cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe diabetes and leptin resistance cause differential hepatic and renal transporter expression in mice

Background: Type-2 Diabetes is a major health concern in the United States and other Westernized countries, with prevalence increasing yearly. There is a need to better model and predict adverse drug reactions, drug-induced liver injury, and drug efficacy in this population. Because transporters significantly contribute to drug clearance and disposition, it is highly significant to determine whether a severe diabetes phenotype alters drug transporter expression, and whether diabetic mouse models have altered disposition of acetaminophen (APAP) metabolites. Results: Transporter mRNA and protein expression were quantified in livers and kidneys of adult C57BKS and db/db mice, which have a severe diabetes phenotype due to a lack of a functional leptin receptor. The urinary excretion of acetaminophen-glucuronide, a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated proteins transporters was also determined. The mRNA expression of major uptake transporters, such as organic anion transporting polypeptide Slco1a1 in liver and kidney, 1a4 in liver, and Slc22a7 in kidney was decreased in db/db mice. In contrast, Abcc3 and 4 mRNA and protein expression was more than 2 fold higher in db/db male mouse livers as compared to C57BKS controls. Urine levels of APAP-glucuronide, -sulfate, and N-acetyl cysteine metabolites were higher in db/db mice. Conclusion: A severe diabetes phenotype/presentation significantly altered drug transporter expression in liver and kidney, which corresponded with urinary APAP metabolite levels.
Nucleation of Single Component Supersaturated Vapors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current predicative models and compares their predictions to nucleation experiments. The internally consistent version of classical theory (ICCT) and KvD-I theories predict the supersaturation dependence observed in measurements of five of the n-alkanes very well and are more accurate than the KvD-II and the Delale-Meier (DelM) theories. However, all theories required large, temperature dependent, multiplicative corrections for agreement with measurements. The ICCT and KvD-I theories also had the smallest temperature dependence, each systematically increasing by about six to seven orders of magnitude from scaled temperatures of 0.85 to 1.55. The multiplicative correction for all five alkanes and many other substances can be represented by a single best fit line. This universality can also be expressed as a single temperature dependent correction to the Kelvin equation where the Kelvin approach is used. It is suggested that the Kelvin Equation always underpredicts the evaporation rate of small clusters.
Peter the Great Bay, a Current Issue

On 21 July 1957, Moscow Radio announced that the Soviet Council of Ministers had discussed matters concerning the border question of the Bay of Peter the Great and had proclaimed it an inland sea. The council of Ministers were said to have ascertained that the line between Turnan Ula and Cape Povorotni is the border line of the Soviet Inland Sea. The Soviet territorial sea should be measured from this basic line as a starting point.2 Only Nakhodka port in America Bay,3 at the extreme east side of the delineated area, is to be open to foreign ships under specified navigation conditions.
A Careful Neurologic Examination Should Precede Neuroimaging Studies in HIV-Infected Patients with Headache

Headache is a common symptom in patients with HIV infection. It is the most common form of pain, more common than painful peripheral neuropathy, and has been reported as the presenting manifestation of AIDS in 12.5% to more than 55% of patients [(1)][1]. Headaches in HIV-infected patients may be
Asymmetric intramolecular carbolithiation of achiral substrates: synthesis of enantioenriched (R)-(+)-cuparene and (R)-(+)-herbertene.

Concise syntheses of the sesquiterpenes (R)-(+)-cuparene and (R)-(+)-herbertene by asymmetric cyclization of achiral olefinic alkyllithium precursors in the presence of (−)-sparteine are reported. The quaternary stereogenic center in each product is set at the final step of the synthesis by enantioselective (er = 61:39) 5-exo ring closure.
Pre-Mortem Cryopreservation: Recognizing a Patient’s Right to Die in Order to Live

Over 20,500 people in the United States are diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors each year. Most are terminal. Scientists believe that recent advancements in cancer research show promise that a cure will be found this decade. Unfortunately, that is not soon enough for patients recently diagnosed and given only months to live. If only there was a way to suspend their life and wait for a cure. There may be — with a procedure known as pre-mortem cryopreservation.Pre-mortem cryopreservation is the act of a terminally ill patient ending his or her own life prematurely and entering a state of suspended animation — clinical, but not absolute death. The patient is then revived some time later when a cure for their illness has been attained. However, because the procedure requires a physician’s assistance in achieving preservation pre-mortem, most jurisdictions would equate the procedure to assisted suicide, and prohibit its use. This Article provides a detailed history of the science behind pre-mortem cryopreservation, and explains why courts should allow terminally ill patients to undergo the procedure, regardless of the respective state’s position on assisted suicide.Jurisdictions that prohibit assisted suicide have done so after finding that the interests of the state in preserving life and preventing suicide outweigh the interests of the individual seeking death. The Article describes why this conclusion is improper in the case of pre-mortem cryopreservation, where the terminally ill patient is seeking life, not death. Thus, the state’s interests in preserving life and preventing suicide would not be offended.Cryopreservation is already used in fertility procedures, in organ transplants, and during complex brain surgeries. As technology advances, so too will the demand for procedures utilizing pre-mortem cryopreservation. It is inevitable that terminally ill brain cancer patients will seek court approval to undergo the procedure. The Article concludes with a discussion on how jurisdictions could recognize a limited exception to the rule prohibiting assisted suicide in cases involving terminally ill brain cancer patients seeking to procure his or her only chance of future life.
Singular boundary value problems for the p-Laplacian

Abstract We prove the existence of a large positive solution for the boundary value problems { − Δ p u = λ ( − h ( u ) + g ( x , u ) ) in Ω , u = 0 on ∂ Ω , where Δ p u = div ( | ∇ u | p − 2 ∇ u ) , p > 1 , Ω is a bounded domain in R N , λ is a positive parameter, g ( x , . ) is ( p − 1 ) -subhomogeneous at ∞ , and h is allowed to become ∞ at u = 0 . Results for related systems are also discussed.
MEF2C regulates cortical inhibitory and excitatory synapses and behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Abnormal development of the brain contributes to intellectual disability, as well as to a number of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. As the brain develops, neurons establish connections with one another called synapses, which are either excitatory or inhibitory. At excitatory synapses, an electrical signal in the first cell increases the likelihood that the second cell will also produce an electrical signal. At inhibitory synapses, electrical activity in the first cell reduces the chances of the second cell producing an electrical signal. An imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory activity is one of the factors thought to give rise to neurodevelopmental disorders. Many individuals with schizophrenia, autism or intellectual disability possess mutations in, or near, a gene called MEF2C. This gene, which is active in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, encodes a protein that regulates the activity of many other genes during brain development. Harrington, Raissi et al. therefore hypothesized that alterations in MEF2C might predispose individuals to neurodevelopmental disorders by disrupting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the developing brain. To test this idea, Harrington, Raissi et al. generated mice that lack the Mef2c gene in a large proportion of their neurons throughout development. As predicted, the animals showed an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain’s outer layer, the cortex. They also displayed changes in behavior like those seen in autism. These included a loss of interest in social interaction and a reduction in vocalizations, suggesting impaired communication. Other behavioral changes included hyperactivity, repetitive movements and severe learning impairments: all features commonly observed in human neurodevelopmental disorders. The next challenge is to understand when, where and how MEF2C acts in the cortex to shape the balance of excitatory and inhibitory connections. Once this is known, further studies can test whether disrupting these processes leads directly to behaviors characteristic of autism, schizophrenia and intellectual disability. This may lead to the development of new drugs that can reverse or improve the symptoms of these conditions in affected individuals.
Layer-specific chromatin accessibility landscapes reveal regulatory networks in adult mouse visual cortex

Mammalian cortex is a laminar structure, with each layer composed of a characteristic set of cell types with different morphological, electrophysiological, and connectional properties. Here, we define chromatin accessibility landscapes of major, layer-specific excitatory classes of neurons, and compare them to each other and to inhibitory cortical neurons using the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). We identify a large number of layer-specific accessible sites, and significant association with genes that are expressed in specific cortical layers. Integration of these data with layer-specific transcriptomic profiles and transcription factor binding motifs enabled us to construct a regulatory network revealing potential key layer-specific regulators, including Cux1/2, Foxp2, Nfia, Pou3f2, and Rorb. This dataset is a valuable resource for identifying candidate layer-specific cis-regulatory elements in adult mouse cortex.
Healthcare Engagement as a Potential Source of Psychological Distress among People without Religious Beliefs: A Systematic Review

Research into religion and mental health is increasing, but nonbelievers in terms of religion are often overlooked. Research has shown that nonbelievers experience various forms of psychological distress and that the negative perception of nonbelievers by others is a potential source of distress. This review builds on that research by identifying another potential source of psychological distress for nonbelievers: engagement with the healthcare system. Poor understanding of nonbelievers by healthcare professionals may lead to impaired communication in the healthcare setting, resulting in distress. Attempts by nonbelievers to avoid distress may result in different patterns of healthcare utilization. Awareness of these concerns may help healthcare providers to minimize distress among their nonbelieving patients.
The Implications of Voluntary Disclosure for Research on the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings

We document how disclosure of management earnings forecasts (MFs) affects the asymmetric timeliness of earnings measured using the Basu (1997) model. The rationale to expect an effect is that managers care about when good and bad news gets incorporated into price. Managers’ decision about when to disclose information via MFs impacts the measured asymmetric timeliness of their firms’ earnings for the period via the MFs effect on returns. This effect of managerial disclosure on asymmetric timeliness is distinct from managers’ decisions about when to recognize an item in earnings via GAAP accounting policy choices (e.g., write-offs and accruals). We examine the effect of MF disclosure empirically by forming subsamples partitioned on MF characteristics (e.g., horizon and news content). We find that measured asymmetric timeliness is insignificant for firms issuing MFs of future-year earnings (forward-looking MFs). Further analysis reveals that the weaker asymmetric timeliness of firms issuing forward-looking MFs is concentrated in bad news MFs, consistent with a downward bias in the asymmetric timeliness coefficient related to prices leading earnings more in periods with forward-looking MFs. Additional tests reveal that the dampening effect of forward-looking MFs on asymmetric timeliness is correlated with fundamental determinants of conservatism examined in prior research, and absent for book-based (i.e., financial statement) measures of asymmetric timeliness.
The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza

Abstract Influenza virus infections remain a significant health burden worldwide, despite available vaccines. Factors that contribute to this include a lack of broad coverage by current vaccines and continual emergence of novel virus strains. Further complicating matters, when influenza viruses infect a host, severe infections can develop when bacterial pathogens invade. Secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) contribute to a significant proportion of influenza-related mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae as major coinfecting pathogens. Vaccines against bacterial pathogens can reduce coinfection incidence and severity, but few vaccines are available and those that are, may have decreased efficacy in influenza virus-infected hosts. While some studies indicate a benefit of vaccine-induced immunity in providing protection against SBIs, a comprehensive understanding is lacking. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of vira...
An atomistic study of the deformation behavior of tungsten nanowires

Large-scale atomistic simulations are performed to study tensile and compressive $$\langle 112\rangle$$ loading of single-crystalline nanowires in body-centered cubic tungsten (W). Effects of loading mode, wire cross-sectional shape, wire size, strain rate, and crystallographic orientations of the lateral surfaces are explored. Uniaxial deformation of a W bulk single crystal is also investigated for reference. Our results reveal a strong tension–compression asymmetry in both the stress–strain response and the deformation behavior due to different yielding/failure modes: while the nanowires fail by brittle fracture under tensile loading, they yield by nucleation of dislocations from the wire surface under compressive loading. It is found that (1) nanowires have a higher strength than the bulk single crystal; (2) with a cross-sectional size larger than 10 nm, there exists a weak dependence of strength on wire size; (3) when the wire size is equal to or smaller than 10 nm, nanowires buckle under compressive loading; (4) the cross-sectional shape, strain rate, and crystallographic orientations of the lateral surfaces affect the strength and the site of defect initiation but not the overall deformation behavior.
Queering the First-Year Composition Student (and Teacher): A Democratizing Endeavor

Mark McBeth and Tara Pauliny further the arguments in the preceding chapters, demonstrating that the disruption of traditionally academic spaces through queer thinking opens a space for “democratizing sensibilities” that allow students a greater sense of investment in equality and justice. McBeth and Pauliny ask, what if we proposed to our first-year composition students that they seem out of the ordinary (even extraordinary—yet not necessarily exceptional), all working within a space of shifting identities, and all, therefore, queer? Then, what if we then asked them to explore (rather than resist) this non-normative subjective position? The first year of college acts as a liminal space where students “leap forward—or linger at the door,” and freshmen often confront conundrums about their place in academia, their feelings of (dis)identification with intellectual labor, and a burgeoning sense of self that often feels “out of fashion” (Sommers and Saltz 133). For students, scrutinizing this liminal queerness allows their oft-disenfranchising feelings about school to become, instead, productive moments of learning. Using the triangulated frameworks of queer theory, performance studies, and composition/rhetoric research, McBeth and Pauliny provoke their students (and readers) to consider how their own non-normative positions have shaped their intellectual abilities, how these examined experiences can evoke interconnections with other people’s differences, and how these investigations can become an undertaking in identity deconstruction/reconstruction. They demonstrate how many of these discoveries occur in composition classrooms where students do not just absorb information from unilateral lectures but, instead, where they construct knowledge through self-generated, dynamic language that expands their boundaries of knowing (themselves). While incoming students often wrangle with ideas that they heretofore could not bear to know (Britzman), they can also gain a greater sense of the futurity of their own becoming (Halberstam; Munoz). Ultimately, this study flirts with the idea that, when everyone considers their “queerness” in a personal yet socially grounded context, democratizing sensibilities may emerge through writing, and a greater investment in equality and justice may occur.
Including Students’ Geographies in Geography Education: Spatial Narratives, Citizen Mapping, and Social Justice

Preparing students to become active, participatory citizens is more than promoting personal responsibility. It requires actively engaging with others in order to improve one’s community. Using a critical geography approach, this article describes research with students living in urban areas that engaged them in fieldwork and citizen mapping of the neighborhood around their high school. We were interested in how they interacted with this environment and their perceptions of social justice issues in the community. Student groups worked together to identify and investigate topics of their choosing in order to produce and present their findings and recommendations to community stakeholders. We collected data from these students through case studies, sketch maps, and interviews, which revealed an increase in understanding of their neighborhood and an appreciation for the use of spatial thinking and technologies in addressing issues that they care about as citizens.
Reduction in physical function in women after venous thromboembolism

Essentials The association of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with subsequent physical function remains unclear. We prospectively evaluated this relationship among women from the Nurses' Health Studies. We found a decline in physical function over four years in women with incident VTE. This decline was somewhat greater among women specifically reporting a pulmonary embolism. Summary Background Physical function is integral to healthy aging; however, limited research has examined the association of venous thromboembolism(VTE) with subsequent physical function. Objectives To prospectively evaluate the relationship between VTE and decline in physical function among 80 836 women from the Nurses' Health Study(NHS), ages 46-72 in 1992, and 84 304 women from the Nurses' Health Study II(NHS II), ages 29-48 in 1993. Methods Physical function was measured by the Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 physical function scale, administered every 4 years. We compared change in physical function for women with vs. without an incident VTE in each 4-year follow-up period using multivariable linear regression. Results We observed a decline in physical function over 4 years when comparing women with vs. those without incident VTE in both older (NHS) and younger (NHS II) women (multivariable-adjusted mean difference NHS, -6.5 points [95% CI -7.4, -5.6] per 4 years; NHS II, -3.8 [95% CI -5.6, -2.0]). This difference appeared greater among women specifically reporting a pulmonary embolism (NHS, -7.4 [95% CI -8.7, -6.1]; NHS II, -4.8 [95% CI -6.8, -2.8]), and was equivalent to 6.2 years of aging. Whereas longer-term slopes of physical function decline following a VTE were not different from the slopes of decline in women without a VTE, the absolute level of physical function of women with VTE was worse at the end of follow-up compared to women without VTE. Conclusions In this prospective cohort, incident VTE was strongly associated with an acute decline in physical function. These results suggest it may be clinically important to consider approaches to ameliorating functional deficits shortly after VTE diagnosis.
The Legal Status of Normative Pronouncements of Human Rights Treaty Bodies

This chapter begins with a consideration of mandates according to treaty texts, using the rules of interpretation contained in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, noting how these rules have been applied in practice by human rights tribunals. It also identifies the various types of pronouncements the different human rights bodies make. The chapter examines the development over time of the practice of treaty bodies and what these institutions have said about the juridical value of their decisions, comments and views. It undertakes an assessment of the notion of authoritativeness and the degree of deference owed by states to the pronouncements of human rights treaty bodies. In practice, the recommendations, observations, and general comments of human rights treaty bodies have persuasive force insofar as organs retain their independence, deliver reasoned and consistent opinions using accepted methods of treaty interpretation, and establish a pattern of compliance by States Parties. Keywords:human rights treaty bodies; Vienna Convention
Young Children at Risk in a Risk Society

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that providing all 20% of the nation’s three and four year old children who live in poverty with a high quality early childhood development program would have substantial payoff for governments and taxpayers in the future . . . investing in our poor young children is likely to have an enormous positive effect on the U.S. economy by raising GDP, improving the skills of the workforce, reducing poverty, and strengthening the United States global competitiveness.
Texting and tombstones: Impact of mortality salience on risky driving intentions

Abstract Objective This study investigated the impact of a new mortality salience (MS) manipulation on the intentions of young adults to drive a motor vehicle while texting or using a cell phone. Methods Four hundred and eight participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Participants in the MS condition were shown a color photograph of a gravesite and tombstone on which the participant’s name was inscribed. Participants in the quasi-MS condition viewed a color photograph of a grave site and tombstone on which the participant’s family name was inscribed. Participants in the two remaining non-MS conditions viewed color photographs depicting scenes unrelated to death. A 10-item scale assessed the extent to which a participant’s self-image was linked to their cell phone use. The 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) served as the distractor task, enabling images of death to fade from conscious awareness prior to completing the dependent measures. Results Both mortality salience manipulations increased negative attitudes toward driving while using a cell phone (DWCP) and decreased DWCP behavioral intentions. A subsequent test of an interaction between experimental condition and self-image scores on DWCP attitudes and intentions was non-significant. Conclusion Public health campaigns that personalize the risk of DWCP and link images of death to one’s own health threatening behavior may increase negative attitudes towards DWCP and reduce DWCP intentions even after these images fade from conscious awareness. This finding is based on a new method of increasing mortality salience, which has implications for future morality salience research, terror management theory, and the development of risky driving interventions.
Contemporary Literature From Northeast India: Deathworlds, Terror and Survival

The Northeast Indian borderlands, a cultural crossroads between South, Southeast and East Asia, constitute an important post-colonial exception to the narratives of nation, troubling the common perception of India as an ostensibly liberal regime. This book is the first to consider the representations of the effects of political terror and survival in contemporary literature from Northeast India. Fictions from this polyglot region offer alternative representations that show the post-colonial nation-state to engage in acts of aggression that parallel colonial regimes. The militarization of everyday life and the subsequent growth of cultures of impunity has left a lasting impact on ordinary existence in this border zone. Like in the much more widely discussed case of Kashmir, the governance of the Northeast region is not characterized so much by the management of life, the domain of what Michel Foucault calls biopolitics, but rather around the preponderance and distribution of death, what the postcolonial critic Achille Mbembe calls necropolitics. Not surprisingly, along with Mbembe’s theorizations, the influential works of the Italian philosopher, Giorgio Agamben, on 'bare life' have provided fruitful pathways to a study of the sovereign politics of death and political terror in this region. The author draws upon the conceptual literature on political terror and sovereign power through a reading of Anglophone fictions alongside Assamese fictional narratives (all published after 1990), but shifts the onus from the 'why' of violence to the 'how' of lived experience. An original study of contemporary survivalist fictions that explores survival under conditions of civil and military threat, this book is a valuable contribution to the field of contemporary global literature focusing on cartographies of death and sovereign terror and postcolonial literature.
Discomfort discussing HIV/AIDS and lack of awareness are barriers to partner-to-partner pre-exposure prophylaxis education:

We suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) may serve as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) educators for partners when informed about PrEP. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of P...
School Reintegration After Illness

Chronic physical illnesses affect a significant proportion of the US child and adolescent population. Approximately 20% of children with chronic medical conditions may be removed from school for an extended amount of time or for repeated brief time periods due to medical issues (e.g., hospitalizations, medical appointments), parent concerns about school’s ability to meet medical needs (e.g., monitor symptoms, handle emergencies), or children’s concerns regarding peer reactions. Due to medical advances (e.g., treatment of pediatric cancer) that have significantly reduced mortality rates, increasingly more students are returning to school settings following diagnosis and/or periods of intense treatment. The purpose of this chapter is to provide best practices and guidelines to interdisciplinary practitioners who work with community stakeholders to assist children in re-entering school after illness- and/or treatment-related absences. We draw on the current literature in this area of research as well as interdisciplinary and related sources to recommend methods for implementing, assessing, monitoring, and evaluating reintegration programs, as well as provide recommendations for interdisciplinary collaboration. A case study is described to illustrate application of recommended implementation and evaluation methods. The chapter concludes by identifying important directions for future research in school reintegration.
“Liquid Biopsy” of White Matter Hyperintensity in Functionally Normal Elders

Background and Objective: In the aging brain, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on MRI are frequently presumed secondary to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) or endotheliopathy. We investigate this association in vivo by quantifying protein cargo from endothelial-derived exosomes (EDE), and comparing levels between two groups of functionally normal elders with and without WMH. In addition, we study associations of EDE proteins with upstream and downstream factors, such as inflammation and neurodegenerative changes, respectively. Methods: Twenty six neurologically normal older adults completed general health questionnaires, neuropsychological and physical examinations, and brain MRI. WMH was visually graded with modified Fazekas score of 2 or greater used to classify 11 subjects as cases, and 15 without WMH as controls. Plasma total exosomes were precipitated and EDEs enriched by sequential immuno-precipitations. In addition, we quantified three inflammatory cytokines from plasma and imaging variables on MRI. Group means were compared, the discriminant functions of biomarkers calculated, and the association of EDE biomarkers with plasma inflammatory markers, cognition, and imaging outcomes assessed via regression modeling. Results: Plasma levels of EDE cargo proteins GLUT1, LAT1, P-GP, and NOSTRIN were significantly higher in subjects with WMH in comparison to those without. In contrast, EDE levels of the marker with low expression in brain (VCAM1) were equal between groups. The effect sizes for each of the brain-expressed cargo proteins (GLUT1, LAT1, and P-GP) were such that age-adjusted logistic regressions revealed areas under the curve (AUC) with range of 0.82-0.89, differentiating subjects with WMH from those without. VCAM1 poorly discriminated between groups (AUC:0.55). Higher levels of all brain-expressed EDE proteins were also associated with lower cognitive function, unrelated to burden of WMH. Levels of LAT1 and P-GP were significantly inversely associated with global gray matter volumes, and EDE GLUT1, LAT-1, and P-GP concentrations were significantly associated with systemic IL-6 levels. Conclusion: In a case control study of clinically normal adults with and without WMH, concentrations of EDE proteins were significantly higher in subjects with WMH in comparison to controls. This work is a first step toward in vivo dissection of molecular changes in endothelia of functionally normal subjects with radiographic evidence of age-associated white matter disease.
Seeing patterns in neuroimaging data.

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging research is often associated with images of brains overlaid with patterns of color that indicate significant activity. These images are one of the most salient and recognizable pieces of evidence neuroscientists appeal to as justification for claims about the relationship between cognitive processes and human behavior. The strongest critics of neuroimaging research argue that the technology possesses little, if any, scientific value, in part because of the assumptions implicit in the complex analysis procedures used to transform the data into interpretable data patterns. In this chapter, I shift the focus of this debate away from assumptions implicit in the operation of techniques themselves, and toward the role data analysis techniques play as parts of the process of interpreting neuroimaging data. I propose that data analysis techniques can be conceived of as a lens that brings patterns within the data into focus through its selective transformation. This approach recognizes the double-edged nature of data analysis and interpretation: techniques render data interpretable, but their selection and application is often informed by the methodological and theoretical commitments of researchers using them.
Contextual Issues in Couple and Family Therapy: Gender, Sexual Orientation, Culture, and Spirituality

Historically, one of the primary criticisms of family therapy was the failure of family therapy to see relationships in context (Taggart, 1985). Fortunately, as family therapy has evolved, therapists have come to recognize the powerful inﬂ uence that context has on individuals and their relationships. Individuals and families live in a society in which contexts such as gender, sexual orientation, culture, and spirituality are important and life shaping. To ignore the inﬂ uence of these issues is to do a disservice to families. For instance, a large body of literature shows that egalitarian couples are more satisﬁ ed in their relationships (Gottman & Silver, 1999; Larson, Hammond, & Harper, 1998; Rabin, 1996; Schwartz, 1994; Steil, 1997) and that spiritual rituals can improve health and healing (Hill & Pargament, 2003; Koenig, McCullough, & Larson, 2001; Walsh 2009). On the other hand, negative consequences occur when individuals develop intimate relationships based on power differentials (e.g., Canary & Stafford, 1992; Erickson, 1993; Gottman, 1991; Rabin, 1996) or hold harmful religious beliefs regarding homosexuality (Long & Andrews, 2011).
Abstract 387: Apolipoprotein E Receptor-2 Restricts Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Controls Heart Size

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) is highly expressed in brain and testes, but also in macrophages, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as heart. Importantly, gen...
Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs and is generally treated by immunosuppressive agents. Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) is a va...
Sex differences in the programming of stress resilience

Abstract Individuals are exceptionally resilient in the face of adversity, with only a small proportion of humans and animals showing lasting dysfunction following a stressful life event. The sex of the individual is an important factor in determining when in the life span an individual is vulnerable to stress, what type of stress is likely to produce lasting dysfunction, and how that dysfunction will manifest in measurable behavioral outcomes. However, the mechanisms that drive this sex-specific resilience are not currently well understood. The role that sex plays in producing resilience is critical, as many neuropsychiatric disorders are both linked to exposure to stressful life events and are sex biased in symptomology or prevalence. In this chapter, we review a growing literature in humans and rodents that addresses sex differences in resilience throughout the life span and the mechanistic contribution of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.
3.10 – RF MEMS

In this chapter, radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) devices and systems are discussed. What discoveries led to the creation of modern MEMS and where is the industry taking it? The advantages and limitations of using RF MEMS over solid-state devices are presented. The integration of MEMS with other devices from a component and a system level is discussed. The challenges that MEMS designers face and some of the creative solutions that have been proposed are presented. Readers can expect to become up to date with the state-of-the-art research being performed and some of the exciting products that are yet to be released.
What Pete Buttigieg—and all White Americans—Need to Understand About Racism

It is essential that educators, particularly white educators, work to understand racial inequality within a prophetic framework, refuse to perpetuate inaccurate and racist images of black and brown youth, and actively deconstruct structural inequalities within the education system. Structural racism, especially that which has been institutionalized within and in perceptions about the education system, is an important issue for the field of education that was recently the central issue of the eye-catching hashtag, #PeteButtigiegisaLyingMF. This Voices opinion piece examines Michael Harriot’s initiation of a conversation about understandings of structural racism with 2020 presidential candidate Pete Buttigieg, contextualizes this online moment through a theoretical perspective, and provides a call to action for white educators.
Fulminant Lymphocytic Myocarditis Possibly Secondary to Rhinovirus Infection in an Adolescent Female

Introduction Rhinovirus is responsible for a large number of upper respiratory tract infections annually. While viral infection is a well-known cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), rhinovirus-associated myocarditis is not well understood. This is a case of a young woman who suffered cardiogenic shock due to fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis and diagnostic testing noting the presence of rhinovirus, suggesting potential causation. Case Description During late autumn, a healthy 19 year old woman noted 1 week of progressive exertional dyspnea associated with a non-productive cough and epigastric pain. She was diagnosed with a new-onset DCM at a community hospital and transferred to our tertiary center for further management. Urgent echocardiography demonstrated severe biventricular systolic dysfunction and chamber dilation but normal wall thickness. Severe tricuspid valve insufficiency was present secondary to torn chordea tendinae causing a flail septal leaflet Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse biventricular sub-endocardial delayed enhancement concerning for fulminant myocarditis. Viral respiratory testing was positive for rhinovirus alone. Other laboratory diagnostic data was unremarkable. Cardiac catheterization was conducted, demonstrating the absence of coronary artery disease, but severely impaired cardiac output with an index of 1.65 L/min/m2 and moderately elevated left sided filling pressures. An endomyocardial biopsy confirmed lymphocytic myocarditis with extensive necrosis and fibrosis and CD68 positivity indicating macrophage predominate infiltrate. On the night of hospital day 3, hemodynamic instability was noted with an accelerating frequency of ventricular ectopy. Dobutmaine was started and the initiation of temporary mechanical support was attempted with Impella, However, this was aborted due to catheter occlusion of a small diameter femoral artery given her small stature. Therefore, central VA ECMO was placed. An expedited heart transplant evaluation was begun which she received 8 days later. Gross pathology of the explanted heart confirmed the diagnosis, with a mixed T-cell and B-cell lymphocytic infiltrate. Several months post-transplant, she is thriving. In the absence of other compelling causes of DCM, rhinovirus remains a possible culprit. Viral myocarditis is typically characterized by direct myocyte damage causing necrosis and host immune system upregulation leading to molecular mimicry. However, rhinovirus direct cardiac toxicity has not been identified. To date, two other reported cases of unexplained DCM in a 4 and 27 year-old showed the presence of rhinovirus on nasal swab however, myocardial biopsy was not performed. Conclusion This case presents a missed opportunity for confirming the link between rhinovirus and DCM. Confirmatory viral PCR on biopsy tissue should become a practice standard in any suspected cases and as a standard investigation in cases with unclear etiology.
Explaining Racial Disparities in Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the causative factors that contribute to racial disparities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and establish the role of hospital factors in racial disparities. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database analysis. METHODS Patients with surgically treated HNSCC were identified using the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). Logistic and proportional-hazard regression models were used to characterize the factors that contribute to racial disparities. Differences in quality of care received were compared among black and white patients using previously validated metrics. RESULTS We identified 69,186 eligible patients. Black patients had a 48% higher mortality than white patients (HR 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.54). Black patients had a lower mean quality score (67.6%; 95% CI, 66.8%-69.4%) compared with white patients (71.2%: 95% CI, 71.0%-71.4%) for five quality metrics. After adjusting for differences in patient, oncologic, and hospital factors we were able to explain 60% of the excess mortality for black patients. Oncologic factors at presentation accounted for 57.7% of observed mortality differences, whereas hospital characteristics and quality of care accounted for 11.5%. After adjusting for these factors, black patients still had a 19% higher mortality (HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.24). CONCLUSIONS Oncologic factors at presentation are a major contributor to racial disparities in outcomes for HNSCC. Hospital factors, such as quality, volume, and safety-net status, constitute a minor factor in the mortality difference. Resolving existing disparities will require detecting head and neck cancer at an earlier stage and improving the quality of care for black patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3. Laryngoscope, 131:1053-1059, 2021.
ON THE REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF Mg II ABSOPRTION SYSTEMS

We use a halo occupation approach to connect Mg II absorbers to dark matter halos as a function of redshift. Using the model constructed in Tinker & Chen, we parameterize the conditional probability of an absorber of equivalent width Wr being produced by a halo of mass Mh at a given redshift, P(Wr |Mh , z). We constrain the free parameters of the model by matching the observed statistics of Mg II absorbers: the frequency function f(Wr ), the redshift evolution n(z), and the clustering bias bW . The redshift evolution of Wr ≥ 1 A absorbers increases from z = 0.4 to z = 2, while the total halo cross section decreases monotonically with redshift. This discrepancy can only be explained if the gaseous halos evolve with respect to their host halos. We make predictions for the clustering bias of absorbers as a function of redshift under different evolutionary scenarios, e.g., the gas cross section per halo evolves or the halo mass scale of absorbers changes. We demonstrate that the relative contribution of these scenarios may be constrained by measurements of absorber clustering at z 1 and z ~ 0.1. If we further assume a redshift-independent mass scale for efficient shock heating of halo gas of M crit = 1011.5 h –1 M ☉, absorber evolution is predominantly caused by a changing halo mass scale of absorbers. Our model predicts that strong absorbers always arise in ~M crit halos, independent of redshift, but the mass scale of weak absorbers decreases by 2 dex from 0 < z < 2. Thus, the measured anti-correlation of clustering bias and Wr should flatten by z ~ 1.5.
AwareDX: Using Machine Learning to Identify Drugs Posing Increased Risk of Adverse Reactions to Women

