cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does a Parsimony Principle Entail a Simple World

Many scholars claim that a parsimony principle has ontological implications. The most common such claim is that a parsimony principle entails that the “world” is simple. This ontological claim appears to often be coupled with the assumption that a parsimony principle would be corroborated if the “world” were simple. I clarify these claims, describe some minimal features of simplicity, and then show that both these claims are either false or they depend upon an implausible notion of simplicity. In their stead, I propose a minimal ontological claim: a parsimony principle entails a minimal realism about the existence of objects and laws, in order to allow that the descriptions of the relevant phenomena contain patterns.
Stabilization of uncertain linear systems: an LFT approach

This paper develops machinery for control of uncertain linear systems described in terms of linear fractional transformations (LFTs) on transform variables and uncertainty blocks with primary focus on stabilization and controller parameterization. This machinery directly generalizes familiar state-space techniques. The notation of Q-stability is defined as a natural type of robust stability, and output feedback stabilizability is characterized in terms of Q-stabilizability and Q-detectability which in turn are related to full information and full control problems. Computation is in terms of convex linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the controllers have a separation structure, and the parameterization of all stabilizing controllers is characterized as an LFT on a stable, free parameter.
Infra-red spectra of quinol clathrate compounds☆

Abstract The ease of synthesis of “inclusion compounds” of hydroquinone with small molecules, such as HCl, H2S, SO2, and CO2, affords a unique opportunity to study restricted rotational and translational motion of such molecules, as well as to elucidate the nature of the binding of the lattices of such compounds. Spectra, both absorption and differential, of such compounds, when suspended in KBr pellets, covering the range 1·1–15 μ, are reported, which are in agreement with the difference in crystal structure between α-hydroquinone and its β allomorph originally proosed by Palin and Powell . In addition, some results are presented which indicate the extent of freedom of rotational motion of the small molecules included in the clathrate, and the extent of the binding of the small molecules to the clathrate lattice.
Acute myocardial infarction secondary to thromboembolism from a fractured prosthetic aortic valve.

A case of coronary artery embolism from thrombus in a fracture in an aortic Starr-Edwards prosthesis was documented at necropsy. This 40-year-old white man had replacement of the aortic and mitral valves by ball-valve prostheses 5 years prior to his death. Following surgery, he was able to return to full-time work. He did not return for follow-up for 2 years, and when next seen he had an acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure. An embolus to the left anterior descending coronary artery was demonstrated at the postmortem examination. The mitral ball was intact, but the aortic ball had two large fractures which contained thrombi.
Intercropping stokes aster: effect of shade on photosynthesis and plant morphology

Stokes aster [Stokesia laevis (Hill) E. Greene] is a potential new crop source of an epoxy acid but grows slowly and does not yield the first summer. It could be intercropped that year. To evaluate Stokes aster's response to intercrop shade, plants were grown under 1010 [high light (HL)], 320 [medium light (ML)], or 120 [low light (LL)] micromoles m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for 50 d prior to measurements of photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, light saturation point, chlorophyll concentration, and morphology of whole plants. Near light saturation points, LL and ML plants had the highest net CO2 assimilation based on leaf area and ML plants were highest based on land area. High light plants were least efficient due to a vertical leaf orientation. As environment light intensity (LI) declined, plants had more chlorophyll per unit dry weight (DW), a higher chl b/chl a ratio, less leaf DW, less leaf area, and a lower root/shoot ratio. Light compensation points were 25, 55, and 185 micromoles m-2 s-1 PPFD for LL, ML, and HL plants, respectively. Saturation points were between 400 and 800 micromoles m-2 s-1 for LL plants and between 800 and 1500 micromoles m-2 s-1 PPFD for ML and HL plants. In an intercrop, stokes aster should produce efficiently on a leaf area basis but less efficiently on a land area basis when grown under a LI of 120 micromoles m-2 s-1 or less. Growth in full sun after the overstory crop is harvested would not be a problem for intercropped plants.
Psychosocial aspects of working with video display terminals (VDTs) and employee physical and mental health.

Psychosocial aspects of using video display terminals (VDTs) have been recognized as contributors to employees' mental and physical health problems for more than 15 years. Yet, little has been done by employers to change work organization conditions to improve the psychosocial work environment of VDT users. Thus, psychosocial aspects of work are emerging as one of the biggest problems for VDT users in the late 1990s. This paper explores how psychosocial aspects of VDT work are related to job stress, and their consequences for mental and physical health. Using the research literature, it defines various aspects of work organization and job design that have been shown to be related to VDT users' ill-health. Some of the important work design aspects uncovered include a lack of employee skill use, monotonous tasks, high job demands and work pressure, a lack of control over the job, poor supervisory relations, fear of job loss, and unreliable technology. These are the same job stressors that have been defined ...
Schedule-dependent effect of d-amphetamine on pausing by pigeons

