cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Student Resilience: Perspectives of Graduates of Alternative Education Programs

Many students with emotional and behavioral disorders placed in alternative education settings lack resilience and are likely to experience failure in school and beyond without carefully designed intervention programs. Although researchers have examined both resilience in children and youth and their placement in alternative education settings, there is little research regarding resilience among students who have graduated from alternative education settings. Using semistructured interviews in the present interpretive and descriptive qualitative study, we sought to explore factors of resilience in individuals who graduated from alternative education settings. Further, we wanted to identify elements specific to alternative education settings that may contribute to resilience in young adulthood and to further our understanding of how alternative education placements have contributed to the participants' current life status. Finally, we discuss the participants' perspectives of their school experiences and t...
Importance of leaf versus whole plant CO2 environment for photosynthetic acclimation

The reduction of photosynthetic capacity in many plants grown at elevated CO2 is thought to result from a feedback effect of leaf carbohydrates on gene expression. Carbohydrate feedback at elevated CO2 could result from limitations on carbohydrate utilization at many different points, for example export of triose phosphates from the chloroplast, sucrose synthesis and phloem loading, transport in the phloem, unloading of the phloem at the sinks, or utilization for growth of sinks. To determine the relative importance of leaf versus whole plant level limitations on carbohydrate utilization at elevated CO2, and the possible effects on the regulation of photosynthetic capacity, we constructed a treatment system in which we could expose single, attached, soybean leaflets to CO2 concentrations different from those experienced by the rest of the plant. The single leaflet treatments had dramatic effects on the carbohydrate contents of the treated leaflets. However, photosynthetic capacity and rubisco content were unaffected by the individual leaflet treatment and instead were related to the whole plant CO2 environment, despite the fact that the CO2 environment around the rest of the plant had no significant affect on the total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) contents of the treated leaflets. These results necessitate a re-evaluation of the response mechanisms to CO2 as well as some of the methods used to test these responses. We propose mechanisms by which sink strength could influence leaf physiology independently of changes in carbohydrate accumulation.
An Examination of Social Validity Within Single-Case Research With Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders:

In this article, we reviewed social validity in single-case research studies that focused on interventions for students who have either been identified as having, or as at-risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. This review focused on studies from four peer-reviewed journals known to publish single-case research with this population: the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, and Behavioral Disorders. We reviewed 22 studies published from January 2008 to November 2011 that met inclusion criteria. The purposes of this review were (a) to evaluate how researchers are addressing social validity as defined by Horner and colleagues (2005) and (b) to explore how single-case researchers are measuring social validity. Overall, results indicated that the research studies included in this review addressed socially important questions within typical contexts, but that most did not address social validity explicitly.
Multiple transcription factor codes activate epidermal wound-response genes in Drosophila.

Wounds in Drosophila and mouse embryos induce similar genetic pathways to repair epidermal barriers. However, the transcription factors that transduce wound signals to repair epidermal barriers are largely unknown. We characterize the transcriptional regulatory enhancers of 4 genes—Ddc, ple, msn, and kkv—that are rapidly activated in epidermal cells surrounding wounds in late Drosophila embryos and early larvae. These epidermal wound enhancers all contain evolutionarily conserved sequences matching binding sites for JUN/FOS and GRH transcription factors, but vary widely in transand cis-requirements for these inputs and their binding sites. We propose that the combination of GRH and FOS is part of an ancient wound–response pathway still used in vertebrates and invertebrates, but that other mechanisms have evolved that result in similar transcriptional output. A common, but largely untested assumption of bioinformatic analyses of gene regulatory networks is that transcription units activated in the same spatial and temporal patterns will require the same cis-regulatory codes. Our results indicate that this is an overly simplistic view. cuticle grainy head fos wound repair
Ecosystem-level consequences of symbiont partnerships in an N-fixing shrub from interior Alaskan floodplains

In long-lived N-fixing plants, environmental conditions affecting plant growth and N demand vary at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and symbiont assemblages on a given host and patterns of allocation to nodule activities have been shown to vary according to environmental factors, suggesting that hosts may alter partner choice and manipulate symbiont assemblages based on shifting plant needs. This study assessed economic trade-offs among N-fixing symbionts of thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) by examining whether alder–Frankia associations change in response to the up-regulation (P fertilization) and down-regulation (N-fertilization) of N-fixation activities, and whether these changes are associated with differences among Frankia partners in their relative C cost and/or N benefit to A. tenuifolia. Relative to control plots, alder in +P plots had significantly higher nodule biomass and N-fixation rates; these parameters were significantly lower in +N plots, translating to stand-level N inputs that we...
Peat or no peat: Why do the Rajang and Mahakam Deltas differ?

