cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adenylate cyclase enhancing factor from rat osteosarcoma cytosol

Abstract A cytosol factor from a transplantable rat osteosarcoma stimulates the adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) EC 4.6.1.1) activity of partially purified membranes 1.5 fold at pH 7.6 and over 5 fold at pH 6.5. This effect can also be seen at maximum Gpp(NH) stimulation of the enzyme. The cytosol factor is non-dialyzable, ultrafiltrable through a 100,000 dalton exclusion membrane, heat labile and trypsin digestible. The stimulation is immediate, is independent of Ca2+, exhibits sygmoidal concentration dependency and is enhanced by GTP. The factor did not bind GTP. The stimulatory activity was fully recovered in two Sephadex G-100 fractions of approximate molecular weights of 55,000 and 29,500. Unlike the starting material the fractions were not stable to freeze-thawing or lyophilization. A similar factor could not be found in embryonic bone, nor did the osteosarcoma factor affect bone adenylate cyclase.
Pathway-gene identification for pancreatic cancer survival via doubly regularized Cox regression

Background Recent global genomic analyses identified 69 gene sets and 12 core signaling pathways genetically altered in pancreatic cancer, which is a highly malignant disease. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic signatures and signaling pathways that are directly correlated to pancreatic cancer survival will help cancer researchers to develop effective multi-gene targeted, personalized therapies for the pancreatic cancer patients at different stages. A previous work that applied a LASSO penalized regression method, which only considered individual genetic effects, identified 12 genes associated with pancreatic cancer survival.
Badhamia decipiens reinstated in Physarum

A total of 100 specimens ofBadhamia decipiens, Physarum auriscalpium, andP. serpula were studied in an attempt to determine their taxonomic relationship.
Localization of light-inducible and tissue-specific regions of the spinach ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase promoter in transgenic tobacco plants

Deletions in the spinach rubisco activase (Rca) promoter in transgenic tobacco were analyzed to define the regions necessary for conferring light-inducible and tissue-specific expression. Transgenic plants were constructed with Bal 31 deletions of the Rca promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS). Analysis of the Rca deletion mutants localized the region conferring normal expression downstream from −294 relative to the Rca transcription start site. A second set of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S enhancer fused to the 3′ end of the Rca/GUS constructs demonstrated the presence of a light-responsive element between −150 and −78 active in leaves. Regions 10 bp long within the light-responsive region, which included putative G box and GT elements, were removed by recombinant polymerase chain reaction. Deletion of the G box element resulted in a loss of gene expression in the leaves of transgenic tobacco, while deletion of the GT motif caused a 10–100-fold increase in expression in roots. However, site-directed mutagenesis of the GT motif resulted in expression patterns identical to the normal promoter. These experiments demonstrated that light-inducible and tissue-specific expression of the Rca promoter involves multiple cis elements proximal to the transcription start site, and that interactions between these elements are essential for regulating expression.
Cycle bases from orderings and coverings

Abstract We use notions of ‵ordering′ and ‵covering′ to define several classes (some new, some old) of cycle bases for graphs. Each class is characterized in terms of both its structure and its relationship to the other classes. For each class we also characterize (both constructively and by excluded subgraphs) those graphs for which every cycle basis is in the class.
Vitamin A or Zymosan Pretreatment Attenuates α-Naphthylisothiocyanate-Induced Liver Injury

Abstract α-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is a cholangiolitic hepatotoxicant that causes periportal hepatic injury in the rat that is neutrophil- and platelet-dependent. Since macrophages have recently been implicated as participants in some chemically induced hepatotoxicities, we evaluated the role of these cells in ANIT-induced hepatic injury. Rats were treated with gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3 ), an agent which decreases hepatic macrophage numbers and activity, zymosan, an agent which increases hepatic macrophage numbers, or vitamin A, which increases hepatic macrophage activity. GdCl 3 did not ameliorate ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity, as demonstrated by a lack of attenuation of any of the markers of hepatic insult evaluated. In contrast, pretreatment with either zymosan or vitamin A decreased ANIT hepatotoxicity. Zymosan administration reduced blood neutrophil numbers and influx of neutrophils into the peritoneum after intraperitoneal glycogen administration but did not affect hepatic neutrophil accumulation in ANIT-treated rats. To determine if macrophages were important in the protection by vitamin A, rats were cotreated with GdCl 3 and vitamin A. GdCl 3 did not alter the protection from ANIT hepatotoxicity afforded by vitamin A. Vitamin A treatment decreased ANIT and glutathione concentrations in bile at 1 and 4 hr after ANIT administration but had a minimal effect on plasma ANIT concentration. In summary, pretreatment of rats with zymosan or vitamin A but not GdCl 3 attenuated ANIT-induced liver injury. The protection afforded by zymosan may derive from its effects on neutrophils or platelets. The protection by vitamin A appears to result from its effect on the transport of ANIT into bile. The results suggest that hepatic macrophages are not required for the manifestation of ANIT hepatotoxicity.
Spatial and temporal expression of the 72‐kDa type IV collagenase (MMP‐2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