Abstract Two pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule of grain reinforcement where key-pecks were reinforced according to a fixed ratio schedule in the presence of one stimulus and a fixed interval schedule in another stimulus. The fixed interval was adjusted to match average interreinforcer time for the fixed ratio schedule. d-Amphetamine decreased overall rate of responding in the fixed ratio schedule — primarily by increasing pausing, especially just after a change from the fixed interval component. Rate of responding in the fixed interval schedule was increased for one bird and little affected for the other bird by d-Amphetamine. Again, changes in pausing primarily determined rate change. Since pausing was differently affected, a schedule-dependent rather than rate-dependent effect was indicated.
On directional compton profiles and the J(0) surface

This paper describes the J(0) surface, the directional Compton profile J(q) at |q| = 0, and how it depends on the dominating parts of the momentum distribution. Presentation of the J(0) surface is a condensed form and a convenient picture from which to gain qualitative information about the momentum distribution.
Risk factors for mastectomy flap necrosis following immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction.

Tissue expander placement is a mainstay of reconstructive surgery in the post-mastectomy patient. Necrosis of the native breast tissue is one of the most significant concerns in their post-operative care. The goal of this study is to elucidate factors that confer risk of this outcome. Chart review was conducted for a consecutive series of immediate tissue expander reconstructions by the two senior authors. Data was collected for several preoperative and intraoperative variables, as well as the outcome of mastectomy flap necrosis. Of the 1566 breasts that were examined, 135 (8.6%) experienced flap necrosis. The cohorts with and without flap necrosis were well matched. Those with the outcome of interest had significantly higher rates of switching to an autologous method of reconstruction (31.9% vs 6.2%, p 66.67%) intraoperative tissue expander fill to confer increased risk of mastectomy flap necrosis. While smoking and older age are well-supported by the literature, tumescent technique and tissue expander fill are more novel points of discussion, which may serve as proxies for other issues. Awareness of these risk factors and their interplay will aid in clinical judgement and postoperative care of these patients.
Influence of titanate and zirconate coupling agents in epoxy underfill material

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of five titanate and zirconate coupling agents (CA) with different functional groups on various properties of epoxy underfill materials, including viscosity, curing, thermo-mechanical properties, and adhesion to SiO/sub 2/ passivation. CA-A, CA-C, and CA-E increased the viscosity of underfill. Addition of the coupling agents led to decrease in the curing onset temperature of epoxy underfill formulations. All of the coupling agents investigated in this study also brought a slight decrease in glass transition temperature (T/sub g/) of epoxy underfill. The die shear test of underfill on SiO/sub 2/ passivation showed that the adhesion was not changed significantly with the addition of the titanate and zirconate coupling agents, except for CA-E. The influence of coupling agent CA-E concentration in underfill materials was further investigated. CA-E has potential for use in epoxy underfill to improve adhesion.
Learning from the Band: Trust, Acceptance, and Self-Confidence

Decades of research has identified a variety of positive effects of student involvement in extracurricular activities. We know little, however, about how these important positive benefits come about. This article examines the process involved in participation in high school marching band to show how students created strong connections through participation in the activity and developed interactional and affective commitment to the group that led to a high level of trust, acceptance, and self-confidence. Using both observation and in-depth interviews of members of the marching band at two Midwestern high schools—a rural school and a midsize city school—I found that members of each band developed a close-knit, socioeconomically diverse community. Within a marching band, students created a culture of trust and acceptance of individuality that provided a strong support group, which many students related to a feeling of family. The density of friendships in this activity strengthened students’ identity with th...
Steady State Model of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Transport in Liver Predicts High Cellular Exchangeable Hormone Concentration Relative to in Vitro Free Hormone Concentration*

The hepatic nuclear receptor for T3 is known to be approximately 50% saturated in vivo. Since the receptor dissociation constant (Kd) is 1 nM, and since 50% receptor occupancy occurs when the concentration of free ligand in the nucleus is 1 nM, the concentration of free T3 in the hepatic nucleus is also approximately 1 nM or about 200-fold greater than the concentration of free T3 in human serum, as measured in vitro by equilibrium dialysis. However, previous tracer kinetic studies have shown that T3 is available for transport from both the circulating albumin- and thyroid hormone-binding globulinbound pools in plasma. Since the plasma proteins per se do not significantly exit the hepatic microcirculation on a single pass, the protein-bound hormone is operationally available for transport into liver via a proposed mechanism of enhanced dissociation caused by interactions between the plasma proteins and the hepatic microcirculation. These considerations raise the question as to whether the dissociation of ...
Multicomponent multisublattice alloys, nonconfigurational entropy and other additions to the Alloy Theoretic Automated Toolkit

