cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inert gas analysis of ventilation-perfusion matching during hemodialysis.

Abstract The mechanism of hypoxemia during hemodialysis was investigated by the multiple inert gas elimination technique in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs. Profound leukopenia occurred in the first hour of a 2-h hemodialysis with a cuprophan membrane and dialysate that contained acetate. Arterial partial pressure of O2 and CO2 and oxygen consumption remained unchanged during dialysis. Pulmonary carbon dioxide elimination and lung respiratory exchange ratio decreased with the initiation of dialysis, remained depressed throughout the duration of dialysis, and returned to predialysis levels after the cessation of dialysis. Cardiac output diminished during dialysis but did not return to base-line levels after dialysis. Multiple indices calculated from inert gas analysis revealed no ventilation-perfusion mismatching during dialysis. The shunt and perfusion to regions of low alveolar ventilation-to-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) were unchanged during dialysis. There was no change in the mean or standard deviation of the profile of the percentage of total perfusion to regions of the lung that had VA/Q near 1.0; nor was there any increase in the directly calculated arterial-alveolar partial pressure differences for the inert gases during dialysis. Dead space became mildly elevated during dialysis. These results show that during dialysis with controlled ventilation there is no ventilation-perfusion mismatching that leads to hypoxemia. During spontaneous ventilation any hypoxemia must occur due to hypoventilation secondary to the CO2 exchange by the dialyzer and subsequent reduction in pulmonary CO2 exchange.
Correlation between swelling and annihilation lineshape parameter in neutron-irradiated molybdenum

Abstract A correlation between the swelling phenomenon and the change in the positron annihilation lineshape parameter in neutron-irradiated molybdenum has been observed.
Automated decomposition of build targets

A (build) target specifies the information that is needed to automatically build a software artifact. This paper focuses on underutilized targets -- an important dependency problem that we identified at Google. An underutilized target is one with files not needed by some of its dependents. Underutilized targets result in less modular code, overly large artifacts, slow builds, and unnecessary build and test triggers. To mitigate these problems, programmers decompose underutilized targets into smaller targets. However, manually decomposing a target is tedious and error-prone. Although we prove that finding the best target decomposition is NP-hard, we introduce a greedy algorithm that proposes a decomposition through iterative unification of the strongly connected components of the target. Our tool found that 19,994 of 40,000 Java library targets at Google can be decomposed to at least two targets. The results show that our tool is (1) efficient because it analyzes a target in two minutes on average and (2) effective because for each of 1,010 targets, it would save at least 50% of the total execution time of the tests triggered by the target.
A Novel Outbred Mouse Model of 2009 Pandemic Influenza and Bacterial Co-Infection Severity

Influenza viruses pose a significant health risk and annually impose a great cost to patients and the health care system. The molecular determinants of influenza severity, often exacerbated by secondary bacterial infection, are largely unclear. We generated a novel outbred mouse model of influenza virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and co-infection utilizing influenza A/CA/07/2009 virus and S. aureus (USA300). Outbred mice displayed a wide range of pathologic phenotypes following influenza virus or co-infection ranging broadly in severity. Influenza viral burden positively correlated with weight loss although lung histopathology did not. Inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, and CXCL10 positively correlated with both weight loss and viral burden. In S. aureus infection, IL-1β, G-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-6 positively correlated with weight loss and bacterial burden. In co-infection, IL-1β production correlated with decreased weight loss suggesting a protective role. The data demonstrate an approach to identify biomarkers of severe disease and to understand pathogenic mechanisms in pneumonia.
Retropharyngeal emphysema and acute upper respiratory distress: A complication of mediastinal emphysema

Acute upper respiratory distress is often treated in emergency departments. The recognized causes are infectious (e.g., acute epiglottitis, acute spasmodic croup, laryngeal diphtheria, tetanus, laryngeal tuberculosis, and nasopharyngeal mycoses), neurologic (e.g., tabes dorsalis, medullary infarct, Guillian-Barre syndrome), toxic (e.g., botulism, organophosphate poisoning), metabolic (e.g., hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia), neoplastic (e.g., laryngeal carcinoma), immunologic (e.g., hereditary angioedema, allergic angioedema), rheumatic (e.g., relapsing polychondritis with laryngeal cartilage collapse), congenital (e.g., laryngeal web), and traumatic (e.g., laryngeal fracture, foreign body aspiration, near drowning with laryngospasm, post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis). Mediastinal emphysema has frequently been associated with symptoms of upper respiratory distress including dysphagia, hoarse voice, dyspnea, sore throat, and neck pain. Subcutaneous emphysema due to dissection of mediastinal air along the tracheobronchial tree into the neck via the thoracic outlet is the presumed cause of these symptoms. In this report, two cases of mediastinal emphysema complicated by acute respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal emphysema are discussed. CASE REPORTS Patient 1. A 15year-old boy was brought to the emergency department with acute difficulty in breathing. He had been treated for the previous several days with erythromycin for a respiratory illness. The present episode was associated with difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness, and neck pain. Upon admission the patient appeared anxious. He was most comfortable breathing in the upright position. Chest pain with breathing was present. Initial vital signs were temper
Improving the quality of the assignment of students to first-year seminars