Extracellular proteases may play an important role in the regulation of cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix during development. In this study, we have examined the embryonic avian heart for the expression of matrix metalloproteases. The 72-kDa type IV collagenase, MMP-2, was detected in extracts of whole hearts and showed a modest increase in amount over time. This increase in enzyme activity corresponded to a small increase in the steady-state level of mRNA for this enzyme. A more dramatic increase was seen in the amount of the 66-kDa activated form of this enzyme as development progressed, suggesting that the process of activation, rather than enzyme synthesis, may be the important regulatory step in this system. Coincident with the change in the level of active MMP-2 was a significant increase in the expression of the MMP-2 activator, MT-MMP, between stages 12 and 24. The message for MMP-2 was expressed by the endocardium of the cushion tissues which was undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and by the migrating mesenchymal cells, suggesting a role for this protease in regulating cell motility and matrix invasion. In older staged hearts, the cells of the differentiating valves expressed high levels of MMP-2 which may be important for the final remodeling events in this region. Dev. Dyn. 209:261–268, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Calibrating Holistic Water Resources–Economic Models

This paper presents an approach to calibrating a holistic water resources–economic model, which involves essential water resources and economic components in a consistent model. The model is formulated as an optimization model, with the objective of maximizing economic welfares/profits from water uses. When we apply the model to a baseline scenario against real-world conditions, the economic outputs are often expected to match the observations at the base level, since a wide divergence between model outcomes and actual results is not appropriate for analyzing policy options starting from the baseline. Following the concept of “positive mathematical programming,” the holistic water resources–economic model is calibrated to a baseline level using programming constraints and “positive” inferences from baseline observations. The calibration task is complicated by the fact that a large number of interdependent parameters should be calibrated simultaneously. A numerical approach based on hybrid genetic algorith...
Characterization of somatostatin (S), binding to solubilized placental cell membranes

Membranes were prepared from homogenates of human placenta by differential centrifugation and treatment of the final pellet with Triton-X100 to solubilize the receptors. On incubation in 0.5 ml (0.05 M TRIS, 0.025 M EDTA, 0.5% BSA, pH 8.5, 0.0005 M PMSF), 125-I-tyr S specific binding to placental membrane protein (10-25 μg) was 14.4±3% and non-specific binding was 10.3±8% (±S.D.) at 4°C, with equilibrium by 18 hrs. Equivalent binding occurred at 37°C with equilibrium by 2.5 hrs. The dissociation constant (Kd) for cyclic S was 130 nM at 4° and 230 nM at 37°. At 4° displacement of the label required 0.16 μg cyclic S (cS) and a similar 0.22 μg Ala5S and 0.14 μg Ala11S, but more linear S (0.465 μg), Ala8S (0.36 μg) and 28-aminoacid S (0.65 μg). No displacement of binding was shown with 10 μg growth hormone, 10 μg insulin, or 50 μg naloxone, but gastric inhibitory polypeptide produced a dose-response parallel to cS requiring 3.5 μg for 50% displacement. 20 μg of both CCK33 (cholecystokinin) and CCK10-20 also displaced the labelled S. The cross-reactivities of these gut hormones, especially of CCK10-20, are not readily explained by sequence homology to S. Nevertheless, the levels of S are high in amniotic fluid and with these data on a putative receptor in the placenta, one could postulate a role of S in modulating nutrient transport across the placenta, as has been demonstrated across the gut.
THE BURNING MECHANISM OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE-BASED COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANTS

Abstract : Theories of propellant burning are briefly reviewed in the light of previous studies of the burning behavior and flame structure of composite ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellant. Those studies showed that the granular diffusion flame (GDF) theory conforms to the known structure of the propellant flame, and is quantitatively valid for a wide class of practical AP propellants, much more so than any other theory proposed for composite propellants.
Biochemical ecology: how plants fight dirty.

Plant–herbivore interactions are frequently described as an ongoing biochemical warfare that occurs on an evolutionary timescale.
Critical analysis of distal protection devices

There is considerable evidence that embolization takes place universally during all carotid stenting procedures. In addition, the development of sophisticated distal protection devices and their availability made the concept of cerebral protection widely acceptable, and currently there is a consensus among specialists that protection devices need to be used routinely. The results of the SAFER trial as well as the SAPPHIRE trial have further increased the enthusiasm for routine use of protection devices. However, each additional step to an existing procedure adds potential risks to the procedure. This is true for cerebral protection devices. The problems associated with the use of a distal protection device relate to (1) difficulties in introducing and deploying the device, (2) effectiveness of emboli capture, (3) protection device induced vessel injury, and (4) difficulties in retrieving the device. This article reviews the early clinical experience with various protection devices and summarizes some of the disadvantages of these devices.
Laboratory hydration of condensed magnesiosilica smokes with implications for hydrated silicates in IDPs and comets

