cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Endogenous Insulin Receptor-related Receptor in Neuroblastomas

A gene encoding a putative third member of the insulin receptor family (called the insulin receptor-related receptor or IRR) was isolated in 1989. However, the naturally occurring protein product encoded by this gene has yet to be described. In the present studies, we have generated four monoclonal antibodies to a recombinantly expressed chimera, which contains the extracellular domain of human IRR. These antibodies were found to specifically recognize the chimeric IRR (and not the insulin or insulin-like growth factor I receptors), and two of the antibodies were capable of acting as partial agonists in the cells expressing the chimeric IRR. These antibodies have therefore been utilized to study the expression and properties of the native receptor. In contrast to the two other members of this receptor family, the endogenous IRR protein had only a very limited expression, being detected only in neuroblastomas. In primary neuroblastomas, the levels of the receptor were highest in samples from stage A tumors (those which are generally more highly differentiated and have higher levels of the nerve growth factor receptor). The endogenous IRR could also be detected in a neuroblastoma cell line (called IMR-5 cells). In these cells, IRR could be shown to be partly present as a hybrid with the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors but not with the receptor for nerve growth factor. The intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of this endogenous IRR was activated by the agonist monoclonal antibody to IRR but not by nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, or insulin. Finally, this monoclonal antibody was found to stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in these cells. In summary, these studies demonstrate for the first time that the IRR protein is normally expressed, that its levels are highest in neuronal tissues, and that it can form hybrid receptors with the two other members of this receptor family but not with the more distantly related nerve growth factor receptor.
The realm of the visual: Agency and modern civil society

Everyday acts of seeing and knowing enable persons as actors and consumers to constitute their identities and construct meaning from their world. Taken in the aggregate, these individual acts harness the agency of participants in shaping their societies and scrutinising their nation-states. The argument implicit in these two statements is that the study of popular culture points us to modern acts of discernment, identity-formation, and passionate activism. Aggregation matters, for it brings together individual and (various) collective interests. Working through the familiar and the new, the local and the global, popular culture refracts and mediates these interactions and their aggregation.It is through popular cultural artifacts that historians may trace evidence of the ways in which the agency of viewers/consumers impels a civil society to grapple with change, to process change through indigenous sociologies of knowledge so that it can be naturalised and accommodated. I would argue that the visual realm...
Factors affecting instruction in interpersonal competence

This study was designed to determine the factors which may affect learning in interpersonal communication instruction. The instructional program had two broad learning objectives: the development of interpersonal competence skills and the cognitive understanding of concepts and constructs associated with the literature of interpersonal communication. Results showed that group performance scores, the measure of achievement in interpersonal skills, were significantly related to learner's perceptions of their group leader's empathy, learner's perceptions of their group's effectiveness, learner's sex and class status, learner's previous achievement, and learner's interpersonal competence as perceived by other members of their small group. Test scores, the measure of cognitive achievement, were significantly associated wth learner's previous record of achievement, learner's class standing, and learner's degree of flexibility/acceptance skills as perceived by other members of their small group. Instructional im...
Effects of Additional Vitamins, Minerals, or Brewer’s Yeast upon Leg Weaknesses in Broiler Chickens

Abstract Leg weaknesses occurring in commercial broiler chickens were studied in three experiments. No significant improvement was obtained by added dietary levels of known anti-perotic factors. Definite improvements in leg weaknesses occurred when the complete, practical diet was supplemented with 2.5 and 5.0% brewer's dried yeast.
Late-Onset Auditory Deprivation: A Review of Past Research and an Assessment of Future Research Needs

This paper includes an overview of the research on late-onset auditory deprivation, an evaluation of the evidence from retrospective and prospective studies, recommendations for future research, and a consideration of the theoretical and clinical implications of the research.The studies reviewed off
An in vitro model for studying the effects of continuous ethanol exposure on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function

Abstract Long-term ethanol exposure has deleterious effects on both glial and neuronal function. We assessed alterations in both astrocytic and neuronal viability, and alterations in N -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function, in cocultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) and astrocytes after continuous ethanol exposure (CEE). Treatment of cells with 100 mM EtOH once every 24 h for 4 days resulted in a mean ethanol concentration of 57.3 ± 2.1 mM. Comparisons between control and post–ethanol-treated cells were made 4 days after the last ethanol treatment. CEE did not alter glial cell viability, as indicated by the absence of either changes in astrocytic morphology, actin depolymerization, or disruption of astrocytic intracellular mitochondrial distribution at any day postethanol treatment. The CGCs were healthy and viable after CEE, as indicated by phase-contrast microscopy and the trypan-blue exclusion method. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments indicated that NMDA-induced currents (I NMDA ) were altered by CEE treatment. Similar to previous results obtained during the withdrawal phase from chronic ethanol exposure, I NMDA from CEE-treated cells were significantly larger than I NMDA from NMDARs in control CGCs, but returned to control values by the fourth day post-CEE. However, after the last ethanol dosing and during a time when ethanol concentrations remained high, I NMDA were significantly smaller than control values. Identical results were observed in CGCs expressing the NR2A or NR2B subunit. In summary, both neurons and astrocytes remained healthy following exposure to CEE with no signs of neurotoxicity at the cellular level, and modulation of NMDAR function is consistent with findings from prior experiments. Thus, we conclude that the CEE paradigm in glial–neuronal cocultures readily lends itself to long-term in vitro studies of ethanol effects that include glial–neuronal interactions and the ability to study ethanol withdrawal-induced neurotoxicity.
A Josephson tunnelling logic adder

