cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improvement in peripheral blood disease burden in patients with Sézary syndrome and leukemic mycosis fungoides after total skin electron beam therapy

Background There is a paucity of effective therapies for patients with Sezary syndrome and advanced mycosis fungoides with peripheral blood involvement. Total skin electron beam (TSEB) radiation therapy is an extremely effective skin-directed therapy for these patients, but, until recently, it was thought not to signifcantly affect the peripheral blood malignant T-cell population. Objective We conducted this study to determine if TSEB has therapeutic effect on the peripheral blood in patients with advanced mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Methods All patients on stable medication regimens seen in our photopheresis facility who received TSEB therapy between January 2008 and October 2011 at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, were analyzed retrospectively for improvement in the peripheral blood, as documented by flow cytometry. Results Six of 11 patients achieved 50% or greater decrease in their peripheral blood malignant T-cell population after TSEB therapy, for an overall response rate of 55%. Within the group of patients who had a response in the skin, 67% also had a response in the peripheral blood. Limitations This analysis is limited in 3 ways. First, the sample described is small. Second, the results may be confounded by the fact that each patient was on other systemic therapies in addition to TSEB, albeit stable pre-existing regimens. The time interval between completion of TSEB therapy and repetition of flow cytometry was not standardized among patients, which may result in an underestimation of the overall response to TSEB therapy. Conclusion In patients with advanced mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, the peripheral blood tumor burden may improve after treatment with TSEB.
Regulation of the latent-lytic switch in Epstein–Barr virus

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of several different types of human malignancy, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. As a herpesvirus, EBV can establish latent or lytic infection in cells. EBV-positive tumors are composed almost exclusively of cells with latent EBV infection. Strategies for inducing the lytic form of EBV infection in tumor cells are being investigated as a potential therapy for EBV-positive tumors. In this article, we review how cellular and viral proteins regulate the latent-lytic EBV switch in infected B cells and epithelial cells, and discuss how harnessing lytic viral reactivation might be used therapeutically.
A-stable, accurate averaging of multistep methods for stiff differential equations

Several low-order numerical solutions of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations are computed by repeated integration, using a multistep formula with parameters. By forming suitable linear combinations of such solutions, higher-order solutions are obtained. If the parameters are properly chosen the underlying solutions, and thus the higher-order one, can be madAe A-stable and strongly damping with respect to the stiff components of the system. A detailed description is given of an algorithmic implementation of the method, which is computationally efficient. Numerical experiments are carried out on some test problems, confirming the validity of the method.
CML: a brief history

Abstract This article summarizes the history of N e -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), from its discovery as a product of cleavage of Amadori adducts on proteins, to its recognition as the major Maillard reaction product in tissue proteins, and its role as an indicator of glycoxidative, lipoxidative, oxidative and carbonyl stress in biological systems. We also discuss the pathophysiological significance of CML and present directions for future research.
Alexander and the Almohads: telling the stories of antiquity before and after Las Navas

In this essay, I examine the extent to which the narration of versions of the life of Alexander the Great were responsive to the battle at Las Navas de Tolosa, and the ways in which subsequent generations of writers used those romances to explore the battle and its consequences. With particular reference to two codices, containing strikingly similar collections of texts relating both to the life of Alexander the Great and to the rise of the Almohad Empire, I describe the persistence of Alexander romances in the construction of memory and note the similar ways in which later Jewish and Christian historians used them to reflect upon the battle at Las Navas de Tolosa and its religious and political underpinnings.
An emissivity-based wind vector retrieval algorithm for the WindSat polarimetric radiometer

The Naval Research Laboratory WindSat polarimetric radiometer was launched on January 6, 2003 and is the first fully polarimetric radiometer to be flown in space. WindSat has three fully polarimetric channels at 10.7, 18.7, and 37.0 GHz and vertically and horizontally polarized channels at 6.8 and 23.8 GHz. A first-generation wind vector retrieval algorithm for the WindSat polarimetric radiometer is developed in this study. An atmospheric clearing algorithm is used to estimate the surface emissivity from the measured WindSat brightness temperature at each channel. A specular correction factor is introduced in the radiative transfer equation to account for excess reflected atmospheric brightness, compared to the specular assumption, as a function wind speed. An empirical geophysical model function relating the surface emissivity to the wind vector is derived using coincident QuikSCAT scatterometer wind vector measurements. The confidence in the derived harmonics for the polarimetric channels is high and should be considered suitable to validate analytical surface scattering models for polarized ocean surface emission. The performance of the retrieval algorithm is assessed with comparisons to Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) wind vector outputs. The root mean square (RMS) uncertainty of the closest wind direction ambiguity is less than 20/spl deg/ for wind speeds greater than 6 m/s and less than 15/spl deg/ at 10 m/s and greater. The retrieval skill, the percentage of retrievals in which the first-rank solution is the closest to the GDAS reference, is 75% at 7 m/s and 85% or higher above 10 m/s. The wind speed is retrieved with an RMS uncertainty of 1.5 m/s.
Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation and cardiomyopathy in genetically diabetic mice: the effect of estrone treatment.

The alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase are phosphorylated after incubation of cardiac mitochondria from genetically diabetic mice with [γ-32P]ATP. There is significantly increased incorporation of 32P into pyruvate dehydrogenase from diabetic mice when compared to controls. The enhanced rate of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation correlates well with the previously reported defective oxidative metabolism and decreased activity of this enzyme from diabetic mice. The relationship between abnormal mitochondrial function and development of cardiomyopathy in the diabetic mice has been studied further by in vivo estrone treatment. The results indicate that ultrastructural alterations of myocardium are closely associated with the defective pyruvate oxidation (via phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase) and both processes can be prevented by 7–12 weeks estrone treatment.
Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. I. Morphological effects of elimination of all microneurons with prolonged x-irradiation started at birth

The heads of Long-Evans rats were irradiated from birth with a schedule of repeated doses of low-level x-ray which prevented the acquisition of the postnatally-forming basket, stellate and granule cells. The absence of these microneurons led to several changes in the organization of the cerebellar cortex, studied at 30 days of age with light and electron microscopy. The somata of Purkinje cells were not strung out in a monolayer. Their primary dendrites were randomly oriented and arborized differently depending on the position of their somata in the depth of the cortex. Many Purkinje cell perisomatic processes, normally seen only in infants, were retained. Climbing and mossy fibers formed inconspicuous, symmetrical synapses with the somata and conspicuous, asymmetrical synapses with the perisomatic processes and dendritic thorns of Purkinje cells. Massive Purkinje cell dendrites with innumerable thorns made up much of the neuropil of the cortex. The dendritic thorns, in addition to forming true synapses, also established pseudosynapses with glial processes and synapses devoid of vesicles with the surface or the interior of Purkinje cell dendrites. The latter type of contact apparently led to autolysis of part of the dendrite, which was the only clear pathological phenomenon observed. These results indicated considerable autonomy in the growth of Purkinje cell dendrites, which arborized richly and sprouted innumerable small processes in the absence of parallel fibers, and formed postsynaptic dense membranes in contiguity with inappropriate processes, such as those of Purkinje cells or astrocytes.
Adaptive Packet Resizing by Spatial Locality and Data Sharing for Energy-Efficient NOC

Single-processor chips have given way to multicore chips to enable a cost-effective implementation of computer systems. Toward continuous performance scaling, Network-On-Chip (NOC) is the communication architecture supporting the core count increase to hundreds or thousands in multicore chips. Low-power, low-latency, and high-bandwidth support in the NOC design is critical for meeting performance and energy targets of the overall system. Much of previous work has focused on improving the NOC design but without more fully taking into consideration the communication characteristics and the interplay with cache memory that can be exploited in the NOC design. In this paper, low spatial locality within cache blocks is exploited in reducing memory traffic toward energy savings in the NOC. We present a spatial locality predictor that separately manages different degrees of spatial locality across shared and private blocks for better prediction accuracy. To further optimize performance and power in the NOC, we present the adaptive control of the predictor and packet data resizing techniques. Evaluations for the 16-core system running PARSEC benchmarks reveal that our spatial-locality based packet resizing improves NOC power consumption on average by 21% (up to 33%).
The professional voice: Part II. Physical examination

Summary Physical examination of professional voice users should incorporate not only a complete otolaryngologic evaluation and appropriate general physical examination, but also special studies. Evaluation of the patient during actual singing or projected speaking is important. Special instrumention including strobovideolaryngoscopy is invaluable, and objective measures of voice function add much to diagnosis and analysis of treatment results.
Posttraumatic abducens to oculomotor nerve misdirection

Introduction: Paradoxical patterns of extraocular muscle, eyelid, or pupillary movements can occur following injury between divisions of the oculomotor nerve, trigeminal and abducens nerves, and trigeminal and oculomotor nerves. We report three cases of unusual ocular motility and eyelid movements that are a result of aberrant connections between the abducens and oculomotor nerves. Methods: Three patients with unusual eye movement abnormalities after trauma were studied. A complete ophthalmic examination plus neuroradiologic evaluation were performed. Results: Each patient manifested an aberrant connection between the 6th and 3rd cranial nerves resulting in third nerve function during sixth nerve stimulation. Two patients demonstrated complete third nerve palsies except for adduction on attempted abduction. The third showed improved bilateral ptosis on abduction. Conclusions: The neuroanatomical abnormalities involve intraorbital structures in one patient and central nervous system pathways in the others. Explanations such as retrograde regeneration, ephaptic transmission, or denervation supersensitivity do not appear to explain these unusual eye movements. The most likely mechanism involves some form of peripheral neuronal misdirection. These rare sixth to third nerve misdirection cases add support to the “neuronal misdirection hypothesis” of aberrant eye movements after trauma.
Autophagy Meets Phagocytosis

