cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The fall of the house of labor: Patriots or paupers

“War is the health of the state,” wrote Randolph Bourne in 1917. The lines of communication linking America's places of work to the command center in Washington became increasingly important after the Great War erupted in Europe, and they assumed decisive importance when the United States officially entered the war. During the public debate over “preparedness” that filled the press in late 1915 and early 1916, Taylor's disciple C. E. Knoeppel redirected his attention from improving the management of foundries to “industrial preparedness.” As usual, Knoeppel's publisher was the influential Engineering Magazine , but his latest contribution to its Industrial Management Library was a volume packed with quotations from prominent politicians, writers, and businessmen, all dealing with the question how Germany had managed to sustain two years of war against an alliance of major European powers and then emerge as military master of the Continent. The answer lay in German efficiency, and the secret of that efficiency was German organization, not simply of the workplace but of the entire society. Government in Germany, wrote Senator Gilbert Hitchcock, was a “working partnership with the people for the promotion of prosperity.” “That's it,” exclaimed engineer Knoeppel. Such a partnership involved organization and “expert guidance,” “cohesion and unity of purpose,” a “reasonable distribution of wealth,” and proper “direction and encouragement of big business.” Moreover, it required both “freedom from costly industrial disputes” and “elimination of politics from things influencing the welfare of the people.”
Coarsening of fine-scale exsolution lamellae

Anstn,c.cr Diffusional exchange between the wedge-shaped terminations of fine-scale, coherent exsolution lamellae and the large flat sides of adjacent like lamellae is proposed as the principal mechanism for the coarsening of lamellar exsolution textures in silicate minerals. Following the methods of Gibbs (1906), a formula is derived for the chemical potential gradients due to interfacial energy effects that drive the proposed diffusion and coarsening. The calculated driving force is shown to be inversely proportional to the lamellar wavelength (I), as obtained by Cline (197l) for a similar geometry. For this model of lamellar coarsening, the appropriate rate law is given by tr: : )\3 + kt rather than the rate law 6: l\o + ktv') that applies to the coarsening of more equidimensional precipitates (Wagner, l96l). For geologic problems, extrapolation ofthe data oflaboratory coarsening experiments using the tr'? rate law yields results significantly different from those obtained using the t'h rate law, if the coarsening event lasts more than a few hundred years. The rate of coarsening, according to the proposed model, depends on the two-dimensional density of wedge-shaped ends (WSE), i.e., their number per unit cross-sectional area (n*.u). Measurements ofrnu photos ofclinopyroxenes, exsolved and coarsened at 1000"C by Nord and McCallister (1979), give WSE densities in the range I x l0'2 to 15 x l0'2 m-2. The product trn*r. should be constant during coarsening and has been determined to be in the range I x 105 to 5 x lOt m-r for the same exsolved clinopyroxenes.
Annual ADEA Survey of Dental School Seniors: 2009 Graduating Class

The annual survey of dental school seniors conducted by the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) collects information on selected characteristics and opinions of graduating seniors from U.S. dental schools. The survey seeks information across a wide range of areas, including the reasons
Programmable supply boosting techniques for near threshold and wide operating voltage SRAM

In this paper we explore techniques for 8T SRAM that allow near threshold voltage (NTV) operation as well as improved functionality across a wide voltage range. Operating in these voltage regimes will be crucial for emerging hardware paradigms, such as IoT (internet-of-things) and throughput oriented accelerators, e.g., deep learning accelerators, that will target lower voltages than conventional processors. We present several programmable enhancements to the recently proposed voltage supply boosting technique for further reducing V min as well as adapting to various operating conditions. These enhancements allow for a reduction in the power required for boosting through optimizing boost buffer sizes and shaping the boost pulse width. Furthermore, adjusting the boost pulse phase allows for additional V min reduction as well as faster read access times. These programmable booster techniques are demonstrated in a 2nd generation test chip in 14nm FinFET SOI technology.
Teaching the “Forgotten” Genre: Victorian Drama

As this chapter argues, the study of and scholarship on Victorian drama has lagged behind other Victorian genres considerably. This paucity of attention makes Victorian drama both an exciting and a difficult topic because virtually any Victorian play one chooses (beyond classics such as those written by Oscar Wilde and perhaps a few others) offers students the opportunity to make original discoveries; at the same time, they may find the lack of scholarly scaffolding daunting. Teaching Victorian drama effectively requires a pioneering spirit suited to the kind of pedagogy that emphasizes individual inquiry as well as “flipped” classroom strategies and research skills.
Improving the SNA Treatment of Multinational Enterprises

