, coupled with increasing data volumes and complex and dynamic data access/exchange patterns, are impacting the effectiveness of this approach. In this talk I will discuss these challenges and explore how autonomic runtime techniques are being explored to address them. I will then present autonomic policies as well as cross layer mechanisms that are part of DataSpaces, an extreme scale data staging service. This research is part of the DataSpaces project at the Rutgers Discovery Informatics Institute.
Robotic Morgagni hernia repair: an emerging approach to a congenital defect.

Morgagni hernia (MH) is a rare, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The use of robotic surgery to repair MH in adults has recently been described in the literature, but only on two previous occasions. The objective of this report is to describe four cases of robotic repair of MH in adults performed by a single surgeon to better delineate an emerging approach to this rare condition. A retrospective review of patients who underwent robotic repair of MH by a single surgeon was performed. Four consecutive patients were identified and included. The median age of patients was 43 (range: 23–70). All patients had symptoms prior to diagnosis, including substernal chest pain (n = 3), dyspnea (n = 4), dysphagia (n = 1), and regurgitation (n = 1). All patients underwent hernia reduction, primary tissue repair, and mesh implant with minimal average estimated blood loss. All hernias were right sided, and the average length of surgery was 129.8 min. The average length of stay was 2 days. No intraoperative complications or 30-day postoperative complications were reported. Symptoms, including chest pain and dyspnea, resolved postoperatively for each patient. With this technique, robotic Morgagni hernia repair can be done with short operative time, few complications, and favorable length of stay. This operation takes advantage of the dexterity and wristed nature of the instruments; suturing of the diaphragmatic defect and mesh (performed on the “ceiling” of field) and incorporating pledgets into these sutures become straightforward endeavors when performed robotically. We have found the robotic platform useful for a transabdominal approach to Morgagni hernia repair.
Integrating the Civil–Military Relations Subfield

The subfield of civil–military relations has experienced a remarkable revitalization in recent years, yielding a wealth of intriguing insights. Yet, despite these auspicious developments, research ...
Attitudes of dining customers towards sustainability-related food values at a public University campus

The plethora of alternative food labels emerging in the marketplace reflects consumer interest in informed and sustainable purchasing. However, consumers’ preferences vary with respect to the sustainability metrics represented by labeling programs. The goal of this project was to characterize public university students’ perceptions of product parameters commonly represented by food labels for produce (e.g., cost, taste, certified organic, locally grown). A consumer survey (n = 338) was conducted at two university dining halls, located in close proximity to major residence hall communities which house approximately 2600 students. Culinary, health and cost attributes (taste, nutritional value, price and appearance) were ranked as more influential in determining purchasing decisions than sustainability attributes related to production and sourcing. While sustainability values were not as influential in driving purchasing behaviors as compared with product attributes, they were important to approximately 50% of the survey respondents. By identifying the sustainability values of students and their willingness to pay more for specific types of sustainable food, results from this study can inform efforts to align priorities of campus dining services with the values of their student patrons, as well as identify educational opportunities around agriculture and food production.
Development and Performance of a Checklist for Initial Triage After an Anthrax Mass Exposure Event.

A population exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores could cause mass casualties. This analysis used data from published case reports from 1880 through 2013 and patient records from 2001 to develop a...
Random Forest Prediction Intervals