The design of a one-bit full adder circuit based on a family of simple Josephson logic gates is considered. The adder circuit was fabricated using a 25μm minimum linewidth technology and was found to operate, even with the large devices used, with an add time far superior to existing semiconductor adder circuits.
START: stimulus and response tools for experiments in memory, learning, cognition, and perception

Goals of the Package One goal common to many psychology departments is to provide undergraduate students with "hands-on" laboratory experience. This experience normally includes the design, execution, and reporting of one or more psychological experiments. One major dilemma, faced by nearly all instructors, is the creation of a feasible and in~erest.in~ research application that can be accomplished III a limited amount of laboratory time. This dilemma is amplified by the need for specialized research equipment and high-level skills to operate that equipment. To overcome some of these problems, we developed ~TART: Stimulus and Response Tools for Experiments III Memory, Learning, Cognition, and Perception. The package consists of 11 computer programs written in Applesoft BASIC for the Apple II and Apple lIe series microcomputers. Although a printer is optional, 48K of memory is required. One program requires a color monitor. The programs and manual facilitate the collection of meaningful data in a short amount of time with small sample sizes (N ::s; 10). To create a limited form of problem solving, we have deliberately provided unstructured proj~cts. The specific hypotheses and actual research design (independent and dependent variables, etc.) are left to the instructor and students. These issues usually depend upon subject and time resources. Students may use themselves or fellow laboratory students as subjects.
Low Socioeconomic Status and Female-Biased Parental Investment: The Mukogodo Example

Hierarchies of wealth and ethnic prestige among East African herders present an opportunity to test the Trivers-Willard hypothesis that low socioeconomic status should correlate with female biases in parental investment. The Mukogodo are at the bottom of such a regional hierarchy due to their poverty and low status as former hunters. As a result of these factors, Mukogodo men have lower polygyny rates than their neighbors, and Mukogodo women have higher mean reproductive success than Mukogodo men. The data fulfill the prediction that there should be a bias in parental investment in favor of daughters. The sex ratio of the 0–4 age group and the reported sex ratio at birth are both female-biased. Although there is no evidence of infanticide, sons may be neglected in favor of daughters. Evidence from a dispensary and from a clinic run by a Catholic mission both show that the Mukogodo take daughters for treatment more often than they take sons. Also, daughters may be nursed longer than sons.
Research on application of DC emergency power control to improve the transmission capacity of UHV AC demonstration project

The steady-state stability of UHV demonstration project is low due to large interconnection impedance. In this paper, a DC emergency power control strategy is proposed to improve UHV demonstration project transmission capability by using DC fast adjustment to restrain the tie -line power variation and decrease UHV power oscillation peak value. The simulation results show that the North and Central China interconnection power grid can keep synchronization stability during disturbance or power shortage, after the proposed DC emergency power control strategy has been applied. The proposed control strategy can be widely applied in China to effectively improve the stability of North and Central China interconnection power grid during disturbance.
Simulations of self-assembling systems

The previous focus on the thermodynamics of self-assembly of surfactants in solution through simulations is now being expanded to include phenomena in the fluid dynamic regime. This expansion implies that a formal edifice must be built to link molecular dynamics smoothly to mesoscopic and macroscopic length and time scales. We summarize and comment on recent trends in this area along with new results based on classical approaches. The latter include molecular dynamics as well as off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations and lattice-based Guggenheim-type models.
Limit on νe mass from observation of the beta decay of molecular tritium

Abstract We report the most sensitive upper limit set on the mass of the electron antineutrino. The upper limit of 9.4 eV (95% confidence level) was obtained from a study of the shape of the beta decay spectrum of free molecular tritium. Achieving such a level of sensitivity required precise determinations of all processes that modify the shape of the observed spectrum. This result is in clear disagreement with a reported value for the mass of 26(5) eV.
Paper: Nonlinear system identification with limited time data

