cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anachronism and Morality: Israeli Settlement, Palestinian Nationalism, and Human Liberation

This article is concerned with how the idea of anachronism can interfere with our thinking about social justice, peace, and human liberation. In the case of Israel/Palestine the idea of anachronism is deployed among liberals, progressives and radical theorists, and activists seeking peace and social justice who express animosity toward religiously motivated settlers and their settlement project. One of the ways in which they differentiate themselves from these settlers is by suggesting that settler actions belong to the past. They also pity Palestinians conceived of as stuck in an oppressive system of settler colonialism that also belongs to the past, preventing them from moving forward. Both perceptions of anachronism limit the ways we can think about human liberation and peace. This article sheds light on a conundrum about who or what belongs to the past, and how thinking in such terms can contribute to the production of a particular moral collective and to the production of enmity. Both perceptions of ...
Surveillance on Hygienic Quality of Pastry in Tengchong County during 2003—2007

[Objective]To understand the hygienic quality of pastry produced and sold in Tengchong County,to ensure the pastry food safety so as to prevent the foodborne diseases and food poisoning.[Methods]The monitoring results of various types of pastry produced and sold in this county during 2003—2007 were statistically analyzed and evaluated.[Results]The total qualified rate of pastry was 78.42%,the qualified rate between years was significant(χ2=23.01,P0.01). Moon cake had the highest qualified rate of all kinds of pastry(88.68%). Based on the indicators,169 micro-organisms were unqualified,most were mold(49.11%);no lead,arsenic and pathogen were detected. The major unqualified item was mold.[Conclusion]The pastry produced in this county are polluted seriously by microorganism,the total qualified rate was relatively low. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the multi-sectoral joint law enforcement and supervision.
Investigation and analysis of Pathogenic vibrio pollution in food pollutant

Objective:To learn Pathogenic vibrio pollution condition in food pollutant in Wenzhou,the preliminary determination is possible to pollute Pathogenic vibrio high danger food,provides the scientific basis for the food poisoning monitor and provides the basis for food security risk appraised.Methods:A two-step selection and system identification methods for food samples is used to inspect Pathogenic vibrio.Results:The examination raw meat(cow,sheep,chicken,pig),the cooked meat product,the aquatic product altogether four kinds of samples 149,pick out Pathogenic vibrio 95 bacteria,picking out rate 55.7%;In four kinds of foods the Pathogenic vibrio Positive rate is the highest that is the aquatic product(74.1%),Followed by raw meat was 64.3%;The highest rate of sample contamination is in agricultural products markets.Conclusion:Food Pathogenic vibrio serious pollution in Wenzhou City,mainly Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination,it is recommended to strengthen food safety supervision and management.
Breeding activity, estimated age-structure, and growth in Sonoran Desert anurans

We investigated breeding activity of a community of desert anurans at two sites in north-central Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona, during 1990-1995. Four species used these sites for breeding during the summer monsoon season: Colorado River toad, Bufo alvarius, Great Plains toad, B. cognatus, red-spotted toad, B. punctatus, and Couch's spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus couchii. Breeding activity was restricted primarily to 1990 and 1992 when significant rainfall events (>25 mm of rainfall within 24 h) occurred repeatedly. No breeding (i.e., oviposition) occurred during 1991 or 1993, and only S. couchii bred on a single night in 1994 and B. alvarius on a single night in 1995. We undertook a skeletochronologic analysis of lines of arrested growth in digits and femurs with all four study species. Conservative estimates of age based on lines of arrested growth (LAG's) suggest that populations of all four taxa were relatively young (average age between two and four years) at both sites in 1994 and 1995. Growth, as indicated by the amount of bone deposited between LAG's, was greatest during the second year in B. alvarius and B. cognatus, but not B. punctatus or S. couchii. These results indicate rapid growth to maturity but do not support the notion that these anuran amphibians are long-lived organisms that exhibit an extended reproductive lifespan as adults in response to a highly variable, harsh desert environment.
Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review.

Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review
Overproduction of nif KD and nif SUX from KlebsiellaPneumoniae

The molybdenum-iron protein and the iron protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae catalyze the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The MoFe-protein, believed to harbour the site(s) for dinitrogen binding, contains 2 bound molybdenum, 30–32 irons and 28 acid-labile sulfurs. These metals are arranged in 3 types of clusters: 2 M-centers each consisting of 8 irons, 8 acid-labile sulfurs and 1 molybdenum atom. This FeMo-cofactor can be extracted into N-methyl formamide; 4[4Fe-4s] clusters called P-clusters; and 2 residual irons termed the S-cluster(s). A total of 16 genes have been implicated in regulation and synthesis of both introgenase proteins. The genes coding for the structural polypeptides of iron- and molybdenum- iron proteins are contained in one operon (nif HKDY). The nif H promoter is not only regulated by the activator nif A and the repressor nif L but also reguires a fully matured MoFe-protein and/or Fe-protein for maximal expression. The products of 4–5 genes (nif B, N. E, V and C) are involved in insertion of the FeMo-cofactor into the MoFe-protein. Whether the remaining metal clusters, which are believed to be inserted prior to the FeMo-cofactor, are matured by an enzymatic process remains to be determined. There are several genes, notably nif SUX, whose functions are yet obscure; some of these may participate in P-cluster and S-cluster insertion.
Socioeconomic inequality at school entry: A cross-cohort comparison of families and schools

Abstract The widening income gap between the wealthy and the disadvantaged in the United States has been well documented and has coincided with a near doubling of the income-achievement gap among school-age children. Motivated by calls for approaches to research that enable comprehensive accounts of change in the social ecologies of children, we leverage recently released data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to compare two nationally representative samples of kindergartners. Using multiple indicators reflecting children's family and school ecologies, we document a substantial and widening divide between kindergarteners from high- and low-income households. We show that kindergartners from families with low-income are more disadvantaged in 2010, following the Great Recession than they were in 1998 on a number of measures of well-being including higher levels of maternal unemployment and greater food insecurity. We also document a dramatic increase in the proportion of school administrators reporting a decline in school funding as well as increased student mobility in the latter time period. Our results raise concerns that schools may not be prepared to compensate for the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
Small-molecule pheromones and hormones controlling nematode development

The existence of small-molecule signals that influence development in Caenorhabditis elegans has been known for several decades, but only in recent years have the chemical structures of several of these signals been established. The identification of these signals has enabled connections to be made between these small molecules and fundamental signaling pathways in C. elegans that influence not only development but also metabolism, fertility, and lifespan. Spurred by these important discoveries and aided by recent advances in comparative metabolomics and NMR spectroscopy, the field of nematode chemistry has the potential to expand dramatically in the coming years. This Perspective will focus on small-molecule pheromones and hormones that influence developmental events in the nematode life cycle (ascarosides, dafachronic acids, and nemamides), will cover more recent work regarding the biosynthesis of these signals, and will explore how the discovery of these signals is transforming our understanding of nematode development and physiology.
Disseminated herpes zoster causing acute respiratory distress syndrome in an immunocompetent patient

Disseminated cutaneous varicella herpes zoster with visceral involvement is rare and seen almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. We describe an unusual case of fulminant herpes zoster (HZ) in a healthy, immunocompetent 37-year-old woman. She initially presented to an urgent care centre with a classic HZ rash localised to her neck, and upper respiratory symptoms and was treated with prednisone and cephalexin. Within 1 week, the rash became diffuse and her clinical status rapidly deteriorated with development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Varicella zoster infection was confirmed via skin biopsy, bronchial viral PCR and serology for varicella antibodies. She was successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir and aggressive supportive care. Though physicians readily recognise typical zoster infection, this case reminds clinicians that HZ infection can be fulminant and potentially life-threatening in younger, immunocompetent individuals. Early recognition and antiviral therapy is important to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Exhibiting the Exotic at the Exhibition:Music and the Evolutionary Sociocultural Continuum at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair

The World’s Fair had long been a showcase of the progress and enlightenment of the modern Western nation, justified partly through the popularization of the new field of sociology that provided a linear evolutionary model of human sociocultural development. This model was available for illustration in St. Louis in 1904 largely due to the American possession of the Philippines. The new colony boasted many ethnic groups at various levels of social and cultural development, allowing the Fair organizers to display both the range of the evolutionary sociocultural continuum and the benefits of American colonialism in one large 47-acre “habitat.” Another effective method through which the continuum was realized was popular music at the Fair, especially in the many military-style bands that performed there, including the Philippine Constabulary Band. Popular bands of the day “reached up” to the highest levels of art music culture, performing symphonic overtures and opera arias while also “reaching down,” appropriating and adapting the music of other cultures, internal and external to the United States. In this way, the Fair organizers established a Western-dominated social commentary on a grand scale.KEYWORDS: World's Fair; sociocultural evolution; Americancolonialism; the Philippine Reservation; musical appropriation
Comparison of Three Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques for Distinction between Lignocellulose Samples

