cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensive treatment strategies may not provide superior outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma: overall survival exceeding 7 years with standard therapies

Background: Reported median overall survival (OS) in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been reported to be just 3–4 years. As a consequence, first-line treatment has become more aggressive. Single-center studies with R-Hyper-CVAD and/or autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT) have produced 3-year OS rates >80%, prompting many to adopt their use. We evaluated outcomes from a single-center cohort managed in a more traditional fashion. Methods: We identified patients with MCL evaluated at Weill Cornell Medical Center since 1997, and included those with known date of diagnosis. An online social security database was used to verify survival. Results: We identified 181 patients with MCL, and date of diagnosis could be determined in 111. Three-year OS from diagnosis was 86% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78% to 92%]. Median OS was 7.1 years (95% CI 63–98 months). Adequate information on therapy was available for 75 patients. Only five were treated upfront with (R)-Hyper-CVAD or
CANCER BIOLOGY: Expression of transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor/c- met and acidic fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptors during hepatocarcinogenesis

It is widely believed that abnormal production of polypeptide growth factors, together with other molecular alterations, play an important role in neoplastic development. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) are the three major growth factors that contribute to liver regeneration occurring via both hepatocyte replication and oval cell proliferation. It is not clear, however, whether and to what extent these growth factors are also involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, the gene expression of TGFalpha, HGF and aFGF and their corresponding receptors was examined by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the Solt-Farber protocol. All three growth factor/receptor systems, TGFalpha/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HGF/c-met and aFGF/FGF receptors (flg and bek) were significantly elevated at early time points when oval cells were proliferating. Their respective expression decreased after 1 month and remained at a low level until the development of liver tumors. In all hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) examined, the transcripts of TGFalpha and aFGF were highly expressed, while those of HGF were low. With regard to the receptor expression in the tumors, EGFR was present at varying levels, c-met was expressed at higher levels and flg increased significantly, whereas bek remained at low levels. These data suggest that TGFalpha and aFGF are the major growth factors involved in the progression of HCC, and that the signal of aFGF is mainly transduced by the receptor flg in HCC. Furthermore, HCC cells were phenotypically very similar to oval cells with regard to the gene expression of growth factor/receptor systems. These results, along with the finding that all the HCC cells are positive for the oval cell antigen OV6, and that cytokeratin 19 is heavily expressed in both tumor and oval cells, strongly suggest that at least some of the HCC induced by the Solt-Farber protocol may be derived from oval cells.
Improved feeding structures to enhance the performance of the reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA)

This paper considers the improvement of the feeding structure of the reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA). Full-wave analysis and measured results of the orthogonal cross-coplanar plate reflector IRA shows that the aperture fields are not uniform. The arm angle is varied as an optimization factor and it is shown that the arm angle of 70deg has the maximum radiation efficiency. The termination load and the arm tapering effects are studied using simulation and measurement results. Furthermore, the effect of radius of circle of symmetry is studied and it is shown that a greater circle provides higher gain. A combination of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna and the conical coplanar TEM transmission line is investigated to avoid tiny structure at the focal point and make the connection between the coaxial cable and the feeding arms more convenient. It is shown that a small triangle does not degrade the antenna performance but helps to excite the antenna by a coaxial cable. Finally a combination of the Vivaldi antenna and the coplanar transmission line is introduced to improve the antenna performance. The simulation results for the new antenna show that the antenna efficiency is improved to 45% at the frequency band between 2 GHz to 6 GHz in comparison to the 20.9% for the traditional design and 29.7% for the tapered design. The calculated far-field results of all these antennas are used to radiate a 0.5 ns impulse. The radiated impulse from the Vivaldi fed reflector IRA is 3.55, 2.41, and 2.12 dB higher than the same radiated impulses from the reflector IRA fed by a 45deg traditional feeding arms, 70deg traditional feeding arms, and 70deg tapered feeding arms, respectively
An Analysis of Future Coaches' Emerging Dispositions on Social Justice: The Wooden Effect

This qualitative study explored the extent to which an archetype presented through a non-fiction text could impact aspiring coaches' (AC's) dispositions regarding social justice. Forty-three aspiring coaches at a Midwestern university enrolled in a foundations class that presented issues related to inequity were studied. Analysis of student journals indicated changes in AC's philosophies regarding social justice, an appreciation for the perspectives of underrepresented groups and emergent critical perspectives when examining sport processes. Results of the study imply that a focus on democratic education and constructivism in coaching preparation programs may be of benefit. A means by which praxis of this nature can be realized for future professionals is presented using Giddens' structuration theory.
Reactions toward the Dying: The Effects of a Patient's Illness and Respondents' Beliefs in a Just World.

