cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Extracellular Matrices Produced by Cultured Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts secrete and organize extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support for their adhesion, migration, and tissue organization, besides regulating cellular functions such as growth and survival. Cell-to-matrix interactions are vital for vertebrate development. Disorders in these processes have been associated with fibrosis, developmental malformations, cancer, and other diseases. This unit describes a method for preparing a three-dimensional matrix derived from NIH-3T3 cells; the matrix is three-dimensions, cell and debris free, and attached to a two-dimensional culture surface. Cell adhesion and spreading are normal on these matrices. This matrix can also be compressed into a two-dimensional matrix and solubilized to study the matrix biochemically.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of aconiazide, a potentially less toxic isoniazid prodrug.

Study Objective. To determine the bioavailability and renal elimination of isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, monoacetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine, aconiazide, and 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid. Study Design. Randomized, double-blind, two-period, crossover phase I study. Setting. Pharmacokinetics unit at a referral hospital that specializes in the treatment of mycobacterial infections. Subjects. Twelve healthy volunteers selected from the hospital staff. Interventions. Subjects received aconiazide tablets 650 mg (containing isoniazid 300 mg) and isoniazid tablets 300 mg. Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours after the dose. Measurements and Main Results. Intact aconiazide and 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid were not detected in the serum. Compared with isoniazid tablets, aconiazide's relative bioavailability (based on the area under the serum concentration-time curve) was 50.7%; its relative maximum serum concentration was 13.4%. Conclusions. Isoniazid is less bioavailable after aconiazide tablets than after isoniazid tablets. The optimum dose of aconiazide remains to be determined.
Agricultural Sciences and Technology

The agricultural sciences include the plant, animal, and food sciences; soil science; agricultural engineering and entomology; as well as related fields such as agricultural economics, rural sociology, nutrition, forestry, fisheries, and home economics. Historians, economists, sociologists, and philosophers have all studied agricultural sciences and technology, although there are few links among these four approaches. Current studies include those of biotechnologies, nanotechnologies, relations between science and colonialism, returns to agricultural research, and the relations between public and private research in agriculture.
Governing with information technologies

Visions of Digital Government see people easily accessing government information while simultaneously encouraging a more efficient, transparent, and accountable government. The implementation of these visions requires government to carefully consider the design of information technologies or "code", i.e., the physical hardware, software and architecture of information technologies. This research seeks an understanding of how choices in code can govern or regulate society. This will improve the ability of digital government to meet societal goals and concerns through modifications of code.
Strategic Change in Government Based on Organization Hierarchy and Role

Four types of strategic change were examined within government organizations: services, structure, culture, and technology. There are many stereotypes about the ability of the federal government ability to actually implement change. This study shows which types of agencies are more able to change than others. The purpose of the research was to determine if some categories of government organizations are more able to change than are others. The study specifically looked at differences in hierarchy level of agencies, purposes for the agencies, military and civilian agencies, and various sizes based on employment levels. A survey instrument was administered to top agency leaders to sample change activity that occurs within their organization. Three models were developed to test for a positive relationship between organization hierarchy and roles and their respective strategic change actions. The differences between the categories was found to be most significant in the area of restructuring and risk taking.
"La teoría de las profesiones". Estado del arte

Este trabajo examina las tendencias en el estudio de las profesiones, desde los primeros intentos, en los anos sesenta, hasta su conformacion critica en los ochenta, y evalua la validez de ciertos estudios para teorizar en ese campo. Para ello, clarifica la naturaleza del concepto de "profesion", acotando su naturaleza dentro de una concepcion generica de las ocupaciones. Asimismo, aborda el concepto como una construccion historica de ciertas sociedades, y analiza de manera general el desarrollo, uso y consecuencias que tal concepto tiene en esas sociedades. Finalmente, trata el problema de la definicion, su relatividad y parcialidad, y apunta posibles lineas de investigacion para continuar con su estudio critico
A new framework for engineering science education

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new framework for engineering science education-a systems and accounting framework. This framework helps students build connections between subjects that are usually perceived by students and often taught by faculty as being totally unconnected.
Language, Perspective, and Memory

The ability to take the perspective of another person is ubiquitous in many everyday cognitive activities. In particular, it allows people to communicate efficiently with conversational partners. Speakers tailor what they say based on the listener's knowledge and, likewise, listeners use what they know about the speaker to better understand what the speaker means. In this essay, we review foundational research on the role of perspective-taking in the domain of language processing and describe new lines of work that are beginning to explore the memory processes that support the efficient use of perspectives in conversation. We then discuss key avenues for future research, such as investigating whether the type of perspective-taking involved in creating memory reminders draws on the same underlying cognitive processes as in the domain of language processing. Exploring this interface between language, perspective-taking, and memory will require interdisciplinary crosstalk and integration of methodologies across the domains of memory and language research. Keywords: perspective-taking; common ground; language processing; discourse; memory; cue generation; source memory; multiple memory systems
Vitamin E γ-Tocotrienol Inhibits Cytokine-Stimulated NF-κB Activation by Induction of Anti-Inflammatory A20 via Stress Adaptive Response Due to Modulation of Sphingolipids

