cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia [MEN] 2A, 2B and familial medullary thyroid cancer [FMTC] by multiplex PCR and heteroduplex analyses of RET proto-oncogene mutations.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 [MEN 2] is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome with two subtypes, 2A and 2B. MEN 2A and medullary thyroid cancer [MTC] are caused by >25 different point mutations in exons 10, 11, and 13 of the RET proto-oncogene, whereas MEN 2B is caused by a single exon 16-point mutation. Various molecular methods have been used to identify the different mutations, including DNA sequencing, restriction enzymatic analyses, chemical cleavage mismatch, Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism [SSCP], and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis [DGGE]. These techniques, although useful and accurate, are labor intensive and some involve the use of radioactivity. We have developed a multiplex PCR assay simultaneously to amplify exons 10, 11, and 13 of the RET proto-oncogene. The multiplex PCR product is then analyzed on a modified Mutation Detection Enhancement [MDE] matrix for heteroduplex identification and visualized with ethidium bromide. Distinct heteroduplexes were detected for each known RET proto-oncogene mutation available in our laboratory (nine in exon 10, five in exon 11, one in exon 13, and the single exon 16 mutation). Presymptomatic DNA diagnosis of MEN 2 is essential since pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin studies can occasionally produce false positive results and lead to unnecessary thyroidectomies. Prophylactic thyroidectomy is recommended by age 5 or 6 once a mutation is identified in a patient, since penetrance is very high. MDE heteroduplex detection provides a quick, efficient, and inexpensive method of screening for RET mutations in MTC patients with unknown mutations, or for presymptomatic diagnosis in individuals at risk for inheriting a known RET mutation. Confirmation of the specific mutation can be achieved by restriction enzymatic digestion (if feasible) or by DNA sequencing. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FACTORS AFFECTING DETERMINATION OF SUBGRADE WATER CONTENT FROM MULTISEGMENT TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY PROBES

Multisegment time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes are an attractive alternative to single-segment probes when used for the in situ measurement of water content changes in pavement systems. Because several independent measurements are made along the length of the multisegment probe, these instruments offer several advantages over the more traditional TDR probes. These include the ability to obtain measurements over a greater volume of soil, the ability to install the probe into relatively undisturbed soils, and the redundancy provided by multiple measurements from the same instrument. However, because of the difference in signal strength along the probe, all segments do not provide the same level of accuracy. Several factors that must be considered when using these probes are discussed, including the sources of measurement error and the temperature dependence of the measurements in some segments. A method is described by which the results from lower accuracy segments can be used when higher accuracy segments fail during service, taking advantage of the redundancy provided by multisegment probes. The method is demonstrated on data from a site from which over 4 years of continuous water content measurements have been obtained.
User centered design of a hybrid-reality display for weld monitoring

We present a current multi-study process aimed at developing a hybrid-reality display for use in remote welding. Results from an initial user study and applied cognitive task analysis are discussed along with possible future development directions.
Control of luminescence in phengodid beetles

Abstract Luminescence control in four rare species of phengodid beetles was investigated. Behavioural evidence suggests that Phrixothrix, Stenophrixothrix , and Diplocladon light organs are neurally controlled whereas those of Phengodes are not. Light organs on isolated body segments of Phrixothrix and Stenophrixothrix responded to electrical stimulation by luminescing. These two species exhibited a post-anoxic pseudoflash response similar to that of lampyrid beetles whose light organs are neurally controlled. Application of noradrenaline (5 × 10 −5 M) or amphetamine (5 × 10 −3 M) to Phrixothrix light organs produced luminescence. Brief electrical stimulation during eserine treatment (5 × 10 −4 M) produced fluctuating, long-lasting luminescence, but only if the segmental ganglia were left intact. The light organs of Phengodes did not respond significantly to drugs or to electrical stimulation, indicating again that this genus does not have neural control of light organs.
Infection with MERS-CoV Causes Lethal Pneumonia in the Common Marmoset

The availability of a robust disease model is essential for the development of countermeasures for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV has been established, the lack of uniform, severe disease in this model complicates the analysis of countermeasure studies. Modeling of the interaction between the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein and its receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 predicted comparable interaction energies in common marmosets and humans. The suitability of the marmoset as a MERS-CoV model was tested by inoculation via combined intratracheal, intranasal, oral and ocular routes. Most of the marmosets developed a progressive severe pneumonia leading to euthanasia of some animals. Extensive lesions were evident in the lungs of all animals necropsied at different time points post inoculation. Some animals were also viremic; high viral loads were detected in the lungs of all infected animals, and total RNAseq demonstrated the induction of immune and inflammatory pathways. This is the first description of a severe, partially lethal, disease model of MERS-CoV, and as such will have a major impact on the ability to assess the efficacy of vaccines and treatment strategies as well as allowing more detailed pathogenesis studies.
Reconstruct versus read-modify writes in RAID