Random forests are among the most popular machine learning techniques for prediction problems. When using random forests to predict a quantitative response, an important but often overlooked challe...
253 Validation and reliability of a disease-specific quality of life measure in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a potentially disfiguring, chronic autoimmune disease with variable skin manifestations, negatively affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures used in assessing QoL in CLE patients have been either generic or developed without input from patients with CLE. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the reliability and validity of a disease-specific QoL measure for CLE the cutaneous lupus erythematosus quality of life (CLEQoL). Methods A total of 101 patients with a diagnosis of CLE were recruited at outpatient dermatology clinics at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System in Dallas, TX. Each patient was asked to complete the CLEQoL and Short Form 36 (SF-36). The CLEQoL contains 29 questions from the SKINDEX, a generic skin disease QoL measure, three questions relating to photosensitivity and alopecia (adapted from the SKINDEX-29 +3), and four questions from the vitiligo-specific quality of life (VitiQoL) (figure 1). These questions were validated via focus groups of patients with CLE. Internal consistency was used as a measure of reliability. Validity was measured in two ways structural validity via exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity via Spearman correlations between CLEQoL and SF-36. Patient demographic and disease characteristics were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS and significance was set to p Results The average age of our CLE patients was 48±13 with discoid lupus (n=72, 71.3%) being the most predominant CLE subtype. Patients were mostly female (n=88, 87.1%) and African-American/Black (n=59, 58.4%). Internal consistency ranged from 0.67 to 0.95. A total of five domains, functioning, emotions, symptoms, body image/cosmetic effects and photosensitivity, were extracted with a total explained variance of 71.06%. CLEQoL-related domains correlated with SF-36 domains (r ranging from −0.39 to −0.65). The Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index (CLASI) activity scores correlated positively with the CLEQoL functioning (r=0.24, p Conclusions The CLEQoL was found to be a valid and reliable PRO measure for assessing QoL in patients with CLE. Demonstrating that the CLEQoL has strong psychometric properties is an important step towards the development of a disease-specific PRO measure for future CLE clinical trials. Funding Source(s): This study was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases under Award Number K23AR061441.
Mechanical Characterization and Numerical Modeling of High Density Polyethylene Pipes

The worldwide plastic pipe industry is predicted to experience a dramatic grow over the next decade. As a group of plastic pipes, high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are often employed because of their low-cost production, easy installation, and excellent long-term performance. However, due to their complicated semi-crystalline microstructure and nonlinear time-temperature dependent mechanical behavior, the mechanical characterization of HDPE pipes is very challenging and time consuming. In addition, during the manufacturing of HDPE pipes, the processing conditions (such as molecular orientation, cooling rate, and extrusion injection pressure) can introduce different complex microstructures into the material which yield different material properties. In this study, a robust mechanical characterization approach is developed to support numerical modeling of HDPE pipes. The mechanical tests are performed directly on as-manufactured pipe segments. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data for tensile and internal pressurization (burst) tests and a good agreement is observed.
HiperViz: Interactive visualization of CPU Temperatures in High Performance Computing Centers

This showcase presents HiperViz, an interactive visual interface for real-time monitoring the health status of high-performance computing systems. The objective of our visualization system is threefold: 1) to provide a visual interface for tracking CPU temperatures in large data centers, 2) to detect abnormal events and their temporal and spatial correlations, and 3) to assist system administrators in troubleshooting and maintenance. The visualization showcase is available at https://idatavisualizationlab.github.io/ HPCC/HiperView/demo.html.
The X Club: power and authority in Victorian science: by Ruth Barton, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2018, 576 pp., $55 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780226551616

Despite its cryptic name, the coterie of powerful scientists and activists known as the “X Club” was no secret. Indeed, in this first group biography of the men who made up the club, Ruth Barton de...
Oyster Disease Research Program: Building Gene Expression-Based Predictors of Oyster Summer Mortality Syndrome

Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) fisheries on the U.S. West Coast, Mexico, France and Japan, are significantly impacted by high rates of oyster mortality in the summer months, in California ranging from 52-63%. This summer mortality syndrome (SMS) occurs predominantly in near-market ready oysters and seems to impact reproductive females the most. There is an urgent need for studies to investigate the metabolic and molecular basis of the syndrome, with the goal of identifying, and then producing summer mortality-resistant stocks. The specific hypotheses that we are testing is that changes in hemocyte gene expression could be used as a predictor of the onset of summer mortality, and that these changes in gene expression could be used as a predictor of the onset of the syndrome as well as providing insights into the pathophysiological basis of the disease.
Intergyre Salt Transport in the Climate Warming Response

ABSTRACTRegional connectivity is important to the global climate salinity response, particularly because salinity anomalies do not have a damping feedback with atmospheric freshwater fluxes and may...
Differences in the Reading Performance of Texas Grade 4 Students as a Function of Their Economic Status: A Multiyear, Statewide Analysis

In this study, the degree to which differences were present in the reading performance of Grade 4 Texas students as a function of their economic status (i.e., Not Poor, Moderately Poor, and Very Poor) was analyzed. Data obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for all Grade 4 students in Texas who took the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness Reading exam, were analyzed for the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 school years. In all three years examined, statistically significant differences were established in not only overall reading performance, but also in all three Reading Reporting categories. A clear stair-step effect was present. The higher the degree of poverty, the lower student STAAR Reading test scores were. Finally, the higher the degree of poverty, the lower the percentages of students who met the passing standard on the STAAR Reading exam. Future research and implications for policy and practice are suggested.
Centers for Catholic Studies and the Public Voice of Religion.

