cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteasomal Degradation and N-terminal Protease Resistance of the Codon 145 Mutant Prion Protein*

An amber mutation at codon 145 (Y145stop) of the prion protein gene results in a variant of an inherited human prion disease named Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome. The characteristic features of this disorder include amyloid deposits of prion protein in cerebral parenchyma and vessels. We have studied the biosynthesis and processing of the prion protein containing the Y145stop mutation (PrP145) in transfected human neuroblastoma cells in an attempt to clarify the effect of the mutation on the metabolism of PrP145 and to gain insight into the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Our results demonstrate that 1) a significant proportion of PrP145 is not processed post-translationally and retains the N-terminal signal peptide, 2) most PrP145 is degraded very rapidly by the proteasome-mediated pathway, 3) blockage of proteasomal degradation results in intracellular accumulation of PrP145, 4) most of the accumulated PrP145 is detergent-insoluble, and both the detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions are resistant to mild proteinase K (PK) treatment, suggesting that PK resistance is not simply because of aggregation. The present study demonstrates for the first time that a mutant prion protein is degraded through the proteasomal pathway and acquires PK-resistance if degradation is impaired.
Storying Childhood Sexual Abuse

A theoretical framework that explains how survivors of childhood sexual abuse tell others about their abuse experiences is presented. Data are drawn from open-ended interviews conducted with 74 individuals who experienced ongoing childhood sexual abuse by a family member or close acquaintance. Grounded theory methods were used to develop the framework. The psychosocial problem shared by the participants is that childhood sexual abuse both demands and defies explanation. The core psychosocial process used in response to this problem is storying childhood sexual abuse. The framework includes five processes, and the stories associated with each process vary in their nature and function. The processes and associated stories are (a) starting the story: the story-not-yet-told, (b) coming out with the story: the story-first-told, (c) shielding the story: the story-as-secret, (d) revising the story: the story-as-account, and (e) sharing the story: the story-as-message. Clinical applications of the framework are discussed.
Cross‐modal associative transfer of response sensitization in infants

The effects on visual fixation of a forward pairing relation between a visual stimulus and a tone were investigated. Forward pairings of an adult female smiling face and the 1000 Hz 75 dB tone resulted in increases in the attentional response to the face, while Backward pairings of face and tone led to response decrements. Forward pairings of the face and the 75 dB tone elicited more fixation than did Forward pairings of the face and a 1000 Hz, 65 dB tone, and also more fixation than that elicited by the face alone. These findings demonstrate rapid associative learning in human infants, possibly mediated by the transfer of response sensitizing properties from tone to visual stimulus.
Vertically pointing radar reflectivity uncertainties and their impact on retrieved raindrop size distribution parameters

Vertically pointing radars transmit tens-of-thousands of radar pulses in order to generate a single profile of Doppler velocity power spectra. After correcting for the vertical air motion, the Doppler velocity power spectra can be used to estimate the raindrop size distribution (RDSD) [1, 2]. Assuming that the precipitation is stationary during the observation interval, processing more independent radar pulses results in smaller measurement uncertainties and more accurate reflectivity estimates [3]. The focus of this study is to understand how reflectivity uncertainties propagate into uncertainties in the retrieved RDSD parameters including the mean raindrop diameter D m and the rain rate R.
Measuring robustness of a fault tolerant aerospace system

In commercial literature, the meaning of the term fault tolerant has become vague. We describe a system used to measure the robustness of a fault tolerant aerospace system developed at IBM, present the data collected during the project, and report conclusions and areas for future work. >
Is Nitrate in the Drinking Water Associated with the Risk of Cancer in the Urban UK

Several studies have suggested that nitrate levels in drinking water may be linked with stomach cancer. Recent investigations of this hypothesis in rural areas of the UK, where nitrate levels can be high, have been inconclusive. The present study examined mortality data for the years 1969-1973 in 253 urban areas in relation to treated water nitrate levels. Variations in socioeconomic status and urban area size were taken into account. Drinking water nitrate levels were negatively associated with mortality from stomach cancer even when the analysis was restricted to urban areas with nitrate levels above the EEC guide. There was no evidence of a positive association between nitrate in the drinking water and the risk of stomach cancer in the urban areas of the UK, an important finding for the British water industry.
Efficient Fault Tolerant Topology Control for Three-Dimensional Wireless Networks