Core measures in the System of National Accounts (SNA) may reflect distortions based on the treatment of multinational enterprises (MNEs) under the residence concept, which is effectively a legal concept rather than an economic concept for special purpose entities that lack production. This paper suggests an improvement to the SNA treatment of MNEs by proposing an SNA framework that offers a dual presentation of measures on operating entities and measures on special purpose entities. A dual presentation adds information to better understand the role of MNEs and special purpose entities in national accounts. Nevertheless, the proposal also yields a meaningful departure from current SNA recommendations and current practice by statistical compilers, which requires careful consideration of practical matters before implementation is feasible.
The “No Sampling Parameter Estimation (NSPE)” algorithm for stochastic differential equations

Abstract The parameter estimation problem in stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has gained much attention in recent years due to their increased applications in the field of pharmaceuticals, ecosystem modeling, and medical data like EKG, blood pressure, and sugar levels. The predictive power of SDEs lie in the choice of parameter values that describe the real data effectively. The classical SDE parameter estimation methods are largely based on likelihood estimation, which is computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a relatively simplified approach based on deterministic nonlinear optimization method which does not require sampling. The results from the suggested No Sampling Parameter Estimation (NSPE) algorithm for selected examples are compared with the data, results from deterministic ODE (ordinary differential equation) model and traditional methods of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and generalized method of moments (GMM) for SDEs. The NSPE algorithm is more accurate and reduces computation time significantly when compared to the traditional methods.
Association Between Hypercoagulable Conditions and Calciphylaxis in Patients With Renal Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Importance Calciphylaxis is a rare skin disease with high morbidity and mortality that frequently affects patients with renal disease. Hypercoagulable conditions are frequently observed in both patients with calciphylaxis and those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), complicating our understanding of which hypercoagulable conditions are specific to calciphylaxis. Objective To identify hypercoagulable conditions that are risk factors for developing calciphylaxis while controlling for CKD. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a case-control study, comparing the hypercoagulability status of patients with calciphylaxis and with renal disease with that of a matched control population at 2 large urban academic hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. Retrospective medical record review of laboratory values was performed to identify patients with hypercoagulable conditions. Case and control patients were further stratified based on both severity of CKD and warfarin. Patients with a dermatologic diagnosis of calciphylaxis between 2006 and 2014 and concomitant CKD were included as cases (n = 38). Three controls (n = 114) per case patient with CKD were included, and were matched by age, sex, and race. Main Outcomes and Measures The rate of various hypercoagulable states (ie, antithrombin III [ATIII] deficiency, protein C and S deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation [G20210A], elevated factor VIII level, lupus anticoagulant, anti-IgG or IgM cardiolipin antibodies, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies, and elevation of homocysteine) in patients with calciphylaxis compared with their matched controls. Results Of the calciphylaxis cohort, 28 (58%) were female and 18 (55%) were non-Hispanic white. Among all patients, lupus anticoagulant (13 [48%] positive in cases vs 1 [5%] in controls;P = .001), protein C deficiency (9 [50%] vs 1 [8%];P = .02), and combined thrombophilias (18 [62%] vs 10 [31%];P = .02) were found to be significantly associated with calciphylaxis. In a subanalysis of patients with stage 5 CKD, only lupus anticoagulant (12 [53%] vs 9 [0%];P = .01) and combined thrombophilia (15 [63%] vs 1 [8%];P = .004) remained significantly associated with calciphylaxis. In a separate subanalysis of warfarin-unexposed patients, only lupus anticoagulant (7 [50%] vs 1 [6%];P = .01) and protein C deficiency (5 [46%] vs 10 [0%];P = .04) remained significantly associated with calciphylaxis. Conclusions and Relevance Presence of lupus anticoagulant and combined thrombophilias are risk factors for the development of calciphylaxis in patients with late-stage renal disease. Clinicians should be aware of these associations in patients with impaired kidney function and may consider increased screening and appropriate anticoagulation treatment to reduce the risk of calciphylaxis development.
A fan’s search for meaning: Testing the dimensionality of sport fan superstition

Abstract Uncertainty is a fundamental component of spectator sport fandom. While it may draw some fans to an event, it can be frustrating for others, as fans have little control over how preferred teams perform. As a means to cope with this unpleasant state, some sport fans perform superstitions or create rituals. Little is known, however, how such beliefs and behaviors impact the sport fan experience. In the current study, the authors explored sport fan superstition within the context of mediated team sport spectatorship through a multi-study quantitative approach. The results of Study 1 validated a multidimensional model of sport fan superstition, and superstitious behavior positively impacted in-game mood states for fans of winning and losing teams. In Study 2, the authors tested the dimensionality of sport fan superstition through segmentation and uncovered consumption differences and attribution differences for fans of winning and losing teams. Superstitious behavior was once again an influential factor, as those who behaved more superstitiously were more likely to attribute outcomes to external sources such as referees and fate.
The Masculine Side of Planned Parenthood: An explanatory Analysis

