cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Duke FEL light source facility

FEL research has proceeded during the last twenty five years from marginal proof of principle experiments to the construction and operation of devices optimized to provide the unique properties (peak power, tunability, and odd-wavelength capabilities) of most interest to the user community. The commissioning of the major facilities of the Duke FEL Laboratory constitutes another milestone along this path: the development of an integrated, FEL-based, research facility offering the opportunity to explore the capabilities and applications of high power, synchronized, multi-wavelength IR, UV and Gamma-ray FEL light sources. The size, cost and capabilities of such facilities appear uniquely well suited to the resources and interests of multi-disciplinary research universities.
On Partitions into Stationary Sets

We shall apply some of the results of Jensen [4] to deduce new combinatorial consequences of the axiom of constructibility, V = L . We shall show, among other things, that if V = L then for each cardinal λ there is a set A ⊆ λ such that neither A nor λ – A contain a closed set of type ω 1 . This is an extension of a result of Silver who proved it for λ = ω 2 , providing a partial answer to Problem 68 of Friedman [2]. The main results of this paper were obtained independently by both authors. If λ is an ordinal, E is said to be Mahlo (or stationary) in λ, if λ – E does not contain a closed cofinal subset of λ. Consider the statements: (J 1 ) There is a class E of limit ordinals and a sequence C λ defined on singular limit ordinals λ such that (i) E ⋂ μ is Mahlo in μ for all regular > ω; (ii) C λ is closed and unbounded in λ; (iii) if γ C λ , then γ is singular, γ ∉ E and C γ = γ ⋂ C λ . For each infinite cardinal κ: (J 2,κ ) There is a set E ⊂ κ + and a sequence C λ (Lim(λ), λ + ) such that (i) E is Mahlo in κ + ; (ii) C λ is closed and unbounded in λ; (iii) if cf(λ) C λ (iv) if γ C λ then γ ∉ E and C γ = ϣ ⋂ C λ .
The extraction of photovoltaic module parameters using Fibonacci and Steepest Descent methods

Determination of the parameters for a photovoltaic (PV) module is an important part in the PV module modeling process. The PV module parameters include the series and shunt resistances, the leakage currents, the ideality constants, and the PV module solar dependent current. The significance of the PV module parameters is underscored when the high fidelity replication of the behavior of a given PV module is desired. Most PV modules come with a datasheet, which contains key information about the PV module. Some of the data on the PV module datasheet include the maximum power point voltage and current of the PV module, the short circuit current, and the open circuit voltage. Also found on the datasheet are the current and voltage temperature coefficients. However, without accurate knowledge of the PV parameters, obtaining the operating points provided on the PV module datasheet, such as open circuit voltage and maximum power point voltage and current is difficult. The number of parameters to be determined for the PV module is dependent on the model of PV module that is used. The simplest model of the PV module is the one-diode model, followed by the two-diode model, and then the three-diode model. The two-diode PV array model is widely used in the PV array model development, and this two-diode model is the focus of this paper. Current publications that propose methods of extracting the PV module parameters make several simplifications. The goal of these simplifications is to make the two-diode PV model observable. The proposed PV module parameter extraction method in this paper is the method of an optimized Fibonacci search, and the Steepest Descent method. Using these methods, no simplifications are made, and accurate results as compared with data measurements from an actual PV module, are obtained.
Practices for Identifying and Rejecting Hemolyzed Specimens Are Highly Variable in Clinical Laboratories

� Context.—Hemolysis is an important clinical laboratory quality attribute that influences result reliability. Objective.—To determine hemolysis identification and rejection practices occurring in clinical laboratories. Design.—We used the College of American Pathologists Survey program to distribute a Q-Probes–type questionnaire about hemolysis practices to Chemistry Survey participants. Results.—Of 3495 participants sent the questionnaire, 846 (24%) responded. In 71% of 772 laboratories, the hemolysis rate was less than 3.0%, whereas in 5%, it was 6.0% or greater. A visual scale, an instrument scale, and combination of visual and instrument scales were used to identify hemolysis in 48%, 11%, and 41% of laboratories, respectively. A picture of the hemolysis level was used as an aid to technologists’ visual interpretation of hemolysis levels in 40% of laboratories. In 7.0% of laboratories, all hemolyzed specimens were rejected; in 4% of laboratories, no hemolyzed specimens were rejected; and in 88% of laboratories, some specimens were rejected depending on hemolysis levels. Participants used 69 different terms to describe hemolysis scales, with 21 terms used in more than 10 laboratories. Slight and moderate were the terms used most commonly. Of 16 different cutoffs used to reject hemolyzed specimens, moderate was the most common, occurring in 30% of laboratories. For whole blood electrolyte measurements performed in 86 laboratories, 57% did not evaluate the presence of hemolysis, but for those that did, the most common practice in 21 laboratories (24%) was centrifuging and visually determining the presence of hemolysis in all specimens. Conclusions.—Hemolysis practices vary widely. Standard assessment and consistent reporting are the first steps in reducing interlaboratory variability among results. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139:1014–1019; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0161-CP)
Introduction to Cardiac Neuronal Imaging: A Clinical Perspective

