cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The solubility of transition metal oxides in zinc oxide and the reflectance spectra of Mn2+ and Fe2+ in tetrahedral fields

Abstract The solubilities of MnO, FeO, CoO and NiO in ZnO have been determined over the temperature range of 500–800°C by hydrothermal techniques. The solubilities are 25, 7, 6·5 and 0·9 mole per cent respectively at 800°C. Diffuse reflectance spectra have been obtained for the MnO and FeO crystalline solutions and some of the crystal field parameters have been calculated.
Colocalization of gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholinesterase in rodent cortical neurons.

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that neurons of the rat cerebral cortex which stain positively for acetylcholinesterase are not likely to be cholinergic since they do not colocalize with choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity [ Levey, Rye, Wainer, Mufson and Mesulam (1984) Neuroscience 9 , 9–22 ]. These noncholinergic acetylcholinesterase-positive cells were similar in morphology to cortical neurons which localize gamma-aminobutyric acid or glutamate decar☐ylase immunoreactivity. In order to investigate the possibility that the two substances may be colocalized to the same cortical neurons, gamma-aminobutyric acid immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were combined in single sections of rat cerebral cortex. We found that 18% of gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive cortical neurons are also acetylcholinesterase-positive, and about 36% of acetylcholinesterase-positive cells are gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive. Neurons which colocalized both substances were multipolar and bipolar neurons in cortical laminae II–VI and were observed in every cortical area examined. The possibility that gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive/acetylcholinesterase-positive cortical neurons may be postsynaptic targets of cholinergic afferents to the cerebral cortex is discussed.
Factorial invariance across gender for the primary symptom dimensions of the SCL-90

Abstract The present study was focused on an evaluation of factorial invariance across gender for the primary symptom dimensions of the SCL-90-a multidimensional self-report symptom inventory. The argument is advanced that evidence of invariance across relevant subject parameters is an essential component of reliability for dimensional constructs. Findings indicated subtantial levels of invariance across gender for eight of the nine primary symptom dimensions of the SCL-90 with moderate levels for the ninth. The implications of invariance, for the SCL-90 in particular, and clinical measurement in general are related and discussed.
Advanced metasearch engines

A metasearch engine is a system, which is connected to different search engines. In response to a user query, it invokes suitable search engines for the query, merges the information returned by these search engines and output the merged result. There are two types of metasearch engines: one type for unstructured data (mostly text) and the other for structured data. In comparison to a text search engine, a metasearch engine can have a higher coverage of the Web and can have more timely information. A metasearch engine for structured data facilitates comparison shopping and services and is convenient to use. In this talk, we discuss the problems and their potential solutions. In addition, challenges and unsolved problems are sketched.
Subcutaneous progestin implants versus intravaginal sponges for dairy goat estrus synchronization during the transitional period

Abstract Two sources of progestin (a subcutaneous implant and a vaginal sponge) combined with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) were compared to induce estrus in 105 lactating and 17 nulliparous dairy goat does during the season of transition from anestrus to estrus. When compared with the untreated control group, both progestins performed equally well in inducing behavioral estrus (P
Benzyl isothiocyanate in the caricaceae

Abstract GLC quantitation of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in 1–2 macerated seeds of Caricaceae is described. In Carica and Jarilla genera, the content of this compound ranges from 1·37 to 1·96%. In seeds of Jacaratia , however, only 2–4 ppm of BITC was found. The striking quantitative differences suggest the possible use of BITC content as a chemotaxonomic criterion.
A 20-year evolution of internships: implications for retail interns, employers and educators

For decades, retail educators and companies have agreed that internships play a vital role in students' retail education. Overall, the perceived value of internships/internship programmes and the attitude towards them have remained fairly stable and positive. However, the role of internships, their structure and the way they are administered have changed. After reviewing relevant literature, we identified five dimensions as major trends/changes regarding internships or internship programmes over the past 20 years: 1) internships: the new recruiting tool; 2) increased endorsement of internships by retailers and educators; 3) paid vs. non-paid internships: a legal issue?; 4) structure of internship programmes revamped; and 5) socialization of interns: creating a bond. Each dimension is discussed in detail and practical implications for retail interns, employers and educators are presented.
Resistin, exercise capacity, and inducible ischemia in patients with stable coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul study.