Much is already known about the attitudes of African women concerning family planning; but little is known about the views of men. This article examines the opinions of Nigerian men toward a wide range of fertility-related issues that may affect the success of family planning programs. Specifically the masculine side of planned parenthood (family planning) were explored in terms of attitudes toward: 1) Nigerias population dynamics; 2) population control policies; 3) sex preference and value of children; 4) ideal number of children; and 5) family planning. In general 3 salient findings manifest that the sample is not very receptive to family planning. 1st the sample does not think that Nigeria is plagued with population problems. 2nd government interference with the number of children a couple wants proved anathema to the sampled men. 3rd the men embraced the fact that women should seek their husbands permission before they practice any form of family planning. While the 1st 2 findings negate the practical objectives of planned parenthood programs the findings have important policy implications for action programs aimed at reducing female fertility in a male dominated society. It is recommended that national or international programs aiming at controlling womens fertility in Nigeria examine the complementarity of males perspectives. Such a shift should improve policy options for family planning programs and related features. Also a study on family planning attitudes of Nigerian men in positions of influence would provide a better understanding of the role of men in the success of family planning in Nigeria and other African nations. (sumaries in ENG FRE SPA)
Families, resources, and learning around Pokémon Go:

In this study, I detail three families who play the popular mobile augmented reality game Pokemon Go together. I discuss the parents’ perceptions of the game’s educational merits and potential draw...
Genome Wide Association Studies of Behavior are Social Science

A recent series of papers in Nature Genetics described several combined Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of height. Although height is a highly heritable trait that can be measured with near-perfect reliability, and the studies employed the latest SNP technology in massive samples numbering in the tens of thousands, only a handful of variants related to height were identified. The SNPs that were shown to be related to height collectively accounted for under 5% of the variation. The reasons for this surprising result are explored, focusing on the analogy between GWAS and the long-standing search for environmental causes of behavior, which I call EWAS, for Environment Wide Association Study. The problems of non-experimental causal inference faced by GWAS researchers were confronted long ago by mainstream social science, and were never fully overcome; they almost certainly cannot be fully overcome. Likewise, the statistical and methodological procedures that are employed in the genome project to control for multiple statistical tests and population stratification have been used in social science for decades. Understanding their successes and failures in that domain helps frame a reasonable set of expectations for the genomics of complex human characteristics.
Thymic Hormones, Interleukins, Endotoxin and Thymomimetic Drugs in T Lymphocyte Ontogeny

Key Words: Thymic hormones, thymosin, interleukin 1 and 2, endotoxin, transfer factor, isoprinosine, NPT 15392, levamisole, T cell differentiation, Komuro-Boyse assay, peanut agglutinin, thymocyte proliferation
Biology of Phospholipase Inhibitory Proteins

Glucocorticoids are widely used as one of the most efficacious medicines against various inflammatory diseases and allergic diseases including chronic rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and bronchial asthma. The mechanism of action is attributed to the anti-inflammatory action, immunosuppressive action and anti-edematous action1. Of these actions, the mode of anti-inflammation is now correlated to the inhibition of release of arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandins (PGs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and leukotrienes regarded to be inflammatory mediators2. Since the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids with respect to the suppressive effect on the release of eicosanoids can be blocked by inhibitors of protein synthesis as well as mRNA synthesis3, 4, it is conceived that upon entering into a cell, glucocorticoids are first bound to the cytosolic receptor and that the resulting complex is transferred into the nucleus to activate the specific genes, after all, inducing the synthesis of specific proteins5. Although the key enzymes and major sources of arachidonic acid still remain to be established in a quantitative aspect, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and alkylphospholipids have been considered as the important factors6. It is, therefore, suggested that glucocorticoids exhibit their anti-inflammatory action at least partly, if not exclusively, through the induced synthesis of PLA2 inhibitory protein(s)7.
Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Axillary Artery Access for Complex Aortic Interventions.