Autophagy can degrade intracellular bacteria, but how this pathway contributes to phagocytosis is unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Bonilla et al. (2013) demonstrate an additional role for autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis internalization by macrophages.
Analysis of Rotor Bearing Systems With Uncertainties: A Fuzzy Approach

The components of most structural and mechanical systems exhibit considerable variations or uncertainties in their properties and the performance characteristics of such systems are subject to uncertainties. In the case of a rotor bearing system, the nonlinear bearing restoring force is usually represented as a third or fourth power of displacement or as a piecewise linear function of displacement. The coefficients of these models are acquired from experiments and approximations, and will vary considerably during the operation of the bearing. Hence it is more reasonable to treat them as uncertain values. Other bearing parameters such as the inertial properties of concentrated disks, distributed mass and damping of the rotating assemblies are also uncertain due to manufacturing and assembly errors and imprecise operating conditions. It is known that the vibration response of a rotor is highly sensitive to small fluctuations or variations in the bearing parameters. Therefore, any realistic analysis and design of rotor-bearing systems must take the uncertainties into account. In this paper, a methodology is presented for the fuzzy analysis of nonlinear rotor-bearing systems along with numerical results to demonstrate the computational feasibility of the methodology.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The Navajo gaming referendum: reservations about casinos lead to popular rejection of legalized gambling.

Numerous American Indian tribal governments have introduced legalized gambling to enhance revenues. There have been notable financial successes as well as some confrontations with state governments and the exacerbation of factionalism on some reservations. The largest tribal entity in the United States, the Navajo, has not established a gaming industry. In 1994 the Navajo Tribal Council, following a veto of enabling legislation, referred the issue to the voters. Navajo voters rejected the referendum in the November, 1994 tribal general election. This article examines the Navajo electorate's rejection of gaming. Results varied by voting district (chapter). Exit polling conducted in a half-dozen chapters is used to analyze the effects of sex and age on the outcome and to describe the voters' reasons for their vote.
The Progress of the Interstate Banking Movement in the United States and Effects on Owners of Banking Organisations

This study details the evolution of the interstate banking movement in the United States and the resultant effect on the wealth of shareholders of the affected banking organisations.State regulations regarding interstate banking are being relaxed at an increasing rate. Using an event-study methodology, this study investigates the resultant wealth positions of shareholders affected by the passage of liberalised interstate banking laws.Results indicate that shareholders do gain, although modestly, when regulations regarding interstate banking are relaxed. Thus, there seems to be some benefit to owners of these regulated firms when geographic expansion is permitted.
Time course solutions of the Sax-Markov binary eurejoining/misrejoining model of DNA double-strand breaks.

The Sax-Markov binary eurejoining/misrejoining (SMBE) model is a stochastic representation of Sax’s breakage-and-reunion mechanism of misrejoining DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this model, to approximate DSB misrejoining probabilities that decrease with increasing distance, the nucleus is treated as a collection ofη isolated nuclear subvolumes called sites; DSB free ends within the same site interact with a probability that is independent of distance, and DSB free ends within different sites never interact. In our previous work, SMBE steady-state solutions were used to estimateη from a combination of high-dose PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) data and moderate-dose chromosomal aberration data. Here, analytic SMBE transient solutions (i.e., time courses of DSBs and misrejoinings) are derived and used to estimateη from various sets of misrejoining DSB kinetic data. The time courses are multiexponentials with rate constantsκ, 6κ, 15κ, ... j(2j–1)κ corresponding to different nuclear site states and not different types of DSBs. For example, theκ component corresponds to nuclear sites with two DSB free ends and thus only one possible rejoining interaction, and the 6κ component corresponds to sites with four DSB free ends and thus six (four choose two) potential rejoining interactions – four of these six potential interactions lead to a final state of two misrejoinings and the other two of six lead to a final state of correct repair (unrejoinable DSBs are not represented in the SMBE model). The SMBE time course solutions provide site number estimates that fall in the range ofη≈10–100 for premature chromosome condensation (PCC) data andη≈1000 for PFGE data.
The carter anti-plutonium policy

Abstract The US administration has embarked on an ambitious effort to rescue civil nuclear energy from perceived dangers, notably the further spread of plutonium separation technology. The Carter policy is focused on the critical activities of spent fuel reprocessing and plutonium fuel recycle, and aims to limit them to as few countries as possible. The Nuclear Non-proliferation Act of 1978 gives US anti-plutonium policy a comprehensive legislative mandate. It also extends the policy into the field of international diplomacy. This article examines the premises and origins of the US policy, its general intent and direction, the main features of the 1978 Act, the diplomatic record to date, and the implications of the Carter initiatives.
Non-invasive assessment of lower extremity muscle composition after incomplete spinal cord injury.

