cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children

The clinical syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) in children is a distinct, yet somewhat overlapping disorder with the condition that occurs in adults, such that the clinical manifestations, polysomnographic findings, diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches need to be considered in an age-specific manner. Childhood OSAS has now become widely recognized as a frequent disorder and as a major public health problem. Pediatric OSAS, particularly when obesity is concurrently present, is associated with substantial end-organ morbidities and increased healthcare utilization. Although adenotonsillectomy (T&A) remains the first line of treatment, evidence in recent years suggests that the outcomes of this surgical procedure may not be as favorable as expected, such that post-T&A polysomnographic evaluation may be needed, especially in high-risk patient groups. In addition, incorporation of nonsurgical approaches for milder forms of the disorder and for residual OSAS after T&A is now being investigated.
Jamming-resilient subcarrier assignment for OFDMA based space-time coded systems

This paper considers highly efficient jammingresilient wireless system design. First, we introduce a collisionfree frequency hopping (CFFH) system based on the OFDMA framework and an innovative secure subcarrier assignment scheme. The secure subcarrier assignment algorithm is designed to ensure that: (i) Each user hops to a new set of subcarriers in a pseudo-random manner at the beginning of each hopping period; (ii) Different users always transmit on non-overlapping sets of subcarriers, such that malicious users cannot predict or repeat the hopping pattern of the authorized users, and hence cannot launch follower jamming attacks. Second, we enhance the anti-jamming property of CFFH by incorporating the space-time coding (STC) scheme. The enhanced system is referred to as STC-CFFH. Our analysis indicates that STC-CFFH is particularly powerful in eliminating channel distortion and hostile jamming interference, including both random jamming and follower jamming attacks. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed schemes.
The Structure of Equilibria in Market Share Attraction Models

A market share attraction model of competitive effort allocation by two firms is formulated as a constant sum, two-person game. The dependence of optimal competitive effort allocations on factors such as gross profit margins, relative effectiveness of effort, and attraction elasticity of effort is studied. Two versions of the model are developed. In the first version, effort budgets of both competitors are exogenously fixed. In the second, the competitors each choose both budget levels and allocations. In each version of the model, an important function of the parameters, called the competitive advantage ratio, indicates when it is optimal to either increase or decrease effort allocated in a market in response to changes in various measures of effectiveness. Implications of differences in the cost associated with each competitor's budget on equilibrium allocations are derived.
Bone Structure and Biomechanical Analyses Using Imaging and Simulation Technology

Bio-imaging technology has been used to study bone structure and biomechanics ever since the discovery of roentgenograms (X-ray) by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen in the late nineteenth century. Recent advancements of CT- and MRI-based imaging techniques plus various digital image processing and 3D and 4D reconstruction algorithms have made these studies easier with expanded scope and greater depth and enabling biomechanical analysis with unprecedented clarity using computer graphics in static and dynamic animations. These capabilities formed the foundation of computer-aided simulation and analysis of the musculoskeletal system in an interactive environment. To perform biomechanical analysis of bone and other connective tissues at both the material and structure levels, one needs accurate and effective models and reliable material properties. In addition, bone and joint loading depend on muscle contraction and the interaction among all connective tissues engaged in body and limb functions. This chapter presents a variety of bio-imaging techniques and a number of selected application examples of using these techniques to conduct structure and biomechanical investigations involving the normal and abnormal compositions and functions of themusculoskeletal system. A unique simulation software and database, the Virtual Interactive Musculoskeletal System (VIMS), which incorporatesmodel-making techniques, biomechanical analysis algorithms, and a graphic image-based virtual laboratory environment to present the model, data and analysis results, is introduced. It is hoped that this exciting technology will provide the tools andmotivation to bringmusculoskeletal biomechanics back to the centre of attention in the fields of bioengineering, orthopaedic surgery and rehabilitation.
Genistein Activates p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Inactivates ERK1/ERK2 and Decreases Cdc25C Expression in Immortalized Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is an isoflavonoid present in soybeans that exhibits anticarcinogenic effects in breast, colon and prostate cancer cells. We recently reported that genistein treatment of the immortalized but nonmalignant human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10F resulted in growth arrest of MCF-10F cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, a large induction of the Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdc2 (along with decreased activity of Cdc2), increased expression of p21(waf/cip1) and decreased expression of the cell cycle phosphatase Cdc25C. In the present study of MCF-10F cells, genistein rapidly and significantly activated p38, inactivated ERK1/ERK2 and had no effect on SAPK/JNK activity. We also showed that p38 is involved in genistein-induced changes in Cdc2 phosphorylation and that the downregulation of Cdc25C expression by genistein is through the p38 pathway. Finally, we provided evidence that the p38 pathway is involved in genistein-inhibited cell proliferation. These data suggest an important interplay between the p38 pathway and G2 cell cycle checkpoint control and provide insights into possible mechanisms whereby this isoflavone may inhibit early events in mammary carcinogenesis.
A Queueing Theoretic Approach for Performance Evaluation of Low-Power Multicore-Based Parallel Embedded Systems*

