cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical applications of topology and group theory. Part 36. Deltahedral and fused deltahedral organometallic gallium and indium clusters

Abstract This paper surveys the structures and chemical bonding in several recently discovered organometallic gallium and indium clusters including the tricapped trigonal prism Ga9(CMe3)9, the bicapped octahedron In8[Si(CMe3)3]6, fused deltahedra such as Ga10[Si(SiMe3)3]6 and In12[Si(CMe3)3]8, and the more complicated supraicosahedral structures [Ga19{C(SiMe3)3}8]2−, Ga22[Si(SiMe3)3]8, and Ga26[Si(SiMe3)3]82−. The Wade–Mingos 2n+2 and Jemmis 2n+2m electron-counting rules appear to be applicable to most of these clusters. The deltahedra found in the supraicosahedral Group 13 metal clusters can be derived from the 12-vertex cuboctahedron and related 13-vertex polyhedra by capping all of the non-triangular faces.
Short baseline neutrino physics: MiniBooNE and beyond

Abstract The MiniBooNE experiment, a short baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently running at Fermilab, has observed an unexplained excess of ν e -like events at energies between 200 MeV and 475 MeV. Those results and the results of the LSND excess events in ν e are compared to a non-standard oscillation pattern that involves three active and two sterile neutrinos. Some future possibilities for short future baseline programs are also discussed.
Differential relation of two distinct, film-induced positive emotional states to affiliative and agentic extraversion

Abstract Extraversion is comprised of two major components, referred to as agency and affiliation, which are characterized by two different types of positive emotional states of incentive motivation–positive activation and warmth–affection, respectively (Depue & Collins, 1999). In response to the lack of film material targeting these different positive emotional states, a set of films was previously developed that significantly induces a state of incentive motivation–positive activation (Morrone, Depue, Scherer, & White, 2000). In the present study, due to a paucity of methods that specifically induce warmth and affection, dynamic film material was developed that activates such subjective experience. Affiliative film-induced increases in warmth and affection ratings were significantly related to a trait measure of affiliative extraversion [Tellegen's MPQ Social Closeness scale (r=0.39, P
Tumor Masquerading as a Portal Vein Thrombosis

The practice of routinely evaluating the portal vein as part of a right upper quadrant sonography study may have value as a screening mechanism for portal vein thrombosis. Difficulties arise in differentiating thrombosis from tumor as the source of portal vein obstruction. This case study of portal tumor thrombosis (PTT) due to hepatocellular carcinoma is a good example of the use of multiple modalities to arrive at the definitive diagnosis. Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography on the accurate diagnosis of PTT, but few cases have been reported that used a multimodality approach.
Management of children with empyema: Pleural drainage is not always necessary.

Background There is considerable variation in the management of pediatric empyema, and there are no clear criteria for when to perform pleural drainage. Our study aims were: (1) to retrospectively review our experience with an empyema treatment strategy that started with intravenously administered (IV) antibiotics alone in medically stable patients with procession to pleural drainage only if there was no clinical improvement after 48 hr, and (2) to identify predictors for undergoing pleural drainage. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 182 previously healthy children, 1–18 years old, hospitalized with empyema from December 1996 through December 2008. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of patients requiring pleural drainage procedures and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results Ninety-five children (52%) received antibiotics alone, and 87 (45%) underwent drainage procedures (21 chest tube alone, 57 VATS/thoracotomy, and 8 chest tube followed by VATS/thoracotomy); only 4 received fibrinolytics. Mean (standard deviation) LOS was significantly shorter in the antibiotics alone group, 7.0 (3.5) versus 11 (4.0) days. The strongest predictors of undergoing pleural drainage were admission to the intensive care unit and large effusion size (>½ thorax filled). Conclusions Some children with empyema can be treated with IV antibiotics alone and have reasonably short LOS. At our institution, those that required intensive care or had large effusions with mediastinal shift were more likely to require pleural drainage. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:475–480. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CROTONASE DEFICIENCY: DEMONSTRATION OF A DEFECT IN β-OXIDATION IN MAN

A patient who presented with severe acidosis (CO2, 4 meq/L) without hypoglycemia was found to have 1 mM crotonic acid in his serum. During an elective 20 hr fast, β-OH butyrate and aceto-acetate rose to 5.3 mM and 1.9 mM, Serum alanine and glucose fell to 137 μM and 57 mg/dl. Crotonic acid rose from undetectable levels to 160 μ M at 20 hrs but continued to rise after the fast was terminated to 700 μ M by 34 hrs. β-OH butyric acid is not converted to crotonic acid by the methods used. The elevation of crotonic acid appears highly specific as no crotonic acid could be demonstrated in other severely acidotic patients (diabetes, propionic acidemia, ketotic hypoglycemia). Metabolic studies were carried out in isolated leukocytes. Total crotonase activity was >3 S.D. below normal (.125 vs .319±.051 OD280/min/mg) o Tiglyl CoA enoyl hydrase, β-OH butyryl CoA de-hydrogenase, and oxidation of branched chain amino acids were normal. Lysine oxidation (which requires crotonase) was 36% of normal. Palmitate oxidation was <25% of age matched controls but only 10-25% reduced from adult controls. Butyrate oxidation was 40% of age matched controls but only slightly reduced from adult values. In fibroblasts butyrate oxidation was 41% of control values. This child exhibits a partial defect in β-oxidation. These studies also suggest that the enoyl hydrases for branch chain amino acid metabolism may be distinct from crotonase.
Electroencephalographic and radionuclide studies in dialysis dementia

