cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influences of online store perception, shopping enjoyment, and shopping involvement on consumer patronage behavior towards an online retailer☆

Abstract Online apparel retailers have adopted various types of image interactivity technology (IIT), such as close-up pictures or zoom-in functions, mix-and-match functions, and 3D virtual models to enhance consumers’ online shopping experience. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of level of IIT on consumer perception of online retail environment, shopping enjoyment, shopping involvement, a desire to stay, and patronage intention. Significant structural relationships between these research variables were found, supporting a pleasure-oriented conceptual model of consumer patronage behavior in the online retailing environment. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Architectural partitioning for system level synthesis of integrated circuits

APARTY is an architectural partitioning tool that uses a novel multistage clustering algorithm to extract the high level structure of an IC design by concentrating on area and interconnect considerations. Performance is addressed implicitly. APARTY works within the framework of the system architect's workbench and can pass system-level structural information along to register-transfer level (RTL) tools to guide the completion of a data-path design. The multistage clustering algorithm and how it is used by APARTY to choose partitions are described. The system architect's workbench and how architectural partitioning can be used to guide synthesis are also described. Results of using APARTY in the design process show improved register-transfer designs. In particular, the number of global routing wires is generally reduced by over 50% by following the partitioning scheme suggested by APARTY. >
Differential expression of DNA polymerase α in normal and transformed human fibroblasts

Abstract The expression of DNA polymerase α (pol α) was studied in human fibroblast lines WI38 (fetal lung) and GM3529 (skin, established from a 66 yr old donor), and their Simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (TAg)-transformed corollaries, 2RA and 2-1 respectively. Both SV40-transformed and pSV3.neo (SV40-derived plasmid)-transformed cells express TAg, a virally encoded protein not expressed by the normal parent cell lines. Northern blot hybridization studies showed increased recovery of pol α mRNA from transformed cells compared with normal cells. This increase was correlated with increased pol α mRNA transcription as determined by nuclear run-on assays. Northern blot analyses also showed an increase in the instability of translationally active pol α mRNA in transformed cells. The results suggest that TAg, in addition to its dsDNA binding, pol α binding, retinoblastoma protein binding and helicase activities, may be involved either directly or indirectly in regulation of the steady state mRNA levels of pol α at the transcriptional level in both fetal and aged donor-derived transformed fibroblasts.
Augmenting Web-Based Instruction with Satellite Video A Case Study

The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the Northern Arizona University (NAU) pilot program for delivering training and continuing-education programs to students at homes and hospitality establishments using a combination of Internet and satellite technologies. The NAU School of Hotel and Restaurant Management (SHRM) launched the pilot program in the spring of 2000 to one hotel and three homes. This investigation used a multiple-case design. The results indicate that Web-based instruction is enhanced when it is augmented with delayed satellite broadcasts of instructor-led sessions.
A structural model for gas—solid reactions with a moving boundary—V an experimental study of the reduction of porous nickel-oxide pellets with hydrogen

Abstract Experimental results are reported on the reduction of porous nickel-oxide pellets with hydrogen within the temperature range 224–412°C. The experimental data were interpreted using a previously published model for gas—solid reactions. The measurements taken with small specimens provided information on the intrinsic kinetic parameters and on the shape of the solid grains, whereas the data taken using large specimens allowed the authors to determine the diffusional parameters of the system. The kinetic and the diffusional parameters obtained in the two asymptotic regims were used to predict the behavior of the system in the intermediate region.
Crack layer analysis of fatigue crack propagation in ABS polymer

Differences in damage formation during fatigue crack propagation in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer, between tests both fulfilling and not fulfilling linear elastic fracture mechanics requirements, were related to differences in crack propagation behaviour through the crack layer (CL theory. At both test conditions, damage consisted of crazing and shear yielding of the matrix, as well as elongation of rubbery domains. For a given crack length, the lower load level showed a higher intensity of craze damage. CL analysis showed that the process-dependent dissipation coefficient, β, is inversely proportional to the lifetime. Further, despite drastic differences in the amounts of each damage species, both tests were estimated to have the same specific enthalpy of damage (γ*=105 cal g−1), a material constant that is a measure of the intrinsic resistance to damage formation at the crack tip.
Navajo peyote use: its apparent safety.

