cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Simulation of Perforation of Aluminum Plates

Perforation of aluminum plates by steel penetrators is the subject of discussion in the present investigation. Specifically, laboratory scale experiments were simulated using the transient dynamic finite element code PRONTO 2D. For the range of impact velocities considered in this study, the penetrator experiences little deformation while the target exhibits ductile hole-growth behavior. Thus, both the penetrator and the target are taken as elastic/plastic hardening materials in the finite element model. Detailed numerical treatment of the perforation process is discussed. Comparisons between calculated results and experimental data have been made, and good agreements are observed.
Heme-mediated apoptosis and fusion damage in BeWo trophoblast cells

Placental malaria (PM) is a complication associated with malaria infection during pregnancy that often leads to abortion, premature delivery, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Increased levels of circulating free heme, a by-product of Plasmodium-damaged erythrocytes, is a major contributor to inflammation, tissue damage and loss of blood brain barrier integrity associated with fatal experimental cerebral malaria. However, the role of heme in PM remains unknown. Proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblasts and fusion of the mononucleated state to the syncytial state are of major importance to a successful pregnancy. In the present study, we examined the effects of heme on the viability and fusion of a trophoblast-derived cell line (BeWo). Results indicate that heme induces apoptosis in BeWo cells by activation of the STAT3/caspase-3/PARP signaling pathway. In the presence of forskolin, which triggers trophoblast fusion, heme inhibits BeWo cell fusion through activation of STAT3. Understanding the effects of free plasma heme in pregnant women either due to malaria, sickle cell disease or other hemolytic diseases, will enable identification of high-risk women and may lead to discovery of new drug targets against associated adverse pregnancy outcome.
Initial designs for an automatic forced landing system for safer inclusion of small unmanned air vehicles into the national airspace

Small unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) have unique advantages and limitations which will affect their safe inclusion into the national airspace system. In particular, challenges associated with emergency handling in beyond line of sight operations will be especially critical to address. This paper proposes initial designs for an autonomous decision system for UAVs to select emergency landing sites in a vehicle fault scenario. The overall design consists of two main components: pre-planning and realtime optimization. In the pre-planning component, the system uses offline information such as geographical and population data to generate landing loss maps over the operating environment, which can be used to constrain planning of flight routes to satisfy a bound on the expected landing loss under worst-case fault. In the real-time component, onboard sensor data is used to update a probabilistic risk assessment for potential landing areas allowing for refinement of the expected loss calculation and landing site selection at the time of a fault. The mathematical models and computational algorithms constituting these system components are based upon methodologies in optimal control and statistical inference. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed algorithms in an example of quadrotor emergency landing over a section of UC Berkeley campus.
The Distribution of the Fade Lengths of a Randomly Fading Radio Signal

Abstract It is a common practice to use, as a measure of the rate of fading of a random signal, the “fade period“, defined as the time difference between two adjacent maxima of a fadmg record. All the fade periods are combined on a single histogram, which is then taken to represent the distribution of the rate of fading. The analysis of D. S. Palmer and of Briggs and Page is applied to show that this concept is of doubtful value. Normal statistical fluctuations in the record itself cause a spread in the distribution which effectively masks fluctuations of the “population” fading speed. This analysis is applied to a number of experimental records of low-frequency ionospherically reflected wave amplitudes.
Mechanisms of neptunium redox reactions in nitric acid solutions

The first transuranium element neptunium (Np) exhibits complicated behavior in acidic solutions as it adopts a wide range of oxidation states typically from +3 to +6 and coordinates with a large variety of ligands. In particular, the accurate determination of Np redox potentials in nitric acid solutions is challenging due to overlapping chemical and electrochemical reactions leading to significant experimental uncertainties. Over the past several decades, spectrophotometry has been extensively applied to identify and characterize Np solution species in different oxidation states. However, relevant spectral databases of Np in nitric acid solutions that can serve for reference purposes are yet to be established due to the experimental difficulty in isolating and stabilizing Np species in pure oxidation states without compromising their solution optical properties. This work demonstrates that a combination of voltammetry and controlled-potential in situ thin-layer spectropotentiometry overcomes these challenges, and vis–NIR spectra of electrochemically generated Np species in pure +3, +4, +5, or +6 oxidation states in the systematically varied 0.5–4 M nitric acid solutions were obtained. In situ optical monitoring of the interconversion between adjacent Np oxidation states resulted in elucidation of the mechanisms of the involved redox reactions and an in-depth understanding of the relative stability of the Np oxidation states, and allowed benchmarking of the redox potentials of the NpO22+/NpO2+, NpO2+/Np4+ and Np4+/Np3+ couples. Notably, the NpO2+/Np4+ couple was distinguished from the proximal Np4+/Np3+ process overcoming previous concerns and challenges encountered in the accurate determination of the respective potentials.
An Autopoietic Aesthetic in Interactive Art

