cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypercyclic Pairs of Coanalytic Toeplitz Operators

A pair of commuting operators, (A,B), on a Hilbert space \({\mathcal{H}}\) is said to be hypercyclic if there exists a vector \(x \in {\mathcal{H}}\) such that {AnBkx : n, k ≥ 0} is dense in \({\mathcal{H}}\) . If f, g ∈H∞(G) where G is an open set with finitely many components in the complex plane, then we show that the pair (M*f, M*g) of adjoints of multiplcation operators on a Hilbert space of analytic functions on G is hypercyclic if and only if the semigroup they generate contains a hypercyclic operator. However, if G has infinitely many components, then we show that there exists f, g ∈H∞(G) such that the pair (M*f, M*g) is hypercyclic but the semigroup they generate does not contain a hypercyclic operator. We also consider hypercyclic n-tuples.
Base reinforcement with biaxial geogrid : Long-term performance

In 1986 and 1990, the Georgia Department of Transportation constructed two pavement test sites to evaluate the performance of pavements with base reinforced with biaxial geogrid. The evaluations were conducted by a comparison of results from two control sections with no base reinforcement with the results of three test sections with base reinforced by geogrid placed at different depths of the base layers. The test sections also incorporated reduction of pavement section thickness with the use of geogrid. To determine the effectiveness of the geogrid application in regard to pavement cracks, rutting, and deflections, field evaluations were performed on the test and control sections shortly after construction. Construction on SR-155, Henry County, the first test site, ended in 1986; in 1987, the first evaluation was conducted. Annual evaluations were continued up to 1991. At the second test site, East Rome Bypass in Floyd County, construction ended in 1990. Baseline evaluation data were taken soon after con...
Hydrogen in metallo-organic chemically vapor-deposited ZnS thin films determined by nuclear resonance reaction analysis

Nuclear resonance reaction analysis was used to determine hydrogen concentrationin polycrystalline metallo-organic chemically vapor-deposited ZnS films produced at low substrate temperatures and pressures. This method of hydrogen content determination is quantitative and non-destructive. Other available depth profile methods, such as secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), are destructive and of limited quantitative use, as SIMS depends upon knowing accurate ionization yields for each type of matrix studied. Also, the nuclear resonance reaction analysis technique is not susceptible to vacuum artifacts associated with ion-sputtering techniques. Alteration of the H2S-to-(CH3)2Zn flow rate ratio of reactants indicates that the hydrogen in the ZnS films is associated with the dimethylzinc, and not the hydrogen sulfide reactant. Variation in the substrate deposition temperature Ts resulted in the decreased hydrogen concentration at increased Ts (in the range 50–150°C). Hydrogen concentrations varied from about 1 × 1020 to 2.0 × 1021 atoms cm−3.
Primary and preventive care in a university obstetrics and gynecology group practice

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether primary and preventive care is practiced by a university obstetrician-gynecologist group practice. Study design: A retrospective chart review spanning 2 years of four academic physicians' private practices was performed. A total of 335 patients were reviewed with 739 patient encounters and 1032 patient problems identified. The definition of a primary care physician according to The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was used to standardize data collection and evaluation. Results: Obstetric complaints accounted for 27.7% of all visits, whereas 65.4% were for gynecologic problems. Almost 7% of all complaints were neither obstetric nor gynecologic, and of those 74.6% were primary care problems completely managed by the obstetrician-gynecologist. Only 19.7% of these were referred for management. More than 89% of all encounters ( 659 739 ) involved some element of primary care. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the majority of health care provided by the obstetrician-gynecologists is primary care.
Numerical simulation of ozone production, transport and distribution with a global atmospheric general circulation model.

The production, transport, and distribution of ozone are simulated for a January with a global atmospheric general circulation model. In this model, the ozone influences the radiational heating and the photochemical ozone production and destruction, the radiational heating influences the atmospheric circulation, and the circulation redistributes the ozone. The model has simulated the synoptic and time-averaged observed large-scale fields of temperature, mass, and velocity in the troposphere and stratosphere, although with deficiencies which are seen in the time-averaged O3 distribution. Transport of ozone in the summer and winter hemispheres, in different seasons, and in various latitudes is discussed, and it is concluded that the divergence of the ozone transport maintains it below its photochemical equilibrium concentration in the tropics and subtropics, and the convergence of the ozone transport maintains it above its photochemical equilibrium concentration in the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. Thus, both the atmospheric motions and the O3 photochemistry determine the O3 sources and sinks.
Supportive care for children with cancer

