cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personal Therapy and Self-Care in the Making of Psychologists

Psychologists are skilled in assessing, researching, and treating patients' distress, but frequently experience difficulty in applying these talents to themselves. The authors offer 13 research-supported and theoretically neutral self-care strategies catered to psychologists and those in training: valuing the person of the psychologist, refocusing on the rewards, recognizing the hazards, minding the body, nurturing relationships, setting boundaries, restructuring cognitions, sustaining healthy escapes, maintaining mindfulness, creating a flourishing environment, cultivating spirituality and mission, fostering creativity and growth, and profiting from personal therapy. The latter deserves special emphasis in the making of health care psychologists. These strategies are recommended both during training and throughout the career span. Recommendations are offered for enhancing and publicizing systems of self-care throughout the profession.
Changes in chronic medication adherence in older adults with cancer versus matched cancer-free cohorts

Abstract Objectives A cancer diagnosis can influence medication adherence for chronic conditions by shifting care priorities or reinforcing disease prevention. This study describes changes in adherence to medications for treating three common chronic conditions – diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension – among older adults newly diagnosed with non-metastatic breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer. Methods We identified Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years newly diagnosed with cancer and using medication for at least one chronic condition, and similar cohorts of matched individuals without cancer. To assess medication adherence, proportion of days covered (PDC) was measured in six-month windows starting six-months before through 24 months following cancer diagnosis or matched index date. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate difference-in-differences (DID) comparing changes in PDCs across cohorts using the pre-diagnosis window as the referent. Analyses were run separately for each cancer type-chronic condition combination. Results Across cancer types and non-cancer cohorts, adherence was highest for anti-hypertensives (90–92%) and lowest for statins (77–79%). In older adults with colorectal and lung cancer, adherence to anti-diabetics and statins declined post-diagnosis compared with the matched non-cancer cohorts, with estimates ranging from a DID of −2 to −4%. In older adults with breast and prostate cancer cohorts, changes in adherence for all medications were similar to non-cancer cohorts. Conclusion Our findings highlight variation in medication adherence by cancer type and chronic condition. As many older adults with early stage cancer eventually die from non-cancer causes, it is imperative that cancer survivorship interventions emphasize medication adherence for other chronic conditions.
Readmission for venous thromboembolism after emergency general surgery is underreported and influenced by insurance status.

Background Prior studies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after emergency general surgery (EGS) are not nationally representative nor do they fully capture readmissions to different hospitals. We hypothesized that different-hospital readmission accounted for a significant number of readmissions with VTE after EGS and that predictive factors would be different for same- and different-hospital readmissions. Methods The 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for nonelective EGS hospitalizations. The outcomes were readmission to the index or different hospitals within 180 days with VTE. Multivariate logistic regressions identified risk factors for readmission to index and different hospitals with VTE, reported as odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals. Patients were excluded if during the index admission they expired, developed a VTE, had a vena cava filter placed, or did not have at least 180 days of follow-up. Results Of 1,584,605 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 1.3% (n = 20,963) of patients were readmitted within 180 days with a VTE. Of these, 28% (n = 5,866) were readmitted to a different hospital. Predictors overall for readmission with VTE were malignancy, prolonged hospitalization, age, and being publicly insured. However, predictors for readmission to a different hospital are based on hospital characteristics, including for-profit status, or procedure type. Conclusions Nearly one in three readmissions with VTE after EGS occurs at a different hospital and may be missed by current quality metrics that only capture same-hospital readmission. Such metrics may underestimate for-profit hospital postoperative VTE rates relative to public and nonprofit hospitals, potentially affecting benchmarking and reimbursement. Postdischarge VTE rate is associated with insurance status. These findings have implications for policy and prevention programming design. Level of evidence Epidemiological study, level III.
The Impact of the Cox-Maze Technique on Freedom From Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia observed with concomitant cardiac surgery. Surgical options include a cut-and-sew technique Maze (CAS) and a cryoablation/bipolar technique Maze (CB). There are limited data comparing the long-term outcomes of these 2 techniques. Methods All patients who underwent either CAS or CB Maze between 2011 and 2018 were included in the study. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test or Student’s t test were used to compare differences between baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated for each group. Cumulative incidence functions were generated for AF recurrence and Fine-Gray competing-risk regression was used to determine predictors for AF recurrence. Results A total of 482 patients underwent open surgical ablation. Of those, 287 had CAS and 198 had CB. All procedures were concomitant with cardiac surgery. There was similar long-term mortality between the CAS and CB cohorts (22.3% vs 17.4%; log-rank P = .91). There was no difference in pacemaker implantation (11.1% vs 11.3%; P = .813) or long-term freedom from AF recurrence (73.3% vs 78.2%; P = .294). On Fine-Gray competing-risk regression, New York Heart Association functional class IV (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; P = .03), concomitant aortic valve replacement (HR, 3.02; P = .01), and concomitant CABG + valve (HR, 2.36; P = .02) were significant independent predictors for AF recurrence; Maze type was not a predictor. Conclusions These data indicate no difference between the CAS vs CB with respect to freedom from long-term AF. Both techniques may be appropriate based on surgeon experience and patient characteristics.
An Efficient Machine Learning Algorithm For Spatial Tracking Of Correlated Signals In Wireless Sensor Field