A number of new functionalities have been added to the Alloy Theoretic Automated Toolkit (ATAT) since it was last reviewed in this journal in 2002. ATAT can now handle multicomponent multisublattice alloy systems, nonconfigurational sources of entropy (e.g. vibrational and electronic entropy), Special Quasirandom Structures (SQS) generation, tensorial cluster expansion construction and includes interfaces for multiple atomistic or ab initio codes. This paper presents an overview of these features geared towards the practical use of the code. The extensions to the cluster expansion formalism needed to cover multicomponent multisublattice alloys are also formally demonstrated.
A Social Constructionist Perspective of Teaching and Learning in Inclusive Physical Education

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine an inclusive, third grade physical education class containing a child with severe cerebral palsy and a visual impairment from a social constructionist perspective. Data were collected from four primary sources over a six-month period: interviews, observations, document review, and journals. Boyzaitis?s (1998) five-step process was utilized in the data analysis, which uncovered three primary themes: the teacher?s belief in the development of social skills for students with and without disabilities, the teacher?s use of purposeful strategies to accommodate students with disabilities, and student learning shaped by personal experience. Student and teacher experiences were interpreted within the conceptual framework of social construction as a means of describing relevant and meaningful relationships.
Elastic‐wave surfaces in solids

Based on Christoffel-equation solutions, some interesting wave-surface topological features are described for anisotropic media. These features include crossovers of transverse—longitudinal surfaces and continuous transverse—longitudinal mode conversion over a single surface. For orthorhombic symmetry (mmm), crossovers of transverse—transverse surfaces occur for all crystals: the transverse surfaces interconnect and form a single surface. Beyond this, some orthorhombic crystals exhibit a longitudinal—transverse crossover that causes all three surfaces to interconnect into a single surface. Crossover of longitudinal and transverse surfaces means that a transverse wave velocity will exceed a longitudinal wave velocity. A longitudinal—transverse mode conversion means that both longitudinal and transverse modes exist on the same wave surface. Auf der Grundlage von Losungen der Christoffelgleichung werden einige interessante Wellen-Oberflachentopologiemerkmale fur anisotrope Medien beschrieben. Diese Merkmale schliesen Uberschneidung von transversalen—longitudinalen Oberflachen und einen kontinuierlichen Ubergang: transversale—longitudinale Mode uber eine einzelne Oberflache ein. Fur rhombische Symmetrie (mmm) tritt Uberschneidung von transversalen—transversalen Oberflachen fur alle Kristalle auf: die transversalen Oberflachen verbinden sich und bilden eine einzige Oberflache. Daruber hinaus zeigen einige rhombische Kristalle eine longitudinale—transversaale Uberschneidung, die verursacht, das alle drei Oberflachen sich in eine einzige Oberflache zusammenschliesen. Uberschneidung von longitudinalen und transversalen Oberflachen heist, das eine Transversal-Wellengeschwindigkeit eine Longitudinal-Wellengeschwindigkeit uberschreitet. Ein Ubergang: longitudinale—transversale Mode bedeutet, das sowohl longitudinale als auch transversale Moden auf derselben Wellenoberflache existieren.
Slavery and Economic Development: Brazil and the United States South in the Nineteenth Century

All history is comparative. The judgments historians make are derived from some explicit or implicit standard of comparison. Thus, when historians describe the antebellum South in the United States as technically backward, rural, nonindustrial, socially retrograde, and paternalistic, they mean to say that it was so in comparison with the North. When historians of nineteenthcentury Brazil describe it in the same terms, they compare it either to the hegemonic capitalist areas of that period, including the United States North, or to Brazil itself at later periods in its history.
Emerging Evidence for a Functional Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2-Angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas Receptor Axis: More Than Regulation of Blood Pressure?

From the initial description of renin activity over a century ago, the ongoing study of the renin-angiotensin (Ang)-aldosterone system (RAAS) continues to yield unexpected findings that redefine the functional nature of this system, as well as our concepts on the mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation. The functional arc of the RAAS can no longer be viewed solely in terms of increasing blood pressure and inducing vasoconstriction, although these still remain the dominant aspects of at least the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1R) pathway. There is clearly compelling evidence that other components of the RAAS may buffer actions, because the Ang II-AT2 receptor pathway uses the identical ligand coupled to a different receptor subtype to evoke, in many cases, actions that oppose AT1 activation1 (for a more extensive review). Moreover, parallel pathways within the RAAS result in novel products distinct from Ang II that require additional “Ang”-converting enzymes (ACEs) and unique receptors for these products. Indeed, the recent discoveries of ACE2, the Ang-(1-7) [AT(1-7)] receptor, and Ang-(1-12)2 as a potentially new precursor add significant impetus to revise the RAAS as multiple systems that may amplify or oppose one another (see the Figure). In this brief review, the current evidence for the physiological relevance of these new components of the RAAS is assessed. Figure. Cascade of the processing of angiotensin peptides and their interaction with AT1 and AT(1-7) receptor systems. ACE cleaves Ang I, releasing the dipeptide His-Leu to form Ang II, and ACE2 subsequently hydrolyzes Ang II to Ang-(1-7). ACE also metabolizes Ang-(1-7) to Ang-(1-5) and the dipeptide His-Pro. Ang-(1-12) may be cleaved from angiotensinogen (Aogen) and potentially processed (\---|>) directly to Ang II or Ang-(1-7). Ang-(1-7) may attenuate the inflammatory and fibrotic actions of the Ang II-AT1 receptor pathway …
On symport/antiport P systems with one or two symbols