Samples of silica-rich and MgO-rich condensed, amorphous magnesiosilica smokes were hydrated to monitor systematic mineralogical and chemical changes as a function of time and temperature controlled by their unique metastable eutectic compositions, their porous texture, and the ultrafine, nanometer grain size of all entities. At water supersaturated conditions, proto-phyllosilicates formed by spinodal-type homogeneous nucleation. Their formation and subsequent growth was entirely determined by the availability of water via pore spaces inherited from the original smokes and the textural continuity of magnesiosilica material with a mostly smectite-dehydroxylate composition. The results may have implications for the hydration of proto-CI material, the presence of rare periclase and brucite in primitive solar system bodies, and the pervasiveness of hydrated amorphous magnesiosilica dust and saponite proto-phyllosilicates in icy-protoplanets, such as comet nuclei.
Cytological properties of an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line infected with Wolbachia strain wAlbB

In vitro production of the obligate intracellular bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis, is essential to its manipulation as a genetic tool to spread transgenes within vector populations. We have adapted the Wolbachia-infected Aa23 Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to Eagle’s minimal medium, supplemented with nonessential amino acids, glutamine, and 20% fetal bovine serum. When plated at low densities, Aa23E cells grew as patchy monolayers, comprised of non-contiguous clusters of cells that gave rise to solid clumps of tightly adherent cells. Multicellular clumps eventually detached from the substrate and floated freely in the medium. Removal of Wolbachia by treatment with tetracycline did not alter the cytological properties of the host cells, which had a population doubling time of 4–5 d. The presence of Wolbachia was monitored by Giemsa staining of cytological preparations, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of Wolbachia 16S ribosomal DNA, and by simultaneous PCR amplification of ribosomal protein genes from Wolbachia and mosquito host cell genomes. Wolbachia morphology was pleomorphic, and Wolbachia DNA persisted in the culture medium for several weeks after degradation of PCR-amplifiable host cell DNA.
Stewart-Treves syndrome: a case report

We present a case of chronic lymphoedema that progressed to Stewart–Treves syndrome in a 63-year-old woman with a previous modified radical mastectomy, associated lymph node dissection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While producing stabilisation of most cutaneous lesions initially, chemotherapeutic treatment of the angiosarcoma did not prevent subsequent metastasis and patient death. We urge vigilance and regular follow-up appointments for patients following a mastectomy with chronic lymphoedema to facilitate prevention or early treatment of this devastating syndrome.
Virtual Appliances, Cloud Computing, and Reproducible Research

As science becomes increasingly computational, reproducibility has become increasingly difficult, perhaps surprisingly. In many contexts, virtualization and cloud computing can mitigate the issues involved without significant overhead to the researcher, enabling the next generation of rigorous and reproducible computational science.
Symmetries in nuclear structure

The symmetries of the rotating mean field and their consequences for rotational bands are discussed. Chirality of rotating triaxial nuclei differs from the chirality of molecules and mass-less particles, because the roles of space inversion and time reversal are exchanged. The experimental consequences of chirality and mass regions where it is expected are discussed. Rotational bands of the predicted shapes with tetrahedral symmetry are Δ I = 2 sequences with alternating parity. Breaking of the isospin rotational symmetry by the isovector pair field leads to isorotational bands. The low spin spectra of N = Z nuclei can be explained combining mean-field calculations that take only isovector pairing into account with the concept of isorotational bands. The possible appearance of an isoscalar pair field at high spin would manifest as a pair-rotational band consisting of even-spin states in the even-even and odd-spin states in odd-odd N = Z nuclei.
A generic ranking function discovery framework by genetic programming for information retrieval

Ranking functions play a substantial role in the performance of information retrieval (IR) systems and search engines. Although there are many ranking functions available in the IR literature, various empirical evaluation studies show that ranking functions do not perform consistently well across different contexts (queries, collections, users). Moreover, it is often difficult and very expensive for human beings to design optimal ranking functions that work well in all these contexts. In this paper, we propose a novel ranking function discovery framework based on Genetic Programming and show through various experiments how this new framework helps automate the ranking function design/discovery process.
Creating an academy of medical educators: how and where to start.