Many post-secondary academic institutions in the United States have a First-Year Seminar Program. These seminars are designed to support the success of new incoming first-year students by combining writing, research and active discussion among small groups of students. At Dickinson College, students are required to select six seminars they find interesting from a list of approximately 42 seminars. The college then attempts to assign each student to a seminar on their list, while maintaining course capacities. Using standard commercial optimization software, we develop an approach that not only solves this basic assignment problem, but also seeks to balance both the gender and number of international students in the seminars. In addition, we utilize Monte Carlo simulation to study how the number of seminars each student is required to select affects the likelihood that a feasible assignment exists.
Phospholipase D-mediated Activation of IQGAP1 through Rac1 Regulates Hyperoxia-induced p47phox Translocation and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Lung Endothelial Cells

Phosphatidic acid generated by the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) functions as a second messenger and plays a vital role in cell signaling. Here we demonstrate that PLD-dependent generation of phosphatidic acid is critical for Rac1/IQGAP1 signal transduction, translocation of p47(phox) to cell periphery, and ROS production. Exposure of [(32)P]orthophosphate-labeled human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to hyperoxia (95% O(2) and 5% CO(2)) in the presence of 0.05% 1-butanol, but not tertiary-butanol, stimulated PLD as evidenced by accumulation of [(32)P]phosphatidylbutanol. Infection of HPAECs with adenoviral constructs of PLD1 and PLD2 wild-type potentiated hyperoxia-induced PLD activation and accumulation of O(2)(.)/reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, overexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of PLD (hPLD1-K898R or mPLD2-K758R) or down-regulation of expression of PLD with PLD1 or PLD2 siRNA did not augment hyperoxia-induced [(32)P]phosphatidylbutanol accumulation and ROS generation. Hyperoxia caused rapid activation and redistribution of Rac1, and IQGAP1 to cell periphery, and down-regulation of Rac1, and IQGAP1 attenuated hyperoxia-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and cortactin and ROS generation. Further, hyperoxia-mediated redistribution of Rac1, and IQGAP1 to membrane ruffles, was attenuated by PLD1 or PLD2 small interference RNA, suggesting that PLD is upstream of the Rac1/IQGAP1 signaling cascade. Finally, small interference RNA for PLD1 or PLD2 attenuated hyperoxia-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation and abolished Src, cortactin, and p47(phox) redistribution to cell periphery. These results demonstrate a role of PLD in hyperoxia-mediated IQGAP1 activation through Rac1 in tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and cortactin, as well as in p47(phox) translocation and ROS formation in human lung endothelial cells.
Model-based clutter cancellation based on enhanced knowledge-aided parametric covariance estimation

Aerospace radar operation requires robust target detection in the presence of strong ground clutter returns. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a leading approach to cull weak target signals from a strong clutter background. A scene comprised of heterogeneous clutter degrades typical STAP implementation by corrupting training data, thereby leading to covariance estimation error, corresponding adaptive clutter filter mismatch, and loss of detection performance. In the knowledge-aided parametric covariance estimation (KAPE) method, the processor estimates the parameters of a validated clutter covariance model to tailor the clutter filter response to rapid changes in heterogeneous clutter environments. Computational burden and array manifold estimation, given antenna complex gain errors, are two primary concerns when implementing KAPE. This paper develops and characterizes an enhanced KAPE (E-KAPE) approach. Specifically, we develop a computationally efficient implementation via application of Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization to the modeled clutter manifold and discuss an iterative approach to estimate complex gain errors from channel-to-channel, leading to substantial improvement in model-based clutter cancellation potential. For the specific simulation results shown, we find a 9-dB improvement in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio loss for our proposed approach relative to the original KAPE method. Furthermore, for these cases, we show that our E-KAPE method outperforms conventional STAP algorithms in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous clutter.
The AMDP-system in chronic hospitalized schizophrenics.