In developed countries the survival rate of children with cancer exceeds 75%. Optimal supportive care is necessary to deliver the burdensome treatment protocols. As the intensity of primary treatment has escalated, so have the side effects like myelosuppression and infection. Children who receive aggressive chemotherapy have an approximately 40% chance of experiencing a febrile episode during neutropenia. Patients should be treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics even if they have been assessed as low risk. There is no proof of the usefulness of special measures concerning food products during neutropenia. In contrast to adults, most children who receive chemotherapy will have a central venous catheter inserted (≥80–90%). The two most important complications are infections and thrombosis. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) guideline in adult oncology is available to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. In highly emetogenic chemotherapy, the combination of a serotonin receptor antagonist plus a corticosteroid should be used. Pain in children with cancer is mainly therapy- or procedure-related. As in adults, the stepladder of the World Health Organization (WHO) is used as a guideline for adequate treatment of pain. It is of utmost importance that children receive optimal pain management during the initial procedures. Sedation is performed in many different ways. Palliative care starts with information about the incurability of the disease for parents, the patient, and the professionals involved. Children in palliative care for progressive cancer should be at home as much as possible, even in the terminal phase. The organization of health care and the facilities differ at a national level, so the requirements and choices for optimal care vary by country. Palliative care has to be incorporated into the structural base in the training of pediatricians and pediatric nurses. The first goal of palliative care is to reduce distressing symptoms. During the whole period of palliative care stepwise withdrawal and withholding of treatment options are important issues. The multidisciplinary approach should also span the broad field of psychosocial issues covering both the child's and the caregiver's specific psychosocial needs. Continuity of care is also depicted by contacts afterwards during family bereavement.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in patients with portal hypertension

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has revolutionized the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Its application in patients with liver disease and portal hypertension is increasing. Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for development of portal hypertension sequale such as ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and gastroesophageal varices. Bleeding esophageal and gastric varices are among the most common causes of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Thus, early detection and treatment improve the outcome in this population. EUS can improve the detection and diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices and collateral veins and can provide endoscopic therapy of gastroesophageal varices such as EUS-guided sclerotherapy of esophageal collateral vessels and EUS-guided cynoacrylate (Glue) injection of gastric varices. EUS can also provide knowledge on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy of portal hypertension. Furthermore, EUS can provide assessment and prediction of variceal recurrence after endoscopic therapy and assessment of portal hemodynamics such as E-Flow and Doppler study of the azygous and portal veins. Moreover, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration may provide cytologic diagnosis of focal hepatic tumors and analysis of free abdominal fluid. Using specialized EUS-guided needle biopsy, a sample of liver tissue can be obtained to diagnose and evaluate for chronic liver disease. EUS-guided fine needle injection can be used to study portal vein pressure and hemodynamics, and potentially could be used to assist in exact measurement of portal vein pressure and placement of intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
Differential scattering dynamics of F+CH4→HF(v,J)+CH3 via high-resolution IR laser dopplerimetry

Abstract Product recoil data from F+CH 4 →HF( v , J )+CH 3 reactive scattering are obtained using crossed supersonic jets and narrow band ( Δν≈0.0001 cm −1 ) infrared radiation laser direct absorption techniques. The high-resolution infrared radiation profiles of HF( v , J ) product exhibit extensive Doppler broadening that directly reflects quantum state-resolved translational distributions in the laboratory frame under single collision conditions. Analyses of Doppler profiles yield information on state-resolved differential cross sections into the HF( v =1) and HF( v =2) vibrational manifolds, which both identify a propensity for forward/backward scattering (|cos( θ )|≈1) over side scattering (|cos( θ )|≈0) in the center-of-mass frame.
The unimodal maximum entropy density

Abstract In this paper we show how to obtain a fully unimodal maximum entropy density estimate. We use a characterization of unimodality due to Khinchine together with some derived moment equalities to formulate the problem as a constrained maximum entropy problem for an auxiliary variable. The technique and solution are new and do not involve smoothing an empirical histogram.
Resist materials and processes for X-ray lithography

A key component that is sometimes overlooked in X-ray lithography is the resist material. The lithographic properties of these materials are extremely important if one is to take advantage of the superior lithographic performance often observed in X-ray lithography. The properties of such materials may even be more important than in conventional optical lithography, since the feature sizes delineated by this lithographic technique are much smaller. A description of X-ray resists is presented which discusses both the chemistry and the lithographic properties of these materials. The characterization and stability of these processes are highlighted.
Comparative effects of thermal acclimation and season on metabolic compensation to temperature in the hylid frogs, Pseudacris triseriata and acris crepitans

Abstract 1. 1. Measurements of oxygen consumption were made at 4–5°C intervals between 1 and 35° C on Pseudacris triseriata acclimated at 5, 15 and 25°C. 2. 2. Acclimation effects differ seasonally with no or partial compensation in spring and no compensation at intermediate temperatures but inverse at low, and partial compensation at high, temperatures in summer. 3. 3. Conspicuous metabolic plateaus are found between 5 and 10°C in spring frogs acclimated at 5 and 15°C and between 15 and 25°C for spring or 10 and 25°C for summer frogs acclimated at 25°C. 4. 4. Pseudacris has higher metabolic rates at lower temperatures than Acris .
A Comparison of Mercurian Reflectance and Spectral Quantities with Those of the Moon

