cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a retrieved squeaking ceramic-on-ceramic hip arthroplasty bearing

Ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in total hip replacements have shown superior wear performance compared to other material couples. However, 1–10% of patients have reported squeaking with the use of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings. A ceramic-on-ceramic bearing was retrieved from a patient after 4.5 years in service secondary to squeaking. The explant was analyzed to investigate the possible factors attributing to the hip squeak utilizing acoustic analysis, visual inspection, modal analysis, random vibration analysis, and mathematical modeling. Random vibration analysis of the parts of the implant showed that boundary conditions along the metallic shell play an important role in squeal occurrence. The implant also showed the evidence of material transfer. Using the results of modal analysis, a 2-degree of freedom friction model demonstrated the influence of third body material transfer on the stability of the system to be an important factor in squeaking. The mathematical parametric analysis showed that a larger ma...
Socioeconomic indicators for sustainable design and commercial development of algal biofuel systems

Social and economic indicators can be used to support design of sustainable energy systems. Indicators representing categories of social well-being, energy security, external trade, profitability, resource conservation, and social acceptability have not yet been measured in published sustainability assessments for commercial algal biofuel facilities. We review socioeconomic indicators that have been modeled at the commercial scale or measured at the pilot or laboratory scale, as well as factors that affect them, and discuss additional indicators that should be measured during commercialization to form a more complete picture of socioeconomic sustainability of algal biofuels. Indicators estimated in the scientific literature include the profitability indicators, return on investment (ROI) and net present value (NPV), and the resource conservation indicator, fossil energy return on investment (EROI). These modeled indicators have clear sustainability targets and have been used to design sustainable algal biofuel systems. Factors affecting ROI, NPV, and EROI include infrastructure, process choices, and financial assumptions. The food security indicator, percent change in food price volatility, is probably zero where agricultural lands are not used for production of algae-based biofuels; however, food-related coproducts from algae could enhance food security. The energy security indicators energy security premium and fuel price volatility and external trade indicators terms of trade and trade volume cannot be projected into the future with accuracy prior to commercialization. Together with environmental sustainability indicators, the use of a suite of socioeconomic sustainability indicators should contribute to progress toward sustainability of algal biofuels.
Abstract 3000: MIIP regulates histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 and securin degradation during mitosis in colon cancer cells

Chromosome condensation and segregation are highly orchestrated during mitosis. In early mitosis, dramatic structural changes occur to produce metaphase chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of compacted sister chromatids (condensation), At anaphase onset, a signal is produced to disrupt the linkage between sister chromatids (segregation), allowing them to be pulled apart to two daughter cells. Recently, we discovered that the MIIP protein, encoded by the Migration and invasion inhibitory protein gene located on chromosome 1p36, plays a critical role in mitotic transition through negatively regulating APC/CCdc20 activity and stabilizing cyclin B1 in glioma cells. Here we report that MIIP inhibits chromosome condensation and segregation resulting in G2/M arrest and polyploidy cell formation in colon cancer cells. Gain-of-function studies showed that the MIIP expression inhibited colony formation of isogenic HCT116 cells independent of the TP53 and PUMA status. To understand the potential role of MIIP in colon cancer cells, a panel of six colon cancer cell lines (DLD1, SW620, SW480, HCT116, NCI-747 and SW837) was used to elevate MIIP expression by adenovirus expression vector (Ad-MIIP). The G2/M arrest and polyploidy cell formation were observed in all the six cell lines we tested irrespective of the status of microsatellite stability and TP53 mutation. By using double thymidine block strategy, we synchronized HCT116 cells at G1/S boundary and released the cells in fresh medium to enrich the cell population in different stage during the cell cycle. We found that the expression of MIIP is cell cycle dependent and peaks at mitosis. Two major mitotic regulators, cyclin B1 and securin, were induced by MIIP. The cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments showed that MIIP blocked cyclin B1 and securin degradation, which is consistent with our previous finding that MIIP directly interacted with Cdc20 and inhibited APC/CCdc20 activity. We further found that MIIP inhibited histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10. Taken together, our studies provide evidence that MIIP plays a critical role in chromosome condensation and segregation in mitosis. Because chromosome 1p36 region is commonly deleted in colon cancer cells, the MIIP gene may represent a novel negative cell cycle regulator that is abnormally altered thus contributing to genomic instability in colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3000. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3000
Resonant light scattering of a laser frequency comb by a quantum dot