Abstract The English edition of the Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of Psychopathology (AMDP)-System was published in 1982. 1 As part of our ongoing research, we have been employing one part of the system, i.e., the Psychopathological Symptoms (PS) form to assess the incidence of different psychopathological symptoms in chronic hospitalized schizophrenics. The data were collected by employing a specially devised 176 item instrument, the Psychopathological Symptom Profile (PSP), which includes the items of the PS of the AMDP. The importance of research on the chronic population is evidenced by reports indicating that there are approximately 200,000 hospitalized schizophrenic patients in the United States. 2 There is evidence to suggest that 15% of patients who are now diagnosed as schizophrenic become part of the “new long-term” hospitalized population. 3 Almost 50% of all schizophrenic patients may need long-term treatment 4 and it is anticipated that 30% to 60% of all new long-term patients will be diagnosed as schizophrenic. 4–6,11 In spite of these figures, to our knowledge, no adequate information on the PSP of chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients is available. Such information could bring to attention shortcomings of existing treatment modalities and focus efforts to more effective procedures. The data to be presented was collected as part of an ongoing multinational study; therefore, a comprehensive discussion of the transcultural aspects of this data will be presented in future papers.
Human serum α1-antitrypsin: Isolation and demonstration of electrophoretic and immunologic heterogeneity

Abstract Human serum α1-antitrypsin has been isolated, free of albumin and other serum proteins, by DEAE cellulose and affinity chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fractionation procedures employed did not alter the antitryptic activity of the isolated proteins. α1-Antitrypsin in native serum or as the isolated material was electrophoretically heterogeneous. Also, a second, immunologically distinct, α1-antitrypsin protein, similar to that seen in mouse serum, was demonstrated in normal human serum and in the serum of patients with homozygous deficiency of α1-antitrypsin.
AEGIS: A single-chip secure processor

This article presents the AEGIS secure processor architecture, which enables new applications by ensuring private and authentic program execution even in the face of physical attack. Our architecture uses two new primitives to achieve physical security. First, we describe Physical Random Functions which reliably protect and share secrets in a manner that is cheaper and more secure than existing solutions based on non-volatile memory. Second, off-chip memory protection mechanisms ensure the integrity and the privacy of off-chip memory. Our processor, with its new protection mechanisms, has been implemented on an FPGA, and is fully functional. We briefly assess the cost of the security mechanisms in our processor and show that it is reasonable.
Blob segmentation using joint space-intensity likelihood ratio test: application to 3D tumor segmentation

We propose a novel semi-automatic figure-ground segmentation solution for blob-like objects in multi-dimensional images. The blob-like structure constitutes various objects of interest that are hard to segment in many application domains, such as tumor lesions in 3D medical data. The proposed solution is motivated towards computer-aided diagnosis medical applications, justifying our semi-automatic and figure-ground approach. The efficient segmentation is realized by combining the robust anisotropic Gaussian model fitting and the likelihood ratio test (LRT)-based non-parametric segmentation in joint space-intensity domain. The robustly fitted Gaussian is exploited to estimate the foreground and background likelihoods for both spatial and intensity variables. We demonstrate that the LRT with the bootstrapped likelihoods is assured to be the optimal Bayesian classification while automatically determining the LRT threshold. A 3D implementation of the proposed algorithm is applied to the lung nodule segmentation in CT data and validated with 1310 cases. Our efficient solution segments a target nodule in less than 3 seconds in average.
Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs

Over the last decade, ∼20–30 nucleotide RNA molecules have emerged as critical regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Two primary categories of these small RNAs—short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—act in both somatic and germline lineages in a broad range of eukaryotic species to regulate endogenous genes and to defend the genome from invasive nucleic acids. Recent advances have revealed unexpected diversity in their biogenesis pathways and the regulatory mechanisms that they access. Our understanding of siRNA- and miRNA-based regulation has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease etiology and treatment.
Delamination analysis of electronic package assemblies with insulated metal substrate

Electronic packages are multi-layered structures with a large number of interfaces. Under certain conditions, some interfaces could delaminate, resulting in failures. Reliability tests on flip chip assemblies of L8AA daisy chain die on insulated metal substrate (IMS) have revealed that the lifetime is mainly determined by the material interfaces. The dominating end of life failure mechanism is interfacial fracture between underfill and passivation layers. A fundamental understanding of these failure mechanisms and the experimental characterization of associated material properties are a key requirement in order to develop an optimal package design with an extended life time of the interconnect system. For flip-chip assemblies, packages with LMS substrate are much more prone to interface delamination than packages with FR-4 substrate. Cracks in the packages with IMS substrate are not catastrophic. In this paper, finite element approach, incorporated with interface fracture mechanics method, has been used to investigate the interface failure phenomenon. Excellent agreements have been obtained between experimental data and the simulation results.
Absence of CD26 Expression Is a Useful Marker for Diagnosis of T-Cell Lymphoma in Peripheral Blood

