cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AB0539 Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Population-Based Study

Background Systemic inflammation is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis; chronic inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is similar to SLE, with complex gene-environment interactions, autoimmunity and immune-mediated cutaneous damage. It is not known whether CLE is associated with an increased risk of CVD. Objectives We estimated the cumulative incidence of CVD in a population-based cohort of patients with CLE, and compared the risk with an age- and sex-matched cohort without CLE. Methods Patients with subtypes of CLE (discoid, subacute cutaneous lupus, lupus panniculitis and bullous lupus) were identified from a population-based cohort from 1965-2005. Age- and sex-matched subjects without CLE were selected from the same population. Cardiovascular events (coronary artery disease [CAD], myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease) were collected via medical record review for a random sample of 66 of the 156 patients with CLE and the non-CLE subjects matched to them. The cumulative incidence of CVD was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox models were used to estimate the relative risk of CVD in patients with CLE compared to non-CLE after adjustment for age, sex and calendar year. Results We identified 66 patients with CLE (mean age at time of CLE diagnosis, 55±14y; 64% females; 68% Caucasian; mean BMI, 27.3±7.2 kg/m2; 35% current smokers), who were followed over a median follow-up of 12.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 8.1-17.3y). Positive antinuclear antibody, anti-SSA and anti-SSB were seen in 48%, 47% and 18% of patients with CLE, respectively. Median ESR was 11 mm/hour (IQR, 4.0-25.0) and CRP 2.9 mg/dL (IQR 1.5-3.9). In this cohort, 9% were diabetic, 59% were hypertensive, 35% had hyperlipidemia and 8% had a family history of CAD; these risk factors were comparably distributed in 66 age- and sex-matched controls, except a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (53%, p=0.036). During follow-up, we observed 24 cardiovascular events (including 7 cases of myocardial infarction) in patients with CLE. The cumulative 1-, 5- and 10-year incidence of cardiovascular events after diagnosis of CLE was 7.3%, 15.3% and 33.2%, respectively. As compared to subjects without CLE, the risk of all cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-2.49; p=0.29) or myocardial infarction (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.77-2.49; p=0.29) was not significantly higher in patients with CLE. Conclusions The 10-year risk of cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort of patients with CLE is 33%. This risk is not increased as compared to age- and sex-matched non-CLE controls. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Unexplained Female Infertility

When considering treatment options for couples with unexplained infertility the initial approach often involves intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with ovulation induction. Aromatase inhibition is a newer method of ovulation induction that has been used and studied as an alternative to clomiphene citrate (CC) to treat patients with unexplained infertility. Letrozole has been studied for its use as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technologies in an attempt to minimize the dose of costly gonadotropins needed and to overcome the adverse peripheral effects of clomiphene on the endometrium. Use of letrozole may eventually supersede that of clomiphene if the results of ongoing multicenter trials provide definitive evidence that letrozole has similar efficacy to gonadotropins or CC with a favorable side-effect profile and reduced cost.
Cognitive reserve and cortical thickness in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

This study examined whether cognitive reserve (CR) alters the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of cortical thickness and risk of progression from normal cognition to the onset of clinical symptoms associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The analyses included 232 participants from the BIOCARD study. Participants were cognitively normal and largely middle aged (M age = 56.5) at their baseline MRI scan. After an average of 11.8 years of longitudinal follow-up, 48 have developed clinical symptoms of MCI or dementia (M time from baseline to clinical symptom onset = 7.0 years). Mean thickness was measured over eight ‘AD vulnerable’ cortical regions, and cognitive reserve was indexed by a composite score consisting of years of education, reading, and vocabulary measures. Using Cox regression models, CR and cortical thickness were each independently associated with risk of clinical symptom onset within 7 years of baseline, suggesting that the neuronal injury occurring proximal to symptom onset has a direct association with clinical outcomes, regardless of CR. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between CR and mean cortical thickness for risk of progression more than 7 years from baseline, suggesting that individuals with high CR are better able to compensate for cortical thinning that is beginning to occur at the very earliest phase of AD.
Super-resolution imaging using microspheres supported by a gold nanowire array in transmission mode