Electroencephalographic and radionuclide studies in dialysis dementia. Six maintenance hemodialysis patients with dialysis dementia (severe mental deterioration, speech disturbances, apraxia, facial grimacing, and myoclonus) were studied. They were matched with respect to age, duration of dialysis, and underlying renal disease with six patients who had no dementia and who acted as controls for the electroencephalographic (EEG) studies. The dementia patients had marked slowing of the EEG rhythm to 5–7Hz with high voltage biphasic or triphasic spikes, and were clearly separated by frequency distribution analysis from the controls. Radio-iodinated serum albumin (RISA) cisternography in dementia patients demonstrated ventricular reflux, prolonged stasis, late appearance of the parasagittal strip, and persistence of RISA for up to 72–96 hr, which suggest an alteration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Etude electroencephalographique et radioisotopique dans la demence de la dialyse. Six malades soumis a l'hemodialyse periodique et atteints de demence de la dialyse (deterioration mentale severe, desordre du langage, apraxie, myoclonies et grimaces faciales) ont ete etudies. Ils ont ete compares, en ce qui concerne l'âge, la duree de la dialyse et la maladie renale sous-jacente, a six malades indemnes de demence et qui ont servi de controles pour les etudes electroencephalographiques (EEG). Les malades dements ont un ralentissement important du rythme de l'EEG de 5 a 7Hz avec des spikes de voltage eleve biphasiques ou diphasiques, et sont nettement separes des controles par l'analyse de distribution de frequence. La cisternographie au moyen de serum albumine radio-iodee (RISA) montre, chez les malades atteints de demence, un reflux ventriculaire, une stase prolongee, une apparition tardive de la bande parasagittale et la persistance de RISA jusqu'a 72–96 hr, ce qui suggere une modification de la dynamique du liquide cephalo-rachidien (CSF).
A new approach to measure momentum distributions and production cross-sections of neutron rich nuclei using fragment separators

Abstract The longitudinal momentum distributions of 34 neutron-rich isotopes of elements produced by fragmentation of a 76Ge beam at 132 MeV/u with 13 ≤ Z ≤ 27 were scanned using a novel experimental approach where a variety of targets with different thicknesses was used with the fragment separator at constant magnetic rigidity. In comparison to models that describe the shape and centroid of fragment momentum distributions, a parametrization based on the measured data was derived. Details of the transmission calculations, the analysis of their uncertainties, as well as the general analysis of momentum distributions and deduced cross-sections obtained with this approach are presented.
Learning to Teach

While many intellectually and financially rewarding engineering jobs require just a bachelor's degree, graduate education is the key to careers in research and university teaching. Many graduate students- perhaps you are one of them-pursue doctoral studies because they are considering academic careers. Some students are passionate about teaching from the beginning, while others want to find out if they enjoy it in order to decide whether to seek work in industry or in academia.
Abnormal Purkinje cell morphogenesis in human renal agenesis. A Golgi study.

The prenatal histogenesis of the human cerebellum in renal agenesis has been studied in four fetuses (32-, 33-, 33-, and 36-week-old) using the rapid Golgi method. A fundamental anomaly involving the developing Purkinje cell has been found. The normal histogenesis of this neuron is aborted about the 32nd-33rd week of gestation. Subsequently, the neuron undergoes a progressive transformation acquiring an abnormal dendritic morphology in only four weeks. The perikaryal basal dendrites' are retained rather than disappear, and they continue to grow spreading horizontally through the ganglionic plate and into the internal granular layer. Progressively the basal dendrites become hypertrophic and long and give off accessory apical branches that penetrate into the molecular layer. Concomitantly, the development of the apical dendrites is impeded, and their size and number are progressively reduced. The structure of the transformed Purkinje cell as well as the distribution of its dendrites contrast sharply with those of normal neurons. This transformation reflects a remarkable degree of plasticity ofdeveloping neurons and implies structural reorganizations of the local circuitry which could result in functional anomalies. reorganizations of the local circuitry which could result in functional anomalies. Similar Purkinje cell dendritic anomalies have been described in renal dysplasia and the infantile type of polycystic kidney. The cause of this cerebellar anomaly, or its relationship to congenital renal disorders, remains unexplained. Failure of climbing fiber/Purkinje cell normal interactions is proposed as a possible explanation for the abnormal Purkinje cell histogenesis.
Comparison of Piezoresistive and Thermal Detection Approaches to Atomic Force Microscopy Topography Measurement

Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with integrated heaters can topographically map a surface with sub-nanometer vertical resolution, and lateral resolution defined by the shape of the tip. As a resistively heated atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever scans over a surface, the conductance from the cantilever depends upon the distance between the cantilever to the substrate. By measuring the cantilever electrical resitance signal, which is a function of cantilever temperature, it is possible to topographically map surfaces based. This paper models thermal conductance from the cantilever to make predictions of cantilever sensitivity that compare well with data. The model also predicts noise-limited resolution. Comparing the thermal cantilever with an identically-sized piezoresistive cantilever, the thermal cantilever provides two to four orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity and up to two orders of magnitude resolution improvement over the piezoresistive cantilever.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Thermodynamic properties of carbides in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel at 985 K

Thermodynamic properties of carbides present in 2.25Cr-lMo steel were determined at 985 K by a gas flowing method with fixed CH4/H2 gas mixtures and by a silica capsule method with reference alloys. The carbon activity range was from 0.06 to 0.5. Total carbon content, carbide species, and Cr and Mo partitionings between the matrix and carbides were measured as a function of the carbon activity. Both M6C and M23C6 carbides were present after 1000 to 3000 hours at the test temperature and in the carbon activity range studied. The amount of M6C was greater in the low carbon activity range, while M23C6 carbide became the major carbide with increasing carbon activity. The M6C carbide contained Mo as a major element and Cr and Si as minor elements; approximately 13 pct of the metal constituent was (Cr + Si). The stability of M6C carbide in this steel is significantly higher than M6C formed in the Fe-Mo-C system. The M23C6 carbide contained Cr as a major metal component and Mo as a minor. The M23C6 carbide is more stable in an extended range of the carbon activity in 2.25Cr-lMo steel than in the Fe-Cr-C system. The presence of Si is apparently low in M23C6. Thermodynamic parameters were computed for M6C and M23C6 carbides using a regular solution model of component carbides, FeCx, CrCx, and MoCx.
Science and policy in marine resource management

This note discuses the problem of handling uncertainty in the management of marine resources. In one approach, "science first," scientific questions of fact are addressed first. Once it is concluded that there is a high probability that there is a problem, the analysis preceeds to value questions, where the costs and benefits of possible remedies are weighed. In the alternative "policy first" approach, value questions are addressed at the beginning. The note suggests that both approaches are needed and can be fitted together using a framework of statistical decision theory.
The Use of Conventional Antipsychotic Medications for Patients with Schizophrenia in a Medicaid Population: Therapeutic and Cost Outcomes over 2 Years

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between drug therapy patterns achieved with conventional antipsychotics and direct healthcare costs over 2 years. Methods Paid claims data from the California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) program were used to identify 2476 patients with schizophrenia for whom 2 years of data were available. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to estimate the association between lack of antipsychotic drug therapy, delayed therapy, changes in medications, and continuous therapy on healthcare costs over a 2-year period. Results Nearly 99% of Medi-Cal patients with schizophrenia were treated with conventional antipsychotics. Patients with schizophrenia consumed nearly $48,000 in direct costs over 2 years. Over 16% of patients did not use any antipsychotic medication for 2 years. Untreated patients used more healthcare resources than treated patients did ($10,833, P = .0422), especially psychiatric hospital care ($8,027, P = .0004). However, treated patients frequently experienced suboptimal drug use patterns. Nearly 33% of treated patients delayed antipsychotic therapy for up to 2 years. Delayed therapy was associated with increased costs of $12,285 ( P = .070). Over 56% of patients experienced changes in therapy that were associated with higher total direct costs ($17,644, P Conclusion Suboptimal drug use patterns are common and costly in Medi-Cal patients with schizophrenia who initiated therapy with conventional antipsychotics.
The pH dependent distribution of β-glucosidase activity in isolated particulate fractions

Abstract Higher levels of β-glucosidase activity were found in particulate fractions isolated from corn roots under alkaline compared to acid conditions. The greatest pH effect was observed on the crude cell wall fraction (1000× g for 10 min) where 19% of the total β-glucosidase activity was recovered at pH 7.7 compared to 3% at pH 6.0. Further analysis indicated that the particulate activity recovered in the 1000× g pellet was dissociated over a narrow range of pH. To determine if the pH effect was on the cell wall or a subcellular component found in the crude cell wall fraction, cell walls were separated from organelles and membranes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Most of the β-glucosidase activity in the crude cell wall fraction was not associated with the cell wall but with an unidentified component which equilibrated at 51% (w/w) sucrose.
Late-onset holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency

We report a 21-month-old female patient whose urine organic acid profile suggested a biotin utilization abnormality consistent with multiple carboxylase deficiency. For most previously reported patients, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency has correlated with the early-onset variant of multiple carboxylase deficiency; conversely, biotinidase deficiency has been characteristic of the late-onset form. In vitro enzyme studies revealed that our patient suffered from holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. We suggest that holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of older patients in whom there is suspicion of a defect in biotin metabolism.
Geometric Database Maintenance Using CCTV Cameras And Overlay Graphics

An interactive graphics system using closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras for remote verification and maintenance of a geometric world model database has been demonstrated in GE's telerobotics testbed. The database provides geometric models and locations of objects viewed by CCTV cameras and manipulated by telerobots. To update the database, an operator uses the interactive graphics system to superimpose a wireframe line drawing of an object with known dimensions on a live video scene containing that object. The methodology used is multipoint positioning to easily superimpose a wireframe graphic on the CCTV image of an object in the work scene. An enhanced version of GE's interactive graphics system will provide the object designation function for the operator control station of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's telerobot demonstration system.
Identifying symptom profiles of depression and anxiety in patients with an acute coronary syndrome using latent class and latent transition analysis.

Objective:To identify symptom profiles of depression and anxiety in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), to examine changes in symptom profiles over time, and finally, to examine the effects of age and sex on patients' symptom profiles.Methods:One hundred ACS patients with mild to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety at 1 month post-hospital discharge were enrolled in a randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy. Latent class and latent transition analyses were used to identify symptom profiles and describe change over the time in profile membership.Results:A two-class solution was selected to describe depression and anxiety symptom profiles. Class I (76% of patients at baseline) was labeled “depression and some anxiety symptoms.” Class II (24% of patients at baseline) was labeled “anxiety and some depression symptoms.” Approximately 25% of patients in the treatment condition transitioned from the depression and some anxiety symptoms class to the anxiety and some depression sympto...
Anesthetic management and renal function in pediatric patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with continuous hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin.

Background Extensive tumor implants secondary to sarcoma, sarcomatosis, or mesothelioma in children is rare. We conducted the first phase 1 trial of escalating doses of cisplatin during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in children with sarcomatosis. The most devastating complication of cisplatin therapy is nephrotoxicity. Here we present the anesthetic management and analysis of the impact of intraoperative fluid management on the incidence of renal failure.
DESCRIPTION AND SIMULATION OF NONSTATIONARY PROCESSES BASED ON HILBERT SPECTRA

A new method is proposed for the description and simulation of nonstationary random processes based on Hilbert spectra of their sample observations. A sample of a random process is first decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the method of empirical mode decomposition. The Hilbert transforms of the IMFs yield the instantaneous amplitude and frequency, from which the Hilbert spectrum can be obtained as a function of time and frequency. The average of the Hilbert spectra over the samples is then defined as the Hilbert spectrum of the process and used as the target in the simulation of the process. The method is also extended to vector random processes. Unlike current procedures such as those based on the evolutionary process, no assumptions of functional forms for the spectra are necessary which are unknown a priori; and no assumptions of piecewise stationarity and egodicity of the process are required in parameter estimation. Applications to spectral characterization and simulation of multivariate earthquake ground motions show that the Hilbert spectra give a clear description of the time-varying spectral content of the motions and the simulated samples represent an accurate statistical image of the records. The response spectra compare well with those of the records and retain the jagged look. The method has great potential for engineering applications when dealing with nonstationary, nonlinear random processes.
INVESTIGATIONS OF A NEW IMPACT IONIZATION MODEL FOR SUBMICRON DEVICES

We discuss the device applications of a new impact ionization model. This model is based on a new formulation of the impact ionization rate for bulk semiconductors, derived from solvable high‐field Boltzmann transport equations. The model inputs are relaxation times which simulate the dominant electron‐phonon scatterings and are calibrated by realistic Monte Carlo simulations. Our impact ionization model is shown to be physically motivated and is easily implemented in the standard hydrodynamic device simulators HFIELDS and FIELDAY. An efficient numerical scheme is used to simulate three thin‐base silicon bipolar transistors. Results based on this impact ionization model are found to agree well with the experimental multiplication factors over a large range of applied voltages. These results are contrasted with the more phenomenological treatment of Scholl and Quade which is shown to be a low‐field limit of our model.
Determinants of total body oxygen consumption in adults undergoing cardiac catheterization

Oxygen consumption was measured in 500 patients (151 F, 349 M, ages 12-84 yr.) undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. Sex, age, and heart rate were found to be the strongest predictors of oxygen consumption index (OCI). Males had higher OCI values than females at any age. Older patients of both sexes had lower OCI values than younger patients. Heart rate correlated directly with OCI. Treatment with propranolol correlated inversely with OCI. However, after correction for heart rate, there were no significant differences in OCI values between propranolol treated and nontreated patients. A linear regression equation was developed using combinations of variables to predict OCI, and tables are presented for predicting OCI in those patients in whom this variable cannot be directly measured.
Working the Teacher: A case study in the politics of pedagogy