We report flow cytometric characterization of surface CD26 expression in 271 peripheral blood samples from 154 patients evaluated for the presence of a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, primarily mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome (MF/SS). The presence of morphologically identifiable tumor cells on peripheral blood smears was the criterion for lymphomatous involvement. In 66 of 69 samples from 28 patients, we identified an abnormal CD26-/dim T-cell population that was distinct from the variable CD26 expression seen in normal peripheral blood T cells. This population was CD26- in 23 patients and weakly CD26+ in 5 patients. CD7 was more variably expressed in MF/SS tumor cells, allowing recognition of a distinct, quantifiable abnormal T-cell population in only 34 of 69 involved samples. An increased CD4/CD8 ratio and lower surface expression of CD4 in tumor cells also helped separate the CD26-/dim atypical population for quantification. In 35 blood samples from other types of T-cell tumors, tumor cells in 10 of 11 morphologically involved cases showed absent/dim CD26. Although capable of detecting abnormalities in most cases of MF/SS, CD7 expression does not provide as clear a separation of the neoplastic population and can be replaced by CD26 staining in routine peripheral blood flow cytometric screening of MF/SS patients.
The Molecular Cell Biology of Interferon-gamma and its Receptor

The last ten years have seen an explosive growth in our understanding of IFN gamma. The cloning of the cDNAs for IFN gamma and its receptor have made available large amounts of highly purified recombinant IFN gamma and soluble IFN gamma receptor. In addition, highly specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been generated to both of these proteins. Using these reagents, IFN gamma and the IFN gamma receptor have been characterized on a molecular basis. Structure-function studies carried out on these proteins have identified key molecular regions that are required for biologic activity. Moreover, a great deal is now known concerning the physiologic role that IFN gamma plays in vivo. In this review we focus on the new developments in the areas of IFN gamma biochemistry and biology and pay particular attention to the IFN gamma receptor and three aspects of IFN gamma biology that are of special interest to immunologists: host defense, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Turkish Traditional Art Today

Turkish Traditional Art Today, HENRY GLASSIE. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Indiana University Turkish Studies Series. 940 pp., 1,115 b/w illustrations,. color plates, maps, diagrams, glossary, bibliography and indexes. $65.00 (cloth).
Alembic: automatic locality extraction via migration

Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) environments simplify writing parallel code for clusters because they make data movement implicit - dereferencing global pointers automatically moves data around. However, it does not free the programmer from needing to reason about locality - poor placement of data can lead to excessive and even unnecessary communication. For this reason, modern PGAS languages such as X10, Chapel, and UPC allow programmers to express data-layout constraints and explicitly move computation. This places an extra burden on the programmer, and is less effective for applications with limited or data-dependent locality (e.g., graph analytics). This paper proposes Alembic, a new static analysis that frees programmers from having to manually move computation to exploit locality in PGAS programs. It works by determining regions of code that access the same cluster node, then transforming the code to migrate parts of the execution to increase the proportion of accesses to local data. We implement the analysis and transformation for C++ in LLVM and show that in irregular application kernels, Alembic can achieve 82% of the performance of hand-tuned communication (for comparison, naive compiler-generated communication achieves only 13%).
Music influences on mood and purchase intentions

Mood and emotional elements of advertising and consumer response have received increasing attention from practitioners and scholars in recent years. Among the various sources of mood induction is the frequently used practice of accompanying commercial messages with background music. This paper extends marketing's discussion of the role of music in influencing audiences, by using music theory to analyze and investigate the effects of music's structural profiles on consumers. The experiment's results indicate that music may have significant impact on audience moods and purchase intentions, without necessarily affecting intervening cognitions.
13C-labeled biochemical probes for the study of cancer metabolism with dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

In recent years, advances in metabolic imaging have become dependable tools for the diagnosis and treatment assessment in cancer. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has recently emerged as a promising technology in hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has reached clinical relevance with the successful visualization of [1-13C] pyruvate as a molecular imaging probe in human prostate cancer. This review focuses on introducing representative compounds relevant to metabolism that are characteristic of cancer tissue: aerobic glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism, glutamine addiction and glutamine/glutamate metabolism, and the redox state and ascorbate/dehydroascorbate metabolism. In addition, a brief introduction of probes that can be used to trace necrosis, pH changes, and other pathways relevant to cancer is presented to demonstrate the potential that HP MRI has to revolutionize the use of molecular imaging for diagnosis and assessment of treatments in cancer.
The resonance amplitude associated with the Gamow states

Abstract The Gamow states are the quasinormal modes of quantum systems. It is shown that the resonance amplitude associated with the Gamow states is given by the complex delta function. It is also shown that under the near-resonance approximation of neglecting the lower bound of the energy, such resonance amplitude becomes the Breit–Wigner amplitude. This result establishes the precise connection between the Gamow states, Nakanishi's complex delta function and the Breit–Wigner amplitude. In addition, this result provides another theoretical basis for the phenomenological fact that the almost-Lorentzian peaks in cross sections are produced by intermediate, unstable particles.
Post intrusion assessment detection

