cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trialkylsilylethynyl-Functionalized Tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene and Anthra[2,3-b]thiophene Organic Transistors

A series of ethynyl-substituted molecules with the tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene and anthra[2,3-b]thiophene core have been synthesized. The aim was to investigate the impact of differently bulky side-chain substituents on the packing of the molecule in thin film and hence its thin-film transistor (TFT) mobility. Three R groups were used, namely, the tri-isopropyl-, triethyl-, and trimethylsilylethynyl groups. We did not observe a direct correlation between substituent size and TFT mobility. However, the 5,12-bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl)tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene has a mobility as high as 1.25 cm2/V·s, the 5,12-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene has a mobility of about 0.00616 cm2/V·s, while 5,10-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthra[2,3-b]thiophene and 5,10-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)anthra[2,3-b]thiophene have a mobility of 10−4cm2/V·s on phenylsilane- and octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated surfaces respectively.
Growth characteristics of ferroelectric PbTiO3 (PT) and Pb(ZrxTi1 − x)O3 thin films by novel single-solid-source metalorganic chemical vapor processing

Growth characteristics of ferroelectric PbTiO3 (PT) and Pb(ZrxTi1 − x)O3 (PZT) thin films deposited on (1 0 0) MgO and (1 1 1) Pt/SiO2/(1 0 0)Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been investigated. A novel single-solid-source MOCVD technique was employed for the film deposition. The new technique, which has excellent process reliability and reproducibility, makes it possible to study the relationship between deposition conditions and film growth properties. Effects of substrate, substrate temperature, system vacuum pressure, precursor molar ratios in gas phase on film microstructure and properties have been systematically investigated. Growth of PZT films using a PT buffer layer on the Pt coated substrate is investigated and is found to be advantageous for perovskite phase development.
Transport of plutonium (239/240Pu) and caesium (137Cs) in the Irish Sea: comparison between observations and results from sediment and contaminant transport modelling

Abstract A model for radionuclide transport in the marine environment is described and applied, in the Irish Sea, to the movement of caesium (137Cs) and plutonium (239/240Pu) discharged from Sellafield. The model resolves processes operating on tidal time scales, whilst being simple enough to run over decadal time periods. Modelled processes include transport in the water column, exchange of contaminants between dissolved and particulate phases, wave–current sediment resuspension, sediment transport and mixing of material within the seabed. Transport in the water column is by a combination of tide, wind and density-driven flows. Sediment transport is based on the erosion, advection and deposition of three sediment classes representing sand, flocculated mud/silt and fine background components. Transfer of radionuclides between the dissolved and sediment phases is implemented using rate equations. A layered seabed is incorporated with transfers between layers representing biological and physical mixing processes. We demonstrate that the model is able to reproduce observed concentrations of 137Cs and 239/240Pu in the water column, the build-up of 239/240Pu in the seabed over a 30-year time span, including recent changes in seabed inventory distributions. The model is used to identify and quantify the mechanisms responsible for this recent redistribution of 239/240Pu in the region. The results suggest that whilst sediment transport plays a role in redistributing contaminated sediment in the eastern Irish Sea, desorption, followed by transport in the dissolved phase and reabsorption onto particulate material, is the primary mechanism for redistribution of 239/240Pu.
Stability, queue length, and delay of deterministic and stochastic queueing networks

We present two types of stability problems: 1) conditions for queueing networks that render bounded queue lengths and bounded delay for customers, and 2) conditions for queueing networks in which the queue length distribution of a queue has an exponential tail with rate /spl theta/. To answer these two types of stability problems, we introduce two new notions of traffic characterization: minimum envelope rate (MER) and MER with respect to /spl theta/. We also develop a set of rules for network operations such as superposition, input-output relation of a single queue, and routing. Specifically, we show that: 1) the MER of a superposition process is less than or equal to the sum of the MER of each process, 2) a queue is stable in the sense of bounded queue length if the MER of the input traffic is smaller than the capacity, 3) the MER of a departure process from a stable queue is less than or equal to that of the input process, and 4) the MER of a routed process from a departure process is less than or equal to the MER of the departure process multiplied by the MER of the routing process. Similar results hold for MER with respect to /spl theta/ under a further assumption of independence. For single class networks with nonfeedforward routing, we provide a new method to show that similar stability results hold for such networks under the first come, first served policy. Moreover, when restricting to the family of two-state Markov modulated arrival processes, the notion of MER with respect to /spl theta/ is shown to be equivalent to the recently developed notion of effective bandwidth in communication networks. >
Detection of inflamed plaques with contrast ultrasound