Procedures for noninvasive and minimally invasive imaging of cardiac neurons and neuronal function using radiolabeled compounds were developed in the second half of the 20th century. The foundation for these procedures was several centuries of research that identified the structural components of the autonomic nervous system and explored the means by which neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine contributed to neuronal control of target organ effector cells. This article provides a brief clinical overview of modern approaches to the assessment of cardiac neurons as an introduction to the in-depth articles on the current status of cardiac neuronal imaging presented in this supplement.
Wildlife Conservation Planning Using Stochastic Optimization and Importance Sampling

Formulations for determining conservation plans for sensitive wildlife species must account for economic costs of habitat protection and uncertainties about how wildlife populations will respond. This paper describes such a formulation and addresses the computational challenge of solving it. The problem is to determine the cost-efficient level of habitat protection that satisfies a viability constraint for a sensitive wildlife population. The viability constraint requires a high probability of attaining a population size target. Because of the complexity of wildlife prediction models, population survival probabilities under alternative protection plans must be estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. The computational challenge arises from the conflicting effects of sample size: fewer replications used to estimate survival probability increases the speed of the search algorithm but reduces the precision of the estimator of the optimal protection plan. Importance sampling is demonstrated as a simulation technique for reducing estimator variance for a given sample size, particularly when the tail of the population distribution is of critical importance. The method is demonstrated on a hypothetical problem involving gray wolf management in the Great Lakes region of the United States. In comparison to random sampling, importance sampling produces a 21-fold reduction in the variance of the estimator of the minimum-cost protection plan. Results from the optimization model demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the minimum-cost protection plan to the structure of the growth model and the magnitude of environmental variation. This sensitivity is not widely recognized in the literature on wildlife habitat planning and is a strong reason for using optimization methods that can handle stochastic population models with a wide range of structures.
The intersection of identity, culture and science engagement

Iva Gurgel, Mauricio Pietrocola, and Graciella Watanabe expand upon the existing literature, which links identity and science engagement. Specifically, the authors focus on ways in which the cultural identities of students relate to their engagement in physics. In doing so, Gurgel, Pietrocola, and Watanabe further build upon the idea that one’s identity is not immutable, but rather is continually re-constituted throughout life. Employing the lens of ontological authenticity, the authors use three interventions with the purpose of revealing the intersection of students’ cultural identity and science. In this paper I extend the dialogue on how we can further explore the link between identity and science engagement, starting first with a consideration of student identity and its significance, before extending this inquiry into the specific field of science.
Skill Gaps, Skill Shortages, and Skill Mismatches Evidence and Arguments for the United States

Concerns over the supply of skills in the U.S. labor force, especially education-related skills, have exploded in recent years with a series of reports not only from employer-associated organizatio...
Nutritional Issues in Cystic Fibrosis

The importance of maintaining adequate nutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis has been well known for the past 3 decades. Achieving normal growth and maintaining optimal nutrition is associated with improved lung function. Comprehensive and consistent nutritional assessments at regular intervals can identify those at risk of nutritional failure and uncover micronutrient deficiencies contributing to malnutrition. Management of malnutrition in cystic fibrosis should follow a stepwise approach to determine the causes and comorbidities and to develop a nutritional plan. Nutritional management is crucial at every stage in a person's life with cystic fibrosis and remains a cornerstone of management.
Predicting E. Coli promoters using formal grammars

Ever since the structure of the DNA was discovered, linguistics has been part of molecular biology [13]. Grammatical linguistics is a powerful method to express information and describe its structure. It can be used to express transcribed in DNAs. Most formal grammar applications on DNAs are based on Searls DNA parsing approach using Prolog-based Definite Clause Grammars (DFG) [11]. Extensions of this approach include String Variable Grammar [6] and Basic Gene Grammars [5]. This paper presents a novel approach by parsing Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) promoter sequences using a Context-Free Grammar (CFG). The approach takes advantage of an error correcting parsing algorithm introduced by Rajasekaran and Nicolae [1]. The idea is to derive a grammar for known promoter regions and then modify this grammar to tolerate errors. The resulting cover grammar can then be employed to recognize promoter regions. Introducing probabilities in the production rules can further extend the cover grammar. Please note that in this paper we introduce this novel paradigm. In our future work we will implement this approach and test it on various datasets.
When Sexism Cuts Both Ways: Predictors of Tolerance of Sexual Harassment of Men

This study explored whether tolerance of sexual harassment of men (TSHM) is driven by a common set of sexist ideologies typically found to be related to tolerance of sexual harassment of women. University students (N = 433) completed a modified version of the Sexual Harassment Attitude Scale (SHAS) designed to measure TSHM. Predictor variables included sexual harassment myths about women, modern sexism, hostile, and benevolent sexism toward men and women and participant gender. A factor analysis of the measure revealed two reliable factors (sexual harassment as flirtation and minimization of victimization). With the exception of benevolence toward women, men scored higher on all measures of sexism and TSHM, yet correlational patterns showed a similar trend among men and women, suggesting a shared ideological belief that justifies TSHM. Despite differences in participant sex on most measures, participant sex was not a significant moderating variable in regression analyses when examining factors relating to...
A practical way to estimate retail tobacco sales violation rates more accurately.

