cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Thermal Radiation: Comparison of Numerical Results and Experiments

Near–field radiative transfer between two objects can be enhanced by a few order of magnitude compared to the far–field radiative transfer that can be described by Planck’s theory of blackbody radiation and Kirchoffs laws. We have developed a numerical technique to determine the near–field thermal radiative transfer between two spheres. We have measured near–field thermal radiation between a silica sphere and a flat silica substrate as a function of gap between them using an bi–material cantilever as a thermal sensor. The experimental results show qualitative agreement with numerical results. The results of this work indicate that the proximity force approximation, widely used to determine forces between curved objects, is not applicable to near–field radiative transfer between curved objects.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Evaluation of a polydipsia technique to induce alcohol consumption in monkeys

The observation that the intermittent delivery of dry food pellets is accompanied by consumption of large quantities of water in the rat was first described by Falk in 1961 (4) and this phenomenon was subsequently termed psychogenic or schedule-induced polydipsia. Falk (4) reported that rats maintained at 80 per cent of their free feeding weight, would consume approximately one half of their total weight in water within a few hours when food pellets were presented intermittently. Variations of thirst explanations for this phenomena proved untenable since pre-session water loading did not eliminate polydipsic drinking (8) and dry food was neither necessary or sufficient for the induction of polydipsia. Intermittent delivery of small portions of a standard liquid monkey diet were equally effective in producing excessive drinking (7). Superstitious chaining, i.e. the adventitious reinforcement of drinking within the inter-pellet interval also fails to account for polydipsia (5,33). A number of factors have been identified that contribute to the magnitude of the effect such as an inter-pellet interval of more than 45 sec (6), small food portions (7) and weight reduction (8). However, Falk (9) has emphasized that reinforcement schedules do not elicit polydipsic drinking, but rather the behavior develops gradually and can be attenuated by weight increase even when response rates and food intake stay the same. The power of the procedure is illustrated by the fact that comparable levels of fluid ingestion are not achieved by other experimental manipulations such as water deprivation, heat stress or osmotic loading in rat (8). Falk describes schedule-induced polydipsia as a form of adjunctive behavior and concludes that no adequate physiological or behavioral explanation for the phenomena has yet been advanced (8,9).
A TEST: CAN STEWARDSHIP THEORY SERVE AS A SECOND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION FOR ACCOUNTABILITY METHODS IN CONTRACTED HUMAN SERVICES?

Stewardship theories have been proposed recently as the possible basis for the reform of roles and responsibilities of principals and agents in government contracted service relations, and for the ...
Total synthesis of picrotin

Abstract The conversion of picrotoxinin ( 1 ) to picrotin ( 2 ), which completes the total synthesis of the latter, is described.
Functional brain imaging at 1.5 T using conventional gradient echo MR imaging techniques

Abstract There is considerable interest in the use of MR imaging to study brain function. Recently, it has been demonstrated that small changes in signal intensity occur in the visual cortex in T2∗-weighted imaging in response to appropriate visual stimuli. Similar responses to activation have also been recorded in motor cortex as well as frontal lobes. To date most of these studies have been carried out at very high field strength or they have used echo planar imaging. We report our preliminary results showing that the effects of activation of visual and motor areas of the brains of normal volunteers can be recorded using conventional MR imaging methods on a standard 1.5 T clinical scanner. Using gradient-echo imaging sequences, we have been able to map activated visual and motor cortex with high spatial resolution in multiple planes, and are using this technique to examine the relationship between physiological response and stimulus parameters. Signal changes of the order of 2–12% in images with TE = 45 msec, TR = 120 msec, and α = 40°, permit excellent depiction of the regions affected.
Concerning $n$-Tactics in the Countable-Finite Game

In the paper [S1] I introduced a game, denoted by MG( J ) (where J is a free ideal on some infinite set S ) and called “the meager nowhere dense game for J ”. The special case when J is the collection of finite subsets of the set S is called the countable-finite game on S. It proceeds as follows. First player ONE picks a countable set C 1 , then player TWO picks a finite set F 1 . Then in the second inning ONE picks a countable set C 2 with C 1 ⊂ C 2 (unless explicitly indicated otherwise, “⊂” means “is a proper subset of”) and TWO responds with a finite set F 2 , and so on. The players construct a sequence ( C 1 ,F 1 ,C 2 ,F 2 ,…,C k ,F k ,…) where for each positive integer k (i) C k denotes ONE's countable set picked during the k th inning, (ii) F k denotes TWO's finite set picked during the k th inning, and (iii) C k ⊂ C k + 1. Such a sequence is a play of the countable-finite game on S , and TWO wins this play if is contained in . The notion of a winning perfect information strategy is defined as usual (see, for example, [S1]). Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory together with the axiom of choice (denoted by ZFC; for a statement of the axioms see pp. xv–xvi of [K]) is a strong enough theory to build a winning perfect information strategy for player TWO in this game. Does TWO have a winning strategy requiring less than perfect information? Fix a positive integer k . A strategy of TWO which requires knowledge of only at the most the k most recent moves of ONE is said to be a k-tactic . For the countable-finite game on an infinite set S the following facts about the existence of winning k -tactics for TWO are proved in [S1]: 1) TWO does not have a winning 1-tactic (Theorem 1 of [S1]). 2) If the cardinality of S is less than ℵ 2 then TWO has a winning 2-tactic (Corollary 4 of [S1]). 3) If TWO has a winning k -tactic in the countable-finite game on an infinite set S, then TWO has a winning 3-tactic (Proposition 15 of [SI]).
Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index in College Students: The Role of Sleep Disturbances

