cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Life Cycle of an Immigrant Institution in Hawaii: The Family

T HE students of social institutions are concerned primarily with the problems of how best to conceive in objective terms the continuity of an institution. Implicit in the concept of continuity of an institution is the idea of change and functional efficacy, for the survival of an institution depends to a large measure on its ability to adjust itself to ever changing environing conditions. Normally the adjustment of an institution to changing situations takes place rather slowly, but in a crisis situation, such as brought about by the present war or by long distance migration, an institution undergoes a radical and, quite frequently, a cataclysmic change. The institutional change can, therefore, be measured and described quite objectively. It is the aim of this paper to describe and analyze the processes of institutional transition-the break down of the old and the emergence of a new equilibrium. Specifically, it purports to show how the traditional Japanese family modifies its organization as it responds to economic, cultural, and moral forces at work in Hawaii. A comprehensive study of institutional transition requires a knowledge of what the institution was prior to its modification, and an understanding of the relevant factors which, by interacting with the traditional values, produce a new structure. A knowledge of the former gives a basis for an orderly description of the changes in institutional structure; a knowledge of the latter provides a conceptual framework for a systematic description of the available facts of changing institutional behavior patterns.
SAT0248 Biologic Therapy Improves the Number of Patients Who Maintain Employment and Improves Their Overall Function

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that causes significant disability impacts health related quality of life and is a major economic burden. Many studies have shown RA to be associated with absenteeism, job loss, and impairment in work productivity. Biologic therapies have improved the management of RA through marked reductions in the manifestations of RA and improvement of function. Objectives A cross sectional survey was carried out using our biologics database to evaluate the impact of biologics on employment in a cohort of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A patient-self-reported questionnaire was developed in conjuction with a patient expert group to assess the work status at the onset of their disease, onset of biological treatment and current work status. Time from diagnosis to first biologic was evaluated, as was smoking status. Patients were also asked about the current impact of RA on their life and how biologic therapy had improved their arthritis. Patients were randomly chosen to receive this questionaire. Results Of the 100 questionnaires distributed, 93 were completed and returned. 27% were male, and 22.5% were current smokers. The mean time from diagnosis to first biologic was 8 years. At diagnosis, 46% were in full-time employment, 26% part-time employment, 15% were retired, and 10% were unable to work due to rheumatoid arthritis or other medical condition. At the start of biologic therapy, 29% were in full time employment, 19% in part time employment, 28% were retired, and 21.5% were unable to work due to RA. At present, 29% remain in full time employment, 23% in part time employment, 31% retired, and only 13% were unable to work due to RA. 53% reported that their arthritis was much better since starting their biologic, and 38% said their arthritis was better. Patients in full time employment had a shorter time before first biologic (mean 6 years), patients unable to work due to their arthritis had a longer time to their first biologic (10.1 years). Conclusions Patients with RA who received biologic therapy remained in full or part time employment and the number of patients unable to work was reduced. Patient satisfaction with their health state also improved with biologic therapy. Earlier biologic therapy improves their ability to retain employment. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1877
Zeta Electric Potential of Oilfield Wastewater in Flocculation Process

Investigated the influence of pH value, inorganic coagulants, organic macromolecule flocculants, combined action of inorganic coagulants and organic macromolecule flocculants on the Zeta electric potential of fracture and acidified wastewater from Sichuan oilfield. Results show that wastewater should be treated in acid condition; polyferric silicate sulfate and cationic organic macromolecule flocculant bring Zeta electric potential positive shift remarkably; when used together, it is preferable to add inorganic coagulant first, and then organic flocculant.
Detection of Wx-mq Gene for Low-amylose Content by Tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR in Rice

To improve the efficiency of selection for Wx-mq gene in breeding,we designed specific primers by tetraprimer Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR(ARMS-PCR) method,according to the single nucleotide mutation in Wx-mq gene to analyze 12 rice varieties(or lines) and the F2 segregation population derived from the cross of low-amylose content variety Kanto 194(with Wx-mq gene) and normal variety Wuyujing 3(without Wx-mq gene).The results of PCR detection indicated that three genotypes including the homozygous genotype with Wx-mq,the homozygous genotype without Wx-mq and the heterozygous genotype could be clearly distinguished according to band types,and it was completely consistent with the result of phenotypic analysis.Therefore,as a simple and low-cost technique,the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR could be widely used to identify rice resources with Wx-mq gene and applied in molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Density Measurements for Ethane, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane + Nitrogen Mixtures from 300 to 470 K up to 137 MPa Using a Vibrating Tube Densimeter

