cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Church-Based Social Support Relationships During Older Adulthood

Numerous studies indicate that a strong social support system is essential for good mental health (Cohen, 2004). But these studies may not capture the full extent of the influence of social support systems on health and well-being because the majority focus solely on social support provided by family members and close friends. However, emerging evidence suggests that social support exchanged in religious institutions may be even more consequential for mental health than support in secular settings (Krause, 2006a). Religious participation has been empirically linked with an array of benefits in terms of mental and physical health in late life, as well as with mortality (Koenig, King, & Carson, 2012), and congregational social support may play a central role in mediating these relationships (Krause, 2006a). This impact may be especially important during older adulthood, because congregational ties tend to endure and strengthen, even as those related to work and other important activities decline (Krause, 2008). If so, then it is imperative that researchers learn more about how social support systems in the church operate. An important point of departure involves measuring how church-based support systems change over time as this understanding may shed further light on changes in health status during late life. Previous research has shown that the patterns of change in social relationships in late life are influenced by social structural characteristics including race, gender, and education (Shaw, Krause, Liang, & Bennett, 2007), and it is likely that whatever changes occur in congregational support are also influenced by these factors. In the case of congregational support, it is important to examine the role of specifically religious factors that may have an impact on how people interact with other members of their religious groups. Furthermore, congregations themselves differ from one another on a number of dimensions relevant to support networks, for example with respect to network size, opportunities for interaction (Ellison, Krause, Shepherd, & Chaves, 2009), and informal norms for support (Hayward & Elliott, 2009). This study therefore has two primary goals: first, to describe the type and extent of within-individual change in measures of church-based social support over the course of older adulthood and, second, to examine the extent to which race and elements of the religious group may account for differences in these patterns of change. Growth-curve modeling is applied to data from a longitudinal study of religion and health among older adults to explore these patterns of change in support relationships, with results that shed light on the effects of aging on social relationships, which in turn have implications for how religious involvement influences health in older adulthood.
Construction of Illusory Surfaces by Intermediate-Level Visual Cortical Networks

A model is proposed which directly links the perception of illusory contours to intermediate-level cortical processes for visual surface discrimination. An important assertion of the model is that illusory contours are reentered, via feedback, into surface discrimination processes with the result being the construction of illusory surfaces. The model is tested in a number of simulations which demonstrate surface completion, generation of illusory contours, and interactions with depth cues from stereopsis.
GARDEN—an integrated and evolving environment for ULSI/VLSI CAD applications

The design and specification of efficient and powerful Ultra Large Scale Integration/ Very Large Scale Integration (ULSI/VLSI) computer-aided design (CAD) systems to deal with the current integrated circuit manufacturing technology is beyond the capabilities of the usual software development methodologies. This paper presents GARDEN, an integrated ULSI/VLSI design environment conceived to cope with problems in the evolution of the computing environment. It also highlights the utilization of the Vienna Development Methodology (VDM) for the specification, design, implementation, and maintenance—in short, all of the software life cycle—of this CAD system, under development at the IBM Brazil Rio Scientific Center.
Personal identity and Purgatory

If Purgatory involves just an immaterial soul undergoing a transformation between our death and resurrection, then, as Aquinas recognized, it won't be us in Purgatory. Drawing upon Parfit's ideas about identity not being what matters to us, we explore whether the soul's experience of Purgatory could still be beneficial to it as well as the deceased human who didn't experience the purging yet would possess the purged soul upon resurrection. We also investigate an alternative non-Thomistic hylomorphic account of Purgatory in which humans would survive during the period between death and resurrection in a bodiless form with a soul as their only proper part.
Catecholamines increase lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors via a beta 2-adrenergic, spleen-dependent process

We investigated the mechanisms underlying the increase in mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta 2-adrenergic receptor (AR) number and responsiveness after acute infusion of catecholamines. Infusion of isoproterenol and epinephrine, but not of norepinephrine, acutely increased MNL beta-AR density, and this was blocked by the beta 2-selective antagonist ICI 118,551 but not by the beta 1-selective antagonist bisoprolol, suggesting a beta 2-AR-mediated effect. Infusion of isoproterenol but not of norepinephrine also induced a lymphocytosis, with an increase in the number of circulating suppressor/cytolytic T (Ts/c)- and natural killer (NK)-cells but a decrease in helper T (Th)-cells, leading to a decreased Th-Ts/c-cell ratio. beta-AR density was higher in Ts/c-cells than in Th-cells. After isoproterenol infusion, beta-AR density was elevated in all lymphocyte subsets but not in monocytes or platelets, suggesting a lymphocyte-specific phenomenon. Infusion of isoproterenol in splenectomized patients did not alter lymphocyte subset composition and only slightly increased beta 2-AR density. In healthy subjects lymphocyte proliferation in response to various mitogens was attenuated after infusion of isoproterenol but not of norepinephrine; this effect was abolished in splenectomized patients. We conclude that the elevated MNL beta-AR density after acute exposure to beta-adrenergic agonists is caused by a release of lymphocyte subsets from the spleen into the circulation and/or by an exchange of lymphocyte subsets between the spleen and the circulation, whereby freshly released splenic lymphocytes appear to carry more beta-AR than those found in the circulation. This appears to impair immune responsiveness in a dual manner, by decreasing the Th-/Ts/c-cell ratio and by rendering lymphocytes more sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of catecholamines via a higher beta-AR density.
The Semantic Web and Information Flow: A Legal Framework