An American Indian religion uses significant quantities of peyote, a hallucinogenic plant containing mescaline. Since there have been many reports of serious emotional disturbance caused by similar drugs, the rate of such illness in this population was investigated. The rate was found to be very low, probably because the feelings evoked by the drug experience are channeled by church belief and practice into ego-strengthening directions and there are built-in safeguards against bad reactions.
Simultaneous fixation and decalcification protocol for bone specimens

Routine method of decalcification involves fixation of bony fragments overnight in 10% buffered formalin, followed by decalcification in an acid decalcifying agent comprising 5% nitric acid for soft bones and 10% nitric acid for hard bones. After rinsing under running water, the fragments are processed in a tissue processor using a routine standard protocol that would normally take over 3 days turnaround time. A total of 15 300 unfixed bone specimens, received in our laboratory between 2005 and 2009, were processed by a modified method incorporating simultaneous fixation and decalcification. Specifically, soft bones were placed in 5% formol nitric acid and hard bones were placed in 10% formol nitric acid to achieve fixation and decalcification. Very sclerotic hard bone or large bone fragments were placed in 10% nitric acid and additionally subjected to heat at 37°C in an incubator for 5–6 hours. After achieving satisfactory decalcification, the fragments were subsequently processed using a tissue processo...
Progress Report on BPA HV DC Test Line Radio Noise and Corona Loss

Power transmission of high-voltage direct current (HV dc) by overhead lines presents a new concept with which the industry has had little experience. Radio noise and corona loss values were recorded on a full-scale test line and statistically analyzed in relation to prevailing weather conditions. Comparison was made to radio noise readings taken on a nearby ac line. Results cover the analysis of approximately six months' data.
Modelling composite document behaviour with concurrent hierarchical state machines

This paper addresses the need for a modular approach to document composition and life-cycle, enabling mixed content to be used and re-used within documents. Each content item may bring with it its own workflow. Documents are conventionally considered to be the passive subjects of workflow, but when a document presents a complex mix of components it becomes harder for a centralized workflow to cater for this variety of needs. Our solution is to apply object-oriented concepts to documents, expressing process definitions alongside the content they apply to. We are interested in describing document life-cycles, and use Finite State Machines to describe the way that the individual components of a document change over time. A framework for composing these functional document components must first consider their hierarchical nesting for which we use Hierarchical State Machines. Furthermore, to accommodate the composition of independent sibling components under a common parent we use Concurrent Hierarchical State Machines. This theoretical framework provides practical guidelines for modelling composite document behaviour.
Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. III. Effects of absence or presence of fatty vehicle

Three separate experiments show that cholesterol administered to rabbits in the absence of added fat is more atherogenic than cholesterol fed together with corn oil. When cholesterol is dissolved in the corn oil (by heating) prior to mixing with the diet, it is more atherogenic than when it is suspended in the oil. In every case the lowest serum and liver cholesterol levels were observed in the group not receiving corn oil.
Adaptive velocity field control of a wheeled mobile robot

The position control problem of wheeled mobile robots (WMR's) has been a heavily researched area due to both the challenging theoretical nature of the problem (i.e., an underactuated nonlinear system under nonholonomic constraints) and its practical importance. Rather than construct a control problem where the mobile robot is required to track an a priori known desired trajectory, this paper formulates a velocity field tracking control problem. Specifically, a velocity field is developed for the constrained WMR trajectory, and a differentiable controller is formulated to prove global asymptotic velocity field tracking. Motivated by the desire to improve the robustness of the system, the developed differentiable kinematic controller is embedded inside of an adaptive controller that fosters global asymptotic tracking despite parametric uncertainty associated with the dynamic model.
REDUCE as a lisp benchmark

A number of different machine architectures and Lisp systems are compared through execution times of the REDUCE test program. The results show a reasonable correlation between manufacturers' claims of processor performance and the collected execution times.
Generation and characterization of Mn(CO)3L2 (L2=R2PC2H4PR2; R=Et, Ph) and its use in the generation of organic radicals

Abstract Irradiation of Mn2(CO)10 with the bidentate phosphine 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane (depe) rapidly yields [Mn(CO)3depe]2 and Mn(CO)3depe. The two species are in equilibrium in solution, with the dimer present in larger amounts: [Mn(CO)3depe]2 2Mn(CO)3depe. The formation of Mn(CO)3depe proceeds much more readily than the formation of Mn(CO)3L2 (L = monodentate phosphine complexes). In addition, no side-products are formed as is the case with the monodentate ligands. The ease with which Mn(CO)3depe can be generated makes it a convenient reagent for the synthesis of organic radicals because the complex abstracts halogen atoms from alkyl and aryl halides: Mn(CO)3depe + RX → Mn(CO)3(depe)X + P
In vacuo crushing experiments and K-feldspar thermochronometry