Abstract Coastal and deltaic Holocene peat accumulations around the equatorial island of Borneo, Southeast Asia, have served as models for economic coal-bearing sequences in the stratigraphic record. Although climatic conditions, vegetational communities, and sedimentary regimes are comparable, peat accumulations are not found on both the western and eastern sides of the island. The Rajang River delta and coastal plain, Sarawak, East Malaysia, are covered in areally extensive, thick peat deposits that have attained at least a thickness of > 13 m in ombrogenous peat domes (Marudi, Baram River). Peat-swamp biomass began to accumulate over Pleistocene podzols when sea level stabilized ∼ 7.5 ka and delta progradation was initiated. The Mahakam River delta and coastal plain, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, also began progradation at this time, but there is no evidence in any part of the coastal region for peat accumulation. Rather, poorly developed organic-rich gleysols occur throughout the delta plain. Both the Rajang River and Mahakam River deltas are tidally influenced, fine-grained systems, with a sediment provenance in the Central Massif. Sediment transported through the Rajang River delta differs in that as much as 60% of the clay minerals deposited in the system are mixed layer (I/S) and expandable (K/E) clays that act to restrict pore water flow in the tidal and overbank deposits that comprise the delta plain. These result in the development of an aquiclude above which paludal conditions develop, promoting accumulation of organic matter. In contrast, there is a low proportion of mixed layer and expandable clays transported in the Mahakam River system. This precludes the development of a stilted water table within the delta, allowing for organic matter recycling without peat accumulation. The presence of a high proportion of expandable clay minerals on the western side of Borneo is a reflection of the weathering and eroding source rocks on this side of the Central Borneo Massif.
The anaerobic microflora of the human body

An overview is presented of the kinds of anaerobic bacteria that inhibit the surfaces of the human body. The anaerobic floras of the skin, oral cavity, alimentary tract, and genitourinary tract are described. The activities of these organisms that impact on the human host and their interactions are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the protective roles of the floras of the various bodily surfaces in preventing infections. Identified mechanisms of protection on the skin and in the colon and the vagina are explained.
Critical Control Points for Profitability in the Cow-Calf Enterprise

Financial, economic, and biological data from cow-calf producers participating in the Illinois and Iowa Standardized Performance Analysis programs were analyzed. Data were collected from 1996 to 1999; each herd-year represented one observation. The database consisted of 225 commercial herd observations (117 Iowa; 108 Illinois) and ranged from 20 to 373 cows. Analyses were conducted on financial and economic costs of production. Each observation was analyzed as the difference from the mean for that given year to eliminate environmental and cattle cycle effects. The dependent variable used as an indicator of profit was return to unpaid labor and management per cow (RLM). Independent variables were feed, operating, depreciation, capital, hired labor costs, calf weight, calf price, cull weight, cull price, weaning percentage, calving distribution, herd size, and investment. Family labor was used in the economic analysis. All financial factors analyzed were correlated to RLM (P<0.10) except cull weight and cull price. All economic factors analyzed were correlated to RLM (P<0.10) except calf weight, cull weight, and cull price. A financial prediction equation using eight variables accounted for 82% of the variation among farms. For both economic and financial analyses, feed cost accounted for over 50% of the variation among farms. In the financial regression model, depreciation cost was the second critical factor accounting for 9% of variation in RLM followed by operating cost (5%). Calf weight was the fourth indicator of RLM in the financial model (5%). Cost factors accounted for more variation in RLM than production, reproduction, or producer-controlled marketing factors. Feed cost was the most critical control point, as it accounted for 50% of the variation in profit among the herds.
Influence of an Electric Field upon the Heat Transfer from a Hot Wire to an Insulating Liquid

IF a non-uniform electric field is applied to a medium of dielectric constant K 1, containing a region of lower dielectric constant K 2, the latter will experience a force directed towards the region of lower field strength. This force is proportional to the difference between the two dielectric constants and the gradient of the square of the electric field. Now, when a liquid is heated, and expands, there is a resultant fall in dielectric constant, so that if the heating occurs in a region of high field, the heated liquid should be forced into regions of lower field strength.
MEAN-FIELD RAINFALL BIAS STUDIES FOR WSR-88D