Many applications involve system that it must protect and shielded from intruders. This research studies how to recognize an attack early so we can respond quickly and prevent the similar future attacks. The systems in any network environment contain a variety of software and data files. Unexpected changes in directories and files, especially those to which access is normally restricted, may be an indication that an intrusion has occurred. Changes may include modifying, creating, or deleting directories and files. What makes such changes unexpected may depend on who changed them and where, when, and how the changes were made. Post Intrusion Detection Assessment used in this research is an application that monitors such system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to the system administrator for actions. The system we developed consists of four modules: scanning the system, scanning the current state of the system, analysis, and assessment report generation.
Investigating Cognitive Neuroplasticity in Single Cases: Lessons Learned from Applying Functional Neuroimaging Techniques to the Traditional Neuropsychological Case Study Framework

We summarize two case studies as a context for discussing the use of neuroimaging as a convergent methodology in the study of neuroplasticity in single subjects. Throughout this paper we argue for a different approach for including neuroimaging in these types of study. Previous case studies of neuroplasticity in patients (ours as well as others reported elsewhere) have added neuroimaging to the traditional neuropsychological framework of comparing patient results with matched control groups, and synthesized results through descriptions of anatomical and behavioral dissociations. This type of approach is referred to as the comparison approach. We advocate a different approach that builds on findings from previous behavioral skill learning research. Specifically, we propose adding neuroimaging throughout learning or recovery of the ability of interest and making inferences from systematic changes in activation topography and intensity that occur within the context of predicted behavioral changes. We dub this approach the online approach. This approach should allow future investigators to circumvent many of the interpretation pitfalls that are common in comparison studies.
Feasibility of large-scale power plants based on thermoelectric effects

Heat resources of small temperature difference are easily accessible, free and enormous on the Earth. Thermoelectric effects provide the technology for converting these heat resources directly into electricity. We present designs for electricity generators based on thermoelectric effects that utilize heat resources of small temperature difference, e.g., ocean water at different depths and geothermal resources, and conclude that large-scale power plants based on thermoelectric effects are feasible and economically competitive. The key observation is that the power factor of thermoelectric materials, unlike the figure of merit, can be improved by orders of magnitude upon laminating good conductors and good thermoelectric materials. The predicted large-scale power generators based on thermoelectric effects, if validated, will have the advantages of the scalability, renewability, and free supply of heat resources of small temperature difference on the Earth.
A Vibrational Spectroscopy Study of CH3COOH, CH3COOD and (13)CD3COOH(D) Adsorption on Pt(111). 1. Surface Dimer Formation and Hydrogen Bonding

Acetic acid (CH3COOH, CH3COOD and 13CD3COOH(D)) adsorption on Pt(111) at 168 K has been studied as a function of surface coverage with HREELS. At low acetic acid dosages (θ < 0.3), dissociative adsorption occurs forming a surface acetate species with an η2(O, O)-CH3COO configuration in a Cs symmetry. Further dissociative adsorption as CO(a), O(a) and CHx(a) wit is observed for very low acetic acid dosages (φ ~ 0.2 or less). The formation of HCOO(a) or CH3(a) from acetic acid adsorption is ruled out based on the absence of their characteristic vibrational modes. Molecular adsorption occurs at moderate acetic acid dosages (φ ~ 0.5 or above) with a finger print peak at ~932 cm−1 for CH3COOH and 13CD3COOH adsorbates. This mode corresponds to a well documented γOH mode of the acetic acid dimer. Hydrogen bonding between neighboring acetic acid molecules is responsible for the stabilization of the acetic acid hydroxyl group. The adsorbed acetic acid configuration is proposed to be a cyclic dimer with the dimer ring nearly parallel to the plane of metal surface. Quantitative correlations have been developed between the frequency of the γOH mode and the strength (ΔH) and bond length (Ro…o) of the hydrogen bond for a number of carboxylic acid dimers. Using these correlations from the literature our data can be used to estimate the hydrogen bond energy for acetic acid dimer on Pt(111) to be ~7.3 kcal/mol with a corresponding estimate of the Ro…o distance of ~2.68 A.
Randomized phase III study of 2 cisplatin-based chemoradiation regimens in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Impact of changing disease epidemiology on contemporary trial design