NF-κB plays a central role in pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer. Many phytochemicals, including γ-tocotrienol (γTE), a natural form of vitamin E, have been shown to inhibit NF-κB activation, but the underlying mechanism has not been identified. In this study, we show that γTE inhibited cytokine-triggered activation of NF-κB and its upstream regulator TGF-β-activated kinase-1 in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. In these cells, γTE induced upregulation of A20, an inhibitor of NF-κB. Knockout of A20 partially diminished γTE's anti-NF-κB effect, but γTE increased another NF-κB inhibitor, Cezanne, in A20(-/-) cells. In search of the reason for A20 upregulation, we found that γTE treatment increased phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2, IκBα, and JNK, indicating induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed that γTE modulated sphingolipids, including enhancement of intracellular dihydroceramides, sphingoid bases in de novo synthesis of the sphingolipid pathway. Chemical inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis partially reversed γTE's induction of A20 and the anti-NF-κB effect. The importance of dihydroceramide increase is further supported by the observation that C8-dihydroceramide mimicked γTE in upregulating A20, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and attenuating TNF-triggered NF-κB activation. Our study identifies a novel anti-NF-κB mechanism where A20 is induced by stress-induced adaptive response as a result of modulation of sphingolipids, and it demonstrates an immunomodulatory role of dihydrocermides.
Toward a better understanding of the comparatively high prostate cancer incidence rates in Utah.

Background This study assesses whether comparatively high prostate cancer incidence rates among white men in Utah represent higher rates among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormons), who comprise about 70% of the state's male population, and considers the potential influence screening has on these rates.
Not ‘me – but a supposed person’: Emily Dickinson’s Non-Referential Correspondence

This essay takes issue with the notion of Dickinson as the poet of privacy and argues that her conception of authorship involved a concentrated effort to break traditional conventions and assumptions regarding private communication and literary production. The uniqueness of Dickinson's poetry stems from its cryptic, deceptive, and fierce simplicity, and she achieves the illusion of simplicity through a meticulous attention to diction. Dickinson consciously works with the established notions of public and private during the nineteenth century, and uses the assumed simplicity of the distinction to develop a "new department" of prose and poetry that centers on manuscript construction and circulation. Dickinson's manuscripts reveal a sustained commitment to breaking the generic conventions of lyric poetry and epistolary prose. Readers since the nineteenth century have searched within Dickinson's correspondence for a static, autobiographical "I" in order to make the lyric "I" of her poetry more clear. However, assuming a static "I" proves problematic in both genres. Readers have sought an explanation of the poetry in Dickinson's biography, and they often turn to the letters as evidence, but a static voice in the correspondence proves to be an illusion. In contrast to the spontaneous, natural, and emotional letters that proper nineteenth-century women were supposed to write, Dickinson makes private communication artful. Dickinson's body of work represents a meticulous exploration into the power of un-occasional, non-referential prose and poetry.
Second language learners' use of marginal glosses

The use of marginal reading glosses by 18 second language (L2) learners is examined through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of audiotaped think-aloud protocols. How these readers interact with the glosses is identified and divided into five categories or gloss interactions. Examples from each are presented. The primary research question investigated is the following: In print medium, how do intermediate-level readers of L2 Spanish interact with and apply marginal glosses? More specifically, as identified through think-aloud oral expression, how is readers' comprehension positively or negatively influenced by marginal gloss use? Findings reveal that although the participants used the glosses to facilitate comprehension 54% of the time, unanticipated uses are also identifiable. Included are examples and suggestions for promoting reading comprehension through marginal gloss use.
Psychiatric symptoms and their relationship to suicidal ideation in a high-risk adolescent community sample

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of the current study was to investigate the importance of diagnostic factors in the prediction of adolescent suicidal ideation in a high-risk community sample. Method Seventy-three high school students, aged 14 to 18 years, identified by school personnel as exhibiting emotional disturbance participated in the study. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic Version 5, and suicidal ideation with the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Method Seventy-four percent of the sample met criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Continuous measures of psychiatric symptoms provided stronger prediction of suicidal ideation than dichotomous measures. In particular, severity of symptoms associated with mood disorders afforded the strongest prediction of suicidal ideation. Moreover, although significantly related to suicidal ideation at the bivariate level, symptoms associated with disruptive behavior, anxiety, and substance use disorders did not predict suicidal ideation over and above mood disorder symptoms. Conclusions Adolescents presenting with emotional disturbance should be carefully screened for depression given the strong relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, improved prediction of suicidal ideation may be obtained through the utilization of continuous measures of psychiatric symptoms in suicide research.
Pixel-matched holographic data storage with megabit pages.