With disturbances modeled by arbitrary solutions to a linear homogeneous differential equation, a least squares-equation error method is developed for parameter identification using data over a limited time interval which has application to certain classes of nonlinear and time varying systems. Examples include the Duffing, Hammerstein, Mathieu and Van der Pol equations together with a class of bilinear systems. The technique seeks to determine the parameters characterizing the disturbance modes in addition to the system parameters, based on the input-output data collected over the finite time interval. The approach circumvents the need to estimate unknown initial conditions through the use of a certain projection operator. Computational considerations are discussed and simulation results are summarized for the Van der Pol equation.
Gastroduodenal reflux induces group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 expression and activity in murine esophagus

Exposure of esophageal epithelium to gastric and duodenal contents results in the histologic changes of hyperproliferation and mucosal thickening. We have previously shown that presence of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) is necessary to produce these histologic changes in a murine model of gastroduodenal reflux. We sought to determine the influence of gastroduodenal reflux (GDR) on sPLA(2) protein and mRNA levels as well as enzyme activity in esophageal tissue. BALB/c (sPLA(2)(+/+)) mice (n= 28) underwent side-to-side surgical anastomosis of the first portion of the duodenum and GE junction (DGEA) resulting in continuous exposure of esophageal mucosa to mixed gastric and duodenal contents. Sham control mice (n= 14) underwent laparotomy, esophagotomy and closure. Real-time RT PCR was used to quantitate the influence of GDR on group IIa sPLA(2) expression. Immunofluorescent staining was quantitated by digital microscopy using a specific antibody to identify and locate sPLA(2) protein. A colorimetric assay was used to quantify total sPLA(2) activity after standardization of protein levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t-test. Group IIa sPLA(2) mRNA and protein levels were increased at 4 and 8 weeks compared with sham controls. This increase occurred in a time-dependent manner and correlated with esophageal mucosal thickness. Furthermore, sPLA(2) enzyme activity was increased significantly at 4 and 8 weeks compared with untreated controls. The expression of group IIa sPLA(2) as well as sPLA(2) activity is induced by GDR. This novel finding indicates that sPLA(2) may play a role in the development of the histologic changes produced by GDR in esophageal mucosa.
Rational delay-function approximations to ex

The application of various-order Pade approximants to the ideal delay function e-τes is presented. The relationship between Pade approximants and Lagrange's continued-fraction expansion as applied to e-τs is examined. The unit step response of e-τes is examined with emphasis on the risetime/delay-time ratio and the percentage peak overshoot and undershoot.
Interprosthetic femoral fractures treated with locking plate.

Purpose Interprosthetic fractures are challenging to manage. Although treatment of femoral fractures around a single implant has been described, there is little literature for treatment of interprosthetic femoral fractures. This study analyses the management and outcomes of 15 patients with interprosthetic femoral fractures treated with locking plates.
Effects of randomizing phase on the discrimination between amplitude-modulated and quasi-frequency-modulated tones.

Abstract This study investigated the bandwidth of phase sensitivity. Subjects discriminated amplitude-modulated tones (AM), and quasi-frequency-modulated tones (QFM) in a two-interval, forced-choice task. An adaptive threshold procedure was used to estimate the modulation depth needed to discriminate the stimuli as a function of carrier and modulation frequency. Non-monotonicities in threshold-bandwidth functions were often observed at higher modulation frequencies. The results are discussed in terms of two potential cues: (1) waveform envelope, (2) cubic distortion products. In order to degrade the information obtained from auditory distortions, the phase for the carrier frequency was randomly sampled from a uniform distribution, which diminished the non-monotonicities with minimal effect at lower modulation frequencies. Model simulations demonstrated that phase randomization degrades distortion product cues with only a modest effect on temporal cues. Final results show that maximum bandwidths for phase sensitivity (BWmax) were not proportional to carrier frequencies.
Analysis of Tube Extrusion

Two solutions for the detailed mechanics of tube extrusion are presented. One is based on the theoretical velocity field, and the other on the flow field observed experimentally. The theoretical solution makes use of admissible velocity fields containing no velocity discontinuities. Experimental flow patterns are obtained for commercially pure lead and a superplastic alloy of the eutectic of lead and tin. The two solutions are compared in terms of velocity components, grid distortions, and strain and stress distributions, and very good agreement between the two solutions is revealed.
A Critical Appraisal of Learner Training: Theoretical Bases and Teaching Implications

In recent years, characteristics of the good language learner have been identified and classified. It has been proposed that learning strategies based on these characteristics can be taught to students, and a number of resource materials for learner training are available. However, published data indicate that success in language learning may be more complex than such an approach would suggest. Attempts to translate the theory behind learner training into practice have produced only qualified success. Among some of the factors complicating implementation of learner training are cultural differences, age, educational background of students, students' and teachers' beliefs about language learning, and varying cognitive styles. Until empirical data, particularly in the form of longitudinal studies, are gathered to answer questions about the usefulness of learner training, teachers should approach the implementation of learner training in the classroom with caution.
Direct novelregulation of cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthase by human chorionic gonadotropin in the human amnion