Considered by many as the next key development in Internet technology, the semantic web has generated a lot of buzz recently. A creation of Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, the semantic web is a “web of data,” a technology that promises to provide the world with enhanced access to information through more efficient and sophisticated content indexing. There are, however, dangerous side-effects to the system. As a labeling system, the semantic web bears the potential to provide sophisticated new tools for enhanced control of information distribution by governments. Ironically, however, perhaps because Dr. Berners-Lee’s previous invention served as a catalyst of unrestrained information flow worldwide, there has been little if any analysis of the potential to use the semantic web as a tool of enhanced control. This paper aims at filling the gap, by unveiling unintentional externalities of content-tagging systems such as the semantic web from the standpoint of the free flow of and access to information and by alerting the computer science community that further work needs to be done as the semantic web is being developed, in order to minimize these externalities and further embed freedom in the technology.
The Last Picture Show (On the Twilight of Federal Mass Communications Regulation)

Federal communications law has collapsed like the walls of Jericho. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 heralds the fateful day on which structural regulation of mass media markets must stand or fold. After defining the economic phenomenon of mass communications, this article surveys the history of structural regulation of mass communications in the United States. It traces two distinct and contradictory philosophies expressed in mass communications law. One one hand, federal regulators have equated broadcast content with broadcaster identity. In accord with that belief, mass communications law has striven to protect the public interest in broadcasting through the regulation of market structure and industrial organization. Another jurisprudential tradition encourages mass communications law to rely presumptively on competition to achieve the same regulatory objectives.Regulators ignore the economics of a technologically driven industry at their peril. This article outlines antitrust-inspired regulatory principles for designing tomorrow's mass media markets. The emergence of gargantuan media conglomerates, each large enough to control vast amounts of programming but none powerful enough to conquer the entire industry, requires a comprehensive rethinking of mass communications and its regulation. As it was when Jericho, let the trumpets blare.
MBE Growth and Characterization of Zns/Gan Heterostructures

Heterostructures involving ZnS/GaN show promise for the injection of holes from p-GaN into n-ZnS. This combination could result in multi-color electroluminescent displays. We have grown single crystal ZnS on GaN and sapphire (0001) by MBE using elemental sources. The ZnS was grown at temperatures from 150°C–400°C, with beam flux equivalent pressures of (0.3–2.0) × 10−7 torr. Growth rates of up to 0.4 μm per hour were observed for the lower growth temperatures, with rapidly diminishing rates for temperatures above 350μC. The GaN substrate consisted of a 3 μm epilayer grown on sapphire by MOCVD. XPS analysis revealed the presence of carbon surface contamination on the GaN, which was removed by in situ exposure to an RF nitrogen plasma. RHEED observations indicate that the zincblende ZnS layers commonly contain (111) twins, although twin free films may be grown at a high substrate temperature. The samples were characterized using photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction. X-ray peaks typically had FWHM of 400 arcsec for ω/2θ scans, and somewhat worse for ω scans. Photoluminescence spectra of the ZnS films doped with Ag and Al demonstrated the well known blue donor acceptor transition at 440 nm.
Put a realistic spin on geriatric assessment.

What's abnormal for someone younger may be relatively normal for an older adult. Here, you'll learn to sort out potential problems during a geriatric assessment.
Effects of BMP-12-Releasing Sutures on Achilles Tendon Healing

Tendon healing is a complex coordinated event orchestrated by numerous biologically active proteins. Unfortunately, tendons have limited regenerative potential and as a result, repair may be protracted months to years. Current treatment strategies do not offer localized delivery of biologically active proteins, which may result in reduced therapeutic efficacy. Surgical sutures coated with nanostructured minerals may provide a potentially universal tool to efficiently incorporate and deliver biologically active proteins directly to the wound. Additionally, previous reports indicated that treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-12 (BMP-12) improved tendon healing. Based on this information, we hypothesized that mineral-coated surgical sutures may be an effective platform for localized BMP-12 delivery to an injured tendon. The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate the healing effects of mineral-coated sutures releasing BMP-12 using a rat Achilles healing model. The effects of BMP-12-releasin...
Exergy analysis and improvement proposal for natural gas liquid cryogenic separation plant