Purpose U.S. states annually estimate retailer propensity to sell adolescents cigarettes, which is a violation of law, by staging a single purchase attempt among a random sample of tobacco businesses. The accuracy of single-visit estimates is unknown. We examined this question using a novel test-retest protocol. Method Supervised minors attempted to purchase cigarettes at all retail tobacco businesses located in 3 Colorado counties. The attempts observed federal standards: Minors were aged 15-16 years, were nonsmokers, and were free of visible tattoos and piercings, and were allowed to enter stores alone or in pairs to purchase a small item while asking for cigarettes and to show or not show genuine identification (ID, e.g., driver's license). Unlike federal standards, stores received a second purchase attempt within a few days unless minors were firmly told not to return. Separate violation rates were calculated for first visits, second visits, and either visit. Results Eleven minors attempted to purchase cigarettes 1,079 times from 671 retail businesses. One sixth of first visits (16.8%) resulted in a violation; the rate was similar for second visits (15.7%). Considering either visit, 25.3% of businesses failed the test. Factors predictive of violation were whether clerks asked for ID, whether the clerks closely examined IDs, and whether minors included snacks or soft drinks in cigarette purchase attempts. Conclusion A test-retest protocol for estimating underage cigarette sales detected half again as many businesses in violation as the federally approved one-test protocol. Federal policy makers should consider using the test-retest protocol to increase accuracy and awareness of widespread adolescent access to cigarettes through retail businesses.
Short-term memory for figural items as a function of the number of variable dimensions

A total of 108 undergraduates were given a memory span task for figural items varying in one, two, or three dimensions. Memory span in item units significantly decreased, and memory span in bits of information significantly increased as functions of the increase in the number of variable dimensions and bits of information per item. Results are interpreted as additional evidence that the constant chunk hypothesis is wrong and as further extension of previous data on univariate and bivariate information storage.
Regulation of reconstituted renal Na+/H+ exchanger by calcium-dependent protein kinases.

Studies were performed to determine the effect of protein phosphorylation mediated by calcium-calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase II and calcium-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase on Na+/H+ exchange activity. Proteins from the apical membrane of the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney were solubilized in octyl glucoside and incubated in phosphorylating solutions containing the protein kinase.22Na+ uptake was determined subsequently after reconstitution of the proteins into proteoliposomes. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent multifunction protein kinase II inhibited the amiloride-sensitive component of proton gradient-stimulated Na+ uptake in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of this kinase had an absolute requirement for calmodulin, Ca2+, and ATP. Calcium-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase stimulated the amiloride-sensitive component of proton gradient-stimulated Na+ uptake in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulating effect of this kinase had an absolute requirement for ATP, Ca2+, and an active phorbol ester. These experiments indicate that Na+/H+ exchange activity of proteoliposomes reconstituted with proteins from renal brush-border membranes are inhibited by protein phosphorylation mediated by calcium-calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase II and stimulated by that mediated by calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
Differences in the Vibrational Dynamics of H2O and D2O: Observation of Symmetric and Antisymmetric Stretching Vibrations in Heavy Water

Water’s ability to donate and accept hydrogen bonds leads to unique and complex collective dynamical phenomena associated with its hydrogen-bond network. It is appreciated that the vibrations governing liquid water’s molecular dynamics are delocalized, with nuclear motion evolving coherently over the span of several molecules. Using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, we have found that the nuclear motions of heavy water, D2O, are qualitatively different than those of H2O. The nonlinear spectrum of liquid D2O reveals distinct O–D stretching resonances, in contrast to H2O. Furthermore, our data indicates that condensed-phase O–D vibrations have a different character than those in the gas phase, which we understand in terms of weakly delocalized symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations. This difference in molecular dynamics reflects the shift in the balance between intra- and intermolecular couplings upon deuteration, an effect which can be understood in terms of the anharmonicity of the nuclear...
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Anti-HIV Transgenic Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model (NOD/SCIDγc−/−) for HIV Stem Cell Gene Therapy.