Cross-sectional study. (1) To quantify intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content of the soleus muscle. (2) To assess the T2 relaxation rates in the lower extremity skeletal muscles in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Academic Institution, Florida. Eight subjects (42±10 years old; 70±12 kg; 176±10 cm) with chronic (17±9 months post injury) motor SCI (C4-T12; ASIA C or D) and eight matched healthy controls were tested. Localized unsuppressed proton spectroscopy (H-MRS) was performed to estimate total lipid content and individual lipid components; IMCL and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) from the soleus muscle. T2-weighted imaging of lower extremity muscles yielded muscle T2 rates. The IMCL content of the soleus muscle was 3.3 times higher in the patient group as compared to controls (P=0.002; 0.0401 (0.0234–0.0849) versus 0.0123 (0.0090–0.0175)). Similarly, EMCL measures were 4.5 times higher as compared to the controls (P=0.002). Significant differences were observed in the T2 relaxation times of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles (P<0.05). The increased levels of IMCL might interfere with the glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; potentially predisposing persons with incomplete SCI to the development of peripheral insulin resistance. Marked elevations in the T2 relaxation times of the locomotor muscles are reflective of an altered muscle composition.
The Radiological Society of North America. Diamond Jubilee lecture. Seeing with sound.

The concept of making images from reflected sound waves is not new. Its origin, however, was not in medicine, but in industrial warfare. Much present-day technology derives from U.S. Navy research in World War II. Introduction to medicine began at the war's completion, but practical applications have been available only for the past 2 decades. In this short span, ultrasonography has been applied to nearly all specialties of medicine. It is now an indispensable adjunct to diagnosis, and in some areas, such as obstetrics, modern practitioners could not function without it. It is estimated that by the year 1991, 25% of all imaging studies (worldwide) will be sonograms. While such widespread use invariably leads to turf and training problems, the end result has been very positive for patients.
Adaptation and evolutionary theory

The conception of adaptation was not introduced into biology in 1859, Rather what Darwin did was to offer a radically new type of explanation of adaptations and in so doing he altered the conception. As the above quotes indicate we have not in the last century sufficiently delimited this conception and it is important to do so. In this paper we will analyse and, I hope, clarify one aspect of the conception of adaptation. One of the aims of this paper is a theoretically adequate definition of relative adaptedness. As we will see such analysis cannot be divorced from an analysis of the structure of evolutionary theory. The other major aim of this paper is to expose this structure, to show how it differs from the standard philosophical models of scientific theories, and to defend this differentiating feature (and hence to show the inadequacy of certain views about the structure of scientific theories which purport to be con~plete).
Noninvasive diffuse optical monitoring of hemodynamic changes in head and neck tumor during radiation delivery

A remote-operated DCS flow-oximeter was built to monitor hemodynamic changes in head and neck tumors during radiation delivery. The results indicate instant hemodynamic responses can be optically detected without being overly burdensome on patients.
Noncontact Characterization for Ultraviolet Light Irradiation Effect on Si-SiO2 Interface

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the minority-carrier surface recombination lifetime (τs) in silicon wafers with native or thermal oxide was studied with a noncontact laser/microwave photoconductance (LM-PC) technique. The τs greatly increases in samples with native oxide after the irradiation. The dominant factor for the τs change can be negative charges created by photo-injected electrons in the surface area. On the other hand, the irradiation decreases τs in silicon with thermal oxide. The τs decrease is due to the generation of carrier recombination centers with an energy level around 0.2eV at the Si-SiO2 interface.
Empirical Data Reference Behavior in Data Base Systems

During the past several years a considerable amount of effort has gone into the measurement, analysis, and modeling of program behavior. Most of the work either assumes the existence of a reference string, which is then used in various ways, or attempts to produce a model for the process by which such reference strings are generated. With very few exceptions the reference strings that have been measured characterize virtual memory utilization, reflecting the fact that the motivating force behind these research activities is the desire to understand the behavior of virtual memory paging systems.
Studies on the Mode of Action of Malformin: Inhibition of Malformin.

Malformin, isolated from culture filtrate of the fungus Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. (13), induces malformations of bean plants and curvatures of colrn roots (2, 3). The structure of malformin A was postulated as cyclo-L-isoleucyl-D-cysteinyl-L-valylD-cysteinyl-D-leucyl (10). The structure surrounding the sulfur was not clarified. Recently, numerous biologically active cyclic peptides have been investigated. As far as we know these peptides all contain one or more D-amino acids, as does malformin. The mode of action of these compounds has not been determined. In this investigation, malformin was considered an antimetabolite, and numerous compounds were tested for their ability to counteract its activity. An external supply of an essential metabolite, whose formation is blocked by malformin in vivo, should allow normal growth in the presence of malformin.
Influence of Organic Modifier Concentration on Plate Number in Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. 1. 2-Propanol