This chapter presents a novel, queueing theory-based modeling technique for evaluating multicore embedded architectures that do not require architectural-level benchmark simulation. This modeling technique enables quick and inexpensive architectural evaluation, with respect to design time and resources, as compared to developing and/or using existing multicore simulators and running benchmarks on these simulators. Based on a preliminary evaluation using the models, architectural designers can run targeted benchmarks to verify the performance characteristics of selected multicore architectures. The chapter proposes a method to quantify computing requirements of real benchmarks probabilistically. The modeling technique provides performance evaluation for workloads with any computing requirements as opposed to simulation-driven architectural evaluation that can provide performance results for specific benchmarks. The queueing theoretic modeling approach can be used for performance per watt and performance per unit area characterizations of multicore embedded architectures, with varying number of processor cores and cache configurations, to provide a comparative analysis.
Relationships between spleen, platelets and factor 8 levels.

(1) The spleen is essential for the Factor VIII elevations observed after adrenalin infusion and other acutely stressful stimuli. The spleen appears to be capable of either storing and releasing Factor VIII, or of effecting release of Factor VIII from some other site. (2) The Factor VIII elevations do not appear to be dependent on the concomitant platelet rises that occur after adrenalin. (3) An inverse relationship between platelet and Factor VIII levels is frequently found in pathological states associated with chronic thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis. (4) Platelet transfusions do not appear to influence Factor VIII levels. (5) In vitro attempts to demontrate adsorption of Factor VIII by platelets or elution of Factor VIII from platelets in the presence and absence of adrenalin were not successful.
Distinct Pattern Of Genomic Changes Associated With Smoking In Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Background Smoking is a risk factor for development of MDS and for overall survival. The pathogenesis of MDS is a multi-step process with both environmental and genetic influences. The link between smoking and MDS is thought to be mediated by organic solvents in tobacco. We identified specific molecular abnormalities associated with smoking exposure in MDS patients (pts). Methods 151 MDS pts seen from 2000-2012 with complete smoking and molecular data were included. Correlations and univariable comparisons were performed using Fisher’s Exact, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between the number of mutations present and demographic and clinical factors. Analysis was performed using next-generation targeted deep gene sequencing with 22 common gene mutations, selected based on the frequency observed in a cohort of MDS patients analyzed by whole exome sequencing. Mutations were considered individually and in functional groups: methylation ( TET2, IDH1, IDH2 ), histone modification ( ASXL1, EZH2 ), and gene splicing ( SRSF2, U2AF1, SF3B1 ). Paired DNA (tumor vs. CD3+ lymphocytes) produced raw sequence reads aligned using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA). Variants were detected using the Broad Institute's Best Practice Variant Detection GATK toolkit. Results Median age at MDS diagnosis was 68 years (range 20-85); 42% were female; and 77% had de novo MDS. IPSS (low, Int-1, Int-2, high) and IPSS-R (very low, low, int, high, very high) categories were: 26%, 44%, 22%, 7% and 10%, 40%, 19%, 18%, 13%, respectively; IPSS-R cytogenetic categories were: very good ( 60 (p=0.003), and in particular fewer mutations in methylation-associated genes (p=0.0001). In multivariable analysis that adjusted for IPSS-R cytogenetics, older age (p=0.0005) and greater smoking history/exposure (p=0.002) were both associated with more mutations. Current and ex-smokers and heavier smoking exposure (>20 pack years) were also associated with worse survival (p=.03 and .01, respectively), though current or ex-smokers with <20 pack years had similar survival to never smokers. Multivariable analyses confirmed smoking as a risk factor for survival (HR 1.63 (1.1-2.42); p=0.02). ![Figure 1][2] Figure 1 Smoking Exposure (in Pack Years) and Number of Mutations Present. The percentages above the reference line are the proportions of patients in each group with >20 smoking pack years. Conclusion Smoking is associated with a greater number of molecular abnormalities in MDS pts, and may generate a distinct mutational signature pattern, particularly along histone acetylation pathways. This study identifies specific environmentally-mediated pathways in the multistep pathogenesis of MDS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
Multimode combustion in a mild hybrid electric vehicle. Part 2: Three-way catalyst considerations