In vivo mouse models for safety and efficacy studies of anti-HIV gene therapeutics have been lacking in their ability to evaluate normal systemic hematopoiesis with the development of a functional immune system. These deficiencies in modeling these normal and essential physiologies can now be generated in the recently developed NOD/SCIDγ c −/− mouse model. Human CD34+ progenitor cells after intrahepatic injection will undergo multi-organ engraftment generating a functional thymus along with the production of T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon injection with various strains of HIV-1, engrafted mice display a disseminated infection due to viral replication in human T cells and macrophages. Infected mice acquire characteristics of increased viremia over time with human CD4+ T cell depletion. Anti-HIV immune responses can also be generated in mice with high viremia. Here we demonstrate the successful engraftment of NOD/SCIDγ c −/− mice after injection with human CD34+ progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord blood. Human cell engraftment was observed in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs including the bone marrow (B cells and macrophages), thymus (T cells), spleen (T cells and B cells), lymph nodes (T cells and B cells), and peripheral blood (T cells and B cells). Human CD34+ cells were found in the liver concluding either organ retention from the initial injection or circulation in the peripheral blood. After displaying a high level of engraftment (>50%), we are now able to proceed with evaluating a number of anti- HIV gene therapeutic constructs for pre-clinical testing. These lentiviral vector constructs include a CCR5 shRNA which has been previously shown to knock down complete expression of CCR5, a human/rhesus macaque chimeric isoform of TRIM5α capable of potently inhibiting HIV-1 infection at the pre-integration step, and combination constructs containing multiple anti-HIV genes. The NOD/SCIDγ c −/− mouse model will allow us to evaluate both the safety of these various anti-HIV lentiviral constructs in generating normal functioning transgenic immune system cells and also the efficacy of these anti- HIV genes in inhibiting HIV-1 infection in vivo. With the ability to facilitate multilineage human cell engraftment with the susceptibility for HIV infection, this in vivo model allows for the evaluation of anti-HIV gene therapeutic constructs in a stem cell-based setting. Lentiviral vector transgenic cells can now be tested for their capacity for normal immune system reconstitution.
Performance of two prevalent infiltration models for disturbed urban soils

Estimating infiltration losses is very important for calculating runoff and recharge. However, the accuracy of contemporary infiltration models for disturbed urban soils may not be adequate, potentially compromising calculations based upon them. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the two most prevalent infiltration models, Horton and Green–Ampt, for applications in urban soils. The data were measured by the US Environmental Protection Agency in a large city for soils with various characteristics of texture, structure, age, compactness, and dryness/wetness. The results indicate both models performed better in predicting infiltration rates for clayey rather than sandy soils, for new rather than old soils, and for wet rather than dry soils. For the clayey soils, both models performed better for the noncompact than compact soils. The opposite was true for sandy soils. Overall, neither infiltration model performed well for most soils, with the sole exception of the new clayey, wet, noncompact soils. The generally poor performance of the models in disturbed soils will likely increase uncertainty in model predictions. This study demonstrates the need to develop improved, more robust infiltration algorithms applicable to urban soils and various kinds of urban development that are based on carefully measured field experimental data.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia: a tale of divergence

![Figure][1] A 44-year-old man presented with splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and occasional circulating hairy cells (panel A upper inset; original magnification ×1000, Wright-Giemsa stain). A B-cell infiltrate was detected in the bone marrow (panel A, original magnification ×400, hematoxylin
Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrins in Model Cell Systems

A large amount of work has been done on the photophysics, photochemistry and photosensitizing properties of porphyrins in aqueous solutions. Even so, much remains to be learned about porphyrin-sensitized photooxidation reactions (photodynamic effects) in simple systems. In particular, the dependence of the mechanisms and efficiencies of the reactions on porphyrin structure, the aggregation state of the porphyrin, the properties of the reaction medium and the chemical structure of the substrate being photooxidized must be studied in more detail.1 It is difficult at present to usefully extrapolate much of the wealth of information available on the photosensitizing behavior of porphyrins in homogeneous solution to the cellular situation. First, the cell membrane poses a differential barrier to the penetration of different porphyrins from the external solution because of its hydrophobic core, and perhaps because of its charge. Further, cells are not homogeneous bags of fluid; both the membrane and the interior are made up of an enormous number of microregions with widely different chemical-physical properties.
Abstract P095: Effects of Obesity on Placental Ischemia-induced Hypertension