Background While most faculty members want to improve as teachers, they neither know where their educational strengths and weaknesses lie nor where or how to begin to effect a change in their teaching abilities. The lack of actionable, directed and specific feedback, and sensible and sensitive metrics to assess performance and improvement complicates the attainment of educational excellence.
Supercoiling response of the lac ps promoter in vitro

The rate of open promoter complex formation was measured on lac ps promoter DNA templates differing in negative superhelicity. The templates ranged from fully relaxed to those with numbers of superhelical turns exceeding that of form I plasmid DNA. The observed transcription response had two clearly distinguished phases: an initial rapid rise in rate followed eventually by a precipitous inhibition. The stimulation phase involved a nearly 40-fold increase in rate, which peaks at superhelical densities near that of isolated form I plasmid DNA. The introduction of more negative superhelical turns leads to inhibition. The magnitude of the response and the observation of both increases and decreases suggest that minor differences in superhelicity in vivo could lead to significant increases or decreases in transcription rate. The increase in rate was found to be directly proportional to the free energy of supercoiling; that is, to the square of the superhelical density. We suggest that the energy may be used both for enhanced DNA melting and for changes in DNA structure that alter the helical "face" with which RNA polymerase must interact. A quantitative method is presented that allows simple estimation of differences in the supercoiling response among promoters, both in the presence and in the absence of added factors.
Use of diabetes preventive care and complications risk in two African-American communities

Abstract Background: We examined levels of diabetes preventive care services and glycemic and lipid control among African Americans with diabetes in two North Carolina communities. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of 625 African-American adults with diagnosed diabetes. Participants had a household interview to determine receipt of preventive care services including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), blood pressure, lipid, foot, dilated eye, and dental examinations; diabetes education; and health promotion counseling. A total of 383 gave blood samples to determine HbA 1c and lipid values. Results: Annual dilated eye, foot, and lipid examinations were reported by 70% to 80% of the population, but only 46% reported HbA 1c tests. Rates of regular physical activity (31%) and daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (40%) were low. Sixty percent of the population had an HbA 1c level >8% and one fourth had an HbA 1c level >10%. Half of the population had a low-density lipoprotein value >130 mg/dL. Lack of insurance was the most consistent correlate of inadequate care (odds ratio [OR]=2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3–3.9), having HbA 1c >9.5% (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1–4.2), and LDL levels >130 mg/dL (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.0–4.5). Conclusions: Levels of diabetes preventive care services were comparable to U.S. estimates, but glycemic and lipid control and levels of self-management behaviors were poor. These findings indicate a need to understand barriers to achieving and implementing good glycemic and lipid control among African Americans with diabetes.
Issues in International Agricultural Development: Discussion

Hayek remarked that "nobody can be a great economist who is only an economist," and he added that "an economist who is only an economist is likely to become a nuisance if not a positive danger" (Schultz, p. 129). Growth modeling and growth accounting, as they relate to agriculture, have probably seen more than their fair shares of economists. King, Langham, and Papanek and their coauthors, however, are much concerned with society's social attributes, with politics, and with insights of history while being rigorous and analytic in their economic approaches. King provides a valuable survey of six "global models" of economic growth. The psychic depression they engender is only exceeded by the economic depressions they predict. I find their predictions all too stark and simple. In fact, were I a less generous and prudent fellow, I might term them as non-
Influence of uncompensated solution resistance upon the evaluation of rate constants for rapid electrochemical reactions

Abstract : We have recently outlined an experimental method whereby the relibility of observed standard rate constants for outer-sphere electrochemical reactions, evaluated using a given technique and a set of experimental conditions can be tested in a direct manner. This entails monitoring the response of the 'apparent observed' values of standard rate constants, apparent observed rate constants, to systemic alterations of the strongly double-layer structure caused by the addition of small concentrations of specifically adsorbing anions. This procedure enables standard rate constants for the test reaction to readily be 'tuned' over toa wide range. These apparent rate variations, are compared with those observed under the same conditions for a structurally similar, yet irreversible, 'calibration' reaction having rate constants in the range ca. .0001 to .01 cm/sec, where they can be evaluated reliability using straightforward d.c. methods. This comparison enables the extent of departure of apparent observed rate constants from the corresponding 'true' rate constants, for values that approach the suspected measurement limit to be obtained, provided that the data set also includes sufficiently small values of apparent observed rate constants. Originator furnished key words include: true rate constants, positive feedback iR compensation, a.c. polarography, RC dummy cell.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion-entry receptor : cystine transporter xCT

Kaposi9s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of Kaposi9s sarcoma and other lymphoproliferative syndromes often associated with HIV/AIDS. Functional complementary DNA selection for a receptor mediating KSHV cell fusion identified xCT, the 12-transmembrane light chain of the human cystine/glutamate exchange transporter system x –c. Expression of recombinant xCT rendered otherwise not susceptible target cells permissive for both KSHV cell fusion and virion entry. Antibodies against xCT blocked KSHV fusion and entry with naturally permissive target cells. KSHV target cell permissiveness correlated closely with endogenous expression of xCT messenger RNA and protein in diverse human and nonhuman cell types.
Family Composition and Investment in Household Capital: Contrasts in the Behavior of the Husband‐Wife and Female‐Headed Households

