cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Reported Incidents of Child Neglect and Physical Abuse.

Introduction The U.S. Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion, which allowed states to expand Medicaid coverage to low-income adults beginning in 2014, has reduced the risk factors for child neglect and physical abuse, including parental financial insecurity, substance use, and untreated mental illness. This study examines the associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of overall, first-time, and repeat reports of child neglect and physical abuse incidents per 100,000 children aged 0–5, 6–12, and 13–17 years. Methods The 2008–2018 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System was analyzed using an extension of the difference-in-differences approach that accounts for staggered policy implementation across time. Owing to evidence of nonparallel preperiod trends in the 6 states that expanded Medicaid from 2015 to 2017, the main analyses included 20 states that newly expanded Medicaid in 2014 and 18 states that did not expand Medicaid from 2008 to 2018. Analyses were conducted in 2020–2021. Results Medicaid expansion states were associated with reductions of 13.4% (95% CI= −24.2, −9.6), 14.8% (95% CI= −26.4, −1.4), and 16.0% (−27.6, −2.6) in the average rate of child neglect reports per 100,000 children aged 0–5, 6–12, and 13–17 years, per state-year, relative to control states. Expansion was associated with a 17.3% (95% CI= −28.9, −3.8) reduction in the rate of first-time neglect reports among children aged 0–5 years and with 16.6% (95% CI= −29.3, −1.6) and 18.7% (95% CI= −32.5, −2.1) reductions in the rates of repeat neglect reports among children aged 6–12 and 13–17 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of physical abuse among children in any age group. Conclusions Insurance expansions for low-income adults may reduce child neglect.
Ein Ansatz zur Bewertung von Remanufacturingstrategien

Die Verscharfung der europaischen Umweltgesetzgebung wie sie sich etwa in der Richtlinie des europaischen Parlaments uber Elektro-und Elektronikaltgerate zeigt - und hierbei insbesondere die Erweiterung der Produktverantwortung auf den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus - stellt fur Hersteller neue Herausforderungendar. Dabei kommt dem Schliesen der Kreislaufe sowohl auf der Material- (Recycling) als auch auf der Komponentenebene (Remanufacturing) eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. In diesem Kontext ist eine Weiterentwicklung der Instrumente des Supply Chain Management im Hinblick auf die Integration von Ruckflussen erforderlich.
Hormonal Regulation of the Expression of the Genes for Malic Enzyme and Fatty Acid Synthase

In many cell types, the primary function of the pathway for de novo fatty acid synthesis is to provide long-chain fatty acids for membrane lipids. In the liver, however, the maximum rates of de novo fatty acid synthesis can be several orders of magnitude higher than that required for membrane biosynthesis. The primary function of hepatic lipogenesis is to convert excess dietary carbohydrate or protein to fatty acids, which are stored as triglyceride in adipose tissue and used as a source of energy during periods of restricted food intake. Regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis is consonant with this function. Thus, synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in the liver is inhibited by starvation, whereas refeeding starved animals stimulates fatty acid synthesis to normal levels or to supranormal levels if the diet is high in carbohydrate.(1,2)
The Role of Language Background in Cognitive Processing

Abstract The language background of experimental subjects is important and should be systematically evaluated because (a) the number of bilinguals in college subject pools and in the general population is increasing, and (b) the subjects' background affects their cognitive processing and interacts with other experimental variables. We provide a taxonomy for grouping people on the basis of language background, discuss how language background can affect cognitive processing, and evaluate experimental design concerns. We illustrate these points with examples from our own research (a) on age of English acquisition effects in memory tasks, and (b) on language-specific effects on sentence processing in Chinese-English and Spanish-English bilinguals.
Using Wave-Current Observation to Predict Bottom Sediment Processes on Muddy Beaches

Abstract : The proposed work investigates quantitatively the interaction between wave, currents and seabed sediments in shallow water over a bed characterized by heterogeneous, mud-dominated sediments. The long-term goal of is to develop an approach to characterize accurately the state of a muddy sea bed, based on minimal prior information about bed sediment, and remote observations of surface waves and currents.
Hydro-Gravitational Dynamics of Planets and Dark Energy

Self gravitational fluid mechanical methods termed hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) predict plasma fragmentation 0.03 Myr after the turbulent big bang to form protosuperclustervoids, turbulent protosuperclusters, and protogalaxies at the 0.3 Myr transition from plasma to gas. Linear protogalaxyclusters fragment at 0.003 Mpc viscous-inertial scales along turbulent vortex lines or in spirals, as observed. The plasma protogalaxies fragment on transition into white-hot planet-mass gas clouds (PFPs) in million-solar-mass clumps (PGCs) that become globular-star-clusters (GCs) from tidal forces or dark matter (PGCs) by freezing and diffusion into 0.3 Mpc halos with 97% of the galaxy mass. The weakly collisional non-baryonic dark matter diffuses to > Mpc scales and fragments to form galaxy cluster halos. Stars and larger planets form by binary mergers of the trillion PFPs per PGC, mostly on 0.03 Mpc galaxy accretion disks. Stars deaths depend on rates of planet accretion and internal star mixing. Moderate accretion rates pro-duce white dwarfs that evaporate surrounding gas planets by spin-radiation to form planetary nebulae before Supernova Ia events, dimming some events to give systematic distance errors, the dark energy hypothesis, and overestimates of the universe age.
Outlook and Management of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Failed by Hypomethylating Agents.

The DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) azacitidine and decitabine are currently the most frequently administered disease-modifying therapies for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, azacitidine and decitabine are not curative, the median response duration is 11–15 months, and only 10–20 % of patients experience complete hematologic and cytogenetic response. Moreover, once an HMA fails the patient, the prognosis is poor, with a median survival of less than 6 months unless the patient undergoes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent insights into the genetic basis of MDS have enhanced biological understanding and prognostication accuracy, but these developments have not yet led to regulatory approval of new therapies. While there are multiple potential approaches to patients with MDS for whom HMAs have failed, including supportive care alone, cytotoxic therapy, lenalidomide, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and HSCT, favorable responses to these approaches are limited and new therapies are greatly needed. Here, we review clinical and biological data about the population of patients failed by HMAs, evaluate currently available approaches to patients in this clinical situation, and discuss prospects for development of novel active agents.
Analysis of ALK gene in 133 patients with breast cancer revealed polysomy of chromosome 2 and no ALK amplification

ALK has emerged as a novel tumorigenic factor in several epithelial human cancers. Crizotinib, an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently approved to treat lung cancer patients exhibiting ALK gene rearrangements. Our goal was to determine the incidence of ALK aberrations in relation to different breast cancer types. Tissue micro-arrays were constructed of ER+/PR±/HER2− (n = 37), ER−/PR−/HER2+ (n = 15), ER−/PR−/HER2− (n = 61) and ER+/PR+/HER2+ (n = 20) breast cancers; including 13 inflammatory breast carcinomas. FISH was performed using ALK break-apart and chromosome 2 centromere enumeration probes (CEP2). Neither ALK rearrangements nor amplification were identified in the 133 breast cancer cases evaluated. However, copy number gains (CNG) of ALK were identified in 82 of 133 patients (62 %). The CEP2 analysis revealed polysomy of chromosome 2 in all HCNG and LCNG cases, indicating the CNG of ALK are due to polysomy of chromosome 2, rather than true amplification of ALK. To conclude, we observed CNG of ALK secondary to chromosome 2 polysomy in a significant percentage of breast cancer cases, a phenomenon similar to polysomy 17. This study is one of the largest studies to have investigated ALK aberrations in breast cancer and the only study to include all subtypes.
Why Innovate? Founding the Bank for International Settlements

One of the concerns of international political economy in the past several years has been to theorize about the conditions conducive to the development of international cooperation and institutionalization. This article explores the usefulness of economic theories of dynamic contracting, which are essentially functionalist in nature, to understand international financial innovation in the 1920s. It interprets the founding of the Bank for International Settlements as an important effort to overcome the problems of contract enforcement and information asymmetries in international lending that had contributed to capital market inefficiencies as the 1920s drew to a close. Dynamic contracting theories suggest reasons why borrowers and lenders have a strong interest in developing cooperative international institutions that help establish a borrower's credibility. This approach is supplemented with a multilateral bargaining model between debtor, private lenders, and creditor governments to explain international financial innovation during the interwar years. The evidence suggests that the BIS was created primarily to enhance Germany's incentives to repay its debts and that it was part of a deal between private creditors and creditor governments to reduce and commercialize German reparations. By looking not only at interstate bargaining but also at public'private bargaining, it is possible to understand the paradox of cooperative international institutional development in a period otherwise marked by conflict.
From Signtometrics to Scientometrics: A Cautionary Tale of Our Times

It is but a short journey from citation indexing to citation analysis and thence to evaluative bibliometrics. This paper outlines the path and describes how the time-honored practice of affixing bibliographic references to scholarly articles has paved the way for a culture of accounting to establish itself in contemporary academia.
Kievitone: the principal antifungal component of “substance II” isolated from Rhizoctonia-infected bean tissues

Abstract Kievitone, an isoflavanone, occurs in hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. infected with Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. This phytoalexin is also induced in bean pods in response to a 3·0 m m solution of CuCl2. Approximately 50 μg kievitone is present per gram fresh weight of diseased hypocotyl. The ED50 for inhibition of radial mycelial growth of R. solani is 60 μg/ml in PDA. Kievitone represents the principal antifungal component of “substance II”.
Optimization of rapid silencing RNA transfection of human vein bypass grafts

ischemic to a similar degree as young animals, but old animals have significantly impaired angiogenesis and functional recovery compared to younger animals. Mitochondrial dysfunction was similar among young and old animals.These results suggest that similar degrees of ischemia are tolerated more poorly in old animals, possibly due to impaired angiogenesis, but independent of ischemic mitochondropathy.
The use of polymerase chain reaction and shortwave UV irradiation to detect baculovirus DNA on the surface of gypsy moth eggs

Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was employed to detect baculovirus DNA sequences from viral occlusion bodies (OB) contaminating the surface of gypsy moth eggs. The level of sensitivity of the technique was as low as 5 viral genome copies and DNA from 1 OB equivalent. Thirty minutes of shortwave UV irradiation of eggs contaminated with 8.4 × 10 4 OBs prevented amplification of viral DNA sequences from OBs on the egg surface. These methods are important for providing a better understanding of gypsy moth virus epizootiology as well as for the examination of insect eggs for the persistence of baculovirus gene sequences inside the egg or on the egg surface. In addition, these methods can be easily modified for monitoring the persistence of genetically engineered baculoviruses in insect populations as well as the fate of genes that these viruses might carry.
Systematic discovery of regulated and conserved alternative exons in the mammalian brain reveals NMD modulating chromatin regulators

Alternative splicing (AS) dramatically expands the complexity of the mammalian brain transcriptome, but its atlas remains incomplete. Here we performed deep mRNA sequencing of mouse cortex to discover and characterize alternative exons with potential functional significance. Our analysis expands the list of AS events over 10-fold compared with previous annotations, demonstrating that 72% of multiexon genes express multiple splice variants in this single tissue. To evaluate functionality of the newly discovered AS events, we conducted comprehensive analyses on central nervous system (CNS) cell type-specific splicing, targets of tissue- or cell type-specific RNA binding proteins (RBPs), evolutionary selection pressure, and coupling of AS with nonsense-mediated decay (AS-NMD). We show that newly discovered events account for 23–42% of all cassette exons under tissue- or cell type-specific regulation. Furthermore, over 7,000 cassette exons are under evolutionary selection for regulated AS in mammals, 70% of which are new. Among these are 3,058 highly conserved cassette exons, including 1,014 NMD exons that may function directly to control gene expression levels. These NMD exons are particularly enriched in RBPs including splicing factors and interestingly also regulators for other steps of RNA metabolism. Unexpectedly, a second group of NMD exons reside in genes encoding chromatin regulators. Although the conservation of NMD exons in RBPs frequently extends into lower vertebrates, NMD exons in chromatin regulators are introduced later into the mammalian lineage, implying the emergence of a novel mechanism coupling AS and epigenetics. Our results highlight previously uncharacterized complexity and evolution in the mammalian brain transcriptome.
Association of human leucocyte antigen sharing with recurrent spontaneous abortions

An estimated 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies abort spontaneously. Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages conceived with the same partner in the absence of uterine, genetic or autoimmune abnormalities. Evidence points to human leucocyte antigens (HLA) as playing a role in the successful development of the foetus. In particular, HLA compatibility is more prevalent in couples experiencing reproductive failure, especially RSA couples, compared to fertile couples. According to the immunological hypothesis, an adequate immune response is necessary for proper implantation of the embryo; conversely, a depressed response of maternal lymphocytes to the stimulation by paternal antigens because of HLA sharing can result in disorders, such as RSA. The genetic hypothesis implicates homozygosity for recessive lethal alleles in linkage disequilibrium with specific HLA haplotypes. The specificity of HLA alleles or haplotypes responsible for or linked to other RSA susceptibility genes remains unclear. In this study, we identified 40 observational studies (32 case-control, five cohort, one cross-sectional, one case series and one basic science) that examined the associations between HLA and RSA, focusing on HLA allele couple and maternal-foetal sharing, and the special role of HLA-G. We sought to identify consistent findings among studies examining similar questions. Evidence remains divided concerning the role of HLA allele couple sharing. Of major concern is the focus of many studies on couple sharing as a proxy measure of maternal-foetal sharing. Therefore, adequately powered studies are needed, which employ standard case definitions and reproducible methodologies to directly assess the role of maternal-foetal HLA sharing on the risk of RSA.
Use of molecular orbital potential energy surfaces in determining polymer conformations. II. Aramids

Abstract Quantum mechanical results on judiciously selected monomeric models indicate that the N-Φ dihedral angle in aramids is caused by intramolecular interactions, while the C-Φ dihedral angle is caused by intermolecular interactions. Ab initio results fail to uncover a theoretical basis for a negative thermal expansion coefficient in Kevlar. Rather, what has been called a negative thermal expansion coefficient may be the thermally stimulated shrinkage of this highly oriented fiber. Hydrogen bonding has been shown to affect the N-Φ dihedral angle. The angle is increased by withdrawing electrons and is decreased by donating electrons. The effects of hydrogen bonding and chain rigidity on the tensile properties of aramids are explored.
Perceived impact of oral health conditions among minority adolescents.