RAID5 (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disk level 5) is a popular paradigm, which uses parity to protect against single disk failures. A major shortcoming of RAID5 is the small write penalty, i.e., the cost of updating parity when a data block is modified. Read-modify writes and reconstruct writes are alternative methods for updating small data and parity blocks. We use a queuing formulation to determine conditions under which one method outperforms the other. Our analysis shows that in the case of RAID6 and more generally disk arrays with k check disks tolerating k disk failures, RCW outperforms RMW for higher values of N and G. We note that clustered RAID and variable scope of parity protection methods favor reconstruct writes. A dynamic scheme to determine the more desirable policy based on the availability of appropriate cached blocks is proposed.
Effect of Tillage Systems and Rainfall Patterns on Atrazine Distribution in Soil

High variability of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5 triazine) residues in soil and shallow groundwater have been reported under various agricultural management systems. This 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate atrazine residue levels in soil as influenced by no-till (NT) vs. conventional-till (CT) under natural rainfall conditions. Atrazine was applied annually (at 1.34 kg/ha), 1 d after corn (Zea mays L.) planting, to two NT and two CT plots (...)
Functional γ-secretase complex assembly in Golgi/trans-Golgi network: interactions among presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, Pen-2, and γ-secretase substrates

Abstract γ-Secretase is a proteolytic complex whose substrates include Notch, β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), and several other type I transmembrane proteins. Presenilin (PS) and nicastrin are known components of this high-molecular-weight complex, and recent genetic screens in invertebrates have identified two additional gene products, Aph1 and Pen-2, as key factors in γ-secretase activity. Here, we examined the interaction of the components of the γ-secretase complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human forms of APP, PS1, Aph1, and Pen-2. Subcellular fractionation of membrane vesicles and subsequent coimmunoprecipitation of individual γ-secretase components revealed that interactions among all proteins occurred in the Golgi/ trans -Golgi network (TGN) compartments. Furthermore, incubation of the Golgi/TGN-enriched vesicles resulted in de novo generation of amyloid β-protein and APP intracellular domain. Immunofluorescent staining of the individual γ-secretase components supported our biochemical evidence that the γ-secretase components assemble into the proteolytically active γ-secretase complex in the Golgi/TGN compartment.
Analysis of third order contributions to equations of motion—green's function ionization potentials: Application to N2

Abstract Green's function—equations of motion methods have been successfully used to calculate excitation energies, ionization potentials, and electron affmit
Temperature during embryonic and juvenile development influences growth in hatchling snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina

Embryonic temperature influenced subsequent growth in juvenile snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina: incubation temperatures of 24 and 26.5°C enhanced growth relative to a temperature of 29°C. Although embryonic temperature normally determines gonadal sex in this species, experimental manipulations revealed that temperature effects on growth were independent of sex. Ambient temperature also affected growth: juvenile turtles grew slowly in a cool (19°C) versus a warm (28°C) environment. In a parallel experiment, turtles from different embryonic temperatures displayed different patterns of temperature choice in response to nutritional status or time of day. We tentatively conclude that embryonic temperature has both direct and indirect (i.e., through temperature choice) effects on growth in snapping turtles.
Fluorinated retinals and their visual pigment analogues

Abstract Retinals (I) with fluorine substituents at carbon 10, 12, 14, 19 and/or 20 have been synthesized and their goemetric isomers isolated. In several cases the fluorine substituents seem to have a profound effect on the conformational properties of the polyene chain as reflected in the spectroscopic properties ( 1 H-nmr and uv-vis) and their interaction with the protein opsin. These results will be analyzed in detail.
An α2‐macroglobulinlike activity in the blood of chelicerate and mandibulate arthropods

The alpha 2-macroglobulins are large molecular weight proteinase-binding proteins that inhibit the ability of proteinases to hydrolyze protein substrates without suppressing activity against amide or ester substrates. They are also able to protect the active site of bound proteinases from active site inhibitors of suitably high molecular weight. The ability to protect the amidolytic activity of trypsin from the macromolecular active site inhibitor, soybean trypsin inhibitor, was used to demonstrate an alpha 2-macroglobulinlike activity in the blood of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus and the crustaceans Libinia emarginata (the spider crab) and Cancer borealis (the Jonah crab). The alpha 2-macroglobulinlike activities of L. polyphemus and L. emarginata are sensitive to methylamine, but that of C. borealis is relatively insensitive. The molecular weights (mw) of the trypsin-protecting proteins in L. emarginata and C. borealis, estimated from gelfiltration studies, are, respectively, 480 X 10(3) and 460 X 10(3), and are significantly smaller than that of L. polyphemus (Mr = 570 X 10(3)).
Further study of the aberrant optic nerve projection to olfactory cortex.