Abstract Objective Resistin is an adipocytokine involved in insulin resistance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Its role in the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) is not yet well-characterized. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between serum resistin levels, exercise capacity, and exercise-induced cardiac ischemia among patients with stable CHD. Methods and results We measured serum resistin concentrations and determined treadmill exercise capacity and inducible ischemia by stress echocardiography in 899 outpatients with documented CHD. Of these, 215 (24%) had poor exercise capacity ( P P =0.001). Both associations remained robust after adjusting for numerous clinical risk factors, metabolic variables, and markers of insulin resistance (poor exercise capacity adjusted OR 1.73, P =0.04; inducible ischemia adjusted OR 1.82, P =0.01). However, further adjustments for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α eliminated the association with poor exercise capacity (adjusted OR 1.50, P =0.14) and substantially weakened the association with inducible ischemia (adjusted OR 1.72, P =0.03). Conclusions Elevated serum resistin is associated with poor exercise capacity and exercise-induced cardiac ischemia in patients with stable coronary disease. Adjustment for inflammatory markers attenuated these associations, suggesting a possible role for resistin in inflammation and CHD pathophysiology.
Both serotonin and a nitric-oxide donor cause chloride secretion in rat colonocytes by stimulating cGMP.

Abstract Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that an antagonist of nitric oxide synthase inhibits neurally mediated chloride secretion in response to serotonin (5-HT). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that chloride secretion in rat colonocytes that were caused by stimulation of neural 5-HT receptors is mediated by way of a nitrergic pathway that involves the activation of guanylate cyclase. Methods. The nitric oxide (NO) donor, diethylenetriamine/NO (DNO), was added to an enriched suspension of rat colonocytes that were preloaded with 36Cl−. In parallel experiments, DNO (1 μmol/L) was added to cells that were pretreated with the specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, NS2028 (2 μmol/L). In additional studies, the neural 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT (10 μmol/L), was added to the serosal surface of muscle-stripped sheets of rat colonic mucosa that were mounted in Ussing chambers under voltage clamp conditions, both in the absence and presence of NS2028 (20 μm). Results. DNO induced 18.0% ± 8.0% greater 36Cl− efflux than controls (P
Uniform time average consistency of Monte Carlo particle filters

We prove that bootstrap-type Monte Carlo particle filters approximate the optimal nonlinear filter in a time average sense uniformly with respect to the time horizon when the signal is ergodic and the particle system satisfies a tightness property. The latter is satisfied without further assumptions when the signal state space is compact, as well as in the noncompact setting when the signal is geometrically ergodic and the observations satisfy additional regularity assumptions.
In the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, patients with class II and III obesity have decreased myocardial perfusion reserve

Background Obesity is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This quantitative CMR perfusion study aims to examine the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to decreased myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR). Methods 123 patients with no obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, defined by coronary computed tomographic angiogram demonstrating < 30% stenosis, underwent regadenoson CMR 1st-pass perfusion imaging, using 0.05 mmol/kg gadolinium (Gd) followed by rest perfusion imaging (also 0.05 mmol/kg Gd) performed 20 minutes later. The subjects were categorized into 4 groups: normal BMI (between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), Class I obese (BMI 30-34.9), and Class II and III obese (BMI≥35). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) in ml/min/g and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) were quantified using a fully quantitative model constrained deconvolution.
Is there anything special about the aging of source memory

A battery of cognitive tests designed to measure the constructs of episodic memory, perceptual speed, fluid ability, executive functioning, and vocabulary was administered to 330 adults between the ages of 18 and 89. Each participant also performed 4 different tasks designed to assess source memory. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the validity of a source-memory construct and to explore the relation of the source-memory construct to age and to the other cognitive variables. The variance common to the source-memory variables was strongly related to other cognitive abilities, suggesting that source memory may not have discriminant validity, and there were only small unique age-related effects on the source-memory construct after the influence of other abilities was considered.
Syphilitic Antigen derived from Blood Serum.

Studies on the relation between the lipoids of syphilitic serum and the sensitiveness of Kahn reactions led to the observation that serum lipoids possess precipitinogen properties. When these lipoids, under proper conditions, were mixed with syphilitic serums, there resulted the formation of a precipitate, while with nonsyphilitic serums, no effect was observed. In consideration of the wide distribution in animal tissues of lipoids that are antigenic for syphilis reactions, it was perhaps to be expected that they would also be found in the blood. It seemed worth while to investigate this observation more fully. It was desired to find, first, whether antigenic lipoids are present in syphilitic as well as in nonsyphilitic serum; and second, whether the distribution of these lipoids in serum is similar in quantity to those in heart muscle, which is known to be especially rich in antigenic lipoids. The question also arose as to whether extracts prepared from the serum of a syphilitic patient would bring about precipitation when mixed with the serum of the same patient. It appeared from our early experiments that both precipitinogen and precipitin substances were present in syphilitic serums. To prevent autoprecipitation in vivo, some protective factor or factors, it was believed, must inhibit the interaction of these two substances. It seemed possible that the lipoids of the serum from a given syphilitic patient would react only with serums from other syphilitic patients, and not with the homologous serum. Our interest in serum lipoids was directed originally to the question why syphilitic serums, in rare instances, give negative reactions even when highly sensitive antigens are employed. It was believed that these reactions might be the result of an excessive amount of lipoid in the serum. This belief was based on the hypothesis that when a syphilitic serum rich in lipoids is tested with antigen, the serum lipoids react
Estimation of Seasonal Precipitation Tercile-Based Categorical Probabilities from Ensembles

