cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LITTER QUALITY AND THE TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF DECOMPOSITION

The temperature sensitivity of litter decomposition will influence the rates of ecosystem carbon sequestration in a warmer world. A number of studies have shown that the temperature sensitivity of litter decomposition can vary depending on litter type and extent of decomposition. However, the underlying causes of this variation are not well understood. According to fundamental principles of enzyme kinetics, the temperature sen- sitivity of microbial decomposition should be inversely related to litter carbon quality. We tested the accuracy of this hypothesis by adding ground plant shoot and root material to soils incubated under controlled conditions and measuring the temperature sensitivities of decomposition at three time points throughout a 53-d incubation. As the overall quality of the litter organic C declined, litter decomposition became more sensitive to temperature. This was true regardless of whether differences in C quality were due to inherent differences in litter chemistry or due to differences in the extent of decomposition. The same pattern was observed when specific C compounds of varying quality were added to soil, suggesting that substrate C quality has a significant and predictable influence on the temperature sensitivity of microbial decomposition.
The Structure of Poliovirus at 2.9 Å Resolution: Crystallographic Methods and Biological Implications

Poliovirus is a member of the Picornavirus family, which also includes a number of biologically significant pathogens such as hepatitis A virus, foot and mouth disease virus, the coxsackie viruses, and the rhinoviruses. The poliovirus capsid is approximately 300 A in diameter, with a mass of 8.4 million daltons. It is composed of sixty copies each of the four capsid proteins VP1 , VP2, VP3, and VP4 (approximately 33, 30, 26, and 7.5 kilodaltons, respectively), arranged to form a T=l icosahedral shell. The capsid encloses one molecule of single stranded message sense RNA of approximately 7500 nucleotides (2.5 million daltons)1. In nature, there are three known stable serotypes of poliovirus, and within each serotype there is a large number of strains. We have solved the structure of the Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus at 2.9 A resolution2. Recently, Rossmann et al.3have reported the structure of a closely related virus, rhinovirus 14.
Carbon Changes During the Growth of Loblolly Pine on Formerly Cultivated Soil: The Calhoun Experimental Forest, U.S.A.

Although deforestation and reforestation profoundly affect the global carbon cycle (Schlesinger, 1990, 1991; Sundquist, 1993), our understanding of the forest carbon cycle from the local to the global scale is limited. This incomplete understanding is in part due to the lack of long-term forest experiments with permanent soil plots and archived soil samples. Such experiments will increase in usefulness as forest lands are managed with ever greater intensity, as forest lands continue to be cleared and converted to other uses and where cultivated soil is afforested.
Patterns of deleterious variation between human populations reveal an unbalanced load

Each human individual carries ∼30–60 de novo mutations that arose in the germ line of his or her parents (1). At the population level, the result is a massive influx of new mutations every generation, whose evolutionary trajectory is shaped by the joint effects of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary forces. Indeed, considerable information about human history, including changes in population size, structure, and timings of major diasporas, is embedded in extant patterns of neutral genetic variation (2). For example, genetic data from global human populations show a striking gradient of declining genetic diversity with distance from Africa, which has been attributed to serial founder effects associated with the Out-of-Africa migration and subsequent global expansion (3–5). However, in contrast to neutral variation, considerably less is known about geographic patterns of deleterious variation, the fate of which is governed by both random genetic drift and purifying selection. In PNAS, Henn et al. (6) address this question by performing whole-genome sequencing of 54 individuals from seven geographically diverse populations. The authors show that differences in demographic history among populations have influenced patterns of deleterious mutations in a manner predicted by a model of serial founder effects during geographic range expansions (Fig. 1). In addition to revealing new insights into the interaction between selection and demography during recent human evolution, the study quantifies within- and between-population variation in mutational burden, with implications for predicting individual disease risk.
O DIREITO DA DISSIDÊNCIA E A DÍVIDA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS COM HERÓDOTO E TUCÍDIDES

The United States prides itself as a country that respects free speech, the right of all persons to criticize the government even in times of war. However, it was not always so. The events related to World War I brought the first cases raising free speech issues to the U.S. Supreme Court. While several justices, in particular, Oliver Wendell Holmes, praised free speech, the Court upheld all the Government prosecutions of dissidents. It has taken nearly a century since those cases for the Supreme Court to come full circle and now protect those who criticize the Government in time of war. When the Court changed its views to create the modern protections, it relied on philosophical justifications for free speech that go all the way back to the ancient Greeks, 2,400 years ago. The modern justification for free speech relies on these philosophers from ancient Greece. There is little new under the sun. While governments typically believe that, for the public good, they must censor speech and squelch dissenters in time of war, the Greeks believed that their free speech made them stronger, not weaker. There are those who argue it is more difficult for a democracy to go to war because it cannot conduct the war successfully if the people oppose it and dissenters remain free to criticize. That is a good thing, not a bad thing. In modern times, no democracy has warred against another. As Pericles reminds us, “[t]he great impediment to action is, in our opinion, not discussion, but the want of knowledge that is gained by discussion preparatory to action.” As other countries embrace democracy and protections for dissidents, our increased freedoms should bring us more peace and less war.
Leaping Locomotion in Mycetophila cingulum (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): Prepupation Dispersal Mechanism