Summary Human amnion contains hCG/LH receptors which makes it a direct target of regulation by hCG in amniotic fluid. Treatment of amnion cells with highly purified hCG resulted in an increase of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase and PGI 2 synthase enzymes. The hCG effects are dose dependent requiring lower concentrations for maximal increase of cyclooxygenase as compared to PGI 2 synthase. The hCG effects were seen in monolayer cultured cells as well as in those incubated immediately after isolation. Increasing hCG concentrations also down regulated its own receptors in amnion cells. In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate that hCG can directly regulate eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway in human amnion.
Manifestly positive-energy expression in classical gravity: Simplified derivation from supergravity

A simplified derivation of Witten's expression for the total energy-momentum in classical general relativity is given. The starting point is the supersymmetry transformation law of the surface integral giving the supercharge in supergravity.
Star-critical Ramsey numbers

The graph Ramsey numberR(G,H) is the smallest integer r such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K"r contains either a red copy of G or a blue copy of H. We find the largest star that can be removed from K"r such that the underlying graph is still forced to have a red G or a blue H. Thus, we introduce the star-critical Ramsey numberr"*(G,H) as the smallest integer k such that every 2-coloring of the edges of K"r-K"1","r"-"1"-"k contains either a red copy of G or a blue copy of H. We find the star-critical Ramsey number for trees versus complete graphs, multiple copies of K"2 and K"3, and paths versus a 4-cycle. In addition to finding the star-critical Ramsey numbers, the critical graphs are classified for R(T"n,K"m), R(nK"2,mK"2) and R(P"n,C"4).
Problem Solving by Career Assessment: Some Issues Clients Need to Consider

"I want to take the test that told my roommate what to do, My advisor said you have a test for undeclared students, and I need a major before I can register" are familiar statements for most counselors. A problem solving model at first glance appears to be an ideal framework for career clients who request career assessment as an approach to career planning. After all, the client has sought out counseling (general orientation), states the need for career assessment (problem definition and formulation), wants to look at career options (generating alternatives), and intends to choose a career (decision making). This closely follows the process model of problem solving reviewed by Heppner (1978). Despite the fact that career assessment can do several positive things (confirm tentative choices, increase self-awareness, and generate alternatives), a second glance at career assessment raises some questions about its utility as a solution for the problem of career choice. What if career assessment is requested because the client feels a lack of confidence in his or her problem solving ability, has been avoiding career planning, or has little sense of personal control in the area of career choice? Heppner and Petersen (1982) found these factors to be important for effective problem solving. Career assessment is unlikely to be productive if the client requests it while poorly prepared to engage in subsequent problem solving. What if career assessment is the client's final effort at career planning and will lead to a premature choice that has not considered related issues? The client who requests a career assessment instrument
Cold free-radical molecules in the laboratory frame

A special class of molecules that are important to many subfields in molecular dynamics and chemical physics, namely free-radical molecules, now enjoy a significant degree of center-of-mass motion control in the laboratory frame. The example reported in this paper concerns the hydroxyl radical $(\mathrm{OH})$, which, after the internal degrees of freedom are cooled in a supersonic expansion, has been bunched, accelerated, and slowed using time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields. In situ observations of laser-induced fluorescence along the beam propagation path allows for detailed characterization of the longitudinal phase-space manipulation of $\mathrm{OH}$ molecules by the electric fields. The creation of a pulse containing ${10}^{3}--{10}^{6}$ molecules possessing a longitudinal velocity spread from 2 to $80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ around a mean laboratory velocity variable from $550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$ to rest with only a few mm spatial extent represents an exciting and useful experimental capability for exploring free-radical dynamics.
Recent Advances in the Design of Polymerizable Lyotropic Liquid‐Crystal Assemblies for Heterogeneous Catalysis and Selective Separations

Organic lyotropic liquid-crystal (LLC) assemblies mimic molecular sieves in their nanoporous structures and their ability to incorporate catalytic functional groups. This article focuses on recent advances made by our research group in incorporating new catalytic properties into polymerizable LLC assemblies and studying the molecular-transport properties of the crosslinked networks.
Real Time Cr Measurement Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy During Direct Metal Deposition Process

Real-time chromium composition analysis during direct metal deposition of pure chromium and H13 tool steel materials was performed using optical emission spectroscopy of the laser-induced plasma. Four second-order polynomial calibration curves were constructed using spectral line intensity ratios between two neutral chromium lines and two neutral iron lines. Second-order polynomial calibration curves were also formed using plasma temperature and electron density. The plasma temperature was obtained using Boltzmann plot of nine neutral iron lines between 370 nm and 390 nm. The electron density was estimated using Stark broadening of Fe-I line at 426.047 nm. Chromium concentration in the range from 10% to 60% was measured using these calibration curves in real-time during synthesis process and verified from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the manufactured parts. The measurement from line intensity ratio calibration curve is more accurate and has less standard deviation than that from plasma temperature and electron density calibration curves. The accuracy of the measured chromium concentration is within 2.78% in at.% and the average resolution of the measurement is around 5.12% in at.% from the averaged values of four line intensity ratio calibration curves.
Acoustic Emission and Low-Temperature Calorimetry Study of Freeze and Thaw Behavior in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Sodium Chloride Salt

