cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parents of Children with Cancer: A Longitudinal Study of Emotional Distress, Coping Style, and Marital Adjustment Two and Twenty Months After Diagnosis

Evaluated emotional distress, coping style, and marital adjustment in 84 parents (42 couples) of children with cancer 2 months after diagnosis and again about 20 months after diagnosis. As expected, mothers' mean state anxiety and trait anxiety scores decreased to near normal levels over time. Fathers' scores were lower initially and did not change. Neither mothers' nor fathers' mean marital adjustment scores changed over time. Marital adjustment at treatment follow-up was predicted by depression and the spouse's marital satisfaction in mothers, and depression, child health status, and spouse's marital satisfaction in fathers. In contrast to findings obtained 2 months after diagnosis, coping style was not related to marital adjustment at follow-up. Results are discussed in terms of possible gender differences in the role of social support in marital adjustment and the stability versus situational specificity of coping styles.
Correlation of biochemical effects and incorporation of 3-deazaguanine into nucleic acids to cytotoxicity in L1210 cells.

3-Deazaguanine, a tumor-inhibitory purine antimetabolite, is cytotoxic to L1210 leukemic cells in culture. The log percentage of viability correlated strongly ( r 2 = 0.986) with the product of the concentration of 3-deazaguanine, or [3-deazaguanine], and period of exposure ( t ) when [3-deazaguanine] was between 3 and 50 µm, and t was 12 or 24 hr. We wished to relate this cytotoxicity to biochemical effects mediated by 3-deazaguanine. 3-Deazaguanine inhibited both DNA and protein synthesis, and both log DNA synthesis and log protein synthesis correlated inversely with [3-deazaguanine] × t and directly with cell viability ( P < 0.001). L1210 cells accumulated 3-deazaguanine 5′-triphosphate to a level of 1.5 nmol/106 cells. 3-Deazaguanine treatment had no effect on intracellular cytidine 5′-triphosphate levels, but reduced adenosine 5′-triphosphate and uridine 5′-triphosphate levels by 40% relative to control and guanosine 5′-triphosphate levels by 85% relative to control at a [3-deazaguanine] × t value at which 3-deazaguanine 5′-triphosphate accumulation was near maximal. Incorporation of 2-14C-labeled 3-deazaguanine into DNA and RNA, separated by Cs2SO4 density gradient centrifugation, was demonstrated. Incorporation into DNA was linear versus [3-deazaguanine] × t and correlated inversely with cell viability ( P < 0.001). These data suggest that 3-deazaguanine is anabolized and incorporated into DNA, and that this incorporation is related to decreased DNA synthesis and cell death. The decrease in protein synthesis and diminution of guanosine 5′-triphosphate levels following drug treatment may also contribute to the growth-inhibitory actions of 3-deazaguanine.
Contact and via structures with copper interconnects fabricated using dual Damascene technology

A novel submicron process sequence was developed for the fabrication of CoSi/sub 2//n/sup +/-Si, CoSi/sub 2//p/sup +/-Si ohmic contacts and multilevel interconnects with copper as the interconnect/via metal and titanium as the diffusion barrier. SiO/sub 2/ deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using TEOS/O/sub 2/ was planarized by the novel technique of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) and served as the dielectric. The recessed copper interconnects in the oxide were formed by chemical-mechanical polishing. (dual Damascene process). Electrical characterization of the ohmic contacts yielded contact resistivity values of 10/sup -6//spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ or less. A specific contact resistivity value of 1.5/spl times/10/sup -8//spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ was measured for metal/metal contacts. >
Molecular evolution of insulin in non-mammalian vertebrates

The traditional view, based primarily on X-ray crystallographic data, is that the amino acid residues at positions B12, B16, B23-B26, A1-A5, A19 and A21 in the insulin molecule comprise the receptor-binding domain. More recently, however, it has been proposed that the conformation adopted by insulin in the crystal structure is an inactive one. The results of alanine-scanning mutagenesis studies suggest that GlyB23, PheB24, IleA2, ValA3, and TyrA19 interact directly with the receptor with LeuB6, GlyB8, LeuB11, GluB13 and PheB25, although not part of the binding epitope, being important in maintaining the receptor-binding conformation. A comparison of the primary structures of insulins from a wide range of non-mammalian vertebrates, from hagfish to birds, provides support for this revised view by demonstrating that strong evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve those amino acids postulated to be important in the biologically active conformation. In addition to the cysteine residues, the amino acids at B6, B8, B11, B23, B24, A2, A3, and A19 are invariant in all species yet studied with only conservative substitutions (Glu → Asp) at B13 and (Phe → Tyr) at B25. In contrast, several insulins containing substitutions at positions B16, A5 and A21, sites of importance in maintaining the crystal structure conformation, have been identified. Although the amino acid sequences of insulin are not generally useful as molecular markers for inferring phylogenetic relationships between species, the presence of common structural features in insulins from closely related species may permit a valid inference. For example, the presence of an N-terminal pentapeptide extension to the B-chains of insulins isolated from both holarctic and southern hemisphere lampreys supports the monophyletic status of the Petromyzontiformes.
Young's modulus of collagen at slow displacement rates