This article explores debates about the public role of religion in a secular context. Drawing on the work of critical theorist, JA¼rgen Habermas, this article claims that the United States requires a viable public sphere in which religious and secular voices can learn from each other. Highlighting the work of the Lane Center for Catholic Studies and Social Thought at the University of San Francisco, this article argues that university centers and institutes for Catholic Studies potentially create such spaces to discover the public signifi cance of religion.
Envy, Arrogance, Pride, and Human Flourishing

This chapter contains extensive philosophical analyses of pride and envy. How might we distinguish warranted self-regarding pride from unwarranted self-regarding pride (most particularly, arrogance)? What special dangers does unwarranted pride promote? What is envy? Why is envy so ubiquitous in human affairs? A thorough examination of human well-being casts light on the genesis of and antidotes to these capital vices. This examination includes explanations and assessments of mental state, desire fulfillment, and objective list theories of well-being. Dante celebrates an objective theory of human well-being such that wrongdoing is never in our best long-term interests. Thus, a felicitous, indestructible marriage between expediency and morality frames the human condition. To further illustrate the understandings elucidated in this chapter, I canvass the major exemplars of pride and envy that Dante provides readers in Inferno and Purgatorio.
Characterizing the Heart Rate Response to the 4 × 4 Interval Exercise Protocol.

High intensity interval training is frequently implemented using the 4 × 4 protocol where four 4-min bouts are performed at heart rate (HR) between 85 and 95% HR max. This study identified the HR and power output response to the 4 × 4 protocol in 39 active men and women (age and VO2 max = 26.0 ± 6.1 years and 37.0 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min). Initially, participants completed incremental cycling to assess VO2 max, HR max, and peak power output (PPO). They subsequently completed the 4 × 4 protocol, during which HR and power output were monitored. Data showed that 12.9 ± 0.4 min of 16 min were spent between 85 and 95% HR max, with time spent significantly lower in interval 1 (2.7 ± 0.6 min) versus intervals 2–4 (3.4 ± 0.4 min, 3.4 ± 0.3 min, and 3.5 ± 0.3 min, d = 2.4–2.7). Power output was highest in interval 1 (75% PPO) and significantly declined in intervals 2–4 (63 to 54% PPO, d = 0.7–1.0). To enhance time spent between 85 and 95% HR max for persons with higher fitness, we recommend immediate allocation of supramaximal intensities in interval one.
Everything Is Science: A Free City-Wide Science Festival.

A week-long, city-wide science festival called Everything is Science (EiS) was developed to educate the community in an informal manner. The festival serves as a platform for presenters from diverse professions to give engaging talks (without PowerPoint slides) to the public, free of charge, in restaurants and bars around town. Over 350 people attended the events over five days with 33 presenters. Surveys completed by attendees and session coordinators indicate strong support for this festival. Altogether, the EiS festival serves as a no-cost method to engage with the community and improve science literacy with potential for adoption in other cities.
The Effect of Family Member Attendance at Bariatric Surgery Appointments on Patient and Family Weight-Related Outcomes

To assess the effect of family member attendance at routine pre- and postoperative appointments on early postoperative patients’ weight loss and physical activity levels and family members’ weight control practices. As part of a RCT, patients were randomized to (1) invite a romantic partner or cohabitating family member to attend routine appointments (FA arm) or (2) proceed with treatment as usual (TAU arm). Patients in FA arm were asked to invite their family member to attend four routine appointments (T1 = pre-surgery class, T2 = 1 month pre-surgery, T3 = 2 weeks post-surgery, T4 = 2 months post-surgery). Assessments of patients’ percent excess weight loss (%EWL), change in body mass index (ΔBMI), and levels of physical activity and family members’ weight control practices (dietary control, self-monitoring, physical activity, and psychological coping) were conducted at T1–T4 with all dyads, and attendance was documented. Of the 213 dyads approached, 63 dyads consented to participate. There were no significant differences in patient outcomes between FA and TAU arms or based on consistent attendance of family members. There were no significant differences in weight control practices between FA and TAU dyads. At T3 and T4, family members with consistent attendance reported higher self-monitoring, physical activity, and psychological control practices. Family members with consistent attendance reported significant increases in physical activity and psychological control practices from T1 to T4. Family member attendance at routine appointments had greater positive effects on family members rather than on patient outcomes.
Plasma Zinc Correlations with Markers of Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Adults; a Cross Sectional Phenotyping Study