Using in c, acuo crushing methods, both C1- and K-correlated components of trapped 4°At have recently been identified in hypersolvus alkali feldspar and K-feldspar-bearing 'chert' and stromatolite samples. If these components re-emerge during the late stages of thermal degassing, interpretation of 4°Ar/39Ar age spectra could be complicated. We have extended these observations by performing similar measurements on a well-characterized low-temperature K-feldspar, MH-10. A plot of 4°Ar*/K against CI/K confirms the presence of a chlorine-related excess argon component from sites accessible by crushing MH-10, although it amounts to only 0.078% of the total potassium-derived 39Ar from this sample. No potassiumcorrelated component of excess argon could be clearly identified. Surprisingly, isothermal duplicate heating steps reveal a Cl-correlated component (4°ArE/Cl = 2.7 _+ 0.2 X 10 -4) that appears to be related to the modification of very small (< 1 /xm) inclusions. This method appears to provide a basis with which to correct for the excess argon that is commonly observed during the initial stages of step heating of K-feldspars. The product of the 4°ArE/CI and the C1/K (determined for each step via the 3SAr/39Ar ratio) yields an "excess age" that is simply subtracted from the measured 4°Ar*/4°K to yield an age corrected for the presence of excess argon. Crushing appears to produce an artifact that seriously affects the step heating age spectrum but does shed light on possible complexities in the internal distributions of 4°Ar and 39At. On balance, we find that any adverse consequences arising from these effects on interpreting the 4°Ar/39Ar results in terms of thermochronomettic models are exceedingly small.
Legitimacy, coercion, and scope: An expansion path analysis applied to five central American countries and Cuba

In an earlier paper, Cuzan presented a micropolitical model on the relationships between the legitimacy of government, the scope of government, and the level of coercion administered by government to implement its commands; the model was successfully applied to 1974 data from Ave Central American countries. This paper takes Cuzan's original model as its point of departure. It deals with the implementation of decisions in societal systems. It argues that the structure of Cuzan's construction is essentially the same as that of a two-dimensional production function of the type used in micro- and engineering economics. This permits the incorporation of expansion path analysis that is familiar to these disciplines into the political model. Longitudinal data for the same five Central American countries and an historical analysis of the Cuban revolution are used to evaluate the theory empirically, with encouraging results.
Trainers of School Psychologists and Council of Directors of School Psychology Programs: A New Chapter in the History of School Psychology.

Abstract Paralleling and supporting the development of school psychology has been the establishment of professional structures that provide the resources, training, means of communication, encouragement, and direction necessary to the maturation of the field. In the area of education and training, these functions have been provided by the Trainers of School Psychologists and the Council of Directors of School Psychology Programs. In this article, the history of these organizations is reviewed, and a critical assessment of their impact on the field is presented. It is concluded that, as the diversity and specialization within school psychology continues to increase, these organizations may be even more important, as the main vantage point from which to maintain a sense of coherence in the education and training enterprise.
Experimental exsolution textures in the system bornite-chalcopyrite: Genetic implications concerning natural ores

Textural interpretation of ore-mineral assemblages, such as bornite-chalcopyrite (bn-cpy) intergrowths, should be based on definite experimentation. Appropriate exsolution and coarsening experiments were performed using sealed, evacuated, silicaglass tubes; synthetic bn-cpy solid solutions were annealed between 100° and 350°C for times of 20 min to 10 weeks. Early-formed textures develop through nucleation and growth and depend on the initial degree of supersaturation and the metal diffusivities. Final textures, due to additional growth and coarsening, are very sensitive to temperature and may serve as geothermometers. Mutual boundary textures which form above 250°C can originate by: (1) simultaneous precipitation; (2) exsolution during slow cooling from above the solvus; and (3) metamorphism to temperatures above about 250°C. Widmanstatten textures are not compatible with slow cooling, but indicate: (1) low-temperature replacement of bn; or (2) exsolution of cpy lamellae from anomalous bn heated to around 200°–250°C during mild metamorphism.
An Experimental Approach to Surgery of the Equine Fetlock and its Associated Structures

An illustrated approach to the medial aspect of the equine fetlock joint is described, whereby the collateral ligaments are transected. This approach is suggested as a possible technique for metatarsal or metacarpal bone fracture repair by retrograde pinning, arthrodesis of the fetlock joint and other joint and sesamoid bone surgery. The histological evidence of satisfactory healing is presented and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Comparison of Measurements of Waves from a Boat with Model Tank Results

Introduction T paper reports on recent results comparing wave measurements on a 13-ft full-scale boat, tested off the Webb beach in 1970 and 1972, with model tests on !4 and !/s scale models in the Webb Model Tank in 1974. Wave resistance and wave spectra were derived from wave height data along a longitudinal cut as described in Ref. 1 and compared. Results of a previous attempt at such a comparison, using model tests run in 1970 on a 14 scale model made from designers' lines, had shown a large difference; for that reason a new V* scale model, based on faired lines taken off the actual boat, was constructed and run in the model tank. In addition, it was thought that the finite tank breadth might have been an important factor in causing the aforementioned discrepancy, and for that reason a !/s scale model was made and run in the model tank to test that hypothesis. Care was also taken in the 1974 tests to match the speed, displacement, and running trim of the model more exactly to those in the 1972 offshore tests. Comparison of the 1970 offshore and model tests, as reported in Ref. 2, might be called "Phase I" of this effort, and comparison of the 1972 offshore tests with the 1974 model tests "Phase II." It will be seen that Phase II produced as good a comparison as Phase I did a bad one, for reasons to be discussed. It should be noted that one purpose of the foregoing research, other than the attempted correlation itself, was to get into the business of running tests of this nature offshore, and to discover the special difficulties and problems involved with the eventual goal of running such tests on a full-scale ship.
Memory for target height is scaled to observer height.

According to the embodied approach to visual perception, individuals scale the environment to their bodies. This approach highlights the central role of the body for immediate, situated action. The present experiments addressed whether body scaling—specifically, eye-height scaling—occurs in memory when action is not immediate. Participants viewed standard targets that were either the same height as, taller than, or shorter than themselves. Participants then viewed a comparison target and judged whether the comparison was taller or shorter than the standard target. Participants were most accurate when the standard target height matched their own heights, taking into account postural changes. Participants were biased to underestimate standard target height, in general, and to push standard target height away from their own heights. These results are consistent with the literature on eye-height scaling in visual perception and suggest that body scaling is not only a useful metric for perception and action, but is also preserved in memory.
Role of myelin-associated neuraminidase in the ganglioside metabolism of rat brain myelin.

: The role of myelin-associated neuraminidase in ganglioside metabolism was examined using rats of ages ranging from 17 to 97 days. The neuraminidase activity directed toward the ganglioside GM3 in the total myelin fraction was high during the period of active myelination and, thereafter, decreased rapidly to the adult level. The ganglioside composition became simpler during development with an increasing amount of GM1 and decreasing percentages of di-and polysialogangliosides. The decrease in the proportion of GD1a was most prominent, whereas relative amounts of GD1b and GT1b increased transiently before reducing to the adult levels. The heavy myelin subfraction contained higher percentages of di-and polysialo-species compared to the light myelin fraction at young and adult ages. The in vitro incubation of myelin of young rats under an optimal condition for neuraminidase action produced a profile of ganglioside changes similar to that observed in in vivo development. These results strongly suggest that myelin-associated neuraminidase may play a pivotal role in the developmental changes in the ganglioside composition of rat brain myelin.
System limitations due to channel cross-coupling in a highly parallel polymer-based single-mode channel waveguide array

Interconnection length and packaging density are important parameters in channel-waveguide- based photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, a multiple channel crosstalk model is developed and then applied, together with experimental results, to study the minimum channel separation and maximum channel length in a highly parallel single-mode channel waveguide array (SMCWA). Further investigation of the tradeoff between channel packaging density and interconnection length due to channel cross-coupling indicates that, in order to obtain a desirable interconnection length, it is often necessary to separate the waveguides in the array on the order of several (3 to approximately 7) channel dimensions.
THE FLUORIDATION OF PUBLIC MATER SUPPLIES STATEMENT OF RECOMENDED POLICY

A statement approved “by the Board of Directors on May 29, 1949, and presented on'June 1, 1949, at the annual Conference, Chicago,” by, A P. Black, Chairman, Special Committee on A. W. W. A. Policy re Fluoridation of public Water Supplies.
Pushbroom microwave radiometer results from HAPEX-MOBILHY

Abstract The NASA C-130 remote sensing aircraft was in Toulouse, France from 25 May through 4 July 1986, for participation in the HAPEX-MOBILHY program. Spectral and radiometric data were collected by C-130 borne sensors in the visible, infrared, and microwave wavelengths. These data provided information on the spatial and temporal variations of surface parameters such as vegetation indices, surface temperature, and surface soil moisture. The Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) was used to collect passive microwave brightness temperature data. This four-beam sensor operates at the 21-cm wavelength, providing cross-track coverage approximately 1.2 times the aircraft altitude. Observed brightness temperatures for the period were high, ranging from above 240 K about 290 K. Brightness temperature images appeared to correspond well to spatial and temporal soil moisture variation. Previous research has demonstrated that an approximately linear relationship exists between the surface emissivity and surface soil moisture. For these data, however, regression analysis did not indicate a strong linear relationship (r2=0.32 and r2=0.42 respectively) because of the limited range of soil moisture conditions encountered and the small number of ground measurements. When results from wetter soil conditions encountered in another experiment were included, the regression improved dramatically. Based on similar research with the PBMR and an understanding of the ground data collection program, this result was examined to produce recommendations for improvements to future passive microwave research and data collection programs. Examples of surface soil moisture maps generated with PBMR data are presented which appear to be representative of the actual soil moisture conditions.
An increase in cAMP concentration in mouse hippocampal slices exposed to low-frequency and pulsed magnetic fields.