We have examined previously published Earth-based telescopic spectra of Mercury with the goal of obtaining clues to the planet's surface composition. The study has three parts. First, because of suggestions that Mercury's crust may be anorthositic, we compare near-infrared spectra of Mercury with spectra of lunar anorthosites. The spectral slopes and lack of strong mineralogic absorption features make the mercurian spectra similar to spectra of lunar anorthosites. Second, we compare albedo quantities for Mercury and the Moon computed from telescopically derived photometric parameters with the laboratory albedos of returned lunar samples. The albedos calculated from the photometric parameters are much lower than those of lunar samples measured in the laboratory. Third, the mercurian spectra are interpreted in terms of the current model for the reflectance of an iron-bearing silicate regolith on an airless body. Recent steps toward quantifying this model permit estimates of the FeO content and opaque mineral abundance of the surface to be made. We find that the mercurian spectra least affected by telluric absorptions imply FeO + TiO2≈ 4%.
Design and Performance of a Heterogeneous Grid Partitioner

An important characteristic of distributed grids is that they allow geographically separated multicomputers to be tied together in a transparent virtual environment to solve large-scale computational problems. However, many of these applications require effective runtime load balancing for the resulting solutions to be viable. In this paper we present a novel latency-tolerant partitioner, called MinEX, that dynamically balances processor workloads while minimizing data movement and runtime communication for applications that are executed in a parallel distributed grid environment. We also compare the performance of MinEX with that of METIS, a popular multilevel family of partitioners, using simulated heterogeneous grid configurations. A solver for the classical N-body problem is implemented to provide a framework for the comparisons. Experimental results show that the proposed MinEX partitioner provides superior quality partitions while being competitive to METIS in terms of execution speed.
Successful collection and engraftment of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells in poorly mobilized patients receiving high-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Background: Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy is commonly used to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) into peripheral blood for progenitor cell harvest for autologous HPC transplantation. However, in up to 30% of patients, HPC are not effectively mobilized. In this study, we report the efficacy and safety profiles of a mobilization strategy using high-dose (up to 36 μg/kg) G-CSF in poorly mobilized patients. Study Design and Methods: Retrospective medical record reviews were performed for 392 patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell collection. A total of 56 patients were given high-dose G-CSF due to very ineffective mobilization and 35 of these patients underwent autologous HPC transplantation. The efficacy of mobilization, apheresis collection, and infusion were reviewed and analyzed. Results: More than 2.5 × 106 CD34/Kg were collected in 88% of patients (49 of 56) who were placed on high-dose G-CSF due to very ineffective mobilization. Of the 35 patients who underwent HPC transplantation using the progenitor cells that were mobilized with high-dose G-CSF due to very ineffective mobilization, all had rapid and complete neutrophil and platelet engraftment comparable with good mobilizers. Conclusion: We conclude that collection of HPC using hyperstimulation with G-CSF is an effective alternative approach for HPC harvest for poorly mobilized patients. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:235–241, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vibratory Compaction: II, Compaction of Angular Shapes

Experiments were conducted on compaction of steel grit in elongated cylindrical containers. The packing efficiency of angular shapes is a function of particle shape and absolute size. The derived relation between packing efficiency and particle size is similar to that for spherical systems with the addition of a shape factor. The equations allow calculation of packing fractions of multicomponent systems in terms of diameter ratios only. Application of the findings was made by loading sixteen nuclear fuel specimens by vibratory compaction.
Ankle ligament healing after an acute ankle sprain: an evidence-based approach.

Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review to determine the healing time of the lateral ankle ligaments after an acute ankle sprain. Data Sources: We identified English-language research studies from 1964 to 2007 by searching MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SportDiscus, and CINAHL using the terms ankle sprain, ankle rehabilitation, ankle injury, ligament healing, and immobilization. Study Selection: We selected studies that described randomized, controlled clinical trials measuring ligament laxity either objectively or subjectively immediately after injury and at least 1 more time after injury. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently scored the 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Because of differences in study designs, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Effect sizes and confidence intervals could be calculated only for 1 study. The percentages of subjective and objective instability were calculated for the remaining studies. Data Synthesis: Ankle laxity improved...
Primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a report of an autopsy case and review of the literature.

Anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCL) were first described by Stein et al. in 1985 as large-cell neoplasms with a pleomorphic appearance, subtotal effacement of the lymph node structure, and expression of the lymphoid activation antigen CD-30 (Ki-1). Since their first description, these tumors have been documented in a variety of extranodal sites. We report a primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a patient with advanced AIDS, who presented with hepatic failure and multiple nodules in the liver. A complete autopsy showed discrete tumor nodules throughout the entire liver without gross or microscopic involvement of lymph nodes or any other organs by the neoplastic process. The tumor cells showed typical histological and immunohistochemical features of ALCL and were strongly immunoreactive with the T-cell markers CD-3 and UCHL-1. Only one previous case of primary hepatic ALCL has been reported in the literature, and this tumor occurred in an immunocompetent patient and was not immunoreactive for B- or T-cell markers. To our knowledge, this study represents the first reported case of primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype. Additionally, this is the first case of primary hepatic ALCL reported in an AIDS patient.
Glycoprotein biosynthesis: Folic acid effects on glycoprotein:glycosyl transferase activities of rat kidney and liver

Abstract Folic acid at 14 μM to 1.4 mM increased the activity of the collagen:glc and fetuin:gal and decreased the activity of the fetuin:NANA glycoprotein:glycosyl transferases of rat liver and kidney in vitro ; highest effects were found with 1.4 mM folic acid. 1.4 mM folic acid increased kidney fetuin:gal activity 5-fold and decreased fetuin:NANA activity 3-fold. At 1.4 mM, folinic acid and p-methylaminobenzoic acid were totally inactive toward the transferases, methasquin was moderately active, and homofolic, tetrahydrohomofolic and methotrexate were very active toward the transferases. In all instances, however, the fetuin:gal and collagen:glc transferases were activated while the fetuin: NANA transferase was inhibited. From the data presented, folic acid is viewed as a possible control molecule in the synthesis of glycoprotein.
Implementation of a hospitalist-run observation unit and impact on length of stay (LOS): A brief report

BACKGROUND: While the impact of hospitalists on length of stay (LOS) for inpatient medicine services has been studied, there has been little work on the impact of hospitalist involvement in short-stay or observation units. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to examine the impact of a hospitalist-run observation unit on LOS. The secondary objective was to assess utilization of the unit through examining case-weight and LOS. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with a preimplementation/postimplementation analysis. SETTING: University Hospital, the 604-bed teaching hospital for Bexar County, San Antonio, Texas. PATIENTS: All patients discharged from the inpatient medicine and observation units with diagnoses of chest pain, asthma, syncope, cellulitis, and pyelonephritis. INTERVENTION: Creation of a hospitalist-run, nonteaching, 10-bed “Clinical Decision Unit” (CDU). MEASUREMENTS: The overall LOS of the “top 5” most common diagnoses was compared for the 12 months preimplementation and postimplementation of the unit. RESULTS: The overall LOS for all patients decreased from 2.4 to 2.2 days (P = 0.05) between the 12 months preimplementation and postimplementation. The greatest decreases were seen for cellulitis (2.4-1.9 days; P < 0.001) and asthma (2.2-1.2 days; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a hospitalist-run observation unit was associated with a significantly decreased LOS for all patients regardless of location, suggesting that the unit has led to more efficient care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010; © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Immunologic aspects of the nephrotic syndrome

The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia. All the features of this syndrome are ultimately related to increased permeability of the glomerular capillary to protein. A specific disease entity in its mildest form may result in mild proteinuria insufficient to cause hypoalbuminemia and the other physiological manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome; the same disease in another patient or at another time in the same patient may cause marked proteinuria and the nephrotic state. The principal difference between proteinuria alone and that associated with the nephrotic syndrome in any specific disease would therefore appear to be quantitative, although it is likely that other factors play a role.
Education Rights and Classroom-Based Litigation: Shifting the Boundaries of Evidence

researchers have identified elements of children's lives taking place before, within, and after school with disheartening potential to intensify these inequalities. Within schools, harm is inflicted by unequal distributions of key resources, including teachers and buildings, as well as curricular and pedagogical approaches that are often ill suited for low-income students of color (Darling-Hammond, 2000; Delpit, 1996). Earlier in childhood, even before the onset of formal education, these children suffer from unequal distributions of resources, such as health care, nutrition, safe environment, preschool, and within-home learning resources (Barton & Coley, 2009; Berliner, 2009; Rothstein, 2004). All along, social capital particularly family efficacy in the manipulation of the educational system to gain access to better resources is unequally distributed for children (Fine, 1993; Lareau, 1989; Wells & Serna, 1996). Even this short list illustrates that many key sources of inequality are not directly attributable to schools. Yet school policies can either amplify or minimize the inequalities that arise outside of school. Consider the epigraph from Anatole France and imagine a hypothetical policy that allocates a school's best teachers to only those students who are able to document the highest number of volumes in their parents' home libraries. Such a policy would tend to discriminate against students from lesswealthy families even if such a policy could be described as facially neutral and nondiscriminatory.
The Liberal Arts, Antidote for Atheism

