cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 transduces insulin-like growth factor's signal to p27Kip1 in primary skeletal muscle satellite cells.

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates muscle satellite cell proliferation. Chakravarthy et al., (2000, J Biol Chem 275:35942-35952.) previously found that IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of primary satellite cells was associated with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the downregulation of a cell-cycle inhibitor p27 K i p 1 . To understand mechanisms by which IGF-I signals the downregulation of p27 K i p 1 in rat skeletal satellite cells, the role of Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 in transcriptional activity of p27 K i p 1 was examined. When primary rat satellite cells were transfected with a p27 K i p 1 promoter-reporter gene construct, IGF-I (100 ng/ml) inhibited specific p27 K i p 1 promoter activity. Addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, reversed the IGF-I-mediated downregulation of p27 K i p 1 promoter activity. Co-transfection of wild type (WT) FoxO1 into satellite cells increased p27 K i p 1 promoter activity in the absence of IGF-I supplementation. Addition of IGF-I reversed the induction of p27 K i p 1 promoter activity by WT FoxO1. When a mutated FoxO1 (without Thr 2 4 , Ser 2 5 6 , and Ser 3 1 6 Akt phosphorylation sites) was used, IGF-I was no longer able to reverse the FoxO1 induced stimulation of p27 K i p 1 promoter activity that had been seen when WT FoxO1 was present. When the satellite cells were treated with IGF-I, phosphorylation of Akt-ser 4 7 3 and FoxO1-Ser 2 5 6 was increased. In addition, when the cel Is were pre-incubated with LY294002 before IGF-I stimulation, the phosphorylation of Akt-Ser 4 7 3 and FoxO1-Ser 2 5 6 was inhibited, implying that phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 was downstream of IGF-I-induced PI3K signaling. However, IGF-I did not induce phosphorylation of FoxO1 on residues Thr 2 4 and Ser 3 1 6 . These results suggested that IGF-I induced the phosphorylation of Ser 2 5 6 and inactivated FoxO1 thereby downregulating the activation of the p27 K i p 1 promoter. Thus, inactivation of FoxO1 by IGF-I plays a critical role in rat skeletal satellite cell proliferation through regulation of p27 K i p 1 expression.
Corporate equity ownership, investment, and product market relationships

This paper examines the effect of corporate equity ownership on investment when firms have product market relationships. Firms have incentives to hold long equity positions when their products are complements. These equity positions induce the firms to increase their real investment expenditures. In contrast, firms have incentives to hold short equity positions when their products are substitutes. These short positions commit the firms to a more aggressive product market stance, and also result in increased real investment expenditures. Our model offers an explanation for the empirical relationship between the establishment of corporate equity stakes and increased investment spending documented by Allen and Phillips (2000).
Phenology of dormancy in a Virginia population of Mesocyclops edax (Crustacea: Copepoda)

The abundance and age structure of a Virginia, USA population ofMesocyclops edax that undergoes dormancy in an eutrophic lake was investigated from October 1988 through March 1989. During the fall all instars ofM. edax were present in the water column. By early December, only CI-CIV instars were found.
Specialized transduction of galactose by lambda phage from a deletion lysogen.

Abstract Transducing variants of coliphage λ have been isolated from a donor strain in which the normal prophage-host relationship is altered by a deletion that extends from the galE gene of the host into the Q gene of the prophage. The 40 λ gal strains isolated fall into 8 classes. Two classes do not carry the deletion of the donor strain and must have arisen in the primary recipient. The most common class contains phage genes SR A-J and part of gene Q, and might arise by cutting at the att site. One class of λ gal contain all known λ genes except for a large section of gene Q. Lysogens of this class lyse late after induction, liberating a small amount of phage. A further mutation ( qin ) allows plaque formation by these Q-deletion phages, apparently by shortening the latent period. The qin mutation entails a physical loss of DNA, genetic loss of the gal genes and a loss of ability to complement genes S and R in trans .
Assembly line balancing with parallel workstations and dead time

SUMMARY This paper presents a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for solving an assembly line-balancing )ALB( problem with parallel workstations. Solutions represent a trade-off between the minimum number of stations required to achieve a balance and the cost of installing additional facilities. Both task costs and equipment costs are considered. A second feature of the algorithm is that it takes into account unproductive time during a cycle. The advantage of the DP approach is that it readily permits the recursive relationship associated with the serial ALB problem to be modified to accommodate the cost of paralleling. Solutions are obtained with an enumeration scheme that exploits known lower bounds. Two examples, and the results from a series of industry-based test problems, are presented to highlight the computations. In general, the algorithm performs well, but runs into trouble when the order strength of the underlying precedence graph is close to one or zero.
Logical Reasoning Ability and Teacher Verbal Behavior within the Mathematics Classroom