AbstractObjective: Obesity and its comorbidities have emerged as a leading public health concern. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep patterns, including duration and disturbances. Methods: A convenience sample of 515 college students completed an online survey consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and self-reported height and weight to calculate BMI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using components of the PSQI as predictors of overweight (BMI ≥ 25). Results: One-third of the participants had BMI ≥ 25, and 51% were poor-quality sleepers (PSQI > 5). Controlling for age and sex, only sleep disturbances were associated with overweight (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [1.08, 2.57]). Conclusions: Sleep disturbances, rather than sleep duration, predicted overweight among young adults; this is consistent with the most recent evidence in the literature. These findings support expanding t...
The punctured plane is isomorphic to the unit circle

Abstract This note shows that the multiplicative group of non-zero complex numbers and the multiplicative group of complex numbers of absolute value 1 are isomorphic as groups.
Novel NMDA receptor modulators: an update

Introduction: The NMDA receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that plays a critical role in higher level brain processes and has been implicated in a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Although initial studies for the use of NMDA receptor antagonists in neuroprotection were unsuccessful, more recently, NMDA receptor antagonists have shown clinical promise in other indications such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, pain and depression. Based on the clinical observations and more recent insights into receptor pharmacology, new modulatory approaches are beginning to emerge, with potential therapeutic benefit. Areas covered: The article covers the known pharmacology and important features regarding NMDA receptors and their function. A discussion of pre-clinical and clinical relevance is included, as well. The subsequent patent literature review highlights the current state of the art targeting the receptor since the last review in 2010. Expert opinion: The complex nature of the NMDA ...
Mathematical Foundations of Sensor Network Design Based On Linguistic Informatics

We propose a design approach for sensor networks based on formal linguistic representations of information. The approach exploits the concepts of space-time neighborhoods for dynamic sensor grid formation in the vicinity of an event, and symbolization and nonlinear filtering to formulate rigorous mathematical methods that capture the causal dynamics of distributed fusion processes. We formulate the Fundamental Equation of Linguistic Sensing relating physical design parameters to those in the Information Space, and lays the framework for design and operation of sensor networks that dynamically cluster sensing, processing and communications resources in space-time neighborhoods of emergent hotspots for efficient event trackin
Finite-size effects and phase transitions.

We perform numerical simulations of SU(2) lattice gauge theory on 4${L}^{2}$ 64 lattices with 4\ensuremath{\le}L\ensuremath{\le}16. A finite-size scaling analysis of the tunneling signal extrapolates the critical coupling ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{c}$ (relevant for the deconfining phase transition with ${N}_{t}$=4) toward the infinite-volume limit and yields 2.28${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{c}$2.32. We illustrate the method with exact results for the two-dimensional and numerical results for the three-dimensional Ising model. For finite systems the notion of a ``phase transition'' is discussed critically. Geometry is important and the deconfining phase transition is not sharp on lattices that are relevant for spectrum calculations.
Past and future surface crystallography by LEED

Abstract The first eight years of surface crystallography by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) have provided much novel and interesting information about atomic arrangements on crystalline surfaces. A brief review of methods, procedures and instrumentation shows, however, that many improvements are needed or desirable, particularly in the areas of: LEED diffractometers for structure analyses and devices for rapid data collection and display; characterization of surfaces; theoretical and computational methods; search procedures for the correct structural model; objective and quantitative criteria for evaluation of the reliability of structural models. A few of the most pressing problems in LEED crystallography are discussed.
Innovation and the persistence of monopoly

Abstract The auction framework enables us to highlight a crucial feature of many R&D races: the losing firm can recoup part but not the entirety of its R&D investments. This feature is shown to account for the marked differences in results obtained by Gilbert and Newbery and by Reinganum. When the firm investing the largest amount wins with certainty, we establish the existence of a unique equilibrium: neither firm employs a pure strategy and the incumbent wins more often than the challenger.
SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS OF AZOPROTEINS DERIVED FROM AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND DIARYL COMPOUNDS.