C. S. Lewis once stated that the decline of classical learning was a contributory cause of atheism. This article explores why he made this very unusual statement, describing how Lewis saw the Classics as a literature full of gods and goddesses, providing hints of truth, giving us things to write about, and preparing for the Christian faith. Using some remarkable quotations from Virgil and Plato, Lewis demonstrated how those writers anticipated both the birth and the death of Christ. Lewis’s concept of myth, powerfully present in the Classics, shows how the Gospel story itself is a “true myth,” one with a pattern that is similar to many of the pagan myths. The personal story of Lewis himself demonstrates how the Classics, and, more broadly, the liberal arts were a testimony to the truth of God and how the Greek plays of Euripides, the philosophy of Samuel Alexander, the imagination of writer William Morris, the poetry of George Herbert, and the historical sensibility of G. K. Chesterton combined (with many other similar influences) to convince Lewis that the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ were especially a “true myth,” one that happened in history, demonstrating him to be the Son of God.
Effects of inhibitors of glycoprotein processing on oligodendroglial differentiation in primary cultures of embryonic rat brain cells.

The effects of N-linked oligosaccharide processing inhibitors on oligodendroglial differentiation were examined in cultures of embryonic rat brain cells. The glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM) and castanospermine, were found to have marked inhibitory effects on the developmental expression of oligodendroglial properties, i.e., sulfogalactolipid synthesis and 2′3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP). On the other hand, the mannosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxymannojirimycin (dMM) and swainsonine, had relatively little effects. Since both classes of inhibitors block the formation of complex-type oligosaccharide chains as revealed by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography of the glycopeptides, complex oligosaccharides oligosaccharides do not seem to play a role in oligodendroglial differentiation. The results indicate instead that the early trimming reactions involving the removal of glucose residues by processing glucosidases may be critical for the functioning of specific glycoprotein(s) essential to oligodendroglial differentiation.
The added diagnostic value of automated QT-dispersion measurements and automated ST-segment deviations in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemia.

The purpose of this study was to determine the added value of automated QT dispersion and ST-segment measurements to physician interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients with chest pain. To date, poor reproducibility of manual measurements and lack of shown added value have limited the clinical use of QT dispersion. Twelve-lead ECGs (n = 1,161) from the Milwaukee Prehospital Chest Pain Database were independently classified by 2 physicians into 3 groups (acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute cardiac ischemia (ACI), or nonischemic), and their consensus was obtained. QT-end and QT-peak dispersions were measured by a computerized system. The computer also identified ST-segment deviations. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPV) for AMI and ACI were evaluated independently and in combinations. For AMI, physicians' consensus classification was remarkably good (sensitivity, 48%, specificity, 99%). Independent classification by QT-end and QT-peak dispersions or ST deviations was not superior to the physicians' consensus. Optimal classification occurred by combining automated QT-end dispersion and ST deviations with physicians' consensus. This combination increased sensitivity for the diagnoses of AMI by 35% (65% vs 48%, P < .001) and ACI by 55% (62% vs 40%, P < .001) compared with physicians' consensus, while maintaining comparable specificity. This study supports a potential clinical role for automated QT dispersion when combined with other diagnostic methods for detecting AMI and ACI.
Histidine 265 Is Important for Covalent Catalysis by Vaccinia Topoisomerase and Is Conserved in All Eukaryotic Type I Enzymes

Vaccinia topoisomerase catalyzes DNA cleavage and rejoining via transesterification to pentapyrimidine recognition site 5′-(C/T)CCTT↓ in duplex DNA. The proposed reaction mechanism involves general-base catalysis of the attack by active site nucleophile Tyr-274 on the scissile phosphodiester and general-acid catalysis of the expulsion of the 5′-deoxyribose oxygen on the leaving DNA strand. The pKa values suggest histidine and cysteine side chains as candidates for the roles of proton acceptor and donor, respectively. To test this, we replaced each of the eight histidines and two cysteines of the vaccinia topoisomerase with alanine. Single mutants C100A and C211A and a double mutant C100A-C211A were fully active in DNA relaxation, indicating that a cysteine is not the general acid. Only one histidine mutation, H265A, affected enzyme activity. The rates of DNA relaxation, single-turnover strand cleavage, and single-turnover religation by H265A were 2 orders of magnitude lower than the wild-type rates. Yet the H265A mutation did not alter the dependence of the cleavage rate on pH, indicating that His-265 is not the general base. Replacing His-265 with glutamine or asparagine slowed DNA relaxation and single-turnover cleavage to about one-third of the wild-type rate. All three mutations, H265A, H265N, and H265Q, skewed the cleavage-religation equilibrium in favor of the covalently bound state. His-265 is strictly conserved in every member of the eukaryotic type I topoisomerase family.
Instrumental Justice and Social Econommics: Some Comments From a Marxian Perspective: Articles