When implanted into the cerebral hemisphere, the regenerating optic nerve of the adult frog (Rana pipiens) forms a well-defined terminal field in the pars ventralis of the lateral (olfactory) cortex, and sometimes expands medially into the postolfactory eminence. These adjacent areas receive their normal input from the main olfactory bulb. The aberrant projection extends caudally toward the core neuropil of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, which receives its normal input from the accessory olfactory bulb, but does not enter this vomeronasal sector of the amygdala. The present study tests whether: (1) optic fibers would innervate the vomeronasal amygdala after surgical ablation of the accessory olfactory bulb, (2) the projection would transpose into adjacent cortex after olfactory cortex lesions, and (3) the projection would overflow into adjacent areas after being amplified by hemisection at the di-telencephalic junction (to minimize escape of fibers into the diencephalon). The retinal projection always terminated in the olfactory cortex when this area was intact, or in spared fragments of it after radical cortical lesions, but never entered the vomeronasal amygdala in any specimen, as studied by autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques. With forebrain hemisection, the cortical terminal field increased in thickness but remained confined to the olfactory area. However, the interruption of the lateral forebrain bundle induced a new projection to the striatum in a region neighboring but separate from the olfactory cortical field. These findings support the hypothesis that retinal fibers have a specific affinity for primary olfactory cortex that is not normally allowed expression in development. Retinal fibers may also have a latent affinity for the striatum that is unmasked after deafferentation.
Negotiating Identity and Pragmatism: Parental Treatment of International Adoptees' Birth Culture Names

The current study advances the extant literature on how internal boundary management processes (naming, discussing, narrating, ritualizing) impact identity by demonstrating how naming fosters identity in the context of international adoption. The study examined: (a) parental treatment of their children's birth country names in the naming process and (b) parental motives for various naming forms (i.e., placement of the child's birth culture name within the full name). Focus groups were conducted with 32 U.S. White American parents with an adopted child from either China or Vietnam. Results present a catalog of four international adoptee naming forms, with parents choosing to retain, alter, create a new, or exclude the birth culture name. Parents were found to appeal to two primary motivations—identity and pragmatism—to justify and explain these differing naming forms. This study found that naming promoted three identity source domains: family identity, ethnic identity, and individual identity.
To Fathom the Future

the "focal point for teaching, research, con tinuing education, setting of standards, and intellectual stimulation for personnel at every level and at every subdivision of the occupations concerned with social service." He sees all professional schools as "the bridge between the university and the rest of the community, between basic and ap plied knowledge, between the idea and its uses," and the school of social work in particular as "the catalyst in fusing the worlds of research, teaching, and commu nity service [exerting] a powerful influence for the unification of services to people."1 With this vision of a great, gleaming complex of the Social Work Education Center of the 1990's hanging like a mirage over the horizon, let us talk now of the present and the future that lies just around the corner. Later we will reach 1990. Certain decisions made in 1965 and 1966 by the Board of Directors of the Council on Social Work Education strongly support Dr. Gardner's predictions. The Council has arrived at a clear determination to extend
Company Study: Quality for Value‐added Perceptions and Bottom‐line Results

Considers the “Conceptual Model of Service Quality”. Describes five service gaps, using a case example of American Airlines as illustration. Examines ways of bridging these gaps. Concludes with a personal commentary on the delivering of quality.
A Technique for Placement of Left Atrial Monitoring Line

A technique for placement of a left atrial monitoring line is described. Following repair of a complex congenital heart defect, a long catheter previously advanced from the common femoral vein or the saphenous vein into the right atrium is inserted across the interatrial septum through the parent foramen ovale or through a small incision in the atrial septum at the level of the fossa ovalis. A suture is placed to close the interatrial septum around the catheter. This technique has been used successfully for four years.
Determination of carbon distributions in quenched and partitioned microstructures using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy

A multi-modal characterization technique, which combines nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (Nano-SIMS) with a spatial resolution of ∼100 nm and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) to determine carbon distributions in austenite and martensite in a quenched and partitioned (Q&P) Fe–0.29C–2.95Mn–1.59Si steel is presented. Significant carbon enrichment of austenite was measured with decreased levels of carbon in martensite, supporting the carbon partitioning mechanism. Fresh untempered martensite could be identified, and different degrees of enrichment were observed for blocky and lath austenite.
On film boiling dynamics and its measurement

Abstract A complete description of a pool boiling process must involve its dynamic characteristics as well as its static characteristics. It is useful to describe its dynamic characteristics in terms of small increments of the variables involved. Experimental evidence is presented which verifies the analytical heater transfer function developed previously, for operation in the film boiling region. A feedback system which was developed to control the heater temperature in all boiling regions, was used in this experimentation. Accurate frequency response measurements were required in order to accomplish the transfer function verification. A useful measurement technique was developed and this is described.
Tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.