Abstract Inflammatory cell infiltration is an important factor in the progression and instability of atherosclerotic plaques. There has been great interest in the development of noninvasive methods that can assess these inflammatory processes to detect vulnerable plaques or patients, and to assess novel therapies. This review focuses on some recent advances in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU), which can potentially be used for imaging plaque inflammation. These methods rely on ultrasound detection of microbubble contrast agents that are targeted to inflamed tissue. For this purpose, novel microbubbles have been formulated that are targeted either to activated leukocytes adherent to inflamed endothelium, or to endothelial cell adhesion molecules (p-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, αvβ3) expressed on the plaque surface or within plaque neovessels. Microbubble targeting has been achieved by modifications of shell components or conjugation of specific ligands to the shell surface. Although application of targeted CEU for imaging inflamed plaques is at the early stages of development, it is potentially easily translatable to routine clinical practice because the technique is relatively inexpensive, portable, and uses technology that already is used widely to evaluate vascular disease.
Open Quantum Systems: Density Matrix Formalism and Applications

In its original formulation, TDDFT addresses the isolated dynamics of electronic systems evolving unitarily (Runge and Gross 1984). However, there exist many situations in which the electronic degrees of freedom are not isolated, but must be treated as a subsystem imbedded in a much larger thermal bath.
Synchronous design: the right technique for digital ASICs

The synchronous design methodology for ASIC system design is illustrated. The advantages and disadvantages of this design approach are discussed. The synchronous design style has many advantages over the more popularly used asynchronous style. To be successful in designing high-density ASICs with more than 100 K gates, or high-speed ASICs with system speeds of several hundred MHz, this design approach must be adopted. However, there may be applications where the asynchronous approach is necessary, for example, in low-power CMOS circuits. Very little of the circuitry surrounding a typical ASIC is synchronous (e.g. microprocessor interfaces, memories). It is often necessary to include some asynchronous circuitry to interface to the outside world. >
Holocene paleolakes of Lake Canyon, Colorado Plateau: Paleoclimate and landscape response from sedimentology and allostratigraphy

Middle and late Holocene paleoclimate can be inferred from lake-level fluctuations recorded in the sediment of two, fresh, groundwater‐controlled paleolakes in Lake Canyon, southeast Utah. The record from Lake Canyon contributes proxy climate data for the region as well as insight into climate controls on sedimentation. The paleolakes were formed immediately upcanyon of side-stream confluences where disproportionately large volumes of alluvium were focused into the bedrock canyon. Excellent exposure allows a depositional facies model to be developed and allostratigraphic units to be defined. A facies-based proxy for the past shoreline position is applied to the allostratigraphy and radiocarbon-based chronostratigraphy to produce a record of lake level through time that is corroborated by diatom proxy data. The earliest known lake formed during an episode of aggradation that began just before 5180 14 C yr B.P., and an arroyo-cutting event drained the lake before 3050 14 Cy r B.P. The Lake Canyon record for the past 3 k.y. is composed of wet-dry cycles that have a periodicity of ~520 yr, matching cycles resolved by the regional tree-ring record and the timing of the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age. Lake level rose after 420 14 C yr B.P. and aggradation continued until an advancing arroyo headcut drained the upper lake in A.D. 1915. Fluvial and lacustrine aggradation in Lake Canyon accompanied shifts to wetter climate when sediment stored in upper reaches of the drainage basin was delivered to the canyon, whereas arroyo cutting in the canyon is more a function of sediment supply and internal complex-response mechanisms than dry climate conditions. Correlation with other records is hindered by differences in resolution and the influence of local controls on alluvial stratigraphy. The Lake Canyon record confirms that episodes of high flood frequency in Holocene time have been wetter overall, but not all wet periods have been marked by high flood frequency.
Colloidal ribbons and rings from Janus magnetic rods

Dipolar particles are fundamental building blocks in nature and technology, yet the effect of particle anisotropy is seldom explored. Here, we fabricate colloidal silica rods coated with a hemicylindrical magnetic layer to satisfy multiple criteria: nearly monodisperse, easily imaged and magnetic interaction that dominates over gravity. We confirm long-predicted features of dipolar assembly and stress the microstructural variety brought about by shape and constituent anisotropy, especially by extrapolating knowledge learned from literal molecules. In this colloidal system, we describe analogies to liquid crystalline deformations with bend, splay and twist; an analogy to cis/trans isomerism in organic molecules, which in our system can be controllably and reversibly switched; and a field-switching methodology to direct single ribbons into not only single but also multiple rings that can subsequently undergo hierarchical self-assembly. We highlight subtle material issues of control and design rules for reconfigurable dipolar materials with building blocks of complex shape.
Myristoylated CIL-7 regulates ciliary extracellular vesicle biogenesis

