cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late-onset renal failure after liver transplantation: role of posttransplant alcohol use.

Background. Late-onset renal failure is being increasingly recognized as a complication in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, its precise incidence, predisposing risk factors, and impact on outcome after liver transplantation, have not been defined. Methods. The development of late-onset renal failure (defined as serum creatinine persistently >2.0 mg/dl, occurring more than 6 months posttransplant) was assessed in 120 consecutive liver transplant recipients who survived at least 6 months after transplantation. Fifty-seven percent (68/120) of the patients had undergone transplantation for liver disease due to HCV. The median follow-up was 5 years. Results. Late-onset renal failure developed in 28% (33/120) of the patients. Posttransplant alcohol use (P=0.0001), posttransplant diabetes (P=0.0042), and recurrent HCV hepatitis (P=0.019) were significantly associated with late onset renal failure. In multivariate analysis, alcohol use (O.R. 10.7, 95%; CI 2.4-35.9, P=0.001) and diabetes (O.R. 2.1, 95%; CI 1.1-9.9, P=.03) were independently significant predictors of late onset renal failure. When only patients transplanted for HCV were analyzed, posttransplant alcohol use (P=0.004) was the only significant independent predictor of late-onset renal failure. HCV genotype 1b, as compared with other HCV genotypes, was associated with a higher rate of late-onset renal failure in patients with HCV; 70% of the patients with genotype 1b versus 32% of those with 1a and 33% of those with 2b, developed late onset renal failure (P=0.03). At a median follow up of 5 years, mortality in patients with HCV with late-onset renal failure was 52% as compared with 2% in those without renal failure (P=.0001). Conclusion. Late-onset renal failure in patients with HCV portended a grave outcome. Alcohol use was an independent predictor of late-onset renal failure in patients with HCV and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for late-onset renal failure in these patients.
Adolescents' conceptualisations of depression (a helpful label, chronic medical problem, or personality characteristic) affected their attitudes and decisions about treatment.

Wisdom JP, Green CA. “Being in a funk”: teens’ efforts to understand their depressive experiences. Qual Health Res 2004;14:1227–38. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Q How do adolescents with depression experience and understand the disease? How do they interpret the medical diagnosis? Modified grounded theory. Oregon and Washington state, USA. A purposive sample of 15 adolescents 14–19 years of age (mean age 16 y, 53% girls) who were diagnosed with depression was recruited from a non-profit, group model, health maintenance organisation. Most were no longer receiving treatment. 13 adolescents participated in individual 90 minute interviews; 2 were interviewed by telephone. Questions focused on reasons for depression and the process of examining their feelings and determining whether they needed professional help. Interviews were tape recorded, and field notes documented additional information such as non-verbal communication. Tapes and field notes were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using constant comparison. A theoretical, chronological scheme was developed based on participants’ descriptions of their experiences. (1) Growth of distress . Many teens wished to return to the time before they became depressed. They described the slow growth of distress over months or years, from imperceptible to incapacitating. Often, a specific event (eg, parental divorce or death of a relative or friend) triggered the growth of distress … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DQualitative%2BHealth%2BResearch%26rft.stitle%253DQual%2BHealth%2BRes%26rft.issn%253D1049-7323%26rft.aulast%253DWisdom%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BP.%26rft.volume%253D14%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D1227%26rft.epage%253D1238%26rft.atitle%253D%2522Being%2Bin%2Ba%2BFunk%2522%253A%2BTeens%2527%2BEfforts%2Bto%2BUnderstand%2BTheir%2BDepressive%2BExperiences%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1177%252F1049732304268657%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15448297%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=spqhr&resid=14/9/1227&atom=%2Febnurs%2F8%2F3%2F93.atom
EVALUATION OF A WATERSHED MODEL FOR ESTIMATING DAILY FLOW USING LIMITED FLOW MEASUREMENTS

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was evaluated for estimation of continuous daily flow based on limited flow measurements in the Upper Oyster Creek (UOC) watershed. SWAT was calibrated against limited measured flow data and then validated. The Nash-Sutcliffe model Efficiency (NSE) and mean relative error values of daily flow estimations were 0.66 and 15% for calibration, and 0.56 and 4% for validation, respectively. Also, further evaluation of the model's estimation of flow at multiple locations was conducted with parametric paired t-test and nonparametric sign test at a 95% confidence level. Among the five main stem stations, four stations were statistically shown to have good agreement between predicted and measured flows. SWAT underestimated the flow of the fifth main stem station possibly because of the existence of complex flood control measures near to the station. SWAT estimated the daily flow at one tributary station well, but with relatively large errors for the other two tributaries. The spatial pattern of predicted flows matched the measured ones well. Overall, it was concluded from the graphical comparisons and statistical analyses of the model results that SWAT was capable of reproducing continuous daily flows based on limited flow data as is the case in the UOC watershed.
Methods for estimating intrinsic viscosity

