cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rezension zu: Adrian de Silva: Negotiating the Borders of the Gender Regime. Developments and Debates on Trans(sexuality) in the Federal Republic of Germany. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag 2018.

Die Geschichte der Trans(sexualitat) in der Bundesrepublik ist eine Geschichte sich wandelnder Verstandnisse von Geschlecht und Geschlechterordnung. Adrian de Silva betrachtet in seiner Dissertation die Entwicklungen und rechtlichen Auswirkungen dieser Verstandnisse in Sexualwissenschaft, Rechtsprechung, Gesetzgebung und der Transgender-Bewegung. Er analysiert die Entstehungs- und Reformprozesse des Transsexuellengesetzes (Gesetz uber die Anderung der Vornamen und die Feststellung der Geschlechtszugehorigkeit in besonderen Fallen) und seine folgenreiche Verquickung von Recht, Medizin und Geschlechterpolitik. Historische und aktuelle Debatten um die „Borders of the Gender Regime“ in Deutschland lassen sich auf der Basis von de Silvas Buch neu verstehen und einordnen.
Growth and nutrient and nitrate accumulation of lettuce under different regimes of nitrogen fertilization

For plant growth and composition, the effects of fertilizers including blood meal (BLO), cottonseed meal (CSM), dehydrated cow manure (COW), and urea (UREA) factored with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L....
Critical discourse analysis in the study of representation, identity politics and power relations: a multi-method approach

This article sheds light on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as an approach for uncovering power relations in the study of identity politics. To evaluate this approach, I draw from my experience investigating the role of language use and the meaning contained in the discourses reproduced in two main newspapers in Spain when referring to Spaniards in relation to immigrants from the Global South. Drawing from this case study, I argue that CDA is an invaluable approach when used to expose patterns of language use which allows for uncovering, vis-a-vis critical evaluation, the production of knowledge in society. However, using CDA involves developing a creative research design. A multidisciplinary and multimethodological approach, I argue, is desirable when researching in CDA to seek explanation, to fully uncovering and explaining obscured exploitative/unequal social power relations, and to enact social change.
Corpus callosotomy performed with laser interstitial thermal therapy

Objective Corpus callosotomy is a palliative procedure that is effective at reducing seizure burden in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The procedure is traditionally performed via open craniotomy with interhemispheric microdissection to divide the corpus callosum. Concerns for morbidity associated with craniotomy can be a deterrent to patients, families, and referring physicians for surgical treatment of epilepsy. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a less invasive procedure that has been widely adopted in neurosurgery for the treatment of tumors. In this study, the authors investigated LITT as a less invasive approach for corpus callosotomy. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients treated for medically refractory epilepsy by corpus callosotomy, either partial or completion, with LITT. Chart records were analyzed to summarize procedural metrics, length of stay, adverse events, seizure outcomes, and time to follow-up. In select cases, resting-state functional MRI was performed to qualitatively support effective functional disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres. Results Ten patients underwent 11 LITT procedures. Five patients received an anterior two-thirds LITT callosotomy as their first procedure. One patient returned after LITT partial callosotomy for completion of callosotomy by LITT. The median hospital stay was 2 days (IQR 1.5-3 days), and the mean follow-up time was 1.0 year (range 1 month to 2.86 years). Functional outcomes are similar to those of open callosotomy, with the greatest effect in patients with a significant component of drop attacks in their seizure semiology. One patient achieved an Engel class II outcome after anterior two-thirds callosotomy resulting in only rare seizures at the 18-month follow-up. Four others were in Engel class III and 5 were Engel class IV. Hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient at the time of removal of the laser fiber, which was placed through the bone flap of a prior open partial callosotomy. Conclusions LITT appears to be a safe and effective means for performing corpus callosotomy. Additional data are needed to confirm equipoise between open craniotomy and LITT for corpus callosotomy.
Perspectives Regarding the Risk of Introduction of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) in the United States

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic, emerging disease transmitted by mosquito vectors infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Its potential for emergence into susceptible regions is high, including in the United States (US), and is a reason of economic concern among the agricultural community, and to public health due to high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. While exploring the complexities of interactions involved with viral transmission, we proposed a new outlook on the role of vectors, hosts and the environment under changing conditions. For instance, the role of feral pigs may have been underappreciated in our previous work, given research keeps pointing to the importance of susceptible populations of wild swine in naive regions as key elements for the introduction of emergent vector-borne diseases. High risk of JEV introduction has been associated with the transportation of infected mosquitoes via aircraft. Nonetheless, no JEV outbreaks have been reported in the US to date and results from a qualitative risk assessment considered the risk of establishment to be negligible under the current conditions (environmental, vector, pathogen, and host). In this work, we discuss virus-vector-host interactions and ecological factors important for virus transmission and spread, review research on the risk of JEV introduction to the US considering the implications of risk dismissal as it relates to past experiences with similar arboviruses, and reflect on future directions, challenges, and implications of a JEV incursion.
How Can and Should We Reach and Train Our Future Pastors and Christian Leaders