This paper describes a series of experiments that were performed to assess the freeze-thaw behavior of mortar specimens exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. A low-temperature longitudinal guarded comparative calorimeter was used to perform cyclic freeze-thaw testing on mortar specimens saturated with NaCl solutions. Heat flow and acoustic emission activity were monitored during the freeze-thaw experiment to detect ice formation and cracking. Although the conventional water-NaCl phase diagram would suggest that no freezing or damage would occur in specimens saturated with 15% and 23.3% NaCl solution by mass within the applied freeze-thaw temperature range, damage was observed. For these specimens, an additional heat flow peak attributed to an unexpected phase change, accompanied by acoustic activity, was detected at a temperature higher than the expected freezing point. For better understanding of the source of this damage, a low-temperature differential scanning calorimeter was used to investigate...
Sources of superior performance: market share versus industry effects in the U. S. brewing industry

Using financial measures of performance we investigate the sources of value creation in the U.S. brewing industry between 1969 and 1979. We find that market share gains in this industry at this time are not correlated with changes in value and that the performance of individual leading firms is highly correlated. Our interpretation is that the success of market share building strategies depends critically on specific industry conditions. Specifically, in the absence of fundamental shifts in the relative resource positions of individual firms, share gains may come at too high a price. In addition, the research shows that intra-industry correlations in returns may result from excessive competition rather than collusion.
Qualitative analysis of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with multiple delays

It is well known that a class of artificial neural networks with symmetric interconnections and without transmission delays, known as Cohen-Grossberg neural networks, possesses global stability (i.e., all trajectories tend to some equilibrium). We demonstrate in the present paper that many of the qualitative properties of Cohen-Grossberg networks will not be affected by the introduction of sufficiently small delays. Specifically, we establish some bound conditions for the time delays under which a given Cohen-Grossberg network with multiple delays is globally stable and possesses the same asymptotically stable equilibria as the corresponding network without delays. An effective method of determining the asymptotic stability of an equilibrium of a Cohen-Grossberg network with multiple delays is also presented. The present results are motivated by some of the authors earlier work [Phys. Rev. E 50, 4206 (1994)] and by some of the work of Marcus and Westervelt [Phys. Rev. A 39, 347 (1989)]. These works address qualitative analyses of Hopfield neural networks with one time delay. The present work generalizes these results to Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with multiple time delays. Hopfield neural networks constitute special cases of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks.
The chemistry of octamethyl-1,2-disilacyclobutane. Some SiSi cleavage and insertion reactions

Abstract Octamethyl-1,2-disilacyclobutane is very air-sensitive. Its SiSi bond is readily cleaved by water, HCl, CF 3 CO 2 H, Cl 2 , Br 2 and organolithium reagents. In the presence of (Ph 3 P) 2 PdCl 2 , various acetylenes, conjugated dienes and allene insert into the SiSi bond of the disilacyclobutane. The stoichiometric reaction of the disilacyclobutane and (Ph 3 P) 2 PdCl 2 gave ClMe 2 SiCMe 2 CMe 2 SiMe 2 Cl and the 1,1-bis(triphenylphosphine)-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octamethyl-1-pallada-2,5-disilacyclopentane. The latter reacted with phenylacetylene to give the same product which was obtained in the catalyzed reaction. This suggests that the catalyzed process involves initial reduction of (Ph 3 P) 2 PdCl 2 to (Ph 3 P) 2 Pd and insertion of the latter into the SiSi bond of the disilacyclobutane.
Metal and transuranic records in mussel shells, byssal threads and tissues

Abstract Bivalve shells offer several advantages over tissues for the monitoring of heavy metal pollutants in the marine environment. They are easier to handle and to store. The problem of whether to depurate the animals before analyses is avoided. The shells appear to be more sensitive to environmental heavy metals levels over the long term than do the soft parts. Of the substances examined (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Ni, 238 Pu and 239 + 240 Pu) only Pb and Pu displayed a strong covariance between soft tissue and shell concentrations. There were strong correlations between metals in the shell but not in the soft tissues in general. The byssal threads, because of their enrichment of transuranic elements and of their ease in handling, may be useful in monitoring these metals. A very weak discharge of 238 Pu to marine waters adjacent to a nuclear reactor was detected in the byssal threads of mussels.
Superinduction of ornithine decarboxylase by Actinomycin D and Cordycepin

