cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dangerous dilemma: management of infectious intracranial aneurysms complicating endocarditis

A 41-year-old right-handed man with bicuspid aortic valve and a 3-month history of chronic fever and weight loss presented with sudden onset of severe headache. Computerised tomography of the head revealed a right basal ganglia haemorrhage. Further investigation documented Streptococcus mitis bacteraemia, a fusiform right middle cerebral artery aneurysm, and an abscess at the base of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The patient subsequently died when repeat aneurysmal haemorrhage resulted in cerebral herniation and brain death while on antibiotic therapy. Infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) are uncommon but severe complications of bacterial endocarditis. Several case series have been published evaluating the management of IIAs, but no randomised controlled trials exist to guide treatment decisions. Improved diagnostic techniques, microvascular neurosurgical approaches, and endovascular therapies hold the promise of improved outcomes in the future. This difficult case is used to show an approach towards the management of IIAs complicating bacterial endocarditis based on a review of the published work.
A durable laboratory apparatus for the measurement of soil dielectric properties

A coaxial transmission/reflection measurement system is described which has been used to collect complex dielectric property data for soils. Measurement variables include frequency (45 MHz-26.5 GHz), sample temperature, moisture content, and sample density (the last two accurately determined through mass and volume measurements). The system is shown to adequately measure the properties of pure water and air. Representative soil data are also shown for a clean sand and a very wet clay.
Restoring the Presumption of Innocence

The most commonly repeated adage in U.S. criminal justice is the presumption of innocence: defendants are deemed innocent until proven guilty. Historically, this presumption carried important meaning both before and during trial. However, in light of state and federal changes in pretrial practice, as well as Supreme Court precedent restricting the presumption’s application to trial, the presumption of innocence no longer protects defendants before trial. These limitations on the presumption are fundamentally inconsistent with its constitutional roots. The results of the presumption’s diminution are also troubling as the number of defendants held pretrial has steadily increased such that the majority of people in our nation’s jails have not been convicted of any crime. Few contemporary legal scholars have focused on the dwindling pretrial presumption, let alone its constitutional implications. This article fills the void by examining how the Due Process Clause provides the constitutional basis for the presumption of innocence and how that presumption secures at least one pretrial right: the right to release on bail, absent serious flight risk. For the first time, this article introduces three rules to ensure that the pretrial presumption of innocence remains true to its constitutional roots. Returning the presumption to its constitutional foundation and ensuring its application in ways that are consistent with that foundation will result in less confusion by courts and a more consistent manner to make pretrial decisions.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in BaxYbyCo4Sb12 Skutterudites

We report on the development of an efficient n-type skutterudite based on the double-filled structure of CoSb3. The chosen filler species Ba and Yb have a large phonon contrast and this combination is very effective in lowering the lattice thermal conductivity. The highest figure of merit in excess of 1.3 is obtained near 800K and the figure of merit greater than unity persists down to temperatures of about 550K. The compounds are synthesized with high purity Co (99.998%) and Sb (99.9999%). In order to reduce the cost of the materials, we have also prepared filled skutterudites of similar composition but using less pure Co (99.8%) and Sb (99.999%). The figure of merit of these lower purity compounds reaches ZT = 1 at 800K with the materials’ cost dramatically reduced.
THE C BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM IN PIGS AND THE DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF LINKAGE BETWEEN THE C AND J SYSTEMS.

A new red cell antigen, C/sub a/, was detected in pigs of the Duroc breed, and a twelfth blood group system, the C system was established. Linkage between the C and J blood group loci has been detected by using all available data pertinent to linkage studies. The data are homogeneous with respect to the single-factor segregations and their joint segregation. Complete X or Y linkage has been excluded for both loci. Crossing over seems to occur with equal frequency in the two sexes. The recombination value of 5.3 percent plus or minus 1.1 percent was estimated by using the maximum likelihood method on the combined data. (auth)
El concepto de ironía en la estética de Friedrich Schlegel: contexto y recepción.