Collagen is a key structural component of extracellular matrix and its mechanical properties, particularly its stiffness, have been shown to influence cell function. This study explores the mechanical behavior of type I collagen gels at low rates relevant to that of cell motion. The Young's modulus, E, was obtained for collagen samples of concentrations 1.3, 2 and 3 mg/ml at varying crosshead displacement rates: 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mm/min. Local strain measurement in the gage section were used for both the strain and strain rate determination. The power law models for the modulus at these low strain rates show that the values converge as the displacement rate approaches a quasistatic state. This study provides data that was unavailable in the past on the Young's modulus of collagen at rates relevant to the cell.
Modeling sustainable product lifecycle decision support systems

Abstract Sustainable product lifecycle systems are attracting increasing attention because of cost competition, resource constraints and environmental issues. Short lifecycle products, such as consumer and defense electronics, are of particular concern. We formulate a product lifecycle evolution system based on stochastic dynamic programming. By applying the concept of a sustainable product lifecycle system on a product line, conclusions and guidelines for rational decision making can be developed through each phase of the product life cycle.
Stress-Relaxation Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Across the Glass Transition Temperature

Characterizing Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) across its glass transition temperature is essential for modeling warm deformation processes such as hot embossing. Its mechanical properties vary significantly across the glass transition as well as with strain rate. Several previous models have attempted to capture this behavior utilizing uniaxial compression experimental data with limited success. In this work, compression experiments including stress relaxation at large strains are conducted to aid researchers in developing better models. Multiple temperatures, final strains, and strain rates are examined to characterize the material across values found in typical hot-embossing processes. It was found that the amount of stress relaxed is highly dependent on the temperature and strain at which it is held. With this data, a model can be developed that will accurately capture stress relaxation with the final goal of being able to simulate hot embossing processes.
A qualitative investigation of treatment components for families of youth who have sexually offended

ABSTRACTTraditional treatment approaches for youth who commit sexual crimes are generally understudied and lack consideration for youths’ evolving context and development. A holistic model is important in service delivery, whereby multiple socio-ecological risk and protective factors are targeted in treatment. Family treatment, a key component of holistic practices, has not been well-defined for families of youth who have committed sexual crimes. Better understanding of the practical techniques used in service agencies can inform family services for youth. Using an inductive grounded theory approach, this qualitative study interviews service providers (N = 19) to understand components of family treatment. Findings suggest components including problem solving, communication skills, and working through the pain meet certain goals of restructuring and uniting families. The therapeutic relationship was a component that meets all goals of family treatment and helps families and youth overcome stigma of sexual ...
A Computational Model for Performance Prediction of a Hybrid PV/T Module

In this paper we investigate the performance of an integrated solar photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) liquid (water) collector using a computational simulation program. A detailed time-dependent thermal model was formulated to calculate and correlate the thermal parameters in a standard PV/T collector, including solar cell temperature, back surface temperature, and outlet water temperature. Based on the energy balance of each component of the system, an analytical expression for the temperature of the PV module and the water was derived. In addition, an analytical expression for the instantaneous energy efficiency of the PV/T collector was also derived in terms of thermal, design and climatic parameters. Built on previously published model, a new computer simulation program was developed and validated. The thermal simulation results obtained are more precise than those previously reported in the literature.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Involving high school students with visualization & image processing

This paper presents the results of several years of successful experience in involving high school students in interdisciplinary problem solving using visualization and image processing. Participating students were in a four-week Summer Ventures Program at Appalachian State University. These students had a choice of selecting a research project after being introduced to some basic image processing and visualization concepts. Students were given initial training on software tools and techniques that they could utilize to study the concepts and to carry out their course projects. Participants enjoyed the approach and were motivated to solve interdisciplinary problems using visualization and image processing techniques.
Bayesian analyses of Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) genetic differentiation using multilocus single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data