We investigate the spectral and temporal properties of light scattered near resonantly by a single quantum dot when the incident laser field is a frequency comb consisting of a superposition of monochromatic waves equidistant in frequency. Such fields encompass those generated by, e.g., a periodically pulsed laser. A general theoretical treatment for the calculation of first- and second-order correlation functions is given which takes account of spectral diffusion through a slowly varying detuning from resonance, permitting accurate comparison with experiments. We explore the two distinct regimes in which the frequency-comb separation is either larger or smaller than the radiative decay rate. We verify the validity of our calculations by a comparison with experimental data for the case of a bichromatic field and discuss the manifestation of phase coherence between the incoming field and the scattered single-photon wave packet.
Binaural hearing in children using Gaussian enveloped and transposed tones

Children who use bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) show significantly poorer sound localization skills than their normal hearing (NH) peers. This difference has been attributed, in part, to the fact that cochlear implants (CIs) do not faithfully transmit interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs), which are known to be important cues for sound localization. Interestingly, little is known about binaural sensitivity in NH children, in particular, with stimuli that constrain acoustic cues in a manner representative of CI processing. In order to better understand and evaluate binaural hearing in children with BiCIs, the authors first undertook a study on binaural sensitivity in NH children ages 8-10, and in adults. Experiments evaluated sound discrimination and lateralization using ITD and ILD cues, for stimuli with robust envelope cues, but poor representation of temporal fine structure. Stimuli were spondaic words, Gaussian-enveloped tone pulse trains (100 pulse-per-second), and transposed tones. Results showed that discrimination thresholds in children were adult-like (15-389 μs for ITDs and 0.5-6.0 dB for ILDs). However, lateralization based on the same binaural cues showed higher variability than seen in adults. Results are discussed in the context of factors that may be responsible for poor representation of binaural cues in bilaterally implanted children.
Final Assembly Craftsmanship of Five-rod Helicalspring Suspension

The assembling craftsmanship of automobile rear axle refers to one of most important craftsmanship in final assembly.The article introduces the processes of the assembling craftsmanship of five-rod helicalspring suspension.
Optimal Selection of Limited Vocabulary Speech Corpora.

We address the problem of finding a subset of a large speech data corpus that is useful for accurately and rapidly prototyping novel and computationally expensive speech recognition architectures. To solve this problem, we express it as an optimization problem over submodular functions. Quantities such as vocabulary size (or quality) of a set of utterances, or quality of a bundle of word types are submodular functions which make finding the optimal solutions possible. We, moreover, are able to express our approach using graph cuts leading to a very fast implementation even on large initial corpora. We show results on the Switchboard-I corpus, demonstrating improved results over previous techniques for this purpose. We also demonstrate the variety of the resulting corpora that may be produced using our method.
Inmates and Prison Involvement With Drugs Examining Drug-Related Misconduct During Incarceration

Using data from one Midwestern state, the present study focuses on the importation and deprivation characteristics of 543 adult inmates to identify the types of inmates who participate in drug-rela...
Sustaining Teachers: Attending to the Best-Loved Self in Teacher Education and Beyond

While much research has been produced around what policy makers and theorists want preservice and practicing teachers to know and to do, little work has been conducted around what preservice and practicing teachers need in order to feel sustained in the teaching profession. Similarly, much has been written about teacher quality from a distance. However, a paucity of research has concentrated on the conditions essential to nurturing the qualities of the best-loved self of teachers along the career continuum.
Angular Limb Deformities: Growth Retardation

Angular limb deformities are common in foals; however, the importance of the deformity and if treatment is required depend on the degree of deformity relative to normal conformation for stage of growth, the breed and discipline expectations, age, and response to conservative therapies. This article addresses the importance of the foal conformation examination to determine which foals need surgical intervention to correct an angular deformity and when. Techniques for surgical growth retardation include the transphyseal staple, screw and wire transphyseal bridge, and transphyseal screw. Appropriate timing for intervention for each location and complications associated with each procedure are discussed.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Fibromyalgia.

SSRIs may have a small to moderate effect on pain (number needed to treat [NNT] = 10), global improvement (NNT = 7), and depression (NNT = 13) in patients with fibromyalgia, but the quality of evidence is very low because of bias and small studies. SSRIs do not reduce fatigue related to fibromyalgia.
Hidden hunger in South Asia: a review of recent trends and persistent challenges.