A number of equations are suggested for estimating intrinsic viscosity from one measurement of relative viscosity at a convenient concentration. Experimental data illustrate the validity of the equations.
Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor Phosphorylation on Ser-4 Regulates Emerin Binding to Lamin A In Vitro and Emerin Localization In Vivo

Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) is a conserved 10-kDa chromatin protein essential in proliferating cells. BAF dimers bind double-stranded DNA, histone H3, histone H1.1, lamin A, and transcription regulators, plus emerin and other LEM-domain nuclear proteins. Two-dimensional gel analysis showed that endogenous human and Xenopus BAF are posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation and potentially other modifications and that they are hyperphosphorylated during mitosis. The invariant Ser-4 residue on BAF is a major site of phosphorylation during both interphase and mitosis. In HeLa cells that overexpressed the phosphomimetic BAF missense mutant S4E, but not S4A, emerin mislocalized from the nuclear envelope, suggesting Ser-4-nonphosphorylated BAF normally promotes emerin localization at the nuclear envelope. Supporting this model, wild-type BAF but not mutant S4E enhanced emerin binding to lamin A in vitro. Thus, Ser-4-unphosphorylated BAF has a positive role in localizing emerin; this role may be disease relevant because loss or mislocalization of emerin causes Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Our findings further suggest Ser-4 phosphorylation inhibits BAF binding to emerin and lamin A, and thereby weakens emerin-lamin interactions during both mitosis and interphase.
Crystal structure of the amino-terminal fragment of vaccinia virus DNA topoisomerase I at 1.6 å resolution

Abstract Background Vaccinia virus, a cytoplasmically-replicating poxvirus, encodes a type I DNA topoisomerase that is biochemically similar to eukaryotic-like DNA topoisomerases I, and which has been widely studied as a model topoisomerase. It is the smallest topoisomerase known and is unusual in that it is resistant to the potent chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin. Results The crystal structure of a 9kDa amino terminal fragment of vaccinia virus DNA topoisomerase I has been determined at 1.6 a resolution. The fragment forms a five-stranded, anti-parallel β -sheet with two short α -helices and connecting loops. Residues that are conserved between all eukaryotic-like type I topoisomerases are not clustered in particular regions of the structure. Conclusions This is the first atomic structure of any region of a eukaryotic-like DNA topoisomerase I. It has provided insights into the structural bases of the phenotypes of some single-site mutants of the intact topoisomerase. The structure has enabled us to study the interactions within a well-folded protein fragment. and the camptothecin resistance of the viral topoisomerase.
Photoadaptation of vitiliginous skin to targeted ultraviolet B phototherapy

Background: Increasing doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation are tolerated in patients with vitiligo, due to photoadaptation. In this pilot study, five patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV–VI with vitiligo received six treatments of targeted UVB phototherapy over a 3-week period. Methods: To investigate photoadaptation, minimal erythema dose (MED) testing was conducted on treated and untreated vitiliginous and normal skin at baseline and after three and six treatments. One patient had unattainable MED values, and was hence excluded. Results: Percent change in MED from before to after all treatments in vitiliginous skin ranged from 0% to 128%, with a mean of 48.8%. Conclusion: The pilot phase of this study suggests possible photoadaptation of vitiliginous skin of some patients to targeted UVB phototherapy.
The origins of perchlorate in the Martian soil

Perchlorate (ClO4−) has been detected on Mars, but its production and distribution are unclear. Mechanisms requiring atmospheric chlorine are insufficient for measured concentrations. We conducted studies under Mars conditions using halite (NaCl) alone, soil simulants consisting of silica (SiO2), Fe2O3, Al2O3, and TiO2. After 170 h irradiation, samples analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) showed ClO4− and ClO3− present in all samples. When SiO2 was added, yield increased from 2 to 42 nmol and 0.4 to 2.6 nmol, respectively. We attribute this to SiO2 and metal oxides acting as photocatalysts, generating O2− radicals from O2 which react with chloride. Results show ClO4− and ClO3− can be produced photochemically on Cl minerals without atmospheric chlorine or aqueous conditions, and explain high concentration of ClO4− and ClO4−/Cl− ratios detected by Phoenix. They provide evidence that its distribution on Mars is dictated by distribution of chlorine and provide insight into the oxidizing nature of the soil and its potential effects on organics.
Hoarseness in Children