Abstract There is no consensus on the population structure of Pacific swordfish, and current-working hypotheses based on genetic and fisheries data include variations of two, three, and four stocks. In this study the hypothesis of panmixia for Pacific swordfish was tested using multilocus analyses of single-copy nuclear DNA loci on 891 swordfish collected in 16 localities. Sampling coverage differs from all previous genetic studies by offering a more comprehensive representation of tropical areas and by including early life history stages (ELS). Accordingly, samples of larvae, juveniles, and adults were characterized at 10 loci containing 20 informative SNPs, 19 of which were genotyped using high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) and one as a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Additionally, two short sequence repeat (SSR) loci were characterized. Exact tests of genetic differentiation, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), Bayesian analyses using STRUCTURE and GENELAND conducted on these data all rejected the hypothesis of panmixia for Pacific swordfish, and identified Taiwan as the most highly differentiated sample. Samples from temperate areas differed from most tropical samples (SST > 24 °C), but genetic heterogeneity was also detected among several tropical samples. By contrast, no differences were detected among temperate samples despite the considerable geographic distances (up to 18,000 km) separating them. Further, Bayesian analyses using both STRUCTURE and GENELAND suggested a pattern of genetic differentiation in Pacific swordfish more complex than a simple separation of tropical and temperate regions, with no clear delineation of geographic boundaries as those displayed by Atlantic swordfish. AMOVAs conducted to test models of population structure based on fisheries data failed to yield significant proportions of among-group variance. The observed patterns of genetic differentiation of Pacific swordfish are discussed in reference to studies of reproductive biology, tagging experiments, and previous genetic studies conducted on this species.
384 CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-GAL MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN SHEEP AFFECTED WITH GM1 GANGLIOSIDOSIS.

GM1 gangliosidosis is a lysosmal storage disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of GM1 ganglioside within the cellular lysosomes. This build-up results from a deficiency in the beta-galactosidase enzyme, coded for by the beta-GAL gene. The autosomal recessive disease exists in many organisms, including humans, dogs, mice, and sheep. The sheep disorder physiologically resembles the human type II condition but has yet to be characterized at the molecular level. A Northern hybridization was done using normal and affected lung and liver tissues from sheep. As seen in both the dog and human, it was expected that two mRNA bands would be present, one at approximately 2.4 kb and the other, due to the alternative splicing of the gene into a transcript that codes for the elastin binding protein, at approximately 2.0 kb. Preliminary results indicate the presence of mRNA, however, at a much smaller size than expected as revealed using an mRNA probe based on the partial known amino acid sequence of the sheep elastin binding protein. Further analysis using fibroblast cell lines was performed to determine if this size difference observed was actually due to mRNA degradation. Results at this time are inconclusive as mRNA was not isolated in sufficient amounts from the fibroblast cell lines.
Predictors of internal mammary vessel diameter: A computed tomographic angiography-assisted anatomic analysis

The internal mammary vessels are the most common recipient vessels in free flap breast reconstruction. The literature on internal mammary vascular anatomy is limited by small sample sizes, cadaveric studies, or intraoperative changes. The purpose of this study is to analyze internal mammary anatomy using computed tomographic angiography. A retrospective review of 110 consecutive computed tomographic angiography studies of female patients was performed. Measurements of vessel caliber, distance of internal mammary vessels to sternum, location of internal mammary vein bifurcation, intercostal space height, and chest width were analyzed. Patient demographics and comorbidities were reviewed. The right internal mammary artery and vein were larger than the left in all intercostal spaces (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation was found between both skeletal chest width and body mass index with internal mammary vessel caliber at the third intercostal space (p ≤ 0.02). The internal mammary vein bifurcated at the third intercostal space bilaterally, 4.3 and 1.2 mm caudal to the third rib on the right and left sides, respectively. The third intercostal space was <1.5 cm in 25% of patients. Understanding the anatomy, bifurcation, and caliber of internal mammary vessels can aid preoperative planning of autologous, free flap breast reconstruction. On average, the internal mammary vein bifurcates at the third intercostal space; patients with larger chest widths and body mass index had larger caliber internal mammary vessels, and 25% of patients had third intercostal space <1.5 cm and, thus, may not be suitable candidates for rib-sparing techniques.
Characterization of a peptide from the serum of psychotic patients

The group of psychotic disorders collectively known as schizophrenia continues to be a critical problem for modern psychiatry, accounting for a large proportion of mental hospital bed use, large expenditures for community care and tragedy for many families. Although the work of Kety and Rosenthal (1968) clearly indicates a major genetic contribution to the etiology of such diseases, the biochemical concomitants of these severe disruptions of brain function have remained obscure. The heterogeneity of the patient population suggests underlying biochemical and genetic heterogeneity. While some investigators have studied possible neuronal excess of, or hyper-sensitivity to, neurotransmitters, others have attempted to find a neurotoxic component in the brain or physiological fluids of schizophrenic patients. The embarrassing fate of some of these hypotheses (and of the studies investigating them) has produced a widespread reluctance to pursue other similar suggestions. Nonetheless, the report of Wagemaker and Cade (1977), describing the remission of psychotic symptoms in a group of drug-resistant schizophrenic patients after hemodialysis, suggested an experimental approach. If improvement following dialysis is not a general effect of physiological stress, then some neurochemically active material which either causes psychiatric symptomatology or reflects the underlying neurochemical pathology might be found in the dialysate.
Deliberate Practice as a Theoretical Framework for Interprofessional Experiential Education

