cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic Materials-an Industry-Wide Problem

After a review of the reasons for the current emphasis on electronic materials, both in civilian industry and in the military, the government-area sponsored research and development program in this is reviewed and its basic objectives outlined. A brief discussion of probable long-term investigations in the area of electronic materials is followed by a listing of immediate materials requirements based on specific recommendations of qualified representatives of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Emphasis throughout the paper is directed at the need for close cooperation between industry and the military, and two procedures--one conventional and obvious, and the second of a less conventional nature--are proposed as avenues leading toward an improvement in the current materials situation.
Enabling requirements-based programming for highly-dependable complex parallel and distributed systems

The manual application of formal methods in system specification has produced successes, but in the end, despite any claims and assertions by practitioners, there is no provable relationship between a manually derived system specification or formal model and the customer's original requirements. Complex parallel and distributed systems present the worst case implications for today's dearth of viable approaches for achieving system dependability. No avenue other than formal methods constitutes a serious contender for resolving the problem, and so recognition of requirements-based programming has come at a critical juncture. We describe a new, NASA-developed automated requirements-based programming method that can be applied to certain classes of systems, including complex parallel and distributed systems, to achieve a high degree of dependability.
CourseRank: A Closed-Community Social System Through the Magnifying Glass

Social sites are extremely popular among users but user interactions in most sites revolve around relatively simple tasks, such as uploading resources, tagging and poking friends. We believe that social sites can go beyond simple interactions among individuals and offer valuable services to welldefined, closed, communities (e.g., an academic, corporate or scientific community). In this paper, we present an example of a closed-community social system, CourseRank, an educational and social site where Stanford students can explore course offerings and plan their academic program. We perform an analysis of 12 months worth of CourseRank data including user contributed information, such as ratings and comments, as well as information extracted from the user logs, and we analyze several aspects of user interactions and user-contributed content in the site, such as activity levels, user behavior and user content quality. Our findings provide useful insights with respect to the potential of closedcommunity social sites.
General chemistry: expanding the learning outcomes and promoting interdisciplinary connections through the use of a semester-long project.

The laboratory component of a first-semester general chemistry course for science majors is described. The laboratory involves a semester-long project undertaken in a small-group format. Students are asked to examine whether plants grown in soil contaminated with lead take up more lead than those grown in uncontaminated soil. They are also asked to examine whether the acidity of the rainwater affects the amount of lead taken up by the plants. Groups are then given considerable independence in the design and implementation of the experiment. Once the seeds are planted, which takes about 4 wk into the term, several shorter experiments are integrated in before it is time to harvest and analyze the plants. The use of a project and small working groups allows for the development of a broader range of learning outcomes than occurs in a “traditional” general chemistry laboratory. The nature of these outcomes and some of the student responses to the laboratory experience are described. This particular project also works well at demonstrating the connections among chemistry, biology, geology, and environmental studies.
Effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide on growth in children with asthma.

The decision to prescribe a medication long term to a child must be made with care because of possible detrimental effects on normal development. Current asthma guidelines advocate the use of inhaled corticosteroids in children with moderate or severe asthma (1,2). Corticosteroids administered systemically can impair linear growth (3,4) and height (5), possibly as a result of subnormal adrenal androgen and/or growth hormone (GH) production (6) and direct effects on bone and connective tissue growth (7). Although administering corticosteroids via inhalation is associated with fewer systemic effects compared with oral administration, there is recent evidence that consistent administration of inhaled corticosteroids can affect growth (8,9). The inhaled corticosteroids used most commonly in children with asthma are beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide. Following a brief review of mechanisms by which corticosteroids suppress growth, this article will summarise data pertaining to the effect of these two agents on growth in children with asthma.
Unraveling the fear of victimization among college women: Is the “shadow of sexual assault hypothesis” supported?

Using data on victimization from a national sample of college students, we replicated, refined, and extended Ferraro's models to test the “shadow of sexual assault” thesis and to explore factors that heightened women's age-specific fear of rape. We took into account temporal dimensions of crime-specific fear (during the day and at night) and used a domain-specific model. Overall, fear of rape among college women “shadowed” their fear of other personal crimes. Our age-specific results concerning college women's fear of rape largely mirrored Ferraro's results for women more generally. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A Mysterious Dispute Demystified: Sir George Fletcher vs. the Howards