This paper establishes a physicochemical basis for the efficiency losses in micellar electrokinetic chromatography in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-propanol (2PN). Weakly, intermediately, and strongly retained analytes were separated in phosphate/borate buffers containing 50 mM SDS and from 0 to 10% 2PN by volume. Their plate numbers N generally agreed well with predictions of a theory for N based on longitudinal diffusion and instrumental contributions to dispersion. The N's of weakly and intermediately retained analytes were not affected strongly by 2PN over this concentration range, because their diffusion coefficients varied inversely with buffer viscosity and their retention times largely varied directly with viscosity. These combined effects on dispersion almost canceled. However, the N's of strongly retained analytes decreased with increasing 2PN, because their diffusion coefficients varied inversely with viscosity but their retention times increased more rapidly than did viscosity. These combined effects on dispersion did not cancel. These differences occurred because 2PN penetrated the micelles, caused bound counterions to be released, and increased the micellar charge and electrophoretic mobility. As 2PN concentration increased, the micelles electrophoresced increasingly rapidly against the electroosmotic flow. Consequently, strongly retained compounds required increasingly long times to elute.
SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF N, N', N -TRIPHENYL-1,3,5-TRIAMINOBENZENES

Correlation analysis of the oxidation potentials of a series of N,N′,N″-triphenyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzenes (TPABs) substituted at the para positions of the outer phenyl rings shows a linear free energy relationship with resonance-enhanced substituent parameters (σ+). Reaction parameters (ρ+) for oxidation of TPABs were found to be −1.53, −1.45 and −1.34 (per substituent) in methylene chloride, acetonitrile and propylene carbonate respectively. The resonance enhancement and small magnitude of the ρ+ values are related to a significant but weak delocalization of charge onto the outer phenyl rings in the molecular orbitals of radical cations resulting from the oxidation of TPABs. Data on the oxidation of p-substituted triphenylamines were treated similarly and gave a ρ+ value of −3.27 (per substituent) in acetonitrile, greater than that for TPABs owing to a more significant delocalization of charge onto the phenyl rings in the molecular orbitals of the corresponding radical cations. To demonstrate their predictive value, these linear free energy correlations were used to estimate the oxidation potentials of similarly substituted N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexaphenyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzenes, which are of interest as building blocks for molecular magnetic materials. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reduction of hydrolysis time and tryptophan destruction in the preparation of casein hydrolysates.

A method was developed for hydrolyzing casein using a procedure which reduces the time requirements of enzymatic protein hydrolysis and minimizes the tryptophan destfuction encountered in acid protein hydrolysis. Hydrolysates prepared by this method in twenty-four hours or less are comparable to enzymatic hydrolysates requiring one hundred hours. The method involves the treatment of partial enzymatic hydrolysates with diluted acids.
Stress testing: the case for the standard treadmill test.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the standard exercise treadmill test (ETT) in comparison to stress imaging procedures. This topic is timely and relevant due to increasing healthcare expenditures and the substantially lower cost of the ETT. RECENT FINDINGS The most important goal of noninvasive testing is to identify patients with left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) or severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 35%. These patient subsets demonstrate a survival advantage when treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (severe CAD) or a defibrillator (LVEF <35%). This benefit is not present for patients with one-vessel or two-vessel CAD or preserved LVEF. For patients who have a normal resting ECG, studies have shown that the standard ETT is as accurate as imaging for identifying these high-risk patients. Outcome of patients with a low-risk exercise treadmill score is excellent. SUMMARY The standard ETT should be the initial test in patients presenting for evaluation of CAD with the following characteristics: (1) ability to exercise adequately; (2) normal resting ECG; and (3) no prior revascularization. Applying this strategy should not sacrifice prognostic accuracy and should result in significant cost savings.
Evidence for facilitation and inhibition of ciliate population growth by meiofauna and macrofauna on a temperate zone sandflat

Abstract Field experiments on a temperate zone sandy tidal flat on the White Sea, northern Russia, documented the effects of enhanced benthic metazoan abundances on the ciliate community. We analyzed the effects of eight major metazoan taxa on the seven most abundant ciliate species. The increases in meio- and macrobenthic densities did not influence total ciliate, but they did strongly affect the densities of individual ciliate species. Individual ciliate species' growth rates increased and decreased, with contrasting rates often being equal in magnitude. Positive interactions among metazoans and protozoans occur in many pelagic and benthic microbial communities. Our study suggest that positive and negative effects caused by macro- and meiofauna can control the population abundances of the benthic ciliate community. Many of these effects are not evident from analyses of the aggregated variable “total ciliates”. Documenting these species-specific effects require ciliate identification at the generic or even specific level.
Effects of L-lysine and its metabolites on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