In recent years justice has been a topic of increasing interest among both social economists and Marxian social theorists. However, construc? tive communication between these two schools of thought on the issue of justice has been sorely lacking. This has been primarily due to the absence of an analytical framework within which the views of social economists and Marxians can be communicated and debated. Given the common concern of social economists and Marxists with the issue of social power, this lack of communication has undoubtedly hindered the development of an adequate analysis of the relations between power and justice ? one within which the role of social theorists in the movement toward a just society can be addressed. In this context, Steven R. Hickerson [1986] has recently formulated a most valuable analysis of social justice from a particular perspective within social economics. Since the present paper contends that Hicker? son provides an especially clear statement of a framework within which the Marxian view of justice can be communicated to social economists (and vice-versa), the next section begins by briefly summarizing Hicker son's particular instrumentalist conception of justice. The consistency of the Marxian view with Hickerson s interpretation of instrumentalism is then demonstrated, with a primary focus on the forces and relations of production. The paper concludes by briefly commenting on the impli? cations of the Marxian view for the role of social scientists in the movement toward a just society. More generally, it is hoped that the present comments may help to promote a constructive debate between social economists and Marxists on the crucial issue of justice.
Identification of hemodynamic compromise by Cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease

Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) are used to identify hemodynamic compromise in symptomatic patients with carotid occlusive vascular disease, but evidence suggests that they are not equivalent. The authors studied the relationship between CVR and OEF to evaluate their equivalence and stages of hemodynamic compromise. Symptomatic patients (N = 12) with carotid occlusion were studied by stable xenon-computed tomography CBF after intravenous acetazolamide administration for CVR, followed within 24 hours by positron emission tomography (PET) for OEF. Middle cerebral artery territories were analyzed by hemisphere and level. Hemispheric subcortical white matter infarctions were graded with magnetic resonance imaging. Both hemispheric and level analysis of CVR and OEF showed a significant (P = 0.001), negative linear relationship [CVR (%) = -1.5 (OEF) + 83.4, (r = -0.57, P = 0.001, n = 24]. However, 37.5% of the hemispheres showed compromised CVR but normal OEF and were associated (P = 0.019) with subcortical white matter infarction. CMRO2 was elevated in stage II hemodynamic compromise (CVR 50%). CVR and OEF showed a significant negative linear relationship in stage II hemodynamic compromise but revealed hemispheres in hemodynamic compromise by CVR but normal OEF that were associated with subcortical white matter infarction.
Let's Publish Fewer Papers

Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan's (this issue) scientific utopia is quite appealing. The narrative of Hari Seldon's productive morning, which concludes the article, depicts many of the ideals at t...
Digital computer analysis of closed-loop systems using the number series approach

THE DEVELOPMENT of the high-speed digital computer is causing a revision of rather rigidly held concepts. For instance, it is possible to simulate completely an analog computer1 on a large-scale digital computer and achieve not only an increase in solution accuracy, but an improvement in solution speed. On the very large machines, also, one may increase the problem size beyond that possible in most analog facilities, and still retain analog computer programming ease.
Decentralized Kinematic Motion Control for Multiple Axle Compliant Framed Modular Wheeled Mobile Robots

This paper presents a kinematic motion control strategy for a multiple-axle compliant framed modular wheeled mobile robot. A decentralized master-slave type control scheme is proposed here to solve motion control problems (posture regulation, path following, and trajectory tracking) of the n-axle robot. The controller considers physical constraints on the path curvature, wheel velocity, and traction forces as well as compliance between nonholonomic axle modules of the robot. The target application is an n-axle compliant framed modular mobile robot. This robot utilizes compliant frames to couple the unicycle type axles, which facilitates a simple modular design with full suspension and advanced steering capability. Simulation results are presented and the proposed control scheme is evaluated.
Integrated circuits-their characterization and use in experimental physics

Monolithic integrated circuits have made tremendous inroads into many areas of electronics during the past year. The purpose of this paper is to characterize some of the available circuits and to discuss the problems and the possible gains in applying them to instruments used in experimental physics. Toward this end, a series of instruments are described that have been designed and constructed and are in use at this laboratory. These include a 50 mc decade prescaler, a 10 mc systems-type decade scaler, a time interval counter, an integrating analog-digital converter, and a packaged data acquisition system with a tape perforator output. These instruments are examined with regard to economy and reliability of operation. Interfacing with existing experimental equipment is discussed and solutions to problems uniquely associated with the use of integrated circuits in physics experiments are defined.
Democratic deliberation in a rhetorical republic

