cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matching requests for agent services with differentiated vocabulary

To enable decentralized development of large societies of agents, agents should be able to selectively team with others based on declarative descriptions of services, rather than a priori knowledge. This capability is difficult to achieve because descriptions written by different developers may be terminologically heterogenous— including vocabulary from ontologies that are potentially inconsistent. For example, one agent might describe its service as (a formal equivalent of) “query planning for high-school biology”, while another agent wants to “find collections for advanced life sciences”. We want the latter agent to recognize that the former might satisfy its request. We have completed research on two aspects of this problem. Our Service Classifier Agent (SCA) supports selection of agent services in societies that are dynamic and evolving, but whose agents all use the same ontologies [Weinstein and Birmingham 97]. We have also developed an algorithm that identifies maximal similarity between concept definitions that are terminologically heterogenous [Weinstein 95]. The SCA uses description logic to maintain a subsumption taxonomy of available services. Agents define their services at runtime, using terms from a set of ontologies associated with the SCA (including the taxonomy of services). To find services, agents query the SCA. Queries describe the ideal service desired, but find the best available. If a new agent meets a request better than was previously possible, the requesting agent may automatically switch to using the new agent. The SCA thus facilitates evolution of the society to meet users' needs. Previously, ontologies used for agent communication have described the task domain, rather than agent services. To assess similarity despite terminological heterogeneity, we build rough mappings between source and target concepts. Mappings are sets of one-to-one correspondences between subgraphs in the source and target concepts. Of many possible mappings between a pair of concepts, the largest and most densely linked are evaluated as the best (these ideas come from research in analogy; see Owen [90] for a lucid overview).
B-Spline Approximation

This is the second volume of A Manual of Computer Graphics. This textbook/reference is big because the discipline of computer graphics is big. There are simply many topics, techniques, and algorithms to discuss, explain, and illustrate by examples. Because of the large number of pages, the book has been produced in two volumes. However, this division of the book into volumes is only technical and the book should be considered a single unit.
Operative Treatment for a Painful Nonunion Avulsion Fracture of the Femoral Attachment of the Medial Collateral Ligament in a Teenager: A Case Report.

Case A 13-year-old female gymnast presented with medial knee pain despite several months of nonoperative management for a valgus hyperextension injury resulting in a bony avulsion fracture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) origin at the medial femoral condyle. The MCL was repaired via open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a single 4.0 mm cannulated screw and washer. Conclusions ORIF is a successful treatment option for extra-articular bony MCL origin avulsion fractures that fail conservative treatment. Following surgical intervention and structured physical therapy, our patient had full return to sports at 10 months.
Detection of Retained Foreign Objects in Upper Extremity Surgical Procedures With Incisions of Two Centimeters or Smaller.

Background While the true incidence of retained foreign bodies after surgery is unknown, it has been approximated at 1:5,500 operations overall, with substantially less frequency in hand and upper extremity procedures. Despite the rarity of foreign body retention in hand and upper extremity surgery, universal radiofrequency scanning for electronically-tagged sponges and automatic radiographic evaluation for incorrect sponge counts are employed for all surgical procedures at our institution. We demonstrate the infeasibility of retaining an operative sponge of a standard size in commonly performed hand and upper extremity procedures with incision sizes of two centimeters or less, and establish that visual detection of sponges in these cases is adequate. Methods Eighteen trigger finger releases, five carpal tunnel releases, three trigger thumb releases, and three de Quervain's tenosynovitis releases were successfully performed upon five cadaveric specimens by residents under supervision of fellowship-trained hand surgeons for a total of 29 two-centimeter or smaller incisions. Randomized surgical sponge placement was evaluated by a blinded observer at two distances and incision sizes were quantified. Kappa values were calculated to determine the acuity of visual detection versus the actual presence of a sponge. Results The maximum length of the standard surgical sponge that could be contained within an incision was three centimeters. When compared with the gold standard (whether the sponge had been placed or not by the operating resident), the placement of a standard surgical sponge could be detected correctly in 100% of cases at both "across the room" and "at the table" distances, for kappa values of 1.0 and 1.0 respectively. This did not vary with incision size or surgical procedure. Conclusions The added cost and time from radiofrequency detection of retained sponges and radiographic evaluation in the event of incorrect sponge counts can be safely eliminated if sponges can be reliably visually detected. Clinical relevance This cadaveric study informs patient safety practices by demonstrating that visual detection of surgical sponges is adequate for certain upper extremity procedures.
Experimental evaluation of depth controllers for a small-size AUV