This case study focuses on a critical incident in a preservice teacher class in English education at a large North American university. Drawing on discourse analysis of electronic bulletin board postings, students' journals, audiovisual tapes of classroom interactions, and interviews with individuals and groups of students, this paper attempts to illustrate the particular way in which issues of power arose in this class. It traces how a particular metaphor, working the teacher, became a productive means for students to negotiate engagement in critical practice. The study argues that making the circulation of power in the classroom itself the center of inquiry is a helpful way of opening up to students the politics of pedagogy. It illustrates the ambiguous position of students within teacher education and argues that our teaching practices are always problematic. When we teach, we teach the habits of particular discourses-ways of thinking about and acting around gender, race, social class, truth, value, et...
A consideration of five traditional educational philosophies for speech communication

The authors present five traditional educational philosophies— Idealism, Realism, Neo‐Thomism, Experimentalism, Existentialism—which identify an instructor's educational approaches to speech communication.
Vancomycin-Induced Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction associated with 10% mortality rate with an incidence ranging from 1/1,000 to 1/10,000 drug exposures. Symptoms include fever, rash, eosinophilia and multi-organ failure. DRESS has been most commonly reported with anticonvulsants, allopurinol, sulfonamides and less commonly with vancomycin. This is a case of a 34-year-old female with history of osteomyelitis being treated with vancomycin in a rehabilitation facility. After 3 weeks on vancomycin, patient started to have fever and generalized rash and was still continued on vancomycin. One week thereafter, patient was noted to be hypoxic and tachycardic, and initially admitted and treated as severe sepsis. Initial laboratory studies were remarkable for WBC 21.6 × 10 3 /?L, eosinophils 2.2 × 10 3 /?L, creatinine 1.51 mg/dL, AST 710 unit/L, ALT 659 unit/L and lactic acid 2.8 mg/dL. CMV and HHV-6 were detected in serum. Chest CT showed ground glass opacities and lymphadenopathies. Liver ultrasound showed mild hepatosplenomegaly. Patient continued to be on broad spectrum antibiotics and showed no improvement. Due to worsening liver function tests and kidney injury, all antibiotics were withdrawn, after which she showed significant improvement of symptoms. During her 4 weeks of prolonged clinical course she had one relapse of symptoms with fever, rash and leukocytosis. Eventually, patient slowly recovered with supportive treatment. DRESS syndrome usually has a delayed onset with known relapse of symptoms throughout its clinical course. Addition of new drugs and herpesvirus reactivation have both been shown to cause relapse of symptoms. The mainstay of treatment remains to be withdrawal of drug and treatment with steroids. This case demonstrates DRESS syndrome secondary to vancomycin exposure with relapse of symptoms most likely associated with addition of new drugs, herpes viral reactivation and absence of steroid therapy. Vancomycin, as a commonly used drug especially with increasing MRSA, warrants increased awareness of its association with DRESS for prompt early recognition of symptoms and withdrawal of offending drug. J Med Cases. 2015;6(5):201-204 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2103w
Protothecal Olecranon Bursitis: Treatment with Intrabursal Amphotericin B

A patient is described from whom repeated olecranon bursa fluid cultures yielded Prototheca wickerhamii. Following intrabursal instillation of amphotericin B, the cultures became negative. There was no progression of infection or adverse consequences of this treatment. Review of the literature regarding this unusual infection reveals seven reported cases of protothecal olecranon bursitis. Five cases from which sufficient information was provided were diagnosed by histologic examination of excised bursa that showed the characteristic sporangia.
Observation of Poly{Vinyl Butyral}‐Dibutyl Phthalate Binder Capillary Migration

The movement of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) plastic solution under the influence of capillary forces was observed directly by hot-stage optical microscopy (T=160°C). Migration of a PVB-DBP droplet within a tapered capillary was examined, allowing the surface tension of the binder system at elevated temperatures to be measured, while maintaining constant composition. Calculated surface tension values for PVB-DBP plastic at T=160°C ranged from 8 × 10−3 to 20× 10−3 N/m (8 to 20 dyn/cm); the large error was attributable primarily to the difficulty in measuring the radii of curvature of the leading and trailing edges of the droplet.
Exogenous but not endogenous substance P releases histamine from isolated human skin fragments.