'A mysterious dispute arose in Cumberland between the Earl of Carlisle, lord lieutenant, and Sir George Fletcher.' So wrote ProfessorJ. R. Western in I965 as he speculated that the matter stemmed from party conflicts in parliament at the time of the Exclusion Crisis.' While that had some bearing on the matter, the dispute can be understood more fully only by a study of county politics in Restoration Cumberland and Westmorland. The controversy originated around I679 between the earl's son, generally known by his courtesy title of Lord Morpeth (c. I646-92) and Sir George (I633-I700). At the time the earl, Charles Howard (I628-85), was in Jamaica as governor. When he returned to England in September i68o he sided with his son and became Sir George's principal antagonist. The dispute raged until I683, involving many prominent families and even the crown. It was an age of high drama in national affairs, including the continuing impact of the Popish Plot, the Exclusion Crisis, and a subsequent royalist revival. Leading historians have written at length about these national events and issues, but they have not looked carefully at politics at the county level during the Restoration.2 Neither have they perceived the close relationship of local politics and concerns to national questions.3
The efficacy of hospitalization of nonorganic failure-to-thrive children: a meta-analysis

This study ascertained the efficacy of hospitalization of children with nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT). A meta-analysis was performed on previously published research findings which met certain criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Two categories of outcome measures, physical growth pattern and psychosocial development, were quantitatively synthesized separately using standard meta-analytic techniques. Hospitalization was found to significantly enhance the probability of sustained catch-up physical growth among NOFTT children, but only a comparatively small effect size for hospitalization on their psychosocial development was documented. There remains need for prospective longitudinal study of effectiveness in treating NOFTT children. But meta-analysis is a powerful technique which introduces scientific rigor to the review of study results, none of which is singularly conclusive.
Auxin Metabolism in the Root Apical Meristem

Within the root meristem of flowering plants is a group of mitotically inactive cells designated the quiescent center (QC). Recent work links the quiescent state to high levels of the growth regulator auxin that accumulates in the QC via polar transport. This in turn results in elevated levels of the enzyme ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), resulting in a reduction of ascorbic acid (AA) within the QC and mitotic quiescence. We present evidence for additional interactions between auxin, AAO, and AA, and report that, in vitro, AAO oxidatively decarboxylates auxin, suggesting a mechanism for regulating auxin levels within the QC. We also report that oxidative decarboxylation occurs at the root tip and that an intact root cap must be present for this metabolic event to occur. Finally, we consider how interaction between auxin and AAO may influence root development by regulating the formation of the QC.
Intestinal digestion, absorption, and transport of structured triglycerides and cholesterol in rats

We compared the intestinal absorption of trilinolein (1,2,3-tri-[1-14C]linoleyl-sn-glycerol) with two different structured triglycerides containing one linoleic acid (C18:2) and two octanoic acids (C8:0), 1,3-dioctanoyl-2-[1-14C]linoleyl-sn-glycerol (2-linoleate) and 1,2-di[1-14C]octanoyl-3-linoleyl-sn-glycerol (1,2-octanoate), respectively. Lymphatic radioactive lipid output of 2-linoleate resembled that of trilinolein rats but remained significantly lower during the lipid infusion. Radioactive lipid was recovered along the entire small intestinal lumen, with a significantly higher amount of [14C]lipid recovered in the lower small intestine and cecum in the 2-linoleate group. Delayed uptake of radioactive 2-linoleate was not due to poor digestion. In contrast, 1,2-octanoate was efficiently digested, and both the free fatty acid (FFA) and the monoacylglycerol (MG) containing octanoate were rapidly absorbed. Irrespective of its position on the triglyceride molecule, 14C-labeled octanoate was poorly transported into lymph. In addition, intestinal luminal and mucosal recovery of [14C]octanoate was significantly lower in the 1,2-octanoate group compared with [14C]linoleate recovery in the 2-linoleate or trilinolein groups. Total recovery of infused radioactive lipid was significantly less in the 1,2-octanoate group than in the 2-linoleate or trilinolein groups. Thus radioactive octanoate in the form of FFA or 2-MG was rapidly absorbed and transported via the portal vein. The infusion of either 2-linoleate or 1,2-octanoate did not affect the absorption and lymphatic transport of cholesterol compared with trilinolein. In summary, the type of the fatty acid on the structured triglyceride molecule affects its digestion, absorption, and lymphatic transport. Structured triglycerides containing octanoic acid in the 1- and 3-positions and linoleic acid in the 2-position may not be advantageous to use as a sole source of dietary lipid, but should be supplemented with long-chain triglycerides.
Single Plane Angiography: Current Applications And Limitations

Technical errors in measurement of one plane cineangiography are identified. Examples of angiographic estimates of left ventricular geometry are given. These estimates of contractility are useful in evaluating myocardial performance.
Reliability Testing for Hostile Environments