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation which is characterized by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers. Studies have reported...
Does Voting by Mail Increase Fraud? Estimating the Change in Reported Voter Fraud When States Switch to Elections By Mail

We estimate the change in the reported number of voter fraud cases when states switch to conducting elections by mail. We consider two types of states in which voting is facilitated by mail: states...
Interactions of Urea-Based Inhibitors with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

In this study, molecular interactions of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with five chemically distinct urea-based boron-containing inhibitors have been investigated at the atomic level us...
Einfluß der Sauerstoffreinheit auf die Schneidgeschwindigkeit und die Schneidkosten beim Laserstrahlschneiden

Ob ein durch Laserstrahlbrennschneiden hergestelltes Bauteil gute Schnittqualitat aufweist, die Schnittunterkante schlackenfrei ist, hangt von den vorgewahlten Schneidparametern ab, z. B. der Laserleistung, der Schneidgeschwindigkeit, dem Schneidsauerstoffdruck, dem Dusenabstand, der Fokuslage, dem zu schneidenden Werkstoff usw. Ein sehr wichtiger Einflusfaktor ist die Sauerstoffreinheit. Um zu untersuchen, wie sich die Sauerstoffreinheit beim Laserstrahlbrennschneiden auswirkt, wurden anhand von Schneidversuchen an verschiedenen Blechdicken und mit verschiedenen simulierten Sauerstoffarten die maximal mogliche Schneidgeschwindigkeit ermittelt, bei der die Schnittunterkante schlackenfrei und die Gratbildung ein Minimum ist.
Transforming the NAS: The Next Generation Air Traffic Control System

The next-generation air traffic control system must be designed to safely and efficiently accommodate the large growth of traffic expected in the near future. It should be sufficiently scalable to contend with the factor of 2 or more increase in demand expected by the year 2020. Analysis has shown that the current method of controlling air traffic cannot be scaled up to provide such levels of capacity. Therefore, to achieve a large increase in capacity while also giving pilots increased freedom to optimize their flight trajectories requires a fundamental change in the way air traffic is controlled. The key to achieving a factor of 2 or more increase in airspace capacity is to automate separation monitoring and control and to use an air-ground data link to send trajectories and clearances directly between ground-based and airborne systems. In addition to increasing capacity and offering greater flexibility in the selection of trajectories, this approach also has the potential to increase safety by reducing controller and pilot errors that occur in routine monitoring and voice communication tasks.
Diel distribution of copepods across a channel of an overwash mangrove island

The distribution of copepod species and their nauplii was studied in a narrow, blind channel on an overwash mangrove island offshore of Belize. Copepodids were sampled with a pump at five stations across the channel during a diel cycle. Diel changes of copepodid stages II – VI were marked by horizontal dispersal of Dioithona oculata, the dominant species, from swarms in the prop roots along the shore during the day to the edge of the prop root habitat at night. Migration of copepodids back to the prop roots appeared to be controlled endogenously because change from a night to a daytime age structure began before first light. Mean copepodid stage at subsurface depths in the channel and prop root edge decreased from 4.2 (with 6.0 = all adults) to 2.9 at predawn to 1.1 during day. The oceanic Oithona nana and O. simplex, and the coastal zone O. fonsecae were evenly distributed with depth and distance from shore during day and night, with avoidance of prop root shoreline during day. These species were much less abundant than Dioithona oculata in the prop roots, but of comparable or greater abundance in the channel. Coastal zone Acartia spinata exhibited evidence of swarming. Nauplii, sampled with a 25μm plankton net, were dominated by harpacticoid (50%) and cyclopoid (34%) nauplii, which generally were more abundant at 1m than at the surface and more abundant at night than the day. Lagrangian current measurements indicated velocities at ebb tide twice those of flood tide (1.9 vs. 0.8 cm s−1) and a minimal residence time of 5 days, which could result in advection of D. oculata nauplii out of the Lair Channel before their recruitment into swarms as copepodid stage II. Previously reported maximum swimming speeds of swarming D. oculata copepodid stages (2.0 cm s−1) and greater densities in prop roots and near the benthos may help copepodids avoid advection. The swarming behavior and diel horizontal migration (or dispersal) reported for D. oculata appears analogous to that of limnetic zooplankton, which may swarm among macrophytes along shorelines during the day to avoid visual predators and disperse or migrate away from the shoreline at night.
Describing self-assembly of nanostructures