Real-time radar-rainfall bias adjustment procedures for weather surveillance Doppler radar (WSR­ 88D) are investigated. Statistical analysis of the mean-field bias is performed on a 2-year record of WSR-88D observations from lUIsa, Okla., and rain gauge measurements from a dense network under the radar umbrella. The analysis shows strong seasonal effect. A data-based Monte Carlo simulation experiment is performed on the same data to quantify the sampling error of estimated bias for varying rain gauge network densities. Sim­ ulation results show (l) that the sampling error decreases proportionally to the square of the rain gauge network density; and (2) that the sampling error is higher in the warm season. The performance of three mean-field radar­ rainfall bias estimation and prediction algorithms is investigated. The algorithms include the WSR-88D precip­ itation adjustment procedure, the adaptive error parameter technique, and the maximum likelihood autoregressive model. A Monte Carlo simulation experiment is used to assess the algorithms' error statistics for the two seasons, three accumulation timescales, and two modes of operation (prediction and update). Results show significant seasonal and time-scale effects.
Simultaneous lidar observations of vertical wind, temperature, and density profiles in the upper mesophere: Evidence for nonseparability of atmospheric perturbation spectra

A Na Wind/Temperature lidar was used to measure Na density, atmospheric temperature, and vertical wind profiles between 84 and 100 km altitude on September 27, 1993 at Haleakala, Maui during the 1993 Airborne Lidar and Observations of the Hawaiian Airglow (ALOHA-93) Campaign. The data were used to compute the vertical wave number (m) and observed temporal frequency spectra (ω) of relative atmospheric density, relative temperature, and vertical winds perturbations. The shapes and magnitudes of the relative density and temperature spectra are consistent with the large body of previously published observations. The spectral indices are near −3 for the m-spectra and near −2 for the ω-spectra. The spectral index of the vertical wind ω-spectrum is near 0. The spectral index of the vertical wind m-spectrum is very small (−1.4). This result is inconsistent with the concept of separable (m, ω) joint spectra for wave induced perturbations. The measured rms perturbations during the observation period are, respectively, 4.9%, 4.5%, and 3.9 m/s for relative atmospheric density, relative temperature, and vertical winds.
The Return of Old-Fashioned Racism to White Americans’ Partisan Preferences in the Early Obama Era

Old-fashioned racism (OFR) was unrelated to white Americans’ partisan preferences throughout the post-civil rights era. This study argues OFR could return to white partisanship following decades of dormancy because of Obama’s presidency. After first demonstrating that such attitudes were significantly stronger predictors of opposition to Obama than ideologically similar white Democrats, I support that spillover hypothesis with the following evidence: opposition to interracial dating was correlated with white partisanship in 2009 despite being unrelated to party identification in 12 earlier surveys; moreover, evaluations of Obama completely mediated that relationship between OFR and partisanship; old-fashioned racism predicted changes in white panelists’ partisanship between 2006 and 2011; these attitudes were also a stronger determinant of midterm vote preferences in 2010 than they were in 2006, with that relationship once again mediated by President Obama; and experimentally connecting Obama to congressi...
LAPAROSCOPIC BLADDER NECK SUSPENSION FAILS THE TEST OF TIME

Purpose:: Initial reports on laparoscopic bladder neck suspension have suggested success rates similar to those of traditional bladder neck suspension. We compare long-term success rates of laparoscopic and transvaginal Raz bladder neck suspension.Materials and Methods:: A total of 100 patients with anatomical stress urinary incontinence underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic bladder neck suspension with securing of the endopelvic fascia to Cooper’s ligament (58, laparoscopy group) or transvaginal Raz bladder neck suspension (42, transvaginal group). Patients were evaluated by chart review and telephone questionnaire to determine whether they had urinary incontinence.Results:: The 2 groups were similar in terms of age, mean body mass index, preoperative bladder capacity and post-void residual. Mean followup was 45 months (range 14 to 71) in 50 laparoscopy group (86%) and 59 months (range 35 to 72) in 29 transvaginal group (70%) patients. Only 15 of 50 laparoscopy group (30%) and 10 of 29 transvaginal grou...
Design and rationale of the Reduction of Infarct Expansion and Ventricular Remodeling with Erythropoietin after Large Myocardial Infarction (REVEAL) trial.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of death despite advances in pharmacologic and percutaneous therapies. Animal models of ischemia/reperfusion have demonstrated that single-dose erythropoietin may reduce infarct size, decrease apoptosis, and increase neovascularization, possibly through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells. Study Design REVEAL is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the effects of epoetin α on infarct size and left ventricular remodeling in patients with large MIs. The trial comprises a dose-escalation safety phase and a single-dose efficacy phase using the highest acceptable epoetin α dose up to 60,000 IU. Up to 250 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention will be randomized to intravenous epoetin α or placebo within 4 hours of successful reperfusion. The primary study end point is infarct size expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 2 to 6 days post study medication administration. Secondary end points will assess changes in endothelial progenitor cell numbers and changes in indices of ventricular remodeling. Conclusion The REVEAL trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the highest tolerated single dose of epoetin α in patients who have undergone successful rescue or primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Optimizing Multicast Performance in Large-Scale WLANs