While autopoiesis can refer to biological systems that self-reproduce, autopoiesis also applies to non-biological systems that possess the characteristics of self-sustaining processes, making it a useful lens for critiquing interactive art. According to biologist and philosopher Francisco Varela, credited with creating the term autopoiesis, these controls can be identified in both artificial living systems as well as self-generating mechanical forms. When autopoietic systems overlap or blend with each other, they create new typologies according to their behavioral characteristics. This blending also produces a larger complex second level union of interaction that involves how we relate to an artwork and how we can critique those aesthetic experiences. Through the installation artworks of Ken Rinaldo and the robotic sculptures of Simon Penny, this chapter explores how these works are viewed within the autopoietic model of interactivity and aesthetic generation.
Law Enforcement Using Imprisonment

This essay is a new chapter in An Introduction to Law and Economics (Third Edition, forthcoming 2003). It discusses how the state should determine the length of a jail term to impose on an individual if he has committed a crime and how much to spend on trying to catch criminals. The analysis focuses on the implications of the cost of detection and the cost of operating and maintaining jails. The optimal probability and magnitude of the sentence are shown to depend on how rapidly the disutility from time in jail rises with the length of the jail sentence.
Determining potential pregnancy status differences based on a new method of yearling heifer prebreeding examination.

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate the Ready-Intermediate-Problem (RIP) replacement heifer evaluation matrix's ability to classify heifers into groups with differing reproductive outcomes. Beef heifers (n = 341) from six Kansas herds were classified according to RIP matrix guidelines and then exposed to AI breeding, bull breeding, or a combination of both as per the management plans for each participating herd. Following the breeding season the heifers were evaluated to determine pregnancy status, AI pregnancy status, days bred, and the number of 21 day cycles needed during the breeding season to become pregnant. After the breeding season, 298 (87%) of the heifers were pregnant, 204 (68%) of which became pregnant in the first 21 days of the breeding season. There was a significant interaction ( P = 0.01) in RIP classification and pregnancy by 21 day cycle. Ready classified heifers had a significantly greater risk of becoming pregnant after a single AI exposure ( P = 0.03) and in the first 21-day cycle ( P = 0.02) compared to Problem classified heifers, and significantly less risk of being non-pregnant at the end of the breeding season (P
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans via Tandem and Organocatalytic Oxa-Conjugate Addition Reactions

Michael reactions have drawn a great amount of interest from the synthetic community due to their ability to form C–C sigma bonds through the conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles to many different types of Michael acceptors [1]. However, the analogous conjugate additions of other heteroatom nucleophiles such as amines, thiols, phosphines, and alcohols have not progressed at the same rate [2, 3, 4, 5]. This is especially true for the application of these conjugate addition methodologies in the context of alcohol nucleophiles and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (oxa-conjugate addition reaction) in order to stereoselectively form tetrahydropyrans. This comparative lack of interest can be mainly attributed to the major disadvantages of the oxa-conjugate addition reaction, including the poor nucleophilicity of oxygen atoms, reversibility of the addition process (retro-oxa-conjugate addition reaction), and the lack of stereoselectivity [1].
Performance drifts in two-finger cyclical force production tasks performed by one and two actors

We explored changes in the cyclical two-finger force performance task caused by turning visual feedback off performed either by the index and middle fingers of the dominant hand or by two index fingers of two persons. Based on an earlier study, we expected drifts in finger force amplitude and midpoint without a drift in relative phase. The subjects performed two rhythmical tasks at 1 Hz while paced by an auditory metronome. One of the tasks required cyclical changes in total force magnitude without changes in the sharing of the force between the two fingers. The other task required cyclical changes in the force sharing without changing total force magnitude. Subjects were provided with visual feedback, which showed total force magnitude and force sharing via cursor motion along the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. Further, visual feedback was turned off, first on the variable that was not required to change and then on both variables. Turning visual feedback off led to a mean force drift toward lower magnitudes while force amplitude increased. There was a consistent drift in the relative phase in the one-hand task with the index finger leading the middle finger. No consistent relative phase drift was seen in the two-person tasks. The shape of the force cycle changed without visual feedback reflected in the lower similarity to a perfect cosine shape and in the higher time spent at lower force magnitudes. The data confirm findings of earlier studies regarding force amplitude and midpoint changes, but falsify predictions of an earlier proposed model with respect to the relative phase changes. We discuss factors that could contribute to the observed relative phase drift in the one-hand tasks including the leader–follower pattern generalized for two-effector tasks performed by one person.
Hardware Design and Testing of ModRED: A Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot System

Unstructured environments are challenging for conventional robots, and modular self-reconfigurable robots (MSRs) can be deployed to overcome this challenge. The goal of the current work was to develop a flexible, cost effective multi-module robot system capable of self-reconfiguration and achieving various gaits in unstructured environments. This paper discusses the communication aspects of the Modular Robot for Exploration and Discovery (ModRED) robot system from a hardware perspective. To ensure enhanced flexibility and local autonomy as well as better reconfiguration, each robot module is built with four independent degrees of freedom, and a novel docking interface provides interconnection of modules. The prototyping effort is described with emphasis on the implementation of inter-module communication. The electronic hardware layout and control system are described, and the communication system is outlined. Finally, some preliminary testing of the developed prototype is presented.
The Impact of Infection and Elevated INR in LVAD-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Case-Crossover Study.