‘Hidden hunger’ is a term used to describe human deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients. While global in scale, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is particularly high in South Asia despite recent successes in economic growth, agricultural output and health care. The present paper reviews the most recent evidence on patterns and trends of hidden hunger across the region, with a focus on the most significant deficiencies – iodine, Fe, vitamin A and Zn – and interprets these in terms of health and economic consequences. The challenge for South Asian policy makers is to invest in actions that can cost-effectively resolve chronic nutrient gaps facing millions of households. Appropriate solutions are available today, so governments should build on evidence-based successes that combine targeted health system delivery of quality services with carefully designed multisector actions that help promote healthier diets, reduce poverty and ensure social protection simultaneously.
The NISTmAb Reference Material 8671 value assignment, homogeneity, and stability.

The NISTmAb Reference Material (RM) 8671 is intended to be an industry standard monoclonal antibody for pre-competitive harmonization of best practices and designing next generation characterization technologies for identity, quality, and stability testing. It must therefore embody the quality and characteristics of a typical biopharmaceutical product and be available long-term in a stable format with consistent product quality attributes. A stratified sampling and analysis plan using a series of qualified analytical and biophysical methods is described that assures RM 8671 meets these criteria. Results for the first three lots of RM 8671 highlight the consistency of material attributes with respect to size, charge, and identity. RM 8671 was verified to be homogeneous both within and between vialing lots, demonstrating the robustness of the lifecycle management plan. It was analyzed in concert with the in-house primary sample 8670 (PS 8670) to provide a historical link to this seminal material. RM 8671 was verified to be fit for its intended purpose as a technology innovation tool, external system suitability control, and cross-industry harmonization platform.
Assessment of Malingered Psychosis in Mental Health Counseling

Malingering is the gross exaggeration or fabrication of physical and psychological symptoms for secondary gain. Though a client's potential secondary gain may be apparent to the counselor, determining the client's situational stressors and motivation for that gain complicates definitive detection of malingering. Adopting the adaptational model of malingering in assessment can reframe the deception and misrepresentation as possibly an adaptive way to meet basic needs. Because malingering is a diagnosis of exclusion, it must first entail differential diagnosis with somatoform and factitious disorders. Assessment requires a solid clinical background in understanding malingering response style, target symptoms, psychotic symptom manifestation, and the subsequent differentiation between genuine and malingered psychosis. This article provides practical strategies for detecting feigned psychotic symptoms and briefly surveys psychometric tools counselors can use to detect malingering.
Infectious risks of blood transfusion.

The public demand for a "zero-risk" blood supply in the wake of transfusion-transmitted HIV has prompted many changes in the donor selection process, donor testing, and postcollection processing of blood and blood products. The effectiveness of these new strategies has had a remarkable impact: The risk for HIV is now estimated to be one in 1 million units transfused. The risk for other transfusion-transmitted viral infections has similarly been reduced. On the heels of the success of research endeavors targeting transfusion-related viral risk reduction, new concerns regarding transmission of other infectious agents (e.g., bacteria, parasites, and prions) by transfusion have emerged. Consequently, investigative efforts that are even more vigorous are under way, aiming to define the characteristics of transmission as well as identify useful technologies to detect or eliminate these infectious agents.
Asymptotic Forms for Laguerre Polynomials

In the present paper the asymptotic behaviour of the Laguerre polynomial L n x (x) will be discussed under the assumption that a is fixed and non-negative, x is an unrestricted real variable, and n—> ∞.
The Development of the Prediction of Protein Structure

The tenet of structural biology that function follows form had its seeds in the monograph by C. B. Anfinsen, The Molecular Basis of Evolution (Anfinsen, 1959), wherein he stated “Protein chemists naturally feel that the most likely approach to the understanding of cellular behavior lies in the study of structure and function of protein molecules.” The achievement of protein crystallography over the past 30 years has confirmed this view whereby the description of the structure and function of proteins is now frequently understood at the atomic level.
Conceptualizing Cultural Influences on Socialization: Comparing Parent–Adolescent Relationships in the United States and Mexico

