cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
God, mother and me: An object relational perspective on religious material

This essay addresses the problem of finding a theologically and psychologically adequate “listening perspective” from which to interpret religious imagery in counseling contexts. The essay proposes that the revision of psychoanalytic theory broadly termed “object relations theory”, with its attention to the distinctive inner representational world of each individual, may provide just such a resource. This perspective adopts Freud's basic insights on the genetic origins of the individual's God representation in the family romance, but avoids the reductionism of the Freudian position by positing a different understanding of fundamental human motivation, namely that it involves the creation and maintenance of a sense of being a self-in-relationship. The essay considers how the psychic representation of God may therefore be understood to function in this life of the self and illustrates this by reference to a clinical case from the work of D.W. Winnicott and a case from pastoral work.
Teaching software engineering in the adult education environment

Teaching the evolving subject of software engineering has only recently been explored in the literature within the last five years. In a university-level, evening school environment, problems in the area of software engineering education arise due to 1) the quantity and approach of introducing software engineering concepts and 2) the background and motivation of the students. Working adults can be introduced to the components of the software life-cycle by a careful selection of reading assignments, lectures, discussion, and a team programming project. This paper addresses the problems associated with software engineering in adult education and presents a working solution.
CHAPTER 199 – cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was one of the first protein kinases to be discovered, the first to be sequenced, the first to be cloned, and the first protein kinase for which a crystal structure was solved. It thus serves in many ways as a prototype for the entire protein kinase superfamily, which represents approximately 2 percent of the human genome. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is one of the best characterized members of the large protein kinase superfamily. The catalytic subunit serves as a structural prototype for the entire family. The inactive holoenzyme comprises a regulatory (R) subunit dimer and two catalytic subunits. Binding of cAMP to the R subunits unleashes the active C subunits. The structure of the C subunit is described and correlated with its function. The structure of the dimerization/docking domain of RIIα and the cAMP binding domains of RIα and RIIβ are also described and correlated with the dynamic properties of the R subunits. This chapter illustrates the structures of the C subunit andits inhibitors, both the R subunits and protein kinase inhibitor (PKI).
On the existence of the trifluoroxenate (II) ION, XeF3-: Comments on “the ‘base catalyzed’ fluorination of SO2 by XeF2”☆

Abstract Conflicting data on the existence of the trifluoroxenate (II) ion, XeF 3 - , is analyzed. In particular, lack of isotope exchange and new spectroscopic lines in XeF 2 + F - reactions, negative ion mass spectra of xenon fluorides and the “‘Base Catalyzed’ Fluorination of SO 2 by XeF 2 ” are discussed.
Electrohydrostatic wetting of poorly-conducting liquids

The wetting behavior of poorly conducting fluids between two parallel conducting plates is studied, both, theoretically and experimentally. In the absence of an applied potential, the interface shape and height are determined by gravity and parameterized using the Bond number. In the presence of an electric field at sufficiently high values on the order of (1 kV/mm), there is modification of the interfacial stresses and liquid level. Here we measure the liquid level height as a function of the hydrostatic and electric Bond numbers.
The neurobiology of learning and memory

Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; essential memory trace circuits in the brain are being defined and localized in mammalian models; work on human memory and the brain is identifying neuronal systems involved in memory; the neuronal, neurochemical, molecular, and biophysical substrates of memory are beginning to be understood in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems; and theoretical and mathematical analysis of basic associative learning and of neuronal networks in proceeding apace. Likely applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.
The Analysis of Combinations of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Acetophenetidin, and Caffeine with Other Drugs

A rapid procedure is presented for the total analysis of mixtures of acetylsalicylic acid, acetophenetidin, and caffeine, with the following compounds: codeine salts, pyrilamine maleate, thonzylamine hydrochloride, chlorprophenpyridamine maleate, phenindamine tartrate, methapyrilene hydrochloride, doxylamine succinate, cyclopentenylallyl barbituric acid, and phenobarbital. Separation of the components is based on a modified partition chromatographic procedure in which sodium bicarbonate, as the immobile phase on Celite, traps acetylsalicylic acid; tripotassium phosphate traps the barbiturates; sulfuric acid traps caffeine; and tartaric acid traps the organic bases. Elution is accomplished subsequent to neutralization of the immobile phase in situ by chloroform solutions of acetic acid or triethylamine, respectively. The concentrations of the separated components are measured spectrophotometrically. An analysis can be completed in approximately one and one-half hours.
Impact of Congestion on Taxi Times, Fuel Burn, and Emissions at Major Airports:

Taxiing aircraft contribute significantly to fuel burn and emissions at airports. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of surface congestion on taxi times, fuel burn, and emissions through analysis of the departing traffic data from four major U.S. airports. Several metrics based on airport throughput and taxi-out times are introduced and studied, including one that considers the number of flights that encounter a congested airport, a second metric that compares the observed taxi-out times with the unimpeded ones, and a third that evaluates them in conjunction with the airport throughput.
Quantitative scalar dissipation rate measurements in vortex-perturbed counterflow diffusion flames

Even though the scalar dissipation rate at the stoichiometric surface, χ stoich , is recognized to be the most fundamental fluid time scale in laminar diffusion flames, their structure and extinction behavior are often characterized simply in terms of strain rate, a much more easily measurable observable. Yet, the two variables are different, especially in unsteady flamelets. An experimental technique based on line Raman imaging of major species is presented for the quantitative measurement of χ stoich in vortex-perturbed counterflow diffusion flames. Three formulations are evaluated, and it is shown that a formulation based on N 2 -mass fraction is the most appropriate, provided that N 2 is experimentally accessible and that there is no significant preferential diffusion. The technique is used to compare vortex-perturbed and quasi-steady extinction. The thesis that for a given composition of the counterflowing streams, extinction occurs at a given value of χ stoich , irrespective of the mode of perturbation, steady or unsteady, is verified experimentally and is contrasted with the observation that vortex-perturbed flames can sustain an almost double strain rate at extinction compared to steadily strained ones. The effect of two-dimensional phenomena on the results is discussed. Finally, a promising approximation of χ stoich using estimates of the thickness of mixing layer from temperature profiles, with significant simplifications in the required measurements, is investigated.
The importance of C7 sites and surface roughness in the ammonia synthesis reaction over iron

In this note the authors present data which further supports the contention that C/sub 7/ sites (Fe atoms with seven nearest neighbors) are those most active in iron ammonia synthesis catalysts. Previous work in their laboratory showed that the synthesis of ammonia from its elements is a very structure sensitive reaction. It was found that the relative order of activity for ammonia formation was Fe(111) > Fe(100) > Fe(110). High pressure kinetic results presented here of ammonia synthesis over Fe(210) and Fe(211) surfaces in addition to the Fe(111), Fe(100), and Fe(110) surfaces show that the presence of highly coordinated sites is more important than surface roughness for high catalytic activity. 11 references.
Purslane as a living mulch in broccoli production

Many of the characteristics of common purslane that describe this species as a “weed” are also desirable traits for a living mulch. Common purslane was investigated as a living mulch in spring broccoli production in Connecticut and was compared with mechanical and chemical weed control, as well as black plastic mulch. Common purslane seed was broadcast prior to transplanting broccoli in late May 1993 and in early June 1994. Broccoli yields with the purslane living mulch were comparable to yields with conventional methods of weed management and with no reduction in crop quality. Common purslane living mulch was able to effectively compete with weeds in broccoli when between-row areas were kept relatively weed-free by hoeing or hand pulling during the first 2 weeks after broccoli transplanting. High levels of weed control and ground cover occurred when purslane became established between crop rows. Broccoli plants were tolerant of purslane living mulch and weeds up to a critical threshold level without a significant reduction in yield. Purslane living mulch established through periodic mechanical weed management was determined to be the most economical treatment in the study. While including purslane living mulch in a spring broccoli crop production system may be a novel approach to controlling weeds, the strategies involved in this system still rely on basic weed management principles.
Heparin-Binding Property of Human Prolactin: A Novel Aspect of Prolactin Biology

Prolactin (PRL) shares several characteristics with growth factors and cytokines, many of which are known to bind to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In this study we examined the heparin-binding properties of selected members of the PRL/GH family, using heparin affinity columns followed by gel electrophoresis/Western blotting. Purified human PRL and its cleaved 16K fragment, but not human GH or placental lactogen, were retained on the heparin column and were displaced by 0.5 M NaCl. Native PRL in human pituitary extracts and amniotic fluid showed a similar binding affinity to heparin as the purified hormone. None of the other hormones tested, e.g., rat, ovine and bovine PRL, glycosylated ovine PRL or rat GH, bound to heparin. Two consensus heparin-binding sequences are present in human PRL but not in the other hormones included in this study. We postulate that the heparin-binding capability of PRL affects its biological activity as a growth factor and the angiostatic actions of its 16K fragment.
Static correlation visualization for large time-varying volume data

