cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling a policy-capable path-vector routing protocol using Jacobi iteration over a path algebra

Abstract Several computer network design and analysis activities either require or benefit from having knowledge of the sets of paths possible between the network’s nodes. Often these activities utilize path sets containing those network paths of shortest length due to the availability of shortest path algorithms. However, in large operational IP networks (including the whole public Internet), user data may be forwarded along network paths which are not of shortest length due to the effects of inter-domain routing policies. To determine these policy-influenced network paths, two path algebras are developed which model a baseline and enhanced policy-capable path-vector routing protocol respectively. The enhanced model extends the capability of the baseline by including support for local preferencing and selective export filtering of network paths to support common Internet routing policies. Although both new path algebras can be considered “weak” in that they lack a few specific algebraic properties (such as being right distributive over multiplication), it is shown that both models can use Jacobi iteration to converge to sets of paths that form a (routing) in-tree. These sets of network paths are equivalent to that output by a path-vector routing protocol operating over a user-supplied topology. For large network topologies, the baseline routing protocol model is shown to require an order of magnitude less run-time and memory to calculate the same path sets as the de facto approach of discrete-event network simulation.
Rooming-in: an update

Abstract Rooming-in technique is a well-established and physiological procedure that is essential in the first hours from birth both for newborn and mother. However, there are several limitations especially for critical area that do not allow this procedure more effective. This holds for infrastructure limitations, medical and parents issues. In the present mini-review an overview of the state of art and further perspectives on rooming-in in NICU is offered as well as its empowerment in NICU/PICU post-surgical areas.
A comparison of spectral reflectance properties at the needle, branch, and canopy level for selected Conifer species

Radiative transfer data were collected for three conifer species and a northern hardwood species. The data indicate that conifer forests are more absorptive than broadleaved, deciduous hardwood forests. In particular, spruce species have an enhanced capability of absorbing incoming solar radiation in the optical wavelength region.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis

CF is a genetic, life-shortening, multisystem disease that is most commonly diagnosed through newborn screen performed in all 50 states in the United States. In the past, therapies for CF lung disease have primarily targeted the downstream effects of a dysfunctional CFTR protein. Newer CFTR modulator therapies, targeting the basic defect in CF, are available for a limited group of people with CF, and offer the hope of improved treatment options for many more people with CF in the near future. Best practice is directed by consensus clinical care guidelines from the CFF and is provided with a multidisciplinary approach by the team at the CF care center and the primary care office.
Genetics and immunogenetic aspects of primary pulmonary hypertension

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), also referred to as unexplained or idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, is the clinical term used to describe a condition in patients for which we can find no underlying cause. Patients with PPH not uncommonly also have evidence of immune dysregulation: autoimmune disorders, drug therapy, or HIV infections. We will review these associations and possible relevant abnormalities in immune regulation with regard to how they may play a role in the pathogenesis of PPH. Autoantibody-HLA correlations have been observed in several subsets of PPH patients. In addition, a familial form of PPH has been described and characterized with linkage to chromosome 2q31-q32. The identification of a specific gene for PPH and the subsequent understanding of its effects will help us identify the basic cause of PPH. Furthering our understanding regarding the role(s) and significance of immunogenetic as well as genetic aspects of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PPH should also lead to improved therapeutic modalities for PPH.
Expression of Cathepsin P mRNA, Protein and Activity in the Rat Choriocarcinoma Cell Line, Rcho-1, During Giant Cell Transformation

Lysosomal proteases perform critical functions in protein turnover and are essential for normal growth and development. Cathepsin P is a member of a newly discovered family of lysosomal cysteine proteases uniquely expressed in rodent placenta (PECs), and is closely related to human cathepsin L. Using the rat choriocarcinoma cell line model, Rcho-1, mRNA for the PECs cathepsins P, M, Q, R, 1, 2 was found to increase in expression during differentiation into a trophoblast giant cell phenotype. By contrast, expression of cathepsin L was not regulated. A specific enzyme assay was developed to show that activity of cathepsin P mirrored mRNA expression during differentiation. Cathepsin P protein co-localizes with cathepsin B, indicating that the enzyme probably functions in the endosomal-lysosomal compartment. This study demonstrates that the PEC genes produce functional proteases that can perform specific placental roles that are probably performed by broader specificity proteases in human placenta.
Sympathetic cooling of 9 Be + and 24 Mg + for quantum logic

We demonstrate the cooling of a two species ion crystal consisting of one ${}^{9}{\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ and one ${}^{24}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$ ion. Since the respective cooling transitions of these two species are separated by more than 30 nm, laser manipulation of one ion has negligible effect on the other even when the ions are not individually addressed. As such this is a useful system for reinitializing the motional state in an ion trap quantum computer without affecting the qubit information. Additionally, we have found that the mass difference between ions enables a method for detecting and subsequently eliminating the effects of radio frequency micromotion.
Cardiovascular risk factor change-1973–1974 to 1980–1982: the minnesota heart survey

Abstract Reductions in population risk factor levels, including blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and cigarette smoking may be associated with the observed decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates. However, few recent population-based comparisons of risk trends are available. To evaluate changes in these risk characteristics in the recent period, data were compared from two surveys performed in the same metropolitan area using similar methods. The Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) Prevalence Study surveyed a population sample of 4185 adults aged 25 59 in 1973–1974. The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) surveyed a population sample of 2914 adults of the same age in the same metropolitan area in 1980–1982. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the 1980–1982 survey averaging 1.5/3.8 mmHg for men and 1.6/2.8 mmHg for women. The use of anti-hypertensive medications increased significantly over the period while the prevalence of hypertension was similar. Significant declines in mean serum cholesterol were also observed in 1980–1982, averaging 3.3 mg, dl for men and 5.5 mg /dl women. The prevalence of regular cigarette smoking in men was also lower in 1980–1982. 36.3 vs 42.1 in 1973–1974. Women had a lower prevalence of smoking (38.8–35.6%) but the average woman smoker increased consumption of cigarettes while the average man did not. These observations suggest that population risk defined by these characteristics is declining which may explain part of recent Minnesota trends in CVD mortality and could have a favorable effect on future disease patterns.
The Major Field Test in Business: A Solution to the Problem of Assurance of Learning Assessment?

Colleges and universities are being asked by numerous sources to provide assurance of learning assessments of their students and programs. Colleges of business have responded by using a plethora of assessment tools, including the Major Field Test in Business. In this article, the authors show that the use of the Major Field Test in Business for assurance of learning purposes is ill advised. First, it provides no direct evidence of student learning. Second, it offers no useful comparative analyses to other business students or institutions. Consequently, it provides no guidance for curriculum or program changes to achieve better learning outcomes. Thus, use of the Major Field Test in Business offers only a pretend solution to the problem of assurance of learning assessment.
Isosteres of natural phosphates. 10. synthesis of analogues related to glycerol 3-phosphate

Abstract We have synthesized a pair of diastereoisomers of 1,3,4-trihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonic acid. Both bear the same absolute configuration as sn -glycerol 3-phosphate at the 3-position, but differ in configuration at the site adjacent to phosphorus. These have been synthesized by the regiospecific and stereospecific reaction of a chiral hydroborating agent with a β-substituted vinylphosphonate.
The Role of Culture on Knowledge Transfer: The Case of the Multinational Corporation.

Purpose – This paper aims to look at the issue of culture's role in knowledge transfer within multinational corporations (MNCs). Studies of MNCs have hinted at the importance of culture to the performance of subsidiaries. Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity, it is argued that the location of subsidiaries along each of these cultural dimensions will significantly impact the possibility of knowledge transfer occurring between subsidiaries.Design/methodology/approach – The objectives were achieved by providing additional insights into the complex nature of knowledge transfer efforts in MNCs. To do so, a discussion of the challenges associated with the dimensions of culture is presented. These challenges are further complicated by the degree to which the home office is involved in the strategic decision‐making process surrounding inter‐subsidiary knowledge transfers.Findings – The paper suggests that managers sho...
Apple Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Relation to Various Phenolic Compounds

SUMMARY— The role of various polyphenolic compounds in oxidations catalyzed by apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was investigated. Quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, cyanidin chloride, phloroglucinol, and resorcinol were neither substrates nor inhibitors of apple PPO. Phloroglucinol and resorcinol increased the rate of PPO catalyzed oxidation of chlorogenic acid. Esculetin and dihydroquercetin were found to be substrates of PPO. No synergistic effect was detected in the browning rates of an esculetinchlorogenic acid mixture or a dihydroquercetin-chlorogenic acid mixture. Ferulic acid, fisetin, and p-coumaric acid were generally non-competitive inhibitors, although ferulic acid inhibited competitively in one test. It was hypothesized that the conjugated system in flavones prevents these compounds from being apple PPO substrates.
A single institution experience of seven hundred consecutively placed peripherally inserted central venous catheters

IntroductionPeripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are being increasingly placed at the bedside by trained vascular access professional such as nurses. This is to increase the availability of the service, for cost containment, and to reduce the workload on the interventional radiologist. We describe a single institution experience with over 700 PICC lines placed by trained nurses at the bedside and determine the success rate, malposition rate of the PICC line, degree of support needed from the Interventional radiologist, and factors affecting a successful placement of a PICC line by the nurses.MethodsSeven hundred and five PICC lines were placed at the South Nassau Communities hospital between July 2011 and November 2012 by trained vascular access nurses with interventional radiology backup. Bedside ultrasound was used for venous access, an electromagnetic catheter tip detection device was used to navigate the catheter into the desired central vein and catheter tip position was confirmed u...
The formation of surface-active organic complexes of copper in coastal marine waters

Abstract The importance of surface-active organic matter on the speciation of copper in coastal seawater was examined over a 22 month period in Massachusetts Bay. Concentrations of copper associated with dissolved surface-active organic matter ranged from 15 pmol kg during winter (0.67% of total dissolved copper) to 850 pmol kg (18% of total dissolved copper) at the peak of primary production during a spring bloom and, following a spring bloom, accounted for 36% of the total dissolved copper concentration. Association of copper with surface-active organic matter may have occurred by direct complexation with surface-active organic ligands or indirectly via organic-organic interactions with non-surface-active organic complexes of copper. Although total dissolved copper at the site was inversely related to salinity, indicative of freshwater/continental sources, the amount of copper bound to surface-active organic matter was significantly correlated with estimated rates of phytoplankton primary production ( r 2 = 0.78). The primary source of surface-active organically bound copper in Massachusetts Bay is apparently in-situ biological production and not export of anthropogenic/freshwater ligands from continental sources. Although they represent a small but significant fraction of the total copper species present in coastal seawater, surface-active forms of copper assume added importance due to their active role in the transport and biogeochemical cycling of this element.
Membrane Filter Technique for Testing the Bactericidal Activity of Iodophors

A method has been devised for determining the contact killing time of a water-soluble antiseptic or disinfectant agent using a membrane filter as the test organism carrier. The method is useful in comparing the bactericidal activity of different concentrations of an agent since the number of organisms killed following a specific contact time can readily be determined on a percentage basis compared to that of a control. The problems of bacterial clumping, “wild plusses,” and carry-over bacteriostasis are eliminated. A suspension of the test organism was filtered through a membrane filter, a solution of the agent was added, was allowed to remain in contact with the test organism for a specific time, and was filtered. The treated membrane was washed with a neutralize, was rinsed, and was incubated on nutrient agar. The number of surviving organisms, if any, was determined by colony count. Solutions of povidone-iodine as well as commercial products containing it were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, FDA 209, ATCC 6538. Solutions containing a 1:15,000 concentration of available iodine gave a kill of 99.91 percent following a 1-min. contact.
Process variable effects on sheet metal quality

A system for major classification of sheet metal forming process variables is established. Subsequently five major sheet forming process variables — blank size, blank location, binder force, material thickness and lubrication — were selected for investigation. The effects of these variables on panel quality were quantified by determining panel strain state and buckle severity.
Some serological studies of the genera Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium and Xanthomonas.

Antisera were prepared against members of three genera of bacteria:Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium andXanthomonas. Results of cross agglutination studies indicate the organisms form three groups which follow generic lines. With the corynebacteria, low cross reactivity, and with the xanthomonads, high titre and low cross reactivity facilitate differentiating the species examined. Three of flavobacteria appear to have quite similar antigenic components so that serologic diagnosis is not realized.
Effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on freshwater mollusks in the upper Clinch River, Virginia, USA

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine mollusk distributions in proximity to waste-water treatment plants (WTP's) in the upper Clinch River and to test the tolerance of two mollusk species to monochloramine and unionized ammonia, the major toxicants in domestic effluent. River reaches up to 3.7 km downstream of WTP's were devoid of freshwater mussels (Unionidae), and tolerance to effluents varied among snails, sphaeriid clams, and the asian clam Corbicula fluminea. Residential communities with septic systems had no measurable impact on mollusk assemblages downstream. Laboratory bioassays with glochidia of Villosa iris yielded the following results: 24 h EC50 and LC50 values of 0.042 mg l−1 and 0.084 mg l−1 monochloramine, respectively; and 24 h EC50 and LC50 of 0.237 mg l−1 and 0.284 mg l−1 unionized ammonia, respectively. Glochidia rank among the most sensitive invertebrates in their tolerance to these toxicants. The snail Pleurocera unciale unciale was moderately sensitive, with 96 h LC50 values of 0.252 mg l−1 monochloramine and 0.742 mg l−1 unionized ammonia. Monitoring of monochloramine and unionized ammonia concentrations 0.1 km below WTP outfalls indicated that monochloramine was the toxicant likely inhibiting mollusk recovery below these plants.
Effect of lime and phosphorus on zinc uptake from four soils of Brazil

Abstract Four soils from southern Brazil were treated with four levels each of lime and P and cropped with corn (Zea mays L.) in the greenhouse. Zinc deficiencies occurred at soil pH values of 6.3 or greater and independently of the rate of P application. Application of P alone did not induce Zn deficiency.
A Biological Alternative to Moral Explanations

Some moral realists claim that moral facts are a species of natural fact, amenable to scientific investigation. They argue that these moral facts are needed in the best explanations of certain phenomena and that this is evidence that they are real. In this paper I present part of a biological account of the function of morality. The account allows the identification of a plausible natural kind that could play the explanatory role that a moral kind would play in naturalist realist theories. It is therefore a candidate for being the moral kind. I argue, however, that it will underdetermine the morally good, that is, identifying the kind is not sufficient to identify what is good. Hence this is not a natural moral kind. Its explanatory usefulness, however, means that we do not have to postulate any further (moral) facts to provide moral explanations. Hence there is no reason to believe that there are any natural moral kinds.
Relativistic Self-Consistent-Field Theory for Closed-Shell Atoms

The relativistic Hartree-Fock-Roothaan equation for closed-shell configurations of atoms is derived. The relativistic Hamiltonian consists of the sum of the Dirac Hamiltonians and the interelectronic Coulomb repulsion terms. The atomic wave function is assumed to be an antisymmetrized product of 4-component orbitals whose radial functions are expanded in terms of the Slater-type basis functions. The Breit interaction operator is used as the relativistic interelectronic interaction term, and is treated as the first-order perturbation. Expressions for the matrix elements of the Breit interaction operator are given for the closed-shell configurations. Numerical results for the ground states of He, Be, and Ne atoms computed according to this formalism are also presented.
Basic LOgical Bulk Shapes (BLOBs) for Finite Element Hexahedral Mesh Generation to Support Virtual Prototyping

Manufacturability analysis of product design reduces the downstream problems of manufacturing. Such design approaches are referred to as Virtual Prototyping when performed on the computer. In the present research, Virtual Prototyping is facilitated by the use of an automated method of determining the finite element meshes needed to perform finite element analyses. Finite element analysis requires a finite element mesh of the product model as input. This mesh (an approximation of an object's geometry and topology, composed in terms of a given individual unit, e.g., a tetrahedron, or a hexahedron ), can be generated using a variety of methods. The research presented here offers an approach for automatic mesh generation that addresses some of the limitations in the mesh-generation technologies currently available. This article presents an approach for automatically generating hexahedral meshes from solid models. The mesh generating method presented in this paper involves four major steps. First, objects called Basic LOgical Bulk shapes (BLOBs) are determined from the solid model of a given part. Second, these BLOBs are used to decompose the solid model into its various sub-volumes, Third, a multiple-block structure (MBS). ). which is a group of hexahedral objects, is constructed to approximate the solid model. Finally, transfinite mapping is employed to project the faces of the MBS onto the surfaces of a model to generate the finite element meshes.
SU-E-T-410: Spine Radiosurgery Imaging Guidance Using ExacTrac and CT on rails.

Purpose To evaluate the patient setup accuracy and effectiveness using ExacTrac and CT_on_rails systems. Methods We used Brainlab's Exactrac system and Varian/GE's CT_on_rails for spine radiosurgery patient setup. Once the patient was setup using the ExacTrac and couch position was recorded, fiducially markers were placed on stable surfaces based on the room laser to indicate the linac iso for the CT images. CT images were acquired using the on-rail CT with the couch rotated 180 degrees. The couch was returned to 0 degree position, and verification X-ray images were taken and corrections were made by ExacTrac. The treatment CT images were registered with the planning CT using the in-house CAT software and it displays the correct couch position based on CT which can be compared with ExacTrac setup. The corrected couch positions from CT registration are compared to those from ExacTrac. The translational discrepancies needed to be within 2 mm for confirmation. If a discrepancy was greater than 2 mm, investigation or re-setup was required. The rotation deviations were also evaluated by ExacTrac and confirmed by the treatment CT images. We would also re-setup patient if Exactrac detected more than 3 degree rotation, or treatment CT images showed significant target rotation compared to planning CT. The use of the CTonrails took little extra time, but make the overall evaluation process easier, faster and with more confidence. Results for 171 treatment sessions using this approach, the mean discrepancies between CTonrails and ExacTrac setup is: x=0.0±1.0 mm, y=-0. 1±0.9 mm, z=0.2±0.9 mm; for rotations, about 3% of the cases required re-setup patient due to significant rotation displayed by the treatment CT on the CAT system. Conclusions The combined use of ExacTrac and CT_on_Rails systems can improve the overall setup accuracy and increase the confidence in setup for spine radiosurgery treatments.
Homeostatic Regulation of Base Excision Repair by a p53-Induced Phosphatase: Linking Stress Response Pathways with DNA Repair Proteins

The p53 protein plays a central role in the integration of cellular stress responses. If the cell incurs DNA damage, p53-induced cell cycle arrest is accompanied by p53-facilitated DNA repair. In particular, p53 has been demonstrated to promote both nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER). Once these repair processes are completed, p53 activity declines and the cell can reenter the cell cycle. A critical mediator of this p53 negative regulatory feedback loop is Mdm2, a p53 transcriptional target whose protein mediates p53 proteolytic degradation. Another such p53 transcriptional target that may function in a p53 negative regulation is the PPM1D phosphatase. PPM1D may inhibit p53 activity through inactivating dephosphorylation of the p38 MAP kinase. We have recently shown that PPM1D suppresses BER in part through dephosphorylation of a key BER effector, the nuclear isoform of uracil DNA glycosylase, or UNG2. This finding further links p53 signaling to DNA repair pathways and illustrates a mechanism by which activated DNA repair systems are returned to a deactivated, homeostatic state.
Comparison of the Effects of Regional Ischemia and Hyperkalemia on the Membrane Action Potentials of the In Situ Pig Heart

APD During Ischemia. Introduction: This study was designed to determine the role of increased extracellular potassium [K+]e on action potential duration (APD) in the in situ porcine heart during acute regional no-flow ischemia. Methods and Results: In open chest, anesthetized swine, an arterial shunt from the carotid artery to the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was created through which a solution of KCl was infused to raise [K+]e, Myocardial [K+]e, was determined by potassium-sensitive electrodes, and transmembrane action potential was recorded by floating glass microelectrode. During the first 2 minutes of ischemia, APD at 90% repolarization (APD90) lengthened by 31.2 ± 1.1 msec (P < 0.05). The comparable increase in [K+]e alone shortened APD90, During the next 6 minutes of ischemia. [K+]e, rose to 11.3 ± 0.3 mM and APD90, showed a decrease. However, the comparable increase in |K+]e, by infusion of KCl caused further shortening of APD90, at similar levels of [K+]e. Conclusions: Acutely ischemic myocardium showed a brief increase in APD90, during the first 2 minutes of ischemia, followed by a fall in APD90, after 2 minutes of ischemia, but the shortening is less than anticipated by the rise in [K+]e. Thus, we hypothesize that other component(s) of ischemia may inhibit action potential repolarization.
Surgical care of young women diagnosed with ovarian cancer: A population-based perspective

Abstract Objective To characterize primary surgical care for women with ovarian cancer aged ≤50 years versus > 50 years. Methods A statewide hospital discharge database was used to identify women undergoing primary surgery for ovarian cancer from 1990 to 2000. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate differences in demographic characteristics and short-term outcomes comparing women ≤50 years versus >50 years. Results Women ≤50 years comprised 30.2% ( n =731) of 2417 identified cases. The 30-day mortality rate was 54% lower among women ≤50 years (1.2% vs. 2.6%, P =0.0100). Women ≤50 years were less likely to be managed by high-volume surgeons versus women >50 years (47.1% vs. 59.5%, P P P =0.0020), more billed procedures (4.2 vs. 5.5, P P P P =0.0968). A similar trend in outcomes was observed in younger women treated at high-versus low-volume hospitals as high-versus low-volume surgeons. Conclusion Primary surgical care for ovarian cancer in women ≤50 years is often performed by low-volume providers at low-volume centers. In light of positive volume-outcome data for malignancies treated with complex operative procedures, further efforts to characterize the surgical care of young women with ovarian cancer are warranted.
Characterization with crossed immunoelectrophoresis of some antigens differentiating a virulent Candida albicans from its derived, avirulent strain.

Antigenic differences between a wild-type virulent Candida albicans 49 18 (wt) and its spontaneous avirulent mutant (m-10) were found with crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Yeast cell extracts as well as soluble protein and mannoprotein fractions obtained by affinity chroma- tography on concanavalin A (Con A) were analyzed. Sera from patients with candidiasis and antisera from rabbits infected with live wt cells and boosted with wt extracts or rabbits immunized with purified wt cell wall preparation were used as counter reactants. Qualitative differences in serum precipitins formed by patients with suspected or culture-proven candidiasis to polysaccharide antigens of wt and m-I0 origin were observed. In comparison, except for a spike-formed precipitate detected only with the wt extract, the serum from infected rabbits precipitated the wt and m-I0 cell wall polysaccharide antigens about equally. The same type of precipitate was also found with the Con A wt mannoprotein fractions but was again lacking with the rn-10 mannoproteins. This precipitate, with extremely slow electromobility in the first dimension, may be related to some special immunodeterminant of the wt mannan molecule. No substantial differences in the pre- cipitation patterns of the Con A wt and m-I0 proteins were found when analyzed with patients' sera or rabbit anti-cell sera. However, using these protein fractions with anti-cell wall sera revealed a larger number of precipitates for the wt as opposed to the m-I0 strain. The observed antigenic differences between the virulent- and the avirulent-derived strains seem to be mainly associated with cell wall determinants (components) and might be related to the greater adherence and infectivity of the wild strain. 0 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Home range and territory in the striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus)

Abstract Observations of home range sizes, home range locations, and behavioural interactions were used to determine the spatial distribution of a population of striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus). A comparison of home ranges and nearest-neighbour distances indicates that females have clearly defined territories. In contrast, the home ranges of males overlap extensively. Although males have similar nearest-neighbour distances to those of females, their home range sizes are larger. Much of the overlap among males appears to be associated with the courtship of females, suggesting that males have exchanged defence of exclusive territories for an increased home range area and a larger number of potential mates. Aggressive interactions among males were considerably more conspicuous than those among females, and the clear territorial pattern of females as opposed to males was unexpected on the basis of the frequency of behavioural interactions alone.
Lessons learned from building and deploying a code review analytics platform

Tool-based code review is growing in popularity and has become a standard part of the development process at Mi-crosoft. Adoption of these tools makes it possible to mine data from code reviews and provide access to it. In this paper, we pre-sent an experience report for CodeFlow Analytics, a system that collects code review data, generates metrics from this data, and provides a number of ways for development teams to access the metrics and data. We discuss the design, design decisions and chal-lenges that we encountered when building CodeFlow Analytics. We contacted teams that used CodeFlow Analytics over the past two years and discuss what prompted them to use CodeFlow Ana-lytics, how they have used it, and what the impact has been. Fur-ther, we survey research that has been enabled by using the Code-Flow Analytics platform. We provide a series of lessons learned from this experience to help others embarking on a task of building an analytics platform in an enterprise setting.
FFR-Guided Percutaneous Intervention in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Real Game Changer

Introduction: The use of physiologically guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been demonstrated to be superior to traditional angiographically guided intervention for both clinical outcomes and economic impact based on the data of the FAME study (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) [1]. The 1-year outcome of using fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide coronary intervention in multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) patients demonstrated reduced end points of myocardial infarction (MI) both early and late as well as the combined end point of death/ MI. Further examination of the FAME data set over 2 years continues to demonstrate significant clinical impact for the routine measurement of FFR in this setting [2]. Fearon et al. now report the economic impact of routine measurement of FFR in patients undergoing multivessel PCI. These findings have important implications for the future practice of coronary intervention. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of routine measurement of FFR in patients undergoing multivessel PCI.
The extraction of gold nanoparticles from oat and wheat biomasses using sodium citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy

Gold (Au) nanoparticles can be produced through the interaction of Au(III) ions with oat and wheat biomasses. This paper describes a procedure to recover gold nanoparticles from oat and wheat biomasses using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium citrate. Extracts were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The HRTEM data demonstrated that smaller nanoparticles are extracted first, followed by larger nanoparticles. In the fourth extraction, coating of chelating agents is visible on the extracted nanoparticles.
Theory of the transverse gradient wiggler

We develop analytical models for the operation of gain-expanded transverse gradient wigglers in the low, medium, and high optical intensity regimes. The first two are Raman regimes in which the optical wave and transverse betatron oscillations grow simultaneously. They differ from one another only in the nature of the saturation mechanism. The third or high intensity regime is a trapped particle regime physically very similar to the regime of high extraction variable parameter wigglers.
Ultra-fast on-chip load-current adaptive linear regulator for switch mode power supply load transient enhancement

A fully on-chip linear regulator is presented in this paper to enhance the load transient response in a switch mode power supply (SMPS). Different from the conventional linear regulator, it employs a push-pull output structure, allowing both step-up and step-down transient current compensation. A multi-level self-biased controller is designed to adaptively compensate the instantaneous current difference between the SMPS and the load, achieving ultra-fast and smooth load transient response. An IC prototype is designed and fabricated with a standard 0.35μm digital CMOS process. 40.3ns load transient response time is achieved for a 100-mA load step change. In addition, it is also capable of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), with a measured tracking speed of about 1 V/μs.
Decision making in assistive environments using multimodal observations

An assistive environment is a smart domestic space based on pervasive computing to support the elderly and disabled. Unlike sensors, which can only provide passive monitoring, a robot can be an active element to improve the quality of life for the human. In this paper, we propose an active service of the robot in assistive environments, to help human in the case of emergency situation. It works on a hierarchical partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). The multimodal observation series are used in the decision and evaluation process.An active robot is a kind of robot that can provide a preferable and necessary active service to the human. This is used in our emergency response system (ERS) to deal with the emergency situations, such as an older adult falls down or emergency diseases. The purpose of multimodal observations is to guarantee the precision of report for the emergency situations. Four observation sources are introduced in this paper: the vision recognition, the voice recognition, the physical input devices and the foreign systems. For each observation source, there are two observation series. Multiple information sources give the agent more opportunities to learn from the real world, so as to make more reasonable predictions, evaluations and decisions.
Growth rates of Pacific manganese nodules as deduced by uranium-series and hydration-rind dating techniques

Growth rates of four Pacific ferromanganese deposits have been determined by uranium-series and hydration-rind dating techniques. This represents the first time these two methods have been applied to the same samples. Of the four samples analyzed, two agree in both techniques and two show a wide disparity. The samples that do not agree have uranium-series rates which are low compared to those deduced by the hydration-rind techniques. The same samples also display steep232Th activity gradients in the outer layers of the ferromanganese material. Since the half-life of232Th is extremely long (1010 yr), these gradients could not be due to radioactive decay. This suggests that the distribution of230Th, at least in these cases, may also be a result of some process other than radioactive decay. One of our samples which has a steep232Th gradient produces a230Th “exposure age” which is indistinguishable to the calculated hydration age within the analytical uncertainty. The rate of growth calculated on the basis of the slope of the decline of230Th within the deposit, however, is low by over one order of magnitude when compared to the rate determined by the hydration-rind method. Although previous results indicate that the distribution of232Th is usually quite random within ferromanganese deposits, our results indicate that caution should be exercised when assessing their growth rates on the basis of uranium-series results.
Trachea--innominate artery fistula following tracheostomy. Successful repair using an innominate vein graft.

Abstract This report discusses the first recorded patient in whom a trachea–innominate artery fistula after tracheostomy was treated successfully by resection of the eroded segment of artery followed by graft replacement using the patient's left innominate vein. The mechanism of vessel erosion and its prevention are discussed. Also, suitable methods are presented for obtaining temporary control of the severe hemorrhage associated with a tracheoarterial fistula while simultaneously maintaining an adequate airway.
Hot Towers and Hurricanes: Early Observations, Theories, and Models

This paper describes the exciting period of discovery in the 1950s and 1960s in tropical meteorology, and the important role played by Joanne Malkus (Simpson) in her studies of cumulus convection and tropical cyclones. A key concept developed by Joanne, with Herbert Riehl, was that of the “hot tower.” Hot towers were deep tropical cumulonimbus clouds whose cores were undiluted by entrainment and thus carried heat and water vapor from the boundary layer to high in the troposphere. Joanne’s observational work led to a major effort by a number of theoreticians and modelers in the 1960s and 1970s to incorporate the effects of the relatively small-scale but energetically important cumulus clouds in numerical models of tropical cyclones.
Properties of polyether‐polyurethane zwitterionomers

Polyether polyurethanes based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), and polytetraniethylene oxide (PTMO) were synthesized with varying levels of hard segment content. The tertiary amine of MDEA was sulfonated with γ-propane sultone thereby converting the polyether polyurethane to a polymeric zwitterion. The effect of the chemical composition and the degree of ammonium sulfonation on the extent of phase segregation, and physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. It was found that the MDEA chain extender inhibits microphase separation of the polymer in the solid state. As the degree of ammonium sulfonation increases in the zwitterionomers, an improvement of phase separation and domain structure was observed. In addition the tensile properties change dramatically with increasing sulfonate content going from properties characteristic of soft, weak gum rubbers to those of hard, strong thermoplastic elastomers.
Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation

The capabilities of central office (CO) telephone switches in four southeastern states (Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee) provide detail on spatial variation in telecommunications technologies. A proposed six-level hierarchy of switch capability was used. Switches with digital capability are concentrated disproportionately in metropolitan areas, largely in response to larger numbers of business establishments. The overall picture in the Southeast is one of tremendous variation—variation across states and variation within the four states being studied. Rural (nonmetro) counties generally, but not always, have both fewer switches overall and fewer switches with digital capability. North Carolina and Tennessee, the two most urban of the four states, also have seen the greatest entry by new telecommunications competitors. These two states have the largest percentages of advanced (digital) switches in both metro and rural counties. At the county level, the number of switches is primarily a function of a county's population but, even more significantly in three states, of the number of business establishments in the county. On the whole, it is residents of metropolitan—not rural—areas who are most likely to be served by newer forms of digital telecommunications.
Average-Case Analysis of the Double Description Method and the Beneath-Beyond Algorithm

This paper deals with the average computational effort for calculating all vertices of a polyhedron described by m inequalities in an n-dimensional space, when we apply the so-called "Double Description Method" (from a dual point of view, i.e. for finding all facets of the convex hull of m given points, this is equivalent to application of the "Beneath-Beyond Algorithm"). Both are incremental algorithms, i.e. they develop the information about the polyhedron stepwise by taking the inequalities/points successively into regard. The average-case analysis is done with respect to the Rotation-Symmetry Model, which is well known from the corresponding analysis of the Simplex Method for linear programming. In this model degenerate problems occur with probability 0. So the (finite) effort to solve those problems has no impact on the expected effort in our model. All the derived results and complexities apply equivalently to both algorithms and to the corresponding primal and dual problems.
Infections in the Elderly

Elderly patients appear to be predisposed to serious infections because of coexisting chronic or acute diseases that disrupt integumental barriers, impair clearance mechanisms, or compromise cellular responses to infection. The severely disabled elderly are particularly at high risk, because they are often unable to care for their personal hygiene and are malnourished, immobile, incontinent, or institutionalized. Senescence of the immune system per se does not appear to be a major predisposing factor for infection in this population. Infections in the elderly frequently present with non-specific signs and symptoms. Clues of focal infection are often absent or obscured by underlying chronic conditions. Once a site of infection is identified, clinicians should initiate therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat the array of most likely potential pathogens. Strategies to prevent infection include programs to help the elderly maintain active, non-institutionalized life-styles and the appropriate use of available vaccines.
Ruthenium Carbene Complexes Featuring a Tridentate Pincer-type Ligand

Ruthenium carbene complexes featuring the bulky tridentate N,N‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido pincer-type ligand and different stabilizing phosphine ligands were synthesized and characterized. Preliminary results for the application to ring-closing metathesis show low activity for the cyclization of 1,7-octadiene with benzylidene(triphenylphosphine)[N,N‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido-κ3O,N,O/O,N,N]ruthenium(II) (4a,b). Benzylidene(tricyclohexylphosphine)[N,N‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido-κ3O,N,O]ruthenium(II) (5) successfully transformed 1,7-octadiene to cyclohexene and ethylene in good yields at room temperature or 80 °C.
Molecular disruption of hypothalamic nutrient sensing induces obesity

The sensing of circulating nutrients within the mediobasal hypothalamus may be critical for energy homeostasis. To induce a sustained impairment in hypothalamic nutrient sensing, adeno-associated viruses (AAV) expressing malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase (MCD; an enzyme involved in the degradation of malonyl coenzyme A) were injected bilaterally into the mediobasal hypothalamus of rats. MCD overexpression led to decreased abundance of long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A in the mediobasal hypothalamus and blunted the hypothalamic responses to increased lipid availability. The enhanced expression of MCD within this hypothalamic region induced a rapid increase in food intake and progressive weight gain. Obesity was sustained for at least 4 months and occurred despite increased plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin. These findings indicate that nutritional modulation of the hypothalamic abundance of malonyl-coenzyme A is required to restrain food intake and that a primary impairment in this central nutrient-sensing pathway is sufficient to disrupt energy homeostasis and induce obesity.
THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN HEMOCHROMATOSIS

In the peculiar condition of hemochromatosis the deposit of iron containing pigment is widespread and is known to involve many structures including, among others, several of the glands of internal secretion. Altho its effect on the anatomy and function of the liver and pancreas has been much emphasized, the results of its presence in other glandular structures has been less studied. Our interest in the subject was stimulated by observation on the following case in which, in addition to involvement of the pancreas and the liver, there were many evidences of disturbance in the function of the thyroid gland. The patient was a 44 year old white male, a private patient of Dr. Oliver Campbell, who first entered Barnes Hospital on May 15, 1933. He had been a traveling salesman up to a year before admission when, because of his complaints, he changed to an office position. The family history was irrelevant. The past history was negative except for a Neisserian infection 10 years before. For the past year he had b...