To insure the reliable operation of electronic components under the different environmental conditions encountered in the field, IBM has established an environmental reliability program. The intent of this program is to first simulate field conditions and then to develop. accelerating laboratory conditions. This paper deals with the required hostile environment engineering. Emphasis is placed on simulation techniques, environmental guidelines and types of degradation mechanisms which could result in equipment malfunction. The experimental dosages are based on the concentration range of gases and particulates which are present in polluted city atmospheres. The requirements. and considerations used in designing and choosing simulation systems will be briefly discussed. The requirements include the ability to vary the dosing concentration by at least three orders of magnitude in the parts per million-parts per billion range, and to use 'in situ' pure gas dilution rather than prediluted gas mixtures. An additional requirement is to use as many as six or more dopant gases. These requirements and the difficulties inherent in simulation systems have caused us to adopt certain design criteria. These include dynamic mode of operation rather than a static mode, as well as a modular dosing technique. This dynamic mode of operation permits on-line concentration adjustments and periodic or semi-continuous automatic monitoring. The dosing technique used allows us to use two dosing devices - permeation tubes and a dynamic serial dilution device as building blocks for achieving multi-gas dilution over a wide concentration range.
The Basic Concepts of Algebraic Logic

(1956). The Basic Concepts of Algebraic Logic. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 363-387.
In-line separation by capillary electrophoresis prior to analysis by top-down mass spectrometry enables sensitive characterization of protein complexes.

Intact protein analysis via top-down mass spectrometry (MS) provides a bird’s eye view over the protein complexes and complex protein mixtures with the unique capability of characterizing protein variants, splice isoforms, and combinatorial post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here we applied capillary electrophoresis (CE) through a sheathless CE–electrospray ionization interface coupled to an LTQ Velos Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer to analyze the Dam1 complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We achieved a 100-fold increase in sensitivity compared to a reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled MS analysis of recombinant Dam1 complex with a total loading of 2.5 ng (12 amol). N-terminal processing forms of individual subunits of the Dam1 complex were observed as well as their phosphorylation stoichiometry upon Mps1p kinase treatment.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives on Au(111): Organization and Electrical Properties†

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by dissymmetric tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives on gold (111) are prepared, and the structural and electrical properties have been studied. The TTFs are united to the metal through two S−Au bonds while the other “end” bears two long alkyl chains. Observations based on a combination of surface characterization techniques including ellipsometry, FTIR, contact angle, STM, and AFM suggest that these monolayers are disordered or at least loosely packed in the lateral dimensions. Conduction through these molecular SAMs is remarkably high given that the length of the “insulating” alkyl chains attached to the TTF unit is on the order of 15−20 A, a situation that arises in part from the tilted orientation of the molecules with respect to the surface and the loosely packed structure of the alkyl chains. Currents rivaling those in conjugated candidate “molecular wires” such as carotene dithiols and oligo-phenylene-ethynylenes are observed. The resistance of a single molec...
Resistance Risk Assessment for Single and Multiple Insecticides: Responses of Indianmeal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis

Criteria for comparing the risk of resistance development among single insecticides and between mixtures and sequences of two insecticides are described. The rate of development of resistance to an insecticide is proportional to the population’s heritability (h2) of resistance to that insecticide. When cross-resistance is absent, a sequence of two insecticides is expected to be more durable than a mixture unless the population’s h2 of resistance to the mixture is less than half of the mean of the population’s h2 of resistance to the two individual components of the mixture. We applied these criteria to II previously reported selection experiments with the biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), a major pest of stored grain. The risk of resistance development did not differ significantly between the HD-1 strain of B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki and three other strains (HD-112, HD-133, and HD-198) of B. thuringiensis . Significant declines in realized h2 of resistance during individual selection experiments suggest that the initial frequency of resistance alleles was much higher than previously assumed. Our analysis also suggests that a mixture of HD-1 + HD-133 would not slow resistance development compared with a sequence of HD-1 followed by HD-133. Rapid evolution of resistance to the mixture of HD-1 + HD-133, which contained at least six different toxins, contradicts the claim that multiple toxins prevent or greatly retard resistance development.
WILDLIFE HEALTH AND PUBLIC TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES FOR WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Abstract A significant development in wildlife management is the mounting concern of wildlife professionals and the public about wildlife health and diseases. Concurrently, the wildlife profession is reexamining implications of managing wildlife populations as a public trust and the concomitant obligation to ensure the quality (i.e., health) and sustainability of wildlife. It is an opportune time to emphasize the importance of wildlife health, specifically to advocate for comprehensive and consistent integration of wildlife health in wildlife management. We summarize application of public trust ideas in wildlife population management in the US. We argue that wildlife health is essential to fulfilling public trust administration responsibilities with respect to wildlife, due to the central responsibility of trustees for ensuring the well-being of wildlife species (i.e., the core resources of the trust). Because both health of wildlife and risk perceptions regarding threats posed by wildlife disease to huma...
Evaluation of Himawari-8 AHI geospatial calibration accuracy using SNPP VIIRS SNO data

Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) is the first in the series of next-generation geostationary (GEO) weather instruments. It has 16 spectral solar reflective and emissive bands located in three focal plane modules (FPM): one visible and near-infrared (VNIR) FPM, one midwave infrared (MWIR) FPM, and one longwave infrared (LWIR) FPM. All the AHI bands are geo-spatially calibrated to provide continuous environmental measurements from the Asian-Pacific area for the weather forecasting, disaster monitoring, and longterm climatic change studies. This study is to evaluate the navigation and co-registration accuracies of three AHI bands at the three FPMs using the simultaneous nadir observations (SNO) of Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) I-band images. The preliminary results showed that the mean navigation difference between the two instruments is within 0.5 AHI pixels at 2km spatial resolution. The AHI band-to-band co-registration (BBR) difference between the two thermal bands is generally less than 0.2 pixels, better than the BBR between the VNIR and IR bands which ranges between 0.2 to 0.7 pixels during the study period.
Spectral reflectance features with varied soil properties during drying process

Spectral water absorption reflectance features of soils are examined with respect to their relationship to soil water content. Three soil samples, selected to represent a variety of soil properties, were monitored as the samples progressed from fully saturated to air dry. Two water absorption band features in SWIR were observed and selected as metric to relate water content changes. Counterintuitively, band depth did not decrease monotonically during the whole drying process. Although the change in water absorption band depths with water content varied with the soil type, all curves could be represented by several linear segments that related to similar drying states independent of soil properties.
Impact of Periconceptional Exposure to Phthalates on Pregnancy, Birth, and Neonatal Outcomes

The purpose of this review was to evaluate recent available evidence on exposure to phthalates during pregnancy and the immediate periconceptional period and the health effects in the mother and offspring during the peripartum period. Articles were included if they included biospecimen-based exposure assessment and consideration of quantifiable health effects in either the mother or the offspring. Outcome assessment variables were indicators of fetal growth and indicators of hormonal effects—including genital endpoints and pregnancy duration. The studies reviewed provided inconsistent and weak evidence of relationships between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and these outcomes. Some trends emerged involving high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and genital endpoints, including anogenital distance and male genital anomalies, particularly with the metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Some evidence implicated high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of thyroid and immune function. Results surrounding fetal growth were mixed and varied by metabolite, infant gender, time of exposure ascertainment, and parent exposed. Difficulties with exposure assessment likely limit the findings. All reviewed studies relied on between one and three exposure measurements, constraining reliability of results and knowledge regarding gestational windows of development. Additionally, the difficulty of applying standardized methodology in the measurement of anogenital distance restricts the weight that can be placed on findings across studies.
Hardy-Type Spaces Arising from a Vector-Valued Cauchy Kernel

An integral formula of Cauchy type was recently developed that reproduces any continuous \(f:\overline{{\mathbb {B}}} \rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}^n\) that is holomorphic in the open unit ball \({\mathbb {B}}\) of \({\mathbb {C}}^n\) using a fixed vector-valued kernel and the scalar expression \(\langle f(u),u \rangle \), where \(u\in \partial {\mathbb {B}}\) and \(\langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle \) is the Hermitian inner product in \({\mathbb {C}}^n\), which is key to defining the numerical range of f. We consider Hardy-type spaces associated with this vector-valued kernel. In particular, we introduce spaces of vector-valued holomorphic mappings properly containing the vector-valued Hardy spaces that are reproduced through the process described above and isomorphic spaces of scalar-valued non-holomorphic functions that satisfy many of the familiar properties of Hardy space functions. In the spirit of providing a straightforward introduction to these spaces, proof techniques have been kept as elementary as possible. In particular, the theory of maximal functions and singular integrals is avoided.
Working memory and attentional bias on reinforcing efficacy of food

