cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the Flavoprotein d-6-Hydroxynicotine Oxidase: Substrate Specificity, pH and Solvent Isotope Effects, and Roles of Key Active-Site Residues.

The flavoprotein d-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase catalyzes an early step in the oxidation of (R)-nicotine, the oxidation of a carbon–nitrogen bond in the pyrrolidine ring of (R)-6-hydroxynicotine. The enzyme is a member of the vanillyl alcohol oxidase/p-cresol methylhydroxylase family of flavoproteins. The effects of substrate modifications on the steady-state and rapid-reaction kinetic parameters are not consistent with the quinone-methide mechanism of p-cresol methylhydroxylase. There is no solvent isotope effect on the kcat/Kamine value with either (R)-6-hydroxynicotine or the slower substrate (R)-6-hydroxynornicotine. The effect of pH on the rapid-reaction kinetic parameters establishes that only the neutral form of the substrate and the correctly protonated form of the enzyme bind. The active-site residues Lys348, Glu350, and Glu352 are all properly positioned for substrate binding. The K348M substitution has only a small effect on the kinetic parameters; the E350A and E350Q substitutions decrease the kc...
Elliptic Units in Function Fields

In [R], Robert uses modular functions to construct units in the class fields H of an imaginary quadratic number field F. In case H/F has prime power conductor, he computes the index of these “elliptic units” in the full unit group of H and finds that, up to trivial factors, the index is the class number of H. He therefore refers to his results on indices as class number formulas.
To Tell or Not to Tell: Student Responses to Negative Behavior in Elementary School

ABSTRACTIn this article I examine the factors that influence fifth grade student decisions regarding whether or not to report negative interactions to adults. Data from observations and interviews ...
Increased Glenoid Retroversion Is Associated With Increased Rotator Cuff Strength in the Shoulder

Background:The rotator cuff muscles are critical secondary stabilizers in the shoulder. Increased glenoid retroversion and rotator cuff strength have been associated with the risk of posterior shou...
Contrast enhanced ultrasound characterization of surgically resected renal masses in patients on dialysis.

AbstractObjective: Diagnostic work-up of suspicious renal masses has traditionally been conducted with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However,...
Plant and Operator Response to an Extraction Steam Line Rupture — Oconee Unit 2 — June 28, 1982

The rupture of an extraction steam line at Oconee Unit 2 presented an unusual, significant challenge to the reactor operators. The operators responded quickly and correctly to the abnormal conditions and controlled the plant within nominal post-trip bounds. When the 24 inch line ruptured, the integrated control system responded to indicated conditions by increasing reactor power and feedwater flow. The operators observed increasing power and low main steam pressure indications and terminated the blowdown by tripping the reactor nine seconds after the rupture. As the location of the secondary system rupture was unknown, the operators initiated the Steam Line Break emergency procedure. Plant conditions were quickly stabilized, and did not deviate significantly from normal post-trip response. An orderly cooldown was then inititated to begin repairs.
Conducting Polymers for Tissue Regeneration in Vivo

Conducting polymers (CPs) have unique electroactive properties that have inspired significant investigation into their use as biomaterials (CP-BMs) for regenerative engineering. Their physical and ...
Channel Estimation Using a Chirp Signal and the Fractional Fourier Transform

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is a useful tool that has many applications, such as interference mitigation for communications and radar target echo separation. In this paper, we present a new use, which is estimating an unknown multipath channel, by sending a short chirp signal through the channel. The multiple received chirps in multipath are rotated to the proper FrFT dimension where they become high power tones, whose amplitudes and delays are easily estimated by determining which values in the rotated spectrum exceed a given threshold $\gamma$, which is also easily computed. These are then mapped back to the original time domain. This method is enabled because of the nature of the FrFT and its ability to pull signals, especially chirp signals, out of noise. We present the signal and multipath model, and then describe how the FrFT is used to obtain the channel estimates. Through simulations, we show that this is a very accurate method, providing root mean-square error (RMSE) estimates of both channel coefficients and delays at least an order magnitude below that of existing methods, even at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as low as 0dB. It is also very low in complexity, because all coefficient amplitude and delays are estimated simultaneously with few computations; it therefore offers a promising channel estimation solution for existing and future terrestrial communications systems, including 4G/5G cellular systems requiring high data rate applications.
Regions Discovery Algorithm for Pathfinding in Grid Based Maps

Pathfinding problems often have to be solved under many constraints including limited processing time, memory, and computational power. The challenges become bigger as the size and complexity of the search space increase. Therefore, pathfinding on large and complex maps can result in performance bottlenecks. Researchers proposed to reduce the search space using preprocessing techniques such as hierarchical pathfinding to overcome the bottlenecks. In this paper we present a novel graph partition technique to boost the speed of pathfinding and preserve optimality for grid based environments. To overcome the weaknesses of clustering methods that are used in traditional hierarchical pathfinding algorithms, we propose to develop a graph decomposition algorithm that abstracts regions based on local features. The objective of our approach is to maintain the pathfinding optimality by only eliminating the regions that are obsolete. Thus, any possible solution path will not be eliminated during the search. Our experiment results show that a search space can be reduced as much as 47%, leading to much faster execution and less memory consumption.
Frequency and characteristics associated with opportunistic salpingectomy at cesarean delivery: A retrospective chart review