Abstract Ensemble simulations and forecasts provide probabilistic information about the inherently uncertain climate system. Counting the number of ensemble members in a category is a simple nonparametric method of using an ensemble to assign categorical probabilities. Parametric methods of assigning quantile-based categorical probabilities include distribution fitting and generalized linear regression. Here the accuracy of counting and parametric estimates of tercile category probabilities is compared. The methods are first compared in an idealized setting where analytical results show how ensemble size and level of predictability control the accuracy of both methods. The authors also show how categorical probability estimate errors degrade the rank probability skill score. The analytical results provide a good description of the behavior of the methods applied to seasonal precipitation from a 53-yr, 79-member ensemble of general circulation model simulations. Parametric estimates of seasonal precipitati...
Nondetects and Data Analysis: Statistics for Censored Environmental Data

DENNIS R. HELSEL (USGS). John Wiley and Sons, New York. 2004. Hardcover, 268 pp. US $94.95. ISBN 0–471–67173–8. Helsel's Book: A Clever Thing About Supposedly Nothing We have all seen them in textbooks, papers, or our own research datasets—the dreaded “less than” data, those
Color stability of dental composites as a function of shade

Abstract Statement of problem. The selection of shade of composites for restorative applications may have a significant effect on color degradation through environmental exposure. Purpose. This study characterized the color changes in composites as a function of shade through environmental effects such as ultraviolet light exposure. Material and methods. Five shades of two composites were subjected to ultraviolet light exposure at 37° C for 24 hours after initial storage for 24 hours in distilled water at 37° C. The lightness and chromaticity values of color were measured both before and after ultraviolet light exposure with a Minolta Chromameter. The total color change as well as changes in the lightness and chromaticity values were measured in the CIE L*a*b* scale and analyzed to monitor color degradation, if any. Results. Color degradation was a significant function of shade and occurred primarily as an increase in yellowness. Color changes increased with the lightness of the shade in both composite systems. Conclusion. The lighter shades of composites were likely to be subject to higher color degradation through environmental effects of ultraviolet light exposure. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:372-7.)
The resonance theory of coronary arterial wall stress as an explanation for the distribution of coronary artery disease

The coronary arteries are unique within the arterial system in being subject to a continuous oscillatory displacement. It is hypothesised that oscillatory resonance of the coronary arteries occurs when the heart rate is the same as the arteries' Natural Frequency of oscillation. If resonance were to occur then standing waves would exist along the coronary arteries. The sites of the anti-nodes of such standing waves would be the sites of increased wall stress and therefore be expected to be predisposed to disease. Coronary artery resonance would explain the observed increased incidence of disease in the proximal segments of the arteries. It is proposed that coronary artery resonance is a previously unrecognised aetiological factor for coronary artery disease that contributes to its location. If the hypothesis is true then there are potential important consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Dose perturbations at interfaces in photon beams: secondary electron transport.

An improved, quantitative version of the partial fluence model [Med. Phys. 1 4, 585 (1987)] for the calculation of dose perturbations at media interfaces in photonbeams is presented and compared with measurements made at interfaces between polystyrene and materials ranging in atomic number from aluminum to lead, for photonbeams ranging in energy from 6 0Co to 24 MV.
Effects of “near-lethal” stress on bud dormancy and stem cold hardiness in red-osier dogwood

We studied the effects of "near-lethal" (NL, 47 degrees C for 1 h) heat stress, applied to intact shoots of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) during early (October), deep (November) or late (December) dormancy, on bud dormancy release and development of stem tissue cold hardiness under natural conditions and at a constant temperature of 0 or 23 degrees C in the dark. The NL heat-stress treatment overcame bud dormancy when applied during the early and late stages of dormancy. During October and December, all plants in the 23 degrees C + dark post-stress environment broke bud within 35 and 12 days, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for days to bud break in the control plants were more than 150 and 110 days, respectively. Application of NL heat stress during deep dormancy caused only slightly earlier bud break compared to the control plants. In the 0 degrees C + dark post-stress environment, all NL heat-treated plants died within 9 weeks. Under natural post-stress conditions, bud break in plants receiving NL heat stress during early and deep dormancy occurred at the same time as in control plants, whereas bud break of plants receiving NL heat stress during late dormancy occurred 55 days earlier than in control plants. Under both natural and 23 degrees C + dark post-stress conditions, cold hardiness of plants receiving NL heat stress during early dormancy was similar to that of controls. Application of NL heat stress during deep dormancy hastened the rate of deacclimation under the 23 degrees C + dark post-stress conditions but had no effect on deacclimation under natural post-stress conditions. Application of NL heat stress during late dormancy enhanced deacclimation of plants in both the 23 degrees C + dark and natural post-stress environments.
Multiple sclerosis and latitude: A new perspective on an old association