Reinforcing efficacy of food, or the relationship between food prices and purchasing, is related to obesity status and energy intake in adults. Determining how to allocate resources for food is a decision making process influenced by executive functions. Attention to appetitive cues, as well as working memory capacity, or the ability to flexibly control attention while mentally retaining information, may be important executive functions involved in food purchasing decisions. In two studies, we examined how attention bias to food and working memory capacity are related to reinforcing efficacy of both high energy-dense and low energy-dense foods. The first study examined 48 women of varying body mass index (BMI) and found that the relationship between attentional processes and reinforcing efficacy was moderated by working memory capacity. Those who avoid food cues and had high working memory capacity had the lowest reinforcing efficacy, as compared to those with low working memory capacity. Study 2 systematically replicated the methods of study 1 with assessment of maintained attention in a sample of 48 overweight/obese adults. Results showed the relationship between maintained attention to food cues and reinforcing efficacy was moderated by working memory capacity. Those with a maintained attention to food and high working memory capacity had higher reinforcing efficacy than low working memory capacity individuals. These studies suggest working memory capacity moderated the relationship between different aspects of attention and food reinforcement. Understanding how decision making process are involved in reinforcing efficacy may help to identify future intervention targets.
Laps or lengths? The effects of different exercise programs on asthma control in children

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Exercise training has been shown in numerous studies to improve lung function and asthma control in children with asthma. Swimming has been shown to be of benefit in children with asthma, but which form of exercise is better for asthmatics has not been determined to date. The aim of this study was to examine if swimming improved lung function and asthma symptoms in asthmatic children when compared with different forms of exercise and a control group. Methods: Subjects with asthma were randomly assigned to either one of three different exercise training groups (swimming, football, and basketball) or a control group. Spirometry was performed before and after and the subjects were asked to keep asthma diaries and perform daily peak flow measurements. Results: 41 children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 16 participated in the study. After completing the training, children across all three exercise programs had significantly higher forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage values w...
Self-Assembly of Mesophases from Nanoparticles

A growing number of crystalline and quasi-crystalline structures have been formed by coating nanoparticles with ligands, polymers, and DNA. The design of nanoparticles that assemble into mesophases, such as those formed by block copolymers, would combine the order, mobility, and stimuli responsive properties of mesophases with the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of nanoparticles. Here we use molecular simulations to demonstrate that binary mixtures of unbound particles with simple short-ranged pair interactions produce the same mesophases as block copolymers and surfactants, including lamellar, hexagonal, gyroid, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, perforated lamellar, and semicrystalline phases. The key to forming the mesophases is the frustrated attraction between particles of different types, achieved through control over interparticle size and over strength and softness of the interaction. Experimental design of nanoparticles with effective interactions described by the potentials of this work would provide a distinct, robust route to produce ordered tunable liquid crystalline mesophases from nanoparticles.
How the System for Academic Promotion Works

The process for academic promotion, including establishing the criteria for each academic rank and track, is governed by formal policies and procedures that should be strictly enforced, to protect applicants, reviewers, and the institution. The process differs by school but usually involves review at several levels in the institution. Reviews are conducted by both committees and senior administrators. Evidence of achievements are assessed from several perspectives including peers from other disciplines and external reviewers to facilitate a balanced and unbiased assessment. Each applicant must be assured a fair, objective, and thorough review. At each stage, the outcome must be supported by well-documented evidence. The final decision may take months and require approval from the governing board or highest administrative levels of the parent university. Applicants generally have the right of appeal, but the basis of appeals may be restricted to demonstrating flaws in the process, rather than the merits of decisions. The associate dean for faculty affairs (or equivalent) is responsible for the functioning and integrity of the process. Recommended best practices stress clarity and consistency in standards, procedures, and decisions, objectivity and candor in evaluations, and professional behavior by all involved in the promotion process.
Association between dietary pattern scores and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma considering population subgroups.

Aim The purpose of the current study is to examine the dietary patterns in a diverse cohort of individuals and to see if the identified dietary patterns predict the prevalence of adenoma in a cross-sectional study. Methods Factor analysis was used to derive both sex- and population subgroup-specific dietary patterns among participants in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between identified factor scores and colorectal adenoma (CRA) in sex-specific subgroups. Results Three diet patterns were observed in this cohort: 'Fruits and vegetables', 'Western' and 'Sweet and salty'. Foods that loaded on each factor were similar between the racial subgroups. In men, being in the highest quintile of 'Western' dietary scores was associated with higher odds of any (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.42), advanced (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.07-1.63) or multiple (>1; aOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.17-1.94) adenoma, compared to those in the lowest quintile. These results were most notably seen in Caucasian men. In women, having a 'Fruits and vegetable' score in the highest quintile was associated with lower odds of multiple adenoma (>1; aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.28-1.00). Conclusions Of the three dietary factors, the 'Western' diet pattern was most strongly associated with prevalent CRA in Caucasian men. Further research is needed to examine the association between dietary factor scores and adenomas in the proximal colon, where there are larger racial disparities in prevalence.
Decarboxylative sp 3 C–N coupling via dual copper and photoredox catalysis