This article represents a plenary session address for the Asbury Seminary Faculty Retreat, September 20, 2019, by Ed Stetzer, the Billy Graham Chair of Church, Mission, and Evangelism at Wheaton Co...
Unsupervised Driver Workload Learning through Domain Adaptation from Temporal Signals

Driver workload monitoring is an important component of the intelligent driver assistant systems today. Accurately monitoring a driver’s real-time workload is not an easy task. It requires good quality and well-annotated data collected from drivers to train machine learning models. Usually, a model trained for a target driver cannot be applied interchangeably to another target unless data from them have the similar distributions, which is however not commonly seen. This is known as the personal discrepancy problem between individuals. To deal with this problem, one method is to tune an existing model using annotated data collected from the target driver.However, obtaining annotated data from target drivers is a time consuming, labor-costly and sometimes impractical procedure. To cope with this difficulty, we developed an Adversarial Discriminative Neural Network for Multi-Temporal Signals (MTS-ADNN) architecture. With this method, a model can learn transferable features from well-annotated data in source domain and adapts to non- annotated data in target domain, even if data in the two domains have shifted distributions. Different from many existing adversarial learning architectures that aligns only between-domain distributions, the proposed MTS-ADNN can also aligns in-domain classes to ensure in-domain class-conditional distributions are aligned jointly with between-domain distributions. To enhance the performance, we added an entropy-regularizer to target domain sample predictions, and an entropy-aware weight to aggregate the loss of the discriminator. We evaluated the method using a set of workload estimation data collected from real-world diving. We compared its performance with three state-of-the-art unsupervised domain adaptation methods. The results show that the proposed MTS-ADNN outperforms its counterparts.
Windbreaks in the United States: A systematic review of producer-reported benefits, challenges, management activities and drivers of adoption

Abstract Windbreaks are an agroforestry practice used to provide simultaneous economic, environmental and social benefits that occur when trees are deliberately integrated into an agroecosystem. To date, no systematic review has been conducted on windbreak adoption in the U.S., which is needed to assess whether broader trends exist that may affect future research, extension delivery and policy development. This synthesis covers windbreak adoption studies in the U.S. from the earliest identified study in 1949 through 2020. A key finding from this synthesis is that producers use windbreaks on agricultural lands mostly for indirect economic benefits (soil erosion control, livestock protection, wind protection and snow control). This is followed by direct agricultural benefits (increased crop and livestock production) and intrinsic values (aesthetics and wildlife habitat). Direct economic benefits from forestry (timber and non-timber forest products) were often ranked last, despite most producers utilizing their windbreak trees for some economic gain. Windbreak satisfaction was also found to be high among U.S. producers (72–99%), with the beneficial functions varying by windbreak type (field, livestock, and farmstead). The main drivers causing producers to remove windbreaks were poor condition, age, and conflict with farming practices, while the primary reasons for non-adoption of windbreaks were lack of land and windbreak upkeep. Key information gaps needing further investigation include a greater understanding of producer-reported challenges and management activities associated with windbreak planting and maintenance, identifying and monetizing windbreak systems capable of producing marketable products, and valuation of ecosystem services provided by windbreaks over space and time and the potential for developing those markets.
A Review of Commercial and Emerging Atomic Frequency Standards

Atomic frequency standards are used to generate accurate and precise time and frequency, enabling many communications, synchronization, and navigation systems in modern life. GPS and other satellite navigation systems, voice and data telecommunications, and timestamping of financial transactions all rely on precise time and frequency enabled by atomic frequency standards. This review provides a snapshot and an outlook of commercial and emerging atomic frequency standards. We provide a concise summary of the performance and physics of operation of current atomic frequency standards. In addition, we discuss examples of emerging frequency standard technologies and prototype demonstrations with a focus on technologies expected to provide commercial or military utility within the next decade. We include a comparison of performance versus size and power for current atomic frequency standards. We develop and discuss an empirical relationship between frequency standard performance and product size.
Technology Lending in the Time of Covid-19: Meeting Curricular Needs

