cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of gastric electrical stimulation on ghrelin-induced excitatory effects on gastric motility and food intake in dogs.

Objective. To investigate the effects of ghrelin on food intake, gastric motility and whether gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is capable of reversing these effects of ghrelin in dogs. Material and methods. Seven healthy dogs were equipped with a gastric cannula and electrodes for the measurement of antral motility and gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA). Both food intake and gastric motility studies were performed in three sessions (control, ghrelin, 20 µg and ghrelin plus GES) in randomized order, respectively. After a 28-h fast, the animals were provided with unlimited solid food for 1.5 h, 30 min after saline or ghrelin injection. Recordings of antral contractions and GMA in each session were recorded for 30 min at baseline and 45 min after ghrelin/saline injection in the fasting state. GES was performed throughout the experiment initiated 30 min prior to the injection. Results. 1) Ghrelin significantly increased food intake from 475.6±75.5 g in the controls to 535.9±90.3 g with ghrelin (p=0.04);...
Fatigue design curves for 6061-T6 aluminum

A request has been made to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee that 6061-T6 aluminum be approved for use in the construction of Class 1 welded nuclear vessels so it can be used for the pressure vessel of the Advanced Neutron Source research reactor. Fatigue design curves with and without mean stress effects have been proposed. A knock-down factor of two is applied to the design curve for evaluation of welds. The basis of the curves is explained. The fatigue design curves are compared to fatigue data from base metal and weldments.
Endocrine aspects of the falling sperm count

In recent years, there have been many reports citing a worldwide decrease in sperm counts. This subject, however, remains controversial since many other reports have shown no changes in sperm counts. In this article, the evidence suggesting both a decline or no decline in sperm counts is critically reviewed. Additionally, some of the etiologies and mechanisms potentially involved in affecting spermatogenesis are discussed. These include a reappraisal of endocrine disrupters and the recent discoveries of genetic causes of reproductive endocrinopathies.
The MMPI-2 Symptom Validity Scale (FBS) Is an Empirically Validated Measure of Overreporting in Personal Injury Litigants and Claimants: Reply to Butcher et al. (2008)

We address issues raised by Butcher et al. (Psychological Injury and the Law 1:191–209, 2008) in their critique of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Symptom Validity Scale (FBS) and show that their analyses and conclusions are based on faulty premises, a misunderstanding of basic concepts in the assessment of overreporting, a selective review of the literature and mischaracterization of the findings they do cite, problematic analyses of a dataset that had already been similarly analyzed, and a flawed analysis of a legal case they discuss. We complement the review of existing research with some new findings that provide further empirical support and clarification of current interpretive recommendations for proper use of the FBS in evaluations of personal injury litigants and claimants.
Constraining cutoff physics in the cosmic microwave background

We investigate the ability to constrain oscillatory features in the primordial power spectrum using current and future cosmic microwave background observations. In particular, we study the observability of an oscillation arising from imprints of physics at the cutoff energy scale. We perform a likelihood analysis on the WMAP data set, and find that the current data set constrains the amplitude of the oscillations to be less than 0.77 at $2\ensuremath{\sigma},$ consistent with a power spectrum without oscillations. In addition, we investigate the fundamental limitations in the measurement of oscillation parameters by studying the constraints from a cosmic variance limited experiment. We find that such an experiment is capable of constraining the amplitude of such oscillations to be below 0.005, implying that reasonable models with cutoff energy scales $\ensuremath{\Lambda}g{200H}_{\mathrm{infl}}$ are unobservable through the microwave background.
Seismic images of the Transition fault and the unstable Yakutat-Pacific-North American triple junction

In southern Alaska, the Pacific plate and Yakutat terrane subduct beneath the North American plate along the Aleutian Trench and Pamplona zone, respectively, and are sliding past each other at minimal rates along the Transition fault. As the deformation front of the Pamplona zone stepped eastward during the Pliocene–Pleistocene, the Pacific–North American–Yakutat triple junction became unstable. Four recent seismic images reveal that the Transition fault changes from a single strike-slip boundary east of the deformation front to three strands that step increasingly seaward between the deformation front and the Aleutian Trench. The southern two strands deform the Pacific crust, and the outermost of these became increasingly convergent sometime since 1 Ma, as demonstrated by young growth strata. We propose that this internal deformation of the Pacific plate is an attempt to re-attain stability, which can only be reached by creating a tectonic boundary collinear with the Pamplona zone. The plate reorganization will result in initiation of subduction such that a portion of former Pacific crust will become accreted to the North American plate. Such accretion events caused by triple-junction instability may be an important mechanism for transferring oceanic crust to continental margins.
Cerebrocortical oxygenation and ventilatory response during sustained hypoxia