La teoria schlegeliana acerca de la ironia continua siendo un referente indiscutible en los estudios dedicados a este concepto. En el ambito concreto de la Estetica y la Teoria de las artes, la nocion de ironia elaborada por F. Schlegel ocupa un puesto privilegiado como herramienta de comprension y exegesis en los analisis de gran cantidad de practicas artisticas modernas y contemporaneas. Ante la vigencia de su propuesta, resulta preciso insistir en la particularidad del programa schlegeliano frente a otros usos e interpretaciones del proceder ironico. En tal sentido, este articulo tratara de enfatizar en la especificidad de sus ideas sobre el fenomeno, a traves de un recorrido, tanto historico como teorico, del contexto y recepcion de esa ironia romantica planteada por el filosofo, asi como por otros autores de la Fruhromantik .
Application of an evolutionary algorithm for parameter optimization in a gully erosion model

Herein we demonstrate how to use model optimization to determine a set of best-fit parameters for a landform model simulating gully incision and headcut retreat. To achieve this result we employed the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), an iterative process in which samples are created based on a distribution of parameter values that evolve over time to better fit an objective function. CMA-ES efficiently finds optimal parameters, even with high-dimensional objective functions that are non-convex, multimodal, and non-separable. We ran model instances in parallel on a high-performance cluster, and from hundreds of model runs we obtained the best parameter choices. This method is far superior to brute-force search algorithms, and has great potential for many applications in earth science modeling. We found that parameters representing boundary conditions tended to converge toward an optimal single value, whereas parameters controlling geomorphic processes are defined by a range of optimal values.
Abstract B067: Taxonomy of breast cancer based on normal cell phenotype and ontology

The classification of lymphoma and leukemia is successfully done by using normal cell types as a reference point which is one of the many reasons that better therapies are available for their treatment. In case of breast cancer, clinically it is classified as Estrogen Receptor positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Her2) positive and triple negative breast cancer while in the research settings, it has been classified by mRNA expression profiling but these classification systems are still evolving. Our laboratory attempted to classify breast cancer by examining the expression of different keratin isoforms and Hormone Receptors (HR) studied through immunostaining in 36 normal breast samples and later in 1731 breast tumors from the Nurses9 Health Study (NHS) cohort with a patient follow up extending beyond 25 years. Among the various receptors tested, three of these receptors: Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor and Vitamin D Receptor were capable of identifying four major subgroups being designated as HR0-3, depending on the number of hormone receptors present. More importantly, radically different survival outcomes were observed between these HR sub-groups through Kaplan Meier curve analysis; which highlights their usefulness as vital biological markers as wells as targets for breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, the characterization of these HR was carried out in 20 different breast cancer cell lines and the combination of different receptor modulators alone or in combination was attempted with better anti-proliferative effects being observed in the combinatorial group than either treatment alone. Thus, our new classification not only re-classifies breast cancer but also gives insight on how patients could be treated through targeting hormone receptors. Citation Format: Ankita Thakkar, Sandro Santagata, Ayse Ergonul, Bin Wang, Terri Woo, Rong Hu, J. Chuck Harrell, George McNamara, Matthew Schwede, Aedin C. Culhane, David Kindelberger, Scott Rodig, Andrea Richardson, Stuart J. Schnitt, Rulla M. Tamimi, Tan A. Ince. Taxonomy of breast cancer based on normal cell phenotype and ontology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B067.
The Geometry of Connections

(1973). The Geometry of Connections. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 5, pp. 475-500.
Clocked Domain Wall Logic Using Magnetoelectric Effects

A new digital device scheme based on the magnetoelectric coupling and automotion of the magnetic domain wall is proposed. A single device is composed of a ferromagnetic wire and two ferroelectric capacitors served as the input and the output. It is shown that with the initialization in the magnetic states, a single device and the corresponding majority gate can realize the NOT, NAND, and NOR functions. Furthermore, the device has the cascadability, input–output isolation, gain, and nonreciprocity. The device concepts are justified by the numerical calculation, including the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation for the magnetization dynamics, the Landau–Khalatnikov equation for the electric polarization dynamics, and the electrostatic equations for the open-circuit output voltage and the charge sharing process between devices. The energy dissipation is also quantified and shown to be two to three orders of magnitude less than that in spin-torque-driven devices.
Using Social Media, Online Social Networks, and Internet Search as Platforms for Public Health Interventions: A Pilot Study.

Objective To pilot public health interventions at women potentially interested in maternity care via campaigns on social media (Twitter), social networks (Facebook), and online search engines (Google Search). Data Sources/Study Setting Primary data from Twitter, Facebook, and Google Search on users of these platforms in Los Angeles between March and July 2014. Study Design Observational study measuring the responses of targeted users of Twitter, Facebook, and Google Search exposed to our sponsored messages soliciting them to start an engagement process by clicking through to a study website containing information on maternity care quality information for the Los Angeles market. Principal Findings Campaigns reached a little more than 140,000 consumers each day across the three platforms, with a little more than 400 engagements each day. Facebook and Google search had broader reach, better engagement rates, and lower costs than Twitter. Costs to reach 1,000 targeted users were approximately in the same range as less well-targeted radio and TV advertisements, while initial engagements—a user clicking through an advertisement—cost less than $1 each. Conclusions Our results suggest that commercially available online advertising platforms in wide use by other industries could play a role in targeted public health interventions.
The Development of a Technique to Estimate the Number of Motor Units in the Urethral Sphincter