Support for efficient multicasting in WLANs can enable new services such as streaming TV channels, radio channels, and visitor's information. With increasing deployments of large-scale WLANs, such services can have a significant impact. However, for a solution to be viable, the mutlicast services must minimally impact the existing unicast services which are currently the core services offered by most WLANs. This paper focuses on three objective functions motivated by different revenue functions and network scenarios: maximizing the number of users (MNU), balancing the load among APs (BLA), and minimizing the load of APs (MLA). We show that these problems are NP-hard and present centralized approximation algorithms and distributed approaches to solve them. Using simulations we evaluate the performance of these algorithms. We observe that the number of users can be increased by up to 36.9%, and the maximum AP load and the total load can be reduced by up to 52.9% and 31.1%, respectively.
Liganded pregnane X receptor represses the human sulfotransferase SULT1E1 promoter through disrupting its chromatin structure

Pregnane X receptor (PXR), acting as a xenobiotic-activated transcription factor, regulates the hepatic metabolism of therapeutics as well as endobiotics such as steroid hormones. Given our finding that PXR activation by rifampicin (RIF) represses the estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) gene in human primary hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells, here we have investigated the molecular mechanism of this repression. First the PXR-responsive enhancer was delineated to a 100 bp sequence (-1000/-901), which contains three half sites that constitute the overlapping direct repeat 1 (DR1) and direct repeat 2 (DR2) motifs and two forkhead factor binding sites. siRNA knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin conformation capture assays were employed to demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) bound to the PXR-responsive enhancer, and activated the enhancer by looping its position close to the proximal promoter. Upon activation by RIF, PXR indirectly interacted with the enhancer, decreasing the interaction with HNF4α and dissolving the looped SULT1E1 promoter with deacetylation of histone 3. Removal of the DR sites from the enhancer hampers the ability of HNF4α to loop the promoter and that of PXR to repress the promoter activity. Thus, PXR represses human SULT1E1, possibly attenuating the inactivation of estrogen.
A note on refinancing costs, prepayment assumptions, and the value of mortgage-backed securities

This article analyzes the effect and timing of the FHA's streamline refinance program on the value of GNMA 15s. The program announced in March 1989 reduced the refinancing costs for those mortgages of 15 percent and above. The program is expected to reduce the value of GNMA's. The authors find a reduction of .47 to 3.40 points in the value of GNMA 15s during the 3-week to 13-week period following the announcement of the plan. The drop in value translates into a wealth loss for GNMA 15 holders of about $20 million over this time.
Analysis of Insulin Response of Rabbits After Injection of Diabetic Serum

SummaryThe response of rabbits to insulin before and after the injection of diabetic serum has not, in our experience, afforded a means of distinguishing different types of diabetes. The inhibition of the response of the blood sugar to insulin in rabbits after the injection of pituitary extract has ken confirmed.
Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin.

V is a bactericidal glycopeptide with activity against most gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin is particularly effective in several clinically precarious settings, including against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other multidrug-resistant organisms, against staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in penicillinand cephalosporin-allergic patients, and against Clostridium difficile in pseudomembranous colitis. Peak and trough levels are measured as a matter of course in most hospitals. The specter of a new generation of incurable infectious diseases is invoked by emerging vancomycin resistance in patient isolates.
Interpersonal Problems, Mindfulness, and Therapy Outcome in an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Objective: To better understand the role interpersonal problems play in response to two treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); an acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT) and applied relaxation (AR), and to examine how the development of mindfulness may be related to change in interpersonal problems over treatment and at follow-up. Method: Eighty-one individuals diagnosed with GAD (65.4% female, 80.2% identified as white, average age 32.92) were randomized to receive 16 sessions of either ABBT or AR. GAD severity, interpersonal problems, and mindfulness were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Results: Mixed effect regression models did not reveal any significant effects of pre-treatment interpersonal problems on GAD severity over treatment. After controlling for post-treatment GAD severity, remaining post-treatment interpersonal problems predicted 6- but not 12-month GAD severity. Participants in both conditions experienced a large decrease in...
Relationships between activity of sympathetic nerve pairs: phase and coherence

The coherence function and phase spectrum were used to study the relationships between the discharges of sets of two postganglionic or preganglionic sympathetic nerves in baroreceptor-denervated cats anesthetized with either 5,5-diallylbarbiturate-urethan or alpha-chloralose. Most of the power in sympathetic nerve discharge was contained between 2 and 6 Hz. The coherence values relating the activity of two nerves were significantly different from zero within this frequency band. The phase spectrum was either linear or complex (i.e., showed changes in slope) within the coherent frequency band. We observed three patterns of relationship. The first pattern was characterized by a constant interval between activity in different sympathetic nerves within the coherent frequency band. The second pattern was characterized by a frequency-dependent interval. The third pattern was characterized by uncoupling of the 2- to 6-Hz rhythms in the discharges of different nerves. Switching between these patterns was observed. We suggest that the three patterns reflect different functional states of the central system responsible for the 2- to 6-Hz rhythm. Two models of this system are entertained. The first model is one of a system of coupled oscillators while filtering circuits that receive common inputs are the elements of the second model.
Global Tax Planning for Losses