The cilium both releases and binds to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs may be used by cells as a form of intercellular communication and mediate a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. The mammalian polycystins (PCs) localize to cilia, as well as to urinary EVs released from renal epithelial cells. PC ciliary trafficking defects may be an underlying cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and ciliary–EV interactions have been proposed to play a central role in the biology of PKD. In Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals, PC1 and PC2 act in the same genetic pathway, act in a sensory capacity, localize to cilia, and are contained in secreted EVs, suggesting ancient conservation. However, the relationship between cilia and EVs and the mechanisms generating PC-containing EVs remain an enigma. In a forward genetic screen for regulators of C. elegans PKD-2 ciliary localization, we identified CIL-7, a myristoylated protein that regulates EV biogenesis. Loss of CIL-7 results in male mating behavioral defects, excessive accumulation of EVs in the lumen of the cephalic sensory organ, and failure to release PKD-2::GFP-containing EVs to the environment. Fatty acylation, such as myristoylation and palmitoylation, targets proteins to cilia and flagella. The CIL-7 myristoylation motif is essential for CIL-7 function and for targeting CIL-7 to EVs. C. elegans is a powerful model with which to study ciliary EV biogenesis in vivo and identify cis-targeting motifs such as myristoylation that are necessary for EV–cargo association and function.
The Future of the Study of Public Administration: Embedding Research Object and Methodology in Epistemology and Ontology

What should be done to advance the study of public administration? A strong argument is advanced by outgoing PAR managing editor Jos C. N. Raadschelders that the field benefits significantly from greater attention to ontology and epistemology. To be sure, empirical, evidence-based research has its place, but its basis and the meaning of findings seldom are questioned. Why? Many public administration scholars seek “scientificness” through a disciplinary type of methodology. However, working within an inherently interdisciplinary field, public administration scholars cannot reduce the complex, wicked problems of society and government to mere empirical measurement. The author lays out five critical challenges confronting today’s public administration—both its study and research—requiring the field’s urgent attention in order to meet the comprehensive and rapidly expanding needs of specialists and generalists, practitioners and academicians, as well as the general public.
Multi-code simulations: A generalized coupling approach

We present an approach to perform multi-physics simulations by coupling multiple solvers. In order to simplify the coupling process, we have developed the software module CHIMPS (Coupler for High-performance Integrated Multi-Physics Simulations) that handles the coupling of two mesh-based solvers. The module is based on the script language python and has been developed to accommodate a wide variety of mesh based solvers. In this paper we will present previous multi-code approaches, the advantages of the new approach using the software module CHIMPS, and present some verication test-cases.
QUADRATIC PREFERENCES AND GOAL PROGRAMMING

One of the shortcomings of goal programming lies in its linearity, assumption, specifically in the objective function. This assumption compels one to work with constant marginal utilities and rates of substitution. In this paper a quadratic preference function, which is more consistent with economic theory and reality, is formulated and introduced into goal programming. In an effort to facilitate the understanding of the proposed procedure, two illustrative examples—one with symmetric preferences and the other with asymmetric preferences, both applied to the objective function—are solved and compared with a goal programming solution.
A scalable network resource allocation mechanism with bounded efficiency loss

The design of pricing mechanisms for network resource allocation has two important objectives: 1) a simple and scalable end-to-end implementation and 2) efficiency of the resulting equilibria. Both objectives are met by certain recently proposed mechanisms when users are price taking, but not when users can anticipate the effects of their actions on the resulting prices. In this paper, we partially close this gap, by demonstrating an alternative resource allocation mechanism which is scalable and guarantees a fully efficient allocation when users are price taking. In addition, when links have affine marginal cost, this mechanism has efficiency loss bounded by 1/3 when users are price anticipating. These results are derived by studying Cournot games, and in the process we derive the first nontrivial constant factor bounds on efficiency loss in these well-studied economic models.
Metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. A long-term assessment.