Objectives This study assessed the perceived impact of oral health conditions, and the relationship of two measures of self-reported outcome, the RAND SF-36 and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), to clinical indicators of oral health among inner-city adolescents. Methods A convenience sample of 93 minority adolescents completed the RAND SF-36 and the OHIP and 76 of them completed a clinical dental examination assessing DMFS. Results Participants averaged 14.4 (SD = 1.2) years old; 52 percent were female; and 86 percent were African-American. The mean DMFS was 8.8 (SD = 6.3). Participants reported relatively poor general health on the SF-36 as well as poor oral health on the OHIP. None of the SF-36 subscales were significantly related to DMFS. OHIP subscales were consistently related to DMFS--those with worse oral health reported more impacts. With the exception of the bodily pain subscale of the SF-36, the SF-36 and OHIP subscales were significantly correlated with Pearson's correlations ranging from -.21 to -.57 (P Conclusions Although the SF-36 and the OHIP were correlated, the OHIP appears to be more highly associated with the impacts of oral health conditions than the SF-36 among inner-city adolescents who reported low general and oral health quality of life.
Control of holdup and solute concentration in an Oldshue-Rushton extraction column

Abstract An experimental application of multiloop control of an extraction column of the Oldshue-Rushton type is reported in this article. The employment of an ultrasonic technique for the control of the dispersed-phased volume fraction (holdup) of an equilibrated system in the same extraction column has been described in an earlier work. This work is extended here to include control of holdup during mass transfer and simultaneous control of the solute concentration at the exit of the extractor. The control objective is to control the outlet concentration and to maintain a high value of the holdup under safe operation in reference to flooding. Transfer function models are identified from step tests about a nominal operating point. The outlet concentration is controlled by manipulating the continuous-phase flow-rate, and the holdup is controlled by manipulating the agitation speed. The Dahlin controller is used in both loops and is proved to work satisfactorily for both servo and regulatory control even when the process is not represented well by the transfer functions. The process monitoring and control demonstrated in this article can be applied to any new or existing extraction column equipment for safe and optimum operation.
Portrait of Candida albicans Adherence Regulators

Cell-substrate adherence is a fundamental property of microorganisms that enables them to exist in biofilms. Our study focuses on adherence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to one substrate, silicone, that is relevant to device-associated infection. We conducted a mutant screen with a quantitative flow-cell assay to identify thirty transcription factors that are required for adherence. We then combined nanoString gene expression profiling with functional analysis to elucidate relationships among these transcription factors, with two major goals: to extend our understanding of transcription factors previously known to govern adherence or biofilm formation, and to gain insight into the many transcription factors we identified that were relatively uncharacterized, particularly in the context of adherence or cell surface biogenesis. With regard to the first goal, we have discovered a role for biofilm regulator Bcr1 in adherence, and found that biofilm regulator Ace2 is a major functional target of chromatin remodeling factor Snf5. In addition, Bcr1 and Ace2 share several target genes, pointing to a new connection between them. With regard to the second goal, our findings reveal existence of a large regulatory network that connects eleven adherence regulators, the zinc-response regulator Zap1, and approximately one quarter of the predicted cell surface protein genes in this organism. This limited yet sensitive glimpse of mutant gene expression changes had thus defined one of the broadest cell surface regulatory networks in C. albicans.
949-101 Circadian Variation of Ventricular Arrhythmias is Abolished by Propranolol

A prospective study investigated whether there is a circadian variation of ventricular arrhythmias in elderly patients (pts) with heart disease before and after propranolol and no antiarrhythmic (AA) drug. Follow-up 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were obtained at a median of 6 months (range 2 to 12) in 221 elderly pts. mean age 81 ± 8 years. with heart disease (64% with prior myocardial infarction and 36% with hypertensive heart disease) and complex ventricular arrhythmias randomized to propranolol 85 ± 28 mg daily (112 pts) or to no AA drug (109 pts). The average number of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)/hourwas reduced g70% in 80 of 112 pts (71%) treated with propranolol and in 27 of 109 pts (25%) treated with no AA drug (p l 0.001). Double harmonic regression models showed a significant circadian variation of the maximal number of PVCs before no AA drug (p = 0.002, R 2 = 57%, adjusted R 2 = 49%). after no AA drug (p l 0.0001. R 2 = 76%. adjusted R 2 = 71%). and before propranolol (p = 0.002, R 2 = 57%, adjusted R 2 = 48%). but not after propranolol (p = 0.073. R 2 = 35%, adjusted R 2 = 21%). The primary peak incidence of PVCs in pts before and after no AA drug and before propranolol occurred between 7 a.m. and 12 p.m. The secondary peak incidence of PVCs in pts before and after no AA drug occurred between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. The secondary peak incidence of PVCs in pts before propranolol occurred between 7 p.m. and 8 p.m. These data show that there is a circadian variation of the maximal number of PVCs in elderly pts with heart disease which is abolished by propranolol.
Nuclear Charge Distribution in the Fission of Uranium and Thorium with 13.6-Mev Deuterons

Measurements have been made of independent fission yields and valley-to-peak ratios in 13.6-Mev deuteron fission and fast-neutron fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ and ${\mathrm{Th}}^{232}$. From these measurements the conclusion is drawn that deuteron capture precedes a large fraction of the deuteron-induced fission events. The primary distribution of yields along a mass chain can be adequately explained by the postulate of equal charge displacement with the same distribution curve found applicable in low-energy neutron fission, best results requiring a slightly greater tendency for neutron emission in the heavy fragments.
Measuring the Food Environment and its Effects on Obesity in the United States: A Systematic Review of Methods and Results