This paper presents the experimental evaluation of different depth control strategies for a small sized low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). A cascaded adaptive dynamic model (AdaptDM) control law is introduced to compensate for environmental disturbances. The controller is based on a cascaded structure and the gains of the architecture are estimated based on the interactions between the controller components. This control architecture is compared with the classical decoupled Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller when the vehicle performs tasks in unstructured environments. For controlled environments we evaluated the behaviour of the AdaptDM controller with Proportional Integral Limited (PILIM) structure and a nonlinear sliding mode (SM) controller. The experimental results show low steady-state error when AdaptDM is used, leading to smooth behaviours of small size AUVs performing environmental monitoring.
Effects of 3D Antenna Radiation and Two-Hop Relaying on Optimal UAV Trajectory in Cellular Networks

In this paper, considering an interference limited inband downlink cellular network, we study the effects of scheduling criteria, mobility constraints, path loss models, backhaul constraints, and 3D antenna radiation pattern on trajectory optimization problem of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In particular, we consider a UAV that is tasked to travel between two locations within a given amount of time (e.g., for delivery or surveillance purposes), and we consider that such a UAV can be used to improve cellular connectivity of mobile users by serving as a relay for the terrestrial network. As the optimization problem is hard to solve numerically, we explore the dynamic programming (DP)technique for finding the optimum UAV trajectory. We utilize capacity and coverage performance of the terrestrial network while studying all the effects of different techniques and phenomenon. Extensive simulations show that the maximum sum-rate trajectory provides the best per user capacity whereas, the optimal proportional fair (PF)rate trajectory provides higher coverage probability than the other two. Since, the generated trajectories are infeasible for the UAV to follow exactly as it can not take sharp turns due to kinematic constraints, we generate smooth trajectory using Bezier curves. Our results show that the cellular capacity using the Bezier curves is close to the capacity observed when using the optimal trajectories.
Comparison of computed tomography hepatic steatosis criteria for identification of abnormal liver function and clinical risk factors, in incidentally noted fatty liver.

OBJECTIVES Hounsfield Units (HU) to compare the various computed tomography (CT) criteria for diagnosing hepatic steatosis with laboratory liver function parameters, and clinical risk factors retrospectively, when hepatic steatosis was incidentally detected. METHODS Institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, retrospective study in 200 randomly selected patients who had either nonenhanced CT (NECT) or contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) studies with reported hepatic steatosis. The participants were matched to age, gender, and ethnicity with 200 patients without hepatic steatosis. For NECT, four different criteria have been proposed in the literature to diagnose fatty liver: (1) liver HU less than 48 HU; (2) ratio of liver to spleen HU less than 0.8; (3) HU difference between liver and spleen less than -10; and (4) hepatic vessel HU ≥ liver HU. For CECT, difference between liver and spleen HU, in portal venous phase, ≤ -20 to -25 HU. Serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amino alanine transferase (ALT), total bilirubin were documented. Clinical history and clinical risk factors were documented from the electronic health records. Matched analyses and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test analysis were performed for matched variables. RESULTS Fatty liver by NECT criteria 1 and 3 has statistically significant correlation with elevated glucose levels (P = 0.02). Similarly, fatty liver by 1, 3, and 4 NECT criteria showed statistically significant associations with higher levels of ALT and AST. There were statistically significant higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.003) and alcohol consumption (P ≤ 0.0001) in cases when compared with the controls. There was marginal significance in CT Dose Index between cases and controls (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00; odds ratio 0.99), reflecting that cases had slightly higher BMI compared to their matched controls, thereby requiring slightly higher mA/mAs for imaging. CONCLUSION Particular NECT criteria for fatty liver are best at identification of abnormal liver function and certain comorbidities, in the setting of incidental fatty liver detection, This creates the potential for benefits of early detection in clinical management.
Prediction of Diabetes Progression Using Statistical Modeling

In the United States of America, more than 100 million adults currently live with diabetes mellitus as well as prediabetes, a condition that occurs as a result of elevated blood sugar levels. Diabetes mellitus can be identified in a series of laboratory tests where blood must be drawn to analyze a multitude of parameters such as Glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HGBA1C), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Cholesterol (CHOL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein calculated (LDL_CALC), and Triglyceride (TRIG). This disease must be identified in its early stages because diabetes mellitus can lead to heart and blood vessel problems which may be fatal to the patient. This research looks at a dataset spanning ten years of a patient comprehensively to see the patterns established and how they can be useful in advising lifestyle and routine changes to prevent diabetes mellitus of a patient. In order to predict the Diabetes Mellitus parameters, statistical computation and graphical visualization was implemented using the “R” programming language. In R, different approaches were taken to explore the data in two different ways, the parameters versus the data. The parameters were looked at with the principal component analysis (PCA) approach to understand the effects of critical parameters to the patient. The data was analyzed with regards to the integrity of the patient's health as well as potential symptoms they may experience. The clustering technique was used to group the data in a way that visually represented the interactions amongst the points. Clustering serves as an easy way to organize data and detach it from details that may not be as important as the points themselves. PCA and clustering are purely descriptive statistics that can tell a physician about the patient's current health condition, but does not give them information about future symptoms. In order to create predictive models to foresee how the parameters will fluctuate over the next ten years, Vector Auto Regressive models (VARS) can be utilized. These additive models can inform a physician about how the patient's parameters are progressing within a time frame. The prediction results are within three standard deviation values which will provide the low and high range values when generating the models.
Oscillation of Third Order Differential Equations with and without Delay