This paper presents experimental p–ρ–T measurements for nitrogen + methane mixtures containing approximately 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mole fraction methane at T = 300, 350, 400, and 470 K with p = 10–137 MPa. Methane, nitrogen, and argon are used as calibration fluids, and measurements on carbon dioxide and ethane verify the calibration methodology. An error contribution analysis indicates that the expanded uncertainty (95% confidence limit) is 0.1 kg·m–3 for densities lower than 200 kg·m–3 and 0.0005·ρ for higher densities. The GERG-2008 equation of state describes the measurements for all three mixtures to within ±0.0015·ρ with the largest deviations occurring at the highest pressures.
Federal Taxation in America: A History

This authoritative and readable survey is a comprehensive historical overview of federal taxation and fiscal policy in the United States, extending from the era of the American Revolution to the present day. Brownlee relates the principal stages of federal taxation to the crises that led to their adoption, including but not limited to: the formation of the republic, the Civil War, World War I and II, and the challenges to government that took hold during the 1980s. In this third edition, Brownlee adds four new chapters covering the colonial era, the American Revolution, the Civil War, the 1920s, and the post-1945 era including the tax policies of the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. It features expanded discussion of government expenditures, deficits and debt, public resources, counter-cyclical fiscal policy, and state and local taxation. Its interdisciplinary interpretation makes it perfect for scholars, graduate students and advanced undergraduate students.
Forecasting lionfish sources and sinks in the Atlantic: are Gulf of Mexico reef fisheries at risk?

Invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) now permeate the entire tropical western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, but lionfish abundance has been measured only in select locations in the field. Despite its rapid range expansion, a comprehensive meta-population analysis of lionfish ‘sources’ and ‘sinks’ and consequentially the invader’s potential abundance and impacts on economically important, sympatric reef fishes have not been assessed. These data are urgently needed to spatially direct control efforts and to plan for and perhaps mitigate lionfish-caused damage. Here, we use a biophysical computer model to: (1) forecast larval lionfish sources and sinks that are also delineated as low to high lionfish ‘density zones’ throughout their invaded range, and (2) assess the potential vulnerability of five grouper and snapper species—Epinephelus morio, Mycteroperca microlepis, Epinephelus flavolimbatus, Lutjanus campechanus, and Rhomboplites aurorubens—to lionfish within these density zones in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results suggest that the west Florida shelf and nearshore waters of Texas, USA, and Guyana, South America, function both as lionfish sources and sinks and should be a high priority for targeted lionfish control. Furthermore, of the five groupers and snappers studied, the high fishery value E. morio (red grouper) is the Gulf of Mexico species most at risk from lionfish. Lacking a comprehensive lionfish control policy, these risk exposure data inform managers where removals should be focused and demonstrate the risk to five sympatric native groupers and snappers in the Gulf of Mexico that may be susceptible to dense lionfish aggregations, should control efforts fail.
A teoria da dependência como matriz para um diálogo latino-americano

Este ensaio procura recuperar a “teoria da dependencia” como uma matriz para pensarmos o continente latino-americano tanto em sua parte lusofona como hispânica. Um debate que preza o dialogo e articula tanto o nacional como o continental e o global, os desenvolvimentos culturais pensados em torno da nocao de dependencia podem ser uma maneira para se combater a divisao historica que separa as historias intelectuais do Brasil e de seus vizinhos; uma divisao que foi apontada por Julio Schwartz em seu ensaio “Abaixo Tordesilhas!”. A partir dos dois desenvolvimentos culturais mais conhecidos deste debate, “As ideias fora do lugar”, de Roberto Schwarz, e “colonialidade do poder”, de Anibal Quijano, discuto as possibilidades que o estudo comparativo de modelos teoricos abre para que repensemos nossas matrizes nacionais de formas mais inclusivas. Isto e, ao compararmos modelos teoricos pensados para o Brasil e o Peru precisamos repensar, diante dos diferentes contextos, certas enfases e insights que pareciam logicos em nosso contexto particular mas que sao desafiados diante de novas realidades. Ademais, este ensaio defende a necessidade de recuperarmos matrizes teoricas como a da dependencia em um momento em que teorias sistemicas da literatura voltaram a ser discutidas no debate literario internacional por criticos como Franco Moretti e Pascale Casanova.
Breast cancer outcomes after diagnosis of hormone positive breast cancer and subsequent pregnancy in the tamoxifen era