Background Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) may complicate pericardial constriction; however, its incidence, impact on outcome, and appropriate management are not defined. Methods Between January 1993 and March 2006, 481 adult patients underwent pericardiectomy at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Excluding those with pericardiectomy for reasons other than constriction, previous tricuspid valve surgery, malignant infiltration, and those undergoing other concomitant cardiac operations, 261 patients remained for evaluation of echocardiographic TR before and after surgery as well as early and late survival. Results Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 71% of patients (185 of 261); in 20% (54 of 261), TR was graded moderate or severe. Operative mortality was higher (7 of 54, 13%) among those with moderate/severe TR (7 of 54, 13%, versus 9 of 207, 4.3%; p = 0.019), and by multivariate analysis, moderate/severe TR was an independent predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence level: 1.5 to 5.6; p Conclusions Tricuspid regurgitation frequently complicates constrictive pericarditis, and when moderate or severe, is associated with increased mortality. Although valve repair has little impact on late survival, TR seldom improves with pericardiectomy alone, and may be considered to reduce symptoms, as it can be undertaken without increasing operative risk.
Parental Awareness of Their Children's Homework Motivation and Preference and Its Relationship to Achievement

ABSTRACT The degree of parental awareness of their children's homework motivation and preference and its relationship to homework achievement and homework attitude were investigated in 329 Chinese fifth graders (172 boys and 157 girls) and 244 seventh graders (130 boys and 114 girls) and their parents. The level of match between children's homework preferences and parents' perception of their child's homework preferences indicates that there exists a fairly high level of awareness of child's preferred way of doing homework in Chinese parents. In general, a high level of parental awareness of child's homework preferences was associated with high achievement and positive attitude toward homework in the child. While gender differences became more pronounced in the upper grade, parental awareness became less influential in achievement of teacher-rated lomework assignments. In the lower grade, gender was not a major factor contributing to achievement differences, but parental awareness was a more important fac...
FLORISTIC QUALITY INDICES FOR BIOTIC ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSIONAL MARSH CONDITION IN FLORIDA

Evaluation of wetland ecological condition requires quantitative biological indices for measuring anthropogenic impairment. We implemented a modified floristic qual- ity assessment index (FQAI) protocol for 75 isolated, depressional herbaceous wetland systems, exploring refinements of FQAI standard methods. Species encountered during sampling (n = 397) were assigned coefficients of conservatism (CC) by ten expert botanists working independently. A quantitative summary metric of adjacent site buffer (up to 100 m) land use intensity, called the landscape development intensity (LDI) index, was cal- culated for each wetland system to quantify expected anthropogenic impairment. The as- sociation between LDI and wetland community mean CC scores was strong and condi- tionally independent of ecoregion. Weaker associations with LDI were observed for other community summary metrics, including richness-weighted FQAI. We inverted LDI to com- pute an intensity coefficient (IC), which quantifies observed buffer development intensity tolerated by each species. IC scores were significantly associated with CC scores on a species basis and strongly associated on a site mean basis. Growing interest in floristic quality assessment for regulatory purposes provides opportunities for formally linking expert opinion and ground observations of species-specific disturbance tolerance.
Primary donor photo-oxidation in photosystem I: a re-evaluation of (P700(+) - P700) Fourier transform infrared difference spectra.

Light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy has been used to study the photo-oxidation of the primary electron donor (P700) in PS I particles from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To aid in the interpretation of the spectra, PS I particles from a site-directed mutant of C. reinhardtii, in which the axial histidine ligand (HisA676) was changed to serine, were also studied. A high-frequency (3300−2600 cm-1) electronic transition is observed for all PS I particles, demonstrating that P700 is dimeric. The electronic band is, however, species-dependent, indicating some differences in the electronic structure of P700 and/or P700+ in C. reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. 6803. For PS I particles from C. reinhardtii, substitution of HisA676 with serine has little effect on the ester carbonyl modes of the chlorophylls of P700. However, the keto carbonyl modes are considerably altered. Comparison of (P700+ − P700) FTIR difference spectra obtained using PS I partic...
How good is the bead-spring model?