Librarians from the Acquisitions, Collection Management, and Evaluation (ACME) unit of the Meriam Library at California State University, Chico, worked with departments from the College of Engineer...
A Thurston boundary for infinite-dimensional Teichmüller spaces

For a compact surface $$X_0$$ , Thurston introduced a compactification of its Teichmuller space $${\mathcal {T}}(X_0)$$ by completing it with a boundary $$\mathcal {PML}(X_0)$$ consisting of projective measured geodesic laminations. We introduce a similar bordification for the Teichmuller space $${\mathcal {T}}(X_0)$$ of a noncompact Riemann surface $$X_0$$ , using the technical tool of geodesic currents. The lack of compactness requires the introduction of certain uniformity conditions which were unnecessary for compact surfaces. A technical step, providing a convergence result for earthquake paths in $${\mathcal {T}}(X_0)$$ , may be of independent interest.
AI as a friend or assistant: The mediating role of perceived usefulness in social AI vs. functional AI

Abstract Advents of new technology have transformed how we currently view and use artificial intelligence (AI). Originally, AI was first developed to assist humans to complete tasks, but AI now takes on more social roles, such as functioning as a companion. However, little is known about how individuals view these different types of AI. Thus, the present study conducted an online experiment to explore people’s perceptions about social AI vs. functional AI. Primary results suggest that individuals have more positive attitudes toward functional AI than social AI. Perceived usefulness of AI is found to have a mediation effect, suggesting functional AI, compared to social AI, leads to stronger perceived usefulness, which consequently fosters more positive attitudes and stronger perceived realism of AI. The results collectively suggest meaningful implications for human-AI communication and human–machine communication research.
Finite diamond-colored modular and distributive lattices with applications to combinatorial Lie representation theory

A modular or distributive lattice is `diamond-colored' if its order diagram edges are colored in such a way that, within any diamond of edges, parallel edges have the same color. Such lattices arise naturally in combinatorial representation theory, particularly in the study of poset models for semisimple Lie algebra representations and their companion Weyl group symmetric functions. One of our goals is to gather in one place some elementary but foundational results concerning these lattice structures; this includes some new results as well as some new interpretations of classical results. We then develop many points of contact between diamond-colored modular/distributive lattices and combinatorial Lie representation theory, leading to some new Dynkin diagram classification results and some new results concerning minuscule and quasi-minuscule representations.
The CD27-CD70 pathway and pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.

Abstract Objective To critically examine current evidence regarding the role of the CD27–CD70 pathway in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease with a focus on understanding the contributions of this pathway as a potential new therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A PubMed search for articles was conducted using the following key words: (“CD27” OR “CD70”) AND (“autoimmune disease” OR “systemic lupus erythematosus” OR “rheumatoid arthritis”). The search was limited to publications in English and included human and animal studies. The reference lists of identified articles were searched for further relevant citations. Publications on the list that was developed by this approach were assessed and those with relevance to CD27–CD70 pathway mediated pathophysiology in autoimmune disease were chosen for the detailed review. Results Data from human diseases and animal models document a major role for the CD27–CD70 receptor–ligand pair in providing signals that regulate T and B lymphocyte activation. The membrane receptor CD27 and its soluble form (sCD27) transmit co-stimulatory signals and induce activation and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. CD70-expressing CD4 T lymphocytes are increased in autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis and have been shown to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the same time, preclinical evidence suggests that the outcome of CD27–CD70 signals may vary qualitatively between cell subsets and differentiation stages, especially for B lymphocytes. Blockade of the CD27–CD70 pathway has been shown to ameliorate disease manifestations in animal models including murine collagen-induced arthritis and experimental colitis. Conclusion Current evidence from animal models and human diseases suggests that CD27–CD70 pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of autoimmunity. Although a number of basic questions still remain open, the available findings suggest that targeting the components of this pathway could provide useful and novel therapeutic interventions.
Improved annular mode variability in a global atmospheric general circulation model with 16 km horizontal resolution

[1] In an attempt to assess the benefit of resolving the subsynoptic to mesoscale processes, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the annular modes (AMs), in particular those related to the troposphere-stratosphere interaction, are evaluated for moderate and high horizontal resolution simulations with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecast System global atmospheric general circulation model in comparison with the reanalysis. Notably, the performance with the high horizontal resolution (T1279 truncation, ~16 km) version of the model is relatively more skillful than the moderate resolution (T159 truncation, ~125 km) on most metrics examined, including the variance of the AMs at different seasons of the year, the intrinsic e-folding time scales of the AMs, and the downward influence from the stratosphere to troposphere in the AMs. Moreover, the summer Southern Annular Mode is more persistent in the high resolution and projected to respond in a greater magnitude to climate change forcing than the moderate resolution.
Effects of wavelength and doping concentration on silicon damage threshold