Fault tolerant topology control in wireless networks has been studied recently. In order to achieve both sparseness (i.e., the number of links is linear with the number of nodes) and fault tolerance (i.e., can survive certain level of node/link failures), different geometric topologies were proposed and used as the underlying network topologies for wireless networks. However, most of the existing topology control algorithms can only be applied to 2-dimensional (2D) networks where all nodes are distributed in a 2D plane. In practice, wireless networks may be deployed in 3-dimensional (3D) space, such as underwater wireless sensor networks in ocean or ad hoc networks in space. This paper seeks to investigate efficient fault tolerant topology control protocols for 3D wireless networks. Our new protocols not only guarantee the kappa-connectivity of the network, but also ensure the bounded node degree and constant power stretch factor. All of our proposed protocols are localized algorithms, which only use one-hop neighbor information and constant messages with small time complexity. Our simulation confirms our theoretical proofs for all proposed 3D topologies.
Mechanisms Leading to the Development of Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Advanced and metastatic prostate cancers remain potentially lethal tumors. Although androgen deprivation therapy remains the most effective treatment, patients who progress to androgen independence die of their disease. This article focuses on the mechanisms by which hormone resistance develops, including the reactivation of androgen receptor during androgen deprivation therapy, the role of cancer stem cells, and the emergence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition cells, which have increased metastatic potential. It is through an enhanced understanding of these mechanisms that new therapies can be developed to combat this disease.
Optimum probability model selection using Akaike's information criterion for low power applications

Optimal probability model selection for power estimation in low power VLSI applications is studied. Akaike's information criterion is used to estimate the optimal number of components in a mixture density model for the simulated power data. Theory behind the proposed algorithm is discussed followed by experimental results for ISCAS '85 benchmark circuits and a large industrial circuit. The method is shown to perform well for both large and small circuits even when the number of observed samples is small. The algorithm is promising as a pre-processing step to automatically compute the optimal probability model before any other power estimation procedure is applied. We also note that the method is applicable to other problems in VLSI for model selection.
Direct integration of magnetoelectric sensors with microelectronics—Improved field sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and frequency response

The large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in the ME laminates makes them attractive for ultrasensitive room temperature magnetic sensors. Here we investigate the field sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ME laminates, consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers (Metglas and piezopolymer PVDF were used as the model system), which are directly integrated with two different modes of low noise readout circuits — charge mode and voltage mode. For the sensor system with charge mode readout circuit, both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that increasing the number of piezolayer layers can improve the SNR, especially at low frequencies. We also introduce a figure of merit to measure the overall influence of the piezolayer properties on the SNR and show that the newly developed piezoelectric single crystals of PMN-PT and PZN-PT have the promise to achieve a very high SNR and consequently ultra-high sensitivity room temperature magnetic sensors. The results show that the ME coefficients used in early ME composites development works may not be relevant to the SNR. The results also show that enhancing the piezomagnetic coefficient, for example, by employing the flux concentration effect, can lead to enhanced SNR. For the sensor system in-package with voltage mode readout circuits, both theories and experiments show that the system in package exhibits frequency independent field sensitivity at the whole frequency range of interests. The package ME sensors investigated here show the potential of chip scale ME magnetic sensors with high SNR and sensitivity.
The Half-Opened Door: Researching Admissions Discrimination at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton

education have presented either a centennial-pictorial overview of a particular institution's glorious achievements (often the author's alma mater) or a narrative account of its presidential administrations. There have, of course, been notable exceptions that transcend even the latter format, but most institutional histories suffer from the same defects.2 They portray the college or university in a generally complimentary light and interpret its history from the perspective of the president, whose papers were generally among the first to be collected and organized for research by college archives. But a president's papers do not indicate fully the attitudes of those who disagreed with his leadership. Although the president has usually been the central figure, the roles of faculty, students, trustees, and alumni should also be examined, especially in times of change, crisis, or progress. For a complete picture, a wide range of university records must be consulted, together with such external sources of opinion on the institution's activities as magazine and newspaper reports. It is to be hoped that in time every college and university will have a written history that shows the interaction of different individuals and groups in the formation and implementation of policy. In researching The Half-Opened Door, I endeavored to find out and then explain in a historical narrative how universities operated behind the scenes in selecting their clientele, a number of whom would become tomorrow's leaders. While admissions policy is only one area of a university's history, the selection of students is crucial to its overall
Clean Up of a Legislative Disaster: Avoiding the Constitution Under the Original CERCLA