Abstract Our previous studies revealed that magnetic fields amplified evoked potentials recorded from mouse hippocampal slices. In search for the mechanism of this effect, we evaluated the concentration of cAMP in slices exposed to low-frequency and pulsed magnetic fields. Low-frequency magnetic fields of 15 mT applied at 0.16 Hz for 30 min enhanced the concentration of cAMP almost three-fold. The concentration of cAMP continued to rise through the first hour after turning magnetic fields off, reaching almost a four-fold increase, and then returned to control levels at the end of the second hour. Neither static magnetic fields nor magnetic fields applied with the frequency of 0.5 Hz had any effect on cAMP concentration. The increase in cAMP levels was dependent on the strength of the magnetic field and required the presence of extracellular calcium. A pulsed magnetic field applied with variable intensity (9–15 mT) and in cycles lasting from 5 to 20 min doubled the cAMP concentration. These results support our previous electrophysiological observations and provide biochemical correlates for their interpretation.
Nanostructured Sexithiophene/Clay Hybrid Mutilayers: A Comparative Structural and Morphological Characterization

Ultrathin films prepared from inorganic and organic materials are of increasing interest as hybrid nanocomposite materials. We have investigated for the first time the formation of nanostructured ultrathin films of montmorillonite clay (MONT) and a bicationic sexithiophene derivative (6TN) using the layer-by-layer self-assembly approach. The main goal is to investigate the structure and layer ordering of these films suitable for future applications in organic semiconductor devices. We have compared the structure and morphology of 6TN/MONT multilayer thin films prepared from pure water and 0.1 M NaCl systems. The 6TN amphiphile showed unique aggregation behavior both in solution and on the surface, which changes with the presence of salts and a THF cosolvent. On clay surfaces, the 6TN aggregates deposited from saline solutions have a more uniform size distribution and surface coverage than that from a pure water system. This was verified by UV−vis spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microsco...
Relevance of bleeding pattern on clinical appearance and outcome in patients with hemorrhagic brain arteriovenous malformations.

article Although several descriptions of the angioarchitectural features of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) associated with higher hemorrhagic risk have been reported, the prognostic value of the different bleeding pat- terns still needs to be elucidated. This study evaluated the influence on clinical appearance and outcome of the parenchymal and non- parenchymal (subarachnoid hemorrhage—SAH—and intraventricular hemorrhage—IVH) bleedings associated with ruptured AVMs. Clinical records and neuroradiological examinations of 30 patients with hemorrhagic AVMs were reviewed in order to identify their angioarchitectural features and the associated bleeding pattern. These data along with demographic characteristics and treatment modality were dichotomized and their relationship with clinical status at admission and follow-up was tested. IVH as well as parenchymal hematomas larger than 20 cm 3 appeared associated with a severe clinical status at admission, whereas SAH involving basal cisterns was significantly associated with unfavorable outcome. Age, sex and angioarchitectural features did not show significant association with the severity of the prognosis. However, none of these bleeding patterns appeared as an independent risk factor of poor outcome at multi- variate analysis. In conclusion, our data emphasized the possibility that non-parenchymal bleeding may worsen the outcome of patients with hemorrhagic AVMs.
Chronic gestational cocaine treatment decreases oxytocin levels in the medial preoptic area, ventral tegmental area and hippocampus in Sprague-Dawley rats

We examined the effects of gestational cocaine treatment on oxytocin levels in the whole hippocampus (HIP), ventral tegmental area (VTA), medial preoptic area (MPOA) and amygdala (AMY) in rat dams on postpartum days (PPDs) 1 and 2. Cocaine treatment significantly reduced oxytocin levels in the MPOA within 12-16 h of delivery (PPD 1), but had no significant effect on the other brain areas. Oxytocin was significantly reduced in the HIP and VTA but not in the AMY or MPOA on PPD 2. These data provide the first evidence for the reduction of oxytocin levels in the VTA, HIP and MPOA as a result of gestational cocaine treatment.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 or ICAM‐2 is critical in determining sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to cytolysis by human γδ‐T cells: Implications in the design of γδ‐T‐cell‐based immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: gammadelta-T cells can recognize and kill malignant cells, particularly those of epithelial origin, through mechanisms which do not require the recognition of tumor-specific antigens (innate immune response). This natural ability of gammadelta-T cells to kill tumor cells in a tumor antigen-independent manner provides a strong rationale for developing clinical trials designed to exploit the innate antitumor properties of gammadelta-T cells. METHODS: In vitro studies were carried out to asses the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells (MIA PaCa2, BxPC-3, PANC-1) to killing by ex vivo expanded human gammadelta-T cells. RESULTS: The capacity of gammadelta-T cells to bind to as well as to kill pancreatic cancer cells correlated with the degree of surface expression of key intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) present on pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, pancreatic cancer cells expressing neither ICAM-1 nor ICAM-2 were bound poorly by gammadelta-T cells and were found to be resistant to gammadelta-T-cell killing. However, upon transfection of resistant cells with ICAM-1 or ICAM-2, gammadelta-T cells were then able to bind to and subsequently kill these cells. CONCLUSION: In vitro, the expression of ICAM-1 or ICAM-2 on human pancreatic cancer cells is critically important in determining the extent to which these cells are sensitive to killing by human gammadelta-T cells. Accordingly, in ongoing and future clinical studies using gammadelta-T cells for the treatment of a variety of epithelial-derived solid tumors-including pancreatic cancer-interventions intended to modulate ICAM expression on tumor cells may become important adjuncts to gammadelta-T-cell-based immunotherapies.
Self-Reported Narcissism and Perceived Parental Permissiveness and Authoritarianism