Our damage experiment shows threshold fluence does not decrease with increasing doping concentration and its dependence on wavelength is weak, with photon energies above or below bandgap. Our results indicate impact ionization is the dominating mechanism.
Evaluation of canine-specific minocycline and doxycycline susceptibility breakpoints for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs

Background Using the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) human tetracycline breakpoints to predict minocycline and doxycycline susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolates from dogs is not appropriate because they are too high to meet pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data using a standard dose. New breakpoints have been approved for doxycycline and proposed for minocycline. Revised breakpoints are four dilutions lower than tetracycline breakpoints, providing a more conservative standard for classification of isolates. Hypothesis/Objectives The objectives of this study were to measure minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of minocycline and doxycycline of 100 canine meticillin-resistant SP clinical isolates, compare their susceptibilities to minocycline and doxycycline based on current and revised standards, and document their tetracycline resistance genes. Methods E-test strips were used to determine MICs. PCR was used to identify tet genes. Results Using the human tetracycline breakpoint of MIC ≤ 4 μg/mL, 76 isolates were susceptible to minocycline and 36 isolates were susceptible to doxycycline. In contrast, using the proposed minocycline breakpoint (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL) and approved doxycycline breakpoint (MIC ≤ 0.125 μg/mL), 31 isolates were susceptible to both minocycline and doxycycline. Thirty-one isolates carried no tet genes, two had tet(K) and 67 had tet(M). Conclusions and clinical importance Use of the human tetracycline breakpoints misclassified 45 and five of the isolates as susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline, respectively. PCR analysis revealed that 43 and five of the isolates classified as susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline, respectively, possessed the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(M), known to confer resistance to both drugs. These results underscore the importance of utilizing the proposed minocycline and approved doxycycline canine breakpoints in place of human tetracycline breakpoints.
The Relationship Between Romantic Partner Support Styles and Body Image Disturbance

ABSTRACT American women have long been affected by perceptions of beauty being described as the thin female idealizing standards far below the standards for what is considered the ideal body weight. Women have also been strongly influenced by their partners and the opinions that are expressed. To explore this concept further, 170 females were assessed to determine whether romantic partner social support could be a predictor of female body image and eating disturbances. Of the 117 participants that met full criteria for the project, the measures for figure rating preferences, eating disturbance, and body image dissatisfaction were investigated. Along with these indicators, intimate bonding, self-esteem, stress, general social support, and romantic partner support were also collected. Statistical results supported that higher body image dissatisfaction was inversely related to the perception of lower levels of romantic partner support. In addition, esteem support was predictive of female body image disturba...
The tangled biology of tau

With the aging of the population comes a heightened sense of urgency to do something about Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia disorder. Treatment for AD is essentially nonexistent, but progress in understanding its molecular basis is encouraging. Recently, studies on the etiology of AD focused on the pathogenesis of two pathognomonic features, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. First seen almost a century ago by Alois Alzheimer (1), these plaques and tangles are composed principally of the proteins Aβ (2) and tau (3), respectively. Identification of Aβ mutations in patients with AD argues that Aβ plays an important role in AD pathogenesis (4). But the role of tau in neurodegeneration was less certain until recent discoveries that mutations in the tau gene can cause non-Alzheimer’s dementia (5–9).
CLINICAL DECISION PROCESSES AND CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL VALIDITY

other concern; dangerousness was ranked first 94.4% of the time. Subjects did not distinguish between information with explicit normative referents and the same information without any such referents. Students and clinicians did not differ in their response to these categories of information. The results demonstrate the application of a fixed-order problem-solving method to study the clinical-decision process and suggest the importance of criteria for social validity in this sequence. The formation of clinical decisions becomes a natural focus of efforts to measure the value and effectiveness of behavioral assessment. The concern is one of accountability, and it has been highlighted by surveys which have indicated that behaviorally-oriented clinicians are likely to employ discrepant strategies instead of refined assessment techniques (Swan & MacDonald, 1978; Wade, Baker, & Hartmann, 1979). Other studies have shown low reliability with respect to fundamental components of assessment such as identifying problem areas (Hay, Hay, Angle, & Nelson, 1979) or selecting target behaviors with priority (Wilson & Evans, 1983). To provide a means for analysis, a few authors (Evans & Wilson, in press; Kanfer & Grirnm, 1980) have begun to evaluate decision processes in which the clinician is gathering and evaluating information. Clearly, information in assessment varies in salience. Wilson and Evans
Noninvasive Metabolic Imaging of Engineered 3D Human Adipose Tissue in a Perfusion Bioreactor

The efficacy and economy of most in vitro human models used in research is limited by the lack of a physiologically-relevant three-dimensional perfused environment and the inability to noninvasively quantify the structural and biochemical characteristics of the tissue. The goal of this project was to develop a perfusion bioreactor system compatible with two-photon imaging to noninvasively assess tissue engineered human adipose tissue structure and function in vitro. Three-dimensional (3D) vascularized human adipose tissues were engineered in vitro, before being introduced to a perfusion environment and tracked over time by automated quantification of endogenous markers of metabolism using two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). Depth-resolved image stacks were analyzed for redox ratio metabolic profiling and compared to prior analyses performed on 3D engineered adipose tissue in static culture. Traditional assessments with H&E staining were used to qualitatively measure extracellular matrix generation and cell density with respect to location within the tissue. The distribution of cells within the tissue and average cellular redox ratios were different between static and perfusion cultures, while the trends of decreased redox ratio and increased cellular proliferation with time in both static and perfusion cultures were similar. These results establish a basis for noninvasive optical tracking of tissue structure and function in vitro, which can be applied to future studies to assess tissue development or drug toxicity screening and disease progression.
HairlessPromotes Stable Commitment to the Sensory Organ Precursor Cell Fate by Negatively Regulating the Activity of theNotchSignaling Pathway

Abstract InDrosophilaimaginal discs, the function of theHairless(H) gene is required at multiple steps during the development of adult sensory organs. Here we report the results of a series of experiments designed to investigate thein vivorole ofHin sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell specification. We show that the proneural cluster pattern of proneural gene expression and of transcriptional activation by proneural proteins is established normally in the absence ofHactivity. By contrast, single cells with the high levels ofachaete, scabrous,andneuralizedexpression characteristic of SOPs almost always fail to appear inHmutant proneural clusters. These results indicate thatHis required for a relatively late step in the development of the proneural cluster, namely, the stable commitment of a single cell to the SOP cell fate. We also show that expression of an activated form of the Notch receptor leads to bristle loss with the same cellular basis—failure of SOP determination—as loss ofHfunction and that simultaneous overexpression ofHsuppresses this effect. Finally, we demonstrate by epistasis experiments that the failure of stable commitment to the SOP fate inHnull mutants requires the activity of the genes of theEnhancer of splitcomplex, includinggroucho.Our results indicate thatHpromotes SOP determination by antagonizing the activity of theNotchpathway in this cell, thereby protecting it from inhibitory signaling by its neighbors in the proneural cluster. We propose a simple threshold model in which the principal role ofHin SOP specification is to translate a quantitative difference in the activity of theNotchpathway (in the SOP versus the non-SOP cells) into a stable binary cell fate decision.
Characterization of local deformation in filled-silicone elastomers subject to high strain – NMR MOUSE and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a diagnostic tool for detection of inhomogeneities

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry with the NMR MOUSE (MObile Universal Surface Explorer) have been used to characterize local permanent deformation in silicone parts subject to high compressive strain. Samples returned from field service have been characterized by areas of high compression set. Materials excised from these damaged sections have been shown to be clearly distinguishable from undeformed material from the same part and from pristine material by NMR spin-echo, NMR MOUSE and MRI protocols. The results of these studies have been interpreted in the context of studies of model materials of varying crosslink density. The areas of local deformation have been characterized by a reduction in the residual dipolar coupling, which is proportional to the crosslink density and in the non-network sol fraction. These differences were likely to be present in these polymers at the time of production due to inefficient mixing. Additionally, both T 2 weighted Single Point Imaging (SPI) and T 2 weighted MRI experiments have been used to map out the location of different crosslink densities, ultimately determining the quality or homogeneity in silicone components.
Origin of the neocortically monitored theta rhythm in the curarized rat.