Abstract Background Counseling patients regarding the risk of future pregnancy on hormone receptor-positive breast cancer outcomes is difficult because of the minimal data and understanding of pregnancy on the breast environment. Patients and Methods The present retrospective analysis included 32 premenopausal women with a diagnosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer from 2000 to 2010 and subsequent pregnancy within 5 years. The control cohort included 29 women matched for age and stage of breast cancer who had not become pregnant. Results No statistically significant difference was found in age, diagnosis, stage, grade, or HER2 status between the 2 groups. Of the 32 women in the pregnancy cohort and 29 women in the control cohort, 19 (63%) and 23 (82%) had received endocrine therapy ( P = .25). The mean length of endocrine therapy was 42.3 months (range, 0-120 months) in the control cohort and 20.9 months (range, 0-72 months) in the pregnancy cohort ( P = .008). Four women (14%) in the control cohort experienced breast cancer recurrence compared with 8 women (26%) in the pregnancy cohort ( P = .34). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 92% (95% confidence interval, 81%-100%) in the control cohort compared with 84% (95% CI, 72%-97%) in the pregnancy cohort. The difference was not statistically significant ( P = .69). Conclusion The results of the present study did not demonstrate poorer disease-free survival for premenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who became pregnant within 5 years of diagnosis. Our study is unique because all included patients had estrogen receptor-positive disease and were offered adjuvant hormonal therapy. Further prospective investigation will be beneficial to patients and physicians as they discuss pregnancy as a key survivorship issue.
Developing laser-based therapy monitoring of early caries in pediatric dental settings

Optical imaging modalities and therapy monitoring protocols are required for the emergence of non-surgical interventions for treating infections in teeth to remineralize the enamel. Current standard of visual inspection, tactile probing and radiograph for caries detection is not highly sensitive, quantitative, and safe. Furthermore, the latter two are not viable options for interproximal caries. We present preliminary results of multimodal laser-based imaging and uorescence spectroscopy in a blinded clinical study comparing two topical therapies of early interproximal caries in children. With a spacer placed interproximally both at baseline and followup examinations, the 405-nm excited red porphyrin uorescence imaging with green auto uorescence is measured and compared to a 12-month follow-up. 405-nm laser-induced uorescence spectroscopy is also measured from the center of selected multimodal video imaging frames. These results of three subjects are analyzed both qualitatively by comparing spectra and quantitatively based on uorescence region segmentation, and then are compared to the standard of care(visual examination and radiograph interpretation). Furthermore, this study points out challenges associated with optically monitoring non-surgical dental interventions over long periods of time in clinical practice and also indicates future direction for improvement on the protocol.
‘Stick to Soccer:’ fan reaction and inclusion rhetoric on social media

In the wake of the United States Supreme Court ruling legalizing gay marriage nationwide, social media reflected a range of support and dissent. US Soccer posted a photo featuring an eagle and the ...
Methodology for real-time prediction of structural seismic risk based on sensor measurements

Abstract Current earthquake early warning systems utilize p-wave data to predict the extent of an earthquake threat and issue warnings at a regional scale. In the assessment of seismic risk, we propose a methodology to go beyond ground motion prediction to consider the response of the structure itself. It is a localized real-time approach where we utilize the first 3 s of data from sensors mounted on a structure to infer the characteristics of the upcoming earthquake. These parameters are used to simulate ground acceleration histories and the structural response estimated under each input motion. A structure-specific warning can then be issued based on the predicted maximum structural response. The method enables probabilistic inference on the structural risk to the earthquake event. In this paper, we describe the proposed methodology and apply it to an example earthquake. We assess the accuracy of the method, compute its computational efficiency, and investigate its robustness to uncertainty in system parameters. Finally, we apply the method to several recorded earthquakes to demonstrate its generalizability. The approach does not require extensive knowledge of regional earthquakes or site characteristics. Such data, however, if available, can be easily incorporated to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
Large Wavelength Disturbances in Two-Fluid Bénard—Marangoni Convection and Their Control

The stability of large wavelength, small amplitude disturbances is discussed on the basis of first principles, initially for the case without active control. Special attention is given to the occurrence of discontinuities that can form in the curves of Marangoni number for neutral stability versus wavenumber as the depth ratio of the two layers varies. The use of linear proportional control is then discussed for the twofluid system, and significant change in the Marangoni number for neutral stability is shown to be possible for such disturbances.
High sensitivity C-reactive protein: a novel predictor for recurrence of atrial fibrillation after successful cardioversion.