An efficient machine learning algorithm based on stochastic gradient is proposed and discussed for spatial tracking of correlated spatial signals from the sensor observations in wireless sensor field. The proposed algorithm can be used for environmental monitoring applications such as efficient temporal monitoring of temperature in hot island, or efficient monitoring of the distribution of pollutant gasses in wide areas for example terrain of large cities, etc. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and is low cost. In this paper the number of reporting sensors in tracking of signal is defined as cost. The spatial signal is compressed into a number of its isocontours at specific levels and the sensors whose sensor readings are in given margin of these contour levels, report their sensor readings to the fusion center (FC). The algorithm is done in two phases of spatial modeling and spatial tracking, where it uses the correlation between the spatial signal before and after variation of the spatial signal and updates the new set of contour levels for spatial tracking. The proposed machine learning algorithm finds the modeling parameters during the spatial modeling phase, and then updates them in spatial tracking phase. The performance analysis of the proposed algorithm shows that it successfully tracks the spatial variations of the signal at low cost with similar modeling performance to the spatial modeling.
Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Against Hepatitis A Virus on Blueberries, Blackberries, Raspberries, and Strawberries.

Seeking a means of sanitizing berries, the effectiveness of steady state levels of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against hepatitis A virus (HAV) on laboratory-contaminated berries was determined. The generated ClO2 was maintained with 1 or 2 mg/l air inside a 269-l glove box to treat 50 g batches of blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries, and 100 g batches of strawberries that were immersion coated with HAV. Normalized data for ClO2 (ppm-h/g product) is reported as a function of ClO2 concentration, treatment time, and weight of treated product. Treatments of ClO2 ranging from 1.00 to 6.27 ppm-h/g berry were evaluated. When compared to untreated HAV-contaminated berries, log reductions of HAV were > 2.1 for all berry types and conditions tested indicating the gaseous ClO2 was effective. The average log reduction with strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and blackberries treated with 1.00 ppm-h/g, the lowest ClO2 treatment tested, were 2.44, 2.49, 3.23, and 3.45, respectively. The highest treatment of 6.27 ppm-h/g was applied at two different gas concentrations of 1 mg/l and 2 mg/l. Average log reductions for blueberries and strawberries treated with 6.27 ppm-h/g were 4.34 and 4.42, and 4.03 and 3.51, applied at 1 mg/l and 2 mg/l, respectively. For blackberries and raspberries 3.20 and 3.24, and 3.23 and 3.97 log reductions were observed for 6.27 ppm-h/g treatments applied at 1 mg/l and 2 mg/l, respectively. Results indicate that HAV contamination of berries can be substantially reduced by gaseous ClO2 and offer industry a waterless means of sanitizing berries against HAV.
QUICR-learning for multi-agent coordination

Coordinating multiple agents that need to perform a sequence of actions to maximize a system level reward requires solving two distinct credit assignment problems. First, credit must be assigned for an action taken at time step t that results in a reward at time step t′ > t. Second, credit must be assigned for the contribution of agent i to the overall system performance. The first credit assignment problem is typically addressed with temporal difference methods such as Q-learning. The second credit assignment problem is typically addressed by creating custom reward functions. To address both credit assignment problems simultaneously, we propose the "Q Updates with Immediate Counterfactual Rewards-learning" (QUICR-learning) designed to improve both the convergence properties and performance of Q-learning in large multi-agent problems. QUICR-learning is based on previous work on single-time-step counterfactual rewards described by the collectives framework. Results on a traffic congestion problem shows that QUICR-learning is significantly better than a Q-learner using collectives-based (single-time-step counterfactual) rewards. In addition QUICR-learning provides significant gains over conventional and local Q-learning. Additional results on a multi-agent grid-world problem show that the improvements due to QUICR-learning are not domain specific and can provide up to a ten fold increase in performance over existing methods.
Total hysterectomy at cesarean section and in the immediate puerperal period.