We outline an algebraic model for describing complex structures obtained through self-assembly of molecular building blocks and show that, with this model, the assembled structure can be associated to a language and it can be determined up to congruence.
Chapter 1 Visible Light-Emitting Diodes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Visible LEDs have been available commercially since the 1960s. The early LEDs utilized the gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) materials system. They were direct energy-gap devices with near-band edge emission, which limited them to the red-spectral region with an emission wavelength of 650 nm because of the direct–indirect energy-gap transition at higher energies. These are indirect energy-gap devices, but the presence of the nitrogen trap, which is an efficient recombination center, enables them to achieve a surprisingly high level of luminous performance. To manufacture a practical visible LED, a number of basic materials properties must be well understood and technical challenges must be overcome, such as electron and hole transport, recombination mechanisms (radiative versus nonradiative), and the role of defects in these processes. An intermediate approach is to utilize a blue LED to pump a broadband yellow phosphor for indicator applications requiring white light.
Mexican Flypaper: Money Sticks Where it Hits . . . But Every Time?

This article uses the flypaper effect theory to analyze the asymmetric effect of revenue-sharing transfers on spending by state governments in Mexico. Studies in the field commonly assume that the expenditure response to a marginal change in a transfer is the same across the board, but the characteristics of each local government can be so different that the assumption seems unrealistic. This article uses a panel of 31 Mexican states to derive effect measures for each entity. The analysis shows that differences in the spending outcomes exist and that there is a connection between the magnitude of the response and the income level of the recipient. If the goal is to attain a sustainable fiscal decentralization, it would be a mistake to assume that all states behave in the same way. Este articulo utiliza la teoria del “papel matamoscas” para analizar las asimetrias en el impacto de las transferencias no condicionadas en el gasto de los gobiernos estatales en Mexico. Los estudios en esta area usualmente asumen que la respuesta del gasto a un cambio marginal en la transferencia es el mismo en todos los casos. Sin embargo, las caracteristicas de los gobiernos locales pueden ser tan divergentes que este supuesto parece ser poco realista. El articulo utiliza una muestra de 31 estados mexicanos para medir el impacto de las transferencias en el gasto de cada entidad. El analisis muestra que existen diferencias entre los estados y que existe una conexion entre la magnitud del impacto de la transferencia y el nivel de ingreso de quien la recibe. Si la intencion es lograr una descentralizacion fiscal sustentable, seria un error asumir que todos los estados se comportan de la misma manera.
Intellectual property landscape and patenting opportunity in biofuels

The oil embargo of the 1970s forced a realisation that our fossil fuel resources are finite and fast dwindling. Three decades later, this realisation is once again hitting us hard. The good news is that this time around there is a high degree of scientific confidence that a commercially viable, renewable transportation energy resource, competitive with fossil fuel in terms of cost, may be realised within the next 10 to 20 years. Much of this is the result of the recent scientific breakthroughs in genomics and bioengineering. In recent years, a significant number of start-up biofuel companies have emerged and are offering novel biofuel technologies that promise to move these emerging technologies past the research and development stage and into commercialisation. These companies are well advised to develop a viable intellectual property (IP) strategy and a strong patent portfolio to attract investment. This paper is intended to introduce the reader to the emerging biofuel IP landscape and to identify patenting opportunity.
Automated digital light modulation microscope (DLMM) for living cell array analysis: pattern recognition and spatial alignment

The Microscale Life Sciences Center at the University of Washington is developing a suite of technologies that combine high-density cell assays and automatic platforms to achieve high-content living cell screening. The use of microfluidic cell arrays allows for the manipulation of cells and control of biochemical stimuli in parallel, making automated operation possible. However, screening the microscale cell arrays is still slow because the current imaging techniques can only observe cells sequentially and lacks feedback to control light in the interrogating regions of interest (ROI). In this paper, we report using a digital light modulation microscope (DLMM) that observes cells in the arrays in parallel so the throughput can increase dramatically. We have developed and present an algorithm to align the light modulator to the imager and to determine the ROI automatically
On mediated search of the united states holocaust memorial museum data