Abstract Neuropeptides such as substance P are released from nerve terminals following the stimulation of sensory fibers, and are thought to participate in neurogenic inflammation in the skin; it is often speculated that mast cell activation is an intermediate step in this process. In the present study we addressed this hypothesis using freshly obtained skin explants derived from human neonatal foreskins or adult skin resections. The results demonstrate that when substance P is released from human skin by incubation in the presence of capsaicin (10 −5 M), no histamine is released from human isolated skin fragments. In each experiment human recombinant stem cell factor and/or exogenously applied substance P effectively evoked histamine release from the explants, attesting to the viability of the mast cells in the preparation. The concentrations of exogenously applied substance P required to elicit histamine release, however, were large (> 10 μM). These results indicate that substance P released from cutaneous sensory nerve fibers does not reach sufficient concentrations in the skin to degranulate mast cells. These data support the hypothesis that the vascular effects of neurogenic inflammation occur independently of mast cell activation.
A determination of the mass of 15O

Abstract A study of the 14 N(p, γ) 15 O reaction shows that the 1.06 MeV resonance occurs at E p (lab) = 1058.0±0.5 keV and that the excitation energy of the corresponding 15 O state is 8284.1±0.8 keV. These results yield an 15 O mass excess of 2855.9±1.0 keV.
Automated quality control of high frequency radar data II

There are approximately 300 High Frequency (HF) radars deployed around the globe making real time measurements of the surface currents in the coastal ocean. In the United States, the HF radar network within the Mid Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS) became operational with the United States Coast Guard in May 2009. This model was expanded nationally and the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) National HF Radar Network became operational with the Coast Guard in March 2011. Much of the quality control that is done with the data requires a person in the loop to be inspecting the data. We present several metrics and techniques to automate the quality control process to ensure that the radial and total velocity measurements are accurate. We have used average radial bearing, spectra merged count, radial count and data latency as measurements that are useful in assessing the performance of the network. Some of those techniques include real time comparisons with ADCPs and comparison of the detided total vector fields with nearby wind measurements. We also present metrics to gauge the performance of the network over seasonal and yearly time scales. The goal of the network is to provide surface currents to the Coast Guard over 80% of the spatial region of the Mid Atlantic over 80% of the time. The spatial grid that the network could realistically cover contained all grid points within 150 km of the coast and out beyond the 15 m isobath. We have also developed a user interface for the operators to control what radial sites contribute to the total vector generation. As discussed at the Radiowave Oceanography Working Group (ROWG) meetings it is the responsibility of the region to provide quality-controlled data to the National Network. Currently the National Network has only two checks for the radial data 1) that the radial measurement is over water and 2) that the magnitude of the radial measurement is below a certain threshold based on the region of the measurement. This model where radial data is inspected at the regional level before being sent onto the National Network can be expanded to the other 10 regions of the country. This also keeps the decision of what data is correct where the local knowledge of the current structure is best understood. We saw that these techniques can eliminate errors in the data stream. This also acts as a feedback mechanism to the operators to evaluate their performance in operating and maintaining the radars. The techniques discussed here can serve as data quality checks for the vast number of systems operating today. They will ensure that the data being produced is of the highest quality, which will in turn ensure that the products being generated with this data are sound and reliable.
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Underwater Towed Body Cable Confuguration

response curve since with a nonlinear curve the value given will be neither an average nor the value at a particular yaw angle. It would therefore be advantageous to redefine the yaw meter sensitivity C^ which would be appropriate when the yaw meter is kept stationary and the flow angle is evaluated by using a calibration curve. In this case it would be useful to know the average sensitivity over the range of yaw angles being considered, viz.
A COMPLEMENTARITY BASED CONTACT MODEL FOR GEOMETRICALLY ACCURATE TREATMENT OF POLYTOPES IN SIMULATION

We present a contact model for rigid-body simulation that considers the local geometry at points of contact between convex polyhedra in order to improve physical fidelity and stability of simulation. This model formulates contact constraints as sets of complementarity problems in a novel way, avoiding or correcting the pitfalls of previous models. We begin by providing insight into the special considerations of collision detection needed to prevent interpenetration of bodies during time-stepping simulation. Then, three fundamental complementarity based contact constraints are presented which provide the foundation for our model. We then provide general formulations for 2D and 3D which accurately represent the complete set of physically feasible contact interactions in six unique configurations. Finally, experimental results are presented which demonstrate the improved accuracy of our model compared to four others.© 2014 ASME
Prolonged mivacurium infusion in young and elderly adults.

Purpose This study was designed to evaluate phanmacodynamically and phamnacokinetically if the cis-cis isomer of mivacurium contributed to neuromuscular block during prolonged infusions lasting more than four hours in young adult and elderly (> 60 yr) patients.
Cytotoxic effector T cells elicited by the killed tumor vaccine differ significantly from the effectors generated during active growth of a murine B-cell lymphoma.