This chapter is a review and conceptual analysis of the extent to which aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship can both vary and share qualities across cultures. Parent–adolescent relationships in both the United States and Mexico are used as examples to illustrate how cultural variations exist within common themes across cultures. Specifically, the first objective is to consider how cultural variation influences differences and similarities in the meaning of adolescent social competence in the United States and Mexico. The second objective of this chapter considers how cultural variation across these two societies results in differences and similarities in the socialization strategies that parents use to encourage or inhibit adolescent social competence. Such a conceptual analysis seeks to provide a better theoretical basis for cross-cultural understanding about how adolescent social competence is either fostered or impaired by parents in ways consistent with their cultural context. Accomplishing these objectives requires gaining an understanding of ecological theory, general cultural values that define the goals and strategies of socialization within different cultures, and a thorough review and synthesis of recent research on parent–adolescent relationships.
MODULATION OF HUMAN EA ROSETTE FORMATION AND ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY BY PROMETHAZINE AND AGENTS WHICH ALTER CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the modulation of human EA rosette formation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by promethazine and agents that alter cyclic nucleotide levels. In a study described in the chapter, human lymphocytes were preincubated for 2 h in each of the drug solutions or in media alone as a control. FcRBL's were detected by rosette formation with ox erythrocytes coated with rabbit-anti-ox antisera (EA rosettes). The ADCC assay was performed according to the method of Perlmann using a 4 h incubation. Purified populations of B lymphocytes for use in the capping experiments were obtained by Ficoll–Hypaque separation of E-rosette-forming cells. These cells were preincubated for 2 h in dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) or Promethazine HC1 (Prom.), prior to staining with FITC-labeled anti-Ig at 37°C for 30 min. Preliminary experiments using lymphocytes from normal individuals demonstrated no quantitative correlation between EA rosettes and ADCC at either a 40:1 or 15:1 effector to target cell ratio. Histamine (Hist), dbcAMP, and Carbachol (Carb) had no effect on the ability of lymphocytes to form EA rosettes.
Treating adult women with suspected UTI.

More than 7 million women are diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs) annually, making it one of the most commonly seen conditions in primary care.
Bilateral Anterior Innominate Osteotomy for Bladder Exstrophy.

Background Bladder exstrophy is a congenital condition that affects the genitourinary and musculoskeletal systems, and less commonly affects the intestinal system, with cloacal exstrophy. This condition results from abnormal migration of the mesenchyme, between the endoderm and ectoderm, leading to anterior rupture of the cloacal membrane. Numerous osseous morphologic changes are observed in bladder exstrophy. Rotational anomalies include external rotation of the posterior part of the pelvis and iliac wings, on average 12°, and acetabular retroversion1-3. Although various osteotomy types have been described for initial bladder exstrophy closure, the anterior approach has demonstrated positive outcomes in improving daytime continence, gait, and correction of the diastasis4. Thus, the anterior iliac osteotomy provides an effective method to help close the pelvic ring and decrease stress on the anterior abdominal wall during exstrophy closure. In addition, this technique promotes continence by reconfiguring, and thereby restoring, the fibrous symphyseal bar and pelvic floor musculature5. Description The steps of the procedure include (1) preoperative planning, (2) patient positioning, (3) incision, (4) identification of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, (5) subperiosteal dissection of the iliac wing, (6) guide pin placement and anterior osteotomy, (7) posterior hinge osteotomy (for cloacal exstrophy and for patients ≥2 years old), (8) external fixator pin placement, (9) anterior internal fixation of the pubic symphysis (for cloacal exstrophy and for patients ≥2 years old), and (10) resumption of the urologic procedure followed by wound closure and application of external fixator. Alternatives Numerous previous techniques for osteotomies in bladder exstrophy have been developed, starting with Shultz in 1958, who recognized the importance of bringing the pubic bones together for gait correction in exstrophy repair6. O'Phelan was the first, to our knowledge, to document outcomes of this bilateral posterior osteotomy technique to reduce tension from the externally rotated iliac bones and widened pubic symphysis in a 2-stage bladder exstrophy closure7. Other approaches have included an oblique iliac wing osteotomy and pubic ramotomy, described by Frey and Cohen in 19898. However, the latter approach inadequately restores the pelvic osseous relations except in female newborns who would have a small diastasis after manual rotation of the pelvis. Rationale This procedure has several advantages over the prior conventional posterior approach. These include better approximation and improved mobility of the pubic rami at the time of closure, prevention of vertical migration of the hemipelvis, direct visual placement of an external fixator and adjustment postoperatively, and no requirement for turning the patient during the operation. In addition, this procedure allows for adjunctive posterior osteotomy from the anterior approach to provide adequate closure in those with cloacal exstrophy, prior failed closure, or extreme diastasis of >6 cm9.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptor Mutations associated with Human Disease

Calcium release into the cytosol via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) calcium channel is important for a variety of cellular processes. As a result, impairment or inhibition of this release can result in disease. Recently, mutations in all four domains of the IP3R have been suggested to cause diseases such as ataxia, cancer, and anhidrosis; however, most of these mutations have not been functionally characterized. In this review we summarize the reported mutations, as well as the associated symptoms. Additionally, we use clues from transgenic animals, receptor stoichiometry, and domain location of mutations to speculate on the effects of individual mutations on receptor structure and function and the overall mechanism of disease.
Naturally! Examining Nature’s Role in Workplace Strain Reduction