Abstract 1. 1. Eighty-five total hysterectomies at cesarean section or post delivery are herewith presented. Ten are from private practice, and 75 are from the Tulane Obstetrical Services. 2. 2. Although the total number were collected within a three and one-half year period, they represent a small percentage of the total number of cesarean sections performed (150 per year). The present section rate is 3.72 per cent (Tulane). 3. 3. Approximately 44 per cent of the sections are repeat sections and 23 per cent are for disproportion. These added to the relative high incidence of toxemia, fibroids, and abruptio placentae in the Negroes (80 per cent of total deliveries) will eventually produce many women in whom hysterectomy is indicated. 4. 4. The indications for total hysterectomy at cesarean section or in the immediate puerperium are the same as for the subtotal or Porro section. 5. 5. The uterus is amputated above the cervix and the technique for removal of the cervix is described. 6. 6. There were no surgical complications in 73 patients. Seven exhibited shock, 2 hemorrhage, 2 afibrinogenemia, and 1 spinal shock. 7. 7. Postoperative complications were observed in 30 cases consisting of atelectasis (mild), mild ileus, urinary tract infection, and shock. There were two pelvic hematomas of minor degree, 1 cuff hemorrhage, 3 instances of anuria, and 1 of abdominal wound separation. 8. 8. Thirty patients were morbid for 1 or more days (35.3 per cent) and 7 for 3 or more days (8.2 per cent). 9. 9. There were 19 stillbirths, 7 of which occurred in ruptured uteri, 10 from abruptio, 1 from erythroblastosis, and 1 from neglected transverse lie, a rate of 22.3 per cent. 10. 10. Two maternal deaths (2.35 per cent) were incidental to the procedure. One of these mothers had long-standing pertionitis associated with uterine rupture, and the other, with eclampsia, abruptio, Couvelaire uterus, and lower nephron nephrosis, died on the twentieth postoperative day of a cerebral thrombosis. 11. 11. Operative experience has shown that there is no cause to leave the cervix in situ for fear of increased bleeding or operative time. Postpartum vaginal support has been universally sound.
Proline not the only culprit

A new study suggests that isomerization of nonprolyl peptide bonds may also contribute to slow kinetic phases observed in protein folding.
Fe:S cluster ligands are the only cysteines required for nitrogenase Fe-protein activities.

Abstract Serine substitutions for the five conserved cysteins (residues 38, 85, 97, 132, and 184) have been made in the Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase Fe-protein by site-specific mutagenesis. At least moderate levels of enzyme activity (greater than 10% of wild type enzyme) were found for enzymes with serine substitutions at residues 38, 85, and 184; whereas, no activity was detected for enzymes with serines at residues 97 and 132. This is consistent with cysteines 97 and 132 being the four ligands to the Fe:S cluster (two ligands from each of the two identical subunits). Although previous chemical modification studies had implicated these residues as ligands, the earlier results did not portend the new finding that of all the conserved cysteines only these 2 residues are required for a second function of the Fe-protein. Namely, if either cysteine 97 or 132 is replaced, it appears that a functional Fe:S cluster cannot be incorporated into the apo-Fe-protein. The consequence is that these altered Fe-proteins cannot participate either in substrate reduction or in the biosynthesis of FeMo-cofactor, a metallocofactor of the MoFe-protein. These results implicate the Fe:S center of Fe-protein in the biosynthesis mechanism as either a redox partner or Fe:S donor. Additional results suggest that the posttranslational modification of Fe-protein by nifM product is not the insertion of the Fe:S center.
The performance of a highly unstructured parallel algorithm on the KSR1

This paper examines the performance on the Kendall Square Research KSR1 multicomputer of a highly unstructured algorithm for natural language parsing. It describes a Tree Adjoining Grammar parsing algorithm that exhibits near linear speedup and very high efficiency for grammars of even moderate size. The work reported demonstrates the utility of shared-address-space parallel architectures for algorithms that require shared data structures. Finally, the paper presents practical guidelines for the efficient use of the KSR1. >
Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Activities Partially Account for Calvarial Bone Resorption Induced by Local Injection of Lipopolysaccharide

The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in vivo. To test this hypothesis, Escherichia coli LPS or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS was injected into the subcutaneous tissues overlying mouse calvariae. Histological sections, prepared from the center of the lesion, were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to quantify the osteoclast number and the area of bone resorption. In time course experiments using normal mice, a peak of bone resorption occurred 5 days after endotoxin stimulation. In dose-response experiments, IL-1 receptor type 1 deletion (IL-1R−/−), TNF double-receptor p55/p75 deletion (TNF p55−/−/p75−/−), combined TNF p55 and IL-1 receptor type 1 deletion (TNF p55−/−/IL-1R−/−), and IL-1β-converting enzyme-deficient (ICE−/−) mice and the respective wild-type mice were injected with 500, 100, or 20 μg of P. gingivalis LPS and sacrificed 5 days after LPS injection. At the highest dose (500 μg), significant decreases in osteoclast number occurred in mutant mice compared to wild-type mice: (i) a 64% reduction for the TNF p55−/−/IL-1R−/− mice, (ii) a 57% reduction for the IL-1R−/− mice, (iii) a 41% reduction for the TNF p55−/−/p75−/− mice, and (iv) a 38% reduction for the ICE−/− mice. At the two lower doses, bone resorption was apparent but no significant differences between mutant and wild-type animals were observed. The present data indicate that at higher doses, LPS-induced bone resorption is substantially mediated by IL-1 and TNF receptor signaling. Furthermore, IL-1 receptor signaling appears to be slightly more important than TNF receptor signaling. At lower LPS doses, other pathways leading to osteoclast activity that are independent of TNF and IL-1 are involved.
Political Discourse Analysis: Exploring the Language of Politics and the Politics of Language

This essay overviews the body of research known as political discourse analysis (PDA). I begin by situating this work within the linguistic and political turns that took place in the latter part of the 20th century within the human and social sciences. I then discuss different conceptions of what comprises the political and the appropriate objects of study for PDA. Adopting an inclusive conception of politics and discourse, I consider the relationship between PDA and critical discourse analysis (CDA). I close with a review of studies of political discourse in terms of their theoretical and analytic frameworks and the socio-political issues they address.
Pre- and postnatal antecedents of a home-visiting intervention and family developmental outcome.