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) recently celebrated its ten-year anniversary. The museum was established to bear witness to the human atrocities committed by the Nazi reign of terror. As such, related data must be collected, and means to store, search, and analyze the data must be provided. Presently, the data avail- able reside in various formats, sizes, and structures, in videotape and films, in microfilms and microfiche, in various incompatible structured databases, as unstructured electronic documents, and semi-structured indexes scattered throughout the organizations. Collected data are par- titioned over more than a dozen languages, further complicating their processing. There is currently no single search mechanism or even de- partment of human experts that can sift through all the data in a fash- ion that provides global, uniform access. We are currently experimenting with our developed Intranet Mediator technology to provide answers, rather than a potential list of sources as provided by common search en- gines, to questions posed in natural language by Holocaust researchers. A description of a prototype that uses a subset of the data available within the USHMM is described.
G alpha i-3 regulates epithelial Na+ channels by activation of phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase pathways.

Polarized renal epithelial cells have pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi proteins at their apical membrane capable of modulating Na+ channel activity (Cantiello, H.F., Patenaude, C.R., and Ausiello, D.A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20867-20870). In this study, the patch clamp technique was used to assess if this Gi-mediated regulation of Na+ channels is a component of a phospholipid signal transduction pathway. In excised inside-out patches of apical membranes of A6 cells, guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S)-stimulated Na+ channel activity (percent open time and channel number) was inhibited by the phospholipase inhibitor mepacrine (50 microM), which had no effect on single channel conductance. In contrast, Na+ channel activity increased in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner following the addition of 100 nM mellitin to untreated or pertussis toxin-treated patches. Addition of 10 microM arachidonic acid in the presence of mepacrine increased Na+ channel activity. Both percent open time and Na+ channel number induced by GTP gamma S, the exogenous alpha i-3 subunit, or arachidonic acid were inhibited by the addition of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Na+ channel activity was restored with the addition of leukotriene D4 (100 nM) or the parental leukotriene substrate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (10 microM). Thus, Gi activation of apical membrane epithelial Na+ channels is mediated through the regulation of phospholipase and lipoxygenase activities. This apically located signal transduction pathway may be sensitive to, or independent of, classical second messengers generated at the basolateral membrane and known to be responsible for modulation of Na+ channel activity in epithelia.
Synthesizing Coordination Requirements for Heterogeneous Autonomous Agents

As agents move into ever more important applications, there is a natural growth in interest in techniques for synthesizing multiagent systems. We describe an approach for engineering the coordination requirements of a multiagent system based on an analysis of conversation instances extracted from usage scenarios. This approach exploits the notion of Dooley graphs that were recently introduced to the multiagent systems community from the linguistics and discourse analysis literature. We show how, with a few key modifications, Dooley graphs can be used to generate coordination requirements and constraints on the behavior models of the agents participating in a multiagent system. Our present approach is embodied in the context of our recent work on a distributed coordination service for heterogeneous, autonomous agents. This approach takes as input (a) agent skeletons, giving compact descriptions of the given agents in terms of their events that are significant for coordination, as well as (b) relationships among the events occurring in these skeletons. A natural question is how may the skeletons and relationships be produced in the first place. It turns out that a methodology that begins with Dooley graphs can readily yield the skeletons and relationships needed to achieve the desired coordination. Consequently, our approach combines the benefits of an intuitive methodology with a formal and distributed framework for developing multiagent systems from autonomous agents.
In-flight transport performance optimization: an experimental flight research program and an operational scenario

A flight research program exploring the practical application of real-time performance optimization based on aircraft measurements and calculation of incremental drag from forced-response maneuvers is presented. The outboard ailerons of the L-1011 test bed aircraft were modified to provide for symmetric deflections to permit a recambering of the wing in that localized area, which in turn modifies the entire wing load distribution. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration developed an onboard research engineering test station from which the flight experiments are conducted and all analyses, both qualitative and quantitative, are performed in a real-time or near real-time manner. Initial flight test results are presented that indicate real-time drag minimization is attainable. An approach to an operational implementation of adaptive performance optimization on current and future commercial and military transports is discussed with the goal of keeping the required modifications simple and the pilot interface minimal and user friendly.
Laser ablation patterning for low cost 3D die packaging

