cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies

The past quarter century of scholarship on public opinion has shown that citizens’ attitudes can be influenced significantly by how elites frame their communications in the mass media. In the parlance of this research, a speaker “frames” an issue by encouraging readers or listeners to emphasize certain considerations above others when evaluating that issue. A framing “effect” occurs when individuals arrive at different positions on the issue, depending on the priority given to various considerations (Druckman and Nelson 2003: 730). For example, a newspaper editorial defending a hate group rally in terms of the group’s free speech rights may move readers to favor allowing the rally by causing them to weigh speech concerns more heavily when assessing the issue. Alternatively, an editorial challenging the rally as a threat to public safety may lead readers to give priority to maintaining social order and turn them against the rally (Nelson, Clawson, and Oxley 1997). Such studies raise questions about the capacity of citizens to provide autonomous input into the democratic process. If public preferences can be arbitrarily manipulated by how issues are framed, there can be no legitimate representation of public interests or meaningful discussion of government responsiveness (e.g., Bartels 2003; Entman 1993; Zaller 1992). Public opinion fails in these instances as a reliable guide to policy. Most of this research, however, has drawn its conclusions from observations of noncompetitive political contexts in which elite frames are conveyed without debate or opposition. There has been surprisingly
Effects of concept-based instruction on students' conceptual understanding and procedural knowledge of calculus

An original study, involving 305 college-level calculus students and 8 instructors, and its replication study, conducted at the same university and involving 303 college-level calculus students and 8 instructors, investigated the effects of instructional environment (concept-based vs. procedure-based) on students' conceptual understanding and procedural knowledge of calculus. Multiple achievement measures were used to determine the degree to which students from different instructional environments had mastered the concepts and the procedures inherent to first semester calculus. Achievement measures included two skills examinations designed to evaluate procedural competence and a midterm examination and a final examination both designed to evaluate procedural skills as well as conceptual understanding. The learning environment resulted in no significant differences in the students' abilities to employ procedural skills, as measured by the skills examinations. The students enrolled in the concept-based learning environment scored significantly higher then the students enrolled in the procedure-based learning environment on assessments that measured conceptual understanding as well as procedural skills (p< .001). The results of the replication study are consistent with the results of the original study, increasing the generalizability of the results. These results provide post-secondary level evidence that concept-based instructional programs can effectively foster the development of student understanding without sacrificing skill proficiency.
CPU controller optimization in HDL logic synthesis

We present a procedure to optimize controllers of a CPU in a high-level description language (HDL) logic synthesis environment. The procedure is optimized for power and area efficiency of the controller. Applying the procedure on an actual controller of a RISC CPU, we realized up to 30% power as well as 20% area reduction compared to an unoptimized design. The procedure is applicable to any synthesizable HDL with symbolic state variables in its behavioral description.
Comparison of methods for teaching developmental milestones to pediatric residents

Interactive media are effective tools in teaching and allow for self-directed study, which develops skills for life-long learning among health professionals. With this type of study, the learner can review material at his/her own pace and target areas that require emphasis. Pediatric residents require an accurate understanding of developmental milestones in children of various ages and their normal variations. The best representation of developmental milestones requires video recordings of children demonstrating appropriate skills. However, such recordings are not always available, so printed materials are most often used. In this realm, a computer-based interactive learning tool using animated cartoons gives flexibility for presentation using drawings. We compared pediatric residents’ knowledge of developmental milestones in neonates to 5-year-olds before and after study with either an interactive DVD or paper-based materials. A team of physicians and educational specialists in Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center produced an interactive DVD containing animated cartoons and questions. Residents were divided into an intervention group that used the DVD and a control group that used traditional paper-based materials. Each group’s improvement [or increase] in knowledge was measured. Compared with the 17 residents in the control group, the 37 in the intervention group tended to acquire more knowledge about developmental milestones. The mean scores at T1, T2, and T3 doubled from the initial scores in the intervention group, while no difference was observed in the control group. An interactive educational DVD can be an effective supplement to improve residents’ knowledge of developmental milestones.
Modulation of Midtropospheric CO2 by the South Atlantic Walker Circulation

AbstractMidtropospheric CO2 data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are used in this study to explore the variability of CO2 over the South Atlantic Ocean. It was found that the area-averaged CO2 over the South Atlantic Ocean is less than that over South America by about 1 ppm during December–March. This CO2 contrast is due to the large-scale vertical circulation over this region. During December–March, there is sinking motion over the South Atlantic Ocean. The sinking motion brings high-altitude air with a slightly lower concentration of CO2 to the midtroposphere. Meanwhile, air rising over South America brings near-surface air with a higher concentration of CO2 to the midtroposphere. As a result, the AIRS midtropospheric CO2 concentration is lower over the South Atlantic Ocean than over South America during December–March. The detrended AIRS midtropospheric CO2 difference correlates well with the inverted and detrended 400-hPa vertical pressure velocity difference between the South Atlantic an...
Attitude Changes Following Speechreading Training