Background: The long-term results of silicone metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the subjective, objective, and radiographic outcomes at the time of long-term follow-up. Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent simultaneous silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties of all four fingers by one surgeon were eligible for inclusion in the study. The results of a total of 208 arthroplasties in fifty-two hands of thirty-six patients were evaluated at an average of fourteen years postoperatively. Active metacarpophalangeal joint motion, ulnar drift, and radiographs were assessed. The radiographs were reviewed for changes in bone length, erosions, and implant fractures. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) was administered to the patients. Results: The mean arc of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joints improved from 30° preoperatively to 46° immediately after the surgery but decreased to 36° at the time of final follow-up. The mean extension deficit of the metacarpophalangeal joints improved from 57° preoperatively to 11° immediately after the surgery but worsened to 23° at the time of final follow-up. The mean ulnar drift improved from 26° preoperatively to <5° in the immediate postoperative period and then recurred to an average of 16° at the time of final follow-up. Implant fractures were associated with increased ulnar drift (p < 0.001). Bone reaction adjacent to the implant was demonstrated by bone-shortening in most patients and by erosions in 29% of the patients. One hundred and thirty implants (63%) were broken and forty-five (22%) more were deformed at the time of final follow-up. The MHQ score averaged 48 of 100 points. The patients expressed satisfaction with the function of only 38% of the hands, and only 27% of the hands were pain-free at the time of final follow-up. A greater degree of ulnar drift was associated with decreased patient satisfaction and a decreased score for the cosmetic appearance (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The outcome after silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis worsens with long-term follow-up. Given these findings, the indications for and long-term expectations of silicone metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty must be carefully examined in light of the improvements in the medical management of rheumatoid disease. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Oligodendroglial Defects during Quakingviable Cerebellar Development

The selective RNA-binding protein Quaking I (QKI) has previously been implicated in RNA localization and stabilization, alternative splicing, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The spontaneously-occurring quakingviable (qkv) mutant mouse exhibits a sharply attenuated level of QKI in myelin-producing cells, including oligodendrocytes (OL) because of the loss of an OL-specific promoter. The disruption of QKI in OLs results in severe hypomyelination of the central nervous system, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we used the qkv mutant mouse as a model to study myelination defects in the cerebellum. We found that oligodendroglial development and myelination are adversely affected in the cerebellum of qkv mice. Specifically, we identified an increase in the total number of oligodendroglial precursor cells in qkv cerebella, a substantial portion of which migrated into the grey matter. Furthermore, these mislocalized oligodendroglial precursor cells retained their migratory morphology late into development. Interestingly, a number of these presumptive oligodendrocyte precursors were found at the Purkinje cell layer in qkv cerebella, resembling Bergman glia. These findings indicate that QKI is involved in multiple aspects of oligodendroglial development. QKI disruption can impact the cell fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, their migration and differentiation, and ultimately myelination in the cerebellum. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 972-982, 2016.
A modified Ginzburg-Landau model for Josephson junctions in a ring

We consider the Ginzburg-Landau functional to analyze SNS junctions in a one-dimensional ring. We compare several canonical scalings. The linearized problem is solved to obtain the phase transition curves. We compute the Γ-limit of the functional in the different scalings. The interaction of several junctions is analyzed. We study the zero set of the order parameter for distinguished values of the flux. Finally, we compute the currents in the weakly nonlinear regime.
Is the Legalization of Human Rights Really the Problem? Genocide in the Guatemalan Historical Clarification Commission

At the same time as the globalization of human rights increased in pace and scope after the Cold War, there has been a growing sense of the shortcomings of human rights for addressing legacies of mass atrocities. Critics have noted how human rights commissions have often failed to document past violence adequately, and how establishing fundamental human rights in new constitutions has done little to address the pressing socio-economic needs of the population. In analyzing why this is often the case, some observers have pointed to the legal character of human rights as the main source of their inadequacy. The legalization of human rights, understood as the positivization of norms in international conventions and tribunals, national constitutions and domestic courts, exacerbates the tendency of human rights to overlook the wider political, social and cultural contexts that generate mass violations. This seems to be one of the most severe criticisms of human rights; they operate without sufficient awareness and understanding of the macro-historical context (e.g. apartheid, the Cold War, economic inequality) in which mass violations occur. Since they hold no theory of why violations happen in the first place, human rights institutions are powerless to prevent them in the future. In this chapter, I argue that the problem is not the legalizing of human rights, in and of itself. The application of legal norms in historical investigation can be beneficial, depending on the kind of legal categories being employed. In the case of the Guatemalan Historical Clarification Commission, the rigorous legalization of norms on genocide in the last 10 years has led to some favorable outcomes, including obliging human rights institutions to develop an explanation for why violence occurs in particular societies. So it is not ‘legalization’ that matters, but how that legalization unfolds. Some aspects of the legalization of human rights are indeed detrimental to a full account of how and why human rights violations occurred and how victims experienced these abuses. The creation of new human rights institutions employing the category of genocide has also led to an in-depth exploration of the collective and systematic nature of violence, and the shared intentionality of actors. As in the case of Guatemala, the category of genocide can lead to a fuller and more contextual account which draws in questions of racism, material inequalities and US foreign policy. If this argument is correct, then it might be more constructive for scholarly commentators to dedicate more energy to influencing and channeling the process of legalization in a direction which encompasses both the legal imperatives and the moral dimensions of human rights.
Evaluation of the creep cavitation behavior in Grade 91 steels