The congressional process leading to the enactment of the original CERCLA in December 1980 was a legislative disaster. The “compromise” statute which emerged left many gaps and ambiguities for the federal courts to resolve. These included deletions of the phrase “joint and several,” of the right of contribution, and of the statute of limitations provision that had appeared in earlier bills. The structure of the statute imposing retroactive liability on multiple parties for the same cleanup in informal administrative and complex judicial proceedings presented substantial legal questions. From 1981 to 1986, the Department of Justice advocated interpretations of the statute that pushed the regime to the very limits of or ignored the Constitution. Presented with these interpretations, the federal courts had to consider the definitions of those limits. This sometimes led to judicial interpretations of CERCLA to avoid the constitutional difficulties. Here we consider several of these lower court interpretations – the right of contribution, the “sufficient cause” exception to statutory fines, and the statute of limitations. Amendments to CERCLA in 1986 largely short-circuit the judicial need to further address these matters.
Assessment of carbon nanotube yarns as reinforcement for composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with outstanding electrical and thermal conductivities and mechanical properties. Recent advances in CNT manufacturing have made bulk forms such as yarns, tapes and sheets available in commercial quantities to permit the evaluation of these materials for aerospace use. The high tensile properties of CNT composites can be exploited in tension-dominated applications such as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). To investigate their utility in this application, aluminum (Al) rings were overwrapped with thermoset/CNT yarn, thermally cured under a vacuum bag, and their mechanical properties measured. Fabrication parameters such as CNT/resin ratio, tension applied during winding, and the number of CNT yarn layers were investigated to determine their effects on the mechanical performance of overwrapped Al rings. Mechanical properties of the CNT composite overwrapped Al rings (CCOARs) were measured under static and cyclic loads at room, elevated, and cryogenic temperatures to evaluate their performance relative to bare Al rings. The ultimate load carried by the composite overwrap in the CCOARs increased with increasing number of wraps. The wet winding process for the CCOAR fabrication improved load transfer compared to the dry winding process due to enhanced interfacial adhesion between the CNT yarn and the applied resin. Wet winding Al rings with CNT yarn/thermoset overwraps resulted in ∼11% increase in weight relative to the bare ring and increased the room temperature breaking load by over 200%.
Syntax-directed editor support for incremental consistency maintenance

Consistency maintenance is dependency-directed recompilation of a multi-component software system during development or maintenance. Incremental consistency maintenance requires an interactive setting, and a finer granularity of dependencies and processing than is possible with batch compilation technology. The technology of syntax-directed editors offers characteristics which are ideally suited to the task of incremental consistency maintenance. In particular, the use of attribute grammars to provide static semantic analysis has several specific advantages, including a fine granularity of dependencies and processing, and algorithms that update an attributed tree with a minimal amount of processing. However, several shortcomings of this approach have been identified. The described research addresses these shortcomings with extensions to the technology of syntax-directed editor generation. The principal extension is the addition of specific support for naming semantics in an SDE generator system. This support takes the form of a naming specification language (NSL), which extends the existing syntax and AG description language, and a kernel naming layer (KNL), which is incorporated into the editor kernel architecture. NSL supports the designation of name declaration and reference sites, the designation of productions that embody scopes, and specification of visibility of names between related scopes. NSL is highlighted by its powerful mechanisms for describing various visibility features. The KNL augments the syntax tree structure with additional edges from identifier usage sites to declaration sites. These edges provide efficient communication of semantic information (attributes) from declarations to references. The additional substrate edges, and the attribute propagation they support, introduce a coordination problem during incremental evaluation of the attributed substrate. An algorithm for performing efficient, coordinated attribute evaluation on this augmented substrate is presented as an important contribution of this thesis. The algorithm is an extension of a tree-based incremental evaluator due to Reps.
Measurement of the {sup 237}Np(n,{gamma}) cross section from 20 meV to 500 keV with a high efficiency, highly segmented 4{pi} BaF{sub 2} detector

The $^{237}\mathrm{Np}$($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{238}\mathrm{Np}$ cross section has been measured in the neutron energy range from 20 meV to 500 keV using the DANCE array at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This new facility allows experiments with submilligram samples and is therefore well suited to investigate isotopes with half-lives as low as a few hundred days. In this benchmark measurement, only 0.42 mg of $^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ was sufficient to determine differential cross sections relative to the well-known resonance at 0.5 eV. The thermal cross section was measured to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2200\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}}=177\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5$ barn, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathit{kT}=25.3\mathrm{meV}}=167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ barn and the resonance integral to $\mathit{RI}=693\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6$ barn.
Posttranscriptional m(6)A Editing of HIV-1 mRNAs Enhances Viral Gene Expression.