Twelve hearing impaired adults were enrolled in intensive speechreading training classes following formal audiologic evaluation. They were given a video taped test of speechreading skill before and after twelve weeks (18 hours) of training. They were also given a post-treatment experimental questionnaire which asked for their opinions in the general areas of class procedures, communicative ability, feelings about the group and other related topics. The responses on the questionnaire were examined with regard to each individual's opinion, the total group feelings and the results of the speechreading test. It was found that although the speechreading test scores showed no significant pre- and post-treatment differences, the responses on the experimental questionnaire were generally positive. It was felt that this questionnaire may well be a useful tool as part of the evaluation of one's total communicative ability. Moreover, it was felt that the group experiences provided significant insights into hearing i...
Ultrafast dynamics and interlayer thermal coupling of hot carriers in epitaxial graphene

We report the first application of nondegenerate ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy to investigate the dynamics of hot Dirac Fermions in epitaxial graphene. The DT spectra can be understood in terms of the effect of hot thermal carrier distributions on interband transitions with no electron-hole interaction. We also investigate the thermal coupling between carriers of doped and undoped layers. The coupling time is found to be below 500fs. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heart transplantation: the increasing challenges of evidence-based decision-making.

The benefit of heart transplantation has never been tested in a randomized clinical trial because heart transplantation has always been considered a breakthrough therapy according to criteria of evidence-based medicine, namely following early clinical results from Stanford University [(1)][1].
A Systematic Review of Symptoms for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer

Context Ovarian cancer is common and has significant morbidity and mortality, partly because it is often diagnosed at a late stage. This study sought to determine the accuracy of individual symptoms and combinations of symptoms for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Evidence acquisition MEDLINE was searched, identifying 2,492 abstracts, reviewing 71 articles in full, and ultimately identifying 17 studies published between 2001 and 2014 that met the inclusion criteria. Data were abstracted by two researchers, and quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 criteria adapted to the study question. Bivariate random effects meta-analysis was used where possible, and heterogeneity and threshold effects were explored using receiver operating characteristic curves. Data were analyzed in 2015. Evidence synthesis Most studies were at high risk of bias, primarily because of case-control design or differential verification bias. The highest positive likelihood ratios (LRs+) were found for presence of abdominal mass (LR+, 30.0); abdominal distension or increased girth (LR+, 16.0); abdominal or pelvic pain (LR+, 10.4); abdominal or pelvic bloating (LR+, 9.3); loss of appetite (LR+, 9.2); and a family history of ovarian cancer (LR+, 7.5). No symptoms were helpful at ruling out ovarian cancer when absent. The Ovarian Cancer Symptom Index was validated in five studies and (after excluding one outlier with different inclusion criteria) was 63% sensitive and 95% specific (LR+, 12.6; LR–, 0.39). Two other symptom scores had not been validated prospectively. Conclusions Several individual signs and symptoms significantly increase the likelihood of ovarian cancer when present. More work is needed to validate decision rules and develop new decision support tools integrating risk factors, symptoms, and possibly biomarkers to identify women at increased ovarian cancer risk.
The cephalotrigonal reimplant in bladder neck reconstruction for patients with exstrophy or epispadias

AbstractA modified technique of ureteroneocystostomy with bladder neck plasty was used in 36 of 75 patients undergoing staged repair of bladder exstrophy or epispadias between 1986 and 1992. This procedure entails mobilizing the ureter while preserving the trigonal hiatus as with the cross-trigonal technique. The distal ureteral segments are directed superiorly toward the bladder dome rather than across the mid line. Of 75 patients 36 underwent cephalotrigonal reimplantation and 39 had a conventional cross-trigonal reimplant. Continence rate was 77% in the patients who underwent cephalotrigonal reimplantation and 72% in those who had a cross-trigonal reimplant. No patient had ureteral obstruction or vesicoureteral reflux.The ureter in exstrophy patients enters the bladder from an inferior position within the true pelvis. Directing the ureter superiorly rather than across the mid line provides a more gradual course through the hiatus and submucosal tunnel. The cranial course of the distal ureter frees more...
The Atmospheric Cycle of Elemental Carbon

Four sets of factors determine the overall nature of the cycling of elemental carbon through the atmosphere and thereby determine the concentration fields, and fluxes in and out of the atmosphere. The source factor controls mass emission rates, initial microphysical properties such as size distribution, initial chemical composition, and location of injection into the atmosphere. Aerosol mechanics determine the rate of coagulation of the elemental carbon particles with themselves and with other aerosol particles, the rate of diffusive removal to surface sinks, and sedimentation.Chemical factors, largely the physical and chemical properties of impure graphitic carbon, subsequently govern the refractive indices along with the chemical interaction of the particles with other gas and aerosol constituents and with liquid water. Finally, meteorological factors include mixing in the planetary boundary layer, advection, incorporation into clouds and/or into cloud droplets, chemical processes inside of cloud drops, cloud evaporation and removal by precipitation. These factors may be linked together in a system flow diagram to explain the observed presence and behavior of carbon particles in air.
Relationship of the functional movement screen in-line lunge to power, speed, and balance measures.