Digital data-page holograms consisting of 1024×1024 arrays of binary pixels have been stored and subsequently retrieved with an optical exposure consistent with a data rate 1 Gbit/s. Each input pixel was precisely registered with a single detector pixel, and a raw bit-error rate as low as 2.4×10-6 was demonstrated with global-threshold detection. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the often-cited goal of holographic data storage of megabit data pages and a gigabit-per-second data rate.
Proof testing — the effects of slow crack growth

Abstract When slow crack growth occurs during proof testing, the extent of the crack growth while unloading from the proof stress has a substantial effect on the minimum predicted in-service failure time. It is essential that this crack growth is minimized to achieve effective failure prediction. Analyses are presented which show that the detrimental effects can be negated by environmental control during proof testing and/or rapid unloading from the proof stress; the requisite combination of unloading rate and environmental control is determinated separately for each system.
Experimental acute gastric dilation and torsion in the dog--1. Changes in biochemical and acid-base parameters.

Acute gastric dilation and torsion with dilation were produced in eleven dogs anaesthetized with halothane. Blood samples were taken during these procedures for biochemical analyses. Serum potassium did not change significantly, but there was a significant increase (p>0-05) after release of the dilation with torsion. Renal function was impaired with significant increases (p > 0-05) in the serum concentration of urea nitrogen, phosphorous, and creatinine. Evidence of cellular damage was reflected by a significant elevation (p>0-05) in glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity. Serum glucose concentration increased significantly (p >0-05) during experimental gastric dilation and dilation with torsion. Significant (p > 0-05) acidosis occurred during both gastric dilation alone and gastric torsion with dilation. Changes in pCO2 and pO2 were generally not significant. Arterial HCO3 values were significantly reduced (P>0-05) 60 minutes after gastric dilation and continued to decrease during gastric torsion with dilation. It was deduced that gastric dilation with or without torsion was associated with metabolic acidosis.
Cactus Alkaloids XLII: 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine and Heliamine from the Mexican Cereoid Backebergia Militaris

Backebergia militaris (Andot) Bravo ex Sanchez Mejorada yielded alkaloid crystals from a fractionated ethanol extract of only 20 g of plant material. The alkaloid was identified as heliamine (6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) hydrochloride. A second alkaloid, 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine hydrochloride, was crystallized after preparative TLC of the mother liquors. Both compounds were isolated previously from other cactus species.
Kinase Activator-Receiver Preference in ErbB Heterodimers Is Determined by Intracellular Regions and Is Not Coupled to Extracellular Asymmetry

Abstract The EGF receptor (EGFR) family comprises four homologs in humans collectively known as the ErbB or HER proteins. ErbB proteins are receptor tyrosine kinases that become activated when ligands bind to their extracellular regions and promote formation of specific homo- and heterodimers with enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. An essential feature of ErbB activation is formation of an asymmetric kinase dimer in which the C-terminal lobe of one kinase serves as the activator or donor kinase by binding the N-terminal lobe of a receiver or acceptor kinase and stabilizing its active conformation. ErbB extracellular regions are also thought to form active asymmetric dimers in which only one subunit binds ligand. The observation that the unliganded ErbB2 kinase preferentially serves as the activator kinase when paired with EGFR/ErbB1 implied that extracellular asymmetry in ErbB proteins might be coupled to intracellular asymmetry with unliganded partners favoring the activator kinase position. Using cell-based stimulation assays and chimeric ErbB proteins, we show that extracellular asymmetry is not coupled to intracellular asymmetry and that ErbB intracellular regions are sufficient to determine relative kinase activator-receiver orientation. We further show a hierarchy of activator-receiver preferences among ErbB proteins, with EGFR/ErbB1 being the strongest receiver, followed by ErbB2 and then ErbB4, and that cis-phosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB2 appears to be negligible. This hierarchy shapes the nature of signaling responses to different ligands in cells expressing multiple ErbB proteins.
INTERACTION OF TYPE OF TRANSPLANT WITH INTRAOPERATIVE PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF) UNDERGOING LUNG TRANSPLANTATION