The hypothesis that inadequate parenting promotes the development of pathological narcissism was tested in a sample of 370 undergraduate students. They responded to the O'Brien (1987) Multiphasic Narcissism Inventory (OMNI) and to measures of parental permissiveness, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness. Perceived parental permissiveness and authoritarianism served as independent predictors of greater narcissistic tendencies. The students who scored high on the OMNI were also less likely to evaluate both of their parents as having been especially strong in their use of the adjustment-promoting authoritative style. Theoretical efforts to link narcissism with inadequate parenting therefore may have merit and may deserve additional research attention.
Sucrose‐mediated regulation of fatty acid composition in asexual embryos of Theobroma cacao

Asexual embryos of Theobroma cacao L. cultured in vitro grew to a size and fresh weight equal to mature zygotic embryos in vivo when cultured in liquid medium on a rollodrum apparatus. Changes in the fatty acid composition in the asexual embryos, similar to those which occur in the zygotic embryo during normal maturation, were stimulated as the sucrose concentration in the medium was increased to an optimum at 27% sucrose (w/v). As the sucrose concentration increased, there was a shift in the fatty acid composition from predominantly polyunsaturated to saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids characterized by an increase in the mole percents of stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) acids and a decrease in the mole percents of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic acids (18:3).
Trade union response to profit‐sharing plans: 1886–1966

(1971). Trade union response to profit‐sharing plans: 1886–1966. Labor History: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 68-80.
Patch- and voltage-clamp analysis of cyclic AMP-stimulated inward current underlying neurone bursting

The second messenger cyclic AMP has been variously reported to affect the electrical activity of different neurones by decreasing outward potassium current1–3, increasing outward current4 and increasing inward current5–8. The recently developed patch clamp method of recording single ionic channels9 allows direct measurement of the action of cyclic AMP on membrane conductances. Using the patch clamp, the closure of potassium channels by cyclic AMP has previously been documented on the single channel level10. We report here that in a bursting molluscan neurone, intracellular iontophoresis of cyclic AMP under voltage clamp elicits an inward current of maximal amplitude in the pacemaker voltage region. Patch-clamp analysis reveals inward channels whose opening frequency is augmented by cyclic AMP stimulation and whose activity accompanies burst episodes. Channel opening frequency is significantly increased by depolarization of the whole soma, but not by focal depolarization of the patch; this may reflect the action of another second messenger that acts in concert with cyclic AMP to confer voltage sensitivity.
CA2 Pyramidal Layer

This report contains a gene expression summary of the CA2 pyramidal cell layer (CA2sp), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse data set. The structure's location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the CA2sp were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the pyramidal layer of Ammon’s Horn, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The genes with the highest ranking selectivity ratios were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression characterization. The experimental data for each gene may be accessed via the links provided; additional data in the sagittal plane may also be accessed using the ABA. Correlations between gene expression in the CA2sp and the rest of the brain, across all genes in the coronal dataset (~4300 genes), were derived computationally. A gene ontology table (derived from DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 2007) is also included, highlighting possible functions of the 50 genes selected for this report.
Results of a hepatitis C general transfusion lookback program for patients who received blood products before July 1992.