We look at the computational power of symport/antiport system (SA) acceptors and generators with small numbers of membranes and objects. We show that even with a single object and only three membranes, a SA acceptor can accept the nonsemilinear set L = {2/sup n/|n /spl ges/ 0}. L can also be accepted with two objects and only one membrane. This latter model can accept all unary semilinear (i.e., regular) sets. We also show that for any k /spl ges/ 1, the class of sets of k-tuples of nonnegative integers accepted by partially blind (multi-) counter machines is a subclass of the class of sets of k-tuples accepted by 1-object multi-membrane SA acceptors. Similarly, the class of sets of k-tuples of nonnegative integers generated by partially blind counter machines is a subclass of the class of sets of k-tuples generated by 1-object multi-membrane SA generators. As a corollary, the unary semilinear sets are a proper subclass of the unary sets of numbers accepted by SA acceptors with one object and 8 membranes. Whether or not 1-object multi-membrane SA acceptors (resp., generators) are universal remains an interesting open question.
In vivo selection of a TCR Vβ repertoire directed against an immunodominant influenza virus CTL epitope

Little is known about the mechanisms governing TCR repertoire selection in response to foreign antigens. Here, we evaluate the molecular features of the murine C57BL/6 (B6) TCR Vbeta repertoire directed at the NP(366-374) immunodominant epitope of the influenza virus nucleoprotein. Common or 'public' beta chains are shared among individuals following either primary or secondary infection. Importantly, repertoire diversity decreases substantially after a second viral exposure due to enrichment of TCRs sharing Vbeta CDR3 loops of identical length and highly related amino acid sequences. TCRs from these secondary T cell populations possess greater overall avidity for the NP(366-374)/D(b) complex compared to those from the primary repertoire. Thus, expansion of CD8(+) T cells expressing a favored germline Vbeta gene segment in the primary response and further selection for CDR3beta loops during the secondary response, contribute to optimization of immune recognition against certain viral epitopes.
Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier-2 Modification of Retinoic Acid Receptor-α Regulates Its Subcellular Localization and Transcriptional Activity

The retinoic acid receptor-alpha (Rara) gene is critical for germ cell development in the testis, as demonstrated by infertile Rara knockout male mice. The encoded protein for Rara (RARA) is expressed in both Sertoli cells and germ cells, but it is not always in the nucleus. Previously, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was shown to increase the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of RARA in Sertoli cells. Here, we identified a small ubiquitin-like modifier-2 (SUMO-2) modification as a novel posttranslational regulatory mechanism controlling the ATRA-dependent RARA subcellular localization and transcription. ATRA increased the SUMO-2 modification of RARA. In the presence of ATRA, lysine 166 (K166) and K171 of RARA were modified at a physiological concentration of SUMO-2, whereas in the absence of ATRA, K399 was the only site that was modified, but at a higher SUMO-2 concentration. However, K399 was critical for ATRA-controlled nuclear trafficking of RARA. In the presence of ATRA, a K399 mutation to arginine resulted in the cytoplasmic localization of K399R mutant, indicating that K166 and K171 sumoylations were inhibitory to nuclear localization. This may be due to SUMO/sentrin-specific peptidase 6 (SENP6) not being able to bind K399R mutant to desumoylate K166 and K171 in Sertoli cells, whereas it can bind RARA with intact K399. On the other hand, functional K166 and K171 sites for sumoylation were required for a full transcriptional activity, when K399 was intact. These results together suggest that both K166 and K171 sumoylation and desumoylation are critical for optimal RARA function.
[Comment on “The Eos October 21, 1986 Cover”] Transmogrifications of the Earth's dipole field

The October 21, 1986, issue of Eos had an attractive cover showing the Viking satellite in space near the earth. It also showed an artist's rendition of the magnetic field lines of the earth. Since the field lines were symmetric (see Figure 1 for a version of the cover), and the closed lines that were shown only extended out to about 2 RE from the earth's center, I would have expected the lines to be those of a dipole. However, a dipole field line pattern is characterized by “lobes” that are comparatively long and narrow in a direction perpendicular to the dipole axis, and the field lines on the Eos cover were too compressed along the equatorial dimension to meet that criterion. Something was wrong.
Adaptive filterbank based blind channel estimation for multicarrier systems