Abstract This is the second of a two-part study that discusses multimode combustion in a mild hybrid electric vehicle. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion oxidizes the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the three-way catalyst (TWC), thereby removing the TWC's ability to convert NOx under lean conditions. Despite prolonged operation in HCCI mode, enabled by the electric motor, the depletion of the OSC causes significant penalties in fuel economy and the amounts of tailpipe NOx are substantial. Counter-intuitively, it is seen that decreasing the sizes of both HCCI regime and OSC results in reduced tailpipe NOx while maintaining fuel economy benefits.
Cargo-Mediated Regulation of Collective Myosin VI Motility

Cargo transport by motor proteins organizes the cell interior. Although structure and mechanics of individual motors has been extensively studied, the regulation of motility by the cargo interface remains poorly understood. Cargo-mediated regulation occurs through cargo adapter proteins which target motors to specific cargoes and regulate motor activation and processive motility via motor dimerization. Native cellular cargoes are driven by collective motility of multiple motors bound to cargo adapter complexes. Also, cell biological and biochemical studies reveal that motor-cargo interaction is highly dynamic. Hence, it becomes imperative to understand the effect of cargo-mediated regulation on collective motility which incorporates the dynamic nature of motor-cargo interactions. Here, we report “biomimetic cargo interfaces” using DNA scaffolds to pattern myosin VI cargo-adapter complexes that enable motor turnover and tune collective myosin motility. Furthermore, using a genetically encoded myosin VI FRET biosensor we monitor structural rearrangements in the motor in real time upon effector (cargo adapter and calcium) binding both in vitro and in live cells. Our results provide novel insights into collective motor function and its regulation through dynamic modulation of motor-cargo adapter interaction.
Dust outpaces bedrock in nutrient supply to montane forest ecosystems

Dust provides ecosystem-sustaining nutrients to landscapes underlain by intensively weathered soils. Here we show that dust may also be crucial in montane forest ecosystems, dominating nutrient budgets despite continuous replacement of depleted soils with fresh bedrock via erosion. Strontium and neodymium isotopes in modern dust show that Asian sources contribute 18-45% of dust deposition across our Sierra Nevada, California study sites. The remaining dust originates regionally from the nearby Central Valley. Measured dust fluxes are greater than or equal to modern erosional outputs from hillslopes to channels, and account for 10-20% of estimated millennial-average inputs of bedrock P. Our results demonstrate that exogenic dust can drive the evolution of nutrient budgets in montane ecosystems, with implications for predicting forest response to changes in climate and land use.
Importance of variants in cerebrovascular anatomy for potential retrograde embolization in cryptogenic stroke

Objectives To test the hypothesis that variants in cerebrovascular anatomy will affect the number of patients demonstrating a plausible retrograde embolization mechanism from plaques in the descending aorta (DAo).
Defects and Surface Structural Stability of MoTe2 Under Vacuum Annealing.

Understanding the structural stability of transition-metal dichalcogenides is necessary to avoid surface/interface degradation. In this work, the structural stability of 2H-MoTe2 with thermal treatments up to 500 °C is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. On the exfoliated sample surface at room temperature, atomic subsurface donors originating from excess Te atoms are observed and presented as nanometer-sized, electronically-induced protrusions superimposed with the hexagonal lattice structure of MoTe2. Under a thermal treatment as low as 200 °C, the surface decomposition-induced cluster defects and Te vacancies are readily detected and increase in extent with the increasing temperature. Driven by Te vacancies and thermal energy, intense 60° inversion domain boundaries form resulting in a “wagon wheel” morphology after 400 °C annealing for 15 min. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy identified the electronic states at the domain boundaries and the domain ...
Identity and anxiety: Germany’s struggle to lead

At a time when calls for German leadership abound, we need to ask what kind of leadership Berlin is likely to offer. This paper builds on scholarship that presumes identity as an essential precondi...
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials with the immune system: Health-related safety and possible benefits

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between nanomaterials and the immune system will provide us with endless possibilities of exploiting nano-objects for tuning immune responses towards preventing or curing diseases. We propose here strategies and actions that could help us in strengthening and exploiting such knowledge. By varying their composition, size, shape, and surface properties, it is possible to obtain a vast range of nanocarriers to target specific organs, tissues or cells for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic purposes. Also, evaluation of immunosafety of such nanomaterials will contribute to designing nanomedical products devoid of side effects. In this review, we will describe the interaction of nanoparticles with the systemic and tissue-specific immune system, with a particular focus on innate immunity, aiming at providing information on the state-of-the art of nano-immune interactions and perspectives about future possibilities of exploitation.
Designing a Writing Program for non-traditional adult students: a case study (HETL Scotland 2017)

The purpose of this paper is to describe, reflect on, and problematize the curricula and student support created by the Writing Program at DePaul University’s School for New Learning. This case study discusses the challenges and considerations that the authors have used to develop writing classes and support for non-traditional adult students.,This qualitative case study emerges from the practical experience and theoretical knowledge of the three authors. The experience includes development, implementation, and revision of curricula and support services to fit the changing needs of the non-traditional student population.,The growing majority of students demonstrate at least one non-traditional characteristic: delayed postsecondary education enrollment, lack of high school diploma, part-time enrollment, full-time employment, multiple dependents besides a spouse, etc. In the face of institutional indifference, these populations frequently fail to receive the support that meets their particular needs.,Using their own experience of creating a Writing Program that meets the needs of adult non-traditional students, the authors discuss practical strategies for and possible pitfalls of providing writing support that can be adapted for similarly underserved student populations.,The paper does present interesting approaches for educating adult students. It covers the unique challenges in this population, and the the approaches that are specifically tailored toward meeting their needs.
Can distinctly different rapid estrogen actions share a common mechanistic step

Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. This paper reviews early evidence for the existence of rapid, non-genomic effects of estrogens on neurons, and, further, proposes that these rapid effects are often synergistic with later, genomic effects. Finally, suggestions about potential molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid effects of estrogens are offered. A mechanistic step we propose to be common among rapid estrogenic actions includes membrane ER's binding to histamine, and NMDA receptors and subsequent dimerization, and clustering (respectively) in a manner that enhances histamine and NMDA actions.
A highly efficient non-isolated DC-DC buck-boost converter with a cascode GaN-FET and SiC-Schottky diode

Growing demand for more efficient power converters, corresponding with increased renewable energy generation, is necessitating high performance semiconductor power devices. Though most power devices are currently made from silicon (Si), these devices are approaching their theoretical performance limits as they suffer from high conduction and switching losses under harsh operating conditions. Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) contain superior materials allowing power devices to operate efficiently at higher blocking voltages, switching frequencies, and junction temperatures. The objective of this research is to design a highly efficient non-isolated dc-dc buck-boost converter with a hybrid Cascode GaN-FET/SiC-Schottky diode power device for residential PV applications. The performance and efficiency of the converter with this combination of power devices is compared against a common Si-MOSFET/Si-diode. The switching behavior of each device is evaluated, as well as energy loss when the switch current is increased. Total power loss and efficiency are assessed at varying switching frequencies, output power levels, and load currents. The hybrid Cascode GaN-FET/SiC-Schottky diode improves the switching performance, reduces power loss, and increases the efficiency of the buck-boost converter.
Deep Learning for Biometrics: A Survey

In the recent past, deep learning methods have demonstrated remarkable success for supervised learning tasks in multiple domains including computer vision, natural language processing, and speech processing. In this article, we investigate the impact of deep learning in the field of biometrics, given its success in other domains. Since biometrics deals with identifying people by using their characteristics, it primarily involves supervised learning and can leverage the success of deep learning in other related domains. In this article, we survey 100 different approaches that explore deep learning for recognizing individuals using various biometric modalities. We find that most deep learning research in biometrics has been focused on face and speaker recognition. Based on inferences from these approaches, we discuss how deep learning methods can benefit the field of biometrics and the potential gaps that deep learning approaches need to address for real-world biometric applications.
Intelligent tutoring goes to the museum in the big city: a pedagogical agent for informal science education

In this paper, we describe Coach Mike, a virtual staff member at the Boston Museum of Science that seeks to help visitors at Robot Park, an interactive exhibit for computer programming. By tracking visitor interactions and through the use of animation, gestures, and synthesized speech, Coach Mike provides several forms of support that seek to improve the experiences of museum visitors. These include orientation tactics, exploration support, and problem solving guidance. Additional tactics use encouragement and humor to entice visitors to stay more deeply engaged. Preliminary analysis of interaction logs suggest that visitors can follow Coach Mike's guidance and may be less prone to immediate disengagement, but further study is needed.
Belonging, desire, and queer Iranian diasporic politics

Abstract Recent approaches to the study of queer migration politics and diaspora hold significant potential in advancing the study of the geographies of migration. Most notably, they can help illuminate the impossible positions that migrants often occupy; challenge diasporic norms governing cultural authenticity; destabilize conventional understandings of gender, nation, and home; and situate diasporic experiences within present and future possibilities for new ways of expressing intimacy and kinship beyond the limited scope of nationality and citizenship. In this paper, I will argue for a queer intervention on migration studies that critically expands geographic approaches to migration by denaturalizing and complicating approaches to understanding the emotional diasporic experiences of belonging and home. I will think through the usefulness of such approaches in my own ongoing research on debates concerning Iranian diasporic identities and communities in Iranian diasporic cinema. In analyzing two recent films, I argue for the tremendous creative potential of diasporic filmmaking in imagining complex spaces of home and belonging that otherwise seem impossible. Ultimately, I see queer approaches to migration politics and diaspora as having significant creative, critical, and positive potential to understanding how migrants placed in impossible situations create new lives for themselves.
Linaclotide improves gastrointestinal transit in cystic fibrosis mice by inhibiting sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3