Serological reactions of azoproteins from p -aminodiphenyl, s-naphthylamine, s-anthramine and some compounds containing two benzene rings (aminodiphenyl methane etc.) have been described, the last mentioned substances having been the subject of theoretical discussion on serological specificity.
The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS): assessing individuals' satisfaction with residence, community setting, and associated services.

Abstract Satisfaction of mentally retarded persons with their quality of life is an important outcome measure of deinstitutionalization. The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS) was developed to assess mentally retarded persons' satisfaction with their residence and its community setting and associated services. An acquiescence sub-scale makes it possible to correct satisfaction scores for acquiescence bias. Empirical data indicate that this experimental version of the LSS has internally consistent subscales and good test-retest and interrater reliabilities.
SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CAPSULAR MATERIAL OF LACTOBACILLUS CASEI.

THE possibility of two serological determinants, chemically related but located in different surface layers of the bacterial cell, provides an interesting problem in antigenic analysis. Recent reports1,2 have indicated that the serological specificity of groups B and C of L. casei was a function of the molar ratios of glucose and rhamnose in the cell wall polysaccharide. Since the capsular polysaccharide of this microbe also contains these two sugars3, an investigation was begun to determine the antigenicity of the capsular material and its relation to the serological properties of cell wall and other surface antigens.
Disinhibitory trait profile and its relation to Cluster B personality disorder features and substance use problems

Certain personality and motivational traits may present vulnerability towards disinhibitory psychopathology (e.g. antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse). Cluster analysis was used to sep...
Spontaneous Breaking of Scale Invariance and the Ultraviolet Fixed Point in O($n$) Symmetric $(phi^{6}$ in Three-Dimensions) Theory

At large $N$, the $\ensuremath{\eta}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{6}$ theory is shown to possess a nontrivial ultraviolet fixed point. A new phase is found where asymptotic scale invariance is spontaneously broken and a dynamical mass is generated through dimensional transmutation. At the tricritical limit, the spontaneous breaking of an exact scale invariance at leading $N$ results in the formation of a massless composite Goldstone mode, the dilaton. We compare these results to standard $\frac{1}{N}$ expansion and emphasize the nonperturbative nature of these phenomena.
Two-dimensional through-the-wall radar imaging with diffraction tomographic algorithm

In this paper a two-dimensional (2D) diffraction tomographic (DT) algorithm based on the first order Born approximation is proposed for through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The spectral expansion of the three-layered background medium Green's function is employed to derive a linear relation between the spatial Fourier transforms of the image and the scattered field. Then the image can be efficiently reconstructed with inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The linearization of the inversion scheme and easy implementation of the algorithm with FFT/IFFT make the diffraction tomographic algorithm suitable for on-site TWRI applications. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed DT algorithm for TWRI.
Minimizing the makespan in the two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with an availability constraint

This paper studies a two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with an availability constraint. Contrary to most literature where machines are available at all times, we assure that a machine may not always be available. The problem is very important, as it happens often in the industry. For example, a machine may not be available in the scheduling period due to a breakdown or preventive maintenance. Also if a machine continues to process those unfinished jobs that were scheduled in the previous planning period, then it is not available at the beginning of the period. We study the problem under a deterministic environment. Namely, we assume that the unavailable time is known in advance. We prove that the problem is NP-hard. We then develop pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm to solve the problem optimally. We also provide heuristic algorithms with an error bound analysis. In particular, we propose two O(n log n) time heuristic algorithms. The first heuristic is used to solve the problem with an availability constraint imposed on machine 1, and has a worst case error bound of 12. The second heuristic is used to solve the problem with an availability constraint imposed on machine 2, and has a worst case error bound of 13. We note that the problem is not reversible, in the sense that interchanging job processing time on machine 1 and 2 will not yield an equivalent problem, which is different from the standard flowshop problem.
Synthesis of [11C]gefitinib for imaging epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with positron emission tomography

We have synthesized N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-[11C]methoxy-6-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]quinazolin-4-amine, [11C]gefitinib ([11C]Iressa), a high affinity (IC50 = 2 nM) inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK), in solution and in a semi-automated stainless loop methylation system using [11C]methyl triflate. The trapping efficiency for [11C]methyl triflate in solution was higher than in the solvent film generated in the loop system, thus the overall radiochemical yield was considerably higher for the synthesis in solution. The average radiochemical yield for the solution chemistry was 15% with an average specific radioactivity of approximately 9000 mCi/µmole at EOS in one step from its corresponding desmethyl phenol precursor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delayed-onset, bleb-associated endophthalmitis caused by lecythophora mutabilis