OBJECTIVES We sought to test the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after successful electrical cardioversion (CV). BACKGROUND In patients with AF, CRP levels are predictive of immediate failure of CV. METHODS We prospectively measured high-sensitivity CRP in 67 patients with AF or atrial flutter who underwent successful electrical CV. RESULTS At one-month follow-up, 22 patients (33%) had recurrence of their arrhythmia. Arrhythmia recurrence was associated with significantly higher pre-CV CRP levels (odds ratio [OR] 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14 to 2.98; p = 0.013) even after adjusting for age (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.93; p = 0.006), for gender (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.09; p = 0.011), or duration of arrhythmia (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.07; p = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, CRP was the only independent predictor of arrhythmia recurrence (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.55; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that high levels of CRP are associated with an increased risk of recurrence of AF within one month. These data support the hypothesis that anti-inflammatory interventions may help in maintenance of normal sinus rhythm after CV. These data also may have implications for the identification of patients who are most likely to experience substantial benefit from CV therapy for AF.
Encounter and Union between Persons

Dietrich von Hildebrand had studied with Husserl at Gottingen in the 1909–1914 period and was teaching at Munich until banned by the Nazis, when like many other German intellectuals he emigrated to the United States.
Cooperation and Turnover in Law Faculties: A Game-Theoretic Model and Empirical Study

A standard account of group cooperation would predict that group stability would bring about greater cooperation, because repeat-play games would allow for sanctions and rewards. In an academic unit such as a department or a law faculty, one might thus expect that faculty stability would bring about greater cooperation. However, academic units are not like most other groups. Tenured professors face only limited sanctions for failing to cooperate, for engaging in unproductive conflict, or for shirking. This article argues counter-intuitively that within limits, some level of faculty turnover may enhance cooperation. Certainly, excessive and persistent loss of faculty is demoralizing, and reduces the number of individuals among which administrative work can be spread. But for less dire losses, faculty turnover may play the disciplining role that academic units are deprived of by the tenure system. This article sets forth a game-theoretic model showing how the possibility of faculty turnover may induce greater cooperation in a faculty. The intuition is that while some antisocial behavior in a faculty – fighting or shirking – may garner some short-term gains at the expense of others, the possibility of exit may reduce this behavior, because loss of a colleague could be worse than the gains from fighting or shirking. Losing a colleague means probably losing a productive colleague, taking the time to replace her, and possibly replacing her with a less productive substitute. These downsides may play a role in curbing unproductive behavior in a faculty. This article presents some empirical evidence in support of the hypothesis that faculty turnover short of some excessive amount does, in fact, produce higher levels of collegiality and collaboration.
Do VCs Use Inside Financing to Dilute Founders

Founders of startups sometimes sue their firm’s venture capital investors (VCs) for forcing the firm to accept follow-on financing from these same VCs at artificially low valuations, diluting the founders. However, there is no evidence on whether VCs systematically use such “inside” rounds – rounds negotiated and financed by the firm’s existing VCs rather than by a new “outside” VC – to dilute founders. Using a hand-collected dataset of 90 follow-on rounds in 45 VC-backed firms, we find very little evidence that VCs use inside rounds to dilute founders. Indeed, the contractual terms and economic returns of inside rounds are typically less favorable to VCs than in outside rounds. Our findings suggest that VCs generally prefer follow-on rounds to be led by outside VCs, and only resort to inside rounds when they are unable to persuade outside VCs to invest in the firm.
‘To Speak for Those Who Cannot’: Masha Rol’nikaite on the Holocaust and Sexual Violence in German-Occupied Soviet Territories

Masha Rol’nikaite’s diary and novels, published in Soviet times, offer a unique perspective on German-occupied Lithuania, yet her oeuvre is virtually unknown in the English-speaking world. The books give a vivid account of the destruction of Jewish families and their survival, and of gendered and sexual violence against Jewish and non-Jewish women, effectively confronting a double layer of silence and taboo that unnamed the destruction of Soviet Jewry and of sexual violence for decades. Furthermore, the author explores how female survivors struggled to live on with the repercussions of Nazi violence and the ethical quandaries they had been exposed to during war and occupation. Foregrounding individual experiences, Rol’nikaite traces the breakdown of communal and familial networks in the face of extraordinary violence as well as its aftermath. Her work is firmly grounded in personal experiences, suggesting that the writer consciously blurs the line between historical and literary representation. The fictionalization of the genocide of the Jewish population and of brutal sexual assaults challenges Soviet portrayals of the war that focused on military confrontation, victory, and rebuilding. The article draws on Rol’nikaite’s oeuvre, several interviews with her, archival material as well as newer scholarship on the destruction of Soviet and Lithuanian Jewry and sexual violence and its perception, to illustrate and contextualize Rol’nikaite’s emphasis on interlocking violence that shaped the lives of young Jewish women under the German occupation regime.
Cost of measles containment in an ambulatory pediatric clinic.