Although it is known that obesity is a risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), the mechanisms are not clear. Placental ischemia stimulates the release of the antiangiogenic factor sFlt-1 into the maternal circulation eliciting vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that placental ischemia (reduced uterine perfusion pressure, RUPP)-induced hypertension and sFlt-1 levels are exaggerated in obese rats. MC4R-deficient obese rats (MC4R+/-) and wild-type Wistar Hannover controls (MC4R+/+) were maintained on NIH31 standard chow; mated at 17 weeks old; RUPP surgeries performed at gestational day (GD) 14; and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and pregnancy weights assessed at GD 19. This resulted in 4 groups: normal pregnant (NP) MC4R+/+ (N=10), RUPP MC4R+/+ (N=12), NP MC4R+/- (N=12) and RUPP MC4R+/- (N=11). Body weight was greater in NP MC4R+/- than NP MC4R+/+ (371±10 vs. 340±6, P<0.05), which was reduced by RUPP in both rat strains but MC4R+/- were still heavier (327±13 vs. 297±8, P<0.05). Total body fat mass by EchoMRI was greater in NP MC4R+/- than MC4R+/+ (72±6 vs. 45±4, P<0.05) whereas fat mass was not altered in RUPP MC4R+/+ (38±4g) but was reduced in RUPP MC4R+/- (56±5) (P<0.05). Fetal weights were similar between NP MC4R+/+ (1.93±0.04) and MC4R+/- (1.95±0.02), which was reduced to a greater extent in RUPP MC4R+/- than MC4R+/+ (1.62±0.03 vs. 1.74±0.03, P<0.05). MAP was slightly elevated in NP MC4R+/- over MC4R+/+ (107±2 vs. 101±1). RUPP significantly increased MAP in MC4R+/+ (117±2, P<0.05) but not MC4R+/- (113±3). Plasma leptin levels were greater in NP MC4R+/- over MC4R+/- (6.7±1.0 vs. 3.6±0.4, P<0.05) whereas RUPP had no effect on these levels in MC4R+/+ (3.8±0.7) or MC4R+/- (6.5±1.1). Plasma and placental levels of sFlt-1 were similar in all groups. Clinically, not all PE women have elevated sFlt-1 levels. Contrary to our hypothesis, MAP was not exaggerated by placental ischemia in obese rats having MC4R deficiency. In fact, MAP was not significantly increased following placental ischemia in MC4R-deficient rats indicating that intact MC4R signaling, which has been shown to promote the development of hypertension in several animal models by sympathetic mechanisms, mediates the development of PE independent of sFlt-1.
Distributed maximum power point tracking using model predictive control for solar photovoltaic applications

Mismatching and Partial Shading in Photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting systems are the main causes for performance degradation and efficiency drop. Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) is one of the promising candidate solutions to address these issues. In DMPPT scheme, each PV module is interfaced to the energy system through a separate dc/dc converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) capability. This paper presents application of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique to a DMPPT system for maximizing the energy harvest performance under dynamic weather conditions. The continuous shift of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) due to dynamic weather conditions demands for a fast and adaptive control approach to guarantee the overall efficiency and stability of the DMPPT based PV system. This paper applies the MPC framework to a DMPPT system to regulate the duty ratio of the individual dc/dc converters to force the external impedance to approach the internal impedance by defining a cost function subject to minimization. The provided simulation and experimental results confirm the energy capture increase, fast dynamic response, and negligible oscillations around MPP using the proposed method.
Mutational burden on circulating cell-free tumor-DNA testing as a surrogate marker of mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability in patients with colorectal cancers.

Circulating cell-free tumor-DNA (cfDNA) testing (‘liquid biopsy’) is increasingly being employed both in clinical trials as well as clinical practice. With respect to colon cancer, the trends in cfDNA are associated with the responses observed (1). Furthermore, it is not only helpful in identifying inherent mutations conferring resistance to targeted therapies e.g., RAS/RAF mutations, it is also useful in identifying acquired mechanisms of resistance e.g., MET -amplifications as a mechanism of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (2,3).
The largest SWI/SNF polyglutamine domain is a pH sensor

Polyglutamines are known to form aggregates in pathogenic contexts, such as Huntington disease. However, little is known about their normal biological role. We found that the polyglutamine domain of the Snf5 subunit of yeast SWI/SNF complex is required for efficient induction of glucose-repressed genes. Both transient cytosolic acidification and histidines within the polyglutamine domain were required for efficient transcriptional reprogramming. We hypothesized that a pH-dependent oligomerization could be important for ADH2 expression. In support of this idea, we found that a synthetic spidroin domain from spider silk, which is soluble at pH 7 but oligomerizes at pH ~6.3, could partially complement the function of the SNF5 polyglutamine domain. These results suggest that the SNF5 polyglutamine domain is a pH-responsive transcriptional regulator, and provide further evidence of an important biological role for polyglutamine domains beyond the disease context.
Cenozoic Marine Ostracoda of the South Atlantic