The natural gas liquid(NGL) cryogenic separation plant was compartmentalized into six subsystems by the NGL technology flow trait.The model of exergy analysis for the NGL cryogenic separation plant was represented,and the assessment rules and count formulae of exergy analysis for the NGL plant were given.By using the actually measured operational data,the exergy on the operational working conditions of oilfield NGL system was analyzed.The limitation of the energy usage was found.Based on the calculation results,some proposals to improve the operational efficiency were raised.
Liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in crops using a silica column with aqueous ionic mobile phase

A method was developed for the determination of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in high moisture food crops. Samples were digested with 6M HCl, and the herbicides were isolated from the digest using pH-controlled silica solid phase extraction. The analytes were then determined by ion-pairing liquid chromatography with a silica analytical column, sodium chloride as the ion-pairing reagent, and acetonitrile as the organic modifier. A diode array UV absorbance detector was used to simultaneously quantify PQ and DQ at their respective maximum absorbance wavelengths, 257 and 310 nm. Average recoveries of PQ and DQ standards from 4 different crops fortified at 0.01-0.50 ppm levels ranged from 79.3 to 104.8%.
Narrativizing a Critique of the Contract

In his investigations of the hermeneutic interdependence of literature and the law, Robert Cover observes how literature initiates, and contains the stories of, historical change. Cultural transformations occur, he explains, when hegemonic forces encounter alternative narratives that act against the “universalist virtues” that inhere in dominant precepts.1 All such movements take place in a nomos, a “world of law” that is comprised of “a system of tension between reality and vision”.2 The role of literature is to negotiate this tension between what is, what should be, and what might be, and it does so by revealing the realities of material conditions and placing them against visions of alternate possibilities. Literature acts as a catalyst for change and absorbs into its narrative codes the adjustments of historical development.
Improving research misconduct policies: Evidence from social psychology could inform better policies to prevent misconduct in research.

Current US and international policies for dealing with misconduct in biomedical research follow a largely intuitive approach. For research funded by the Public Health Service in the USA, the definition of research misconduct is “fabrication (making up data or results and recording or reporting them), falsification (manipulating research materials, equipment or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record), and plagiarism (the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit)”. It does not include honest error or differences of opinion but “must be committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly; and the allegation must be proven by a preponderance of the evidence” (42 CFR 93.103, 104). > … the efficiency of research misconduct policies in meeting scientific and social goals […] remains largely unknown—as well as the causal factors that underlie misconduct. However, the efficiency of research misconduct policies in meeting scientific and social goals of ensuring public health and safety, the integrity of research and the prudent expenditure of public funds remain largely unknown—as well as the causal factors that underlie misconduct. A recent systematic review by the Cochrane organization found that the evidence on which these policies are based to be incomplete and the existing evidence of low quality and not generalizable. For more than four decades, research misconduct was thought to be extremely rare and largely committed by individual psychopathology—the proverbial bad apples—and that self‐correction by the scientific community is sufficient to manage the problem. The structure of regulation in the USA reflects many of these assumptions: that the individual is solely at fault; that institutions can adequately manage allegations; and that reliance on whistleblowers to draw attention to fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (FFP) is sufficient. ### Findings from social psychology However, evidence from disciplines such as social …
Territorial Contradictions of the Rise of China: Geopolitics, Nationalism and Hegemony in Comparative-Historical Perspective

There is debate in the literature regarding whether China can become a new world hegemonic power in the 21st century. Most existing analyses focus on economic aspects of world hegemony-building processes and ignore its macro-political dimensions. This article starts with the premise that reshaping the geopolitical configuration of the inter-state system is an important part of world hegemony-building processes. One of the ways in which previous and current world hegemonic powers established their world hegemonies was through the inclusion of new nations by co-opting, supporting or sometimes selectively leading a section of nationalist movements into independence. Our comparative analysis shows that, as of now, contemporary China has not been following this historical pattern. Compared to Mao-era China, which was perceived as a champion of national liberation—at least when colonial and semi-colonial areas were at stake—today’s People’s Republic of China (PRC) is emerging as a champion of the global geo-political status quo. The current Chinese government is not actively pursuing the transformation of the inter-state system or seeking to create instabilities at different levels. This is because, unlike previous and current world hegemonic powers, during its rise to global preeminence, Chinese territorial integrity has been challenged due to rapid escalation of nationalist/secessionist movements within its own state boundaries. Hence, the PRC's foreign policy has consistently been concerned with creating and preserving macro-political stability at national and international levels.
Communication Privacy Management: A Thematic Analysis of Revealing and Concealing Eating Disorders in an Online Community