Despite the common occurrence left ventricular assist device (LVAD)–associated intracranial hemorrhage, the etiology of intracranial hemorrhage is uncertain. We aim to explore the impact of infection and international normalized ratio (INR) on intracranial hemorrhage in a case-crossover study. We re
Einstein metrics on 5-dimensional Seifert bundles

The aim of this paper is to study Seifert bundle structures on simply connected 5--manifolds. We classify all such 5--manifolds which admit a Seifert bundle structure, and in a few cases all Seifert bundle structures are also classified. These results are then used to construct positive Ricci curvature Einstein metrics on these manifolds. The proof has 4 main steps. First, the study of the Leray spectral sequence of the Seifert bundle, based on work of Orlik--Wagreich. Second, the study of log Del Pezzo surfaces. Third, the construction of K\"ahler--Einstein metrics on Del Pezzo orbifolds using the algebraic existence criterion of Demailly--Koll\'ar. Fourth, the lifting of the K\"ahler--Einstein metric on the base of a Seifert bundle to an Einstein metric on the total space using the Kobayashi--Boyer--Galicki method.
Exploring the Performance of Deep Residual Networks in Crazyhouse Chess.

Crazyhouse is a chess variant that incorporates all of the classical chess rules, but allows users to drop pieces captured from the opponent as a normal move. Until 2018, all competitive computer engines for this board game made use of an alpha-beta pruning algorithm with a hand-crafted evaluation function for each position. Previous machine learning-based algorithms for just regular chess, such as NeuroChess and Giraffe, took hand-crafted evaluation features as input rather than a raw board representation. More recent projects, such as AlphaZero, reached massive success but required massive computational resources in order to reach its final strength. This paper describes the development of SixtyFour, an engine designed to compete in the chess variant of Crazyhouse with limited hardware. This specific variant poses a multitude of significant challenges due to its large branching factor, state-space complexity, and the multiple move types a player can make. We propose the novel creation of a neural network-based evaluation function for Crazyhouse. More importantly, we evaluate the effectiveness of an ensemble model, which allows the training time and datasets to be easily distributed on regular CPU hardware commodity. Early versions of the network have attained a playing level comparable to a strong amateur on online servers.
The reliability and validity of a newly developed spina bifida-specific Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire: Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire-supplement (TRAQ-SB).

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to report preliminary evidence to support a new condition-specific measure of transition readiness that is theoretically grounded in the Stages of Changes framework. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire-Spina Bifida (TRAQ-SB) supplement is a newly developed tool used to measure independence and skill acquisition related to spina bifida. Similar to the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), the TRAQ-SB uses a 5-point Likert response set. METHODS Working with a multi-disciplinary team with expertise in the care of children with spina bifida, the authors developed twelve items pertaining to main aspects of SB self-management. The items were reviewed and revised through several iterations by the team and patients. The items were then fielded at a spina bifida Specialty Clinic, where 93 consecutive patients 12-25 years of age were approached to participate and 90 were administered the 20-item TRAQ and a 12-item TRAQ-SB questionnaire. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the twelve items with oblique rotation (promax). Criterion validity was also assessed by examining the correlation of the TRAQ-SB supplement with the TRAQ and with age. RESULTS Results of the factor analysis revealed that eleven of the twelve items loaded onto one factor with factor loadings ranging from 0.46 to 0.84. The scale yielded excellent internal reliability with a Cronbach alpha of 0.90. Correlations of the TRAQ-SB supplement scale score with the TRAQ overall scale score demonstrated good criterion validity (r= 0.74, p< 0.01). In addition, it was highly correlated with the TRAQ subscales, varying from 0.68 to 0.74 (all p< 0.01). Lastly, the TRAQ-SB was significantly correlated with age (r= 0.25, p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results of our analyses indicated that the TRAQ-SB demonstrated good internal reliability and criterion validity as evidenced by strong correlation with age and the validated TRAQ measure. The TRAQ-SB tool can be useful to incorporate transition readiness assessment and self-management training into routine care for adolescents with spina bifida.
Effects of valence and spin of Fe in MgSiO3 melts: Structural insights from first-principles molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract Iron (Fe) is present in terrestrial melts and at all depths inside the Earth. How Fe in its varying oxidation and spin states influences the properties of silicate melts is of critical importance to the understanding of the chemical evolution of our planet. Here, we report the results of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of molten Fe-bearing MgSiO3 over a wide pressure range covering the entire mantle. Our results suggest that the structural properties of the host melt, such as the average bond length and coordination in Mg–O and Si–O do not differ much when compared with the pure melt. More importantly, they show that the local Fe–O structure is more sensitive to the spin state (high-spin, HS and low-spin, LS) of iron than to its valence state (Fe2+ and Fe3+). For iso-valence configurations, the average Fe–O bond length and coordination number differ by more than 10% and ∼30%, respectively, between the HS and LS states. In comparison, the corresponding differences between Fe2+ and Fe3+ for iso-spin configurations are within 5 and 15%, respectively. Ferrous iron shows lower average oxygen coordination numbers of ∼3.8 for HS and ∼3.3 for LS compared to the corresponding numbers of ∼4.1 and ∼3.7 for ferric iron at 0 GPa and 3000 K. As pressure increases, the coordination gap between the ferrous and ferric iron closes for HS but persists for LS. Our analysis of the proportions of non-bridging and bridging oxygens and the rates of bond breaking/formation events suggests an equivalent role of the ferrous and ferric iron in terms of their network forming ability. The predicted structural behavior of iron in its different oxidation states is generally consistent with the experimental inferences for MgO–FeO–SiO2 melts. Unlike other ferrosilicate compositions for which the experimental data suggest that Fe3+ increases and Fe2+ decreases the viscosity of the melt, the ferrous and ferric iron, due to their structural equivalence, are likely to have a similar influence on the dynamical behavior of deep mantle iron-bearing MgSiO3 melts.
Hilbert integrals, singular integrals, and Radon transforms II