Abstract The predictions of the bead-spring model are compared with the infinite dilution dynamic properties of polystyrene in Aroclor 1248, as a function of molecular weight. The experimentally determined quantities include the longest relaxation time and the relaxation-time spectrum, obtained via oscillatory flow birefringence; the diffusion coefficient, measured by NMR and forced Rayleigh scattering; the radius of gyration, determined by small-angle neutron scattering; and the intrinsic viscosity. In all cases, the data are very well described by the model, using a consistent set of three parameters. However, the conformational dynamics experiments suggest a surprisingly sharp end to the relaxation spectrum, corresponding to the relaxation time for an approximately 50-monomer subchain.
Interfaces between Metal and Arylamine Molecular Films As Probed with the Anode Interfacial Engineering Approach in Single-Layer Organic Diodes

The interfaces between metal and arylamine molecular films were studied by measurement of current-voltage characteristics in single-layer organic diodes with the aid of the anode interfacial engineering method. The diode turn-on voltage is shown to be very sensitive to the arylamine/metal interface and thus can serve as a means for characterizing such organic/metal interfaces. We show that the diode electrical performance depends on the arylamine substituent groups and chemical/electrical properties of the anode. The conduction mechanism of the diodes is shown to be injection limited, which can be well described with the Richardson-Schottky thermionic emission model. This work may provide some insight into the use of single-layer organic diodes and the interfacial engineering method to rapidly probe the organic/metal and even organic/organic interfaces.
Selecting Research Firms From Which to Get Proposals

Many marketing research firms are incompetent or transient. It is difficult for the inexperienced buyer of marketing research to know how to make a choice. One factor that should be considered is the nature of the problem; understanding your own needs helps to spell out some of the characteristics to look for in a research firm. Locating names of research firms can be done from reviewing available lists, and from informed sources. Evaluation of the firms is difficult. The potential buyer should attempt to estimate the competency of the firm (in questionnaire development, statistical design, field work, coding and editing, and data processing). The buyer should also try to evaluate the research imagination of the firm, for creativity may add value to the study. Integrity is another important aspect, since this affects whether your marketing secrets are kept, and whether or not a good study is done. Practicality is a highly important standard; this is reflected in location, meeting of deadlines, flexibility, speed, personal relations, and pricing policies. Sources of information for obtaining the necessary information include material from the research firm being considered, a planned visit to the firm’s headquarters, customers of the research firm, and general reputation (among both users and nonusers of the firm).
Scattering by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder of arbitrary cross-section shape-oblique incidence case

A moment method (MM) solution is developed for the fields scattered by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder of arbitrary cross-section. The incident field is assumed to be a plane wave of arbitrary polarization with oblique incidence with respect to the axis of the cylinder. The total electric and magnetic fields are the unknown quantities in two coupled equations from which a system of linear equations is obtained. Once the total electric and magnetic fields within the cylinder are computed, the scattered fields at any other point in space can be calculated. It is noted that for the case of oblique incidence, the scattered field has TE/sub z/ and TM/sub z/ polarized fields regardless of the polarization of the incident field. The echo widths of cylinders and shells of circular, semicircular, and rectangular cross section are calculated for TE/sub z/ and TM/sub z/ polarized incident fields. It is shown that the results obtained for dielectric/ferrite cylinders and shells of circular cross section with the solutions developed here agree very well with the corresponding exact eigenfunction solutions. >
Genome sequencing and annotation of Afipia septicemium strain OHSU_II

We report the 5.1 Mb noncontiguous draft genome of Afipia septicemium strain OHSU_II, isolated from blood of a female patient. The genome consists of 5,087,893 bp circular chromosome with no identifiable autonomous plasmid with a G + C content of 61.09% and contains 4898 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes including 3 rRNA genes and 46 tRNA genes.
Straddle Injuries to the Bulbar Urethra: Management and Outcomes in 78 Patients

ABSTRACTPurpose: We describe our experience with blunt straddle injuries to the anterior urethra and identify factors that may affect patient outcome.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the San Francisco General Hospital Urologic Trauma data base to identify men with blunt straddle injury. We analyzed presentation and initial management, location and length of urethral stricture, surgical options, and long-term outcome after reconstruction.Results: Of 78 patients, 40% presented to the emergency department acutely and 60% presented 6 months to 10 years after injury complaining of obstructive symptoms, of whom 30% reported at least 1 episode of urinary retention. Initial acute management was suprapubic cystostomy in 81% of cases and primary realignment in 19%. Urethral strictures were predominantly located in the proximal bulb. Mean stricture length was significantly longer in men with delayed presentation (2.7 vs 1.8 cm, p <0.05). No relationship was found between stricture length and the mechanism of injur...
Placement and restoration of dental implants in a patient with Paget's disease in remission: Literature review and clinical report