An experiment was conducted to investigate respondents' feelings about and willingness to volunteer to help (by telephoning or visiting) a dying cancer patient versus a patient with cancer in remission or one portrayed as having a broken leg. Another purpose of the study was to explore the effects of an individual's belief in a just world on his feelings and behaviors toward the dying. As expected, respondents exhibited less positive affect toward the cancer patient than toward patients in the other conditions. Over all conditions, the more attractive the patient was perceived to be, and the less physical pain the patient was perceived to be experiencing, the more positive the respondents' affect was. The assumption derived from Lerner's Just World Theory suggesting that high believers on the just world scale would be likely to exhibit less positive affect and greater avoidance toward the dying than low believers was not supported.
Success Illgotten? The Role of Meiji Militarism in Japan's Technological Progress

This study suggests that the militaristic orientation of the Meiji government and the wars fought against China and Russia contributed significantly to technological development in Meiji Japan (1868–1911). The roles played by the arsenals and the government-owned shipyards and factories in adopting and disseminating foreign technology are described to demonstrate their importance in the rapid Meiji industrialization. The article suggests that it is necessary to reexamine the view, primarily based on macro-economic analysis, that Meiji militarism was basically detrimental to economic growth in Japan.
Characterization of IGBT modules for system EMI simulation

EMI filtering is a critical driver for volume and weight for many applications, particularly in airborne and other mobile platforms. Because of the lack of ability to accurately predict system EMI behavior, EMI filter design usually cannot start until prototype EMI measurement results become available. This often leads to costly schedule delay and disruption, and the resulting design is suboptimal at the best. To solve this problem, systematic EMI modeling method is needed to enable the development of optimal system EMI solutions concurrent with the design of the rest of the system. This paper proposes a piece-wise linear model for IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) modules for EMI simulation with sufficient accuracy and simplicity. Instead of physics-based models the proposed model is composed of a simple piece-wise linear circuit with parameters that can be extracted from the datasheet or simple device measurement. While the model is simple and easy to use, it can achieve sufficient accuracy required for EMI modeling. The proposed model is applied to a three-phase PFC and validated by comparison of model prediction with experimental measurements.
Encouraging personal storytelling by example

Online communities often face challenges of encouraging people to provide more, better, or particular kinds of content. In this paper we add to a growing body of work on interface techniques and domains for influencing people's behavior by encouraging people to contribute personal, rather than informational, content to an online community through presenting example content in a tutorial video. A study of 175 people who viewed a video that contained either more personal or more factual content attached to places on a map showed that people who saw personal content contributed more personally-oriented content and saw MyMaps as more useful for personal tasks than those who saw descriptive content.
The Three Causes of Inversions: Reflections on Pfizer/Allergan and Notice 2015-79

On November 19, 2015, Treasury released Notice 2015-79 (the “Notice”). The Notice represents Treasury’s most recent response to the second wave of inversions, i.e., transactions in which US corporations become subsidiaries of foreign corporations without a meaningful change in their underlying business or in the location of their corporate headquarters. It follows on the heels of the announcement that Pfizer Inc. is considering a merger with Allergan PLC, an inverted Irish company, and supplements Notice 2014-52 from September 2014. Unfortunately, just like Notice 2014-52, the Notice is unlikely to stem the tide, and is even unlikely to stop Pfizer/Allergan. For that, stronger executive and legislative action is needed. To understand the issues, it is important to know about the history of inversions and the three reasons that drive them.
The Effects of Global Interaction on Poverty in Developing Countries, 1991-2005

While previous studies have examined the impact of globalization on a myriad of welfare outcomes in developing countries, the effect of cross-national exchanges on extreme poverty remains unexplored. Poverty has declined substantially during this most recent wave of globalization, suggesting that cross-border relations may be partially responsible. We test this proposition by estimating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and the presence of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) on poverty, measured at both the $1.25-a-day (extreme poverty) level, and the $2.50-a-day (moderate poverty) level, net of domestic conditions. Using a sample of 114 developing countries over five waves of data collected from 1991 to 2005, results from random effects models show that FDI exhibits a positive relationship with poverty at the $1.25 and $2.50 levels, while trade openness demonstrates a negative relationship with both extreme and moderate poverty. Once domestic conditions are controlled, INGO participation fails to demonstrate a significant effect on poverty at either level. Among domestic variables, economic growth and fertility rate affect poverty at the $1.25 level, while growth and domestic investment demonstrate an effect at the $2.50 level. These findings confirm that global interaction by poor countries influences poverty reduction within these countries, but in different directions.
Improved Nondestructive Determination of Two-Dimensional Radial Isotopic Distributions in Irradiated Fuel Pins