This paper estimates a portfolio model that includes investment in human capital, as well as traditional investments of housing, financial assets, and automobiles, and that contrasts portfolios of husband-wife households with female-headed households. Female headed households adjust their portfolios to disequilibria in various stocks more slowly than husband-wife households.
Disasters: Introduction and State of the Art

Fifteen years have passed since the last update on this topic was published in Epidemiologic Reviews (1) and 24 years since the first (2). In the intervening years, disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness have evolved in important ways (3). Clearly, it was time to update the last review. Fifteen years ago, disaster management was simply left to a few dedicated professionals. Roles were clear: Rescue workers rushed to help victims, and certain agencies stepped in to provide temporary shelter and food. Usually within weeks after the disaster's impact, most people forgot about the disaster—until the next one came to wreak new destruction. Unfortunately, disasters throughout the world, such as the series of four destructive hurricanes that struck the southeast coast of the United States from August to September of 2004 (4) and the tsunami disaster in December 2004, have provided ample opportunities to test the policies and recommendations set out in the late 1980s. At least 80 percent of the population growth in the 1990s has occurred in towns and cities. According to the United Nations, in the year 2005, one half of the world's population will live in urban areas, crowded onto just 3 percent of the earth's land. This is an alarming increase in population density. Problems inherent in such rapid growth are especially unwieldy in developing countries; 17 of the 20 largest cities are now in developing countries compared with seven of 20 in 1950. By 2025, 80 percent of the world's population will reside in developing countries. One of every two large cities in the developing world is vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods, severe storms, and earthquakes (3).
Antioxidant enzyme activities in subcellular fractions of larvae of the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes

The black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, larvae are specialized feeders of pro-oxidant rich plants of Apiaceae and Rutaceae. An important defense against toxic forms of oxygen species generated by ingestion of the pro-oxidants, are the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH-dependent glutathione peroxidases (selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase [GPOX] and peroxidase activity of selenium-independent glutathione-S-transferase [GTpx]), and glutathione reductase (GR). The subcellular distribution of these enzymes in black swallowtail larvae was investigated and was found to resemble the patterns described for larvae of two other lepidopteran species: the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. The confinement of SOD in the cytosol and mitochondria was typically eukaryotic, but the relative proportion (1:1) was markedly different from the mammalian pattern (4:1; cytosol:mitochondria). The most obvious difference between the black swallowtail and other lepidoptera as a group, and mammalian species, is in very wide intracellular distributions of CAT, GTpx, and GR in insect species. Insects possess very low levels of a GPOX-like activity which reduces both H2O2 and organic peroxides. Consequently, insects have elaborate activities with a wide subcellular distribution of both CAT which decomposes H2O2, and GTpx which decomposes organic peroxides. The reduction of peroxides is dependent on GSH, which in this process is oxidized to GSSG. GR which reduces GSSG to GSH is also of wide subcellular distribution, analogous to the distribution pattern of GTpx.
Metastatic ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: description of a case and search for actionable targets

Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is an exceedingly rare malignant tumor on the spectrum of already uncommon odontogenic or dentinogenic tumors. We describe here the case of metastatic GCOC in a patient with a history of recurrent dentinogenic ghost cell tumor of the mandible, now presenting with bilateral pleural effusions. We will discuss typical histopathologic and histochemical features of GCOC, along with results of genomic testing and their role in directing therapy.
Outcomes of birmingham hip resurfacing: a systematic review.

Purpose: We performed a systematic review to assess the functional outcomes of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing as reported in peer-reviewed literature. Methods: We performed a computerized search on the data sources up to February 2011. The following text and key words were searched: “Birmingham hip”, “Birmingham hip resurfacing” and “Hip resurfacing”. Each of these key words was again searched with “outcomes” following them. We also hand searched the bibliographies of the retrieved articles and our own files to identify specifically relevant articles. Results: Fourteen retrospective studies and three prospective studies were included for review. Each of these studies was evaluated by the criteria given by Sackett and AACPDM. The design, patient criteria, intervention, outcomes, duration of follow up and results of the research were reported. Conclusions: Although the technique of BHR does allow the femur to be spared, claims that it may allow patients to be more active need to be further investigated.
Integrated radar and communications based on chirped spread-spectrum techniques

Linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals and the associated pulse compression techniques are attractive in applications where highly secure and robust communication is needed. This paper investigates the novel integration of radar and communications utilizing LFM waveforms. The simulations suggest that the performance of the communications-receiver deviates at most 2 dB from the theoretical probability of bit error for /spl pi//4-differential phase shift keying. The simulated radar receiver-operating characteristics for false-alarm probabilities between 10/sup -2/ and 10/sup -4/ also compares very well with the theoretical limits for a coherent system.
Ethylene-sensitive and insensitive regulation of transcription factor expression during in vitro tomato sepal ripening