Sufficient conditions are obtained for the solutions of third order differential equations to be oscillatory or to approach zero monotonically as t → ∞.
Batch Misalignment Calibration of Multiple Three-Axis Sensors.

When using multiple three-axis sensors, misalignments between the sensors can corrupt the measurements even when each individual sensor is itself well calibrated. An algorithm was developed to determine the misalignment between any two three-axis sensors whose unit vectors are known in the inertial frame and can be measured by the sensor in body coordinates. This is a batch algorithm, assuming each sensor has been individually calibrated, and requires no extraneous equipment. The input to the misalignment algorithm is a locus of measurements, the paired body-fixed measurements of both sensors, and the known unit vectors for each in inertial coordinates. The output of the algorithm is the misalignment direction cosine matrix matrix such that the second (slave) sensor can be rotated into a consistent coordinate frame as the first (master) sensor. The algorithm works both with heterogenous and homogenous sensors (e.g., accelerometer and magnetometer or multiple magnetometers). The algorithm was validated using Monte Carlo simulations for both large and small misalignments, with and without realistic sensor noise, and shows excellent convergence properties. The algorithm is demonstrated experimentally on a small UAV sensor package and on a small satellite equipped with three high quality magnetometers. In both cases, the algorithm identifies large misalignments created during installation, as well as residual small misalignments when sensing axes are aligned.
Outcome benefit of arterial duplex stent imaging after superficial femoral artery stent implantation.

Abstract Objective In-stent stenosis is a frequent complication of superficial femoral artery (SFA) endovascular intervention and can lead to stent occlusion or symptom recurrence. Arterial duplex stent imaging (ADSI) can be used in the surveillance for recurrent stenosis; however, its uniform application is controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine, in patients undergoing SFA stent implantation, whether surveillance with ADSI yielded a better outcome than in those with only ankle-brachial index (ABI) follow-up. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing SFA stent implantation for occlusive disease at a tertiary care referral center between 2009 and 2016. The patients were divided into those with ADSI and those with ABI follow-up only. Life-table analysis comparing stent patency, major adverse limb events (MALEs), limb salvage, and mortality between groups was performed. Results There were 248 patients with SFA stent implantation included, 160 in the ADSI group and 88 in the ABI group. Groups were homogeneous in clinical indications of claudication and critical limb-threatening ischemia (for ADSI, 39% and 61%; for ABI, 38% and 62%; P = .982) and TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class A, B, C, and D lesions (for ADSI, 17%, 45%, 16%, and 22%; for ABI, 21%, 43%, 16%, and 20%; P = .874). Primary patency was similar between groups at 12, 36, and 56 months (ADSI, 65%, 43%, and 32%; ABI, 69%, 34%, and 34%; P = .770), whereas ADSI patients showed an improved assisted primary patency (84%, 68%, and 54%) vs ABI patients (76%, 38%, and 38%; P = .008) and secondary patency. There was greater freedom from MALEs in the ADSI group (91%, 76%, and 64%) vs the ABI group (79%, 46%, and 46%; P Conclusions In SFA stent implantation, patients with ADSI follow-up demonstrate an advantage in assisted primary patency and secondary patency and are more likely to undergo an endovascular reintervention. These factors are likely to have effected a decrease in MALEs, indicating the benefit of a more universal adoption of post-SFA stent implantation follow-up ADSI.
The Shareability of Concepts

Johns applies his theory of irreducible and withdrawn relations to concepts themselves. He argues that a concept has both a relational element to it (a concept corresponds to its environment) and acts as a property (an entity which is not identical to what it corresponds to). Johns also states that the concept itself is not aware of itself as an entity and hence concepts are necessarily withdrawn. Johns uses the philosophy of Rene Descartes and Pierre Klossowski to develop this argument and finishes the chapter describing how sharing/communicating concepts may be possible under this theory of irreducible, withdrawn, object-like characterisation of concepts.
Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Prior Contralateral Above-Knee Amputation: A Report of 10 Cases

Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of a prior contralateral above-knee amputation (AKA) represents a rare scenario with limited reported outcomes. As such, it is difficult for surgeons to effectively counsel these patients relative to risks and expected outcomes after TKA. We report outcomes for a series of 10 such patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our institution from 2005 to 2018 who underwent a primary TKA and prior contralateral AKA and had a minimum 12-month follow-up. Data regarding complications, ambulatory status, reported pain, patient demographics, length of follow-up, and comorbidities were obtained. Results Ten patients met criteria. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years. Six reported no pain or improved pain with weight-bearing. Ambulatory status worsened for 5 patients, remained unchanged for 3, and improved for 2. Five patients had significant postoperative complications: infection requiring repeat surgery (3), quadriceps tendon rupture (1), and revision for implant failure and instability (1). Patients in this cohort had a median of 3 medical comorbidities known to affect postoperative outcomes and complication rates. Conclusions While a contralateral AKA is not an absolute contraindication to TKA, these results should influence patient counseling. Most of our cohort benefited from improved pain, but only 2 of 10 had improved ambulation and half had significant complications. Medical comorbidities may have contributed to these complications. Surgeons contemplating TKA in this situation might consider modified postoperative recovery protocols and aggressive preoperative optimization of medical comorbidities to lower the risk of complication in this high-risk population.
The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis marsh.). III: Sex expression

Browsed Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) populations have a higher proportion of males and a lower proportion of monoecious plants than unbrowsed yew populations. The proportion of monoecious plants increases with time following protection from browsing suggesting that deer browsing causes male-biased sex expression in Canada yew. In contrast, results from comparing browsed and unbrowsed populations, exclosure studies, and browse simulation experiments indicate that strobilus ratios and phenotypic gender of browsed yews may be female-biased. In part, these results correspond to the influence of size on sex expression in Canada yew; small yews tend to be male, but if monoecious, have female-biased strobilus ratios. Large yews are monoecious, but have male-biased strobilus ratios. There is, however, no consistent relationship between size and gender in Canada yew, suggesting that in some circumstances, yews shift allocation to female function in response to browsing.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, screening, and assessment of hepatic reserve.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This review summarizes the epidemiology and causes of the disease, and the roles of screening and surveillance for early tumour detection. It also highlights the important role of assessment of hepatic reserve in consideration of appropriate staging and treatment.
Managing Perspectives, Keeping History “Good” and Safe

This chapter explores the racial politics involved in a highly successful museum-writing project on the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 carried out during its 2012 sesquicentennial in southern Minnesota. Specifically, the chapter analyzes negotiations between white instructors and students as they co-authored an exhibit panel displaying “settler perspectives” for a majority-white audience. Interview data reveal the explicit privileging of a “white-guy” identity behind the project and its discursive distribution through use of the inclusive pronoun we, recruiting students to take up the standardizing “white-guy” identity themselves. As the chapter unfolds, it reveals the development of an exhibit panel “balanced” in the direction of white victimhood, foiling one student’s initial hopes of exposing ways white supremacy shaped injustices in 1862. Ultimately, the chapter provides further evidence of a white public pedagogy of fear, directing instructors and students away from critical social justice and toward white justice as fairness.
Chemopreventive Effect of Statin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis.

INTRODUCTION To estimate the annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced liver fibrosis, to determine the risk factors for the development of HCC, and to evaluate the chemoprotective effect of statin use stratified by fibrosis stage. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study at 2 US tertiary academic centers, including patients with NASH-related advanced liver fibrosis (bridging fibrosis [F3] and cirrhosis [F4]) followed between July 2002 and June 2016. Patients were followed from the date of diagnosis to the time of last abdominal imaging, liver transplantation, or HCC diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with HCC development, stratified by fibrosis stage. RESULTS A total of 1,072 patients were included: 122 patients with F3 fibrosis and 950 patients with cirrhosis. No HCC was observed during 602 person-year follow-up among F3 patients. Among patients with cirrhosis, HCC developed in 82 patients with the annual incidence rate of 1.90 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-2.35). Multivariable analysis in patients with cirrhosis demonstrated that HCC development was associated with male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 4.06, 95% CI, 2.54-6.51, P < 0.001), older age (HR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03-1.08, P < 0.001), and CTP score (HR, 1.38, 95% CI, 1.18-1.60, P < 0.001). Statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC (HR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.24-0.67, P = 0.001). Each 365 increment in cumulative defined daily dose of statin use reduced HCC risk by 23.6%. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that patients with NASH and bridging fibrosis have a low risk of HCC. Dose-dependent statin use reduced HCC risk significantly in patients with NASH cirrhosis.
Primary Nodal Gastrinomas An Immunohistochemical Study in Support of a Theory