Objective: The theory of deliberate practice has been applied to many skill-based performance activities. The primary aim of this project was to integrate synergistic principles from deliberate practice and consensus-derived competencies for interprofessional education into a framework upon which educational models to advance interprofessional experiential education (IEE) might be built. Methods: CINAHL, ERIC, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords “deliberate practice” and “interprofessional education,” both individually and in combination. Relevant articles were selected from the catalogue based on support for the premise of the project. Defining characteristics of deliberate practice were distilled with particular emphasis on their application to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative’s (IPEC) core competencies. Recommendations for IEE development were identified through the synthesis of deliberate practice principles and IPEC competencies. Results: There is a high degree of synergy between deliberate practice principles and IPEC competencies. Our synthesis of the literature yielded a cyclical four-step process to advance IEE: (1) implement an IEE plan guided by the student’s strengths/weaknesses and in consideration of the collaborative practice skills they wish to develop, (2) engage in IPE experiences that will challenge targeted skills according to the IEE plan, (3) embed frequent opportunities for student reflection and preceptor/team feedback within IEE plan, and (4) revise the IEE plan and the IPE experience based on insights gained during step 3. Conclusion: The cyclical four-step process synthesized through this literature review may be used to guide the development of new IEE models. The purposeful development of IEE models grounded in a theory that has already been operationalized in other skill-based performance areas is an important step to address expanding accreditation standards throughout the health professions mandating interprofessional education for pre-licensure health professional students.
Moral Leadership: An Overview

This paper develops and examines the distinctions between the process of leadership, the person of the leader, and the job of leading. I argue that leadership is a delicate combination of the process, the techniques of leadership, the person, the specific talents and traits of a/the leader, and the general requirements of the job itself. The concept of leadership can and must be distinguishable and definable separately from our understanding of what and who leaders are, although the phenomenon of leadership can only be known and measured in the particular instantiation of a leader doing a job.
Posttraumatic Distress and Growth Among Guatemalan War Orphans in Adulthood

Psychological sequelae of war and genocide can potentially persist into adulthood for child survivors of such tragedies. However, few studies have investigated child survivors’ particular experienc...
Rectal gas volume: Defining cut‐offs for screening for evacuation disorders in patients with constipation

Background Diagnosis of rectal evacuation disorders (RED) is currently based on anorectal manometry (ARM) and evacuation tests in specialized laboratories; we recently showed higher rectal gas volume (RGV) and maximum rectal gas transaxial area (MRGTA) measured on abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients with documented RED.The aim of this study was to obtain cut-off values of RGV, MRGTA, and rectal area on scout film (RASF) to differentiate constipated patients with RED from those without RED, based on ARM, balloon expulsion test (BET), and colon transit test. Methods We identified 118 constipated patients (65 with RED) with prior record of CT. Using standard CT software, we used a variable region of interest (ROI) program to measure RGV, MRTGA, and RASF, as previously described. We constructed receiver operating characteristics curves based on different values, and we estimated AUC, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) to detect RED in patients with constipation. Key results Receiver operating characteristics of the models to predict RED showed AUC 0.751 for RGV and 0.737 for MRGTA (both P Conclusions & inferences Rectal gas measurements on abdominal imaging may indicate RED in patients with constipation. At ~90% specificity for RED, RGV of 20 or 30 mL or MRGTA of 10 cm2 on CT has PPV ~75%, and RASF of >9 cm2 has PPV of ~69%.
Who's Talking about Scholarly Communication? An Examination of Gender and Behavior on the SCHOLCOMM Listserv

INTRODUCTION This study analyzes the gender dynamics of the American Library Association’s SCHOLCOMM listserv in order to determine the accuracy of concerns expressed by participants in early 2016 regarding the dominance of male voices on the listserv. METHODS Utilizing the SCHOLCOMM listserv archive, openly available online, the authors analyzed metadata related to individual messages in order to create a comprehensive list of participants, which was then analyzed to determine gender identity. The authors utilized this information to correlate the frequency of new messages and replies sent to the list with the gender identity of participants. RESULTS While men represented 35% of the SCHOLCOMM list’s participants, they contributed over half of the messages sent to the listserv and two-thirds of those sent as replies on existing message threads. DISCUSSION The opinion of several SCHOLCOMM participants that male voices were overrepresented in listserv discussions proved to be true. The gender identity breakdown of those most active on the list may also influence the perceptions and/or behaviors of other listserv participants, however, and should be investigated further. CONCLUSION While this study substantiates the opinion of several listserv participants that male SCHOLCOMM participants account for a disproportionately large amount of listserv discussion, we argue that the dynamics of the listserv can and should be changed in order to better represent the participant population.
Fishnet statistics for probabilistic strength and scaling of nacreous imbricated lamellar materials