Paget's disease is a disorder of bone that results in the replacement of normal bone with highly vascularized, low density bone. The diminished bone quality associated with Paget's disease is a relative contraindication to the use of dental implants, as it interferes with achievement of osseointegration. There is no current literature on the success of dental implants in patients with Paget's disease. Furthermore, there is no current literature on dental implant success in patients with remissive Paget's disease or in bone that appears to be unaffected by the disease in patients with Paget's. This case report follows the treatment of a patient with a partially edentulous maxilla and mandible (ACP PDI Classification III) who presented with remissive Paget's disease. Definitive treatment included the placement of four endosseous implants used to retain full veneer crowns. Despite the radiographic appearance of adequate bone quality, upon surgical placement it was discovered that the quality of bone was poor, yet implant survival was achieved through careful surgical management and rigid splinting of some of the endosseous implants.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS OF ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY TO PEROXIDASE USED AS A TRACER

The permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane to a small molecular weight protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was investigated by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry. Mice were injected intravenously with HRP and sacrificed at varying intervals. Experiments with intranasally instilled HRP were also carried out. The tissue was fixed in formal-dehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative. Frozen sections were cut, incubated in Graham and Karnovsky's medium for demonstrating HRP activity, postfixed in OsO4, and processed for electron microscopy. 90 sec after injection, HRP had passed through endothelial junctions into underlying basement membranes, but was stopped from entering the alveolar space by zonulae occludentes between epithelial cells. HRP was demonstrated in pinocytotic vesicles of both endothelial and epithelial cells, but the role of these vesicles in net protein transport appeared to be minimal. Intranasally instilled HRP was similarly prevented from permeating the underlying basement membrane by epithelial zonulae occludentes. Pulmonary endothelial intercellular clefts stained with uranyl acetate appeared to contain maculae occludentes rather than zonulae occludentes. HRP did not alter the ultrastructure of these junctions.
STICKS AND STONES MAY BREAK BONES AND WORDS CAN HURT ME: WORDS AND PHRASES THAT TRIGGER EMOTIONS IN NEGOTIATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS

Although there is clear evidence that particular words and phrases evoke emotional reactions, little research has explored these in the context of negotiations. In two studies, we identify words that trigger emotional responses in the other party in conflict‐laden negotiations and demonstrate how the perception of negotiators is affected by the use of those words. Words that elicit emotional responses are likely to increase the perception that the party using them is unfair but paradoxically increase the optimism of observers that the conflict will be successfully resolved. This effect is influenced by the gender of the observer.
GENERALIZED HARTREE-FOCK APPROXIMATION FOR THE CALCULATION OF COLLECTIVE STATES OF A FINITE MANY-PARTICLE SYSTEM

A finite many-particle system can have collective states for which the off-diagonal matrix elements of certain oneparticle operators are of the same order of magnitude as the diagonal elements. In such cases it is suggested that the random-phase approximation is in need of generalization. Examples are the uniform translational motion of any system and the rotational motion of deforrned nuclei, The generalization is suggested after a review and critical analysis of the Hartree-Fock approximation. The model single-particle wave functions of the latter are replaced by wave functions in a space labeled both by the particle variables and by the quantum numbers of the collective motion. These generalized amplitudes are defined field-theoretically, and a self-consistent scheme for their calculation is obtained from the equations of motion. In addition to the self-consistent potential defined in the enlarged space, the energies of the excited states also turn out to be given by a natural self-consistency requirement. The new calculational scheme is first applied to a systematic restudy of the random-phase approximation where the self-consistency requirement on the energies was previously overlooked. As a first characteristic application the total mass of a system in uniform translation, and a reinterpretation of the Hartree-Fock average fieldmore » are obtained. (auth)« less
Relationship between water content and afterripening in-red rice

Leopold, A. C., Glenister, R. and Cohn, M. A. 1988. Relationship between water content and afterripening in red rice. - Physiol. Plant. 74: 659662. Reactions regulating seed dormancy can proceed at water contents which are probably too low to permit metabolic activity. The loss of dormancy via afterripening of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds was examined as a representative case. Equilibration of seeds to various moisture contents showed that afterripening was most rapid at 614% moisture content (dry weight basis). Afterripening did not occur at >18% moisture content and was severely inhibited at <5% moisture content. Seed viability was greater than 95% for all treatments. Utilization of moisture isotherms to calculate water-binding enthalpy values identified the optimal afterripening range as approximately the boundary between water-binding region 1 and region 2. From these findings, it is suggested that afterripening may involve some oxidative reactions which are inhibited at lower water contents by the rising free-energy and at the higher side by metabolic reactions.
Power Network-on-Chip for Scalable Power Delivery