Active specific immunotherapy of neoplastic diseases is an elusive goal. Using a murine B lymphoma 2C3, we showed that vaccination with the killed tumor cells effectively induces protective immunity and a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response. Similar protection, however, is rarely observed in mice bearing live tumor cells. These animals usually succumb to the progressively growing tumor. In this study, we inquired whether the splenic CTL induced during tumor progression in mice differ from those evoked by the killed tumor cells. Here we demonstrate that the CTL generated following vaccination are significantly different from those induced in the tumor-bearing hosts. Adding to the complexity, the CTL from the early tumor bearers also differ significantly from those induced at the late stages. These differences are based on their cytotoxic activity, MHC allele specificity, mitogen responsiveness, cytokine secretion profile and T cell receptor Vβ gene expression. The results clearly indicate that passive immunization with killed tumor is most effective, possibly because the CTL induced are not subject to the same regulatory pressure as those induced during active tumor growth. This decreasing effectiveness of CTL could be due to greater variability in antigenic stimulus, less involvement of innate immunity, changes in cytokine milieu and/or costimulatory factors.
Survivorship: A Concept Analysis

TOPIC. Survivorship is a relevant concept to evaluate as technology is allowing people to survive previously terminal conditions. The act of surviving a life-altering event can result in survivorship by altering continuity of identity. PURPOSE. This paper analyzes the concept of survivorship through the use of Walker and Avant's model of concept analysis. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. A comprehensive literature review and bibliographic search resulted in numerous sources available for analysis. CONCLUSIONS. The recognition of commonalities among all types of survivors could have important implications for support groups and rehabilitation therapies.
Rate sensitivity of plastic flow and implications for yield-surface vertices

Abstract When crystalline slip is considered as the micromechanism of plastic deformation in polycrystals, and the slip process is assumed to be rate-independent, the formation of a vertex is predicted on the current yield surface in stress-space. Experiments which were conducted to confirm the existence of such a vertex are known to have produced ambiguous results; e.g. a superimposed shear during compressive loading was found to produce an initially elastic response. If we consider that the crystalline slip process is slightly rate-dependent, however, then we can furnish a reasonable explanation for this elastic behavior in shear. We illustrate the point by considering first a single crystal model undergoing double slip, and then a polycrystal model based on the slip concepts of Batdorf and Budiansky. The results presented, based on the assumption that the slip process is not rate-independent, but rather at least slightly rate-dependent, give qualitative agreement, and reasonable quantitative agreement, to experimental results for superposed shear during compressive loading. They also suggest that the actual rate sensitivity of plastic flow may be central to understanding the ambiguous conclusions from experimental attempts to find yield surface vertices.
INFLUENCE OF GLUCAGON AS A CONTRA INSULIN HORMONE IN NEONATAL HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA. † 506

INFLUENCE OF GLUCAGON AS A CONTRA INSULIN HORMONE IN NEONATAL HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA. † 506
Synthesis, structural characterization, electronic spectroscopy, and microfluidic detection of Cu+2 and UO2+2 [di-tert-butyl-salphenazine] complexes

Metal templation by condensation of 2,3-diaminophenazine with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde around the metal centers [M = Cu(II), and UO2(VI)] affords a new class of M[di-tert-butyl salphenazine] metal complexes. Reported here is the synthesis, single crystal X-ray structural characterization, electronic spectroscopy, and microfluidic detection of the formation of these M[di-tert-butyl sal-phenazine] complexes.
Deformation of a Solid Film with Surface Tension by a Liquid Drop

Abstract A drop placed under a solid thin film causes it to bulge due to the action of liquid surface tension, Laplace pressure, difference in surface tension on two sides of the film, and gravity. Deformation is resisted by solid surface tension, bending, and in-plane stretching. For sufficiently thin films and small drops, the film mainly carries tension and the deformed configuration can be obtained simply by force balance of tensions at the contact line. In this work, we examine more closely the conditions under which this simplified situation exists. We show that generally the effect of surface tension asymmetry on two sides of the film is negligible, as is the effect of gravity on the local deformed shape. Further, we show that for sufficiently thin films, bending affects the solution only in a boundary layer near the contact region and that tensions in the films can still be estimated from force balance.
Contribution to the marine algae from the coast of West Pakistan III. Marine Vaucheria from Karachi

The coast of West Pakistan is represented by three marine Vaucheria, i.e. V. piloboloides Thur., V. longicaulis Hopp., and V. marina Lyngbye. (?). The latter two species are new records from this area. The ecology and distribution of these species have been described.
Is provider continuity associated with chlamydia screening for adolescent and young adult women