Abstract Tertiary Ostracoda of the Atlantic Ocean south of the Tropic of Cancer are known from widely scattered clusters of localities on the continent and from a number of deep-sea cores. The latter have only been studied in detail for part of their fauna. Paleocene ostracodes have been studied in four areas: Central America (Guatemala and British Honduras), northern South America (Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana) Argentina and West Africa. The distribution of some genera (e.g. Buntonia, Soudanella, Togoina ) indicates similarities between faunas from widely different areas and suggests that during or shortly prior to the early Tertiary some shallow-water ostracodes made their way across the Atlantic either through shallow passages or attached to seaweed drifting with prevailing currents. Eocene ostracodes are known from West Africa and Trinidad, but from very different environments, which makes comparison hazardous. Oligocene ostracodes have only been reported from the Caribbean and from some deep-sea cores. Miocene ones have been described from West Africa (Gabon), the Caribbean, northern South America and Argentina (including southern Brazil). Here the presence of morphologically similar groups ( Soudanella ) in West Africa and southern South America and the report of the Munseyella? punctata group from southern Brazil and northern South America suggest connections or parallel faunal developments which will have to be investigated in more detail. The West African fauna bears a strong similarity to the Mediterranean one. For the Pliocene-Holocene, ostracodes are known from the same areas as in the Miocene and the distribution of the austral form Patagonocythere as well as the possible provinciality of such forms as Cyprideis, Perissocytheridea, Sulcostocythere and the distribution of Callistocythere and Neomonoceratina appear to be of great potential interest.
Thioridazine withdrawal-induced behavioral deterioration treated with clonidine: two case reports.

Neuroleptic withdrawal reactions have significant clinical and medicolegal implications for individuals with developmental disabilities. Behavioral deterioration following neuroleptic taper can represent (a) relapse of a mental illness, (b) an anticholinergic rebound reaction, (c) tardive akathisia, and (d) possibly a supersensitivity psychosis. Such reactions may preclude the discontinuation of neuroleptic drug therapy, even in the absence of a drug-responsive psychiatric illness. In this report, the case histories of two individuals who experienced a thioridazine (Mellaril®) withdrawal-induced behavioral deterioration were presented. Both reactions were characterized by anxiety and insomnia, and the patients' symptoms were relieved by uncontrolled treatment with clonidine (Catapres®) therapy. Evidence for adrenergic hyperactivity as a mediating event was presented.
Clinical Reasoning in the Primary Care Setting: Two Scenario-Based Simulations for Residents and Attendings.

Introduction We describe the development and implementation of tools medical educators or researchers can use for developing or analyzing residents' through attending physicians' clinical reasoning...
Does Inference to the Best Explanation Work

The use of the best available explanation standard as an avenue to the truth of things is very problematic. At best we can have is directing the best possible systematization.
A Novel Congestion Avoidance Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles Assessed by Queue Modeling

Autonomous vehicle (AV) fleet management is one of the major aspects of AV development that needs to be standardized before AV deployment. There has been no consensus on whether AV deployment in general will be beneficial or detrimental in terms of road congestion. There are similarities between packet transmission in computer networks and AV transportation in road networks. In this work, the authors argue that congestion avoidance algorithms used in computer networks can be applied for AV fleet management. Authors modify and evaluate a novel adaptation of additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AMID) congestion avoidance algorithm. The authors propose assigning different priorities to transportation tasks in order to facilitate sharing the limited resources in such as usage of the road network. This will be modeled and assessed using a queueing model based on AVs arrival distribution. This will result in a load balancing paradigm that can be used to share and manage limited resources. Then, by using numerical study authors merge congestion avoidance and load balancing to analyze the authors' scheme in term of road network throughput (number of cars in network for a given time) for AV fleet management. Their evaluation demonstrates the improvement in terms of road network throughput.
Simulating Nonlinear Dynamics of Collective Spins via Quantum Measurement and Feedback

We study a method to simulate quantum many-body dynamics of spin ensembles using measurement-based feedback. By performing a weak collective measurement on a large ensemble of two-level quantum systems and applying global rotations conditioned on the measurement outcome, one can simulate the dynamics of a mean-field quantum kicked top, a standard paradigm of quantum chaos. We analytically show that there exists a regime in which individual quantum trajectories adequately recover the classical limit, and show the transition between noisy quantum dynamics to full deterministic chaos described by classical Lyapunov exponents. We also analyze the effects of decoherence, and show that the proposed scheme represents a robust method to explore the emergence of chaos from complex quantum dynamics in a realistic experimental platform based on an atom-light interface.
International Requirements for Payload Multi-Platform Reuse Methodology

In this paper, we discuss the need for international requirements to assure the EMC of Payload (Instruments/Experiments) use on multi-agency, multi-national collaborations and multi-platform re-use. We examine possible environment exposures through mission life-cycle stages and the impact to EMC requirements and environment limits based on the processing path. We comment on existing Agency/National space standards, the level of harmonization between them, and possible integration to provide a common International Space Standard that would provide reasonable product assurance for EMC. We look at ISO 14302, and suggest revision/creation of a top-tier management document that facilitates the necessary EMI control methodology for multi-Agency, multi-national and multi-platform programs; integrated use of the individual agency/national space standards and international consensus on mandatory minimum environment levels.
Characterization of Online Resources for Global Health Self-education at Home

Background: Interest in global health (GH) among residents has had an unprecedented surge of attention and growth. Long-term international electives are currently regarded as gold standard for residents to gain exposure to GH, enhance their medical knowledge, increase their exposure to multicultural populations, and consider cost-effect care in low-resource settings. However, for reasons including few funding options, in-house call requirements, and lack of formal GH tracks or faculty, few residents are able to travel abroad …
Validation of methylene blue viability staining with the emerging pathogen Candida auris.