An electromyographic technique is presented that has been developed in an effort to quantitate the number of motor units in the urinary sphincter. Sphincter contraction was provoked by electrical stimulation and recorded with a catheter mounted electrode. Incremental stimulation produced corresponding increments of sphincter contraction that were recorded as the magnitude of the sphincter electromyogram. Estimates of the number of motor units in the sphincter were made by analysis of variance of a Poisson distribution. Using this method, the mean number of motor units in the sphincter of five dogs was estimated to be 129 with values ranging from 80 to 182. Anatomical correlation was sought by infiltrating this sphincter with horseradish peroxidase, which is taken up by axonal transport to stain the motor neurons in the spinal cord. The mean number of motor neurons was 229 with values ranging from 116 to 358. There are technical and physiologic explanations for the observed differences between the predicted and the actual number of motor neurons stained and this is addressed in the discussion.
Norovirus Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities

Noroviruses have emerged as one of the leading causes of viral gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. Recent global epidemics present a growing challenge to the healthcare system and to long-term care facilities. Noroviruses spread readily and rapidly through multiple routes (e.g., person-to-person contact, contact with contaminated surfaces, airborne dissemination of vomitus) and thus are able to sustain an epidemic efficiently and successfully. Although norovirus gastroenteritis is a short self-limited illness in healthy immunocompetent individuals, it can result in significant morbidity and mortality in vulnerable compromised persons such as frail elderly persons and older residents of nursing homes. Diagnosis is made by clinical assessment and confirmed primarily by stool evaluation using polymerase chain reaction. Treatment is confined to supportive measures. Public health prevention and control strategies provide guidance regarding surveillance and the necessary steps to curb the clinical effect and spread of norovirus infections in various settings, including long-term care.
Requirements for Goiter Surveys and the Determination of Thyroid Size

Goiter prevalence is investigated to decide whether and which intervention is necessary to eliminate its cause, mainly iodine deficiency. Secondly, monitoring the efficiency of iodine supplementation includes the documentation of changes of thyroid size. Four major questions have to be answered before a survey is started: 1 at how many sites has to be investigated 2 how are the places selected 3 how many persons have to be investigated? 4 which persons have to be investigated The number of places at which investigation have to be performed depends primarily on nutritional differences (ethical, racial and geographic conditions) and the expected goiter prevalence, but not on the (total) population size. The more regional differences the more sites have to be examined. For example, the typical common regions valley, mountain, north, east, west etc. are chosen. Then two sites from each region should be randomly selected. If the figures gained vary relevantly, further surveys close to the sites/regions which differ mostly have to be performed (1, 2).
Mothers' Impact on Daughters' Cardiovascular Reactivity in a High-Threat Context: An Immersive Virtual Environment Study†

Applying Attachment Theory, research on confirmation, the Entropy Model of Uncertainty, and the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat, this investigation examined the role of mothers' communication on adolescents' cardiovascular response to threat. An experimental design allowed for the manipulation of maternal response to daughters experiencing a rapidly approaching wildfire in an immersive virtual environment. Results revealed complexities in the relative benefits of maternal vocalic presence during high-threat situation, with the mother's history of confirming feedback playing an important role in daughters' cardiovascular response. Implications for knowledge are addressed and methodological possibilities of using immersive virtual environments are noted.
The Rights of Refugees under International Law: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

Preamble The States Parties to the present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person, Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural rights, Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms, Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Agree upon the following articles: Part I Article 1 1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. 2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law.
Historical Background and Perspective

Concern of manufacturers and users of instruments for the problems of safety in electrical instrument installations has been, as one might expect, closely related to the number of electrical instruments used in hazardous areas.
Ultra-thin Si 1-x Ge x dislocation blocking layers for Ge/strained Si CMOS devices

We demonstrate ultra-thin (<150 nm) Si1−x Ge x dislocation blocking layers on Si substrates used for the fabrication of tensile-strained Si N channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) and Ge P channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) devices. These layers were grown using ultra high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD). The Ge mole fraction was varied in rapid, but distinct steps during the epitaxial layer growth. This results in several Si1−x Ge x interfaces in the epitaxially grown material with significant strain fields at these interfaces. The strain fields enable a dislocation blocking mechanism at the Si1−x Ge x interfaces on which we were able to deposit very smooth, atomically flat, tensile-strained Si and relaxed Ge layers for the fabrication of high mobility N and P channel metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices, respectively. Both N and P channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transister (MOSFETs) were successfully fabricated using high-k dielectric and metal gates on these layers, demonstrating that this technique of using ultra-thin dislocation blocking layers might be ideal for incorporating high mobility channel materials in a conventional CMOS process.
The Principle of Duty