Covalent addition of a methyl group to adenosine N(6) (m(6)A) is an evolutionarily conserved and common RNA modification that is thought to modulate several aspects of RNA metabolism. While the presence of multiple m(6)A editing sites on diverse viral RNAs was reported starting almost 40 years ago, how m(6)A editing affects virus replication has remained unclear. Here, we used photo-crosslinking-assisted m(6)A sequencing techniques to precisely map several m(6)A editing sites on the HIV-1 genome and report that they cluster in the HIV-1 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Viral 3' UTR m(6)A sites or analogous cellular m(6)A sites strongly enhanced mRNA expression in cis by recruiting the cellular YTHDF m(6)A "reader" proteins. Reducing YTHDF expression inhibited, while YTHDF overexpression enhanced, HIV-1 protein and RNA expression, and virus replication in CD4+ T cells. These data identify m(6)A editing and the resultant recruitment of YTHDF proteins as major positive regulators of HIV-1 mRNA expression.
Research on Futures Index based on Complex Network Theory

We study the relativity and the overall characters of the futures indexes based on complex network theory.Small-world effect,assortative mixing,the topological structures and the degree distributions of the futures index network are observed.The relationship between the futures indexes and the industries is analyzed.The unweighted and weighted complex networks are built,which takes 40 futures indexes in the Webstock as nodes,and with the correlation of the futures indexes' fluctuation as boundaries.Then,the topological structures of the networks are analyzed utilizing the theories of complex network.The results show that the unweighted complex network has the small-world effect with the small threshold.The unweighted complex network has the obvious assortative mixing between the domestic and abroad futures indexes.It also has the less obvious assortative mixing between the agricultural and nonagricultural futures indexes.The weighted complex network does not have the scale-free property.The oil and copper which are the most important industry materials in the world economy,have more influence in the network.The impact of the futures indexes on the futures market reflects the impact of the futures categories on the world economy.From the point of view of domestic and foreign categories,the foreign futures have more influence on the market,and the domestic futures have less influence on the market.
The Social Determinants of Health

With co-author, Scott Burris, this chapter examines the “social determinants of health”—the resources and conditions in our social and physical environments that influence exposure and vulnerability as well as immunity to proximate causes of acute or chronic illness and toxins or pathogens. It begins by explaining the social determinants of health, paying attention to the impact of race and ethnicity, low income, inequality, and education on health status and healthcare services. It then turns to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its role in increasing equitable access to high-quality healthcare and in promoting improved integration of the health and healthcare systems. It also considers the ways in which the ACA may not succeed in adopting a social determinants approach. Finally, it reflects on how law can help create a “culture of health” based on established public health strategies and by addressing social determinants through structural reform.
Effects of exercise on bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice

NIH/Swiss mice were used to study the effects of exercise on bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity. After a 2-week exercise acclimation program the mice were treated with bleomycin sc twice a week and swim-exercised for 1 hour three times a week for 6 weeks. Based on higher mortality and significant weight loss in the exercise-drug-treated mice and a comparison of histological data, it is concluded that exercise exacerbates the toxicity of bleomycin.
The 14q+ chromosome in pre-B-ALL

A child who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with an 8;14 chromosome translocation and with a pre-B phenotype is described. The leukemic cells were determined to be pre-B-cells on the basis of intracytoplasmic mu-chain immunoglobulin (cIgM+) and the common-ALL antigen, lack of receptors for sheep erythrocytes, and lack of surface immunoglobulin. The 8;14 translocation is frequently found in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and in most patients with B-cell ALL and is known to carry a poor prognosis. Thus far, no karyotypes have been reported for patients with pre-B-ALL. The present case indicates that a 14q+ chromosome may provide a proliferative advantage not only to cells with a B-cell phenotype, but also to pre-B-cells. The short survival of our patient also suggests that the 14q+ abnormality and the pre-B phenotype may signal a poor prognosis.
Can SLE classification rules be effectively applied to diagnose unclear SLE cases

Objective The objective of this paper is to develop novel classification criteria to distinguish between unclear systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) cases. Methods A total of 205 variables from 111 SLE and 55 MCTD patients were evaluated to uncover unique molecular and clinical markers for each disease. Binomial logistic regressions (BLRs) were performed on currently used SLE and MCTD classification criteria sets to obtain six reduced models with power to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients that were confirmed by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Decision trees were employed to delineate novel classification rules to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients. Results SLE and MCTD patients exhibited contrasting molecular markers and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, reduced models highlighted SLE patients exhibiting prevalence of skin rashes and renal disease while MCTD cases show dominance of myositis and muscle weakness. Additionally decision tree analyses revealed a novel classification rule tailored to differentiate unclear SLE and MCTD patients (Lu-vs-M) with an overall accuracy of 88%. Conclusions Validation of our novel proposed classification rule (Lu-vs-M) includes novel contrasting characteristics (calcinosis, CPK elevated and anti-IgM reactivity for U1-70K, U1A and U1C) between SLE and MCTD patients and showed a 33% improvement in distinguishing these disorders when compared to currently used classification criteria sets. Pending additional validation, our novel classification rule is a promising method to distinguish between patients with unclear SLE and MCTD diagnosis.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanobiology of Cancer

