cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-robot task allocation in disaster response: Addressing dynamic tasks with deadlines and robots with range and payload constraints

Abstract This paper tackles a class of multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problems called “Single-Task Robots and Single-Robot Tasks” or SR–ST problems, subject to the following additional characteristics: tasks with deadlines, tasks that are generated during the mission, and robots with range and payload constraints (thus requiring multiple tours per robot). While these characteristics are typical of various disaster response and commercial applications, there is a lack of online MRTA solutions to address them. To solve this class of complex MRTA problems, an efficient online method (which is also suitable for decentralized deployment) is developed based on the construction and weighted matching of bipartite graphs. An exact integer linear programming (ILP) formulation of this class of MRTA problems is also developed, the solution of which serves both as an offline MRTA approach and as a provably optimal benchmark against which the online method is compared. The new methods are applied to a flood response problem where multiple unmanned aerial vehicles must respond to victims spread out over a large area. The results show that the new online algorithm closely trails the offline ILP method in terms of task completion performance, while being > 1 0 3 times more computationally efficient compared to the ILP method. Dedicated case studies provide further insights into the favorable scalability of the online method with an increasing number of UAVs — offering up to 46% higher task completion compared to a random walk baseline in huge 1000-task problems. Lastly, application to a slightly different class of SR–ST problems and comparison of the ensuing results with that of corresponding state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the potential wider applicability of the proposed online MRTA method.
A competitive ligand-binding assay to detect neutralizing antibodies to a bispecific drug using a multiplex Meso Scale Discovery platform.

Background: Monitoring appearance of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to multidomain large molecule drugs is a challenging task. Materials & methods: Here, we report development of a competitive liga...
Aquinas, Punishment, and the Common Good

If you’re inclined to look to history for insight into what good reasons (if any) a state has to punish someone subject to its authority, to whom do you look? Kant and Bentham? Usually. Hobbes and Hegel? Sometimes. Foucault? For some. Thomas Aquinas? Not so much. A handful of Aquinas scholars have helpfully pulled together Aquinas’s ideas on punishment, but as far as I can tell, criminal law theorists haven’t paid much attention. This neglect is regrettable. Not only are Aquinas’s thoughts interesting in their own right, but they anticipate (by several centuries) contemporary (post-1959) arguments in favor of believing that punishment is, or is somehow necessary to achieve, an intrinsic good. I believe they also provide a way to re-interpret those arguments, or see them in a different light, perhaps in a way that will make them more persuasive to skeptics, though I doubt any minds will be changed.
Uplifting Multiracial and Translingual Childhoods in the Envisioning of Anti-Racist Schooling: Reflections From Two MamiProfas

As mothers and education professors, we weave these two identities to reflect on the anti-racist K–12 schooling we envision and work toward for all children, including our own multilingual, multi-e...
Hypoxia Induced Redistribution of OS-9 in Kidney Cells

OS-9 is a component of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation machinery. OS-9 has been shown to interact with and promote hydroxylation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α). Meprin met...
The Neoclassical Theory of Investment in Speculative Markets

In this paper I investigate whether firms' physical investments should react to the speculative overpricing of their securities. I introduce investment subject to quadratic adjustment costs (along the lines of Abel and Eberly [1994]) in an infinite horizon continuous time model with short sale constraints and heterogeneous beliefs (along the lines of Scheinkman and Xiong [2003]). Under standard assumptions, I show that the neoclassical q theory of investment will continue to hold despite the presence of (endogenous) speculative mispricing in the stock market. Strikingly, the welfare implications of the theory will also continue to hold, despite the presence of a speculative bubble. I show how the model provides a new formalization of the notions of short-termist and long-termist investment policies and also how the behavior of investment can be used to disentangle rational and behavioral approaches to so-called asset pricing anomalies.
Rescue Management of a Failed Project: An Empirical Case Study of the Subordinate Expertise Empowerment (SEE) Model

This paper introduces a management model applied to rescue a failed digital documenting services contract involving a large multinational vendor, referred to as Vendor A (VA), a large universitiy in the United States, referred to as X University (XU). The author’s objective is to tests the theory, in a case study setting, that a failed contract could be measurably salvaged through the real-time observed application of a rescue effort which emphasizes a Subordinate-Expert Empowerment (SEE) model in project rescue from its post-failure status. As a part of the literature review, an overview of project failure and varying rescue methodologies is given with an assessment of backgrounds, environments and strengths and weaknesses. Results of the study indicate the model’s ability to address the difficult issues of complex contracts by placing subordinate expertise at the forefront of dilemmas to grapple with the intricacies involved in escalated scenarios. Support of the model’s effectiveness was verified with a component listing of the resurrected project elements coupled with the survey results of all key individuals of the rescue process.
Chapter 8 Metabolite transport in mammalian mitochondria

Publisher Summary The chapter offers information on metabolite transport in mammalian mitochondria. A steady flow of metabolites, both in and out of the mitochondrial matrix space is necessary for mitochondria to perform functions that involve the participation of enzymes inside the membrane permeability barrier. In some mammalian cells, enzymes comprising partial spans of biosynthetic pathways are inside and some outside the mitochondrial matrix space. Therefore, in the liver—six mitochondrial membrane transport proteins are required for urea synthesis, three for gluconeogenesis, and three others participate in ammoniagenesis in the kidney. Most metabolites that are substrates of mitochondrial transporters are anions at physiological pH. Inhibitors specific to some of the transporters are identified and these could be used to establish the participation of the transporters in metabolic pathways. The chapter presents the carriers that catalyze net uptake of ions in symport (or antiport) with protons that neutralize the anion's charge. These carriers include the phosphate carrier, the monocarboxylate carrier that catalyzes the transport of pyruvate, acetoacetate and possibly branched chainketoacids, and the glutamate carrier. A second category of carriers catalyzes 1: 1 electroneutral exchanges of anions across the membrane. A third classification includes those transporters that catalyze transport of metabolites that are neutral at physiological pH. These include the transporters for glutamine, and for the other neutral amino acids. The last category includes the electrogenic or, the electrophoretic transporters.
Comparison of direct and coda wave stress drop measurements for the Wells, Nevada, earthquake sequence

[1] I calculate the corner frequencies and stress drops of the seven largest earthquakes (M4–6) in the Wells, Nevada, sequence (2008) using both coda and direct waves. I use spectral ratio, empirical Green's function (EGF), and methods to investigate whether differences and uncertainties in the analyses could affect the calculated source parameters. I find that the source spectral ratios from the coda and direct S waves are similar for the same pairs of earthquakes but that the source spectra and corresponding source parameters depend systematically on whether the earthquake of interest is the larger or smaller within the spectral ratio. Mayeda and Malagnini (2009a) calculated coda spectral ratios between the M6 main shock and six large aftershocks (M > 4), and performed a combined inversion to calculate source parameters. They found that the main shock had a higher stress drop than the large aftershocks. I model the identical spectral ratios individually in the manner that I use for direct waves. I find that the choice of source model and fitting procedure produces significant random scatter but no systematic biases. I calculate direct wave ratios for the same earthquake pairs and find higher variability but no systematic difference in the results. Lastly, I use M2.8–3.2 aftershocks as EGFs for the large aftershocks. These spectral ratios yield significantly higher corner frequencies and stress drops for the large aftershocks than when the same earthquakes are the denominator in ratios with the main shock. To improve the quality of EGF analyses, I propose strict objective criteria for acceptance of a spectral ratio fit: (1) observable source pulse, (2) the amplitude ratio of the low- to high-frequency limits of the fit is at least 5, and (3) the corner frequency only varies by 50% when the variance is within 5% of the minimum.
Quantitative prediction and interpretation of vibrational spectra of organo-phosphorus compounds: Part I. Phosphine oxide (H3PO) and phosphinous acid (H2POH)

Abstract Ab initio SCF predictions of the IR spectra of H3PO and H2POH in its two isomeric forms are reported. These are compared with recent matrix isolation experimental results. For these systems, the SCF results in polarized basis sets are believed to be sufficiently accurate to suggest that the cis form of H2POH was that observed in the matrix rather than the trans form. The mean error in the scaled predicted frequencies for H3PO is 11 cm−1, while the computed intensities accurately reflect the observed trends. A preliminary interpretation of the intensity results is begun, with an ultimate goal of full understanding of the IR intensities of these phosphorus compounds.
Multiple voltage electrical power distribution system for automotive applications

Over the course of the 20th Century, the automobile electrical system has experienced one architectural change, one significant electrical power plant change and one notable change in the electrical storage component. There is now growing disparity in voltage level requirements between electronic and electrical loads to the point that a single voltage system may no longer be the most efficient for electrical generation and distribution. Electronic system components for engine control and passenger amenities will continue to trend to 2.5 V and lower within the next 10 to 15 years. New electrical loads such as electromechanical engine valve actuators, and new actuator technologies such as piezoelectric-based motors and ballasts for lamps will benefit from higher voltages. Higher power electrical loads will require higher voltages to minimize wire harness and connector bulk. This paper presents the case for another electrical system architecture change. Not a change to a single higher voltage, rather to a multiple voltage system as an alternative to meet the conflicting demands of continually growing vehicle electrical systems.
The control of gastric hyperacidity by magnesium trisilicate

1. Magnesium trisilicate is a satisfactory substitute for the alkalies commonly employed to control gastric hyperacidity; in the same dosage it is slightly less prompt in its neutralizing action, but its effect is somewhat more prolonged. 2. Its chief advantages over the alkalies consist in its more prolonged neutralizing action, its absence of effect on the bowels and its non-absorbability, the latter precluding the possibility of a resultant alkalosis. The magnesium trisilicate used in this study was supplied by Eli Lilly & Co. under the trade name of “Trisomin.”
The Usefulness of the Web in Obtaining Global Economic Information: European Union

In this final chapter, Kristaps Licis continues his review of Web information of value for alternative investments. Given the continued movement toward financial unification of Europe, this issue9s Web summary concentrates on major sources of European economic information.
Self-learning MIMO-RF receiver systems: process resilient real-time adaptation to channel conditions for low power operation

Prior research has established that dynamically trading-off the performance of the RF front-end for reduced power consumption across changing channel conditions, using a feedback control system that modulates circuit and algorithmic level "tuning knobs" in real-time, leads to significant power savings. It is also known that the optimal power control strategy depends on the process conditions corresponding to the RF devices concerned. This complicates the problem of designing the feedback control system that guarantees the best control strategy for minimizing power consumption across all channel conditions and process corners. Since this problem is largely intractable due to the complexity of simulation across all channel conditions and process corners, we propose a self-learning strategy for adaptive MIMO-RF systems. In this approach, RF devices learn their own performance vs. power consumption vs. tuning knob relationships "on-the-fly" and formulate the optimum reconfiguration strategy using neural-network based learning techniques during real-time operation. The methodology is demonstrated for a MIMO-RF receiver front-end and is supported by hardware validation leading to 2.5X power savings in minimal learning time.
Metabolism of valproate to hepatotoxic intermediates.

A number of lines of evidence indicate that metabolites of valproate rather than the parent drug, mediate the microvesicular steatosis which characterizes valproate-associated liver injury. In this article, two mechanisms are discussed whereby valproate may cause hepatic steatosis through interference with the process of fatty acidβ-oxidation. In the first, valproate itself enters the mitochondrion where it competes for the enzymes and/or co-factors involved in theβ-oxidation of endogeneous substrates, while in the second, valproate is metabolized via the hepatotoxic terminal olefin, Δ4-valproate, to a variety of chemically reactive intermediates which inhibit key enzymes in theβ-oxidation cycle.
Highly simplified device for ultrashort-pulse measurement

We show that a frequency-resolved optical gating device using (1) a thick nonlinear crystal to replace the usual thin crystal and spectrometer and (2) a Fresnel biprism to replace the beam splitter and delay line yields a remarkably simple single-shot ultrashort-pulse intensity-and-phase measurement device with no sensitive alignment parameters and significantly greater sensitivity.
Phosphorylation of p130Cas by Angiotensin II Is Dependent on c-Src, Intracellular Ca2+, and Protein Kinase C

p130Cas is a signaling molecule that was initially found to be tyrosine-phosphorylated in v-Crk and v-Src transformed cells. We characterized the regulation of p130Cas tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells by angiotensin II (Ang II). This ligand induced a transient increase in p130Cas tyrosine phosphorylation, which was sensitive to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D and to the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM but not the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil. The Ang II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas was also dependent on an active Src family tyrosine kinase, since it could be blocked by the Src kinase inhibitors geldanamycin and PP1. Ang II treatment resulted in the ability of p130Cas to bind at least 11 different phosphate-containing proteins. Analysis of these proteins revealed that protein kinase Calpha and the cell adhesion signaling molecule pp120 formed temporal associations with p130Cas in response to Ang II. c-Src was found to associate with p130Cas in a manner that was independent of Ang II treatment. Inhibition of protein kinase C by either calphostin C or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate downregulation inhibited the Ang II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas. These results are the first to demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas by Ang II is transduced by the Src, intracellular Ca2+, protein kinase C signaling pathway.
Perception of transparency in man and machine: a comment on Beck

A recent paper by J. Beck (Comput. Vision Graphics Image Process.31, 1985, 127–138) on the perception of transparency is examined in terms of work by the present author. It is emphasized that nonscale-invariant constraints cannot be assessed by any visual system that has no access to illuminant intensity, that the episcotister model and the filter model do not impose the same boundary conditions (constraints) on reflectances, and that nomenclature in the cited article might profitably be changed.
Floating Gate-Based Field Programmable Mixed-Signal Array

We present the field programmable array of analog and digital devices (FPAADD) as a novel implementation of a field programmable mixed-signal array (FPMA). The FPAADD is a hybrid combination of a field programmable analog array (FPAA) and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Unlike other FPMAs where the FPGA and FPAA portions are kept separate, this architecture closely integrates the two in a fine-grained interleaved array. Instead of using hard-coded data converters, the FPAADD synthesizes data converters out of its reconfigurable fabric. The analog and digital portions share a common global interconnect. Floating gate (FG) transistors are used as the switch and memory elements of the chip, providing better switch performance and power over traditional static random-access memory-based approaches. The precise programmability of the FG switches also allows for computation to take place in the interconnect. These key differences make the FPAADD much more general purpose than previous FPMA architectures. The FPAADD consists of 27 × 8 array of 108 digital and 108 analog tiles and peripheral circuitry on 5 × 5 mm2 die fabricated in a 0.35- μm CMOS process, and contains more than 130 000 FG transistors.
Philosophy, Psychology, and Public Policy Aspects of Well-Being All Wrapped in One Book Designed to Ruffle Your Feathers

This is a book review of Daniel M. Haybron’s book titled The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being, published by Oxford University Press, 2008.
Where's the Joy in Cooking? Representations of Taste, Tradition, and Science in the Joy of Cooking

Procuring, preparing, and consuming foods are symbolic processes learned and reified within cultural boundaries. While many cultures have established tradition or taste as rules to guide food activities, contemporary Americans are mainly guided by a fascination with health and risk (Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma). As reflections of and contributors to public understandings of food and risk, cookbooks can be rich sites for scholarly investigation (Driver; Nestle and McIntosh). In the current study, we explore the representation of tradition, taste, and science in the introductory materials of the Joy of Cooking. While discussions of science were more common than those of taste or tradition, science did not replace the presence of taste and tradition. The presence of science, taste, and tradition varied over time, suggesting that, though they remain criteria for eaters, their importance is constantly negotiated.
Manganese(II) Active Site Mutants of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-Dioxygenase from Arthrobacter globiformis Strain CM-2†

Whereas all other members of the extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenase family are iron-dependent, the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (MndD) from Arthrobacter globiformis CM-2 is dependent on manganese for catalytic activity. Recently, the endogenous iron ligands of one family member, the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC), were identified crystallographically as two histidines and a glutamic acid [Sugiyama, K., et al. (1995) Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B 71, 32-35; Han, et al. (1995) Science 270, 976-980; Senda, T., et al. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 255, 735-752]. Though BphC and MndD have low overall sequence identity (23%), the three BphC metal ligands are all conserved in MndD (H155, H214, and E266). In order to determine whether these residues also act as ligands to manganese in MndD, site-directed mutants of each were constructed, purified, and analyzed for activity and metal content. Mutations H155A, H214A, and E266Q yielded purified enzymes with specific activities of <0.1% of that of the wild-type dioxygenase and bound 0.4, 1.8, and 33% of the wild-type level of manganese, respectively. The relatively high level of manganese [with a Mn(II) EPR signal distinctly different from that of the wild-type enzyme] observed for E266Q suggests that the glutamine may act as a weak ligand to the metal. Mutant E266D, which retains the potential metal binding capability of a carboxylate group, exhibited 12% of the wild-type activity in crude extracts, suggesting that Mn remains bound; however, this mutant protein was too unstable to be purified and analyzed for metal content. On the basis of the low activity and metal content of mutant proteins, we propose that the conserved residues H155, H214, and E266 ligate manganese in MndD. As is the case with the superoxide dismutases, the extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenases appear to utilize identical coordinating residues for their iron- and manganese-dependent enzymes.
Protein kinase C as a possible mediator of goldfish (Carassius auratus) ovulation

The possible involvement of protein kinase C in goldfish Carassius auratus) ovulation was investigated. In vitro ovulation of oocytes that had undergone germinal vesicle breakdown and follicular wall detachment in vivo was observed with both a phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, and a calcium ionophore, A23187. A combination of these two factors exhibited classic synergism and induced ovulation at much lower concentrations. Since protein kinase C is physiologically activated by diacylglycerols, three sn-1,2-diacylglycerols were also tested in combination with A23187. Of these, sn-1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol was ineffective, while sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8 and sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol (diC6) were found to synergize with the calcium ionophore even at the lowest levels tested. diC8 was more effective than diC6 at comparable levels. In vitro ovulation stimulated with phorbol ester and ionophore could be blocked with nordihydroguaiaretic acid at 10 μg/ml, while indomethacin at similar or higher (20 μg/ml) levels was ineffective. This suggests the involvement of lipoxygenase products in conjunction with protein kinase C activation during ovulation in this species. While a direct participation of protein kinase C and its mechanism of action remain to be demonstrated, these results indicate its involvement in the control of ovulation in goldfish.
Psychological Separation, Self‐Control, and Weight Preoccupation Among Elite Women Athletes

Given the paucity of research on the prevalence of eating disorders in college athletes, the authors raised two questions: (a) Is weight preoccupation more prevalent among elite women athletes than among their nonathletic counterparts? (b) Does the empirical link between psychological distress and weight preoccupation pertain to elite athletes as well? Results showed that 10.9% of a sample of elite swimmers could be characterized as “weight preoccupied,” a percentage comparable to the general population of college women. In addition, the athletes reported using significantly more benign than punitive self-control strategies, suggesting for them, weight preoccupation is a means to an end rather than an indication of an eating disorder. Implications for counseling are discussed.
Threshold Condition for Forming an Atomic 4He Trimer

The Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle is used to formulate a rigorous bound on the threshold conditions under which three helium four atoms will form a bound state when their pair interaction is represented by the Lennard-Jones (n, 6) model and their nonadditive interaction is taken to be the Muto-Axilrod-Teller triple-dipole potential. The accepted parameter values of the model with n equal to 12 predict a bound-state trimer. The oversight, that of failing to use the (12, 6) parameter values of Kihara, Midzuno and Shizume in the extensive work on liquid helium, is pointed out.
Expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in rat sympathetic ganglia and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue.

Abstract To determine whether similar mechanisms regulate adrenergic phenotypic expression in different cellular populations, the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG) and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue were studied in the fetal and neonatal rat; results were compared to those previously obtained with the adrenal medulla. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme which converts norepinephrine to epinephrine, was used as an index of adrenergic expression. PNMT catalytic activity was initially detectable in the SCG of normal, untreated fetuses at 17.0 days of gestation (E17.0), and increased three- to fourfold until postnatal day 2. Thereafter activity decreased precipitously, and was undetectable 2 weeks after birth. Immunohistochemical studies, using specific antisera to PNMT, were employed to localize the enzyme. Immunoreactivity (PNMT-IR) was undetectable in sympathetic ganglia of control animals, suggesting that this method is less sensitive than the catalytic assay. Following glucocorticoid treatment, cells heavily stained for PNMT-IR were observed in paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, including the SCG, and in the organ of Zuckerkandl. In the SCG, PNMT-IR was present in small cells presumed to be small, intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and was never observed in principal ganglion neurons. The increase in PNMT-IR after steroid treatment was strikingly age dependent: initiation of treatment at progressively older ages during the first week of life resulted in fewer and fewer PNMT-IR cells. No response was apparent after 1 week. Moreover, treatment of pregnant rats was associated with appearance of PNMT-IR at E18.5, but not at E16.5. After treatment from days 0 to 6 of life, PNMT-IR gradually disappeared. However, retreatment on days 24–30 caused the reappearance of PNMT-IR, suggesting that exposure to steroids at birth causes (a) an immediate increase in PNMT-IR and (b) responsiveness to steroids during adulthood. Consequently, the disappearance of PNMT-IR after exposure to steroids at birth, is not simply due to death of SIF cells. We conclude that proximity to the adrenal cortex is not necessary for initial expression of PNMT. More generally, the expression of PNMT by ganglion SIF cells parallels that in adrenal chromaffin cells since initial expression was not dependent on high local concentrations of glucocorticoids, whereas subsequent development did require high levels of the hormones. Our observations suggest that similar mechanisms regulate expression and development of the adrenergic phenotype in adrenal and sympathetic ganglia.
Prostate-specific antigen bounce after high-dose-rate monotherapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose To characterize the magnitude and kinetics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounces after high-dose-rate (HDR) monotherapy and determine relationships between certain clinical factors and PSA bounce. Methods and Materials Longitudinal PSA data and various clinical parameters were examined in 157 consecutive patients treated with HDR monotherapy between 1996 and 2005. We used the following definition for PSA bounce: rise in PSA ≥threshold, after which it returns to the prior level or lower. Prostate-specific antigen failure was defined per the Phoenix definition (nadir +2 ng/mL). Results A PSA bounce was noted in 67 patients (43%). The number of bounces per patient was 1 in 45 cases (67%), 2 in 19 (28%), 3 in 2 (3%), 4 in 0, and 5 in 1 (1%). The median time to maximum PSA bounce was 1.3 years, its median magnitude was 0.7, and its median duration was 0.75 years. Three patients (2%) were noted to have PSA failure. None of the 3 patients who experienced biochemical failure exhibited PSA bounce. In the fully adjusted model for predicting each bounce, patients aged P =.001). There was also a statistically significant higher probability of experiencing a bounce for every unit decrease in Gleason score (odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.04, P =.045). Conclusions A PSA bounce occurs in a significant percentage of patients treated with HDR monotherapy, with magnitudes varying from
Memory for Goal-Directed Events

Abstract A series of experiments on comprehension and memory of common goal-directed events was carried out. Empirically based Plan schemata for two videotaped events were derived by asking subjects which actions were done “in order to” do other actions. An experiment on memory for videotaped events found a hierarchical pattern of recall and that the recall of goal-directed actions was superior to that of non-goal-directed actions, supporting the hypothesis that Plan schemata are used in the recall of events. An additional experiment showed that the temporal order of actions in observed events is reconstructed from the underlying Plan schema. A parallel series of recall experiments was carried out using prose descriptions of the videotaped events. Results replicated the earlier studies, suggesting that the recall of narrative prose is largely determined by the Plan schema of the underlying events.
Detoxification of Corn Antimicrobial Compounds as the Basis for Isolating Fusarium verticillioides and Some Other Fusarium Species from Corn

The preformed antimicrobial compounds produced by maize, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and its desmethoxy derivative 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, are highly reactive benzoxazinoids that quickly degrade to the antimicrobials 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), respectively. Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) is highly tolerant to MBOA and BOA and can actively transform these compounds to nontoxic metabolites. Eleven of 29 Fusarium species had some level of tolerance to MBOA and BOA; the most tolerant, in decreasing order, were F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. cerealis (= F. crookwellense), and F. graminearum. The difference in tolerance among species was due to their ability to detoxify the antimicrobials. The limited number of species having tolerance suggested the potential utility of these compounds as biologically active agents for inclusion within a semiselective isolation medium. By replacing the pentachloronitrobenzene in Nash-Snyder medium with 1.0 mg of BOA per ml, we developed a medium that resulted in superior frequencies of isolation of F. verticillioides from corn while effectively suppressing competing fungi. Since the BOA medium provided consistent, quantitative results with reduced in vitro and taxonomic efforts, it should prove useful for surveys of F. verticillioides infection in field samples.
The Fruit of Hyoscyamus muticus L., Its Macro- and Micromorphology *

The gross morphology and micromorphology of the fruit and seed of Hyoscyamus muticus are described. The differentiation of the fruit from that of H. niger is emphasized. The descriptions are illustrated by drawings of significant macroscopic and microscopic characteristics useful for identification and for distinguishing between H. muticus and H. niger.
Survival characteristics of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with lymphokine-activated killer cells plus interleukin-2.

Abstract The immunologic manipulation of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma using lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in conjunction with systemic interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been examined under conditions in which the life-threatening toxicities associated with IL-2 treatment have been virtually eliminated. We have examined tumor regression in vivo as well as the survival characteristics of 12 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma following immunotherapy. Five of 12 (42 %) patients experienced tumor regression exceeding 50 percent following treatment. To determine if immunotherapy had influenced the length of survival, all patients were followed until the time of death. Previous studies have characterized the length of survival of metastatic renal cell cancer patients according to a combination of risk factors unique for each patient. In this model, patients were categorized into risk groups based on the number of risk factors. Survival was found to be dependent on risk factors such as performance status, time from initial diagnosis, number of metastatic sites, recent weight loss, and prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. On completion of the LAK cell immunotherapy protocol, patients were categorized as nonresponders or responders. In addition, they were assigned to risk groups based on their unique profile of risk factors at the time of entry into the protocol. Using this model, we found the median survival of nonresponders (23 months) to be no different from responders (24 months), p >0.05. This was directly attributable to differences in risk factors which characterized members in these two response groups. However, the observed median survival of nonresponders following therapy was 1.9 fold longer than their projected survival based on the risk factors. Furthermore, the observed median survival of responders was 3.4 fold longer than projected from their risk factors. These results suggest that regardless of response status to therapy, cellular immunotherapy may play a role in mediating a significant palliative effect on the metabolic characteristics of these patients leading to extended survival.
Parameterization of Cloud Droplet Growth by Condensation

Abstract A parameterization scheme is developed to predict the supersaturation and the first two moments of predominantly maritime nuclei distributions during the condensation phase. The supersaturation and mean droplet growth predicted through this parameterization agree very well with those computed from the explicit microphysical equations using 55 spectral intervals.
Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C

Since the identification of the hepatitis C virus, great strides have been made in the development of an antiviral therapy. As a crucial mediator of the innate antiviral immune response, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was a natural choice for treatment. Whereas treatment with IFN-alpha alone achieved only modest success, the addition of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin greatly improved responses. However, half of the infected individuals with chronic disease do not achieve sustained clearance of hepatitis C virus. To optimize current therapeutic strategies and to develop new therapies, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of IFN and ribavirin will be essential.
PC-TP/StARD2: Of membranes and metabolism

Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) binds phosphatidylcholines, and catalyzes their intermembrane transfer and exchange in vitro . The structure of PC-TP comprises a hydrophobic pocket and a well-defined head group binding site, and its gene expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α. Recent studies have revealed key regulatory roles for PC-TP in lipid and glucose metabolism. Notably, Pctp −/− mice are sensitized to the action of insulin, and exhibit more efficient brown fat-mediated thermogenesis. PC-TP appears to limit access of fatty acids to mitochondria by stimulating the activity of thioesterase superfamily member 2, a newly characterized long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase. Because PC-TP discriminates between phosphatidylcholines within lipid bilayers, it might function as a sensor that links metabolic regulation to membrane composition.
Planar to equiaxed transition in the presence of an external wetting surface

First time experimental evidence is presented for the steady-state growth of equiaxed grains during directional solidification in the presence of a positive temperature gradient. The evidence is shown for transparent grains in the succinonitrile-acetone system, which are induced to grow on wetting surfaces (restraints). The conditions for equiaxed to dendrite transitions on the restraint are recorded, and a simple model is developed to explain this effect.
Harvesting economics and strategies using centrifugation for cost effective separation of microalgae cells for biodiesel applications

Inefficient or energy-intensive microalgal harvesting strategies for biodiesel production have been a major setback in the microalgae industry. Harvesting by centrifugation is generally characterized by high capture efficiency (>90%) under low flow rates and high energy consumption. However, results from the present study demonstrated that by increasing the flow rates (>1L/min), the lower capture efficiencies (<90%) can be offset by the larger volumes of culture water processed through the centrifuge, resulting in net lower energy consumption. Energy consumption was reduced by 82% when only 28.5% of the incoming algal biomass was harvested at a rate of 18 L/min by centrifugation. Harvesting algal species with a high lipid content and high culture density could see harvesting costs of $0.864/L oil using the low efficiency/high flow rate centrifugation strategy as opposed to $4.52/L oil using numbers provided by the Department of Energy for centrifugation harvesting.
The cardiac gap junction and intercalated disc.

This review sets out to explore, with the pictorial support of electron microscopy, the nature of the intercalated disc, focussing in particular on the structure and function of the cardiac gap junction
Solvent effects on ouabain binding to the (Na+,K+)-ATPase of rat brain

Abstract The effects of the solvents deuterated water ( 2 H 2 O) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO) on [ 3 H]ouabain binding to (Na + ,K + )-ATPase under different ligand conditions were examined. These solvents inhibited the type I ouabain binding to the enzyme (i.e., in the presence of Mg 2+ +ATP+Na + ). In contrast, both solvents stimulated type II (i.e., Mg 2+ +P i -, or Mn 2+ -dependent) binding of the drug. The solvent effects were not due to pH changes in the reaction. However, pH did influence ouabain binding in a differential manner, depending on the ligands present. For example, changes in pH from 7.05 to 7.86 caused a drop in the rate of binding by about 15% in the presence of Mg 2+ +Na + +ATP, 75% in the Mg 2+ +P i system, and in the presence of Mn 2+ an increase by 24% under similar conditions. Inhibitory or stimulatory effects of solvents were modified as various ligands, and their order of addition, were altered. Thus, 2 H 2 O inhibition of type I ouabain binding was dependent on Na + concentration in the reaction and was reduced as Na + was elevated. Contact of the enzyme with Me 2 SO, prior to ligands for type I binding, resulted in a greater inhibition of ouabain binding than that when enzyme was exposed to Na + +ATP first and then to Me 2 SO. Likewise, the stimulation of type II binding was greater when appropriate ligands acted on enzyme prior to addition of the solvent. Since Me 2 SO and 2 H 2 O inhibit type I ouabain binding, it is proposed that this reaction is favored under conditions which promote loss of H 2 O, and E 1 enzyme conformation; the stimulation of type II ouabain binding in the presence of the solvents suggests that this type of binding is favored under conditions which promote the presence of H 2 O at the active enzyme center and E 2 enzyme conformation. This postulation of a role of H 2 O in modulating enzyme conformations and ouabain interaction with them is in concordance with previous observations.
Tobacco use is associated with increased recurrence and death from gastric cancer.

Background Tobacco use increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. We examined the hypothesis that gastric cancer developing in patients with a history of tobacco use may be associated with increased risk of cancer-specific death after curative surgical resection.
Auditing students’ professional commitment and anticipatory socialization and their relationship to whistleblowing

Purpose – The accounting profession has emphasized the need for professionals to develop ethical attitudes early in their career, even before they enter the profession. The current study aims to examine the attitude of 128 US auditing students regarding whistleblowing.Design/methodology/approach – Some determinants of whistleblowing perception such as professional commitment and anticipatory socialization (as operationalized by perception of financial reporting) are explored.Findings – The results indicate that auditing students very close to graduation with more commitment to their profession and higher perception of financial reporting are more likely to blow the whistle on illegal management actions.Originality/value – The results of the research have implications for the accounting profession and accounting education.
Effect of hypophyseal growth hormone upon the urinary nitrogen excretion of fasting rats

ConclusionGrowth hormone at a dose level of 200 γ per day reduces the urinary nitrogen excretion of fasting adult female rats.
DJINNI: Dow Jones International Network for News and Information

What if you could rub your computer three times and get the answers to all your pressing questions? That isn't possible yet, but the new Djinni (Dow Jones International Network for News and Information) service comes close. More than simple information retrieval, Djinni allows you to follow topics of interest, compile historical backgrounds to important events, make your own connections between new stories, and share that information with co‐workers worldwide.
PLASMA FVIII LEVELS MEASURED AFTER INFUSION OF RECOMBINANT F VIII (rFVIII) VARY SIGNIFICANTLY WITH DIFFERENT ASSAY METHODS - (WILL THE REAL FVIII LEVEL PLEASE STAND UP!). † 934

As part of a bioequivalence study comparing two lots of rFVIII(Kogenate®), 9 persons with hemophilia A were infused with rFVIII from each lot, and multiple plasma samples were then obtained from each subject for determination of FVIII assays over 48 hrs. Samples were assayed by 4 different methods: chromogenic, and one stage APTT method using 3 different types of activators (A)-micronized silica, ellagic acid, and kaolin. All samples were immediately centrifuged, snap frozen and stored at -70°C until assayed in duplicate. The same reference plasma standard was used throughout. Results, shown below, indicate a consistent difference in F VIII assay values, with those run by chromogenic substrate method being roughly twice as high as those run by one-stage APTT method with kaolin as A. One stage results with micronized silica or ellagic acid as A were comparable, and were consistently higher than those with kaolin. Most U.S. clinical labs use a one-stage assay, with micronized silica or ellagic acid A. Because significantly different results can be obtained depending on F VIII assay method used, multicenter studies must carefully standardize assay techniques and reagents in order to combine data for analysis. Additionally, such differences have significant cost implications (partially funded by Bayer). Figure
A heuristic model for potential geomorphic influences on trophic interactions in streams

Whereas certain linkages between stream channel morphology and stream ecology are fairly well-understood, how geomorphology influences trophic interactions remains largely unknown. As a first step, a simple, heuristic model is developed that couples reach-scale geomorphic morphology with trophic dynamics between vegetation, detritus, herbivores, and predators. Predation is assumed to increase with depth beyond a threshold depth, and herbivory is assumed to decrease with velocity beyond a threshold velocity. Results show that the modeled food chain is sensitive to channel geometry, particularly around the threshold conditions for predators and herbivores. Importantly, geomorphic influences are not isolated to a particular trophic level, but rather are transferred through the food chain via top-down and bottom-up effects. The modeled system is particularly sensitive to changes in the end-members of the food chain: vegetation and predators. Results illustrate that geomorphic disturbances, known to affect a single trophic level (e.g., fish), likely impact multiple trophic levels in the stream ecosystem via trophic interactions. Such impacts at the multiple trophic level are poorly understood. While limited by the lack of empirical long-term data for testing and calibration, this simple model provides a structure for generating hypotheses, collecting targeted data, and assessing the potential impacts of stream disturbance or restoration on entire stream ecosystems. Further, the model illustrates the potential for future coupled stream models to explore spatial and temporal linkages.
Application of an aerial image measurement system to mask fabrication and analysis

Application of an Aerial Image Measurement System (AIMSTM) to binary and phase- shift mask fabrication and evaluation is described. The AIMS tool, an optical system which measures the aerial image directly from a mask, provides rapid feedback on lithographic performance for a variety of stepper configurations through modifications of the wavelength, numerical aperture, and illuminator design. The AIMS tool has been applied during the implementation of an alternating phase-shift mask (PSM) fabrication process in order to understand the impact of the etched-quartz sidewall on lithographic performance. AIMS measurements were used to extract the effective phase and transmission as a function of phase- etch depth as well as post-etch treatment condition. A set of basic test structures are proposed which can be used in conjunction with the AIMS tool to automate the extraction of transmission, phase, and second-level overlay for phase-shifting processes such as alternating and attenuating PSM.
A new system of multiple-lead exercise electrocardiography

Abstract 1. 1. An electrode placement system is described which permits the recording of 12-lead electrocardiograms of excellent quality during exercise as well as at rest which closely resemble records derived from the standard peripheral position for limb lead electrodes. These records are essentially free of interference from muscle potential. 2. 2. A light-weight, disposable, inexpensive, stainless steel and plastic electrode has been developed which obviates virtually all sources of electrode interference, even during strenuous exercise. 3. 3. A means is described whereby stress as external work in graded increments may be administered. Thus, work can be adapted to the state of disease and physical fitness of the individual at any level.
Infrastructure for science portals

A major driver of Internet growth has been the USA's decades-long national policy of funding basic research and infrastructure prototyping in its universities. This unique national system has enabled universities to experiment with capabilities years ahead of their mass commercial distribution. From Arpanet to NSFnet, this far-reaching partnership between government, universities and industry planted the seeds that grew into the modern cyberworld. More recently, NCSA Mosaic and NCSA's Web server software catalyzed the development of the World Wide Web. This "explore the future" methodology has been institutionalized in the National Science Foundation's Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure (PACI) program. Each PACI partnership brings together dozens of leading researchers at some 75 institutions to create the services necessary to prototype a seamless, integrated computational and collaborative environment known as the Grid.