Background:The in-line lunge of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) evaluates lateral stability, balance, and movement asymmetries. Athletes who score poorly on the in-line lunge should avoid acti...
Design of a Heat Sink in an Undergraduate Heat Transfer Course

Thermal design was incorporated into an undergraduate heat transfer course through a multistage design project. The students were tasked with designing water channels to be cut in an aluminum block using a wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. The students begin the process by analyzing the internal channels as a one dimensional array of fins using traditional analysis and correlations and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to perform the calculations. Working in groups of two, the students conduct several parametric studies and develop a preliminary design using an array of fins method. The requirements for the design included outcomes that had to be met, along with weighting factors for key aspects of the design such as thermal performance, pressure drop, fabrication cost and volumetric flow rate. Next, the students analyze their preliminary design using SolidWorks flow simulation and compare their results to the one dimensional array of fins analysis. The groups then begin the process of refining their design using SolidWorks flow simulation to predict key parameters. Finally, the students select their best design which is fabricated using a wire EDM machine. The heat sinks are tested using a single experimental apparatus and the best design is determined based on the original requirements. The project is first introduced when the students are covering resistor networks and the analysis of an array of fins. The computational aspect of the project begins after the students have covered steady state conduction using finite difference methods. Using the computational results the students plot the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the channel, which complements the lectures on internal developing flows.© 2012 ASME
Influence of Feeding by Grubs of the Southern Masked Chafer on Quality and Yield of Kentucky Bluegrass

Grubs of Cyclocephala immaculata (Olivier) are serious pests of turfgrass in home lawns, golf courses, parks, and other urban areas. To measure the impact of larval feeding on Kentucky bluegrass turf, sunken enclosures were infested with 3rd instars of the southern masked chafer at densities of 0 to 48 grubs per 0.1 m2. On the basis of visual ratings and clipping weights, initial densities of 24 to 48 grubs per 0.1 2 caused significant reductions in quality and yield after only 2 weeks, and reduced growth by up to 65% after 6 weeks of feeding. Regular irrigation or adequate rainfall masked differences between infested and uninfested plots. Apparently, in many situations, the economic threshold for masked chafer grubs is considerably higher than the usual rule-of-thumb estimate of six to eight grubs per 0.1 m2.
Classical Electromagnetic Fields from Quantum Sources in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Electromagnetic fields are generated in high energy nuclear collisions by spectator valence protons. These fields are traditionally computed by integrating the Maxwell equations with point sources. One might expect that such an approach is valid at distances much larger than the proton size and thus such a classical approach should work well for almost the entire interaction region in the case of heavy nuclei. We argue that, in fact, the contrary is true: due to the quantum diffusion of the proton wave function, the classical approximation breaks down at distances of the order of the system size. We compute the electromagnetic field created by a charged particle described initially as a Gaussian wave packet of width 1 fm and evolving in vacuum according to the Klein–Gordon equation. We completely neglect the medium effects. We show that the dynamics, magnitude and even sign of the electromagnetic field created by classical and quantum sources are different.
Discussion on the Method of Internal Rate of Return for Evaluating Investment Program

This paper provides a revision internal rate of return method.The routin e investment program can be evaluate d by this revision method.
Vortex Simulation of the Induction and Compression Processes in an Engine Model

Results of the application of numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations to the flow field inside a model of an internal combustion engine are presented. The numerical method is a hybrid vortex-finite element scheme, which combines the flexibility of finite element methods in handling complicated boundary conditions of the field equation, and the capability of vortex methods to reveal large scale convective structures at high Reynolds numbers. Moreover, it extends the application of vortex methods to compressible flows at low Mach number. At this stage, interest lies in predicting the flow structure within the cylinder during the intake and compression strokes. The effects of the piston geometry and the shape of the intake valve on the flow pattern are investigated. Qualitative comparisons with experimental data are discussed.
Time resolved transmission of collagen-based films during ArF exrimer laser ablation