Besides biochemical interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment, the mechanical involvement of tumor–stroma interactions has recently emerged as an important contributor for tumor progression. Indeed, solid tumors often initiate by a fibrotic state associated with increased matrix deposition and remodeling, an important contributor of tumor progression. Specifically in breast cancer patients, the presence of dense clusters of collagen fibrils, or fibrotic foci, associated with significant increased tissue rigidity, is a prognostic marker of distant metastasis and correlates with poor survival. Clinical and experimental data have shed light on the role of extracellular matrix stiffness during progression to invasive and metastatic tumors, especially regarding breast cancer. Here we describe how extracellular matrix stiffness contributes to tumorigenesis, through different roles on tumor cells or stromal cells, at the primary tumor and at metastatic sites. Eventually we discuss the latest and most promising therapeutic approaches targeting or taking advantage of this newly defined implication of mechanoregulation in cancer progression.
Magnetar Powered Ordinary Type IIP Supernovae

We investigate the properties of Type IIP supernovae that are dominantly powered by the rotational kinetic energy of the newly born neutron star. While the spin-down of a magnetar has previously been proposed as a viable energy source in the context of super-luminous supernovae, we show that a similar mechanism could produce both normal and peculiar Type IIP supernova light curves from red supergiant progenitors for a range of initial spin periods and equivalent dipole magnetic field strengths. Although the formation channel for such magnetars in a typical red supergiant progenitor is unknown, it is tantalizing that this proof of concept model is capable of producing ordinary Type IIP lightcurve properties, perhaps implying that rotation rate and magnetic field strength may play important roles in some ordinary looking Type IIP supernova explosions.
A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in Drosophila melanogaster.

This study reports on a putative eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway in Drosophila melanogaster and challenges the currently held view that mechanistic routes to synthesize eicosanoid or eicosanoid-like biolipids do not exist in insects, since to date, putative fly homologs of most mammalian enzymes have not been identified. Here we use systematic and comprehensive bioinformatics approaches to identify most of the mammalian eicosanoid synthesis enzymes. Sensitive sequence analysis techniques identified candidate Drosophila enzymes that share low global sequence identities with their human counterparts. Twenty Drosophila candidates were selected based upon (a) sequence identity with human enzymes of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches, (b) similar domain architecture and structural conservation of the catalytic domain, and (c) presence of potentially equivalent functional residues. Evaluation of full-length structural models for these 20 top-scoring Drosophila candidates revealed a surprising degree of conservation in their overall folds and potential analogs for functional residues in all 20 enzymes. Although we were unable to identify any suitable candidate for lipoxygenase enzymes, we report structural homology models of three fly cyclooxygenases. Our findings predict that the D. melanogaster genome likely codes for one or more pathways for eicosanoid or eicosanoid-like biolipid synthesis. Our study suggests that classical and/or novel eicosanoids mediators must regulate biological functions in insects–predictions that can be tested with the power of Drosophila genetics. Such experimental analysis of eicosanoid biology in a simple model organism will have high relevance to human development and health.
Combined pleuroscopy and endobronchial ultrasound for diagnosis and staging of suspected lung cancer

The standard approach to staging of lung cancer in patients with pleural effusion (clinical M1a) is thoracentesis followed by pleural biopsies if the cytologic analysis is negative. If pleural biopsy findings are negative, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is used to complete the staging process and, in some cases, obtain diagnosis. In this case series we report 7 patients in which a combined procedure was performed for staging of known or suspected lung cancer. We found that the combined approach was both feasible and safe in this case series.
Feasibility of Cisplatin-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients With Diminished Renal Function

Abstract Background Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before radical cystectomy is the standard of care in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. There are limited data regarding chemotherapy tolerability and outcomes for patients with low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) who receive cisplatin-based NAC. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who received cisplatin-based NAC at Cleveland Clinic (2005-2016) was undertaken. Patients with pre-NAC GFR Results Thirty patients with low GFR (34-59 mL/min) and 94 patients with normal GFR (≥ 60 mL/min) were identified. Low GFR patients were older (median, 71 vs. 65 years), but other demographic and transurethral resection of bladder tumor characteristics were comparable. Low GFR patients more frequently had early NAC discontinuation (30% vs. 13%), NAC modifications (delays, dose reduction, or discontinuation, 66% vs. 40%), and cisplatin-based NAC administered in split doses (37% vs. 16%). No differences in NAC tolerability or outcomes were noted among low GFR patients receiving split-dose versus standard regimens. No differences were noted between low and normal GFR patients in NAC cycles (median, 3 for each), cystectomy rates (93% for each), time to cystectomy, and GFR change from baseline to after NAC. Pathologic complete response was higher among normal GFR patients (24% vs. 14%). Conclusion Patients with low GFR had more NAC discontinuations and modifications, but most completed planned NAC cycles. For carefully selected patients with GFR
How accurate are the parametrized correlation energies of the uniform electron gas