Abstract Even in properly processed Grade 91 steel, the long term performance and creep rupture strength of base metal is below that predicted from a simple extrapolation of short term data. One of the mechanisms responsible for this reduction in strength is the development of creep voids. Importantly, nucleation, growth and inter linkage of voids under long term creep conditions also results in a significant loss of creep ductility. Thus, elongations to rupture of around 5% in 100,000 h are now considered normal for creep tests on many tempered martensitic steels. Similarly, creep damage development in the heat affected zones of welds results in low ductility cracking at times below the minimum expected life of base metal. In all cases, the relatively brittle behavior is directly a consequence of creep void development. Indeed, the results of component root cause analysis have shown that crack development in Grade 91 steel in-service components is also a result of the formation of creep voids. The present paper examines background on the nucleation and development of creep voids in 9%Cr type martensitic steels, presents information regarding methods which allow proper characterization of the creep voids and discusses factors affecting creep fracture behavior in tempered martensitic steels. It is apparent that the maximum zone of cavitation observed in Grade 91 steel welds occurred in a region in the heat affected zone which is ∼750 μm in width. This region corresponds to the band where the peak temperature during welding is in the range of ∼1150–920 °C.The cavity density in this band was over about 700 voids/mm2 at an estimated creep life fraction of ∼99%.
Courts Disagree on the Application of Section 2036 Exception to FLPS

The Third and Fifth Circuits have recently issued opinions that appear to be at odds concerning what is a legitimate business activity for the Section 2036(a) exception. Section 2036(a) contains an exception for a bona fide sale for adequate consideration. The form of the Family Limited Partnership ("FLP") investment has been found to be significant in determining whether the FLP conducted a legitimate economic activity or was overwhelmingly testamentary in nature, and therefore not to be respected for transfer tax purposes. Two cases decided by different federal circuit courts approximately three months apart seem to reach different conclusions on what amounts to a substantial legitimate business activity. The Fifth Circuit held that a transfer of working oil and gas interests to a partnership along with marketable securities provided centralization of management and a substantial legitimate business purpose. At inception, only 11% of the assets of the partnership were oil and gas working interests. In contrast, the Third Circuit has recently held that, although the FLP did conduct some legitimate economic activity, the transactions did not rise to the level of substantial legitimate business operations. In that case, real estate used for ranching amounted to 21% of the partnership assets. The Fifth Circuit had previously applied the Section 2036(a) exception to assets transferred to a limited partnership that consolidated undivided ownership interests and the administration of a family ranching business. The tax advisor is left to determine when a partnership will be deemed engaged in business transactions sufficient for the bona fide sale for the adequate and full consideration exception to apply. The answer might just depend on what circuit has jurisdiction over the client. The Supreme Court grants certiorari in very few tax cases. Approximately a dozen appeals relating to tax issues - including state, local, and federal; income, property, sales, estate, and gift; individual, corporate, and fiduciary - are considered in a normal year. In most situations, the petitions that are granted involve an issue at conflict among the federal circuits. Perhaps the Supreme Court will be asked to end this dispute. In the meantime, what are the planning considerations?
I, Rigoberta Menchú and the Question of Truth-Value in Autobiography

(2001). I, Rigoberta Menchu and the Question of Truth-Value in Autobiography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 16, Remembered Lives, pp. 7-23.
The Role of Process Choices in Reliability Fail Modes

Projections on density, performance and cost attributes of a new technology generation are relatively easy to accomplish. However, defining the reliability attributes is more problematic, particularly if the technology contains many new process elements or tools. The choices made by a development team for processes, tools, process sequences and product-layout rules often determine the process defect reliability fail modes of a technology. These process defects define the reliability level of products rather than classic reliability fail mechanisms such as electromigration, stress migration and corrosion. As such, development teams and their reliability counterparts need to focus on potential sources of process-defect reliability fail modes and their control.
Reflections on the Probability Space Induced by Moment Conditions with Implications for Bayesian Inference — Author Response to Comments

There are three main criticisms. The first is to misread Assumption 1 so as to think that probabilities are being put to zero after having observed the data leading to the erroneous conclusion that the proposed methods are not Bayesian. The second is due to a failure to grasp the relevance of the fifth paragraph of the Introduction leading to suggestions that alternative methods be used that are not available. The third relates to the fact that it might be advisable to make an adjustment that is analogous to a Jacobian term in some applications.
Bilateral cleft lip.