The method for the nondestructive determination of two-dimensional radial isotopic distributions of fission and activation products of irradiated fuel pins was improved. In this method the fuel pins are gamma-scanned diametrally at two or more angular orientations, and the diametral isotopic scans are unfolded into two-dimensional radial isotopic distributions. The computer code for processing the data was improved so that it calculates the individual diametral volume segments, the source self-attenuation factors, and the source intensity matrices. The two-dimensional source intensity matrices are presented as radial isotopic distributions, density plots, contour plots, and isometric projections. The new computer code improves the precision and reduces the analysis time as shown in the examination of more than 10 experimental fast- reactor fuel pins.
A discontinuous Galerkin scheme for Chimera overset viscous meshes on curved geometries

Abstract The Chimera overset method is a powerful technique for modeling fluid flow associated with complex engineering problems. The use of structured meshes has enabled engineers to develop a number of high-order schemes, such as the WENO and compact differencing schemes. This paper demonstrates a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme with a Chimera overset method applied to viscous meshes on curved geometries. The small stencil of the DG scheme makes it particularly suitable for Chimera meshes. The small stencil simplifies the hole cutting and partitioning of grids that contain holes. In addition, because the DG scheme represents the solution as cell local polynomials, it does not require an interpolation scheme with a large stencil to establish the inter-grid communication in overlapping regions. Furthermore, the DG scheme is capable of using curved cells to represent geometric features. The curved cells resolve issues associated with linear non-co-located Chimera viscous meshes used for finite volume and finite difference schemes. The DG-Chimera method is demonstrated on a set of viscous Chimera meshes, which would produce erroneous results for a finite volume or finite difference scheme without corrections to the interpolation.
Dispersal Behavior of Colladonus montanus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Cherry Orchards

Dusting with fluorescent-colored powders was a durable and reliable method of marking Colladonus montanus leafhoppers and did not reduce their longevity or subsequent recapture. The percentages of marked C. montanus caught on yellow sticky boards placed in a cherry orchard in autumn, spring, and summer were 9, 21, and 1% respectively. Catches generally decreased exponentially with distance from the release point and with time after release. Captures were prolonged over several weeks after the autumn release but diminished rapidly after warm-weather releases.
ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING ON FLOW FIELD OF MOLTEN STEEL IN THE THIN-SLAB CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD

Electromagnetic braking on flow field of molten steel in the thin-slab continuous casting mold is analyzed by mathematical modeling and experiment.Magnetic flux density and velocity of liquid Sn in the physical model are measured, and the low-Reynolds'number k-e turbulence model is used to solve the eddy viscosity in the momentum equations. The results show that flow field in the mold can be effectively changed by electromagnetic field. With the increasing of magnetic flux density,the let stream intensity of molten steel from nozzle discharged is gradually reduced until its moved direction is changed, at the same time, the velocity rates of whole field is decreased. When the level magnetic field is used, the induced current of liquid metal in the mold is large eddy distribution in the whole flow zone.
Application of molybdenum-coated high-density graphite tube in the determination of lead in blood

[Objective]To establish a simple and practical method which can eliminate interference and improve the precision and accuracy in determination of blood lead,reduce the instrument problems caused by long-term service,and provide a reference for basic level experimenters to improve detection quality.[Methods]The molybdenum-coated high-density graphite tube was applied to reduce the deuterium lamp background absorption. The combination of 0. 1% palladium chloride,0. 1% Triton X-100 and 0. 1% nitrate was used as the matrix modifier. The feasibility of the method was determined by the quality control method in the determination of blood lead.[Results]The relative standard deviation( RSD) of blood lead determination by using the modified method was 1. 1%-8. 2%,and the recovery of standard addition was 97. 8%-101. 8%. The RSD values were analyzed the paired t test( t =2. 635,P 0. 05),and the results showed that the modified method had a good precision. 300 samples were detected for the blood lead by this modified atomic absorption spectrophotometry during 2012-2013. The method showed a good linear relationship within the blood lead concentration of 0-80 μg / L,the correlation coefficient reached over 0. 999,and the relative deviation of parallel double sample was 0. 5%-7. 6%. Two batches of lyophilized bovine blood lead and cadmium standard material( GBW 09139 h, GBW 09140 h) were adopted to simulate the blind sample test,and the lead content was 118. 5 μg / L and 316. 8 μg / L respectively,which the results were within the range of standard certificate.[Conclusion]The molybdenum-coated high-density graphite tube combined with the matrix modifier of 0. 1% palladium chloride,0. 1% Triton X-100 and 0. 1% nitrate can effectively improve the precision and accuracy of the instrument,which is efficient and practical,and this detection method is worth popularizing.
A Model Performance, Interaction and Improvisation

A formal model of performance, interaction, and improvisation is described using mutually recursive processes. The recursion captures feedback, mutual recursion captures interaction between players (or larger entities), and the architecture of the recursive network captures hierarchies of interaction. With this model various classes of interaction can be categorized based on the internals of the engaged processes. These can range from simple articulations and embellishments to complex improvisations. The architecture also allows exploration of novel kinds of algorithmic composition. One of particular interest arises via application of game theory: engaged processes can be viewed as players in a game, where currency is manifested as aspects of musical aesthetics, and the rules relate to control of such aesthetics.
Energetics of cell-cell and cell-biopolymer interactions.