We identified fifty-one peer-reviewed studies that geospatially analyzed the relationship between the community nutrition environment (CNE) and obesity. Eighty percent of studies found at least one significant association between the CNE and obesity. However we calculated the proportion of studies that found at least one significant association between the CNE and obesity in the expected direction for each food store type and measurement technique, and the proportion across the different store types and measurement techniques was just 32%. Different methods for classifying, locating, and analyzing food stores produced mixed results and challenged direct study level comparison.
Fundamental Advances in Transparent Conducting Oxides

Increasingly large-volume markets for large-area, flat-panel displays and photovoltaic panels are likely to be established in the early years of the next century and transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) of improved opto-electronic properties will be required to enable some of these applications to be realized. Our work is focusing on improving both the fabrication-limited properties of the materials (extrinsic), and materials-limited properties (intrinsic). The emphasis on achieving improved electrical and optical properties hinges on achieving higher electron mobility via intrinsic and/or extrinsic properties. To this end, we have investigated the properties of several TCOs including cadmium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium stannate and zinc stannate. These may be deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or sputtering and we hope to establish the capability to fabricate compounds and alloys in the cadmium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide ternary phase diagram. The properties of the materials have been investigated using a wide variety of techniques including high-resolution electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction, as well as Mossbauer, Raman and UV/visible/NIR spectroscopies. We have measured the transport properties (conductivity, Hall, Seebeck and Nernst coefficients) and have obtained the effective mZLss, relaxation time, Fermi energy, and scattering parameter. This information has been obtained as a function of carrier concentration, which depends on the deposition and annealing procedures. We have found that the mobilities of free-electrons in the cadmiumbearing compounds are greatly superior to those in the other materials, because they have much longer electron relaxation times. In the case of cadmium oxide, there is also great benefit from a much lower effective mass. We are gaining a clearer understanding of the fundamental microscopic attributes needed for TCOs, which will be required in more-demanding, and rapidly emerging, applications.
Dissolution and passivation of vertical porous zinc electrodes in alkaline solution

Abstract The anodic dissolution and passivation of vertical porous zinc electrodes that were prepared by pressing zinc powder or amalgamated zinc powder into small disks were studied in 6 M KOH + 0.25 M ZnO by measuring potentiostatic current/potential curves at a rate of 1 mV/s and by taking photomicrographs of the electrodes at the beginning of the runs and after repeated cycling. Comparison of the current/potential curves of porous and smooth electrodes demonstrates that only a small fraction of the interior of the different porous electrodes participates in the electrochemical processes. The lower part (about 10%) of vertical electrodes of smooth zinc or pressed zinc powder are much less reactive than the rest of the electrodes. Repeated cycling leads to a finer porosity of electrodes made of zinc powder. Amalgamation (5%–10%) appears to reduce the latter two effects.
Centrifugal distortion effects in the hyperfine spectrum of KCl

The hyperfine spectrum of KCl has been examined at near-zero electric field and zero magnetic field using a molecular beam electric resonance spectrometer. Rotational as well as vibrational shifts have been observed in both nuclear quadrupole interactions. With eqQ = Q00 + Q10(v + 12) + Q20(v + 12)2 + Q01J(J + 1), we find (all in units of kHz) for K in 39K35Cl: Q00 = −5691.47 ± 0.04, Q10 = 51.32 ± 0.06, Q20 = −0.205 ± 0.020, Q01 = 0.014 ± 0.007, Q00(K37Cl) − Q00(K35Cl) = −0.03 ± 0.07; for Cl in 39K35Cl: Q00 = 137.0 ± 0.3, Q10 = −163.2 ± 0.5, Q20 = 1.57 ± 0.15, Q01 = 0.07 ± 0.03, [Q(35Cl)Q(37Cl)]Q00(K37Cl) − Q00(K35Cl) = −0.5 ± 0.6; and magnetic constants cK = 0.154 ± 0.007, cCl = 0.435 ± 0.010, c3 = 0.035 ± 0.012, and c4 = 0.009 ± 0.006. These have been used to provide a mapping of the field gradients at both nuclear sites to fourth order in ξ = (r − re)re. We find eQqK(ξ) = (−5692.5 ± 2.5) + (1.7 ± 0.8) × 104 ξ + (−2. ± 4.) × 104 ξ2 + (−8. ± 18.) × 105 ξ3 + (8. ± 15.) × 106 ξ4 and eQqCl(ξ) = (120. ± 22.) + (8. ± 4.) × 104 ξ + (−5.8 ± 2.0) × 105 ξ2 + (−1.1 ± 1.6) × 107 ξ3 + (1.1 ± 1.3) × 108 ξ4.
School Counseling Leadership Team: A Statewide Collaborative Model to Transform School Counseling.