The legless larvae of the fungus gnat Mycetophila cingulum Meigen leap distances up to 20-fold their body length. Leaping occurs during the prepupal stage when larvae disperse from the host fungus, Polyporus squamosus Micheli ex Fr., to pupate in the substrate. A larva curls into a tight loop and snaps forward, catapulting itself as much as 15 cm. The jump appears to involve a series of cuticular pegs not previously described. Structural adaptations and mechanics of the jump mechanism are examined. Mature larvae leave the fungus in fairly close synchrony, between 1700 and 2200 hours. Larvae within the fungus that do not disperse during this period wait until subsequent days, when they disperse at approximately the same time. Such gated prepupation circadian behaviors have been described for other insect larvae and appear to be under hormone control in those insects.
Management of viral infections in AIDS patients.

Viral infections, predominantly those of the herpes virus family, account for up to 16% of all clinically significant infections in AIDS patients. Acyclovir has provided successful treatment in AIDS patients suffering from severe herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus infections. Preliminary results are presented on newly developed acyclovir analogues. Desciclovir, an oral prodrug of acyclovir which is metabolized to acyclovirin vivo, allows treatment of virus infections per os, where high serum levels are needed, e.g. in Epstein-Barr virus infections. BW B759U, another analogue of acyclovir, has been used for the treatment of life-threatening or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infections in AIDS patients. More than 80% of the patients treated for retinitis experienced stabilization or clinical improvement. Antiviral efficacy was demonstrated in 73% of the patients. Azidothymidine, a nucleoside analogue of thymidine, has been developed specifically to treat the HIV infection. Its antiviral activity is based on inhibition of reverse transcriptase. Phase I studies have demonstrated that azidothymidine is well tolerated. Its ability to cross the blood brain barrier makes it an attractive candidate for treatment of HIV. Trials to determine efficacy are in progress.
Research Note: Hepatic Tocopherol Concentration in Turkeys as Influenced by Dietary Vitamin E and Fat

Abstract Hepatic α-tocopherol concentrations (TC) are reported in turkeys fed corn-soybean meal type diets containing no added fat (control, C), 8% animal fat (A), 8% hydrolyzed animal-vegetable fat (AV), or 8% soybean oil (S) and supplemented factorially with 0,10, or 300 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA)/kg diet. Increasing dietary ATA resulted in greater hepatic TC. At 0 mg ATA/kg diet, hepatic TC was higher and lower with S and AV supplementation, respectively, than with C or A supplementation. At 10 mg ATA/kg diet, hepatic TC was higher with C and decreased stepwise with S, A, and AV supplementation. There was a strong inverse relationship between liver storage of vitamin E and development of tissue rancidity.
Distribution of Mumps Virus in Tissue Cultures as Determined by Fluorescein-Labeled Antiserum.

SummaryFluorescein-labeled antibody has been successfully employed in the localization of mumps virus in cultures of various types of chick embryonic tissues infected in vitro. The distribution of the virus was found to be restricted to the cytoplasm of the cells which came in direct contact with the inoculum irrespective of the kind of tissue used in the culture.
Reversible Gating of Plasmonic Coupling for Optical Signal Amplification.

Amplification of optical signals is useful for a wide variety of applications, ranging from data signal transmission to chemical sensing and biomedical diagnostics. One such application in chemical sensing is surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), an important technique for increasing the Raman signal using the plasmonic effect of enhanced electromagnetic fields associated with metallic nanostructures. One of the most important limitations of SERS-based amplification is the difficulty to reproducibly control the SERS signal. Here, we describe the design and implementation of a unique hybrid system capable of producing reversible gating of plasmonic coupling for Raman signal amplification. The hybrid system is composed of two subsystems: (1) colloidal magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles for SERS enhancement and (2) a micromagnet substrate with an externally applied magnetic field to modulate the colloidal nanoparticles. For this proof of concept demonstration, the nanoparticles were labeled with a Raman-act...
Important Behavioral Skills for is Project Managers: The Judgments of Experienced is Professionals:

A competent IS project manager is regarded as the most critical factor for project success. Prior research has identified 18 important behavioral skills for IS project managers. This research study...
Response Properties of Neurons in the Avian Auditory System: Comparisons with Mammalian Homologues and Consideration of the Neural Encoding of Complex Stimuli