The energy vs distance balance of cell suspensions (in the presence and in the absence of extracellular biopolymer solutions) is studied, not only in the light of the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Over-beek (DLVO) theory (which considered just the electrostatic (EL) and Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) interactions), but also by taking electron-acceptor/electron-donor, or Lewis acid-base (AB) and osmotic (OS) interactions into account. Since cell surfaces, as well as many biopolymers tend to have strong monopolar electron-donor properties, they are able to engage in a strong mutual AB repulsion when immersed in a polar liquid such as water. The effects of that repulsion have been observed earlier in the guise of hydration pressure. The AB repulsion is, at close range, typically one or two orders of magnitude stronger than the EL repulsion, but its rate of decay is much steeper. In most cases, AB interactions are quantitatively the dominant factor in cell stability (when repulsive) and in “hydrophobic interactions” (when attractive). OS interactions exerted by extracellularly dissolved biopolymers are weak, but their rate of decay is very gradual, so OS repulsions engendered by biopolymer solutions may be of importance in certain long-range interactions. OS interactions exerted by biopolymers attached to cells or particles (e.g., by glycocalix glycoproteins), are very short-ranged and usually are negligibly small in comparison with the other interaction forces, in aqueous media.
A Blown Pupil and Intracranial Hemorrhage in a 4-Week-Old: A Case of Delayed Onset Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding, a Rare "Can't Miss" Diagnosis.

Abstract Background Infants are at risk for vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) because of limited stores of vitamin K (VK) at birth and a low concentration of VK in human breast milk. Therefore, the administration of intramuscular (IM) VK at birth has been recommended since 1961 in the United States. Infants who do not receive IM VK and who are exclusively breast-fed are at increased risk for VKDB. While VKDB is rare, a common presentation of late onset VKDB is intracranial hemorrhage. Case report We report the case of a 4-week-old infant who presented to the emergency department with lethargy and a grossly dilated right pupil. The parents denied trauma. A computed tomography scan revealed a right-sided subdural hematoma with midline shift. The infant's international normalized ratio was >10.9 and his prothrombin time PT was >120 seconds. VK was administered and the child was transferred to a tertiary care center for emergent neurosurgery. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? The difficult part of making this critical diagnosis is considering it. Any bleeding in a newborn without trauma should prompt inquiry regarding neonatal VK administration and a serum prothrombin time level. Fortunately, once the diagnosis is made, therapy in the emergency department can be lifesaving and is familiar to emergency physicians. Treatment parallels usual care for the adult with excess anticoagulation caused by warfarin. Prompt intravenous VK is universally accepted. Studies to support fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate are lacking but make good clinical sense for life-threatening bleeding.
Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Complex Mg-Al Intermetallic Compounds via Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory

In the rational search for new materials with useful properties, first-principles calculations are used to suggest promising needles in an astronomical haystack of elemental combinations. Alloys can be especially hard to study, as complicated crystal structures with large unit cells mean many atoms must be considered, which can be computationally out of reach. The authors show that orbital-free density functional theory is an efficient, accurate tool for predicting the properties of $e.g.$ complex Mg-Al superalloys needed for advanced engineering.
Constitutive Justice — A Paradox?

In this chapter, I consider a final objection to the project of developing criteria of constitutive justice, posed by the paradoxical character of the endeavor of, as I have called it, bringing justice to bear on its own foundations. Ultimately, it may be the case that the entire conception of constitutive justice founders because the problem it addresses is simply insoluble, either logically or practically.
Programmed Death 1 Expression on CD4+ T Cells Predicts Mortality after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Excessive or persistent programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression on virus- or tumor-specific T cells during chronic viral infection or malignancy has been associated with impaired immune control. To assess the role of the PD-1 pathway in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), we examined PD-1 expression and maturation phenotype on T cells from 42 patients early (day 55 to 85) after cord blood (CB), matched unrelated donor, and matched related donor transplantation. Expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells was significantly elevated in all transplantation types, with the highest level observed in CB subjects. Elevated PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells early after transplantation was observed in nonsurvivors (median, 40.2%; range, 15.1 to 86.1) compared with survivors (median, 23.6%; range, 8.4 to 55.2; P = .001), indicating its association with increased risk for mortality, especially with CB transplantations, where PD-1 was increased in nonsurvivors (median, 64.6%; range, 36.5 to 86.1) compared with survivors (median, 34.1%; range, 15.9 to 55.2; P = .01). Furthermore, T cell subset analysis revealed that PD-1 expression was further elevated on CD4+ T central memory in nonsurvivors (median, 49.8%; range, 15.1 to 83.4) compared with survivors (median, 24.8%; range, 8.9 to 71.3; P = .002) and on T effector memory cells in nonsurvivors (median, 69.1%; range, 24.7 to 92.6) compared with survivors (median, 43.7%; range, 13.9 to 96.5; P = .0003). Our findings suggest that elevation of PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells is associated with mortality in CB and possibly all SCT recipients.
Type 2 diabetes specialty clinic model for the accountable care organization era.