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous axillary artery access in patients requiring upper extremity large sheath access during complex aortic interventions. Methods Consecutive patients who had percutaneous axillary artery access with a large-bore sheath during endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic artery aneurysm repair within an Food and Drug Administration-approved, physician-sponsored investigational device exemption study or visceral artery interventions during other complex aortic interventions were included in the study. All patients had percutaneous axillary artery ultrasound-guided access and deployment of 2 Perclose ProGlide devices (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) prior to introduction of a large sheath. Completion angiography was performed to assess technical success of percutaneous access site closure, which was defined as hemostatic arterial closure without evidence of axillary artery stenosis or occlusion requiring intervention. Follow-up computed tomography scans and patient records were also reviewed for access site associated complications. Results A total of 46 patients underwent percutaneous axillary artery access. Largest sheath profile was 16F in 1 (2%), 12F in 42 (91%), 10F in 1 (2%), 9F in 1 (2%), and 8F in 1 (2%) patient. Technical success was achieved in 41 of 46 patients (89%). Five patients required endovascular covered stent placement during the index operation to control persistent access site bleeding. Two of 46 patients (4%) suffered access-related complications; both patients experienced ipsilateral upper extremity paresthesias without motor weakness, with persistent digit numbness in one. There was no incidence of conversion to open axillary artery repair and no additional access site complications (stenosis, occlusion, or dissection) but neurologic complications were observed during follow-up. Conclusions Percutaneous axillary artery access can be used to provide upper extremity arterial access during complex aortic interventions with high rates of safety and technical success. Overall complication rates are low and occurred mainly during the early experience, indicating that there is an associated learning curve effect. Elimination of surgical cutdown incisions and arterial conduits by using percutaneous axillary access may reduce operative times and wound-related complications during complex aortic interventions requiring large-bore upper extremity access.
Metabolic engineering of capsular polysaccharides

With rising concerns about sustainable practices, environmental complications, and declining resources, metabolic engineers are transforming microorganisms into cellular factories for producing capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). This review provides an overview of strategies employed for the metabolic engineering of heparosan, chondroitin, hyaluronan, and polysialic acid - four CPSs that are of interest for manufacturing a variety of biomedical applications. Methods described include the exploitation of wild-type and engineered native CPS producers, as well as genetically engineered heterologous hosts developed through the improvement of naturally existing pathways or newly (de novo) designed ones. The implementation of methodologies like gene knockout, promoter engineering, and gene expression level control has resulted in multiple-fold improvements in CPS fermentation titers compared with wild-type strains, and substantial increases in productivity, reaching as high as 100% in some cases. Optimization of these biotechnological processes can permit the adoption of industrially competitive engineered microorganisms to replace traditional sources that are generally toxic, unreliable, and inconsistent in product quality.
Observations of the lateral structure of wind-driven flow in a coastal plain estuary

Abstract Wind-stress is one of the main drivers of estuarine circulation. The lateral structure of wind-induced flows in estuaries has been described mainly with analytical and numerical models. The aim of this study is to investigate, with observations, the lateral structure of wind-induced flow in a coastal plain estuary, the James River, Virginia. Such structure was explored with the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF1) mode derived from month-long moored ADCPs deployed at two cross-sections in the estuary. Mode 1 explained 53% of the variance and was attributed to wind forcing. Its lateral structure (eigenvectors) consisted of upwind flow centered in the channel at middle depth, downwind flow over the shoals, and a vertically sheared bidirectional flow over the channel slope. Wavelet coherence analysis showed that along-estuary wind was highly coherent with mode 1 (coherence squared > 0.9), especially at the period band between 4 and 6 days. The along-estuary wind stress and the temporal variation of mode 1 showed an anti-phase coherence, with the wind stress leading mode 1 persistently. In addition, an analytical solution showed a lateral structure similar to the eigenvectors obtained with EOF1. The conclusion is that the lateral structure described by EOF1 was induced by wind-stress and was consistent with analytical and numerical model results. These results are among the handful available that confirm the theoretical structure of wind-driven flows over laterally varying bathymetry.
Global Context for Convolutional Pose Machines.

Convolutional Pose Machine is a popular neural network architecture for articulated pose estimation. In this work we explore its empirical receptive field and realize, that it can be enhanced with integration of a global context. To do so U-shaped context module is proposed and compared with the pyramid pooling and atrous spatial pyramid pooling modules, which are often used in semantic segmentation domain. The proposed neural network achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with 87.9% PCKh for single-person pose estimation on the Look Into Person dataset. A smaller version of this network runs more than 160 frames per second while being just 2.9% less accurate. Generalization of the proposed approach is tested on the MPII benchmark and shown, that it faster than hourglass-based networks, while provides similar accuracy. The code is available at this https URL .
Petermann-factor sensitivity limit near an exceptional point in a Brillouin ring laser gyroscope

Exceptional points are singularities of open systems, and among their many remarkable properties, they provide a way to enhance the responsivity of sensors. Here we show that the improved responsivity of a laser gyroscope caused by operation near an exceptional point is precisely compensated by increasing laser noise. The noise, of fundamental origin, is enhanced because the laser mode spectrum loses the oft-assumed property of orthogonality. This occurs as system eigenvectors coalesce near the exceptional point and a bi-orthogonal analysis confirms experimental observations. While the results do not preclude other possible advantages of the exceptional-point-enhanced responsivity, they do show that the fundamental sensitivity limit of the gyroscope is not improved through this form of operation. Besides being important to the physics of microcavities and non-Hermitian photonics, these results help clarify fundamental sensitivity limits in a specific class of exceptional-point sensor.
The hospice team: who we are and how we care