Abstract Cordycepin and Actinomycin D when added 2.0 – 3.5 hrs. following the addition of serum or serum and dibutyryl cAMP to quiescent cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells, resulted in “superinduction” of ornithine decarboxylase at 4 hrs. If these agents were added from 0 to 2 hrs after stimulation, ornithine decarboxylase induction was diminished. In contrast, similar treatments with Puromycin or Cycloheximide did not enhance ornithine decarboxylase above serum or dibutyryl cAMP stimulated levels, but always attenuated its induction at all time intervals tested. Dibutyryl cAMP induced ornithine decarboxylase above the serum stimulated levels only when added during the initial 2 hrs. after stimulation with serum. These data and other observations presented suggest that transcriptional processes leading to the induction of ornithine decarboxylase occur primarily during the initial 2 hrs. after refeeding with serum and that the major action of dibutyryl cAMP in the induction of this enzyme appears to be at pretranslational sites.
Integrating social network analysis with analytic network process for international development project selection

We study the link between social network analysis and project selection.We develop a multi-criteria model to integrate social network information into project selection.We calculate social network criteria from a research for development network.The presented model is extendable to a variety of project selection decision processes. The social relationships between development agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies, and other groups working on development projects play an important role in the overall success of projects. However, traditional project selection and prioritization processes ignore the organizational relationships. This paper proposes to integrate social network analysis into multi-criteria decision-making processes to enhance the effectiveness of project selection. A set of topological metrics of social network are used to quantitatively measure the organizational relationships and integrated into the analytic network process (ANP) to form a multi-criteria ANP project selection model. Utilizing empirical social network data of a water and food security research for development network in the Mekong River Basin, we investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that it will offer companies, government agencies, and other donor organizations the opportunity to prioritize strategic network goals simultaneously with research and development priorities, and help companies and research organizations to increase their impact and reach within networks.
Daily fluctuations in Honolulu motor vehicle accidents

Changes in daily motor vehicle accidents during 1990 are examined for the City and County of Honolulu. Adjusting for changed reporting criteria, daily accidents fluctuate according to an interaction between traffic volume, weekday travel patterns, holidays and weather. Fridays, particularly, and Saturdays have more daily accidents. Minor holidays generate more daily accidents, but major holidays generate fewer daily accidents, primarily because of lower traffic volume. Rainfall increases the risk of accidents substantially. The interaction between afternoons and rainfall is particularly dangerous. Unemployment also appears to reduce daily accidents.
An electrophoretic analysis of plasma proteins of selected birds and snakes.

Abstract 1. 1. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis of plasma proteins of eight species of vertebrates revealed that this technique is of value in phylogenetic studies. 2. 2. The technique was able to determine specific patterns at the subspecies level in the order Squamata of the class Reptilia and generally supported traditional taxonomic inter-relationships of the family Accipitridae and order Passeriformes in the class Aves.
SU-E-T-300: Spatial Variations of Multiple Off-Axial Targets for a Single Isocenter SRS Treatment Plan in ExacTrac 6D Robotic Couch System

Purpose: To evaluate the spatial variations of multiple off-axial targets for a single isocenter stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment plan in ExacTrac 6D robotic couch system (BrainLab AG). Methods: Five metallic ball bearing (BB) markers were placed sparsely in 3D off-axial locations (non-coplanar) inside a skull phantom as the representatives of multiple targets mimicking multiple brain metastases. The locations of the BB markers were carefully chosen to minimize overlapping of each other in a port imaging detector plane. The skull phantom was immobilized by a frameless mask and CT scanned with a BrainLab Head and Neck Localizer using a GE Optima MDCT scanner. The CT images were exported to iPlan software (BrainLab AG) and a multiple target PTV was drawn by combining all the contours of the BBs. The margin of the MLC opening was selected as 3 mm expansion outward. Two coplanar arc beams were placed to generate a single isocenter SRS plan to treat the PTV. The arc beams were delivered using Novalis Tx system with portal imaging acquisition mode per 10% temporal resolution. The locations of the BBs were visualized and analyzed with respect to the MLC aperture in the treatment plan similar to the Winston-Lutz test. Results:more » All the BBs were clearly identified inside the MLC openings. The positional errors for the BBs were overall less than 1 mm along the rotational path of the two arcs. Conclusion: This study verified that the spatial deviations of multiple off-axial targets for a single isocenter SRS treatment plan is within sub-millimeter range in ExacTrac 6D robotic couch system. Accompanied with the Winston-Lutz test, this test will quality-assure the spatial accuracies of the isocenter as well as the positions of multiple off-axial targets for the SRS treatment using a single isocenter multiple target treatment plan.« less
Cardiac valve operations using a partial sternotomy (lower half) technique.