In past literature, exposure to nature has been demonstrated to have beneficial, restorative effects on the human body and cognitions. Using a two-wave, full panel design, the present study takes an interdisciplinary approach to extend previous findings and to explore the relationship between exposure to nature at work and workplace strain outcomes. The Attention Restoration Theory was used to describe how nature exposure indirectly reduces strain, through increased employee attention. The sample (N = 176) consisted of full-time office employees, working in an urban setting in the United States. Results demonstrated significant relationships between workplace nature exposure, directed attention, and strain outcomes (burnout, job dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms). Specifically, directed attention significantly mediated the association between nature exposure and all workplace strain outcomes. The findings of the study provide several practical and theoretical contributions to occupational health science through the consideration of increased exposure to nature as a new, additional job resource. Future research should consider the relevance of workplace nature exposure to stressor-strain theory and the incorporation of nature into stress management interventions.
A Social Approach to Privacy in Location-Enhanced Computing

Place Lab is a system for positioning a user based on passive monitoring of 802.11 access points. Place Lab seeks preserve the user’s privacy by preventing disclosures, even to “trusted” systems in the infrastructure. We are pursing two avenues to explore these and other privacy issues in the domain of socially-oriented applications. We are doing fieldwork to understand user needs and preferences as well as developing applications with significant, fundamental privacy concerns in order to expose the strengths and weaknesses in our approach.
Infrequent use of clinical trials registries in published systematic reviews in urology.

Validity of systematic reviews may be affected by non-publication of statistically non-significant or unfavorable clinical trial results. One function of clinical trial registries is to make these non-published studies available and thereby reduce potential publication bias. We aim to assess the use of clinical trial registries in published systematic reviews in urology. We identified all systematic reviews published in the five highest-impact general urology journals that publish original research between January 1 and December 31, 2017. Full-text analysis was performed to determine if protocols included searching clinical trial registries meeting WHO Registry Network criteria. Of a total of 204 search results, 92 were included in the analysis as systematic reviews. The majority searched the MEDLINE (91, 98%), EMBASE (69, 75%), and Cochrane (49, 53%) databases. Based on published methods, only 16 (17%) systematic reviews searched any clinical trial registries: 14 (15%) ClinicalTrials.gov, 6 (6%) WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and 2 (2%) ISRCTN registry. Rates of searching clinical trial registries were low regardless of the journal: 8 of 34 (24%) in European Urology; 2 of 10 (20%) in BJU International; 3 of 17 (18%) in Urology; 2 of 18 (11%) in The Journal of Urology; and 1 of 13 (8%) in World Journal of Urology. The majority of recently published systematic reviews in urology do not routinely search clinical trial registries. Inclusion of these registries can help identify unpublished trial data, which may improve the quality of systematic reviews by reducing publication bias.
Stress state of a piecewise uniform layered space with doubly periodic internal cracks

The present paper deals with the stress state of a piecewise homogeneous plane formed by alternation junction of two distinct strips of equal height manufactured of different materials. There is a doubly periodic system of cracks on the plane. The governing system of singular integral equations of the first kind for the density of the crack dislocation is derived. The solution of the problem in the case where only one of the repeated strips contains one doubly-periodic crack is obtained by the method of mechanical quadratures.
Diverse Surface Mineralogy of Mars from Hyperspectral Sensing

Hyperspectral imaging of Mars from space-based platforms has transformed our perception of it from a single "red planet" to a rich world with environments—both modern and ancient—as varied as those found on Earth. Here we provide a summary and update of minerals and mineral assemblages detected using the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on board NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These minerals and their mapped spatial distributions allow formulation and testing of hypotheses on how Martian environments varied across space and time. We will provide an overview of the data processing and analysis techniques used most widely to date and an outlook on how innovative approaches could yield further insights.
A retrospective analysis of stereotactic body radiation therapy for canine heart base tumors: 26 cases

