cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Adenitis

1. Timothy R. Peters, MD* 2. Kathryn M. Edwards, MD† 1. 2. *Clinical Fellow, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3. 4. †Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the management of cervical lymphadenopathy in children. 2. Identify the cause of most cases of childhood cervical lymphadenopathy and adenitis. 3. Identify the etiology of most cases of acute suppurative cervical lymphadenitis in children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. 4. Describe the treatment of suppurative cervical lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. 5. List the causes of chronic cervical lymphadenitis in children. Cervical lymphadenopathy may be either an important clue to an underlying disease process or a specific clinical syndrome. Appropriate management of children who have enlarged cervical lymph nodes ranges from observation and reassurance to extensive diagnostic evaluation and aggressive medical and surgical intervention. Decisions regarding diagnostic tests and therapy are based entirely on clinical judgment, informed by a thoughtful patient history and careful physical examination. We review the extensive differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis in the context of information gathered in the patient history and examination and suggest the management of children who have common clinical presentations. Enlargement of lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) may be caused by proliferation or invasion of inflammatory cells (lymphadenitis) or by infiltration of neoplastic cells. The complex array of lymph nodes of the head and neck efficiently defend against infection and often are considered in anatomic groupings based on lymph drainage patterns. Cervicofacial lymph nodes may reside in the anterior triangle forward of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior triangle behind the sternocleidomastoid, the submandibular region below the jaw line, the supraclavicular region in the lower neck, and the preauricular and occipital regions. The distribution of enlarged nodes is important in that almost all healthy children have small, palpable lymph nodes in the anterior cervical triangle, but palpable, nontender lymph nodes in the supraclavicular region can suggest malignancy. Before considering the extensive differential diagnosis of …
Class, Gender, and Power in the Mining Communities of the Americas?

From the Canadian rockies to the Chilean Andes, mining has dominated the economies and lives of many ofthe people inhabiting the mountainous backbone of the Americas. Although isolated from the main centres of national trade and industry, mining communities shared characteristics with cities rather than the rural areas that surrounded them. They were densely populated, industrial, and their residents worked for wages and sought the mutual associations and pleasures associated with urban life. Some of these communities were rigidly controlled company towns; others alternated independence from and loyalty to the employers who guaranteed or threatened their survival. They experienced booms and busts as companies responded to global market prices, the quality and quantity of ore reserves, and technological demands. Residents endured the harsh climates of high altitudes, difficult and dangerous working conditions, and powerful corporations. Mining has been one of the most exclusively gendered occupations in the hemi sphere and, until the 1980s, it has produced some ofthe feistiest unions.
PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTIONARY POTENTIAL OF NEWLY INDUCED TANDEM DUPLICATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Most of some 33 X-ray-induced duplications recovered as Suppressors of Minute loci proved to be direct tandem duplications. When heterozygous, most duplications were crossover suppressors, and duplications of short to moderate size did not reduce the fitness of their bearers. Crossover suppression by tandem duplication may be attributed to intrastrand foldbacks of the type regularly seen in somatic polytene chromosomes. As a consequence, linkage disequilibrium between duplicated elements and normal chromosomes should be more profound than has been supposed. Tandem duplications appear to be predisposed by reason of frequency of generation, crossover suppression and fitness effects to serve as the primary source of new genes.
Waiting-time approximations in multi-queue systems with cyclic service

This study is devoted to mean waiting-time approximations in a single-server multi-queue model with cyclic service and zero switching times of the server between consecutive queues. Two different service disciplines are considered: exhaustive service and (ordinary cyclic) nonexhaustive service. For both disciplines it is shown how estimates of the mean waiting times at the various queues can be obtained when no explicit information on arrival intensities and service-time distributions is available, while only the utilizations at the queues and the lengths of the busy periods of the system can be measured. In the exhaustive case, a known mean waiting-time approximation is shown to be suitable for our purposes; in the nonexhaustive case, a new approximation has been derived which is simple and yet more accurate than existing approximations. Extensive simulation validates the approximation methods.
Impact of Chlorofluoromethanes on Stratospheric Ozone

