Quantitative explorations in the history of psychology in Yugoslavia: translations.

Summary.-This smdy is a part of investigations of trends and factors in the development of psychology in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tabulation of uanslations from the major international languages, viewed as indicators of the available sources of information and of the currents in international relations and cultural "climate," suggests that the Russ~an literarure dominated the scene during the early post-war years, followed by a French and a German wave in the 'fifties. The American literature came into prominence in the 'sixties. A comprehensive, critical history of the development of a branch of science in a country, based on the study of the original writings, cannot be written in one summer. One could, perhaps, attempt to provide a synrheszs, should an adequate amount of previous analytical research be a: hand. This is not the case for the history of psychology in Yugoslavia, a history which is relatively short but complex. In accord with interesc in history presented nodo mathemutico and mod0 geometrico (Broiek, 1969, p. 120) 1 chore to ask questions concerning numerical trends and configusalions. This makes it possibLe to meet the criteria of generality, verifiability, and comparability-within Yugoslavic and internationally. My particular interest is in comparative studies of the development in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. The "trends" may be characterized in such terms as dates of the establishment of departments of psychology, the number of students graduating each gear with a major in psychology and of those aming a Ph.D. in psychology, and growth of the membership of professional psychological organizations in the different republics. The frequency and the content of the program of scientific congresses provide additional criteria of the psychologists' professional and scientific activities. One of the important indicators of the vitality and scholarly productivity in a given field is the emergence and the life span of scientific journals. Informative data are obtained also by studying such facets of interaction with scientists abroad as the choice of countries for graduate and post-graduate (post-Ph.D.) training and international cooperation in research. Here we are shifting from "trends" to "factors." In this study the impact of changing international relations may be shown by plotting publication dates of translations of books on psychology originally published abroad. For this we shall use the in€ormation for the years 1945-1967, provided by the Yugoslav Bibliographic Institute (Janitijevit, 1969, pp. 206-226, Items 1671-1863). The data are summarized in Fig. 1. We have recorded only books translated from Russian, French, German and English, omitting brochures translated from English (Item 1721) and from French (Item 1674) and two books translated from Latin (Item 1854) and from Czech (Item 1738), respectively. The data clearly reflect be dominance of Russian influence during the early postwar period. Interestingly enocgh, it was manifested with several years delay in published 'The information on which this communication is based was obtained during a visit made during the Summer months of 1970. It was arranged by the Council of the Academies of Sciences and Arts of Yugoslavia and the (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences in the framework of the exchange of scientific personnel between the two countries.