Delivering high quality power to the on-chip circuitry with minimum energy loss is an essential component of integrated circuits. The quality of the power supply can be efficiently addressed with multiple power supplies and decoupling capacitors integrated on-chip close to the points-of-load. Distributed power delivery requires the co-design of hundreds of power converters with thousands of decoupling capacitors and billions of current loads within multiple power domains, significantly increasing the design complexity of existing power delivery systems. Efficient real-time management of the power budget in these complicated distributed power delivery systems is impractical with existing ad hoc approaches. The concept of a power network on-chip (PNoC) is introduced here as a systematic methodological solution for on-chip power delivery and management that provides enhanced power control and real-time management of resource sharing. A PNoC with four power domains is investigated based on the proposed architecture, and circuits for sensing, routing, and dynamic control of the on-chip power are described. The built-in modularity of the PNoC is exploited to apply dynamic voltage scaling, illustrating the scalability of the PNoC platform, while exhibiting power savings of up to 32%.
The crystal structure of Cu3Cl6(H2O)2·2H8C4SO2, trans tetra-μ-[chlorodichlorodiaquocopper(II)]copper(II)bis(tetramethylene sulfone), and the molecular structure of the Cu3Cl6(H2O)2 Trimer

Abstract The crystal structure of Cu3Cl6(H2O)2·2H8C4SO2 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The compound contains a new aquo complex of copper chloride, Cu3Cl6(H2O)2. This species exists as a discrete trans planar trimer with halogen bridges and has approximately C2h symmetry. This unusual aquo species is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the tetramethylene sulfone molecule and the water molecule with an OH ⋯ O distance of 2.70 A. The packaging of the trimers leads to infinite chains parallel to the crystallographic b-axis of the monoclinic unit cell. The tetramethylene sulfone groups fill in the space between the chains, isolating them from each other. The structure is monoclinic, C2/c, with a = 23.978 (10)A, b = 6.142(5) A, c = 18.956(10) A, and β = 127.00(2)°. The unit cell contains four formula units with an observed density of 2.27 g/cc (2.23 g/cc calculated). Within the trimer, the bridging CuCl distances (ave. = 2.28 A) are slightly longer than the terminal CuCl distances (2.24 A). The CuO distance is 1.97 A and the bridging CuClCu angles are just slightly larger than 90°.
Visualization of microstructure in soft polymer films with a combined near-field/confocal polarization microscope

We describe experiments demonstrating the performance of a recently developed combined near-field and confocal polarization microscope, which was designed for imaging microstructure in soft anisotropic polymer films. Phase modulation (PM) of light (488 nm) is implemented in both near-field and confocal channels to increase sensitivity to birefringence. Images of radially symmetric objects, spherulites, in the polyethylene films confirmed the high performance of this microscope in imaging of both magnitude and sign of birefringence. On the other hand, PM images of the crosslinked polybutadiene films revealed unexpected domain structure that indicates heterogeneity in local chain deformations and alignments. It is shown that the domains are correlated with the local density fluctuations of crosslinks.
Antimicrobial function of Nd3+-doped anatase titania-coated nickel ferrite composite nanoparticles: a biomaterial system.

Abstract The present study describes and makes a relative comparison of the antimicrobial function of undoped and neodymium-doped titania coated-nickel ferrite composite nanoparticles processed by uniquely combining the reverse micelle and chemical hydrolysis approaches. This methodology facilitates the formation of undoped and doped photocatalytic titania shells and a magnetic ferrite core. The ferrite core is needed to help in the removal of particles from the sprayed surface using a small magnetic field. Doping of the titania shell with neodymium significantly enhances the photocatalytic and anti-microbial function of the core–shell composite nanoparticles without influencing the magnetic characteristics of the nickel ferrite core. The increased performance is believed to be related to the inhibition of electron–hole recombination and a decrease in the band gap energy of titania. The retention of magnetic strength ensures controlled movement of the composite nanoparticles by the magnetic field, facilitating their application as removable anti-microbial photocatalyst nanoparticles. The consistent behavior of the composite nanoparticles points to the viability of the synthesis process adopted.
The effectiveness of strategic information systems planning under environmental uncertainty