Abstract Purpose To report delayed-onset, bleb-associated endophthalmitis caused by Lecythophora mutabilis . Design Interventional case report. Methods Description of an otherwise healthy woman who developed delayed-onset fungal endophthalmitis associated with a preexisting filtering bleb. Results A 57-year-old woman who underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C in her left eye 8 years earlier presented with a 10-day history of pain and decreased vision in her left eye. She underwent anterior chamber and vitreous taps and injection of intraocular antibiotics. Cultures grew the mold Lecythophora mutabilis . The patient underwent treatment with intraocular and systemic antifungal agents, three pars plana vitrectomies, partial iridectomy, and cryopexy to the bleb and angle structures. Four months after her last treatment, her left eye shows no residual infection, and vision corrects to 20/80. Conclusion Bleb-associated endophthalmitis caused by L. mutabilis is resistant to amphotericin B but responsive to intravitreal and systemic voriconazole together with pars plana vitrectomy, iridectomy, and cryopexy to the bleb and angle structures.
Gene replacement in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract The ability to carry out gene replacements and gene targeting in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, would facilitate studies on the roles and regulation of various components of its lignin-degrading system. A plasmid consisting of the P. chrysosporium ura3 gene (encoding orotidylate decarboxylase) interrupted with the Schizophyllum commune ade2 gene (encoding an adenine biosynthetic enzyme) was used to transform the P. chrysosporium ade2 strain to adenine prototrophy with selection on 5-fluoroorotic acid for inactivation of the ura3 gene. Stable Ade+Ura− strains were obtained at a frequency of approximately one transformant per μg of DNA. In all of the Ade+Ura− transformants examined by Southern analysis, the chromosomal ura3 locus had been replaced by the plasmid insert.
A Self-Insured Health Program: From Crisis to Opportunity

Moberly Area Community College faced a crisis in healthcare coverage that eventually lead to enhanced benefits, greater control, plan stability, and increased flexibility through a self-insured program. Presented here is how Moberly Area Community College overcame the health care coverage crisis and how other institutions can benefit from the lessons we learned from the process.
Dynamics of Spindle-Bearing Systems at High Speeds Including Cutting Load Effects

Increased use of high speed machining creates the need to predict spindle-bearing performance at high speeds. Previous spindle-bearing models simplify either spindle or bearing dynamics to the extent of prohibiting a detailed analysis of a spindle with high speed motion. At high speeds, centrifugal loading in the bearing causes stiffness softening, creating a change in natural frequency. Therefore, spindle modeling requires a comprehensive representation of the dynamics of shafts with complex geometry rotating at high speeds and supported by non-linear bearings. This paper presents a coupled system of spindle and bearing dynamic models with numerical solution. Spindle dynamics are modeled using the influence coefficient method of discrete lumped masses, based on Timoshenko beam theory. Both linear and rotational bearing stiffness are included in the spindle model through solution of the angular-contact bearing model. The parameters of cutting loads, tool mass, and rotational speed are analyzed, and all are shown to affect the natural frequency. The computer model is both rapid and robust, and shows excellent agreement with experimental analysis.
Blood Loss and Bank Blood Requirement in Coronary Bypass Surgery

With the use of nonblood prime and refinement in perfusion and surgical techniques, blood requirement for coronary bypass operations has been reduced to a minimum. Of 240 patients (average number of bypasses, 3.07; average pump time, two hours and 22 minutes), no blood was used in pump prime or before perfusion. During perfusion, 29 patients (12%) received 34 units of blood in the pump-oxygenator, and after bypass 64 patients (27%) received 65 units of blood in the operating room (average intraoperative use, 203 ml per patient). For the total hospital stay, the blood requirement was 728 ml per patient. For the last 60 patients operated on, the figure was 328 ml. There were no surgical deaths, and only 1 reexploration for postoperative hemorrhage (0.4%). Discharge hemoglobin level averaged 11.8 gm, whereas the admission hemoglobin level had averaged 13.8 gm. Autotransfusion, avoidance of entry into the pleural space, shorter perfusion time, postoperative platelet count of more than 150,000, and normal partial thromboplastin time tend to reduce blood requirement, but not to a striking degree. Bank blood requirement for the coronary bypass program accounted for 3.7% of the hospital need and 2% of the community need.
Thickness Dependence of Electronic Properties of GaN Epi-layers

The electronic properties of heteroepitaxial GaN were investigated for unintentionally doped, n-type films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The GaN layers were characterized by variable temperature Hall-effect measurement, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The measurements were performed on as-grown, 13 μn thick films and repeated after thinning by mechanical polishing to 7 μm and 1.2 μm. The room temperature electron concentrations as determined by the Hall-effect measurements were found to increase from ∼1017 cm−3 (13 μm) to ∼1020 cm−3 (1.2 μm) with decreasing film thickness. However, the C-V and DLTS measurements revealed that the ionized, effective donor and deep level concentrations, respectively, remained unchanged in regions close to the top surface of the films. These findings are consistent with the presence of a thin, highly conductive near interface layer which acts as a parasitic, parallel conduction path. Possible sources of such a shunt near the GaN/sapphire interface include oxygen contamination from the sapphire substrate or a structurally highly defective, 300 nm thick interface layer.
Application of the ARIMA Models to Urban Roadway Travel Time Prediction - A Case Study

Travel time is the time required to traverse a route between any two points of interest and it is an important parameter that can be used to measure the effectiveness of transportation systems. The ability to accurately predict freeway and arterial travel times in transportation networks is a critical component for many Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. In this paper, we focus on the application of using time series models to study the arterial travel time prediction problem for urban roadways and a section of Minnesota State Highway 194 is chosen as our case study. We use the Global Positioning System (GPS) probe vehicle method to collect data. The time series modeling is then developed, in particular, we focus on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model due to the non-stationary property of the data collected. The section models established for the corridor are verified via both the residual analysis and portmanteau lack-of-fit test. Finally, based on the models developed we present our prediction results. Our study indicates the potential and effectiveness of using the ARIMA modeling in the prediction of travel time. The method presented in this paper can be easily modified and applied to short-term arterial travel time prediction for other urban areas.
Histochemistry of the gingiva. IV. Preliminary investigations on the mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue.

Abstract The metachromatic phenomenon in the gingival connective tissue was studied. Clinically normal gingiva showed slight metachromasia. However, in inflammation the chromotropic material increased. The change in colour was greatest in the ground substance of the connective tissue in close proximity to the alveolar bone and in the areas infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Since connective tissue metachromasia may indicate the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides, and because of their increase in inflammatory conditions an effort was made to explain this phenomenon. Incubation of tissue sections with proteolytic enzymes showed a definite enhancement in metachromatic staining. Since proteolysis takes part in the degradation phenomena of the ground substance, this lends support to previous studies of the distribution of a proteolytic enzyme, aminopeptidase, in the gingiva under normal and inflammatory conditions.
Single-step phase contrast x-ray imaging using photon counting detectors

Using solutions of spectral transport-of-intensity equations, we have demonstrated a single step method to retrieve absorption and phase changes for a wide range of x-ray imaging energies and material composition. We simulated a Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride based spectral detection system using a cascade model for investigations of breast mass and microcalcification detectability when using both absorption and phase images simultaneously.
Theoretical determination of surface thickness of liquid 4He and 3He

Abstract The quantum statistical-mechanical theory of surface tension is applied to liquid 4He and to liquid 3He at 1.4 K. This theory relates the surface tension of the thickness of the region between the liquid and vapor phases. By a comparison of the calculated surface tension as a function of interfacial thickness with the experimental value, the surface thickness of liquid 4He is found to be 4 to 5 molecular diameters and that of liquid 3He 7 to 8 molecular diameters.
Parametric and Semiparametric Modeling of the Off-Farm Labor Supply of Agrarian Households in Transition Bulgaria

The reaction of labor marketsto economic reforms is an important indicator of the progress of transition. Because of diminished government support and the breakup of state and collective enterprises, labor market adjustments in the transition economies have been particularly severe in the agricultural sector. Thisarticle evaluatesthe off-farm labor market for a sample of agrarian households in transition Bulgaria. We give particular attention to the distributional assumptions that underlie standard approaches to the evaluation of labor supply. A variety of specification tests are considered and support for standard maximum likelihood estimates which rely on normality as a maintained hypothesis is mixed. Alternative semiparametric (distribution-free) estimators are also considered. The empirical results indicate that, five years after the initiation of the transition, off-farm labor supply patterns for Bulgarian agricultural households are similar to what is commonly observed in developed market economies. Labor supply is positively affected by factors such as education and work experience which are hypothesized to increase off-farm wages. Social benefit programs providing monetary or in-kind support payments are shown to significantly decrease off-farm work. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Activation of the anterior hypophysis by electrical stimulation in the rabbit.