Cerebrocortical oxygenation was monitored in 8 healthy adults during exposure to sustained isocapnic hypoxia. Subjects were maintained at an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of 80% for 12 min with a rebreathing circuit while cerebrocortical oxygenation was assessed non-invasively using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to measure changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome a,a3 (Cyt a,a3) and changes in cortical blood volume (tBV). During sustained hypoxia, subjects demonstrated a biphasic ventilatory response. The mean ventilation (VE) peak response was 255% of baseline at an average of 3.4±0.5 min (mean±SE) after the initiation of hypoxia. A subsequent significant attenuation of VE to 163% (P<0.05) of baseline occurred after an additional 8.6 min. NIR monitoring revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in oxidized Cyt a,a3 as well as a significant (P<0.05) increase in tissue blood volume (tBV) at the time of peak VE. Both Cyt a, a3 and tBV remained stable during the remainder of the hypoxic period, despite attenuation of VE during sustained hypoxia. The data suggest that cerebrocortical oxygenation and blood flow remain constant when the ventilatory attenuation is observed during sustained hypoxia.
An efficient method for handling time-dependent boundary conditions with the DSS/2 differential equation solver

This paper discusses an efficient method for handling time dependent boundary conditions with the DSS/2 differential equation solver. The method was evaluated by using it in the numerical solution of a diffusion problem. The proposed method is also particularly useful for boundary conditions in which only derivatives of the depend ent variables are involved. The method is based on transforming the boundary conditions at the interface to a set of algebraic equations which must be solved simultaneously at each integra tion step. Both algebraic and numerical solutions of this set of equations are discussed, and the relative merits of each one of these solutions are evaluated. The proposed method provides significant improvements in computation times and is capable of handling more complex boundary conditions as compared to other conventional methods.
A finite difference scheme with arbitrary mesh systems for solving high-order partial differential equations

Abstract A finite difference technique for arbitrary irregular mesh systems is developed for numerical solutions of high-order boundary value problems. A successive differencing scheme is used to formulate the higher-order differencing equations. The details of the computational procedure for plate bending problems which are governed by a biharmonic equation are presented. In order to demonstrate the validity of the formulation procedure, numerical results obtained from the present technique were first compared with the analytical solutions for problems having regular and curved boundaries. For the regular boundary problem, the present results were also compared with that from the conventional finite difference method which is only suitable for treating regular meshes. Computations were then conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions with different mesh arrangements. These studies have shown that, if well implemented, this method not only maintains the inherent simplicity of the finite difference method, but also puts it into a more programmable and flexible formulation so that the geometric generality, such as that in the finite element method, can be achieved.
Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb): more effective than lactated Ringer's solution in restoring central venous oxygen saturation after hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) has been shown to reflect tissue oxygen consumption in hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this study was to test whether the “blood substitute” diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb™, Baxter Healthcare, Round Lake, IL) might be more effective than lactated Ringer's solution (LR) at restoring tissue oxygenation, as measured by ScvO2, when used as a resuscitative fluid following hemorrhage. Conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 gm) were bled through a jugular venous catheter to a target central venous base deficit of 15 ± 2 mmol/L. Animals were immediately resuscitated with either 10% DCLHb (1:1) or LR (3:1), based on shed blood volume, followed by a maintenance infusion of LR until completion of the experiment. Central venous blood was sampled at baseline, prior to resuscitation and every 15 minutes for the first hour following resuscitation. While the baseline and pre-resuscitation ScvO, values were not significantly different between groups, ScvO2 values we...
A Mechanism for the Dependence of Moisture Detection Sensitivity on Gas Composition in Residual Gas Analysis

The measurement of internal water vapor in semiconductor packages by Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) is complicated by the dependence of the detected signal on gas composition. In particular, the dependence on the percentage of O2 or H2 present is quite significant. The data presented show that the detected moisture signal contains an additive portion proportional to the percentage O2 or H2 present, but is independent of the true water present. A mechanism, sputtering or local heating in the ionizer of the mass spectrometer, is shown to account for this behavior.
Prospects for Treatment of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers with Ribavirin, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug

Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of Ebola virus) in cell culture systems. In model infections with arenaviruses in guinea pigs and monkeys, ribavirin has demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. In therapeutic studies it has not prevented late-onset neurologic disease. In human cases of Lassa fever, it significantly reduces mortality when administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. In rodents and monkeys infected with Rift Valley fever virus, ribavirin therapy resulted in reduced mortality; prophylactic administration to volunteers infected with sandfly fever virus, Sicilian strain, prevented development of illness. Ribavirin increased the number of survivors and the mean time to death in suckling mice infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and in suckling mice infected with Hantaan virus. In the People's Republic of China, ribavirin significantly reduced mortality in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Ribavirin has not been effective in animal models of filoviral and flaviviral infections. The only important adverse effect of ribavirin in humans is manageable, reversible anemia.
The immunologic effect of chlorphenesin on skin grafts in normal and thymectomized mice.