The development of logical skills is a goal held by most educators. Yet reported research offers little of a prescriptive nature concerning how to nurture and enhance children's ability to use logic. There have been a few attempts to teach children logic per se. (Donaldson; 1963; Suppes & Binford, 1965; McAloon, 1969; Miller, 1969). For the most part, these studies reported that children have learned principles of logic. But those studies that report comparative data for students not receiving formal instruction in logic report equivalent growth between pretest and posttest administrations for both groups. (Ennis & Paulus, 1965; Roy, 1970; Williams, 1971). Another direction of researchers is exploration of correlates of logical reasoning ability and the development process (Bonser, 1910; Burt, 1919; Inhelder & Piaget, 1958; Hill, 1961; Shapiro & O'Brien, 1970). Age and IQ are the only variables that have consistently been found to be related to logical ability. But age and IQ are static or passive variables in the sense of not offering the teacher or experimenter the potential of actively controlling the child's environment to produce growth in logical ability. The purpose of this study was to explore one variable within the mathematics classroom that is subject to the control of the teacher, namely, the ordinary language of the teacher. Several studies of teacher verbal behavior suggested this might be a significant variable. Wright and Proctor (1961), Smith and Meux (1962), Bellack (1965), Gallagher, Ashner, and Jenne (1967), and Fey (1970) have all reported that use of the language of conditional reasoning constitutes a portion of teacher verbal behavior regardless of the subject matter content. Smith and Meux (1962) have been the only investigators to exhibit actual frequencies of the specialized language of logic and conclude that mathematics teachers
A model for dataflow based vector execution

Although the dataflow model has been shown to allow the exploitation of parallelism at all levels, research of the past decade has revealed several fundamental problems: Synchronization at the instruction level, token matching, coloring and re-labeling operations have a negative impact on performance by significantly increasing the number of non-compute “overhead” cycles. Recently, many novel Hybrid von-Neumann Data Driven machines have been proposed to alleviate some of these problems. The major objective has been to reduce or eliminate unnecesssary synchronization costs through simplified operand matching schemes and increased task granularity. Moreover, the results from recent studies quantifying locality suggest sufficient spatial and temporal locality is present in dataflow execution to merit its exploitation.In this paper we present a data structure for exploiting locality in a data driven environment: the Vector Cell. A Vector Cell consists of a number of fixed length chunks of data elements. Each chunk is tagged with a presence bit, providing intra-chunk strictness and inter-chunk non-strictness to data structure access. We describe the semantics of the model, processor architecture and instruction set as well as a Sisal to dataflow vectorizing compiler back-end. The model is evaluated by comparing its performance to those of both a classical fine-grain dataflow processor employing I-structures and a conventional pipelined vector processor. Results indicate the model is surprisingly resilient to long memory and communication latencies, and is able to dynamically exploit the underlying parallelism across multiple processing elements at run time.
Behavioral markers of schizophrenia useful for genetic studies

The advent of powerful molecular biological techniques have already led to the discovery of chromosomal loci linked to some genetically transmitted diseases. These techniques, however, lose their power if applied to a disease trait that is not Mendelian in its transmission. The low familial prevalence of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia make these techniques unsuitable for linkage studies of these conditions, if identification of schizophrenia relies solely on the clinical manifestation of the schizophrenic psychosis. Broadening the disease phenotype in diseases such as schizophrenia, with low recurrence risk, and narrowing it in diseases such as major affective disorder, with very high recurrence risk, may be an effective strategy for linkage studies of these diseases. Several alternative phenotypes are discussed, including smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities, event related potentials, and deficient attentional deployment as measured by the continuous performance test. The strategy assumes that schizophrenia is a pleiotropic disorder, and that the psychosis is the rare form of the condition. The paper focuses principally on smooth pursuit eye movement abnormalities, and claims a plausible place for them as an independent expression of schizophrenia. With this strategy, the possibility for successful linkage studies increases, since familial distributions of schizophrenia and pursuit abnormalities, considered together, appear to fit an autosomal dominant pattern.
The atomic fingerprint of YBa2Cu3O7−x-type high-temperature superconductors observed by field ion microscopy

Abstract The high-transition-temperature superconducting oxides YBa2Cu3O7−x, YbBa2Cu3O7−x, SmBa2Cu3-O7−x, GdBa2(Cu0.96Fe0.04)3O7−x, and GdBa2(Cu0.92Fe0.08)3O7−x (0
SU-FF-I-94: Intensity-Based 3D/3D Image Registration for Prostate Localization On CBCT Images