Etude des transformations de Radon singulieres et des integrales de Hilbert, appliquees aux problemes aux valeurs limites (probleme de Neumann)
The role of neutral donor ligands in the isoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone

Isoenriched poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) is a biodegradable material with properties similar to isotactic polypropylene, yet efficient routes to this material are lacking after 50+ years of extensive efforts in catalyst design. In this contribution, a novel lanthanum aminobisphenolate catalyst (1-La) can access isoenriched P3HB through the stereospecific ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-β-butyrolactone (rac-BBL). Replacing the tethered donor group of a privileged supporting ligand with a non-coordinating benzyl substituent generates a catalyst whose reactivity and selectivity can be tuned with inexpensive achiral neutral donor ligands (e.g. phosphine oxides, OPR3). The 1-La/OPR3 (R = n-octyl, Ph) systems display high activity and are the most isoselective homogeneous catalysts for the ROP of rac-BBL to date (0 °C: Pm = 0.8, TOF ∼190 h−1). Combined reactivity and spectroscopic studies provide insight into the active catalyst structure and ROP mechanism. Both 1-La(TPPO)2 and a structurally related catalyst with a tethered donor group (2-Y) operate under chain-end stereocontrol; however, 2-RE favors formation of P3HB with opposite tacticity (syndioenriched) and its ROP activity and selectivity are totally unaffected by added neutral donor ligands. Our studies uncover new roles for neutral donor ligands in stereospecific ROP, including suppression of chain-scission events, and point to new opportunities for catalyst design.
Unifying yet dividing: voices of pussyhat maker–wearers who participated in the 2017 Women’s Marches

On January 21, 2017, several million protesters took part in the “Women’s March on Washington” and its more than 400 sister Marches held in cities throughout the U.S. and across the globe. One enduring image of these Marches was the (often pink) pussyhat. In this qualitative study we examine broader issues of inclusion and exclusion within craftivism and take a closer look at the way craftivism supported, and potentially detracted from, its intended purpose as a unifying symbol of the Marches. From a dataset of 511 surveys distributed and collected online, 71 “maker–wearers” were identified and investigated for this study. While our overarching question focused on the role of craftivism related to the inaugural March and the pussyhat, we seek to understand not only the voices of craftivists, but also the voices of marchers who reported negative and/or controversial associations with the pussyhat. Building on previous findings that the majority of marchers we surveyed perceive the pussyhat as an anti-Trump symbol that represented women’s power, strength, and solidarity, a small number of our respondents and emergent voices in mainstream media have indicated concerns about potential racism and trans person exclusion represented by the pussyhat. We conclude that even as the pussyhat is recognized as a unifying symbol, it is simultaneously representative of exclusionary, potentially divisive practices within both craftivism and feminism. As awareness of the pussyhat’s problematic symbolism is spreading, new conversations have spawned about intersectionality and the implementation of more inclusive practices.
An Overabundance of Transient X-Ray Binaries within 1 Parsec of the Galactic Center