Purpose: Recent data suggest bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) leads to worse outcomes compared with single lung transplantation (SLT) in IPF patients. BLT is often used in patients with pulmonary hypertension, which on its own can lead to poor outcomes. In prior studies, PAP was measured at different times prior to transplantation. The current study assesses the interaction of intraoperative PAP with type of transplant on outcomes. Methods and Materials: A retrospective cohort study including all transplant recipients with IPF at the University of Pennsylvania was undertaken. Intraoperative PAP was utilized for the study. Patients were divided in groups based on median PAP and type of transplant. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and groups were compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used for multivariable analysis. Results: 84 patients were included in the study. The median systolic, diastolic and mean PAP were 43, 21 and 29, respectively. 22/84 (26.2%) of patients received BLT. Patients undergoing SLT with high mean PAP ( 29mmHg) had better survival (Figure; p 0.021). Results were similar when other PAP measurements were used. In multivariable analysis type of transplant and PADP were significant predictors of outcomes: A. BLT hazard ratio for death 2.22 (1.03-4.78); B. PADP hazard ratio for death for each increase of 1mmHg 0.96 (0.92-0.99). Conclusions: BLT appears to lead to worse outcomes in patients with IPF, especially with elevated PAP. It is possible that longer operating times for BLT recipients, or selection of patients for SLT led to these results. Multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings. 316
Adaptive Aiding of Human-Robot Teaming Effects of Imperfect Automation on Performance, Trust, and Workload

In many emerging civilian and military operations, human operators are increasingly being tasked to supervise multiple robotic uninhabited vehicles (UVs) with the support of automation. As 100% automation reliability cannot be assured, it is important to understand the effects of automation imperfection on performance. In addition, adaptive aiding may help counter any adverse effects of static (fixed) automation. Using a high-fidelity multi-UV simulation involving both air and ground vehicles, two experiments examined the effects of automation reliability and adaptive automation on human-system performance with different levels of task load. In Experiment 1, participants performed a reconnaissance mission while assisted with an automatic target recognition (ATR) system whose reliability was low, medium, or high. Overall human-robot team performance was higher than with either human or ATR performance alone. In Experiment 2, participants performed a similar reconnaissance mission with no ATR, static automa...
The Radar Beacon Comes Into Its Own

This article tells the missile radar-beacon story from the beginning of V-2 missile firing in America until today. It compares the weight, dimensions, characteristics, and uses of former beacons with those used today. It also describes briefly new beacons under development, and tells how some of the future missiles and satellites may use these beacons.
Fluorescence spectrum of chlorine dioxide induced by the 4765 Å argon-ion laser line

Author Institution: Division of Physics, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa; Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemistry, Rice University Houston
Mixed methods application in health intervention research: A multiple case study

AbstractThis paper explores the application of mixed methods in health intervention research through analyzing 60 published journal articles and six one-on-one interviews with the lead authors, and discusses the procedure, benefits and challenges of using mixed methods in designing and conducting evidence-based health intervention research. I chose a multiple case study approach to gain in-depth knowledge of the current applications of mixed methods in health intervention. Collective case study data were obtained from in-depth interviews and published mixed methods articles on health intervention in three health science areas. Results showed the unique advantages of applying mixed methods within the context of implementation research. Qualitative data can be collected before, during, or after the intervention to inform a better intervention design, to provide descriptions of the implementation process, or to explore the in-depth reason of quantitative results. In mixed methods research the rigor of the st...
Deterministic Chaos in an Experimental Economic System

Abstract An experiment with a simulated macroeconomic system demonstrates that the decision-making processes of agents can produce deterministic chaos. Subjects managed capital investment in a simple multiplier-accelerator economy. Performance, however, was systematically suboptimal. A model of the subjects' decision rule is proposed and related to prior studies of dynamic decision making. Econometric estimates show the model is an excellent representation of the actual decisions. The estimated rules are then simulated to evaluate the stability of the subjects' decision processes. While the majority of the estimated rules are stable, approximately 40% yield a variety of dynamics including limit cycles, period multiples, and chaos. Analysis of the parameter space reveals a complex bifurcation structure. Implications for models of human systems and experimental studies of economic dynamics are explored.
The teaching of cellular and molecular biology: A survey of program directors in internal medicine

PURPOSE : Although there has been an explosion in our knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, it is unclear if medical students entering internal medicine residency programs have been adequately trained in these basic sciences. To ascertain the perceived importance of these subjects to the practice of medicine and to determine if medical schools are properly training their students, a survey was sent to internal medicine program directors. METHODS : A survey was sent to 401 internal medicine program directors. Repeat questionnaires were sent if no response was received within 6 months. RESULTS : Questionnaires were returned by 309 program directors (77%). Only 41% of the program directors felt that their residents had received adequate training in cellular and molecular biology. Directors of university programs were significantly more likely to think that knowledge of these sciences was essential to the practice of medicine and that their residents were inadequately trained than directors from nonuniversity programs. Only 30% of programs offered any formal training in these sciences. CONCLUSION : Medical schools need to reevaluate their curricula in order to integrate the basic sciences into all 4 years. Training in these sciences, however, should not stop with graduation. The importance of a knowledge of these sciences should be emphasized at all training programs.
Bacterial Community Structure Along Moisture Gradients in the Parafluvial Sediments of Two Ephemeral Desert Streams