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, formerly Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. VFNT Cherry sepals, when cultured in vitro between 16 degrees C and 22 degrees C, change their genetic programme to that of ripening fruit. Previously regulation of a number of transcription factors and a putative G-protein-coupled receptor that may be involved in tomato fruit ripening and cool-temperature sepal morphogenesis had been revealed. Many of those genes such as TAG1, TM4, TM6, AP2-like (LeAP2FR), YABBY2-like (LeYAB2), and LeCOR413-PM1 have not been investigated for ethylene regulation. Ethylene-independent, regulated transcripts may be part of an early signalling process induced or de-repressed by cool temperature that causes a switch in the genetic programme of the sepals. In this paper, ethylene regulation of a number of these and other putative signalling factors are investigated during cool-temperature-induced sepal morphogenesis. 1-Methylcyclopropene was used to block ethylene-induced gene expression by interrupting the ethylene signal transduction pathway that occurs in ripening tomato fruits and presumably in ripening sepals. Transcripts of several putative transcription factors previously shown to be up-regulated during cool-temperature-induced sepal morphogenesis (TAG1, TM4, LeAP2FR) were only slightly or not induced in 1-methylcyclopropene-treated sepals, indicating either direct or indirect ethylene regulation. Two genes, VAHOX1, a homeobox domain leucine-zipper-encoding gene, and LeYAB2, a putative zinc-finger transcription factor-encoding gene, increased in treated and untreated sepals indicating regulation by cool temperatures independently of ethylene.
Objective hearing threshold estimation in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by evidence of cochlear function in conjunction with an aberrant auditory neural system. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) cannot be recorded or is grossly abnormal in ANSD patients. Consequently, the fitting of amplification is delayed until behavioral testing is possible. For some ANSD children, behavioral testing is infeasible despite advanced age due to other comorbidities. Therefore, it is crucial to identify a reliable measure of auditory thresholds for ANSD children in order to provide appropriate and timely intervention. Despite an absent ABR, the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) can be recorded from ANSD patients1-4. Previous studies have also shown that hearing thresholds can be reliably measured with the CAEP response in SNHL children5 and its accuracy is as good as or better than that of the ABR6. This report demonstrates the feasibility of using the CAEP to estimate hearing thresholds in ANSD children.
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Fields as an Integrable System and Connections with Other Non-Linear Systems

Integrable properties, i.e. existence of linear systems, infinite number of conservation laws, Riemann-Hilbert transforms, affine Lie algebra of Kac-Moody, and Bianchi-Backlund transformations, are discussed for the constraint equations of the supersymmetric Yang-Mills fields. For N⩾3 these constraint equations give equations of motion of the fields, thus integrating the constraint equations is equivalent to integrate the equation of motion. Further, these equations of motion reduce to the ordinary Yang-Mills equations as the spinor and scalar fields are eliminated. Therefore, these understandings also provide a possible method to solve the full
A 120-GeV Superbooster for Fermilab

A new superconducting accelerator is proposed which would replace the Fermilab Main Ring as an injector for the Energy Doubler and would be a source of protons for producing antiprotons for the p? source. This accelerator would provide 2 × 1013, 120-GeV protons every two and one-half seconds for injection into the Energy Doubler or for antiproton production. The intensity in the Energy Doubler and p?-production rate would be increased by large factors. Magnets similar to the Energy-Doubler magnets would be used.
Fear of Falling

This piece is an adaptation from my book, After a Fall: A Sociomedical Sojourn. It is an autoethnographic account of my first two days in a rehabilitation facility following ankle surgery. It introduces how class, gender, race, ethnicity, and aging intersect each other in the facility.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for Acute Acetabular Fractures

Currently, a highly controversial topic remains the role, for a primary total hip arthroplasty to accompany an open reduction and internal fixation of selective acute displaced acetabular fractures, and especially in elderly and typically osteopenic individuals. A central theme of the controversy focuses on the realistic reconstruction of a displaced and comminuted fracture involving osteopenic bone and the likelihood to achieve a prolonged and favorable long-term clinical outcome for the arthroplasty.
Mechanism of cardiovascular actions of the chromogranin A fragment catestatin in vivo.