Over the past three decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of methods to construct sp2 carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds using palladium, copper or nickel catalysis1,2. However, the incorporation of alkyl substrates to form sp3 C-N bonds remains one of the major challenges in the field of cross-coupling chemistry. Here we demonstrate that the synergistic combination of copper catalysis and photoredox catalysis can provide a general platform from which to address this challenge. This cross-coupling system uses naturally abundant alkyl carboxylic acids and commercially available nitrogen nucleophiles as coupling partners. It is applicable to a wide variety of primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids (through iodonium activation), as well as a vast array of nitrogen nucleophiles: nitrogen heterocycles, amides, sulfonamides and anilines can undergo C-N coupling to provide N-alkyl products in good to excellent efficiency, at room temperature and on short timescales (five minutes to one hour). We demonstrate that this C-N coupling protocol proceeds with high regioselectivity using substrates that contain several amine groups, and can also be applied to complex drug molecules, enabling the rapid construction of molecular complexity and the late-stage functionalization of bioactive pharmaceuticals.
Abstract 3: Association of Video- vs. Text-Based Informed Consent With Multicenter Registry Enrollment

Background: Low patient participation in clinical research undermines the generalizability of findings. Conducting informed consent by video rather than a traditional text format may enhance the appeal of research and break down barriers to participation. Methods: The Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management (PALM) Registry enrolled patients at U.S. cardiology, endocrinology, and primary care clinics to evaluate cholesterol management practices. PALM investigators developed an iPad-based video informed consent tool that included video segments totaling 8 minutes which patients navigated though a “game-ified” interface. At sites whose IRB did not approve the video tool, participants read a 6-page text consent form on the iPad. Characteristics of sites and site activation times were compared between sites that did and did not use the video consent tool using Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test for continuous variables. Results: Of 140 sites that enrolled 7904 patients in PALM, 60 (42.9%) used the video informed consent tool. Compared with sites using text consent, sites using the video consent tool were more often rural (16.7 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.01) and used a central IRB (91.7 vs. 80.0%, p = 0.06). Sites using video consent enrolled a greater proportion of patients who were ≥ 75 years old (27.5 vs. 23.6%, p Figure ). Median (IQR) enrollment was 33 (12, 98) patients at sites using video consent versus 24 (12, 86) at sites using text consent only (p = 0.54); there was also no significant difference in median weekly enrollment rate (2.9 [1.1, 7.5] vs. 2.8 [1.3, 6.6], p = 0.73). Conclusions: In this early experience with video consent in a multicenter registry, availability of video informed consent was associated with greater enrollment of older and non-white patients, faster speed to first patient enrolled, and numerically but not significantly more rapid enrollment compared with text informed consent.
Liaison Psychiatry: Of Approaches and Ways of Thinking About Behavior

Liaison is derivative from consultation psychiatry and may be viewed as the process through which the interrelationships sought by psychosomatic medicine are identified, formulated, clinically tested, and transmitted to those in other areas of medicine. A comprehensive approach to the understanding of illness, its development, onset, and phases of treatment is centrol. Beginning with the patient, its focus extends to the milieu in which the patient is treated.
Multisensor Micro-Arrays Based on Metal Oxide Nanowires for Electronic Nose Applications

During the last decade, quasi-1D metal oxide nanostructures were proven to be a promising material platform to design new gas sensing elements. This chapter surveys the recent developments of the analytical devices based on multisensor arrays made of metal oxide nanowires. We briefly discuss the advantages and challenges of electronic noses and the major milestones of their development. We show that evolution of the nanowire based electronic noses follows the same trends: from fabrication of the devices based on discrete nanowires to creation of integrated systems made of nanowire mats and finally realization of a monolithic sensor array made from a single nanowire. The parameters and performance of such analytical systems is reviewed and fabrication protocols are discussed.
Resolution of Supraventricular Arrhythmia Using Sotalol in an Adult Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) with Presumed Atherosclerosis