Voice disturbances in children are very common and usually of a benign etiology. Articulation disorders are more commonly addressed by a pediatric speech pathologist. Dysphonias often require the expertise of a voice therapist. Laryngoscopy, whether flexible, rigid, or both, is considered the “gold standard” for making a correct diagnosis. A complete history is key in establishing the etiology of childhood voice disturbances. Associated medical conditions, particularly extraesophageal reflux disease and allergic rhinitis, need to be investigated and treated to achieve a successful outcome.
Geothrix fermentans Secretes Two Different Redox-Active Compounds To Utilize Electron Acceptors across a Wide Range of Redox Potentials

The current understanding of dissimilatory metal reduction is based primarily on isolates from the proteobacterial genera Geobacter and Shewanella. However, environments undergoing active Fe(III) reduction often harbor less-well-studied phyla that are equally abundant. In this work, electrochemical techniques were used to analyze respiratory electron transfer by the only known Fe(III)-reducing representative of the Acidobacteria, Geothrix fermentans. In contrast to previously characterized metal-reducing bacteria, which typically reach maximal rates of respiration at electron acceptor potentials of 0 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), G. fermentans required potentials as high as 0.55 V to respire at its maximum rate. In addition, G. fermentans secreted two different soluble redox-active electron shuttles with separate redox potentials (-0.2 V and 0.3 V). The compound with the lower midpoint potential, responsible for 20 to 30% of electron transfer activity, was riboflavin. The behavior of the higher-potential compound was consistent with hydrophilic UV-fluorescent molecules previously found in G. fermentans supernatants. Both electron shuttles were also produced when cultures were grown with Fe(III), but not when fumarate was the electron acceptor. This study reveals that Geothrix is able to take advantage of higher-redox-potential environments, demonstrates that secretion of flavin-based shuttles is not confined to Shewanella, and points to the existence of high-potential-redox-active compounds involved in extracellular electron transfer. Based on differences between the respiratory strategies of Geothrix and Geobacter, these two groups of bacteria could exist in distinctive environmental niches defined by redox potential.
Demographic Change and Fiscal Stress on Michigan

The author ponders the effects of demographic change - an aging population - on Michigan's tax base. The evolving demography interacting with the preferential income tax treatment of seniors is likely to contribute to fiscal stress in the long run, the author suggests.
The Long - and Unfinished Road - to Globally Regulating Small Arms and Light Weapons

While combating the transport and distribution of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has garnered impressive international action this decade, a 15-year journey to regulate the equally deadly and destabilizing “small arms and light weapons” (SALW) has thus far failed to produce a comprehensive treaty. Reaching consensus on how to regulate the transfer and distribution of the AK-47 and the more than 600 million SALW has proved particularly challenging because it requires balancing national security interests with internationally accepted regulatory protocols.
Developmental Biology of Apanteles yakutatensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Primary Parasite of Autographa californica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The developmental biology of Apanteles yakutatensis (Ashm.), a primary, gregarious, larval endoparasite of Autographa californica (Speyer) was investigated. Adult parasites live an average of 18.0 (females) and 16.5 (males) days when fed a 30% honeywater solution. With water only, adult parasites (both sexes) live an average of 2.5 days. Three larval instars were observed. The first instar is mandibulate, while the others are hymenopteriform. Larvae require 162 degree-days above 10.5°C and pupae 85 degree-days above 9.4°C to complete development. Developmental time from egg to pupa is 10.5 days at 26°C. Host age at parasitization has no significant effect on development times of A. yakutatensis at 26°C. However, the host age at parasitization does affect the time required for the host to reach the prepupal phase, the stage from which larvae of A. yakutatensis exit the host. Hosts parasitized as fourth instar larvae exhibit a supernumary instar and require a longer time to reach the prepupal stage than do those parasitized as younger instars. Hosts parasitized as first instar larvae died. The number of A. yakutatensis larvae per host does not affect the percentage of parasite larvae successfully emerging from an individual host. There is a weak negative relationship between number of parasite larvae per host and mean weight of parasite adults.
Impact of bowel preparation type on the quality of colonoscopy: a multicenter community-based study.