This study analyzed the discourse of a pro-anorexia website, prettythin.com. Narratives and posts were thematically analyzed using communication privacy management as a framework to understand the ...
Casualty of historic arroyo incision in the southwestern United States

Abstract Arroyos in the American southwest are defined as steep-walled, flat-floored trenches, typically cut into alluvium. Intensive investigation of arroyos for more than a century has shown that arroyo cutting events have been temporally concentrated during the Holocene, the most recent (historic) interval occurring between 1850 and 1915; the 1880s and early 1900s were particularly important periods of formation. The restricted period of historic cutting suggests that their formation is related to semi-synchronous changes in environmental conditions throughout the southwestern U.S. However, determining causality is plagued by multiple, temporally overlapping drivers, that vary in magnitude and intensity over the region and that produce non-linear and divergent geomorphic responses that often lag well-behind the disturbance. The lag in response times is a result of sequential adjustments in vegetation, runoff, sediment yield, groundwater-surface water interactions, and/or the propagation of geomorphic adjustments through the system. In light of these difficulties, it may be more productive from a management perspective to determine the controls on valley/arroyo system response to disturbance and the potential impacts of these geomorphic responses on ecosystem conditions than to concentrate on the causality of arroyo formation.
Imaging of the Endometrium: Physiologic Changes and Diseases: Women’s Imaging

The normal endometrium has a wide spectrum of appearances according to the patient’s age and phase of menstruation; understanding this variability is essential in differentiating normal entities from pathologic processes that may require further workup.
A model for understanding and managing cost growth on joint programs

Abstract Although joint programs are typically established to save the government money, recent studies suggest that instead of reducing program cost, jointness may actually induce cost growth. Motivated by three case studies that explored the cost of acquiring systems jointly, this paper presents a model that explains why joint programs often experience large cost growth and how jointness itself may induce it. Specifically, our proposed Agency Action Model suggests that on joint programs, the collaborating agencies' institutional interest in retaining or regaining their autonomy induces cost growth. After explaining the basic components of the model, we demonstrate its ability to explain the cost growth observed in our case studies. Finally, we use the model and our case study data to generate recommendations for managing joint programs in the future.
A Study of the Relaxation-Time Model based on the Monte Carlo Simulation

The accuracy of the hydrodynamic transport model relies strongly on the proper expression of the relaxation times. A Monte Carlo study of these time constants in a highly inhomogeneous electric field is performed. The result shows that a more accurate description of the mo-bility would require higher- order moments of the distribution function beyond the average energy. The significance of the band structure and as-sumptions conventionally adopted for the hydrodynamic transport equa-tions are also discussed.
GERMANIUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS - CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT THEIR PRECISION

Germanium resistance thermometers (GRT) have proven to be highly sensitive, stable, and reproducible [1]. In practice, however, a variety of conditions can affect the precision of measurements, particularly at low temperature [2]. These include selfheating, induced strain in the Ge sensing element, and thermal isolation due to faulty insulation of the leads. We report measurements of temperature shifts in GRT's due to induced strain for “ruggedized” thermometers fabricated to survive space launch conditions.
Antibiotic Use in Hospitals in the United States SCOPE-MMIT Antimicrobial Surveillance Network

There are few recent published multihospital analyses of antibiotic use in the United States. This is due to the difficulty in acquiring antibiotic use data, especially in acquiring measures of antibiotic use that are not based on antibiotic purchases but actual consumption (Fridkin et al. 1999, Fridkin and Gaynes 1999, Carling et al. 1999, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2003). Measures of antibiotic use based on purchase data are indirect and dependent on purchasing variations, manufacturer drug pricing, and vendor discounts (Madaras-Kelly 2003).
Fuglede’s conjecture fails in 4 dimensions over odd prime fields

Abstract Fuglede’s conjecture in Z p d , p a prime, says that a subset E tiles Z p d by translation if and only if E is spectral, meaning any complex-valued function f on E can be written as a linear combination of characters orthogonal with respect to E . We disprove Fuglede’s conjecture in Z p 4 for all odd primes p , by using log-Hadamard matrices to exhibit spectral sets of size 2 p which do not tile, extending the result of Aten et al. (2017) that the conjecture fails in Z p 4 for primes p ≡ 3 ( mod 4 ) and in Z p 5 for all odd primes p . We show, however, that our method does not extend to Z p 3 . We also prove the conjecture in Z 2 4 , resolving all cases of four-dimensional vector spaces over prime fields. Our simple proof method does not extend to higher dimensions. The authors, however, have written a computer program to verify that the conjecture holds in Z 2 5 and Z 2 6 . Finally, we modify Terry Tao’s (Tao, 2004) counterexample to show that the conjecture fails in Z 2 10 . Fuglede’s conjecture in Z p d is now resolved in all cases except when d = 3 and p ≥ 11 , or when p = 2 and d = 7 , 8 , 9 .
Concomitant resection of ascending aortic aneurysm and replacement of the aortic valve: operative and long-term results with "conventional" techniques in ninety patients.