Abstract Methylene blue viability staining has been traditionally used to assess viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in brewing and wine making. Here, this method was tested and validated with the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris to determine if this species would also deferentially stain, which could provide utility in assessing microbial control and disinfectant efficacy.
Timing and location of palliative care consultation in metastatic pancreatic cancer: A retrospective, single-center observational study.

770Background: Patients (pts) receiving treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) experience significant symptoms, treatment related side effects and psychosocial burdens. The ASCO guideline...
CHAPTER 17 – Lipoprotein structure

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the composition and structure of human lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are soluble complexes of proteins and lipids that transport lipids in the circulation of all vertebrates and even insects. Lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver and the intestines, arise from metabolic changes of precursor lipoproteins, or are assembled at the cell membranes from cellular lipids and exogenous lipoproteins or apolipoproteins. In the circulation, lipoproteins are highly dynamic. They undergo enzymatic reactions of their lipid components, facilitated and spontaneous lipid transfers, transfers of soluble apolipoproteins, and conformational changes of the apolipoproteins in response to the compositional changes. Finally, lipoproteins are taken up and catabolized in the liver, kidney, and peripheral tissues via receptor-mediated endocytosis and other mechanisms. Although the assembly, structure, metabolism, and receptor interactions of lipoproteins are determined by their apolipoprotein components, the most common classifications of lipoproteins are based on their hydrated density or mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis. The classification into chylomicron (CM), very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins is based on their relative contents of protein and lipid that determine the densities of these lipoprotein classes. CM has only 1–2% protein whereas HDL has about 50% protein by weight.
Chapter 9 – The Liver

Publisher Summary The liver has two blood supplies, the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic artery provides oxygen and nutrition, while the portal vein delivers substances absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract for metabolic conversion and/or removal. The gross appearance of the liver is similar in all species, although the lobes vary in shape and size. Histologically, the liver has a lobular architecture that is similar in all species. While hepatocytes are the major cell type in the liver, all of the cell types are important for normal hepatic function and participate in toxicologic responses. Toxic responses in the liver may manifest in relatively short periods of time; for example, hepatocyte necrosis can occur within 24 hours of exposure. In contrast, the induction of cirrhosis and neoplasia require a relatively long period of toxin exposure. The type of response is a key indication of the action of the toxin.
Health insurance and poverty of the older population in the United States: The importance of a health inclusive poverty measure

Abstract For decades, the US poverty rate has been lower among those 65 and older than among those under 65, due to more generous public transfers to the older population (Preston, 1984; Moffitt, 2015). Yet this comparison understates true poverty differences because it does not capture the greater eligibility for health insurance benefits among those 65 and older. We use a Health Inclusive Poverty Measure (HIPM; Korenman and Remler, 2016), which incorporates health needs and benefits, to estimate poverty rates and impacts of health insurance and other benefits on poverty. For those 65+, the HIPM poverty rate was nearly 2 percentage points lower than Census’ Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate, while for younger persons, the HIPM rate was 1.6 percentage points higher, due to their greater unmet health insurance needs. Among those 65+, Medicare and Social Security account for reductions in HIPM poverty of 15 to 25 percentage points and 35 to 40 percentage points, respectively. The average HIPM poverty gap after all transfers was 4% of the HIPM threshold among persons 65+ vs. 13% among those under 65. Compared to the SPM, the HIPM appears to classify a needier population as poor. Adopting a HIPM could provide more complete description of disadvantage across the age distribution and more accurate guidance for social policy (NAS 2019).
Characterization of Dislocations in 6H-SiC Wafer Through X-Ray Topography and Ray-Tracing Simulations

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor material for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to the unique combination of its superior electronic and physical properties. In order to continuously improve the crystal quality and improve device performance, obtaining a clear understanding of the defect types and their distribution and potential influence on device operation is of great importance. In this study, 6H-SiC crystals grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) have been characterized by synchrotron monochromatic beam x-ray topography (SMBXT). By recording six different $$11{\bar{2}},12$$ grazing incidence reflections and analyzing the contrast patterns of threading screw dislocations (TSDs), threading edge dislocations (TEDs), threading mixed dislocations (TMDs), and basal plane dislocations (BPDs) observed in conjunction with ray-tracing simulation, the Burgers vectors of these dislocations have been determined. This successfully demonstrated a direct Burgers vector determination approach for each type of dislocation. Understanding these dislocation types and their distributions in 6H-SiC wafers can provide crucial feedback for pursuing crystal quality enhancement during growth process. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) has been performed on the wafer to carry out the rocking curve analysis of areas with different degrees of lattice distortion.
Relative Turán numbers for hypergraph cycles