In this slim volume, each player on the interdisciplinary hospice team is allowed to speak for themselves, in their own voice. It includes 24 Discussion Questions and Scenarios (pp. 181–186), a “wh...
Measurements of bunch motion due to the longitudinal dipole-coupled bunch instability at the Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring

In the past a longitudinal dipole-coupled bunch instability had limited high current operation at CESR and resulted in a degradation of luminosity performance. A longitudinal feedback system successfully damps this instability and the exchange of superconducting rf cavities for normal conducting rf cavities in CESR has further reduced the instability's strength. A description of the longitudinal dynamics with the instability present are described in this paper along with detailed measurements of the instability using a dual-axis synchroscan streak camera. The measurements were made on single trains of bunches, multiple trains, and colliding beams. These measurements give a characterization of the instability's degradation of luminosity, modes of oscillation, and bunch distribution changes.
Recent Advances in Infrared Imagers: Toward Thermodynamic and Quantum Limits of Photon Sensitivity

Infrared detection and imaging are key enabling technologies for a vast number of applications, ranging from communication, to medicine and astronomy, and have recently attracted interest for their potential application in optical interconnects and quantum computing. Nonetheless, infrared detection still constitutes the performance bottleneck for several of these applications, due to a number of unsolved challenges, such as limited quantum efficiency, yield and scalability of the devices, as well as limited sensitivity and low operating temperatures. The current commercially dominating technologies are based on planar semiconducting PIN or avalanche detectors. However, recent developments in semiconductor technology and nano-scale materials have enabled significant technological advancement, demonstrating the potential for groundbreaking achievements in the field. We review the recent progress in the most prominent novel detection technologies, and evaluate their advantages, limitations, and prospects. We further offer a perspective on the main fundamental limits on the detectors sensitivity, and we discuss the technological challenges that need to be addressed for significative advancement of the field. Finally, we present a set of potential system-wide strategies, including nanoscale and low-dimensional detectors, light coupling enhancement strategies, advanced read-out circuitry, neuromorphic and curved image sensors, aimed at improving the overall imagers performance.
Convolutional Beamspace for Array Signal Processing

A new type of beamspace for array processing is introduced called convolutional beamspace. It enjoys the advantages of traditional beamspace such as lower computational complexity, increased parallelism of subband processing, and improved resolution threshold for DOA estimation. But unlike traditional beamspace methods, it allows root-MUSIC and ESPRIT to be performed directly for ULAs without any overhead of preparation, as the Vandermonde structure and the shift-invariance are preserved under the transformation. The method produces more accurate DOA estimates than traditional beamspace methods, and for correlated sources it produces better estimates than element-space methods.
Enhanced FGFR3 activity in post-mitotic principal neurons during brain development results in cortical dysplasia and axon miswiring

Abstract Abnormal levels of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) have been detected in various neurological disorders. The potent impact of FGF-FGFR in multiple embryonic developmental processes makes it challenging to elucidate their roles in post-mitotic neurons. Taking an alternative approach, we directly examined the impact of aberrant FGFR function after neurogenesis by generating a FGFR gain-of-function (GOF) transgenic mouse which expresses constitutively activated FGFR3 (FGFR3K650E) in post-mitotic glutamatergic neurons. We found that enhanced FGFR activity in glutamatergic neurons results in abnormal radial migration and axonal miswiring. Regarding the lamination phenotype in GOF brains, we found later-born Cux1-positive neurons are dispersed throughout the GOF cortex. Such a cortical migration deficit is likely caused, at least in part, by a significant reduction of the radial processes normally projecting from the radial glia cells (RGCs). In addition, FGFR3 GOF also results in the misrouting of several long-range axonal projections, including the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and postcommissural fornix. RNA-sequencing analysis of the GOF embryonic cortex reveals significant alterations in several pathways involved in cell cycle regulation and axonal pathfinding. Collectively, our results suggest that FGFR hyperfunction in post-mitotic neurons at the late embryonic stage result in cortical dysplasia and circuit miswiring.
Chapter 3 – Textural Information

Chapter 3 presents the importance of textural information to photo interpretation. One of only two unique types of information contained on images, texture conveys information on geologic structure and rock induration (hardness or degree of compaction). The primary contributors to image texture are streams. Although several types of stream patterns are presented the most important is dendritic. Dendritic patterns occur on homogeneous, isotropic material having low gradient. Any deviation from dendritic pattern indicates geologic structure, and must be addressed by an image analyst. Stream density, an indicator of rock induration is discussed as is the information presented by gully shape.
Los Olvidados: On the Making of Invisible People