Abstract Aims A third of the patients with Type 2 diabetes have an advance disease that requires complex pharmacotherapies and advanced expertise, dependent on multiple clinical interactions. Unfortunately, limited providers availability enables only sporadic interactions. Additionally, the expanding Accountable Care Organization (ACO) concept enhances providers' compensation when clinical performance is improving while limiting face-to-face clinic visits. Methods We developed an advanced type 2 specialty clinic model, geared toward frequent remote clinical interventions while limiting face-to-face clinic visits. The model was tested in a 1-year, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. N = 60, patients were randomized 1:1, to the experimental or standard endocrinology clinics. Results Average A1c in the experimental arm decreased from 9.6 ± 0.9% to 7.9 ± 1.3%(p Conclusions We believe that the presented model for a modified type 2 diabetes specialty clinic may enhance providers accessibility and patients' outcomes while improving reimbursement in the ACO model.
The microvascular niche instructs T cells in large vessel vasculitis via the VEGF-Jagged1-Notch pathway

Microvascular networks in the adventitia of large arteries control access of inflammatory cells to the inner wall layers (media and intima) and thus protect the immune privilege of the aorta and its major branches. In autoimmune vasculitis giant cell arteritis (GCA), CD4 T helper 1 (T H 1) and T H 17 cells invade into the wall of the aorta and large elastic arteries to form tissue-destructive granulomas. Whether the disease microenvironment provides instructive cues for vasculitogenic T cells is unknown. We report that adventitial microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) perform immunoregulatory functions by up-regulating the expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), abundantly present in GCA patients’ blood, induced Jagged1 expression, allowing mvECs to regulate effector T cell induction via the Notch–mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway. We found that circulating CD4 T cells in GCA patients have left the quiescent state, actively signal through the Notch pathway, and differentiate into T H 1 and T H 17 effector cells. In an in vivo model of large vessel vasculitis, exogenous VEGF functioned as an effective amplifier to recruit and activate vasculitogenic T cells. Thus, systemic VEGF co-opts endothelial Jagged1 to trigger aberrant Notch signaling, biases responsiveness of CD4 T cells, and induces pathogenic effector functions. Adventitial microvascular networks function as an instructive tissue niche, which can be exploited to target vasculitogenic immunity in large vessel vasculitis.
Abstract 5866: t-Darpp chemoresistence protein: insights into its structure, oligomerization status, calcium-binding properties and phosphorylation sites

t-Darpp, one of two protein isoforms encoded by the PPP1R1B gene, is overexpressed in gastric, esophageal, colon, prostate, and breast cancers; and confers resistance to trastuzumab in Her2+ breast cancer cells. To gain insight into the trastuzumab-resistance mechanism of t-Darpp, we studied its structure, oligomerization status, metal-binding properties, and sites of phosphorylation. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis showed that recombinant t-Darpp exhibits 12% alpha helix, 29% beta strand, 24% beta turn and 35% random coil character at 25°C. Upon mild heat treatment (50°C for five min) the secondary structure does not appreciably change. Metal ion-binding analyses through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and graphite furnace-atomic absorption indicated that t-Darpp co-purifies with calcium, but not other metals commonly found in biological systems. The T75 site, critical for t-Darpp activation of the Akt signaling pathway, is a substrate for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Gel filtration chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium analysis, native blue gel electrophoresis, and glutaraldehyde-mediated crosslinking experiments showed that the majority of t-Darpp (calculated mass = 19 kDa) exists as a monomer, but forms low levels ( Citation Format: Patrycja Magdziarz, You Feng, Dianlu Jiang, Elizabeth Parga, Arianna Celis, Erin Denny, Xiaoying Wang, Martin Phillips, Feimeng Zhou, Susan E. Kane, Jamil Momand. t-Darpp chemoresistence protein: insights into its structure, oligomerization status, calcium-binding properties and phosphorylation sites [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5866. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5866
Human-technology Integration