The neural encoding of so-called “biologically relevant” sounds has been one focus for the efforts of auditory neurophysiologists in recent years (e.g., Woorden and Galambos 1972). Studies on amphibians have shown that the peripheral auditory systems of these animals are highly specialized for the processing of species-specific vocalizations (Frishkopf, Capranica, and Goldstein 1968). Cells have been described in the auditory cortex of squirrel monkeys that respond only to a very limited set of the vocalizations produced by these species (Newman and Wollberg 1973); the responses of such cells to these vocalizations are not easily explained in terms of their response to “simple” stimuli such as tones. Similarly, Leppelsack and Vogt (1976) and Scheich, Langner, and Koch (1977) have found cells in the avian field L and nucleus magnocellularis lateralis pars dorsalis whose selective responsiveness to vocalizations are not easily explained in terms of a relationship between those single frequencies that excite the neuron and the spectral content of the vocalizations. Suga (1978) has described a neural organization in the auditory cortex of bats that is highly specialized for the echolocation functions of these animals. Knudsen and Konishi (1978) have also demonstrated an exquisite neural substrate of sound localizations in the MLD of the barn owl, Tyco alba. As a result of these various lines of research, it now appears that at least a portion of the auditory system is a hierarchically organized analyzing network in which is found a progressive degree of abstraction of the acoustic signal as one proceeds centrally along the auditory pathway (Bullock 1977, p. 300).
Rhetoric and performing anger : Proserpina's gift and Chaucer's Merchant's tale.

Although scholars have historically minimized the relationship between medieval grammatical and rhetorical traditions and Chaucer9s poetics, Proserpina9s angry speech in the Merchant9s Tale represents the intersection of medieval classroom grammar exercises, Geoffrey of Vinsauf9s theory of delivery, and poetics. Proserpina9s angry speech reveals that her rhetoric is calculated to subvert the masculine power structures that surround her. Such a focus on Chaucer9s depiction of women9s persuasive tactics helps to highlight Chaucer9s deep engagement with rhetoric beginning in the 13809s. Moreover, this investigation asks for increased attention to the overlap between classroom grammatical traditions, rhetorical theory, and medieval poetics.
Enzymes and microorganisms in food industry waste processing and conversion to useful products: A review of the literature

Abstract Bioconversion of food processing wastes is receiving increased attention with the realization that waste components represent an available and utilizable resource for conversion to useful products. Liquid wastes are characterized as dilute streams containing sugars, starches, proteins, and fats. Solid wastes are generally cellulosic, but may contain other biopolymers. The greatest potential for economic bioconversion is represented by processes to convert cellulose to glucose, glucose to alcohol and protein, starch to invert sugar, and dilute waste streams to methane by anaerobic digestion. Microbial or enzymatic processes to accomplish these conversions are described.
Optimization of a Functionally Graded Material Stem in the Femoral Component of a Cemented Hip Arthroplasty: Influence of Dimensionality of FGM

The longevity of hip prostheses is contingent on the stability of the implant within the cavity of the femur bone. The cemented fixation was mostly adopted owing to offering the immediate stability from cement-stem and cement-bone bonding interfaces after implant surgery. Yet cement damage and stress shielding of the bone were proven to adversely affect the lifelong stability of the implant, especially among younger subjects who tend to have an active lifestyle. The geometry and material distribution of the implant can be optimized more efficiently with a three-dimensional realistic design of a functionally graded material (FGM). We report an efficient numerical technique for achieving this objective, for maximum performance stress shielding and the rate of early accumulation of cement damage were concurrently minimized. Results indicated less stress shielding and similar cement damage rates with a 2D-FGM implant compared to 1D-FGM and Titanium alloy implants.
Synthesis of 2D Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks through Formal Transimination Reactions.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, permanently porous, two-dimensional or three-dimensional polymers with tunable topology and functionality. COFs linked with imines or β-ketoenamines are more chemically stable than their boron-linked counterparts, making them more promising for a broad range of applications, including energy storage devices, proton-conductive membranes, and catalyst supports. We report a general and scalable method for synthesizing imine- and β-ketoenamine-linked COFs based on the formal transimination of N-aryl benzophenone imines. These substrates are often the synthetic precursors of traditional polyfunctional aryl amine monomers and are more stable, soluble, and easy to handle and purify. The imine- and β-ketoenamine-linked COFs obtained from this approach show excellent materials quality, as characterized by X-ray diffraction and surface area analysis. The most optimized COF exhibited a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (>2600 m2/g) very close to its theoretical v...
Influence of Turbidity on the Incidence of Sound Production in Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina

Increased sound production by fishes, which is used for communication during mating, in territorial defense, and possibly in echolocation, has been associated with decreased light and increased temperature and salinity (Luczkovich et al. 2008; Mok and Gilmore 1983). There has not been an attempt to associate changes in sound production with other environmental factors such as turbidity. Sediment deposition and resuspension commonly occur in estuaries due to changes in current velocity and direction, water runoff, and wave height. These factors can lead to shearing on the bed surface and thus an overall increase in water column turbidity (Whitehouse et al. 2000). It has been hypothesized that increased water column turbidity will lead to increased sound production in fishes because visual cues will be impaired. The goal of this research is to associate the incidence of sound production by Micropogonias undulatus (Atlantic croaker) to variations in estuarine temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and particularly turbidity.
Irregular vectors of Hilbert space operators