BACKGROUND: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (anti-HCV) screening for persons who received blood products before July 1992. A general transfusion lookback program was implemented to identify, counsel, and screen persons who received transfusions at the Alaska Native Medical Center between January 1980 and July 1992. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hard-copy transfusion records data were entered, and available databases were queried to identify deceased patients and the mailing address of those living. Patients were notified by letter of their HCV risk and encouraged to seek counseling and testing. Serum samples were screened for anti-HCV and HCV RNA, and program costs were estimated. RESULTS: Overall, 3169 transfusion recipients were identified, with 1356 (43%) living and targeted for notification. Of 764 patients notified and screened by this program, 41 (5%) were anti-HCV–positive and 19 (2%) were HCV RNA–positive. There was a higher probability of detecting anti-HCV with each subsequent increase of a transfusion event. Among 298 lookback patients, 33 percent were unaware of having received a blood transfusion. The estimated cost per person sent notification was US$57 and to detect an anti-HCV–positive case it was US$3146. CONCLUSION: This general transfusion lookback program successfully notified and screened patients at a reasonable cost. Further investigation would be helpful in determining the role these programs or other measures could play in promoting HCV screening in persons receiving transfusions before July 1992, especially among those who are unaware of their transfusion history.
Ionic polymer–metal composites: II. Manufacturing techniques

This paper, the second in a series of four review papers to appear in this journal, presents a detailed description of various techniques and experimental procedures in manufacturing ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) that, if fully developed, can be used as effective biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles as well as fully electroded with embedded electrodes for fuel cells. The performance of IPMCs manufactured by different manufacturing techniques are presented and compared. In particular, a number of issues such as force optimization using the Taguchi design of experiment technique, effects of different cations on electromechanical performance of IPMCs, electrode and particle size and distribution control, manufacturing cost minimization approaches, scaling and three-dimensional (3D) muscle production issues and heterogeneous composites by physical loading techniques are also reviewed and discussed.
Retardation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Ceramics by Glassy Ligaments: A Rationalization

In high-temperature fatigue crack growth (FCG) experiments on ceramic materials containing amorphous grain boundary phases, the crack growth rates under cyclic loads were observed to be lower than those predicted solely on the basis of crack growth velocities measured under static loads. In this paper, a rationalization was offered for such a behavior by means of a phenomenological glass-bridging model which takes the relaxation behavior of glass into account. In ceramics which exhibit subcritical crack growth through cavitation ahead of the crack tip, the maximum stress intensity factor of the fatigue cycle required to initiate FCG was observed to be always greater than or equal to the threshold stress intensity factor for crack growth under sustained far-field loads. This trend was also explained with the aid of the glass-bridging model and invoking the equivalence between bridging and damage zones. The elevated temperature FCG behavior of nitride-based ceramics which exhibit grain bridging in the wake during crack propagation was discussed and contrasted with oxide-based ceramics which show glass bridging.
Induction of denitrifying enzymes in oxygen-limited Achromobacter cycloclastes continuous culture

Denitrifying enzyme synthesis and activity was studied in Achromobacter cycloclastes. Nitrite and nitrous oxide reductases were synthesized in response to anaerobiosis in the absence of nitrogenous oxides, but synthesis was promoted when a nitrogenous oxide was present. Nitrite reductase synthesis was promoted by NO3− and NO2−, while N2O reductase synthesis was promoted by NO2− and N2O. In continuous culture at dissolved O2 concentrations ranging from air saturation to complete anaerobiosis, NO3− and N2O reductase proteins were synthesized at all O2 concentrations. Full induction occurred when dissolved O2 concentrations fell below 2 μM. Nitrate reductase activity was present at all O2 concentrations, but the N2O reductase protein was not active until O2 concentrations were decreased to 23 μM. Nitrite reduction was the most O2-sensitive denitrifying step. Synthesis did not occur until dissolved O2 was below 2 μM. The same pattern was observed for NO-reducing activity. The synthesis of the suite of denitrifying enzymes was not uniformly regulated by particular nitrogenous oxides as inducers, nor by similar O2 concentrations. Because of the stringent control by O2 on NO2− reductase synthesis, complete denitrification in this organism could not occur until O2 concentrations were very low, approximately 2 μM (64 μg O2 l−1).
Generation of a safe and effective live viral vaccine by virus self-attenuation using species-specific artificial microRNA

Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) is an effective way for prevention of infectious disease. While several methods are employed to create them, efficacy and safety are still a challenge. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of creating a self-attenuated RNA virus expressing a functional species-specific artificial microRNA. Using influenza virus as a model, we produced an attenuated virus carrying a mammalian-specific miR-93 expression cassette that expresses a viral nucleoprotein (NP)-specific artificial microRNA from an insertion site within the non-structural (NS) gene segment. The resulting engineered live-attenuated influenza virus, PR8-amiR-93NP, produced mature and functional artificial microRNA against NP in mammalian cells, but not in avian cells. Furthermore, PR8-amiR-93NP was attenuated by 104 fold in mice compared with its wild-type counterpart. Importantly, intranasal immunization with PR8-amiR-93NP conferred cross-protective immunity against heterologous influenza virus strains. In short, this method provides a safe and effective platform for creation of live attenuated RNA viral vaccines.
Brief motivational intervention for college drinking: the synergistic impact of social anxiety and perceived drinking norms.