Abstract Similar to nacre (or brick masonry), imbricated (or staggered) lamellar structures are widely found in nature and man-made materials, and are of interest for biomimetics. They can achieve high defect insensitivity and fracture toughness, as demonstrated in previous studies. But the probability distribution with a realistic far-left tail is apparently unknown. Here, strictly for statistical purposes, the microstructure of nacre is approximated by a diagonally pulled fishnet with quasibrittle links representing the shear bonds between parallel lamellae (or platelets). The probability distribution of fishnet strength is calculated as a sum of a rapidly convergent series of the failure probabilities after the rupture of one, two, three, etc., links. Each of them represents a combination of joint probabilities and of additive probabilities of disjoint events, modified near the zone of failed links by the stress redistributions caused by previously failed links. Based on previous nano- and multi-scale studies at Northwestern, the strength distribution of each link, characterizing the interlamellar shear bond, is assumed to be a Gauss-Weibull graft, but with a deeper Weibull tail than in Type 1 failure of non-imbricated quasibrittle materials. The autocorrelation length is considered equal to the link length. The size of the zone of failed links at maximum load increases with the coefficient of variation (CoV) of link strength, and also with fishnet size. With an increasing width-to-length aspect ratio, a rectangular fishnet gradually transits from the weakest-link chain to the fiber bundle, as the limit cases. The fishnet strength at failure probability 10 − 6 grows with the width-to-length ratio. For a square fishnet boundary, the strength at 10 − 6 failure probability is about 11% higher, while at fixed load the failure probability is about 25-times higher than it is for the non-imbricated case. This is a major safety advantage of the fishnet architecture over particulate or fiber reinforced materials. There is also a strong size effect, partly similar to that of Type 1 while the curves of log-strength versus log-size for different sizes could cross each other. The predicted behavior is verified by about a million Monte Carlo simulations for each of many fishnet geometries, sizes and CoVs of link strength. In addition to the weakest-link or fiber bundle, the fishnet becomes the third analytically tractable statistical model of structural strength, and has the former two as limit cases.
Evaluating Otherwise-Discarded Umbilical Cord Blood as a Source for a Neonate's Complete Blood Cell Count at Various Time Points.

Background Previous studies have reported the use of cord blood for admission laboratory complete blood counts (CBCs). However, no studies have investigated its stability for the first 30 min after delivery. Objectives We quantified blood cells drawn from the umbilical vein to determine the effect of (1) the time after placental delivery, and (2) the site of blood sampling (umbilical vein on an isolated cord segment vs. umbilical vein on the placental surface). Methods Timed phlebotomies were drawn at 2, 10, and 30 min from (1) the umbilical vein on an isolated, double-clamped cord segment, and (2) the umbilical vein near or on the placental surface. Leukocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count, and fibrinogen were measured on each phlebotomy sample. Results Blood drawn from the isolated umbilical cord segments had leukocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count, and fibrinogen that remained unchanged between the phlebotomies at 2, 10, and 30 min after delivery. However, blood drawn from the umbilical vein on the placental surface had, at 30 min, a leukocyte count (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.01), and platelet count (p = 0.001) that were statistically different from the values at 2 and 10 min after delivery. There was no difference in fibrinogen at 2, 10, or 30 min. Conclusions If cord blood is used for a neonate's initial CBC, the blood should be drawn within 10 min of the placental delivery when it is taken from the umbilical vein on or near the placenta. If an umbilical cord segment is obtained, the phlebotomy can be delayed for up to 30 min.
Cell-cell Interactions during Pollination in Brassica

Self-incompatibility is a highly specific, genetically controlled recognition phenomenon that operates during the plant reproductive phase. This phenomenon is based on the ability of the female reproductive structure, the pistil, to distinguish between self (genetically related) and non-self (genetically unrelated) pollen. Recent developments in the molecular and genetic analysis of the self-incompatibility system of Brassica are described, and possible analogies to host-pathogen interactions are discussed.
The EQUIPOISE Method—A Simple Procedure for Group-Diffusion Calculations in Two and Three Dimensions