Abstract A vector x in a Hilbert space H is called irregular for an operator T : H → H provided that sup n ‖ T n x ‖ = ∞ and inf n ‖ T n x ‖ = 0 . We establish some basic properties of operators having irregular vectors and present examples that highlight the relationship, or lack thereof, between irregularity and hypercyclicity.
Altering Diffusion Rates

In a recent article concerned with the relation between glucose absorption rate and serum globulin concentration in man the authors showed a direct linear relationship between glucose absorption rate in the jejunum and the serum γ-giobuiin concentration, with the glucose absorption rate decreasing as the γ-globulin concentration increased. (1) We have previously shown a direct linear relationship between the diffusivity of glucose in plasma and the γ-globulin concentration (2), which is almost exactly that seen in the previously-mentioned experiments. In both cases the variation of γ-globulin was over the physiological range, although those ranges were slightly different (Zambian African subjects for the glucose absorption studies and USA Caucasians for the diffusibity work). The striking similarity between the two sets of data brings to mind an interesting question of whether diffusion through plasma is of major importance in determining the rate of uptake and release of solutes by and from tissues.
Colchicine therapy of the renal amyloidosis of ulcerative colitis

Two patients with severe proteinuria, due to renal amyloidosis complicating chronic ulcerative colitis, improved remarkably with colchicine therapy. One patient with an initial daily urine protein excretion of 13.70 g had a reduction within 2 mo to 6.50 g and to 0.37 g after 9 yr. The other patient's daily urine protein excretion was 9.00 g. This was reduced to 5.10 g/day within 3 mo and was 0.53 g/day by 8 mo. Renal function remained stable or improved during the period of therapy. Colchicine resulted in rapid and prolonged benefit for these patients, despite their amyloid-induced nephrotic syndrome.
Hiring in Urban Labor Markets

Ten years ago, the central concern animating research on urban labor markets was the “underclass”—groups of low-income people, disproportionately, people of color, who remained cut off from the labor market. Discussion of urban labor markets, then as now, focused on racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans. No surprises there: Blacks and Latinos are more concentrated in metropolitan areas than non-Latino whites, and far more concentrated in central cities— more than twice as likely as whites to reside in these urban hubs (Harrison and Bennett 1995:Table 4A.1). At that time the social science consensus held that African Americans as a whole continued to make great strides in labor markets, as they had over the course of the century. As blacks moved out of the South into urban areas and achieved higher levels of education, their wages rose apace (Smith and Welch 1989). Civil rights laws and affirmative action seemed to clinch this progress: Black managers and professionals became increasingly common. The wages of black and white male college graduates had become nearly indistinguishable; black women’s wages surpassed those of white women (Freeman 1976, Wilson 1978).
Rationalizing Delinquency: Understanding the Person-situation Interaction through Item Response Theory:

Objectives:I argue that a person-situation complex of delinquent rationalizations can be conceptualized by relating rationalizations to item response theory (IRT), where approval of delinquency is ...
Multi-method teacher evaluation for high poverty schools: Observations and self-ratings of instructional and behavioral management

Abstract The investigation examined the degree to which data from a multi-method, multi-informant teacher evaluation project related to growth in student achievement as measured using the Measures of Academic Progress in high poverty charter schools. Investigators used two classroom observational measures (the Framework for Teaching and the Classroom Strategies Assessment System-Observer form) and two teacher self-report measures (the Instructional Learning Opportunities Guidance System and the Classroom Strategies Assessment System-Teacher form) in 15 high poverty charter schools to assess teacher performance as part of a school reform grant funded by the US Department of Education, Teacher Incentive Fund. Correlational analyses were conducted corresponding to each combination of method, content area, and criterion score type, as well as controlling for grade level. Bivariate correlations were modest and different than those found in previous research, and findings from multiple regression analyses favored different scores based on method and content area.
β-catenin-coordinated lncRNA MALAT1 up-regulation of ZEB-1 could enhance the telomerase activity in HGF-mediated differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes.