Microorganisms inhabiting stream sediments mediate biogeochemical processes of importance to both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In deserts, the lateral margins of ephemeral stream channels (parafluvial sediments) are dried and rewetted, creating periodically wet conditions that typically enhance microbial activity. However, the influence of water content on microbial community composition and diversity in desert stream sediments is unclear. We sampled stream margins along gradients of wet to dry sediments, measuring geochemistry and bacterial 16S rRNA gene composition, at streams in both a cold (McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica) and hot (Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA) desert. Across the gradients, sediment water content spanned a wide range (1.6–37.9% w/w), and conductivity was highly variable (12.3–1,380 μS cm−2). Bacterial diversity (at 97% sequence similarity) was high and variable, but did not differ significantly between the hot and cold desert and was not correlated with sediment water content. Instead, conductivity was most strongly related to diversity. Water content was strongly related to bacterial 16S rRNA gene community composition, though samples were distributed in wet and dry clusters rather than as assemblages shifting along a gradient. Phylogenetic analyses showed that many taxa from wet sediments at the hot and cold desert site were related to, respectively, halotolerant Gammaproteobacteria, and one family within the Sphingobacteriales (Bacteroidetes), while dry sediments at both sites contained a high proportion of taxa related to the Acidobacteria. These results suggest that bacterial diversity and composition in desert stream sediments is more strongly affected by hydrology and conductivity than temperature.
Investment and liquidation in renegotiation-proof contracts with moral hazard

Abstract In a long-term contract with moral hazard, the liquidation of the firm can arise as the outcome of the optimal contract. However, if the future production capability or market opportunities remain unchanged, liquidation may not be free from renegotiation. Will the firm ever be liquidated if we allow for renegotiation? This paper shows that the firm can still be liquidated even though liquidation is not free from renegotiation in the long-term contract. In addition to liquidation, the renegotiation-proof contract generates important features of the investment behavior and dynamics of firms observed in the data.
Measuring yield risk effects of new technologies with on-farm trials: A case study in north Cameroon

Abstract A method is demonstrated to measure the yield risk associated with new technologies. The method, based on the concept of stochastic production and the method of moments, is applied to measure the mean and variance of the yield for some new technologies introduced in Cameroon in 1986–1989 under the SAFGRAD Project. The data used for the study include a long time series for weather and a short cross-sectional/time series for yield-weather-technology relationships.
Bamboo in the economy of Oriental peoples

As ornamental subjects and as the source of raw material for papermaking, textiles, basketry, matting, rope, house construction, furniture, bridges and fishing equipment, bamboos have a greater diversity of uses in the Orient than any other group of closely related plants.
Morganella morganii: A Newly Reported, Rare Cause of Neonatal Sepsis

This case report reviews the clinical course of an 11-day-old boy who developed late-onset neonatal sepsis secondary to a rare neonatal pathogen, Morganella morganii. This gram-negative enteric bacterium, within the Enterobacteriaceae family, has most commonly been a nosocomial pathogen in debilitated, postsurgical patients. Like many other Enterobacteriaceae, M. morganii has an inducible beta-lactamase and is resistant to multiple antibiotics. When caring for neonates with culture-proven M. morganii sepsis, the authors recommend administering both a third-generation cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside to ensure that both antibiotics are bactericidal and to reduce the induction of resistance.
Inherited partial trisomy #15 complicated by neuroblastoma

Abstract The proband in this study had multiple congenital malformations and a constitutional 46,XY,−13,+der(13),t(13;15)(q34;q23)mat chromosome complement. A bone marrow aspirate revealed neuroblastoma, and cytogenetic studies on tumor cells revealed, in addition to the partial trisomy #15 and probable partial monosomy #13, hypotetraploidy with a mean chromosome number of 82–84, including 3 or 4 copies of each autosome, 2 X chromosomes, no Y chromosome, and a marker. Translocations involving chromosomes #1, #2, #3, #7, and #14 were present, along with multiple double minutes. The possibility that the inherited partial trisomy #15 (and/or partial chromosome #13 monosomy) predisposed to neuroblastoma and additional chromosome changes in this tumor is discussed.
The impact of thermal events on amylose-fatty acid complexes