Abstract Catestatin (bovine chromogranin A 344–364 ; RSMRLSFRARGYGFRGPGLQL), reduces catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells in vitro. We investigated the effects of this peptide on catecholamine release and blood pressure in vivo. Intravenous catestatin reduced pressor responses to activation of sympathetic outflow by electrical stimulation in rats, and the catestatin effect persisted even after adrenergic (α plus β) blockade. Catestatin did not alter plasma norepinephrine levels, but increased plasma epinephrine 11-fold. Catestatin also blunted pressor responses to exogenous neuropeptide Y agonists. A control peptide (chromogranin A 141–160 ) did not alter pressor or catecholamine responses to electrical stimulation. Pretreatment with a histamine H 1 receptor antagonist blocked both the vasodepressor response to catestatin and the elevation in plasma epinephrine. Catestatin elevated endogenous circulating histamine 21-fold, and exogenous histamine mimicked both the epinephrine elevation and the vasodepressor actions of catestatin. We conclude that catestatin is a potent vasodilator in vivo whose actions appear to be mediated, at least in part, by histamine release and action at H 1 receptors.
A multivariate dental sexing technique

This paper presents a method of sexing skeletal remains using dental measurements. A base sample from a population is sexed with reference to the postcranial skeleton and the dental measurements (buccal-lingual and mesial-distal diameters) are analyzed by the discriminant function technique. A linear function is derived, which will classify by sex the remaining portion of the population.
3-D surface solution using structured light and constraint propagation

A method for 3-D surface measurement using a projected grid of light is presented. The grid line identification problem is solved using very general constraints. At the same time, 3-D surface patch solutions are developed. From the general constraints of set of geometric and topological rules are derived that are effectively applied in the computation of grid labels and hence 3-D surface solutions. A set of five algorithms has been applied on five real scenes consisting of multiple objects of arbitrary shapes. The results show that globally consistent surface solutions can be obtained rapidly with good accuracy using a single image. A small degree of ambiguity remains, but can be further reduced or removed using increased knowledge. >
Tandem Repeat Recombination Induced by Replication Fork Defects in Escherichia coli Requires a Novel Factor, RadC

DnaB is the helicase associated with the DNA polymerase III replication fork in Escherichia coli. Previously we observed that the dnaB107(ts) mutation, at its permissive temperature, greatly stimulated deletion events at chromosomal tandem repeats. This stimulation required recA, which suggests a recombinational mechanism. In this article we examine the genetic dependence of recombination stimulated by the dnaB107 mutation. Gap repair genes recF, recO, and recR were not required. Mutations in recB, required for double-strand break repair, and in ruvC, the Holliday junction resolvase gene, were synthetically lethal with dnaB107, causing enhanced temperature sensitivity. The hyperdeletion phenotype of dnaB107 was semidominant, and in dnaB107/dnaB+ heterozygotes recB was partially required for enhanced deletion, whereas ruvC was not. We believe that dnaB107 causes the stalling of replication forks, which may become broken and require repair. Misalignment of repeated sequences during RecBCD-mediated repair may account for most, but not all, of deletion stimulated by dnaB107. To our surprise, the radC gene, like recA, was required for virtually all recombination stimulated by dnaB107. The biochemical function of RadC is unknown, but is reported to be required for growth-medium-dependent repair of DNA strand breaks. Our results suggest that RadC functions specifically in recombinational repair that is associated with the replication fork.
Effects of Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Metallurgical Structures on Ultrasonic Response Characteristics

Use of titanium is increasing for large asymmetrical airframe structural forgings that frequently require billets with crosssectional dimensions of 16 inches and. larger. Ultrasonic transmission losses and noise levels in titanium are significantly higher than in aluminum and steel alloys previously used in airframe applications. Therefore, sensitivity for flaw detection decreases dramatically as billet sizes and finished part section-thicknesses increase. To meet the demand for improved inspectability, much effort has been directed toward the development of more sensitive instrumentation and inspection techniques. Concurrent with these developments, Alcoa has investigated the effects of macrostructure, microstructure and subtransus deformation on the ultrasonic inspectability of titanium alloy billet and aerospace forgings in an effort to optimize ultrasonic transmission characteristics of the material.
The Influence of Fiber Content and Physical Form of the Diet on the Energy Requirements of Turkeys 1. Studies with Turkey Poults

Abstract THE effects of fiber content and physical form of turkey diets have been studied as separate experimental entities. Only a few reports have appeared in the literature on the effect of dietary energy level on the performance of turkeys. The present paper is the first of a series that will consider the energy requirement of turkeys of different ages and factors that affect this requirement. A review of the literature on turkey poult nutrition reveals that Goff (1932/34) reported the average weight of 16-week-old Bronze poults fed diets containing from 3.77 to 11.62 percent fiber increased as the fiber level decreased. Goodeal and Moore (1941) were among the first to study the influence of physical form of the diet on the performance of poults. They found that mash and pellet-fed poults made similar weight gains to 8 weeks of age. Berg and Bearse (1947) reported that turkey poults fed a …
Using strategic planning to transform a budgeting process

This chapter describes a proactive, institutionwide budgeting process that is directly tied to a community college district's strategic plan in order to provide community college leaders with the information they need to make judgments about cutting or sustaining programs in difficult economic times.
03.1.1. Deriving the Observed Information Matrix in Ordered Probit and Logit Models Using the Complete-Data Likelihood Function