Background : High-quality bowel preparation is crucial for achieving the goals of colonoscopy. However, choosing a bowel preparation in clinical practice can be challenging because of the many formulations. This study aims to assess the impact the type of bowel preparation on the quality of colonoscopy in a community hospital setting. Methods : A retrospective, observational study was conducted utilizing a colonoscopy screening/surveillance database in central Illinois during the period of January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2014. Patients without bowel preparation assessment were excluded from this study. Controlling for the confounders, generalized linear models were used to estimate the adjusted impact [odds ratio (OR)] of bowel preparation type on the quality of preparation (excellent, good, fair, and poor), and on the detection of advanced adenoma. The association between the time of withdrawal after insertion and the quality of preparation was also examined using a linear model. Results : A total of 28,368 colonoscopies; half the patients were male, and the average age was 61±9 years. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used in the majority (70.2%) of bowel preparations, followed by sodium sulfate (21.4%), sodium phosphate (2.5%), magnesium sulfate (0.4%), and others. Compared with PEG, magnesium sulfate had a poorer quality of bowel preparations (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9; p <0.05), whereas the quality of bowel preparation was significantly improved by using sodium sulfate (OR=5.7, 95% CI 5.4–6.1; p <0.001) and sodium phosphate (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.8–2.5; p <0.001). For those who had adequate bowel preparation, the better quality of preparation significantly increased the detection rate of advanced adenoma (5.0, 3.6, and 2.9% for excellent, good, and fair, respectively). Conclusion : When possible, sodium sulfate–based preparations should be recommended in the community setting for colonoscopy because of their high quality of bowel preparation. Keywords: sodium sulfate; polyethylene glycol; bowel prep; colonoscopy (Published: 25 April 2016) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2016, 6 : 31074 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.31074
Photothermal therapy of glioblastoma multiforme using multiwalled carbon nanotubes optimized for diffusion in extracellular space.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor with a 5 year overall survival rate of approximately 5%. Currently, no therapy is curative and all have significant side effects. Focal thermal ablative therapies are being investigated as a new therapeutic approach. Such therapies can be enhanced using nanotechnology. Carbon nanotube mediated thermal therapy (CNMTT) uses lasers that emit near-infrared radiation to excite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) localized to the tumor to generate heat needed for thermal ablation. Clinical translation of CNMTT for GBM will require development of effective strategies to deliver CNTs to tumors, clear structure–activity and structure–toxicity evaluation, and an understanding of the effects of inherent and acquired thermotolerance on the efficacy of treatment. In our studies, we show that a dense coating of phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) on multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTS) allows for better diffusion through brain phantoms, while maintaining the ...
Experimental coronary artery surgery. Long-term follow-up, bypass venous autografts, longitudinal arteriotomies, and end-to-end anastomoses.

Summary A follow-up study of 5½ years of 9 dogs undergoing experimental coronary artery surgical procedures has been presented. Bypass aorto-circumflex coronary grafts, employing the external jugular vein, have been found to undergo significant dilatation. Longitudinal arteriotomies and oblique end-to-end anastomoses of the coronary arteries were found to maintain long-term patency without stricture formation or histologic evidence of degenerative change.
Abandoning Isolated Free PSA Screenings for More Comprehensive Cardiovascular and Cancer Screening and Education

The time is ripe to abandon free PSA screenings and replace them with free comprehensive health screenings. For example, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening (cholesterol, blood pressure) that could also include PSA, weight measurement, and a variety of other tests and educational assessments just make more sense in terms of the larger picture of influencing all-cause morbidity and mortality. Numerous reasons are proffered for this important change. Abandoning this myopic single-disease only approach must be embraced by numerous medical centers and health professionals before this comprehensive approach can be successfully implemented.
Microstructures and Interfaces

Microstructure is the arrangement of phases observed using microscopy, usually the characteristic size scale in the millimeter to nanometer range. An important aspect is isolated how microstructure links to property changes in engineering materials. In turn, microstructure analysis is a frequent aspect in analyzing a particulate composite.
Learning to Program: Gender Differences and Interactive Effects of Students' Motivation, Goals, and Self-Efficacy on Performance

Previous research in computer science education has demonstrated the importance of motivation for success in introductory programming. Theoretical constructs from self-regulated learning theory (SRL), which integrates several different types of metacognitive processes, as well as motivational constructs, have proved to be important predictors of success in most academic disciplines. These individual components of self-regulated learning (e.g., self-efficacy, metacognitive strategies) interact in complex ways to influence students' affective states and behaviors, which in turn influence learning outcomes. These elements have been previously examined individually in novice programmers, but we do not have a comprehensive understanding of how SRL constructs interact to influence learning to program. This paper reports on a study that examined the interaction of self-efficacy, intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientations, and metacognitive strategies and their impact on student performance in a CS1 course. We also report on significant gender differences in the relationships between SRL constructs and learning outcomes. We found that student performance had the expected motivational and SRL precursors, but the interactions between these constructs revealed some unexpected relationships. Furthermore, we found that females' self-efficacy had a different connection to programming performance than that of their male peers. Further research on success in introductory programming should take account of the unique and complex relationship between SRL and student success, as well as gender differences in these relationships that are specific to CS.
Formal faculty observation and assessment of bedside skills for 3rd-year neurology clerks

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and utility of instituting a formalized bedside skills evaluation (BSE) for 3rd-year medical students on the neurology clerkship. Methods: A neurologic BSE was developed for 3rd - year neurology clerks at the University of Rochester for the 2012–2014 academic years. Faculty directly observed 189 students completing a full history and neurologic examination on real inpatients. Mock grades were calculated utilizing the BSE in the final grade, and number of students with a grade difference was determined when compared to true grade. Correlation was explored between the BSE and clinical scores, National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) scores, case complexity, and true final grades. A survey was administered to students to assess their clinical skills exposure and the usefulness of the BSE. Results: Faculty completed and submitted a BSE form for 88.3% of students. There was a mock final grade change for 13.2% of students. Correlation coefficients between BSE score and clinical score/NBME score were 0.36 and 0.35, respectively. A statistically significant effect of BSE was found on final clerkship grade ( F 2,186 = 31.9, p Conclusions: Incorporating a formal faculty-observed BSE into the 3rd year neurology clerkship was feasible. Low correlation between BSE score and other evaluations indicated a unique measurement to contribute to student grade. Using real patients with differing case complexity did not alter the grade.
ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITHOUT A HISTORY OF HYPERTENSION

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the most common risk factor for acute aortic dissection (AAD), occurring in 45-100% of patients. However, not all dissections are a consequence of this condition, and little is known about this cohort of AAD patients without a history of HTN. Methods: Patients
Complicating Coherence: Self-Study Research and Social Studies Teacher Education Programs and Practices

The main argument of this chapter—that self-study offers great potential to promote more coherent social studies teacher education programs—is neither complex nor controversial. Indeed, there is so much “common sense” to the idea, I feel compelled to justify why such a straightforward proposition warrants an entire book chapter for its elaboration. Rather than provide that justification first, my hope is that an adequate justification emerges from my elaboration of the argument itself.
The zebrafish embryonic model allows the exploration of human melanoma cell plasticity

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1059 Certain aggressive melanoma cell lines exhibit a dedifferentiated phenotype, expressing multiple molecular markers that are specific for various cell types including endothelial, neural, and even stem cells. These cells are able to participate in vasculogenic mimicry in vitro and respond to ischemic microenvironmental cues by participating in neovascularization in vivo . We examined the potential plasticity of human metastatic melanoma cells by exposing them to a developmental microenvironment in zebrafish embryos. The data reveal that the zebrafish embryos make a powerful model system in which to investigate tumor-microenvironment interactions and tumor cell plasticity. We show here that fluorescently labeled human metastatic melanoma cells transplanted into zebrafish embryos survive for up to two weeks, exhibit motility, seem to proliferate and most importantly, are no longer tumorigenic. The data also show that normal human melanocytes and fibroblasts transplanted into the zebrafish embryos also survive, but do not exhibit motility or proliferation. We also show that the localization pattern of melanoma cells within the zebrafish is significantly different than that of melanocytes or fibroblasts, which seem to home to their native microenvironments of skin and connective tissues, respectively. Although metastatic melanoma cells in zebrafish embryos are no longer tumorigenic, the dedifferentiated phenotype of metastatic melanoma cells remain unchanged. These results demonstrate the powerful influence of the embryonic microenvironment on the tumorigenicity of metastatic melanoma cells and the ability of melanoma cells to adapt to the developmental cues accordingly.
A novel machine learning framework for phenotype prediction based on genome-wide DNA methylation data

DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, and identification of DNAm biomarkers can assist in early diagnosis of cancer. Identification of these biomarkers can be done using CpG (Cytosine-phosphate guanine) sites, or particular regions in DNA. Previous machine learning methods known as MS-SPCA and EVORA have been used to link DNAm biomarkers to specific stages of cervical cancer using CpG data. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning framework that yields greater AUC accuracy than the MS-SPCA and EVORA for predicting stages of cervical cancer using CpG data. This framework appears to be promising in regards to the data examined herein as well as for future biological studies.
Demand-based pricing in the US theme park industry

Even as revenue management practices spread from the travel sector to other industries, the US theme park industry practiced static pricing. Highly visible demand-based pricing introduced by Disney and Universal highlights the relative lack of research on theme park pricing. We surveyed the research and gathered pricing information from 70 different US theme park websites in 2012 and 2016 and found that US theme parks in our sample added online ticket sales, discounts for advance sales and differential daily pricing during that period. We also report the proportion of US theme parks offering queue products and meal plans as ticket add-ons. Characteristics of theme parks may prevent true dynamic pricing, but the US theme park industry has begun moving away from its traditional static pricing model towards demand-based pricing.
Structural and dynamic modeling of mechanical behavior of solids

An examination of the mechanisms of brittle fracture in solids is conducted via molecular dynamics simulations of the behavior of a model silica glass and crystal under applied uniaxial strain. The results show an effect of applied strain rate on the mechanism of fracture and differences between the crystal and glass. The crystal exhibits failure by bond extension until local rearrangements, made possible by the thermal motions of the atoms, can construct a fracture surface. The glass shows a pronounced variation in fracture mechanism as a function of strain rate. If the strain is applied so fast that no thermal motions are allowed, the glass fractures similarly to the crystal by bond extension. If the strain rate is sufficiently slow to allow thermal motions to take place before fracture, then the deformation mechanism is dominated by rotation of the silica tetrahedra. The fracture strength at slow strain rates is 60% less than the strength at high strain rates. All values of the glass strength are lower than the crystal strength (by at least 30%) despite using the same interatomic potential for both phases. Fracture in the glass appears to result from a coalescence of void spaces under strain, around regions of the glass that exhibited a lower density of atoms than average. In effect, the regions of low density observed in the glass phase appear to act as internal flaws, able to initiate failure by acting to collect strain.
Anti-CD19 resistance can "stem" from progenitors.

In this issue of Blood , Nagel et al provide evidence supporting the presence of premalignant leukemic clones in nonlymphoid compartments of patients with BCR-ABL1 –positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a cause of lineage switch after CD19 immunotherapy, extending the lineage switch mechanism beyond mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged ALL. 1 This observation suggests that CD19-targeted therapies alone may not suffice in the eradication of underlying disease in BCR-ABL1 p210- and p190-positive patients, and that strategies to target the stem cell compartment may be needed for durable remissions in this high-risk population.
Domains and Directions in the Development of TBLT

If one has to use a catchy word to capture the connection between the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Language Teaching (LT), the word “task” would be most likely to jump to mind. Since its initial proposals in the late 1980s, the concept has now blossomed into a distinct field of research, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), which is often deemed to be a researched pedagogy that bridges a gap between SLA research and LT. Much of the development in TBLT is due to scholarly presentations and publications, particularly those by Long (1985, 2015), Skehan (1998), and Robinson (2001, 2011), among many others. The book Domains and Directions in the Development of TBLT is a comprehensive collection of selected plenary speeches delivered at biennial international conferences on TBLT from 2005 to 2013. Martin Bygate, editor of the book, introduces the book by highlighting the pivotal role of tasks and the research and educational relevance of TBLT, echoed throughout the entire book.
Seeking Others’ Interests: Leading with Goodness

With leadership scholars frequently emphasizing transformational, ethical, and even servant leadership, it is still difficult to imagine an effective leader characterized by goodness. Leaders are envisioned as strong, charismatic, even supporting at times, yet their role in relationship to followers or even organizational stakeholders seems to leave little space for them being seen as good. Despite the seeming disconnect between this virtue and the conceptualization of leadership practice, the definition of goodness as a positive quality characterized by interest in the welfare of others, frequently manifested through generosity, does not necessarily preclude its role in a leader’s character. This chapter examines this specific type of care for others and attempts to find appropriate application in leadership theory while providing possible practices in which goodness can be manifested for the benefit of individuals and organizations.
Fluorescence of Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted “Click” Triazoles

The structural and optical properties of hydroxyphenyl-substituted-1,2,3-triazole molecules (“click” triazoles) are described. “Click” triazoles are prepared from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The alkyne-derived C4 substituent of a “click” triazole engages in electronic conjugation more effectively with the triazolyl core than the azide-derived N1 substituent. Furthermore, triazolyl group exerts a stronger electron-withdrawing effect on the N1 than the C4 substituent. Therefore, the placement of an electron-donating group at either C4 or N1 position and the presence or the absence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB) have profound influences on the optical properties of these compounds. The reported “click” triazoles have fluorescence quantum yields in the range of 0.1–0.3 and large apparent Stokes shifts (8000–13 000 cm–1) in all tested solvents. Deprotonation of “click” triazoles with a C4 hydroxyphenyl group increases their Stokes shifts; while the opposite (or quench...
Guidelines for Book Users: Instructors, Supervisors, and Students

This chapter describes the philosophical and pedagogical base of the book, which is grounded in active-experiential and self-reflective learning; identifies common challenges in the development of basic helping skills by students, such as anxiety and difficulty integrating skills; and describes detailed strategies for teachers and supervisors to facilitate student learning of basic helping skills. Strategies include ways to organize and process experiential activities and manage feedback and evaluation (e.g., methods for facilitating small and large group discussions, conducting student role-plays, and consolidating student learning; guidelines for feedback and evaluation). Suggested activities are designed to promote learning by encouraging students to take risks within a supportive environment, continually reflect upon their experiences, and incorporate feedback into their genetic counseling practice. Most of the activities in this and subsequent chapters can be adapted by clinical supervisors for use with supervisees.
An integrated biomanufacturing platform for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells.