Many excellent contributions have been made to the understanding and treatment of the bilateral cleft lip problem. By putting together good points from various sources, an approach to general management and specific surgical repair can be worked out according to the particular case requirements and the ingenuity and effectiveness of the surgeon director.
Seed Germination of Three Provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense: Influence of Light and Temperature

Abstract Seeds of three provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron) were collected during Fall 1992 from the following localities in the southeastern United States: Cherok...
Moral Formation in Four Essential Components: Sensitivity, Judgment, Motivation, and Character

The central importance of moral formation for social responsibility calls for careful consideration of how morals are formed and how the moral norms in business actually function. To bring this analysis into focus and provide a framework for investigating the dynamics of moral behavior in business, this chapter is organized around the Four-Component Model of moral functioning composed by James Rest: moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral character. This model was designed to answer the question of what is required to act morally, as well as to explain how persons who clearly knew what was right could act otherwise. Given the ordinary hazards of uncertainty, loyalty, ambition, and liability that compromise moral behavior in the workplace, greatest attention is given to the component of moral sensitivity and the recognition of moral concerns in business situations and decisions. Careful analysis of these components lays the groundwork for a program of moral apprenticeship, which is addressed in the next chapter.
Stimulus control in two rodent models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Abstract The spontaneously hypertensive (SHR/NCrl) rat from Charles River is one of the most widely used models of the combined subtype of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD-C). Although often used as its control strain, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY/NCrl) from Charles River has been proposed as a model of the predominately inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADHD-PI). In Experiment 1 SHR/NCrl, WKY/NCrl, and Wistar (WI; the progenitor strain for the two models) rats were trained on a left → right lever-press sequence in the presence of light discriminative stimuli that signaled the active lever in the sequence. In subsequent conditions the discriminative light cues were removed or reversed. WKY/NCrl accuracy remained relatively stable across cue light transitions. SHR/NCrl and WI accuracy was more disrupted when light cues were removed or reversed—an indication that behavior of the WKY/NCrl rats may not have come under control of the discriminative light cues as it did for the other strains, but relied more on past behavior and spatial cues. In Experiment 2, all three strains were exposed to a response-initiated fixed-interval (RIFI) 8-s schedule of reinforcement. In RIFI schedules behavior must be timed from a past instance of the target response. Replicating previous work, timing during the FI was roughly equivalent across the three strains; however, latencies to initiate the FI were significantly longer for SHR/NCrl than WKY/NCrl and WI rats, suggesting SHR/NCrl behavior was less sensitive to the first-response:food contingency in the RIFI schedule. These findings identify differences in stimulus control between the three strains and may help determine the efficacy of SHR/NCrl and WKY/NCrl as models of ADHD subtypes in humans.
Star Search: Learning From Prominent Scholars

The authors assign first-year doctoral students the task of conducting an assessment of the contributions of a "star" in the field of public administration. As part of the assignment, students conduct interviews with the stars using email, telephone, and personal communication. The interviews are the novel part of the assignment. The inteviews foster unusually active and vivid linkages with the stars and, often, a sense of mentorship. This paper details how faculty and students conduct the project. It also offers faculty assessment of its effects.
Readmission after Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction To compare the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics in a cohort of patients discharged following acute gastrointestinal bleeding, representing to the emergency department (ED) and readmitted within 30 days of discharge with the characteristics of non-readmitted patients. Study design Hospitalization data was obtained from the Pediatric Hospital Information System including 49 tertiary children's hospitals in the US. Children 1-21 years of age diagnosed with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, admitted between January 2007 and September 2015 were included. The primary outcomes in this study were 30-day inpatient readmission through the ED and 30-day return to the ED only. Unadjusted, univariate followed by multivariable analysis of the associations between patient characteristics and treatment course at the index encounter using the R statistical package, v. 3.2.3. Results During the study period, 9902 patients were admitted with acute gastrointestinal bleeding; in the following month, 1460 (16.1%) represented to the ED and 932 (9%) were readmitted; 68.7% within 14 days from discharge. Readmission was most frequently associated with portal hypertension or esophageal variceal hemorrhage. There was a decreased likelihood of readmission with endoscopy (OR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.661, 0.906) and with Meckel scan (OR 0.513, 95% CI 0.362, 0.727) during the initial admission. Multiple comorbidities, longer initial stay and the early proton pump inhibitor therapy were associated with higher likelihood of readmission. Discussion Readmission following acute gastrointestinal bleeding is common and is more likely following variceal hemorrhage, long initial admission, and chronic comorbidities.
An Opto-Mechatronic Device for Direct Measurement of Three Degrees-of-Freedom Orientation