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant raw materials available on earth, and the study of lignocellulose components is required for the production of second-generation biofuels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has a demonstrated potential as a cost-effective and efficient method to distinguish between lignocellulose specimens. This study compared three FTIR modes—attenuated total reflectance (ATR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and Transmission-FTIR—in their ability to distinguish samples of different lignocellulose species at varying grain sizes, as well as before and after enzyme treatment. The reproducibility among replicates and the separation between different sample groups was assessed using an adjusted “separation/scatter” metric calculated from the scores of principal component analysis (PCA). Attenuated total reflectance was most frequently the best method due to its least amount of variance among sample replicates. However, Transmission-FTIR was better than ATR for certain particle sizes or enzyme treatments. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was repeatedly inferior to ATR and Transmission-FTIR, especially in terms of variability. This work provided insight into the best mode of FTIR for characterizing lignocellulose powders. Future work should test the robustness of these results with a wider range of wood species, particle sizes, enzymes concentrations, and reaction conditions.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Video Electroencephalography Without Event Capture

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the accuracy of 24-hour video electroencephalography (vEEG) for the diagnosis of epilepsy when a patient's typical paroxysmal event was not captured (no-event vEEG). Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all first-time 24 hour no-event vEEG studies at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Clinician diagnosis of epilepsy with a minimum of one year follow-up was used as the reference standard to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity of routine EEG (rEEG) and vEEG were compared in patients with both studies, and factors affecting the accuracy of vEEG were explored with a multivariable analysis. Results No-event vEEG showed sensitivity of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44 to 0.64) and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.92) respectively, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 7.53 (95% CI 4.45 to 12.76). The sensitivity of vEEG was statistically superior to that of rEEG, whereas specificity was comparable. Age emerged as the only factor that affected the diagnostic accuracy of no-event vEEG. Conclusion Even in the absence of a typical seizure or spell, video EEG is a useful test for predicting or excluding epilepsy, with diagnostic accuracy that is superior to rEEG and unaffected by the presence of a chronic neurological condition.
Perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement: report of a case.

INTRODUCTION: Perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement is an infrequent occurrence. Wide excision is the best chance of cure of perineal endometriosis but may cause incontinence when the anal sphincter is involved. Conversely, narrow excision may result in incomplete removal, with increased recurrence rates and need of additional therapy. Wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty and narrow excision surgical techniques are reviewed. METHODS: One case report of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement and previously reported cases were reviewed. Patients were compared based on type of resection (wide or narrow excision) and outcome. RESULTS: Since 1957 there have been seven reported cases of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement, with the present authors adding one additional case for a total of eight. The mean age was 33 (range, 22–47) years. Surgical treatment included wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty (2 cases), narrow excision (4 cases), and incomplete excision (1 case). One case spontaneously regressed after a subsequent pregnancy. There were two recurrences in the narrow excision group and no recurrences in the wide excision group. There were no complications reported for any of the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Although follow-up time was variable and the numbers small, wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty for patients with perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement seems to be the best chance of cure with good functional results. It should be considered particularly in younger patients to obviate the need of long-term subsequent hormonal therapy or re-excision for symptomatic recurrences. In contrast, patients closer to menopause (when endometriosis tends to regress) may be treated optimally by narrow excision to avoid the risks of significant anal sphincter resection.
Adiabatic Connection without Coupling Constant Integration

Using a second-order approximation to Random Phase Approximation renormalized (RPAr) many-body perturbation theory for the interacting density–density response function, we have developed a so-called higher-order terms (HOT) approximation for the correlation energy. In combination with the first-order RPAr correction, our new method faithfully captures the infinite-order correlation for a given exchange-correlation kernel, yielding errors of the total correlation energy on the order of 1% or less for most systems. For exchange-like kernels, our new method has the further benefit that the coupling-strength integration can be completely eliminated resulting in a modest reduction in computational cost compared to the traditional approach. When the correlation energy is accurately reproduced by the HOT approximation, structural properties and energy differences are also accurately reproduced, as we demonstrate for several periodic solids and some molecular systems. Energy differences involving fragmentation a...
Anomie: History of the Concept

Anomie is a term that, in various forms, originally appeared in writing in Greek antiquity and biblical history. Introduced in modern sociology by means of an appropriation from social and moral philosophy at the end of the nineteenth century, the concept of anomie was first applied in the seminal works of Emile Durkheim. It was subsequently elaborated and examined in the context of the sociology of deviant behavior on the basis of the writings of Robert K. Merton. With varying levels of success, anomie has remained a mainstay in sociological theory and research until today. The meaning of anomie has thereby undergone several transformations of more and less conceptual significance.
Disorders of Higher Cognitive Function

Mental retardation, a global disorder of higher cognitive function, has been discussed in Chapter 9. This section will concentrate on those conditions in which the cognitive deficit is more circumscribed and overall intelligence is preserved. This is, to some extent, an artificial construct, as the meaning of a full-scale IQ score in the face of specific cognitive disabilities is not clear.
Multiattribute Utility Modeling of Cardiac Health Effects from Carbon Monoxide Exposure