Researchers have suggested that more extensive strategic information systems planning (SISP) in an uncertain environment produces greater planning success. Managers must decide whether, and if so when, to perform such SISP. Our study tested the effect of SISP phases on planning success in more and less uncertain environments.A questionnaire assessed SISP in terms of strategic awareness, situation analysis, strategy conception, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation planning phases. It inquired about environmental uncertainty as dynamism, heterogeneity, and hostility. Finally, it measured SISP success as a composite of alignment, analysis, cooperation, and capabilities. One hundred and sixty-one IS executives provided data in a postal survey.More extensive strategy formulation uniformly predicted successful planning in more uncertain environments, whereas strategic awareness generally predicted it in less uncertain ones. Strategy conception predicted it in neither more nor less uncertain environments. More extensive planning is thus not uniformly successful in either environment but depends on the nature of the uncertainty.
An Adapted Brief Strategic Family Therapy for Gang-Affiliated Mexican American Adolescents

Objective:This study assessed the effectiveness of an adapted Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) intervention for gang-affiliated Mexican American adolescents and their parents.Methods:A total of 200 adolescents and their family caregivers were randomized to either a treatment or a control condition. Outcomes included adolescent substance use, conflict resolution, gang identification, parent substance use knowledge, gang awareness, family cohesion, child conduct problems and stress. Participants were assessed at baseline, treatment exit at 16 weeks, and 6 months follow-up. General linear mixed-effects and generalized estimating equations models were used to evaluate between-group differences in outcomes.Results:There were significant differences between the BFST and control groups on adolescent alcohol use at 6 months and parents’ reported conduct problems. No impact on marijuana use was found.Conclusions:Results provide emerging evidence supporting the adapted BSFT for gang-affiliated Mexican American...
Maximum likelihood pitch estimation

The problem of determining the pitch period of voiced speech is formulated as a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation problem for an unknown periodic signal in white Gaussian noise of unknown intensity. Modifications of the ML estimator for speech include removal of bias, derivation of a measure of confidence, and prefiltering for non-white noise. The pitch estimation procedure is evaluated in the frequency domain and related to comb filtering. An alternate derivation of the ML estimator, related to the procedure proposed by Lacoss for maximum likelihood spectral estimation is presented. The problem formulated is to find a filter which passes a periodic signal of period P without distortion while simultaneously suppressing, in an optimum manner, a noise signal having a known spectrum.
Challenges of the 1990's: standards and technology for open systems

Abstract In the 1990s, standards and other implementing technology will be essential for open systems environments that support user requirements to communicate easily between computers manufactured by different vendors, to move applications software from one system to another, and to protect the information that is processed by computer systems. Cooperation among vendors, users, and national and international standards organizations will be essential to achieve common solutions to common problems of government and the private sector in achieving open and secure distributed systems.
Analytic Planning in Education: Critical Perspectives.

Since the 1960s, the educational enterprise in both the United States and Canada has been influenced by planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPBS, or PPB). PPB is a budgeting technique that can be used to facilitate more rational policy decision-making and control. Operationally, PPB is an organization-wide process of computerized data collection and analysis. Its goals are to evaluate the cost effectiveness of current programs and to plan future programs accordingly. A distinctive feature is the mapping of long-range as well as short-range plans, so that full costs and benefits of a program can be considered. Program budgeting, as PPB is often called, begins with a program structure or framework in which general goals of the system are hierarchically articulated into objectives, related programs, and successively smaller program components. Ideally, when programs serve several purposes at once, formulas are devised for allocating program costs proportionally to the appropriate objectives. Sometimes program memoranda, analysing the objectives of specific programs, are prepared to assist the task. Once the framework is established, the heart of the analysis begins. Expected costs are projected for all program components related to a given objective, starting from the lowest, most detailed level of the program structure. Anticipated changes in numbers of students- the expected program outputs- are also calculated, preferably based on data about past experience in the system or elsewhere. Input and output data are then compared, and the results used to inform policy decisions about programs. Optimally, the information is used to compare programs serving the same objective in a deliberate search for the best alternative. In practice, PPB has run into a number of operational and political difficulties, in both the United States and Canada. States or provinces, counties, and municipal districts alike have discovered that their systems fail to generate the performance data required for analysis, whether in education or in other public programs. 1 And most systems do not possess maps of program objectives comprehensive enough for a program structure. Meeting these two prerequisites for system-wide installation of PPB usually stretched the preparatory phase over several years, during which time jurisdictions often lost interest (Schick, 1971 ). The increasingly apparent cost of PPB was a factor: 2 development of program structures and information systems required large inputs of time from system personnel, 8 who frequently resented the added burden (MacDonald, 1974). Moreover, the work of analysis itself, even for modest projects on single pro