BOTH the nature and extent of neural control over most of the endocrine organs are poorly understood, the exceptions including the posterior lobe of the hypophysis and the epinephrine-secreting chromaffin tissue. In the former group is one of the most obvious examples of an effect of nerve stimuli upon an endocrine organ, namely, the release of luteinizing hormone from the anterior lobe of the hypophysis in the rabbit and certain other forms upon sexual excitement. The sources of sensory stimuli which activate the anterior lobe of the rabbit upon coitus have not been accurately determined. Fee and Parkes (1930) apparently first showed that ovulation in the rabbit does not depend purely upon genital stimulation, and similar results have been reported by others. As pointed out by Brooks (1937), it is possible that there may be many sensory and emotional pathways through which the ovulatory mechanism can be excited.
Nonlinear vibration suppression of flexible structures using nonlinear modified positive position feedback approach

This paper introduces Nonlinear Modified Positive Position Feedback (NMPPF) control approach for nonlinear vibration suppression at primary resonance. Nonlinearity in the system is due to large deformations caused by high-amplitude disturbances, while this control approach is applicable to all types of nonlinearities in resonant structures. NMPPF controller consists of a resonant second-order nonlinear compensator, which is enhanced by a lossy integrating compensator. The two compensators create a combination of exponential and periodic control inputs, which needs innovative time scaling for using the Method of Multiple Scales to obtain the analytical solution of the closed-loop system. The results of the analytical solution for the closed-loop NMPPF controller are presented and compared with the result of the conventional PPF controller. Effects of the control parameters on the system response are comprehensively studied by parameter variations. The approximate solution is then verified using numerical simulations. According to the results, the NMPPF controller provides a higher level of suppression in the overall frequency domain, as the peak amplitude at the neighborhood frequencies of the primary mode is reduced by 44 %, compared to the PPF method. The tunable control parameters also give more flexibility to create the expected type of system response.
An Empirical Analysis of Deviant Homicides in Chicago

A survey of the literature suggests that victim-offender relationship and motive are two primary characteristics that have traditionally been used to disaggregate homicide events. Previous research has clearly identified normative homicide characteristics as expressive motives between intimates and instrumental motives between strangers. However, the present research examines the prevalence of deviant homicides, or homicides with nonnormative characteristics, in Chicago. The authors test the hypothesis that deviant homicides are more likely among individuals with weak ties to social institutions. Results of a logistic regression analysis support the hypothesis that the likelihood of deviant circumstances is significantly greater when homicides involve Hispanics, African Americans, and males. In addition, deviant homicides were significantly more likely when they involved gang circumstances and, on the national level, after the appearance of crack cocaine. These findings have important implications to the ...
Incidence and risk factors for skin cancer following lung transplantation

Background Relative to other solid-organ transplantations, limited studies characterize skin cancer among lung-transplant recipients. Objective We sought to assess the cumulative incidence, tumor burden, and risk factors for skin cancer among patients with lung transplantation. Methods Medical records of patients at Mayo Clinic who had undergone lung transplantation between 1990 and 2011 were reviewed (N = 166). Results At 5 and 10 years posttransplantation the cumulative incidence was 31% and 47% for any skin cancer, 28% and 42% for squamous cell carcinoma, 12% and 21% for basal cell carcinoma, and 53% and 86% for death, respectively. Four patients died of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The cumulative incidence for a subsequent skin cancer of the same type 4 years after an initial skin cancer was 85% and 43% for squamous and basal cell carcinoma, respectively. Increasing age, male gender, skin cancer history, and more recent year of transplantation were associated with increased risk of skin cancer posttransplantation. Sirolimus was not associated with decreased risk, nor did voriconazole show an increased risk for skin cancer. Limitations Retrospective and tertiary single-center design of the study is a limitation. Conclusions Skin cancers frequently occur in lung-transplant recipients. The risk of subsequent skin cancer is increased substantially in patients who develop a skin cancer after their transplantation.
Liposomal anthracyclines in metastatic breast cancer: clinical update

Anthracyclines are a mainstay of therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, their use has been limited by associated toxicities, including myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, and most importantly, cardiotoxicity. Liposomal anthracyclines were developed to increase the therapeutic index of conventional anthracyclines by maintaining antitumor efficacy while improving the safety profile. There are currently three liposomal formulations: liposomal daunorubicin, liposomal doxorubicin (D-99), and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Only one phase I study has been conducted with liposomal daunorubicin for metastatic breast cancer. Liposomal doxorubicin has shown comparable efficacy with conventional doxorubicin and less toxicity. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is the most widely studied of the liposomal anthracyclines and has demonstrated similar efficacy to conventional doxorubicin and a better safety profile, including significantly less cardiotoxicity, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has shown efficacy as a single agent and in combination with many agents, including cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and gemcitabine, with response rates ranging from 33%-75%. Growing evidence supports the use of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer, owing to its antitumor activity in both anthracycline-naive patients and in patients with previous anthracycline exposure.
Transfer hydrogenation with a ferrocene diamide ruthenium complex

The use of a 1,1′-ferrocenediamide ruthenium complex as a mediator for base-free transfer hydrogenation is reported. Ketones were transformed to their respective alcohols at room temperature in 36–99% conversions with turnover frequencies up to 339 h−1.
Travel times from blasts in southern California