High cost has been the barrier in the wide spread application of high density 3D die packaging. Current industry technologies add $75 to $300 per die to provide packaged die in a 3D memory cube format. A novel patterning approach employing excimer laser ablation reduces the die reroute process and cube fabrication process steps by over two thirds. This reduces the estimated added cost to well under $25 per die. Two process developments were necessary to achieve this step function reduction in cost; a vapor deposited polyimide process and a thin film metal ablation process, both processes are accomplished on bare die. The vapor deposition polymerization process allows the formation of solventless films through vacuum co-evaporation of a dianhydride and diamine. The excimer laser ablation process is widely used to ablate vias in polyimide at a very high rate. Its use as a method of patterning thin film metal is atypical. Its use in patterning die on the face and edge in a single process set-up is unique. Results on using both processes to build inexpensive 3D memory products will be presented.
Selective ablation of antennular sensilla on the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus suggests that dual antennular chemosensory pathways mediate odorant activation of searching and localization of food

In spiny lobsters and other decapod crustaceans, odorant-mediated searching behavior patterns are driven primarily by chemosensory neurons in the antennules. Two groups of antennular chemosensory neurons can be distinguished on the basis of the sensilla that they innervate and their central projections: those that innervate the aesthetasc sensilla on the lateral flagella and project into the glomerularly organized olfactory lobes, and those that innervate other (i.e. non-aesthetasc) sensilla on both lateral and medial flagella and project into the stratified and non-glomerularly organized lateral antennular neuropils. By ablating different groups of antennular sensory neurons or sensilla, we examined the role of aesthetasc and non-aesthetasc chemosensory neurons in regulating local searching behavior of Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, for food (squid) in a low-flow environment. The results show that odorant-mediated activation of searching and localization of food under these conditions requires only a subset of functional antennular chemosensory neurons, since neither aesthetasc chemosensory neurons nor non-aesthetasc chemosensory neurons are by themselves necessary for these types of behavior. However, ablation of aesthetasc chemosensory neurons together with subsets of non-aesthetasc chemosensory neurons from either the medial or lateral flagella impairs the ability of lobsters to locate the food. This reveals a large degree of functional redundancy but also some complementary functions between aesthetasc and non-aesthetasc chemosensory neurons, and hence between these dual antennular chemosensory pathways, in odorant-mediated searching behavior of lobsters under these conditions.
Measurement of Cell Adhesion and Migration on Protein-Coated Surfaces

The performance of biomaterials for in vivo and in vitro applications can depend critically on tissue cell adhesion and migration. We have been investigating the role that specific reversible interactions between cell adhesion receptors and complementary substratum-bound ligands play in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. With an axisymmetric radial flow detachment assay (RFDA) [1] we measured cell-substratum adhesive strength for human smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) on surfaces coated with type IV collagen (CIV). We found that the critical shear stress for detachment increased linearly with increasing CIV coating concentration. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy and image analysis we tracked the movement of individual HSMCs over similar CIV-coated surfaces. Cell speed and persistence were determined for variations in CIV coating concentration by applying a persistent random walk model for individual cell movement. Cell speed reached a maximum at an intermediate concentration of CIV, supporting the hypothesis that an optimal cell-substratum adhesiveness exists for HSMC movement. This combination of techniques for measuring adhesion and motility provides a valuable tool to examine the role of cell-biomaterial interactions on cell behavior.
Ionic conductivity in Cu-substituted Ag3SBr

Abstract Nominally pure polycrystalline samples of Ag 3− x Cu x SBr in the composition range x =0→0.25 were prepared from the melt and annealed at 473 K for 6 months. For the x =0 compound, faint traces of unreacted AgBr can be detected by X-ray diffraction. As composition parameter x increases in the Cu-substituted samples, the cubic structure of Ag 3 SBr is gradually lost while the proportion of unreacted silver halide grows. We investigate the effect of Cu substitution on the ionic conductivity of Ag 3 SBr. With only small quantities of Cu replacing Ag in this compound, one observes a large reduction in the magnitude of the first-order conductivity change associated with the β–γ phase transition at 126 K. Furthermore, the activation energy governing Ag migration is increased in both the high-temperature β phase and the low-temperature γ phase with increasing Cu substitution.
Comparative effects of inhaled silica or synthetic graphite dusts on rat alveolar cells