Time resolved reflectivity studies of ArF (193-nm) laser pulses on bovine cornea have shown substantial temporal truncation of the reflected pulse,1 Similar results have also been obtained using collagen gel substrates.1 These investigations have indicated that this pulse distortion is primarily due to dynamic reflectivity changes in the surface, and is not predominantly an effect of scattering by ablation products.
The Structure of Interaction Goals

Man is not just a rational animal. … It is in the use of symbols [hat a man differentiates himself from other men as he puts his personally projected world in the kind of order he can live with. Further, it is through symbols that he relates himself with others so that, in his organized system of interdependency, he may satisfy his needs. (Fogarly, 1959, p. 60)
Oil-Company Planners

In the research and writing on corporate strategic planning, little mention is made of who the planners should be. When the topic is mentioned, the key question is whether line managers should or should not be part of the corporate planning team. Some writers suggest that line managers should be included in the process because they are the ones who have to implement the plans, and if they are not included, plans will be difficult to implement.1 Others conclude that planning should be done by the CEO and his top advisors.2 Line managers, so the argument goes, have vested interests in promoting their own projects and should only be charged, therefore, with planning for their own divisions. There is agreement, however, that whether line or staff, (i) the planning team should be made up of senior executives who have broad knowledge of the company’s activities and (ii) team-members should be powerful within the organization. As we shall see in this chapter, companies under review here conform to both points.
Introduction to Atomistic Simulation Methods

In this chapter we give a synopsis of classical simulation methods for atomic and molecular systems. We discuss the fundamental principles and empirical potentials underlying molecular statics and dynamics. We also introduce the connection to statistical mechanics and the estimation of macroscale material properties. In addition to theoretical aspects of atomistic simulation methods, we provide an overview of practical aspects, and the tools and simulation packages that are currently available.
Development of Hybrid MEMS/FIB Processes and Applications of Three-pronged Active Nanotweezers For Manipulation of Nano Objects

We report recent development of a three-probe micromachined nanomanipulator for manipulation and in-situ characterization of nanomaterials in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanomanipulator consists of three independent probes having thermal bimetallic actuators and nanoscopic end-effectors. Nanoscale end-effectors with sub-100-nm spacing are created using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to directly interface with nanoscopic objects (e.g., nanotubes, nanowires). Handling of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was successfully realized with the nanomanipulator in an SEM.
Innate Immune Function and Organ Failure Recovery in Adults With Sepsis.

Purpose:Sepsis stimulates pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. The innate immune response is critical to organ injury repair. We tested for an association between innate immune function and...
Recurring vivid dreams in an older Hmong man with complex trauma experience and cognitive impairment

Introduction Health care workers need to consider the culture and ethnic preferences prevalent in the Hmong community in order to provide optimal care. We describe an older Hmong man to illustrate the challenges faced and competencies needed by primary care. Case presentation An 80-year-old non-English speaking Hmong man with diabetes, nerve sheath tumor, and hypertension presented to the outpatient clinic with his grandson complaining of sleep problems. He had had 2 vivid recurring dreams during the previous few months. Memory assessment was significant for dementia. Discussion This case addresses the complexity in taking care of a non-English speaking Hmong older man who has memory loss, trauma in adulthood, multiple caregivers, and sleep problems. Conclusions A careful history from patient and family to get to know their cultural preferences and attitudes was helpful. Identification of the primary caregiver was critical in providing care.
Fischer-Hepp rearrangement

Transformation of N-nitroso-anilines to the corresponding para-nitroso anilines. Cf. Orton rearrangement.
A 64-Element 28-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With 52-dBm EIRP and 8–12-Gb/s 5G Link at 300 Meters Without Any Calibration

This paper presents a 64-element 28-GHz phased-array transceiver for 5G communications based on $2\times 2$ transmit/ receive (TRX) beamformer chips. Sixteen of the $2\times 2$ TRX chips are assembled on a 12-layer printed circuit board (PCB) together with a Wilkinson combiner/divider network and 28–32-GHz stacked-patch antennas. The 64-element array results in 1.1 dB and 8.9° rms amplitude and phase error, respectively, with no calibration due to the symmetric design of the $2\times 2$ beamformer chips and the PCB Wilkinson network. The effect of phase and amplitude mismatch between the 64 elements is analyzed and shown to have little impact on the 64-element array performance due to the averaging effects of phased arrays. Detailed pattern, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), and link measurements performed without any array calibration are presented and show the robustness of the symmetrical design technique. The phased array can scan to ±50° in azimuth ( $H$ -plane) and ±25° in elevation ( $E$ -plane) with low sidelobes and achieves a saturated EIRP of 52 dBm with 4-GHz 3-dB bandwidth. A 300-m wireless link is demonstrated with a record-setting data rate of 8–12 Gb/s over all scan angles using two 64-element TRX arrays and 16-/64-QAM waveforms.
The Beats: A Literary History