Background Chemoradiotherapy results in excellent outcomes in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This trial compared 2 chemoradiotherapy regimens. Methods Patients with locally advanced HNSCC were treated with radiation (70–74.4 Gy), and randomized to arm A: cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on radiotherapy (RT) days 1, 22, and 43, or arm B: cisplatin (20 mg/m2/day) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 1000 mg/m2/day) continuous 96-hour infusions on RT weeks 1 and 4. The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS). Results Between February 2008 and October 2011, 69 patients were enrolled in this study. The study prematurely closed when a scheduled interim analysis showed superior outcomes in both arms and futility of continuation. Eighty-three percent of patients had oropharyngeal cancer, of these, 86% were human papillomavirus (HPV)/p16+. The 3-year Kaplan–Meier outcome estimates (median follow-up, 41 months) for arms A and B were: RFS 87% versus 80% (p = .24), overall survival 97% versus 85% (p = .013), locoregional control 96% versus 94% (p = .52), and distant metastatic control 91% versus 87% (p = .9). Conclusion Multiagent was not superior to single-agent chemoradiotherapy. Overrepresentation of HPV/p16+ patients resulted in better than expected outcomes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1583–1589, 2015
Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is low in several lung diseases and it normalises with therapy. The current study examined factors relevant to EBC pH monitoring. Intraday and intraweek variability were studied in 76 subjects. The pH of EBC collected orally and from isolated lower airways was compared in an additional 32 subjects. Effects of ventilatory pattern (hyperventilation/hypoventilation), airway obstruction after methacholine, temperature (-44 to +13 degrees C) and duration of collection (2-7 min), and duration of sample storage (up to 2 yrs) were examined. All samples were collected with a disposable condensing device, and de-aerated with argon until pH measurement stabilised. Mean EBC pH (n=76 subjects, total samples=741) was 7.7+/-0.49 (mean+/-SD). Mean intraweek and intraday coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 3.5%. Control of EBC pH appears to be at the level of the lower airway. Temperature of collection, duration of collection and storage, acute airway obstruction, subject age, saliva pH, and profound hyperventilation and hypoventilation had no effect on EBC pH. The current authors conclude that in health, exhaled breath condensate pH is slightly alkaline, held in a narrow range, and is controlled by lower airway source fluid. Measurement of exhaled breath condensate pH is a simple, robust, reproducible and relevant marker of disease.
High performance low power array multiplier using temporal tiling

Digital multipliers are a major source power dissipation in digital signal processors. Array architecture is a popular technique to implement these multipliers due to its regular compact structure. High power dissipation in these structures is mainly due to the switching of a large number of gates during multiplication. In addition, much power is also dissipated due to a large number of spurious transitions on internal nodes. Timing analysis of a full adder, which is a basic building block in array multipliers, has resulted in a different array connection pattern that reduces power dissipation due to the spurious transition activity. Furthermore, this connection pattern also improves the multiplier throughput. This array pattern is based on creating a compact tiled structure, wherein the shape of a tile represents the delay through that tile. That is, a compact structure created using these tiles is nothing but a structure with high throughput. Such a temporal tiling technique can also be applied to other digital circuits. Based on our simulation studies, a temporally tiled array multiplier achieves 50% and 35% improvements in delay and power dissipation compared to a conventional array multiplier. Improvement in delay can be traded for power using voltage reduction techniques.
Amorphous silicon current steering digital to analog converter

A 6-bit current steering D/A converter (DAC) is built using only n-channel amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistors (TFT) and capacitors. The circuit is built on silicon using a low temperature process, compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The measurements show reasonably good characteristics, achieving a DNL of less than ±1.2 LSB and INL of less than ±1.8 LSB without calibration, at a conversion rate of 500 Hz.
Leaps and bounds: Impasse and intersubjectivity

Abstract This paper explores the effects of a two‐person, intersubjective psychology on how clinicians deal technically with treatment impasses. The therapist's stance towards neutrality in the treatment dyad is reviewed historically as are the solutions to impasse which follow from the stance. The intersubjective position appears to shift the responsibility for impasse from the patient to the therapist. The paper examines four clinical examples from the literature in which the clinician takes a “heroic leap” to resolve the impasse. These leaps are marked by deviation from the therapist's normal stance, by lack of certainty of outcome, and by risking disapproval of the therapist's peers. How the authenticity and mutuality of intersubjective theories serves to encourage these leaps is explored. The willingness of the therapist to share the responsibility and to demonstrate an authentic caring are seen as beneficial for resolving treatment impasses.
Strain Shift Coefficients for Phonons in Si-Ge Heterostructures

Strain shift coefficient measurements for longitudinal optical phonons in molecular beam epitaxy grown metastable pseudomorphic Si1-xGex layers on (100) Si (0 < x < 0.35) and Ge (0.80 < x < 1) are reported. Strain in partially relaxed annealed specimens was obtained by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry and the corresponding strain phonon shift was measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy. For epilayers grown on Si it was found that the epilayer Si-Si phonon frequency varies linearly with strain. The magnitude of the strain shift coefficient b however showed a small composition dependence varying from b ≈ -700 cm-1 at x = 0 to b ≈ -950 cm-1 at x = 0.35, corresponding to a stress factor τ ≈ 0.40 + 0.57x: + 0.13x2 cm-1/kbar. For the Ge-Ge vibration mode in epilayers grown on Ge, b decreased from ∼-425 cm-1 at x = 1 to ∼-500 cm-1 at x = 0.8, corresponding to a stress factor τ ≈ 0.52 - 0.14x - 0.08x2 cm-1/kbar.
Personalized gene therapy locks out HIV, paving the way to control virus without antiretroviral drugs.