Abstract Introduction This study retrospectively evaluated outcomes and adverse radiation effects (AREs) associated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for canine heart base tumors (HBTs). A secondary aim was to identify any demographic or echocardiographic factors that might determine which dogs would most benefit from SBRT. Animals Twenty-six dogs that received SBRT for an imaging-based diagnosis of a HBT were evaluated. Methods Twenty-three dogs were treated with three fractions of 10 Gy delivered daily or every other day. The remaining 3 dogs received variable protocols of one to five fractions. Demographic, echocardiographic, and radiographic information, AREs, and treatment responses were collected. Correlations of these data with survival time were evaluated. Results The median overall survival time was 404 days (95% confidence interval: 239–554 days). The majority of dogs experienced a partial response (25%) or stable disease (60%) for a median duration of 333 days (95% confidence interval: 94–526 days). Three dogs had progressive disease within six months of SBRT. Radiographic pneumonitis was identified in 7 of 23 dogs, and clinical pneumonitis was identified in 4 dogs. No other AREs were noted. The rate of distant metastasis was 13%. On multivariate analysis, it was found that vena caval obstruction, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, clinical signs, and enlarged locoregional lymph nodes at presentation were negatively associated with survival time. Conclusions Stereotactic body radiation therapy was delivered with a low rate and degree of normal tissue complications. Asymptomatic dogs with confirmed, progressive growth of a HBT may most likely benefit from SBRT.
Vehicle Structure, Restraint and Electronic Systems

The following chapter describes the state-of-the-art for all components involved in passive safety, such as the occupant cell, the vehicle structure and the various restraint systems. In particular, the electronic components such as the control unit and sensors will be discussed and the functionality of current airbag algorithms will be explained.
P662 Cell envelope damage of N. gonorrhoeae after 15-min beta-lactam exposure enables rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Background Designing diagnostic tools to perform phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) at the point-of-care (POC) is a vital step in tackling the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Gonorrhea infections with resistance to the first-line dual therapy have already emerged, highlighting the impending threat of untreatable gonorrhea. A rapid, phenotypic AST could enable evidence-based (instead of empirical) therapy and improve surveillance. The focus of this work is to develop innovative strategies to measure the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates after just 15–30 min of exposure with an antibiotic. We focused on the duration of the exposure step because it remains the bottleneck for phenotypic AST with fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms. Methods We selected nucleic acid readout because our long-term goals include building fully integrated POC devices that determine the phenotypic response to antibiotic of a specific pathogen rapidly. We have been developing rapid phenotypic ASTs based on quantification of nucleic-acid concentrations in antibiotic-exposed samples. We describe a new phenotypic AST that does not depend on the speed of DNA replication and applies to beta-lactams penicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefixime acting on clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae very rapidly. Results Our assay had 100% categorical agreement with the gold-standard agar dilution AST when N. gonorrhoeae isolates were incubated for 15-min with penicillin, and 100% categorical agreement when incubated for 30 min with ceftriaxone and cefixime, and steps can be performed within 35 min measured from contrived urine samples exposed to penicillin. Conclusion By designing techniques which allow us to rapidly determine the antibiotic phenotype, evidence-based prescription of antibiotics will become possible. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Yields of fission products produced by thermal-neutron fission of Cm 245

Absolute yields have been determined for 105 gamma rays emitted in the decay of 95 fission products representing 54 mass chains created during thermal-neutron fission of $^{245}\mathrm{Cm}$. These results include 17 mass chains for which no prior yield data exist. Using a Ge(Li) detector, spectra were obtained of gamma rays between 30 sec and 0.3 yr after very short irradiations of thermal neutrons on a 1 \ensuremath{\mu}g sample of $^{245}\mathrm{Cm}$. On the basis of measured gamma-ray yields and known nuclear data, total chain mass yields and relative uncertainties were obtained for 51 masses between 84 and 156. The absolute overall normalization uncertainty is 8%. The measured $A$-chain cumulative yields make up 81% of the total light mass ($A\ensuremath{\le}121$) yield and 92% of the total heavy mass yield. The results are compared with fission-product yields previously measured with generally good agreement. The mass-yield data have been compared with those for thermal-neutron fission of $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ and for $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}(\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{f}.)$; the influences of the closed shells $Z=50$, $N=82$ are not as marked as for thermal-neutron fission of $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ but much more apparent than for $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}(\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{f}.)$. Information on the charge distribution along several isobaric mass chains was obtained by determining fractional yields for 12 fission products. The charge distribution width parameter, based upon data for the heavy masses, $A=128 \mathrm{to} 140$, is independent of mass to within the uncertainties of the measurements. Gamma-ray assignments were made for decay of short-lived fission products for which absolute gamma-ray transition probabilities are either not known or in doubt. Absolute gamma-ray transition probabilities were determined as (51 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8)% for the 374-keV gamma ray from decay of $^{110}\mathrm{Rh}$, (35 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 7)% for the 1096-keV gamma ray from decay of $^{133}\mathrm{Sb}$, and (21.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2)% for the 255-keV gamma ray from decay of $^{142}\mathrm{Ba}$.
Evidence for long memory in focal seizure duration