○ Background.-The term primary lymph node gastrinoma was first used to describe a group of patients with gastrin-producing tumors present in lymph nodes located in a well-defined anatomic region. The patients had no known primary tumors in the pancreas or gastrointestinal tract and had disease-free survival for up to 18 years. The anatomic region in question has a triangular shape that extends from the cystic and common bile ducts to the second and third portion of the duodenum and the neck and body of the pancreas. The term gastrinoma triangle was coined to identify the area; in addition, it was postulated that lymph nodes located in the gastrinoma triangle normally contained neuroendocrine cells capable of secreting gastrin and other neuropeptides. From its inception, the postulate became the subject of controversy. Design.-To extend previous observations, we examined the lymph nodes located in the gastrinoma triangle of 20 autopsy cases for the presence of neuroendocrine cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies to a panneuroendocrine substance (eg, synaptophysin) and a specific neuropeptide (eg, gastrin). Scanning for positive cells was performed by 2 observers (M.E.H. and M.C.C.). We compared the findings in these lymph nodes with lymph nodes obtained from axillary and inguinal dissections during surgical procedures. Results.-In all, 417 lymph nodes were studied. Five of the 20 gastrinoma triangle cases contained synaptophysin reactive cells, whereas 3 had gastrin reactive cells. None of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes contained neuroendocrine cells. Conclusion.-Our findings support the hypothesis of entrapment of neuroendocrine cells during development and the presence of primary nodal gastrinomas.
Modular Isolated Vertically Symmetric Dual Inductor Hybrid Converter For Differential Power Processing

In this paper, a new isolated DC-DC converter is proposed and demonstrated for Point-Of-Load (POL) applications in data centers. The converter includes a novel architecture where a stacked switched-capacitor (SC) stage provides an efficient course step-down and reduces the voltage swing for the transformer and inductive stage. Compared with a conventional Dickson SC converter, the new SC stage features an advantageous 2X reduction in maximum operating voltage for flying capacitors, enabling capacitor size reduction. Through the transformer, two inductors at the output stage provide soft-charge and soft-discharge operations for the primary side flying capacitors and ensure a lossless capacitive power transfer operation. To support higher input voltages and larger conversion ratios, multiple modules of the proposed converter can be stacked in a series-input/parallel-output configuration. This modular architecture provides advantages of differential power processing with reduced input voltage and processed power for each converter module. A prototype of the modular architecture has been demonstrated for a 100V-to-3V point-of-load conversion with a maximum load of 60A. The peak efficiency of 91% is achieved at 57W/20A output.
Recognizing invisibility, revising memory

Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man offers a magnificent literary reworking of the dialectics of recognition that has fascinated philosophers since Hegel. Ellison’s novel transforms the tradition of the slave narrative by drawing on writers and artists in European traditions — Dostoevsky, Dante, Marx, Malraux — as well as in African-American traditions — Wright, Armstrong to ask for more than Frederick Douglass’ demand for formal equality. The recognition Ellison asks for cannot be granted by formal procedures or by individual goodwill, but only by reexamining the cultural and historical inheritance that makes up the medium of public debate in democracy, an inheritance full of achievement and damage. Moreover, such recognition will involve not only changing our understanding of historical facts, but also learning to reason historically through culture. The purpose of my paper will be to explore how Ellison helps us reason through culture, history, and difference rather than against them, as do Kantian proceduralists, such as Habermas, and postmodernist celebrators of difference per se.
The impact of hyperglycemia and obesity on hospitalization costs and clinical outcome in general surgery patients.

Abstract Background The impact of obesity on clinical outcomes and hospitalization costs in general surgery patients with and without diabetes (DM) is unknown. Materials and Methods We reviewed medical records of 2451 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at two university hospitals. Hyperglycemia was defined as BG ≥140 mg/dl. Overweight was defined by body mass index (BMI) between 25–29.9 kg/m 2 and obesity as a BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 . Hospital cost was calculated using cost-charge ratios from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Hospital complications included a composite of major cardiovascular events, pneumonia, bacteremia, acute kidney injury (AKI), respiratory failure, and death. Results Hyperglycemia was present in 1575 patients (74.8%). Compared to patients with normoglycemia, those with DM and non-DM with hyperglycemia had higher number of complications (8.9% vs. 35.8% vs. 30.0%, p Conclusion Hyperglycemia but not increasing BMI, in patients with and without diabetes undergoing gastrointestinal surgery was associated with a higher number of complications and hospitalization costs.
Genome-wide expression analysis of breast cancer in African-Americans: New insights into genetic mechanisms

