cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation in reproductive response of hens to dietary deficiency.

Abstract PROBABLY most investigators in the field of nutrition have felt concern at some time over the variability among the individuals of any population with respect to their response to dietary influences. It is surprising, therefore, that so little effort has been directed toward the study of such variability. Bird et al. (1947) described a study of the variation in reproductive response of hens fed a diet now known to be deficient in vitamin B12. There was wide variation among the hens with respect to the hatchability of their eggs and the viability and growth rate of their progeny. These authors briefly reviewed the literature on the inheritance of resistance and susceptibility to dietary deficiency. Lamoreux and Hutt (1948) were able to select two strains of White Leghorns relatively resistant or susceptible to a riboflavin deficiency during the growing period. The authors believed that genetic differences between the two strains in . . .
The Role of Genetics in the Surgical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The relatively recent discoveries of >100 genes potentially involved with the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have stimulated intense research. The study of the pathophysiologic consequences of defects in these genes and the potential for a more careful classification of IBD patients based on genotype are two evolving benefits of this newfound knowledge. However, the use of such genetic information in the clinical care of IBD patients, especially in the surgical field, has lagged. There are many unresolved surgical issues in IBD management that hold hope for improvement through the use of genetic information in the individual patient. This includes, for example, identifying Crohn's disease patients at increased risk for recurrence after surgery to institute earlier prophylactic measures or maximize the use of bowel length preserving procedures. In the case of ulcerative colitis, genetics may help in preoperative patient selection by predicting which patients might suffer from severe pouchitis or pouch-threatening complications, such as fistuli or strictures. Similarly, the imperfect ability of colonoscopy to identify colitic patients who develop cancer may be solved by genetic markers that would predict malignant degeneration and so allow more effective prophylactic surgery.
A Novel Approach to Real-Time RTI Based Distributed Simulation System

HLA, a DoD high level architecture, is emerging as a standard platform for large-scale distributed interactive simulation systems. It mainly emphasizes on the reusability and interoperability of different simulation components. HLA was well designed and has been proved to have the ability to guarantee the desirable properties of reusability and the interoperability in distributed simulation systems from several aspects. However, HLA shows an apparent weaknesses when it comes to real-time simulation applications. Indeed, there are no specific rules provided with respect to real-time applications in HLA specifications. Therefore, there has not been any widely accepted real-time implementation specification for the HLA run-time infrastructure (HLA/RTI). In this paper, we propose a novel real-time RTI architecture which addresses the weakness of HLA/RTI in terms of real-time applications. We discuss our design and the implementation of our real-time RTI architecture with an emphasis on the real-time RTI end-system.
Particle size evaluations using multiwavelength extinction measurements

As the first phase of a program to develop a lidar method for remote evaluation of mean particle size of stationary source emissions, a data base was experimentally collected consisting of multiple-wavelength extinction coefficients and mean particle sizes of generated aerosols. Extinction data were collected using multi-wavelength (14) transmissometers and a 10-m long aerosol tunnel facility. Generated aerosols consisted of five size fractions of fly ash, three size fractions of silica, and single-size fractions of six other types of particulate material. Particle size evaluations were made by multistage impactor and by air permeability (Fisher) analysis of packed powder. The data base indicates that mean particle size smaller than l-microm diam could be estimated usefully from aerosol extinction measurements using a single-laser lidar system operating at 1.06- and 0.53-microm wavelengths. For larger mean particle sizes the extinction ratio is near unity, and longer wavelength systems are required. The data indicate that a two-laser lidar operating at 10.6 and 0.53 microm could provide estimates of mean particle size to diameters of at least 6 microm.
Creation of 3D Digital Anthropomorphic Phantoms which Model Actual Patient Non-rigid Body Motion as Determined from MRI and Position Tracking Studies of Volunteers

Patient motion can cause artifacts, which can lead to difficulty in interpretation. The purpose of this study is to create 3D digital anthropomorphic phantoms which model the location of the structures of the chest and upper abdomen of human volunteers undergoing a series of clinically relevant motions. The 3D anatomy is modeled using the XCAT phantom and based on MRI studies. The NURBS surfaces of the XCAT are interactively adapted to fit the MRI studies. A detailed XCAT phantom is first developed from an EKG triggered Navigator acquisition composed of sagittal slices with a 3 x 3 x 3 mm voxel dimension. Rigid body motion states are then acquired at breath-hold as sagittal slices partially covering the thorax, centered on the heart, with 9 mm gaps between them. For non-rigid body motion requiring greater sampling, modified Navigator sequences covering the entire thorax with 3 mm gaps between slices are obtained. The structures of the initial XCAT are then adapted to fit these different motion states. Simultaneous to MRI imaging the positions of multiple reflective markers on stretchy bands about the volunteer's chest and abdomen are optically tracked in 3D via stereo imaging. These phantoms with combined position tracking will be used to investigate both imaging-data-driven and motion-tracking strategies to estimate and correct for patient motion. Our initial application will be to cardiacperfusion SPECT imaging where the XCAT phantoms will be used to create patient activity and attenuation distributions for each volunteer with corresponding motion tracking data from the markers on the body-surface. Monte Carlo methods will then be used to simulate SPECT acquisitions, which will be used to evaluate various motion estimation and correction strategies.
The Magnetic Moments of Ag 107 and Ag 109 and the Hyperfine Structure Anomaly

The nuclear magnetic moments of ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{107}$ and ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{109}$ are measured by nuclear induction and found to be $\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ag}}^{107})=\ensuremath{-}(0.113042\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000013)$ nm and $\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ag}}^{109})=(0.129955\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000013)$ nm. The ratio of the moments is measured to be $\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ag}}^{107})}{\ensuremath{\mu}({\mathrm{Ag}}^{109})}=0.86985\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00001$; this ratio combined with the ratio of the hfs separations as measured by Wessel and Lew yields for the hfs anomaly $\ensuremath{\Delta}=\ensuremath{-}(0.412\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006)$ percent, which is compared to calculated values.
Memory based computing: reshaping the fine-grained logic in a reconfigurable framework (abstract only)

Conventional Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architectures leverage on the purely spatial computing model where a design is realized in the form of a small multiple-input single-output lookup tables (LUTs) connected through programmable interconnect switches. However, such a model incorporates an elaborate programmable interconnect network which becomes a major performance bottleneck and leads to poor scalability across process technology nodes. In this paper we evaluate an alternative two-dimensional static random access memory (SRAM) array based reconfigurable computing fabric, referred to as "Memory Based Computing" (MBC) that departs from a purely spatial architecture by advocating multi-cycle evaluation at each computational element. Within a computational element, it uses a dense two-dimensional SRAM array to map large multi-input multi-output functions as LUT and evaluate them in time-multiplexed topological fashion. Multi-cycle execution at each computing node is accomplished using a local interconnect architecture. The proposed framework substantially reduces the requirement for global interconnects by folding computational resources onto a single computational element. We explore the design space for MBC to optimize the major design parameters and compare the performance, power dissipation and energy-delay product for benchmark applications between MBC and conventional SRAM-based FPGA. Simulation results show that compared to a clustered FPGA model, the proposed framework achieves 57% improvement in performance, 30% improvement in Energy Delay Product (EDP) and 10% improvement in technological scalability of performance for standard benchmark circuits. Finally, we validate the functionality of MBC framework and timing of different operations by mapping several small applications on a Cyclone III FPGA platform from Altera.
Little cost of injury to growth and development of damselflies

Damaged or missing appendages are a common problem in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate taxa and can negatively affect many aspects of life: mobility, foraging, predator avoidance, growth, and development have all been shown to suffer. Many animals use autotomy to survive a predation attempt but suffer diminished performance until the missing appendage heals or regenerates. Animals that regenerate face an extra problem, as they must re-allocate resources away from growth and development in order to regrow their missing parts. We examined the effect of appendage loss on the growth and development of the damselfly Ischnura posita. Damselfly larvae have three caudal lamellae, external gills that can be autotomized and eventually regenerated and that are frequently missing from animals in natural populations (30-40% missing at least one in our collections). We collected animals from the field and raised them individually in the lab, removing lamellae at different times through ontogeny and predicting that growth rate and development rate would be most affected by earlier injuries. As larvae neared emergence to adulthood, we expected them to devote less resources to regeneration and therefore experience less of a decline in growth and development. We found that injuries did not strongly affect larval growth rates or sizes, regardless of timing. Developmental rates, measured as time per instar, were not strongly affected by injury. Most larvae attempted to emerge, and injured individuals were non-significantly more likely to emerge successfully. In sum, injured damselflies fared as well or better than their uninjured counterparts in terms of growth and development. We hypothesize that the relative unimportance of injury in this species may be due to their “slow” life history, behavioral or physiological compensation, or lack of stressors in this experiment.
Sleep and wakefulness in c-fos and fos B gene knockout mice

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. Upon stimulation of a GPCR an intracellular cascade involving second and third messengers is initiated. The latter include the fos-family of immediate early genes (IEGs). Although there is considerable evidence indicating that IEGs are expressed in response to sleep, the effects of their deletion on sleep is not known. The present study examined sleep-wakefulness in mice lacking the c-fos or fos B genes. Null c-fos mice compared to their wildtype (WT) and heterozygote (het) siblings had more wakefulness and less slow wave sleep (SWS); REM sleep was not affected. The null c-fos mice also had increased delta activity (0.3-4 Hz). In contrast, the null and heterozygote fos B mice had less REM sleep, but the time spent in SWS or wakefulness was not different from their wild-type (WT) siblings. In the null c-fos mice, the increased wakefulness and the reduction in SWS could not be due to a systemic alteration in temperature since the core temperature was similar in all mice. By demonstrating that these IEGs are involved in sleep, we suggest that the deletion of specific genes, even within a family of genes, can have a specific effect on sleep.
Porous Metal−Organic Frameworks Containing Alkali-Bridged Two-Fold Interpenetration: Synthesis, Gas Adsorption, and Fluorescence Properties

Solvothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and alkali (Na, K) chloride with the trigonal-planar ligand benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoic acid (H3BTB) gave rise to two new crystalline porous metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn3Na2O(BTB)2(DMF)2](DMF)(H2O) and [Zn2K3(BTB)2(HCOO)(DMF)3](DMF)3(H2O)2, respectively. Both phases have Zn3Na2(μ4-O) and Zn2K2(HCOO) clusters as molecular building block nodes, and they form similar alkali-bridged 2-fold interpenetrated, (3,6)-connected nets with the mineral rtl-c topology. The alkali-bridged interpenetration reduces the flexibility of their interpenetrated nets, affording permanent porosity and high thermal stability. These two MOFs also exhibit high capacities of hydrogen uptake and strong solid fluorescent emissions.
Electric field tuning of oxygen stoichiometry at oxide surfaces: molecular dynamics simulations studies of zirconia

Ultra-thin metal-oxides such as zirconia have tremendous technological applications such as electrolyte membranes for advanced solid oxide fuel cells, fuel cladding material for light water nuclear reactors, pressure tube materials for heavy water nuclear reactors and corrosion resistant coatings. Oxide non-stoichiometry is an important factor which significantly affects their functional properties and applicability. Here, we report on the ability to athermally control oxygen non-stoichiometry in ultra-thin zirconia films through local electric field perturbations from simulations. Variable charge molecular dynamics simulations indicate significantly enhanced oxidation kinetics on Zr (0001) substrate in the presence of an electric field. Natural oxidation with no field resulted in an amorphous oxide scale with a self limiting thickness of ∼10 A which increased to ∼17–26 A for applied electric fields of 1–10 MV/cm. Electric field (∼107 V/cm) lowers the activation energy barrier for ionic migration through the oxide film and leads to significantly increased oxygen incorporation into the oxide film. Activation energy barrier for oxidation decreased from 1.13 eV with no field to 0.08 eV for an applied field of 10 MV/cm. This manifests itself in the form of dramatic density and stoichiometry improvements of the grown ultra-thin oxide film, as indicated by the calculated structural and dynamical correlation functions. Oxide stoichiometry (O/Zr ratio) for natural oxidation was 1.42 indicative of a sub-stoichiometric and oxygen deficient oxide which increased to near stoichiometric value of 1.86 for 10 MV/cm field assisted oxidation. The simulation findings agree well with previously reported experimental observations. Our results demonstrate a pathway to athermally control oxygen concentration in near-surface regions that is of great importance to technologies utilizing ultra-thin oxides ranging from catalysis, energy and electronic device technologies.
Baryon chiral perturbation theory using a heavy fermion lagrangian

Baryon chiral perturbation theory is developed using an effective lagrangian in which the baryons appear as heavy static fields. The chiral logarithmic corrections to the axial current for semileptonic hyperon decay and for the analysis of the strangeness content of the proton are computed as examples. The corrections are as big as the lowest order values, which implies that F and D cannot be reliably extracted from hyperon semileptonic decays.
Therapy of advanced colorectal carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in combination with either CCNU or methotrexate.

In a prospective, randomized study a combination of 5-FU, Cyclophosphamide, and Methotrexate (FC-MTX) was compared to a similar combination (FC-CCNU) in which CCNU replaced Methotrexate. Of the 54 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma entered, 47 were evaluable. Toxicity was similar for the two regimens and was acceptable. No complete responses occurred. No difference in partial response (PR) 2/24 for FC-CCNU vs. 3/23 for FC-MTX, stable response 16/47 overall, or progressive disease 26/47 overall, was observed. Duration of PR was three to ten months. The overall median survival was six months, three months for non-responders and 11 months for responders. These drug combinations employing 5-FU do not improve upon the results reported with 5-FU alone in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 45:662-665.
Delayed functional loss in glaucoma. LII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.

• Purpose: This study is a systematic exploration of why some patients with glaucoma continue to lose visual field long after therapeutic normalization of their increased intraocular pressures. • Methods: Three cases of glaucoma are described that had increased intraocular pressures and good initial visual fields. • Results: The following four hypotheses are offered to explain delayed functional loss in these patients: (1) A process independent of intraocular pressure is killing ganglion cells. (2) Unmeasured increases of pressure are killing ganglion cells. (3) The ganglion cells have a genetically determined hypersensitivity to intraocular pressure. (4) The ganglion cells have been rendered hypersensitive to intraocular pressure by irreversible damaging effects of previously increased intraocular pressures. • Conclusion: The current state of knowledge does not permit the elimination of any of the four hypotheses. An additional hypothesis is that the final stage of ganglion cell death is mediated by apoptosis. If so, a potential new treatment for glaucoma would be to inhibit the apoptotic pathway.
Attenuating Blast Waves produced by an Instantaneous Release of Thermal Energy

IT has been observed that, when an explosive charge of TNT is intimately surrounded by a light crushable porous solid of large surface area and high heat capacity, the subsequent blast wave is rapidly attenuated. The mechanism of attenuation is hazarded as mainly heat transfer. The crushable nature of the surrounding porous solid (no elasticity–zero velocity of sound) would prevent immediate transmission of the blast wave energy and allow time for multiple reflexions, hence heat transfer and therefore attenuation, as gas flow is established through the porous solid.
Sharp bounds and simple approximations for the Erlang delay and loss formulas

Some sharp bounds and simple approximations are obtained for the Erlang delay formula and for the Erlang loss formula. One of the results is then used to get a simple analytical solution for the Server Allocation Problem.
Subglossal Impaction in an American Toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] americanus)

Abstract A subglossal impaction was diagnosed in an American toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] americanus), which presented because of a change in vocalizations. The obstruction was determined to be an impaction of ingested epidermal shed. Differential diagnoses for this clinical presentation include upper respiratory infection, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin A deficiency, trauma to the oral cavity, or environmental changes. This case demonstrates a potential problem that can be associated with the normal behavior of keratophagy.
Thyroid Hormone-Catecholamine Interrelationships

Experiments were performed to investigate the role of catecholamines in the peripheral deiodination of thyroxine (T4). Deiodination was studied in vivo in rats maintained with 131I-labeled T4, by measuring the daily urinary excretion of 131I. Thyroid function was blocked with potassium perchlorate. When isotopic equilibrium was obtained, approximately 50% of the daily dose of 131I was excreted in the urine. Urinary 131I was increased following administration of epinephrine and was decreased by reserpine. Furthermore, in both normal and thyroidectomized rats, the urinary excretion of 131I in the 24-hr period following a single injection of 131I-labeled T4 was increased by epinephrine. However, the increase was statistically significant only in the thyroidectomized rats. Epinephrine, and sometimes nor epinephrine, when administered to mice in vivo for 4 days, induced a significant increase in the deiodinating activity of homogenates of mouse liver. The effect was not due solely to the hyperglycemic or hyper...
The asymmetrical nasal tip in primary rhinoplasty

An analysis of nasal tip asymmetry is proposed that focuses on intrinsic deformities of the lower lateral cartilages. Three types of intrinsic deformities of the lower lateral cartilages are recognized that result in asymmetrical domal projection and lateral domal deviation. The most common deformity involves ipsilateral middle crural convexity and contralateral concavity. The second problem is caused by different lengths of paired medial crura. The third form of tip asymmetry is caused by a unilateral splayed lower lateral cartilage that is further from the anatomic midline than the opposite lower lateral cartilage. The use of suturing techniques and occasional grafts to restore nasal tip symmetry is described in each of the three scenarios.
The Fuzzy Logic Method for Simpler Forecasting

Fildes and Makridakis (1998), Makridakis and Hibon (2000), and Fildes (2001) indicate that simple extrapolative forecasting methods that are robust forecast equally as well or better than more comp...
Direct Evidence for the Importance of Small Animals to Prehistoric Diets: A Review of Coprolite Studies

Researchers tend to underestimate or ignore the importance of small animals to the prehistoric diet due to the difficulty of separating cultural from noncultural faunal debris excavated from sites. Human coprolite analyses (dessicated human feces) indicate prehistoric dietary consumption of small animals. The large number of coprolites analyzed from North America reveals direct ingestion of small animals and indicates that small animal remains from sites indeed reflect human dietary patterns. The coprolites reveal that reptiles, birds, bats, and a large variety of rodents were an important and prevalent component of the prehistoric diet.
Governing the Water Use in the Greater Richmond Area: Dispute and Resolution

This study probes into the governing issues centering around the water use dispute and resolution between Richmond City and Henrico County in the Greater Richmond area, Virginia. For a variety of reasons, Richmond City strongly opposed the initiative by Henrico County to construct and operate its own water treatment plant in 1987. As a result of rigorous multi-party planning, mediation, and negotiation processes, Richmond City and Henrico County finally reached a compromise settlement in 1994. This study concludes that mediating and resolving public policy disputes between localities within the metropolitan area is a highly complicated and politically charged process, which can involve different levels of government, business community elites, and other stakeholders; driven by their common interests, the public-private intersectoral boundaries are increasingly blurred; and a planning process blends both political and technical factors together. In this case, the Henrico County's newly proposed water treat...
Microbial sciences: the superficial life of microbes.

The social activities and organization of bacteria are crucial to their ecological success. But it is only in recent years that we have begun to study these secret societies.
Hedonistic rationality: Healthy food consumption choice using muddling-through

Abstract This study offers a comprehensive understanding of factors affecting food consumption by grounding hypotheses within the theory of muddling-through. Muddling-through is a decision-making theory that explains decisions based on conflicting goals and contexts where applying analytics to aid decision-making offers severe limitations (Lindblom, 1959). Results based on two separate datasets demonstrate the substantial explanatory ability of muddling-through in understanding healthy eating behaviors. The article concludes with implications for consumers and organizations promoting healthy food consumption and future research.
Frequency- and amplitude-tunable X-to-Ku band SiGe ring oscillators for multiband BIST applications

An 8–17 GHz SiGe ring oscillator covering the X- and Ku-bands for built-in-self-test of multiband system-on-chip solutions is demonstrated. The oscillator features highly linear frequency control over the bandwidth, with 72% tuning range in a small form factor of 0.652 mm2. To the author's knowledge, this is the widest tuning range/smallest form factor combination achieved by a ring oscillator that spans both X and Ku bands. A second ring oscillator with band selectivity and output power control is also presented, covering the 9–11 GHz and 17–21 GHz bands. This second oscillator features an ultra-small form factor of only 0.036 mm2. Both oscillator designs are based on a 3.3 V supply and were implemented in a commercially-available 180 nm SiGe BiCMOS platform.
Sailaba irrigation practices and prospects

Sailaba, or runoff farming, is among the oldest forms of irrigated agriculture. While most existing sailaba farming systems use age‐old practices and offer considerable scope for improvement, properly constructed and managed sailaba systems can produce good crops of fruits, nuts, cereals, and vegetables. There is little available literature that describes sailaba system components or the institutions responsible for sailaba construction and management. Components of sailaba farming systems and the institutions involved in the construction and management of these systems are described as found in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Problems and needed improvements for these systems have been identified. Results from several pilot studies of structural improvements and irrigation efficiency for sailaba systems illustrate the potential for improving the importance of this ancient farming system.
A MAGNITUDE-ESTIMATION RESPONSE POOL FOR PRODUCTION OF LINGUAL VIBROTACTILE MAGNITUDES

Summa~y.-The present pilot study was designed to obtain samples of numerical vibrotactile magnitude estimations from two groups of 37 randomly selected subjects (M.,. = 22.04 yr.) and to determine if these numbers were statistically equivalent. Analysis showed the numerical responses of the two groups of subjects were statistically equivalent. It was suggcsced that they might be viewed as a representative sample of magnitude-estimation numbers chat could be employed in experimentation on lingual vibrotactile magnitude production. In 1983, a series of studies was initiated in which a psychophysical magnitude scaling technique was used in vibrotactile testing of the dorsal surface of the human tongue (Fucci, Harris, & Petrosino, 1983b, 1983~; Fucci, Harris, & Petrosino, 1984; Fucci & Petrosino, 1983a, 198313, 1983~; Fucci, Petrosino, & Harris, 1983; Fucci, Petrosino, & Harris, 1984; Petrosino, Fucci, & Harris, 1984). The method of magnitude production was chosen for lingual vibrotactile scaling because it has been shown to be very stable and subjects tend to master it with ease (Stevens, 1961; Zwislocki & Goodman, 1980). Pilot work also showed that magnitude-production scaling could be managed on the tongue without serious restrictions being placed on range of stimulus intensities and without subjects becoming fatigued beyond the point of reliable testing. The magnitude-production procedure developed for lingual vibrotactile testing has received appropriate criticism due to the fact that the numbers used in scaling were derived by the experimenters rather than from the magnitudeestimation responses of the subjects. The purpose of the present pilot study was to obtain samples of magnitude-estimation numbers from two groups of subjects and to determine if these numbers were statistically equivalent for the two groups. If the numerical responses from the two groups of subjects are statistically equivalent, then they might be viewed as a representative sample of magnitude-estimation numbers that could be employed in experimentation on lingual vibrotactile magnitude-production. Seventy-four subjects were randomly selected from students enrolled in
Spatial Redistribution of Poly(A)+ RNA during Polarization of the Fucus Zygote Is Dependent upon Microfilaments

Asymmetrical distribution of mRNA has been associated with polarization and cell fate determination during early development of animal embryos. In this report we determine the distribution pattern of poly(A)+ RNA during early embryogenesis of the brown alga Fucus. Poly(A)+ RNA is symmetrically distributed in the egg and early zygote. Shortly after the polar axis is established, poly(A)+ RNA becomes segregated to the thallus pole of the zygote. Following cytokinesis, most of poly(A)+ RNA is partitioned into the thallus cell. We show that the spatial redistribution of poly(A)+ RNA requires intact microfilaments and the fixation of the polar axis, but is not dependent upon polarized growth of the rhizoid, intact microtubules, or orientation of the division plane.
A Systematic study of hypothermic lung preservation solutions: euro-collins solution

Background. Testing lung function after preservation is difficult because a suitable model is still lacking; thus, the effectiveness of different solutions for lung preservation has not been confirmed. This study tested the effectiveness of Euro-Collins solution alone for hypothermic preservation of rat lungs. Methods. A living rat perfusion model was used, which allowed more than 5 hours of continuous perfusion for isolated lung function studies. Group 1 lungs (control, n=8) were tested without preservation. In groups 2 through 6 (n = 8 lungs each), the lungs were flushed with 4°C Euro-Collins solution and preserved for 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. Lung function studies were carried out after preservation. Results. In groups 1 and 2, pulmonary arterial blood flow and pulmonary venous oxygen tension were higher and pulmonary resistance was lower than in the other groups. Airway pressure and resistance were lowest in group 1. Lungs in groups 5 and 6 demonstrated the worst function, but the lung tissue wet to dry ratio was higher only in group 6. Conclusions. At 4°C, Euro-Collins solution can effectively preserve rat lungs for 4 hours. Six to 8 hours of preservation resulted in depressed lung function. More than 12 hours of preservation resulted in uniformly deficient lung function, rendering the lungs nnsuitable for transplantation.
Much more at stake than Gewurztraminer: The U.S. Supreme Court's wine decision

Abstract The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the laws of 11 states that permitted in-state wineries to sell wine directly to customers in those states, but prevented out-of-state wineries from doing the same. While the wine decision will help wineries that serve customers via the Internet, its economic implications are much greater for markets such as real estate and automobiles. The Court's broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause has the potential to eliminate many of the protectionist practices that states have developed to shield local firms from out-of-state competition, particularly that fostered by the Internet. Consumers will save an estimated $23.7 billion per year if these protectionist practices are eliminated.
Data Cleansing Decisions: Insights from Discrete-Event Simulations of Firm Resources and Data Quality

The cost of poor data quality has been measured in the billions of dollars annually. However, deriving coherent data cleansing strategies to improve data quality is challenging because it is often difficult to justify the financial and human capital cost involved in cleaning data. But those who have planned and designed an effective approach to cleaning data report significant benefits. Although extant literature has extensively focused on data quality issues, little attention has been directed toward providing decision-making techniques that help practitioners determine the cost and benefits of adopting data-cleansing approaches. This study advances an approach that illustrates how discrete-event simulation can be used as a decision tool for making data-cleansing decisions, by understanding the interactions among the firms' resources and performance outcomes. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to apply discrete-event simulation for evaluating data-cleansing approaches. The article contrib...
Trace element partitioning and melt structure: An experimental study at 1 atm pressure

Abstract Diopside-melt and forsterite-melt rare earth (REE) and Ni partition coefficients have been determined as a function of bulk compositions of the melt. Available Raman spectroscopic data have been used to determine the structures of the melts coexisting with diopside and forsterite. The compositional dependence of the partition coefficients is then related to the structural changes of the melt. The melts in all experiments have a ratio of nonbridging oxygens to tetrahedral cations ( NBO T ) between 1 and 0. The quenched melts consist of structural units that have, on the average, 2 (chain), 1 (sheet) and 0 (three-dimensional network) nonbridging oxygens per tetrahedral cation. The proportions of these structural units in the melts, as well as the overall NBO T , change as a function of the bulk composition of the melt. It has been found that Ce, Sm, Tm and Ni crystal-liquid partition coefficients ( K crystal−liq i = C crystal i C liq i ) decrease linearly with increasing NBO T . The values of the individual REE crystal-liquid trace element partition coefficients have different functional relations to NBO T , so that the degree of light REE enrichment of the melts would depend on their NBO T . The solution mechanisms of minor oxides such as CO2, H2O, TiO2, P2O5 and Fe2O3 in silicate melts are known. These data have been recast as changes of NBO T of the melts with regard to the type of oxide and its concentration in the melt. From such data the dependence of crystal-liquid partition coefficients on concentration and type of minor oxide in melt solution has been calculated.
A characterization of linear transformations which leave the doubly stochastic matrices

A characterization of linear transformations which leave the n×n doubly stochastic matrices invariant is given as a linear combination of functions of the type T(X)=AXB with certain restrictions posed on the n×n matrices A and B.
Induced quantum curvature and three-dimensional gauge theories

Abstract The effects of quantum holonomy in three-dimensional gauge theories with massless fermions is examined and different definitions of the fermion determinant are discussed. The source of a global gauge and parity anomaly is identified in Schrodinger picture quantization as an induced holonomy that arises from the fermionic sector of the theory. In certain fermion representations this holonomy leads to a global obstruction to imposing either gauge or parity invariance through the implementation of Gauss' law constraint. However, such obstructions can be removed by exploiting renormalization ambiguities inherent in the definition of composite operators.
Vagal bradycardia at term.

