cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When the President Goes Public: The Consequences of Communication Mode for Opinion Change across Issue Types and Groups

Evidence is mounting that presidents find difficulty in leading public opinion. However, focusing on presidential ability to lead mass opinion may underestimate the degree to which presidents are able to rally key groups on political and personal characteristics. In this article, the authors use an experimental design to test the effect of communication mode across issue types and groups. From three of President Bush’s speeches on Iraq (the State of the Union, an Oval Office address, and a press conference), the data show that by going public the president can influence political opinions across certain issue types and groups. Among the findings are that the groups most affected by the president’s speeches are not always his core constituency but often his putative opponents. However, this opinion change by the noncore groups is often limited to direct presidential addresses and evaluations of the president’s personal qualities. The implication is that writing off presidential leadership as totally ineffe...
Endoscopic-assisted closure of a chronic colocutaneous fistula.

In the absence of such factors as distal obstruction, a complete rosette of mucosa at the external opening, foreign body, malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, or epithelialization of the tract, conservative management should allow healing of a postoperative, anastomotic, enterocutaneous fistula. Chronic or high-output fistulae usually require surgical correction. We describe the combined use of endoscopic clips and fibrin glue in the closure of a chronic colocutaneous fistula.
Three-dimensional printing of intracardiac defects from three-dimensional echocardiographic images: feasibility and relative accuracy.

Background With the advent of three-dimensional (3D) printers and high-resolution cardiac imaging, rapid prototype constructions of congenital cardiac defects are now possible. Typically, source images for these models derive from higher resolution, cross-sectional cardiac imaging, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. These imaging methods may involve intravenous contrast, sedation, and ionizing radiation. New echocardiographic transducers and advanced software and hardware have optimized 3D echocardiographic images for this purpose. Thus, the objectives of this study were to confirm the feasibility of creating cardiac models from 3D echocardiographic data and to assess accuracy by comparing 3D model measurements with conventional two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic measurements of cardiac defects. Methods Nine patients undergoing 3D echocardiography were identified (eight with ventricular septal defects, one with three periprosthetic aortic valve leaks). Raw echocardiographic image data were exported anonymously and converted to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format. The image data were filtered for noise reduction, imported into segmentation software to create a 3D digital model, and printed. Measurements of the defects from the 3D model were compared with defect measurements from conventional 2D echocardiographic data. Meticulous care was taken to ensure identical measurement planes. Results Long- and short-axis measurements of eight ventricular septal defects and three perivalvar leaks were obtained. Mean ± SD values for the 3D model measurements and conventional 2D echocardiographic measurements were 7.5 ± 6.3 and 7.1 ± 6.2 mm respectively ( P = .20), indicating no significant differences between the standard 2D and 3D model measurements. The two groups were highly correlated, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.988. The mean absolute error (2D − 3D) for each measurement was 0.4 ± 0.9 mm, indicating accuracy of the 3D model of Conclusions Three-dimensional printed models of echocardiographic data are technically feasible and may accurately reflect ventricular septal defect anatomy. Three-dimensional models derived from 3D echocardiographic data sets represent a new tool in procedural planning for children with congenital heart disease.
Carriers' spatial separation nonlinearity in quantum wells

We present theoretical analysis and simulation of optical nonlinearity in asymmetric quantum well (QW) that explicitly include the effect of carriers' spatial separation. Carriers' spatial separation nonlinearity (CSSNL) has two additional significant contributions to the induced polarization beside the transition dipole moment; namely, the permanent dipole moment (PDM) and the time-varying internally induced electrical potential. These effects are included by modifying the interaction Hamiltonian. We focus mainly on the polarization at the frequency of the applied field, from which the nonlinear change of refractive index can be obtained. The results show that the CSSNL largely enhances the refractive index change when compared with the Kerr effect. Also, the inclusion of the induced electric potential effect adds a second-order interaction contribution to the refractive index change.
Nonglutamate Pore Residues in Ion Selection and Conduction in Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels

High-affinity, intrapore binding of Ca(2+) over competing ions is the essential feature in the ion selectivity mechanism of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. At the same time, several million Ca(2+) ions can travel each second through the pore of a single open Ca(2+) channel. How such high Ca(2+) flux is achieved in the face of tight Ca(2+) binding is a current area of inquiry, particularly from a structural point of view. The ion selectivity locus comprises four glutamate residues within the channel's pore. These glutamates make unequal contributions to Ca(2+) binding, underscoring a role for neighboring residues in pore function. By comparing two Ca(2+) channels (the L-type alpha(1C), and the non-L-type alpha(1A)) that differ in their pore properties but only differ at a single amino acid position near the selectivity locus, we have identified the amino-terminal neighbor of the glutamate residue in motif III as a determinant of pore function. This position is more important in the function of alpha(1C) channels than in alpha(1A) channels. For a systematic series of mutations at this pore position in alpha(1C), both unitary Ba(2+) conductance and Cd(2+) block of Ba(2+) current varied with residue volume. Pore mutations designed to make alpha(1C) more like alpha(1A) and vice versa revealed that relative selectivity for Ba(2+) over K(+) depended almost solely on pore sequence and not channel type. Analysis of thermodynamic mutant cycles indicates that the motif III neighbor normally interacts in a cooperative fashion with the locus, molding the functional behavior of the pore.
Altered Target Gene Regulation Controlled by Estrogen Receptor-α Concentration

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is a transcriptional activator whose concentration is tightly regulated by the cellular environment. In breast tumors of postmenopausal women, elevated receptor concentrations can be associated with negative clinical outcomes, yet it remains poorly understood how such high levels impact ERalpha function. We previously demonstrated that high nuclear concentrations of ERalpha in breast cancer cells bypass the requirement for ligand and are sufficient to activate transcription and accelerate proliferation. Here, we extended those studies and asked whether the transcriptional targets and activation mechanism are similar or different from that of estrogen-stimulated ERalpha. We found that at elevated levels, ERalpha activated, but could not repress, known estrogen-responsive genes. Moreover, the set of activated genes was expanded to include the uterine-restricted target gene, complement component 3. The activation mechanism of ERalpha under these conditions depends both on activation function-1 and residues in the proximal region of the ligand-binding domain. Mutations of aspartate 351 and leucine 372 can inhibit ERalpha transcriptional activity gained at high concentrations and discriminate concentration-inducible ERalpha function from that induced by estrogen. Moreover, we demonstrate that at high levels, ERalpha stimulates transcription without recruiting steroid receptor coactivator-3 and without interference by a Gal4-receptor interaction domain box fusion protein containing LxxLL motifs, further distinguishing this mode of regulation from known activation mechanisms. Together these results demonstrate that the concentration of receptor in breast cancer cells can influence the pattern of target gene expression through a noncanonical activation mechanism.
Indirect evidence for elastic energy playing a role in limb recovery during toad hopping.

Elastic energy is critical for amplifying muscle power during the propulsive phase of anuran jumping. In this study, we use toads (Bufo marinus) to address whether elastic recoil is also involved a...
Theoretical studies on doubly and triply linked polymers of Ge9 clusters

Experimental isolation of singly-bonded polymers of Ge9 ,S n 9 clusters and oligomers of doubly linked Ge9 clusters encouraged us to explore other possibilities of polymerizing Ge9 units. The electron counts in the reported oligomers are not consistent with simple ideas of localized intercluster bonding; demanding a detailed theoretical analysis. Band structure calculations suggest delocalized bonding with a charge requirement of 2� per Ge9 unit for all polymeric doubly linked chains. DFT-based geometry optimization of model doubly linked polymers shows that one of the two possible forms is stable and has a band gap of � 1.0 eV. A detailed bonding analysis of a theoretical model, Rb4Ge18, shows that the increased inter-polyhedral bond weakens the intra-polyhedral bonding. Ternary fusions are found to be generally unstable – for triple linkages the intrapolyhedral bonding is still further reduced; the polymers appear to be unstable towards dissociation into individual Ge9 units. � 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Infrared Detection Techniques For Low-Background Satellite Experiments

Near infrared detector technology in the 10-30 μm band have been developed for use in liquid helium cooled telescopes both for celestial background measurements and for target identifications. Focal plane arrays using multidetector elements with charge coupled devices are being developed for infrared imagery. Research and development technology are now in progress for long wavelength (30 μm - 125 μm) detectors to be used in cryogenically cooled infrared telescopes to be used in satellite infrared experiments.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The ‘Broke Back Test’: a quantitative and qualitative analysis of portrayals of women in mainstream superhero comics, 1993–2013

Mainstream superhero comics have a reputation for portraying scantily-clad women with idealised bodies, posed in sexualised and sometimes physically impossible postures. This article explores whether such images are as pervasive as assumed, and whether their numbers have changed since the ‘Bad Girl’ heyday of the 1990s. I examine issues 1–6 of 12 current titles (two ensemble titles and four female-headed titles from DC; the same from Marvel), and then compare half of these to issues 1–6 of their previous incarnations in the mid-2000s and mid-1990s. In 24 titles/144 issues/14,599 panels, I find that almost every issue contains sexually objectifying portrayals of women, that women represent fewer characters even in female-headed titles, that women are objectified more often on covers than in panels and more often in ensemble titles than in female-headed titles, and that both ensemble and female-headed titles have less objectification in the 2010s than they did in the 1990s. I discuss the findings in terms o...
Solid-body-type vortex solutions of the Euler equations