Background and Aim: Operations on cardiac valves are being performed more frequently through smaller incisions than traditional midline sternotomy. A variety of alternate incisions have been used, but most of the interest appears to focus on partial sternotomy. The purpose of the study was to review results using a partial lower sternotomy for cardiac valve operations. Methods: A standard partial lower one-half or two-thirds sternotomy was used for cardiac valve operations in 112 patients. The sternum was divided transversely in the third or second intercostal space and vertically from that point through the xyphoid process. Standard instruments and retraction devices were used. This incision provided adequate exposure for even complex operations to be performed. Small cannulae were placed into the aorta and heart through the primary incision for cardiopulmonary bypass. Vacuum-assisted venous drainage was used. Results: Seventy-four single valve operations were performed. There were 35 double valve and 5 triple valve operations (35.4%) performed. Operative mortality (5.3%) and major complication rates were comparable to full the sternotomy approach. Conclusions: Partial sternotomy (lower half) provides a smaller incision through which virtually all cardiac valve operations may be performed. Results achieved with this approach are similar to those associated with full sternotomy. The smaller incision is appreciated by patients.
Present Trends in Space Batteries for the 1980's

In this paper, trends in spacecraft battery development are analyzed and expectations for batteries through the 1980's are given. It is expected that nickel-cadmium batteries wi l l continue as the major power storage unit aboard spacecraft until the mid-1980's. The nickel-hydrogen battery is expected to demonstrate its spacecraft worthiness in 1977. In the early 1980's it should begin to replace the nickel-cadmium batteries. A silver-hydrogen space battery will be developed soon which has some advantages over both nickel-cadmium and nickelhydrogen. It will be used in cases where higher energy density at the expense of cycle life is justified. Improvements in light weight hardware and plate fabrication processes for nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries are expected to enhance their specific energy. The new plates should also improve their performance and make the nickel-hydrogen system a more viable low-Earth-orbit battery. In cases where power requirements exceed 25 kW the l i thium molten salt battery wil l probably come into use.
Correlation of radionuclide scintigraphy and gray-scale ultrasonography in the evaluation of hepatic disorders

Abstract We have examined 87 patients with radionuclide hepatic scintigraphy (RNS) who also have had gray-scale ultrasonography (US). A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of RNS and US. US was obtained prior to or following the RNS within I month. Proof of liver status was obtained by biopsy, laparotomy or autopsy in 50 cases. 62 cases out of 87 (71%) revealed similar information. The RNS was superior to US in I1 cases (12.5%). In another l l cases, US was not helpful. In 3 cases (4%) RNS was not helpful. We found that RNS and US are comparable and complementary in the evaluation of hepatic disorders. We feel that due to its comparability, easy and reproducible technique, and its ability to give adequate information, RNS is superior to US. Thus, RNS should be the first method of choice for initial evaluation of liver disorders. The US should be reserved for equivocal cases and in cases where further information regarding the texture of a mass is desired.
One-photon laser spectroscopy of the np and nf Rydberg series in xenon

The np[1/2] 1 and nf[3/2]1Rydberg series have been observed to n = 51 and n = 82, respectively, by one-photon laser spectroscopy from the metastable 6s′[1/2]0 state in an atomic beam. Accurate positions were measured and used, in conjunction with recently remeasured absolute energies of the excited states above the ground state, to determine a new value of the ionization limit of xenon, E0 = 97 833.81 cm−1. Possible causes of the anomalously weak intensities of the np series are discussed.
Biomolecular solid state NMR with magic-angle spinning at 25 K

A magic-angle spinning (MAS) probe has been constructed which allows the sample to be cooled with helium, while the MAS bearing and drive gases are nitrogen. The sample can be cooled to 25K using roughly 3 L/h of liquid helium, while the 4-mm diameter rotor spins at 6.7 kHz with good stability (+/-5 Hz) for many hours. Proton decoupling fields up to at least 130 kHz can be applied. This helium-cooled MAS probe enables a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments on biomolecular solids and other materials at low temperatures, with signal-to-noise proportional to 1/T. We show examples of low-temperature (13)C NMR data for two biomolecular samples, namely the peptide Abeta(14-23) in the form of amyloid fibrils and the protein HP35 in frozen glycerol/water solution. Issues related to temperature calibration, spin-lattice relaxation at low temperatures, paramagnetic doping of frozen solutions, and (13)C MAS NMR linewidths are discussed.
Variation of seismic source parameters and stress drops within a descending slab and its implications in plate mechanics