Nous presentons une etude des antecedents pre- et post-natals de certains indices aux âges de 6 a 24 mois du developpement mere-enfant et du developpement socio-emotionnel de l'enfant. Les hypotheses suivantes ont guide notre etude: 1. Une mere qui est secure avant la naissance de son enfant sera plus impliquee dans le travail de l'intervention a domicile, et, lorsque son enfant aura 24 mois, sera plus receptive aux besoins de son enfant, encouragera l'autonomie de son enfant, et utilisera des formes de controle verbales et positives. Dans ce contexte de relation, on s'attend a ce que les enfants de deux ans soient soignes, fassent preuve de plus d'autonomie, et repondent plus positivement au controle de la mere. 2. Dans un mode regressif d'analyse, les cinq antecedents qui suivent seront des facteurs supplementaires de prediction du resultat a deux ans: a) la reaction de la mere quand l'enfant a un mois et l'irritabilite du nourrisson, b) le partenaire de la mere quand l'enfant a six mois et le soutien familial, c) l'implication de la mere dans le travail de l'intervention durant la periode de 7 a 12 mois. Des analyses de mesure repetees de la variance et des analyses de regression ont demontre que l'etat secure/autonome de la mere avant la naissance de l'enfant etait lie au resultat durant la periode de 6 a 24 mois et a son implication dans le travail de l'intervention, et que ce dernier constituait de maniere consistente un antecedent important pour le resultat a 24 mois. Les implications du resultat etant anticipees a la fois par les caracteristiques familiales et par l'implication de la mere dans l'intervention sont discutees.
Time Dependence of Endothelium-Mediated Vasodilation by Intermittent Antegrade Warm Blood Cardioplegia

Background The technique of intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia (IAWBC) exposes the heart to brief periods of normothermic ischemia. This may impair endothelial function in coronary arteries. Methods Three cardioplegic technique were tested in porcine hearts arrested for 32 to 36 minutes and reperfused for 30 minutes: IAWBC, antegrade cold blood cardioplegia (ACBC), and antegrade cold crystalloid cardioplegia (ACCC). In the hearts arrested with IAWBC, three different intervals of ischemia were used: three 10-minute intervals (IAWBC1), two 15-minute intervals (IAWBC2), and one 30-minute interval (IAWBC3). Rings from the coronary arteries were used to evaluate in vitro the contractile responses to U46619 and the relaxant responses to bradykinin, A23187, and sodium nitroprusside. Results All six groups (treatment groups and control group) displayed similar responses to U46619 (30nmol/L) and nitroprusside. In the IAWBC1, IAWBC2, and ACBC groups, endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin and A23187 were preserved compared with controls, whereas those of the ACCC and IAWBC3 groups were significantly impaired (bradykinin: control, 8.72±0.07; IAWBC1, 8.73±0.03; IAWBC2, 8.65±0.05; IAWBC3, 8.30±0.07 [ p p p p Conclusions Myocardial preservation with IAWBC with ischemic intervals of 15 minutes or shorter does not alter the endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin or A23187 in porcine coronary arteries, but these responses are significantly impaired by ACCC and IAWBC with an ischemic interval of 30 minutes.
Assessing the public's understanding of constitutional reform: Evidence from Argentina

Constitutional and institutional reform is occurring at an impressive rate throughout the world. To explain the dynamics of reform the scholarly literature has focused almost exclusively on political elites. Analyses of the role played by public opinion in the constitutional reform process have been largely missing. This study takes an initial first step toward understanding the role played by public opinion through an analysis of public understanding of selected constitutional reform issues in Argentina. The evidence indicates that the Argentine public has a fairly sophisticated understanding of the issues involved in constitutional reform. This finding suggests that current elite-based explanations of constitutional and institutional reforms are incomplete. The article also provides a point of departure for future studies of the complex elite-mass interaction that occurs during reform.
Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo.