Abstract A 19-year-old male golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) presented for an abnormal heart rhythm on auscultation. An electrocardiogram was performed on the patient and demonstrated frequent supraventricular premature complexes. While an echocardiogram on the same patient revealed marked systolic dysfunction of the severely enlarged left ventricle as well as severely enlarged left atrium. No clinical evidence of left-sided congestive heart failure was noted. Treatment with isoxsuprine and atenolol was initiated. After 2 weeks, no significant changes were appreciable on repeat examination. The medical therapy was modified to isoxsuprine, sotalol, and pimobendan. Following 4 weeks of the new treatment plan, chamber sizes of the left ventricle and atrium were reduced, and the cardiac rhythm had converted to a normal rhythm. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) was conducted and identified substantial narrowing of the internal diameter of the right brachiocephalic artery. Fifteen months after initial diagnosis, the patient continues to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, normal cardiac size, and appropriate systolic function of the left ventricle despite no changes observed in the right brachiocephalic arterial diameter on repeat CTA. This case report demonstrates the therapeutic potential of sotalol at 1 mg/kg PO BID for the treatment of supraventricular premature complexes and a diagnostic utility of CTA for the case of suspected atherosclerosis.
Featured Article: Technology Use and Sleep in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives This study used a multi-informant approach to examine differences in types and rates of technology used by adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associations between technology use and sleep/daytime sleepiness, and whether technology use was differentially related to sleep/daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD. Methods Eighth graders with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited. Adolescents completed questionnaires assessing time spent using technology, sleep-wake problems, school-night time in bed, and daytime sleepiness. Parents and teachers reported on adolescents' technology use and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Results Adolescents with ADHD had significantly greater total technology, television/movie viewing, video game, and phone/video chatting use than adolescents without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD engaged in twice as much daily video game use compared to those without ADHD (61 vs. 31 min). Controlling for medication use, ADHD status, pubertal development, sex, and internalizing symptoms, greater parent- and adolescent-reported technology use was associated with more sleep-wake problems and less time in bed. ADHD status did not moderate the relations between technology use and these sleep parameters. In contrast, ADHD status moderated the association between parent-reported technology use and teacher-reported daytime sleepiness, such that this association was significant only for adolescents with ADHD. Conclusions Technology use, although more prevalent in adolescents with ADHD, is linked with more sleep problems and reduced school-night sleep duration regardless of ADHD status. Technology use is associated with teacher-rated daytime sleepiness only in adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should consider technology usage when assessing and treating sleep problems.
Marine subsidies likely cause gigantism of iguanas in the Bahamas.

We utilized natural experiment opportunities presented by differential conditions (presence/absence of seabirds and invasive species) on cays in the Bahamas to study whether interisland variations in food resources contributed to gigantism in Allen Cays Rock Iguanas (Cyclura cychlura inornata). We analyzed the stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values from iguana tissues and resources from each island food web to test the predictions that (1) food webs on islands with seabirds exhibit the influence of marine subsidies from seabird guano, whereas those from non-seabird islands do not, and (2) size differences in iguanas among cays were due to either (a) supplemental food availability from mice and/or seabird carcasses killed by barn owls (Tyto alba) and/or (b) access to more nutrient-rich vegetation fertilized by seabird guano. Food web components from the seabird island (Allen Cay) had 5-9‰ higher δ15N values than those on the other cays and Allen Cay plants contained nearly two times more nitrogen. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models indicated that C3 plants dominated iguana diets on all islands and showed no evidence for consumption of mice or shearwaters. The iguanas on Allen Cay were ~ 2 times longer (48.3 ± 11.6 cm) and ~ 6 times heavier (5499 ± 2847 g) than iguanas on other cays and this was likely from marine-derived subsidies from seabird guano which caused an increase in nitrogen concentration in the plants and a resultant increase in the δ15N values across the entire food web relative to non-seabird islands.
Multidetector CT of Laryngeal Injuries: Principles of Injury Recognition

Blunt laryngeal trauma is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, owing to their relatively rare occurrence, laryngeal injuries may be missed or underdiagnosed. Even subtle abnormalities at multidetector CT may correspond to significant functional abnormalities. It is important to understand normal CT laryngeal anatomy and develop a systematic review of the cervical soft tissues and laryngeal skeleton in patients who undergo screening CT cervical spine or other neck examinations in the setting of trauma, such as CT angiography. Multidetector CT findings of the normal larynx are reviewed, and blunt laryngeal injuries including soft-tissue edema, hematoma, mucosal lacerations, cartilage fracture, cricoarytenoid dislocation, and vocal fold paralysis are presented. The radiologist plays an important role in diagnosis and may be the first to identify laryngeal injuries that are not evident at physical examination. This article reviews normal laryngeal anatomy, presents various blunt laryngeal injuries at multidetector CT with case examples, discusses the role of multidetector CT in acute management, and describes pitfalls of diagnosis. ©RSNA, 2019.
Thermophysical properties of the lanthanide sesquisulfides. II. Schottky contributions and magnetic and electronic properties of y·phase Pr2S3, Tb253, and DY253