During 5 years of Chandra observations, we have identified seven X-ray transients located within 23 pc of Sgr A*. These sources each vary in luminosity by more than a factor of 10 and have peak X-ray luminosities greater than 5 × 1033 ergs s-1, which strongly suggests that they are accreting black holes or neutron stars. The peak luminosities of the transients are intermediate between those typically considered outburst and quiescence for X-ray binaries. Remarkably, four of these transients lie within only 1 pc of Sgr A*. This implies that, compared to the numbers of similar systems located between 1 and 23 pc, transients are overabundant by a factor of 20 per unit stellar mass within 1 pc of Sgr A*. It is likely that the excess transient X-ray sources are low-mass X-ray binaries that were produced, as in the cores of globular clusters, by three-body interactions between binary star systems and either black holes or neutron stars that have been concentrated in the central parsec through dynamical friction. Alternatively, they could be high-mass X-ray binaries that formed among the young stars that are present in the central parsec.
Mid-term outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer:

BackgroundReverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a common treatment for patients with rotator cuff arthropathy who have failed a prior rotator cuff repair. Latissimus dorsi transfer can be performe...
LncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 Differentiate Inflammation in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild COVID-19 syndrome. To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19 disease, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) dataset with a peripheral blood mononuclear cell dataset (PBMC) and analyzed the combined cell population, focusing on genes associated with disease severity. Distinct cell populations were detected in both BAL and PBMC where the immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients. The detection of other severity associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. The lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.
Improved thermal stability of phycocyanin under acidic conditions by forming soluble complexes with polysaccharides

Abstract Phycocyanin, a natural blue-colored protein–chromophore complex, forms insoluble aggregates under acidic conditions and loses blue hue during heating. Targeting these issues, phycocyanin was complexed with six polysaccharides (κ-/ι-/λ-carrageenans, xanthan gum, high-methoxyl pectin, and guar gum), respectively; the colloidal and color behaviors of the complexes were examined at pH 3.0 before and after heating (60 °C/80 °C, 30 min). A simple HCl titration strategy was developed to inhibit the associative phase separation commonly occurs at acidic conditions during complexation. Soluble complexes were achieved with ι-carrageenan, xanthan gum, and high-methoxyl pectin, demonstrating good colloidal stability without phase separation at pH 3.0 before and after heating. Fluorescence analyses suggest that the electrostatic complexation between phycocyanin and the mentioned three polysaccharides were reinforced by hydrophobic interactions. The ι-carrageenan–phycocyanin complex exhibits the best colloidal and color stabilities according to laser diffraction particle size analysis and colorimetry. Electrophoresis suggests that the highly negatively charged carrageenans, particularly ι-carrageenan, display high affinity and entrapment efficiency to phycocyanin. Circular dichroism further reveals the ability of carrageenans to stretch phycocyanin's tertiary structures while maintaining native-like secondary structures, which inhibits color changes in phycocyanin's blue hue resulted from the dense interchromophore couplings between the α-helical coiled-coils. Overall, this work dissects polysaccharide–phycocyanin complexation under common beverage processing conditions and provides fundamental insights into the conformational modifications on phycocyanin imparted by polysaccharide–phycocyanin interactions. The improved colloidal and color stabilities would facilitate future application of phycocyanin in foods/beverages as substitutes of artificial pigments.
History of adult cognitive aging research

Abstract This chapter provides a brief account of the development and history of cognitive aging research, including a description of the major theoretical and methodological issues of concern in this field, as well as identifying those systematic studies that have made major contributions to the development of this field.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis: A case report.

Abstract Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently defined clinical entity characterized by pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae with associated mucositis and frequent cutaneous lesions of a characteristic pattern. Although often similar in presentation, MIRM has distinct clinical and histologic features that are different from erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. We report a case of MIRM in a nine-year-old boy.
Management of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation population: A systematic review

Pulmonary complications post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) can occur in 2% to 14% of HSCT patients and have a mortality greater than 80%. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is considered to be an inflammatory response; therefore, HSCT patients are primarily treated with different types of systemic corticosteroids with varying dosages. Other treatments currently reported in the literature in conjunction with corticosteroids include aminocaproic acid, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and etanercept. This review highlights appropriate frontline and adjunctive treatment options for HSCT patients with DAH and outcomes for each intervention. To perform the review, the PubMed database was searched from inception through March 19, 2021, to identify potential studies using the search terms DAH and HSCT, DAH and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), DAH and stem cell, lung injury and HSCT, and lung injury and HCT. When applicable, references from articles identified in the search were also reviewed for inclusion. Much of the data identified were limited to retrospective cohort studies and case series. Based on the data available, the treatment approach should consist of corticosteroid therapy with a suggested methylprednisolone dose of 250 mg daily followed by a 50% taper every 3 days. Intrapulmonary administration of rFVIIa and intravenous administration of aminocaproic acid could be considered as adjunctive agents in those patients who do not promptly respond to corticosteroid therapy. Due to a lack of data specific to HSCT patients who develop DAH and the risk of infectious complications, etanercept should be avoided. Future studies should be designed as randomized controlled trials and examine the use of adjunctive therapies in the upfront setting for HSCT patients with DAH.
Incarcerated retroversion associated with pregnancy

Abstract The points of interest brought out in this case are the following: 1. 1. The importance and wisdom of preliminary catheterization before an initial pelvic examination. 2. 2. The recognition of distention of the bladder and its differentiation from uterine enlargement by the abrupt convexity of the abdominal wall above the symphysis. 3. 3. The reposition of the incarcerated pregnant uterus by operative procedure, without interference with the continuance of the pregnancy. 4. 4. The resumption of normal bladder function. 5. 5. The normal delivery of a healthy child at term. 6. 6. The resumption of the retroverted position of the uterus after the birth of the child.
SCP-containing R20 neurons modulate respiratory pumping in Aplysia

Respiratory pumping in Aplysia consists of transient, synchronous pumping actions of the gill, siphon, mantle shelf, and parapodia. This behavior has previously been shown to be driven by a network of coupled interneurons in the abdominal ganglion, the R25 and the L25 cells. We describe here a pair of electrically coupled cells, the R20 cells, which when active can initiate respiratory pumping or increase its spontaneous rate of occurrence. This action is mediated by a slow, long-lasting excitation of the endogenous burst mechanism of the cells in the R25/L25 network. The R20 cells, which are located in the abdominal ganglion, also make slow inhibitory connections to the RB cells and to the RG cells in that ganglion, and to the gill motoneurons in the branchial ganglion. The R20 cells are immunoreactive to SCPB, a molluscan neuropeptide. Biochemical purification studies demonstrate that each of the R20 cells synthesizes not only SCPB, but also SCPA, a closely related molecule known to be encoded by the same gene as SCPB. The R20 cells also synthesize in abundance several other low-molecular-weight, methionine-containing peptides. The excitatory actions of the R20 cells on the R25/L25 network are mimicked by SCPA and SCPB. However, the inhibitory actions of the R20 cells on the RB cells, the RG cells, and on the cells of the branchial ganglion are not mimicked by the SCPs. Thus, the data support the hypothesis that the R20 cells release SCPA and SCPB and at least one other unidentified transmitter.
Effective Cooperation-Facilitating Social Institutions Reduce Strategic Intergroup Biases

Shared group memberships enhance cooperation, which can provide a powerful instrumental incentive for individuals to preferentially affiliate and coordinate with ingroup over outgroup members. However, we posit that incentives to preferentially affiliate are likely to be contingent on the full set of cooperative affordances available in an environment. Four studies tested the hypothesis that one particular alternate cooperative affordance – effective social institutions (e.g., rule of law) – can attenuate strategic affiliative biases by enhancing inter-individual cooperation across group boundaries. Multi-national survey data revealed that trust in cooperation-facilitating social institutions negatively predicts indices of affiliative bias, independent of other drivers and forms of intergroup bias. In contrast, national levels of corruption (weak institutions) predict greater bias. Finally, an experiment that manipulated the presence vs. absence of third party punishers or rewarders in one-shot trust games provided causal evidence that cooperation-facilitating institutions can decrease strategic bias among individuals not biased for other reasons.
Recent Trigonometric Parallax Measurements of MK Late-Type Spectral Standard Giant Stars

Trigonometric parallaxes are reported for ten bright, southern late-type MK giant stars. The plate material was obtained with the 66 cm Yale-Columbia refractor at the Mt. Stromlo Observatory and measured with the PDS 1010A at Mt. Stromlo. The ten stars include HR 794 (KO III), HR 1247 (M2 IIIab), HR 2245 (M2.5 III), HR 2773 (K3 Ib), HR 3518 (K3 III), HR 3803 (K5 III), HR 5287 (K2 III-IIIb), HR 5603 (M3 IIIa), HR 6832 (M3.5 III), and HR 6913 (K1 IIIb). The modern parallaxes are compared with earlier results and the luminosity calibration for these stars is discussed.
‘ICH WILL LEBEN, AUCH WENN ICH TOT BIN’:VALESKA GERT'S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL LEGACY

The German-Jewish dancer, cabaret artist, and actor Valeska Gert wrote four autobiographical texts that span the time from the height of her fame in the Weimar Republic to her exile in New York and on to her post-war experiences in the Federal Republic of Germany. An examination of Mein Weg (1931), Die Bettlerbar von New York (1950), Ich bin eine Hexe (1968), and Katze von Kampen (1973) reveals the ways in which Gert revisits and revises her life story. While each text recycles material from the previous ones, Gert continually reframes her narrative according to the changing audiences and historical contexts. Ultimately, through her drive to tell her story repeatedly, Gert succeeded in writing herself back into the history of modern dance, cabaret, theatre, and film in Germany, thus enacting the ‘spiritual reparations’ she felt she had been denied. Die deutsch-judische Tanzerin, Kabarettistin und Schauspielerin Valeska Gert schrieb vier autobiographische Texte, die die Zeit vom Gipfel ihres Ruhmes in der Weimarer Republik bis hin zum Exil in New York und den anschliesenden Nachkriegserfahrungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland umfassen. Dieser Artikel betrachtet Mein Weg (1931), Die Bettlerbar von New York (1950), Ich bin eine Hexe (1968) und Katze von Kampen (1973) und untersucht die Art und Weise, in der Gert ihre Lebensgeschichte immer wieder aufgreift und neu bearbeitet. Wahrend jeder Text das Material der vorigen wiederverwendet, gestaltet Gert das Erzahlte jeweils neu und stellt sich entsprechend auf das jeweilige Publikum und den wechselnden historischen Kontext ein. Durch ihren regelrechten Drang, ihre Geschichte immer wieder zu erzahlen, gelingt es Gert letztendlich, sich in die Geschichte des modernen Tanzes, des Kabaretts, des Theaters und des Films in Deutschland einzuschreiben und die ‘geistige Wiedergutmachung’, die sie einst gefordert hatte, durch ihre eigenen Schriften zu verwirklichen.
Implementation and use of an image processing algebra for programming massively parallel machines

The implementation and use of a machine-independent image-processing language, the AFATL (Air Force armament laboratory) image algebra, on a massively parallel machine is presented. The authors introduce the problem of specifying image-processing algorithms in a machine-dependent way, introduce the image algebra, provide an overview of how image algebra constructs are implemented in Connection Machine *lisp and provide examples of the use of image algebra for a variety of image-processing operations. The generality, level of portability, and efficiency of the existing implementation are discussed. Results show that the interpreted execution speed of image algebra code compares favorably with hand-coded versions of similar algorithms and that the implementation can be easily modified to add further functionality. >
The haven ratio in fast ionic conductors

Abstract Measurements of the Haven Ratio are conventionally performed in order to extract unique information about the diffusion mechanism in ionic conductors. In this review article, the historical background for such measurements, their present status, results, and the current theories of interpretation are discussed in detail with emphasis on the special problems found in fast ionic conductors. Likely directions for future work are also pointed out.
A methodological study of a stochastic model of an aids epidemic

Abstract A model of an AIDS epidemic in a population of male homosexuals was formulated as a stochastic population process. The paper is a methodological study in the sense that computer-intensive methods were used to investigate some properties of the model statistically rather than relying solely on classical methods of deductive mathematics. Three factors of importance in the evolution of an AIDS epidemic were studied in a numerical factorial experiment. These factors were the distribution of the latent period of HIV, the probability of infection with HIV per sexual contact with an infected individual, and the distribution of the number of contacts per sexual partner per month. The numerical experiment suggested that the distribution of the latent period of HIV will have a decisive impact on the evolution of an AIDS epidemic but this impact will depend crucially on the levels of the other two factors. A Monte Carlo experiment suggested that if forecasts of an epidemic were made solely on the basis of deterministic nonlinear difference equations embedded in the stochastic population process, then predictions of the number of individuals infected with HIV and AIDS cases may be overly pessimistic.
Trajectories for Saharan Dust Transported to Barbados Using Stokes's Law to Describe Gravitational Settling

Abstract Atmospheric chemistry programs often make use of retrospective back trajectories to determine the source regions of substances sampled at a particular site. Isentropic trajectories, which depict motion on hypothetical surfaces of constant potential temperature, have been used as part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment to understand the sources of aerosols and gases sampled over the North Atlantic Ocean. However, isentropic trajectories typically do not adequately describe the transport of mineral aerosol, for example, from the Sahara Desert to Barbados. Boundary layer trajectories indicated that northern Africa was the source region for 12% of the samples with significant aluminum (Al) concentrations (> 1.0 µg m−3). Upper-level isentropic trajectories (310 and 315 K) indicated transport from northern Africa for approximately half of the samples with Al concentrations greater than 1.0 µg m−3. However, at the location of the sampling site, the upper-level trajectories were well above the ...
Resource potential for renewable energy generation from co-firing of woody biomass with coal in the Northern U.S.

Abstract Past studies have established measures of co-firing potential at varying spatial scales to assess opportunities for renewable energy generation from woody biomass. This study estimated physical availability, within ecological and public policy constraints, and associated harvesting and delivery costs of woody biomass for co-firing in selected power plants of the Northern U.S. Procurement regimes were assessed for direct sources of woody biomass from timberland including logging residues (slash, by-products), small-diameter trees, and integrated harvest (logging residues and small-diameter trees). Concentric woody biomass procurement areas were estimated for each power plant using county-level estimates and varying procurement radii. Delivered fuel cost estimates were calculated for each power plant and procurement regime based on incremental maximum transport distances. Procurement regimes focused on small-diameter trees can potentially produce the most electric power, but are constrained by lower economical transport distances than logging residues. These estimates enabled us to assess which power plants in the Northern U.S. had the highest electricity generation potential. For most procurement regimes, an average power plant co-firing had the potential to replace greater than 30% of coal electricity generation if there was no competition for the feedstock. However, woody biomass resource competition from adjacent co-firing plants could reduce this generation potential to less than 10%.
Chemical Dynamics of the Formation of the 1,3-Butadiynyl Radical (C4H(X2Σ+)) and Its Isotopomers

The reaction of dicarbon molecules in their electronic ground, C 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), and first excited state, C 2 (a 3 Π u ), with acetylene, C 2 H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), to synthesize the 1,3-butadiynyl radical, C 4 H(X 2 Σ + ), plus a hydrogen atom was investigated at six different collision energies between 10.6 and 47.5 kJ mol -1 under single collision conditions. These studies were contemplated by crossed molecular beam experiments of dicarbon with three acetylene isotopomers C 2 D 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), C 2 HD (X 1 Σ + ), and 13 C 2 H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) to elucidate the role of intersystem crossing (ISC) and of the symmetry of the reaction intermediate(s) on the center-of-mass functions. On the singlet surface, dicarbon was found to react with acetylene through an indirect reaction mechanism involving a diacetylene intermediate. The latter fragmented via a loose exit transition state via an emission of a hydrogen atom to form the 1,3-butadiynyl radical C 4 H(X 2 Σ + ). The D ∞h symmetry of the decomposing diacetylene intermediate results in collision-energy invariant, isotropic (flat) center-of-mass angular distributions of this microchannel. Isotopic substitution experiments suggested that at least at a collision energy of 29 kJ mol -1 , the diacetylene isotopomers are long-lived with respect to their rotational periods. On the triplet surface, the reaction involved three feasible addition complexes located in shallower potential energy wells as compared to singlet diacetylene. The involvement of the triplet surface accounted for the asymmetry of the center-of-mass angular distributions. The detection of the 1,3-butadiynyl radical, C 4 H(X 2 Σ + ), in the crossed beam reaction of dicarbon molecules with acetylene presents compelling evidence that the 1,3-butadiynyl radical can be formed via bimolecular reactions involving carbon clusters in extreme environments such as circumstellar envelopes of dying carbon stars and combustion flames.
Accumulation of aldrin and dieldrin by blue-green algae and related effects on photosynthetic pigments

The chlorinated insecticides aldrin and dieldrin were used extensively in midwestern agricultural practices, particularly for the soil control of corn pests, until recently. Resistant insect strains have reduced their effectiveness, and environmental persistence has further decreased their desirability. These pesticides have been found in most surface, subsurface, and finished water samples in Iowa (JOHNSON and MORRIS, 1971; RICHARD et al., 1975). June and July peaks of dieldrin in surface drainage followed environmental conversion of aldrin which had been applied in May (JOHNSON and MORRIS, 1971). Microorganisms, plants, and photooxidation in light and air convert aldrin to the epoxide, dieldrin, which is extremely inert to biological and chemical degradation. These insecticides are highly water-insoluble but adsorb strongly on soil particles in agricultural runoff. The amounts associated with physical and biological components of aquatic systems have been studied (MORRIS and JOHNSON, 1970; METCALF et al., 1973). During summer months in the Midwest, dense blooms of blue-green algae occur in waters enriched by nutrients from agricultural runoff. The object of our study was to clarify the potential that these algal populations have for bioconcentration and exchange of persistent pesticides in aquatic environments. Previous work indicated that blue-green algae concentrate chlorinated pesticides introduced at a level of 1 mg/l under laboratory conditions (VANCE and DRUMMOND, 1969). To approximate the much lower levels found in natural waters (JOHNSON and MORRIS, 1971; RICHARD et al., 1975), we introduced aldrin or dieldrin into cultures of Anabaena cylindrica, Anacystis nidulans, and Nostoc muscorum to give concentrations of 1 ~g/l and measured bioconcentration. Toxicity levels also were studied to better understand the impact of these persistent pesticides on populations of blue-green algae.
The tyranny of technology.

Society's fascination with medical advances, and particularly with the changing technology that highlights those advances, is readily apparent. A sense of drama and expectation seems to surround them and in turn draws the interest of the media. It is this proliferation of medical technology, emerging as it does as the most visible accomplishment of our current generation in medicine, that serves as the subject for my comments today. It is a phenomenon that has dramatically altered the practice of medicine within our specialty. I propose to consider the impact of this developing technology on our society, our educational mission, and finally on the individual practice within our specialty. I will likely reveal some personal prejudices because I must confess a pervasive sense of uneasiness that has come about with my consideration of these changes. Technology, of course, is merely the application of scientific discovery. It has been suggested that advances in medical technology over the past 20 years alone far exceed those of the previous 200 years. They differ greatly in terms of purpose. Many are diagnostic, such as multichannel chemistry panels, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, electronic fetal monitoring, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Others deal with survival-the evolution of intensive care units. Many, such as renal dialysis and cardiac pacemakers, serve to