cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CD40L-Tri, a novel formulation of recombinant human CD40L that effectively activates B cells

CD40L has a well-established role in enhancing the immunostimulatory capacity of normal and malignant B cells, but a formulation suitable for clinical use has not been widely available. Like other TNF family members, in vivo and in vitro activity of CD40L requires a homotrimeric configuration, and growing evidence suggests that bioactivity depends on higher-order clustering of CD40. We generated a novel formulation of human recombinant CD40L (CD40L-Tri) in which the CD40L extracellular domain and a trimerization motif are connected by a long flexible peptide linker. We demonstrate that CD40L-Tri significantly expands normal CD19+ B cells by over 20- to 30-fold over 14 days and induces B cells to become highly immunostimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consistent with these results, CD40L-Tri-activated B cells could effectively stimulate antigen-specific T responses (against the influenza M1 peptide) from normal volunteers. In addition, CD40L-Tri could induce malignant B cells to become effective APCs, such that tumor-directed immune responses could be probed. Together, our studies demonstrate the potent immune-stimulatory effects of CD40L-Tri on B cells that enable their expansion of antigen-specific human T cells. The potent bioactivity of CD40L-Tri is related to its ability to self-multimerize, which may be facilitated by its long peptide linker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00262-012-1331-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Purification and properties of human-erythrocyte malic dehydrogenase.

Abstract 1. 1. A 3000-fold purification of malic dehydrogenase was obtained from the mature human erythrocyte. 2. 2. The effect of pH on activity was studied and the apparent Michaelis constants for the substrates and cofactors determined. The properties reported herein for the enzyme from the mature human erythrocyte corresponded closely to those reported by other investigators for malic dehydrogenase from other sources. 3. 3. The possibility is presented that the malic dehydrogenase isolated from the mature human erythrocyte may be the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme.
Quantum Theory of the Refractive Index

A slightly refined perturbation theory is used to obtain a unitary transformation which approximately diagonalizes the total Hamiltonian for a system made up of a radiation field in interaction with gas molecules. The dependence of the energy of the total system on the number of photons present gives the usual formula for the refractive index of a gas. The transformation is also applied to the field operators and it is shown that, within the approximations made, the phenomenological Maxwell equations are obeyed in the new representation as equations between certain matrix elements of operators. The transformed representation is also used to derive the Frank-Tamm formula for \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov radiation.
On Reading & Rereading Freud's Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis

STEVENMARCUS, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1974, is the George Delacorte Professor Emeritus in the Humanities at Columbia University. His books include Dickens, from Pickwick to Dombey (1965), The Other Victorians: A Study of Sexuality and Pornography in Mid-Nineteenth-Century England (1966), Engels, Manchester, and the Working Class (1974), and Freud and the Culture of Psychoanalysis: Studies in the Transition from Victorian Hu manism to Modernity (1984). I am going at least at 1⁄2rst to write autobiographically. My justi1⁄2cation for doing so is that I regard my experience as relatively typical and hence as bearing some fraction of non-negligible, if perhaps oblique, interest. I 1⁄2rst read Freud sixty-1⁄2ve years ago. I was eighteen years old, and the occasion arose in what was then offered in my intellectually conservative college as a new course. The subject was in the humanities, and it consisted of works selected from some of the many masters of midnineteenthand early-twentieth-century literature and thought. Included among them were such 1⁄2gures as Melville, Flaubert, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Henry and William James, George Bernard Shaw, D. H. Lawrence, Joyce, Proust, and Kafka. Inserted somewhere in the second half of the chronological list was Freud’s Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, which he originally delivered between 1915 and 1917.1 Hence the context in which Freud was presented, and presented himself, to my largely bewildered late-adolescent sensibility was that of Western cultural, intellectual, and literary modernism. It was an advantage, I believe, to have read him for the 1⁄2rst time among other immensely distinguished minds, writers who were in the course of radically departing from what had been generally accepted as canonical forms, conceptions, and conventions of representation–and of norms and values, includ ing the values of civilization and of life itself. Part of this advantage of reading and experiencing Freud as one cultural preeminence among others was
Connecting Leptin and Alzheimer Disease

JAMA Association of Plasma Leptin Levels With Incident Alzheimer Disease and MRI Measures of Brain Aging >Wolfgang Lieb, MD; Alexa S. Beiser, PhD; Ramachandran S. Vasan, MD; Zaldy S. Tan, MD; Rhoda Au, PhD; Tamara B. Harris, MD; Ronenn Roubenoff, MD, MHS; Sanford Auerbach, MD; Charles DeCarli, MD; Philip A. Wolf, MD; Sudha Seshadri, MD Context: The adipokine leptin facilitates long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, promotes β-amyloid clearance, and improves memory function in animal models of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective: To relate baseline circulating leptin concentrations in a community-based sample of individuals without dementia to incident dementia and AD during follow-up and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain aging in survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective study of plasma leptin concentrations measured in 785 persons without dementia (mean [SD] age, 79 [5] years; 62% female), who were in the Framingham original cohort at the 22nd examination cycle (1990-1994). A subsample of 198 dementia-free survivors underwent volumetric brain MRI between 1999 and 2005, approximately 7.7 years after leptin was assayed. Two measures of brain aging, total cerebral brain volume and temporal horn volume (which is inversely related to hippocampal volume) were assessed. Main Outcome Measure: Incidence of dementia and AD during follow-up until December 31, 2007. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range, 0-15.5 years), 111 participants developed incident dementia; 89 had AD. Higher leptin levels were associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and AD in multivariable models (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment in log leptin was 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.87] for all-cause dementia and 0.60 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.79] for AD). This corresponds to an absolute AD risk over a 12-year follow-up of 25% for persons in the lowest quartile (first quartile) vs 6% for persons in the fourth quartile of sex-specific leptin levels. In addition, a 1-SD elevation in plasma leptin level was associated with higher total cerebral brain volume and lower temporal horn volume, although the association of leptin level with temporal horn volume did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Circulating leptin was associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and AD and with cerebral brain volume in asymptomatic older adults. JAMA. 2009;302(23):2565-2572.
A unified framework for least square and mean square based adaptive filtering algorithms

This paper presents a unified framework for adaptive filters based on a line search method. Expressions for this unified framework are derived. Based on this framework new algorithms are derived, namely, diagonal Q-correlation matrix least square algorithm (DQLS), block diagonal Q-correlation matrix least square algorithm (BDQLS) and their reduced complexity variants. It is shown that both DQLS and BDQLS have less computational complexity compared to EDS and RLS, and better performance than LMS.
Turbulent free convection in a vertical slot

This paper is a continuation of the experimental study (Elder 1965), of free convection in a vertical slot, to unsteady and turbulent motion. The flow is specified by three dimensionless parameters: σ, the Prandtl number; h = H|L, the aspect ratio and , the Rayleigh number. The present experiments are generally for σ = 7 (water), h = 10–30 and A > 106.For A above about 8 × 108S|h3, travelling, wave-like motions grow up the hot wall of the slot and also down the cold wall. These waves grow most readily mid-way between the two ends. At higher values of the Rayleigh number when the wave amplitude is finite, the phase of successive wave fronts becomes increasingly random till near A = 1·0 × 1010|h3 an intense entrainment and mixing process commences between the wall region and the interior. The middle portion of the interior is then turbulent, the extent of the region growing further toward the ends as A increases.Measurements of the mean temperature and the probability distribution of temperature fluctuations of the turbulent flow are reported. Except within the thin wall layers and distant form the ends, the interior has a mean temperature, uniform to within 0·1%, superimposed on which is a nearly Gaussian fluctuation-field of variance of order 0·01ΔT. A comparison is made with recent theories of turbulent convection; moderate agreement is found with the similarity ideas of Priestley (1959). The wall layer is seen as a marginally unstable sublayer.
Wizard of Oz interfaces for mixed reality applications

One important tool for developing complex interactive applications is "Wizard of Oz "(WOz)simulation.WOz simulation allows design concepts,content and partially completed applications to be tested on users without the need to first create a completely working system.In this paper we discuss the integration of wizard interface tools into a Mixed Reality (MR)design environment and show how easier creation and evolution of wizard interfaces can lead to an expanded role for WOz-based testing during the design evolution of MR experiences.We share our experiences designing an audio experience in an historic site,and illustrate the evolution of the wizard interfaces alongside the user experience
A Comparison of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Among Hispanic Versus Non-Hispanic Workers in the United States:

This article investigates the trends and changes in patterns of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses among Hispanic workers versus non-Hispanic minority workers in the United States between...
High-performance interconnects: an integration overview

The Information Revolution and enabling era of silicon ultralarge-scale integration (ULSI) have spawned an ever-increasing level of functional integration on-chip, driving a need for greater circuit density and higher performance. While traditional transistor scaling has thus far met this challenge, interconnect scaling has become the performance-limiting factor for new designs. The increasing influence of interconnect parasitics on crosstalk noise and R(L)C delay as well as electromigration and power dissipation concerns have stimulated the introduction of low-resistivity copper and low-permittivity (k) dielectrics to provide performance and reliability enhancement. Integration of these new materials into integrated circuit fabrication is a formidable task, requiring material, process, design, and packaging innovations. Additionally, entirely new technologies such as RF and optical interconnects may be required to address future global routing needs and sustain performance improvement.
FNV: light-weight flash-based network and pathway viewer

Motivation: Network diagrams are commonly used to visualize biochemical pathways by displaying the relationships between genes, proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, metabolites, regulatory DNA elements, diseases, viruses and drugs. While there are several currently available web-based pathway viewers, there is still room for improvement. To this end, we have developed a flash-based network viewer (FNV) for the visualization of small to moderately sized biological networks and pathways. Summary: Written in Adobe ActionScript 3.0, the viewer accepts simple Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted input files to display pathways in vector graphics on any web-page providing flexible layout options, interactivity with the user through tool tips, hyperlinks and the ability to rearrange nodes on the screen. FNV was utilized as a component in several web-based systems, namely Genes2Networks, Lists2Networks, KEA, ChEA and PathwayGenerator. In addition, FVN can be used to embed pathways inside pdf files for the communication of pathways in soft publication materials. Availability: FNV is available for use and download along with the supporting documentation and sample networks at http://www.maayanlab.net/FNV. Contact: avi.maayan@mssm.edu
Effects of vitamin B12 on diethylstilbestrol and thyroprotein action in male rats.

SummaryThe effects of crystalline vit. B12 on several actions of diethylstilbestrol and thyroprotein were determined in 100 young male albino rats. Diethylstilbestrol and thyroprotein were incorporated into the ration in amounts of 0.10 and 0.16% respectively, and vit. B12 was injected subcutaneously in doses of 0.2 or 0.4 fig daily. Vit. B12 partially counteracted the growth-retarding action of these two hormones when given individually or together, and also increased food consumption. The vitamins did not alter the ability of diethylstilbestrol or thyroprotein to depress testes weight or the ability of the former to increase the weight of the seminal vesicles.Addendum. Further data obtained since this manuscript was submitted indicate that vit. B12 probably does not alter the turnover of thyroprotein in the rat. The increase in the basal metabolism of rats given thyroprotein was found to be unaffected by vit. B12 administration.
High temperature compatible aluminum nitride resonating strain sensor

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for harsh environment sensing applications due to its piezoelectric effect and mechanical stability at high temperatures. In this work, AlN double-ended tuning forks (DETF) are presented as a transduction element to measure mechanical loads by observing the resonance frequency shift. The fabrication process of the MEMS devices including the bonding step to a steel parallel is described. Device operation is demonstrated for strain sensing up to 91 °C and operation of the transducer without applied strain is demonstrated up to 570 °C.
Intercultural Human Resource Management: South Korea And The United States

The southern region of the United States has been recruiting South Korean firms to locate their manufacturing operations there. Alabama and Georgia have been successful in recruiting Hyundai and Kia to build automotive manufacturing plants, and in attracting first and second-tier suppliers as well, providing an estimated 4,000 jobs to the area. The mix of foreign and domestic employees and diverse human resource practices presents both opportunities and challenges. As indicated by Hofstede (1991), management practices and values differ from country to country due to each nation’s unique culture and traditions. Hofstede (1991, 2001) provides a framework for examining the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States. Additionally, Hargittay and Kleiner (2005) posit that the cultural norms in Korea have been heavily influenced by Confucianism, while in the United States people have been influenced by the Protestant work ethic. These cultural differences impact the following organizational behavior and human resource management issues: leadership styles, organizational structure, organizational communication, recruitment and hiring practices, job security, and performance appraisal.
Estimation of rate-distortion bounds for compression of ambulatory ECGs

The theoretical rate-distortion bounds for compression of ambulatory electrocardiograms (ECGs) are presented. These bounds estimate the minimum data rate for coding the ECG signal with a given mean-square-error distortion relative to ECGs recorded with a 100-Hz bandwidth. The rate-distortion bounds are calculated from the average power spectrum of an arrhythmia database. The calculations indicate that average coding distortions on the order of 15 mu V RMS are required for storage of 24 h of two-channel ECG in 4 MB. The ECG can be stored with average distortions on the order of 11 mu V when average beats are subtracted before compression. Average beat subtraction reduces the data rate necessary for storage by approximately 100 b/s regardless of distortion level. >
A Case Study Comparison of Charter and Traditional Schools in New Orleans Recovery School District Selection Criteria and Service Provision for Students With Disabilities

In post-Katrina New Orleans, Louisiana, there is a growing concentration of charter schools. The Recovery School District (RSD) has oversight of the majority of these schools. To explore charges from community advocates that RSD charter schools restricted admission and provided inadequate services for students with disabilities, the following questions were asked: Were students with disabilities admitted equally to charter and traditional schools in New Orleans? and How were the services for students with disabilities the same or different in charter and traditional schools? A case study research design that included both traditional and charter RSD schools was used. Data were gathered through examination of relevant reports from school entities and popular media. Additional data were gathered through interviews with district personnel and traditional school, charter school, and community disabilities advocates. Analysis of resultant themes indicated evidence of selective practices as well as differences ...
A superconducting linear motor drive for a positive displacement bellows pump for use in the g-2 cryogenics system

Forced two-phase cooling of indirectly cooled superconducting magnets requires circulation of liquid helium through the magnet cooling channel. A bellows helium pump is one possible way of providing helium flow to a magnet cooling system. Since the bellows type of helium pump is immersed in liquid helium, a superconducting linear motor drive appears to be an attractive option. This report describes a linear motor drive that employs oriented permanent magnet materials such as samarium-cobalt as the stator magnet system and a superconducting loudspeaker voice coil type of drive as the armature of the linear motor. This report examines drive motor requirements for a helium pump. >
Coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum Alters Borrelia burgdorferi Population Distribution in C3H/HeN Mice

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human anaplasmosis, are both transmitted by Ixodes sp. ticks and may occasionally coinfect a host. The population distributions of tick-transmitted B. burgdorferi infection were assessed using quantitative PCR targeting the flaB gene of B. burgdorferi in the ear, heart base, quadriceps muscle, skin, and tibiotarsal joint tissue of C3H mice previously infected with A. phagocytophilum. Population distributions of Anaplasma infection were assessed by targeting the p44 gene. A. phagocytophilum in blood and serologic response to both agents were evaluated. Spirochete numbers were increased in the ears, heart base, and skin of coinfected mice, but Anaplasma numbers remained constant. Antibody response to A. phagocytophilum, but not B. burgdorferi, was decreased in coinfected mice. These results suggest that coinfection with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi modulates pathogen burden and host antibody responses. This may be explained by the ability of A. phagocytophilum to functionally impair neutrophils, important cells in the early defense against B. burgdorferi infection.
Sensors as tools for quantitation, nanotoxicity and nanomonitoring assessment of engineered nanomaterials

The discovery of fullerenes in 1985 has ushered in an explosive growth in the applications of engineered nanomaterials and consumer products. Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being incorporated into a range of commercial products such as consumer electronics, cosmetics, imaging and sensors. Nanomaterials offer new possibilities for the development of novel sensing and monitoring technologies. Nanosensors can be classified under two main categories: (i) Nanotechnology-enabled sensors or sensors that are themselves nanoscale or have nanoscale materials or components, and (ii) Nanoproperty-quantifiable sensors or sensors that are used to measure nanoscale properties. The first category can eventually result in lower material cost, reduced weight and energy consumption. The second category can enhance our understanding of the potential toxic effects of emerging pollutants from nanomaterials including fullerenes, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes. Despite the enormous literatures and reviews on Category I sensors, there are few sensors to measure nanoscale properties or sensors belonging to Category II. This class of nanosensors is an area of critical interest to nanotoxicology, detection and risk assessment, as well as for monitoring of environmental and/or biological exposure. This article discusses emerging fields of nanotoxicology and nanomonitoring including the challenges of characterizing engineered nanomaterials and the potentials of combining existing analytical techniques with conventional cytotoxicity methods. Two case studies are provided for development of Category II nanosensors for fullerene nanoparticles and quantum dots. One highlights the uniqueness of a portable, dissolved oxygen electrochemical sensor arrays capable of detecting the ENMs as well as provide rapid nanotoxicological information. This review has shown that addressing the complex and critical issues surrounding the environmental transformation and toxicity of ENMs must be accompanied by the creation of new approaches or further developments of existing instrumentation.
Failure Analysis and Simulation Evaluation of an Al 6061 Alloy Wheel Hub

This paper details the failure analysis of a wheel hub from a student designed Formula SAE® race car that fractured at the roots of the rim finger attachment region. The wheel hub was identified to be manufactured from a rolled Al 6061 alloy. The experimental characterization included fracture surface analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy, as well as compressive stress–strain testing and micro-hardness testing to determine its mechanical properties. Analysis of the fractured surfaces of the hub revealed beach marks and striations, suggesting a fatigue failure. A kinematic model was developed to determine wheel hub loadings as defined by the car driving history. Detailed loads calculated from a kinematic equilibrium model and material properties obtained from the experiment results were used in a finite element model to simulate the stress distribution and fatigue life of the wheel hub. The wheel simulation results were consistent with the failure mode determined from the fractography study.
Oligomerization of the Human Thyrotropin Receptor FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-TAGGED hTSHR REVEALS POST-TRANSLATIONAL COMPLEXES

To examine thyrotropin (TSH) receptor homophilic interactions we fused the human TSH receptor (hTSHR) carboxyl terminus to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the corresponding chimeric cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fluorescent TSH receptors on the plasma membrane were functional as assessed by TSH-induced cAMP synthesis. The binding of TSH, as well as TSHR autoantibodies, induced time- and dose-dependent receptor capping. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between receptors differentially tagged with GFP variants (RFP and YFP) provided evidence for the close proximity of individual receptor molecules. This was consistent with previous studies demonstrating the presence of TSHR dimers and oligomers in thyroid tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFP-tagged and Myc-tagged receptor complexes was performed using doubly transfected cells with Myc antibody. Western blotting of the immunoprecipitated complex revealed the absence of noncleaved TSH holoreceptors. This further suggested that cleavage of the holoreceptor into its two-subunit structure, comprising disulfide-linked TSHR-α and TSHR-β subunits, was required for the formation of TSHR dimers and higher order complexes.
Symbols and investments as signals: Courtship behaviors in adolescent sexual relationships:

Both structural and cultural arguments suggest that extensive relationship-building behaviors are a precursor to the onset of sexual intercourse. This research develops and tests a game-theoretic signaling framework, which suggests that the association between courtship behaviors and the onset of sexual intercourse should reflect selection effects. To test this framework empirically, this research utilized the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994–1996) and estimated probit and recursive bivariate probit models of sexual intercourse. The results showed support for the signaling framework. Extensive use of courtship behaviors was associated with sexual intercourse, but this association reflected the effects of selectivity. However, extensive courtship was more associated with sexual intercourse when adolescents did not know one another well prior to the start of their romantic relationships. These findings suggest that selectivity associated with signaling theory can complement models of c...
A finite element formulation for coupling rigid and flexible body dynamics of rotating beams

Abstract The work presented in this paper is based on an existing comprehensive formulation for rotating flexible systems. In the existing formulation the flexible degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) are represented by an analytically computed modal basis and the coupling matrices between the rigid- and the flexible-body d.o.f. are developed based on the analytical modal representation of the flexible d.o.f. In this paper, the existing formulation is generalized for rotating beams by representing the flexible d.o.f. either as physical d.o.f. of a finite element formulation or as a set of retained and internal d.o.f. of a Craig–Bampton formulation. The coupling matrices between the rigid-body rotation and the flexible d.o.f. are developed accordingly. The non-linear effects from the work done by the centrifugal forces are included in the formulation. Finite element shape functions of a beam element in a three-dimensional space and finite element shape functions for solid elements are employed for deriving the coupling terms between the rigid-body d.o.f. and the physical d.o.f. An additional transformation is required and performed when the right-body d.o.f. are coupled with the internal and the retained d.o.f. of a Craig–Bampton formulation. The coupled system of equations is solved in the time domain by combining the Newmark method for time integration and the Newton–Raphson method for solving the non-linear system of equations within each time step. Analyses are performed for a flexible rotating beam in order to validate the development. An analytical solution is compared with the new formulations that represent the rotating beam flexibility with the physical d.o.f. of beam or solid elements. The analytical solution is also compared to the formulation that represents the flexible d.o.f. in terms of retained and internal d.o.f. of a Craig–Bampton formulation. Very good correlation between the analytical and numerical results is observed.
Television news information gain from interesting video vs. talking heads

Information gain was greater from news stories shown with interesting video than from news stories shown with a talking head when the video did not convey facts of the story.
Iron and immunity

Iron is involved in many aspects of the immune response. When foreign organisms invade the body, iron is sequestered through a variety of steps involving components of the immune system, making it unavailable to the invading organism. Iron binding proteins such as lactoferrin are involved in the immune response, and iron-containing enzymes are released from cells of the immune system and exhibit destructive activity against foreign antigens. Aberrant states of iron metabolism produce changes in immunity. These include iron overload, iron deficiency, and diseases of iron metabolism such as thalassemia or idiopathic hemochromatosis. This review examines the role of iron in infection, changes in immunity resulting from iron overload or iron deficiency, and the relationship between iron and cancer.
Diffusion coefficients of glucose and ethanol in cell‐free and cell‐occupied calcium alginate membranes

The diffusivities of glucose and ethanol in cell-free and cell-occupied membranes of calcium alginate were measured in a diffusion cell. The lag time analysis was used. Diffusivities decreased with increasing alginate concentration and were comparable with those in water for a 2% alginate membrane. Glucose and ethanol concentrations had no effect on the respective diffusion coefficients. The ratio of ethanol diffusivity to glucose diffusivity in 2 and 4% alginate agreed closely with the inverse ratio of the hydrodynamic raii for the two molecules in water, indicating that the hydrodynamic theory of diffusion in liquids may be applicable to diffusion in dilute alginate gels. Also, the presence of 20% dead yeast cells had no effect on the diffusivities. The data reported can be used to study reaction and diffusion in immobilized cell reactors and cell physiology under immobilized conditions.
An accurate and low-frequency stable discretization scheme for the electric field integral equation using the Generalized Method of Moments

In this work we have extended the applicability of the GMM to a wide range of arbitrary geometries. The basis functions show excellent approximation qualities for the current, its curl and its divergence. In addition, the use of the surface Helmholtz decomposition results in a well conditioned system of equations over a wide range of frequencies. Future work is directed at fully utilizing these two advantages to the analysis of multi-scale geometries and a wide array of practical problems.
Allergic Interstitial Nephritis Manifesting as a Striated Nephrogram

Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an underdiagnosed cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Guidelines suggest that AIN should be suspected in a patient who presents with an elevated serum creatinine and a urinalysis that shows white cells, white cell casts, or eosinophiluria. Drug-induced AIN is suspected if AKI is temporally related to the initiation of a new drug. However, patients with bland sediment and normal urinalysis can also have AIN. Currently, a definitive diagnosis of AIN is made by renal biopsy which is invasive and fraught with risks such as bleeding, infection, and hematoma. Additionally, it is frequently unclear when a kidney biopsy should be undertaken. We describe a biopsy proven case of allergic interstitial nephritis which manifested on contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a striated nephrogram. Newer and more stable macrocyclic gadolinium contrast agents have a well-demonstrated safety profile. Additionally, in the presentation of AKI, gadolinium contrast agents are safe to administer in patients who demonstrate good urine output and a downtrending creatinine. We propose that the differential for a striated nephrogram may include AIN. In cases in which the suspicion for AIN is high, this diagnostic consideration may be further characterized by contrast enhanced MRI.
Drinking-driving as a component of problem driving and problem behavior in young adults.

Objective: This study replicated and extended a conceptual model of drinking-driving and its relationship to other problem behavior to determine (1) if the model characterized the problem driving and problem behavior of young adults from the general population and (2) if the model applied to women as well as to men. Method: Telephone survey data (measures of drinking-driving, drug-driving, risky driving, problem drinking, drug use and delinquent behavior) collected from young adults (N = 4,230, 53% female) were used in structural equation modeling. Two models were developed--one for problem driving and one for problem behavior--each testing the structural associations among latent variables and testing them as latent indicators of common second-order latent variables. Results: The results supported the hypothesis that drinking-driving (along with problem drinking, drug use and delinquent behavior) is an indicator of problem behavior in the general population sample. Also, drinking-driving, drug-driving an...
Attorneys’ Use of Hegemonic Tales and Subversive Stories in the Presentation of Capital Mitigation:

It has been theorized that American culture is so individualistic that it compels defense attorneys in capital cases to rely upon and reinforce the very individualism that sustains the death penalty. Yet, stories also have the potential to be subversive, and because mitigation is specifically designed to present a contextualized view of a defendant and his or her social history, mitigation seems especially poised to offer a challenge to the hegemonic worldview that privileges individualistic causal explanations. Yet, the subversive potential of capital mitigation has never been examined. This study attempts to bridge this gap in the literature by analyzing eight mitigation cases from Delaware. The results confirm that while defense attorneys do utilize and reinforce individualistic causal explanations, most of them also attempted contextualizing stories that subverted the dominant cultural narrative, indicating that capital mitigation is an arena of social contest where both hegemonic and subversive stori...
Using AHRQ's evidence-based reports to improve managed care pharmacy practice: oral antidiabetic agents.

Managed care pharmacists are faced daily with choices regarding how to deliver the best care with finite resources. Whether it is through encouraging appropriate utilization of medications via formulary management and drug utilization evaluation or through chronic diseasemanagement programs, pharmacists are guiding patient care with effectiveness, quality, and an eye toward value. It is with these goals in mind that pharmacists can benefit from the research produced by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Saving the Income Tax with a Wealth Tax

The income tax has been criticized for, among other things, largely failing to tax the return to capital despite an extraordinarily complex statutory scheme designed to do so. Recent literature has shown the only thing on which an income tax is able to impose a burden that the consumption tax does not is the risk-free return to capital. Scholars have used this relationship to support a consumption tax. I use it as the basis of support for supplementing an income tax with a wealth tax. I first defend the model demonstrating the relationship between income and consumption taxes against criticisms that it fails to take into account real-world variations from a normative income tax and likely taxpayer behavior. I argue that if it is impossible for a normative income tax to impose a tax burden on the return to risk (where taxpayers make the appropriate portfolio adjustments), it is inappropriate to do so only in the limited cases where taxpayers are unable to deduct losses, for example, or where taxpayers do not make portfolio adjustments. The current income tax imposes a burden on the return to risk in a completely arbitrary way. The burden imposed by an income tax on the return to capital is equivalent to an ex ante wealth tax levied on the taxpayer's wealth at a rate equal to the nominal income tax rate times the risk-free rate of return. I argue that it would be simpler and more equitable to append this low rate wealth tax to a consumption tax. I rebut several criticisms of an ex ante wealth tax and discuss several implementation problems. I consider the possibility that valuation and liquidity problems would plague a wealth tax as they do the income tax and therefore evaluate two realization-based wealth taxes. I conclude that an income imputation method based on historical costs sacrifices too much accuracy for simplicity. A wealth tax using a retrospective approach, however, is equivalent to a normative income tax. Finally, I explore the case for supplementing a consumption tax with a wealth tax. I reject the equality-versus-savers argument as being dispositive, particularly where the saver dies without spending or transfers the consumption. I argue that the value of wealth beyond consumption creates an additional ability to contribute to the fisc that could be captured by a wealth tax. I also examine whether under civic republican theories, there exists a responsibility to pay taxes and the implications of this for a consumption tax.
Preparation and adsorption properties of aerocellulose-derived activated carbon monoliths

Activated carbon was prepared from cellulose-based aerogel (aerocellulose) monoliths by carbonization and subsequent CO2 activation. The monolithic structure of the as-synthesized aerocellulose was retained during the carbonization and activation processes. The as-synthesized aerocellulose monolith was mainly mesoporous with well-developed surface area, large total pore volume, with only moderate CO2 uptake. In order to enhance CO2 adsorption, microporosity of carbonized aerocellulose was increased upon CO2 activation. The resulting activated carbon showed an enhanced specific surface area of ~750 m2 g−1, total pore volume of 0.43 cm3 g−1, and volume of micropores (pore widths <2 nm) of ~0.27 cm3 g−1. Activation of carbonized aerocellulose resulted in about five-fold increase in the specific surface area and over 27-fold increase in the volume of micropores as compared to the as-synthesized material. The resulting activated carbon showed excellent adsorption properties toward CO2 reaching 5.8 mmol g−1 of CO2 at 0 °C and 1 atm and 3.7 mmol g−1 of CO2 at 25 °C and 1.2 atm. High microporosity and surface area of the activated aerocellulose-derived carbon combined with its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and good thermal stability makes this material beneficial for CO2 capture at ambient temperatures.
Biochemical Methane Potential of Wastes Generated During Long Term Lunar Mission

The National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) is considering manned long term exploratory missions to moon in the near future. Waste treatment and removal for missions to moon will be a challenge due to the longer mission duration. The present studies highlights the importance of a technology called ‘Anaerobic Digestion’ which not only reduces the wastes on the Lunar surface, but may provide significant fuel out of it during a year of exploration. Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that converts organic matter to biogas (which is mixture of 50-70% methane and rest carbon dioxide) through the concerted action of a syntrophic group of microorganisms under anaerobic (oxygen free) condition. Biochemical methane potential is a measure of sample biodegradability and measures methane generation potential under anaerobic digestion conditions. This study aimed to evaluate biochemical methane potentials of the individual components in lunar waste stream at thermophilic conditions, to determine extent and rate of bioconversion. Human waste and food waste demonstrated highest methane potential of 0.856 and 0.481 l/g at STP and complete biodegradability. Paper, cotton and clothing also showed good methane potentials and biodegradability. Other components such as packaging materials, wipes, grey tapes etc did not degrade. Methane from anaerobic digestion of waste generated from a years mission of a 4-person crew could provide 23% of the fuel required for LOX/methane engines in lunar ascent vehicle.
Class and Conformity: The Case of Political Socialization

Recent studies of political socialization have failed to find a relationship between socioeconomic origins and the political orientations of American youth (Braungart, 1971; Dunlap, 1970;Tygart and Holt, 1971). This has come as a surprise, especially to those who hypothesize a class basis for political ideologies (See Orum and Cohen, 1973: 63, for example), and yet the finding has occurred with enough consistency that some confidence can be placed in its validity. While explanations for political orientations based on socioeconomic origin have received little recent empirical support, explanations based on the influence of parents have been relatively successful (Westby and Braungart, 1966; Jennings and Niemi, 1968; Thomas, 1971). When both parents' political orientation and socioeconomic status are included as predictors of the political orientation of students, the results have shown that the influence of parents exists while the effect of socioeconomic status does not (Braungart, 1971; Dunlap, 1970). As Braungart (1971: 127) concludes: "Such findings indicate that the study of student politics in the past has overemphasized social class as being one of the most crucial determiners of democratic family socialization and student political group membership or identification when, in fact, this may not be the case." That parents have a strong influence on the political ideas of their children is not an unexpected finding. Parents are the earliest reference group an individual looks to for cues to correct behavior. In daily communication a parent transmits a particular set of values to his child, among which are included political ideologies. Consequently, the first political orientations a person is exposed to are those of his parents. By the time an individual meets other people, forms peer groups, and regards others as significant reference groups, his own political orientation has already begun to develop. Easton and Dennis (1967) studied the acquisition of political norms among 12,000 children between the ages of seven and thirteen. They found that political
Total Face, Eyelids, Ears, Scalp, and Skeletal Subunit Transplant Research Procurement: A Translational Simulation Model.

Background Cadaveric face transplant models are routinely used for technical allograft design, perfusion assessment, and transplant simulation but are associated with substantial limitations. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of implementing a translational donor research facial procurement and solid organ allograft recovery model. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained, and a 49-year-old, brain-dead donor was identified for facial vascularized composite allograft research procurement. The family generously consented to donation of solid organs and the total face, eyelids, ears, scalp, and skeletal subunit allograft. Results The successful sequence of computed tomographic scanning, fabrication and postprocessing of patient-specific cutting guides, tracheostomy placement, preoperative fluorescent angiography, silicone mask facial impression, donor facial allograft recovery, postprocurement fluorescent angiography, and successful recovery of kidneys and liver occurred without any donor instability. Preservation of the bilateral external carotid arteries, facial arteries, occipital arteries, and bilateral thyrolinguofacial and internal jugular veins provided reliable and robust perfusion to the entirety of the allograft. Total time of facial procurement was 10 hours 57 minutes. Conclusions Essential to clinical face transplant outcomes is the preparedness of the institution, multidisciplinary face transplant team, organ procurement organization, and solid organ transplant colleagues. A translational facial research procurement and solid organ recovery model serves as an educational experience to modify processes and address procedural, anatomical, and logistical concerns for institutions developing a clinical face transplantation program. This methodical approach best simulates the stressors and challenges that can be expected during clinical face transplantation. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, V.
Deactivation of CFTR-Cl conductance by endogenous phosphatases in the native sweat duct

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a phosphorylation-activated Cl channel. However, very little is known about the endogenous mechanism(s) of deactivation of CFTR-Cl conductance (CFTR-G Cl ) in vivo. We studied the action of endogenous phosphatases in regulation of the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)- and ATP-induced CFTR-G Cl in the apical membrane of microperfused preparations of basolaterally permeabilized native sweat duct. Activation of CFTR-G Cl was monitored by measuring the apical Cl diffusion potentials and G Cl , which spontaneously deactivated on removal of cAMP. This spontaneous loss of CFTR-G Cl activity could be prevented by a cocktail of phosphatase inhibitors (fluoride, vanadate, and okadaic acid). We studied the effects of each of these phosphatase antagonists on the rate of deactivation of CFTR-G Cl after cAMP washout. In contrast to vanadate or fluoride, okadaic acid virtually prevented deactivation of CFTR-G Cl after cAMP washout. We conclude that either or both protein phosphatases 1 and 2A are responsible for the dephosphorylation deactivation of CFTR-G Cl in vivo.
Regulation of cAMP metabolism by PGE2 in cortical and medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

We have examined the regulation by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of hormone-induced adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in cells isolated by immunodissection from both the medullary ...
Umformung der Parabelgleichung

Wenn die allgemeine Gl. (1) in § 62 eine Parabel darstellt, dann ist B 2−4AC =0, dann ist nach den Gl. (6) jenes Paragraphen eine Verschiebung des Koordinatensystems nach dem Mittelpunkte ausgeschlossen. Wir haben in § 35 die besondere Gleichungsform y = ax 2 + bx + c der Parabel ausfuhrlich besprochen. Durch eine passende Drehung des Koordinatensystems mus diese Form gefunden werden konnen.
Perception: Cause and Achievement

Recently Ryle, Hamlyn, White and other analytic philosophers have directly or indirectly challenged the rationality of the psychologist’s aim to construct explanatory theories of perception. Hamlyn has reviewed various psychological theories and programs in considerable detail, White and Ryle have not, at least not in print. But the criticisms of the latter of well known philosophical analyses of ‘perception’ apply and have been applied to psychological theories as well. These critiques raise diverse philosophical and metaphilosophical issues; I will attend only to those which bear upon the assessment of the psychologist’s aim and try to defend it against its critics.