Abstract For 68 years latitude has been identified as an important risk factor in the occurrence or multiple sclerosis (MS), but no satisfactory explanation has been offered for this relationship. Epidemiological studies of MS, however, have failed to take into account the degree of change in the amount of ambient light over the course of the year, a variable which is closely related to photoperiod and latitude. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), another illness for which latitude is a risk factor, appears to be related to the decrease in ambient light during the winter months, and offers some relevant insights into the geographical distribution of risk for developing MS. Researchers have found a relationship between degree of reported seasonal difficulties in a population sample and altered immunological function. Furthermore, the effects of bright light on mood have been shown to be regulated through the eye. We hypothesize that the risk of developing MS is related to impairment of the immune system caused by light deprivation prior to adulthood.
Long-distance relationships, reconstruction methodology, and the origins of Japanese

Le recent ouvrage de Paul Benedict Japanese/Austro-Tai propose une discussion sur les origines du Japonais, mais aborde egalement de nombreuses questions methodologiques. L'A. examine le travail de Benedict a travers le prisme de la methodologie generale de la linguistique comparative
Nutrition concerns for the patient with gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is a debilitating disease that is the consequence of a variety of conditions resulting in a significant loss of quality of life. Although many cases are mild, some patients have protracted nausea and vomiting, making it difficult, if not impossible, to maintain their hydration and nutritional status. Furthermore, therapeutic levels of medications, such as prokinetic and antiemetic agents, can be difficult to achieve. The intent of this article is to provide the clinician with suggestions to improve the nutritional status of patients with gastroparesis and offer strategies to deal with the nutritional insults that arise in these unfortunate patients.
Capacitated lot-sizing and scheduling by Lagrangean relaxation

Abstract Development of new models and solution procedures for production planning has been of research interest for several decades. Implementation of these models has resulted in lower production costs by reducing inventories, number of setups and labor costs. In this paper, we develop several optimal/near-optimal procedures for the Capacitated Lot-Sizing and Scheduling Problem (CLSP) with setup times, limited regular time and limited overtime. We formulate a mixed-integer linear programming model of the problem and solve it by Lagrangean relaxation. We experiment with alternative Lagrangean relaxations and develop new procedures to solve these relaxations. Overall, the capacity constraints relaxation seems to be superior to the demand constraints relaxation. Our results show that large problems can be solved in reasonable computer times and within one-percent accuracy of the optimal solutions. We solved 99 × 8 (i.e., 99 items and 8 periods), 50 × 12 and 50 × 8 problems in 30.61, 36.25 and 12.65 seconds of CDC Cyber 730 computer time, respectively. Our procedures are general enough to be applied directly or with slight modifications in real-life production settings.
Helix formation in model peptides based on nucleolin TPAKK motifs.

The structures formed by peptide models of the N-terminal domain of the nucleolar protein nucleolin were studied by CD and nmr. The sequences of the peptides are based on the putative nucleic acid binding sequence motif TPAKK: The peptides TP1 and TP2 have the sequence acetyl-G(ATPAKKAA)nG-amide, with n = 1 and 2, respectively. CD measurements indicate structural changes in both peptides when the lysine side chains are uncharged by increasing the pH or acetylation of the side-chain amines. When trifluoroethanol (TFE) is added, more extensive structural changes are observed, resembling helical structure based on nmr nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and Cα proton chemical shift changes, and CD spectra. The structure formed in 0.5M NaClO4 as observed by nmr is similar to that when the lysine side chains are acetylated, due presumably to interactions of perchlorate ion with side-chain charges on lysines. The helical structure observed in TPAKK motifs may be stabilized via N-capping interactions involving threonine. The structures observed in TFE suggest that the Thr-Pro sequence initiates short helical segments in TPAKK motifs, and these helical structures might interact with nucleic acids, presumably via interactions between lysines and threonines of nucleolin. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Seeing graphene-based sheets

Graphene-based sheets such as graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have stimulated great interest due to their promising electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. Microscopy imaging is indispensable for characterizing these single atomic layers, and oftentimes is the first measure of sample quality. This review provides an overview of current imaging techniques for graphene-based sheets and highlights a recently developed fluorescence quenching microscopy technique that allows high-throughput, high-contrast imaging of graphene-based sheets on arbitrary substrate and even in solution.
Now Man's Bound to Fail, More*

The True Artist Helps the World by Revealing Mystic Truths . Produced at a moment when the “put-on” (occupying “a fuzzy territory between simple leg-pulling and elaborate practical joke”) was a fashionable mode of expression, it isn’t hard to imagine why Bruce Nauman’s neon sign, combining beer-light connotations of commercialism with earnest sentiment, might have engendered a skeptical—if not outright cynical—response. 1 As with many of Nauman’s works from the 1960s, The True Artist relies on a semantic confusion produced by the artist’s apparently ironi cal intent, with the statement being both “true and not true at the same time.” 2 (This can be seen even more clearly in a related work that states that “the true artist is an amazing luminous fountain.”) Just as the textual message invites both an embarrassingly romantic and a coolly ironic reading, the sign’s potential mounting on a window offers two modes of viewing the work: one in which the spiraling script is seen frontally, and thus legibly, and one in which the text is viewed from behind, reversed and illegible, thereby suggesting a corresponding visual tension between figuration and abstraction in the work. Nauman’s extensive engagement with the issue of figuration—both in its rhetorical and its morphological manifesta tions—was not simply an exercise in semiotic analysis or postmodern indeterminacy. Acknowledging that the statement conveyed in The True Artist is “a
A consistency condition for cone-beam CT with general source trajectories

Recent algorithm development for image reconstruction for cone-beam CT has tackled exact image reconstruction for very general scanning configurations. The heart of the new algorithms is the concept of reconstruction on the chordn of a general source trajectory. Volume ROI reconstruction becomes possible by concatenating the chords on which the image has been obtained. For some scanning trajectories there maybe points in the image space where the image can theoretically be obtained exactly, yet no chord intersects these points. This article provides a consistency condition, based on the ideas of John's equation, that may be used to rebin cone-beam data so that all points satisfying Tuy's condition are reconstructible by a chord algorithm.
Evolutionary optimization of cooperative heterogeneous teams

There is considerable interest in developing teams of autonomous, unmanned vehicles that can function in hostile environments without endangering human lives. However, heterogeneous teams, teams of units with specialized roles and/or specialized capabilities, have received relatively little attention. Specialized roles and capabilities can significantly increase team effectiveness and efficiency. Unfortunately, developing effective cooperation mechanisms is much more difficult in heterogeneous teams. Units with specialized roles or capabilities require specialized software that take into account the role and capabilities of both itself and its neighbors. Evolutionary algorithms, algorithms modeled on the principles of natural selection, have a proven track record in generating successful teams for a wide variety of problem domains. Using classification problems as a prototype, we have shown that typical evolutionary algorithms either generate highly effective teams members that cooperate poorly or poorly performing individuals that cooperate well. To overcome these weaknesses we have developed a novel class of evolutionary algorithms. In this paper we apply these algorithms to the problem of controlling simulated, heterogeneous teams of "scouts" and "investigators". Our test problem requires producing a map of an area and to further investigate "areas of interest". We compare several evolutionary algorithms for their ability to generate individually effective members and high levels of cooperation.
Energy and material balance of CO2 capture from ambient air.

Current Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies focus on large, stationary sources that produce approximately 50% of global CO2 emissions. We propose an industrial technology that captures CO2 directly from ambient air to target the remaining emissions. First, a wet scrubbing technique absorbs CO2 into a sodium hydroxide solution. The resultant carbonate is transferred from sodium ions to calcium ions via causticization. The captured CO2 is released from the calcium carbonate through thermal calcination in a modified kiln. The energy consumption is calculated as 350 kJ/mol of CO2 captured. It is dominated by the thermal energy demand of the kiln and the mechanical power required for air movement. The low concentration of CO2 in air requires a throughput of 3 million cubic meters of air per ton of CO2 removed, which could result in significant water losses. Electricity consumption in the process results in CO2 emissions and the use of coal power would significantly reduce to net amount captured. The ...
The relationship between Q, C-550 and cytochrome b 559 in photoreactions at −196° in chloroplasts

Abstract Absorbance changes and fluorescence yield changes induced by irradiating spinach chloroplasts with red light at −196° were measured as a function of the redox potential of the chloroplast suspension. Absorbance changes at 546 nm indicate the photoreduction of C-550 and changes at 556 nm indicate the photooxidation of cytochrome b 559. The changes of fluorescence yield indicate the photoreduction of Q, the fluorescence quencher of chlorophylla a in Photosystem II. The titration curves for all three changes were essentially the same and showed the same midpoint potential. In other experiments as well, it was found that when C-550 is in the reduced state the fluorescence yield of the chloroplasts is high and the low-temperature photooxidation of cytochrome b 559 is blocked. These data indicate that C-550 may be equivalent to Q and that cytochrome b 559 serves as the electron donor for the photoreduction of C-550 at low temperature.
Altered metabolic response of iron-deficient women during graded, maximal exercise.

Metabolic responses during a standardized, progressive, maximal work capacity test on a cycle ergometer were studied in 11 women, mean age 28 (SEM 2) years, at admission to the study, after their body iron stores were depleted by diet, phlebotomy and menstruation for about 80 days and after iron repletion by diet for about 100 days, including daily iron supplementation (0.9 mmol iron as ferrous sulfate) for the last 14 days of repletion. Iron depletion was characterized by a decline (P<0.05) in hemoglobin, ferritin and body iron balance. Iron repletion, including supplementation, increased (P<0.05) hemoglobin, ferritin and iron balance. No changes were observed in cardiovascular and ventilatory responses or peak oxygen uptake. Iron depletion was associated with a reduced (P<0.05) rate of oxygen utilization, total oxygen uptake and aerobic energy expenditure, and elevated (P<0.05) peak respiratory exchange ratio and post-exercise concentration of lactate. Reduction of body iron stores without overt anemia affects exercise metabolism by reducing total aerobic energy production and increasing glycolytic metabolism.
Duality for Hopf orders

In this paper we use duality to construct new classes of Hopf orders in the group algebra KC p3 , where K is a finite extension of Q p and C p3 denotes the cyclic group of order p 3 . Included in this collection is a subcollection of Hopf orders which are realizable as Galois groups.
Optimal uncertainty quantification with model uncertainty and legacy data

We present an optimal uncertainty quantification (OUQ) protocol for systems that are characterized by an existing physics-based model and for which only legacy data is available, i.e., no additional experimental testing of the system is possible. Specifically, the OUQ strategy developed in this work consists of using the legacy data to establish, in a probabilistic sense, the level of error of the model, or modeling error, and to subsequently use the validated model as a basis for the determination of probabilities of outcomes. The quantification of modeling uncertainty specifically establishes, to a specified confidence, the probability that the actual response of the system lies within a certain distance of the model. Once the extent of model uncertainty has been established in this manner, the model can be conveniently used to stand in for the actual or empirical response of the system in order to compute probabilities of outcomes. To this end, we resort to the OUQ reduction theorem of Owhadi et al. (2013) in order to reduce the computation of optimal upper and lower bounds on probabilities of outcomes to a finite-dimensional optimization problem. We illustrate the resulting UQ protocol by means of an application concerned with the response to hypervelocity impact of 6061-T6 Aluminum plates by Nylon 6/6 impactors at impact velocities in the range of 5–7 km/s. The ability of the legacy OUQ protocol to process diverse information on the system and its ability to supply rigorous bounds on system performance under realistic—and less than ideal—scenarios demonstrated by the hypervelocity impact application is remarkable.
Diffusion Kinetics of HCl Hydrates in Ice Measured Using Infrared Laser Resonant Desorption Depth-Profiling

The diffusion kinetics of HCl hydrates in ice were measured using a new infrared laser resonant desorption (LRD) depth-profiling technique. This LRD technique permits quantitative depth-profiling and real time diffusion measurements in ice with submicron spatial resolution and high sensitivity. The diffusion coefficients of HCl hydrates ranged from D = 2.0(±0.6) × 10-13 cm2/s at T = 169.0 K to D = 1.1(±0.2) × 10-10 cm2/s at T = 194.9 K. Arrhenius analysis of the diffusion rates yielded a diffusion activation energy of EA = 15.3 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and a diffusion preexponential of Do = 1.5 × 107±0.2 cm2/s. The diffusion coefficients were independent of the total diffusion time and the initial HCl exposure conditions used to prepare the HCl hydrates. The HCl diffusion rates were comparable to H2O diffusion rates in pure ice and HCl-dosed ice multilayers. This similarity between the HCl and H2O diffusion rates suggests that HCl hydrate diffusion in ice may be dependent on the diffusion of H2O vacancies.
On the Ranks of Skew Centrosymmetric Matrices over Finite Fields

Over a fieldFof characteristic 2, consider thenxnmatrices that are skew and also symmetric around the secondary diagonal. For evenn, a suitable similarity transformation takes them precisely to the matrices of the form0C-C^t^r0. With minor modification, this is true also for oddn. This result yields a formula for the number of them of any particular rank over finiteF.
Glycolaldehyde as a probe molecule for biomass derivatives: Reaction of C-OH and C=O functional groups on monolayer Ni surfaces

Controlling the activity and selectivity of converting biomass derivatives to syngas (H2 and CO) is critical for the utilization of biomass feedstocks as renewable sources for chemicals and fuels. One key chemistry in the conversion is the selective bond scission of the C—OH and C═O functionalities, which are present in many biomass derivatives. Because of the high molecular weight and low vapor pressure, it is relatively difficult to perform fundamental surface science studies of C6 sugars, such as glucose and fructose, using ultrahigh vacuum techniques. Glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CH═O) is the smallest molecule that contains both the C—OH and C═O functional groups, as well as the same C/O ratio as C6 sugars, and thus is selected as a probe molecule in the current study to determine how the presence of the C═O bond affects the reaction mechanism. Using a combination of density functional theory calculations and experimental measurements, our results indicate that the reaction pathway of glycolaldehyde to produc...
The impact of Enterprise 2.0 in organizations

Many organizations have embarked on Enterprise 2.0. However, not many have successfully implemented it. Availability of inexpensive tools does not guarantee their usage by organizations and their employees. To have Enterprise 2.0 implemented widely and effectively by organizations, it is important that both managers and employees benefit from using it. It is expected that the level of congruence of management–employees perceived benefits would affect the level of adoption of Enterprise 2.0 in organizations. Testing this is the purpose of this research. Using the case study of two large global organizations, this study analyzed the use of Enterprise 2.0 by both employees and managers. The results showed that even though both employees and managers believe that Enterprise 2.0 usage does have a positive impact on communication, collaboration, community building, and employee engagement, the level of belief is different: managers’ perception of Enterprise 2.0 benefits is less than that of employees. There was a greater degree of congruence though between both the groups on the perceived benefits of Enterprise 2.0 on knowledge management and organizational outcomes. The size and the type (not-for-profit) of organization was a disadvantage in adopting such tools. The not-for-profit organization was more at loss when applying Enterprise 2.0 as its employees are less aware of the type of tools and of their benefits, and there is less managerial support.
Build 4-dimensional myocardial model for dynamic CT images

4D (3D + time) model is valuable in comprehensive assessment of cardiac functions. Usually, the generation of the 4D myocardial models involves myocardium segmentation, mesh generation and non-rigid registration (to build mesh node correspondence). In this paper, we present a method to simultaneously perform the above tasks. This method begins from a triangular surface model of the myocardium at the first phase of a cardiac cycle. Then, the myocardial surface is simulated as a linear elastic membrane, and evolves toward the next phase governed by an energy function while maintaining the mesh quality. Our preliminary experiments performed on dynamic CT images of the dog demonstrated the effectiveness of this method on both segmentation and mesh generation. The minimum average surface distance between the segmentation results of the proposed method and the ground truth can reach 0.72 ± 0.55 mm, and the mesh quality measured by the aspect ratio of the triangle was less than 11.57 ± 1.18.
Multiple spin echoes due to anisotropic spin diffusion in 3 He− 4 He solutions

In a polarized Fermi fluid longitudinal and transverse spin diffusion constants will differ from one another below a temperatureT a. Although Leggett-Rice effects are absent in degenerate spin-polarized3He−4He solutions at the3He concentrationx 3=3.8%, analysis of the equations of motion reveals that multiple spin echoes will still occur in θ1-t 1-θ2 NMR experiments due to the anisotropy in the spin-diffusion coefficients, ΔD=D ‖-D ⊥≠0. The absence of Leggett-Rice effects provides a unique opportunity to observe the nonlinear dynamics introduced by the anisotropy. It is shown that for temperatures below but nearT a, the second and third echo heights can be as much as 10% of the first echo.
Studies on human gastric mucosal cathepsin and its unique nature compared with other human pepsinogens.

Abstract The material in human gastric mucosa known as cathepsin can be distinguished from the other proteinases by its low mobility on agar gel electrophoresis. It was shown to increase its mobility on acid activation. Sufficient enzyme was purified by phosphate gradient column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and Pevikon block electrophoresis to allow study of some of its properties. The enzyme differs from the other human gastric proteinases by its resistance to destruction by alkali after acidification, by having a somewhat higher pH optimum for proteolysis, and by a different peptide bond specificity. The results indicate that the human gastric mucosa contains at least three distinct classes of acid proteinase which are capable of attacking different peptide bonds.
SU‐FF‐I‐96: Automatic Registration of EPI and DRR Images for Treatment Planning and Delivery Verification