The principle of duty, as a moral principle, is not as popular as it once was. People have learned to look upon an appeal to duty with distrust and a feeling of uneasiness. Indeed, even when used in correct contexts, the one who calls others to do their duty tends to be apologetic and somewhat embarrassed. The reason is that the principle of duty has often been used as an enticement to non-reflective action. Political leaders, both good and bad, have called upon citizens to do their duty in causes both good and evil. Invasions have been so often undertaken by armies composed of soldiers doing their duty, that the call has become suspect.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Sizing Me Up: Validation of an Obesity-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life Measure in Latino Youth.

Objectives This study aims to validate an obesity-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure, Sizing Me Up (SMU), in treatment-seeking Latino youth. Pediatric obesity has been associated with reduced HRQOL; therefore, valid measures are important for use in diverse populations that may be at increased risk for obesity and related comorbidities. Methods Structural equation modeling tested the fit of the 5-subscale, 22-item SMU measure in Latino youth, 5-13 years of age, with obesity ( N = 204). Invariance testing was conducted to examine equivalence between Latino and non-Latino groups ( N = 250). Results SMU achieved acceptable fit in a Latino population [χ 2 = 428.33, df = 199, p < .001, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.072 (0.062-0.082), Comparative Fit Index = 0.915, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.901, Weighted Root Mean Square Residual = 1.2230]. Additionally, factor structure and factor loadings were invariant across Latino and non-Latino groups, but thresholds were not invariant. Conclusions SMU is a valid measure of obesity-specific HRQOL in treatment-seeking Latino youth with obesity.
Philosophy, Christian Philosophy, and Christian Faith: Reply to Hasker

Many Christians seek to understand how their Christian faith relates to what goes by the name “philosophy.” They eventually see that no single well-defined subject goes by the name “philosophy.” It does not help matters that the term “philosophy” is among the most variably used terms in the English language, even among academic philosophers. This raises the question of how a Christian philosopher should proceed with inquiry about the relation between Christian faith and philosophy. This paper offers an answer in terms of “Christ-shaped” philosophy, and replies to some criticisms from William Hasker.
Some results on spatially coupled protograph LDPC codes

Spatially coupled low-density parity-check block codes (SC-LDPC-BCs) are a class of LDPC codes in which certain ensembles achieve capacity under iterative belief propagation decoding. Prior work has considered these codes mostly from a protograph perspective. Following this viewpoint, our work presents new protographs for the design of protograph-based SC-LDPC-BCs. A reciprocal channel approximation (RCA) analysis of the terminated protographs yields the asymptotic performance limits of the ensembles in terms of their iterative decoding thresholds. Our protographs possess the properties of linear minimum distance growth rate and excellent thresholds. We consider the following channels in our work: binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel (BI-AWGNC), binary erasure channel (BEC), and binary symmetric channel (BSC). Our work focuses on obtaining good designs, with two classes of ensembles being asymptotically regular, for all the three channels while minimizing rate loss.
Probabilistic Linkage of Two National Databases to Study Emergency Care and Hospital Readmission in Children who Survive Traumatic Injury: IJPDS (2017) Issue 1, Vol 1:331 Proceedings of the IPDLN Conference (August 2016)

ABSTRACT ObjectivesTrauma and, in particular, traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children who survive trauma have many health burdens, but how often those burdens lead to emergency care or hospital readmission is unknown. Readmissions occur frequently in adult TBI survivors: approximately 21-28% within one year. No single existing U.S. database contains the necessary variables to study readmissions of children hospitalized after trauma. We previously demonstrated that probabilistic linkage with Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter refinement could accurately link records of children with severe TBI without using protected health information. That work was presented at the IHDLN Conference in 2014. The objectives of this study are to 1) expand the previous linkage to include children with any type of trauma and 2) to determine the 1-year rates of Emergency Department (ED) visit and hospital readmission in children with TBI versus other trauma. ApproachUsing the algorithm we reported previously, we linked the records of children hospitalized after trauma during 2007-2012 in the U.S. National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) with the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. The NTDB contains the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), necessary to categorize TBI. The PHIS database contains a unique identifier for each patient at each hospital, making longitudinal studies possible. Probabilistic linkage was performed using LinkSolv (Strategic Matching, Inc., Morrisonville, NY). We identified ED visits and hospital readmissions of the index cohort in the PHIS database through March 31, 2015. ResultsAmong children hospitalized after acute trauma for >= 2 days, we found that 83% of NTDB records linked accurately. Of the children hospitalized at 28 U.S. hospitals in 19 states, 49,477 were discharged alive; 15,438 had TBI. This represents approximately 10% of U.S. pediatric TBI hospitalizations during that period. The median age was 8 years and 64% were male. The 1-year hospital readmission rate was higher (12.2%, 283/2,306) in those with both TBI and other injuries than those with isolated TBI (8.5%, 1,120/13,132) or non-TBI injuries (8.1%, 2,790/34,039, p < 0.01 across groups). The 1-year ED visit rate differed only modestly between those three groups (14.1% versus 15.4% versus 14.2%, p < 0.01). ConclusionsThis study leverages two linked national datasets to investigate emergency care and hospital readmission in children who survive trauma. Multivariable analyses are ongoing and will be completed by August 2016. We will generate hypotheses about potentially modifiable causes of emergency care and readmission.
Short-term Complication Rates Following Anterior Urethroplasty: An Analysis of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Data

Objective To determine the characteristics and predictors of perioperative complications after male anterior urethroplasty. Materials and Methods The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program is a validated outcomes-based program comprising academic and community hospitals in the United States and Canada. Data from 2007 to 2015 were queried for single-stage anterior urethroplasty using Current Procedure Terminology codes. The primary outcome was frequency of complications within the 30-day postoperative period. Preoperative and intraoperative parameters were correlated with morbidity measures, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used. Results A total of 555 patients underwent anterior urethroplasty, of whom 180 (32.4%) had graft or flap placement. Of the patients, 127 (22.9%) went home the same day after surgery, 255 (45.9%) stayed for 1 night, and 173 (31.2%) stayed for 2 or more nights. No deaths, cardiovascular complications, or sepsis were noted. Forty-seven patients (8.5%) had complications in the 30-day period. The most common complications were infection (57.4%), readmission (42.9%), and return to the operating room (17%). On univariate analysis, patients who had substitution urethroplasty (P = .04) and longer operative times (P = .002) were more likely to have complications, but only longer operative time showed significance on multivariate analysis (P = .006). Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and length of stay were not predictive of complication frequency. Conclusion Anterior urethroplasty has low postoperative morbidity. Longer operative times were associated with increased rate of complications. Longer hospital stay after surgery is not protective against perioperative complications.
Using decision trees to disentangle the complex relationship between diversity and knowledge sharing

Much of the literature in the field of diversity serves to disentangle the seemingly conflicting impact of diversity on performance. While nonlinear models and models of external factors that eithe...
Primary cardiac tumors associated with genetic syndromes: a comprehensive review

Various cardiac tumors occur in the setting of a genetic syndrome such as myxomas in Carney complex and rhabdomyomas in tuberous sclerosis. Tumor biology can be different in syndromic forms, and on imaging children sometimes demonstrate additional manifestations of the underlying syndrome. We discuss the imaging appearance of cardiac tumors occurring in the framework of a genetic syndrome, the findings that suggest an underlying syndrome, and the impact on management.
Capacitated and multiple cross-docked vehicle routing problem with pickup, delivery, and time windows

Abstract The vehicle routing problem (VRP) in cross-docked distribution networks is an important research topic in the supply chain management literature. This paper formulates a mixed integer linear programming model of a special type of capacitated and multiple cross-docked VRP with pickup, delivery, and time windows. The problem is to design a set of routes for vehicle fleets servicing pickup and delivery nodes with defined demands and time windows to achieve the minimum transportation and fixed costs. We propose a hybrid of the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (HGP) to solve the formulated NP-hard problem. Small-size problems are solved by HGP and then compared with the exact method using CPLEX to validate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithm. Extensive experiments have been conducted for medium and large-size problems and the results show the proposed HGP provides better solutions in the allocated time compared to CPLEX.
Communications-based automated assessment of team cognitive performance

In this paper we performed analysis of speech communications in order to determine if we can differentiate between expert and novice teams based on communication patterns. Two pairs of experts and novices performed numerous test sessions on the E-2 Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT) which is a medium-fidelity simulator of the Naval Flight Officer (NFO) stations positioned at bank end of the E-2 Hawkeye. Results indicate that experts and novices can be differentiated based on communication patterns. First, experts and novices differ significantly with regard to the frequency of utterances, with both expert teams making many fewer radio calls than both novice teams. Next, the semantic content of utterances was considered. Using both manual and automated speech-to-text conversion, the resulting text documents were compared. For 7 of 8 subjects, the two most similar subjects (using cosine-similarity of term vectors) were in the same category of expertise (novice/expert). This means that the semantic content of utterances by experts was more similar to other experts, than novices, and vice versa. Finally, using machine learning techniques we constructed a classifier that, given as input the text of the speech of a subject, could identify whether the individual was an expert or novice with a very low error rate. By looking at the parameters of the machine learning algorithm we were also able to identify terms that are strongly associated with novices and experts.
Functional Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Materials