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 143 As is well known, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in American women, and numerous studies have reported an excess incidence and mortality in AA women <50 yoa. To further investigate the genetic basis of these observed differences, we have conducted a novel pilot study analyzing genome-wide expression differences in self-matched breast cancer and normal tissue from African-American (AA) women: two sporadic cases and three with a family history of BC. Study recruitment criteria were either a sporadic case <50 years old/dx. with BC or a high-risk familial case of BC, and no radiation or chemotherapy prior to enrollment. Tumor and normal tissue samples were obtained fresh from surgery. Total mRNA from tumor tissue and the corresponding self-matched normal tissue were labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 dye and then hybridized to the Agilent Whole Human Genome arrays. Dye-Swap labeling was completed for validation of hybridization data. These data were analyzed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) with an FDR≤1%. Data from self-matched tumor and normal tissue samples were compared between familial and sporadic cases and between individual women in these two categories. The analysis yielded more than twice as many over expressed genes (2852) in the familial cases than in the sporadic cases. There were also 1988 under expressed statistically significant genes in the familial cases and about 200 less of these genes in the sporadic cases. About 1/8 of the reported over expressed genes and 1/3 of the reported under expressed genes were shared between the familial and sporadic groups. Importantly, there are 11 significant genes that are under expressed in sporadic and over expressed in familial cases, and 10 significant genes that are over expressed in sporadic and under expressed in familial cases (FDR≤1%). Additional analyses, including hierarchical clustering and real-time PCR are underway. This study should provide important information concerning the genetic differences between AA women with familial or sporadic BC.
Acquaintance Rape on Campus: A Literature Review

(1992). Acquaintance Rape on Campus: A Literature Review. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 157-165.
Network Intrusion detection by using Feature Reduction Technique

As network attacks have increased in number and severity over the past few years, intrusion detection system (IDS) is increasingly becoming a critical component to secure the network. Due to large volumes of security audit data as well as complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviors, optimizing performance of IDS becomes an important open problem that is receiving more and more attention from the research community. Intrusion poses a serious security risk in a network environment. The ever growing new intrusion types pose a serious problem for their detection. In this paper, a new intrusion detection method based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Forest with low overhead and high efficiency is presented. System call data and command sequences data are used as information sources to validate the proposed method. The frequencies of individual system calls in a trace and individual commands in a data block are computed and then data column vectors which represent the traces and blocks of the data are formed as data input. PCA is applied to reduce the high dimensional data vectors and distance between a vector and its projection onto the subspace reduced is used for anomaly detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method is promising in terms of detection accuracy, computational expense and implementation for real-time intrusion detection.
Galápagos History, Restoration, and a Shifted Baseline

An ecological system that had been resilient to climatic change for thousands of years was transformed in decades by the introduction of livestock to the Gal´ apagos. Habitat restoration at El Junco, San Cristobal Island, has included the exclusion of cattle, removal of exotic species, and replanting with the endemic shrub, Miconia robinsoniana. M. robinsoniana was known to form a characteristic zone of near mono-dominant shrub cover at equivalent elevations on other islands. Analysis of modern and fossil pollen data from El Junco Crater Lake showed that two of the most common shrubs of the San Crist´ obal uplands, Acalypha and Alternanthera, were the most common pollen types for more than two thousand years. In the 1930s, 30 years before the first scientific description of that habitat, the abundance of both taxa declined rapidly as livestock densities increased. The restoration target, based on the assumption that mono-dominance by M. robinsoniana is the natural state, reflects a shifted baseline. Acalypha and Alternanthera should be considered for inclusion within future restoration efforts.
The fate of the chromaffin granule during catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla—II.: Loss of protein and retention of lipid in subcellular fractions

Abstract Subcellular fractions obtained from bovine adrenal medullae stimulated to secrete catecholamines were compared with corresponding fractions from unstimulated medullae. Stimulation (with acetylcholine) caused a fall in the catecholamines and protein in the ‘crude granule fractionrs, but no change in the phospholipid or cholesterol. Further resolution of the crude granule fraction by density gradient centrifugation revealed a redistribution of the phospholipid and cholesterol after stimulation from the denser to the lighter layers. The results are interpreted to mean that the membranes of the chromaffin granules remain in the chromaffin cells after catecholamine secretion as discrete particles with reduced specific gravity. Probably these particles are the electron-translucent granules observed by electron microscopy in stimulated chromaffin cells.
Is Online Health Activity Alive and Well or Flatlining? Findings From 10 Years of the Health Information National Trends Survey