Abstract An array of epidural electrodes was acutely implanted in locally anesthetized, curarized rats in order to map the surface distribution of rhythmic slow activity (RSA) which appears within the neocortex. Peak amplitudes (of about 122 μV) were centered over the dorsal hippocampus outline. A laminar profile of RSA recorded within the neocortex indicated no shifts in phase relative to a homotopic, epidural electrode. RSA increased slightly in amplitude (mean increase = 53%) at the deepest level of neocortex, but it did not approximate an amplitude peak or null within the neocortex. Multiple-unit activities within the neocortex were not phase-locked to RSA. On the other hand, all of these manifestations of an RSA generator were observed as electrodes passed into the dorsal hippocampus. A unilateral cortical spreading depression (CSD) treatment, which markedly attenuated barbiturate spindles in all subjects (N = 10), usually (N = 7 of 10) had no effect on the neocortically monitored RSA. Dissociations between depressed and non-depressed hemispheres, and between neocortical and hippocampal RSA, were obtained in some subjects during CSD. However, concurrent dissociations were also apparent between recording sites within the hippocampus. It is concluded that the neocortical RSA of rats is passively spread from underlying hippocampus, and dissociations in neocortical and hippocampal RSA in the rat are secondary to changes in the organization of multiple generators of hippocampal RSA.
The impact of solution agglomeration on the deposition of self-assembled monolayers

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) are commonly produced by immersing substrates in organic solutions containing trichlorosilane coupling agents. Unfortunately, such deposition solutions can also form alternate structures including inverse micelles and lamellar phases. The formation of alternate phases is one reason for the sensitivity of SAM depositions to factors such as the water content of the deposition solvent. If such phases are present, the performance of thin films used for applications such as minimization of friction and stiction in micromachines can be seriously compromised. Inverse micelle formation has been studied in detail for depositions involve 1H-, 1H-, 2H-, 2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) in isooctane. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been used to monitor the kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation reactions between water and FDTS. Light scattering experiments show that when hydrolyzed FDTS concentrations reach a critical concentration, there is a burst of nucleation to form high concentrations of spherical agglomerates. Atomic force microscopy results show that the agglomerates then deposit on substrate surfaces. Deposition conditions leading to monolayer formation involve using deposition times that are short relative to the induction time for agglomeration. After deposition, inverse micelles can be converted into lamellar or monolayer structures with appropriate heat treatments if surface concentrations are relatively low.
Vitamin D Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes an Antiatherogenic Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanism(s) of increased atherosclerosis in these patients. In patients with T2DM, the prevalence of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is almost twice that for nondiabetics and doubles the relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with diabetic patients with normal 25(OH)D. We tested the hypothesis that monocytes from vitamin D-deficient subjects will have a proatherogenic phenotype compared with vitamin D-sufficient subjects in 43 patients with T2DM. Serum 25(OH)D level inversely correlated with monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells even after adjustment for demographic and comorbidity characteristics. Vitamin D-sufficient patients (≥30 ng/ml 25(OH)D) had lower monocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a predominance of M1 over M2 macrophage membrane receptors, and decreased mRNA expression of monocyte adhesion molecules PSGL-1, β1-integrin, and β2-integrin compared with patients with 25(OH)D levels of
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY: CVI. AN APPRECIATION OF FRED S. KELLER, 1899-1996"

To casual acquaintances, Fred S. Keller may have been known chiefly for his excessive humility, his deadpan wit, his winning way with words, and his propensity for noting and reinforcing the best of the behavior of everyone with whom he came into contact. But to those familiar with the history of the experimental analysis of behavior he was also known as an innovative figure who introduced the use of nonverbal organisms as the laboratory material for the first course in psychology, as coauthor with W. N. Schoenfeld of the classic textbook in the analysis of behavior, as an academic progenitor of something like half of the first generation of behavior analysts, as the founder of scientific psychology in Brazil, and as the principal author of a teaching procedure known as the Personalized System of Instruction.
Colorimetric determination of pyrazole in blood.

A colorimetric procedure has been developed whereby pyrazole may be determined in blood. The pyrazole is assayed as a reaction product with pentacyanoaminoferrate(III). The method is rapid, straightforward, and will detect levels of pyrazole down to 0.1μmol in a total sample volume of 0.2 ml. There appears to be no interfering materials in the serum of normal animals.
Influence of Drying Techniques on the Characteristics of Chitosan and the Quality of Biopolymer Films

In this work, spouted bed and tray-drying techniques were employed at different drying air temperatures to produce dried chitosan, and the chitosan powder was used to produce biofilms. The products obtained from each drying technique were compared in relation to quality aspects (molecular weight, lightness, and hue angle). The results found for chitosan in spouted bed drying (90°C) showed lower alteration and best quality aspects in relation to the chitosan powder. However, in tray drying under the best condition (60°C) the chitosan molecular weight increased about 50% in relation to the initial value and browning was observed. The biofilms produced from chitosan dried in the spouted bed showed the best mechanical properties (tensile strength of 42 MPa and elongation of 29%) and lower water vapor permeability (3.95 g mm m−2 kPa−1 day−1).
Consuming Orientalism: Images of Asian/American Women in Multicultural Advertising