Abstract Objectives To identify the frequency and characteristics associated with total salpingectomy (TS) versus occlusion or partial salpingectomy (PS) at the time of cesarean delivery. Study design We performed a retrospective chart review of cesarean deliveries with a concurrent permanent contraception procedure, from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2019 at 2 hospitals (community hospital and tertiary care academic center) within a single healthcare system. We assessed the proportion of TS versus PS at cesarean, and secondarily compared operative times between the 2 procedures. Results We identified 2110 procedures during the 5-year period. Surgeons performed TS in 302 (14%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13%–16%) cases, and the annual rate varied from 14% to 18% over the study period (p = 0.14). Factors associated with increased likelihood of TS rather than PS included public insurance/self-pay (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0–4.1), delivery at the community hospital (aOR 4.8, 95% CI 3.0–7.7), parity of 5 or more (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.4), and presence of an obstetrician/gynecologist for cesarean delivery (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.4). The total operative time for TS and PS differed at the academic center (90 vs 68 minutes, p Conclusions This study highlights provider and institutional characteristics associated with TS compared to PS at the time of cesarean delivery, which may inform future programs aimed at increasing utilization of TS at cesarean delivery. Implications Access to TS at the time of cesarean delivery may provide pregnant women with a very effective permanent contraception method at a convenient time of concurrent cesarean. This study identifies patient factors that may influence access to TS as part of obstetrical care.
Online Dialogue And Interaction Disruption. A Latin American Government’s Use Of Twitter Affordances To Dissolve Online Criticism

Few academic studies have focused on how Latin American governments operate online. Political communication studies focused on social media interactions have overwhelmingly dedicated efforts to understand how regular citizens interact and behave online. Through the analysis of hashtags and other online strategies that were used during Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto’s (EPN) term to critique or manifest unconformity regarding part of the government’s performance, this study observes how members of a Latin American democratic regime weaponized a social media platform to dissipate criticism. More specifically, it proposes that the manipulation of social media affordances can debilitate essential democratic attributes like freedom of expression. Using a qualitative approach, consisting of observation, textual analysis, and online ethnography, findings show that some Mexican government’s manipulation of inconvenient Twitter conversations could impact or even disrupt potential offline crises. Another objective of the presented research is to set a baseline for future efforts focused on how Latin American democratic regimes behave and generate digital communication on social media platforms.
Limited Evidence for Accumulation of Latent Infections of Canker-Causing Pathogens in Shoots of Stone Fruit and Nut Crops in California.

Prevalence of latent infections of the canker-causing fungi Botryosphaeria dothidea and species of Cytospora, Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia, Neofusicoccum, and Phomopsis in young shoots of almond, prune,...
Empirical Investigation of Code Quality Rule Violations in HPC Applications

In large, collaborative open-source projects, developers must follow good coding standards to ensure the quality and sustainability of the resulting software. This is especially a challenge in high-performance computing projects, which admit a diverse set of contributions over decades of development. Some successful projects, such as the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc), have created comprehensive developer documentation, including specific code quality rules, which should be followed by contributors. However, none of the widely used and highly active open-source HPC projects have a way to automatically check whether these rules, typically expressed informally in English, are being violated. Hence, compliance checking is labor-intensive and difficult to ensure. To address this issue, we propose an automated method for detecting rule violations in HPC applications based on the PETSc development rules. In our empirical study, we consider 46 PETSc-based applications and assess the violations of two C-usage rules. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in identifying PETSc rule violations, which can be broadened to other HPC frameworks and extended by us and others in the community to include more rules.
Bone Mineral Density Changes during Weight Regain following Weight Loss with and without Exercise

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) over a 6 month follow up (period of weight regain) in overweight, postmenopausal women having previously completed a 6 month weight loss (WL) intervention with and without aerobic exercise (AEX). Women (BMI > 25 kg/m2) underwent VO2max and DEXA scans at baseline, after 6 months of WL or AEX + WL, and at 12 months ad libitum follow up. Both groups lost ~9% body weight from 0 to 6 months and regained ~2% from 6 to 12 months, while losing ~4% of appendicular lean mass (ALM) across the 12-month study duration. VO2max increased 10% from 0 to 6 months and declined 12% from 6 to 12 months for AEX + WL, with no changes for WL. Total body (p < 0.01) and total femur (p = 0.03) BMD decreased similar between groups across time (combined groups: 0–6 months: total body: −1.2% and total femur: −1.2%; 6–12 months: total body: −0.26% and total femur: −0.09%). Less ALM loss and greater VO2max increases during the WL phase were associated with attenuated BMD loss at various anatomical sites during periods of weight regain (6–12 months) p’s < 0.05). Results suggest that BMD loss may continue following WL, despite weight regain. Further, this study adds to the literature by suggesting that preventing declines in muscle quality and function during WL may attenuate the loss of BMD during weight regain. Future studies are needed to identify mechanisms underlying WL-induced bone loss so that effective practices can be designed to minimize the loss of BMD during WL and weight maintenance in older women.
The Story of Brady v. Maryland: From Adversarial Gameship Toward the Search for Innocence?

This book chapter, forthcoming in Criminal Procedure Stories (Carol Steiker ed. forthcoming 2005), explains the story behind Brady v. Maryland and its broader significance in the field of criminal procedure. Brady is unusual among the great landmark criminal procedure decisions of the Warren Court. Brady requires prosecutors to give criminal defendants evidence that tends to negate their guilt or reduce their punishment. In other words, Brady mandates limited discovery instead of trial by ambush. Brady's test turns not on whether the prosecutor misled a jury or acted in good faith, but on whether the evidence is favorable and material to guilt or punishment. Thus, Brady marked a potentially revolutionary shift from traditionally unfettered adversarial combat toward a more inquisitorial, innocence-focused system. Yet, unlike Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona, Brady has sparked little public controversy or commentary. This may be because innocence is an appealing touchstone for criminal procedure, one with enormous potential to transform the adversarial criminal trial into a collaborative search for the truth. Brady, however, has meant much less in practice than it could have. Few potential Brady claims come to light, and fewer defendants walk free, because our system remains an adversarial contest rather than a neutral inquiry into innocence. First, Brady requires prosecutors to look out for defendants' interests, and adversarial-minded prosecutors are poorly suited to do that job. Second, Brady is hard to implement and enforce. Favorable evidence is often spread across many agencies' files; defendants cannot learn of evidence hidden in these files; and judges are loath to reverse convictions long after trial. Empirical evidence shows that few Brady claims succeed and that most Brady material is ambiguous enough that prosecutors can easily overlook it. Third, Brady requires relatively little discovery, though statutes and rules have broadened discovery beyond the constitutional minimum. Much broader discovery would alleviate many of the adversary system's problems, at the cost of more witness intimidation, fabricated alibis, and revelation of undercover and confidential informants. Fourth, Brady applies only at the trial stage, but hardly any defendants go to trial any more. About 95% plead guilty, and Brady may not even apply to the plea bargaining process, when defendants need this information most. Finally, though Brady ignores the prosecutor's good faith (mens rea), its test continues to require some prosecutorial misdeed (actus reus). It does not focus exclusively on the defendant's guilt or innocence of the crime or punishment. Brady's ringing rhetoric of innocence, then, is in some ways a hollow promise. Far from transforming the adversarial system into a quest for truth, it has merely tinkered at its margins.
Market Equilibrium Model

A household’s demand for a good or service expresses the quantities of that good or service that the household is willing and able to purchase as a function of a number of variables.
Recurrent timing nets for auditory scene analysis

We have recently proposed neural timing networks that operate on temporal fine structure of inputs to build up and separate periodic signals with different fundamental periods (Neural Networks, 14: 737-753, 2001). Simple recurrent nets consist of arrays of coincidence detectors fed by common input lines and conduction delay loops of different recurrence times. Short-term facilitation amplifies correlations between input and loop signals to amplify periodic patterns and segregate those with different periods, thereby allowing constituent waveforms to be recovered. Timing nets constitute a new, general strategy for scene analysis that builds up correlational invariances rather than feature-based labeling, segregation and binding of channels.
In search of clusters: the coming battle in lowly parallel computing

I. WHAT IS A CLUSTER, AND WHY USE THEM? 1. Introduction. Working Harder. Working Smarter. Getting Help. A Neglected Paradigm. What Is To Come. 2. Examples. The Farm. Fermilab. Many Others. Cluster System Products. Cluster Software Products. Availability Clusters. Not the End. 3. Why Clusters? The Standard Litany. Why Now? Why Not Now? Cluster Enablers. 4. Definition, Distinctions, and Initial Comparisons. Definition. Distinction From Parallel Systems. Distinctions from Distributed Systems. Concerning "Single System Image". Other Comparisons. Reactions. II. HARDWARE. 5. A Cluster Bestiary. Exposed vs. Enclosed. "Glass-House" vs. "Campus-Wide" Cluster. Cluster Hardware Structures. Communication Requirements. 6. Symmetric Multiprocessors. What Is an SMP? What Is a Cache, and Why Is It Necessary? Memory Contention. Cache Coherence. Sequential and Other Consistencies. Input/Output. Summary. III. SOFTWARE. 7. Workloads. Why Discuss Workloads? Serial: Throughput. Parallel. Amdahl's Law. The Point of All This. 8. Basic Programming Models and Issues. What Is a Programming Model? The Sample Problem. Uniprocessor. Shared Memory. Message-Passing. Both at Once. SIMD and All That. Importance. 9. Commercial Programming Models. Small N vs. Large N. Small-N Programming Models. Large-N I/O Programming Models. Large-N Processor-Memory Models. Shared Disk or not Shared Disk? Small N vs. Large N in Commercial Subsystems. 10. Single System Image. Single-System-Image Boundaries. Single-System-Image Levels. The Application and Subsystem Levels. The Operating System Kernel Levels. Hardware Levels. SSI and System Management. IV. SYSTEMS. 11. Symmetric Multiprocessors vs. Clusters. What's Being Compared? Conventional Wisdom. SMP and Other Scaling. SMP-Cluster Performance Comparisons. Other Comparisons. Conclusions? 12. Why We Need the Concept of "Cluster". Benchmarks. Development Directions. Confusion of Issues. The Lure of Large Numbers. 13. Conclusion. Cluster Operating Systems. Communication Overhead. Standards. Software Pricing. Coda: The End of Parallel Computer Architecture. Annotated Bibliography. Index. About the Author.
A cyber physical system testbed for assistive robotics technologies in the home

We present a cyber-physical system (CPS) testbed to enable the rapid development, testing, and deployment of assistive robotics technologies in the home of elderly individuals. We built a CPS testbed in a lab environment with initial capabilities allowing for the testing of both individual systems and collections of systems. The CPS testbed has communication, computation, sensing, and control resources available that can be leveraged by individual subsystems within the CPS. We present projects built by different design teams to be integrated in the CPS environment to help the elderly live independent lives and age in place. Finally, we describe a case study for the use of a mobile robot within the CPS to detect and respond in case an elderly person falls at home.
The Association between Meeting Life’s Simple 7 Goals and Mortality after Stroke in the US (I10-2.001)

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA) recently developed a measure of ideal cardiovascular health, dubbed “Life’s Simple 7” (not smoking, regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet, maintaining normal weight, and controlling serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels). A recent study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) participants revealed that individuals who met higher number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics had lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The impact of meeting these metrics on long-term survival after stroke is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between cardiovascular health metric scores and all-cause mortality after stroke. METHODS: We assessed all-cause mortality among a nationally representative sample of US adults (蠅18 years) with self-reported stroke (n=649), from participation in NHANES in 1988-1994 through mortality assessment in 2006. Participants’ adherence to AHA’s Life’s Simple 7 ranged from 0 to 7 were assessed. We calculated adjusted survival curves for cumulative all-cause mortality by the cardiovascular health metrics under the Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for socio-demographic factors and trend tests for difference in mortality risk across health metric score under this model RESULTS: Less than 1% of all stroke survivors met all 7 ideal health metrics. Over a median duration of 98 months (range 53-159), there was a dose-dependent relationship between number of ideal lifestyle metrics met and 10-year adjusted mortality: 0-1: 57%; 2: 48%; 3: 43%; 4: 36%, and 蠅5: 30%. Those who met 蠅4 health metrics had significantly lower mortality rates than those who met 0-1 (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.28-0.92). After adjusting for socio-demographics (age, sex, race, income, and education), higher health metrics score was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (trend p-value: 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with lower all-cause mortality after stroke in an inverse dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that interventions specifically targeting these 7 factors could have a profound impact on long-term outcomes after stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Markovic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ovbiagele has nothing to disclose. Dr. Towfighi has nothing to disclose.
Investigation of the photo-oxidative chemistry of acetylated softwood lignin

Lignin was isolated from a spruce bleached chemithermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) with a mild acid hydrolysis and acetylated. Nonacetylated and acetylated lignins were impregnated onto cellulosic testsheets and photolyzed by two different light sources. Optical reflective studies indicated that the irradiated lignin underwent a two-phase photodiscoloration process with the acetylated lignin exhibiting reduced color formation. To examine the chemical processes initiated by irradiation, the photolyzed nonacetylated and acetylated lignins were extracted from the cellulosic testsheets and analyzed by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicated that the photobehavior of the acetylated lignin exhibited substantially decreased reactivity during the light irradiation. The extent of lignin acetylation prior to photolysis was shown to be a very important parameter in controlling the overall photoreactivity of the acetylated materials. Aliphatic hydroxyl groups in lignin were observed to extensively degrade during photolysis, whereas the amounts of C5 condensed phenolics, guaiacyl phenolics, acids, and p-hydroxyphenyl increased.
Temporary pituitary insensitivity to stimulation by synthetic LRF during the postpartum period.

ABSTRACT Following a subcutaneous injection of 100 μg of synthetic LRF, no increase was seen in the plasma LH in three subjects (1 nursing, 2 not nursing) studied in the first 3 weeks after delivery. When studied again 6 weeks or later after delivery, a normal increase was observed in plasma LH following LRF administration. These studies suggest that the pituitary gland might be temporarily resistant to stimulation by LRF in the early postpartum period.
Intelligent program analysis

In order to examine the possibilities of using a computer as an aid to teaching programming, a prototype intelligent program analyzer has been constructed. Its design assumes that a system cannot analyze a program unless it can "understand" it; understanding being based on a knowledge of what must be accomplished and how code is used to express the intentions. It was found that a one-page description of two common sorting algorithms or of some common approximation problems was sufficient for the computer to understand and analyze a wide variety of programs and identify and describe almost all errors.
Multiple-Antenna Interference Channels With Real Interference Alignment and Receive Antenna Joint Processing Based on Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation

In this paper, the degrees of freedom (DoF) regions of constant coefficient multiple antenna interference channels are investigated. First, we consider a K-user Gaussian interference channel with Mk antennas at transmitter k, 1 ≤ k ≤ K, and N j antennas at receiver j, 1 ≤ j ≤ K, denoted as a (K, [M k ], [N j ]) channel. Relying on a result of simultaneous Diophantine approximation, a real interference alignment scheme with joint receive antenna processing is developed. The scheme is used to obtain an achievable DoF region. The proposed DoF region includes two previously known results as special cases, namely: 1) the total DoF of (K, [N], [N]) interference channel with K users and N antennas at each node is NK/2 and 2) the total DoF of a (K, [M], [N]) channel is at least KMN/(M+N). We next explore constant-coefficient interference networks with K transmitters and J receivers, all having N antennas. Each transmitter emits an independent message and each receiver requests an arbitrary subset of the messages. Employing the novel joint receive antenna processing, the DoF region for this setup is obtained. We finally consider wireless X networks where each node is allowed to have an arbitrary number of antennas. It is shown that the joint receive antenna processing can be used to establish an achievable DoF region, which is larger than what is possible with antenna splitting. As a special case of the derived achievable DoF region for constant coefficient X network, the total DoF of wireless X networks with the same number of antennas at all nodes and with joint antenna processing is tight while the best inner bound based on antenna splitting cannot meet the outer bound. Finally, we obtain a DoF region outer bound based on the technique of transmitter grouping.
Design of Cross-Country Robot Control System Based on Wireless Communication Module

This paper describes the design of the cross-country robot’s control system. It mainly includes two parts, one is the software and hardware system for the lower computer, the other is the man-machine interface for the upper computer. The core of the hardware system is MCU; it controls double relays to drive the motor’s positive and negative rotations, and accordingly carries out the cross-country robot’s forward, backward and other functions. On the other hand, the upper computer uses VB to program and it uses a component named MScomm to communicate with the lower MCU via wireless COM. The double relays’ controlling motor is this paper’s innovation point.
Inhibitory control in patients with cocaine abuse is equally disrupted by generic and personally salient cocaine images

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e267 Inhibitory control in patients with cocaine abuse is equally disrupted by generic and personally salient cocaine images Gregory J. DiGirolamo1,2, David Smelson2, Nathan Guevremont2, Gerardo Gonzalez2 1 Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, United States 2 Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States Aims: Todetermine the extent that salient cocaine cues increase breakdown of control in patients with cocaine abuse, wemeasured control over behavior in a task where patients must inhibit an impulsive action and instead look away from a suddenly appearing image. Cueswere personally salient cocaine or neutral stimuli (participants handled them and rated their craving; photos of them touching the cues were used during the task) and generic cocaine (photos of cocaine-related cues) and neutral stimuli. Methods: Twenty-five treatment-seeking patients (M=37.2 yrs; 19males)with a history of cocaine abuse (M=14.6 yrs) and use of cocaine within the last month (16.2 days of use) were inducted into the study. Initial assessments included Voris cocaine craving measures and anti-saccade performance. Results: Voris craving scores were significantly higher (t=5.82, p< .0001) after handling the cocaine cues (M=27.3) than after handling the neutral cues (M=13.3). Inhibitory control was significantly worse (t=2.1, p< .05) for the salient cocaine cues (M=37%) than the salient neutral cues (M=33%). Likewise, errorswere significantly higher (t=2.8, p< .01) for the generic cocaine cues (M=34%) than the generic neutral cues (M=29%). Importantly, there was no hint of a statistical (t<1) or numeric difference in breakdowns in inhibitory control between generic cocaine cues (Mean difference of drug-neutral = 5%) and salient cocaine cues (mean difference of drug-neutral = 4%). Conclusions: Both types of drug cues caused significant breakdowns of inhibitory control. Handling cocaine cues significantly increased patients craving scores; however, these salient drug cues did not induce increased breakdowns in inhibitory control. Preliminary results suggest that personalized and generic drug cues are equally harmful in causing breakdownsof control suggesting a general bias toward drug cues. Neuroimaging studies are underway to test the underlying neural circuitry. Financial support: Supported by NIH-NIDA R03DA029179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.191 Understanding the buzz about energy drink use in college students Pam Dillon, Dace Svikis, David Pomm, Leroy Thacker, Kenneth Kendler, Danielle Dick Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,
Newborns learn to identify a face in eight/tenths of a second?

A number of recent studies have shown that newborns prefer to look at mother's face rather than at the face of a stranger. This preference can be seen as the result of familiarity with the mother's face, stemming from a greater number of encounters with mother's face. A schema theory can deal with this kind of recognition. Recent work with verbal stimuli has shown that newborns are sensitive to primacy and recency as well as simple familiarity. A pilot and one complete experiment were carried out to examine whether primacy and recency operated with faces as well. Results indicated that primacy, but not recency, was effective. The results show very rapid learning, learning that may outpace the capacity of any extant model of perceptual learning.
On the dimensionality of stilbene isomerization

Abstract Stilbene photoisomerization is a useful model system for the investigation of condensed phase reaction dynamics. This manuscript presents data on the photoisomerization of meta-methyl-substituted stilbenes in decane as a function of temperature. These kinetic data indicate that the torsional motion around the bond joining the phenyl ring to the ethylenic carbon occurs on time-scales similar to trans to cis photoisomerization. The results for this model system and previous spectroscopic results suggest that a one-dimensional reaction coordinate may not be appropriate in describing stilbene isomerization.
Heights of Heegner cycles and derivatives of L-series

0. Introduction 99 1. Intersections and heights 103 2. Kuga-Sato varieties and CM-cycles 117 3. Heights of CM-cycles 124 4. Heights of Heegner cycles 137 5. Proof of the main identity and the consequences 147 References 151
Novel quantification of extracellular expansion by cardiac magnetic resonance is a robust marker in diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis

Background Precise quantification of myocardial amyloid burden may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). While late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging by MRI demonstrates a characteristic pattern of infiltration, it does not quantify the extent of myocardial extracellular matrix expansion which occurs in CA. We tested the hypothesis that a direct measure of myocardial extracellular volume fraction (MECVF) using T1-weighted imaging preand post-contrast can identify CA.
Hysterectomy for carcinoma in situ and sexual function

Forty-four multiparous women treated for carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix were interviewed more than 1 year later to establish the effects of vaginal hysterectomy on sexual function. Thirty-eight women received a total vaginal hysterectomy and partial vaginectomy and six women received a total vaginal hysterectomy only. The patients were further subdivided into an age 30 to 49 subgroup to control for age. The study patients experienced no statistically significant decrease in sexual enjoyment, ability to attain orgasm, coital opportunity, frequency of intercourse, or coital desire. Similar results were found in the age-controlled subgroup. Vaginal alterations were not present whether or not partial vaginectomy was performed. The authors conclude that vaginal hysterectomy, with or without partial vaginectomy, does not significantly alter the sexual lives of multiparous women treated for carcinoma in situ .
Critical dynamics of one-dimensional irreversible systems

Abstract Reversible and irreversible systems in the universality class of the kinetic Ising model with a non-conserved order parameter are studied. In the scaling regime, I show how to compute the connection between the bare and renormalized dynamics and thus show how to extract the correlation length and auto-correlation time.
Asymmetric avalanches in the condensate of a Zeeman-limited superconductor

We report the nonequilibrium behavior of disordered superconducting Al films in high Zeeman fields. We have measured the tunneling density of states of the films through the first-order Zeeman critical field transition. We find that films with sheet resistances of a few hundred ohms exhibit large avalanchelike collapses of the condensate on the superheating branch of the critical field hysteresis loop. In contrast, the transition back into the superconducting phase (i.e., along the supercooling branch) is always continuous. The fact that the condensate follows an unstable trajectory to the normal state suggests that the order parameter in the hysteretic regime is not homogeneous.
The interactive robotic percussionist: new developments in form, mechanics, perception and interaction design

We present new developments in the improvisational robotic percussionist project, aimed at improving human-robot interaction through design, mechanics, and perceptual modeling. Our robot, named Haile, listens to live human players, analyzes perceptual aspects in their playing in real-time, and uses the product of this analysis to play along in a collaborative and improvisatory manner. It is designed to combine the benefits of computational power in algorithmic music with the expression and visual interactivity of acoustic playing. Haile's new features include an anthropomorphic form, a linear-motor based robotic arm, a novel perceptual modeling implementation, and a number of new interaction schemes. The paper begins with an overview of related work and a presentation of goals and challenges based on Haile's original design. We then describe new developments in physical design, mechanics, perceptual implementation, and interaction design, aimed at improving human-robot interactions with Haile. The paper concludes with a description of a user study, conducted in an effort to evaluate the new functionalities and their effectiveness in facilitating expressive musical human-robot interaction. The results of the study show correlation between human's and Haile's rhythmic perception as well as user satisfaction regarding Haile's perceptual and mechanical abilties. The study also indicates areas for improvement such as the need for better timbre and loudness control and more advance and responsive interaction schemes.
Measurement of the rotational spectra of OH+ and OD+ by laser magnetic resonance

Far IR rotational transitions between the four lowest rotational levels in the X 3Σ− vibronic ground states of OH+ and OD+ have been observed by laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ground state molecular constants, including the three g factors, have been determined and employed in the calculation of a Born–Oppenheimer equilibrium geometry. The centrifugal distortion of the spin‐rotation interaction is found to have a significant effect on the determination of other molecular constants. Hyperfine splittings have been resolved and analyzed for OH+, but could not be observed in OD+ spectra with a 6 MHz collision‐broadened linewidth.
Multiple roles of prolyl residues in structure and folding

Abstract To explore the ways that proline residues may influence the conformational options of a polypeptide backbone, we have characterized Pro→Ala mutants of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABP I). While all three Xaa-Pro bonds are in the trans conformation in the native protein and the equilibrium stability of each mutant is similar to that of the parent protein, each has distinct effects on folding and unfolding kinetics. The mutation of Pro105 does not alter the kinetics of folding of CRABP I, which indicates that the flexible loop containing this residue is passive in the folding process. By contrast, replacement of Pro85 by Ala abolishes the observable slow phase of folding, revealing that correct configuration of the 84–85 peptide bond is prerequisite to productive folding. Substitution of Pro39 by Ala yields a protein that folds and unfolds more slowly. Removal of the conformational constraint imposed by the proline ring likely raises the transition state barrier by increasing the entropic cost of narrowing the conformational ensemble. Additionally, the Pro→Ala mutation removes a helix-termination signal that is important for efficient folding to the native state.
Nitrates in soil after long‐term management for dryland grain sorghum and winter wheat

Abstract Long‐term cropping with clean and stubble mulch tillage (SMT) resulted in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) decreases at numerous Great Plains locations. Crops at some locations now respond to applied ? fertilizers. Objective of this study was to compare soil nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) contents after a 12‐year field study for which different management practices [cropping systems (rotations or continual cropping), tillage methods (SMT or no‐tillage), land leveling (level or nonlevel), and ? fertilizer (applied or not applied)] were used for dryland grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) was sampled by increments to a 20‐cm depth. Relatively few differences in NO3‐N contents due cropping system, land leveling, or tillage treatments were significant for individual depths or means across all depths. Cropping systems had no effect, but contents were greater in wheat than...
Effect of light on photosynthetic capacity during cold acclimation in a cold‐sensitive and a cold‐tolerant potato species

The effect of low temperature acclimation at various light levels on the photosynthetic capacity of Solanum species was examined. Two species, Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Pontiac and Solanum acaule Bitt., which differ significantly in degree of frost-tolerance and in their ability to acclimate to low temperature stress, were compared. Acclimation conditions included 5/2°C (day/night) temperatures, and either moderate (400 · mol · m−2· s−1) or low (40 · mol · m−2· s−1) photosynthetic photon flux densities. Several parameters of photosynthesis were measured in tissue pieces during acclimation treatments including chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratios and carbon dioxide-saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution during light-limited and light-saturated assays. Most measured photosynthetic parameters of low temperature-grown plants of both species showed greater declines under the moderate light than the low light conditions. Chlorophyll a/b ratios were unchanged after low temperature exposures in both light level treatments. At low temperatures, the cold-sensitive S. tuberosum demonstrated a greater inhibition of photosynthetic capacity in light- and carbon dioxide-saturated assays than S. acaule at all light levels. In addition to a pronounced inhibition at the higher light level, S. tuberosum demonstrated a very strong inhibition of photosynthetic capacity at very low light levels. Our results suggest a correlation between ability to maintain essential metabolic processes during low temperature stress in the presence of moderate light levels and the ability to increase cold tolerance.
Psychotherapy Appointment No-Shows: Clinicians’ Approaches

Missed psychotherapy appointments and eleventh hour cancellations contribute to financial burdens, reduced scheduling efficiency, and lowered effectiveness of the therapeutic services delivered. This paper attempts to explore more specific clinical process factors related to patient no-shows. Psychotherapists and their patients in the outpatient psychiatry department of a public safety-net hospital were surveyed to examine how frequently patients missed scheduled psychotherapy appointments and for what reasons. Clinicians with the lowest rates of patient no-shows (n = 12) were asked to discuss their approaches to psychotherapy attendance and provided clinical examples. Clinicians’ responses were thematically grouped into five aspects of negotiating missed appointments and no-shows. Clinicians identified the importance of improving patient motivation, developing a positive therapeutic alliance, setting an established treatment frame, communicating about no-shows throughout the course of treatment, and maintaining their own scheduling accountability as important factors in their approaches to managing patient non-attendance.
Next‐generation approaches to advancing eco‐immunogenomic research in critically endangered primates

High-throughput sequencing platforms are generating massive amounts of genomic data from nonmodel species, and these data sets are valuable resources that can be mined to advance a number of research areas. An example is the growing amount of transcriptome data that allow for examination of gene expression in nonmodel species. Here, we show how publicly available transcriptome data from nonmodel primates can be used to design novel research focused on immunogenomics. We mined transcriptome data from the world's most endangered group of primates, the lemurs of Madagascar, for sequences corresponding to immunoglobulins. Our results confirmed homology between strepsirrhine and haplorrhine primate immunoglobulins and allowed for high-throughput sequencing of expressed antibodies (Ig-seq) in Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli). Using both Pacific Biosciences RS and Ion Torrent PGM sequencing, we performed Ig-seq on two individuals of Coquerel's sifaka. We generated over 150 000 sequences of expressed antibodies, allowing for molecular characterization of the antigen-binding region. Our analyses suggest that similar VDJ expression patterns exist across all primates, with sequences closely related to the human VH 3 immunoglobulin family being heavily represented in sifaka antibodies. Moreover, the antigen-binding region of sifaka antibodies exhibited similar amino acid variation with respect to haplorrhine primates. Our study represents the first attempt to characterize sequence diversity of the expressed antibody repertoire in a species of lemur. We anticipate that methods similar to ours will provide the framework for investigating the adaptive immune response in wild populations of other nonmodel organisms and can be used to advance the burgeoning field of eco-immunology.
A Mechanism for Detecting the Rate of Temperature Change in Drosophila

Temperature sensation is crucial for an animal's growth and survival. In addition to detecting actual temperatures, animals are also sensitive to the rate of temperature change. Many animals exhibit a nociceptive response only if the rate of temperature change is rapid. However, the molecular mechanisms through which animals are able to sense the rate of temperature change are unknown. To tackle this question, we focused on Drosophila larvae. We built a Peltier-based temperature control system to precisely control the rate of temperature change and used customized programs to automatically track and analyze larval rolling behaviors. We found that the nociceptive behavior (rolling) was triggered by a high temperature change rate, but not high temperatures themselves if the rate of temperature change was low. To identify a candidate molecular sensor that might contribute to sensing the rate of temperature change, we tested contributions of thermosensitive Transient Receptor Potential channels (thermoTRPs), since these channels play important roles in temperature sensation in organisms ranging from worms to humans. We found that the TRPA1 and a subset of TRPA1-expressing neurons in the larval brain are required for sensing the rate of temperature change. We propose that larvae use the rate of temperature change as an “alert” signal to trigger rolling behaviors, allowing a fast escape from a deleterious thermal landscapes before the temperature rises to dangerous levels.
Cascade diffusion theory as a general method for modeling radiation damage phenomena

Abstract Much of radiation damage theory is based on a rate equation formalism which assumes temporally and spatially homogeneous defect concentrations. Recently, the cascade diffusion theory has been developed to achieve a more realistic picture of point-defect concentrations. Under neutron irradiation, the local vacancy concentration is characterized by fluctuating concentration composed of spikes of varying size with significant overlap. Interstitial concentrations, on the other hand, consist of brief spikes having high concentration and with virtually no overlap. For most of the time the local interstitial concentration is zero. In this paper, we outline a general approach for using cascade diffusion theory to model materials behavior during irradiation. We also summarize some published results applying this method to swelling and irradiation creep. We suggest an approach for applying the method to other problems such as analysis of pulsed irradiation devices and defect cluster nucleation.
User manual for IDENT, a parametric and nonparametric linear systems identification package.

This document is intended to provide a first time user of I D E N T with tutorials on the usage of the program. The user should be familiar with the theoretical aspects of linear system identification. The Box and Jenkins (1976) Time Series Analysis is probably the best first reference. Following are explanations of each command (generated by IDENT), and examples of each command. I D E N T uses 2 types of input files. One type contains the input and output data to be analyzed. The other type contains commands with which the program may be run automatically. It has been the experience of this laboratory that the automatic mode of running I D E N T is the only one used. Usually, one wants to estimate and evaulate several models before choosing a model structure. On an LSI-11, the time involved in such an effort is considerable, so that modeling was often done in an overnight run of IDENT.
Direct Observation of Waves Propagating near the Lower-Hybrid-Resonance Frequency

Electrostatically driven oscillations near the lower-hybrid-resonance frequency have have been studied in a linear plasma device. The index of refraction of these waves is measured directly and is seen to peak at a critical density as the wave propagates radially inward. A strong, nonlinear interaction is observed between the driven oscillations and the low-frequency drift-wave-like fluctuations which exist in this plasma.