We reviewed a consecutive series of 90 patients undergoing concomitant resection of ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve replacement (AVR) utilizing noncomposite “conventional” techniques in order to assess the early and late results, to define limitations of this operative approach, and thereby to clarify the indications for composite reconstruction of the aortic root. Mean age was 55 years. Twenty percent had Marfan’s syndrome, and 13% had aortic dissections. The cause of the aneurysm was dissection in 13% of cases, syphilis in 11%, atherosclerosis in 9%, and degeneration (with or without cystic medionecrosis) in 67%. Follow-up averaged 3.8 years and extended to 11.5 years maximum. AVR and complete excision of the aneurysm (preserving small tongues of aortic wall circumscribing the coronary artery ostia) coupled with tubular graft replacement of the ascending aorta were performed. Nineteen percent of patients required individual technical modifications relating to the coronary arteries. Operative mortality rate was 13%, with the majority of deaths being due to cardiac causes. Contemporary (1975 to 1978) operative mortality rate was 4.3%. Seven percent required re-exploration for hemorrhage and 2.4% had perioperative myocardial infarctions. Late functional results were generally good (average N.Y.H.A. Class 1.4). Late thromboembolism, angina, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure occurred at linearized rates of 3.4% per patient-year, 4.9% per patient-year, 1.1% per patient-year, and 5.2% per patient-year, respectively. No prosthetic valve endocarditis, graft infection, or recurrent aneurysms of the aortic root were observed. Late reoperation was necessary in eight patients (3% per patient-year), but reoperation for disease confined to the ascending aorta accounted for only three of these cases (1.1% per patient-year). Overall actuarial survival rates were 67% ± 5% at 5 years and 50% ± 9% at 10 years; survival rates for the 78 operative survivors were 77% ± 5% and 57% ± 10% at the same time intervals, respectively. Only one late death could be attributed to complications arising in the reconstructed aortic root. These results confirm that such simple, noncomposite techniques are safe, portend minimal risk of late complications and the attendant necessity for reoperation, and provide satisfactory long-term survival. We believe that composite techniques should be primarily reserved for selected cases of advanced necrotizing prosthetic or natural endocarditis.
Evaluating causal associations between chronotype and fatty acids and between fatty acids and type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background and aims Preference for activity in the morning or evening (chronotype) may impact type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors. Our objective was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate whether there are causal links between chronotype and one potential T2D risk factor, total fatty acids (TOTFA), and between TOTFA and T2D. Methods and results We estimated the causal effect of: 1) morning chronotype on TOTFA; and 2) higher TOTFA on T2D. We found that: a) morning compared to evening chronotype was associated with lower TOTFA levels (inverse-weighted variance (IVW) estimate −0.21; 95% CI −0.38, −0.03; raw P = 0.02; FDR-corrected P 0.04) and b) elevated TOTFA levels were protective against T2D (IVW estimate −0.23; 95% CI −0.41, −0.05; raw P = 0.01; FDR-corrected P = 0.03). Based on this finding, we further hypothesized that healthy fats would show a similar pattern and performed MR of a) morning chronotype on omega-3 (Omega-3), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids; and b) MR of each of these fat types on T2D. We observed the same mediating-type pattern for chronotype, MUFA, and T2D as we had for chronotype, TOTFA, and T2D, and morning chronotype was associated with lower Omega-3. Conclusion Our findings provide suggestive, new information about relationships among chronotype, TOTFA, and T2D and about chronotype as a factor influencing Omega-3, MUFA, and TOTFA levels. In addition, we validated previous knowledge about MUFA and T2D. Morning chronotypes may predispose towards lower levels of TOTFA and some healthy fats, whereas higher levels of TOTFA and MUFA may protect against T2D.
A multimodal approach using somatosensory evoked potentials for prognostication in hypoglycemic encephalopathy.