We present herein a novel blind channel estimator for multicarrier (MC) systems in the presence of unmodeled narrowband interference. A generalized multi-channel minimum variance principle is invoked to design an equalizing filterbank that preserves desired signal components and suppresses the overall interference. While a channel estimate can be obtained by maximizing the filterbank output power through multi-dimensional nonlinear searches, such an approach is computationally prohibitive and suffers local convergence. To overcome this difficulty, an asymptotically (in SNR) tight lower bound on the filterbank output power is derived and used for channel estimation, which reduces to a quadratic minimization problem. The proposed scheme is shown to compare favorably with a subspace blind channel estimator in the presence of unknown narrowband interference.
Psychological Adjustment and Family Functioning of Boys with Learning Disabilities

This study examined parent reports of behavioral and family functioning for 59 boys with learning disabilities (LD) and 65 nondisabled boys (NLD) of ages 6 to 12 years. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III). Boys with LD were reported as having significantly more behavior problems of both the Internalizing and Externalizing types than NLD boys. Individual scales yielded group differences indicating higher scores (more problems) for the group with LD on the Hyperactive, Schizoid or Anxious, Depressed, and Obsessive Compulsive scales, but no differences on the Aggressive or Social Withdrawal scales. Furthermore, families of boys with LD tended to score more frequently in the extreme (disturbed) range of family functioning. However, boys of families in the extreme range did not have more behavior problems than the boys of other families. The findings suggest that a greater than average proportion of boys with LD are at risk...
Using Rubrics To Create And Evaluate Student Projects In A Marketing Course

Faculty members should take the lead from industry and consider utilizing rubrics when they set out to explain an assignment to students and when they evaluate students’ project work in a Marketing course. It is common for evaluation forms to ask the respondent to make a judgment of best (typically the highest number on the scale) to worst (usually the lowest number); the descriptive term and its affiliated numeric score is a rubric. We are all familiar with rubrics and we use them frequently. Faculty members who utilize rubrics when grading student Marketing projects will find that student understanding will improve, the process of grading will be streamlined – faster and more efficient – and their grading will be more consistent too.
Ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases.

Abstract Purpose To describe the clinical features, histologic findings, flow cytometric immunophenotypes, and molecular profiles of ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations. Study design Prospective noncomparative case series. Participants Forty-three patients suspected of having ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations were biopsied and prospectively evaluated. Methods Provisional diagnoses were made on the basis of routine histology and immunohistochemistry for B and T cells. Results of flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) and molecular assessment using polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and TCR gamma chain gene rearrangement and bcl-2/IgH translocation were then incorporated into a final diagnosis. Demographic and clinical outcome data were collected. Main outcome measures Final diagnosis based on histology, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction. Results Forty-three cases were studied. Final diagnoses included 17 lymphomas, 18 chronic inflammations, 4 reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, and 4 atypical lymphoid infiltrates. Preliminary evaluation accurately categorized all 43 cases as either lymphoma or nonlymphoma. FCI permitted more precise subclassification of the lymphomas according to the Revised European American Lymphoma (REAL) system of nomenclature as follows: eight marginal zone B cell (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type), three mantle cell, two follicular, three large cell, and one lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. FCI showed a clonal B cell proliferation in 94% (16 of 17) of the lymphomas; FCI identified a clonal B cell population in 4% (1 of 25) of cases of nonlymphomas. Molecular evidence of clonality was identified in 88% (15 of 17) of lymphomas, 39% (7 of 18) of chronic inflammations, and 50% (4 of 8) of reactive lymphoid hyperplasias and atypical lymphoid infiltrates. Conclusions The histologic diagnosis of ocular adnexal lymphoid lesions is highly accurate when determined by an experienced pathologist. FCI refines the histologic diagnosis and classification. Results of molecular studies should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical, histologic, and immunophenotyping findings.
IP7K is kinetically well-equipped for cell signaling but does not regulate CDK5 activity (1013.12)

Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) such as 1-IP7 and IP8 serve as cellular signals that interface nutrient status with cellular growth and energy homeostasis; PP-InsP turnover may impact bioenerget...
Art with Fight in It: Discovering that a Statue of a Colonial Officer Is a Power Object from the 1931 Pende Revolt

This article investigates a Kwilu Pende statue of a Belgian colonial officer (Fig. 1) through the combined perspectives of historical events, an unusual wealth of relevant documentation, and technical analysis. Its origin stems from the chance encounter now more than forty years ago by which Herbert Weiss, a political scientist and student of protest movements in the Congo, was able to acquire the work and learn the identity of the subject. More recently, examination by curator Richard Woodward and conservator Kathy Gillis at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts revealed a series of extraordinary channels—carefully planned and executed in the freshly carved green wood. These discoveries prompted further investigation and dialogue by Weiss, Woodward, and Z.S. Strother, a scholar of Pende art history, in wrestling with understanding this unusual work and seizing a rare opportunity to recover a fragment of African art history.
MADDSAP-l, a Versatile Remotely Piloted Vehicle for Agricultural Research

A remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) was redesigned and constructed as an agricultural research tool. The RPV was a biplane aircraft (2.44 m wingspan by 2.04 m fuselage length) powered by a 50-cm3 4.0 hp modified chainsaw engine. The aircraft was controlled by a seven-channel FM radio control system augmented with a quasielectrodynamic autopilot. The RPV has been fitted with both an ultra-low-volume spray system and an electrostatically charged dust system for applying high concentrations of entomopathogenic bacteria, fungal spores, or viruses. The RPV also utilizes an oil vaporization system to observe wind movement. The RPV is also fitted with systems to sample airborne insect, spore, and pollen populations via remotely controlled traps.
Hückel theory and optical activity.

Optical rotations and rotatory strengths are calculated for achiral, conjugated hydrocarbons with the aim of determining to what extent the sum-over-π → π* rotatory strengths are sufficient to account for nonresonant optical activity. The separability of σ and π electrons might provide a short cut to the interpretation of chiroptical structure-property relations in some cases. It is shown that by restricting the analyses to planar, C(2v)-symmetric π-systems and their one electron HOMO-LUMO excitations, an intuitive understanding of the vexing property of optical activity is forthcoming for the following reasons: Huckel wave functions are simply calculated, and in some cases, they can even be approximated by inspection of structure. Wave functions of planar molecules can be multiplied with one another graphically or, in the mind's eye, to yield transition electric and magnetic moments. The gyration tensors have just one independent component. Transition dipole moments are orthogonal to one another. And, the most optically active directions are found at their bisectors. Throughout, emphasis is on the evaluation of long wavelength optical rotation, consistent with quantum chemical computation, using simple models that are part of the fabric of organic chemistry pedagogy.
Unique assembly of charged polymers at the oil-water interface.

Understanding the interfacial adsorption of polymers has become increasingly important because a wide range of scientific disciplines utilize these macromolecular structures to facilitate processes such as nanoparticle assembly, environmental remediation, electrical multilayer assembly, and surfactant adsorption. Structure and adsorption characteristics for poly(acrylic acid) at the oil−water interface have been studied using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy and interfacial tension to increase the comprehension of polyelectrolyte structure at interfaces. The adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) to the oil−water interface from the aqueous phase is found to be highly pH dependent and occurs in a multistep process, with the initial polymer adsorption displaying a high degree of conformational ordering.
Attitudes and Practices of University Health Education Faculty Related to Alternative Medicine

This study determined attitudes and practices, including gender differences, of university health education faculty regarding advocacy and use of alternative medicine. A random sample of health education instructors from institutions offering degrees in health education was surveyed using a written questionnaire. Health education instructors from 41 out of 48 states and territories with programs in health education responded to this survey, comprising a total of 220 usable responses. Results of this survey indicated health education instructors were more likely than the general population to use alternative medicine therapies. The majority of instructors who used such therapies reported high to moderate levels of satisfaction. Significant gender differences were uncovered regarding use, satisfaction, and advocacy for alternative medicine.
Xiangjiaba hydropower project Suijiang area phase I evaluation of reservoir bottom cleaning effect

Objective To prevent the occurrence and prevalence of the disease in the reservoir area. Methods cleaning the main burning and bleach disinfection method of combining physical and chemical disinfection processing of General pollution, infectious source;Rodent baits are 0.005 bromadiolone;Detection of fecal coliform numbers using the Cultivation method.Combined the engineering field epidemiological methods to evaluate the cleaning effect. Clips method for evaluating the effect of rodent control. Results County 4 townships and counties full completion of the reservoir bottom cleaning tasks,General pollution septic cleanup 7503,methane-generating pit for 523,infectious source(34),Rodent control area:12258 acres of cultivated land,2416254 square meters of buildings.Terminal 104020 square meters.After the cleanup,fecal coliform numbers in line with Of the waste harmless and hygienic standards 10-2 (GB7959-1987) health standards,rat rodent density former farming area of 3.32%,urban demolition 13.27%,after deratization farming area of 0.26%,0.52% urban demolition area. Conclusion Suijiang in xiangjiaba hydropower station reservoir impoundment of the reservoir bottom cleaning large reservoirs in conformity with national requirements,can meet the xiangjiaba hydropower station in suijiang area below the water line(381 meters above sea level)and water needs of the affected area.
The research about vehicle road durability test

The reliability and durability of vehicle systems are the most important key index as far as customers are concerned.It greatly influence customer appraise for vehicle and sales.Vehicle road durability test is the most important way for vehicle durability.On the basis of years experience in vehicle road durability test and for improving vehicle quality and decreasing customer complaint,analysis is made to research ways to find more failures in test vehicle.It indicates that following reasonable test procedure and establishing scientific test criterion as well as setting up failure items and standards for all systems in test vehicle are effective ways to find more failures in test vehicle.
Refractive errors and visual acuity impairment among self-selected Hispanic, white, and black adults examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic.