Purpose: To automatically register electronic portal images (EPIs) and digitally reconstructedradiographs(DRRs) for the verification of treatment planning and delivery based on Average Intensity Projection (AIP) imaging.Method and Materials: AIP 4D CTimages are obtained by averaging 4D CTimages acquired for lungtumors using multi‐slice CT simulation. The AIP images are used to represent tumor motion during treatment planning and delivery in extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (ESRT). Planning DRRimages are created for each treatment field. Cine EPIs are collected for each treatment field. The apertures are segmented from EPIs by thresholding, and then used to register the EPIs and the associated DRRs. The segmented EPIs are enhanced to highlight the tumor area. Then enhanced EPIs and DRRs are fused together in the aperture to produce a fusion movie. Cine EPIs are averaged to produce an average EPI. The tumor movement in each EPI is enhanced by subtracting the average EPI from the original Cine EPI. A sequence of tumor movement images is sorted to form a subtraction movie. Results: The registration procedure is performed automatically without user supervision. Fusion movies show the target motion against the static background of DRR, providing a visual perception of the moving anatomy around the target. Subtraction movies show clearly the track of the target motion inside the aperture. Periodic displacement of the tumor reflects respiratory movement. The size, deviation, and deformation of the tumor can be observed. Conclusions: This technology will benefit the verification of treatment planning and delivery, the evaluation of the patient set up, and the visual inspection of the tumor movement during ESRT. Conflict of Interest: Part of this work was funded by Elekta, Inc., Norcross GA.
SUMEX: a resource for applications of artificial intelligence in medicine

In partnership with the Biotechnology Resources Branch (BRB) of the Division of Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health, Stanford University is developing a nationally shared computing resource to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) oriented to bio-medical problems. Based on an initial national community of projects and taking advantage of current data communications technologies, the SUMEX (Stanford University Medical Experimental Computer) project hopes to provide an efficient engineering support team and software library for such investigations, and to promote a more systematic exchange of research tools, products, and ideas among existing projects.
Investigating Treatment Fidelity and Social Validity of a Peer-Mediated Postsecondary Reading Intervention

Reading opens many doors and students who do not comprehend well face serious barriers as they enter postsecondary academic institutions. Young people should be able to read and write when they graduate from high school. Such skills allow people to continue their education as well as increase their odds that they can earn an adequate salary. The percentage of 12th graders reading below grade level has remained remarkably stable over the years. A large number of students entering colleges and universities are unable to derive meaning from print at age-expected levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment fidelity and social validity of a systematic and explicitly structured peer-mediated reading comprehension intervention on the reading performance of underprepared postsecondary students. Seven peer mentors and sixteen first-time college students participated in the study. Results indicated the peer-implemented reading program was implemented with high levels of treatment fidelity and soc...
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone specific for avian vitellogenin II

Abstract A clone for vitellogenin, a major avian, estrogen responsive egg yolk protein, was isolated from the cDNA library of estrogen-induced rooster liver. Two forms of plasma vitellogenin, vitellogenin I (VTG I) and vitellogenin II (VTG II), distinguishable on the basis of their unique partial proteolysis maps, have been characterized and their corresponding hepatic precursor forms identified. We have used this criterion to specifically characterize which vitellogenin protein had been cloned. Partial proteolysis maps of BTG I and VTG II standards, synthesized in vivo, were compared to maps of protein synthesized in vitro using RNA hybrid-selected by the vitellogenin plasmid. Eight major digest fragments were found common to the in vitro synthesized vitellogenin and the VTG II standard while no fragments were observed to correspond to the VTG I map. A restriction map of the VTG II cDNA clone permits comparison to previously described cDNA and genomic vitellogenin clones.
Experimental snap-through boundaries for acoustically excited, thermally buckled plates

This paper presents some recent experimental results on the dynamic snap-through behavior of a clamped, rectangular plate subject to thermal loading and intense acoustic excitation. The likelihood of snap-through oscillations is characterized in terms of boundaries separating regions of snap-through and no snap-through in the parameter space. Two scenarios are considered. First, using tonal inputs, the regions of snap-through are mapped in the sound pressure level—input frequency domain ((SPL, ω) plane). Second, random acoustic inputs are used, and the effect of varying the overall sound pressure level and frequency bandwidth are investigated ((SPL,\(\omega _{center} + \bar \omega \)) plane). Several nonlinear characteristics are evident and discussed.
Aerobic metabolism of american alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, under standard conditions and during voluntary activity

We measured the rate of consumption of oxygen by alligators in a dry metabolic chamber and in a tank of water where they were free to dive and surface at will at 10-35 degrees C, a range spanning most of the body temperatures experienced by alligators in nature. Neither the standard metabolic rate nor the rate of oxygen consumption during one hour of sustained, voluntary activity varied with body mass, month of the year, duration of fasting before measurement, or experimental condition (terrestrial vs aquatic). Voluntary diving is not accompanied by any reduction in standard metabolic rate; these results and those of others suggest that the "diving reflex" of alligators is probably employed only in emergencies. Spontaneous activity for one hour is accompanied by a 1.9-4.4 fold rise in oxygen consumption; this factorial increase is less than that for other reptiles induced to maximal activity for brief intervals. Both standard and active oxygen consumption rise significantly with body temperature.