The School Counseling Leadership Team (SCLT) is a model of a collaborative team formed to advocate for the transformed role of professional school counselors. The members of the SCLT included school district counseling supervisors, counselor educators, and leaders of statewide school counselor organizations. This article reviews the need for and evolution of the SCLT, its goals, accomplishments, and future plans. Suggestions and guidelines are offered for replicating the model.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein gene and phylogenetic relationships among the Paramyxoviridae

The nucleocapsid (N) protein genes from 24 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates representing various pathotypes with different geographical and chronological origins were cloned and sequenced. The N-terminal region of the N protein to residue 401 was highly conserved among isolates with several conservative substitutions occurring that correlated with phylogenetic relationships. Variability of the N protein was detected in the C-terminal portion similar to what has been reported for other members of the Paramyxovirinae. Amino acids previously identified as invariant or highly conserved in N proteins of other paramyxoviruses were also present in the NDV protein. Phylogenetic analysis of N gene coding sequences among NDV isolates again demonstrated the existence of two major groups. One clade contained viruses that included vaccine and virulent strains isolated in the USA prior to 1970 while a second clade included vaccine and virulent viruses isolated worldwide. Comparison of N protein amino acid sequences among members of the Paramyxoviridae resulted in NDV and avian paramyxovirus 6 separating as a cluster distinct from the Rubulavirus genus. This provides further support for avian paramyxoviruses being considered for their own genus among the Paramyxovirinae.
Prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas in patients in the 40- to 49-year age group undergoing screening colonoscopy because of a family history of adenoma/polyp in a first-degree relative

Background Per current guidelines, patients with a first-degree relative (FDR) with adenomas should get screened at age 40. Data on the prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas (AAs) in these patients are lacking. Objective To examine the prevalence of adenomas and AAs in 40- to 49-year-old individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy because of a family history (FH) of polyps and to compare these data with those of a control population of similar age. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center and Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients Study subjects included all 40- to 49-year-old asymptomatic individuals undergoing initial screening colonoscopy at our institution from January 1, 2006, to June 1, 2009, because of an FDR with polyps. The control population consisted of all 40- to 49-year-old individuals who underwent their first colonoscopy during the same period because of abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation without an FH of polyps or colorectal cancer. Intervention Colonoscopy. Main Outcome Measurements The prevalence of adenomas of any size, AAs, and risk factors associated with adenomas. Results The prevalence of adenomas was greater in the FH of polyps group (n = 176) compared with the control sample (n = 178) (26.7% vs 13.5%; P = .002) but was not statistically greater for AAs (5.7% vs 3.4%; P = .3). After adjusting for confounders, FH of a polyp was associated with an increased prevalence of adenomas (odds ratio 2.8 [95% CI, 1.4–5.5]). Limitations Limited data on polyp histology in FDRs and limited sample size. Conclusions Among 40- to 49-year-old patients undergoing screening colonoscopy because of an FDR with polyps, the prevalence of adenomas was greater than in a control population. Prospective research is needed to quantify the prevalence of AAs in this group and to determine whether these individuals should undergo screening colonoscopy at age 40.
The Place of Psychiatry in the Program of a Tuberculosis Hospital

We would emphasize that all of the aspects of psychiatric service which we have outlined above are important, and need to be effectively integrated in the development of a sound program of psychiatry in a tuberculosis hospital. For example, we would regard it as a forlorn hope to attempt to carry out a limited teaching program in the psychiatric aspects of tuberculosis, and expect that it could then be applied without the continued participation of a psychiatrist and psychiatrically oriented social worker. We therefore stress the need for continuity of a program as we have outlined it, and also the need to orient such a program on the basis of a concept of participant psychiatry.
Routine activity and labor market segmentation An empirical test of a revised approach

This article contends that routine activity theory has virtually ignored the motivated offender construct in terms of its measurement. We extend previous research testing routine activity theory by more accurately modeling the effects of labor market segmentation and other structural sources of offender motivation on variation in crime rates. A revised routine activity model is tested using data for the 100 largest cities in the US in 1980. The findings suggest that as secondary labor markets grow, urban crime can be expected to rise.
Reproductive success of Calanus pacificus during diatom blooms in Dabob Bay, Washington

Abstract While numerous laboratory studies in the last decade have shown that diatoms can induce reproductive failure in copepods, field evidence for a negative diatom effect is equivocal. To unambiguously elucidate the effects diatoms have on copepod reproduction in situ, we undertook a study of the abundance, distribution, grazing rates, and reproductive success of Calanus pacificus in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA, during two spring bloom periods. We simultaneously measured the phytoplankton composition, abundance, and distribution. Here we present results for the reproductive success of C. pacificus using four measurements: egg production rate, clutch size, egg hatching success, and naupliar survival (to the first feeding stage). Egg production rate was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, and egg hatching success and naupliar survival were usually greater than 80%. However, in February 2002 and 2003 – during blooms of diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira – either egg hatching success, naupliar survival, or both were significantly depressed compared to other times in spring and summer. These effects, combined with evidence that C. pacificus was grazing aldehyde-producing Thalassiosira at the time of their blooms, indicate that diatoms can negatively affect copepod reproduction in the field, albeit only under specific circumstances and for brief periods.
On the computational technique of optimal synthesis problem using structure parameters.

The process synthesis problem formulated by using structure parameters becomes, in general, a highly constrained nonlinear programming problem. This paper shows that by the use of a transformation in constrained structure parameters, however, all the constraints on the structure parameters are eliminated from the problem. This transformation makes it possible to ease significantly the computational difficulty of handling constrained structure parameters. Two computational methods are proposed, in which the incorporation of the transformation in constrained structure parameters is presented. The results of synthesis of two examples are presented and compared with other methods of synthesis. Computational experience with examples has indicated that different methods must be adopted depending on the type of problem.
When citizens meet both professional and citizen journalists: Social trust, media credibility, and perceived journalistic roles among online community news readers:

Through a web-based survey (N = 238), this study examines how online community news readers perceive the roles of both professional and citizen journalists, and predicts the extent to which social ...
A CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF CERTAIN EUOENOTHERAS FROM WESTERN NEW YORK

THE NORTH AMERICAN EUOENOTHERAS have been found to fall into several natural groupings, each of which represents the endpoint of a distinct line of evolutionary development (Cleland et al., 1950). Two of these groups have been called biennis 1 and biennis 2. They are phenotypically indistinguishable in nature but are cytogenetically quite distinct. The biennis 1 group is found in midwestern United States, while the biennis 2 group is distributed mainly in the northeastern part of the United States and Canada. Although the geographical ranges of these two groups are known in general, the exact limits of distribution of each are yet to be determined. It is also not known whether they occur together in any intermediate areas. The present paper reports an attempt to find partial answers to the latter question, as well as certain cytogenetic findings. Five races from the vicinity of Buffalo, New York, were studied (Elma II, La Salle I, Tonawanda I, Tonawanda II, and Williamsville). The purpose was to determine which group grows in this area. METHODS AND MATERIALS.-Seed of the races was collected by Lois Farquharson. The races were grown and were studied phenotypically and cytologically. Crosses were made to standards, or previously determined races, by Dr. R. E. Cleland. The F1 hybrids were studied phenotypically in order to analyze the composition of each of the new genomes. Chromosome configurations of the hybrids were analyzed cytologically in order to determine the segmental end arrangements of the complexes. The chromosome configurations were determined in the pollen mother cells. Smears were fixed in Navaschin's fluid and stained with crystal violet. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION.-Each of the races investigated has two types of complex or genome. One produces strigosa-like characters and the other biennis-like characters. Typical strigosa characters are: thick, narrow, gray-green leaves; tough, woody, hairy stems; and small flowers. The biennis complex, on the other hand, generally produces broad, thin, darker or clear-green leaves; more brittle stems with fewer hairs; and larger flowers. Throughout the evolution of the euoenotheras,
Energy stable schemes for Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model of two-phase incompressible flows

Numerical approximations of Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model for the two-phase incompressible flows are considered in this paper. Several efficient and energy stable time discretization schemes for the coupled nonlinear Cahn-Hilliard phase-field system for both the matched density case and the variable density case are constructed, and are shown to satisfy discrete energy laws which are analogous to the continuous energy laws.
Port hamiltonian modeling of MSMA based actuator: toward a thermodynamically consistent formulation

Abstract This paper presents a thermodynamically consistent model of MSMA (Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys) under port Hamiltonian framework. It is based on previous works on MSMA proposed in (Gauthier et al., 2008; Calchand et al., 2011). The main difference lies in the choice of the state variables and manipulated thermodynamic forces. Furthermore in (Gauthier et al., 2008), subsequent experiments revealed a highly hysteretic behavior of these materials. Here, the simplified hysteretic behavior is incorporated into the port-hamiltonian model to obtain a finer and more precise model. Such modeling will allow the use of a wide range of energy based methods to design the associated control system. The paper ends with some extensions to more complex hysterestic phenomena by using Preisach like model. First ideas are proposed to extend the previous physical model to systems with internal hysteretic loops.
Mercury−Mercury Tunneling Junctions. 1. Electron Tunneling Across Symmetric and Asymmetric Alkanethiolate Bilayers

Electron tunneling experiments involving Hg−Hg junctions incorporating two alkanethiolate monolayers are described. Formation of a symmetric junction (Hg−SCn−CnS−Hg) is accomplished by bringing in contact two small (3 × 10-3 cm2) mercury drop electrodes in a 5−20% (v/v) hexadecane solution of an alkanethiol. Formation of asymmetric junctions (Hg−SCn−CmS−Hg) and junctions containing n-alkane-3-thiopropanamide bilayers are also described. Tunneling currents in the junctions were measured for voltage biases extending to ±1.5 V. The currents decrease exponentially with the junction thickness yielding the tunneling decay constant, β = 0.89 ± 0.1 per CH2. The decay constant exhibits only a weak dependence on the voltage bias suggesting that electron tunneling follows a through-bond mechanism. Tunneling currents in the n-alkane-3-thiopropanamide bilayer junctions were larger than those in alkanethiolate junctions with the same number of atoms suggesting that introduction of an amide group increases the strength ...
Relative energetic cost of infant care in small-bodied neotropical primates and its relation to infant-care patterns