Barbiturates have been reported to augment benzodiazepine receptor affinity in vitro, but their effects in vivo are uncertain. We determined benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo by specific uptake of [3H]Ro15-1788 after barbiturate administration. Pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) increased receptor binding in cerebral cortex and cerebellum at 30 min after injection, with a peak effect occurring at 1 h after dosage, and a return to control levels at 2 h. Specific binding was increased at 1 h after pentobarbital administration in a dose-dependent fashion (7.5–90 mg/kg). Pentobarbital at doses up to 30 mg/kg failed to alter nonspecific binding, but at doses of 60 mg/kg increases in nonspecific binding were observed. The increases in specific binding observed after barbiturate administration were most likely due to a change in apparent receptor affinity, as determined by administration of varying doses of clonazepam to pentobarbital-treated (30 mg/kg) animals. The order of potency of a series of barbiturates in augmenting benzodiazepine receptor binding in cerebral cortex and cerebellum in vivo was: secobarbital>pentobarbital>amobarbital>phenobarbital>barbital. The same relative rank order of potency exists for the anesthetic/hypnotic activity of these barbiturates. These data suggest that barbiturates increase the apparent affinity of benzodiazepine receptors in vivo; unlike their in vitro actions, these alterations can be detected with a receptor antagonist.
Computer modeling of steady state fission gas behavior in carbide fuels

Abstract A model for the simulation of long-term, steady-state fission gas behavior in carbide fuels is formulated. It is assumed that fission gas release occurs entirely through gas atom diffusion to grain boundaries and cracks. Fission gas bubbles are assumed to remain stationary and to grow as the net result of gas atom precipitation into the bubbles from the matrix solid and gas atom re-solution from the bubbles into the matrix. Furthermore, assuming that local gas atom redistribution process in the immediate neighborhood of a bubble is very rapid, the bubble size is assumed to correspond to the equilibrium size that maintains exact balance between the rate of gas atom re-solution and that of gas atom precipitation. The model also treats the effect of attachment between bubbles and second-phase precipitates; the experimentally observed faster growth rate of precipitate bubbles is simulated using a reduced re-solution parameter for precipitate bubbles. With the grain matrix assumed to be spherical, the model allows the computation of the radial distribution of the intragranular bubbles and the gas atom concentration in the matrix. The flux of gas atoms arriving at the grain boundary is computed. The continual growth of grain boundary bubbles, resulting from the accumulation of gas atoms on the grain boundary, leads to grain boundary interlinkage and all gas atoms that subsequently reach the grain boundary are assumed to be released. Similarly, all gas atoms generated following the interlinkage of intragranular bubbles are also assumed to be immediately released. Application of the model indicates that fission gas swelling is largely due to intragranular bubbles. Grain boundary bubbles, although very large in size, contribute little to fission gas swelling and the contribution from gas atoms in solid solution in the matrix is even less significant. Physical parameters entering the model were assigned numerical values that closely represent the physical characteristics of the irradiation samples. Careful comparisons between the results of sensitivity studies and the experimental data readily identify the re-solution parameter to have the strongest influence on the results predicted by the code and that the grain size, and not the temperature, is the dominant factor affecting gas release. When allowance is made for the uncertainties of the experimental data, the predicted fission gas swelling also correlates well with experiment. The spread in the fuel swelling data, however, indicates that fuel cracking, and not fission gas swelling alone, very often contributes significantly to the fuel external dimensional changes. The linear fission gas swelling rate prediceted by the model exhibits almost a linear variation with temperature. This result correlates well with the linear swelling rate obtained from experimental swelling data if immersion density data alone are used, in order to eliminate the sources of uncertainties associated with fuel cracking.
Quality assurance of dielectric masks for laser ablation technology

Dielectric masks are one of several types of masks used for high energy excimer laser ablation. Excimer laser ablation is a process used to directly pattern materials without the use of resists or wet processing. The dielectric masks are formed from a multilayer stack of dielectric films deposited on a quartz substrate. These masks have low reflectivity in visible light, and the dielectric stack thickness ranges from 0.4 micrometer to 1.0 micrometer to achieve an optimum reflectivity for a specific application. These properties present the most significant challenges in the inspection and quality assurance of dielectric masks. This paper discusses the methods of critical dimension measurement and defect inspection that have been developed for dielectric laser ablation masks. Printability of defects and the application of a unique scanning inspection tool which uses ultraviolet light are discussed. Manufacturing performance data also are presented.
Accumulation of cadmium and selected elements in flax seed grown on a calcareous soil