Abstract The effect of chlorphenesin (3- p -chlorophenoxy, 1,2-propanediol) on skin grafts in mice was studied. H-2 and non-H-2 combinations were used with and without chlorphenesin incubation of the graft. Chlorphenesin was found to have no effect on preventing rejection in CBA to A/Jax or CBA to C3H combinations regardless of route. Nevertheless, when the cellular response was diminished by themectomizing 3-day-old A/Jax mice significant additional prolongation was seen by treatment of the graft by chlorphenesin.
The complexity of dynamic programming

We provide tight lower bounds on the computational complexity of discretetime, stationary, infinite horizon, discounted stochastic control problems, for the case where the state space is continuous and the problem is to be solved approximately, within a specified accuracy. We study the dependence of the complexity on the desired accuracy and on the discount factor.
THE EFFECT OF OCCULUSIVE AND SEMIUPERMEABLE DRESSINGS ON THE MITOTIC ACTRIVITY OF NORMAL AND WOUDED HUMAN EPIDERMIS

Summary.— Occulusion has been shown to increase the rate of closure of superficial woulds. However, it has laos been shown to inhibit cell division both of psoriatic lesions and stripped skin. This work was undertaken to investigate further this appartent anomaly. Forur dressings—an occulsice, adhesive tape; the adhesive backing from thsi tape; a less occlusive adhesive tape; and an occulsive, non-adhesive film, were used to cover regions of normal and stripped skin for periods from 2 to 6 days. The results show a slight increase in mitotic rate and epidermal thickness of normal skin, under all dressings. These results are discussed and it is suggested that the less occlusive films might be of benefit in accelkerating the healing of wounds without adding the risk of infection seen under complete occulusion.
Why Consent May Not Be Needed For Organ Procurement

Most people think it is wrong to take organs from the dead if the potential donors had previously expressed a wish not to donate. Yet people respond differently to a thought experiment that seems analogous in terms of moral relevance to taking organs without consent. We argue that our reaction to the thought experiment is most representative of our deepest moral convictions. We realize not everyone will be convinced by the conclusions we draw from our thought experiment. Therefore, we point out that the state ignores consent in performing mandatory autopsies in some cases. If readers are willing to give up the permissibility of mandatory autopsies, we then offer some metaphysical arguments against posthumous harm. Drawing upon claims about bodies ceasing to exist at death and Epicurean-inspired arguments against posthumous interests, we make a case for an organ conscription policy which respects fundamental liberal principles of autonomy, bodily integrity, and property.
An investigation of high-frequency direction-finding errors caused by nearby vertical reradiators

The theory of reradiation from resonant conductors is reviewed, and the susceptibilities to error of three types of direction-finding aerial are compared. Measured errors due to reradiation confirm theoretical values derived from a simple expression in cases of thin linear conductors in simple resonant modes.
Upper-Extremity Torque Production in Men With Paraplegia Who Use Wheelchairs

Abstract Kotajarvi BR, Basford JR, An K-N. Upper-extremity torque production in men with paraplegia who use wheelchairs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:441-6 Objectives: To study maximal upper-extremity torque values and agonist/antagonist torque ratios in a sample of individuals with paraplegia and to compare these values with a sample of age-, gender-, and weight-matched able-bodied individuals. Design: Cross-sectional, case-control study. Setting: A biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A convenience sample of 15 men with complete (American Spinal Injury Association class A) T5–L2 paraplegia and 15 able-bodied control subjects. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal isometric torques of 12 upper-extremity muscle groups (shoulder, elbow, and wrist flexion and extension; shoulder abduction and adduction; shoulder internal and external rotation; elbow pronation and supination) were measured with custom dynamometers. Results: Maximal torque values and agonist/antagonist torque ratios for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist functions did not differ between the control subjects and those with complete paraplegia, with the exception of the supination/pronation torque ratio, which was significantly higher in the able-bodied control group. Conclusion: Wheelchair propulsion and other functional activities, such as transfers, do not significantly affect maximum torque production of the upper extremities in individuals with paraplegia. On the basis of these findings, arguments that upper-extremity muscle imbalances are important contributory factors to upper-extremity pain and dysfunction in this group may be too simplistic. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Extreme Microlensing toward the Galactic Bulge