The molecular behavior of amylose-lipid complexes was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. rapid viscoanalysis and texture analysis methods. Three amyloses were fractionated, one each from regular, 50% amylose and 70% amylose corn starches. High performance size exclusion chromatography, coupled with multiple angle laser light scattering, was used to determine amylose molecular weight profiles; fractions differed statistically (P<0.05) in their z-average molecular weights (M z ). Each amylose fraction was complexed with five different fatty acids. After 12 days of storage, amylose-lipid complexes had recrystallization percentages ranging from 42.7 to 98.2%. Cohesiveness (r = -0.84) and adhesiveness (r = -0.75) decreased with increasing M z of amyloses (P<0.05). An inverse relationship was obtained between fatty acid chain length and percent recrystallization (r = -0.84, P<0.05). Percent recrystallization decreased when fatty acid chain length increased from C16:0 to C18:0. All complex samples, when adjusted to an equal total starch basis, had decreased viscosities when pasted compared to their native starch or amylose counterparts. Shear thinning of complexes increased with increasing molecular weight (M z ) of amyloses (r = 0.71, P<0.05). Lower recrystallization rates and decreased viscosity properties could be accomplished complexing by amylose and fatty acids.
Nanoclusters in Zeolite

Nanoclusters of Se, Rb-Se, and Cs-Se were incorporated in the supercages of Y zeolite. Anomalous x-ray scattering established that the Se clusters take the form of weakly interacting chains with a disordered structure similar to that of amorphous Se, while the Rb-Se and Cs-Se clusters contain Se{sup 2{minus}}{sub 2} Zintl ions as in crystalline and liquid bulk phases. The Raman spectra of the nanoclusters exhibit features found in the bulk disordered phases. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Some house-dust control measures and abundance of Dermatophagoides mites in southern California (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).

House-dust samples from beddings and floors of house-dust sensitive patients in southern California were collected with a house-dust concentrator attachment. House-dust mites ( Dermatophagoides spp.) were washed and isolated from the dust using the volumetric washing technique. In 10 houses Dermatophagoides abundance on the surface of mattresses encased with plastic was significantly lower than abundance on comparable nonencased mattresses at the 5% probability level. Sequential vacuuming (3 times) of hard-surface flooring and carpeting near beds removed mites completely from the smooth surface but not from the carpeting. The abundance of mites on the floor under plastic-encased bedding was significantly lower (at 5% level) than on the floors under comparable nonencased bedding in the same houses. The average age of heavily mite-infested houses was 27 years; houses with light infestations (10 mites/ml dust) were 14 years old on the average. Heavier Dermatophagoides mite infestations were found in bedrooms sleeping more individuals on a regular basis. Higher levels of infestation were associated with observably poorer levels of housekeeping and sanitation. A 25-year-old mattress, infested heavily with house-dust mites, was sequentially surface-vacuumed in the laboratory and, after such vacuuming, the cloth covering and fiberfill were analyzed for mite density, using our standard volumetric washing technique. Four sequential vacuumings of the same area removed 9% of the dead mites, 4.5% of the living mites. A study of the spatial distribution of the Dermatophagoides population showed the highest densities at or near the mattress cording and at the surface of the fiberfill, suggesting that the living mites are confined to or close to the surface of the mattress fiberfill and cloth covering.
Distribution of values of bounded generalized polynomials

A generalized polynomial is a real-valued function which is obtained from conventional polynomials by the use of the operations of addition, multiplication, and taking the integer part; a generalized polynomial mapping is a vector-valued mapping whose coordinates are generalized polynomials. We show that any bounded generalized polynomial mapping u: Zd → Rl has a representation u(n) = f(ϕ(n)x), n ∈ Zd, where f is a piecewise polynomial function on a compact nilmanifold X, x ∈ X, and ϕ is an ergodic Zd-action by translations on X. This fact is used to show that the sequence u(n), n ∈ Zd, is well distributed on a piecewise polynomial surface \(\mathcal{S}\subset\mathbf{R}^{l}\) (with respect to the Borel measure on \(\mathcal{S}\) that is the image of the Lebesgue measure under the piecewise polynomial function defining \(\mathcal{S}\)). As corollaries we also obtain a von Neumann-type ergodic theorem along generalized polynomials and a result on Diophantine approximations extending the work of van der Corput and of Furstenberg–Weiss.
Enriching text representation with frequent pattern mining for probabilistic topic modeling