We discuss the case of a newborn boy presenting well into term with severe bradycardic events and sinus pauses up to 5.4 sec. Sinus bradycardia below 80 bpm and sinus pauses or asystole of more than 2 sec are considered pathologic at term. After exclusion of specific causes, the diagnosis of vagal hyper-reflectivity (VHR) was retained, a state caused by unbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, the latter overriding the former. It is thought to be a functional and transitional anomaly of the sympathetic and vagal tone during the first months of life and may lead to prolonged monitoring and delayed hospital discharge. This form of rare bradycardia can be treated with atropine and allowed in our case immediate resolution of events and safe discharge from hospital. CONCLUSION: When VHR is diagnosed, atropine is the treatment permitting resolution of symptomatic episodes of bradycardia and early and safe discharge from hospital.
Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Dense Matter

We have developed a quantum molecular dynamics simulation method for treating dense plasmas and a variety of other systems. The approach treats the electrons fully quantum mechanically and the nuclei classically. Applications include H plasmas, alkali metal fluids, rare gas compression, mixtures, impurities in plasmas, and shock-compressed hydrocarbons.
TSE Computers - A Means For Massively Parallel Computations

IntroductionThe Goddard Space Flight Center is presently developing hardware technology for building ultra high speedcomputers for processing two dimensional data. This technology employs massive parallelism, doingthousands of operations simultaneously, to obtain this speed. The operations are performed over a binaryimage or matrix which is the basic data entity. If the image operations are performed at the same speedthat a standard computer operates on a single binary digit the image processing speed is potentially increasedby a factor equal to the number of elements in the binary image. Computers that operate on binary imageshave come to be called tse computers. The word "tse" is Chinese for their writing characters which areactually stylized images.The main thrust of Goddard's tse computer program has been to develop logic arrays of 128 x 128 elementswhich perform over 16 thousand operations simultaneously and to develop techniques for connecting theselogic arrays in parallel.In this paper we will examine the hardware and requirements for building a massively parallel processorand see how these requirements can be met.Image DataSince processing is to be done on gray level images (or arrays of numbers), these inputs must be representedwith binary images. In Figure 1 they are shown represented by a sequence of binary images in exactly thesame manner that a sequence of binary digits represents a number in a standard computer.
Climate Simulations with an Isentropic Finite-Volume Dynamical Core

AbstractThis paper discusses the impact of changing the vertical coordinate from a hybrid pressure to a hybrid-isentropic coordinate within the finite-volume (FV) dynamical core of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Results from a 20-yr climate simulation using the new model coordinate configuration are compared to control simulations produced by the Eulerian spectral and FV dynamical cores of CAM, which both use a pressure-based (σ − P) coordinate. The same physical parameterization package is employed in all three dynamical cores.The isentropic modeling framework significantly alters the simulated climatology and has several desirable features. The revised model produces a better representation of heat transport processes in the atmosphere leading to much improved atmospheric temperatures. The authors show that the isentropic model is very effective in reducing the long-standing cold temperature bias in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, a deficiency shared among most climate models. The w...
State Policies and Islam in Europe: Milli Görüş in Germany and the Netherlands

This article examines how European state authorities are taking part in the shaping of Islam in Europe by comparing the impact of German and Dutch state policies on Islamic organisations such as Milli Gorus, a Turkish-origin political Islamic organisation. Milli Gorus in the Netherlands has cooperated with Dutch authorities and developed liberal Islamic interpretations, while German authorities list Milli Gorus among the top threats to the constitution. The difference between German and Dutch Milli Gorus has been created through the partially-exclusivist policies of Germany and the multicultural policies of the Netherlands. I suggest that, on the one hand, the Dutch socio-political system and multicultural policies actively promote public recognition of the Muslim community, provide for a transparent relationship between the state and Islamic organisations and make cooperation a more rewarding strategy for Islamic organisations to attain their goals. On the other hand, the German socio-political system an...
Inhibition of growth of PC-82 human prostate cancer line xenografts in nude mice by bombesin antagonist RC-3095 or combination of agonist [D-Trp6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin analog RC-160

The effects of treatment with a bombesin receptor antagonist [D-Tpi6, Leu13 psi (CH2NH) Leu14]BN(6-14)(RC-3095) and the combination of an agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [D-Trp6]-LH-RH and somatostatin analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val- Cys-Trp-NH2 (RC-160) were studied in nude mice bearing xenografts of the hormone-dependent human prostate tumor PC-82. During the 5 weeks of treatment, tumor growth was decreased in all treated groups compared with controls. Bombesin antagonist RC-3095 and the combination of [D-Trp6]-LH-RH and RC-160 caused a greater inhibition of tumor growth than [D-Trp6]-LH-RH or RC-160 alone as based on measurement of tumor volume and percentage change in tumor volume. The largest decrease in tumor weight was also seen in the groups treated with the bombesin antagonist and with the combination of RC-160 and [D-Trp6]-LH-RH. Serum prostatic-specific antigen levels were greatly decreased, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as well as growth hormone levels were reduced in all treated groups. Specific binding sites for [D-Trp6]-LH-RH, epidermal growth factor (EGF), IGF-I, and somatostatin (SS-14) were found in the tumor membranes. Receptors for EGF were significantly down-regulated by treatment with the bombesin antagonist or RC-160. Combination of LH-RH agonists with somatostatin analog RC-160 might be considered for improvement of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. The finding that bombesin antagonist RC-3095 inhibits the growth of PC-82 prostate cancer suggests the merit of further studies to evaluate the possible usefulness of antagonists of bombesin in the management of prostatic carcinoma.
On nash theory of Arc structure of singularities