In the United States, Latinos/as remain a largely invisible people who are rarely portrayed at all, and even more rarely portrayed in a positive light. This article discusses the production of Latino invisibility in three important, interdependent contexts. The first context involves Latinos rendered invisible through the lack of portrayal in print and visual media. While Latinos played a major role in the 1992 Los Angeles riots and suffered as a result, the images that emerged from the Los Angeles riots suggest the persistence of a cultural lens which focuses almost exclusively on images of racial conflict between blacks and whites. A second context for Latino invisibility is the historical conception of the United States as a white nation, without racial mixture. Many of the nation’s Founders held such views. Such a historical conception precludes the full recognition of Latinos, most of whom are racially mixed, as equal members of the community, imposing invisibility upon Latinos. The third context is the role of the statutory “national origin” concept in attributing a false and stigmatizing foreignness upon Latino people. Casting Latinos as a people of non-American national origin produces a symbolic deportation. Meant to protect Americans from discrimination, the “national origin” concept in fact operates to exclude ethnically different Americans from the definition of American, and empowers courts to uphold overt discrimination against nonwhites.
Steps to an Ecology of Late Capitalism

Political economy has tended to ignore philosophies of time as becoming and philosophers of becoming have tended to ignore political economy. There are exceptions to this claim, reviewed in the essay, but it stands as a generality. The essay explores numerous non-human force fields, with differential capacities to morph, as they interact with the processes of state capitalism. As it explores the fragility of things revealed by these intersections it asks how to enact new practices in political economy that speak to them.
Scale Evaluation and Eligibility Determination of a Field-Test Version of the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System Third Edition:

Rasch and classification analyses on a field-test version of the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System Test—Third Edition (AEPS-3), a curriculum-based assessment used to assess young child...
Intra-annual Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), Regal Fritillary (Lepidoptera: Heliconiinae), and Their Floral Resources in North Dakota, United States

Many butterflies in the United States, along with their nectar resources, are declining. Large-scale conservation planning can be challenging, however, when butterflies and their nectar sources exhibit disparate spatiotemporal dynamics. We initiated a multi-year survey on monarchs (Danaus plexippus), regal fritillaries (Speyeria idalia), and floral resources across North Dakota from 2017 to 2019 to understand resource use through space and time. We surveyed three sites in each county in North Dakota, twice a year for 3 yr, for a total of 954 site visits. Our objectives were to 1) identify important floral resources for monarchs and regal fritillaries, 2) determine intra-annual spatial and temporal distributions of the butterflies and their nectar sources, and 3) quantify how floral resources influenced butterfly abundance and interacted with spatiotemporal factors (latitude, longitude, and flight season). Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), native thistles (Cirsium spp.), and blazing stars (Liatris spp.) were identified as particularly important nectar resources for monarchs and regal fritillaries; all plant and butterfly species exhibited unique spatiotemporal distributions. Monarch abundance at a site was positively related to the availability of flowering milkweeds, and regal fritillary abundance was positively related to the floral availability of native thistles and coneflowers (Echinacea spp.). These relationships were consistent across the spatial and temporal extent of our study, indicating that the butterfly–flower relationships we detected are maintained and relatively consistent across our study region and years. By accounting for spatiotemporal dynamics, we can help elucidate the persistence of butterfly-flower species interactions at large scales and inform conservation efforts for these threatened species.
Use of the 2D 1H-13C HSQC NMR Methyl Region to Evaluate the Higher Order Structural Integrity of Biopharmaceuticals

The higher-order structure (HOS) of protein therapeutics is directly related to the function and represents a critical quality attribute. Currently, the HOS of protein therapeutics is characterized by methods with low to medium structural resolution, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (FLD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have now been introduced, representing powerful approaches for HOS characterization (HOS by NMR). NMR is a multi-attribute method with unique abilities to give information on all structural levels of proteins in solution. In this study, we have compared 2D 1H-13C HSQC NMR with two established biophysical methods, i.e., near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (NUV-CD) and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, for the HOS assessments for the folded and unfolded states of two monoclonal antibodies belonging to the subclasses IgG1 and IgG2. The study shows that the methyl region of the 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectrum is sensitive to both the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins and therefore represents a powerful tool in assessing the overall higher-order structural integrity of biopharmaceutical molecules.
Randomized Trial of a Mobile App Introduced During Well-Visits to Enhance Guidance for Reading With Young Children