Seed of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown on calcareous and neutral soils sometimes accumulates relatively high concentrations of Cd. The influence of a post-flowering application of NH4NO3 (115 mg N kg-1), CdSO4 (1 mg Cd kg-1), FeEDDHA (2 mg Fe kg-1), NaH2PO4 (120 mg P kg-1) and ZnSO4 (8 mg Zn kg-1) on seed accumulation of Cd, Fe, N, Mn, P and Zn by flax grown on a Calciaquoll was studied in two experiments under greenhouse conditions. Seed yields were increased by the N and Zn treatments, and the N×Zn interaction was positive. Zinc deficiency delayed flowering and boll formation by up to 20 days and reduced seed size. In the absence of added Cd, seed accumulated up to 0.33 mg Cd kg-1. This Cd accumulation was reduced by approximately 50 and 17% by added Zn and Fe, respectively, but was little affected by P fertilizer and post-flowering N stress. In the presence of added Cd, seed Cd exceeded 3.3 mg Cd kg-1, and the antagonistic effects of Fe and Zn on seed Cd were absent. Seed N, P, Fe and Zn concentrations were increased on average by 10, 45, 31 and 97% by the N, P, Fe and Zn fertilizer treatments, respectively. FeEDDHA reduced seed Mn concentration by approximately 58%. However, seed Mn concentration was much less than that found in vegetative tissue at flowering. Soil-applied Zn may reduce seed Cd concentration in flax under field conditions, and may increase marketability of flax for food use.
Macrophage Activation Associated with Chronic Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Results in More Severe Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization

The neovascular (wet) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to vision loss due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Since macrophages are important in CNV development, and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgG serum titers in patients with wet AMD are elevated, we hypothesized that chronic CMV infection contributes to wet AMD, possibly by pro-angiogenic macrophage activation. This hypothesis was tested using an established mouse model of experimental CNV. At 6 days, 6 weeks, or 12 weeks after infection with murine CMV (MCMV), laser-induced CNV was performed, and CNV severity was determined 4 weeks later by analysis of choroidal flatmounts. Although all MCMV-infected mice exhibited more severe CNV when compared with control mice, the most severe CNV developed in mice with chronic infection, a time when MCMV-specific gene sequences could not be detected within choroidal tissues. Splenic macrophages collected from mice with chronic MCMV infection, however, expressed significantly greater levels of TNF-α, COX-2, MMP-9, and, most significantly, VEGF transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR assay when compared to splenic macrophages from control mice. Direct MCMV infection of monolayers of IC-21 mouse macrophages confirmed significant stimulation of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein as determined by quantitative RT-PCR assay, ELISA, and immunostaining. Stimulation of VEGF production in vivo and in vitro was sensitive to the antiviral ganciclovir. These studies suggest that chronic CMV infection may serve as a heretofore unrecognized risk factor in the pathogenesis of wet AMD. One mechanism by which chronic CMV infection might promote increased CNV severity is via stimulation of macrophages to make pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF), an outcome that requires active virus replication.
Does the Self-Trapped Magnetic Polaron Exist in Electron-Doped Manganites?

We show from ab initio density-functional calculations and model studies that, in the electron-doped manganite ${\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($x\ensuremath{\ll}1$), unbound electrons are introduced into the conduction band, which then trap themselves in the exchange-induced magnetic potential wells forming the self-trapped magnetic polarons (STMP). Hopping beyond the nearest neighbors drastically reduces the binding energy, while the Jahn-Teller coupling increases it somewhat, resulting in a net binding of about $100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20\text{ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$. The electron is self-trapped in a seven-site ferromagnetic region, beyond which the lattice is essentially antiferromagnetic. In light of the recent experiments of Neumeier and Cohn, our results suggest that the STMP may be present in the lightly electron-doped manganites.
Plans for ocean drilling

The international ocean drilling community plans to meet in July 1987 to decide on some of the scientific goals of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) for the next 5 years. An all-day Union session is being held at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., “to organize and energize the U.S. marine science community” in preparation for that meeting, according to session chairman Garrett Brass, of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami (Miami, Fla.).
The GNU 64-bit PL8 compiler: toward an open standard environment for firmware development

For two decades, large parts of zSeries® firmware have been Written in the PL8 programming language. The existence of a large amount of mature zSeries firmware source code and our excellent experienee with PL8 for system programming suggest keeping this language. However, the firmware address space of today's, zSeries servers may exceed 2 GB, raising the need for a new 64-bit PL8 compiler, since the original implementation, developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heihts, New York, supports only 32-bit platforms. The GNU compiler collection (GCC) (GNU is a freeware UNIX® -like operating system) has been used to translate those parts of firmware written in C for some years and has also proved successful in compiling LinuxTM for zSeries. This fact, combined with the highly modular GCC design, suggested reimplementing PL8 within the GCC framework. In this paper, we report on the extension of PL8 to support 64-bit addressing, its implementation as a GCC front end, and the validation of the new compiler. We also evaluate PL8 as a language for highly reliable low-level programming and give some performance data. The paper documents the high level of quality achieved by the GCC open-source project and how Such software fits into the traditional IBM software development processes.
The Impact of Federal Income Taxes and Cash Transfers On the Distribution of Lifetime Household Income, 1969-1981:

This study uses a longitudinal sample of stable households to assess the impact of federal taxes and transfers on the distribution of household income during the period 1969-1981. After controlling for the upward movement in age-income profiles across birth year cohorts, earned lifetime incomes are found to be more equally distributed than earned annual incomes. The overall tax and transfer system is found to have a larger redistributive effect on lifetime incomes. While taxes are relatively more important than transfers in reducing lifetime income inequality among married couples, the opposite is true for single-headed households. Taxes and transfers also redistribute lifetime income from married couples to single-headed households.
Influence of air mass origin on aerosol properties at a remote Michigan forest site