Past research has analyzed the gendered constructs of American consumption practices that underlie marketed images in the print media. This article re-considers the cultural constructs of multicultural advertisement strategies in the new global era. Based on an analysis of three advertisement campaigns, our contention is that the normalcy and positionality of White males in the U.S. society rely on the racialized and gendered representations of Asian/American women as the “Other.” It is argued that the emerging global culture has been packaged, commodified and marketed by multi-national corporations in a manner that widens their range of cultural repertoires but resurrects traditional hierarchies of American Orientalism.
Assay of clofibrate in human serum by gas chromatography

Abstract A method for assaying chlorophenoxyisobutyrate in serum was developed based on GLC of the methyl ester. Two internal standards, similar in chemical structure to CPIB, are added; the compounds are extracted, converted to methyl esters and analyzed by GLC using an alkali flame ionization detector selectively sensitive to halogen. The serum levels of CPIB following a single oral therapeutic dose can be followed conveniently, suggesting the use of the procedure for monitoring adherence to therapy or for studying the metabolism of the drug.
Observational studies of retarded children with multiple stereotyped movements

Stereotyped movements, such as body rocking and hand gesturing, are common among developmentally delayed children. However, very little is known concerning the naturally occurring circumstances that produce variability in this type of responding. Three relatively long-term observational studies, involving seven preschool children, each of whom exhibited multiple stereotypies, were conducted to determine the extent to which the type of activity or setting had any effect upon the rates of these responses. Repeated observations were made of each child during a variety of school activities. In two studies, adult-child interactions were also recorded. The results showed that, in general, the particular activity greatly affected rates of stereotyped behavior, although there were some marked individual differences. Moreover, in two studies variability was apparent across sessions within a particular setting. For some of the children, there was evidence that their multiple stereotypies were functionally interrelated. Adult interactions, as recorded in one study, appear to be both quantitatively and qualitatively different for stereotyping as contrasted with nonstereotyping children. An environmental analysis employing a sequential model indicated that there were teacher behaviors that affected the frequency and/or conditional probability of the child's aberrant behavior.
TURNING FINANCIAL FEARS INTO FUNDRAISING FANTASIES

The phone rang. I answered it. The woman on the other end was a librarian who heard my presentation on how to earn money at the Colorado Educational Media Association Conference a couple of weeks ago. She cheerfully said, “I enjoyed your presentation very much and now I need the names of people to call and ask for money?” Calmly and quietly I asked, “Do you have a project in mind?” Only slightly haltingly she said, “We just have so many kids here and I need to have money to pay for another librarian.”
The stratification of academic accounting in the U.S.: The role of doctoral funding grants

Abstract Although a large body of work has documented the stratification of academic accounting, very little research has identified the mechanisms by which inequality is maintained and perpetuated. Doctoral awards provided by various accounting organizations may play a part in this process. Using Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) to analyze the population of winners and a matched sample of non-winners, results show that winning a doctoral award is associated with the acquisition of more prestigious first appointments. Once positioned at these schools, winners tend to publish more. But for this facilitation that occurs through the academic labor market, award winners produce no more research than non-winners. In short, winners are separated from non-winners not by their innate scholarly ability, but by the institutional support available for their publishing efforts. Evidence also suggests that the separation of ability and “anointment” has intensified over time.
Echocardiography in the diagnosis of thoracic aortic pathology

Transthoracic two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography has been well established as a useful technique for evaluating many pathologic processes affecting the thoracic aorta. However, the distance of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta from the chest wall and the interposition of highly attenuating lung and highly reflective mediastinal structures between the transducer and the aorta present unavoidable limitations. Transesophageal echocardiography is a relatively new technology that overcomes many of the inherent limitations with transthoracic imaging. Complete echocardiographic evaluation of the entire thoracic aorta can now be achieved in nearly all patients. This article will review the continually expanding role of echocardiography in the evaluation of thoracic aortic pathology, including the dramatic impact of transesophageal imaging on the diagnosis of life-threatening disorders such as aortic dissection.
Allocation of Attention and Physiological Responsivity in the Type a Coronary-Prone Individual:

Recent studies have suggested that persons exhibiting the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern allocate their attention to the environment differently than those not exhibiting the pattern. The present study was done to relate such differences in cognitive responding to cardiovascular changes during a dual-focus task. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored in Types A and B male college students while they performed a color/word conflict primary task and a reaction-time secondary task. There were no differences in the behavioral performance of the Types A and B individuals. However, Types A and B subjects differed in mean heart rate, heart-rate variability, and phasic heart-rate pattern to the reaction-time stimuli. The reaction-time paradigm appears a fruitful base from which to explore cognitive/physiological response relations for Type A and Type B individuals.
Temperature and field dependence of the charge injection from metal electrodes into random organic media