Abstract Objective To estimate feasibility, usability and efficacy of a mobile parenting app (Rx for Success; RxS) to enhance reading guidance provided to parents of young children during well-visits. Methods This trial was conducted at a clinic serving primarily families of Hispanic ethnicity and low-socioeconomic status (SES) where Reach Out and Read (ROR) is standard practice. It involved 252 parent-child dyads in 2 age groups (~6-months old, ~18-months old) randomized during well-visits to receive RxS or a children's book modeling alternatives to screen time (Control) by research coordinators. RxS involves videos, activities and “push” messages. Follow-up assessments were conducted approximately 6 months later, including impression and use, shared reading behaviors, child language and screen time. Results A total of 217 dyads completed both visits (110 RxS, 107 Control). Time to introduce RxS was under 3 minutes and 32% of parents experienced largely minor performance issues. Parent impression of RxS was favorable for both age groups at baseline and follow-up, though use was infrequent, attributable to a desire for more relevant and updated content. Significant findings favoring RxS included shared reading as a favorite activity, more frequent shared reading reported at 12 months and higher language scores at 24 months. Screen time was equivalent between cohorts, exceeding American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Conclusions A mobile app introduced to parents of young children from low-SES backgrounds was feasible during well-visits, rated as helpful, and effective to enhance shared reading at younger and language at older ages. While a potentially impactful enhancement to ROR, features needing improvement were identified.
Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders.

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-1 infection is commonly associated with neurological disorders and cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Severe and progressive neurocognitive impairment is rarely observed in the post-cART era; however, asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive disorders still exist, despite viral suppression. Additionally, comorbid conditions can also contribute to the pathogenesis of HAND. In this review, we summarize the characterization of HAND, factors contributing, and the functional impairments in both preclinical and clinical models. Specifically, we also discuss recent advances in the animal models of HAND and in in vitro cultures and the potential role of drugs of abuse in this model system of HAND. Potential peripheral biomarkers associated with HAND are also discussed. Overall, this review identifies some of the recent advances in the field of HAND in cell culture studies, animal models, clinical findings, and the limitations of each model system, which can play a key role in developing novel therapeutics in the field.
Structural Risk Analysis and Reliability-Based Design

Existing probability bases of reliability analysis and reliability based design are summarized. The importance of risk and uncertainty considerations in structural evaluation and design are emphasized, and practical methods for risk assessment in terms of failure probability and for development of reliability-based design criteria are described and developed. Advocates the systematic analysis of uncertainty through first-order statistical analysis, and the explicit use of failure (or survival) probability as measure of risk and safety, to fully realize the potentials of probability theory in structural evaluation and design.
A control system for a hybrid linear actuator for a flush deck hatch

This work presents the control system design in the development of a hybrid linear actuator for opening the flush deck hatch CV/CVN ship class. We present a simple feedback control system for the hatch opening, which is described by a nonlinear model. The hybrid linear actuator consists of magnetostrictive thrusters and high force electric linear motors segments ganged together to drive a load shaft through of sets of self-locking, magnetically activated clutches. The control system is based on trajectory following method with a simple feedback-linearizing loop. Simulation results show excellent performance of the closed loop system.
Metabolism of Phosphatidylglycerol, Lysylphosphatidylglycerol, and Cardiolipin of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus accumulated cardiolipin (CL) and lost phosphatidylglycerol (PG) during the stationary phase of growth. The minor lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglucose, also accumulated, whereas the lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG) content of the membrane remained constant as stationary phase continued. During exponential growth, the proportions and total content of phospholipids per cell remained constant. The metabolism of the phospholipids was examined under these conditions. In pulse-chase experiments, the phospholipids lost (14)C from the glycerols slower than (32)P. When the phospholipids were labeled with (14)C glycerol, the unacylated glycerols of PG and LPG lost (14)C, whereas the diacylated glycerols either accumulated or did not lose (14)C. In all experiments, the PG showed a more rapid metabolism than the LPG. When staphylococcal CL was hydrolyzed by Haemophilus parainfluenzae CL-specific phospholipase D into phosphatidic acid (PA) and PG, the incorporation of (32)P into both of the phosphates of CL was found to be parallel at both the PG and PA ends of the molecule. However, the specific activity of the (32)P at the PA end was twice that at the PG end of the molecule. The PG end of the CL apparently came from a portion of the cellular PG pool with about 20% the specific activity of the total cellular PG. The turnover of two of the glycerols of the PG portion of CL was like that of the cellular PG. The diacylated glycerol of the PG and of CL and of the membrane PG showed neither turnover nor incorporation of (14)C. Half of the radioactivity was lost from the middle glycerol of CL and the free glycerol of the cellular PG in one bacterial doubling. The diacylated glycerol from the other end of the CL molecule (the PA end) lost radioactivity almost as rapidly as the middle glycerol for 10 min. After the initial rapid loss, the turnover slowed to a rate 10 times slower than the middle glycerol, indicating that the (14)C was actually accumulating at this end of the molecule. The phosphates and glycerols involved in the hydrolysis and resynthesis of the CL molecule during exponential growth in S. aureus apparently come from different pools of PG.
Protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit is methyl-esterified at its carboxyl terminus by a novel methyltransferase.