Extreme microlensing events, defined as events with maximum magnification Amax 200, are a potentially powerful probe of the mass spectrum and spatial distribution of objects along lines of sight toward the Galactic bulge. About 30 yr-1 such events are expected for main-sequence sources with I0 < 19. For many of these it is possible to measure both a "proper motion" and a "parallax," that together would yield individual mass, distance, and transverse-speed determinations of the lensing object. The proper motion is determined from finite-source effects when the lens transits, or nearly transits, the source. The parallax is determined by observing the difference in the light curve as seen from two Earth observatories separated by about 1 Earth radius, R⊕. The size of the parallax effect is ~Amax R⊕/e, where e is the projected Einstein radius and can be of order 1%. Detection of candidate events requires a pixel-lensing search of the entire bulge once per day, preferably by at least two observatories on different continents. Follow-up observation must be carried out using optical/infrared photometry, with short (e.g., 1 minute) exposures on small ( 1 m) telescopes. Extreme microlensing observations toward the Large Magellanic Cloud do not appear feasible at the present time.
Harvesting, Routing, and Anastomosing the Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft

A technique to harvest, intrapleurally route, and anastomose the left internal mammary artery is described.
The structure of μ4-oxo-hexa-μ-bromo-tetra[amminecopper(II)]

Abstract The structure of Cu 4 OBr 6 (NH 3 ) 4 has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes as tetragonal crystal (a = 9.004(10) A, c = 9.731(13) A) of space group P42 1 c with two molecules per unit cell (d calc. = 3.44 g/cm 3 ; d obs = 3.35 g/cm 3 . The structure, which is similar to that found for other μ 4 -oxo complexes, consists of a central oxide ion coordinated tetrahedrally to four copper(II) ions; the copper(II) ions are bridged in pairs by the six bromide ions and the ammonia molecules complete the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination of the copper(II) ions. The average interatomic distances are: CuCu, 3.12 A; CuO, 1.93 A; CuBr, 2.54 A, CuN, 1.98 A; The CuBrCu angle is 76.5°.
Video laryngoscopy is associated with increased first pass success and decreased rate of esophageal intubations during urgent endotracheal intubation in a medical intensive care unit when compared to direct laryngoscopy.

Background:To compare the complication rates of urgent endotracheal intubation (UEI) performed by pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows and attending intensivists using a direct laryngoscope (DL) versus a video laryngoscope (VL) in a medical intensive care unit (MICU).Methods:We studied all UEIs performed from November 2008 through July 2012 in an 18-bed MICU in a university-affiliated hospital. All UEIs were performed by 15 PCCM fellows or attending intensivists using only the DL from November 2008 through February 2010 and the VL from March 2010 to July 2012. Throughout the entire study period, the UEI team leader recorded complications of the procedure using a standard data collection form immediately following the completion of the procedure. This permitted a comparison of complication rates between the DL and the VL.Results:A total of 140 UEIs were performed using the DL and 252 using the VL. Using the DL, the esophageal intubation rate was 19% and the difficult intubation rate was 22%; usi...
Structural relaxation of a metallic glass near equilibrium

The non-linear viscosity change as a result of structural relaxation near equilibrium, at temperatures below and above the fictive temperature, has been measured for amorphous Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5. The viscosity increase is best described by bimolecular annihilation kinetics of flow defects. The viscosity decrease is described equally well by either unimolecular or bimolecular creation kinetics of flow defects. From the asymptotic values of the model fits to the data, the equilibrium viscosity was determined. Over the temperature range 608 to 630 K, the temperature dependence of the equilibrium viscosity, ηeq, of Pd77.5Cu6S16.5 is well described by the Fulcher-Vogel equation.
ALKYLATED POLY(4-HYDROXYSTYRENE) DERIVATIVES FOR DEEP ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY

Alkylated Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) copolymers have been prepared and evaluated for use in deep-uv lithography. These materials have been modified to lower the dissolution rates of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) while maintaining the other desirable properties such as optical absorbance, glass transition temperature, and etch resistance. Lower dissolution rates make these polymers more attractive for application in dissolution inhibition resist schemes. The application of these materials to resists employing diazo compound inhibitors and three component resists using acid photogenerators and acid-sensitive dissolution inhibitors is described.
The romance of college attendance: Higher education stratification and mate selection ☆

Abstract Educational achievement has increasingly replaced ascriptive social background as a factor structuring marital choice and generating homogamous unions. Analyzing data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine a particular aspect of this larger phenomenon by focusing on the extent to which institutional stratification across colleges contributed to social inequality through spousal selection for individuals who completed college by the mid-1970s. We demonstrate that one-third of college graduates who married/cohabitated with an individual with similar educational attainment married/cohabitated with someone who attended colleges with identical institutional characteristics. We also find that college stratification structured marital choices regarding the social and economic resources partners bring to marriage or cohabitating unions: women's more elite college attendance was associated with marrying/cohabitating with a man with higher subsequent annual income; while men's more elite college attendance was associated with marrying/cohabitating with a woman from more privileged social origins.
Identification of potential genomic biomarkers for Sjögren’s syndrome using data pooling of gene expression microarrays