This report addresses many of the ways that losses can materialize in a multinational business and discusses strategies to ensure the availability of tax benefits for any such losses.
A Model of Neuronal Sprouting for Examining the Role of Glia in Axonal Growth

During the past several years there has been renewed interest in the possible involvement of glial cells in axonal growth. Ramon y Cajal (1) and others demonstrated that regeneration of axons within the mature central nervous system (CNS) is rare whereas regrowth occurs routinely in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although Cajal argued that the CNS environment was the limiting factor, there have been several hypotheses proposed to explain the abortive nature of CNS regeneration including the idea that CNS neurons are intrinsically incapable of extensive axonal growth. Recently, however, Aguayo and coworkers (2–6) have shown that neurons which are normally restricted to the CNS will regenerate axons for several millimeters when provided with a peripheral nerve graft. Thus, rather than representing an intrinsic inability of mature CNS neurons to regenerate, these results elegantly demonstrate that the mature CNS environment is less favourable for axonal elongation as compared to a peripheral nerve.
Velocity space "snapshots" of continuum electrons produced by slow, bare, highly charged ions: saddle-point electrons?

Comprehensive velocity-space "snapshots" of the electron continua produced by the impact of ions on He at a projectile velocity of 1.63 a.u. have been measured for the bare projectiles of p, He, C, O and Ne. For the three highly charged ions, this velocity lies in the "ionization threshold" region where electron capture dominates the reaction. The experimental technique projects the distribution of soft continuum electrons onto a two-dimensional detector in such a way that the velocity-space distribution for all electrons with laboratory energies in the range from 0-30 eV is accurately imaged. The data show no evidence for a saddle-point feature for the highest three projectile charges.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigation of Radical Production by Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions Under X-ray Irradiation.

Nanomaterials can enhance the effect of X-rays, but the mechanisms of enhancement can be complicated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used here to shed light on enhancement mechanisms by detecting the originally proposed physical enhancement of the effect of X-rays by as-made large gold nanoparticles. Specifically spin trap reagent 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (BMPO) was used to trap radicals produced in aqueous solutions under X-ray irradiation. Even though only BMPO hydroxyl adducts were detected at the time of EPR measurement, both hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were found to contribute to the enhancement. The measured total enhancement was 0.7-fold per weight percent (wp) of Au in water using unfiltered X-rays. The theoretically predicted physical enhancement is 0.49 fold per wp of gold in water. This information, together with scavenging experimental results and the fact that the G-values are close for both radicals, suggest that hydroxyl and superoxide radicals cont...
8 ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR-DEPENDENT SIGNALING IN TPA-INDUCED MOUSE MODELS.

Caloric restriction is associated with increased longevity and cancer resistance in many species. Recent work on mice with selective loss of insulin signaling—only in adipose tissue—suggested that reduced adiposity, not food restriction, extended longevity (Science 2003;299:572). To determine if this finding also applied to cancer prevention, three groups of SENCAR mice were treated with TPA following 10 weeks pretreatment: (a) ad libitum fed, sedentary; (b) exercise with pair feeding at the same amount as group a; and (c) 20% calorie restriction. Body weight and percent fat were significantly decreased in groups b and c after 10 weeks. Dorsal skin was shaved and topically treated with 3.2 nmol TPA, and tissue was harvested at necropsy 2 hours later. Subcutaneous fat in skin sections was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for two pathways of insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF-1)-dependent cellular signaling, PI3K and H-ras. Tissue was graded for staining density using computer standards under guidance of a pathologist without knowledge of tissue treatment. H-ras staining in TPA-treated subcutaneous fat was significantly different between groups: sedentary (a) vs exercise (b) was significant (p = .02) and sedentary (a) vs dietary restriction (c) was highly significant (p Supported by NIH R01CA106397, W.W.
H3N2 Mismatch of 2014–15 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines and Head-to-head Comparison between Human and Ferret Antisera derived Antigenic Maps