DEMOCRACY AND DISAGREEMENT. By Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996; pp. viii + 422. $27.95; paper $16.95. THE MILD VOICE OF REASON: DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND AMERICAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. By Joseph M. Bessette. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994; pp. xvi + 289. $32.50; paper $15.95. NORMS OF RHETORICAL CULTURE. By Thomas B. Farrell. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993; pp. x + 374. Paper $18.00. PUBLIC DELIBERATION: PLURALISM, COMPLEXITY, AND DEMOCRACY. By James Bohman. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1996; xi + 303. $30.00.
Solution configuration of stereogenic hydroxide bridges in the di-μ-hydroxo-tetrakis(S-arginine)dicobalt(III) complex ion

Abstract The solution structure of the hydroxide bridges in the anti (N)-Δ- cis (N), cis (O)-Λ- cis (N), cis (O)-di-μ-hydroxo-tetrakis(S-arginine)dicobalt(III) ion complex was determined utilizing 2D NMR NOE spectroscopy. The measured inter-proton distances in the core of the dicobalt complex reveal a non-coplanar, stereogenic, anti (H,Cα) orientation of the bridge hydrogens.
Intrinsic and extrinsic value and valuation

Examen de la theorie de la valeur (ethique) exposee par R. S. Hartman, The Structure of Value (Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, 1969).
Does surgical volume influence short-term outcomes of laparoscopic hysterectomy?

Objective To evaluate whether surgical volume has an impact on short-term outcomes of laparoscopic hysterectomy. Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of 1016 laparoscopic hysterectomies. Results The surgeons were divided into 2 groups based on a cutoff of 30 cases. Patient characteristics, the rates of laparotomy (4.5% vs 6.7%), and serious complications (3.6% vs 5.5%) were similar between 9 "high" and the remaining 39 "low volume" gynecologists, respectively ( P P Conclusion In laparoscopic hysterectomy, increasing the surgical volume can reduce the operating time and the risk for conversion to laparotomy but not the rate of serious complications.
Duality relations for models with quenched random interactions

Using duality relations, we locate the critical surfaces of a large class of systems with quenched random interactions. Our results are applicable to both discrete and continuous distributions of couplings, as well as to vacancies. The class of models considered includes the $q$-state Potts model and the Baxter model as special cases.
The interrelationships between television viewing, values and perceived well-being: A global perspective

Do global marketing efforts, for example, those using television as a medium, impact on the values and life satisfaction of people, and, if so, is the process similar or different in various regions of the world? We empirically examine the relationship between television viewing, core values (i.e., religiosity and materialism), and perceived well-being factors (e.g., perceived socioeconomic status and relative life satisfaction). Data collected from the Western developed nations (e.g., United States and New Zealand) and several culturally homogeneous regions, including New Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and the Far and Southeast, support the prevalence of diverse consumptionscapes with multiple global consumer cultures, rather than a single global culture. Globalization and advances in technology have not created global norms and homogenized our identities, but behavioral patterns and regional identities that are surprisingly durable. Specifically, materialism was shown to influence perceived socioeconomic status both positively (for two regions) and negatively (for two regions), and relative life satisfaction (except in New Europe), while perceived socioeconomic status had a positive influence on relative life satisfaction (except in New Europe and Latin America). The quantity of television viewing was positively shown to influence materialism, directly in some cases, as well as through perceived realism in others, providing limited support for the cultivation theory effect. Finally, religiosity was shown to play a countervailing role in negatively influencing materialism only in Latin American and Middle Eastern countries, and a positive influence on relative life satisfaction only in Latin America. The rationale behind the differences across regions was also explored. The overall results can perhaps be best explained by “postmodern” epistemologies, in which people worldwide are increasingly implicated, and in which new traditions are constantly being invented.
Sensations as Representations in Kant

This paper defends an interpretation of the representational function of sensation in Kant's theory of empirical cognition. Against those who argue that sensations are ‘subjective representations’ and hence can only represent the sensory state of the subject, I argue that Kant appeals to different notions of subjectivity, and that the subjectivity of sensations is consistent with sensations representing external, spatial objects. Against those who claim that sensations cannot be representational at all, because sensations are not cognitively sophisticated enough to possess intentionality, I argue that Kant does not use the term ‘Vorstellung’ to refer to intentional mental states exclusively. Sensations do not possess their own intentionality, but they nevertheless perform a representational function in virtue of their role as the matter of empirical intuition. In empirical intuition, the sensory qualities given in sensation are combined with the representation of space to constitute the intuited appearanc...
Fuzzy measurement of income inequality: Some possibility results on the fuzzification of the lorenz ordering