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands. The diagnosis of SS can be challenging due to lack of a specific test for the disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy of using gene expression profile for diagnosis of SS. We identified 9 publically available datasets that included gene expression data from saliva and salivary gland biopsy samples of 52 patients with SS and 51 controls. Out of these datasets, we compiled and pooled data from three datasets that included 37 and 29 samples from SS patients and healthy controls, respectively, which were designated as "training set." Then, we performed cross-listing in a group of independent gene expression datasets from patients with SS to identify consensus gene list of differentially expressed genes. We performed Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to quantify the accuracy of discriminating genes to predict SS in both the "training set" and an independent group of datasets that was designated as "test set." We identified 55 genes as potential classifier genes to differentiate SS from healthy controls. An LDA by leave-one-out cross-validation method identified 19 genes (EPSTI1, IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, OAS1, SAMD9L, PSMB9, STAT1, HERC5, EV12B, CD53, SELL, HLA-DQA1, PTPRC, B2M, and TAP2) with highest classification accuracy rate (95.7 %). Moreover, we validated our results by reproducing the same gene expression profile as a discriminatory test in the "test set," which included data from salivary gland samples of 15 patients with SS and 22 controls with 94.6 % accuracy. We propose that gene expression profile in the saliva or salivary glands could represent a promising simple and reproducible diagnostic biomarker for SS.
Origin of pressure effects on regioselectivity and enantioselectivity in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene with (S,S,S)-BisDiazaphos.

Gas pressure influences the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity of aryl alkene hydroformylation as catalyzed by rhodium complexes of the BisDiazaphos ligand. Deuterioformylation of styrene at 80 °C results in extensive deuterium incorporation into the terminal position of the recovered styrene. This result establishes that rhodium hydride addition to form a branched alkyl rhodium occurs reversibly. The independent effect of carbon monoxide and hydrogen partial pressures on regioselectivity and enantioselectivity were measured. From 40 to 120 psi, both regioisomer (b:l) and enantiomer (R:S) ratios are proportional to the carbon monoxide partial pressure but approximately independent of the hydrogen pressure. The absolute rate for linear aldehyde formation was found to be inhibited by carbon monoxide pressure, whereas the rate for branched aldehyde formation is independent of CO pressure up to 80 psi; above 80 psi one observes the onset of inhibition. The carbon monoxide dependence of the rate and enant...
Technique of leukocyte harvesting and labeling: problems and perspectives

Mixed leukocyte suspensions obtained after gravity sedimentation of red cells and labeled with 111In lipophilic chelates are now widely used clinically for abscess localization at many medical centers. So far, labeling with 111In-oxine or tropolone has been more successful than any 99mTc method. More sophisticated approaches are available for isolation and labeling of specific leukocyte cell types, to study their migration in vivo. The most significant advances in cell harvesting include newer density gradients for isopyknic centrifugation (nonionic contrast media such as Nycodenz and Percoll, PVP-coated colloidal silica), centrifugal elutriation, and flow cytometry. Unlike current radioactive agents which label many cell types indiscriminately, more selective ligands are being developed which bind to specific cell surface receptors. These will label certain leukocyte populations or subtypes while not reacting with others, thereby avoiding laborious separation techniques. Monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte cell-surface antigens appear particularly promising as agents for selective cell labeling.
Textural Differentiation on the Shore Face during Erosional Retreat of AN Unconsolidated Coast, Cape Henry to Cape Hatteras, Western North Atlantic Shelf

In order to evaluate a model of Holocene shelf sediment distribution requiring a nearshore modern sand facies and an offshore relict sand facies, we have undertaken a textural reconnaissance of the Virginia-North Carolina Coast between Capes Henry and Hatteras. Grab samples were subjected to grain-size analysis by means of a modified Woods Hole Rapid Sediment Analyser. Textural provinces were erected with the aid of factor vector analysis. These include medium-grained sands of the beach and surf zones; seaward fining, fine-grained sands of the shore face, and heterogenous sands of the sea floor. In this latter province, grain size is controlled by a ridge and swale topography, with coarser sand on the crests. Coast-wise grain-size trends on the beach and shore face can be explained by assuming that wave heights increase toward the south, and that the Pleistocene sediment source is exposed higher on the shore face in the north than it is in the south. The shore face is retrograding, except in the vicinity of Diamond Shoals. There is textural evidence for a former Albemarle River channel, which bisects the study area. A model for sediment fractionation on a retreating barrier coast with low sediment input is proposed, based on studies which indicate that on such coasts: (1) barrier superstructures retreat more or less continuously by upper shore-face erosion and storm washover; and (2) lower shore-face erosion results in an equal-volume aggradation of the adjacent sea floor, and forms the leading edge of the Holocene transgressive sand sheet. The nearshore “modern” sands and offshore “relict” sands are both present in the study area, but the terms are unnecessarily restrictive. Both are “relict” in the sense of being derived from a Pleistocene substrate, and both are “modern” in the sense of having undergone adjustment to a modern hydraulic regime. While modern and relict are useful general terms, it is convenient in this area to refer to a Holocene barrier sand prism, versus a Holocene transgressive sand sheet.
Electron Microscopy of Rhamnolipid (Biosurfactant) Morphology: Effects of pH, Cadmium, and Octadecane

A rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 is reported to increase the aqueous dispersion and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and to complex heavy metals. These reports indicate the potential for application of rhamnolipids in remediation of contaminated sites. Effective use of rhamnolipids will require understanding of rhamnolipid morphology and the effects of pH and organic and inorganic contaminants on that morphology. We used cryo-transmission electron microscopy to investigate the morphology of vitrified, frozen hydrated suspensions of rhamnolipid over a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0, and to determine the effect of a model alkane, octadecane, and a model heavy metal, cadmium, on rhamnolipid morphology. Micrographs clearly showed that rhamnolipid morphology was a function of pH, changing from lamellar, to vesicular, to micellar as pH increased. The effect of cadmium and octadecane on rhamnolipid morphology was determined at pH 6.8 and 7.0, where maximum cadmium complexation and maximum octadecane dispersion occurs. Cadmium seemed to stabilize rhamnolipid vesicle structures as shown by an increase in vesicle number and a decrease in vesicle diameter. In contrast, octadecane favored the micellar structure as shown by the complete absence of vesicles.
Translational competition as a possible basis of modulation in retinal pigment cell cultures.

A theory is suggested that new messenger RNA produced by rapidly growing primary monolayer cultures of chick retinal pigment cells competes for translation with existing tyrosinase messenger RNA and dilutes out tyrosinase synthesis. A correlation between the rapid loss of tyrosinase synthesis and an early increase in the rate of new RNA synthesis is consistent with thsi theory. Protein synthesis increases at a lower rate than RNA synthesis, and rapid DNA synthesis occurs later. When monolayer cultures become crowded, the cells begin synthesizing melanin at a more rapid rate; there is also a decrease in the rates of both RNA and protein synthesis. A persistent low level of melanin synthesis in older cultures suggests that tyrosinase genes may remain continually active and that some tyrosinase synthesis leaks through the competition barrier. Two additional observations support a translational competition theory. If new RNA synthesis in cultured cells is blocked by the inhibitor actinomycin D, then tyrosinase synthesis continues instead of almost disappearing by 12 hours of culture. Secondly, an estimate of tyrosinase messenger RNA stability, using actinomycin D, illustrates that it is more stable than is indicated by the early decrease in tyrosinase synthesis. For this reason some mechanism other than tyrosinase gene inactivation seems to be a necessary cause of the decrease in tyrosinase synthesis observed early in culture. The possibility is discussed that translational competition may occur in other examples of cellular dedifferentiation.
Theoretical study of the electronic states of MgC

Abstract The singlet, triplet, and quinted states of MgC below about 30000 cm − are studied theoretically to facilitate spectroscopic studies of this molecule. The B 3 Σ − −X 3 Σ − band system in the visible appears to be best transition to characterize the X 3 Σ − ground state. Our best estimate for the bond length of the X 3 Σ − state of MgC is 2.071 ± 0.002 A, which includes an estimate of the important core—valence correlation effects using the core polarization method. The MgC + molecule is calculated to have a 4 Σ − ground state and a low-lying 2 Π excited state. The adiabatic ionization potential of MgC is computed to be 7.74 eV.
Investigating high school students' conceptualizations of the biological basis of learning.

Students go to school to learn. How much, however, do students understand about the biological basis of this everyday process? Blackwell et al. (1) demonstrated a correlation between education abou...
Flow field mapping by multi-zone adiabatic passage excitation☆

Abstract This paper describes a robust method for flow field mapping by multi-zone adiabatic fast passage (AFP). It provides a quick and simple way to simultaneously acquire flow profiles at several locations and arbitrary orientations inside the field-of-view. The flow profile is the time-averaged evolution of the labeled flowing material. Results obtained using a carotid bifurcation and jet phantoms are similar to the previous experimental studies employing Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), and other flow visualization techniques. In addition, the preliminary results abtained with a human volunteer support the feasibility of the technique for in vivo flow quantification.
High resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for symmetrical orthodihalobenzenes including long-range 13CH couplings

Abstract Analysis of high resolution 13 C NMR spectra for symmetrical orthodihalobenzenes have provided all long-range 13 CH coupling values in orthodichloro-, dibromo-, and diiodobenzene. Furthermore, since the analyses were sensitive to the sign of the coupling constants, the relative signs of these long-range 13 CH couplings have been determined from unique spectral fits. The substituent effects on the chemical shifts in this series of compounds appear to be additive. The 13 CH couplings are compared with coupling values in other compounds and are shown to be related to substituent electronegativity. The absolute magnitude of the 13 CH couplings for these halogen-substituted compounds are larger than those observed in benzene, with but one exception. In all cases, three-bonded 13 CH couplings are found to be larger than the two-bond values.
RIF1 in DNA Break Repair Pathway Choice