Purpose: We have developed an intensity‐based 3D/3D image registration program for automatic prostate localization on CBCTimages. The main application of this program will be the online and offline analysis of CBCTimages for daily image guided radiation therapy.Methods and materials: The program provides with two different ways of defining region of interests (ROI); rectangular ROI and irregular ROI. The rectangular ROI is generally defined around the pelvic bone for bone matching, and the irregular ROI is around prostate and seminal vesicle for prostate matching. The ROIs are defined on the simulation CTimages, and the volumes within which are registered with daily CBCTimages. Registration is accomplished by maximizing the similarity within the ROIs. Uphill simplex method is utilized for the maximization, and it stops when the number of iteration reaches a preset threshold, or when the simplex shrinks to a preset simplex radius. Then, the users verify the registration result in three different overlay views, and the treatment machine correction shifts are calculated from the verified registration. Results: As a similarity function, mutual information provided very robust and accurate registrations for the pelvic bone registration. In one of our preliminary studies, the prostate registrations with gradient correlation, gradient difference, and pattern intensity showed 1.7±1.0mm average error, estimated from calcification mismatches. The registrations were also compared with the average manual registrations conducted by four clinicians. The isocenter difference in each dimension was around 1.0±0.7mm. The execution time, except the ROI definition and image loading, was around 7 seconds for each pelvic bone and prostate registration on a 1.8 MHz PC. Conclusions: Further thorough experiments are due, but the preliminary results indicated that the newly developed program may be able to provide accurate, robust, and fast online and offline CBCTanalysis for image guided radiation therapy.
Speed-accuracy tradeoff in double stimulation: Effects on the first response.

A single-stimulation and two double-stimulation response conditions were compared using explicit payoff matrices to vary speed-accuracy tradeoff. Under accuracy payoff, response latency (RT1) to the first stimulus increased as ISI dropped but accuracy remained high and relatively constant. Under speed payoff, RT1 was only slightly affected by ISI but accuracy dropped as ISI decreased. Transmitted information rates consistently reflected detrimental effects of short ISI. In double stimulation, but not in single stimulation, error response latency exceeded correct response latency. Furthermore, error response latencies were found to be far more variable and more sensitive to changes in speed-accuracy condition than were correct response latencies. Finally, under both speed and accuracy conditions, response latency to the first of two successive stimuli was faster if a response was also required to the second stimulus. Implications of the data for possible models of double-stimulation speed-accuracy tradeoff are considered.
Assessing the outcome of pediatric intensive care

To describe the short-term outcome of pediatric intensive care by quantifying overall functional morbidity and cognitive impairment, I developed the Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) and the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scales, respectively. A total of 1469 subjects (1539 admissions) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of Arkansas Children's Hospital from July 1989 through December 1990. Patients were assigned baseline POPC and PCPC scores derived from historical information and discharge scores at the time of discharge from the hospital (or from the pediatric intensive care unit for patients with multiple hospitalizations). Delta scores were calculated as the difference between the discharge scores and the baseline scores. The changes in POPC and PCPC scores were associated with several measures of morbidity (length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit, total hospital charges, and discharge care needs) and with severity of illness (pediatric risk of mortality score) or severity of injury (pediatric trauma score) ( p r =0.88 to 0.96; p
Intruder in the Dust: Why Are Dust Mites Such Effective Allergens?

In order for allergic sensitization to occur, antigen-present­ ing cells, which lie within the mucosa, process and present antigens to nearby IgE-producing cells. However, if the mucosal barrier is intact, the large protein antigens that are important allergens should have little access to the antigen­ presenting cells, but should be trapped in the mucus blanket and carried out the mucociliary escalator. However, if inflammation is present and the epithelial barrier is breached, better access of allergens to the cells within the mucosa may occur. For this reason, some hypotheses about the origins of allergic sensitization invoke the complicity of viral infection or other sources of inflammation. In this issue of the Journal, Herbert and co-workers (1) study the cysteine protease activity of Der pl, a major dust mite allergen. They implicate this activity in detachment of epithelial cells in culture from their support, epithelial in­ jury, and increased mucosal permeability as demonstrated by increases in albumin flux across the epithelial monolayer. They postulate that the dust mite allergen achieves access to the antigen-presenting dendritic cells, even in the absence of inflammation, by damaging the epithelium, facilitating its own penetration into the mucosa. There are reasons to interpret these results with caution. It is not clear that the results of detachment studies in culture can be applied to the living airway. Indeed, this paper shows that the cultured cells resist detachment more if they are an­ chored to a matrix of macromolecules instead of tissue cul­ ture plastic. In vivo, anchored to their natural matrix, epithe­ lial cells may resist detachment even better. In addition, the concentrations of Der pl required to detach cells, even in culture, are quite high (ECso of 0.5 mg/ml). It is not certain that Der pl reaches this concentration in the airway. The data on albumin flux may be difficult to interpret as well. As noted by Herbert and co-workers, albumin is actively transported by airway epithelial cells, so it is difficult to say for sure that the observed changes in albumin flux represent increased leakiness of the epithelium and not alteration in the active transport of albumin. The authors speculate that the enzy­ matic properties of Der pl promote penetration of the antigen into the mucosa, where it has access to antigen-presenting cells. The paper stops short of demonstrating directly that
Additive manufacturing based on optimized mask video projection for improved accuracy and resolution