Abstract Objectives We present a case of a patient with hypoglycemic encephalopathy with loss of median nerve N20 somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and describe our multimodal approach to prognostication in hypoglycemic encephalopathy. Case The patient was a 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and stage 5 chronic kidney disease hospitalized for hypoglycemic encephalopathy. SSEPs showed bilateral absence of the median nerve N20 response. She ultimately suffered a poor outcome. Discussion There are no high-quality evidence-based clinical, neurophysiologic, or imaging studies available to aid in neurologic outcome prediction in hypoglycemic encephalopathy. In our practice we use a multimodal approach to neurologic prognostication, similar to that used in coma after cardiac arrest that includes SSEPs, EEG, and brain MRI, which enables an estimate of the severity of brain injury. As the literature is largely based on small studies or case reports, and is extrapolated from the cardiac arrest literature, we caution against early prognostication and disposition including the withdrawal of care, to avoid a self-fulfilling prophecy.
3009 The Role of Patient Education in the Success of Same Day Discharge after Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery

Study Objective To assess the impact of preoperative education success and patient satisfaction for same day discharge after laparoscopic surgery. Design Prospective survey. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Patients or Participants Twenty-four women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy or myomectomy with two surgeons between May 2018 and March 2019 Interventions Patients completed a questionnaire regarding same day surgery before and after an educational video. They also received a phone call four to six weeks postoperative regarding their postoperative experience. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study although only twenty patients have currently undergone surgery. Among patients who completed the pre-education questionnaire 15 of 23 (65%) were agreeable to same day discharge and 8 of 23 (35%) were not agreeable. After watching the educational video and completing the post-education questionnaire 17 of 23 (74%) were agreeable to same day discharge and 6 of 23 (26%) were not agreeable. After the educational video among those who were originally not agreeable to same day discharge 3 of 8 (38%) changed to agreeable. Postoperatively 11 of 20 (55%) were discharged same day, 8 of 20 (40%) patients were discharged POD #1 and 1 of 20 (5%) discharged POD #3. Of 9 patients discharged same day, 5 (56%) were happy to be discharged, 3 (33%) were nervous but did well, 7 (78%) felt it was the right to do, 2 (22%) would not do it again and 1 (11%) was not happy to be discharged. Conclusion In this study, the majority of patients were agreeable to same day discharge after undergoing education, which also favorably changed the opinions of some who were not initially agreeable to same day discharge. Postoperatively, the majority of patients were happy to be discharged the same day and felt it was appropriate.
Doravirine and Its Potential in the Treatment of HIV: An Evidence-Based Review of the Emerging Data.

The utility of doravirine in the management of HIV-1 infection is approved for use in patients who are antiretroviral-naive as well as patients who have achieved stable virologic suppression and are interested in replacing their current antiretroviral therapy. The role of doravirine continues to evolve as data emerges on the potential for new combination therapy with the investigational agent, islatravir, as well as a potential strategy to minimize post-marketing safety concerns with recommended first-line agents, such as integrase inhibitors. The goal of this review is to assess recent and emerging data on the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, doravirine.
Amphibian Infection Risk Changes with Host Life Stage and across a Landscape Gradient

Infectious pathogens threaten wildlife populations through effects on host growth, reproduction, and survival. The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the cause of the disease chytridiomycosis, has been implicated in worldwide declines of amphibian populations. Documenting conditions under which amphibians are threatened by Bd will allow us to pinpoint at-risk populations, especially in the midwestern United States, an understudied region. We investigated how distributions of Bd differ across host life stages, land cover types, and spatial extents in a susceptible temperate host, the American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus). We surveyed a total of 232 adults at 14 sites and 430 metamorphs at 15 sites in southwestern Ohio, USA, and analyzed associations among land use type, Bd prevalence, and Bd load by using model selection. We found Bd infection prevalence in metamorphs was dramatically lower than in adults; only 1.6% of metamorphs were infected compared with 28.0% of adults. These results suggest that Bd transmission occurs after metamorphosis in this species or that infections vary with season, given that we surveyed adults in the spring during breeding events and metamorphs in the summer as they emerged from ponds. In adults, infection prevalence was reduced with increasing open-canopy habitats across spatial scales (from 100 to 1,000 m), whereas infection load increased with the proportion of forested habitats at small spatial scales (100 m). Our study shows that Bd infection risk in a temperate system can be influenced by host life stage and land cover types across local spatial scales.
Lymphocytic Esophagitis: Assessing Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes

Lymphocytic esophagitis is a rare esophageal condition. Our knowledge of potential risk factors and treatment outcomes of lymphocytic esophagitis is limited. To investigate potential risk factors associated with the development of lymphocytic esophagitis and compare clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with lymphocytic esophagitis to patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis. This is a multicenter retrospective study. Lymphocytic esophagitis patients were identified based on pathology results between 1997 and 2019. Control groups consisted of patients with normal esophageal biopsies and patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis. Thirteen potential risk factors for lymphocytic esophagitis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models including IBD, achalasia, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, celiac sprue, CVID, H. pylori, thymoma, aspirin, opioids, ACE-I, metformin, and statin use. Comparative statistics were performed. Ninety-four adult patients with lymphocytic esophagitis, 344 with eosinophilic esophagitis, and 5202 control patients with normal esophageal biopsies were analyzed. Age older than 60 [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.05, p = 0.001], aspirin use (2.7, 95% CI 1.4–4.9, p = 0.001), statin use (2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2, p = 0.01), or a diagnosis of achalasia (2.4, 95% 1.08–5.67, p = 0.03) were associated with lymphocytic esophagitis. Compared to eosinophilic esophagitis, lymphocytic esophagitis patients were more likely to respond to medical treatment (95% CI 2.54–12.8, p = 0.0001). Our data suggests that lymphocytic esophagitis is more likely to be found in older female patients and is significantly associated with achalasia, statin, and aspirin use. Compared to eosinophilic esophagitis, lymphocytic esophagitis is more likely to respond to treatment with medical therapy.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of RLS-MUSIC based Smart Antenna System for 5G Network

This paper proposes a novel energy efficient beamforming and DOA estimation scheme called RLS-MUSIC algorithm. First, we study different adaptive beamforming algorithms and receive signal Degree-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation techniques for wireless communication network application in reference to their effect on energy efficiency. Taking linear array smart antenna elements geometry, which is mostly used antenna array geometry, Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive beam-forming algorithm and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) DOA estimation technique are identified as the reference input methods to model the new energy efficient scheme. Using an energy model, which is as a function of beam-width, signal transmission strength (range), and signal-to-noise-interference ratio (SNIR), we evaluate the total amount of energy spent during beam-formation. Finally, the energy gain due to RLS-MUSIC scheme is compared with that of RLS alone. The results show that the RLS-MUSIC scheme based access-points/base-station antenna systems consume less energy during beam formation and they generate beams with narrower beam-width, lower side lobe level and better deep null.
Are Intermediary Constraints Priced

Violations of no-arbitrage conditions measure the shadow cost of intermediary constraints. Intermediary asset pricing and intertemporal hedging together imply that the risk of these constraints tightening is priced. We describe a “forward CIP trading strategy” that bets on CIP violations shrinking and show that its returns help identify the price of this risk. This strategy yields the highest returns for currency pairs associated with the carry trade. The strategy’s risk contributes substantially to the volatility of the stochastic discount factor, is correlated with both other near-arbitrages and intermediary wealth measures, and appears to be priced consistently across various asset classes. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Assessing the Impact of the CARES Act on Online Students: A Case Study of Two-Year Public College

The COVID-19 pandemic has made a major impact on higher education and affected students’ livelihoods and attainment of education. To help students during these challenging times the Federal CARES Act was established to provide financial relief and support students in their time of need, However, not all students are eligible to participate and these limitations have impacted funding to specific institutions. The following research study examined the implications of the CARES Act for higher education by assessing the current factors associated with the national funding model. Additionally, three additional models were created to estimate the FTE impact and approximated the financial implications of the Act in relation to the unserved or excluded populations. A survey was conducted to understand current student essential needs and the implications of COVID-19 on their livelihoods. The survey was reverse engineered to understand enrollment patterns to determine the proportionality of needs based on the enrollment patterns.
After the Disclosure: Measuring the Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts of Data Breaches on Firm Performance

In this manuscript, I conducted a study utilizing matched sample comparison analysis to understand the short-term and long-term impacts of data breach events on firm performance. I take two approaches to theory development; the first approach extends the current literature on data breach events as negative, value declining events to the firm's performance; which I call the “traditional view”. The second view posits that a data breach event may actually be a catalyst for enhanced long-term firm performance; I call this the organizational sustainability and resiliency view. I introduce the analysis of two new variables ``intangible assets” and “extraordinary losses” to the discussion on the impact of data breaches on firm performance. Understanding changes to intangible assets allow us to gauge the impact of the data breach on firm brand reputation and intellectual capital reserves; among other intangible asset components. The measurement of extraordinary losses allows us to better understand if the focal firms considered data breaches truly detrimental to their operations that it rose to the level of “extraordinary” and not an event that could be incorporated into its usual operating expenses. I find that data breach events have some negative impacts to the firm's profitability more than likely leading to a depletion of the firm’s assets. However, firms do not perform better or worse in the short term or long term due to a data breach event; the firms can be considered financially sustainable in the 1-4 quarters following a data breach disclosure.
Wastewater-based epidemiology for tracking COVID-19 trend and variants of concern in Ohio, United States