New findings on the RIF1 protein by four research groups, including Chapman et al. (2013) and Escribano-Diaz et al. (2013) in this issue, provide insights into DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice in mammalian cells.
Salmonella choleraesuis (variety Kunzendorf) bacteriemia complicating streptococcal sore throat

Summary A case of S. choleraesuis (variety Kunzendorf) bacteriemia complicating or concomitant with streptococcal sore throat is described. The relationship of the two diseases is discussed.
Marriage and Family Counseling: Ethics in Context

Codes of ethics typically provide rules and guidelines for best practices in marriage and family counseling. An emerging model for ethical decision making emphasizes the ethics of virtues and aspirations. Exploring fundamental models of helping, as well as contemporary issues in community systems, affords context for examining the professional development of marriage and family counseling. Dialectical reasoning, professional discourse, and case study present means by which 21st-century marriage and family counselors can resolve ethical dilemmas.
Reductive amination of lactose: unusual 13C-N.M.R. spectroscopic properties of N-alkyl-(1-deoxylactitol-1-yl)amines☆

Abstract Lactose was reductively aminated with selected alkylamines and sodium cyanoborohydride in boiling methanol in the presence of a weak organic acid. In alkaline solution, the N-alkyl-(1-deoxylactitol-1-yl)amines exhibited unusual behavior that was reflected by peak splitting in the 13C-n.m.r. spectra of the β- d -galactopyranosyl- and d -glucitol-1-yl C-1 resonances. Anisotropic effects, documented by longitudinal relaxation-time measurements, suggest that motion in the carbohydrate region of the N-alkyl-(1-deoxylactitol-1-yl)amines is restricted by intermolecular interactions at high pH.
On Gauge Theories With Heavy Higgs Bosons

Abstract Since a Higgs boson mass MH of the order 1 TeV is not unnatural in Weinberg-Salam type models, we look for corrections to the tree-level predictions due to a large MH. Our analysis indicates that (i) for energies far below MH, all such effects are shielded by several powers of the weak coupling constant g, (ii) the shielding disappears and a strongly interacting scalar sector should manifest itself around MH and beyond. The strongly low-energy suppression is shown to be a consequence of the chiral symmetry of the Higgs sector.
Pegloticase: A new biologic for treating advanced gout

Although pharmacologic therapies for hyperuricemia in patients with gout have been well established and are reasonably effective, a small proportion of patients are refractory to treatment and/or present with articular disease so severe as to render standard treatments inadequate. Pegloticase, a PEGylated mammalian urate oxidase with a novel mechanism of action, was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of chronic gout in adult patients refractory to conventional therapy. This paper outlines the development of this unique agent and provides details of the Phase III clinical trial program. A discussion of patient selection, treatment considerations, and risk management for infused pegloticase follows. As a new class of biologic agent offering documented and dramatic effects on lowering serum uric acid and remarkably rapid outcomes in resolving tophi, pegloticase can provide safe and effective management of hyperuricemia and gout for many patients, particularly those who have a high disease burden ...
A regression model test of the overall correctness of financial statements

Focus is placed in this paper on the statistically audited accounts of a financial statement. It is shown that individual accounts can be materially correct and yet the overall financial statement ...
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing for Health Care Workers

A critical incident may be defined as a life-threatening crisis that requires rescue or emergency care. These incidents evoke strong emotional responses from health care workers. Some of the respon...
Automated tool monitoring system using vision system for a robotic cell

Abstract Unattended machining of manufacturing parts is not attainable without the assistance of some type of automated tool monitoring capabilities. This paper describes the elements of an integrated manufacturing cell consisting of a vision system and a robot equipped with a drill. The vision system has a two-fold function: tool monitoring and part recognition. The developed algorithms and methodology for tool monitoring have been described with actual results of a drilling operation. In addition, a summary of the part recognition procedure is also included.
The influence of different soil types on the fate of phenol and its biodegradation products

Abstract The degradation of [14C]-phenol by Pseudomonas putida was determined in the presence of three different sorbents. Phenol degradation resulted in an increased retention of the residual radioactive compounds by each of the sorbents. Catechol, which is more sorptive than phenol, was the only aromatic degradation product that was identified in the aqueous phase of each experiment. The greater sorption of catechol indicates that compounds that are degraded via catechol intermediates may be less mobile and more persistent in the subsurface environment.
MAP2 expression in the developing human fetal spinal cord and following xenotransplantation