Heat-capacity measurements by adiabatic equilibrium calorimetry are reported for y-phase Pr2S3, Tb2S3, and DY2S3 between 5 and 350 K. Highly purified samples were prepared and their composition verified by chemical analysis. Precision lattice parameters were determined for each compound and are compared with literature values. The total heat capacity has been resolved into lattice, magnetic, and Schottky components by a volumetric approach. The experimental Schottky contributions accord with the calculated curves based on the crystal­ field splitting of the 2S+ ILJ ground state of the lanthanide ions occupying sites ofS4 symmetry in the Th3P 4 lattice. The individual crystal-field electronic energy levels have been obtained in part from an analysis of the hot-band data observed in the absorption spectra ofPrzS3, Tb2S3 , and DY2S3' and from a calculated splitting in which the crystal-field parameters Bkm , were determined from a lattice-sum calculation. Molar thermodynamic properties are reported for all three compounds. The entropy at 298.15 K {SO - SO (7 K)}, is 22.78R, 22.93R, and 23.36R, for y-phase Pr2S3' Tb2S3 , and DY2S3' respectively.
Clinical Contributions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

The emergence of a psychoanalytic ego psychology secured a firm place in clinical diagnosis for the Wechsler Scales and solidified the substantial efforts already begun in exploring the nonintellective aspects of intelligence. The Wechsler Scales were well suited to the ego-psychological program to provide an integrated theory of personality organization that would include normal as well as abnormal activity, that would include not only the expression of wishes and fears associated with varying psychosexual levels but also the individual’s various skills, aptitudes, and achievements and his processes of perceiving, conceptualizing, remembering, and judging. If the major task of projective testing until then was to probe into the lower depths of personality, into highly personalized fantasies and imagery, the task now also included the more “surface” aspects of personality, and aimed to provide a “general psychology.” Various assets or functions which until then had been exclusively the province of a cognitive psychology of normal persons now became of increased interest and were systematized into a broad theory. And, in particular, it was the development of ego psychology that supplied the basis for this broad theory, beginning with Hartmann’s conceptualization of structures of primary or secondary autonomy, structures, that is, which either are relatively free of drives and conflicts from the outset or develop that way over time (Hartmann, 1958).
Repensando o sujeito da práxis

The emergence of a global economy and culture means that critical theorists and activists within education and social movements have to think beyond the framework of the national. Familiar ideas for progressives, including class struggle and racism, have to be rethought in terms of the global. In addition, theorists must consider how emerging social movements against neoliberalism and neoimperialism can be connected, theoretically and practically, to each other, as well as to traditional working class struggles against exploitation. This essay considers what conception of a global oppositional subject can serve as the link between these various forms of resistance. In this regard, the paper explores the usefulness and limitations of two different approaches to radical theory and action in the present: Paulo Freire’s conceptualization of praxis in education and society in terms of the struggle between “oppressor” and “oppressed,” and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s concept of “multitude” as the name for a new global democratic subject. On the basis of this investigation, I propose my own framework for understanding oppositional movement in the context of globalization. This original framework makes territorialization and situatedness, at the global scale, the substantive content of a revolutionary class identification
Air pollution: the emergence of a major global health risk factor

Air pollution is now recognized by governments, international institutions and civil society as a major global public health risk factor. This is the result of the remarkable growth of scientific knowledge enabled by advances in epidemiology and exposure assessment. There is now a broad scientific consensus that exposure to air pollution increases mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular and respiratory disease and lung cancer and shortens life expectancy. Although air pollution has markedly declined in high-income countries, it was still responsible for some 4.9 million deaths in 2017, largely in low- and middle-income countries, where air pollution has increased over the past 25 y. As governments act to reduce air pollution there is a continuing need for research to strengthen the evidence on disease risk at very low and very high levels of air pollution, identify the air pollution sources most responsible for disease burden and assess the public health effectiveness of actions taken to improve air quality.
Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites

Borate bioactive glass 13-93B3 converts into an osteoconductive hydroxyapatite-like material in a liquid medium. In this study, 13-93B3 was incorporated into a commercial PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) bone cement, and the conversion of the glass into a precipitate in solution was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (spectroscopy)-attenuated total reflection, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Glass particles of 5, 33, and 100 μm diameter were each mixed with the PMMA cement to create 20, 30, and 40% glass-loaded composites. Precipitate formation was found to be a calcium-deficient apatite partially substituted with magnesium ions that resembles native bone material and would ideally encourage bone growth better than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. Composites of bone cement and 13-93B3 show promise as a means of encouraging bone attachment to the surface of the bone cement.
The Weberian Presuppositional Analytic

This article offers an account of a conceptual framework in Max Weber’s writings offering leverage on empirical, normative, and theoretical questions. Weber relied on the notion of Voraussetzung—pr...