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are amphiphilic molecules that have the ability to self-organize into highly ordered yet fluid, phase-segregated assemblies in the presence of an added polar liquid such as water. The resulting ordered assemblies, called LLC phases, have specific nanometer-scale geometries with periodic hydrophilic and hydrophobic features ranging in structure from bilayer lamellae to extended and interconnected channel systems. Because of their highly uniform, porous nanoscale structures, LLC phases and LLC-based materials have been proposed for use in a number of materials applications. However, only during the last two decades have LLC materials with functional properties and demonstrated applications of LLC systems been realized. This work provides an overview of functional LLC materials and the areas of application where they have made an impact. As new functional properties and capabilities are realized in LLC materials, it is almost certain that they will play more prevalent roles in nanoscience and nanotechnology in the near future.
Vortex sheet roll-up revisited

The classical problem of roll-up of a two-dimensional free inviscid vortex sheet is reconsidered. The singular governing equation brings with it considerable difficulty in terms of actual calculation of the sheet dynamics. Here, the sheet is discretized into segments that maintain it as a continuous object with curvature. A model for the self-induced velocity of a finite segment is derived based on the physical consideration that the velocity remain bounded. This allows direct integration through the singularity of the Birkhoff–Rott equation. The self-induced velocity of the segments represents the explicit inclusion of stretching of the sheet and thus vorticity transport. The method is applied to two benchmark cases. The first is a finite vortex sheet with an elliptical circulation distribution. It is found that the self-induced velocity is most relevant in regions where the curvature and the sheet strength or its gradient are large. The second is the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of an infinite vortex sheet. The critical time at which the sheet forms a singularity in curvature is accurately predicted. As observed by others, the vortex sheet strength forms a finite-valued cusp at this time. Here, it is shown that the cusp value rapidly increases after the critical time and is the impetus that initiates the roll-up process.
Evolution of tetrapyrrole pathway in eukaryotic phototrophs

Abstract Tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll and heme are involved in conversion of the light energy to chemical bonds by photosynthetic electron transfer as well as phosphorylation and participation as cofactor in various enzymatic activities and in cellular signaling, respectively. Therefore, they are crucial constituents of the cell metabolism in all three domains of cellular life. In eukaryotes, the pathway was shaped by past endosymbioses and consecutive endosymbiotic and non-endosymbiotic gene transfers. These processes resulted in a true mosaic of enzymes with diverse origins and reshuffled subcellular localizations. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the arrangement of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in eukaryotic phototrophs, and discusses how endosymbiotic events modulate this pathway arrangement.
M-AAA-nsplaining: Gender bias in questions asked at the American Anthropological Association's Annual Meetings.

A large body of research has revealed the challenges that disproportionately affect women as they climb the academic ladder. One area that has received relatively little attention is women’s experiences at academic conferences, which are often integral to academics’ professional development. As conferences are attended by professional colleagues and influential players in specific fields, the professional consequences of any gender bias in criticism are likely to be amplified at such venues. Here, we explore the degree to which the likelihood of audience members asking a question and offering criticism is associated with the gender of a presenter. Audience questions were tabulated during the authors’ visits to the three American Anthropological Association Annual Meetings. The results suggested that men were indeed marginally more likely to ask a question, both when considering all types of questions and when considering only critical questions. However, there was no evidence that they differentially targeted women for these questions. Future research might explore what motivates assertive and critical speech in men and women and how their experiences in receiving it might differ, particularly in academic settings in which critical speech might be considered more acceptable.
The Effect of Group Deliberation on the Endowment Effect: An Experimental Study

The 'endowment effect' (EE) - people valuing an asset more when they possess it - has been studied in detail with individuals. The prices individuals demand to sell a good they own is significantly higher than what they offer to buy it. Only one previous study examines the EE at the group level, despite implications ranging from attorney-client and international negotiation to land use decisions to legislative decision-making. Questions: (1) Does group deliberation affect individual demonstration of the EE? (2) Do groups exhibit the EE? Findings: (1) deliberation exacerbates individual demonstration of the EE; (2) groups exhibit the effect. Implications are addressed.
Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen from Fusobacterium nucleatum strain CC 7/3 JVN3 C1 and development of a mouse monoclonal antibody specific to the O-antigen