Abstract Human fetal spinal cord (FSC) tissue was obtained from elective abortions at 6–14 wk gestational age (GA). The specimens were then either immediately processed for immunohistochemical analysis or xenotransplantation. In the latter case, donor tissue was prepared as a dissociated cell suspension and then introduced either subpially or intraspinally into contusion lesions of the adult rat midthoracic spinal cord. The xenografts were subsequently examined by conventional histological and immunohistochemical methods at 2–3 mo postgrafting. Immunostaining showed that MAP2 was expressed heavily in cells residing in the mantle layer of the human fetal spinal cord in situ as early as 6 wk GA. Subpial and intraparenchymal xenografts also were intensely immunoreactive for MAP2, but no staining of surrounding host neural tissue was detected. We conclude that the differential expression of MAP2 can be used to distinguish human graft tissue from the surrounding rat spinal cord in this xenograft paradigm. Under appropriate staining conditions, MAP2 can thus serve to facilitate analyses of host-graft integration, donor cell migration, and neuritic outgrowth.
Therapist self-disclosure with children, adolescents, and their parents

Many therapists who work with children and adolescents make extensive use of self-disclosure. However, these interventions have received little attention in the literature, and the basis for using them has not been well established. A developmental/relational perspective on the therapeutic process provides a cogent foundation using therapist self-disclosure with children, adolescents, and their parents. Therapist self-disclosure facilitates the negotiation of many important therapeutic tasks. Clinicians working with children and adolescents almost always work concurrently with parents, yet the nature of this work has not been clearly conceptualized. I advance a collaborative model for parent work, highlighting the essential role of therapist self-disclosure. Extensive clinical examples of therapist self-disclosure with children, adolescents, and their parents are provided.
Target patterns induced by fixed nanoparticles in block copolymer films.

It is well-known that thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers (BCP) can exhibit a transition from a perpendicular to a parallel cylinder orientation with respect to the supporting solid sub...
Characterization and crystal structures of some fluorinated imides

Abstract The previously known, but not well-characterized, fluorinated imides, trifluoroacetyltrifluoroacetimide, HN(C(O)CF3)2 (1), acetyltrifluoroacetimide, HN(C(O)CH3)C(O)CF3 (2), and dichlorophosphoryltrifluoroacetimide, HN(P(O)Cl2)C(O)CF3 (3), have been shown to be moderately strong acids in aqueous solution; the first two compounds have pKa’s of 2.0 and 2.1 while the last compound consumes three equivalents of base per mole of imide owing to the hydrolyzable chlorine atoms. All three imides show a window of electrochemical inactivity on platinum from 0 to near +2.0 V. On vitreous carbon, (1) and (2) are inactive from –1.0 to +1.5 V and (3) from –1.0 to +1.0 V (vs. SCE). (1) crystallizes in a body-centered tetragonal unit cell while (2) and (3) crystallize in monoclinic unit cells. Hydrogen-bonded chains are formed in (1) and (2) and hydrogen-bonded dimers are formed in (3). The compounds were further characterized by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis.
TRPC1 functions as a store-operated Ca2+ channel in intestinal epithelial cells and regulates early mucosal restitution after wounding

An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) results from Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and extracellular Ca2+ influx through Ca2+-permeable ion channels and is crucial for...
How Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induce Regulatory T Cells

Since their discovery by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, dendritic cells (DCs) have become increasingly recognized for their crucial role as regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are exquisitely adept at acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells. They also adjust the context (and hence the outcome) of antigen presentation in response to a plethora of environmental inputs that signal the occurrence of pathogens or tissue damage. Such signals generally boost DC maturation, which promotes their migration from peripheral tissues into and within secondary lymphoid organs and their capacity to induce and regulate effector T cell responses. Conversely, more recent observations indicate that DCs are also crucial to ensure immunological peace. Indeed, DCs constantly present innocuous self- and nonself-antigens in a fashion that promotes tolerance, at least in part, through the control of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are specialized T cells that exert their immunosuppressive function through a variety of mechanisms affecting both DCs and effector cells. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between tolerogenic DCs and Tregs.
The propagation time of a radio pulse

The propagation of the ground-wave pulse between points on the ground is of considerable practical importance, particularly in the application of the Loran-C navigation system to the absolute time synchronization of geographically separated clocks. Thus, the envelope of the pulse is frequently used to remove ambiguities which would otherwise result from the pulse synchronization at the characteristic or carrier frequency of the pulse. The propagation of the ground wave over finitely conducting ground modifies the propagation time of the tagged point-in-time on the envelope by amounts which may be sufficiently large as to cause cycle ambiguity \pm \pi radians at the carrier or characteristic frequency of the pulse. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to investigate the magnitude of this error by ascertaining the true signal velocity as determined by tagging a point-in-time on the leading edge of a groundwave pulse and calculating the time corrections for various ground conductivities and distances. These calculations can then be applied to resolve the \pm \pi radians ambiguity of the precision phase velocity instrumentation for Loran-C especially when the system is used for absolute-time synchronization.