Abstract The northern Great Lakes region of North America is a large, relatively pristine area. To date, there has only been limited study of the atmospheric aerosol in this region. During summer 2009, a detailed characterization of the atmospheric aerosol was conducted at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) as part of the Community Atmosphere–Biosphere Interactions Experiment (CABINEX). Measurements included particle size distribution, water-soluble composition, and CCN activity. Aerosol properties were strongly dependent on the origin of the air masses reaching the site. For ∼60% of the study period, air was transported from sparsely populated regions to the northwest. During these times aerosol loadings were low, with mean number and volume concentrations of 1630 cm−3 and 1.91 μm3 cm−3, respectively. The aerosol during clean periods was dominated by organics, and exhibited low hygroscopicities (mean κ = 0.18 at s = 0.3%). When air was from more populated regions to the east and south (∼29% of the time), aerosol properties reflected a stronger anthropogenic influence, with 85% greater particle number concentrations, 2.5 times greater aerosol volume, six times more sulfate mass, and increased hygroscopicity (mean к = 0.24 at s = 0.3%). These trends are have the potential to influence forest–atmosphere interactions and should be targeted for future study.
The effect of assisted and resisted sprint training on acceleration and velocity in Division IA female soccer athletes.

This investigation evaluated the effects of a 4-week, 12-session training program using resisted sprint training (RST), assisted sprint training (AST), and traditional sprint training (TST) on maximal velocity and acceleration in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division IA female soccer athletes (n = 27). The subjects, using their respective training modality, completed 10 maximal effort sprints of 20 yd (18.3 m) followed by a 20-yd (18.3 m) deceleration to jog. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance demonstrated significant (p 15 yd; > 13.7 m) should use resisted sprint training protocols.
Characterization of a kidney-specific pattern of chromatin structure in the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene

Abstract The kidney-specific chromatin structure of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene was examined and compared to that of the liver. Kidney nuclear extracts were found to lack a liver-enriched factor, pepA, that binds to HSS A, a distal enhancer of the PEPCK gene that may be involved in opening the chromatin domain of the PEPCK gene in the liver. To begin the characterization of the kidney-specific chromatin structure of the PEPCK gene, nuclease hypersensitive sites (HSS) were mapped by indirect end-labeling analysis in proximal tubules from control rats, proximal tubules from acidotic rats which express induced levels of PEPCK, and NRK52E cells, a rat kidney epithelial cell line which does not express the PEPCK gene. A subset of HSS, at −400/+1 over the proximal promoter and at +1900 within the coding region, correlate with kidney-specific PEPCK expression. Two other HSS, at −3.1 kb and +6.2 kb, are detected in kidney cells regardless of PEPCK expression. The HSS at −4800, −1240, and +4650, previously identified in PEPCK-expressing liver cells, were not observed in the kidney. As in the liver, the pattern of hypersensitivity in the kidney does not change by altering the rate of transcription.
Molecular and cellular determinants of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae adherence and invasion.

Summary Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of human disease and initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. Based on information from histopathologic specimens and in vitro studies with human cells and tissues in culture, non-typeable H. influenzae is capable of efficient adherence and appreciable invasion, properties that facilitate the process of colonization. A number of adhesive factors exist, each recognizing a distinct host cell structure and influencing cellular binding specificity. In addition, at least three invasion pathways exist, including one resembling macropinocytosis, a second mediated via the PAF receptor and a third involving β-glucan receptors. Organisms are also capable of disrupting cell–cell junctions and passing between cells to the subepithelial space.
Rapid assessment of TiO2 pigment durability via the acid solubility test

The influence of titanium dioxide on the durability of paint resin (often referred to as “TiO2 durability”) is of importance in many exterior coatings applications. Not only is it essential that a given grade of TiO2 exhibit good durability, it is also important that it exhibit this durability consistently, since the economic consequences of even an occasional bad lot of TiO2 can be enormous to a coatings manufacturer. To address this important issue, a rapid, highly predictive release test for certain classes of superdurable TiO2 pigments has been developed to ensure good product consistency.
Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms, emerging treatments, and subtypes.