Abstract Human pluripotent stem cell derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) have the unique properties of long-term in vitro expansion as well as differentiation into the various neurons and supporting cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of these characteristics, hNPCs have tremendous potential in the modeling and treatment of various CNS diseases and disorders. However, expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs in quantities necessary for these applications is not possible with current two dimensional (2-D) approaches. Here, we used a fully defined peptide substrate as the basis for a microcarrier (MC)-based suspension culture system. Several independently derived hNPC lines were cultured on MCs for multiple passages as well as efficiently differentiated to neurons. Finally, this MC-based system was used in conjunction with a low shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the integrated, large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. Overall, this fully defined and scalable biomanufacturing system will facilitate the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities necessary for basic and translational applications. Statement of Significance In this work, we developed a microcarrier (MC)-based culture system that allows for the expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) under defined conditions. In turn, this MC approach was implemented in a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. This work is of significance as it overcomes current limitations of conventional two dimensional (2-D) culture systems to enable the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities required for downstream applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
Lincoln's Generals' Wives: Four Women Who Influenced the Civil War--for Better and for Worse

Review of: "Lincoln’s Generals’ Wives: Four Women Who Influenced the Civil War—for Better and for Worse", by Candice Shy Hooper.
Chemotherapy for Psoriasis

Systemic chemotherapy for psoriasis is still limited solely to the use of methotrexate. The background and current usage patterns of methotrexate are described in detail, together with techniques that hopefully will minimize long-term toxicity. Other approaches to chemotherapy of severe psoriasis and its relationship to phototherapy modalities are discussed.
Forage composition and intake by steers grazing vegetative regrowth in low endophyte tall fescue pasture.

A grazing trial was conducted with six half-sib yearling Angus steers (average initial weight 281 kg) to quantitate nutrient composition and voluntary intake of vegetative regrowth forage in low-endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture. A new .6-ha section in each of two 3.0-ha pastures (three steers/pasture) was clipped to a 5-cm height on five consecutive days to establish a series of plots that could be grazed continuously during 5-d test periods at uniform stages of vegetative regrowth; each period represented a specific regrowth stage (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d). Steers were conditioned by training them to graze to satiety while tethered with an adjustable-length rope to a 1-m galvanized steel post. Grazing time was limited to two sessions daily beginning at 0800 and 1400, and satiety was achieved after no more than 2.5 h of continuous grazing in each session. Forage DM availability was controlled by adjusting tether length and was set each day at 4% of steer BW. Fecal DM output was measured by chromic oxide dilution. A quadratic (P less than .05) effect of regrowth stage was observed for forage contents of NDF and ADF due to abrupt increases in both fractions at wk 5; values for ADL were unaffected by stage of forage regrowth. Forage contents of CP and ash showed a cubic (P less than .05) response to advancing stage of regrowth, with highest (23.6 and 11.0%, respectively) and lowest (14.7 and 9.1%, respectively) values for both fractions occurring at wk 1 and 5, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photoswitching topology in polymer networks with metal–organic cages as crosslinks

Polymer networks can have a range of desirable properties such as mechanical strength, wide compositional diversity between different materials, permanent porosity, convenient processability and broad solvent compatibility1,2. Designing polymer networks from the bottom up with new structural motifs and chemical compositions can be used to impart dynamic features such as malleability or self-healing, or to allow the material to respond to environmental stimuli3–8. However, many existing systems exhibit only one operational state that is defined by the material’s composition and topology3–6; or their responsiveness may be irreversible7,9,10 and limited to a single network property11,12 (such as stiffness). Here we use cooperative self-assembly as a design principle to prepare a material that can be switched between two topological states. By using networks of polymer-linked metal–organic cages in which the cages change shape and size on irradiation, we can reversibly switch the network topology with ultraviolet or green light. This photoswitching produces coherent changes in several network properties at once, including branch functionality, junction fluctuations, defect tolerance, shear modulus, stress-relaxation behaviour and self-healing. Topology-switching materials could prove useful in fields such as soft robotics and photo-actuators as well as providing model systems for fundamental polymer physics studies.
Application of autoencoders in cyber-empathic design