In eukaryotic cells a number of different proteins with important regulatory functions are reversibly methyl-esterified at carboxyl-terminal prenylcysteine residues. These proteins include the low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins, the gamma-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-proteins, and the nuclear lamins. The methylating enzymes that catalyze this type of carboxyl methylation reaction are integral membrane proteins, and the methylated protein products tend to be membrane-associated. Analyses of protein carboxyl methylation in a wide range of vertebrate tissues revealed a major carboxyl-methylated protein that was clearly distinct from those that are modified at prenylcysteine groups (Volker, C., Miller, R.A., McCleary, W.R., Rao, A., Poenie, M., Backer, J.M., and Stock, J.B. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21515-21522). This M(r) = 36,000 protein is localized to the cytosol. Unlike the prenylcysteine methyltransferases, the enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of the 36-kDa protein is found in the cytosol. The 36-kDa methylated protein has been purified from bovine brain. Sequence analysis of several peptides clearly shows that the protein is the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. A soluble 40-kDa methyltransferase that catalyzes the reaction has also been purified.
E47 activates the Ig-heavy chain and TdT loci in non-B cells

The E2A proteins, E12 and E47, are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins essential for the B-cell lineage. Initially identified as immunoglobulin enhancer-binding proteins, they have also been shown to activate immunoglobulin enhancer-based reporters in transient transfection assays. Here, we examine the relationship between E2A DNA binding activity and activation of the endogenous, chromosomal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus. Using sterile I(mu) transcription as an indicator of IgH enhancer activity, we see a direct correlation between E2A DNA binding activity and I(mu) transcription in stable BxT hybrids. We also observe a 1000-fold stimulation of endogenous I(mu) transcription in fibroblasts that express high levels of E47 and less stimulation in cells that express E12. By contrast, none of the other IgH enhancer-binding proteins tested (E2-2, Pu.1, Oct-2, OCA-B, TFE3 and USF) were able to activate I(mu) transcription. E47 overexpression also resulted in transcriptional activation of the endogenous gene encoding TdT, indicating that it, too, is a target of E2A proteins early in the B-cell lineage. Our results indicate that E2A proteins have the distinctive property of activating silent, chromatin-embedded B-cell-specific genes, underscoring their crucial role in B-cell development.
γ-tubulin nucleation: template or protofilament?

γ-tubulin is known to nucleate microtubule assembly from α/β-tubulin, but the molecular mechanism by which this process occurs is the subject of some controversy. Four recent papers have provided new structural and biochemical constraints on the models proposed for nucleation. These have refined, but not yet resolved, the debate.
Update on the Medical Management of Crohn’s Disease

The medical management of Crohn's disease is a rapidly evolving field with expanding therapeutic drug options and treatment strategies. In addition to corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-tumor necrosis (anti-TNF) agents, a new anti-adhesion medication (vedolizumab) has been approved. Individualized patient-based dosing of immunomodulators and biologic agents is now possible with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). There is a changing paradigm in treatment goals to achieve deeper remission identified by composite clinical and endoscopic endpoints. More aggressive treatment strategies in the postoperative setting have been proposed due to emerging data on medication efficacy in this setting. Management algorithms that stratify CD patients into risk groups to balance treatment benefit against adverse events and costs are being developed to translate research into clinical practice. This review provides an update on these new developments for practicing gastroenterologists.
Postoperative analgesia via transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheter for small weight children‐our initial experience

Summary Pain management in small infants and children is challenging. We report the use of unilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters for analgesia following single-sided open lower abdominal surgery when epidural analgesia was undesirable in a series of six low-weight children. Data collection was done via a retrospective chart review. All catheters attempted were successfully placed with resultant low pain scores and the minimal use of rescue analgesic medications. No complications were reported related to these catheters. TAP catheters, although technically challenging, are feasible for the provision of analgesia for surgeries involving the lower abdominal wall in very small patients.
On the performance of complexity-optimized bilayer lengthened LDPC codes for relay channels

In this paper, we design an extended class of complexity-optimized bilayer lengthened low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by considering upper check nodes with different degrees. We show that by implementing a low complexity relay decoder, our designed codes outperform the rate-optimized codes in a wide range of E b /N 0 's.