A class of unsteady vortex solutions of the Euler equations is investigated. The solutions satisfy the von Karman–Bodewadt similarity scalings and correspond to free and forced oscillations of radially unbounded solid-body-type vortices with axially varying rotation rates. The vortices may be of unbounded vertical extent or confined by impermeable top and/or bottom plates. In the latter case the bounding plates may be stationary or oscillatory. A solution breakdown result tends to support the hypothesis that breakdown of viscous Bodewadt-type counter-rotating vortex flows is an essentially inviscid process.
Race/Ethnic Differences in Female Headship: Exploring the Assumptions of Assimilation Theory*

Objective. This article conducts a comparative analysis of temporal and generational patterns in Mexican-American female headship compared to patterns for non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. These patterns are explored within two frameworks of assimilation, the more general assimilation perspective and the “segmented” assimilation perspective. Methods. Logistic regression analysis looking at female headship is conducted using the 1960–1990 IPUMS. Additional analyses use the 1995 CPS to look at intergenerational patterns of female headship, divorce, and nonmarital fertility among Mexican-origin women relative to other groups of women. Results. Analysis using the IPUMS finds that U.S.-born Mexican-origin women have higher levels of female headship in every year compared to white women, and this difference has actually increased over time. Additionally, analysis using the 1995 CPS finds that while levels of female headship for second-generation Mexican-origin women are no higher, levels for third-generation Mexican-origin women far surpass those of white women. The high levels of female headship and the proportion of never married women with children in the household among third-generation Mexican-American women are startling and lend more support to a “segmented” assimilation framework.
Determining paleoceanographic circulations, with emphasis on the Last Glacial Maximum

The inference, from radiocarbon and other data, that the North Atlantic Ocean circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was reduced, is examined. Because glacial periods are thought to be windier than non-glacial ones, a reduced circulation is difficult to rationalize. A first step is to note that the circulation of mass is unlikely to correspond simply to the circulation of heat or freshwater (salt). By merely permitting an enhanced input of southern hemisphere water into the North Atlantic, one can accommodate significantly increased radiocarbon ages. Such an input is equally interpretable as owing to an increased mass circulation, rather than a decreased one. Inferred estimates from paleo-shear estimates in the Florida Current are re-interpreted as producing an indeterminate net flow there. Determination of the paleocirculation rates is not simpler than the problem in the modern ocean: it is fully three-dimensional and requires an adequate data base to determine the mass flux rates.
Evidence for genes on chromosome 2 contributing to alcohol dependence with conduct disorder and suicide attempts.

Twin studies provide strong evidence that there is a shared genetic liability that predisposes to a number of different psychiatric outcomes related to behavioral disinhibition. Further, alcohol dependence comorbid with other disinhibitory disorders is particularly heritable. Chromosome 2p14–2q14.3 has been linked to multiple psychiatric conditions related to behavioral undercontrol. In the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we previously reported linkage to this region with alcohol dependence (AD), suicide attempts (SUI), and conduct disorder (CD). In this study, we follow-up on these previous reports of linkage by combining the phenotypes in analyses that jointly consider the presence of multiple conditions. Linkage analyses of the combined phenotype of AD with CD or SUI results in a maximum LOD score of 5.4 in this region. In addition to this primary linkage peak, independent samples have reported linkage to other alcohol-related phenotypes across chromosome 2. Accordingly, we followed-up these linkage signals by testing for association with SNPs across chromosome 2 in a case–control sample, in which a subset of the cases consisted of alcohol-dependent probands from the linkage sample. We find evidence of association with the combined AD with CD or SUI phenotype, with 23 genes surviving permutation testing. The number of associated genes across the chromosome may explain the persistent linkage findings reported on chromosome 2 across a number of independent studies of alcohol and disinhibitory phenotypes. Further, none of the genes were located directly under the primary COGA linkage peak, which has implications for association tests following-up linkage peaks.
Functional Analysis and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Early Education Classrooms.

We conducted functional analyses (FA) with 4 typically developing preschool children during ongoing classroom activities and evaluated treatments that were based on FA results. Results of each child's FA suggested social-positive reinforcement functions, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior plus time-out was effective in decreasing problem behavior and increasing appropriate behavior. We discuss the utility of classroom-based FAs and potential compromises to experimental control.
“The Very Model of Modern Urban Decay”: Outsiders’ Narratives of Industry and Urban Decline in Gary, Indiana

In the eyes of many, the steel city of Gary, Indiana, entered a period of decline in the middle of the twentieth century. The once great city was seemingly racked by job loss, crime, racial division, or moral decay. Which of these caused the decline of the city depended upon the perspective of the story’s teller. Each narrative of decline contained a different moment where the city went wrong and it began to decay. For some it was the moral decay of the 1950s, for others it was the rise of black power and politics in the 1960s, for still others it was the white backlash against civil rights in the 1970s. Some saw a microcosm of America, some saw a dangerous cauldron of race and ethnicity. The source of decline and the origins of the urban crisis were largely in the eye of the beholder. The stories people chose to tell about Gary mattered because for much of the twentieth century, Gary was at the center of American narratives about industrialism. These were outsider narratives of decline read onto the Indi...
c.1437G>A intron 9 substitution on acid α-glucosidase gene associated with classic infantile-onset Pompe disease phenotype

Pompe disease, or glycogen storage disease type II (GSD2), an autosomal recessive disease first described by Joannes Cassianus Pompe (1901–1945), causes deficient activity of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme. GAA catalyses α 1,4 and α 1,6 glucosidic linkages in lysosomes; destruction of these linkages permits glycogen to be separated into glucose and later used for energy. Without proper function of this enzyme, glycogen accumulates in lysosome, causing muscle hypotonia. We report a previously undescribed association of c.1437G>A intron 9 substitution on the GAA gene with severe infantile-onset Pompe disease in a deceased proband and carrier status in four of five surviving family members. Previous authors have found late-onset or moderate severity infantile-onset Pompe disease associated with this allelic variation. Our proband’s family’s village was suspicious for locally endemic disease. While our proband developed all features of classic infantile onset GSD2, socioeconomic and geographic factors initially suggested an infectious aetiology.
Does selfing or outcrossing promote local adaptation

The degree to which plants self-fertilize may impact their potential for genetic adaptation. Given that the mating system influences genetic processes within and among populations, the mating system could limit or promote local adaptation. I conducted a literature survey of published reciprocal transplant experiments in plant populations to quantify the effect of mating system on the magnitude of local adaptation. Mating system had no effect on local adaptation. I detected no effect when species were categorized as either self-compatible or self-incompatible or when accounting for environmental differences between source populations. The results suggest that, despite limited genetic variation in selfing species and greater potential for gene flow in outcrossing species, mating system has little influence on adaptation of populations.
Decreased long-chain fatty acid oxidation impairs postischemic recovery of the insulin-resistant rat heart

Diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction are more likely to die than nondiabetic patients. In the present study we examined the effect of insulin resistance on myocardial ischemia tolerance. Hearts of rats, rendered insulin resistant by high-sucrose feeding, were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion ex vivo. Cardiac power of control hearts from chow-fed rats recovered to 93%, while insulin-resistant hearts recovered only to 80% (P<0.001 vs. control). Unexpectedly, impaired contractile recovery did not result from an impairment of glucose oxidation (576±36 vs. 593±42 nmol/min/g dry weight; not significant), but from a failure to increase and to sustain oxidation of the long-chain fatty acid oleate on reperfusion (1878±56 vs. 2070±67 nmol/min/g dry weight; P<0.05). This phenomenon was due to a reduced ability to transport oleate into mitochondria and associated with a 38–58% decrease in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) levels. Contractile function was rescued by replacing oleate with a m...
Hot-carrier degradation of submicrometer p-MOSFETs with thermal/LPCVD composite oxide

It is shown that while gate oxides containing thermal/LPCVD composite oxide have lower defect densities than gates using only thermal oxides, they are more susceptible to hot-carrier degradation. The hot-carrier-induced degradation of composite oxides is worse in p-channel MOSFETs than in n-channel MOSFETs. This sensitivity of p-channel MOSFETs is caused by higher electron trapping levels in LPCVD oxides. For 150-AA gate technology, the hot-carrier-degradation resistance of thermal/LPCVD composite gate oxides with a 70-AA or thicker thermal oxide layer approaches that of high-quality pure thermal oxide. >
Mutation of sec63 in zebrafish causes defects in myelinated axons and liver pathology

Mutations in SEC63 cause polycystic liver disease in humans. Sec63 is a member of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocon machinery, although it is unclear how mutations in SEC63 lead to liver cyst formation in humans. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a zebrafish sec63 mutant, which was discovered in a screen for mutations that affect the development of myelinated axons. Accordingly, we show that disruption of sec63 in zebrafish leads to abnormalities in myelinating glia in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the vertebrate nervous system, segments of myelin are separated by the nodes of Ranvier, which are unmyelinated regions of axonal membrane containing a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels. We show that sec63 mutants have morphologically abnormal and reduced numbers of clusters of voltage-gated sodium channels in the spinal cord and along peripheral nerves. Additionally, we observed reduced myelination in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as swollen ER in myelinating glia. Markers of ER stress are upregulated in sec63 mutants. Finally, we show that sec63 mutants develop liver pathology. As in glia, the primary defect, detectable at 5 dpf, is fragmentation and swelling of the ER, indicative of accumulation of proteins in the lumen. At 8 dpf, ER swelling is severe; other pathological features include disrupted bile canaliculi, altered cytoplasmic matrix and accumulation of large lysosomes. Together, our analyses of sec63 mutant zebrafish highlight the possible role of ER stress in polycystic liver disease and suggest that these mutants will serve as a model for understanding the pathophysiology of this disease and other abnormalities involving ER stress.
Using computer-generated graphics to make engineering documents and presentations more effective

The author explains how computer-generated graphics can be integrated into text to produce effective and persuasive technical reports and presentations. Integrating graphics into text allows the graphics to be proportioned so that the illustration appears on the same page with the text describing the graphics. When text and graphics appear on the same page, the reader follows the explanation of the graphics; when a reader has to turn to the end of the report to see the graphics, the reader loses the coherence of the report. To integrate graphics and text, information about graphics terminology as well as details about word-processing and graphics programs and printers are needed. The author discusses these topics, as well as preparing slide presentations from graphics. >
Servant Class: Basic Writers and Service Learning.

This article examines some of the tensions and contradictions between the process-oriented, learning-centered pedagogy commonly associated with basic writing and the product-based, performance-centered moment mandated by writing-for-the-community varieties of service learning. Because end-of-term "writing-for" projects cannot provide stu- dents with nearly as much opportunity to reflect on their practice and also to work through the narcissistic moment that academic discourse typically demands, it is suggested that students in basic writing classes would be better served by additional work in academic discourse rather than by being made servants by writing-for-the-community service-learning projects. Writ- ing-for projects remove the students from the problems they would solve, whereas continued work in academic discourse encourages students to see themselves in the problems, the image of otherness helping them reflect on the new problems their solutions create. Service learning is said to reduce defensiveness because it actively works against the objectification of students. Rather than objectifying students, service learning disrupts this process. It positions students not as deficient or pas- sive novices who need to learn to perform critical consciousness for teachers and for grades, but rather as agents in the world beyond campus who pair outreach work with critical reflection (writing about the community), who use writing to aid social service or- ganizations (writing for the community), and/or who help craft collaborative documents that instigate social change (writing with the community). (Deans 44; see also 146)
Radiocarbon dating of silica sinter deposits in shallow drill cores from the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

Abstract To explore the timing of hydrothermal activity at the Upper Geyser Basin (UGB) in Yellowstone National Park, we obtained seven new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon 14 C ages of carbonaceous material trapped within siliceous sinter. Five samples came from depths of 15–152 cm within the Y-1 well, and two samples were from well Y-7 (depths of 24 cm and 122 cm). These two wells, at Black Sand and Biscuit Basins, respectively, were drilled in 1967 as part of a scientific drilling program by the U.S. Geological Survey ( White et al., 1975 ). Even with samples as small as 15 g, we obtained sufficient carbonaceous material (a mixture of thermophilic mats, pollen, and charcoal) for the 14 C analyses. Apparent time of deposition ranged from 3775 ± 25 and 2910 ± 30 14 C years BP at the top of the cores to about 8000 years BP at the bottom. The dates are consistent with variable rates of sinter formation at individual sites within the UGB over the Holocene. On a basin-wide scale, though, these and other existing 14 C dates hint that hydrothermal activity at the UGB may have been continuous throughout the Holocene.
The Rhetoric of Submission

In “The Rhetoric of Submission,” we ask readers to consider how they might begin making their work public, and we point to heuristics and prompts for thinking about ways to merge research interests with publication venues. Here we offer suggestions for responding to Calls for Papers, contacting editors before submitting work, and establishing networks. We also define and outline steps for placing scholarship and offer guidelines for understanding the relationship among writer, reader, editor, and publication venue; reconsidering audience; negotiating submission guidelines; and determining realistic timelines. We also include a discussion about what happens after work is accepted for publication
Pieza , a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)

The new genus, Pieza, is proposed to include the following described species (all transferred from Mythicomyia): Pieza agnastis (Hall), comb. nov., P. angusta (Melander), comb. nov., P. minuta (Greene), comb. nov., P. ostenta (Melander), comb. nov. Seven new species are described: Pieza deresistans Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. dominicana Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. flavitibia Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. kake Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. pi Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. rhea Evenhuis, sp. nov., P. sinclairi Evenhuis, sp. nov. Mythicomyia ministra Melander and Mythicomyia vernalis Tabet & Hall are found to be junior synonyms of Pieza angusta (Melander), syn. nov.; Mythicomyia eremica Melander is found to be a junior synonym of Pieza minuta (Greene), syn. nov. A key to genera within the Mythicomyiinae and one to species of Pieza are presented.
Vena Caval Resection in Bulky Metastatic Germ Cell Tumors

AbstractWe describe the operative management and followup of vena caval resection in 12 patients with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava secondary to bulky metastatic (stage B3 or IIC) germ cell tumors. All patients received induction chemotherapy (10 platinum-based) followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The inferior vena cava was resected from just below the renal veins to the bifurcation of the iliac veins. Complete resection of retroperitoneal disease was accomplished in all patients. Five patients had postoperative complications, including 2 small bowel obstructions, 1 prolonged ileus and 2 persistent lymphatic leaks. Mean hospital stay was 37 days (range 27 to 49 days) versus 12 days (range 8 to 16 days) for noncomplicated recoveries. No long-term sequelae related to the vena caval resection have occurred with followup of 24 to 80 months. Seven patients are without disease, with a mean followup of 36 months (range 24 to 60 months).We conclude that en bloc vena caval resection for throm...
The Division of Clinical and Abnormal Psychology/Division of Clinical Psychology, (Division 12), 1945—

The object of the reorganized APA, as stated in its bylaws, was to advance psychology not only as a science but also as a profession and, in addition, as a means of promoting human welfare. The person most responsible for the successful merger of the APA and the AAAP was Robert M. Yerkes. As stated in the Psychological Bulletin in 1945 (Vol. 42): Resolved: that the Board of Governors of the AAAP, the retiring Council and new Board of Directors of the APA express to Dr. R. M. Yerkes their appreciation of his initiative, vision, and persistent constructive endeavor in bringing about at this highly opportune time the merger of the various psychological organizations previously existing into a new structure of new and great potentialities for the development of the future of our science. (p. 713)
A review of computational techniques in flow network models

Several computational algorithms which have been found useful in the computer simulation of flow network problems are discussed. The emphasis is on accurate, fast and low-cost methods for handling large structured problems. In the case of underdetermined problems, the implementation of smoothing and related techniques that yield a class of desirable solutions is described. It is shown how the model structure has been utilized in the solution process to save computer storage and run time. How the accuracy of the numerical schemes has been improved by the use of splines without disturbing the sparsity structure of the given system is also discussed.
Micro-water droplets in non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma: Evaporation and OH induced chemistry

Atmospheric pressure plasma has been considered as a promising technology for water treatment, biological decontamination, medical treatment and many other applications. Since these applications share a common feature where the plasma comes into contact with liquid, there has been a growing requirement for a more detailed knowledge of plasma-liquid interactions1.
Pre-treated mealworm larvae and silkworm pupae as a novel protein ingredient in emulsion sausages

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of adding pre-treated mealworm larvae ( Tenebrio molitor ) and silkworm pupae ( Bombyx mori ) flours on nutritional, physicochemical and textural properties of emulsion sausages. Whole freeze-dried insects were sequentially ground, defatted, and acid-hydrolyzed. Control sausage was formulated with 60% lean pork, 20% ice and 20% back fat, and insect treatments were prepared with replacement of 10% lean pork by each pre-treated insect flour. Defatting and/or acid hydrolysis significantly increased the protein content of two insect flours, but acid hydrolysis slightly decreased protein solubility ( P = 0.002). The addition of pre-treated insect flours had no impact on protein solubility of emulsion sausages, but increased cooking yield and hardness in a similar extent, regardless of pre-treating methods and insect types ( P > 0.05). Our results suggest that through separation processing, mealworm larvae and silkworm pupae can be further optimized as a novel protein ingredient for emulsified meat products. Industrial Relevance This study evaluated the nutritional and technological properties of pre-treated edible insects as a novel non-meat ingredient for the meat emulsion application. The results of the present study suggest that edible insect proteins can be practically utilized as a non-meat food ingredient in processed meat products or potentially other food applications without compromising the nutritional and technological properties of the products.
From Phosphaturia to Cardiovascular Protection: Is Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 the Heart of the Matter?

Mortality among patients on maintenance hemodialysis is excessive with an annualized mortality rate of 20% among US patients. Moreover, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. The phenotype of the patient on maintenance hemodialysis is extremely complex, and, indeed, this patient population is well known to have a high prevalence of multiple traditional (eg, hypertension and diabetes mellitus) and nontraditional cardiovascular (eg, anemia, vascular calcification) that contribute to excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Studies in animal models and in humans have clearly demonstrated that the derangements in hormonal regulators of mineral metabolism are associated with cardiovascular disease including vascular calcification and left ventricular hypertrophy, common complications of end-stage kidney disease. Dissecting out the leading target for intervention within the complex pathophysiology and hormonal milieu of the uremic environment in people on dialysis has been a vexing and difficult problem. Hence, over the past 2 decades, large-scale randomized, controlled trials aimed at dose of dialysis,1 dialysis membrane type,2 statins,3,4 secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcification,5,6 and anemia7,8 have failed to demonstrate improvement in clinical outcomes. Alas, worldwide, no new therapies have been definitively shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis populations. Recently, the search for new targets has focused on the ever increasingly complex mineral metabolism milieu in uremic patients on hemodialysis.9 Article see p 27 Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by osteocytes in response to several stimuli, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, serum calcium, and increased dietary phosphate.9 FGF-23 functions principally as a phosphaturic hormone to maintain phosphorus homeostasis by binding to klotho-dependent receptors in the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule of the kidney and inhibits phosphate reabsorption resulting in phosphaturia. In addition …
Turán’s Brick Factory Problem: The Status of the Conjectures of Zarankiewicz and Hill

In this chapter, we explore the history and the status of the Zarankiewicz crossing number conjecture and the Hill crossing number conjecture, on drawing complete bipartite and complete graphs in the plane with a minimum number of edge crossings. We discuss analogous problems on other surfaces and in different models of drawing.
Neutralizing interest flooding attacks in Named Data Networks using cryptographic route tokens

Named Data Networking (NDN) is considered to be a viable candidate to replace the host-centric IP model in the next generation of the Internet. Although NDN is known to be resistant to classical DoS and spoofing attacks, vulnerability to NDN-specific attacks nevertheless arises from the use of stateful routing to satisfy requests (Interests). Prime among these attacks, Interest flooding attacks on Named Data Networks induce denial of service by maliciously occupying memory kept to maintain state of outstanding Interests. While previous work has focused on developing reactive Interest flooding detection and mitigation strategies, we contribute with this an in-packet cryptographic mechanism called the route token which proactively provides named data networks a quantifiable degree of security against Interest flooding without relying on a stateful forwarding plane.
Novel small molecules in the treatment of lymphomas.

Despite the enormous progress that has been made over the last decade in the treatment of many lymphomas, the prognosis for patients with relapsed disease, and particular sub-types of lymphoma like mantle cell and T-cell lymphoma, remain poor. While major advances in the use of combination chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, peripheral blood stem cell transplants, and radioimmunotherapy have provided new opportunities to affect cure and even manage more chronic forms of lymphoma, these traditional approaches have not benefited all patients or sub-types of lymphoma. In addition, the rapid pace of understanding the molecular basis for the discrete sub-types of lymphoma is affording new opportunities to both risk stratify patients and identify potentially “drugable” targets. These advances in understanding the major molecular defects in lymphoma have provided a new context in which we can consider the use of new and old drugs. The panoply of new targets and drugs now becoming available for the treatment of lymphoma is truly mind-boggling. A plethora of new small molecules that target Bcl-2, mTOR, histone deactylases, and NF-kB have shown promising preclinical activity, and now promising early phase clinical activity. In select cases, the empirical observations from early phase I clinical trials have provided invaluable clues to potentially valuable drugs like bortezomib, depsipeptide, and SAHA. These empirical observations, based on the inclusion of patients with lymphoma in these studies, have proven to be as or more valuable than any other ‘rational’ target based approach.
Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors and Quark Content

pM , decreases almost linearly with increasing Q 2 has brought considerable new attention to the measurement of nucleon form factors at high Q 2 . A consensus is growing in which the explanation for this behavior can be found in the role played by quark orbital angular momentum. Interestingly, several subsequent experiments have seen evidence for quark OAM in completely independent contexts. Recent measurements of the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron, G n =G n have been made up to Q 2 = 3:4 GeV 2 . It is now possible to disentangle the u- and d-quark contributions to the elastic form factors in the Q 2 regime in which the interesting behavior in the proton was observed. The behavior of the u- and d-quark contributions was found to be markedly different, a fact that has been interpreted as evidence for diquark-like structures within the nucleon. We also discuss progress and future plans on precise measurements of the charge radius of the proton, a subject that has gotten considerable attention since the charge radius extracted from a measurement of the Lamb Shift in muonic hydrogen was seen to be in disagreement with charge radii measured in electron scattering. Elastic form factors are having a profound influence over the modern understanding of the QCD structure of the nucleon.
Consumo de cafeína: o que aconselhar na preconceção e gravidez?

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between caffeine consumption during preconception and pregnancy and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in healthy women. Data sources: MEDLINE database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines Infobase, Cochrane Library, Bandolier, DARE, Trip Database, and Index of Portuguese medical journals. Methods: An evidence based review of relevant scientific papers published within the past five years (from 01/08/2010 to 31/08/2015), in English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese was conducted. The MESH terms used were ‘caffeine’, ‘spontaneous abortion’ and ‘fetal death’. To evaluate the levels of evidence (LE) and strength of recommendation, the authors used the Strength of recommendation taxonomy of the American Family Physician. Results: The search revealed 84 papers, four of which were included in this survey. We included three systematic reviews (all with LE 2) and one prospective cohort study (LE 1). These papers show an increased occurrence of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth with moderate-to-high consumption of caffeine (over 100-150mg/day) during pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence for an association between these adverse events and caffeine consumption during preconception. Conclusions: Moderate to high caffeine consumption during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth (Strength of recommendation B). We recommend that caffeine consumption during this period should be reduced (<100-150mg/day) or completely avoided. There is insufficient evidence for recommendations regarding caffeine consumption during preconception. Better quality studies are needed to confirm the available evidence.
Evaluating approaches for sustaining methane production from coal through biogasification

Abstract Biogenic methane production from coal has been demonstrated to be a universal process at places where coal and a suitable microbial community co-exist. Through stimulating activities of in situ microbial communities, higher methane production rate can be achieved compared to those without biostimulation. However, it is commonly observed that upon stimulation either in situ or ex situ, methane production will increase but halt after certain period of time. This study was thus designed to identify reasons for this behavior and provide insight on how to sustain coal biogasification over longer durations. It was found out that after methane production rate stopped increasing, coal, at the studied loading, was still bioavailable. The headspace gas and the coal degradation intermediates were not toxic or inhibitory to the bioconversion process. Instead, lack of nutrients, especially those provided through yeast extract and peptone was critical for sustained methane release from coal. Although these two nutrients could be used as carbon sources, negligible amount of methane was observed from control reactors without coal. At least, these were true for the microbial community and the bituminous coal investigated here. Thus, to convert coal to methane continuously at a high rate that is possible, site-specific nutrient solution needs to be supplemented periodically.
Centralizing Value: An Institutional Theory Perspective

The implementation of the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid has provided hospitals with new environmental pressures relating to quality, p...
P4.112 Associations of hiv testing with anxiety and stress: implications for faith based hiv testing and treatment

Introduction The African American church has recently embraced a non-traditional venues perspective by incorporating HIV testing into the formal support services provided to the community. Mental health related indicators such as anxiety and stress are often associated with a lack of HIV testing. Social support from individuals and institutions within the African American community may have an important role in reducing stress and anxiety associated with HIV testing. Methods In this cross-sectional survey based study, we surveyed and compared the responses of the congregants from two churches which offered testing and two which did not (n=177). Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression Results We found that in churches without HIV testing anxiety was significantly higher (OR=4.60, p Conclusion These results have implications for the important role that African American churches could have in not only offering HIV testing but in reducing associated levels of stress and anxiety. They also suggest that churches willing to incorporate HIV risk reduction programs and interventions may have more profound impacts on the mental health of at risk populations.
Reflective Minds/Intentional Hearts: Joining Humanistic Education and Critical Theory for Liberating Education.

This paper proposes an integration of critical theory and humanistic education. Strengths and limitations of each are discussed, and a model for liberatory education is proposed that incorporates t...
Testing complex animal cognition: Concept learning, proactive interference, and list memory.

This article describes an approach for assessing and comparing complex cognition in rhesus monkeys and pigeons by training them in a sequence of synergistic tasks, each yielding a whole function for enhanced comparisons. These species were trained in similar same/different tasks with expanding training sets (8, 16, 32, 64, 128 … 1024 pictures) followed by novel-stimulus transfer eventually resulting in full abstract-concept learning. Concept-learning functions revealed better rhesus transfer throughout and full concept learning at the 128 set, versus pigeons at the 256 set. They were then tested in delayed same/different tasks for proactive interference by inserting occasional tests within trial-unique sessions where the test stimulus matched a previous sample stimulus (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 trials prior). Proactive-interference functions revealed time-based interference for pigeons (1, 10 s delays), but event-based interference for rhesus (no effect of 1, 10, 20 s delays). They were then tested in list-memory tasks by expanding the sample to four samples in trial-unique sessions (minimizing proactive interference). The four-item, list-memory functions revealed strong recency memory at short delays, gradually changing to strong primacy memory at long delays over 30 s for rhesus, and 10 s for pigeons. Other species comparisons and future directions are discussed.