We consider the average injection rate from a metal electrode into disordered organic media, and its field dependence for a fixed density of carriers in the metal. At sufficiently high field the injection occurs through particular pathways, lowering the energetic barrier between the metal Fermi energy and the molecular levels of the organic layer. Assuming a Gaussian distribution of random energies, we find the dependence of current j on field E j∝exp(βE) in the relevant domain of electric fields. This behavior agrees both with numerical simulations of three-dimensional systems and with experimental data.
Selective Repression of Actin and Myosin Heavy Chain Expression during the Programmed Death of Insect Skeletal Muscle

Abstract The intersegmental muscles (ISMs) of the tobacco hawk-moth Manduca sexta undergo two sequential changes in mass at the end of metamorphosis. Atrophy results in a 40% loss of muscle mass beginning 3 days before adult eclosion (emergence). Coincident with eclosion, the ISMs undergo programmed cell death that results in the complete destruction of the muscles during the subsequent 30 hr. These developmental changes are initiated by sequential decreases in the circulating titer of the ecdysteroids. While the molecular basis of ISM atrophy is largely unknown, the commitment of the muscles to die has been shown to require the repression of specific genes and the activation of others. Data presented here suggest that two of the repressed genes encode the proteins actin and myosin heavy chain. Expression of both actin and myosin heavy chain mRNA was greatly decreased when the ISMs became committed to die. When animals were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone, cell death was delayed and the loss of these transcripts was reduced. At the protein level, actin expression was reduced by 84% at the time the muscles were committed to die. The reduction in actin and myosin heavy chain synthesis presumably plays a role in the rapid dissolution of the muscles.
Concepts for alpha coincidence detection

The effectiveness of conventional measurement techniques for environmental monitoring is limited by background and other interferences. We are exploring a new measurement approach involving the detection of α particles in coincidence with conversion electrons as a means to simultaneously assay environmental samples for multiple actinides without chemical separation. The initial target isotopes studied in this work are 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Am. We explore various aspects of the design, such as impact of the mounting of the source material, energy resolution requirements and impact of a background on isotopic uncertainties. We conclude that a dual gas-proportional counter and a dual-sided, large-area silicon detector could provide similar performance for the measurement scenario examined.
Pressure-Based Residual Smoothing Operators for Multistage Pseudocompressibility Algorithms

Implicit residual smoothing operators for accelerating the convergence of explicit, multistage, artificial compressibility algorithms are developed using ideas from pressure-based methods. The velocity derivatives in the continuity equation and the pressure gradient terms in the momentum equations are discretized in time implicitly. The discrete system of equations is linearized in time producing a block implicit operator which is approximately factorized and diagonalized via a similarity transformation. The so-derived diagonal operator depends only on the metrics of the geometric transformation and can, thus, be implemented in an efficient and straightforward manner. It is combined with the standard implicit residual smoothing operator and incorporated in a four-stage Runge?Kutta algorithm also enhanced with local time-stepping and multigrid acceleration. Linear stability analysis for the three-dimensional Navier?Stokes equations and calculations for laminar flows through curved square ducts and pipes demonstrate the damping properties and efficiency of the proposed approach particularly on large-aspect ratio, highly skewed meshes.
Supporting Knowledge Integration in Chemistry with a Visualization-Enhanced Inquiry Unit

This paper describes the design and impact of an inquiry-oriented online curriculum that takes advantage of dynamic molecular visualizations to improve students’ understanding of chemical reactions. The visualization-enhanced unit uses research-based guidelines following the knowledge integration framework to help students develop coherent understanding by connecting and refining existing and new ideas. The inquiry unit supports students to develop connections among molecular, observable, and symbolic representations of chemical reactions. Design-based research included a pilot study, a study comparing the visualization-enhanced inquiry unit to typical instruction, and a course-long comparison study featuring a delayed posttest. Students participating in the visualization-enhanced unit outperformed students receiving typical instruction and further consolidated their understanding on the delayed posttest. Students who used the visualization-enhanced unit formed more connections among concepts than students with typical textbook and lecture-based instruction. Item analysis revealed the types of connections students made when studying the curriculum and suggested how these connections enabled students to consolidate their understanding as they continued in the chemistry course. Results demonstrate that visualization-enhanced inquiry designed for knowledge integration can improve connections between observable and atomic-level phenomena and serve students well as they study subsequent topics in chemistry.