Kerouac. Ginsberg. Burroughs. These are the most famous names of the Beat Generation, but in fact they were only the front line of a much more wide-ranging literary and cultural movement. This critical history takes readers through key works by these authors, but also radiates out to discuss dozens more writers and their works, showing how they all contributed to one of the most far-reaching literary movements of the post-World War II era. Moving from the early 1940s to the late 1960s, this book explores key aesthetic and thematic innovations of the Beat writers, the pervasiveness of the Beatnik caricature, the role of the counterculture in the post-war era, the involvement of women in the Beat project, and the changing face of Beat political engagement during the Vietnam War era.
Subunit and subtype-specific antibodies to the GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor complex.

The GABA-A/benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor complex consists of a chloride channel which is gated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. A number of therapeutically important drugs, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and steroid anesthetics interact with the receptor complex and alloste-rically modulate the receptor (Olsen et al., 1988).
“Me, the street, and a backpack”: employment, income, and physical capital in rural recovery

Recovery capital is a framework for understanding individuals’ resources for recovery from substance misuse. In a qualitative analysis of rural individuals in recovery (N = 49), the role of physica...
Infection in Elderly Burn Patients: What Do We Know?

Background: Infection is the greatest cause of mortality in burn patients. As our population ages, the need to care for elderly burn patients will increase, and with it our understanding of how infection affects older patients with burn injuries. This article presents a review of the available literature on the effect of aging on the physiologic response to burns, of the known effects of infection in the elder population, and of the contribution of underlying medical comorbidities to the outcomes for the elderly burn patient. The potential for more serious outcomes from multi-drug resistance in the elder population is also discussed. Methods: This article is a review of the available literature on infection in elderly burn patients. A literature search was performed for key words: elderly; geriatric; burn; infection; comorbidity; multi-drug resistance; central line; urinary tract infection; and burn sepsis. Relevant findings were included in each section. Results: Pre-existing conditions are common in the elderly and contribute to a higher rate of development of pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, central line infections, and burn wound infections. Specific data pertaining to infections in the elderly burn population are scarce or confined to single-center reports. Conclusions: Because of the inherent susceptibility of the elder population to infection because of pre-existing medical conditions, immunosenescence, and potential exposure via frequent interaction with the medical system, vigilance must be maintained for preventing and treating infection in elderly burn patients. More research is needed to define the risks and extent of this increasingly important issue.
Dynamics of Green and Blue Water Supply Stress Index Across Major Global Cropland Basins

Global food and water security could be serious problems in the upcoming decades with growing demands from the increasing global population and more frequent impacts of climatic extremes. As the available water resources are diminishing and facing continuous stress, it is crucial to monitor water demand and water availability to understand the associated water stresses. This study assessed the water stress by applying the water supply stress index (WaSSI) in relation to green (WaSSIG) and blue (WaSSIB) water resources across six major cropland basins including Mississippi (North America), San Francisco (South America), Nile (Africa), Danube (Europe), Ganges-Brahmaputra (Asia), and Murray-Darling (Australia) for the past 17-years (2003-2019). The WaSSIG and WaSSIB results indicated that the Murray-Darling Basin experienced the most severe green and blue water stresses and the Mississippi Basin had the least. All basins had both green and blue water stresses for at least 35% (6 out of 17 years) of the study period. The interannual variations in green water stress were driven by both crop water demand and green water supply, whereas the blue water stress variations were primarily driven by blue water supply. The WaSSIG and WaSSIB indices provided a better understanding of water stress (blue or green) and their drivers (demand or supply driven) across cropland basins. This information can be useful for basin-specific resource mobilization and interventions to ensure food and water security.
Multimodality, multidimensional spatial frequency modulation imaging

Multidimensional, multicontrast, spatial frequency modulation imaging with built-in femtosecond pulse characterization and dispersion compensation is presented. We present wavelength domain imaging which produces one-dimensional imaging with single element detection, and a multiplexed spatial and wavelength domain system that produces two-dimensional images and is compatible with single element detection imaging.
AI Planner Assisted Test Generation

This paper describes an AI planner assisted approach to generate test cases for system testing based on high level test objectives. We use four levels of test generation: the metaprocessor, the preprocessor, the AI planner, and the postprocessor levels. Test generation is based on an extended UML model of the system under test and a mapping of high-level test objectives into initial and goal conditions of the planner. Test objectives are derived from a series of interviews with professional testers. We suggest various options for test criteria related to test objectives. The AI planner was used to generate hundreds of test cases for a robot controlled tape silo. The planner generated tests within a reasonable time. It was successful for each test objective given.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SOC8-1 gene and its relationship to a nucleotide kinase.