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) processes based on mask image projection such as digital micro-mirror devices (DMD) have the potential to be fast and inexpensive. More and more research and commercial systems have been developed based on such digital devices. However, the accuracy and resolution of the related AM processes are constrained by the limited number of mirrors in a DMD. In this paper, a novel AM process based on the mask video projection has been presented. For each layer, a set of mask images instead of a single image are planned based on the principle of the optimized pixel blending. The planned images are then projected in synchronization with the small movement of the building platform. A mask image planning method has been presented for the formulated optimization problem. Experimental results have verified that the mask video projection process can significantly improve the accuracy and resolution of built components.
Microstructural and Optical Characterization of GaN Films Grown by PECVD on (0001) Sapphire Substrates

Epitaxial GaN films have been grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The growth procedure utilizes a He gas discharge combined with the down-stream introduction of trimethylgallium (TMGa) and nitrogen. Both cubic [111] and wurtzitic [0001] GaN epitaxial films have been achieved on (0001) sapphire substrates. Differences in substrate growth temperatures are believed to account for the different observed phases. A comparative study pertaining to the microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the α-GaN and s-GaN heteroepitaxial films is presented. Also reported for the first time is the Raman spectroscopy data for cubic GaN.
The Affordable Care Act and Reproductive Health: Potential Gains and Serious Challenges

After nearly a century of failed or incomplete legislative efforts, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), enacted by Congress in March 2010, establishes the principle that every American is entitled to affordable and effective health insurance coverage regardless of income or health status. Although many aspects of the act have received broad attention, its impact on reproductive health has received considerably less scrutiny, except when debated through the specific lens of particularly polarized ideological concerns. If fully implemented as planned, the PPACA has the potential to improve reproductive health in the United States in at least three ways: increasing the number of women and men with insurance coverage; increasing the value of insurance coverage for addressing reproductive health needs; and improving access to reproductive health services and information more generally. Several PPACA provisions stand out as having particular importance for reproductive health, including Medicaid family planning expansions, standards for an essential health benefits package, expanded coverage for contraception and other clinical preventive services, and teen pregnancy prevention programs. All these potential gains, however, are threatened by political, economic, and logistical challenges to the PPACA and by flaws in the legislation itself.
Affective Synchrony: Individual Differences in Mixed Emotions

Most models of affect suggest either inverse or null associations between positivity and negativity. Recent work has highlighted situations that sometimes lead to mixed positive-negative affect. Focusing on the counterpart to these situational factors, the authors explore the individual-difference tendency toward mixed emotions, which they term affective synchrony. In five studies, the authors show that some individuals demonstrate affective synchrony (overlapping experience of positive and negative moods), others a-synchrony (positive and negative mood that fluctuate independently), and still others de-synchrony (positive and negative moods that function as bipolar opposites). These tendencies are stable over time within persons, vary broadly across individuals, and are associated with individual differences in cognitive representation of self and of emotions.
Diffraction studies of cubic phase stability in undoped zirconia thin films

Pure stoichiometric ZrO{sub 2} films were deposited on amorphous silica substrates by electron beam evaporation of Zr in the presence of an electron cyclotron resonance oxygen plasma. Grain size, strain, and texture were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Films grown at room temperature are polycrystalline and exist in the cubic phase. Growth at elevated temperatures produces coexisting cubic and monoclinic phases and shows a maximum critical grain size of {approx}10 nm for stabilization of the cubic phase. Pole figure analysis indicates a preferred cubic [200] fiber axis for room-temperature growth and dual monoclinic (left brace)111{r_brace} and {l_brace}111(bar sign){r_brace} in-plane textures for films grown at 400 degree sign C. Postdeposition annealing experiments confirm the existence of a critical grain size and suggest mechanisms for grain growth. (c) 2000 Materials Research Society.
Deciphering the origins of apomictic polyploids in the Cheilanthes yavapensis complex (Pteridaceae)