Introduction: Advances in adoptive immunotherapy have enabled gene therapy approaches to be tested in clinical trials that involve the transfer of engineered immune cells to specifically target HIV-infected cells or block HIV infection or transmission. Genetic editing through engineered targeted nucleases provides a method for producing cells that are permanently resistant to HIV.Areas covered: Here, we discuss current and developing gene therapy approaches aimed to confer resistance to HIV infection at the cellular level by targeting viral or cellular elements, with a focus on gene editing strategies that target viral entry. Human gene therapy trials in HIV infection are reviewed.Expert opinion: In concept, a single infusion of genetically modified cells could potentially reduce the need for lifelong medication by providing long-term control over the virus (functional immunity). While the dream of completely eliminating viral reservoirs (sterilizing immunity) is appealing, this presents a significant add...
Metallicity of the massive protoplanets around HR 8799 If formed by gravitational instability

Abstract The final composition of giant planets formed as a result of gravitational instability in the disk gas depends on their ability to capture solid material (planetesimals) during their ‘pre-collapse’ stage, when they are extended and cold, and contracting quasi-statically. The duration of the pre-collapse stage is inversely proportional roughly to the square of the planetary mass, so massive protoplanets have shorter pre-collapse timescales and therefore limited opportunity for planetesimal capture. The available accretion time for protoplanets with masses of 3, 5, 7, and 10 Jupiter masses is found to be 7.82 × 10 4 , 2.62 × 10 4 , 1.17 × 10 4 and 5.67 × 10 3 years, respectively. The total mass that can be captured by the protoplanets depends on the planetary mass, planetesimal size, the radial distance of the protoplanet from the parent star, and the local solid surface density. We consider three radial distances, 24, 38, and 68 AU, similar to the radial distances of the planets in the system HR 8799, and estimate the mass of heavy elements that can be accreted. We find that for the planetary masses usually adopted for the HR 8799 system, the amount of heavy elements accreted by the planets is small, leaving them with nearly stellar compositions.
Patterns of access and use of online health information among Internet users : a case study.

Srinivas Melkote, Advisor Internet and Information Technology have contributed immensely to an ever-changing information structure, especially in healthcare. Medical practitioners, healthcare professionals and health communication researchers alike find themselves in an evolving discourse of aware and empowered health consumers instead of patients. Increasingly, health is being looked upon as an individual responsibility, and health information is playing an important role for responsible health seekers. The basic purpose of this study was to explore factors that are related to or predictive of patterns of access and use of online health information among Internet users in Northeast Ohio. In addition, the study examined the relationship between behavior modifications and access to online health information, as well as sources of online health information and credibility of sources. Of the 521 respondents of this study, 441 were health seekers. The results of the study showed that ease of information seeking, feeling empowered, self-health management and support from the online community were powerful motivators for health seekers. The study showed a positive relationship between health-related behavior modifications and access to online health information. Results also showed that health seekers are more likely to choose sources of online health information that can generally be considered reliable. Additionally, the study showed a positive relationship between access to online health information and Internet self-efficacy of health seekers. The study showed that people are more likely to access online health information if they suffer from chronic disease or disability, if their loved ones suffer from chronic disease or disability and if they suffer from nagging health
3DOC: 3D object CAPTCHA

Current 2D CAPTCHA mechanisms can be easily defeated by character recognition and segmentation attacks by automated machines. Recently, 3D CAPTCHA schemes have been proposed to overcome the weaknesses of 2D CAPTCHA for a few websites. However, researchers also demonstrate the offline pre-processing techniques to break 3D CAPTCHA. In this work, we propose a novel 3D object based CAPTCHA scheme that projects the CAPTCHA image over a 3D object. We develop the prototype and present the proof-of-concept of 3D object based CAPTCHA scheme to protect websites against automated attacks.
The Role of Stimulus Structure in Human Memory