Linaclotide’s primary mechanism of action in alleviating chronic constipation is through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), negating its use in patients with cystic fibrosi...
Uncertainty and Reliability Analysis of Open Pit Rock Slopes: A Critical Review of Methods of Analysis

The stability analyses of slope excavations in rock mass require reliable geomechanical input parameters such as rock mass strength, friction angle and cohesion of sliding surface. These parameters are naturally uncertain and their exact values cannot be known, therefore, their variability must be properly accounted for in the stability analyses. Deterministic approaches such as the limit equilibrium methods, numerical methods and kinematic analysis methods do not account for the variability in any of the input parameter. This paper therefore provides a review of uncertainty and uncertainty analysis methods, problems and developments in geotechnical modelling of rock slope stability. The review is motivated by the availability of qualitative and number of methods for uncertainty analysis. The paper examines the various definitions and description of uncertainty and the different vocabularies that are used, and also summarises and categorises the different sources of uncertainty as well as integrating uncertainty for rock slope assessment problems. The paper discussed a simple survey of probability-based reliability methods that have been used for rock slope stability analysis in the past 3 decades.
NF1 Associated Extra-Optic Gliomas: The Importance of Age, Imaging, and Clinical Presentation Over Histology Alone (P6.145)

Objective: (1) Compare survival in pediatric and adult NF1 patients with extra-optic gliomas, (2) determine the clinical and imaging features associated with extra-optic glioma progression, and (3) explore associations between WHO grade and outcomes in NF1 adults. Background: Historically, NF1-associated brain tumors were associated with more favorable outcomes than their non-NF1 counterparts. However, prior studies have focused on pediatric patients, have incorporated data on both optic and extra-optic gliomas, and have not differentiated between incidentally discovered and progressive lesions. Design/Methods: A consecutive cohort of NF1 patients seen at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center with extra-optic glioma from 1996–2016 was identified. Demographic, clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and treatment data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results: Fourteen pediatric (age at glioma diagnosis ≤ 18 years) and twelve adult patients with extra-optic gliomas were identified; 73% were clinically or radiographically progressive. Time from tumor diagnosis to progression was shorter with thalamic involvement (p Conclusions: In NF1 adults, extra-optic gliomas are more likely to result in clinical symptoms and shorter time to progression. Enhancing tumors that present with clinical symptoms are associated with poorer outcomes regardless of age. Histologic grade did not predict outcomes in adults, particularly in the case of grade 1 gliomas, which showed an aggressive clinical course. Study Supported by: We would like to thank the Dubie Holliman Heart and Cancer Fund for their support of this study. Disclosure: Dr. Girgis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hsu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Laxton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tatter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cramer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lesser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strowd has nothing to disclose.
After-effects of self-control: The reward responsivity hypothesis

Exercising self-control can be phenomenologically aversive. Insofar as individuals strive to maintain a positive emotional state, one consequence of exercising self-control may thus be a temporarily tuning toward or amplification of reward-related impulses (perhaps arising to countermand the aversive feelings that stem from self-control). Reward-relevant after-effects are relatively underappreciated in self-control research. In the current paper, we review theory and research pertaining to the idea that exercising self-control increases reward responsivity. First, we review theoretical models of self-control focusing on the relationship between control systems and reward systems. Second, we review behavioral studies regarding the effects of exercising self-control on subsequent reactivity to food, money, drugs, and positive emotional images. Third, we review findings from functional neuroimaging and electroencephalographic research pertaining to the reward responsivity hypothesis. We then call for additional research to integrate how, when, and under what circumstances self-control exertion influences reward processing. Such an endeavor will help to advance research and theory on self-control by offering a more precise characterization of the dynamic interactions between control systems and reward systems.
Germline Genetic Testing in Advanced Prostate Cancer; Practices and Barriers: Survey Results from the Germline Genetics Working Group of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium.

Abstract Background Germline genetic testing increasingly identifies advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients who are candidates for precision therapies. The Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC) established the Germline Genetics Working Group to provide guidance and resources to expand effective use of germline genetic testing. Materials and Methods A 14-item questionnaire was e-mailed to academic oncologists at 43 PCCTC sites to collect information on germline genetic testing patterns, including patients considered, choice of assays, barriers slowing adoption, and actions to overcome barriers. Results Twenty-six genitourinary oncologists from 19 institutions responded. Less than 40% (10 of 26) reported referring patients to a genetics department, whereas the remainder take personal responsibility for genetic testing and counseling; 16 (62%) consider testing all metastatic PCa patients, whereas 3 (12%) consider testing all patients with high-risk local disease; and 7 (27%) use multigene comprehensive pan-cancer panels, and 14 (54%) use smaller or targeted cancer gene panels. Barriers to widespread use are: (1) delayed or limited access to genetic counseling; (2) no insurance coverage; (3) lack of effective workflows; (4) insufficient educational materials; and (5) time and space constraints in busy clinics. The primary limitation was the Conclusion Joint efforts by urologists, oncologists, genetics counselors, insurers, and cancer centers can accelerate implementation of integrated germline genetic services for personalized treatment and clinical trial eligibility for PCa patients.
Marijuana use among patients with epilepsy at a tertiary care center.

Abstract The expansion of medical and recreational marijuana legalization facilitates patient access to cannabis, and many patients with epilepsy pursue marijuana as a treatment for seizures. We administered a nine-item survey on marijuana use to patients seen in an epilepsy clinic over a 9 month period at a tertiary care center in Oregon where recreational use was legalized in 2015. The majority of respondents (n = 39) reported cannabis use for the purpose of treating epilepsy (87.2%, n = 34), and strongly agreed (53.8%, n = 21) or agreed (28.2%, n = 11) that cannabis use improved seizure control. The most commonly selected cannabis strains were high cannabidiol (CBD) (30.8%, n = 12) or multiple types (30.8%, n = 12), with administration methods of smoking (66.7%, n = 26), edibles (48.7%, n = 19), and concentrates (43.6%, n = 17). More participants reported using marijuana with primarily CBD than primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or equal CBD:THC content, and very few women reported using marijuana with primarily THC compared with men (10% of female versus 47% of male respondents). Only 2 of 39 participants were able to give an exact dosage used in milligrams. Medical and recreational dispensaries were the most common cannabis sources, followed by homegrown and friends/family members. Although pharmaceutical CBD extract is now Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for certain epilepsy types, access remains limited. Further research is needed to understand recreational cannabis use among patients with epilepsy while clinical research for pharmaceutical cannabis products continues.
Human behaviour modelling for welfare technology using hidden Markov models

Abstract Human behaviour modelling for welfare technology is the task of recognizing a person's behaviour patterns in order to construct a safe environment for that person. It is useful in building environments for older adults or to help any person in his or her daily life. The aim of this study is to model the behaviour of a person living in a smart house environment in order to detect abnormal behaviour and assist the person if help is needed. Hidden Markov models, location of the person in the house, posture of the person, and time frame rules are implemented using a real-world, open-source dataset for training and testing. The proposed model presented in this study models the normal behaviour of a person and detects anomalies in the usual pattern. The model shows good results in the identification of abnormal behaviour when tested.
Coronary Artery Disease Association With Arterial Calcifications on Routine Hand Radiographs.

Purpose Arterial calcifications in the lower extremity, chest, and cardiac vessels have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relation between arterial calcifications observed on routine hand and upper-extremity radiographs and atherosclerosis has not been determined. This study examined whether arterial calcifications found on hand radiographs are associated with CAD. Methods A record review from a single institution identified 345 patients with both hand radiographs and CAD screening with cardiac stress testing or coronary angiography. Patients with chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, or incomplete hand films were excluded. We reviewed x-rays for findings of arterial calcifications. Cardiac testing results were used to establish a baseline diagnosis of CAD. We made group comparisons and employed multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between upper-extremity calcification and CAD. Results A total of 210 patients met inclusion criteria: 155 with CAD and 55 without it. Mean age was 72 years, body mass index was 28.8, and 54% were male. Patients had comorbidities of hypertension (91%), hyperlipidemia (87%), diabetes (39%), cerebrovascular accident (9%), and a history of tobacco use (53%). Of 155 CAD patients, 67 had arterial calcifications on hand radiographs (43%), compared with 6 of 55 without it (11%). In a multivariable model controlling for sex, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, the presence of arterial calcifications on hand plain films indicated a 6.2-fold increased odds of CAD. Conclusions The current data demonstrate that arterial calcifications on hand radiographs are independently associated with CAD. This may represent an opportunity to the treating physician as a point of referral or investigation for underlying or occult CAD. Type of study/level of evidence Prevalence III.
Secure Authentication and Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs)

Abstract In the last decade, there has been growing interest in Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs). Today car manufacturers have already started to equip vehicles with sophisticated sensors that can provide many assistive features such as front collision avoidance, automatic lane tracking, partial autonomous driving, suggestive lane changing, and so on. Such technological advancements are enabling the adoption of VANETs not only to provide safer and more comfortable driving experience but also provide many other useful services to the driver as well as passengers of a vehicle. However, privacy, authentication and secure message dissemination are some of the main issues that need to be thoroughly addressed and solved for the widespread adoption/deployment of VANETs. Given the importance of these issues, researchers have spent a lot of effort in these areas over the last decade. We present an overview of the following issues that arise in VANETs: privacy, authentication, and secure message dissemination. Then we present a comprehensive review of various solutions proposed in the last 10 years which address these issues. Our survey sheds light on some open issues that need to be addressed in the future.
A 71-year-old man with a rare rhabdoid brain tumour: using a multidisciplinary medical and rehabilitative model of care

Atypical rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs) of pineal origin are rare in adults with rapid progression and poor prognosis. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with confusion and memory loss who was diagnosed with a pineal AT/RT after genetic analysis. Due to his limited functional capacity and goal to return home with family, a multidisciplinary care approach was essential for coordination of medical management, radiation treatment and acute inpatient rehabilitation. After diagnosis and rehabilitation, his functional ability improved allowing him to tolerate cranial irradiation, initiate systemic chemotherapy and eventually returned home for a brief period with an improved quality of life. His progress was temporary due to rapid progression of the tumour. He required additional aggressive oncological treatment and was admitted for subsequent inpatient rehabilitation before opting for hospice care. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment in a patient with a rare and aggressive brain tumour, while respecting the individual goals of patients and their families.
The British Carrier Force, 1945-1979

While Britain's Royal Navy is the subject of an old, massive and ever-growing body of historiography, comparatively little literature examines its post-1945 development, whether the British navy is considered as a whole, or even particular, critical elements, like that navy's force of capital ships. This paper endeavors to help fill the gap with a concise overview of the development of Britain's carrier force in the 1945-1979 period.
Using critical race mixed methodology to explore the experiences of African Americans in education

The goal of this article is to explore the relationship between a researcher’s inquiry worldview and methodological choices. In the analysis, I explicate my own racialized positionality and Critica...
Augmented Lagrangian Digital Volume Correlation (ALDVC)

Digital volume correlation (DVC), the volumetric extension of the popular digital image correlation (DIC) technique, is a powerful experimental tool for measuring 3D volumetric full-field displacements and strains. Most current DVC algorithms can be categorized into either local or finite-element-based global methods. As with most experimental approaches, there are drawbacks with each of these methods. In the local method the subvolume deformations are estimated independently and the computed displacement field may not necessarily be kinematically compatible. Thus, the deformation gradients can be noisy, especially when using small volumetric subsets. Although the global method often enforces kinematic compatibility, it generally incurs substantially greater computational costs than its local counterpart, which is especially significant for large volumetric data sets. To address these shortcomings, we present a new hybrid DVC algorithm, called augmented Lagrangian digital volume correlation (ALDVC), which combines the advantages of both the local (fast computation time) and global (compatible displacement field) methods. This new algorithm builds on our recent work on the augmented Lagrangian digital image correlation (2D-ALDIC) technique and solves the general motion optimization problem by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We demonstrate that our ALDVC algorithm has high accuracy and precision while maintaining low computational cost, and is a significant improvement compared to current local and global DVC methods. ALDVC is a computationally efficient algorithm to measure 3D volumetric displacements and strains. An open-source Matlab implementation is freely available.
Primary Orbital Cancers in Adults

Neoplasms of the orbit in adults may be primary tumors, secondary tumors extending from adjacent structures, or metastatic tumors. The incidence of primary malignant orbital neoplasms is low. A computed tomography scan is usually the initial radiographic modality employed to investigate suspicious lesions. Biopsy is usually undertaken to establish a diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. Prognosis depends on the type of tumor and extent of local or systemic disease at presentation. This chapter is not intended to provide an exhaustive discussion of all possible primary orbital cancers; rather, it focuses on the management of tumors most commonly encountered at a tertiary cancer center. Benign tumors of the orbit in adults, lacrimal gland tumors, and pediatric orbital tumors are also covered in Chapters 2, 7, and 3, respectively.
Emerging scholars bring the case study approach back-in

This introduction to the special issue on case study research, which showcases cutting edge research by emerging scholars on France, describes the connection between these articles and current developments in political science methodology. SI contributors situate their analyses in thick description of France itself, demonstrating how modernity, rationality, common sense, citizenship, and democracy are inherently abstract concepts that only take on political meaning and significance within a specific national context. Simultaneously, these essays flesh out mid-level theories that are more amenable to cross-national generalization without losing rigor in the process, contributing to broader political science literature on experience versus reason, the European and Christian roots of secularism and how this contributes to contemporary discrimination, welfare state development, and political lawyering and the judicialization of politics.
ALC1 links chromatin accessibility to PARP inhibitor response in homologous recombination deficient cells

The response to Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is dictated by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair mechanisms and the abundance of lesions that trap PARP enzymes on chromatin. It remains unclear, however, if the established role of PARP in promoting chromatin accessibility impacts viability in these settings. Using a CRISPR based screen, we identify the PAR-binding Snf2-like ATPase, ALC1/CHD1L, as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in HR-deficient cells. ALC1 loss reduced viability of BRCA mutant cells and enhanced their sensitivity to PARPi by up to 250-fold, while overcoming several known resistance mechanisms. ALC1 loss was not epistatic to other repair pathways that execute the PARPi response. Instead, ALC1 deficiency reduced chromatin accessibility concomitant with a decrease in the association of repair factors. This resulted in an accumulation of replication associated DNA damage and a reliance on HR. These findings establish PAR-dependent chromatin remodeling as a mechanistically distinct aspect of PARPi responses, implicating ALC1 inhibition as a new approach to overcome therapeutic resistance in HR-deficient cancers.
Transfer learning-based synthetic CT generation for MR-only proton therapy planning in children with pelvic sarcomas

Proton therapy planning requires Hounsfield unit (HU) data from CT images to calculate dose and, in the case of pelvic sarcomas, accurate registration of the CT to MRI to delineate tumor. MR-only proton therapy planning would eliminate the uncertainty associated with CT/MR image registration and the need for CT, reducing exposure to radiation and anesthesia in children. We determined whether MR-only proton therapy planning is feasible by introducing a transfer learning-based cycleGAN (TL-cycleGAN) method to convert pelvic MRI to synthetic CT (sCT) for dose calculation and to specifically address the challenge of a small training dataset, commonly associated with pediatric studies. The TLcycleGAN was designed to transfer knowledge gained from converting a large number (n=125) of pediatric brain MRI studies to sCT and finetune the well-trained model on pelvic data. Sixteen patients (aged 1.1–21.3 years, 7 females) who received proton therapy to the pelvis were randomly divided into training (n=11) and testing (n=5) groups. sCT generated from T1- T2-weighted fat suppression MR images was compared to the real CT in terms of peak signal-tonoise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, mean error (ME), and mean absolute error (MAE) in HU. The mean ± standard deviation of PSNR, SSIM, ME and MAE were 30.6±3.0, 0.93±0.04 -3.4±10.2 HU, and 52.4±17.6 HU, respectively, for T1W MRI; 29.2±1.5, 0.93±0.02, -6.6±24.8 HU, and 85.4±18.8 HU, respectively, for T2W MRI. Transfer learning facilitates MR-only pediatric pelvic proton therapy planning by generating highly accurate sCT for a small training dataset and a large variation.
Pediatric heart-liver transplant outcomes in the United States: A 25-year National Cohort Study.

Background Pediatric HLT remains uncommon in the United States and criteria for HLT are unclear. The objectives of this study were to review the indications, and outcomes of pediatric HLT. Methods Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients heart and liver databases were used to identify 9245 pediatric isolated heart transplants (PHT), 14 134 pediatric isolated liver transplant (PLT), and 20 pediatric HLT (16 patients underwent sHLT [same organ donor] and four patients with a history of PHT followed by PLT [different organ donors]; age ≤21 years) between 1992 and 2017. Outcomes included patient survival, and 1-year rates of acute heart and liver rejection. Results The median age for pediatric HLT was 15.6 (IQR: 10.5, 17.9) years, and included 12 males (12/20 = 60%). In the HLT group, the most common indication for HT was CHD (12/20 = 60%), and the most common indication for liver transplant was cirrhosis (9/20 = 45%). The 1, 3, and 5 year actuarial survival rates in pediatric simultaneous HLT recipients (n = 16) were 93%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, and was similar to isolated PHT alone (88%, 81%, and 75.5%, respectively and isolated PLT alone (84%, 82%, and 80%), respectively. There was no heart or liver rejection reported in the HLT group versus 9.9% in heart and 10.6% in liver transplant-only groups, respectively. Conclusion Pediatric HLT is an uncommon but acceptable option for recipients with combined end-organ failure, with intermediate survival outcomes comparable to those of single-organ recipients.