Abstract The yeast SOC8-1 gene was originally identified by partial complementation of cdc8 mutant strains. We have carried out Bal31 deletion analysis of the SOC8-1 gene to define the minimal size which is required for the complementation of the cdc8 mutation. When the SOC8-1 gene is cloned in a multicopy plasmid, it enables temperature-resistant growth in the cdc8 mutant strain, while the SOC8-1 gene in a single copy plasmid does not. Thus, its suppression of the cdc8 mutant is dosage dependent. The high copy number vector carrying the SOC8-1 gene can complement five different cdc8 alleles, indicating that the suppression is not allele specific. Since CDC8 encodes thymidylate kinase, cells bearing a high copy number plasmid containing SOC8-1 gene were tested for the ability to phosphorylate several nucleoside monophosphates, including UMP, GMP and dTMP. Significantly increased phosphorylation activity was observed, suggesting that SOC8-1 encodes a nucleotide kinase. Both restriction enzyme analysis of the SOC8-1 gene and partial purification of the overproduced kinase in SOC8-1 overproducing strains suggest that SOC8-1 may be allelic with URA6. Consistent with these results, both SOC8-1 and URA6 are located on chromosome XI. Thus, one possible suppression mechanism is that SOC8-1 may provide a trans-acting dTMP kinase activity, bypassing the cdc8 gene defect.
Shakespeare and Impure Aesthetics

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: impure aesthetics Part I. A Shakespearean Aesthetic: Into the Woods outside Athens: 2. A Midsummer Night's Dream - eros and the aesthetic 3. Modernity, usury, and art in Timon of Athens Part II. The Aesthetics of Death and Mourning: 4. Hamlet as mourning play 5. Beautiful death in Romeo and Juliet Conclusion: the critical present Bibliography Index.
Robust Two-View External Calibration by Combining Lines and Scale Invariant Point Features

In this paper we present a new approach for automatic external calibration for two camera views under general motion based on both line and point features. Detected lines are classified into two classes: either vertical or horizontal. We make use of these lines extensively to determine the camera pose. First, the rotation is estimated directly from line features using a novel algorithm. Then normalized point features are used to compute the translation based on epipolar constraint. Compared with point-feature-based approaches, the proposed method can handle well images with little texture. Also, our method bypasses sophisticated post-processing stage that is typically employed by other line-feature-based approaches. Experiments show that, although our approach is simple to implement, the performance is reliable in practice.
Cannabis Sativa L. (Marijuana). 3. The RIM test: a reliable and useful procedure for the detection and identification of marijuana utilizing combined microscopy and thin-layer chromatography.

Abstract A simple, reliable and easily performed method for detecting and identifying marijuana in suspect material is presented. The method, designated as the RIM test (Rutgers Identification for Marijuana test), utilizes combined histochemical and thin-layer chromatography techniques and thus eliminates the need for a separate extraction step to obtain a suitable sample for thin-layer chromatographic study.
FRACTURE MECHANICS AND FATIGUE: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

It was just 40 years ago that some of us became aware that the methods of Irwin’s ‘Fracture Mechanics’ could be applied to fatigue crack growth. After the first 10 years of establishing that approach, many things were known which impact this Symposium’s theme of prediction of structural life. In the subsequent 30 years to the present, the Fracture Mechanics approach applied to life prediction has often been misused, or has ignored obvious characteristics which effect the precision and relevance of the predictions. This paper will emphasize some of these areas for improvements, which have been too often overlooked in practical applications. Some of the overlooked areas are: (1) the misuse of crack propagation laws in life prediction; (2) the modelling of crack shape effects in life calculations; (3) the neglect of significant statistical effects and considerations for particular applications. In conclusion, it is argued that life prediction methodology should be tailored to the application, rather than vice versa, which has all too often been the case. Keywords—Crack growth; Fatigue; Fracture mechanics; Life prediction; Load interaction; Statistical effects.
Public-key encryption in a multi-user setting: security proofs and improvements

This paper addresses the security of public-key cryptosystems in a "multi-user" setting, namely in the presence of attacks involving the encryption of related messages under different public keys, as exemplified by Hastad's classical attacks on RSA. We prove that security in the single-user setting implies security in the multi-user setting as long as the former is interpreted in the strong sense of "indistinguishability," thereby pin-pointing many schemes guaranteed to be secure against Hastad-type attacks. We then highlight the importance, in practice, of considering and improving the concrete security of the general reduction, and present such improvements for two Diffie-Hellman based schemes, namely El Gamal and Cramer-Shoup.
Preservation Decision-Making Basics