This paper starts from the premise that the concept of income inequality is ill-defined, and hence, it studies the measurement of income inequality from a fuzzy set theoretical point of view. It is argued that the standard (fuzzy) transitivity concepts are not compatible with fuzzy inequality orderings which respect Lorenz ordering. For instance, we show that there does not exist a max-min transitive fuzzy relation on a given income distribution space which ranks distributions unambiguously according to the Lorenz criterion whenever they can actually be ranked by it. Weakening the imposed transitivity concept, it is possible to escape from the noted impossibility theorems. We introduce some alternative transitivity concepts for fuzzy relations, and subsequently, construct a class of fuzzy orderings which preserve Lorenz ordering and satisfy these alternative transitivities. It is also shown that fuzzy measurement can be used to construct confidence intervals for the crisp conclusions of inequality indices.
9Be and 11B NMR study of superconductivity in boron doped UBe13

Abstract We present 9 Be and 11 B NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/ T 1 ) measurements in UBe 13− x B x for x = 0.03 and 0.07 over the temperature range 0.096 K to 2 K. The temperature dependence of 1/ T 1 shows a strong B concentration dependence, especially at low temperatures. We interpret this behavior as consistent with gapless superconductivity induced by the addition of B impurities. The ratio of the 9 Be to 11 B 1/ T 1 increases with decreasing temperature below T c indicating additional contributions to the 9 Be relaxation rate, possibly from nuclear spin diffusion to normal-state vortex cores or paramagnetic impurities.
Hydroxyl Radical and Ferryl-Generating Systems Promote Gel Network Formation of Myofibrillar Protein

UNLABELLED The objective of the study was to examine how oxidatively induced protein cross-linking would influence the gelation properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) under meat processing conditions. MP suspensions in 0.6 M NaCl at pH 6 were treated with an iron-catalyzed oxidizing system (IOS: 10 microM FeCl(3), 0.1 mM ascorbic acid, 0.05 to 5 mM H(2)O(2)) or a H(2)O(2)-activated metmyoglobin oxidizing system (MOS: 0.01 to 0.1 mM metmyoglobin/H(2)O(2)) that produced hydroxyl radical and ferryl species, respectively. Both oxidizing systems promoted MP thermal gelation, which was evidenced by rapid protein-protein interaction and the enhancement in storage modulus (elasticity) of the gel network as revealed by dynamic rheological testing in the 20 to 74 degrees C temperature range. This gelation-enhancing effect was attributed to the shift of myosin aggregation in the early stage of heating from predominantly head-head association (nonoxidized control samples) to prevalently tail-tail cross-linking through disulfide bonds. However, both hardness and water-holding capacity of chilled gels tended to decline when MP was exposed to >or=1 mM H(2)O(2) in IOS and to all concentrations of metmyoglobin in MOS. Microscopic examination confirmed a more porous structure in oxidized gels when compared with nonoxidized protein gels. The results demonstrated that mild oxidation altered the mode of myosin aggregation in favor of an elastic gel network formation, but it did not improve or had a negative effect on water-binding properties of MP gels. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Mild oxidation promotes protein network formation and enhances gelation of myofibrillar protein under normal salt and pH conditions used in meat processing. This oxidative effect, which involves disulfide linkages, is somewhat similar to that in bakery product processing where oxidants are used to improve dough performance through gluten protein interaction.
Temperature dependence of Congo red binding to amyloid β12-28.

Because Congo red (CR) can bind to critical intermediate structural forms of amyloid beta (Aβ), it has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the interaction of CR with Aβ12–28 was investigated by use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Studies conducted between 15 and 35 °C show that binding of CR to Aβ12–28 was strongly dependent on temperature, with a decrease in CR–Aβ12–28 complexation as temperature increases, presumably because of conformational changes within Aβ12–28 at the highest temperatures, that conceal the CR binding sites. In fact, no CR binding was observed at 35 °C. The binding of CR to Aβ12–28 was associated with favorable changes in both enthalpy and entropy that resulted in binding constants (K) of between 105 and 106 M −1. An early (and more intense) entropy-driven CR disaggregation phase (K ~107–108 M −1) was observed before the onset of CR–Aβ12–28 complexation. Only CR disaggregation was observed at 35 °C. These results may provide further insights into the ability of CR to inhibit Aβ toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Language and human rights discourses in Africa: Lessons from the African experience

In this article, we investigate the question of who benefits from language minority research by analyzing the discourses of language rights and human rights jointly, because language rights are perforce part of human rights. We argue that some ‘small’ minority languages flourish and others fail unless speakers of these languages articulate their voices and needs. We also explore how human rights discourses relate to traditional practices. The interests of local communities and the involvement of linguists do not enhance the status of minority communities unless linguists traverse the gap between academic discourses on rights and vernacular discourses on similar topics. African linguists are themselves in a double bind: on the one hand, they seek to promote the interests of local communities and, on the other hand, they have to meet their professional obligations. They are not able to address the material needs of local communities because advocating language and human rights cannot resolve Africa's intrac...