The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 129 million confirm cases. Many health authorities around the world have implemented wastewater-based epidemiology as a rapid and complementary tool for the COVID-19 surveillance system and more recently for variants of concern emergence tracking. In this study, three SARS-CoV-2 target genes (N1, N2, and E) were quantified from wastewater influent samples (n = 250) obtained from the capital city and 7 other cities in various size in central Ohio from July 2020 to January 2021. To determine human-specific fecal strength in wastewater samples more accurately, two human fecal viruses (PMMoV and crAssphage) were quantified to normalize the SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations in wastewater. To estimate the trend of new case numbers from SARS-CoV-2 gene levels, different statistical models were built and evaluated. From the longitudinal data, SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations in wastewater strongly correlated with daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases (average Spearmans r = 0.70, p < 0.05), with the N2 gene being the best predictor of the trend of confirmed cases. Moreover, average daily case numbers can help reduce the noise and variation from the clinical data. Among the models tested, the quadratic polynomial model performed best in correlating and predicting COVID-19 cases from the wastewater surveillance data, which can be used to track the effectiveness of vaccination in the later stage of the pandemic. Interestingly, neither of the normalization methods using PMMoV or crAssphage significantly enhanced the correlation with new case numbers, nor improved the estimation models. Whole-genome sequencing result showed that those detected SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern from the wastewater matched with the clinical isolates from the communities. The findings from this study suggest that wastewater surveillance is effective in COVID-19 trend tracking and variant emergence and transmission within a community.
Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Report of Rare Presentation of Duodenal Metastasis From Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

We report a case of a 42-year-old gravida 3, para 4 woman from Puerto Rico with a history of cervical cancer who presented with dizziness, lethargy, and three days of bright red blood per rectum. Imaging evaluation showed a retroperitoneal lymph node mass with secondary metastasis to the duodenum. After she was stabilized with multiple blood transfusions and to mitigate her ongoing bleeding, she was transferred to a tertiary care hospital for possible embolization by interventional radiologists. However, she was deemed a poor candidate for an interventional procedure and decided to ultimately go home on hospice care. This case highlights the rarity of duodenal metastasis presenting as gastrointestinal bleeding due to cervical squamous cell cancer and further reinforces the need for human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer screening. This case study also illustrates that even though cervical cancer rates are low in the United States, it is still deadly in many countries across the globe. As people continue to travel and migrate across borders, the risk of being lost to follow-up is on the rise.
An asynchronous distributed-memory optimization solver for two-stage stochastic programming problems

We present a scalable optimization algorithm and its parallel implementation for two-stage stochastic programming problems of large-scale, particularly the security constrained optimal power flow models routinely used in electrical power grid operations. Such problems can be prohibitively expensive to solve on industrial scale with the traditional methods or in serial. The algorithm decomposes the problem into first-stage and second-stage optimization subproblems which are then scheduled asynchronously for efficient evaluation in parallel. Asynchronous evaluations are crucial in achieving good balancing and parallel efficiency because the second-stage optimization subproblems have highly varying execution times. The algorithm employs simple local second-order approximations of the second-stage optimal value functions together with exact first- and second-order derivatives for the first-stage subproblems to accelerate convergence. To reduce the number of the evaluations of computationally expensive second-stage subproblems required by line search, we devised a flexible mechanism for controlling the step size that can be tuned to improve performance for individual class of problems. The algorithm is implemented in C++ using MPI non-blocking calls to overlap computations with communication and boost parallel efficiency. Numerical experiments of the algorithm are conducted on Summit and Lassen supercomputers at Oak Ridge and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and scaling results show good parallel efficiency.
The Use of Advanced Statistical Concepts and Analysis to Improve Nonlinear Dynamic Glucose Modeling

The purpose of this work is to present a new methodology for fitting Wiener networks to datasets with a large number of variables for use in a device that noninvasively monitors one’s blood glucose concentration. Wiener networks have the ability to model a wide range of data types and their structures can yield parameters with phenomenological meaning. There are several challenges to fitting such a model: model stiffness, the nonlinear nature of a Wiener network, possible overfitting and the large number of parameters inherent to large input sets. To overcome these challenges, a methodology for fitting Wiener networks is presented that utilizes its structure. In this methodology, dynamic parameters are first identified by utilizing an intelligent grid search, and the resulting dynamic variable is used in the estimation of static parameters. This methodology is used to fit Wiener networks to predict blood glucose concentration in 24 subjects. Models for five of these subjects compare favorably to Wiener networks fit manually to the same data using the Solver