Objective A major source of disability for people with epilepsy involves uncertainty surrounding seizure timing and severity. Although patients often report that long seizure-free intervals are followed by more severe seizures, there is little experimental evidence supporting this observation. Optimal characterization of seizure severity is debated; however, seizure duration is associated with seizure type and can be quantified in electrographic recordings as a limited proxy of clinical seizure severity. Here, using chronic intracranial electroencephalography (cEEG), we investigate the relationship between interseizure interval (ISI) and duration of the subsequent seizure. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 14 subjects implanted with a responsive neurostimulation device (RNS System) that provides cEEG, including timestamps of electrographic seizures. We determined seizure durations for isolated seizures and for representative seizures from clusters determined through unsupervised methods. For each subject, the median ISI preceding long-duration seizures, defined as the top quintile of seizure durations, was compared with the median ISI preceding seizures with durations in the residual quintiles. In a group analysis, the mean seizure duration and the proportion of long-duration seizures were compared across ISI categories representing different lengths. Results For 5 out of 14 subjects (36%), the median ISI preceding long-duration seizures was significantly greater than the median ISI preceding shorter-duration seizures. In the group analysis, when ISI was categorized by length, the proportion of long-duration seizures within the high ISI category was significantly higher than that of the low ISI category (P < 0.001). Significance By leveraging cEEG and accounting for seizure clusters, we found that the likelihood of long-duration seizures positively correlates with ISI length, in a subset of individuals. These findings corroborate anecdotal clinical observations and support the existence of capacitor-like long memory processes governing the dynamics of focal seizures.
In Too-Big-To-Fail We Trust: Ethics and Banking in the Era of COVID-19

The COVID-19 economic crisis has brought to light something very broken in the American banking system—banks prioritize their own profits over the interests of those they serve and interests of social justice. And they are permitted to do so because they do not owe a fiduciary duty to their customers and are not social welfare maximizing entities. In an effort to support the economy, the US government passed numerous stimulus acts, which included, among other things, a Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), and the distribution of relief checks to consumers. To effectuate the massive distribution of liquidity on an expedited basis, the government relied on big banks. But instead of prioritizing the public welfare, the banks were focused on their bottom lines and thus did not carry out the true intent of the stimulus. For example, with respect to the PPP, although the Small Business Administration was required to process the loans on a first-come, first-served basis, the banks were not. And absent that requirement, the banks prioritized richer and bigger customers. As a result, women and minority-owned small businesses, as well as peripheral area-based small businesses, found themselves facing more barriers to getting loans. Similarly, with respect to the direct distribution of relief checks to consumers, banks prioritized their own interests over those of their customers. For example, in an effort to collect bank debt, banks froze and seized the funds from government relief checks deposited into consumer accounts before the consumers that needed those funds received them. Consequently, various state attorney generals and courts had to intervene, and mandate that the consumers be permitted to use the funds as the government had intended—for necessities like food and shelter. There are several techniques we can employ to modify banks’ ethical behavior and cultural norms. This Essay discusses such methods, which include (i) a top-down regulatory approach; (ii) the creation of market-led initiatives; (iii) an interpretive fix, offered by the judicial system; and (iv) a public criticism and shaming semi-regulatory approach.
The Effect of Various Polynaphthalene Sulfonate Based Superplasticizers on the Workability of Reactive Powder Concrete

A superplasticizer is a type of chemical admixture used to alter the workability (viscosity) of fresh concrete. The workability of fresh concrete is often of particular importance when the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio is low and a particular workability is desired. Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a high-strength concrete formulated to provide compressive strengths exceeding 130MPa and made of primarily powders. RPC materials typically have a very low w/c, which requires the use of a chemical admixture in order to make the material workable for placing, handling and consolidating. Superplasticizer are commonly used for this purpose. Superplasticizers are developed from different formulations, the most common being Polynaphthalene Sulfonate (PNS), Polymelamine Sulfonate (PMS) and Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE). This study investigates the impact of various PNS based superplasticizers on the compressive strength and rheological performance of a RPC mixture. Six different types of PNS based superplasticizers were used; three of various compositional strengths (high, medium, low range) from a local provider, and three of the same compositional strengths (high, medium, low) from a leading manufacturer. Specific properties assessed were the superplasticizers viscosity, concrete workability through the mortar-spread test, concrete rheology, and 7, 14, and 28 day RPC compressive strengths. Two mixtures were produced with two w/cm (0.20 and 0.15), which would subsequently increase the amount of superplasticizer needed, from 34.7L/m 3 to 44.5L/m 3 . The results show that the name brand high range composition produced the overall highest spread, lowest viscosity, and a highest compressive strength at all ages tested. However, the local provider outperformed the name brand in the mid and low range compositions. Additionally, the rheology test also demonstrated that the name brand high range, and RPC produced with the name brand high range, had a lower viscosity at all angular speeds than the others tested.
Estimating the Economic Impact of a One-Time Event: The Case of l’Hermione in Yorktown