Finding correlations among data is one of the most essential tasks in many scientific investigations and discoveries. This paper addresses the issue of creating a static volume classification that summarizes the correlation connection in time-varying multivariate data sets. In practice, computing all temporal and spatial correlations for large 3D time-varying multivariate data sets is prohibitively expensive. We present a sampling-based approach to classifying correlation patterns. Our sampling scheme consists of three steps: selecting important samples from the volume, prioritizing distance computation for sample pairs, and approximating volume-based correlation with sample-based correlation. We classify sample voxels to produce static visualization that succinctly summarize the connection among all correlation volumes with respect to various reference locations. We also investigate the error introduced by each step of our sampling scheme in terms of classification accuracy. Domain scientists participated in this work and helped us select samples and evaluate results. Our approach is generally applicable to the analysis of other scientific data where correlation study is relevant.
Validation of a New Model-Based Tracking Technique for Measuring Three-Dimensional, In Vivo Glenohumeral Joint Kinematics

Shoulder motion is complex and significant research efforts have focused on measuring glenohumeral joint motion. Unfortunately, conventional motion measurement techniques are unable to measure glenohumeral joint kinematics during dynamic shoulder motion to clinically significant levels of accuracy. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a new model-based tracking technique for measuring three-dimensional, in vivo glenohumeral joint kinematics. We have developed a model-based tracking technique for accurately measuring in vivo joint motion from biplane radiographic images that tracks the position of bones based on their three-dimensional shape and texture. To validate this technique, we implanted tantalum beads into the humerus and scapula of both shoulders from three cadaver specimens and then recorded biplane radiographic images of the shoulder while manually moving each specimen's arm. The position of the humerus and scapula were measured using the model-based tracking system and with a previously validated dynamic radiostereometric analysis (RSA) technique. Accuracy was reported in terms of measurement bias, measurement precision, and overall dynamic accuracy by comparing the model-based tracking results to the dynamic RSA results. The model-based tracking technique produced results that were in excellent agreement with the RSA technique. Measurement bias ranged from -0.126 to 0.199 mm for the scapula and ranged from -0.022 to 0.079 mm for the humerus. Dynamic measurement precision was better than 0.130 mm for the scapula and 0.095 mm for the humerus. Overall dynamic accuracy indicated that rms errors in any one direction were less than 0.385 mm for the scapula and less than 0.374 mm for the humerus. These errors correspond to rotational inaccuracies of approximately 0.25 deg for the scapula and 0.47 deg for the humerus. This new model-based tracking approach represents a non-invasive technique for accurately measuring dynamic glenohumeral joint motion under in vivo conditions. The model-based technique achieves accuracy levels that far surpass all previously reported non-invasive techniques for measuring in vivo glenohumeral joint motion. This technique is supported by a rigorous validation study that provides a realistic simulation of in vivo conditions and we fully expect to achieve these levels of accuracy with in vivo human testing. Future research will use this technique to analyze shoulder motion under a variety of testing conditions and to investigate the effects of conservative and surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears on dynamic joint stability.
Subaqueous melting of Store Glacier, west Greenland from three‐dimensional, high‐resolution numerical modeling and ocean observations

We present three-dimensional, high-resolution simulations of ice melting at the calving face of Store Glacier, a tidewater glacier in West Greenland, using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. We compare the simulated ice melt with an estimate derived from oceanographic data. The simulations show turbulent upwelling and spreading of the freshwater-laden plume along the ice face and the vigorous melting of ice at rates of meters per day. The simulated August 2010 melt rate of 2.0±0.3 m/d is within uncertainties of the melt rate of 3.0±1.0 m/d calculated from oceanographic data. Melting is greatest at depth, above the subglacial channels, causing glacier undercutting. Melt rates increase proportionally to thermal forcing raised to the power of 1.2-1.6 and to subglacial water flux raised to the power of 0.5-0.9. Therefore, in a warmer climate, Store Glacier melting by ocean may increase from both increased ocean temperature and subglacial discharge. Key Points Simulated melt agrees with estimates from a hydrographic survey of the glacier. With more runoff, glaciers will melt faster at constant ocean temperature. ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Quality Guidelines for Next-Generation Sequencing

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been embraced for its ability to revolutionize genetic testing, owing to its massively high–throughput nature. Sanger sequencing, the current gold standard for sequencing, is being replaced in many instances by NGS because of the latter's capacity to sequence large gene panels, including entire exomes and genomes, at a lower cost. Although both Sanger and NGS are methods for sequencing, the technologies are vastly different, and therefore the quality definitions and metrics for the Sanger method do not necessarily apply to those of NGS. Given that so many laboratories are offering or gearing up to offer NGS-based tests, it has become imperative to establish consistent quality guidelines to help ensure that NGS results can be used for clinical decision-making. In light of this consideration, the Next-Generation Sequencing: Standardization of Clinical Testing workgroup, consisting of 41 participants and convened by the CDC, recently published a 64-page supplementary document providing principles and guidelines for “assuring the quality of next-generation sequencing in clinical laboratory …
Leadership Education Through Humanistic Texts and Traditions: The Hartwick Classic Leadership CasesTM

Leadership is much more than the acquisition of certain skills to be applied in timely settings. The essential subject matter of leadership is human relationships, and it can best be studied in the...
Cyclosporin A differentially inhibits multiple steps in VEGF induced angiogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells through altered intracellular signaling

The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor which blocks T cell activation has provided the pharmacologic foundation for organ transplantation. CsA exerts additional effects on non-immune cell populations and may adversely effect microvascular endothelial cells, contributing to chronic rejection, a long-term clinical complication and significant cause of mortality in solid-organ transplants, including patients with small bowel allografts. Growth of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a critical homeostatic mechanism in organs and tissues, and regulates vascular populations in response to physiologic requirements. We hypothesized that CsA would inhibit the angiogenic capacity of human gut microvessels. Primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) were used to evaluate CsA's effect on four in vitro measures of angiogenesis, including endothelial stress fiber assembly, migration, proliferation and tube formation, in response to the endothelial growth factor VEGF. We characterized the effect of CsA on intracellular signaling mechanisms following VEGF stimulation. CsA affected all VEGF induced angiogenic events assessed in HIMEC. CsA differentially inhibited signaling pathways which mediated distinct steps of the angiogenic process. CsA blocked VEGF induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFAT, activation of p44/42 MAPK, and partially inhibited JNK and p38 MAPK. CsA differentially affected signaling cascades in a dose dependent fashion and completely blocked expression of COX-2, which was integrally linked to HIMEC angiogenesis. These data suggest that CsA inhibits the ability of microvascular endothelial cells to undergo angiogenesis, impairing vascular homeostatic mechanisms and contributing to the vasculopathy associated with chronic rejection.
Comparative analysis of degradomes in unicellular malaria parasite and free-living ciliates

Proteases play diverse and important roles in metabolic regulation, gene regulatory networks and protein-protein interactions. The complete sequencing of the genomes of three unicellular organisms: malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the two free-living ciliates Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetraurelia has opened a new window to study the proteolytic machinery in a large scale systems context. This paper reports a comprehensive survey and analysis of the degradomes (the complete repertoire of proteases) of these organisms. The catalog of proteases with specific enzymatic functions can serve as a starting point for a systems level understanding of the cellular networks involving proteolytic activities.
Reciprocity theorem for the calculation of average scattering properties of agglomerated particles

The reciprocity theorem in light scattering is a general theorem that is verified theoretically and experimentally. However, violation of the reciprocity theorem has been encountered in previous investigations for simulation of light scattering from agglomerates. We demonstrate that the violations of the reciprocity theorem are due to inappropriate orientation averaging or the incorrect formulation of light-scattering quantities. In situ optical diagnostics of aggregated aerosols requires the calculation of the orientation averages of scattering quantities. Thus it is imperative to establish a criterion that can be used to determine a sufficient number of orientations for the reliable calculation of averages for the scattering quantities. It is demonstrated that the reciprocity theorem may serve as such a criterion for typical sizes of agglomerates such as flame soot with fractal dimensions D(f) = 1.8, primary particle size parameter x </= 0.3, and number of primary particles less than 260. It is shown that the use of 21 x 21 x 21 orientations will satisfy the reciprocity theorem to within 0.5%.
Investigating time-temperature superpositioning in crosslinked polymers using the tube-junction model

This article examines the application of time-temperature superpositioning (TTS) in certain thermorheologically complex polymers using a recently developed phenomenological model that describes crosslinked polymer viscoelasticity based on fundamental physical considerations. The model's capability to calculate both isochronal temperature sweeps and isothermal frequency sweeps of storage and loss moduli allows us to simulate conditions typical of certain thermorheologically complex polymers. We use the model to generate modulus frequency sweeps over the limited range of frequencies that are typically accessible to experiments. We apply TTS to shift these sweeps along the frequency axis to construct master curves. The model master curves are then compared with the model's true moduli curves over the full frequency domain at the reference temperature. This comparison suggests that nonsuperposability may go unnoticed if we only rely on the smoothness of the storage modulus master curve. Superpositioning to achieve a smooth loss modulus master curve tends to be more reliable. This has serious implications for assessing the reliability of relaxation moduli and creep compliance master curves that have no associated loss component that can be used to assess the quality of superpositioning.
Incorporating discourse and syntactic dependencies into probabilistic models for summarization of multiparty speech

Automatic speech summarization can reduce the overhead of navigating through long streams of speech data by generating concise and readable textual summaries that capture the "aboutness" of speech recordings, such as meetings, talks, and lectures. In this thesis, we address the problem of summarizing meeting recordings, a task that faces many challenges not found with written texts and prepared speech. Informal style, speech errors, presence of many speakers, and apparent lack of coherent organization mean that the typical approaches used for text summarization are generally difficult to apply to speech. On the other hand, meetings provide a rich source of structural and pragmatic information that presents many research opportunities. In this work, we illustrate how techniques that exploit automatically derived pragmatic and syntactic structures can help create summaries that are more on-target and readable than those produced by current state-of-the-art approaches. We present a conditional Markov random field model for summary sentence selection that exploits long-distance dependencies between pragmatically related utterances, such as between a question and its answer, or an offer and its acceptance. These dependencies are automatically inferred by a probabilistic model of interpersonal interaction, and are instrumental in achieving accuracies superior to competitive approaches. We also investigate the problem of rendering errorful and disfluent meeting utterances into sentences that are readable, pertinent, and concise. We present a trainable syntax-directed sentence compression system that automatically removes information-poor phrases and clauses from the syntax tree of each input sentence. A novel aspect of this sentence compression approach lies in its use of Markov synchronous context-free grammars, which provide a probabilistic decomposition of deletion rules into lexico-syntactic sub-structures more amenable to robust estimation. This sentence compression technique was effectively applied to both speech and written texts, and produces sentences that were judged more grammatical than those generated by previous work.
Exchange Traded Funds, Liquidity, and Market Volatility

We propose a simple model of trading based on the Kyle (1985) framework for securities that are included in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). The model postulates that trading in ETFs will increase volatility in their component stocks, and that volatility spillovers will be increasing in liquidity and the relative proportion of each stock held by the fund. An empirical analysis of trading in the S&P 500 SPDR and three heavily traded industry ETFs confirms these hypotheses, using both Amihud’s (2002) measure of illiquidity as well as stock turnover as proxies for liquidity. The results are consistent with a positive volume-volatility relation as well as tradingbased explanations of volatility. The findings are relevant to market practitioners, regulators and investors in these increasingly popular products, since ETFs may in fact contribute to volatility in their underlying component stocks, and thus to the stock market in general.
Assembly and constraint technology for large arrays of capillaries

Abstract Discovering the genetic causes of common diseases may require pan-genomic mutation scanning of all genes in a million people. An increase in throughput of genetic analysis instrumentation by several orders of magnitude is essential to undertake such an ambitious task. To this end, we report on the design, manufacture, and testing of assembly and constraint technologies for arrays containing as many as 10,000 capillaries packed into 1-D rows or 2-D arrays with 1 mm spacing. Capillaries are sealed around their perimeters against pneumatic and hydrodynamic pressures useful for automated capillary array electrophoresis. We show that both ends of the arrayed capillaries are aligned axially to 11 ± 5 μm accuracy and repeatability. Radially, the capillary tips are aligned well enough for insertion into arrays of sample wells and subsequent end-of-capillary fluorescence detection. We have loaded, electrophoresed, and detected 10 8 to 10 10 fluorescently labeled DNA molecules in a 25 capillary sub-array to validate functionality. Using our semi-automated assembly machine, we demonstrate 100 capillary array assembly in 12 min. This array assembly and constraint technology could be incorporated into commercial capillary instruments, and may enable a new generation of ultrahigh throughput instruments with 2-D arrays of 10,000 or more capillaries.
English and Spanish ‘para un futuro’ – or just English? Immigrant family perspectives on two-way immersion

Abstract This article considers immigrants' perspectives on language immersion education. Data are drawn from a longitudinal research project that examined one suburban school district's construction of a two-way immersion (TWI), bilingual education policy. Analyses focus on 18 months of participant observation with six Mexican immigrant families who had at least one child in TWI. Framed by the language policy and planning literature as well as the study of childhoods, the findings foreground both parents' and children's understandings of their district's new policy. Parents' hopes for TWI to develop students' bilingualism matched the policy's stated intentions, but children also foregrounded the public debate's focus on developing students' English skills. The discussion considers what these contrasting perspectives mean for the political implementation of bilingual, TWI policies.
Back pain: lessons from patient education

Education for the patient with back pain is currently being discussed and reassessed. In the 1970s and 1980s, the clinical and scientific communities were convinced that patient education as a sole treatment for back pain was most beneficial. In the 1990s outcome studies, randomized controlled trials, meta analysis and best synthesis evidence have moderated this view. This brief overview summarizes important aspects put forward in recently published articles about the education of patients with non-specific, low back pain in industrialized societies.
ENDOTOXIN PRIMING AFFECTS THE LUNG RESPONSE TO ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AND OZONE IN YOUNG AND OLD RATS

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between low levels of ambient particles and morbidity, particularly in the elderly with existing cardiopulmonary disease. Such correlations have been challenged due to doubts as to whether particles act alone to cause these detrimental effects. We hypothesized that ambient carbonaceous ultrafine particles (part of the urban fine particle mode) and ozone (O3) together would induce greater oxidative stress in the lung than when administered alone and that their effects would be amplified in the compromised, aging lung. We therefore exposed male F344 rats (10 wk, 20 mo) to ultrafine carbon particles (count median diameter 25 nm, 100 mug/m3, equivalent to 50 mug/m3 inhaled by humans) and to O3 (1 ppm) alone and in combination for 6 h. Low-dose endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) priming by inhalation (70 endotoxin units estimated alveolar deposited dose) was used as a model of respiratory tract infection. Inflammatory parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage...
Spatio-temporal modeling of lung images for cancer detection

Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) is an important tool in assessing tumor angiogenesis for the early detection of lung cancer. This study presents a novel integrated framework for spatio-temporal modeling of pulmonary nodules in pMRI image sequences. After localizing a nodule region in each image, we perform segmentation in the region to extract the nodule boundary, then use thin-plate spline interpolation for nodule registration along the temporal dimension. The resulting spatio-temporal model can lead to many types of nodule characterization, e.g. a time-intensity profile of a nodule region, and be used to capture important angiogenic patterns in the lung that can distinguish between cancer and benign nodules and assist in early detection.
Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance.

With over 1.5 billion forest tree seedlings produced annually in the USA, seedling quality assessment is critical to ensure reforestation success. While height and root-collar diameter are the most common traits evaluated during seedling quality assessment, above-ground morphology is not always an accurate predictor of performance after outplanting. Root system morphology and physiological status may provide a more accurate indication of seedling potential. However, relatively few studies have attempted to quantitatively assess root system quality in relation to outplanting success. Large root volume, high root fibrosity, and an increased number of first-order lateral roots have shown some correlation to improved field performance. Physiological seedling quality assessment is commonly practiced through evaluation of root growth potential. Other tests, such as root electrolyte leakage, have also shown some potential as measures of seedling physio- logical quality. This review identifies current methods of assessing seedling root system quality and discusses potential shortcomings of these methods. An increased understanding of the suitability of current tests, coupled with the development of new tests and multiple parameter relationships, may foster the development of species and site-specific targets for seedling root system quality assess- ment. The production of seedlings with root systems that meet high morphological and physio- logical standards better enables seedlings to rapidly establish and thrive upon outplanting.
Gender and Agency in the History of a West African Sufi Community: The Followers of Yacouba Sylla

The author takes on issues of agency, human and spiritual, both as a set of claims about how humans acts in society and as a set of analytical problems created and best resolved by particular forms of historical writings. Recounting the growth of a West African Sufi order founded in 1920s by Yacouba Sylla, Hanretta produces four accounts that "explain" the agency of women, who became Yacoubists in large numbers even though the movement was, in many respects, patriarchal in its organization and teachings. Each account, including one that is "less humanist" and more laert to spiritual agents, has its strenghs and weakness, but all are removed from the experiences of agency at stake in these accounts, Hanretta argues, is better treated as a problem of writing and rhetoric than as a problem of social theory.
Inhibition of U-87 MG glioblastoma by AN-152 (AEZS-108), a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

// Miklos Jaszberenyi 1,2,3 , Andrew V. Schally 1,2,3,4,5 , Norman L. Block 1,2,3,4 , Mehrdad Nadji 3 , Irving Vidaurre 1,2 , Luca Szalontay 1,2 , Ferenc G. Rick 1,2 1 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 2 South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125 3 Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 4 Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 5 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL Correspondence: Andrew V. Schally, email: // Ferenc G. Rick, email: // Keywords : glioblastoma multiforme, U-87 MG, cytotoxic, LHRHor GnRH receptors, AN-152, AEZS-108, nude mice, targeted therapy Received : March 5, 2013 Accepted : March 6, 2013 Published : March 7, 2013 Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent tumor of the central nervous system in adults and has a dismal clinical outcome, which necessitates the development of new therapeutic approaches. We investigated in vivo the action of the targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, AN-152 (AEZS-108) in nude mice (Ncr nu/nu strain) bearing xenotransplanted U-87 MG glioblastoma tumors. We evaluated in vitro the expression of LHRH receptors, proliferation, apoptosis and the release of oncogenic and tumor suppressor cytokines. Clinical and U-87 MG samples of glioblastoma tumors expressed LHRH receptors. Treatment of nude mice with AN-152, once a week at an intravenous dose of 413 nmol/20g, for six weeks resulted in 76 % reduction in tumor growth. AN-152 nearly completely abolished tumor progression and elicited remarkable apoptosis in vitro. Genomic (RT-PCR) and proteomic (ELISA, Western blot) studies revealed that AN-152 activated apoptosis, as reflected by the changes in p53 and its regulators and substrates, inhibited cell growth, and elicited changes in intermediary filament pattern. AN-152 similarly reestablished contact regulation as demonstrated by expression of adhesion molecules and inhibited vascularization, as reflected by the transcription of angiogenic factors. Our findings suggest that targeted cytotoxic analog AN-152 (AEZS-108) should be considered for a treatment of glioblastomas.
8.25 Spectroscopic Analysis: Vibrational Circular Dichroism

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) is the extension of electronic CD into infrared and near-infrared regions where vibrational transitions occur. VCD is one of the two principal areas of vibrational optical activity, the other being vibrational Raman optical activity. Experimental and theoretical methodologies are presented as a basis for measuring and calculating VCD spectra. Instrumentation and computational advances are explained as a guide for carrying out applications of VCD, these being absolute configuration determination, enantiomeric excess determinations, reaction monitor of multiple chiral species, conformational analysis of biological molecules including amyloid fibrils and VCD of solids with extensions for raw-material identification, and formulated drug analysis in the pharmaceutical industry. With these current and projected applications, VCD is realizing its potential as a powerful new stereochemical tool for chiral structure elucidation.
Age-related changes in thermoregulatory capacity of tryptophan-deficient rats

From a larger study seeking to develop indexes of physiological aging, the present experiment was designed 1) to test thermoregulatory capacity in the aging and old rat subjected to 3 minutes of whole-body ice water immersion, and 2) using this index of physiological age, to determine whether tryptophan deficiency from time of weaning can retard the onset of senescence. Results indicate a progressive prolongation of temperature recovery time from young to middle age to old, and tryptophan-deficient animals restored to commercial diet at middle age show the thermoregulatory capacity of young adults. The implications of tryptophan deficiency with respect to brain development, serotonin metabolism, and temperature regulation are also discussed in terms of the possibility of intervening with the aging process.—Segall, P. E. and P. S. Tlmiras. Age-related changes in thermoregulatory capacity of tryptophan-deficient rats. Federation Proc. 34: 83–85, 1975.
Annotating dropped pronouns in Chinese newswire text

We propose an annotation framework to explicitly identify dropped subject pronouns in Chinese. We acknowledge and specify 10 concrete pronouns that exist as words in Chinese and 4 abstract pronouns that do not correspond to Chinese words, but that are recognized conceptually, to native Chinese speakers. These abstract pronouns are identified as """"unspecified"""", """"pleonastic"""", """"event"""", and """"existential"""" and are argued to exist cross-linguistically. We trained two annotators, fluent in Chinese, and adjudicated their annotations to form a gold standard. We achieved an inter-annotator agreement kappa of .6 and an observed agreement of .7. We found that annotators had the most difficulty with the abstract pronouns, such as """"unspecified"""" and """"event"""", but we posit that further specification and training has the potential to significantly improve these results. We believe that this annotated data will serve to help improve Machine Translation models that translate from Chinese to a non pro-drop language, like English, that requires all subject pronouns to be explicit.
Part 2.3 Self-Direction and Personal Integration

Because it is characteristic of competencies that they have overarching functions, Meyers considers what the overarching function of autonomy competency might be. She defends a view of personal integration that does not entail counterproductive consistency or unity. She rejects several other solutions to this problem, including compartmentalization, sanity, happiness, and eccentric nonconformity.
Owning up or opting out: The role of emotions and identities in issue ownership.

Building from an in-depth study of a library system's responses to two different issues, we propose a theoretical account of the conditions that are conducive to issue ownership. At center stage in this account are the roles of emotions and social identities in determining whether and how an issue is seem as "belonging to" organizational members. We suggest that by better understanding the social-psychological processes that explain patterns of issue ownership, we can better understand issue-related action and inaction in organizations.
Taxpayer Rights in the Lurch: A Response to Professor Johnson

This article responds to Professor Steve Johnson's reply (Tax Notes, July 17, 2000, p. 395) to Professor Lederman's article critiquing taxpayer bill of rights legislation and proposing a damages remedy as an alternative (Tax Notes, May 22, 2000, p. 1133). This response discusses the substance of the proposed remedy in more detail. It disputes Professor Johnson's contentions that the proposal would do more harm than good by promoting wasteful, frivolous litigation. It also refutes his contention that the passage of time will solve most of the problems with the IRS, detailing why the proposed remedy would be a better approach.
Uncertain Patency of Covered Stents Placed for Traumatic Axillosubclavian Artery Injury.

Background Traumatic axillosubclavian artery injuries (ASAIs) are uncommon but devastating. There is increasing acceptance of covered stent use for ASAIs. However, epidemiologic and long-term outcomes data are limited. We investigated national trends in ASAI management and our institutional outcomes after emergent covered stent placement and open surgical repairs for ASAIs. Study Design A review of the National Trauma Data Bank from 2010 to 2012 was performed for epidemiologic data. International Classification of Diseases and procedure codes were used to identify ASAIs and therapy type. A single-center, retrospective review of consecutive patients with ASAIs between January 2010 and August 2014 was also performed. Results National Trauma Data Bank review included 511,286 patients with 520 ASAIs, yielding an incidence of 0.1%. Endovascular therapy was used in 76 patients (14.7%) vs open repair in 280 patients (53.8%). Nonoperative or unknown treatment was used in 164 (31.5%). From 2010 to 2012, endovascular interventions increased from 11.3% to 17.2% (p Conclusions Covered stents are being used increasingly for ASAIs nationwide, despite variable reports of durability. Follow-up is poor in urban trauma centers and might be responsible for the variable patency. Population-based efforts to improve compliance among trauma patients can help improve covered stent patency in ASAI.
Fractal model of nonlinear hierarchical complexity: measuring transition dynamics as fractals of themselves

Fractal transition theory and measurement enable fine-grained analysis of the most seemingly-chaotic of the developmental transition phases. The explication of the fractal nature of those transition dynamics informs study of learning, decision making, and complex systems in general. A hallmark of the fractal measure is the use of thesis-organized transition measures that are orthogonal to time. Using this method, unpredictable behaviors become “rational” when understood in terms of attractors within developmental processes. An implication for nonlinear science is to transform data otherwise interpreted as incoherent “white noise” into the coherent fractals of the “pink noise” dimension. By integrating Commons et al’s Model of Hierarchical Complexity ( mhc) and this nonlinear model of the fractal transitional orders of hierarchical complexity, a unified mathematical theory of behavioral development will be possible. Such a new formal theory would account for the entire span of behavioral development’s equilibrium states and phase transitions, from lowest to highest orders of complexity. The mathematical expressions for the transitional orders of hierarchical complexity must be developed and integrated with the existing mhc.
Impact of Nonuniformities on Thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell Performance

Solar-cell performance degradation due to physical nonuniformities becomes more significant as the thickness of polycrystalline absorbers is reduced. “Voltage” nonuniformities such as those due to band-gap fluctuations, variations in the back-contact proximity, and areas where the absorber is completely depleted can have very significant impact on cell performance. Similarly local shunts can seriously degrade the efficiency. “Current” nonuniformities such as optical defects have generally much less impact. The analysis presented is based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 cells, but the qualitative results should be applicable to thin-absorber devices in general. For lateral nonuniformity studies, the solar cell is simulated by a two dimensional network of parallel diodes separated by resistors. The nonuniformities are approximated by small regions of reduced photovoltage, often referred to as “weak diodes”, and by isolated shunt resistors. The weak-diode approach allows investigation of device performance as a function of the weak-diode voltage deficit, the ratio of weak-to strong-diode area, and the weak diodes' spatial distribution. Increased TCO resistance can isolate weak diodes, thus limiting the voltage loss due to nonuniformities, but increasing fill-factor losses.
The effect of RES blockade on cellular antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes.

SummaryReticuloendothelial cell blockade has been used to study the possible role of phagocytic cells in the primary immune response of mice to S-RBC. Administration of colloidal carbon (10 mg per mouse) resulted in a marked suppression in appearance of normal numbers of antibody plaque forming cells to S-RBC in the spleens of treated mice. There was a suppression in both the total number of pfc in the spleen and the amount of pfc per million viable nucleated cells. However, the day of peak antibody response was the same for carbon treated mice as for controls. Administration of carbon 24-48 hours prior to injection of S-RBC resulted in the greatest suppression, as compared to treatment on the same day as immunization. Injection of carbon 1-2 days following immunization had little effect on subsequent appearance of plaque forming cells.
Gypsy Moth, Lymantria (=Ocneria) dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in the People's Republic of China

In a 2-month expedition to Beijing and northeast People's Republic of China (PRC) to investigate natural enemies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), much was learned about the pest itself. Its distribution is wide in the PRC but it is more abundant in the northeast where local outbreaks occurred in 1980 and/or 1981. Known outbreak history is tabulated. Gravid adult females are capable of sustained flight and often lay eggs on structures near outdoor lights, to which they are attracted. Larval behavior is similar to that of larvae in North America. At low population levels much feeding is done at night and large larvae rest under bark flaps, stones, or leaf litter during the day. Larval food plants are listed and are similar to that of New World larvae except that persimmon, Diospyros sp., in the Beijing area, and larch, Larix spp., in the northeast, are highly preferred. Larval developmental phenology based on our collected larvae is presented. Larval color variation is pronounced (greater quantities of yellow) but this varies within sites and geographically. About 0.3% of larvae collected were black-backed mutants, an example of which is illustrated.