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the fourth leading cause of death in the US. Although women take longer to metabolize medications and experience twice the risk of developing ADRs compared to men, these sex differences are not comprehensively understood. Real-world clinical data provides an opportunity to estimate safety effects in otherwise understudied populations, ie. women. These data, however, are subject to confounding biases and correlated covariates. We present AwareDX, a pharmacovigilance algorithm that leverages advances in machine learning to study sex risks. Our algorithm mitigates these biases and quantifies the differential risk of a drug causing an adverse event in either men or women. We present a resource of 20,817 adverse drug effects posing sex specific risks. We independently validated our algorithm against known pharmacogenetic mechanisms of genes that are sex-differentially expressed. AwareDX presents an opportunity to minimize adverse events by tailoring drug prescription and dosage to sex.
Langues et littératures de la « vieille Europe » dans les universités américaines : un état des lieux

Having completed his literature studies in France, the author of this essay started teaching in the United States in 1988 in both private and public universities. This essay is the result of his observations made as a teacher, a scholar and an administrator on the evolution and the shifts occurred in departments of romance languages these past thirty years. Since the 1980s, neoliberal politics and repetitive economic crisis encouraged states to drastically reduce their financial support to public universities forcing them to turn to other forms of financing including juicy contracts with Asian and the Middle Eastern countries where economic development generates surplus. This essay studies the consequences on departments of Romance languages of a university policy conducted in favor of the development of Chinese and Arabic languages, as well as sciences instead of European languages and the humanities in general, and shows how the preference given to those newly developing languages has weaken departments of European studies as a result.
Scalp-sparing radiation with concurrent temozolomide and tumor treating fields (SPARE) for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

2056Background: Standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes concurrent chemoradiation and maintenance temozolomide with Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). Preclinical st...
Discriminative Pattern Mining for Runtime Security Enforcement of Cyber-Physical Point-of-Care Medical Technology

Point-of-care diagnostics are a key technology for various safety-critical applications from providing diagnostics in developing countries lacking adequate medical infrastructure to fight infectious diseases to screening procedures for border protection. Digital microfluidics biochips are an emerging technology that are increasingly being evaluated as a viable platform for rapid diagnosis and point-of-care field deployment. In such a technology, processing errors are inherent. Cyber-physical digital biochips offer higher reliability through the inclusion of automated error recovery mechanisms that can reconfigure operations performed on the electrode array. Recent research has begun to explore security vulnerabilities of digital microfluidic systems. This paper expands previous work that exploits vulnerabilities due to implicit trust in the error recovery mechanism. In this work, a discriminative data mining approach is introduced to identify frequent bioassay operations that can be cyber-physically attested for runtime security protection.
DD55: Betriebliche Universalansprache zum Jahresbeginn (Oktober 2007)

Eine gefallige Rede soll ich halten – allerdings ist die Lage total schlecht. Die Stimmung ist so mies, dass direkte Vorwurfe nur auf Achselzucken treffen. Ich will auch gar nichts konkret gegen die Miststande tun, das schaffe ich allein nicht mehr weg. Ich will nur reden. Das ist meist die halbe Miete. Fur das Uberleben eines Unternehmens reicht Reden aus. Was aber sage ich nur? Moglichst nichts Inhaltliches, weil ich daran gemessen werden konnte. Ich messe andere – ja, das ist meine Macht! Aber ich selbst bin zu schlau, verantwortlich zu sein.
Chapter 14 – Xg blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Xg blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the Xg blood group system are also reviewed. The Xga system was established in 1962 when it was found that Xga antigen expression was uniquely controlled by the X chromosome. The function and disease association of the Xg blood group system is also discussed. XG is linked to the genes responsible for ichthyosis (STS), ocular albimism (OAI) and retinoschisis (RS). Family studies with anti-Xga helped to define the mechanism responsible for various sex-chromosome aneuploides. XG gene transcripts were detected in thymus, bone marrow and fetal liver, and in several non erythroid tissues: heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, prostate, thyroid, spinal cord, and trachea. The effect of enzymes/chemicals on Xga antigen on intact red blood cells (RBCs), the in vitro characteristics and the clinical significance of alloanti-Xga is also reviewed.