Seismograms recorded from a blast of about 70 tons of Du Pont “Nitramon” in tunnels at a quarry near Corona, southern California, are discussed. Arrival times of P waves indicate a velocity of between 5.7 and 6.0 km/sec. in the upper 6 km. of the region, and a velocity of about 6 1/2 km/sec. at a depth of 10 km. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is at a depth of the order of 40 km. The velocity below it is 8.1 to 8.2 km/sec. The amplitudes of S waves are only slightly more than one-tenth of those in an earthquake having P waves of equal amplitudes. The ratio of the velocity of P to that of the first recognizable S is found between 1.6 and 1.7. The first S waves at distances up to about 140 km. indicate a velocity of transverse waves of about 3¾ km/sec. at a depth of the order of 10 km. A phase with an apparent velocity of about 3 1/2 km/sec. can be traced to more than 400 km. It is followed by several slower phases. On the assumption that the amplitudes of Pn do not differ appreciably from those in an earthquake of the same magnitude, the blast would have had a magnitude of about 4.
THE SAVAGE GENIUS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES

This is the published version, made available with the permission of the publisher. Copyright 2009, Cambridge University Press.
Powering embedded CMOS logic on MEMS-based micro-robots

A hypothetical new digital-design paradigm called Field Programmable Robot Arrays (FPRAs) has been introduced in [1] which raises a number problems that need to be solved for successful implementation. An FPRA combines CMOS reprogrammable logic with micro-robots having constrained motion and sensing capabilities. The goal of the FPRAs is to build digital-logic structures by physical motion as well as the electronic reconfiguration (commonly used in prior programmable logic). In this paper, we present the development of a circuit for powering the digital logic portion of FPRAs. We assume for physical motion the FPRA uses MEMS-based scratch drive actuator (SDA) micro-robots like those developed by Donald et al. [2] as a foundation to build other features needed to develop FPRA. We validate this by developing Verilog-A model of an electrostatic actuator and simulating in Cadence AMS (Analog Mixed Signal) environment.
A Closer Look at the Psychometric Properties of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale–Second Edition Among U.S. Elementary and Secondary School Students:

The psychometric properties of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale–Second Edition (RCMAS-2) were examined in a sample of 1,003 U.S. elementary and secondary students in Grades 2 to 12. Co...
A moving radioactive source tracking and detection system

In this paper we investigate the tracking and detection of moving radioactive sources using an array of sensors that are deployed along the highway to collect gamma particle counts. When a potential radioactive source carrier passes by the array of sensors, gamma particle counts are collected and are sent to a fusion center for estimating vehicle motion state using particle filter technique. Then the radioactive sources detection is carried out using likelihood ratio test scheme. The performance of tracking and detection test scheme is shown by the numerical result.
Force field for the atomistic simulation of the properties of hydrazine, organic hydrazine derivatives, and energetic hydrazinium ionic liquids*

A force field (FF) is reported for hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) and organic hydrazine deriva- tives, including monomethylhydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, monoethyl hydrazine, and 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine. The FF successfully reproduces a range of equilibrium properties, including vapor-liquid coexistence densities, vapor pressures, enthalpies of vaporization, and critical properties. Several dynamic properties, including self-diffusion coefficients and rota- tional time constants, are reported and found to be qualitatively consistent with experimental viscosities. Using this as a basis, a FF is also developed for the protonated forms of these species, i.e., hydrazinium-based cations. Properties of 1:1 energetic salts formed by pairing these cations with the nitrate anion are computed and compared with a limited amount of ex- perimental data. The simulations indicate that the ionic liquid (IL) 2-hydroxyethylhydra - zinum nitrate (2-HEHN) has significantly slower dynamics than the other hydrazinium ILs.
Determination of partition coefficients and aqueous solubilities by reverse phase chromatography--I : Theory and background

Part I of this series examined the chemical and thermodynamic principles underlying the solubility and partitioning characteristics of non-electrolyte organic compounds in aqueous systems. It further considered those concepts which interrelate solubility and partitioning phenomena with retentive behavior in reverse phase liquid chromatography. Conceptual and predictive models which intercorrelate solubility, octanol/water partitioning, and reverse phase retention times were developed. Part II of the seres evaluates the relative predictive abilities of these models for a wide range of different classes of organic pollutants. The results reveal that the reverse phase liquid chromatography models developed in Part I provide good estimates of octanol/water coefficients and aqueous solubilities from experimentally determined chromatographic retention times. Models structured to predict aqueous solubilities from octanol/water partition coefficient data were also found to provide reasonable estimates, but require as input physical and chemical parameters which are not readily accessible.
Lobbying Behavior of Governmental Entities: Evidence from Public Pension Accounting Rules