Methods for evaluating carbon monoxide standards are described and critiqued, with a focus on impacts on cardiac patients’ health. Willingness to pay for health increments is evaluated as a source of information in cost-benefit analyses. A multiattribute utility model is presented for choosing among standards.
The Past on Trial: Birmingham, the Bombing, and Restorative Justice

Since 1989, state and national law enforcement authorities have reopened or begun investigations into at least eighteen civil rights-era murders across the South. Of those, seven cases resulted in murder or manslaughter convictions. In almost as many cases, one or more of the primary suspects had already died. Most other civil rights-era cases can no longer lead to viable prosecutions due to immunity issues, the passage of time, or political inertia.1 These trials have captivated a national audience as elderly Klansmen sat before juries, answering for their attempts to keep Southern society racially segregated and, for many observers, personifying the society that the civil rights movement had struggled to eradicate. Birmingham, Alabama followed suit, convicting two such Klansmen in 2001 and 2002 for its most notorious civil rights-era atrocity, the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing.2
Application to Quantum Field Theory

In the present chapter we extend the basic ideas of quantum mechanics and elementary path integral representations of that quantum mechanics to a limited discussion of contemporary quantum field theory, namely, scalar fields. Initial emphasis is placed on understanding the free relativistic quantum field theory in Minkowski and Euclidean spacetimes with dimensions n≥2. Interacting theories are examined from the point of view of perturbation theory about the free theory, and a brief discussion of their nonperturbative analysis by lattice regularized Euclidean spacetime is offered.
High temperature reactions of ceramics and metals with chlorine and oxygen

The reactions of chlorine and oxygen with solids are complex and quite dependent on material and reaction conditions. However, there are four reaction schemes that describe many of these reactions. These are direct reaction of chlorine with the oxide layer, penetration of the oxide layer by chlorine, paralinear behavior where oxidation and chlorination are of comparable rates, and finally, gas phase reactions where the volatile chlorides react with oxygen. Examples of chlorine and oxygen reactions with cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and silicon carbide illustrate each of these four reaction schemes.
Phronetic Science for Wicked Times

COVID-19 is a global assemblage that presents a wicked problem for scientists and policymakers alike. Wicked problems that defy easy characterization and solutions are expected to proliferate in the Capitalocene. In this essay, I argue that traditional science cannot be expected to help us understand and resolve wicked problems like COVID-19. Rather, we need phronetic science that is transdisciplinary, ethically aware and oriented towards inculcating practical wisdom in its practitioners. Further, if we wish to see phronetic science being used in tackling wicked problems, science educators can contribute by teaching phronetic science in our schools.
Radiation Pressure Laser Power Meter for Industrial Laser Machining

Demonstration and validation of a linear radiation pressure-based high-power laser power meter is presented. To date, this device is the most promising real-time, absolute power meter for laser material processing where power monitoring is crucial.
Challenges to realizing the potential of nature-based solutions

Globally, rising seas, coastal erosion, extended dry periods, and flooding contribute to decreased water security and increased disaster incidence. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly advanced as innovative responses to promote adaptation and build resilience, and they are arguably more sustainable than traditional gray infrastructure. There is a growing body of information regarding the material, social, and technological advances that constitute NBS and the ways in which nature can complement traditional built infrastructure. However, critical gaps remain. Promoting a coupled systems approach, we explore fundamental challenges, including issues of participation and equity, economic valuation, scalar mismatches, the integration of natural and built infrastructure, and governance. NBS do not entail quick solutions, and to reach their full potential NBS require a fundamental rethinking of society’s relationship with nature.
Who Writes for the Trees?: Wide Sargasso Sea, the Dominican Forest, and Its Parrots

In the 50-plus years since the publication of Wide Sargasso Sea, environmental degradation has become the focus of intense debate in the Caribbean region as it begins to adapt to the impact of climate change. A central aspect of this debate has been the state of the forests throughout the archipelago, as loss of forest coverage exacerbates the islands’ vulnerability to rising temperatures and sea levels. Rhys’s knowledge and understanding of the centrality of forests to the ecology and wholeness of her home island of Dominica is on display in her last novel. This chapter reads Wide Sargasso Sea alongside Rhys’s correspondence late in her life with her Dominican compatriot Phyllis Shand Allfrey, an activist for political and environmental issues on the island.
497 Longitudinal immune profiling reveals unique myeloid and T cell phenotypes associated with spontaneous immunoediting in a novel prostate tumor model