An extremely simple iterative procedure is described for performing group-diffusion calculations in two and three dimensions. No proofs were found to guarantee its convergence, but successful experience with a wide variety of problems shows the method to be rapid and reliable. Three large computer programs were devised embodying the principle: EQUIPOISE-3, TWENTY GRAND, and WHIRLAWAY. The first two are two-dimensional programs, while the third is three- dimensional. If desired, the programs can be used to compute adjoint fluxes and those integrals necessary for perturbation calculations automatically. Possible further applications of the method are suggested. (auth)
Education and Gender: Historical Perspectives

Gender inequality in education has decreased as women have gained greater access to the public sphere. In those parts of the world where women are now relatively well represented in the public sphere, gender barriers to educational access have been significantly reduced if not eliminated and gender bias in the formal and informal curriculum has been greatly reduced. Even in those societies in which formal and informal gender barriers to educational access and advancement have largely given way, however, one can observe gender differences in important educational outcomes such as chosen courses of study and, in higher education, in degree programs. And in those societies in which women remain largely restricted to the private sphere, substantial gender barriers to access and gender bias in educational content remain an issue.
On the Postbuckling Behavior of a Delaminated Thin Cylindrical Shell

The buckling and postbuckling behavior of cylindrical shell configurations, in the presence of delaminations, is discussed. Models employed for the buckling analysis of such systems are critically reviewed. Moreover, a review of some similar studies of buckling and postbuckling of rings and liners confined to uniformly contracting circular boundaries is presented. Finally, a simple model is developed for the analysis of a delaminated thin cylindrical film from a contracting cylindrical substrate. Results are obtained by employing this model, and these results seem to be qualitatively reasonable. Suggestions for future studies are offered.
Lycopene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease development by 2-fold. Lycopene, a potent lipophilic antioxidant, may be able to mediate oxidative stress, a mechanism underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of the literature with the purpose of investigating the relation between circulating lycopene or dietary intake of lycopene and MetS as well as its risk factors. The review was conducted using PubMed and EBSCOhost databases with the search terms "lycopene" and "metabolic syndrome." Inclusion criteria included human studies published in English in a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal and evaluation of lycopene in relation to ≥3 of the 5 MetS risk factors as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report. The process identified 11 studies, including 8 cross-sectional and 3 intervention studies. Cross-sectional studies were grouped into 3 categories, with several studies falling into >1 category, based on results reporting associations of lycopene with the prevalence and outcomes of MetS (5 studies), presence of ATP III risk factors (4 studies), and variables mediating lycopene's influence on MetS risk (3 studies). All studies in each category reported significant protective associations. Of the 3 intervention studies, all reported significant protective effects from a lycopene-rich beverage, despite varying doses and durations of intake. Although a protective relation between lycopene and MetS was generally supported, different MetS components appeared to be influenced by lycopene rather than demonstrating consistent improvement in a single component. Thus, additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic effects of lycopene on MetS, as well as to determine evidence-based recommendations concerning dose-durational effects of lycopene and MetS risk reduction. In conclusion, the evidence of lycopene's benefit exists such that lycopene status or lycopene consumption may be associated with favorable alterations to the components of MetS.
On Black’s Leverage Effect in Firms with No Leverage

One of the most enduring empirical regularities in equity markets is the inverse relationship between stock prices and volatility. Also known as the leverage effect, this relationship was first documented by Black, who attributed it to the effects of financial or operating leverage. This article documents that firms that had no debt (and thus no financial leverage) from January 1973 to December 2017 exhibit Black’s leverage effect. Moreover, the authors find that the leverage effect of firms in this sample is not driven by operating leverage. On the contrary, in this sample the leverage effect is stronger for firms with low operating leverage as compared to those with high operating leverage. Interestingly, the firms with no debt from the lowest quintile of operating leverage exhibit a leverage effect that is on par with or stronger than that of debt-financed firms. TOPICS:Fundamental equity analysis, equity portfolio management, accounting and ratio analysis Key Findings • The inverse relationship between stock prices and volatility is often attributed to the effects of leverage and is known as the leverage effect. • We find that firms with no debt (and thus no financial leverage) exhibit the leverage effect. • Interestingly, among the firms with no debt, those with the lowest levels of operating leverage exhibit the strongest leverage effect.
Protected areas as potential refugia for biodiversity under climatic change

Abstract Climate change is among the greatest challenges to biodiversity conservation globally. In response to climatic changes, species around the world have already started to shift their ranges along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. However, it remains unclear whether the areas currently managed for biodiversity protection are optimized for these shifting ranges. Climate velocities represent a method to quantify the rate at which organisms must alter their range to maintain their current climate envelope. Here we use a case study of the Southern Rockies region in the western United States to show how forward and backward climate velocities can be used to quantify potential impacts of climatic changes and delineate abiotic climate refugia. We further illustrate how climate velocities can integrate into a process that simultaneously identifies climate refugia for suites of species while accounting for additional landscape factors contributing to protected area success. These results demonstrate how potential climatic changes may be used to prioritize the efficient selection of climate refugia, potentially aiding multi-target climate adaptation decision-making across broad regions.
A Review on Microvascular Hemodynamics: The Control of Blood Flow Distribution and Tissue Oxygenation.