The poor performance of 2014-15 Northern Hemisphere (NH) influenza vaccines was attributed to mismatched H3N2 component with circulating epidemic strains. Using human serum samples collected from 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2014-15 NH influenza vaccine trials, we assessed their cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses against recent H3 epidemic isolates. All three populations (children, adults, and older adults) vaccinated with the 2014-15 NH egg- or cell-based vaccine, showed >50% reduction in HAI post-vaccination geometric mean titers against epidemic H3 isolates from those against egg-grown H3 vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012 (TX/12e). The 2014-15 NH vaccines, regardless of production type, failed to further extend HAI cross-reactivity against H3 epidemic strains from previous seasonal vaccines. Head-to-head comparison between ferret and human antisera derived antigenic maps revealed different antigenic patterns among representative egg- and cell-grown H3 viruses characterized. Molecular modeling indicated that the mutations of epidemic H3 strains were mainly located in antibody-binding sites A and B as compared with TX/12e. To improve vaccine strain selection, human serologic testing on vaccination-induced cross-reactivity need be emphasized along with virus antigenic characterization by ferret model.
Effect of Ions and Ionic Strength on Surface Plasmon Absorption of Single Gold Nanowires

The local temperature change from a single optically excited gold nanowire, lithographically prepared on Al0.94Ga0.06N embedded with Er3+ ions, is measured in air, pure water, and various concentrations of aqueous solutions of ionic solutes of NaCl, Na2SO4, and MgSO4. The absorption cross section of the nanowire under pure water (2.25 × 10–14 m2) and different solution ionic strength is measured from the slopes of temperature change versus laser intensity plots. Addition of charges into the solution decreases the amount of heat generated during optical excitation of the gold nanostructures because the absorption cross section of the gold nanowire is attenuated. A Langmuir-type behavior of the absorption cross section with ionic strength is observed that is identified with an increase in the occupancy of screened interfacial charges. The absorption cross section of the nanowire decreases with ionic strength until a saturation value of 9 × 10–15 m2, where saturation in the occupancy of screened interfacial ...
Guidance of an unmanned underwater vehicle using a passive acoustic threat detection system

Divers and swimmers pose a potential water-side threat to assets in ports and harbors. Developing effective technologies and systems to detect, localize, and classify these threats is critical to protecting those assets. Once a potential threat has been identified, it is necessary to intervene to either deter or further classify a threat. UUVs are a technology that can be employed in this role, but there are challenges associated with re-acquiring a submerged threat with a UUVs sensors. This paper describes an experiment that used an acoustic system that can detect and localize a source and simultaneously steer a UUV to intercept and re-acquire the source.
A Two-Pass Diagnosis Method for Accurately Locating Logic Faults in VLSI Circuits

In this paper, we present a two-pass approach for digital circuit fault diagnosis. By using the two-pass diagnosis method we can significantly improve the logic fault diagnostic resolution while keeping the test cost manageable. We performed fault diagnostic simulations on dozens of ISCAS89, ITC99, and other benchmark circuits and we are able to narrow down the list of likely faults to a single fault or multiple equivalent faults that are indistinguishable from each other.
Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Most patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) have inappropriately elevated LH re-lease and low or a low normal FSH secretion, namely, an elevated LH/FSH ratio (24,39,74, 138, 202, 203, 242, 302, 327, 332, 434, 443, 529, 530, 647, 711, 733, 742, 830, 934, 973, 998,1015,1028,1029). The mean normal mid- follicular LH/FSH ratio is 1.3 (1.0–1.6) (24, 39,332). The high circulating LH level is maintained by exaggerated pulsatile LH discharge, either in the form of enhanced amplitude or increased frequency (oscillations) (Fig. 6-1) (39, 742,973). The serum LH has no consistent pat-tern in magnitude or interval in PCOD (473). Daily LH excursions are frequently so great that they may resemble those of normal cycling women, or to the magnitude seen in a spontaneous mid-cycle LH surge (1015). It has been demonstrated that surges of LH in patients with polycystic ovaries may be preceded by a rapid increase of endogenous circulating E2 (1015).
Frequency of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive tumors among African American non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

7593 Background: ALK gene rearrangement is a recently identified molecular alteration in the tumors of a small proportion of NSCLC patients. Previous reports have shown that the rate of EGFR gene m...
Dramatic Response to Crizotinib in a Patient With Lung Cancer Positive for an HLA-DRB1-MET Gene Fusion

Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease in which tumor growth is commonly driven by alterations along the receptor tyrosine kinase–RAS-RAF–mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Consequently, activated kinases along this axis represent attractive therapeutic targets. Activation of kinases can occur via multiple mechanisms at the genetic level, including mutation, amplification, and rearrangement/fusion with other genes. The two best-characterized gene fusion classes in NSCLC are those that involve ALK and ROS1—accounting for approximately 5% and 2% of patients, respectively—and inhibition of these fusion proteins is now a standard of care.1,2 Gene fusions that involve RET, NTRK1/2/3, BRAF, FGFR1/2/3, EGFR, and NRG1 have also been identified in lung cancer samples—an approximately 2% frequency for RET, < 1% for others—and strategies to target these aberrations are in development.3-8 Crizotinib, the first US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug for patients with NSCLC who harbor ALK rearrangements and currently the only approved drug for patients with NSCLC who harbor ROS1 rearrangements was originally designed to be an inhibitor of the MET gene product hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) (c-Met).9 Activation of HGFR-mediated signaling—most commonly via MET amplification and/or MET mutations that result in exon 14 skipping—is well described in NSCLC, and crizotinib is currently being investigated in these settings.10-12 Recently, gene fusions that involve MET have been described in various cancers, including NSCLC, and a pediatric patient with glioblastoma who harbored a MET fusion was reported to have achieved a partial response to crizotinib.13-15 In this study, we report the first case of a MET fusion in lung cancer identified and treated during course of clinical care and the dramatic response of the patient’s tumor to crizotinib treatment.
Abstract 19521: Macrophages Infiltrating into the Heart Early After Pressure Overload Are Indispensable for the Transition to Chronic Heart Failure

The response to acute cardiac injury is characterized by tissue-resident (CCR2 – ) and infiltrating (CCR2 + ) macrophages that exhibit opposing reparative vis-a-vis pro-inflammatory functions. In contrast, pressure-overload (PO) heart failure (HF) is primarily considered a T-cell activated inflammatory state, and the importance of macrophages in PO cardiac remodeling is less clear. We recently demonstrated that acute pressure overload (PO) is accompanied by an early (within 1 w) increase in infiltrating cardiac CCR2 + macrophages, which are derived from circulating CCR2 + Ly6C hi monocytes. Given that macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that can activate effector T-cells, we tested the hypothesis that the early recruitment of CCR2 + macrophages to the heart after PO contributes to long-term T-cell activation and the late development of HF. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), male C57BL/6 mice were treated with an anti-CCR2 monoclonal antibody (MC21), or IgG isotype control, for 3 d during the first week of PO, and cardiac remodeling was assessed 4 w post-TAC. As compared to isotype control-treated TAC mice, MC21-treated TAC mice exhibited significantly (p
Route factors influencing trust and attitude toward TV shopping

ABSTRACTTelevision (TV) shopping has notably changed the way people shop today. Due to the high uncertainty and risk associated with TV shopping transactions, trust is crucial to facilitating the adoption of TV shopping. Drawing upon the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study examined the effect of route factors on trust and attitude toward TV shopping. While media richness, host interaction, and price fairness act as central cues, ease of payment acts as a peripheral cue. This study employed structural equation modeling, and the sample consisted of 460 TV home shoppers in Taiwan. The results indicated that trust and attitude develop through a dual route that includes a central route and peripheral route. Trust is an important mediator influencing the relationship between route factors and attitude. Moreover, user experience moderates the relationships in the model. Therefore, this study advanced the previous knowledge of the ELM in the context of TV shopping.
Effect of Catheter Gauge on the Success of Intravenous Catheter Placement by Veterinary Students.

The purposes of this study were to determine if senior veterinary students find it easier to place a smaller-bore catheter, and to relate patient variables with student success in catheter placemen...
Reactive compatibilization of poly(lactic acid)/polystyrene blends and its application to preparation of hierarchically porous poly(lactic acid)

Abstract In this work hierarchically porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with bimodal pore size distribution was derived from reactively compatibilized ternary immiscible polymer blends. We first demonstrated the generation of submicron pores from cocontinuous PLA/oxazoline functional polystyrene (PS-OX) blends. The oxazoline groups in PS-OX reacted with the carboxylic acid end groups of PLA and formed graft copolymer at the interface, which significantly reduced the domain size. Hierarchically structured “tri-continuous” morphology was further obtained in a ternary PLA/PS-OX/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blend. Porous PLA was made by selectively removing the PS-OX and LLDPE phases. Static annealing was used to control the pore size. The pores formed by PS-OX (∼0.5–2 μm) were one order of magnitude smaller than the pores formed by LLDPE (∼5–20 μm). The underlying thermodynamic mechanism for formation of hierarchical morphology in PLA/PS-OX/LLDPE blend was studied, and it was found that PLA/PS/PE ternary blends demonstrated complete wetting behavior with PS located at PLA/PE interface. Our results show that compatibilization with graft/block copolymer is a versatile way to achieve hierarchical microstructures in multiphase polymer blends.
The Importance of Comprehensive Cam Correction: Radiographic Parameters Are Predictive of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures at 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy.