Background:Measles is highly infectious; prompt containment of illnesses is necessary to prevent spread. In August 2013, a 13-year-old male with measles exposed patients and employees in a pediatric clinic. We studied containment costs to identify avoidable costs.Methods:Measles exposure was defined
The Pediatric-Specific American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Score: A Multicenter Study.

Background When applied to the pediatric population, the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) classification has exhibited poor reliability due to its subjective and adult-focused definitions. This study was done to measure interrater agreement of a pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification and to solicit multicenter perspectives to optimize the pediatric ASA-PS classification. Methods A prospective, mixed-methods study of 197 pediatric anesthesiologists from 13 academic pediatric hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia surveyed in May and July 2019. Participants assigned ASA-PS scores (I to V) for 15 pediatric cases with a heterogeneous mix of acute and chronic health conditions undergoing a variety of surgical and related procedures. Pediatric-adapted definitions of ASA-PS were provided. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess interrater reliability of ASA-PS scores. The ICC was estimated using 2-way mixed-effects modeling, accounting for multiple raters assigning scores for the same set of cases. Qualitative feedback on the pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification was analyzed with line-by-line coding. Results The survey response rate was 83.8% (165 of 197). The ICC agreement among participants on ASA-PS scoring across all 15 clinical cases was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.77). ICC did not vary significantly by years of anesthesiology practice. ICC varied across hospitals (range: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.63 to 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91). The highest level of agreement occurred with cases most often scored as ASA-PS I, IV, and V; the lowest agreement occurred with cases most often scored ASA-PS II and III. Clarification of how well a chronic condition was controlled and presence of an acute illness were 2 common themes suggested to optimize the validity of the pediatric-adapted ASA-PS definitions. Conclusions The pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification had moderate interrater reliability among pediatric anesthesiologists. The lower reliability of scoring for ASA-PS II and III cases, in particular, supports the need for further ASA-PS definition refinement for pediatric populations.
Summer Cop: A Qualitative Study of Summer Police Officers

There are approximately 18,000 police agencies employing 750,000 police officers in the United States in order to police a population over 300 million citizens. In addition, sketchy estimates state there are 400,000 police reserves assisting full-time sworn officers in their duties. One major subgroup of these police reserves are summer police officers (“summer cops”) who serve full-time during the tourist season in mostly beach communities. There has been little to no research into this subpopulation of police officers and little is known about their background and reasons for becoming summer reserve officers. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this study used participant observation and in-depth interviews to assess 15 summer officers in a Maine police department. The study presents major findings about their backgrounds, motives, and goals for becoming summer police officers, as well as their experiences in becoming summer cops and perceptions of training.
Attojoule Optoelectronics for Low-Energy Information Processing and Communications

Optics offers unique opportunities for reducing energy in information processing and communications while simultaneously resolving the problem of interconnect bandwidth density inside machines. Such energy dissipation overall is now at environmentally significant levels; the source of that dissipation is progressively shifting from logic operations to interconnect energies. Without the prospect of substantial reduction in energy per bit communicated, we cannot continue the exponential growth of our use of information. The physics of optics and optoelectronics fundamentally addresses both interconnect energy and bandwidth density, and optics may be the only scalable solution to such problems. Here we summarize the corresponding background, status, opportunities, and research directions for optoelectronic technology and novel optics, including subfemtojoule devices in waveguide and novel two-dimensional (2-D) array optical systems. We compare different approaches to low-energy optoelectronic output devices and their scaling, including lasers, modulators and LEDs, optical confinement approaches (such as resonators) to enhance effects, and the benefits of different material choices, including 2-D materials and other quantum-confined structures. With such optoelectronic energy reductions, and the elimination of line charging dissipation by the use optical connections, the next major interconnect dissipations are in the electronic circuits for receiver amplifiers, timing recovery, and multiplexing. We show we can address these through the integration of photodetectors to reduce or eliminate receiver circuit energies, free-space optics to eliminate the need for timing and multiplexing circuits (while also solving bandwidth density problems), and using optics generally to save power by running large synchronous systems. One target concept is interconnects from ∼1 cm to ∼10 m that have the same energy (∼10 fJ/bit) and simplicity as local electrical wires on chip.
Power to the People? Populism and the Politics of School Choice in the United States

I use the definition of populism as a discursive frame to consider the extent to which the politics of school choice in the United States have been populist. This analysis offers a novel way to und...
Granular Resistive Force Theory Implementation for Three-Dimensional Trajectories

Modelling interaction forces as bodies intrude into granular media is a longstanding challenge in the design and control of machines that navigate and manipulate these highly complex materials. Granular Resistive Force Theory, or RFT, is a flexible, reduced-order model for predicting intrusion forces on bodies in granular media. 2D RFT describes the forces on a plate whose velocity and normal vectors lie in the same vertical plane. We introduce a 3D RFT method that projects the total velocity vector into two scenarios that can already be described by 2D RFT, which allows us to extend the model into 3D with minimal additional experimental characterization. We then superimpose these independently calculated forces, weighted by experimentally fit scaling factors, to determine the total force on the plate. When applied to discretized convex hulls, this method performs force estimates of arbitrary trajectories in 3D space. The proposed formulation predicts forces experienced by oscillating and circumnutating bodies, motions motivated by mole crab burrowing and plant root growth respectively. This method is well-suited to complement more complex computational tools, such as Discrete Element Method. By expanding the application of RFT to 3D scenarios, a broader set of real-world applications can now be analyzed.
Gastrointestinal Complications Following Total Joint Arthroplasty Are Rare but Have Severe Consequences.

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are rare, but can result in substantial morbidity and mortality, especially when intervention is required. The purpose of this study is to identify modifiable risk factors for the development of GI complications and determine their impact on short-term outcomes following TJA. Methods We queried patients who underwent primary TJA at a single academic center from 2009 through 2018 and collected data on demographics, comorbidities, operative and perioperative details, and short-term outcomes. Patients who suffered at least one GI complication during the same hospitalization as their TJA were identified. The type of GI complication and intervention performed, if necessary, was recorded. Variables that independently affected the risk of GI complication were identified. Multivariate regression was performed to determine the effect suffering a GI complication had on outcomes. Results Of 17,402 patients, 106 (0.6%) suffered a GI complication. Constipation/obstruction, followed by diarrhea/malabsorption, hemorrhage, and Clostridium difficile were the most commonly reported complications. Patients suffering a GI complication were significantly older (68.5 vs 63.7, P Conclusion Patients suffering a GI complication following TJA require longer hospital stays and greater post-acute care resources and have a substantially higher risk of mortality.
Temporal control of muscle synergies is linked with alpha-band neural drive.

Key points It is theorized that the nervous system controls groups of muscles together as functional units, or 'synergies', resulting in correlated electromyographic (EMG) signals among muscles. However, such correlation does not necessarily imply group-level neural control. Oscillatory synchronization (coherence) among EMG signals implies neural coupling, but it is not clear how this relates to control of muscle synergies. EMG was recorded from seven arm muscles of 10 adult participants rotating an upper limb ergometer, and EMG-EMG coherence, EMG amplitude correlations and their relationship with each other were characterized. A novel method to derive multi-muscle synergies from EMG-EMG coherence is presented and these are compared with classically defined synergies. Coherent alpha-band (8-16 Hz) drive was strongest among muscles whose gross activity levels are well correlated within a given task. The cross-muscle distribution and temporal modulation of coherent alpha-band drive suggests a possible role in the neural coordination/monitoring of synergies. Abstract During movement, groups of muscles may be controlled together by the nervous system as an adaptable functional entity, or 'synergy'. The rules governing when (or if) this occurs during voluntary behaviour in humans are not well understood, at least in part because synergies are usually defined by correlated patterns of muscle activity without regard for the underlying structure of their neural control. In this study, we investigated the extent to which comodulation of muscle output (i.e. correlation of electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes) implies that muscles share intermuscular neural input (assessed via EMG-EMG coherence analysis). We first examined this relationship among pairs of upper limb muscles engaged in an arm cycling task. We then applied a novel multidimensional EMG-EMG coherence analysis allowing synergies to be characterized on the basis of shared neural drive. We found that alpha-band coherence (8-16 Hz) is related to the degree to which overall muscle activity levels correlate over time. The extension of this coherence analysis to describe the cross-muscle distribution and temporal modulation of alpha-band drive revealed a close match to the temporal and structural features of traditionally defined muscle synergies. Interestingly, the coherence-derived neural drive was inversely associated with, and preceded, changes in EMG amplitudes by ∼200 ms. Our novel characterization of how alpha-band neural drive is dynamically distributed among muscles is a fundamental step forward in understanding the neural origins and correlates of muscle synergies.
Secondary Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) From Chronic Immunosuppression.

Herein, we present the case of a 63-year-old female with a history of Behcet's disease managed with long-term prednisone and azathioprine who initially presented for symptomatic anemia, which progressed to pancytopenia with neutropenic fever. Initial workup ruled out infectious etiologies but was indeterminate for immune-mediated or neoplastic causes. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated a CD8+ gamma-delta T-cell neoplasm; however, imaging and skin biopsy pathology did not support hepatosplenic or cutaneous lymphoma involvement. By the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classifications, these findings were defined as gamma-delta peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). This is suspected to be secondary to chronic immunosuppression from long-term steroid and azathioprine use. The patient was treated with one cycle of the EPOCH chemotherapy regimen ((etoposide, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone), but the treatment course was complicated by an angioinvasive fungal infection and the patient subsequently transitioned to symptom-focused therapy in a hospice facility.
Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptor-mediated behavior and binding in mice with the overactive and dysregulated serotonin transporter Ala56 variant

Elevated whole-blood serotonin (5-HT) is a robust biomarker in ~ 30% of patients with autism spectrum disorders, in which repetitive behavior is a core symptom. Furthermore, elevated whole-blood 5-HT has also been described in patients with pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. The 5-HT1B receptor is associated with repetitive behaviors seen in both disorders. Chronic blockade of serotonin transporter (SERT) reduces 5-HT1B receptor levels in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and attenuates the sensorimotor deficits and hyperactivity seen with the 5-HT1B agonist RU24969. We hypothesized that enhanced SERT function would increase 5-HT1B receptor levels in OFC and enhance sensorimotor deficits and hyperactivity induced by RU24969. We examined the impact of the SERT Ala56 mutation, which leads to enhanced SERT function, on 5-HT1B receptor binding and 5-HT1B-mediated sensorimotor deficits. Specific binding to 5-HT1B receptors was measured in OFC and striatum of naive SERT Ala56 or wild-type mice. The impact of the 5-HT1A/1B receptor agonist RU24969 on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, hyperactivity, and expression of cFos was examined. While enhanced SERT function increased 5-HT1B receptor levels in OFC of Ala56 mice, RU24969-induced PPI deficits and hyperlocomotion were not different between genotypes. Baseline levels of cFos expression were not different between groups. RU24969 increased cFos expression in OFC of wild-types and decreased cFos in the striatum. While reducing 5-HT1B receptors may attenuate sensorimotor gating deficits, increased 5-HT1B levels in SERT Ala56 mice do not necessarily exacerbate these deficits, potentially due to compensations during neural circuit development in this model system.
Secrecy in Aerial Networking: a Stochastic Geometry Approach

Stochastic geometry has been widely applied to planar networking analysis. With the emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles, it is imperative to extend the SG facility to three-dimensional space. In this paper, an effort is made to combine secrecy analysis with UAV and 3D SG. One of the new features is the relaxation of integer path-loss exponents or their ratio. This is an inherent challenging issue. With the aid of Meijer’s G-function, a closed-form expression is derived for the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity. Several numerical results are presented and discussed.
Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the US with increased rates of SARS-Cov2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Methods: Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% (N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. Results: Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns while almost one-third (30.5%) a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to statement: The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut-corners, was rated highest (63.22) which was significantly (p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., The COVID-19 vaccine does not work). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 + 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 + 4.2, p < .001) to the statement: If I have already had COVID-19, I do not need the vaccine. Conclusions: This study identified heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions.
Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Protein Abnormalities Detected in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer’s Disease

Mitochondria provide energy to neurons through oxidative phosphorylation and eliminate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) through Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1). Dysfunctional mitochondria, manifesting decreased activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and high ROS levels, are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. We hypothesized that neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in AD is reflected in ETC and SOD1 levels and activity in plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs). We immunoprecipitated NDEVs targeting neuronal marker L1CAM from two cohorts: one including 22 individuals with early AD and 29 control subjects; and another including 14 individuals with early AD and 14 control subjects. In the first cohort, we measured levels of complexes I, III, IV, ATP synthase, and SOD1; in the second cohort, we measured levels and catalytic activity of complexes IV and ATP synthase. AD individuals had lower levels of complexes I (p < 0.0001), III (p < 0.0001), IV (p = 0.0061), and V (p < 0.0001), and SOD1 (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. AD individuals also had lower levels of catalytic activity of complex IV (p = 0.0214) and ATP synthase (p < 0.0001). NDEVs confirm quantitative and functional abnormalities in ECT complexes and SOD1 previously observed in AD models and during autopsy, opening the way for using them as biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
A Refresher Course in Cause

way, as the immediate end that a party has in view in contracting.26 Through such means the French try to accomplish the same sort of thing that is accomplished at common law by means of the principles of materiality and mutuality. It is true also that the legal effect of error may vary depending on how seriously and to what extent each party may be injured by a given solution and also on the presence, or absence of negli-
SU-E-I-16: Scan Length Dependency of the Radial Dose Distribution in a Long Polyethylene Cylinder.