Density functional approximations to the exchange-correlation energy are designed to be exact for an electron gas of uniform density parameter ${r}_{s}$ and relative spin polarization $\ensuremath{\zeta}$, requiring a parametrization of the correlation energy per electron ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{c}({r}_{s},\ensuremath{\zeta})$. We consider three widely used parametrizations [J. P. Perdew and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 23, 5048 (1981) or PZ81, S. H. Vosko, L. Wilk, and M. Nusair, Can. J. Phys. 58, 1200 (1980) or VWN80, and J. P. Perdew and Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 45, 13244 (1992) or PW92] that interpolate the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) correlation energies of Ceperley-Alder [Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 566 (1980)], while extrapolating them to known high-$({r}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)$ and low- $({r}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty})$ density limits. For the physically important range $0.5\ensuremath{\le}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\le}20$, they agree closely with one another, with differences of 0.01 eV (0.5%) or less between the latter two. The density parameter interpolation (DPI), designed to predict these energies by interpolation between the known high- and low-density limits, with almost no other input (and none for $\ensuremath{\zeta}=0$), is also reasonably close, both in its original version and with corrections for $\ensuremath{\zeta}\ensuremath{\ne}0$. Moreover, the DPI and PW92 at ${r}_{s}=0.5$ are very close to the high-density expansion. The larger discrepancies with the QMC of Spink et al. [Phys. Rev. B 88, 085121 (2013)], of order 0.1 eV (5%) at ${r}_{s}=0.5$, are thus surprising, suggesting that the constraint-based PW92 and VWN80 parametrizations are more accurate than the QMC for ${r}_{s}l2$. For ${r}_{s}g2$, however, the QMC of Spink et al. confirms the dependence upon relative spin polarization predicted by the parametrizations.
Sediment Transport, River Morphology, and River Engineering

Unit stream power is the most important and dominant parameter for the determination of transport rate of sand, gravel, and hyper-concentrated sediment with wash load. The unit stream power theory can also be applied to the study of surface erosion. The unit stream power theory can be derived from the basic theories in turbulence and fluid mechanics. Minimum energy dissipation rate theory, or its simplified minimum unit stream power and minimum stream power theories, can be derived from the basic thermodynamic law based on the analogy between a thermo system and a river system. It can also be derived directly from mathematical argument for a dissipative system under dynamic equilibrium condition. The minimum energy dissipation rate theory and its simplified theories of minimum unit stream power and minimum stream power can provide engineers the needed theoretical basis for river morphology and hydraulic engineering studies. The Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation computer model series have been developed based on the above theories. The computer model series have been successfully applied in many countries for solving hydraulic engineering and reservoir sedimentation problems. Examples will be used to illustrate the applications of the computer models to solving a wide range of river morphology, river engineering, and reservoir sedimentation problems.
Token entrepreneurs: a review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship

This article reviews the literature on gender and entrepreneurship in technology to explore individual and contextual factors maintaining the token status of women in this field. It examines how th...
A Note on Using UCA Cash Flow Analysis to Discern the Purpose(s) of a Firm’s Short-Term Debt

This note uses the Uniform Credit Analysis (UCA) Cash Flow Statement to explore the purpose(s) of a firm’s short-term debt. Employing a fictional firm, we examine whether the firm’s short-term borrowing is entirely intended to fund the firm’s net current assets. The results suggest a financing mismatch in the firm’s use of short-term debt in all three years of the study period, either to help fund the firm’s investment in capital (long-term) assets or to cover the firm’s current portion of long-term debt. This analysis provides a useful technique for lending institutions to discern whether potential or existing commercial customers are using short-term debt for a purpose(s) other than supporting net current assets.
Native American Diabetes Prevention Intervention Programs: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose: Diabetes is one of the biggest health problems for the American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The purpose of this study was to review lifestyle based diabetes interventions from January 1995 to January 2015. Methods: The target population within this systematic review was adult American Indians and Alaska Natives. Four databases (Medline, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and JSTOR) were used to find articles, of which nine articles met the inclusion criteria of being either an intervention or prevention program that reported at least one physiological or biological indicator of diabetes. Results: Among the nine articles reviewed, six articles showed significant changes of physiological indicators. Three of the studies only targeted the female population. Most of the programs lasted between 6 to 12 months. A major limitation among intervention or prevention programs was an inadequate use of a theoretical behavior change model. Conclusion: Overall, it was found that physical activities and diet -based methods have the potential for diabetes prevention and intervention programs among American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Recommendations for future research include using randomized controlled trial research design, and using theory to guide program development.
Misalignment Tolerant DWPT Charger for EV Roadways with Integrated Foreign Object Detection and Driver Feedback System