Abstract Long-term memory retention has long been seen as primarily or exclusively being driven by the meaning of stimuli. Three memory paradigms are reviewed that demonstrate the importance of stimulus structure in memory. First, memory is influenced by orthographic distinctiveness. Stimuli that have unusual spelling patterns are more likely to be processed as individual stimuli than are items that are less distinct. This may either enhance or degrade memory performance, depending upon the nature of the test that is given. Second, the phenomenon of recognition without identification shows that orthographic features can be effectively used as retrieval cues even when the attempted retrieval of a stimulus' name and meaning ends in failure, preventing use of semantic cues. Third, the pseudoword effect, the higher rate of positive responses to pronounceable nonwords than to words, is a demonstration that adding meaning to orthographic features may lead to a reduction of familiarity. Structural features can play an important role in long-term retention.
Plants as Stimuli of Exploration and Exploitation

In tropical communities, the diet has always contained monotonous staples such as starchy grains or “roots.” Consequently, it is not surprising that in tropical countries the use of spices became very important at an early stage in history.
On the Importance of Being an Individual in Renaissance Italy. Men, Their Professions, and Their Beards

Douglas Biow’s book comes as the next natural step after his recently published studies Doctors, Ambassadors, Secretaries: Humanism and Professions in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 2002); The Culture...
Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole oral suspension in paediatric patients younger than 13 years of age: a retrospective analysis and literature review.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Posaconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal with activity against a variety of clinically significant yeasts and moulds. Posaconazole is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in children younger than 13 years of age. Our primary objective was to describe the dosing and observed trough concentrations with posaconazole oral suspension in paediatric patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD). METHODS This retrospective single-centre study reviewed paediatric patients younger than 13 years of age initiated on posaconazole oral suspension. Patients were included if they were initiated on posaconazole for prophylaxis or treatment for fungal infections from September 2006 through March 2013 with at least one trough concentration collected after at least 7 days of therapy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 20 male patients were included, of whom 15 (75%) had chronic granulomatous disease. The median age of patients was 6·5 years (range: 2·8-10·7). A total of 79 posaconazole trough concentrations were measured in patients receiving posaconazole as prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 12). Posaconazole dose referenced to total body weight ranged from 10·0 to 49·2 mg/kg/day. Posaconazole trough concentrations ranged from undetectable (<50 ng/mL) up to 3620 ng/mL and were ≥500, ≥700 and ≥1250 ng/mL in 95%, 60% and 25% of patients, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS Patients younger than 13 years of age had highly variable trough concentrations, and recommendations for the appropriate dosing of posaconazole oral suspension remain challenging. Until studies are conducted to determine the appropriate dosing of posaconazole in this patient population, therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered to ensure adequate posaconazole exposure.
Losartan reduces the immediate and sustained increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity after hyperacute intermittent hypoxia.

This study demonstrates for the first time in humans that losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), abrogates the acute and immediately persistent increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activ...
Book Review: Think like a Filmmaker: Sensory-Rich Worship Design for Unforgettable Messages:

Think Like a Filmmaker: Sensory-Rich Worship Design for Unforgettable Messages. By Marcia McFee. Truckee, Calif.: Trokay Press, 2016. xiv + 280 pp. $29.99 (paper)."Think like a filmmaker" is the organizing metaphor for this text; that is, the process of making a film in general is the template by which Marcia McFee encourages churches to imagine, plan, and execute their liturgies, often addressing multiple senses or intelligences simultaneously through the process of "layering." The assumption is that "sensory-rich worship" is desirable and that the intended outcome of such multisensory worship is the creation of "unforgettable messages." The sub-subtitle makes its method clear, to provide "Step-by-Step Help for Worship Planning."McFee has provided a resource for pastors, liturgy committees, and worship teams to help them rethink the quality of their church's liturgical life, its planning and execution, and the division of labor along the way. This work follows closely the concept of "worship curation" as promoted in Mark Piersons book The Art of Curating Worship. What makes McFee's work unique is her assumptions of a basic rhythm of the church year and a fourfold order for each service. However, here Table is only an optional response to the Word, as "Response" is the third category in her sequence. Regardless, her work has more resonance with the historic liturgy than many if not most in this genre of worship literature.Her proposal begins with the creation of a series of worship services (such as a season of the liturgical year) which affords a common spiritual journey for the community. Like chapters in a book, each individual worship service serves the larger goal of delving deeper into the theme of this series. Connective tissue created by the arts and scriptural texts establishes a sense of each service being part of a larger whole. Like a film, a "story board" of the series is created, as are basic outlines of each service.Once the basic skeleton of a series of worship has been created, a team of worship artists, leaders, and planners gather to consider how to put flesh on the skeleton of this season of worship. McFee explores the various arts resources available for the worship curator. Beginning with visual arts and moving through verbal, musical, (multi-)media, and dramatic arts, McFee identifies both the potential impact of using these artistic resources in concert with each other and the teamwork necessary to pull this off. …