A critical task in product design is mapping information from the consumer space to the design space. This process is largely dependent on the designer to identify and relate psychological and consumer level factors to engineered product attributes. In this way, current methodologies lack provision to test a designer’s cognitive reasoning and may introduce bias through the mapping process. Prior work on Cyber-Empathic Design (CED) supports this mapping by relating user–product interaction data from embedded sensors to psychological constructs. To understand consumer perceptions, a network of psychological constructs is developed using Structural Equation Modeling for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing, making the framework falsifiable in nature. The focus of this technical brief is toward automating CED through unsupervised deep learning to extract features from raw data. Additionally, Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling is used with extracted sensor features as inputs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach a case study involving sensor-integrated shoes compares three models – a survey-only model (no sensor data), the existing CED approach with manually extracted sensor features, and the proposed deep learning based CED approach. The deep learning based approach results in improved model fit.
Genomewide Analyses of Psychological Resilience in US Army Soldiers

Though a growing body of preclinical and translational research is illuminating a biological basis for resilience to stress, little is known about the genetic basis of psychological resilience in humans. We conducted genomewide association studies (GWAS) of self-assessed (by questionnaire) and outcome-based (incident mental disorders from pre- to post-deployment) resilience among European (EUR) ancestry soldiers in the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS). Self-assessed resilience (N=11,492) was found to have significant common-variant heritability (h2=0.162, se=0.050, p=5.37e-4), and to be significantly negatively genetically correlated with neuroticism (rg= -0.388, p=0.0092). GWAS results from the EUR soldiers revealed a genomewide significant locus (4 SNPs in LD; top SNP: rs4260523, p=5.654e-09) on an intergenic region on Chr 4 upstream from DCLK2 (Doublecortin-Like Kinase 2), a member of the doublecortin (DCX) family of kinases that promote survival and regeneration of injured neurons. A second gene, KLHL36 (Kelch Like Family Member 36) was detected at gene-wise genomewide significance (p=1.89e-06). A polygenic risk score derived from the self-assessed resilience GWAS was not significantly associated with outcome-based resilience. In very preliminary results, genomewide significant association with outcome-based resilience was found for one locus (top SNP: rs12580015) on Chr 12 downstream from SLC15A5 (solute carrier family 15 member 5) in the small group (N=581) of subjects exposed to the highest level of deployment stress. The further study of genetic determinants of resilience has the potential to illuminate the molecular bases of stress-related psychopathology and potentially point to new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Acute Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Ischemic Strokes Are Not Always Related to Intraprocedural Embolization.

A 79-year-old woman with diabetes, prior coronary bypass, renal insufficiency, morbid obesity, and severe symptomatic aortic stenosis presented electively for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Cerebral embolic protection was not used, because of the absence of right radial pulse. The
Abstract 1623: Autoantibodies to human endogenous retrovirus K envelope protein (HERV-K ENV) are associated with features of prostate cancer aggressiveness in African American men

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. African-American (AA) men are more likely to develop PCa at a younger age and are twice as likely to die from the disease compared to men from other ethnic/racial backgrounds. Even when normalized with equal access to healthcare, socioeconomic status and familial PCa history, AA men still die disproportionately from PCa. Thus, it is paramount to improve the early detection of aggressive PCa. A cancer patient’s humoral immune response to a tumor offers us a minimally invasive opportunity to detect aggressive cancers before a symptomatic tumor emerges. Previous studies indicate that genes associated with immunity and inflammation are significantly upregulated in prostate tumors from AA men compared to European-American (EA) men, suggesting that there are racial differences in the anti-tumor immune response in patients with PCa. This has prompted our laboratory to evaluate the autoantibody repertoire to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in ethnically diverse patients. Previous studies showed a higher frequency of autoantibodies to the human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) GAG protein in men with late stage PCa. In addition, investigators in this team reported previously an elevated expression of the envelope (ENV) protein in PCa tumors from AA men compared to PCa tumors from EA men. Given the emerging role of HERV-K in human cancers and the potential use of autoantibodies to the ENV and GAG viral proteins as cancer serum biomarkers and immunotherapeutic tools, we investigated the antibody response to the HERV-K ENV in AA and EA men with and without PCa. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we detected a significant increase in the frequency of autoantibodies to HERV-K ENV in AA men with PCa compared to EA men with PCa (N=100, p Citation Format: Tino W. Sanchez, Shannalee R. Martinez, Greisha Ortiz-Hernandez, Evelyn Sanchez-Hernandez, Christopher Montgomery, Benjamin Becerra, Tiffany Dorsey, Feng Wang-Johanning, Stefan Ambs, Carlos A. Casiano. Autoantibodies to human endogenous retrovirus K envelope protein (HERV-K ENV) are associated with features of prostate cancer aggressiveness in African American men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1623.