On June 5, 6, and 7 of 2015, the reconstructed French frigate L’Hermione made its first official landing in the United States at the port of Yorktown, Virginia. This vessel was named after the original 1780 frigate that brought the Marquis de Lafayette to America from France to help in the American Revolutionary War effort, and was meticulously reconstructed using period materials and methods. Unlike other ports of call where admission fees were charged for entry onto the vessel, at Yorktown access was provided via a ticket distribution system on a first-come, first-served basis during the three day visit. Student volunteers from nearby Christopher Newport University helped distribute tickets, control crowds, and manage the boarding process. About 8,000 members of the public boarded the vessel; an estimated total of 20,000 members of the public attended the other related events taking place that weekend. In addition, during the three-day period, 1,676 survey intercepts were conducted by student volunteers. The data indicates:- Over 85% of the surveyed population agreed or strongly agreed that York County’s ticket distribution system was fair- A surprisingly small portion of the surveyed population came from York County (~12%), indicating a broad impact of the event to the region, state, and beyond- Around $350,000 was spent on hotel rooms, meals, and incidentals among those who traveled to Hampton Roads specifically for the Hermione visit, based on extrapolations from the survey data- About $500,000 of driving/travel expenditure was indicated by zip code distance analysis- Using a rough measure of consumer surplus (opportunity cost analysis), the data indicate that around $1.5 million of value creation (utility) was associated with the event.- The surveyed population was overwhelmingly white (95%) and had relatively high incomes (over 35% reported annual household income above $100,000, compared to a national average of about 20%)- The surveyed population was very well-traveled relative to the United States average, with more than 35% reporting travel outside the US over the past 12 months
Screw dislocation impingement and slip transfer at fcc-bcc semicoherent interfaces

Abstract Understanding of dislocation-interface interactions at the atomistic level could provide useful insights into the mechanisms behind slip transfer, a key information for higher length-scale formulations. A systematic study of screw dislocation impingement on both Fe/Al and Fe/Cu interfaces with Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship has been carried out using atomistic simulations. For the “strong” Fe/Al interface, there is appreciable dislocation delocalization, in which the change in dislocation content provided by Nye tensor analysis. Interestingly, the delocalization is significant enough that large simulation cells must be employed in order to avoid boundary effects. When the impinging dislocations are far away from the boundaries, the large accumulation of shear strains nearby the impinging dislocations at the interface causes dislocation nucleation/emission at these places. While for the “weak” Fe/Cu interface, the dislocation delocalization at the interface is notably long-range, extending more than 20 nm away from where the initial dislocations entered the interface.
Varying the Money Supply of Commercial Banks

We consider the problem of financing two productive sectors in an economy through bank loans, when the sectors may experience independent demands for money but when it is desirable for each to maintain an independently determined sequence of prices. An idealized central bank is compared with a collection of commercial banks that generate profits from interest rate spreads and flow those through to a collection of consumer/owners who are also one group of borrowers and lenders in the private economy. We model the private economy as one in which both production functions and consumption preferences for the two goods are independent, and in which one production process experiences a shock in the demand for money arising from an opportunity for risky innovation of its production function. An idealized, profitless central bank can decouple the sectors, but for-profit commercial banks inherently propagate shocks in money demand in one sector into price shocks with a tail of distorted prices in the other sector. The connection of profits with efficiency-reducing propagation of shocks is mechanical in character, in that it does not depend on the particular way profits are used strategically within the banking system. In application, the tension between profits and reserve requirements is essential to enabling but also controlling the distributed perception and evaluation services provided by commercial banks. We regard the inefficiency inherent in the profit system as a source of costs that are paid for distributed perception and control in economies.
Improving prediction in TAC SCM by integrating multivariate and temporal aspects via PLS regression

We address the construction of a prediction model from data available in a complex environment. We first present a data extraction method that is able to leverage information contained in the movements of all variables in recent observations. This improved data extraction is then used with a common multivariate regression technique: Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. We experimentally validate this combined data extraction and modeling with data from a competitive multi-agent supply chain setting, the Trading Agent Competition for Supply Chain Management (TAC SCM). Our method achieves competitive (and often superior) performance compared to the state-of-the-art domain-specific prediction techniques used in the 2008 Prediction Challenge competition.