Background Occurrence of refractive errors and uncorrected visual acuity impairment among self-selected, indigent, medically underserved Hispanic, white, and black adults examined by the staff of the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic (MEC) are described in this study and compared to population-based studies. Methods The study sample consisted of all 2,970 Hispanic, 1,228 white, and 1,028 black participants, for a total of 5,226 self-selected adults, ages 25 to 74 years, who received vision screenings and eye examinations by the staff of the UCLA MEC from 1987 to 1997. Tests consisted of visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, retinoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopic examination, and indirect ophthalmoloscopy with pupillary dilation. Levels of visual acuity impairment were defined as mild (20/50-20/80), moderate (20/100), or severe (20/200 or worse) in either eye. Results Self-selected whites in this study had higher rates of astigmatism, anisometropia, and hyperopia, while myopia was higher among self-selected blacks. Myopia and hyperopia occurred more frequently among younger age groups for all ethnic groups. Whites had a higher occurrence of mild, moderate, and severe visual acuity impairment, as compared with Hispanics and blacks. Conclusions Both refractive errors and impaired visual acuity of this self-selected sample are similar to those of adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the Baltimore Eye Survey. The data presented in this study provide a crude estimate of the occurrence of refractive errors and impaired visual acuity among self-selected, medically underserved, indigent Hispanic, white, and black adults in the Los Angeles area.
Decreased membrane fluidity during differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture

The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, undergoes differentiation in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). phorbol esters, and other agents. Studies were undertaken to determine whether agents that promote differentiation influence membrane fluidity and to assess whether changes in membrane fluidity occur during the process of differentiation. Cells were grown in the presence of DMSO, 1.25%. or tetradecanolyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), 1.6 × 10–8M. Surface membranes were isolated from cells by sucrose density sedimentation following cell disruption with nitrogen cavitation. Membrane fluidity was assessed by the fluorescence polarization of the membrane probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). A progressive decrease in membrane fluidity was first observed on day 3 following exposure of HL-60 cells to DMSO, and this reached a maximum on day 5, coincident with morphological and cytochemical differentiation. Similar changes in membrane fluidity were observed in liposomes prepared from extracted membrane lipids. The ratio of membrane cholesterol to phospholipid was increased 37% on day 5, and there was a small increase in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, with no significant change in phospholipid composition. No changes in membrane fluidity were observed during 18 hr of exposure of HL-60 cells to TPA, after which these cells became glass adherent. These studies demonstrate that significant changes in membrane lipid composition and fluidity occur during the process of differentiation in vitro. However, agents that stimulate leukemic cells to differentiate do not themselves appear to perturb bulk membrane fluidity.
CBRN Security, Human Factor, and the New Focus on Security Culture

Security analysts worldwide are increasingly concerned that terrorist groups, in pursuit of more stupefying shows of strength and resolve, might seek access to CBRN materials. Of these, nuclear (N) materials, as a rule, are far better protected than the others. Yet, much of the concern about materials security revolves around nuclear rather than radiological (R), chemical (C) or biological (B). In part, this benign neglect of dangers from B, R, and N materials stems from the fact that we are surrounded by them in their civilian/industrial forms, and are comfortable and familiar with them in everyday life.
Intraperitoneal Injection of Ethanol for the Euthanasia of Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus) and Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Compassion, professional ethics, and public sensitivity require that animals are euthanized humanely and appropriately under both planned and emergent situations. According to the 2013 AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, intraperitoneal injection of ethanol is "acceptable with conditions" for use in mice. Because only limited information regarding this technique is available, we sought to evaluate ethanol by using ECG and high-definition video recording. Mice (n = 85) and rats (n = 16) were treated with intraperitoneal ethanol (70% or 100%), a positive-control agent (pentobarbital-phenytoin combination [Pe/Ph]), or a negative-control agent (saline solution). After injection, animals were assessed for behavioral and physiologic responses. Pain-assessment techniques in mice demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of ethanol was not more painful than was intraperitoneal Pe/Ph. Median time to loss of consciousness for all mice that received ethanol or Pe/Ph was 45 s. Median time to respiratory arrest was 2.75, 2.25, and 2.63 min, and time (mean ± SE) to cardiac arrest was 6.04 ± 1.3, 2.96 ± 0.6, and 4.03 ± 0.5 min for 70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, and Pe/Ph, respectively. No mouse that received ethanol or Pe/Ph regained consciousness. Although successful in mice, intraperitoneal ethanol at the doses tested (9.2 to 20.1 g/kg) was unsuitable for euthanasia of rats (age, 7 to 8 wk) because of the volume needed and prolonged time to respiratory effects. For mice, intraperitoneal injection of 70% or 100% ethanol induced rapid and irreversible loss of consciousness, followed by death, and should be considered as "acceptable with conditions."
The Impact of Mortgagor Bankruptcy on the Real Estate Mortgagee: Current Problems and Some Suggested Solutions