Lysine and its metabolic intermediates were studied for their effect on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. L-Lysine at dosages above 2 mmol/kg given i.p. significantly increased seizure protection and seizure latency (the time required to develop seizures after PTZ injection) with a peak effect dose at 10 mmol/kg. A pretreatment time of 15 min was required to significantly prolong seizure latency with a peak effect time of 45 min. D-Lysine at 10 mmol/kg i.p. afforded some seizure protection and significantly prolonged seizure latency but has a peak effect time of 15 min. When administered intracerebroventricularly, both L-lysine and piperidine at 0.1 mmol/kg prolonged seizure latency significantly, and increased seizure protection slightly. L-Pipecolic acid at the same dose given through the same route, however, shortened seizure latency significantly. L-alpha-Aminoadipic acid, on the other hand, had no significant effect. Lysine metabolites that prolonged seizure latency also increased seizure protection and decreased seizure death, and one that shortened seizure latency had the opposite effect. The anticonvulsant activity of lysine and its metabolites was explained on the basis of their connection with the GABAergic transmission.
A diffusion model analysis of the effects of aging on recognition memory

Abstract The effects of aging on response time were examined in a recognition memory experiment with young, college age subjects and older, 60–75 year old subjects. The older subjects were slower than the young subjects but almost as accurate. Ratcliff’s (1978) diffusion model was fit to the data and it provided a good account of response times, their distributions, and accuracy values. The fits showed a 100 ms slowing of the nondecision components of response time for older subjects relative to young subjects, and roughly equal response criteria settings with accuracy instructions but more conservative settings for the older subjects with speed instructions. In the diffusion model, the decision process is driven by the rate of accumulation of evidence from the stimulus. We found that the rate of accumulation for older subjects was a non-significant 7% lower than the rate for young subjects, indicating that the output from recognition memory entering the decision process was not significantly worse for the older subjects. The results are compared to those obtained from letter discrimination, brightness discrimination, and signal detection-like tasks.
OHIOLINK: A vision for the 21st century

OhioLINK, a consortium of Ohio academic libraries in both the public and the private sector ranging from major research institutions to community colleges, is one of the nation's first major attempts to create a virtual, statewide library system. More than just linking the holdings of participating libraries within the context of a 48‐hour delivery system for books and journal articles, OhioLINK provides the platform as well for the statewide delivery of commercial and other databases, Gopher Internet access, and experimentation with the development and testing of new information tools. OhioLINK also represents an intriguing and creative approach to state funding and automated system design. In terms of bold imagination and cooperative power, OhioLINK follows in the footsteps of that other major Ohio institution, OCLC.
EAGLES: An Interactive Environment for Scientific Computing

The EAGLES Project is creating a computinig system and interactive environment for scientific applications using object-oriented software principles. This software concept, leads to well defined data interfaces for integrating experiment control with acquisition and analysis codes. Tools for building object-oriented systems for user interfaces and codes are discussed. Also the terms of object-oriented programming are introduced and later defined in the appendix. These terms include objects, methods, messages, encapsulation and inheritance.
Feeding of underyearling walleye surfperch,Hyperprosopon argenteum, in a Northern California Bay

A study of the feeding of underyearling walleye surfperch (Hyperprosopon argenteum) was based on fish collected in seven areas of Humboldt Bay, California, during September and October 1969. Crustaceans were found in all stomachs containing food, but the type of major food consumed varied with distance from the entrance channel. Amphipods were universally consumed, with cypris stages more important in areas with high tidal exchange, and terrestrial moth flies (Psychoda spp.) and harpacticoid copepods more important in backwater areas. Collections indicate daylight feeding and probably limited diurnal movements of underyearling walleye surfperch, a different pattern of feeding behavior than walleye surfperch of inshore waters of southern California.
The U.S. Bank Panic of 1907 and the Mexican Depression of 1908–1909

(1998). The U.S. Bank Panic of 1907 and the Mexican Depression of 1908–1909. The Historian: Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 795-811.
Advances in minimally invasive facial rejuvenation.

Purpose of reviewCurrent cosmetic surgical practice for facial rejuvenation has undergone a significant change due to the introduction of technologies to improve the age-associated changes of the face. The most widely adopted methods of minimally invasive facial rejuvenation include the use of neuro
Role of reactive oxygen species and NAD(P)H oxidase in α1-adrenoceptor signaling in adult rat cardiac myocytes

We recently reported that α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) stimulation induces hypertrophy via activation of the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) 1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase...
An effective power management scheme for RTL design based on multiple clocks

This paper presents an effective technique of low power design for RTL circuits and microarchitectures. The basis of this technique is: (a) to use a multiple clocking scheme of n non-overlapping clocks, by dividing the frequency f of a single clock into n cycles; (b) to partition the circuit into disjoint modules and assign each module to a distinct clock with frequency f/n. However, the overall effective frequency of the circuit remains f the single clock frequency. The results show that our multiple clocking scheme provides more effective power management (power savings up to 50%) at the RTL in comparison to conventional power management techniques based on gated clocks.
Intracranially Recorded Auditory Nerve Response in Man: New Interpretations of BSER