Si ha l'intenzione d'incominciare lo studio sistematico della teoria abbozzata da John Nash circa venticinque anni fa, dove si associa a una varieta algebrica singolare X spazi i cui ponti corrispondono genericamente a troncature di certi rami analitici parametrizati su X. In questo articolo si presentano accuratamente i fondamenti della teoria. Inoltre, con questi metodi (e nozioni della teoria della equisingolarita per le curve sghembe) s'introducono nuovi invarianti di una singolarita, si spera di studiarli piu accuratamente in futuri lavori.
Compressive Stability of Delaminated Random Short-Fiber Composites, Part I—Modeling and Methods of Analysis

The compressive stability of delaminated random short-fiber composites is con sidered. A mechanistic model is introduced for the problem. Both buckling stability and crack stability (i.e., delamination growth) are investigated. Two analytical methods are developed for studying the buckling stability of the delaminated com posites. The first is formulated on the basis of the well-known Rayleigh-Ritz method, including transverse shear in the composite and distorsional deformation in the delaminated ligament. The second method employs a plane-elasticity, finite-element buckling analysis. Both local buckling and coupled global and local buckling are ex amined. A fracture mechanics approach is used to study the possible compressive crack growth at buckling. The validity of the model and the accuracy and efficiency of the methods of analysis are demonstrated and discussed.
Cognitive Bases for Liking and Disliking among Preschool Children.

HAYES, DONALD S. Cognitive Bases for Liking and Disliking among Preschool Children. CHmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 906-909. This study was designed to assess the cognitive bases for liking and disliking among preschool children. The subjects were required to report verbally why they liked their best friend and why they disliked someone they knew. Content analyses of responses indicated that propinquity, common activities, general play, evaluation, and physical possessions all provide reliable bases for liking friends. Rule violation, aggression, and aberrant behavor were found to reflect reliable dimensions of disliking. Differences were also found in the frequency with which males versus females are disliked. The data were interpreted as supporting an extension of the first stage of Bigelow's sequential-invariance model to young children.
SU-C-105-02: Real-Time Treatment Guidance Using An IR Navigation System for Pleural PDT

Purpose: Pleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in conjunction with surgical debulking of the tumorous tissue in treatment for mesothelioma. Uniform light fluence distribution is critical for effective and predictable PDT outcome. Current treatment methods involve monitoring the light dose delivered with 8 detectors that are located at various locations inside the pleural cavity. A tracking and real-time feedback system can be utilized to improve the uniformity of light. Methods: An infrared (IR) tracking camera to monitor the movement of the light source. The same system is used to determine the pleural contour geometry of the treatment area. This study examines the fluence (rate) delivered between measurement and calibration in phantom studies. Isotropic detectors were used for in-vivo light dosimetry. The tracking data for the light source was used to calculate the light fluence rate delivered which was then compared with the in-vivo measurement. The real-time feedback software developed shows the tracking data and calculations during treatment time, enabling more uniform treatment of the pleural cavity. Results: Using the real-time feedback system, we are able to match the calculated fluence rate with the in-vivo measurements. Furthermore, we are able to treat more effectively and uniformly with the feedback software. The light fluence rate can have up to 50% deviation compared to the prescription in phantom experiments. With the navigation system, we are able to collect more data regarding the light delivered and the location to which the light was delivered. Conclusion: The IR camera has been used successfully during pleural PDT patient treatment to track the motion of the light source. It is possible to use the feedback system to deliver a more uniform dose of light throughout the pleural cavity.
Minimum Sintering Temperatures of Fluidizable Particles

Experimental methods to determine minimum sintering temperatures of a variety of granules such as polymers, glass, coal, inorganic salts, etc. are presented. These methods include the use of a dilatometer in which the contraction-dilation characteristics of a small sample is measured, a differential scanning calorimeter test and an Instron machine by which yield strengths are measured. It is clearly shown that for the majority of materials studied, the different methods give similar values for the minimum sintering temperature but that the dilatometer experiment is the simplest as well as the most reliable method. Since the minimum sintering temperature is always less than the solid's melting point, an efficient method of measuring this temperature is very important for all fluidizable granules subjected to high temperatures. The danger of agglomeration during fluidization increases tremendously at temperatures higher than minimum sintering and therefore special precautions must be taken to avoid defluidization under these conditions.