Human-technology integration is the replacement of human parts and extension of human capabilities with engineered devices and substrates. Its result is hybrid biological-artificial systems. We discuss here four categories of products furthering human-technology integration: wearable computers, pervasive computing environments, engineered tissues and organs, and prosthetics, and introduce examples of currently realized systems in each category. We then note that realization of a completely artificial sytem via the path of human-technology integration presents the prospect of empirical confirmation of an aware artificially embodied system.
Myogenesis Muscle Growth and Structure

A comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that regulate muscle function and development is essential in understanding the physiological and biochemical pathways that mediate meat quality. This chapter will describe skeletal muscle structure, the mechanisms that control muscle contraction, and the metabolic and physiological variation between skeletal muscle tissues comprised of different fiber types. This chapter will also describe the essential molecular aspects that govern skeletal muscle development and growth of meat-type birds. These molecular processes are major determinants of meat quality through regulation of fiber type, fiber size, and the extracellular matrix organization. Alteration of the cellular processes that govern muscle growth through change in management practices, environmental influences, or genetic selection can have substantial effects on subsequent meat quality. This chapter describes the molecular components and cellular signaling pathways that regulate both embryonic development, and posthatch muscle growth.
Local and systemic immune responses to different types of phytohemagglutinin in the green anole: Lessons for field ecoimmunologists.

The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test is commonly used by ecologists to assess cell-mediated immune function of wild animals. It can be performed quickly and easily in the field, involving injection of PHA and measurement of the resultant swelling. There are multiple formulations of PHA used in ecological studies, with potentially differing outcomes that could produce inconsistent results. We tested two common types of PHA in the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) to identify local and systemic immune responses underlying the resultant swelling at 6, 18, 24, and 48 hr post injection. There were differences in both local (injection site) and systemic (blood) leukocyte responses to PHA-L versus PHA-P. PHA-P injection produced a greater overall increase in local heterophil count at the injection site compared with PHA-L, and this response was greatest at 6 and 24 hr post injection. Systemically, heterophil percentage was higher in the blood of PHA-P- versus PHA-L-injected anoles at 24 hr post injection; the time point at which heterophil percentage peaked in PHA-P-injected anoles. These results indicate that although both PHA types are effective tests of immune function in green anoles, the PHA-P swelling response invokes a much stronger heterophilic response. PHA-L is a more specific test of lymphocyte function, particularly at 24 hr post injection, making it preferable for ecoimmunology studies.
Fuzzy Cost Volume Analysis with Multiple Products

Crisp Cost Volume Analysis (CVA) is an easy to use, wide spread instrument in controlling to get an overview about revenues, variable and fixed costs as well as profit or loss to a given state of output and to show the interactions between these variables (Coenenberg (1993) pp. 253 f).
Electronic models for cytochrome P450 oxidations.

The cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize a wide variety of hydrophobic endogenous (1,2) and exogenous compounds (3). Their involvement in drug metabolism and xenobiotic activation has made them one of the most studied families of enzymes. A part of our efforts in the area of drug metabolism and toxicology has been to develop models to predict cytochrome P450 oxidations. In general, a complete model for an enzymatic reaction should include both protein-substrate interactions and the appropriate chemical transformations. Unfortunately, the mammalian enzymes are membrane bound, and crystal structures are not available. Therefore, exact interactions with the protein will be difficult, if not impossible to predict. For many enzymes and receptors, a general description of the binding site can be developed based on the structures of substrates and inhibitors (or agonists and antagonists). This information is used to construct a pharmacophore, a representation of the characteristics of the binding site of the protein. While pharmacophores may be developed for some of the cytochrome P450 enzymes (4,5), this may not be possible for others. Some of the interactions between drug metabolizing P450 enzymes and their substrates are likely to be nonspecific. This is expected since many P450 enzymes show very broad substrate and regioselectivity. Whereas the nonspecific nature of the substrate-P450 interactions prevents the development of structural models for these enzymes, this characteristic allows for the development of electronic models. For some small hydrophobic substrates, rotation within the P450 active site is fast, relative to the substrate oxidation step. This has been shown and described by isotope effect studies, where slowing the rate of oxidation of one position by deuterium substitution causes an increase in the rate of metabolism of another position (6,7).
Automatic conflict resolution in a CDSS

A Collaborative Data Sharing System (CDSS) allows groups of scientists to work together and share their data in the presence of disparate database schemas and instances. Each group can extend, curate, and revise its own database instance in a disconnected mode. At some later point, the group may publish the updates it made for the benefit of others and to get updates from other groups (if any). Any conflicting updates are handled by the reconciliation operation which usually rejects such updates temporally and marks them as "deferred". The deferred set is then resolved manually according to pre-defined data reconciliation policies, priorities, etc. for the whole group. In this paper, we present an approach to resolve conflicts in an automatic manner. The focus is to resolve conflicts in the deferred set by collecting feedbacks about the quality of conflicting updates from local users, and then weighing, and aggregating the different feedbacks to assess the most "trusted" update.
Fixed-combination clindamycin 1%-benzoyl peroxide 5% hydrating gel: a flexible component of acne management