Probabilistic topic models have been proven very useful for many text mining tasks. Although many variants of topic models have been proposed, most existing works are based on the bag-of-words representation of text in which word combination and order are generally ignored, resulting in inaccurate semantic representation of text. In this paper, we propose a general way to go beyond the bag-of-words representation for topic modeling by applying frequent pattern mining to discover frequent word patterns that can capture semantic associations between words and then using them as additional supplementary semantic units to augment the conventional bag-of-words representation. By viewing a topic model as a generative model for such augmented text data, we can go beyond the bag-of-words assumption to potentially capture more semantic associations between words. Since efficient algorithms for mining frequent word patterns are available, this general strategy for improving topic models can be applied to improve any topic models without substantially increasing the computational complexity of the model. Experiment results show that such a frequent pattern-based data enrichment approach can improve over two representative existing probabilistic topic models for the classification task. We also studied variations of frequent pattern usage in topic modeling and found that using compressed and closed patterns performs best.
Potential role for antiangiogenic proteins in the myocardial infarction repair process.

Abstract Objective Although angiogenic proteins have been identified as positive modulators of myocardial revascularization following acute myocardial infarction, little if anything is known regarding the role that antiangiogenic proteins have in myocardial revascularization. We explored the temporospatial distribution of endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide (EMAP) II to determine whether antiangiogenic proteins have a role in the repair of myocardial tissue following infarction. Methods A rat model of myocardial infarction was utilized to examine EMAP II distribution (in situ hybridization) and protein expression (Western analysis) over a 6-week period. Results At baseline, EMAP II protein and mRNA are minimally expressed with transcription products localizing predominately to the perivascular stroma region in the normal rat myocardium. Six hours following myocardial infarction, EMAP II changes its distribution from the perivascular stroma to an invading inflammatory cell population. This is associated with a 2-fold (P Conclusion Thus, the temporospatial distribution of this antiangiogenic protein suggests that negative vascular modulators may have a function in the revascularization process following acute myocardial infarction.
Family support, physical impairment, and adherence in hemodialysis: An investigation of main and buffering effects

Patient noncompliance is a pervasive problem among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Previous studies have implicated social support as an important correlate of adherence behavior in other chronic illness groups, but little research has examined this relationship in a hemodialysis population. The present study examined the main and interactive effects of social support in the family and illness-related physical impairment with regard to patient compliance in a sample of 78 hemodialysis patients. Results indicated that patients holding perceptions of a more supportive family environment exhibited significantly more favorable adherence to fluid-intake restrictions than did patients reporting less family support. Family support was not associated with adherence to dietary restrictions. The effect of family support on fluid-intake adherence was not moderated by level of physical impairment. This pattern suggests that the influence of support on adherence is more attributable to a main or direct effect, as opposed to a buffering process in the face of increased physical impairment.
Regulation of Photosynthesis in Triazine-Resistant and -Susceptible Brassica napus.

The response of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching to changes in intercellular CO2 partial pressure (Ci), O2 partial pressure, and leaf temperature (15-35°C) in triazine-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of Brassica napus were examined to determine the effects of the changes in the resistant biotype on the overall process of photosynthesis in intact leaves. Three categories of photosynthetic regulation were observed. The first category of photosynthetic response, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)-limited photosynthesis, was observed at 15, 25, and 35°C leaf temperatures with low Ci. When the carbon assimilation rate was Rubisco-limited, there was little difference between the resistant and susceptible biotypes, and Rubisco activity parameters were similar between the two biotypes. A second category, called feedback-limited photosynthesis, was evident at 15 and 25°C above 300 microbars Ci. The third category, photosynthetic electron transport-limited photosynthesis, was evident at 25 and 35°C at moderate to high CO2. At low temperature, when the response curves of carbon assimilation to Ci indicated little or no electron transport limitation, the carbon assimilation rate was similar in the resistant and susceptible biotypes. With increasing temperature, more electron transport-limited carbon assimilation was observed, and a greater difference between resistant and susceptible biotypes was observed. These observations reveal the increasing importance of photosynthetic electron transport in controlling the overall rate of photosynthesis in the resistant biotype as temperature increases. Photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qP) in the resistant biotype never exceeded 60%, and triazine resistance effects were more evident when the susceptible biotype had greater than 60% qP, but not when it had less than 60% qP.
At the frog neuromuscular junction prostaglandin synthase inhibitors depress and PGE2 partially restores quantal acetylcholine release

Abstract Indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. The drugs irreversibly decreased quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release at the frog neuromuscular junction and increased the latency of the stimulated response. Subsequent exposure to poostaglandin E2 increased e.p.p. amplitudes by increasing quantal release and the effectiveness of single quanta. These results resemble the effects of these agents on ACh release at parasympathetic-smooth muscle junctions.
Signposts on the neural path

New studies are elucidating the genetic pathways that control the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells.
Simulation-enabled decision making in advanced lithographic manufacturing

Spatial modeling methods to improve manufacturing implementation and evaluate process capability are described. The basic elements of the simulation environment are developed and applied to answer real world manufacturing questions on process transfer risks, exposure system quality and paths to improving manufacturing performance. The hidden value in process and tool characterization data is leveraged through predictive modeling techniques and the eventual ink of advanced modeling to process control on the manufacturing line is anticipated. This paper is written in survey fashion offering examples, suggestions and references for those interested in developing or improving a simulation infrastructure for lithographic manufacturing.
Comment on "reduction of the spin-orbit splittings at the n=28 shell closure".