Louis (1982) presents a method for computing the observed information matrix and standard errors of maximum likelihood estimates obtained via the EM algorithm based on the complete-data log likelihood function. The problem illustrates the well-known method of Louis (1982) for a widely used qualitative response model in econometrics. The observed-data log likelihood function for the following model can, of course, be easily differentiated to obtain the observed information matrix; our objective is to illustrate the method and not to recommend its use for this model.
Tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5) is the most recent oral agent to receive FDA approval for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Objective: With several new agents emerging for the treatment of PAH, this article reviews tadalafil, the compound and its properties, clinical evidence supporting its use, and the role of tadalafil in the current treatment approach for patients with PAH. Methods: A broad PubMed literature search was performed to identify the most current data on the use of tadalafil for PAH. Results: Tadalafil received FDA approval in 2009 following the recently published pivotal trial that demonstrated that the use of tadalafil 40 mg once daily was well tolerated, improved exercise capacity and quality of life measures and reduced time to clinical worsening in PAH patients. As the second PDE-5 inhibitor to gain approval for PAH, clinical properties such as its long half-life leading to once-daily dosing and possibly improved complianc...
Adaptive iterative detection for turbo codes on flat fading channels

Several structures for adaptive iterative detection (AID) for fading channels have been described in the literature. One approach to AID, iterative detection with a decoupled estimator, has been proposed with hard decision feedback. Recently, it was noted that a soft decoder (e.g., turbo decoder) makes it possible to feed back soft information on data to the decoupled channel estimator. In this paper we present adaptive iterative detection with a decoupled channel estimator (decoupled-AID) based on hard or soft decision feedback from a turbo decoder. The performance of the decoupled-AID on two modulation methods (e.g., punctured-QPSK, 8PSK) is compared. As a decoupled channel estimator, the Wiener filter and Kalman filter are considered based on probabilistic channel models. A new feedback method, which uses partial soft information with or without amplitude normalization, is proposed.
Phenomenological treatment of surface second-harmonic generation

A phenomenological treatment of surface second-harmonic generation that can be applied to a host of geometries of interest is presented. We consider four standard experimental geometries and show that the expressions for the surface second-harmonic generated power can all be written in one compact form, from which the dependence of the signal on polarization, angle of incidence, and other experimental parameters can be extracted. The bulk second-harmonic generation is also included with this formalism, as we show explicity for one geometry.
Comparison of the critical period for weed control in wide- and narrow-row corn

Abstract Field studies were conducted near Blackville, SC, in 2002 and 2003 and near Pendleton, SC, in 2003 to compare the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in narrow- (48 cm) and wide-row (97 cm) corn. A series of treatments of increasing duration of weed interference and length of weed-free period were imposed within each row spacing. Diversity and density of the weed spectrum were greater at Blackville than at Pendleton. Weed interference duration and weed-free period curves were similar between row widths for each of the 3 site-years. Averaged over row width, the CPWC was 36 to 40 d longer at Blackville than at Pendleton. The CPWC began 5 to 9 d after corn emergence (DAE) (one- to two-leaf stage) and ended 45 to 53 DAE (eight- to 10-leaf stage) at Blackville. At Pendleton, the CPWC was only 4 d, beginning 21 DAE (five-leaf stage) and ending 25 DAE (five- to six-leaf stage). Light interception by corn at Blackville at the end of the CPWC averaged 78%, but light interception averaged only 31% at P...
High frequency cage rotor designs

It is shown that two-dimensional finite-element (FE) analysis in combination with geometrical considerations and interface with a detailed model can be a valuable tool in the analysis of nested loop rotor structures which are characteristic of brushless doubly fed machines. Two-dimensional FE analysis is used to investigate basic rotor bar characteristics. Interface with a detailed simulation program permits the investigation of assembled rotors, otherwise a 3D analysis problem. Rotor bar geometries for a high-speed alternator are investigated. Bar shapes are kept simple to allow manufacturing of the rotor in the absence of die-casting equipment. Rotor prototypes are constructed using custom, laser-cut laminations, and experimental results for the alternator are investigated. Bar shapes are kept simple to allow manufacturing of the rotor in the absence of die-casting equipment. Rotor prototypes are constructed using custom, laser-cut laminations, and experimental results for the alternator verify improved line-to-shaft efficiencies over conventional rotor geometries as well as off-the-shelf alternators. >
Utility valuations of health states after traumatic brain injury: preliminary results

METHODS: We did a 2 year (2011-2012) analysis of National Trauma Data Bank.We included all patients with isolated severe TBI (head AIS 3 and other body AIS<3). Patients were divided into two groups: Hypothermic (admission temperature <35 C) and Normothermic (admission temperature 35 C).Our outcome measures were mortality, hospital, and ICU length of stay.We performed missing values analysis and multiple imputation technique to account for missing data. Propensity score matching was performed adjusting for age, gender, race, insurance status, h-AIS, ISS, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation.