cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell-Derived Islets: Next Steps for Histologic and Functional Assessment During Development as a Cellular Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Patients are thus dependent on exogenous insulin therapy delivered by multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous infusion pumps to control elevated glucose levels and prevent the development of life-threatening ketoacidosis. Due to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limitations and complexity of subcutaneous insulin delivery, most patients living today with T1D cannot achieve levels of glucose control recommended for the prevention of diabetes complications (1). Therefore, biologic insulin therapy delivered by β-cell replacement has long been hoped to supplant exogenous insulin therapy for T1D but has been realized only in the limited context of pancreas or isolated islet transplantation using deceased donor organs (2). Recent progress in the generation of functional islet β-cells from human stem cell sources (3) has reinvigorated hope for a one day limitless supply of islets for transplantation therapy (4). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated to a pancreatic endoderm progenitor stage in vitro have the potential to further differentiate into functional pancreatic islets in vivo (5,6). Further differentiation to a pancreatic islet stage in vitro can generate cell clusters with the capacity for glucose-dependent insulin secretion before transplantation (7,8). While both approaches are capable of reversing streptozotocin-induced diabetes in immunodeficient mouse models, the use of pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) has previously been accompanied by the sporadic growth of mesodermal cells reminiscent of the formation of teratomas. The use of pancreatic islet stage cells is hoped to minimize off-target differentiation; however, these later stage endocrine cells still undergo further in vivo differentiation and so may not fully eliminate the potential risks associated with …
Sparse signal processing with linear and non-linear observations: A unified shannon theoretic approach

In this work we derive fundamental limits for many linear and non-linear sparse signal processing models including group testing, quantized compressive sensing, multivariate regression and observations with missing features. In general, sparse signal processing problems can be characterized in terms of the following Markovian property. We are given a set of N variables X1, X2, ..., XN, and there is an unknown subset of variables S ⊂ {1, 2, ..., N} that are relevant for predicting outcomes/outputs Y. In other words, when Y is conditioned on {Xn}nϵS it is conditionally independent of the other variables, {Xn}n∉S. Our goal is to identify the set S from samples of the variables X and the associated outcomes Y. We characterize this problem as a version of the noisy channel coding problem. Using asymptotic information theoretic analyses, we establish mutual information formulas that provide sufficient and necessary conditions on the number of samples required to successfully recover the salient variables. These mutual information expressions unify conditions for both linear and non-linear observations. We then compute sample complexity bounds for the aforementioned models, based on the mutual information expressions.
New Insights in Pediatric Urology: Highlights from the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology Meeting, October 10-13, 2008, Boston, MA.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Urology’s annual meeting was held as part of a Joint Pediatric Urology Meeting in Boston, MA, on October 10–13, 2008. The joint sessions included the AAP Section on Urology, the AAP Pediatric Urology Nurse Specialists (PUNS), and the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS). One hundred sixteen papers and posters were presented on a wide range of topics including cryptorchidism, genitourinary (GU) tumors, varicocele, exstrophy, sexual differentiation, reflux, hypospadias, neurogenic bladder, hydronephrosis, valves, and voiding dysfunction. There was a significant emphasis on papers dealing with diurnal and nocturnal incontinence. Dr. Michael Mitchell was chosen to receive the Pediatric Urology Medal. He has made innumerable contributions to pediatric and reconstructive urology. Dr. Mitchell has furthered our understanding of the pathophysiology of the bladder of children with posterior urethral valves and coined the term valve bladder. He emphasized the important role of early bladder cycling and the primary valve ablation approach for almost all patients with valves. He has pioneered the development of the complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy. The meeting was extremely well attended by pediatric urologists from North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Several of the clinical research abstracts are highlighted below.
SoC Security Verification using Property Checking

Security of a system-on-chip (SoC) can be weakened by exploiting the inherent and potential vulnerabilities of the intellectual property (IP) cores used to implement the design as well as the interaction among the IPs. These vulnerabilities not only increase the security verification effort but also can increase design complexity and time-to-market. If the design and verification engineers are equipped with a comprehensive set of security properties at the early stage of a design process, SoC security validation effort can be greatly reduced. In this paper, we propose a property-driven approach to design a secure SoC. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive set of reusable and architecture-agnostic properties acting as security-aware design rules and guidelines. Moreover, we develop metrics from these properties to facilitate quantitative security assessment. Finally, we present design examples to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach under different threat models.
Silicon Photonic Microring Resonator Arrays as a Universal Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis.

Electrophoretic separations conventionally rely on chromogenic, fluorogenic, or redox properties for analyte detection that, in many instances, involve chemical modification of samples prior to ana...
Comprehensive moral thinking and the demandingness objection

In his tripartite theory of corporate responsibility, Kenneth Goodpaster argues for the inclusion of “Comprehensive Moral Thinking (CMT)” as the third part alongside shareholder and stakeholder thinking. CMT requires managers sometimes to act for reasons of dignity or a just community, against what shareholder and stakeholder thinking recommend. To address concerns about the demandingness of CMT, Goodpaster argues that the responsibilities it imposes are significant but qualified or conditional: they require only that managers make efforts to address problems of dignity and justice, especially in cooperation with other willing firms. If extreme efforts are required or if other firms are unwilling to cooperate, managers can be justified in deciding in favor of shareholder or stakeholder values, even when dignity or justice is at stake. I raise two problems for the appeal to qualified responsibility—an extensional problem about the inability of the account to yield the correct judgment in important cases and an internal problem about the coherence of the account when qualified responsibility is included. I conclude by considering the prospects of a theory that includes CMT but rejects qualified responsibility.
Consumer characteristics as predictors of purchase intentions and willingness to pay a premium for men’s mass-customized apparel

The purposes of the study were to identify consumers’ characteristics as predictors of purchase intentions (PI) of men’s mass-customized (M-C) apparel and to examine whether the predictors of PI we...
Reimagining the Student Experience: Formative Practice for Changing Times: edited by Brian Jensen and Sarah Visser, Abilene, TX: Abilene Christian University Press, 2019, 192 pp., $22.98 (paperback), IBSN 978-1684269693

Reimaging the Student Experience is a call to examine the important role that Christian colleges and universities play in furthering the Kingdom of God. Through a lens of hope, inspiration, and cha...
Temperature Excursions Due to the Reaction Heat Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition on Nanostructured Substrates

Many atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactions are highly exothermic, with some likely releasing hundreds of kJ/mol per cycle. In ALD on conventional substrates (e.g., wafers), this exothermicity is ...
克隆人: 一個無害的例証？: Human Cloning: A Case of No Harm Done?

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese有些人反對在實驗室中克隆人類前胚胎，理由是，這一過程有損人類前胚胎的尊嚴，是對人類前胚胎的不尊重。另一些人則論証說，與人類前胚胎不同，個人顯然有權利受到我們的尊重和關心，如果可以預見人體克隆對個人將是有益的，或者至少不會造成麻煩，那就應當允許克隆人。基於後一種觀點，法律理論家John A. Robertson論証說，既然克隆無害於顯然有權受到我們尊重和關心的任何人，那麼，應該允許克隆。他特別論証說，克隆子女不可能真的因克隆而受到傷害，因為他們會把他們的存在歸功於克隆過程。我在本文中將証明，克隆及其相關的過程事實上確實使現實中的人體克隆子女處在受到真正傷害的危險之中。因此，我為探究克隆及其相關技術在道德上的可允許性提供了一個基礎，但我并沒有暗示，人類前胚胎有尊嚴，或者應當受到尊重。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 28 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Portrayal of Religion Against the Backdrop of Progress and Modernity in the US and Canadian Social Science Textbooks from 1850 to 2010

How is Christianity discussed in textbooks as societies entered the modern era? To what extent do textbooks reflect the changes and continuities in societal worldviews and values? This chapter examines discussion of religion, science, and notions of progress in secondary school social science textbooks in the US and Canada from 1850 to 2010, using data coded from 527 textbooks. Consistent with expectations for secularizing societies, we find that discussion of religion declines over time. However, we find the extent to which Christianity is discussed and portrayed differs in the US and Canadian textbooks. Our findings suggest that discussion of Christianity in Canadian textbooks is higher than that in the US textbooks in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but that discussion of religious topics decline rapidly in Canadian textbooks compared to those in the United States. Simultaneously, we observe a rise of secular morality reflecting values of progressivism in textbooks although Christian principles and values appear to be associated with notions of progress, especially in the United States. What this suggests is a shift from Christian to secular morality but with persistent links to religious values rather than values-neutral scientific emphases.
SPI-GAN: Towards Single-Pixel Imaging through Generative Adversarial Network.

Single-pixel imaging is a novel imaging scheme that has gained popularity due to its huge computational gain and potential for a low-cost alternative to imaging beyond the visible spectrum. The traditional reconstruction methods struggle to produce a clear recovery when one limits the number of illumination patterns from a spatial light modulator. As a remedy, several deep-learning-based solutions have been proposed which lack good generalization ability due to the architectural setup and loss functions. In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network-based reconstruction framework for single-pixel imaging, referred to as SPI-GAN. Our method can reconstruct images with 17.92 dB PSNR and 0.487 SSIM, even if the sampling ratio drops to 5%. This facilitates much faster reconstruction making our method suitable for single-pixel video. Furthermore, our ResNet-like architecture for the generator leads to useful representation learning that allows us to reconstruct completely unseen objects. The experimental results demonstrate that SPI-GAN achieves significant performance gain, e.g. near 3dB PSNR gain, over the current state-of-the-art method.
Transition from injecting opioids to smoking fentanyl in San Francisco, California.

Abstract Background The introduction of illicitly made fentanyl in the United States has slowly replaced heroin. New illicit drugs are often associated with changes in frequency and modes of administration. We assessed changes in injection frequency and smoking fentanyl in the new era of fentanyl availability in San Francisco. Methods We used targeted sampling to recruit 395 people who inject drugs (PWID) into an observational cohort study in San Francisco 2018–2020. We assessed changes in injection frequency, opioid injection frequency and fentanyl smoking frequency in four six-month periods. We also conducted qualitative interviews with PWID asking about motivations for injecting and smoking opioids. Results The median number of past-month injections steadily decreased by semi-annual calendar year from 92 injections in July to December 2018 to 17 injections in January to June 2020. The rate of opioid injections reduced by half (Adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.41; 95 % Confidence Interval = 0.25, 0.70; p Conclusion Between 2018 and 2020, there was a shift from injecting tar heroin to smoking fentanyl in San Francisco. Reductions in injection of illicit drugs may offer public health benefit if it reduces risk of blood-borne viruses, abscesses and soft-tissue infections, and infective endocarditis.
Long noncoding RNAs in diseases of aging

Abstract Aging is a process during which progressive deteriorating of cells, tissues, and organs over time lead to loss of function, disease, and death. Towards the goal of extending human health span, there is escalating interest in understanding the mechanisms that govern aging-associated pathologies. Adequate regulation of expression of coding and noncoding genes is critical for maintaining organism homeostasis and preventing disease processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of gene expression at all levels — transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of lncRNAs implicated in aging illnesses. We focus on diseases arising from age-driven impairment in energy metabolism (obesity, diabetes), the declining capacity to respond homeostatically to proliferative and damaging stimuli (cancer, immune dysfunction), and neurodegeneration. We identify the lncRNAs involved in these ailments and discuss the rising interest in lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets to ameliorate age-associated pathologies and prolong health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
How Dismantling Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Will Affect the Future of the Multifamily Market

On February 11, 2011 the US Treasury published a white paper announcing the future dismantling of the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.1 This white paper, “Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market,” was a result of the government bailout and conservatorship of the GSEs. While both GSEs are well known for their role in residential real estate, their recent involvement in multifamily real estate is less apparent. The purpose of this report is twofold: First to explain the role GSEs have played in the multifamily mortgage market; and second to postulate the effect their non-participation will have on the future of multifamily properties and financing.
Flexible Solar Cells Made of Nanowires/Microwires

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on progress in the development of flexible solar cells to reduce the weight and cost, to improve shock resistance and to facilitate transportation, storage, and installation, compared to conventional systems. Although many studies report flexible devices using thin films of organics, amorphous and polycrystalline Si, and other inorganic semiconductors, systems made with one-dimensional (1D) nano/microstructures of inorganic semiconductors with high crystallinity (even monocrystallinity) provide significant enhancement in energy conversion efficiency. This chapter also provides an overview of mechanically flexible solar cells made of nanostructures/microstructures of inorganic semiconductors, with a special emphasis on p–n junction and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. By employing dry transfer printing techniques and appropriate mechanical designs, intrinsically rigid and fragile semiconducting materials in bulk can be readily used as building blocks for flexible p–n junction solar cells. It reviews various recent approaches towards flexible PEC cells employing nanotubes and nanowires. Nanotubes/nanowires made of TiO2, ZnO, and Si either grown on or transferred onto flexible substrates represent promising photoanode materials for mechanically flexible PEC solar cells.
Lateral organization, bilayer asymmetry, and inter-leaflet coupling of biological membranes

Understanding of cell membrane organization has evolved significantly from the classic fluid mosaic model. It is now recognized that biological membranes are highly organized structures, with differences in lipid compositions between inner and outer leaflets and in lateral structures within the bilayer plane, known as lipid rafts. These organizing principles are important for protein localization and function as well as cellular signaling. However, the mechanisms and biophysical basis of lipid raft formation, structure, dynamics and function are not clearly understood. One key question, which we focus on in this review, is how lateral organization and leaflet compositional asymmetry are coupled. Detailed information elucidating this question has been sparse because of the small size and transient nature of rafts and the experimental challenges in constructing asymmetric bilayers. Resolving this mystery will require advances in both experimentation and modeling. We discuss here the preparation of model systems along with experimental and computational approaches that have been applied in efforts to address this key question in membrane biology. We seek to place recent and future advances in experimental and computational techniques in context, providing insight into in-plane and transverse organization of biological membranes.
Obesity and Advertising Policy

It is clear that Americans are getting fatter, both adults and children. This development has led some to call for a ban on food advertising directed at children. There are numerous practical and constitutional difficulties with such a policy. This article poses a more fundamental question - even if feasible, would restricting food advertising do anything to reduce obesity or even slow its trends? The article also considers whether the social costs of banning advertising could outweigh the social benefits of such an action. This article provides a review of the literature on the fundamental causes of the American obesity problem as well as the purported contribution of children's advertising to the problem. The final conclusion is inescapable - the available evidence does not support the theory that children's exposure to food advertising has significantly contributed to increased children's obesity. Although children's obesity rates have skyrocketed during the past two decades, the available evidence indicates that children's exposure to food advertising has remained constant or has even declined during that same period. This article first describes the existing theories and empirical evidence regarding the causal factors in the American obesity problem. Second, the article examines in detail the claim that the rise in children's obesity has been caused in whole or in part by food advertising directed at children. Available evidence and observations regarding the exposure of children to food advertising fail to support the hypothesis that increased food advertising directed at children has significantly contributed to the rise in childhood obesity. As a result, there is also little reason to believe that greater restrictions on advertising directed at children will do much at all to staunch the increase in children's obesity. Third, the article reviews the existing literature on the positive effects that advertising can have on increasing consumer knowledge and choice. Thus, even though there is little evidence that advertising is the cause of the obesity problem, it is likely that advertising can play a positive role in being part of the solution to obesity by providing more information to consumers and by providing incentives to create and market healthier food alternatives.
Computing policies and problems: A stage theory approach

Abstract Computing policies have been considered a major mechanism for reducing and preventing the emergence of problems in computing operations. The authors examine the relationship between computing policies and problems, and formulate a theoru of the interactions between problems, policies and commitment of resources for computing activity. The data presented are from an international comparative study of computing operations and impacts in 40 US and 16 other cities.
Free Speech and Autonomy: Thinkers, Storytellers, and a Systemic Approach to Speech

Ed’s and Seana’s papers together present a powerful argument for the idea that autonomy is a fundamental value underlying the protection of free speech. As I have written elsewhere, I agree with this argument. In this response to their papers, I would like to suggest that an autonomy approach focused on narrative rather than choice as the vehicle for autonomy offers some advantages. First, I will outline briefly the functions served by autonomy that provide a foundation for this value in our moral and political experience. Second, I will offer a narrative model of autonomy and describe how it serves the functions in our moral and political lives for which we need autonomy. Third, I will highlight the two primary advantages of this model: (1) seeing autonomy as an ongoing process rather than an assumed starting point, and (2) focusing our attention on systems of free speech—rather than only on individuals, whether they are speakers, listeners, or thinkers. I believe that this focus on systemic concerns is crucial to rethinking the commitment to free speech in a way that makes issues of inequality central and therefore holds the promise of making free speech a living and meaningful part of people’s experience.
Cystic fibrosis and Down's syndrome.

The association of cystic fibrosis and Down9s syndrome has been documented for the first time in three cases. While the association may be considered as purely fortuitous, features common to both indicate a contrary possibility. Similar shared features include increased sodium content of parotid saliva, abnormal morphology of nailbed capillaries, autonomic dysfunction, an increased frequency of diabetes mellitus, and intestinal atresia. Cystic fibrosis probably occurs more frequently in children with mongolism than heretofore suspected. A sweat test is mandatory in a child, albeit a mongol, having recurrent pneumonia.
The use of semantic- and phonological-based feature approaches to treat naming deficits in aphasia

The aim of the study was to compare approaches highlighting either semantic or phonological features to treat naming deficits in aphasia. Treatment focused on improving picture naming. An alternating treatments design was used with a multiple baseline design across stimuli to examine effects of both approaches in two participants with varying degrees of anomia. The features approaches were modified in that three, rather than six, features were used. Significant differential effects were found across participants; this appeared to be a function of each participant's strengths or preferences over the course of treatment. Modest generalization effects were obtained for one participant. Naming error analyses revealed patterns suggestive of increased lexical access for both participants. These findings provide evidence that using a modified features-based protocol can improve naming when incorporating both semantic and phonological feature cues. Naming error patterns can provide additional evidence of improved naming during treatment.
Paleogene-Neogene depositional history of the middle U.S. Atlantic continental rise: mixed turbidite and contourite depositional systems

Abstract The construction of the middle U.S. Atlantic continental rise from late Paleogene to late Pliocene time included downslope sediment gravity flows and alongslope contourite deposition. Some previous studies have suggested that contour-following bottom currents were the dominant control on depositional patterns. Depositional relief from two large contourite drifts, largely built in late Miocene to late Pliocene time, continue to dominate present-day lower rise morphology. Detailed seismic sequence mapping presented here suggests that significant turbidite (fan) systems also were active and are preserved in the stratigraphic section. A single thick depositional sequence is mapped for Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments deposited when inferred fan systems off the Norfolk-Washington canyons were reworked by bottom currents along the lower rise to form the proto-Hatteras Outer Ridge. Detailed mapping of three late Miocene to late Pliocene depositional sequences indicates that fan-channel systems were active at the same time large contourite drifts were being constructed. Sediment delivered to the lower rise by these elongate turbidite systems undoubtedly was an important local source for construction of the Hatteras Outer Ridge and, through entrainment and resuspension, was an important source for regional contourite deposition controlled by the deep Western Boundary Undercurrent. We suggest that submarine fans and current-controlled sediment drifts may develop simultaneously as companion systems. Types of fan/drift interaction include current-only modification of fans, transitional fan-to-drift, and adjacent or overlapping submarine fan and sediment drift deposition.
IFDB: decentralized information flow control for databases

Numerous sensitive databases are breached every year due to bugs in applications. These applications typically handle data for many users, and consequently, they have access to large amounts of confidential information.This paper describes IFDB, a DBMS that secures databases by using decentralized information flow control (DIFC). We present the Query by Label model, which introduces new abstractions for managing information flows in a relational database. IFDB also addresses several challenges inherent in bringing DIFC to databases, including how to handle transactions and integrity constraints without introducing covert channels.We implemented IFDB by modifying PostgreSQL, and extended two application environments, PHP and Python, to provide a DIFC platform. IFDB caught several security bugs and prevented information leaks in two web applications we ported to the platform. Our evaluation shows that IFDB's throughput is as good as PostgreSQL for a real web application, and about 1% lower for a database benchmark based on TPC-C.
Control of Colonial Hydroid Macrofouling by Free-Field Ultrasonic Radiation

Free-field ultrasonic radiation inhibited the feeding of the macrofouling hydroid Garveia franciscana by causing tentacle contraction at the sonic degasification threshold. Within the frequency range of 250 to 2000 kilohertz, the threshold sound intensity (sonic degasification threshold) that caused tentacle contraction was directly proportional to frequency, with the minimum observed being 0.6 watt per square centimeter at 250 kilohertz. A pulse length of 0.2 second and interpulse period of 102 seconds gave the lowest average power required to produce tentacle contraction at a peak pulse sound intensity of 6.2 watts per square centimeter with a frequency of 250 kilohertz. Twenty-four hour exposures to the sound regime caused destruction of the hydranths and regression of tissue in the stolons.
Face-To-Face at Arm's Length: Conflict Norms and Extra-Group Relations in Grassroots Dialogue Groups

Research has shown that internal relations in small groups are affected by members' relationship to the external world and the extent to which groups focus their efforts on extra-group relations. This article describes the conflict norms used to manage intra-group relations by members of a grassroots dialogue group in the United States whose members — US Jews, Palestinians, and others — came together to discuss the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As the group's focus changed from internally-oriented conflict resolution to externally-oriented social movement mobilization, (a) adherence to these norms frustrated their attempts at mobilizing a peace movement in their home communities, and (b) intra-group relations became more problematic. This article demonstrates the importance of understanding the relationship between intra-group relations and members' extra-group relations with their home communities.
The one dimensional soluble particle transfer problem and the modified energy matrix method

Abstract The comparison of the modified energy matrix treatment of the particle transfer problem with the exact solution available in a special one dimensional case which has been made by Breit is analyzed and carried out by an alternative procedure with the same conclusion. The analysis includes the consideration of effects of the continuum of the energy spectrum of each of the two δ-function potentials and of the effects of these parts of the spectra on the transition probability. These effects are found small in the case considered. The exact solutions are put into a form especially suitable for the comparisons made. The modified energy matrix method is made use of to estimate the effect of the finiteness of the range of force and to analyze the location in space of contributions to the transfer amplitude.
A Method for the Dereplication of Natural Product Extracts using Electrospray HPLC/MS

Abstract With the advent of Electrospray HPLC/MS instruments and a database like NAPRALERT, a quick and easy method for the dereplication of natural products can now be achieved.
The effects of substrate properties on metal coatings from liquid medium by reactive laser deposition

Laser processing of materials in a liquid medium was examined in this study. A gold solution was used to coat gold onto aluminum, silicon, alumina, and diamond substrates using a 500 mW Ar ion laser and a 3.5 W Nd-YAG laser. The Ar ion laser was found suitable for gold reactive laser deposition. It was observed that the substrate electrical conductivity plays a dominant role in the deposition process. Substrates with a higher thermal conductivity required more laser power for deposition. Laser processing in a liquid medium was shown to be effective and could be used to fabricate electrode and interconnects.
Effect of fin waviness and spacing on the lateral vortex structure and laminar heat transfer in wavy-plate-fin cores

Laminar forced convection in air (Pr=0.7) in two-dimensional wavy-plate-fin channels with sinusoidal wall corrugations is numerically simulated. Constant property, periodically developed flow in uniform wall temperature plate channels is considered. Velocity and temperature fields, isothermal Fanning friction factor, and Colburn factor are presented for different flow rates (10⩽Re⩽1000), wall-corrugation severity (0.125⩽γ⩽0.5), and fin spacing (0.1⩽e⩽3.0). Lateral vortices or re-circulation cells develop in the wavy-wall troughs as the axial flow gets separated downstream of the wall-corrugation peaks and re-attaches upstream of the subsequent wall peak, and their strength and coverage is a function of Re, γ, and e. As the plate separation e decreases, however, viscous forces dominate and dampen the swirl; with very large e, the impact of wall waviness diminishes and the core fluid flows largely undisturbed. The surface waviness-induced periodic disruption and thinning of boundary layers along with lateral swirl mixing produce high local heat fluxes near the wall peak regions. The overall heat transfer coefficient increases many fold compared to that in flat-plate channels with relatively small increases in the concomitant pressure drop penalty. The optimum (j/f) enhancement is obtained in the swirl flow regime (Re>100) with γ>0 and 1.0⩽e⩽1.2.
Ongoing Cross-National Identity Transformation: Living on the Queer Japan-U.S. Transnational Borderland

In this essay, I analyze my border performances of becoming and being as an embodied text to explicate, elucidate, and elaborate culturally hybrid practices of intercultural transition. I pay close attention to unpack the material realities of my hybridity as I continue to live within and beyond queer (or non-heteronormative) Japan–US transnational borderland. In so doing, I aim to illustrate (dis)connections between my identity negotiation processes and the multiple significances of queer Asian/American male identity construction to disrupt the heteronormative modes of thinking about intercultural transitions.
Is ischemic preconditioning of the kidney clinically relevant

Abstract Background. Renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby a brief period of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) provides tolerance to subsequent periods of ischemia. IPC has been demonstrated to protect rodent kidneys during I/R. The applicability to large mammals, including human beings, is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if renal IPC has a beneficial effect in a large animal model of warm I/R and hypothermic preservation injury, which occurs with renal allografting. Methods. Renal ischemia (45 minutes) and reperfusion was studied in untreated dogs and in dogs receiving IPC (10-minute/10-minute I/R). IPC was administered immediately before I/R (early IPC) or 24 hours before I/R (delayed IPC). In another group of dogs, pharmacologically induced IPC was attempted with local intra-arterial administration of dipyridamole (2.4 mg/kg/min) to increase local adenosine concentrations. Finally, IPC was induced in kidneys before harvest, cold stored for 24 hours in University of Wisconsin flush solution, and subsequently reperfused for 4 hours in allogeneic recipients. Renal functional parameters, including vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, urine production, oxygen consumption, and proximal tubular fluid reabsorption, were monitored during the reperfusion period and were compared with the control ischemic group. Results. Renal function significantly declined during I/R, relative to the nonischemic contralateral kidney but was not different with any form of IPC, relative to the ischemic control group not treated with IPC. IPC pretreatment also did not affect the preservation injury observed in cold-stored kidneys reperfused after transplantation. Conclusions. It is concluded that IPC has no significantly measurable effects in warm or hypothermic renal I/R injury in large animals. The clinical usefulness of IPC in human renal ischemic conditions remains uncertain. (Surgery 2003;133:81-90).
Oxidation Reactions of [(Me3Si)2N]2VX(THF) (X = Cl, Me, Ph) with CuCl, PhCH(O)CH2, and Ph2CN2 and the Syntheses and Structures of the Vanadium(III) Anions {[(Me3Si)2N]2VX2}- (X = Cl, Me)

One-electron oxidation of [(Me3Si)2N]2VX(THF) (X = Cl, Me, Ph) with CuCl afforded the V(IV), d1 species [(Me3Si)2N]2VCl(X) in moderate yields after crystallization from acetonitrile. [(Me3Si)2N]2VC...
Correlates of Family Functioning when a Child has Attention Deficit Disorder

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among selected demographic and psychosocial family characteristics and family functioning and to identify which combination of variables best predicts family functioning when a child has attention deficit disorder. Seventy-six mothers and 47 fathers from 79 families participated in the study. The target child had been previously diagnosed with attention deficit disorder either with or without hyperactivity and aggressive symptoms. A significant correlation between family functioning and age of the hyperactive child was supported. Families of older children reported poorer functioning, and parenting competence was negatively related to parental perception of the child's behavior. Older age of the child in combination with higher levels of impulsivity/hyperactivity were significant in predicting family functioning.
Pneumothorax: A Rare Manifestation of Primary Lung Cancer

Spontaneous pneumothorax rarely occurs with primary lung cancer. A case of giant cell carcinoma of the lung is reported, in which pneumothorax was the presenting feature. The rarity of this association is stressed. A limited review of the English literature is included.
Formulation of boundary integral equations for linear elastic shells

Abstract The use of the boundary integral technique is extended to cylindrical shells through the thickness shear using the Somigliana's approach. Orthotropic material is also considered. The use of the Green functional approach with its major disadvantage, is shown.
Heart rate at rest, exercise capacity, and mortality risk in veterans

Heart rate (HR) at rest has been associated inversely with mortality risk. However, fitness is inversely associated with mortality risk and both increased fitness and β-blockade therapy affect HR at rest. Thus, both fitness and β-blockade therapy should be considered when HR at rest–mortality risk association is assessed. From 1986 to 2011, we assessed HR at rest, fitness, and mortality in 18,462 veterans (mean age = 58 ± 11 years) undergoing a stress test. During a median follow-up period of 10 years (211,398 person-years), 5,100 died, at an average annual mortality of 24.1 events/1,000 person-years. After adjusting for age, body mass index, cardiac risk factors, medication, and exercise capacity, we noted approximately 11% increase in risk for each 10 heart beats. To assess the risk in a wide and clinically relevant spectrum, we established 6 HR at rest categories per 10 heart beat intervals ranging from 70 beats/min for the entire cohort, those treated with β blockers, and those aged
Some stability questions for higher-dimensional theories☆

Abstract Preliminary stability calculations are presented for a simple higher-dimensional theory containing a totally antisymmetric matter field. It is shown that the Witten instability found for the original five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory does not have a simple generalization. It is also shown that ground states constructed from a Freund-Rubin type ansatz (for the non-supersymmetric case) may be classically unstable against small perturbations.
Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes

Single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit many properties analogous to quantum dots and wires at very low temperatures: Coulomb blockade and single-electron charging. These and other phenomena may be exploited in constructing active electronic devices of unprecedentedly small size. Bulk material may be chemically doped to yield mass-normalized electrical conductivity higher than that of copper.
Action Potentials: To the Nucleus and Beyond:

The neuronal nucleus is now widely accepted as playing a vital role in maintaining long-term changes in synaptic effectiveness. To act, however, the nucleus must be appropriately relayed with information regarding the latest round of synaptic plasticity. Several constraints of doing so in a neuron pertain to the often significant spatial distance of synapses from the nucleus and the number of synapses required for such a signal to reach functional levels in the nucleus. Largely based on the sensitivity of transcriptional responses to NMDA receptor antagonists, it has been postulated that the signals are physically relayed by biochemical messengers from the synapse to the nucleus. Alternatively, a second, less often considered but equally viable method of signal transduction may be initiated by action potentials generated proximal to the nucleus, wherefrom the signal can be relayed directly by calcium or indirectly by biochemical second messengers. We consider action potential-dependent signaling to the nucleus to have its own computational advantages over the synapse-to-nucleus signal for some functions. This minireview summarizes the logic and experimental support for these two modes of signaling and attempts to validate the action potential model as playing an important role in transcriptional regulation relating specifically to long-term synaptic plasticity.
Artificial Propagation of those Channel Cats

(1947). Artificial Propagation of those Channel Cats. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 27-30.
Photophysics and Photochemistry of Chromophore−Quencher Assemblies on Glass and Powdered Silica

The photophysical properties of the chromophores [Ru(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 [(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy) is 4,4‘-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine], [Re(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)(CO)3(4-Etpy)](PF6) (4-Etpy is 4-ethylp...
Heralding single photons without spectral factorability

Recent efforts to produce single photons via heralding have relied on creating spectrally factorable two-photon states in order to achieve both high purity and high production rate. Through a careful multimode analysis, we find, however, that spectral factorability is not necessary. Utilizing single-mode detection, a similar or better performance can be achieved with nonfactorable states. This conclusion rides on the fact that even when using a broadband filter, a single-mode measurement can still be realized, as long as the coherence time of the triggering photons exceeds the measurement window of the on-off detector.
Animal models: a pot of gold

Comment on Sirac et al, page [536][1] The article by Sirac and colleagues in the current issue of Blood is a seminal contribution to the literature. Significant advances have taken place in the understanding of molecular events that govern light-chain–mediated nephrotoxicity in patients with
Oncologic Outcomes of Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Intermediate-Term Follow-up

Abstract Objectives A paucity of literature discusses biochemical recurrence (BCR) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). We report the intermediate-term cancer control and variables associated with BCR based on the 8-yr experience of a single surgeon. Methods Between January 1998 and March 2006, one surgeon performed LRP on 1071 patients at two institutions. Excluded from analysis are 20 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, 27 lost to follow-up, and 23 without prostate-specific antigen (PSA) controls due to recent date of surgery. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to estimate time to BCR, defined as a PSA of 0.2ng/ml and rising or start of secondary therapy. The log-rank test was used to compare pathologic variables. Positive surgical margin (PSM) was defined as cancer cells at the inked margins. Cox regression analysis estimated variables associated with time to BCR. Results Of the study population, 1%, 75%, 23%, and 1% had pT0, pT2, pT3, and pT4 disease, respectively; 41%, 1%, and 58% had no nodal involvement, lymph node metastases, and no lymph node dissection, respectively. The cumulative 5-yr BCR-free rate was 75% for the 1001 evaluable patients, with 95 patients fulfilling criteria for BCR. The mean follow-up was 22.3 mo (95%CI, 20,24.6). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher serum PSA ( p p =0.009), presence of extracapsular extension (ECE; p =0.038), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI; p p p Conclusion LRP seems to offer comparable oncologic outcomes to open surgery; however, more extended follow-up of patients is needed to better assess the oncologic safety of the LRP.
Cutaneous Permeability Barrier Disruption Increases Fatty Acid Synthetic Enzyme Activity in the Epidermis of Hairless Mice

Previous studies have shown that abrogation of the cutaneous permeability barrier stimulates epidermal fatty acid synthesis and that this increase is required for barrier repair. The purpose of the present study was to determine the enzymatic basis for this increase In synthesis. Acute barrier disruption by tape stripping increased both acetyl CoA carboxylase (62%) and fatty acid synthase (54%) activities in the epidermis. Similarly, acute disruption of the barrier by topical acetone treatment increased epidermal acetyl CoA carboxylase (69%) and fatty acid synthase (43%) activities. In both acute models, provision of an artificial barrier by occlusion with an impermeable membrane prevented the increase in acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activities, indicating that the increased activity was dependent on an Increase in transepidermal water loss and cannot be attributed to nonspecific effects. In addition, chronic disruption of the barrier, produced by feeding an essential-fatty- acid-deficient diet, also increased acetyl CoA carboxylase (127%) and fatty acid synthase (49%) activities in the epidermis. Again, occlusion with an impermeable membrane decreased both acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activities toward normal, These results indicate that the increase In fatty acid synthesis that occurs in the epidermis after barrier disruption is due to a coordinate increase in the activities of both epidermal acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase.
Surprisingly Intense Neutron Emission from a Flare Behind the Limb of the Sun

The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory observed a strong flux of neutrons from the behind-the-limb flare that occurred on 1991 June 1. This is surprising if the neutrons were produced by thin-target interactions in the Sun's corona, as is suggested by γ-ray observations of this flare made by Granat/PHEBUS. We compare neutron and γ-ray observations of the June 1 flare with thick-target emissions observed from a flare 3 days later, where the interactions took place in the chromosphere and photosphere. A very hard spectrum for the accelerated particles is required to account for the number of neutrons observed on June 1 if they were produced by thin-target interactions in the corona.
Pretransitional mechanical effects in a smectic- A liquid crystal

Marked pretransition softening is reported of the smectic layer elasticity near the weakly first-order smectic-$A$-nematic phase transition in $N\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{cyanobenzilidene}\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{octyloxyaniline}$ (CBOOA). In addition, it is demonstrated that CBOOA will not support a static layer strain. This new relaxation process is studied in detail.
A space telescope for infrared spectroscopy of earth-like planets

It is shown here that a space telescope of 16 m diameter, apodized in a new way, could image and measure oxygen n in the thermal infrared spectral of earthlike planets up to 4 pc away. The problems of visible light imaging for this case are discussed, and it is argued that imaging the thermal emission, with greatly reduced requirements for gain and hence surface accuracy, is preferable. The requirements for such imaging are discussed, including the apodization solution.
The Use of Bayes' Estimates in the Law of Comparative Judgment.

The use of Bayes' estimates for proportions in the Law of Comparative Judgment is suggested to avoid sample proportions of zero and one.
Paleoindian bison procurement and paleoenvironments in Middle Park of Colorado

The Upper Twin Mountain Site, located within a geologic slump scar at 2548 m altitude, provides significant information on Paleoindian bison procurement. As the highest known Paleoindian bison bone bed, the site contained the partial skeletal remains of at least 15 adult Late Pleistocene bison (B. antiquus), Goshen projectile points, and debitage. Radiocarbon dates of 10,240±70 and 10,470±50 yr B.P. place Upper Twin Mountain midway between the northern Plains Goshen and southern Plains Plainview sites. With a late fall or early winter mortality of the bison and the presence of only local stone, year round occupation of Middle Park is indicated. Analysis of the geology, soil, and pollen, from the archaeological and nonarchaeological deposits at the Upper Twin Mountain and elsewhere in the region are used to describe the paleoenvironmental conditions in Middle Park. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.