The microcirculation is a complex network of vessels ranging from as large as 100 μm to as small as 5 μm. This complex network is responsible for the regulation of oxygen to the surrounding tissues and ensures metabolite washout. With a more complete understanding of the microcirculation's physiologic and pathologic tendencies, engineers can create new solutions to combat blood pathologies and shock-related diseases. Over the last number of decades a grown interest in the microcirculation has resulted in the development of fundamental techniques to quantify the microvasculature flow and the release of oxygen to tissues.
3 – Existence Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the uniqueness of solutions and the variation of solutions with their initial conditions. It presents a basic theorem that can be understood in terms of the simplest differential equation y'(t) = f(t), '= d/dt (1.1) where f (t) is a continuous function defined on the real line, R. The fundamental theorem of calculus allows the conclusion that any antiderivative of f(t) will be a solution of the differential equation. Thus, there is an entire family of functions differing from one another by a constant that when substituted for y(t) in the differential equation produce an identity. The chapter presents the contraction mapping theorem that concerns operators that map a given metric space into itself. Given an element of the metric space M, an operator merely associates with it a unique element of M. Using the contraction mapping theorem, a global existence and uniqueness theorem is easily established under a stronger hypothesis.
A Multimodal Electronic Nose Based on High-Density Flexible Sensor Array of Carbon Nanotubes and Photoactive Macromolecules Hybrid Nanostructures

We report a multimodal electronic nose system based on photoactive carbonaceous hybrid nanomaterials for the detection and quantification of gaseous odors. The e-nose system comprises a high-density flexible sensor array, colorimetric and electrical measurement electronics, data acquisition software, and data analysis algorithms. The e-nose system combines the unique advantages of electrical, chemical, and physical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with optical and chemical properties of various classes of organic macrocyclic compounds, such as pyrenes, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines, for multimodal gas sensing. Photoactive macromolecules such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines have been previously developed into colorimetric sensors to various gas analytes. Their intrinsically low electrical conductivity prevents direct application of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in chemiresistive sensors. However, when used as a secondary sensing material via functionalization onto SWNTs, which intrinsically lacks chemical selectivity, these macromolecules confer their chemical selectivity and optical properties to the intrinsically semiconducting SWNT channel. This hybrid nanostructure allows both chemiresistive sensing and colorimetric sensing modalities. Another beneficial property of this hybrid nanostructure is the optoelectronic tunability of the nanomaterial to allow for direct modulation of chemical and electrical behaviors leading to tunable gas sensing capability.Using the high-density array containing 118 individually addressable sensors, over 60 different secondary sensing materials (functionalized onto SWNTs) were investigated, which include chemical derivatives of pyrenes, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines, which have a large variety of side-groups, and metal centers. Additionally, by integrating a large variety of secondary sensing materials into each sensing element of the 118-sensor array, we take advantage of the different chemical and electrical characteristics of each macromolecules which allow for different affinities to specific VOC species to enhance overall selectivity of the e-nose system. The functionality of the multimodal e-nose system was demonstrated to distinguish and quantify various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Shallow commitments may bite deep: domestic politics and flexibility in international cooperation

Scholars generally view flexibility in international institutions as a trade-off – flexible agreements attract more signatories at the cost of limiting the institution’s ability to change behavior,...
Physicochemical and multi-scale structural alterations of pea starch induced by supercritical carbon dioxide + ethanol extraction.

Abstract The objective of this study was to establish the impacts of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) processing on the physicochemical properties of pea flour and the structure of isolated pea starch. A significant (p
A Magnetically Filtered Atomic Oxygen Plasma Source for Low-Earth-Orbit Simulation

A magnetically filtered oxygen plasma source has been developed and characterized for the purpose of simulating the low-Earth-orbit environment. The source uses a magnetic ring cusp geometry couple...
Phonon Diffraction Limited Performance of Fabry-Pérot Cavities in Piezoelectric epi – Hbars