Despite the efficacy of Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS), students with higher social anxiety appear vulnerable to poorer outcomes. A possible explanation for these outcomes is that corrective normative feedback (an active component of BASICS) may be less effective for socially anxious students if their beliefs about others' drinking are less malleable because of intense fear of negative evaluation for deviating from perceived drinking norms. This study evaluated whether socially anxious students demonstrated less change in perceived norms during BASICS. We also examined whether change in norm endorsement moderated the relation between social anxiety and BASICS outcomes. Undergraduates (n = 52) who underwent BASICS completed measures of drinking, social anxiety, and perceived norms at baseline and 4 weeks post-BASICS. Higher social anxiety was related to less change in norm endorsement after receiving BASICS. Change in perceived norms during treatment moderated the relation between social anxiety and follow-up drinking. Among students with smaller change in norm endorsement after BASICS, higher social anxiety was related to heavier follow-up drinking. Among students with greater changes to norm endorsement during BASICS, the effect of social anxiety was nonsignificant. Results suggest that corrective perceived norms interventions may be less effective among socially anxious students, contributing to continued heavy drinking. Development of social anxiety-specific BASICS components warrants attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Post‐Divorce Family Relationships as Mediating Factors in the Consequences of Divorce for Children

In this study, the psychological structure of the family after divorce is seen as mediating the impact of divorce upon children. Divorce affects primary bonds with parents, presents challenges to conceptions of social reality, and creates stress which interferes with normal development. The effects of divorce upon child behavior (peer relations, stress, aggression, work effectiveness at school) were examined through two contrasting research strategies: 1) a comparison of the behavior of children in divorced and intact families, and 2) analysis of the association between family processes and child outcomes in intact and divorced families. Family processes examined were: (a) the affective relationships between the father and mother, (b) the affective relationships between the child and each parent separately, and (c) for divorced families, the amount of contact between child and non-custodial parent. For divorced and intact groups combined, the relationships among family members appeared to be more potent influences on child behavior than was marital status. The negative effects of divorce were greatly mitigated when positive relationships with both parents were maintained. The child's relationship with the non-custodial parent (father) was as important as the continuing relationship with the mother. Implications for research and for public policy are discussed.
Hyaluronan, CD44 and Emmprin: Partners in cancer cell chemoresistance

Abstract Hyaluronan not only is an important structural component of extracellular matrices but also interacts with cells during dynamic cell processes such as those occurring in cancer. Consequently, interactions of hyaluronan with tumor cells play important cooperative roles in various aspects of malignancy. Hyaluronan binds to several cell surface receptors, including CD44, thus leading to co-regulation of signaling pathways that are important in regulation of multidrug resistance to anticancer drugs, in particular anti-apoptotic pathways induced by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Emmprin, a cell surface glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily, stimulates hyaluronan production and downstream signaling consequences. Emmprin and CD44 also interact with various multidrug transporters of the ABC family and monocarboxylate transporters associated with resistance to cancer therapies. Moreover, hyaluronan–CD44 interactions are critical to these properties in the highly malignant, chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem-like cells. Perturbations of the hyaluronan–CD44 interaction at the plasma membrane by various antagonists result in attenuation of receptor tyrosine kinase and transporter activities and inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. These antagonists, especially small hyaluronan oligomers, may be useful in therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing tumor refractoriness or recurrence due to drug-resistant sub-populations within malignant cancers.
Experimental analysis of different optimization techniques on leakage localization using series alignment

Leakage detection and localization system plays crucial role in pipeline technology. Traditionally, negative pressure wave (NPW) based methods have been widely applied for its relatively low construction and maintenance cost. Among these NPW based methods, the slope based method is a major way to estimate leakage position. This paper tries to explore another way in leakage position estimation by aligning two or more NPW signals. In order to provide comprehensive comparison, diverse kinds of optimization methods are used as the optimization engine in searching for the alignment point. Their performance is experimentally compared in multiple NPW alignment tasks to show the strengths and the weaknesses of different kinds optimization algorithms. The experimental results also demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed approach in terms of localization accuracy and algorithm reliability, compared with slope based methods.
Valuing water quality changes using a bioeconomic model of a coastal recreational fishery

Abstract This paper develops and applies a structural bioeconomic model of a coastal recreational fishery. We combine a dynamic fish population model, a statistical model of angler catch rates, and a recreation demand model to estimate the value of water quality changes for the Atlantic Coast summer flounder fishery. The model predicts that improving water quality conditions in Maryland's coastal bays alone would have relatively small impacts on the fishery as a whole. However, water quality improvements throughout the range of the species could lead to substantial increases in fish abundance and associated benefits to recreational anglers from increased catch rates. We also estimate an alternative version of the catch function, with no direct measure of fish abundance included, and we compare results from this “reduced form” approach to results from our structural model.