Alterations in population profiles, morphology, and phagocytic activity of lung cells followingin vivo exposure of Fischer 344 rats to a single dose of silica, were compared to similar changes following exposure to synthetic graphite. The effect of silica exposure on alveolar macro-phage mycocidal activity was also measured. Acute exposure by inhalation to 100 mg/m3 silica dust produced persistent pulmonary inflammation, as well as long-term changes in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) typical of macrophage activation. Both particles were steadily cleared from the lungs; AM from the silica study, as well as from the 100 and 500 mg/m3 graphite studies, contained ingested particles throughout the entire 3 month experimental period. Lavaged pulmonary cells showed no reduction in viability as a result of exposure to either of the dusts. After silica inhalation, the following changes were observed constantly in bronchopulmonary lavage cell samples: increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), hypersegmented PMN, binucleated AM, increased AM phagocytic indices and capacities, and increased mycocidal activity. Following inhalation of 1–100 mg/m3 synthetic graphite the above-mentioned effects were not seen. Exposure to 500 mg/m3 graphite produced transient inflammation and AM activation for about 24–48 hr.
Factors Influencing Career Choice and Satisfaction in Pediatrics

The “dissatisfied pediatrician syndrome” has been manifested in an extremely high career burn-out rate among pediatricians. This study's purpose was to cite factors which lead to career satisfaction and dissatisfaction or burn-out in pediatricians. METHODOLOGY: Pediatricians (87) surveyed in Washington, D.C. and at the fall 1983 AAP meeting career assessment exhibit (125) completed a questionnaire, the FIRO-B Scale, and Rezler Learning Preference Inventory. 63% were in practice, 32% in academics, and 5% in research or other. 73% were males; 27% were females. RESULTS: Many pediatricians, unrelated to career choice or satisfaction, reported feeling stressed and tense. Dissatisfying factors were: long hours, busy workloads, inadequate remuneration, stress, and malpractice threats. Academicians found the difficulty of balancing patient care, administration, research, and teaching responsibilities and the lack of support and time for research and teaching to be dissatisfying. Practitioners reported endless telephone calls, practice management, insecurity, routine work, limited time for research and teaching and lack of contact with peers to be dissatisfying. The time spent in patient care, teaching, administration, and research were found to significantly correlate with career satisfaction. Career profiles for pediatricians in practice and academics were predictable based on study results.
A Catalytically Active, Permanently Microporous MOF with Metalloporphyrin Struts

Through the use of the tetratopic ligand 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene as a key building block, a permanently microporous metal-organic framework with Lewis acidic (porphyrin)Zn struts, ZnPO-MOF, can be made in high yields. ZnPO-MOF can efficiently catalyze acyl-transfer reactions primarily by preconcentrating the substrates within its pores, in stark contrast to analogous supramolecular systems.
EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON THE BOVINE CARCASS

Six grain-fed steer carcasses with weights ranging from 163 kg to 232 kg were randomly assigned to low voltage electrical stimulation (45 V., 1.5 A., pulsation cycle of 1.5 s for duration of 150 s) or no stimulation treatments. The longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were studied using high temperature (12 h at 32° to 39°C, then 36h at -2° to 0°C) and low temperature (36 h at -14° to -12°C) periods. Shear force, cooking loss, drip loss and taste panel data were taken. Shear force data indicated that differences (P < 0.05) existed between electrically stimulated and nonstimulated hot boned LD and ST muscle. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) in drip and cooking losses were detected. The duo-trio test indicated that panelists were able to detect a difference between electrically stimulated (ES) and nonstimulated muscle (P < 0.05). Preference tests indicated that panelists were also able to detect a difference between chill and delay chill. Ratings showed that a statistical difference was detected between ES and hot processed muscles.
Market Trading Structures and Asset Pricing: Evidence from the Treasury-Bill Markets

Earlier studies report signfficant price disparities betweenfutures andforward or spot markets. Examining the Treasury-bill markets, this article demonstrates that differences in market trading structures explain these disparities. Treasury-billfutures rates contain significantly lower liquidity and default premia than do syntheticforward rates. this reflects the functioning of a futures' clearing association and differences between an open-outcry auction futures market and an over-the-counter dealer spot market. The same factors that make futures contracts nonredundant securities also explain the existence, in equilibrium, of price disparities.