Abstract Objective To investigate role of β-catenin and lncRNA MALAT1/miR-217 axis to converge into the regulation of ZEB-1 in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced hepatocytes differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Methods BM-MSCs were isolated and HGF was used to induce the differentiation of BM-MSCs into hepatocytes. HSC-T6 cells, BRL-3 A cells and differentiated BM-MSCs were treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). shRNAs were used to silence β-catenin and recombinant plasmids were used to over-express ZEB1. Measurement of cell viability was conducted using MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was used to determine binding of miR-217-3p and MALAT1. Results BM-MSCs successfully differentiated into hepatocytes by HGF treatment. Expression of β-catenin, ZEB-1 and TERT was up-regulated to a higher level in hepatocytes differentiated from BM-MSCs than HSC-T6 cells and BRL-3 A cells after LPS stimulation. When β-catenin was knocked down in all cell lines, expression of β-catenin, ZEB-1 and TERT was significantly decreased as well as telomerase activity. While when ZEB1 was over-expressed, expression of TERT and telomerase activity was all significantly up-regulated. In hepatocytes differentiated from BM-MSCs, miR-217 was down-regulated and lncRNA MALAT1 was up-regulated. RIP analysis showed MALAT1 was physically associated with miR-217 and might function in the regulation of ZEB-1, further enhancing the expression of TERT so as to augment telomerase activity. Conclusion We successfully used HGF to mediate differentiation of BM-MSCs into hepatocytes, and found that β-catenin-coordinated MALAT1/miR-217 axis could up-regulate expression of ZEB-1 and further enhanced the telomerase activity through regulation of TERT in BM-MSCs differentiating into hepatocytes.
The caudate nucleus contributes causally to decisions that combine noisy visual evidence and reward context

Abstract Decision making is a complex process that interprets sensory information within the context of non-sensory factors such as reward expectation. How this process is implemented in the brain remains unclear. Here we show that, in monkeys making decisions based on noisy visual evidence and asymmetric reward context, neuronal activity in the caudate nucleus varies with evidence strength and reward context during decision formation, at both the population and single-neuron levels. Electrical microstimulation during motion viewing also induced changes in decision behavior that depended on neural activity patterns at the stimulation site. Within a drift-diffusion framework, distinct correlation patterns of the microstimulation effects on multiple parameters suggest that caudate neurons transform reward context information into a common signal to coordinate adjustments in decision-related computations and participate more directly to implement decision bound-and evidence accumulation-related computations. These results establish a central, causal role of the caudate nucleus in complex decision decision-making.
Observation of Both Thermal First-Order and Photochemical Zero-Order Kinetics in the Rearrangement of [6,5] Open Fulleroids to [6,6] Closed Fullerenes

A series of [6,5] open fulleroids with radical stabilizing groups on the methano bridge were synthesized and their rearrangements to the more stable [6,6] closed fullerenes studied. These [6,5] open fulleroids all rearrange both by a zero-order photochemical process and by a higher energy unimolecular pathway involving disrotatory closure to the [6,5] closed fullerene, which subsequently rearranges to the [6,6] closed fullerene via a biradical-like intermediate.
Sowing Women, Harvesting a Nation: Rethinking Mozambican Female Discourses in Paulina Chiziane’s Niketche: Uma História de Poligamia

Paulina Chiziane opens her novel, Niketche: Uma Historia de Poligamia (translated to English as The First Wife ), with a Zambezian proverb that says: “A woman is earth. If you don’t sow her, or water her, she will produce nothing”. The statement establishes a pathway into a world that has yet to be deeply explored through literature: the universe of Mozambican women represented through the eyes of a Mozambican female writer. Chiziane’s gaze into the female condition allows for a particular interpretation to the epigraph, because even though we could understand it as a compliment to women, it also raises basic questions regarding the position of females in society: Who sows and waters the earth, so it can be productive? By making a third party responsible for women’s productivity, aren’t we ignoring their capacity to be fecund regardless of interference by others? Who determines the circumstances under which women are supposed to be fertile (in every sense of the word)? Bearing these questions in mind, I aim to show how Chiziane reinvents what it means to be a Mozambican woman, and how she subverts the dominant national sociopolitical structure that denies women’s fundamental participation in the construction of a self-governing country. My argument is that Niketche explores the limitations imposed on women by society, so the consequent liberation of female bodies– physically, psychologically, sexually, socially, and politically speaking – serves as a personification of the Mozambican decolonization. If Chiziane’s protagonist, Rami, must reimagine herself as an independent woman, Mozambique must re-examine and remake itself as independent from Portugal. The female body that fuels the narrative represents the “independent motherland” in a state of auto-recognition, searching for acknowledgment (and reinterpretation) from both within and outside the country’s borders.
Concurrent versus sequential neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

395Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is the standard of care for locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, with most patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiatio...
Optimizing the implementation of a population panel management intervention in safety-net clinics for pediatric hypertension (The OpTIMISe-Pediatric Hypertension Study)

Though clinical practice guidelines are available, the diagnosis of pediatric hypertension (HTN) is often missed. Management may not follow guidelines due to the measurement challenges in children, complexity of interpreting youth blood pressure standards that are dependent on height, age, and sex, familiarity with diagnostic criteria, and variable comfort with management of pediatric HTN among providers. Evidence suggests that wide adoption and adherence to pediatric HTN guidelines would result in lower cardiovascular disease and kidney damage in adulthood. The proposed project will develop an implementation strategy package to increase adherence to clinical practice guidelines for pediatric HTN within safety-net community health centers (CHCs). The centerpiece of which is a provider-facing population panel management (PPM) tool and point-of-care clinical decision support (CDS). Prior research indicates that multiple discrete implementation strategies (e.g., stakeholder involvement, readiness planning, training, ongoing audit and feedback) are needed to institute practice- and provider-level adoption of such tools. Using participatory research methods involving stakeholders from a practice-based research network of CHCs, with input from scientific advisors, the project aims to (1) employ user-centered design methods to tailor an existing CDS tool for use at the point of care and optimize cohort management with a PPM tool to support adherence to the latest pediatric HTN guidelines, and (2) use a stakeholder-driven method for selecting implementation strategies that support tool adoption and increase guideline-adherent physician behaviors. Multilevel process evaluation using surveys and key informant interview data will assess the acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, and feasibility of the PPM tool and its multicomponent implementation strategy package. Usability testing will be conducted with the PPM tool to iteratively refine features and ensure proper functionality. The proposed research has the potential to improve identification, diagnosis, and management of HTN in primary care settings for high-risk youth by assisting healthcare providers in implementing the American Academy of Pediatrics’ 2017 guidelines using an EHR-integrated PPM tool with CDS. Should the strategy package for PPM tool adoption be successful for pediatric HTN, findings will be translatable to other settings and PPM of other chronic cardiovascular conditions affecting overall population health.
Associations between objective afternoon and evening physical activity and objective sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia.

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from chronic pain, which limits physical activity and is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the relationship between physical activity, pain and sleep is unclear in these patients. This study examined whether actigraphic (Actiwatch-2, Philips Respironics) afternoon and evening activity and pain are associated with actigraphic sleep. Adults with FM and insomnia complaints (n = 160, mean age [Mage ] = 52, SD = 12, 94% female) completed 14 days of actigraphy. Activity levels (i.e., activity counts per minute) were recorded, and average afternoon/evening activity for intervals 12:00-3:00 PM, 3:00-6:00 PM and 6:00-9:00 PM was computed. Multiple linear regressions examined whether afternoon/evening activity, pain (daily evening diaries from 0 [no pain sensation] to 100 [most intense pain imaginable]), or their interaction, predicted sleep onset latency (SOL), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Greater afternoon activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = -0.08, p < .001), lower TST (β = -0.36, standard error [SE] = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.34, p < .001). Greater early evening activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = -0.06, p < .001), lower TST (β = -0.26, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.23, p < .001). Self-reported pain intensity interacted with afternoon and early evening physical activity, such that associations between higher activity and lower SE were stronger for individuals reporting higher pain. Late evening activity was not associated with sleep outcomes. Results suggest that in FM, increased afternoon and early evening physical activity is associated with sleep disturbance, and this relationship is stronger in individuals with higher pain.
The Strong AJ Conjecture for the Figure 8 Knot

Motivated by the theory of quantum A-ideals of Frohman-Gelca-LoFaro, the theory of q-holonomicity of quantum invariants of Garoufalidis-Le, and the AJ conjecture of Garoufalidis, Sikora formulated the strong AJ conjecture which relates the A-ideal and recurrence ideal of a knot in the 3-sphere. This conjecture has been verified for all torus knots and most of their cables. In this paper, we verify the strong AJ conjecture for the figure 8 knot.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor—Beyond CPAP

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive partial or complete airway collapse during sleep resulting in nocturnal hypoxia-normoxia cycling, and are at increased cardiovascular risk. The number of apneas and hypopneas indexed per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index) along with the associated intermittent hypoxia predict the increased cardiovascular risk; thus, their attenuation or prevention are objectives of OSA therapy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA and, when effective, mitigates the apnea-hypopnea index and hypoxemia. As such, it is reasonable to expect CPAP would decrease cardiovascular risk. However, 3 recent randomized clinical trials of CPAP vs usual care did not show any significant effects of CPAP in attenuating incident cardiovascular events in patients with OSA. In this review, we discuss these studies in addition to potential complementary therapeutic options to CPAP (eg, neurostimulation) and conclude with suggested therapeutic targets for future interventional studies (eg, the autonomic nervous system). Although these areas of research are exciting, they have yet to be tested to any similar degree of rigour as CPAP.
Untargeted metabolomics analysis identifies creatine, myo-inositol, and lipid pathway modulation in a murine model of tendinopathy.