Background The theory of cancer immunoediting, which describes the dynamic interactions between tumors and host immune cells that shape the character of each compartment, is foundational for understanding cancer immunotherapy. Few models exist that facilitate in-depth study of each of the three canonical phases of immunoediting: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Here, we perform high dimensional longitudinal immune profiling of NPK-C1, a transplantable prostate tumor model that recapitulates the three phases of immunoediting spontaneously in immunocompetent C57BL/6 animals. Methods We generated a 28-color immune phenotyping panel to interrogate the NPK-C1 microenvironment using a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer. We analyzed NPK-C1 tumors on days 10, 15, 20 and 24 post-implantation, representing elimination, equilibrium, early escape, and late escape phases, respectively. These data were analyzed by both traditional gating and with an optimized dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering workflow. We additionally performed in vivo depletion studies of T cell and granulocyte subsets at early and late time points to determine if these bulk populations are required for immunoediting during elimination and equilibrium/escape. Results We found that a cluster of activated CD4 effector T cells were enriched early during elimination phase and were overrepresented in NPK-C1 tumors which regress rather than progress to escape. CD4 in vivo depletion studies validated a functional role for CD4 T cells in suppressing NPK-C1 progression at these phases. Additionally, a central memory-like cytotoxic CD8 T cell cluster was enriched in regressing NPK-C1 tumors, and CD8 depletion allowed NPK-C1 progression throughout immunoediting. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a whole were counterintuitively enriched in regressing tumors, however high dimensional analysis revealed their significant phenotypic diversity, with a number of Treg subpopulations enriched in progressing tumors. In the myeloid compartment, we found that iNOS+ DC-like cells were enriched in regressing tumors, while CD103+ DCs were counterintuitively associated with late stage tumor progression. Conclusions These data introduce a new model – NPK-C1 – to study immunoediting and suggest both CD8 and CD4 T cells are required to suppress tumor outgrowth throughout each phase of cancer immunoediting, while myeloid populations exhibit significant phenotypic and functional diversity throughout this process. Further, our identification of unique sub-populations of myeloid and T cells correlating with either regression or progression to escape highlights a role for multi-dimensional flow-based analyses to more deeply understand immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment. Ethics Approval All experiments and procedures for this study were approved by the Columbia University Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Development of a multiphysics model of synergistic effects between environmental exposure and damage in woven glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites

Abstract Extending the application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials into the automotive, aerospace and military manufacturing is a significant advance in recent years. However, few extending have been achieved in civil infrastructure and building construction industry. This gap is partly due to (i) the lack of multiphysics and multiscale models unifying degradation-deformation damage phenomena to assess the safety and durability of newly adopted or proposed material and structural systems, and (ii) no available computational models that are succinctly fundamental and directly interactable with other digital files from architecture designer or manufacturer. To begin addressing this gap, this paper presents a structure level multiphysics model that uses the UV and moisture deterioration variables homogenized from a micromechanics model to integrate a nonlocal continuum damage model in a curvilinear coordinate system. This model links the application of analysis to the architecture or manufacturing digital model by enabling more accurate predictions of mechanical performance. An example of the model is presented for analysis of a group of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite plates in SFMOMA Facade System, the first and largest architectural application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in the United States.
Compression Aesthetics: Transducing Segregation in the Los Angeles Beat Scene

As the tenth most segregated metropolitan area in the United States, Los Angeles has a well-documented history of structural inequality that has fragmented the city and confined people of colour to areas with poor public services. For the past forty years, hip-hop DJs and producers have translated these policies and politics into aesthetic and formal characteristics of their music, reclaiming public space by reworking sonic space. This chapter looks at the ways in which hip-hop producers in the Los Angeles “beat scene” during the first decades of the twenty-first century have used compression in their mixes in an effort both to reify explicitly the sound of the city and to critique implicitly the gentrification, population growth, and housing segregation that continues to splinter cultures and communities.
Digital radiograph (DR) guided bedside IVC filter placements in patients with intracranial pressure monitors

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to report a single center experience with portable digital radiographically (DR) guided bedside IVC filters placed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with high ICP and elevated head of bed (HOB). Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on all bedside IVC filters placed from January 1, 2010 to September 16, 2020. Patients with high ICP and elevated head of bed requirements were included. Charts were reviewed for filter type, common femoral vein (CFV) access, filter location, pre procedure imaging, pre and post filter ICPs, glascow coma scale, number of radiographs taken, and filter removal. ICPs were obtained 1 hour prior to procedure and 2 hours post procedure and analyzed with a paired T test. Filters were placed by reviewing prior CT scan for IVC size, caval variants, renal and iliac veins and vertebral body landmarks. Then, CFV access was obtained and a Bentson wire was advanced 30–40 cm. A radiograph was used to confirm adequate position of the of the wire. The filter sheath was advanced and serial radiographs were used to position the filter sheath at the final predetermined position below the renal veins and above the iliac bifurcation. The filter was deployed, and a radiograph was obtained to confirm filter positioning. Results A total of 9 DR guided bedside IVC filters were placed (4 Denali, 3 Option Elite, 2 Celect). Indications included prophylactic placement (n = 8) and acute DVT (n = 1). The average patient age was 35.8 years (range: 18–56 years) CT abdomen and pelvis was used to assess for the level of renal veins in all patients (n = 9). No caval variants were encountered on pre-procedural planning. The average pre, intraprocedural, and post procedure intracranial pressure was 16 mmHg, 13 mmHg, and 16 mmHg, respectively. Confirmation of placement after final placement was available in 7 patients (4 DR, 2 CT and one fluoroscopic examination). Two non-procedural related deaths occurred. Technical success, defined as successful placement of IVC filter at the predetermined level, was achieved in 100% of patients (n = 9). The right CFV was used in most patients (n = 7). The left CFV was used for access in two patients due to right CFV thrombus (n = 1) and existing right femoral venous central line (n = 1). The average number of radiographs taken was 5.8 (range 4–9). In all cases, filters were placed below the level of the lowest renal vein (n = 9). A comparison of pre, during and post intervention ICP pressures is shown in table, 2. No differences between pre and post filter ICP was noted (p = 0.77). Three filters were later removed. One minor complication was reported, which was filter tilt (23%) in an Option filter. Conclusion Bedside IVC filters can be safely placed in patients with head trauma and high ICP who are unable to lay supine using portable DR guidance with a high rate of technical success and minimal complications.
Endoluminal management of benign bronchoesophageal fistula.

The ideal management of bronchoesophageal fistulas is a debated topic. While open surgical repair remains the most definitive treatment, not all patients are fit for surgery. In this communication, we present a patient who developed a bronchoesophageal fistula 1 year after an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy that involved the native oesophagus and right mainstem bronchus. Endoluminal vacuum therapy was successful at closing this benign bronchoesophageal fistula.
Association of frailty with 90-day postoperative mortality & geriatric comanagement among older adults with cancer.

Abstract Introduction Geriatric medical comanagement of older surgical patients with cancer is associated with lower 90-day postoperative mortality. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that this association varies on the basis of the degree of a patient's frailty. Methods Frailty was assessed using the Memorial Sloan Kettering Frailty Index. Our hypothesis was evaluated using two approaches, both adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, preoperative albumin, operating room duration, and estimated blood loss. A logistic regression was performed with 90-day mortality as the outcome and geriatric comanagement, continuous Memorial Sloan Kettering Frailty Index, and an interaction term between these two variables as the primary predictors. We then categorized frailty into four levels and, within each level, performed logistic regression with geriatric comanagement as the primary predictor and 90-day mortality as the outcome. Finally, we extracted the effect size and used a meta-analytic approach to test for heterogeneity. Results Of 1687 patients aged ≥75 years who underwent elective cancer surgery with a length of stay of ≥1 day, 931 (55%) received comanagement; 31 patients (3.3%) who received comanagement died within 90 days, compared with 72 (9.5%) who did not. Ninety-day mortality was not statistically significantly different by degree of frailty in either analysis (interaction P = 0.4; test of heterogeneity P = 0.8). Conclusion Geriatric comanagement is valuable for all older surgical patients, not just the frail, and should be provided to as large a portion of the older surgical population as possible. Further research should examine predictors of response to geriatric comanagement.
Employing nanoscale surface morphologies to improve interfacial adhesion between solid electrolytes and Li ion battery cathodes

Abstract Solid state Li ion batteries are particularly susceptible to deleterious mechanical responses at interfaces, because the electrochemically driven volume changes must be accommodated by deformation of the solid electrolyte. In the current study, this was investigated with PEO electrolyte and V 2 O 5 electrodes, using different morphologies (e.g. patterned films, plasma roughened surfaces, etc). Detailed finite element modeling of the experimental configuration was also used to analyze the results. Methods for improving the adhesion of this critical interface were also demonstrated. Relatively small improvements were attributed to plasma roughening. However, the introduction of large, thin sheets of material normal to the primary decohesion surface lead to unexpected large increases in the adhesive energy. For example, with patterned islands that were 800 nm tall, the increase in adhesion was approximately 8 times larger than the corresponding surface area increase. A finite element simulation of the decohesion process shows good agreement with the experimental values. Based on this analysis, it appears that thin elastic sheets in a much softer matrix can reduce stresses at the delamination front. This shielding effect provides a novel approach for improving the failure resistance of PEO electrolyte/V 2 O 5 interfaces in solid state batteries.
Iodination of Muscle Fructose Diphosphate Aldolase

Abstract The effect of iodine incorporation on the catalytic activities of rabbit muscle d-fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase has been examined. The inactivation that takes place concomitant with binding of only a few atoms of iodine per molecule of aldolase is not accompanied by a gross conformational change in the enzyme. It is concluded that iodination of a specific tyrosyl residue or residues of muscle aldolase is responsible for the marked inactivation. A significant portion of the iodine incorporated is associated with the COOH-terminal tyrosyl residues. Two COOH-terminal tryptic peptides have been isolated with the use of 125I as the marker, and the amino acid compositions of these peptides have been determined.
α-Lactose monohydrate single crystals as hosts for matrix isolation of guest biopolymers

Single crystals of α-lactose monohydrate show a remarkable tendency to include biopolymers, such as proteins, oligonucleotides and dextrans, within the growing lattice. Glycosylation increased the amount of protein contained within the crystals. The guest molecules were found only within the (010) growth sector of the hatchet shaped crystals, thereby binding preferentially to one of the seven developed crystal faces. The topographical features of the active surface are described.
A Nova História Política e a questão das fontes históricas

Considerando a importância das fontes historicas para o oficio do historiador, este artigo busca uma reflexao sobre o papel das mesmas para a Nova Historia Politica. Para tal, foi necessaria uma pesquisa bibliografica sobre os usos e sentidos da Historia Politica ao longo do tempo, especialmente sobre o novo olhar que se dirige a dimensao politica com o advento da Historia Cultural. Sendo o trabalho com as fontes parte central na metodologia da Historia, essa historia cultural do politico passa tambem pela forma como o historiador interroga sua documentacao.
Transfer Length Measurements in Pretensioned Concrete Railroad Ties Under Rail Loads

During January 2013, concrete railroad ties were cast at a tie manufacturing plant with fifteen different reinforcement types that are widely employed in manufacturing of railroad ties worldwide. Among these reinforcements; there were 12 different 5.32 mm diameter wires with various surface indent geometries, two different 7-wire strands with 3/8-inch diameter, and one 3-wire strand with 5/16-inch diameter. Four concrete ties were cast for each reinforcement type for a total of 60 concrete ties. Among the four ties for each reinforcement type, two ties were installed in track and subjected to a cumulative in-track loading of 85 million gross tons (MGT). Before being subjected to this loading, special surface preparation was done on the ties to protect the strain measuring points on the bottom surface of the ties from surface abrasion during loading. The other two ties, which are companion ties for each reinforcement type, were not subjected to any loading. Surface strains of concrete railroad ties were measured at three different stages after prestress transfer: immediately after prestress transfer, one year after prestress before ties subjected to loading (January 2014), and after half of the ties were subjected to 85 million gross tons loading (August 2014). Transfer lengths were calculated at all these stages from the measured surface strain values and are presented here. Transfer length results are compared between the ties subjected to loading and the ties not subjected to loading, along with detailed explanation of results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Microscopic assays of flagellar dynein activity.

Publisher Summary In vitro assays were originally applied to the study of myosin function and subsequently adapted for study of microtubule-based motors. Large, multicomponent complexes referred to as molecular motors can be adsorbed to inert surfaces yet retain the ability to generate force and translocate or move along microtubules. The development of videomicroscopy led, in part, to the discovery of kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein, and in observations about the mechanism of flagellar dynein. In vitro microscopic assays offer many advantages including use of small amounts of purified proteins, rapid and precise assessment of motility parameters, and convenient changes in the experimental variables. The goal of this chapter is to provide a description of the methods used for in vitro assay of flagellar dyneins. In general, the assay involves videomicroscopic observation of microtubule translocation across a slide surface to which purified dynein or dynein subunits have been adsorbed. These assays have proven useful in the study of dynein derived from Tetrahymena cilia, sea urchin sperm flagella, Paramecium cilia, and Chlamydomonas flagella. Most assays described to date make use of taxol-stabilized microtubules assembled from purified tubulin from either bovine or porcine brain. The chapter details the process of purification involving both cycles of assembly and disassembly and purification by chromatography. Dark-field microscopy has been used coupled to a silicon-intensified target camera to record microtubule movement on videotape. Both upright and inverted microscopes have been utilized. The experiment has been described with data analysis done. The primary measurement is the velocity of microtubule translocation.
An Empirical Framework and Teaching Note for Introducing Financial Management in the First MBA Core Class

The purpose of this teaching note is to introduce MBA students to the issues: "What do firms do about financing, investing, profiting and payout?" during the first week of a core MBA class. By introducing the students to these financial management issues together with economy-wide financial ratios at the beginning of the course, we strive to provide students intuition and insight into the theory and practice of financial management and remove some of the naivete about the subject. As a result, students better understand the "what, why and how" of financial decision making as it is covered throughout the course.
Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean

[1] Global ocean acidification is a prominent, inexorable change associated with rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 . Here we present the first basin-wide direct observations of recently declining pH, along with estimates of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic contributions to that signal. Along 152°W in the North Pacific Ocean (22-56°N), pH changes between 1991 and 2006 were essentially zero below about 800 m depth. However, in the upper 500 m, significant pH changes, as large as -0.06, were observed. Anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic contributions over the upper 800 m are estimated to be of similar magnitude. In the surface mixed layer (depths to ~100 m), the extent of pH change is consistent with that expected under conditions of seawater/ atmosphere equilibration, with an average rate of change of -0.0017/yr. Future mixed layer changes can be expected to closely mirror changes in atmospheric CO 2 , with surface seawater pH continuing to fall as atmospheric CO 2 rises.
Social networking and culturally situated design teaching tools: providing a collaborative environment for k-12

For over 25 years, HCI researchers and developers have been challenged with improving usability of products. More recently, the Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) community has focused on developing collaborative systems but even though social interaction was recognized the emphasis was on work. The widespread use of the Internet by millions of diverse users for socializing is a new phenomenon that raises new issues for researchers and developers. Just designing for usability is not enough; we need to understand how technology can support social interaction and design for sociability. Moreover, increasing accessibility to Computer Science and Technology is essential for a discipline that relies on creativity and diverse perspectives. With the educational research community having begun to explore the causes behind the under representation of females and students of color in computing courses, outreach efforts have commenced to overcome these enrollment discrepancies.
Frontline Activists: Mexicana Care Workers, Subjectivity, and the Defense of the Elderly

In this article, I focus on Mexican immigrant women who, as care workers in various care settings in the wealthy city of Santa Barbara, California, attempt to defend aging Americans patients from devaluation and harm. To understand why vulnerable women defend more privileged citizens of the nation, I address Mexicana subjectivity. I argue that neoliberal policies have created multiple vulnerabilities for Mexican women and it is in formal care contexts where these vulnerabilities intertwine with that of their patients. Workers' feelings of shame, complicity, and empathy help explain a defense of the Other. A significant form of defense is informal sector family-based care. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2009 and 2011.
Tunable solid-state fluorescent materials for supramolecular encryption

Tunable solid-state fluorescent materials are ideal for applications in security printing technologies. A document possesses a high level of security if its encrypted information can be authenticated without being decoded, while also being resistant to counterfeiting. Herein, we describe a heterorotaxane with tunable solid-state fluorescent emissions enabled through reversible manipulation of its aggregation by supramolecular encapsulation. The dynamic nature of this fluorescent material is based on a complex set of equilibria, whose fluorescence output depends non-linearly on the chemical inputs and the composition of the paper. By applying this system in fluorescent security inks, the information encoded in polychromic images can be protected in such a way that it is close to impossible to reverse engineer, as well as being easy to verify. This system constitutes a unique application of responsive complex equilibria in the form of a cryptographic algorithm that protects valuable information printed using tunable solid-state fluorescent materials.
Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. II. Effects of elimination of most microneurons with prolonged x-irradiation started at four days.

The heads of Long-Evans rats were irradiated from the fourth day after birth with a schedule of repeated doses of low-level x-ray which essentially prevented the formation of basket, stellate and granule cells in all except the earliest-forming lobules (nodulus and uvula). The morphogenic and synaptogenic effects of this treatment were examined with light and electron microscopy in 30 day old animals, with particular attention paid to the pyramis. Although when irradiation was started the Purkinje cells formed a monolayer and had upward oriented apical poles, they became scattered later and had randomly oriented dendrites. This secondary disorientation was attributed to insufficient space available in the arrested cerebellum for the rapidly expanding Purkinje cells. Although basket cell terminals were scarce, basket cell-like terminals were formed on the somata of Purkinje cells, apparently by recurrent axon collaterals of these cells. The most common synapses with the thorns of Purkinje dendrites were formed by climbing fibers but other elements, including glial processes, were also in contact with postsynaptic loci on the thorns. Many mossy fiber terminals reached the surface. Where parallel fibers were present they were often thicker than in unirradiated animals and contained neurofilaments. No pathological changes were seen in these cerebella, with the possible exception of excessive lobulation of the nuclei of many Purkinje cells.