We examine the lobbying behavior of state governments in the development of recently issued public pension accounting standards GASB 67 and 68. Consistent with opportunistic motivations, we find that states’ opposition to the liability increasing provisions embedded in these standards is increasing in the severity of pension plan underfunding, state budget deficits, and the use of high discount rates. Further we find opposing states are subject to more stringent balanced budget requirements and greater political pressure from unions. By contrast, we find evidence that the support from financial statement users for these provisions is amplified in states with poorly funded plans and large budget deficits, suggesting government lobbying is misaligned with a public interest perspective. We also find evidence that user support varies by type: internal users (public employees) overwhelmingly oppose the standards, relative to external users (credit analysts and the broader citizenry) but the difference is moderated in states with constitutionally protected benefits. This finding is consistent with the expectation that pension accounting reform will motivate cuts in pension benefits as opposed to increased levels of funding from the governments. Analyses of 2011 and 2012 state pension reforms confirm that states opposed to accounting reform are more likely to cut pension benefits.
Efficiency of Interprocess Communication Protocols for Computer Networks

Reliable and efficient communication in computer networks requires specialized communication protocols. Previous research has emphasized system performance at lower levels, within the communication network itself, while this work considers the efficiency of protocols for communication between processes in the host computers attached to a computer network. Throughput and delay are chosen as the primary performance measures. Network transmission characteristics, protocol parameters, and process behavior all interact in determining the efficiency of communication between remote processes. Models are developed to determine the impact of protocol parameters such as retransmission interval, window size, buffer allocation, packet size, and acknowledgment strategy on protocol performance. Several graphs showing quantitative performance results for representative situations are included.
Treadmill attack on gait-based authentication systems

In this paper, we demonstrate that gait patterns of an individual captured through a smartphone accelerometer can be imitated with the support of a digital treadmill. Furthermore, we design an attack for a baseline gait based authentication system (GBAS) and rigorously test its performance over an eighteen user data-set. By employing only two imitators and using a simple digital treadmill with speed control functionality, the attack increases the average false acceptance rate (FAR) from 5.8% to 43.66% for random forest, the best performing classifier in our experiments. More specifically, the FAR of eleven out of eighteen users increased to 70% or more. Our results call for a revisit of the design of the GBAS to make them resilient to such attacks.
Stimulation of parabrachial neurons elicits a sympathetically mediated pressor response in cats

We examined the role of the parabrachial neuronal mass in mediating the pressor response to electrical stimulation of parabrachial nucleus (PBN). In anesthetized cats, 100 mM L-glutamate (L-glu) was microinjected into PBN at sites from which low-intensity (25 microA) electrical stimulation evoked a pressor response. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and, in some animals, renal or phrenic nerve activity were monitored. Microinjection of L-glu caused an increase in arterial pressure that was comparable with that elicited by low-intensity electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation, and to a lesser extent L-glu microinjection, caused an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity but no significant change in heart rate. No consistent change in central respiratory drive accompanied the pressor response. These responses were preserved after baroreceptor denervation but were blocked by intravenous administration of the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine. Microinjection into PBN of 2 mM kainic acid, which selectively depolarizes neurons but spares axons, reversibly blocked the arterial pressure and renal nerve responses to the 25-microA electrical stimulus. We conclude that the pressor response elicited by electrical stimulation of PBN in the anesthetized cat is mediated by cellular elements in PBN, not by fibers of passage. Because phentolamine completely blocked the pressor response, we suggest that it is subserved peripherally by sympathetic alpha-adrenergic rather than humoral (e.g., angiotensin, vasopressin) vasoconstrictor mechanisms. Finally, our data indirectly suggest that PBN stimulation may differentially engage efferent components of the sympathetic nervous system to elicit the pressor response.
Soil loss reduction in Finley Creek, Indiana: An economic analysis of alternative policies

ABSTRACT: Analysis of a central Indiana watershed indicates that soil erosion and sed-mentation are dynamic processes requiring careful study of alternative control programs. There are substantial differences in the efficiency and effectiveness of alternative soil loss and sedimentation reduction programs. There would be substantial savings from a policy of targeting within watersheds, in terms of soil loss reduction per dollar of program cost. Also, the within-watershed targeting concept is analyzed for both reduced tillage and for conversion of acreage to crops less conducive to soil erosion.
Rib Stress Fracture in a Collegiate Softball Pitcher: A Case Report.

Case: We present the case of a twenty-one-year-old right-hand-throwing, right-hand-batting female softball pitcher who presented with a three-month history of right rib pain. A bone scan showed increased uptake in the lateral aspect of the right seventh rib, consistent with a stress fracture. The patient was managed nonoperatively and made a full recovery. Conclusion: The forces created by the attachment of the serratus anterior during underhand throwing are the likely etiology of the injury in our patient. Physicians should maintain a high clinical index of suspicion for stress fracture in underhand athletes with lateral rib pain.