The Internet increasingly enables diverse health communication activities, from information seeking to social media interaction. Up-to-date reporting is needed to document the national prevalence, trends, and user profiles of online health activities so that these technologies can be best used in health communication efforts. This study identifies prevalence, trend, and factors associated with seeking health information, e-mailing health care providers, and using social media for health purposes. Four iterations of HINTS survey data, collected in 2003, 2005, 2008, and 2012, were analyzed to assess population-level trends over the last decade, and current prevalence of Internet-based health communication activities. Sociodemographic and health correlates were explored through weighted logistic regression modeling. Findings demonstrated that Internet use has steadily increased, with 78% of U.S. adults online in 2012; however several digital divide factors--among them education, age, and race/ethnicity--still predict access. Once online, 70% of adults use the Internet as their first source for health information, and while 19% have e-mailed health care providers, engagement in health communication on social media is still relatively low. Distinct user profiles characterize each type of communication, with age, population density, and gender emerging as important predictors across online health activities. These findings have important implications for health communication research and practice.
Hafnium carbide growth behavior and its relationship to the dispersion hardening in tungsten at high temperatures

The growth behavior of hafnium dispersed carbide particles and its relationship the strength of a tungsten-rhenium alloy at temperatures above 2200 K have been examined with transmission electron microscopy. From 2200 to 2600 K, HfC particles grow homogeneously with a relatively slow growth rate. In this temperature region, the activation energy for HfC particle growth is determined to be 50.2 ± 1.0 kcal mol−1. The coarsening of HfC particles is a bulk diffusion-controlled process and hafnium is the less stable element in the HfC decomposition and growth process. Rapid particle growth occurs at temperatures above 2600 K. A bi-modal particle size distribution is observed at 2800 and 3000 K and selective particle growth takes place along dislocation lines and at grain boundaries, indicating that dislocation and boundary enhanced diffusion mechanisms are involved in the HfC particle coarsening process above 2600 K. Based upon the studies on the growth behavior of HfC particles, An Ashby-Orowan dispersion strengthening model is applied to the HfC hardened tungsten. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated resolved shear stress and experimental results.
Asymmetric modified spur gear drives: reduction of noise, localization of contact, simulation of meshing and stress analysis

Abstract An asymmetric spur gear drive is considered. The asymmetry means that larger and smaller pressure angles are applied for the driving and coast sides, respectively. The conventional design of such a drive is based on application of involute profiles. The authors propose a modified geometry of an asymmetric spur gear drive designed as a combination of an involute gear and a double crowned pinion that enables to localize and stabilize the bearing contact and obtain a favorable shape of transmission errors of reduced magnitude. Computerized design of spur gears of proposed geometry and simulation of their meshing and contact have been developed. A method of generation of a double-crowned pinion has been developed as well stress analysis of symmetric and asymmetric spur gears have been accomplished, that confirm reduction of contact and bending stresses for an asymmetric spur gear drive. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples.
3D-QSAR and docking studies on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor 1 antagonists

Abstract The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is part of a family of cytokines which regulate various signaling pathways such as cell development, growth, and tissue injury. Although several studies have been published describing the synthesis of small compounds which inhibit the receptor of TGF-β, especially the subtype 1 receptor (TGBR1) kinase, no 3D-quantitiative structure–activity relationship study has been published. Here we describe the development of a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model which yielded a partial least squares statistical cross validated r2 of >0.3. CoMFA maps agree with docking studies and pharmacophore analysis that hydrogen bonding is important for binding to ALK-5. These studies could enable the medicinal chemist to develop novel inhibitors which can be used in glaucoma filtration surgery.
Rapport Is Overrated: Southwestern Ethnic Art Dealers and Ethnographers in the “Field”

Approaches to issues of how, why, and with whom ethnographers establish and maintain “rapport” have often assumed that gaining entry, establishing trust, and maintaining relations with informants w...
Functional MRI mapping neuronal inhibition and excitation at columnar level in human visual cortex

The capability of non-invasively mapping neuronal excitation and inhibition at the columnar level in human is vital in revealing fundamental mechanisms of brain functions. Here, we show that it is feasible to simultaneously map inhibited and excited ocular dominance columns (ODCs) in human primary visual cortex by combining high-resolution fMRI with the mechanism of binocular inhibitory interaction induced by paired monocular stimuli separated by a desired time delay. This method is based on spatial differentiation of fMRI signal responses between inhibited and excited ODCs that can be controlled by paired monocular stimuli. The feasibility and reproducibility for mapping both inhibited and excited ODCs have been examined. The results conclude that fMRI is capable of non-invasively mapping both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal processing at the columnar level in the human brain. This capability should be essential in studying the neural circuitry and brain function at the level of elementary cortical processing unit.
Probing white-matter microstructure with higher-order diffusion tensors and susceptibility tensor MRI