To achieve a safe and efficient dynamic wireless charging of EVs, a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) system could employ various real-time roadside information (e.g. measurements of vehicular misalignment, speed, and foreign object presence) and vehicle-side information (DWPT receiver input, driver input, etc.). In this paper, an intelligent Vehicle Detection & Information system (VDIS) is proposed which incorporates these pieces of information to implement a misalignment-tolerant DWPT system. The proposed VDIS helps the DWPT controller adjust the power transfer to achieve misalignment tolerance, deploys an emergency shutdown in case a foreign object is detected on the electrified track, helps the driver improve the alignment of the vehicle with the charging track, and allows the driver to initiate or terminate charging. The designed prototype is successfully tested on a dynamically charged 25-kW electric bus (E-bus).
A 485 year record of atmospheric chloride, nitrate and sulfate: results of chemical analysis of ice cores from Dyer Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula

Detailed ionic analyses of Dyer Plateau snow show that major soluble impurities in snow consist of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3 −), sulfate (SO4 2−), and acidity (H+). The ratios of Na+ to Cl− concentrations are close to that of sea water, indicating little or no fractionation of sea-salt aerosols. The analyses of core sections from three sites along a 10 km transect show that local spatial variation of snow chemistry in this area is minimal and that temporal (decadal, inter-annual and sub-annual) variations in snow chemistry are very well preserved. Anion analyses of the upper 181 m section of two 235 m ice cores yield a data set of 485 years (1505-1989) of annual snow accumulation and fluxes of Cl−, NO3 −, and non-sea-salt (nss) SO4 2−. No significant long-term trends are observed in any of the anion fluxes. This is consistent with other Antarctic ice-core records showing no significant anthropogenic atmospheric pollution in the high southern latitudes. Linear regression analysis shows that Cl− flux is independent of snow-accumulation rate. Significant positive correlations are found between accumulation rate and both NO3 − flux and background nss-SO4 2− flux. These results suggest that dry deposition is primarily responsible for air-to-ground Cl− flux while wet deposition dominates the NO3 − and nss-SO4 2− flux (≥90% and ≥75%, respectively). The nss-S04 2− fluxes provide a chronology of explosive volcanic emissions reaching the Antarctic region for the past 485 years.
The narrative structure of stressful interpersonal events

Abstract Narrating personal experiences helps people make sense of them and contributes to improved well-being. However, little is known about how people recount stressful experiences that are interpersonal in nature. In this study, middle-aged North American women (N = 36), with lifetime histories of victimization, provided accounts of a recent stressful interpersonal event. High Point Analysis was applied to analyze the narratives. The majority (55%) of narratives were characterized by extensive evaluative content, categorized as End at High Point. The next most common (38%) category of responses were Emotional Narratives, characterized by a concentration of evaluative statements with little or no complicating action. Thus, participants’ memories of their stressful interpersonal events were caught in an unresolved, emotionally charged, limbo. Results reveal a novel approach to analyzing narratives of interpersonal stressors, and shed light on the relationship between victimization histories and narration of interpersonal experiences.
Dynamical chaos in silicon micro-cavity optomechanics for physically-enhanced information processing (Conference Presentation)

This Conference Presentation, “Dynamical chaos in silicon micro-cavity optomechanics for physically-enhanced information processing” was recorded at Photonics West OPTO 2020, held in San Francisco, California, USA.
Supply Chain Disruptions: Firm, Competitor, Supplier, and Customer Impact

This study expands the work on contagion effects caused by supply chain disruptions beyond the impacted firm and competitors to its customers and suppliers. Using hand-collected data, we analyze the news announcements to determine those that resulted in disruptions in supply, demand, production, inventory, distribution, or transportation at one or more stages of a supply chain across different types of disruptions and across six market segments. Using event study methodology and regression analysis, we find statistically significant negative share price responses to announcement of supply chain disruptions for the affected firm and its competitors, but not for consumer and supplier firms. Competitors in more concentrated industries, with higher growth prospects, or with higher debt ratios, are more impacted by disruptions by peer firms. Customers firms in less competitive industries, who exhibit higher risk, or have overall lower sales react more negatively to disruption announcements.
External Validation of the Skilled Nursing Facility Prognosis Score for Predicting Mortality, Hospital Readmission, and Community Discharge in Veterans