Tendinopathy has been broadly characterized as alterations in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix turnover/synthesis, and inflammatory alterations. However, the underlying glucose metabolism pathways which contribute to these responses have not been well explored. The potential link between glucose metabolism and tendon pathology is interesting from a global standpoint since the development of spontaneous tendinopathy is associated with systemic metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the overarching goal of this study was to understand the potential pathogenic role of glucose metabolism-driven mechanisms in the development of tendinopathy. To test this, we have utilized an untargeted metabolomics approach to discover pathways which may be altered following tendinopathic injury and treadmill running in an established murine model of TGF-β1 induced tendinopathy. While specific tendon glucose alterations were not observed via metabolomics or 18 F-fluoroeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/microcomputed tomography imaging (18 F-FDG PET/CT), metabolites including creatinine, D-chiro-inositol, and lipids were dysregulated following tendon injury. As novel pathways for manipulation, the creatine pathway, myo-inositol pathway, and lipid signaling may lead to the development of enhanced preventative strategies and therapeutic options for all patients who suffer from tendon-related injuries.
Against simplicity

Sometimes metaphysicians appeal to simplicity as a reason to prefer one metaphysical theory to another, especially when a philosophical dispute has otherwise reached a state of equilibrium. In this paper, I show that given a Quinean conception of metaphysics, several initially plausible justifications for simplicity as a metaphysical criterion do not succeed. If philosophers wish to preserve simplicity as a metaphysical criterion, therefore, they must radically reconceive the project of metaphysics.
Analysis of a fatal accident in a highly enriched uranium facility

Abstract A fatal critical accident in a compact, water moderated and highly enriched (90%) MTR facility is analyzed. A very detailed Monte Carlo model was used to define the initial conditions and the reactivity coefficients. The MCNP code was used to model all the heterogeneities of the facility. Once the reactivity parameters were calculated the kinetics equations were solved coupling them with the thermodynamics conditions of the core and the steady water. The power pulse was then calculated and compared with radiological data.
Platelet-derived growth factor-inducible gene JE is a member of a family of small inducible genes related to platelet factor 4.

Abstract The platelet-derived growth factor-inducible gene JE was found to encode a 148-residue basic (pI = 10.4) secretory protein which shows striking similarity to the gene products of a family of small inducible genes (SIG), LD78, TCA3, IP10, 3-10C, 9E3/pCEF4, and gro/MGSA, and to several of the proteins secreted from platelet alpha-granules. Members of the SIG family have spatially conserved cysteine residues that vary in distance by only one amino acid residue as well as conserved proline residues at analogous sites. Hydrophilicity plots show alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains which are similar for all members of the SIG family except IP10 and platelet factor 4, which show similarities to each other. The genomic organization of SIG family members is similar in the location of the splice junctions and the number of introns and exons, suggesting that they were derived from a common ancestor. The collective evidence suggests that a family of inducible cytokines, which are mitogenic or chemotactic, may act as intercellular coordinators of diverse responses designed to combat infection and promote the healing and regeneration of injured tissue.
Multi-valued functional decomposition as a machine learning method

In the past few years, several authors have presented methods of using functional decomposition as applied to machine learning. These authors explore the ideas of functional decomposition, but left the concepts of machine learning to the papers that they reference. In general, they never fully explain why a logic synthesis method should be applied to machine learning. This paper explores and presents the basic concepts of machine learning, and how some concepts match nicely with multi-valued logic synthesis, while others pose great difficulties. The main reason for using multi-valued synthesis is that many problems are naturally multi-valued (i.e., values taken from a discrete set). Thus, mapping the problem directly to a multi-valued set of inputs and outputs is much more natural than encoding the problem into a binary form. The paper also shows that any multi-valued logic synthesis method could be applied to the machine learning problem. But, this paper focuses on multivalued functional decomposition because of its generality of minimizing a given data set.
Bidtree Ordering in IDA* Combinatorial Auction Winner-Determination with Side Constraints

We extend Sandholm's bidtree-based IDA* algorithm for combinatorial auction winner determination to deal with negotiation over tasks with precedence constraints. We evaluate its performance, and show that the order of items in the bidtree has a major impact on performance. Specifically, performance is enhanced if the items with the largest numbers of bids are at the top of the bidtree. This is due to the fact that the effective branching factor in the search tree is controlled by the number of bids returned from a query to the bidtree, which in turn is strongly related to its construction.
Airborne and groundbased spectrophotometry of comet P/Halley from 5–13 micrometers

Spectrophotometry from 5–10μm (Δλ/λ ≈ 0.02) of comet Halley was obtained from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory on 1985 December 12.1 and 1986 April 8.6 and 10.5, UT. 8–13 μm data were obtained on 17.2 December 1985 from the Nickel Telescope at Lick Observatory. The spectra show a strong broad emission band at 10 μm and a weak feature at 6.8 μm. We do not confirm the strong 7.5 μm emission feature observed by the Vega 1 spacecraft.
Preparation of ciliary and flagellar remnants.

Publisher Summary Gentle heating selectively depolymerizes or “melts” the microtubules of axonemes in vivo and in vitro. In both cases, considerable mass remains after thermal treatment. When the proper conditions are chosen, the tubulin derived from thermal fractionation is polymerization competent, suggesting that selective tubulin removal is not simply a denaturation artifact. The ninefold symmetry of the organelle is retained, as is its full length, from basal body to tapering tip, after solubilization of most of the tubulin of the 9 + 2 structure. This “ciliary remnant” retains most of the structural or architectural (nontubulin, nondynein) proteins of the axoneme, perhaps most significant among them being the tektins, the integral microtubule proteins that form the A-B junctional protofilaments of the outer doublets. In the case of flagella, the ninefold cylindrical structure is generally not retained, although under low-shear conditions, sheets of nine doublets will fractionate to sheets of nine singlets and further fractionation will yield insoluble long, fibrous material that will retain the same kinds of proteins as in cilia but having no ordered cylindrical structure. There is a “centriolar rim” structure that retained the basic ninefold configuration after removal of the triplet microtubules from isolated centrioles by either high ionic strength or extremes of pH. Considering that both the ninefold symmetry and the final length may be a function of the proteins that form these remnants or skeletons, study of remnants may provide some insight into the mechanism of centriole or basal body formation, ciliogenesis, and length regulation. Identification of remnant-specific proteins is useful for exploring pathways for their differential incorporation into growing cilia. This chapter presents the experiment on remnant fractionation. In cilia, the A-tubule quickly follows but the A-tubule depolymerization is generally slower in flagella. The flagellar B-subfiber is far more stable than the ciliary B-subfiber to low-ionic-strength dialysis.
Back-propagation neural network for nonlinear self-tuning adaptive control

A backpropagation neural network is applied to a nonlinear self-tuning tracking problem. Traditional self-tuning adaptive control techniques can only deal with linear systems or some special nonlinear systems. The emerging backpropagation neural networks have the capability to learn arbitrary nonlinearity and show great potential for adaptive control applications. A scheme for combining backpropagation neural networks with self-tuning adaptive control techniques is proposed. The control mechanism is analyzed. Simulation results show that the new self-tuning scheme can deal with a large unknown nonlinearity. >
Energy expenditure in preadolescent African American and white boys and girls: the Baton Rouge Children's Study

Background: Low energy expenditure has been identified as a potential risk factor for body fat gain. Objective: The objective was to determine the relations between race, sex, body fat, and energy expenditure. Design: As part of the Baton Rouge Children's Study, energy expenditure was examined in 131 preadolescent African American and white girls and boys, further stratified as obese or lean. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of food were measured by indirect calorimetry. Fat-free mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry To account for differences in body size, energy expenditure variables were adjusted with the use of fat-free mass or fat-free mass and fat mass as covariates. Results: The African American children had lower TDEE and RMR than did the white children. A lower level of energy expended in physical activity by the African American girls and a lower RMR in the African American boys accounted for the racial differences in TDEE. The white boys had a higher RMR than did the white girls. The girls had a lower TDEE and expended less energy in activity than did the boys. Energy expended in activity was lower in the obese children. Conclusions: The African American children expended less energy than did the white children. The obese children spent less time engaged in activity or engaged in lower-intensity activity. Obese children may maintain their obese state by spending less time in physical activity, but they do not have a reduced RMR or thermic effect of food.
Performance evaluation of frequency hopped receiver oriented spread spectrum packet radio networks

The author examines the multiple-access capability of frequency-hopped, receiver-oriented, spread-spectrum packet radio networks. The most important indicator of the multiple-access capability of a spread-spectrum packet radio network is the induced packet error probability. The interdependence of byte errors of the desired transmission (i.e. packet) due to the multiple access interference caused by other packets is determined. An exact method and two approximation methods for the computation of the packet error probability are proposed. The results indicate that the byte errors exhibit a Markovian structure. >
Replication of Cat Leukaemia Virus in Cell suspension Cultures

LEUKAEMIA (lymphosarcoma) virus (FLV) has been detected in cat tissue and plasma1–3. The “C”-type virus, in addition to replicating from plasma and vacuolar membranes of a variety of cell types, is also morphologically similar to murine leukaemia viruses4. While studying in vitro bovine leukaemia our group established a successful method for propagation of lymphoid cell suspension cultures5. These lymphoid cells had a hyperdiploid chromosome complement and they were devoid of recognizable virus. Because tissue from cats with leukaemia contains “C”-type virus, we have tested to see if cells grown in suspension cultures derived from such tissue continue to replicate leukaemia virus in culture. We now report the development of a successful method for propagation of “C”-type FLV in lymphoid cells grown continuously in cell suspension, which should provide a standard and constant source of FLV.
YAP inhibition blocks uveal melanogenesis driven by GNAQ or GNA11 mutations

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common adult intraocular tumor. UM often involves activating mutations in guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide (GQ), or G Protein, α 11 (G11). We show that the Yes-associated protein (Yap) inhibitor verteporfin blocks tumor growth of Gq/11-mutated UM cells.