Deciphering species relationships and hybrid origins in polyploid agamic species complexes is notoriously diffi cult. In this study of cheilanthoid ferns, we demonstrate increased resolving power for clarifying the origins of polyploid lineages by integrating evidence from a diverse selection of biosystematic methods. The prevalence of polyploidy, hybridization, and apomixis in ferns suggests that these processes play a signifi cant role in their evolution and diversifi cation. Using a combination of systematic approaches, we investigated the origins of apomictic polyploids belonging to the Cheilanthes yavapensis complex. Spore studies allowed us to assess ploidy levels; plastid and nuclear DNA sequencing revealed evolutionary relationships and confi rmed the putative progenitors (both maternal and paternal) of taxa of hybrid origin; enzyme electrophoretic evidence provided information on genome dosage in allopolyploids. We fi nd here that the widespread apomictic triploid, Cheilanthes lindheimeri , is an autopolyploid derived from a rare, previously undetected sexual diploid. The apomictic triploid Cheilanthes wootonii is shown to be an interspecifi c hybrid between C. fendleri and C. lindheimeri , whereas the apomictic tetraploid C. yavapensis is comprised of two cryptic and geographically distinct lineages. We show that earlier morphology-based hypotheses of species relationships, while not altogether incorrect, only partially explain the complicated evolutionary history of these ferns.
The Antibiotic Monensin Causes Cell Cycle Disruption of Toxoplasma gondii Mediated through the DNA Repair Enzyme TgMSH-1

Monensin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that is widely used in the control of coccidia in animals. Despite its significance in veterinary medicine, little is known about its mode of action and potential mechanisms of resistance in coccidian parasites. Here we show that monensin causes accumulation of the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii at an apparent late-S-phase cell cycle checkpoint. In addition, experiments utilizing a monensin-resistant T. gondii mutant show that this effect of monensin is dependent on the function of a mitochondrial homologue of the MutS DNA damage repair enzyme (TgMSH-1). Furthermore, the same TgMSH-1-dependent cell cycle disruption is observed with the antiparasitic ionophore salinomycin and the DNA alkylating agent methyl nitrosourea. Our results suggest a novel mechanism for the mode of action of monensin and salinomycin on coccidial parasites, in which the drug activates an MSH-1-dependent cell cycle checkpoint by an unknown mechanism, ultimately leading to the death of the parasite. This model would indicate that cell cycle disruption is an important mediator of drug susceptibility and resistance to ionophoric antibiotics in coccidian parasites.
On gravity–capillary lumps

Two-dimensional (plane) solitary waves on the surface of water are known to bifurcate from linear sinusoidal wavetrains at specific wavenumbers k = k 0 where the phase speed c(k) attains an extremum (dc/dk| 0 =0) and equals the group speed. In particular, such an extremum occurs in the long-wave limit k 0 =0, furnishing the familiar solitary waves of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) type in shallow water. In addition, when surface tension is included and the Bond number B = T/(ρgh 2 ) 1/3 in shallow water, gravity-capillary lumps, in the form of locally confined wavepackets, are found for B < 1/3 in water of finite or infinite depth; like their two-dimensional counterparts, they bifurcate at the minimum phase speed and are governed, to leading order, by an elliptic-elliptic Davey-Stewartson equation system in finite depth and an elliptic two-dimensional NLS equation in deep water. In either case, these lumps feature algebraically decaying tails owing to the induced mean flow.
‘If You Really Knew Me’ … I am empowered through action

In this paper, we argue for the importance of creating a context that allows students to explore their sense of ‘self’ and their embodied identities, specifically within a physical education context. We specifically explore how students’ mediated and embodied identities are ‘translated’, particularly as they engaged in activist research by become co-meaning makers and co-interpreters throughout the research process. The purpose of this study was to engage high school girls in collaborative activist research to explore how they made meaning of their mediated identities, how they translated these identities to their embodied sense of self and how that influenced their schooling experiences. Participants were three ninth grade girls from a coeducational class in a suburban high school located in the Midwest region of the USA. During the first phase of the study, data were collected from focus group interviews, media consumption logs and descriptive field notes from observations. In the second phase, particip...
Heat Transfer Performance of a Porous Metal Foam/Phase Change Material System: Part 1 — Freezing

A detailed experimental study has been performed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a solid/liquid phase-change thermal energy storage system that includes porous metal foam. The phase-change material (PCM) and metal foam were contained in a vertically oriented test cylinder that is cooled at its outside boundary, resulting in radially inward freezing. As the PCM freezes, the solid/liquid interface moves inward from the surface of the test cylinder, and a thermal resistance layer is built up, resulting in a reduced heat transfer rate between the system to be cooled and the PCM. The porous material used in this research was intended to minimize the insulating effect of this thermal resistance layer. In the freezing case study, a one-dimensional mathematical model was developed, which considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer. The effective thermal conductivity of the porous media saturated with solid eicosane was predicted utilizing several models and compared with the measured effective thermal conductivity. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the metal foam as a heat transfer enhancement device.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative Enterococcus faecalis isolate