We report on phonon diffraction limited performance of GaN/AlN/NbN/SiC epitaxial HBARs (epi-HBARs) that act as Fabry-Perot acoustic cavities with parallel reflectors. In a series of devices with varying transducer diameter (∅), we find that the smallest epi-HBARs (∅=22.5 μm on a 350 μm thick substrate) are indeed limited by diffraction, yet achieve f×Q ≈1012 Hz at 7.2 K. Near the diffraction limit, f×Q≈ 1014 Hz for ∅ >50 μm, and for larger devices that are not diffraction limited, f×Q≈ 2×1016 Hz. We discuss the practical tradeoffs involved in using such high performance electrically transduced epi-HBARs compared to confocal HBARs with an engineered curved surface that are popular for phonon-qubit coupling in quantum acoustodynamic (QAD) systems.
Be under your own influence: Effectiveness of a Culturally-Adapted drug prevention campaign targeting Reservation-Dwelling American Indian youth.

Be Under Your Own Influence (BUYOI) is a previously validated school-based intervention designed to delay adolescent substance use (SU) initiation. This study examined the effectiveness of a culturally-adapted version of BUYOI in delaying SU initiation among reservation-dwelling American Indian (AI) youth. Five reservation-based middle schools participated. Three schools were randomly assigned to receive BUYOI-AI (N = 321), and two schools served as controls (N = 176). Beginning in 7th grade, all participating students completed four assessments over the study period. Discrete time hazard models estimated the effects of BUYOI on students' risk of initiating alcohol, alcohol intoxication and marijuana before the end of 8th grade. AI students exposed to BUYOI had a lower risk of initiating alcohol use or intoxication, though sex moderated the effect on intoxication. These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of a culturally-adapted version of BUYOI in delaying AI youth's first-time alcohol use and intoxication.
Values, Agency, and Identity in a Music Teacher Education Program:

Many view music teacher education as a locus for socially just transformation of music education through the development of preservice teacher agency and identity development. However, few have dir...
Surface Modified Aluminum-Poly (Vinyl Acetate) Interaction in the Presence of Water

The interaction of poly(vinyl acetate) with modified aluminum surfaces has been investigated using the spin label technique to monitor motion at the polymer-metal interface as a function of temperature, coating thickness and exposure to water. The modified aluminum surfaces used for adhesive bonding, designated CAA and PAA, are prepared by anodization which gives an amorphous aluminum oxide to which the polymer binds. A monolayer of adsorbed polymer on either surface stays bound in the dry state to at least 150°C. Upon exposure to water, the debonding was observed to depend on the surface employed, and the method and time of exposure. The effect of water is far less pronounced in the PAA than in the CAA material. We conclude that debonding at room temperature precedes bulk hydration of the oxide surface.
Analyzing the Effect of Change in Money Supply on Stock Prices

Money supply is one of the components of monetary policy that the Federal Reserve uses. Changes in money supply can be either anticipated or unanticipated by the people. It is believed that anticipated and unanticipated changes in the money supply affect the stock market differently. Taking this point into consideration, I will differentiate the anticipated and unanticipated components of changes in the money supply and analyze how each affects stock market prices. In Section II, the theoretical framework is discussed along with the relevant literature on the topic. Next, in Section III, the variables and data set utilized in this study are described and the empirical model is developed. Results are presented and discussed in Section IV. The paper concludes with Section V, in which suggestions for further studies are pointed out and policy implications are considered.
Vibrio harveyi NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase: cloning, sequencing and overexpression of the gene and purification and characterization of the cloned enzyme.

Abstract NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductases (flavin reductases) from luminous bacteria catalyze the reduction of flavin by NAD(P)H and are believed to provide the reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) for luciferase in the bioluminescence reaction. By using an oligonucleotide probe based on the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Vibrio harveyi NADPH-FMN oxidoreductase (flavin reductase P), a recombinant plasmid, pFRP1, was obtained which contained the frp gene encoding this enzyme. The DNA sequence of the frp gene was determined; the deduced amino acid sequence for flavin reductase P consists of 240 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 26,312. The frp gene was overexpressed, apparently through induction, in Escherichia coli JM109 cells harboring pFRP1. The cloned flavin reductase P was purified to homogeneity by following a new and simple procedure involving FMN-agarose chromatography as a key step. The same chromatography material was also highly effective in concentrating diluted flavin reductase P. The purified enzyme is a monomer and is unusual in having a tightly bound FMN cofactor. Distinct from the free FMN, the bound FMN cofactor showed a diminished A375 peak and a slightly increased 8-nm red-shifted A453 peak and was completely or nearly nonfluorescent. The Kms for FMN and NADPH and the turnover number of this flavin reductase were determined. In comparison with other flavin reductases and homologous proteins, this flavin reductase P shows a number of distinct features with respect to primary sequence, redox center, and/or kinetic mechanism.