Fusobacterium nucleatum is becoming increasingly recognised as an emerging pathogen, gaining attention as a potential factor for exacerbating colorectal cancer and is strongly linked with pregnancy...
Motivations, business structures, and management intentions of large family forest landowners: A case study in the U.S. South

Abstract A case study approach was used to better understand the characteristics of large family forest landowners in the U.S. South. In particular, this study examines these landowners' business structures, extent of ownership, and management objectives. Large family forest landowners were defined as families or family businesses owning large tracts of forested land. Using the theoretical framework of the socioemotional wealth model, we identified and interviewed 36 family forest landowners with large landholdings (a total of 1.37 million acres and an average of 37,000 acres per owner), recorded and transcribed discussions, and analyzed the results using a grounded theory approach. Findings suggested that in addition to financial benefits, the landowners derived socioemotional benefits from the land, such as a sense of identity associated with the land and its history and the value of passing it on to future generations. These nonfinancial benefits coupled with large landholdings could lead to the adoption of business structures to maintain the land as a consolidated unit. The results of this study show that business structures of large family forest landowners may indicate motivations for managing the land and intentions for long-term ownership of the land.
Are There Optimal Forms of Public-Private Partnerships?

Many emerging economies have launched ambitious efforts to privatize state-owned enterprises (SOEs). However, not all privatization entails complete ownership and control transfer from public to private hands. In this study, we recognize different forms of public-private partnerships in investment projects in emerging economies. We conceptualize these organization forms as different ownership and control by SOEs and private entities. Integrating transaction cost economics (TCE), agency theory, and institution-based view; we propose that public-private partnership forms are interdependent with characteristics of private entities and institutional environments. We find that there are optimal forms of partnerships that benefit the performance of public-private investments.
Interaction effect of high feed to inoculum ratio (F/I) and temperature on the biomethanation kinetics of water hyacinth

The anaerobic digestion of the invasive water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes Mart.) from eutrophic water bodies could contribute to the sustainability of communities that have insecure energy sources. The optimization of critical process parameters, e.g., feed to inoculum ratio (F/I), temperature, supplementation, and inoculum acclimatization is important for large-scale applications. In the present work, water hyacinth was anaerobically digested at different F/I (1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 30.0), mesophilic temperatures (30 and 40 °C), and supplementation settings using non-acclimatized and acclimatized inoculum to determine the process’s optimal conditions through kinetics (modified Gompertz, Chen and Hashimoto, and first-order) and energy analyses. The F/I ratio had a directly proportional effect on the methane yield [N mL·CH4/g·VS], which ranged from 416.8 ± 6.2 (F/I = 1.0) to 263.8 ± 26.9 (F/I = 30.0). The methane production rate [N mL·CH4/g·VS·day] was highest at 40 °C (9.0 ± 0.8) and lowest at F/I = 30 (5.6 ± 2.8). The biomethanation of water hyacinth followed the modified Gompertz and Chen and Hashimoto models when using the non-acclimatized and acclimatized inoculum, respectively. A 30-day pseudo-lag phase was observed at the highest F/I (30) and low temperature (30 °C) but was negligible at higher temperature (40 °C). For a 5.0 m3 biodigester, the highest estimated net energy occurred at F/I = 30 (370.5 ± 22.6 MJ). The doubling times at 40 °C (16.9 ± 0.3 days) were lower than that at 30 °C (49.6 ± 2.5 days). The anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth in batch mode was optimal at higher F/I ratio and high mesophilic temperatures.
The Effect of Lockdown on Public Health and Economic System: Findings from First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Designing Effective Strategies to Cope with Future Waves

One of the fundamental problems in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis is the critical decision of introducing or not wide social restrictions, such as national lockdown, with the expectation of reducing the final impact of the novel coronavirus in society. This study analyzes, in an international comparative perspective, confirmed cases and fatality rates between three countries with longer and three countries with shorter period of national lockdown during the first wave of COVID-19 from March to August 2020 to assess the effectiveness of this policy response on public health. Empirical evidence suggests contradictory results: a) countries with shorter period of lockdown have a variation of confirmed cases/population (%)from August to March 2020higher than countries with longer period of lockdown; b) countries with shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with longer period of lockdown (12.70%), whereas variation of fatality rate from August to March 2020 suggests a higher reduction in countries with longer period of lockdown (-1.9% vs 0.72%). However, Independent Samples Test and the Mann-Whitney test reveal that fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was statistically significantly lower than countries with longer period of lockdown (-7.3%, p-value<.05), instead other variations of effectiveness of longer lockdown on public health are not significant. Overall, then, results here suggest that the impact of longer period of national lockdown by governments seems to be rather ambiguous on public health, whereas the COVID-19 pandemic associated with longer period of lockdown has a real higher negative impact on economic growth of countries. Lessons learned from this study on how countries in different economic, social, and institutional contexts have handled the COVID-19 pandemic crisis with shorter or longer period of lockdown can be important to design effective public responses for constraining future waves of the COVID-19 and future epidemics similar to the COVID-19.
How International Should International Arbitration Be

This paper focuses on when the question of how international arbitration has to be becomes relevant.
An Unusual Cause of Septic Emboli (845)

Objective: To report a rare presentation of septic thromboembolic stroke as a delayed complication of cardiac ablation. Background: Radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (RAF) is an increasingly performed procedure, applied especially in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). A dangerous complication of RAF is Atrial Esophageal (A–E) fistula and prognosis is dependent on a prompt diagnosis. While known to cause pneumomediastinitis, GI bleed or cerebral air embolism, rarely a delayed septic thromboembolic stroke may be the initial presentation. Design/Methods: n/a Results: 74-year-old male who presented following acute onset of fever, lethargy and left-sided deficits. Neurologic assessment confirmed altered mental status and left hemiplegia. Blood cultures revealed gram-positive cocci in chains. Lumbar puncture revealed pleocytosis, increased protein and increased glucose. Patient was started empirically on broad spectrum antibiotics due to concerns for endocarditis. Relevant history included a RAF 30 days prior to presentation. In the post-operative period, patient had no complaints and was in his usual state of health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bihemispheric non-hemorrhagic infarcts with pachymeningeal enhancement. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mass on the atrial wall. CT chest with contrast demonstrated air in the wall of the left atrium. Patient underwent emergency surgery. Operative report confirmed A–E fistula and described destruction of the endocardium with a large polymicrobial vegetation on the atrial wall. Neurological deficits persisted after surgical repair. Conclusions: In patients with meningitis, stroke, seizures, or impaired consciousness and fever, it should be determined whether they have had a previous RAF. In cases with a history of recent RAF, A–E fistula should be strongly considered since outcome can be catastrophic. Thus, awareness of A–E fistula by the neurologist may play a crucial role in the survival of patients that develop this complication after an increasingly performed procedure. Disclosure: Dr. Davila Martinez has nothing to disclose.
Spectrum sharing between RLANs and terrestrial links in the 6 GHz band

In the United States, the 6 GHz band (5925-7125 MHz) has recently been opened for unlicensed use, such as Radio Local Area Networks (RLANs), while sharing the spectrum with current incumbents. This paper proposes a novel aggregate interference model to analyze the impact of RLANs, specifically Wi-Fi devices, on fixed and mobile terrestrial incumbents, based on a spatial, time and frequency-domain approach using Monte Carlo simulations and real data. We simulate low-power indoor and standard-power operations based on the rules authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In addition, we analyze the effect of increasing the maximum power spectral density by 3 dB for low-power indoor operations, as inquired by the FCC. Urban, suburban and rural scenarios were simulated and compared. The results show that Wi-Fi devices can coexist with terrestrial incumbents without causing harmful interference.
Single-base editing of rs12603332 on Chromosome 17q21 with a Cytosine Base Editor regulates ORMDL3 and ATF6α expression.

BACKGROUND Genetic association studies have demonstrated that the SNP rs12603332 located on chromosome 17q21 is highly associated with the risk of the development of asthma. METHODS To determine whether SNP rs1260332 is functional in regulating levels of ORMDL3 expression, we used a Cytosine Base Editor (CBE) plasmid DNA or a CBE mRNA to edit the rs12603332 C risk allele to the T non-risk allele in a human lymphocyte cell line (i.e., Jurkat cells) and in primary human CD4 T cells that carry the C risk alleles. RESULTS Jurkat cells with the rs12603332 C risk allele expressed significantly higher levels of ORMDL3 mRNA, as well as the ORMDL3 regulated gene ATF6α as assessed by qPCR compared to Jurkat clones with the T non-risk allele. In primary human CD4 T cells, we edited 90 ± 3% of the rs12603332-C risk allele to the T non-risk allele and observed a reduction in ORMDL3 and ATF6α expression. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the non-risk allele rs12603332-T could be the central element of the E-box binding motif (CANNTG) recognized by the E47 transcription factor. An EMSA assay confirmed the bioinformatics prediction demonstrating that a rs12603332-T containing probe bound to the transcription factor E47 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS SNP rs12603332 is functional in regulating the expression of ORMDL3 as well as ORMDL3 regulated gene ATF6α expression. In addition, we demonstrate the use of CBE technology in functionally interrogating asthma-associated SNPs using studies of primary human CD4 cells.