• Compound action potentials were recorded from the intracranial part of the human auditory nerve when it was exposed during surgery with the use of a posterior fossa approach. Monopolar recordings of the response to tone bursts were dominated by a negative deflection that reached a peak 3 to 3.5 ms after the onset of a 5-ms 2-kHz tone burst. This negative peak matched the latency of the second vertex-negative peak of the scalprecorded brainstem evoked responses (BSERs). Bipolar recordings from the intracranial part of the auditory nerve showed the biphasic waveshape that is typical for a nerve trunk. The results indicate that the neural generators not only of the first peak but also of the second peak in the BSER are likely to be located in the auditory nerve. Furthermore, the results indicate that it is the third wave that originates in the cochlear nucleus, not the second wave as was previously assumed. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1982;108:77-82)
A problem in the theory of optimal control systems

An optimization problem involving a dynamic model composed of a finite number of distinct situations is considered. To determine the optimal solution of this problem, a second problem is introduced and the solutions of this second problem are shown to be also solutions of the original problem. A direct application of the proposed method yields a linear approximation of the non – linear optimal control problem.
Beta adrenergic modulation of cardiac rhythm in a rat model of altered sympathetic neural development

Abstract We previously have shown that treatment of neonatal rats (days 1–10) with Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) or its antibody (Ab) modifies α-adrenergic receptor-effector coupling, such that innervated hearts at day 10 show high levels of a 41 kDa GTP regulatory protein (G protein) that is a substrate for pertussis toxin and that links the α1-receptor to the Na K pump. This receptor-effector pathway results in α adrenergic-induced decreases in automaticity. In contrast, non-innervated hearts at day 10 show lower levels of the pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein and increases in automaticity induced by α-agonist. We now report the effects of administration of NGF, Ab or placebo on β-adrenergic receptor-effector coupling in neonatal rats. Rats were administered NGF, Ab or placebo on days 1–10 of life. On day 10, the β-receptor number and affinity and the stimulatory G-protein, Gs, were equivalent across groups. Moreover, the ventricular automatic response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation was equivalent across groups suggesting there was no change in receptor-effector coupling as a result of the difference in innervation. These results on β-adrenergic receptor-effector coupling considered in light of our prior studies on α-adrenergic coupling suggest that the development of sympathetic innervation is more a determinant of α than β adrenergic modulation of ventricular rhythm.
Optimal defense synthesis for jamming attacks in cognitive radio networks via swarm optimization

In this paper, the optimal cognitive network reconfiguration problem is considered in the presence of jamming interference and delayed signals in a game play scenario. In most previous literature, only one jammer is investigated. However, in practical applications, multiple jammers occur frequently. Moreover, the delay of signals cannot be neglected in the context of network communication, which may result in an unstable system. Therefore, we formulate the optimization problem for network reconfiguration with multiple jammer's interference and delayed signals. To solve the optimization problem numerically, two types of swarm optimization algorithms are proposed. In the first approach, the dynamic objective method is used via bilevel programming while in the second approach, a hybrid multiagent swarm optimization algorithm is applied. Some illustration results are also provided in the paper.
Comparing lifetime emissions of natural gas and conventional fuel vehicles: an application of the generalized ANCOVA model.

ABSTRACT New regulations and incentives are encouraging the use of clean, alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in urban areas. These vehicles are seen as one option for reducing air pollution from mobile sources. However, because of the limited number of AFVs on the road, little is known about actual lifetime emissions characteristics of in-use AFVs. This study describes the use of a generalized analysis of covariance model to evaluate and compare the emissions from natural gas vehicles with emissions from reformulated gasoline vehicles. The model describes fleet-wide emissions deterioration, while also accounting for individual vehicle variability within the fleet. This ability to measure individual vehicle variability can then be used to provide realistic bounds for the emissions deterioration in individual vehicles and the fleet as a whole. In order to illustrate the use of the model, the carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), and carbon dioxide emissions characteristics...
Sensitivity and Specificity of Echocardiographic Evidence of Tamponade: Implications for Ventricular Interdependence and Pulsus Paradoxus

The reported sensitivity of the echocardiographic finding of right atrial collapse for the diagnosis of tamponade ranges from 50% to100%; specificities have ranged from 33% to 100%. Its sensitivity in identifying right ventricular collapse ranges from 48% to 100% whereas the specificity ranges from 72% to 100%. Collapse of either the right atrium or right ventricle is not reliable except in cases where the risk of tamponade is high, consistent with Bayes' theorem. If the patient has hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea, increased venous pressure, and a pericardial effusion, the diagnosis of tamponade will likely be sustained. To explain pulsus paradoxus, most echocardiographic reports have invoked Dornhorst's theory that inspiratory filling of the right ventricle actively collapses the left ventricle by successfully competing for a fixed total pericardial space ("ventricular interdependence"). However, the pericardial space is not fixed in tamponade but increases with inspiration, and the right heart is much more likely to collapse than the left, given their relative thickness. Pulsus paradoxus depends on the inspiratory surge to the right heart, exaggerated by the small stroke volume of both ventricles induced by tamponade, and vascular coupling between the pulmonary and systemic beds, with a transit time of one to two heart beats.
Effect of Endothelin-1 on Actomyosin ATPase Activity: Implications for the Efficiency of Contraction

Endothelin is a powerful inotropic peptide that increases isometric force in isolated papillary muscle and the extent of shortening in isolated single cardiac myocytes. Its mechanism of action has been variously attributed to increased Ca2+ activation, increased Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins, and increased intracellular pH, but the physiological function of the changes in cardiac performance remains obscure. In this study, the effects of endothelin-1 on both force development and the kinetics of contraction have been examined. Isometric force, actomyosin ATPase activity, and unloaded shortening velocity were measured. The effects were dose dependent. From 1 to 50 pmol/L endothelin-1 did not alter force development in isolated trabeculae with intact endothelial cells, but actomyosin ATPase activity was increased. Between 100 pmol/L and 10 nmol/L endothelin-1 raised isometric force, decreased actomyosin ATPase activity, and decreased unloaded shortening velocity. The reduction in ATPase activity was progressively enhanced as sarcomere length was increased from 1.9 t0 2.4 microns. These results indicate that the effects of endothelin-1 on the force of contraction and the rate of ATP hydrolysis are not tightly coupled and are changed in the opposite directions by endothelin-1 over most of its effective dose-range. This raises the possibility that endothelin-1 may increase the economy of contraction. A novel function of endothelin may be the modulation of the efficiency of contraction, particularly when increased preload raises the contractile work of the heart.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT‐HARVESTING FUNCTION OF VIOLAXANTHIN IN NANNOCHLOROPSIS SPP. (EUSTIGMATOPHYCEAE)1

Whole cell absorption spectra of the Eustigmatophycean algae Nannochloropsis salina Bourrelly and Nannochloropsis sp. reveal the presence of a distinct absorption peak at 490 nm. The lack of chlorophylls b and c in these species indicates that this peak must be attributed to carotenoid absorption. In vivo fluorescence excitation spectra for chlorophyll a emission show a corresponding maximum at 490 nm. This peak is more clearly resolved than carotenoid maxima in other algal classes due to the absence of accessory chlorophylls. The carotenoid composition of the two Nannochloropsis species shows that violaxanthin and vaucheriaxanthin are the main contributors to 490 nm absorption. Violaxanthin accounts for approximately 60% of the total carotenoid in both clones. We conclude that light absorption by violaxanthin, and possibly by vaucheriaxanthin, is coupled in energy transfer to chlorophyll a and that violaxanthin is the major light-harvesting pigment in the Eustigmatophyceae. This is the first report of the photosynthetic light-harvesting function of this carotenoid.
Reovirus replicase-directed synthesis of double-stranded ribonucleic acid.

After the incubation of reovirus replicase reaction mixtures (containing labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates), partially double-stranded ribonucleic acid (pdsRNA) products were isolated by cellulose column chromatography followed by precipitation with 2 m NaCl. The pulse-labeled reaction product contained a significantly large amount of pdsRNA that became complete dsRNA as reaction time increased, indicating that pdsRNA was an intermediate of the replicase reaction. The newly synthesized RNA strand ((3)H-labeled) of the pdsRNA was resistant to ribonuclease digestion, suggesting that single-stranded RNA regions were part of a preexistent unlabeled RNA template. These observations, together with the electrophoretic behavior of the pdsRNA in polyacrylamide gel, are consistent with the hypothesis that dsRNA is synthesized by the elongation of a complementary RNA strand upon a preexistent template of single-stranded RNA (i.e., messenger RNA). The direction of the RNA strand elongation was determined by carrying out the replicase reaction in the presence of (3)H-cytidine triphosphate (or (3)H-uridine triphosphate) and adenine triphosphate-alpha-(32)P followed by a chase with excess unlabeled cytidine triphosphate (or uridine triphosphate). The dsRNA product was digested with T1 ribonuclease and the resulting 3'-terminal fragments were isolated by chromatography on a dihydroxyboryl derivative of cellulose. Examination of the ratio of (3)H to (32)P in these fragments indicated that RNA synthesis proceeded from the 5' to 3' terminus.
A Course on the Rights of Children

This article describes an interdisciplinary honors course on the rights of children. Students reviewed historical and contemporary legal issues from a psychological perspective. The rapid growth of legal and psychological information in the area of children's rights facilitates the development of an entire course on the rights of children or furnishes information to supplement existing courses.