Diabetic neuropathies (DNs) differ in clinical course, distribution, fiber involvement (type and size), and pathophysiology, the most typical type being a length-dependent distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) with differing degrees of autonomic involvement. The pathogenesis of diabetic DSP is multifactorial, including increased mitochondrial production of free radicals due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Mechanisms that impact neuronal activity, mitochondrial function, membrane permeability, and endothelial function include formation of advanced glycosylation end products, activation of polyol aldose reductase signaling, activation of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase, and altered function of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump. Hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers several neuronal apoptotic processes. Additional mechanisms include impaired nerve perfusion, dyslipidemia, altered redox status, low-grade inflammation, and perturbation of calcium balance. Successful therapies require an integrated approach targeting these mechanisms. Intensive glycemic control is essential but is insufficient to prevent onset or progression of DSP, and disease-modifying treatments for DSP have been disappointing. Atypical forms of DN include subacute-onset sensory (symmetric) or motor (asymmetric) predominant conditions that are frequently painful but generally self-limited. DNs are a major cause of disability, associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality.
Cooling rate and size of birds' eggs—A natural isomorphic body

Abstract The resistance to heat transfer of birds' eggs scales not to the −2 3 power of egg mas, as would be expected for an isomorphic object, but to the −0.60 power. This unexpected exponent apparently is the result of the composite resistance to heat exchange by both radiation and convection.
Lateral Diffusion of Membrane Proteins in the Presence of Static and Dynamic Corrals: Suggestions for Appropriate Observables

We consider the possibility of inferring the nature of cytoskeletal interaction with transmembrane proteins via optical experiments such as single-particle tracking (SPT) and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). In particular, we demonstrate that it may be possible to differentiate between static and dynamic barriers to diffusion by examining the time-dependent variance and higher moments of protein population inside cytoskeletal "corrals." Simulations modeling Band 3 diffusion on the surface of erythrocytes provide a concrete demonstration that these statistical tools might prove useful in the study of biological systems.
Clinical Implications of Lipid Genetics for Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Epidemiologic data support a strong relationship of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with both elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The study of the human genetics of plasma lipid traits, both rare Mendelian disorders as well as common variants, has illuminated multiple genes and pathways involved in the regulation of LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Mendelian disorders of extremes of LDL-C and Mendelian randomization studies of common gene variants associated with LDL-C strongly support a causal relationship between LDL-C and ASCVD, independent of mechanism. In contrast, Mendelian disorders of extremes of HDL-C and Mendelian randomization studies of common genetic variants for HDL-C are inconsistent in their support of a causal relationship between HDL-C and ASCVD. In contrast to LDL-C, a causal relationship between HDL-C and ASCVD may be dependent on the specific mechanism leading to variation in HDL-C levels.
Contextual influences in reading comprehension in aphasia.

Abstract Aphasic subjects' auditory comprehension of reversible passive sentences is faciliated by preceding predictive and nonpredictive narratives ( Hough, Pierce, & Cannito, 1989 , Brain and Language, 36, 325–334). The present study found that aphasic subjects also comprehended written reversible passive sentences significantly more accurately when they were preceded by either predictive or nonpredictive five-sentence narratives than when they were presented in isolation. Also tested was the contention that predictive narratives do not improve aphasic subjects' ability to process target sentences but simply allow these sentences to be ignored. This contention was not supported. The aphasic subjects did not comprehend predictive narratives presented without the subsequent target sentences more accurately than they comprehended the target sentences presented in isolation. For comprehension to be enhanced, both the contextual narratives and the target sentences must be present.
Dislocation nucleation and pileup under awedge contact at nanoscale

Indentation responses of crystalline materials have been found to be radically different at micrometer and nanometer scales. The latter is usually thought to be controlled by the nucleation of dislocations. To explore this physical process, a dislocation mechanics study is performed to determine the conditions for the nucleation of a finite number of dislocations under a two-dimensional wedge indenter, using the Rice-Thomson nucleation criterion. The configurational force on the dislocation consists of the applied force, the image force, and the interaction force between dislocations. Dislocations reach equilibrium positions when the total driving force equals the effective Peierls stress, giving a set of nonlinear equations that can be solved using the Newton-Raphson method. When the apex angle of the wedge indenter increases, the critical contact size for dislocation nucleation increases rapidly, indicating that dislocation multiplication near a blunt wedge tip is extremely difficult. This geometric dependence agrees well with experimental findings.
Structural Diversity in 4,4'-Trimethylenedipyridine-zinc phosphite Hybrids: Incorporation of Neutral Guest Molecules in Hybrid Materials

Six new zinc phosphite hybrids are prepared under a variety of reaction conditions from the primary building blocks, trimethylenedipyridine, zinc acetate, and phosphorous acid. Neutral guest molecules are incorporated into several of the structures. Under hydrothermal conditions at 130 degrees C, an anionic framework structure, 1, templated on trimethylenedipyridinium, is obtained while a neutral ladder structure, 2, is formed at room temperature. These reactions are done at an initial pH of 4.7-5.0. When the reaction is done at an initial pH of 7.8-8.0, a neutral layered motif is obtained with 1,3-dipyridylpropane pillars and neutral guests in the interstitial space. Structures with water, phenol, and catechol as the guests, compounds 3, 4, and 5, respectively, are reported. The use of catechol as a template results in the breakup of the ZnPO sheet structure common to both 3 and 4. When amino acids, including alanine, were added to the reaction medium, a neutral three-dimensional framework, 6, is obtained with no incorporation of the potential template. The syntheses and structures of these new materials are reported.