Preservation decisions, whether to fix, film, replace, defer, or weed, are resource allocation decisions. Collection development librarians should be involved because the decision to retain is as important as the decision to purchase. Decisions about what should be preserved in academic libraries should be made by materials selectors, preservation librarians who base their techniques on work done by materials preservation scientists, and the faculty. Not only should brittle or structurally unsound materials identified by library users be preserved but collection development librarians should also incorporate systematic condition evaluations into their collection development/assessment programs. What items merit the expenditure of funds should be based upon a systematic examination of the suitability and cost of conservation treatments or the availability, suitability and cost of variant printings, editions, or formats.
Structural Concepts and Materials for Lunar Exploration Habitats

A new project within the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate s Technology Development Program at NASA involves development of lightweight structures and low temperature mechanisms for Lunar and Mars missions. The Structures and Mechanisms project is to develop advanced structure technology for the primary structure of various pressurized elements needed to implement the Vision for Space Exploration. The goals are to significantly enhance structural systems for man-rated pressurized structures by 1) lowering mass and/or improving efficient volume for reduced launch costs, 2) improving performance to reduce risk and extend life, and 3) improving manufacturing and processing to reduce costs. The targeted application of the technology is to provide for the primary structure of the pressurized elements of the lunar lander for both sortie and outpost missions, and surface habitats for the outpost missions. The paper presents concepts for habitats that support six month (and longer) lunar outpost missions. Both rigid and flexible habitat wall systems are discussed. The challenges of achieving a multi-functional habitat that provides micro-meteoroid, radiation, and thermal protection for explorers are identified.
The Dynamics of Women's Representation in the Canadian Provinces: 1975–1994

This article presents evidence concerning women's representation in Canada's provincial legislative assemblies over a 20-year period (1975–1994). Data from 3,755 elections and over 11,000 candidates are analyzed to inspect trends in representation. The authors find there has been a gradual increase in both female candidates and legislators. The New Democratic party has clearly been the leader in putting women on the ballot and into legislatures at the provincial level. In addition, hypotheses are tested to see if there are differences across provinces in parties' willingness to nominate and elect women, and whether women are more likely to be nominated primarily in districts where a party does not expect to win. The study finds that the Atlantic provinces lagged behind the rest of Canada as representation increased markedly everywhere else in the late 1980s and the 1990s. There is also evidence that the major parties nominated female challengers in ridings that were inferior to the ridings where the party's male challengers ran in the mid- to late-1970s. By the mid-1980s, however, evidence that women were treated as sacrificial lambs had disappeared.
Polymicrobial sepsis is associated with decreased hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and an altered metabolic profile

Background Organ failure in sepsis accounts for significant mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial and metabolic responses are central to the overall response of the cell, and thus of the organ and organism. Adaptive responses in metabolism are critical to the recovery at the cellular level. The purpose of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that sepsis is associated with decreased aerobic respiration and significant metabolic changes in the liver.
Dilution in single pass arc welds

A study was conducted on dilution of single pass arc welds of type 308 stainless steel filler metal deposited onto A36 carbon steel by the plasma arc welding (PAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and submerged are welding (SAW) processes. Knowledge of the arc and melting efficiency was used in a simple energy balance to develop an expression for dilution as a function of welding variables and thermophysical properties of the filler metal and substrate. Comparison of calculated and experimentally determined dilution values shows the approach provides reasonable predictions of dilution when the melting efficiency can be accurately predicted. The conditions under which such accuracy is obtained are discussed. A diagram is developed from the dilution equation which readily reveals the effect of processing parameters on dilution to aid in parameter optimization.
Gonadotropin stimulated protein phosphorylation in porcine granulosa cells

Abstract Treatment of granulosa cells with luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulated the phosphorylation of a 58,000 molecular weight protein found in the 900 × g pellet. The phosphorylation of this protein was rapid, being significant at 1 min. LH treatment for 30 min induced greater phosphorylation of this protein than did FSH. LH and FSH also appeared to stimulate the phosphorylation of different 900 × g pellet proteins. Since both are known to utilize cAMP as a second messenger, the finding of these unique gonadotropin-induced phosphorylations may point to an additional regulatory mechanism.
Analysis Of Low-Level Computer Vision Algorithms For Implementation On A Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Processor Array

In a recent paper [Lowry 81], we described an architecture for a computer vision rectangular processor array that is suitable for VLSI implementation. In this paper we will review that architecture and discuss extensions to it and present results of an array simulator applied to vision algorithms. We will also present an algorithm for re-routing an array with bad processors into a working subset of the array, making it feasible to implement a large array on one wafer-sized chip.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Double-moment Kirkpatrick-Baez condensing mirrors: In situ alignment