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Prognostic tools are needed to identify patients at high risk for adverse outcomes receiving post-acute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and provide high-value care. The SNF Prognosis Score was developed in a Medicare sample to predict a composite of long-term SNF stay, hospital readmission, or death during the SNF stay. Our goal was to evaluate the score's performance in an external validation cohort. DESIGN Retrospective observational analysis. SETTING We used a Veterans Administration (VA) Residential History File that concatenates VA, Medicare, and Medicaid claims to identify care trajectories across settings and payers for individual veterans. PARTICIPANTS Previously community-dwelling veterans receiving post-acute care in a SNF after hospitalization from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. Both VA and non-VA hospitals and SNFs were included. MEASUREMENTS We calculated the five-item SNF Prognosis Score for all eligible veterans in our sample and determined its discrimination (using a receiver operating characteristic curve) and calibration (plotting observed and expected events). RESULTS The 386,483 veterans in our sample had worse physical function, more comorbidities, and were more likely to be treated for heart failure, but they had shorter index hospital lengths of stay and fewer catheters than the original Medicare cohort. The SNF Prognosis Score had similar discrimination (C-statistic = .70; .75 in the derivation cohort) and calibration at low to moderate levels of risk; at high levels, calibration was poorer with the score overestimating risks of adverse events. CONCLUSION The SNF Prognosis Score has reasonable discrimination and calibration, and it is simple to calculate using an admission SNF assessment and a nomogram. Future work embedding the score into practice is needed to determine real-world feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness.
Lumbar drains: Practical understanding and application for the otolaryngologist.

Abstract Introduction Lumbar drains are frequently used in patients with otolaryngologic concerns. These can be used therapeutically or prophylactically with the primary purpose being to modulate CSF pressure. Within otolaryngology, lumbar drains are most frequently used for cerebrospinal fluid leaks – either due to cerebrospinal fluid fistulas or in skull base surgery as these allow for potential healing of the defect. While not typically placed by otolaryngologists, a basic understanding of lumbar drains is beneficial in the context of patient management. Management A lumbar drain is inserted into the intrathecal space in a patient's lumbar spine. Though considered to be a benign procedure, complications are relatively frequent, and adjustment or replacement of the drain may be required. Complications include infection, epidural bleeding, retained hardware, sequelae of relative immobility, or may relate to over-drainage, ranging from mild headache to cranial neuropathies, altered mental status, pneumocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, and death. While in place, neurologic exams should be performed routinely and should include motor and sensory exams of the lower extremities. A patient should be monitored for fevers, nuchal rigidity, and other signs of infection or meningitis. The CSF fluid should be grossly examined to identify changes, but routine laboratory tests are not typically run on the fluid itself. Drainage rates will vary usually between 5 and 20 mL per hour and must be frequently reassessed and adjusted based upon signs of intracranial hypotension. Drains should be removed when appropriate and should not be left in more than 5 days due to the increased infectious risk. Conclusion Lumbar drains are important tools used in patients with otolaryngologic pathologies. Otolaryngologists and otolaryngology residents should be familiar with these catheters to determine if they are working correctly and to identify adverse effects as early as possible.
Herpetofauna Species Classification from Images with Deep Neural Network

Camera-traps are noninvasive tools that can capture thousands of images of wildlife species per deployment. To conduct collaborative wildlife monitoring for conservation and to collect up to date information about wildlife species, integrated camera-sensor networking systems have been established at a large scale in Bastrop County, Texas. Species recognition from gathered images is a challenging assignment for computers due to a large amount of intra-class variability, viewpoint variation, lighting illumination, occlusion, background clutter, and deformation. Moreover, processing millions of captured images is daunting, expensive, and time-consuming as most of the images contain only background absent species of interest. This paper proposes a framework of automated wildlife species recognition by image classification using computer-vision techniques and machine learning algorithms. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture has been suggested to classify any two species automatically. As an initial experiment, a binary CNN network has been trained and validated with a small public dataset of snakes, and toads/frogs to classify them within their group. The model evaluation achieved 76% accuracy on average for the test data that supports the prospects for the recommended model.
Prevention of pneumonia in weaned calves

Health and productivity in animals are planned, not accidents. Microorganisms cause disease. When susceptible animals are exposed to concentrated aerosols of pathogenic organisms, they get sick. The most important step in preventing pneumonia in weaned calves is to correct environmental and managerial deficiencies which allow transmission of large numbers of organisms with sufficient virulence to cause disease. Buildings that house animals should be designed with regard to disease prevention. Virulence of an organism increases by serial passages through susceptible individuals, so young non-immune animals should not be exposed to recovered carrier animals. Potential exposure of calves to older animals carrying disease is often disregarded in the interests of economical construction. Environments and management procedures should be designed so a novice animal caretaker can perform assigned duties without contributing to disease.