Summary Lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical for a wide range of food and industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical syntheses. Although lactic acid production has been well documented, improved production parameters that lead to reduced production costs are always of interest in industrial developments. In this study, we describe the production of lactic acid at high concentration, yield and volumetric productivity utilizing a novel homofermentative, facultative anaerobe Enterococcus faecalis CBRD01. The highest concentration of 182 g lactic acid l−1 was achieved after 38 h of fed-batch fermentation on glucose. The bacterial isolate utilized only 2–13% of carbon for its growth and energy metabolism, while 87–98% of carbon was converted to lactic acid at an overall volumetric productivity of 5 g l−1 h−1. At 13 h of fermentation, the volumetric productivity of lactate production reached 10.3 g l−1 h−1, which is the highest ever reported for microbial production of lactic acid. The lactic acid produced was of high purity as formation of other metabolites was less than 0.1%. The present investigation demonstrates a new opportunity for enhanced production of lactic acid with potential for reduced purification costs.
"Wir sind alle Oranienplatz"! Space for Refugees and Social Justice in Berlin

For nearly two years Berlin-Kreuzberg was the site of a large-scale protest camp set up to mobilize awareness and activism with respect to asylum politics in Germany and Europe. Located on the central square Oranienplatz, this protest incited broader questions about the relationship between cities and citizenship and the geopolitical role of urban space. The present article traces the emergence and development of this protest movement, referred to as Refugee Tent Action, its political footing, and especially its urban tracks. With recourse to theories of space, the commons, and citizenship, I demonstrate how this protest movement progressed into an urban manifestation for community, public space, civic engagement, and social justice.
MMV: A Metamodeling Based Microprocessor Validation Environment

With increasing levels of integration of multiple processing cores and new features to support software functionality, recent generations of microprocessors face difficult validation challenges. The systematic validation approach starts with defining the correct behaviors of the hardware and software components and their interactions. This requires new modeling paradigms that support multiple levels of abstraction. Mutual consistency of models at adjacent levels of abstraction is crucial for manual refinement of models from the full chip level to production register transfer level, which is likely to remain the dominant design methodology of complex microprocessors in the near future. In this paper, we present microprocessor modeling and validation environment (MMV), a validation environment based on metamodeling, that can be used to create models at various abstraction levels and to generate most of the important validation collaterals, viz., simulators, checkers, coverage, and test generation tools. We illustrate the functionalities in MMV by modeling a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer processor at the system, instruction set architecture, and microarchitecture levels. We show by examples how consistency across levels is enforced during modeling and also how to generate constraints for automatic test generation.
Institutional Impediments To Voluntary Ethics Measurement Systems: An International Perspective

Despite numerous appeals in the business ethics literature for a multiple-stakeholder perspective to corporate governance, in practice the widespread adoption of voluntary ethics measurement systems that consider multiple stakeholders remains elusive. In this paper, we employ an institutional economics framework to examine the legal environment in several English-speaking countries in order to determine potential constraints that might cause managers to avoid the adoption of such systems. Our findings indicate that in British Commonwealth countries (1) the courts tend to view stockholders as the primary corporate constituency group and (2) there is a lack of documentary privilege. Therefore, any internally generated metrics on ethics and corporate social responsibility matters could potentially be either trivialized or used against the corporation in court proceedings. Before adopting a voluntary ethics measurement system, managers should be aware of these and other potential institutional constraints that may impede such efforts.
Surveillance of Stem Cell Fate and Function: A System for Assessing Cell Survival and Collagen Expression In Situ.

Cell-based therapy is an emerging paradigm in skeletal regenerative medicine. However, the primary means by which transplanted cells contribute to bone repair and regeneration remain controversial. To gain an insight into the mechanisms of how both transplanted and endogenous cells mediate skeletal healing, we used a transgenic mouse strain expressing both the topaz variant of green fluorescent protein under the control of the collagen, type I, alpha 1 promoter/enhancer sequence (Col1a1GFP) and membrane-bound tomato red fluorescent protein constitutively in all cell types (R26mTmG). A comparison of healing in parietal versus frontal calvarial defects in these mice revealed that frontal osteoblasts express Col1a1 to a greater degree than parietal osteoblasts. Furthermore, the scaffold-based application of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and osteoblasts derived from these mice to critical-sized calvarial defects allowed for investigation of cell su...
Seasonality in Time-Series Forecasting

This note teaches the student how to account for seasonality in time-series data. All the necessary steps to (1) deseasonalize, (2) forecast with deseasonalized data, and then (3) reseasonalize the forecast are illustrated with examples from the coal industry.
Living on the Edge: Digital Worlds Which Embrace the Real World

For many digital world creators and thinkers, a core belief is that digital worlds benefit from isolation from the real world. In particular, real-world economies and legal structures should be excluded from digital worlds. As attractive as these positions can be, they do not act in the best interests of digital worlds or the residents of these worlds. With millions of players moving into online spaces and spending increasing amounts of time living their lives in them, ties to the real world become critical. This Article will argue that strong economic and intellectual property ties to the real world are vital components of successful digital worlds.
Time-Domain Characteristic Site Analysis for Ultra-High Frequency Partial Discharge in Power Transformer

The relationship between time-of-fight difference and accumulation energy is introduced to analyze the time-domain waveform of ultra-high frequency electromagnet(EM) wave induced by partial discharge(PD) from interior of transformer.Gauss function is applied to fit the waveform of EM,and the characteristics of EM are presented by the statistical analysis for all the fitting curves.It is shown that the relationship between time-of-flight difference and accumulation energy enables to identify whether the EM signals acquired by different sensors come from the same source of PD and more accurately to determine whether the EM signals come from the same source of PD due to the high similarity coefficient of EM wave induced by the same PD.And the fitted curves in time domain are beneficial to remove the interference to evaluate the PD pattern.
A Study on The Design of Seat Belt Strength

Well known as,when the vehicle occurrence a traffic accident,for the protect of passenger,the seat belt make an important function.For realizing protection,the design of the strength and guarantee,to become its the most basic main factor.One hand,the seat belt must have enough prevent breaking when the vehicle takes place the collision strength, trouble or Expiration.on the other hand,consider as the cost and weight,can't enlarge its strength enough and without limit. Therefore,when design the strength of seat belt,we should choose with the manufacturing cost at its strength function reasonable a little bit equilibrium,make it can satisfy to use the strength request,controling the cost in reasonable scope again.This text considers from the angle of whole car manufactory,inquirying into the car safety belt total the general method that strength design.
Paraneoplastic opsoclonus associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Opsoclonus is a pathological eye movement phenomenon in hich the eyes experience involuntary, arrhythmic, rapid, multidiectional, conjugate movements. It occurs in all eye positions and uring smooth pursuit, and can also persist during sleep. It is diferentiated from nystagmus in that there is no slow eye movement hase, and it differs from ocular flutter because the eye movement s multidirectional and not confined to the horizontal. Opsoclonus an be accompanied by tremors, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonic jerks, r encephalopathy. In addition to paraneoplastic etiologies, it is ometimes autoimmune, but frequently without an identifiable ntibody [1].
Implementation of Team Planning Time

AbstractThe creation of a new middle school provided the context for this case study which examines one team of teachers' use of team planning time. The study determined emphasis given, during team discussions, to issues of students, subject matter, pedagogical strategies, program evaluation, and policy. Analysis of discussions for each of these categories illuminated not only the benefits derived from use of this planning time, but also problems, misunderstandings, and limitations of time use. Suggestions are provided for improving the use of planning time, and address issues of teacher self-evaluation, equitable control of time, and an expansion of this time for professional growth activities.
Characteristics of bile salt uptake into skate hepatocytes

The substrate specificity for the transporter that mediates the hepatic uptake of organic anions in freshly isolated hepatocytes of the elasmobranch little skate (Raja erinacea) was determined for bile salts and bile alcohols. The Na(+)-independent transport system exhibits a substrate specificity, which is different from the specificity of Na(+)-dependent bile salt transport in mammals. Unconjugated and conjugated di- and tri-hydroxylated bile salts inhibit uptake of cholyltaurine and cholate competitively. Inhibition is significantly greater with unconjugated as opposed to glycine- or taurine-conjugated bile salts. However, the number of hydroxyl groups in the steroid moiety of the bile salts has only minor influences on the inhibition by the unconjugated bile salts. Since the transport system seems to represent an archaic organic-anion transport system, other anions, such as dicarboxylates, amino acids and sulphate, were also tested, but had no inhibitory effect on bile salt uptake. To clarify whether bile alcohols, the physiological solutes in skate bile, share this transport system, cholyltaurine transport was studied after addition of 5 beta-cholestane-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol. These bile alcohols inhibit cholyltaurine uptake non-competitively. In contrast, uptake of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, which is Na(+)-independent, is not inhibited by cholyltaurine. The findings further characterize a Na(+)-independent organic-anion transport system in skate liver cells, which is not shared by bile alcohols and has preference for unconjugated lipophilic bile salts.
Economic Freedom and the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Expansions and Labor Mobility by Race and Ethnicity

A greater level of government involvement in the financing of health care is generally viewed unfavorably by organizations monitoring economic freedom. However, increased government provision of health insurance could be associated with improved economic freedom through enhanced labor market mobility. For example, job-lock alleviation accompanying a public insurance expansion could lead to increased innovation or a higher likelihood of self-employment. In this article, we use the Affordable Care Act (ACA)’s recent Medicaid expansions to examine the effect of an increase in public health insurance provision on labor market outcomes by gender and race/ethnicity. Our results lend support to the notion that state Medicaid expansions are associated with improved labor market autonomy for white men and white women; however, we find mixed results for black and Hispanic men and women. Notably, our findings cast doubt on earlier claims that the ACA would lead to large reductions in labor force participation and em...
Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry

Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry takes advantage of the increased resolution of the electron microscope to localize label to specific cellular organelles. Optical microscopes limit resolution to the wavelength of light, about 0.2 μm or 200 nm. The electron microscope has theoretical resolution of less than 0.2 nm. Practically for biological samples, resolution is limited to about 2 nm because of the epoxy resin embedding. Polymers in the epoxy resin scatter the electron beam and limit the resolution of cellular structures.
Does Today's FCC Have Sufficient Decision Making Throughput to Handle the 21st Century Spectrum Policy Workload?

Today’s FCC is not as well structured to handle the reality of its spectrum policy workload as the early Commission was and may not be even keeping up with workload. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that “triage” is a key issue in spectrum policy. That is the nontransparent decision to even address an issue is a major determinant of its outcome. This could be both deterring capital formation for new spectrum technology R&D as well as creating real risks for incumbent licensees since emerging interference issues that need rulemaking or nonroutine action are not getting resolved in a timely way.In 1934, the new FCC took a page from the structure of the ICC, one of its predecessors, and divided the then 7 commissioners into 3 “divisions” that could operate independently in the police areas of telephone, telegraph, and radio. There was no Administrative Procedures Act (“APA”) so rule deliberations were far simpler than today. The maximum frequency in routine use was 2 MHz and the modulation choices were just AM and radiotelegraphy. In the early days, a few of the commissioners had technical experience in spectrum issues.Today we have the APA and nearly 70 years of court decisions than make rulemaking much more complicated. We have 5 commissioners that only make decisions en banc with virtually no §5(c) delegation to staff on emerging issues. Allocations go to 275 GHz, but service rules have been stuck at a 95 GHz limit since 2003. The selection process for commissioners appears to be focused on nonspectrum and nontechnical issues.The result of all these factors is long drawn out deliberations on both new technology issues and on resolution of merging interference issues. While the US’ economic competitor nations often use “state capitalism” as a key issue in spectrum policy by subsidizing chosen new technologies and then cooperating to remove national and international spectrum policy limits for them, US entities in spectrum R&D often face both a lack of funding and an indifferent FCC (as well as NTIA - if access to G or G/NG spectrum is at issue).The paper looks at a variety of spectrum policy issues FCC had dealt with since 2000 and examine the delays involved and their impacts. The issues consider include new technology issues such as the TV White Space, the FWCC 43 GHz petition and the Battelle 105 GHz petition as well as emerging interference issues such as police radar detector/VSAT interference, cellular booster-related interference, and FM broadcast/700 MHz LTE interference. The time lines of such deliberations will be reviewed as well as the likely impact of these timelines on the business plans of FCC regulatees.Finally possible options to improve FCC throughput that are both feasible within existing legislation and consider approaches successfully used in foreign spectrum regulators will be discussed.
Small Molecules as Rotamers: Generation and Docking in RosettaLigand.

We introduce small molecule rotamers into the rotamer search protocol used in Rosetta to model small molecule flexibility in docking. Rosetta, a premier protein modeling suite, models side chain flexibility using discrete conformations observed in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We mimic this concept and build small molecule rotamers based on conformations from the Cambridge Structural Database. We evaluate to the small molecule rotamer generation protocol on a test set of 628 conformation,s taken from the PDBBind database, of small molecules with ≤ 6 rotable bonds. Our protocol generates ensembles in which the closest conformation is 0.45 ±0.31A RMSD from the crystallized conformation. Further, in a set of 21 small molecule protein complexes, 16 of 21 cases a native-like model was in the top 1 % of models by energy.
Mindfulness Meditation May Not Increase False-Memory and May Instead Protect from False-Memory Susceptibility

A recent study demonstrated that a single session of mindfulness meditation increased false memories using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. This purportedly resulted from mindfulness meditation inducing nonjudgmental observation of experience that contributed to failure to distinguish internally generated from externally presented information. We sought to replicate these results and extend them by warning half of the participants that the DRM task would elicit false memories. We hypothesized that we would see a lower incidence of false memories in the mindfulness induction–warning group consistent with previous findings regarding control of attention. In two experiments, we found results inconsistent with our hypotheses: in Experiment 1, the mindfulness induction did not lead to a greater number of false memories, nor did the warning interact with the induction; in Experiment 2, groups did not differ in the number of false memories, and the mindfulness meditation group significantly decreased false memories after the mindfulness induction. We propose that it may be too early to conclude that mindfulness meditation increases susceptibility to false memory.