Abstract We present a practical procedure for the alignment of bent Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors on the microscopy beamline MAXIMUM. By using a combination of mapping of the condenser-pair image, beam aperturing and phosphor imaging, we have achieved a good illumination of the microscope limited only by waviness in the glass substrates.
Theoretical biology: A statement and defense

There is currently, in the science of biology, a controversy concerning the status of theoretical biology. This controversy takes the form of several different but related attacks on the fruitfulness - or even the possibility - of theoretical biology as a legitimate scientific activity. We take the following to be a proper characterization of theoretical biology: the application of propositions, techniques, and procedures from mathe matics and symbolic logic to biological phenomena at all levels (i.e., sub cellular, cellular, tissue, organ, organismal behavior, organismal group behavior, and evolution). We assume that this characterization of theo retical biology (hereafter referred to as TB) is uncontroversial and would be acceptable to disputants on both sides of the controversy. It should be noted that this conception of TB is not committed to any single view concerning either the reduction of biology to physics and chemistry or the nature of ultimate biological laws and explanations. That is, we wish to remain neutral with respect to questions about what the science of biology will eventually look like. Our account is compatible with a number of alternative views, including both the possibility of reductionism and the possibility of irreducible biological laws and theories. Moreover, at least at present, TB is unstructured, as compared with modern chemistry and physics. The conception of TB under discussion incorporates a number of different sorts of mathematical approaches to biological phenomena. Consequently, there is no specific and unique structure which characterizes the various approaches employed by theoretical biologists. In the account that follows, we shall attempt to defend the enterprise of theoretical biology against several lines of attack. Three representative objections to theoretical biology can be stated as follows:
Residue-Specific Structural Kinetics of Proteins through the Union of Isotope Labeling, Mid-IR Pulse Shaping, and Coherent 2D IR Spectroscopy

We describe a methodology for studying protein kinetics using a rapid-scan technology for collecting 2D IR spectra. In conjunction with isotope labeling, 2D IR spectroscopy is able to probe the secondary structure and environment of individual residues in polypeptides and proteins. It is particularly useful for membrane and aggregate proteins. Our rapid-scan technology relies on a mid-IR pulse shaper that computer generates the pulse shapes, much like in an NMR spectrometer. With this device, data collection is faster, easier, and more accurate. We describe our 2D IR spectrometer, as well as protocols for (13)C(18)O isotope labeling, and then illustrate the technique with an application to the aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide implicated in type 2 diabetes.
Some evolutionary consequences of the molecular recombination process

Abstract Post-meiotic segregation, gene conversion and intragenic recombination are all facets of the molecular recombination process. These processes act on pre-existing genetic variability to distort transmission patterns, to alter allele frequencies, and to generate new alleles. It is now realized that such processes have important consequences for population and evolutionary genetics.
Agglutinating efficiency and combining capacity of Shigella and Vibrio antisera from rabbits at different stages of immunization.

Studies of the relative combining capacities of different antisera to Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri were carried out using the Talmage test. In this test the absorption of an I131 labelled antibody preparation by antigen is blocked by the addition of unlabelled unknown serum. Sera from rabbits in the early stages of immunization ("early antisera") had a high agglutinin titer, but low combining capacity. Sera from hyperimmune rabbits ("late antisera") had higher combining capacities than early antisera, but similar or lower agglutinin titers. More antigen was needed to absorb the agglutinins from late antisera than from early ones of the same agglutinin titer, indicating that late antisera contained relatively more antibody. At high concentrations, sera from hyperimmune rabbits agglutinated the homologous antigen more rapidly than did early antisera, even though early sera had similar or higher agglutinin titers. Sera drawn after the anamnestic response to bacterial antigen had the characteristics of late sera; i.e., their combining capacities were high. The possible significance of these findings for the in vitro estimation of protective antibody is discussed.
Analysis of gasoline in water using a stripping preconcentration procedure.

Gasoline, which is widely produced, transported and consumed in our society creates a high potential for environmental contamination to water supplies. The sources of the gasoline pollution are typically from leakage of old underground storage tanks, losses in transit and during product usage. Monitoring for gasoline contamination in drinking water wells requires an analysis procedure capable of detecting parts per billion (ppb) levels of gasoline in water. A number of solvent extraction and stripping preconcentration procedures are reported in the literature. Traditional solvent extraction procedures for hydrocarbons in fuels are good for identification. However, in solvent extraction procedures only an aliquot of the total concentrate is injected into and analyzed by gas chromatography. Low ppb detection limits may not be achieved with small water sample volumes. Stripping-thermal desorption procedures offer the highest possible concentration factor since the total volatile contaminant in a water sample is collected, desorbed, and analyzed. This study was conducted to determine the applicability of using a stripping preconcentration procedure to measure low levels of gasoline in water.