This article reviews various studies supporting the use of a fixed-combination monotherapy hydrating gel containing clindamycin 1% and benzoyl peroxide 5% (C/BPO), which is the only available formulation with a hydrating gel vehicle containing a humectant and an occlusive. The C/BPO hydrating gel provides a flexible and complementary efficacy and/or tolerability profile when used alone or with topical retinoids, which results in rapid response in inflammatory and noninflammatory acne. It also mitigates the irritation associated with disease flare or topical retinoid use, and reduces the postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) seen in women and in patients with skin of color with acne. These benefits are important because they have the potential to improve patient adherence to therapy and clinical outcomes.
The History on Sociocybernetics, RC51, of the International Sociological Association

It is a distinct pleasure to have the honor of extending a welcome to this World Congress on behalf of the co-host organization I represent, the Research Committee on Sociocybernetics, RC5l, of the International Sociological Association. “Socio” indicates a concern for the structure and development of human relationships and, indeed, I was trained as a sociologist. I do teach in a department of sociology and, in fact, my genealogy, by way of my own mentors, goes back through C. Wright Mills and, critically, the Columbia school of the 1950’s. My association with that nomothetic discipline and its primarily present-oriented perspective, however, is mitigated by my long-time affiliation with the Fernand Braudel Center. This represents the collapse of the nomothetic-idiographic, and if you like, science-humanities or quantitative-qualitative, antinomy in both my personal disciplinary and institutional allegiances and my intellectual point of departure with which that collapse is bound up. As I was thinking about what to write, I was reminded that Ludwig von Bertalanffy, so many years ago, suggested that the systems approach he was advocating rendered moot this divide. So, from this deceptively simple premise, then, let me tell you something about the Research Committee on Sociocybernetics of the International Sociological Association.
An open-source Python implementation of California's hydroeconomic optimization model

Abstract This short communication describes a new open-source implementation of the CALVIN model (CALifornia Value Integrated Network), a large-scale network flow optimization model of California's water supply system. The model is cross-platform, uses common data formats, and connects to several freely available linear programming solvers. Given inputs including hydrology, urban/agricultural demand curves, and variable operating costs, the model minimizes the systemwide cost of water scarcity and operations including surface and groundwater reservoirs, wastewater reuse, desalination, environmental flow requirements, and hydropower. Key outputs include water shortage costs and marginal economic values of water and infrastructure capacity. We benchmark the scalability of different solvers up to roughly 5 million decision variables, using shared-memory parallelization on a high performance computing cluster. Runtimes are reduced by two orders of magnitude relative to the original model when no initial solution is provided, in addition to the benefits such as accessibility and transparency that come with an open-source platform. While this model is specific to California, the data and model structure are separated, so a similar framework could be used in any system where water allocation has been formulated as a network flow problem.
Science and the Law

The present work examines some of the clashes and contentions that exist between science (the way in which rational exposition seeks to understand the world around us) and the law (the encoded incarnation of sufficient levels of human agreement within specific societies). In theory, these ways of knowing should act in accord with each other. In practice, often they do not. The typical and traditional way to finesse any particular inconsistency between these realms of human activity is to assert that science and law occupy different ‘magesteria’ of thought. That is, they differ so radically that they may even necessarily be incommensurate one with the other. This assertion is tenable because science and the law are each framed by, react to, and serve sufficiently different constituencies of the human enterprise so as to reasonably be identified and separated in this way. However, I reject these so-called ‘magesterial’ divisions. To support such a rejection, I here compare science and law and how they each approach their mutual experience of a common reality. I look, albeit very briefly, to explore the historic antecedents of the current schism between the two and observe that not all cultures have rended apart these dual faces of humanity. Yet, unfortunately, this intellectual schizophrenia has burgeoned as a result of the pervasiveness of technology and the influence of the west in framing the global worldview. These concerns are expressed around questions as to ways in which scientific expertise is treated in the legal field. But, even as we view these cited interactions we can at the same time, also ask whether it id possible to actually enact a ‘science’ of law. The latter effort might, for example, specify when and where scientific understanding necessarily has to take priority over legal precedence. In conclusion, philosophical ways are sought through which the fundamental division between law and science can be healed to the betterment of our common future.
Combined cereal and pulse flavonoids show enhanced bioavailability by downregulating phase II metabolism and ABC membrane transporter function in Caco-2 model.