Abstract Background Longitudinal patient–provider relationships are a cornerstone of primary care. For many prevention services, better continuity of provider has been associated with better adherence to recommended practice. Our objective was to examine the relationship between continuity of care and chlamydia screening in adolescent and young women, a preventive service where large performance gaps exist. Methods The study population included 4117 sexually active women aged 14–25 years continuously enrolled at a large U.S. HMO. Administrative data from 2000 to 2002 were used to document chlamydia testing, provider continuity, and selected covariates. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between provider continuity and chlamydia testing after controlling for potential confounders. Results 57.2% of eligible young women received a chlamydia test over the 2-year period. After controlling for utilization and other confounders, we found women in the lowest continuity of care quartile had 41% greater odds of being tested than those in the highest quartile (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.14–1.76). Conclusions For adolescents and young women, the likelihood of testing for chlamydia was reduced when care was concentrated with a usual provider. Potential implications for health service delivery are discussed.
Human DNA topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage and recombination of duck hepatitis B virus DNA in vitro

In this study, we report that eukaryotic topoisomerase I (top1) can linearize the open circular DNA of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Using synthetic oligonucleotides mimicking the three-strand flap DR1 region of the DHBV genome, we found that top1 cleaves the DNA plus strand in a suicidal manner, which mimics the linearization of the virion DNA. We also report that top1 can cleave the DNA minus strand at specific sites and can linearize the minus strand via a non-homologous recombination reaction. These results are consistent with the possibility that top1 can act as a DNA endo-nuclease and strand transferase and play a role in the circularization, linearization and possibly integration of viral replication intermediates.
The aggregate-mortar interface

Abstract The aggregate-mortar interface is studied by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. This study confirmed that calcium hydroxide and ettringite are formed by a “through-solution” mechanism in this zone. The thickness of the transition phase depends on the size and shape of the sand particles. These originate their own surface effects which interfere with those caused by the large aggregate.
Defining the socially responsible leader

Abstract In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received increased attention in both academic and practitioner realms. The authors agree that corporate leaders play a key role in formulating and implementing CSR initiatives, but debate the appropriate drivers of socially responsible decisions and actions undertaken by these leaders. They conclude that an approach which takes into account both instrumental behavior and leader motives or values holds promise in reconciling some of their differences.
Pulse-Chase Assay for Measuring Protein Stability in Yeast

INTRODUCTIONThis assay directly measures the stability of a specific protein in yeast. Following pulse-labeling of yeast cells, the target protein is recovered by denaturing immunoprecipitation.
The evolution of novel herbicide tolerance in a noxious weed: the geographic mosaic of selection

Understanding how genetic variation is organized over geography has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists given that traits can vary within and among populations, across regions, and at continental or global scales. The pattern of regional variation can have an important impact on trait evolution at the local or population level. Using a common garden, we asked whether a geographically variable mosaic of tolerance to the widely applied herbicide RoundUp® existed in two closely related co-occurring species of morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea and I. hederacea. We assayed RoundUp tolerance in over 1,700 plants representing 290 families from 29 populations in the southeastern United States. Our findings suggest that the two species of morning glory partition their respective levels of genetic variation for tolerance to glyphosate differently. Variation for tolerance in I. purpurea appears to exist among maternal lines and regions, whereas in I. hederacea, variation in tolerance existed only among populations. In addition, we find a significant hotspot of tolerance or positive spatial aggregation of this trait on a local scale in I. purpurea populations from the Coastal Plain. This suggests that either similar regimes of selection or gene flow between populations can produce a geographic mosaic of tolerance. These results highlight the fact that the genetic variation underlying an adaptive trait can exist at many different scales, whether it be within- or among-populations, among geographical ‘hotspots,’ or among distinct ecological regions. Given these results, the partitioning of genetic variation should be considered before making predictions about an adaptive trait’s evolutionary trajectory.
Small membrane-associated gtp-binding proteins of catecholamine-secreting cells

Abstract 1. 1. Four GTP-binding proteins (23–27 kDa) were identified in membranes from PC12 cells by [α 32 P]GTP binding to nitrocellulose blots of SDS-polyacrylamide gels. 2. 2. The GTP-binding proteins remained associated with membranes during stimulation of intact cells by K + -depolarization or even after addition of C 2+ to digitonin-permeabilized cells. 3. 3. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, six GTP-binding proteins were resolved and based on their mobility, their phosphorylation state appeared independent of Ca 2+ . 4. 4. Fractionation of PC12 membranes showed that these GTP-binding proteins were broadly distributed in post-nuclear membranes with the plasma membranes containing the highest specific GTP-binding activity. 5. 5. Membrane fractions from bovine adrenal medulla contain similar GTP-binding proteins with GTP-binding intensity also being highest in the plasma membrane. 6. 6. The GTP-binding proteins could be concentrated in the detergent-rich fraction upon Triton X-114 phase separation.
STEROIDS AS PHOTONIC WIRES. Z E OLEFIN PHOTOISOMERIZATION INVOLVING KETONE SINGLET TRIPLET SWITCHES BY THROUGH-BOND ENERGY TRANSFER

A series of steroids has been studied in which there is a dimethylphenylsiloxy (DPSO) group at the 3 position to serve as a light-absorbing antenna, a ketone group at C6 or C11 to serve as an energ...