A least-squares searching technique has been developed to estimate the source dimensions of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes using azimuthal variations of body wave pulse-widths. With this method and also amplitude data, modes of rupture propagation, seismic moments, and stress drops of 17 intermediate and deep focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Kermadec region have been determined in order to investigate variations in source properties and the state of stress within the descending slab there. Three different modes of rupture; unilateral, bilateral, and circular faults, are compared and tested against observations. Results indicate that the unilateral fault is the best model for most of the earthquakes studied. Stress drops of the 17 events vary within a very large range, from 20 bar to about 4.6 kbar, and change significantly with depth. The magnitude of stress drops for depths between 220 and 430 km is very much higher than at shallower depths. This change in stress drop magnitude at about 220 km-depth seems to reflect a change in material properties both in the mantle and within the slab. Two regions of high stress drop are observed at depths of about 360 and 640 km. A relative minimum of stress drop is found at about 450–560 km where the earthquake frequency is particularly high. Earthquakes at the northern end to the Tonga arc, where the Benioff zone is laterally bent, show systematically higher stress drops than other events at comparable depths, but away from the bend. Also, events in regions of low seismicity appear to have higher stress drops than those in regions of high seismicity. The upper bound of seismic efficiency is found to decrease with depth, implying an increase of frictional force with depth at the earthquake source.
C. Wright Mills and higher immorality: implications for corporate crime, ethics, and peacemaking criminology

During the past decade, there was a resurgent tendency in criminology to explain emerging patterns of crime within the United States by referring solely to dysfunctional families or dysfunctional individuals. Other criminologists questioned these latter approaches as detaching individuals and crime from the social institutions that envelope them. In light of this recent attempt to link crime to social institutions, it seems fruitful to revisit the work of one of the most astute analysts of institutional structure: C. Wright Mills. Hence, this article begins with an overview of Mills’ sociological perspective and then shows how it provides useful insights into institutional sources of illegal behavior. The article also illustrates ways the Millsian perspective can be directly applied to an analysis of corporate crime in relation to other forms of crime emanating from the structure of contemporary U.S. society. After that, the article explores how the Millsian perspective can broaden understanding of the growing decline of ethics within America’s leading industries, governmental agencies, and the justice system. The article concludes by addressing policy implications, particularly in regard to the prospects of linking the Millsian perspective with basic tenets of peacemaking criminology.
Auger electron spectroscopic study of gun tube erosion and corrosion

Abstract Three eroded gun surfaces have been examined with the surface analytical technique of Auger electron spectroscopy. The bore surfaces are severely corroded and etched by oxidation and carburization and to lesser extents by nitridation and surfurization. The elements S, K, C, Ca, N, O and Zn have been identified to be associated with the observed erosion phenomena. From depth profile analyses of these elements, some erosion characteristics of gun tubes have been found.
Glycolic Acid Labeling During Photosynthesis with 14CO2 and Tritiated Water

Chlorella pyrenoidosa were allowed to photosynthesize for short periods of time in the presence of 14CO2 and HTO. Analysis of tritium and 14C labeling of photosynthetic intermediate compounds showed that the T/14C ratio of glycolic acid was comparable to that of intermediate compounds of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle when photosynthesis was performed in nearly 100% oxygen and only slightly higher under steady-state conditions. It is concluded that formation of labeled glycolic acid as a consequence of its proposed hydrogen transport role in photosynthesis is quantitatively of limited importance compared to the net synthesis of glycolic acid from CO2.
Age Incidence and Schizophrenia: Part II. Beyond Age Incidence

Distortions caused by age incidence can combine in a way that greatly increases their magnitude. These distortions also appear in nonseasonal studies of incidence, and their removal from data for schizophrenia reveals an unsuspected lawfulness that provides clues to the nature of that disease.
Trends in Anemia Treatment With Erythropoietin Usage and Patient Outcomes

Recombinant erythropoietin, first approved for Medicare reimbursement in June 1989, was prescribed at initial doses for dialysis patients of 2,500 to 2,700 U per administration independent of hematocrit level. By 1997, however, patients with hematocrits less than 30% were administered 6,000 U/dose, compared with 4,500 U administered to patients with hematocrits of 33% to 36%. Since 1990, the percentage of patients with hematocrits less than 30% decreased from 60% to 22% in 1997, whereas the percentage of patients with hematocrits of 33% to 36% increased from 10% to 30%. In 1997, Medicare initiated the Hematocrit Measurement Audit (HMA) policy, which was directed at reducing the percentage of claims for hematocrits greater than 36% and increasing the stability of the hematocrit levels. The policy change achieved the initial effect but resulted in a reduction of the mean hematocrit as well. The policy was changed in 1998 in response to patient and provider concerns. Mortality studies show that hematocrits less than 30% (or hemoglobin levels < 110 g/L) are associated with an 18% to 40% increased associated risk for death. Higher hematocrits of 33% to 36% appear to be associated with a 7% reduced risk for death. The risk for hospitalization parallels that of mortality. Patients with sustained hematocrits of 33% to 36% over 1 year appear to have the best outcome compared with patients with hematocrits that decrease. The latter are at greater risk than those patients in whom the hematocrits increase. In conclusion, dramatic improvements in hemodialysis patient hematocrits have occurred since 1989. Mortality and hospitalization studies support the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF DOQI) target hematocrit range of 33% to 36% as providing the best associated outcomes.