Optical microscopy is one of the most important scientific achievements in the history of mankind, and it is the most widely used technique for exploring the small world. However, as is well known, traditional lens-based optical microscopes suffer from the low imaging resolution λ/2 due to the diffraction limit. To overcome this obstacle, multiple innovative methods have been proposed during the past few decades, such as photoactivatable localization microcopy (PALM), stimulated emission depletion (STEM), surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based microscopy, and negative-index metamaterials based microscopy. However, the above methods are either florescence based, or can be only operated in a narrow spectral bandwidth. Here we propose to further push forward the pioneering work of Wang, which uses microspheres to achieve a nanoscope with λ/8-λ/14 imaging resolution. To be specific, we present the schematic of our proposed transmission mode microsphere nanoscope in Fig. 1. The targets under measurement are attached to the bottom side of a thin glass layer, whose upside is illuminated by a white-light source. Microspheres that are put on the top of a gold nanowire array collect the scattering information of the target. If the distance between a point on the surface of the target and the incident point on the surface of the microsphere is smaller than the penetration depth of the evanescent field and meanwhile the scattering angle of a beam from the scatter point fulfills the output propagation condition, the microspheres can collect more information of the target than the traditional microscope. The output propagation beam from the microsphere then couples into the gold nanowire array. The aligned metallic nanowires embedded in dielectric bulk possess strongly anisotropic optical properties with negative permittivity along the nanowire axis and positive permittivity in the transverse plane, which can be used to achieve broadband all-angle negative refraction and superlens imaging. Therefore the gold nanowire array plays the role of a second amplifier and a supplementary collector for collecting the scattering beams that are not collected by the microspheres. In this composite array, the guided mode does not effectively penetrate the gold nanowires and thus most of the energy propagates in the host dielectric medium in between the nanowires, so that the influence of the losses in the gold wires is negligible. The output beam of the array is then picked up by a conventional objective lens and the final image of the target is captured by a charge coupled device (CCD). Simulations will be performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Sex Therapy

Sex therapy is a relatively new area of treatment formally established in 1970 with the publication of the Masters and Johnson book, Treating Sexual Inadequacy. Although Albert Ellis (1958) had written extensively in the sexual field, cognitive approaches have only recently received more emphasis. This chapter will examine a cognitive-behavioral approach to sex therapy. The three major components of the cognitive-behavioral approach are: (a) replacement of sexual anxiety with sexual comfort; (b) adopting positive sexual attitudes and learning sexual skills; and (c) a program of individually designed sexual exercises to be done between therapy sessions. The goal of this therapy is to develop a comfortable, functional, and satisfying sexual style. Sex therapists usually work with established couples, but sex therapy can be implemented with individuals who do not have regular sexual partners. This approach to sex therapy is based on the work of Masters and Johnson (1970), Annon (1974), Leiblum & Pervin (1980), LoPiccolo & LoPiccolo (1978), and McCarthy & McCarthy (1984). Sex therapy utilizes a broad range of cognitive-behavioral strategies and techniques tailored to the specific sexual problem.
Sand Motion Initiation by Waves: Two Asymptotes

The new calculation procedure for sand motion initiation on a level bed in oscillatory flow simplifies the Shields criterion adopted from steady flow, and agrees better with available measurements. For fine sand and high flow frequency, published laboratory measurements agree with a model of motion initiation by threshold drag force on a grain in a laminarly shearing boundary layer. For coarse sand and low flow frequency, measurements agree with another model: a threshold flow energy above a thoroughly mixed boundary layer. The unified criterion presented predicts critical peak near-bed velocities between 10 cm/s and 50 cm/s (4 in./sec and 20 in./sec) in —10% agreement with a majority of adequately documented results for quartz sand in water. Critical velocity is determined by sand diameter, ratio of sand to fluid density, oscillation frequency and to a lesser extent fluid vescosity. The effect of oscillation frequency vanishes for usual ocean situations, but not for wave-tank conditions. Needs for additional test data are pointed out.
Fisiopatología de toxemias de Embarazo

The present discussion will be limited to acute toxemia of pregnancy in its stages known as preeclampsia and eclampsia. This limitation excludes conditions which might coincide with pregnancy such as chronic hypertensive, cardiovascular or renal diseases. lt should be realized, however, that acute toxemia might become superimposed on anyone of these conditions and its recognition as such might present certain difficulties.
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia, and Hydration Status in Multistage Ultramarathons

Objective Dysnatremia and altered hydration status are potentially serious conditions that have not been well studied in multistage ultramarathons. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) (Na+ 145 mmol·L-1) and hydration status during a multistage ultramarathon. Methods This study involved a prospective observational cohort study of runners competing in a 250-km (155-mile) multistage ultramarathon (in the Jordan, Atacama, or Gobi Desert). Prerace body weight and poststage (stage [S] 1 [42 km], S3 [126 km], and S5 [250 km]) body weight and serum sodium concentration levels were obtained from 128 runners. Results The prevalence of EAH per stage was 1.6% (S1), 4.8% (S3), and 10.1% (S5) with a cumulative incidence of 14.8%. Per-stage prevalence of hypernatremia was 35.2% (S1), 20.2% (S3), and 19.3% (S5) with a cumulative incidence of 52.3%. Runners became more dehydrated (weight change Conclusions The incidence of EAH in multistage ultramarathons was similar to marathons and single-stage ultramarathons, but the cumulative incidence of hypernatremia was 3 times greater than that of EAH. EAH was associated with increased weight gain (overhydration) in early stage nonfinishers and postrace finishers.
Early Age-related Macular Degeneration with Cardiovascular and Renal Comorbidities: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.

Purpose: A cross sectional study was designed to examine the relationship of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with comorbidities of cardiovascular and renal conditions in the representa...
UV radiative feedback on high-redshift proto-galaxies

We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the effects of a transient photoionizing ultraviolet (UV) flux on the collapse and cooling of pregalactic clouds. These clouds have masses in the range 10 – 10 M⊙, form at high redshifts (z ∼ > 18), and are assumed to lie within the short–lived cosmological HII regions around the first generation of stars. In addition, we study the combined effects of this transient UV flux and a persistent Lyman–Werner (LW) background (at photon energies below 13.6eV) from distant sources. In the absence of a LW background, we find that a critical specific intensity of JUV ∼ 0.1×10 ergs s cm Hz sr demarcates a transition from net negative to positive feedback for the halo population. A weaker UV flux stimulates subsequent star formation inside the fossil HII regions, by enhancing the H2 molecule abundance. A stronger UV flux significantly delays star–formation by reducing the gas density, and increasing the cooling time, at the centers of collapsing halos. At a fixed JUV, the sign of the feedback also depends strongly on the density of the gas at the time of UV illumination. Regardless of the whether the feedback is positive or negative, we find that once the UV flux is turned off, its impact stars to diminish after ∼ 30% of the Hubble time. In the more realistic case when a LW background is present, with JLW ∼ > 0.01× 10 ergs s cm Hz sr, strong suppression persists down to the lowest redshift (z = 18) in our simulations. Finally, we find evidence that heating and photoevaporation by the transient UV flux renders the ∼ 10 M⊙ halos inside fossil HII regions more vulnerable to subsequent H2 photo–dissociation by a LW background. Subject headings: cosmology: theory – early Universe – galaxies: high-redshift – evolution
Protons irradiation effect on the performance of the InGaP/GaAs solar cell

This study aims to analyze the effects of solar irradiation, especially protons from solar wind, on the parameters of the InGaP/GaAs solar cell set up in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The internal effects produced resulting from irradiation were simulated using Ion implantation theory of SRIM (Stopping Range Ion in Matter) software. The results show that the increase in irradiation energy and fluency (dose) decreases significantly the output parameters of the InGaP/GaAs solar cell, open circuit voltage Vco, short-circuit current Icc, and the conversion efficiency η. The decrease in the current density Icc is due to the increase in the recombination, linked to the increase in the density of the defects.
Relative Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Upper Extremity Conditions.

Purpose Prior research regarding the impact of mental health on upper extremity musculoskeletal function and recovery has frequently grouped catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. This study was designed to define the relative prevalence of heightened anxiety versus depressive symptoms among a patient population seeking upper extremity care and to determine if those prevalences varied according to the symptomatic condition. Methods All adult patients presenting to a tertiary upper extremity orthopedic center between June 1, 2016 and November 30, 2016 (n = 3,315) completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depression Computer Adaptive Tests. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression assessed differences in average PROMIS scores between demographic and diagnostic groups. Patients were also analyzed according to crossing thresholds for heightened anxiety and depression scores based on established linkage tables with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression scales, respectively. Pearson chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to determine if the proportion of patients crossing these thresholds varied according to the primary symptomatic condition while accounting for patient age, sex, and race. Results African American patients and those with carpal tunnel syndrome, trapeziometacarpal arthritis, or shoulder conditions reported significantly higher PROMIS Anxiety scores. Higher PROMIS Depression scores varied only by diagnosis. Seventeen percent of patients exceeded the Anxiety symptoms score threshold and 10% of patients exceeded the Depression symptom threshold. In logistic regression modeling, the likelihood of exceeding the Anxiety threshold varied by diagnosis and was increased in African American patients and females. African American race was associated with exceeding the Depression threshold while accounting for sex and diagnosis. Conclusions Patients with upper extremity conditions more frequently report heightened anxiety than heightened depression. Patient race and diagnosis are independent predictors of anxiety among patients seeking care for upper extremity conditions. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Baseline symptoms and basal forebrain volume predict future psychosis in early Parkinson disease

Objective Determining baseline predictors of future psychosis in Parkinson disease (PD) may identify those at risk for more rapidly progressive disease, i.e., a more malignant PD subtype. Methods This cohort study evaluated 423 patients with newly diagnosed PD collected as part of the Parkinson9s Progression Markers Initiative. Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale item 1.2, which assesses hallucinations and psychosis over the past week. At baseline, participants completed the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson9s Disease–Autonomic, the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) Screening Questionnaire, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density was calculated for 228 participants with PD and 101 healthy controls. Results Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex found that greater autonomic symptoms ( p = 0.002), RBD ( p = 0.021), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) ( p = 0.003) at baseline were associated with increased risk of reporting psychotic symptoms on ≥2 occasions. Having 2 or 3 of these baseline symptoms was associated with lower Ch4 density ( p = 0.007). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex, higher Ch4 gray matter density was associated with lower risk of reporting psychotic symptoms on ≥2 occasions (odds ratio 0.96 [for an increase in density of 1 unit], p = 0.03). Conclusions This study confirms that RBD, EDS, and greater autonomic symptom burden are associated with greater risk of future psychotic symptoms in PD. Reduced Ch4 density at baseline is associated with future psychotic symptoms and a greater burden of RBD, EDS, and autonomic symptoms.
Existence Versus Exploitation: The Opacity of Backdoors and Backbones Under a Weak Assumption

Backdoors and backbones of Boolean formulas are hidden structural properties. A natural goal, already in part realized, is that solver algorithms seek to obtain substantially better performance by exploiting these structures.
Rethinking Powers of Attorney in Real Estate Transactions

The Uniform Power of Attorney Act, adopted in 2006, was designed to address the divergence of various states from the original uniform act and to address problems identified by attorneys practicing in the area. One such problem was the refusal of parties to accept powers of attorney—although a client might execute a durable power of attorney as part of an estate plan to avoid a guardianship, parties would refuse to deal with the agent, thus necessitating a guardianship proceeding. The Uniform Act has now been enacted in some form in more than half of the states, including Texas. The author examines the Uniform Act and the Texas Act in the context of powers of attorney in real estate transactions. She discusses common law rules relating to defective deeds, defective powers of attorney, and deeds executed by an agent under a defective power of attorney, as well as the effect that the Uniform and Texas Acts may have on the common law. The article concludes by recommending additional legislation to clarify the application of the Acts and to make them more compatible with solving the problems that may arise in the context of real estate transactions.
Area-wide pest management: environmental, economic, and food issues.

Insect pests destroy approximately 14% of all potential food production despite the yearly application of more than 3000 million kilograms of pesticides. This contributes to rising human malnutrition which in 2004 was estimated by the World Health Organization to have reached 3700 million the largest number in history. Several major insect pests of crops and livestock are effectively controlled using area-wide pest management practices. As an example, the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) that attacks livestock, especially cattle, was successfully eradicated by releasing radiation-sterilized screwworm flies over large areas. Area-wide insecticide treatments in the USA have also proved effective in the control of the boll weevil, while timed crop-planting over wide areas enables crops like wheat to evade major pests and has also been proven highly successful against rice pests in the USA andAsia. Yet, when the basic ecology of the insect pests and crops are ignored, major crop losses can occur, as illustrated by the manipulation of corn production in the USA. Damages caused by invading insect pests that attack established crop, forest, and natural ecosystems continue to be challenges to pest management specialists. Approximately 40% of the insect and mite pests of crops grown in the USA are introduced species and they cause about USD 100 000 million in damage and control costs each year. The most recent introductions include the long-horned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) and the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire that were both accidentally introduced from Asia. Areawide strategies to control these destructive forest pests are being implemented.
The Therapeutic Stance

There are many modalities of person-to-person interaction. Human beings can fight, feed, or play with each other. It is significant that one of the earliest references to another fundamental quality of many object relations appears in Genesis, 2:18; indeed, it is the first definition of a human relationship that is mentioned in the Bible. God creates woman as a helpmate of Adam. More exactly, in the Hebrew, Eve is a help meet for Adam—a match for him, or someone to be at his side. It is a long way from the Creation to the busy workings of an emergency room, but the concept of one person helping another as equal partners in a mutually congruent relationship has been honored in all ages. The idea is captured in the modern theoretical construct of the therapeutic alliance, which we might appropriately rename the helping alliance. It is compounded of that part of the person in need that seeks, however awkwardly or even defiantly, some form of assisting contact with another; and that part of the therapist that is the matured distillation of his experience, his practical and theoretical knowledge, and those sublimations that have led him to his profession. This more or less rational aspect of the therapist’s share in the helping relationship can be usefully designated as the counteralliance, much as the term countertransference is applied to that counterpart transference of the therapist that is analogous to the mostly irrational transference of the patient.
Reduction of Microorganisms on Beef Surfaces with Electricity and Acetic Acid

This study determined the effect of a 2% acetic acid spray, pulsed-power electricity, pulsed-power electricity with a spray of sterile deionized water, and a combination of acetic acid spray and pulsed-power electricity in reducing the pathogens Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella typhimurium and aerobic plate counts on beefsteaks compared to an inoculated control. Ten steaks per treatment were inoculated with 1 ml of E. coli O157 (l05 CFU/ml) or S. typhimurium (105 CFU/ml) for 2 min and then subjected to one of the five treatments. Acetic acid spray and acetic acid spray and pulsed-power electricity treatments significantly (P < .05) reduced the incidence of Escherichia coli O157 compared to inoculated controls and produced a 1-log CFU/cm2 reduction in the incidence of S. typhimurium . Ten steaks per treatment were also inoculated with 1 ml of S. typhimurium (l05 CFU/ml) for 2 min, treated with acetic acid spray, pulsed-power electricity and a sterile deionized water spray, or acetic acid spray and pulsed-power electricity and stored in an incubator at -2°C for 48 h to stimulate chill-cooler conditions in the beef industry. Acetic acid spray with and without pulsed-power electricity caused a 1-log CFU/cm2 reduction in S. typhimurium . These data indicate a need for the use of both 2% acetic acid and pulsed-power electricity in packing-house facilities to help achieve the goal of improved microbiological safety of beef.
Atmosphere effects on micron-sized ZnO ridges during sintering

Abstract During the fabrication of micron-sized ceramic features, sintering plays a critical role in shape retention and microstructure evolution. Because of the evaporation tendency of zinc oxide (ZnO) during sintering, atmosphere has a significant influence on the sintering behavior and feature fidelity. In this study, micron-sized ZnO ridge features were sintered under air and argon atmospheres. Ridge size, line edge roughness, and shrinkage were characterized. Sintering mechanisms and evaporation mass loss were analyzed in order to obtain fundamental understanding of the micron-sized ZnO feature sintering. Oxygen partial pressure is the deciding factor in the ridge feature evolution. The argon atmosphere leads to faster grain growth and densification but compromises the ridge size and ridge grain size due to increased mass loss.
Systematic Regulation of Systemic Risk

A decade after the financial crisis, regulators worry that the regulation enacted to help stabilize the financial system may be insufficient to prevent another crisis. Examining that regulation with the benefit of hindsight, this Article finds that much has been accomplished but much remains to be done. Most of the existing regulation is ad hoc, providing “tools” rather than a coherent framework. It also is unduly entity-based, largely ignoring markets and other critical elements of the financial system. Furthermore, some of that entity-based regulation is punitive and misguided, responding to the human intuition to assign blame for harm. Financial stability requires a more systematic regulatory framework. The Article builds that framework on normative foundations, recognizing that the fundamental reason to regulate finance should be to correct market failures. Regulation intended to stabilize the financial system should focus on correcting market failures that could trigger and transmit systemic risk—the risk that financial instability will significantly impair the real economy. The Article attempts to identify and better understand those triggers and transmission mechanisms, and their underlying market failures. Finally, it analyzes how regulation could help to correct those market failures, revealing important new insights into regulatory design.
State Terrorism: South America during the 1970s. A case of State Terrorism Transnationalization

During the 1970s, for the first time in the political history of the Southern Cone, supranation-al integration between the different dictatorships of the region took place. These intensified state repressive action, putting into operation a counterrevolutionary state war machine with a clear desire for liquidation, which reached an objective realization through the disappear-ance of people and the spread of terror. As a result of this process, which knew no national boundaries or ideological boundaries, there was a massive violation of human rights; on the other hand, and from this, in the field of social sciences the conceptualization of State terror-ism was used before its conceptual precision allowed for unicity of criteria. This article pre-sents a theoretical conceptual reflection to advance the understanding of the specific mecha-nisms of the emergence, expansion and transnationalization of State terrorism. With the con-crete study of the Operation Condor, which fully demonstrated the integration of the dictator-ships of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Unique, Diverged, and Conserved Mitochondrial Functions Influencing Candida albicans Respiration.

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of major clinical concern. The virulence of this pathogen is intimately intertwined with its metabolism. Mitochondria, which have a central metabolic role, have undergone many lineage-specific adaptations in association with their eukaryotic host. A screen for lineage-specific genes identified seven such genes specific to the CTG clade of fungi, of which C. albicans is a member. Each is required for respiratory growth and is integral to expression of complex I, III, or IV of the electron transport chain. Two genes, NUO3 and NUO4, encode supernumerary subunits of complex I, whereas NUE1 and NUE2 have nonstructural roles in expression of complex I. Similarly, the other three genes have nonstructural roles in expression of complex III (QCE1) or complex IV (COE1 and COE2). In addition to these novel additions, an alternative functional assignment was found for the mitochondrial protein encoded by MNE1. MNE1 was required for complex I expression in C. albicans, whereas the distantly related Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog participates in expression of complex III. Phenotypic analysis of deletion mutants showed that fermentative metabolism is unable to support optimal growth rates or yields of C. albicans. However, yeast-hypha morphogenesis, an important virulence attribute, did not require respiratory metabolism under hypoxic conditions. The inability to respire also resulted in hypersensitivity to the antifungal fluconazole and in attenuated virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model. The results show that lineage-specific adaptations have occurred in C. albicans mitochondria and highlight the significance of respiratory metabolism in the pathobiology of C. albicans. IMPORTANCECandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of major clinical concern. The virulence of this pathogen is intimately intertwined with its metabolic behavior, and mitochondria have a central role in that metabolism. Mitochondria have undergone many evolutionary changes, which include lineage-specific adaptations in association with their eukaryotic host. Seven lineage-specific genes required for electron transport chain function were identified in the CTG clade of fungi, of which C. albicans is a member. Additionally, examination of several highly diverged orthologs encoding mitochondrial proteins demonstrated functional reassignment for one of these. Deficits imparted by deletion of these genes revealed the critical role of respiration in virulence attributes of the fungus and highlight important evolutionary adaptations in C. albicans metabolism.
Effect of the platelet size on the fracturing behavior and size effect of discontinuous fiber composite structures

Abstract This study investigates the mode I intra-laminar fracture and size effect in Discontinuous Fiber Composites (DFCs). Towards this goal, the results of fracture tests on geometrically-scaled Single Edge Notch Tension (SENT) specimens are presented and critically discussed for three platelet sizes. The results clearly show a decrease in nominal strength as the specimen size increases. It is found that, when the specimen is sufficiently large, the structural strength scales according to Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and the failure occurs in a very brittle way. In contrast, small specimens exhibit a more pronounced pseudo-ductility with a limited scaling effect and a significant deviation from LEFM. To characterize the fracture energy and the effective length of the fracture process zone, an approach combining equivalent fracture mechanics and stochastic finite element modeling is proposed. The model accounts for the complex random mesostructure of the material by modeling the platelets explicitly. Thanks to this theoretical framework, the mode I fracture energy of DFCs is estimated for the first time and it is shown to depend significantly on the platelet size. In particular, the fracture energy is shown to increase linearly with the platelet size in the range investigated in this work. Another importance of this work is that, compared to traditional unidirectional composites, DFC structures exhibit higher pseudo-ductility and their strength is, by far, less sensitive to notches, defects and cracks. This aspect can be used advantageously in structural design only upon the condition that proper certification guidelines acknowledging the more pronounced quasibrittleness of DFCs is formulated. The size effect analysis presented in this work represents a first step in this direction as it allows the assessment of the severity of a defect or notch in DFCs.
Impacts of Zero Net Energy Buildings on Customer Energy Savings and Distribution System Planning

This paper presents a customer-oriented, data-driven distribution system planning method for quantifying impacts of Zero-Net-Energy (ZNE) buildings on customer energy savings and distribution system operation. A ZNE building refers to a building whose total amount of energy consumed is roughly equal to self-generated energy on an annual basis. By replacing old appliances with new energy efficient appliances, a retrofit building is called “ZNE ready”. By installing rooftop photovoltaics (PV) systems together with energy storage devices, a building can be converted to “ZNE”. Smart meter data collected from 5000 buildings at 30-minute resolution in 2016 are used as the baseline energy consumption. To create “ZNE ready” load profiles, water heater and air conditioning loads are first separated from the total building energy consumption so they can be replaced by energy efficient water heaters and air conditioner load profiles. To create “ZNE” load profiles, the size of the PV system is calculated and the PV outputs are subtracted from the “ZNE ready” load profile. By studying the power flow changes before and after ZNE technology is implemented, impacts of ZNE buildings on customer payments and on distribution system operation are quantified using the actual feeder topology and network data in Duke Energy North Carolina service areas.
Utilization, cost, and provider trends in patch testing among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States from 2012 to 2017.

Background Patch testing is the best diagnostic test for allergic contact dermatitis. However, there is presently a lack of data on the test's geographic availability and the characteristics of the providers offering this test across the United States. Objective To evaluate the geographic variation in the availability of patch testing for the Medicare population and to characterize the temporal trends of patch testing cost, use, and provider specialty from 2012 to 2017. Methods Retrospective cohort study of the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data from 2012 to 2017. Results As of 2017, patch testing was available in 20.3% of metropolitan counties and in 1.1% of nonmetropolitan counties. From 2012 to 2017 in metropolitan regions, the number of beneficiaries tested by dermatologists grew by an average annual growth rate of 1.84%, whereas those tested by allergists grew by an average annual growth rate of 20.31%. Most providers that averaged use of 80 or more patches per beneficiary were dermatologists (76.3%). Limitations Analysis was restricted to Medicare Part B claims; data were unavailable on individuals with commercial insurance. Conclusions Most of the increase in patch testing utilization from 2012 to 2017 has been in metropolitan regions. Although growth was especially prominent among allergists in metropolitan counties, the majority of providers performing comprehensive patch testing were dermatologists.
Brueckner-Hartree-Fock Calculations of Spherical Nuclei in an Harmonic-Oscillator Basis

A method is developed for performing Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) calculations of spherical nuclei in the harmonic-oscillator representation. Both the Brueckner and the HF self-consistencies are satisfied. The method is applied to the calculation of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ with a $G$ matrix derived from the Hamada-Johnston potential. The nuclei are too small and underbound. Various kinds of convergence are studied. It is concluded that the calculations are essentially as easy and as reliable as, though a little longer than, pure Hartree-Fock calculations.
Large copepods as leading indicators of walleye pollock recruitment in the southeastern Bering Sea: Sample-Based and spatio-temporal model (VAST) results

Abstract In the southeastern Bering Sea, years with above-average sea ice extent have been associated with elevated abundances of large lipid-rich copepods in both net tows and age-0 walleye pollock (Gaduschalcogrammus) diets, followed by high overwinter pollock survival and stronger recruitment into the fishery three years later. In this study, we directly compare large copepod abundances of taxa important in age-0 pollock diets (Calanus glacialis/marshallae, Metridia pacifica and Neocalanus spp.) to age-3 pollock abundance from stock assessments for year classes 2002–2015 (excluding 2013). Copepod samples from bongo nets were collected on fishery oceanography surveys in late summer during warm (low ice) and cold (high ice) climate stanzas. In addition to mean estimates of large copepods among stations (sample-based), we implemented a spatial delta-generalized linear mixed model using the Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) package to account for variations in survey coverage among years. Positive significant linear relationships were found for both of these estimates of large copepods during the age-0 year and the abundance of these pollock at age-3. Correlations were stronger using VAST model-based indices compared with sample-based indices (R2 = 0.74 versus 0.43, respectively, all copepod taxa combined). A significant relationship was also observed between the bottom cold pool (
Preaching as Cultural History

Race and the culture of the United States are theological problems. The theologian I turn to in defense of this claim, Rudolf Bultmann, may strike some as a curious choice. Am I really going to con...
Cyclescapes of the unequal city: Bicycle infrastructure and uneven development, by John G. Stehlin: Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, 2019

Between 2011 and 2018, U.S. cities installed at least 472 bike lanes protected with a physical divider from vehicle traffic (PeopleforBikes, 2020), and likely many times this figure when including ...
Music Intervention: Nonpharmacologic Method to Reduce Pain and Anxiety in Adult Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Procedures.

Background Bone marrow procedures cause anxiety and pain in adult patients with cancer. Music is a safe, inexpensive, noninvasive intervention that is easy to implement and is well received by patients and providers. Objectives The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop, implement, evaluate, and sustain a music protocol during bone marrow biopsy and aspiration procedures for adult patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition, this project sought to decrease pain, anxiety, heart rate, and blood pressure in patients undergoing bone marrow procedures. Methods The project coordinator collected baseline data regarding toleration of bone marrow procedures and then implemented a music protocol during the procedures during a six-month intervention phase. Comparison variables included pain, anxiety, heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective impressions. Findings The music protocol resulted in improved patient anxiety, decreased procedure time, and decreased medication use during bone marrow procedures. All patients who used the music intervention indicated they would use it again.
What Prosecutors and the Police Should Do About Underreporting of Anti-LGBTQ Hate Crime

Vast discrepancies between official hate crime statistics and victim reports of hate crimes reveal that a large proportion of hate crimes go uncharged. LGBTQ individuals may be disinclined to report hate crimes because of safety concerns and perceived hostility from law enforcement, and law enforcement may be reluctant to pursue them because of discomfort interacting with LGBTQ people and lack of clear guidance in building hate crime cases. To address the problem of anti-LGBTQ hate crime underreporting, quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the Miami-Dade area including (a) prosecutorial case files from 2005 to 2019 and (b) semi-structured interviews with law enforcement practitioners (n = 10) and (c) structured interviews with LGBTQ crime victims (n = 400), carried out in 2018–2019. Triangulated findings reveal that police and prosecutors lack the capacity to detect hate crimes and to engage with the LGBTQ community and crime victims. Victims and community members worried about retaliation and discounted some victim experiences as hate crimes. Responding to the research findings, a working group of 23 local stakeholders representing Miami’s LGBTQ community, advocacy groups, police, and prosecutor’s office produced seven recommendations addressing: (1) hate crime detection, (2) interagency coordination, (3) victim engagement, (4) communication and awareness building, (5) training of law enforcement practitioners, (6) data and research, and (7) changes to the hate crime statute. These recommendations offer a path forward for a more effective detection and prosecution of hate crimes.
Optmization and Fabrication Studies in the Development of Structurally Integrated Thermal Protection System Technology

NASA HYP MS b) Structural testing to mature SITPS model. 3) SITPS-2 (FY11): a) Focus on panel closeout, panel-to-panel load transfer, and panel curvature. 4) Extend fabrication technology to include alternate cores and insulations (FY12).
Die elektronische Bank-Kunde-Schnittstelle als Betrachtungsfeld für Kooperationsformen

Die elektronische Bank-Kunde-Schnittstelle umfast samtliche elektronisch basierten Kommunikationswege zwischen Bank und Kunde sowie die Dienstzugange (Hard- und Software), um auf die Bankmarktleistungen elektronisch zugreifen zu konnen. Hierbei sind die Dienste bei der Bank, auf denen die Bankmarktleistungen eingestellt werden, vom Dienstzugang beim Kunden, durch den die Bankmarktleistungen in Anspruch genommen werden konnen, zu unterscheiden. Unter Bankmarktleistungen werden dabei sowohl Bankprodukte im traditionellen Sinn als auch Informations- und Garantieleistungen als sogenannte Sekundardienstleistungen verstanden Bankmarktleistungen, die i.d.S. elektronisch vertrieben werden, werden vielfach auch als elektronische Bankmarktleistungen bezeichnet.
Collaborating with Public School Partners to Implement Teacher–Child Interaction Training (TCIT) as Universal Prevention

This study expands on prior work investigating the transferability of parent–child interaction therapy, an efficacious treatment program targeting parents of children with disruptive behavior problems, for use as a universal preventive intervention targeting classroom teachers. Using a case study design, Teacher–Child Interaction Training (TCIT) was implemented sequentially with two groups of teachers (N = 20) and 169 preschool and kindergarten students in a public school setting. This study served as a pilot test for the feasibility of having local school staff independently implement TCIT, following training and participation in an initial delivery of TCIT conducted by a research team. Controlling for teacher effects, teacher ratings of children’s total protective factor scores (TPF) significantly increased and ratings of behavior concerns (BC) significantly decreased over the course of the intervention. Boys and students qualifying for special education received lower TPF and higher BC ratings at baseline, yet interactions with time were nonsignificant, suggesting that all students improved according to teacher ratings across time. Observational data showed that teachers in both researcher-delivered and local staff-delivered groups substantially increased in their use of positive attention skills following training. Intervention effects, as well as program implementation factors (e.g., teacher attendance, homework completion), were comparable across researcher and school-based staff deliveries, suggesting that school staff were able to implement TCIT effectively. We discuss future research directions for TCIT implementation and development, as well as practical considerations for partnering with school systems.
Early Models for Contemporary Thought on Domestic Violence and Women Who Kill Their Mates

Women who kill abusive partners have become the focus of new social policy and research since 1970. A review of the early literature on women and domestic homicide from 1895 to 1970 shows that, while a specific focus on female homicide resulting from abuse was lacking, a rich heritage of ideas about homicidal women developed during this period. This heritage inevitably shaped the ways in which female offenders in general were viewed and presaged our most recent insights. A conceptual framework for recognizing the etiological themes which emerged is presented.
Information organization and the philosophy of history

The philosophy of history can help articulate problems relevant to information organization. One such problem is “aboutness”: How do texts relate to the world? In response to this problem, philosophers of history have developed theories of colligation describing how authors bind together phenomena under organizing concepts. Drawing on these ideas, I present a theory of subject analysis that avoids the problematic illusion of an independent “landscape” of subjects. This theory points to a broad vision of the future of information organization and some specific challenges to be met.
Justice Denied: What America Must Do to Protect its Children

1. We have failed our children 2. What is wrong with the system 3. The solution is clear and simple: abolish the statutes of limitation for childhood sexual abuse 4. What it will take to act on the lessons learned 5. Barrier no. 1: the insurance industry 6. Barrier no. 2: the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic church 7. The other barriers: the teachers, the defense attorneys, and an uninformed public Conclusion.