In theory, mortgagees should be unconcerned when insolvency forces mortgagors to file bankruptcy. Indeed, protection from such occurrences is the very reason for creation of mortgage security interests. In reality, however, mortgagees’ rights, contractual and statutory, are often substantially affected by federal bankruptcy law, as many learn when they are forced into bankruptcy court to defend their security interests from the trustee’s attack. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the impact of mortgagor bankruptcy on the real estate mortgagee, to explore in detail certain recent developments that are especially troublesome to such mortgagees and to propose certain changes in state foreclosure practices that would, it is hoped, obviate the problems that gave rise to those developments.
Climate Perceptions and Identity Interference Among Undergraduate Women in STEM: The Protective Role of Gender Identity

In a study of 639 female undergraduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors, we found that the relation between a negative academic climate and more interference between identities as women and as scientists, and lower science performance perceptions, was mediated by lower psychological well-being. We also found partial support for gender identity (centrality, private regard, and public regard) as a buffer of the link between climate/interference and psychological well-being. Specifically, gender centrality buffered the link between identity interference and well-being. Gender public regard buffered the association of both negative climate and interference with well-being, and gender private regard exacerbated the link between interference and well-being. We discuss these results in terms of the benefits that gender identification may provide for women in STEM and suggest that educators create networks for women in STEM, while working to reduce sexism and improve academic cl...
Once a physicist: Nick Horvath

How did you get into basketball? That's an easy one: I was tall. I had zero interest in sport at a young age and was pushed into basketball against my will when I was about eight. I hated it. The next year, however, I was so much taller than everyone else that in my first game, even though I had no idea what I was doing, I could simply hold the ball above my head and shoot over everyone. I fell in love with basketball after that first game. If I had played badly that day, it is likely that I would not have played again in my entire life.
An on-line framework for improving reliability of real-time systems on “big-little” type MPSoCs

Heterogeneous MPSoCs consisting of cores with different performance/power behaviors are widely used in many power-constrained real-time systems. Both soft-error reliability and lifetime reliability are key concerns in such systems. Although existing work have investigated related problems, they either focus on one of the two reliability concerns or propose complicated scheduling algorithms that cannot adequately address run-time workload and environment variations. This paper introduces an on-line heuristic to maximize soft-error reliability while satisfying a lifetime reliability constraint for soft real-time systems executed on MPSoCs composed of high-performance cores and low-power cores. Based on the run-time cores' frequencies and utilizations, the heuristic performs workload migration between the high-performance cores and low-power cores to achieve improved soft-error reliability. Experimental results from both a hardware platform and a simulator show that the proposed algorithm reduces the probability of faults by at least 30% compared to a number of representative existing approaches while satisfying the same lifetime reliability constraints.
Behavioral Studies With Aging Humans: Hearing Sensitivity and Psychoacoustics

Historically, the study of human aging and hearing has focused on problems of speech perception and comprehension experienced by older listeners. An earlier comprehensive review of these problems (Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics [CHABA] 1988) outlined the scope of the age-related listening difficulties and pointed to several areas of interest where information was lacking and greater study was needed. Some of the research needs cited are specific to speech processing and aging (see Humes and Dubno, Chapter 8) and to general aspects of cognition and audition (see Schneider, Pichora-Fuller, and Daneman, Chapter 7). Equally important are questions about the extent to which aging of the auditory system compromises listeners’ ability to process simple and complex nonspeech sounds. This topic is explored in the present chapter by a review of recent psychoacoustic studies that were conducted to identify those auditory abilities and processes that appear to be affected by aging. Where possible, age-related alterations in processing mechanisms associated with spectral, intensive, and temporal aspects of sound are linked to known anatomical and physiological changes with age in the auditory system (see Schmiedt, Chapter 2; Canlon, Illing, and Walton, Chapter 3). A related goal of the psychoacoustic investigations is to identify some of the possible contributing factors that underlie the speech understanding difficulties of older listeners.
Against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference

Recent accounts of switch-reference have suggested that direct reference tracking is not involved. Instead, these accounts have sought to derive patterns of switch-reference from other independently attested phenomena such as control and coordination. What these diverse theories have in common is the prediction that same subject constructions should contain only one instance of a subject DP. I present evidence from Amahuaca showing that overt DP subjects can appear in both clauses in same subject constructions, contra the predictions of these non-reference-tracking theories. However, there is also evidence that Amahuaca same subject marked clauses are structurally smaller than different subject marked clauses. This size asymmetry is predicted by non-reference-tracking accounts but not by traditional direct reference-tracking theories. Thus while the Amahuaca data provide evidence against non-reference-tracking theories of switch-reference, they suggest that direct reference-tracking accounts must also be modified in order to account for the full range of data.