A Comment on the Letter by L. Gaudefroy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 092501 (2006). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Therapeutic trials with tobramycin.

Abstract:Tobramycin, a new aminoglycoside, was utilized in the treatment of 82 infectious episodes in 73 cancer patients. Forty-four episodes (54 per cent) responded to this antibiotic. Pneumonia and septicemia were the most common infections treated (62 per cent) and the response rates were 47 and
Charge Reversion to Charge Carrying Positions of S4 in Voltage Gated Shaker K-Channels

Voltage gated Shaker potassium channels increases open probability (Po) by 20-fold with a ∼6 mV depolarization. Such high voltage sensitivity is mostly due to the electrophoretic transmembrane relocation of four arginines residues in each of their four voltage sensing protein domains (VSD). These arginines movement across the electric field make possible channel opening upon membrane depolarization. We tested if the positions occupied by the voltage sensing arginines could carry acidic residues. We mutated three of these positions to aspartate: Arg362, Arg365, and Arg368 on an N-type inactivation removed background Shaker channel. All mutations were introduced with the use of the QuikChange kit and the mutation was verified by sequencing. Heterologous expressed in Xenopus oocytes, all mutants showed levels of expression comparable to that of the native channel. To determine voltage sensitivity of these charge reverting modified channels, we measured the voltage dependency of Po at voltages negative enough to observe only sporadic single channel openings in membrane patches containing hundreds of channels. From the exponential relation between Po and voltage we estimated the effective valence of opening in the range of Po ∼10-6. All charge mutants showed an effective valence ∼50% of that of the native Shaker. These results together with the comparable level of channel expression in oocytes are consistent with the idea the voltage sensitive positions in S4 are not specific for basic residues.VGP was a doctoral Conicyt fellow and DN was financed by Fondecyt #1090493
Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glass with Good Soft Magnetic Properties

Bulk Fe73Nb3Al2Ge2P9C6B4Si1 metallic glass with the diameter of 2 mm was prepared by copper mold casting. The Fe-based metallic glass exhibits good magnetic properties with high saturation magnetization and low saturated magnetostriction. The saturation magnetization and coercive force remains almost unchanged with annealing temperature below the crystallization temperature. The crystallization leads to the decrease in the softness of magnetic properties. The Fe-based glass exhibits a good correspondence between large glass-forming ability and good soft magnetic properties.
Reflection and Transmission of Extraordinary Waves in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized Plasma I. Infinite Plasma

By retaining higher order terms in analysis, a more accurate expression for the reflection and transmission coefficients of an extraordinary wave propagating perpendicular to a static magnetic field through an infinite warm plasma is obtained. The result is compared with previous analytical and numerical results, the latter obtained by an integral equation method. In addition to occurring at resonances, the total reflection of the extraordinary wave is shown to also occur at anti-resonances with a standing wave of larger amplitude.
Fluctuations in sarcomere length in the chick anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles during isometric contraction.

Es wird gezeigt, dass die Schwankung der Sarkomerenlange bei Benutzung der «laser beam» — Methode wahrend der isometrischen Kontraktion der M. latissimi dorsi beim Huhnchen verschieden war. Der Schwankungsumfang war in den vorderen und hinteren Muskeln ungefahr gleich (900 A), hingegen war die Frequenz in den hinteren phasischen Muskeln dreimal hoher als in den vorderen tonischen Muskeln.
International aspects of the AIDS-HIV epidemic

This review provides...information on the epidemiology prevention and new technologies of the ongoing HIV pandemic. These aspects are key to international policy discussions surrounding the public health response to the international spread of HIV. Our understanding of the impact of AIDS on other diseases is evolving as is our insight into the demographic and economic effects of the epidemic on the global community. Observations on the success of certain prevention strategies allow rational allocation of resources in newly affected epidemic areas. Information on the origin and nature of HIV transmission exemplifies the phenomenon of global emerging infections. As world populations are brought closer together through transportation communication trade and commerce insight into emerging infections of epidemic potential becomes increasingly important to the practitioner of public health. (EXCERPT)