Background:The specific influence of preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements on patient-reported outcome measures after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) remai...
Emotions in Identity Theory

In this chapter, we review theory and research on emotions in identity theory. We will see that emotions are intimately related to the identity verification process in identity theory. Identity verification makes one feel good and identity non-verification makes one feel bad. We review research that has studied the conditions under which this relationship occurs such as the frequency of verification, the source (close associates/strangers) of verification, and the status (high/low) of the recipient of the verification. We also discuss how identity theorists have attempted to expand sociological knowledge on emotions by studying, among other things, specific emotions such as moral emotions and showing how positive emotions can serve as a resource/buffer in interaction. The chapter ends with some suggestions for future research on emotions in this ever-developing theory.
Lymphocyte Mediators That Modulate the Behavior of Macrophages

T lymphocytes mediate a number of cellular-immune reactions including cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity of the tuberculin or contact types, resistance to infection by intracellular facultative microorganisms, host versus graft and graft versus host rejection phenomena, and tumor surveillance. These reactions result from complex cellular interactions between subpopulations of T lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and macrophages. The T cell may function directly as an effector cell or indirectly by orchestrating interactions between lymphocytes and macrophages. As a result of these activation signals, the macrophage may then develop into a more efficient phagocytic “killer cell” or in turn transmit signals that modulate T-cell functions in either a positive or a negative way.
Control-Strategy-Based Reconfiguration to Mitigate Short Circuit Faults in NPC Inverters

The main focus of this paper is to propose a reconfiguration method to mitigate short circuit faults in neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel inverters. Existing reconfiguration methods use either a redundant strategy or need additional devices pre-installed in the circuit which will increase the bulk and complexity of the system. Different from these methods, control-strategy-based reconfiguration is the most robust one since it does not require any change in the circuit configuration. However, most existing control-strategy-based methods distort the phase-to-neutral voltage which results in a degradation of power quality. To maintain control-strategy-based reconfiguration and avoid phase voltage distortion, a new and practical reconfiguration method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is applicable to any NPC multilevel inverter. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate a five-level NPC inverter with non-idealities to verify the proposed reconfiguration method. A single-phase five-level NPC has been built in hardware, tested in healthy condition, and the proposed method has been validated in a low voltage condition.
Response to ustekinumab in three pediatric patients with alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is relatively common and can have a significant impact on quality of life, especially in a pediatric population. Currently available treatments are often ineffective or have poor safety profiles. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the Th1 pathway in the pathogenesis of AA, suggesting ustekinumab as a treatment modality for this disease. We present three pediatric AA patients who demonstrated hair regrowth after initiating ustekinumab.
A Time-to-Frequency Converter for Measuring Picosecond Optical Pulses

There are several techniques for directly measuring the shape of short optical pulses, such as detection with photodiodes and streak cameras. Current state of the ait is 1-2 ps time resolution. We report a new technique to measure the pulse width of a 1.064 µm Nd:YAG mode-locked pulse-train with 3 ps resolution. This technique is best described as time-to-frequency conversion: pulse amplitude is uniquely mapped from die time domain to frequency domain such that the pulse shape can be directly measured with a spectrometer. This work further demonstrates the elegant analogy between diffraction and dispersion1, and the power of the time-lens description of pulse manipulation2 where spatial variables are exchanged with time variables and spatial frequencies with temporal frequencies.
Seeding native species increases resistance to annual grass invasion following prescribed burning of semiarid woodlands

Exotic grass invasions are often facilitated by disturbances, which provide opportunities for invasion by releasing pulses of resources available to invaders. Where disturbances such as prescribed fire are used as a management tool, there is a pressing need to identify ecosystem attributes associated with susceptibility to disturbance-induced invasion. In the Great Basin of the western United States, expansion of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum is transforming native ecosystems. In this study we examined long-term understory plant community responses to experimental prescribed fire and post-fire seeding treatments in Great Basin pinyon-juniper woodlands. We asked (1) how long-term ecosystem resistance to fire-induced B. tectorum invasion varies along major abiotic and biotic gradients, and (2) whether post-fire seeding of perennial species promotes perennial plant establishment and increases resistance to invasion. Fourteen years after burning, we found that resistance to invasion was high on relatively cool and moist sites (higher elevation), but that the warmer and drier (low- to mid-elevation) burned sites had become heavily invaded by B. tectorum. Post-fire B. tectorum dominance was highest in sites with high pre-fire tree cover, where residual and newly established native perennial plant cover was limited following fire. We found that seeding perennial species after burning decreased invasibility in sites with low resistance. Seeding a mix of native perennial shrubs, forbs, and grasses was more effective at increasing perennial cover and inhibiting B. tectorum invasion than seeding a mix of non-native perennial grasses. Our results highlight the need for long-term studies to evaluate plant community responses to prescribed fire, as important treatment differences were not captured in a shorter (3–4 year) post-fire monitoring period.