Abstract This paper presents an interesting optical wrist sensor for direct measurement of three degrees-offreedom (DOF) orientation. The design concept was motivated by the recent development of a ball-joint-like variable-reluctance (VR) spherical motor which offers some attractive features by combining pitch, roll, and yaw in a single joint. The use of single-axis encoders for measuring three DOF orientations often requires a mechanism to house the encoder, which introduces friction and stiction. We offer here a potentially useful solution to overcome the problems associated with the conventional three-consecutive-joint-measurement using single-axis encoders. Specifically, this paper presents the design concept, the analytical model, and the prototype development of the opto-mechatronic orientation sensor.
Implementing a Manualized, Classroom Transition Intervention for Students With ASD in Underresourced Schools

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in public education settings experience difficulties with transitions during classroom routines, which can result in challenging behavior. Single-subject research supports techniques for transitions, but school-based approaches often require resources and training unavailable in low-resource districts, limiting implementation. We developed and evaluated the Schedules, Tools, and Activities for Transitions (STAT) program, a short-term, manualized intervention of behavioral supports to support daily routine transitions for students with ASD (K-5) in underresourced districts. We utilized a multisite, cluster-randomized, group comparison design (immediate treatment versus waitlist) with matched pairs ( n = 150 students, 57 educators). Data indicated (a) no group differences for academic engagement or classroom independence, and (b) an advantage for STAT in reducing challenging behavior and increasing teacher fidelity. Results show preliminary support for an intervention that is feasible and perceived as sustainable in real-world settings.
Dynamic modeling of direct electron transfer PQQ-GDH MWCNTs bioanode function

Derivation of a steady state and dynamic model of direct electron transfer of the bioanode utilized in a self-powered glucose biosensor (SPGS) is described. The bioanode comprises of dense network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with pyrroloquinoline quinone dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) to oxidize glucose substrate. The model is based on detail charge and mass balances for several dissolved chemical species, such as glucose substrate, oxidized and reduced form of the enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex and the product gluconolactone. The chemical and electrochemical reactions occur in bulk solution and at the electrode surface, respectively. The charge and mass balances are used to describe the ping-pong mechanism of PQQ-GDH reactions at the bioanode. A detailed model parameter is used to stimulate the current-voltage response curve and current-time evolution in the SPGS with glucose as the anodic substrate. Additionally, the model output includes the time-dependent production of current and current density-potential profile, which is used to explain the activation, concentration and ohmic losses that occurs at the bioanode. The model is validated against experimental current density and potential profiles. The stimulations show the effect of different parameters on the bioanode characteristics and illustrate some of the possible restrictions of the bioanode as well as provide an insight into the optimization of SPGS. The approach taken to develop the PQQ-GDH bioanode model can be applied to other SPGS systems and has potential applications for other biological, chemical and electrochemical systems.
Corrosion Fatigue of a Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Blade

A low-pressure (LP) steam turbine blade of the steam turbine last stage of a thermal power plant had failed after it had been only a few years in service. The failure comprised of surface damage that formed over the leading edge and a tangential crack that formed between the tie-rod hole and the damaged leading edge. The surface damage occurred on the leading edge was typical of pit-like defects of honeycombed texture. Type and factors that may have caused the failure of the LP steam turbine blade are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the as-received failed LP steam turbine blade. Various laboratory examinations were performed including visual and macroscopic examination, chemical analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained showed that the failed LP steam turbine blade had been experiencing corrosion fatigue due to the combined effect of cavitation erosion and fatigue. Fatigue crack was initiated from the internal wall of the tie-rod hole where several pit-like defects, typical of cavitation erosion present. Formation of this cavitation erosion may be considered as physical corrosion. Similar cavitation erosion was also formed over the damaged leading edge. The fatigue crack was subsequently propagated in tangential direction toward the nearest damaged leading edge of the vane blade and eventually forming the final fracture thereon.
The Lone Carotid: Ultrasound Findings in Rare Innominate Artery Occlusion:

A 70-year-old woman presented with bilateral asymptomatic carotid bruits. Carotid duplex ultrasound demonstrated to-and-fro right carotid artery waveforms, retrograde right vertebral artery flow, and monophasic waveforms in the right subclavian artery. This triad of findings indicates significant stenosis or occlusion of the innominate artery. Computed tomography angiography showed an occluded innominate artery, as well as an occluded left proximal vertebral artery, resulting in the left carotid artery being the only direct source of blood flow to the brain and right upper extremity via a patent Circle of Willis. Significant innominate artery blockage is an infrequent finding and, as such, publications regarding its prevalence, treatment, and natural course are scant. We report an unusual case of an innominate artery obstruction.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Masquerading as Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon cancer and accounts only for 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. In this report, we present a case of an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma masquerading as acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). A 38-year-old female who is 36-week pregnant presented with a 1-week history of headache, nausea, vomiting, and right upper abdominal pain, along with hepatomegaly. Laboratory investigations were remarkable for mild leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, proteinuria, and elevated transaminases and prothrombin time. Ultrasound of the liver revealed hepatomegaly, fatty infiltration, and a right hepatic lobe mass. Based on the overall picture, AFLP was suspected, and the patient underwent delivery by Cesarean section. However, bilirubin and liver enzyme levels gradually increased after delivery. MRI revealed a large dominant hepatic mass along with multiple satellite lesions in both lobes. Biopsy revealed the presence of intrahepatic CCA. CCA presenting during pregnancy is extremely rare with only 9 other cases reported in the literature. Therefore, the signs and symptoms can be easily confused with other more common disorders that occur during pregnancy.
Geothermal Source for Water Desalination—Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract Direct use and power generation based on geothermal sources are growing at a steadfast pace around the world. Although available abundantly in many parts of the world, geothermal energy sources have been underutilized in desalination applications. Geothermal sources have the potential to serve as excellent heat sources for thermal desalination processes. Since thermal desalination processes require large quantities of heat sources, geothermal-based energy source represents a feasible, sustainable, and an environmentally friendly option. The advantage with geothermal source is that it can act as a heat source and a storage medium for process energy utilization. If these water sources have high dissolved solids, then they can serve as feedwater for the desalination process. Since external energy consumption is minimized except for the mechanical energy requirements, geothermal enabled desalination processes could have less environmental impacts when compared with other nonrenewable energy-driven desalination processes. Cogeneration schemes for simultaneous water and power production are also possible with geothermal sources as well as poly generation with multiple process benefits involving cooling and heating applications. This paper provides the state of the art of geothermal desalination with discussion on the benefits of geothermal desalination over other renewable and nonrenewable energy-driven desalination configurations.
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) induced pulmonary toxicity: A retrospective analysis of a single institution experience.

e13004Background: T-DM1 is an antibody drug conjugate with proven efficacy in metastatic breast cancer for progressive disease refractory to trastuzumab. FDA prescribing information cites a pneumon...
Origins of Moiré Patterns in CVD-grown MoS 2 Bilayer Structures at the Atomic Scales

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) structures comprise of flakes of few layers with different dimensions. The top layers are relatively smaller in size than the bottom layers, resulting in the formation of edges/steps across adjacent layers. The strain response of such few-layer terraced structures is therefore likely to be different from exfoliated few-layered structures with similar dimensions without any terraces. In this study, the strain response of CVD-grown few-layered MoS2 terraced structures is investigated at the atomic scales using classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulations suggest that the strain relaxation of CVD-grown triangular terraced structures is observed in the vertical displacement of the atoms across the layers that results in the formation of Moire patterns. The Moire islands are observed to nucleate at the corners or edges of the few-layered structure and propagate inwards under both tensile and compressive strains. The nucleation of these islands is observed to happen at tensile strains of ~ 2% and at compressive strains of ~2.5%. The vertical displacements of the atoms and the dimensions of the Moire islands predicted using the MD simulation are in excellent agreement with that observed experimentally.
Assessment and Treatment of Stereotypical Behavior Displayed by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This chapter provides definitions for various forms of motor and vocal stereotypy and describes some characteristics of individuals who display problematic levels of stereotypy. Thereafter, the chapter describes procedures for measuring, assessing, and treating stereotypy. Specifically, the chapter outlines several behavioral procedures for decreasing or eliminating stereotypy during leisure or free periods and academic work periods. In part, each procedure requires practitioners to identify one or more preferred items that either (a) compete directly with the client’s engagement in stereotypy or (b) are provided as a consequence for the client’s appropriate behavior. This chapter concludes by highlighting several practical limitations of each intervention and considerations for practitioners when selecting behavioral interventions to treat stereotypy.