Purpose: The area-averaged dose in the central plane of a long cylinder following a CT scan depends upon the radial dose distribution and the length of the scan. The ICRU/TG200 phantom, a polyethylene cylinder 30 cm in diameter and 60 cm long, was the subject of this study. The purpose was to develop an analytic function that could determine the dose for a scan length L at any point in the central plane of this phantom. Methods: Monte Carlo calculations were performed on a simulated ICRU/TG200 phantom under conditions of cylindrically symmetric conditions of irradiation. Thus, the radial dose distribution function must be an even function that accounts for two competing effects: The direct beam makes its weakest contribution at the center while the scatter begins abruptly at the outer radius and grows as the center is approached. The scatter contribution also increases with scan length with the increase approaching its limiting value at the periphery faster than along the central axis. An analytic function was developed that fit the data and possessed these features. Results: Symmetry and continuity dictate a local extremum at the center which is a minimum for the ICRU/TG200 phantom. The relative depth of the minimummore » decreases as the scan length grows and an absolute maximum can occur between the center and outer edge of the cylinders. As the scan length grows, the relative dip in the center decreases so that for very long scan lengths, the dose profile is relatively flat. Conclusion: An analytic function characterizes the radial and scan length dependency of dose for long cylindrical phantoms. The function can be integrated with the results expressed in closed form. One use for this is to help determine average dose distribution over the central cylinder plane for any scan length.« less
Line VISAR and Post-Shot Metallography Comparisons for Spall Analysis

Key to understanding spallation phenomena is determining the spatial and temporal distribution of failure nucleation. We have conducted a series of spallation experiments on copper and tantalum using a lineimaging VISAR (LIV), which measures the velocity histories at a continuous series of points in a dynamic experiment. In these experiments on carefully characterized copper and tantalum, we attempted to produce an incipient spall condition while monitoring with LIV. Pre-shot sample characterization included spatially resolved mapping of grain locations and orientations by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The samples were then soft-recovered and sectioned along the same line as monitored by the LIV. We sought to determine whether the sample distension inferred from the LIV data agree with that measured in the sectioned post-shot samples, and whether the spatial variations in the LIV data correspond more closely to failure structure on the spall plane or to near-surface grain structure (and consequent wave processing). Two experiments yielded ~1 mm spall separation; the other two are close to incipient spall conditions.
Missionaries of Republicanism: A Religious History of the Mexican-American War

It has become fashionable for scholars of Anglo-American religious history to emphasize English anti-Catholic sentiment in the new world. Recent studies from such scholars as Thomas Kidd, Owen Stan...
Particle adhesion in model systems

Abstract The deposition of uniform spherical colloidal hematite on glass of the same and opposite sign of charge was studied using the packed column technique. The recently developed multilayer model explains the data on systems of like charge for which the previously used monolayer model would fail. The deposition experiments at ionic strengths exceeding the critical coagulation concentration could also be fitted by the same multilayer model. The adhesion was strongly affected by the addition of the sulfate ion to the dispersion due to the complexation with hematite particles, which caused charge reversal. The data in aqueous systems agreed with those in 50% ethanol/water mixture when the difference in viscosity was taken into consideration. The obtained mass transfer efficiencies were related to the theoretically calculated instability ratios.
Relationship of benzyl alcohol to kernicterus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and mortality in preterm infants.

Intraventricular hemorrhage and death in preterm neonates has been associated with the use of fluid containing benzyl alcohol, a bacteriostatic agent, to flush intravascular catheters. The hospital and autopsy records of infants admitted to a nursery during the last 18 months that benzyl alcohol was in use (218 patients) were reviewed and compared with those of infants admitted in the first 18 months after benzyl alcohol was withdrawn (232 patients). The volume of flush solution administered to each patient was estimated. Exposure to benzyl alcohol was significantly associated with the development of kernicterus (P less than .005), and intraventricular hemorrhage (P less than .000,000,5). Kernicterus did not develop in any patient after benzyl alcohol was withdrawn. Many patients with kernicterus or intraventricular hemorrhages received small daily volumes of fluid containing benzyl alcohol. Withdrawal of benzyl alcohol from clinical use had no demonstrable effect on mortality. Medications intended for neonatal use should not contain benzyl alcohol. Our data indicate that patients not exposed to benzyl alcohol have a greatly reduced risk of kernicterus. If this finding is confirmed by other investigators, present indications for exchange transfusions in preterm infants with moderate elevations of serum bilirubin should be reconsidered.