Diffusion MRI has become an invaluable tool for studying white matter microstructure and brain connectivity. The emergence of quantitative susceptibility mapping and susceptibility tensor imaging has provided another unique tool for assessing the structure of white matter. In the highly ordered white matter structure, diffusion MRI measures hindered water mobility induced by various tissue and cell membranes, while susceptibility sensitizes to the molecular composition and axonal arrangement. Integrating these two methods may produce new insights into the complex physiology of white matter. In this study, we investigated the relationship between diffusion and magnetic susceptibility in the white matter. Experiments were conducted on phantoms and human brains in vivo. Diffusion properties were quantified with the diffusion tensor model and also with the higher order tensor model based on the cumulant expansion. Frequency shift and susceptibility tensor were measured with quantitative susceptibility mapping and susceptibility tensor imaging. These diffusion and susceptibility quantities were compared and correlated in regions of single fiber bundles and regions of multiple fiber orientations. Relationships were established with similarities and differences identified. It is believed that diffusion MRI and susceptibility MRI provide complementary information of the microstructure of white matter. Together, they allow a more complete assessment of healthy and diseased brains.
Measurements of vertical motion and the partition of energy in the New England slope water

Abstract Direct measurements of vertical motion have been made over a period of days in the slope water off New England using neutrally-buoyant rotating floats. From these measurements frequency spectra of potential and vertical kinetic energy have been computed for periods of several minutes to approximately half a day. They are compared with spectra of horizontal kinetic energy from nearby moored current meters. A frequency range exists between the local inertial period (18·9 hr) and the local Vaisala period in which there is approximate equipartition between potential and kinetic energy. In this range the vertical kinetic energy is maximum. It is suggested that the dominant carriers of energy in the range are internal waves. In the region of the Vaisala frequency the potential energy spectrum undergoes a transition and its level decrease very rapidly.
Spares provisioning under performance-based logistics contract : profit-centric approach

Performance-based logistics (PBL) is emerging as a preferred logistic support strategy within the public sector, especially the Department of Defence. Under a PBL strategy, the customer buys performance, such as operational availability, mission readiness and operational reliability, instead of contracting for a specified collection of resources defining the underlying support infrastructure. The literature on PBL is still in its infancy and additional research is required to optimize logistic resources such as spare parts, equipment, facilities, labour etc within a PBL context. In this paper, an optimization model is developed for spares provisioning under a multi-item, multi-echelon scenario. The objective of the optimization model is to maximize the profit to the supplier under a PBL contract.
Bayesian Inference of the Cell Probabilities of a Two-Way Categorical Table Under Non Ignorability

Given data from a two-way categorical table, we show how to make inference about the cell probabilities using a Bayesian method when there is non ignorable non response. The problem is usually formulated with four sub-tables, one with the complete cases and the remaining three sub-tables with the incomplete cases. A recent Bayesian method has been used to ease the problem of over-parameterization, but as expected, there is loss in efficiency in estimating the cell probabilities. In a new Bayesian method we have collapsed the three tables with the incomplete cases into a single table. We use three examples and a simulation study to show the superiority of the second method over the first method.
The Athletic Directors’ Dilemma: “$$$ & Women’s Sports”

The Athletic Directors’ Dilemma evaluates and ranks the Division I-A, I-AA, and I-AAA colleges according to their commitment to the spirit of Title IX in intercollegiate sports. The colleges are graded on the criteria of proportionality, scholarships, operating expenses, recruitment budget, and coaching salaries. The conferences are also evaluated and compared according to their sports’ expenditures and revenues.
Improving flux pinning at high fields in intermetallic superconductors: clues from MgB/sub 2/ and MgCNi/sub 3/

We discuss flux pinning and nanostructural analyzes of two intermetallic superconductors that exhibit substantial deviations from the usual flux-shear behavior. Kramer plots for a MgB/sub 2/ thin film, which contained a substantial fraction of MgO nanoprecipitates, show an additional component that is attributed to core pinning by the precipitates. Also, polycrystalline MgCNi/sub 3/ displays a crossover from flux-shear to core pinning behavior as the temperature is reduced. At the same time, the flux line core diameter becomes comparable to the length scales of nanoprecipitates found by high-resolution electron microscopy. Thus, both experiments suggest that flux shear, and its low-field pinning characteristic, can be exceeded by incorporating nanoprecipitates in an intermetallic superconductor. However, too many precipitates within the grain boundaries can block uniform current flow between grains.