Abstract For an r-uniform hypergraph H and a family of r-uniform hypergraphs F , the relative Turan number ex ( H , F ) is the maximum number of edges in an F -free subgraph of H. In this paper we give lower bounds on ex ( H , F ) for certain families of hypergraph cycles F such as Berge cycles and loose cycles. In particular, if C l 3 denotes the set of all 3-uniform Berge l-cycles and H is a 3-uniform hypergraph with maximum degree Δ, we prove ex ( H , C 4 3 ) ≥ Δ − 3 / 4 − o ( 1 ) e ( H ) , ex ( H , C 5 3 ) ≥ Δ − 3 / 4 − o ( 1 ) e ( H ) , and these bounds are tight up to the o ( 1 ) term.
Behavioral, neurocognitive, polysomnographic and cardiometabolic profiles associated with obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents with ADHD

Background A high comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as well as similar impairments across neurobehavioral outcomes has been described in children. However, there is a paucity of research examining the comorbidity of these two disorders in adolescents. This study examined the association of OSA with sleep, neurobehavioral, and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescents with ADHD from the general population. Methods 421 adolescents (16.9 ± 2.3 years, 53.9% male) underwent 9-hr polysomnography, neurobehavioral, and physical evaluation. ADHD was ascertained by a parent-or-self-report of a lifetime diagnosis/treatment of ADHD. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index of ≥2 events/hour. Groups of controls (n = 208), OSA-alone (n = 115), ADHD-alone (n = 54), and ADHD+OSA (n = 44) were studied. Multivariable-adjusted general linear models tested group differences in PSG parameters, neurobehavioral, and cardiometabolic outcomes after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and/or body mass index percentile. Results The ADHD+OSA group had significantly longer sleep onset latency, shorter total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and higher percent of stage 1 sleep, as compared with all other groups, however, these differences were diminished by excluding adolescents on psychoactive medication. The ADHD-alone group showed significantly higher periodic limb movements than controls. The ADHD+OSA and ADHD-alone groups did not significantly differ on any measure of neurocognitive or behavioral functioning. The ADHD+OSA and OSA-alone groups showed significantly worse cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers when compared to controls or the ADHD-alone, but did not significantly differ between each other. Conclusions Adolescents with a diagnosis ADHD+OSA showed phenotypic risk factors for OSA (i.e., overweight/obesity, visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation) but not worse neurobehavioral outcomes when compared with ADHD-alone. While comorbidity is possible, these data support that adolescents with a suspicion of ADHD should be screened for OSA, before a diagnosis is reached and psychoactive medication initiated.
Raízes Da Resistência Humana Aos Direitos Dos Animais: Bloqueios Psicológicos E Conceituais (Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights: Psychological and Conceptual Blocks)

Portuguese Abstract: A lei animal tem focado a atencao em questoes tao interconectadas como o status de propriedade de animais nao humanos, personalidade juridica e permanente. Esses assuntos sao inegavelmente preocupacoes centrais que dominam as discussoes sobre os direitos dos animais, mas nao se relacionam com os fatores mais fundamentais que sao responsaveis tanto pela resistencia humana aos direitos dos animais quanto pela exploracao bem enraizada, cruel e auto-justificada de nossa especie e destruicao de animais nao-humanos. Neste comentario, o autor analisa a recente advocacia dos direitos dos animais e oferece o primeiro estudo de blocos psicologicos e conceituais humanos que impedem os esforcos em prol da legislacao e legislacao animal. Pagar uma atencao ha muito atrasada a esses obstaculos fornece um quadro realista para avaliar a eficacia das tentativas de iniciar mudancas significativas. English Abstract: Animal law has focused attention on such interconnected issues as the property status of nonhuman animals, juristic personhood, and standing. These subjects are undeniably central concerns that dominate discussions of animal rights, but they do not relate to the most fundamental factors that are responsible both for human resistance to animal rights and for our species' well-entrenched, cruel, and self-righteous exploitation and destruction of nonhuman animals. In this comment, the author reviews recent advocacy of animal rights and offers the first study of human psychological and conceptual blocks that stand in the way of efforts on behalf of animal law and legislation. Paying long overdue attention to these obstacles provides a realistic framework for evaluating the effectiveness of attempts to initiate meaningful change.
Use of the HELP System by Radiology

The radiology module of the HELP system manages much of the workload in LDS Hospital’s Radiology Department. Ordering of examinations, billing, film tracking, results reporting, and a large-scale mammography screening project are all managed by the computer.