Small neotropical primates display an array of infant-care patterns, including maternal care, paternal care, and care by non-mothers, both male and female. The high energetic cost of infant care has frequently been proposed as the primary determinant of the need for caregivers other than the mother in these species. This report examines the evidence regarding cost associated with infant care in Aotus, Callicebus, Saimiri, Callimico, Saguinus and Callithrix genera with adult weights of less than 2 kg. The energetic costs of lactation (estimated from infant growth data) and transport (estimated from relative infant weight and travel patterns of each species) are lowest for Aotus and Callicebus, highest for Saguinus and Callithrix (when they rear twins), and intermediate for Saimiri and Callimico. When these costs are compared to the extent that mothers relinquish care to others, there is no clear relation; that is, the energetic cost of infant care is a relatively poor predictor of the apparent "need" for additional caregivers. Additional factors are proposed which better explain the infant-care patterns displayed by these species; these factors include (1) differences in the relative cost that infant care places on foraging efficiency. These differences are proposed to relate to differences in need for concealment as an anti-predator strategy; (2) differences in availability of suitable helpers; (3) differences in nursing frequency, such that the smallest, fastest growing species are more limited in the extent to which mothers may relinquish infant carrying to others. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the Turbine Compressor Set in the Closed Cycle (AK Process) System

The closed cycle (AK process) originated in Europe in 1935 with the first application for patents on the system. Development since that time has been through the efforts of Escher Wyss of Switzerland and its licensees. Since the early 1950’s the U. S. Army has been a leading proponent of this concept for use within a compact, mobile nuclear power plant. Of major importance to this cycle is the selection of an optimized turbine compressor set in order to achieve the most useful work per pound of gas circulated. This will result in the achievement of highest system efficiency and the smallest component size possible. This paper will show a practical method for the selection of optimum pressure ratio for the turbine compressor set and compare predicted results with test results obtained at the Advanced Power Conversion Experimental Facility at Fort Belvoir, VA.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Human cell surface antigens coded by genes on chromosome 21

Clones of man-mouse hybrids derived from four different crosses which retained a very limited number of human chromosomes were studied for the expression of human cell surface antigens. In testing a variety of rabbit antisera to human cells and tissues, it was found that an antiserum to Daudi cells recognizes human species-specific antigen(s) on three ‘WA’ clones, all of which carried human chromosome 21. Absorption of the antiserum with any of the clones abolished its activity against all clones, indicating that the antiserum recognized the same antigen(s) on these clones. The antigen(s) was shown to be present on normal human lymphocytes, more on B than on T cells, but apparently absent from erythrocytes. C3H mice, from which the murine parent originated, were immunized with the WA clones carrying human chromosome 21. The resultant antisera reacted with clones carrying chromosome 21 but not with clones which did not retain this chromosome, even though some of these clones possessed many other human chromosomes. The murine antisera reacted with some, but not all, human peripheral blood lymphocytes tested. Absorption studies clearly showed the multiple nature of the antigens recognized by these antisera. Studies on cells of identical twins provided evidence that these antigens are inheritable.
Self-Control, Locus of Control and Social Status in Children:

The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between locus of control and self-control and the effects of these “control” variables on achievement of social status by children. Teachers rated 50 third-grade and 54 fifth-grade children on the Kendall-Wilcox Self-control Rating Scale and the children completed the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Social acceptance and rejection scores were derived from socio-metric nominations. Internality and self-control were positively correlated for children in Grades 3 and 5. Self-control was negatively correlated to social rejection at both grades. Internality and self-control combined to predict social acceptance at Grade 5.
Purification and reconstitution of the phosphate transporter from bovine heart mitochondria.

Abstract Phosphate transporter of bovine heart mitochondria was purified by solubilization of submitochondrial particles with octylglucoside and fractionation of the extract with ammonium sulfate. After reconstitution into liposomes the purified protein catalyzed phosphate transport which was sensitive to mersalyl and other SH reagents. Transport measured either as P i OH or P i P i exchange was proportional to protein concentration and time. The P i OH but not the P i P i exchange was stimulated several fold by valinomycin plus nigericin in the presence of K+. The reconstituted system provides a suitable assay during purification of the mitochondrial phosphate transporter.
Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on the anti-sickling activity of some membrane-interacting compounds

Under deoxygenated conditions (PO2 = 0 mmHg), sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide had no effect on sickling, but they did inhibit the anti-sickling activity of chlorpromazine. At the same concentration, these sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the cup formation of chlorpromazine in an oxygenated state (PO2 = 143 mmHg). This supports our previous finding that the anti-sickling effect of membrane-interacting compounds is related to their ability to form a cup-shaped red cell.