Abstract Predominant flavonoids in cereals and pulses are structurally different and may positively interact to enhance bioactivity in combined diet. This work investigated the effects of combined cereal 3-deoxyflavonoids (apigenin, naringenin) and pulse flavonols (quercetin), along with natural extracts, on their bioavailability and underlying mechanisms using Caco-2 monolayer model. Membrane permeability, phase II metabolism, and ATP binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporter expression and function were measured. Apparent absorption of quercetin and apigenin increased (p C3 conjugation. Both natural extracts and apigenin-quercetin combinations synergistically (3–40 fold) downregulated ABC transporter expression, and inhibited P-glycoprotein activity, suggesting direct binding and inhibition of ATPase. Combination of conjugated cereal and pulse flavonoids enhances their potential bioavailability through synergistic inhibition of membrane transporter and phase II enzyme function.
Preemptive Pan-Genotypic Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy in Donor HCV-Positive to Recipient HCV-Negative Cardiac Transplantation Produces Viral Clearance and is Associated with Favorable Outcomes

Summary of Objectives Limited donor heart availability highlights the importance of identifying all potentially transplantable organs. We sought to determine if preemptive administration of pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral therapy could prevent the development of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection while expediting access to donor hearts. Methods We developed a novel non-industry funded protocol supporting HCV donor-positive to recipient-negative heart transplantation (HT). In this single center proof-of-concept trial, patients receiving a NAT-positive HT received preemptive oral glecaprevir-pibrentasvir (GP) on call to the operating room followed by an 8-week course of GP post-transplant. Patient's receiving HCV-antibody positive donors without detectable circulating HCV by nucleic acid testing (NAT) were followed with a reactive approach, and started on GP therapy only if they developed viremia. HCV RNA monitoring was performed to ensure viral suppression and sustained virologic response (SVR). Endpoints Between Nov 2017 and Oct 2018, 23 patients underwent HT with HCV-positive donor hearts, 3 of whom underwent simultaneous heart-kidney transplantation. Median pre-transplant waiting time for patients following enrollment in the HCV protocol (20, IQR 5-59 days) has been lower than that for the 99 patients who have undergone HT outside of the HCV protocol in the last 3 years (113, IQR 40-366 days, p=0.0001). Average peak recipient HCV viral loads were
Tissue Doppler Imaging as a Predictor of Immunoglobulin Resistance in Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is characterized by myocarditis and left ventricular dysfunction during the acute phase of the illness. Despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a significant number of patients are IVIG resistant. We evaluated KD patients in the acute phase of illness using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to assess whether myocardial dysfunction may predict IVIG resistance. All patients with acute KD presenting to Children’s Hospital Colorado from February 2007 through March 2014 were included in this study and underwent echocardiograms with TDI evaluation at diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups: IVIG resistant and IVIG responder. Group differences were assessed using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Chi-square testing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to determine threshold values of TDI measurements associated with IVIG resistance. Fifty-one age-matched IVIG resistant patients were compared to 51 IVIG responder patients [median age, IQR 44.57 (20.13–77.07) vs. 33.49 (17.30–62.89) months, p < 0.44]. There were significant differences in the septal and mitral early diastolic velocities (E′) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01), respectively. ROC analysis demonstrated that tricuspid E′ <0.15 cm/s, septal E′ <0.12 cm/s, and mitral E′ <0.16 cm/s were good predictors of IVIG unresponsiveness (AUC = 0.66, 0.66, and 0.70, respectively). There were no differences between the systolic velocities and late diastolic velocities (A′). IVIG resistant KD patients present with significantly greater diastolic dysfunction compared to responders in patients with KD. TDI may be a useful tool to differentiate KD patients at higher risk of IVIG resistance.
Phonetic Category Formation is Perceptually Driven During the Early Stages of Adult L2 Development

Research on the acquisition of L2 phonology in sequential language learners has stressed the importance of language use and input as a means to accurate production and perception; however, the two constructs are difficult to evaluate and control. This study focuses on the role of language use during the initial stages of development of phonetic categories related to stop voicing and analyzes the relationship between production and perception. Native English-speaking late learners of Spanish provided production/perception data on a weekly basis throughout the course of a seven-week immersion program in which L1 use was prohibited. The production/perception data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects models. Generalized additive mixed models were used to analyze and compare the learning trajectories of each modality. The analyses revealed phonetic learning in both production and perception over the course of the program. Perception gains paralleled those of native bilinguals by the conclusion of the program and preceded production gains. This study is novel in that it provides production/perception data in a semi-longitudinal design. Moreover, the beginning adult learners are examined in a learning context in which L1 use was minimal and L2 input was maximized. Taken together, the experiments suggest that L2 phonetic category formation can occur abruptly, at an early stage of development, is perceptually driven, and appears to be particularly fragile during the initial stages of learning.