Abstract Monthly averages of data on stratospheric total ozone and vertical distribution ozone profiles from a global collection of ground-based recording stations are analyzed for the detection of trend in ozone that may be associated with possible effects of the release of chlorofluoromethanes (CFM's). Regression time series models that include seasonal, trend, and other factors are estimated from the data at each individual station. A factor to explicitly account empirically for the effects of atmospheric aerosols due to volcanic activity on the ozone profile measurements is also included in the models. A random effects model for the individual station trend estimates is used to combine the individual trend estimates in the form of an overall global estimate of trend in ozone. Based on analysis of ozone data during the period 1960-1983, there is little evidence of any trend in total ozone. But a statistically significant negative trend of about −.3% change per year for the period 1970-1981 has been obt...
Do media players cause interference with pacemakers

Background: Electrical devices generate electromagnetic fields that may interfere with pacemakers. Media players cause telemetry interference with pacemakers, but it is not known whether they cause direct interference with pacemakers. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between pacemakers and 3 different media players. Methods: In this prospective, randomized study, 54 patients with dual chamber pacemakers who were in sinus rhythm underwent baseline observation, followed by observation under telemetry communication. These patients were then randomly evaluated with 3 media players (iPod 3G, iPod Photo, and iPod Touch Apple, Cupertino, CA) with and without telemetry communication for 1 minute each. Patients were monitored for pacemaker malfunction using a single-channel ECG during exposure to media players. The pacemaker was interrogated after each exposure and an interrogation report was printed for evaluation. Pacemaker interference was categorized as type I, II, or III. Types I and II interference described telemetry interference and type III interference was defined as any direct interference with pacemaker function or programmed parameters. Results: A total of 54 patients (29 men and 25 women; mean age 77.2 ± 9.3 y) were evaluated. In total, of the 162 tests (for telemetry interference) 36.4% were positive (Type I and II). Type III interference was also evaluated in 162 tests and none showed any evidence of direct interference. Conclusion: Media players cause telemetry interference with pacemakers, but they do not directly interfere with pacemaker function.
On the solutions of the (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer-Kaup systems

In this work we study the (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer-Kaup (HBK) systems. The HBK systems were obtained from the inner parameter dependent symmetry constraints of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. The Backlund transformations are used for a reliable treatment of these systems. We obtain multiple soliton solutions for the underlying systems. Moreover, we use a variety of hyperbolic functions methods and trigonometric methods to determine a variety of travelling wave solutions and periodic solutions.
Ensemble Data Assimilation without Perturbed Observations

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation scheme based on the traditional Kalman filter update equation. An ensemble of forecasts are used to estimate the background-error covariances needed to compute the Kalman gain. It is known that if the same observations and the same gain are used to update each member of the ensemble, the ensemble will systematically underestimate analysis-error covariances. This will cause a degradation of subsequent analyses and may lead to filter divergence. For large ensembles, it is known that this problem can be alleviated by treating the observations as random variables, adding random perturbations to them with the correct statistics. Two important consequences of sampling error in the estimate of analysis-error covariances in the EnKF are discussed here. The first results from the analysis-error covariance being a nonlinear function of the backgrounderror covariance in the Kalman filter. Due to this nonlinearity, analysis-error covariance estimates may be negatively biased, even if the ensemble background-error covariance estimates are unbiased. This problem must be dealt with in any Kalman filter‐based ensemble data assimilation scheme. A second consequence of sampling error is particular to schemes like the EnKF that use perturbed observations. While this procedure gives asymptotically correct analysis-error covariance estimates for large ensembles, the addition of perturbed observations adds an additional source of sampling error related to the estimation of the observation-error covariances. In addition to reducing the accuracy of the analysis-error covariance estimate, this extra source of sampling error increases the probability that the analysis-error covariance will be underestimated. Because of this, ensemble data assimilation methods that use perturbed observations are expected to be less accurate than those which do not. Several ensemble filter formulations have recently been proposed that do not require perturbed observations. This study examines a particularly simple implementation called the ensemble square root filter, or EnSRF. The EnSRF uses the traditional Kalman gain for updating the ensemble mean but uses a ‘‘reduced’’ Kalman gain to update deviations from the ensemble mean. There is no additional computational cost incurred by the EnSRF relative to the EnKF when the observations have independent errors and are processed one at a time. Using a hierarchy of perfect model assimilation experiments, it is demonstrated that the elimination of the sampling error associated with the perturbed observations makes the EnSRF more accurate than the EnKF for the same ensemble size.
Etched fibers as strain gauges

A class of optical fiber intensity sensors that do not require the use of external structures to impose perturbations on fibers is presented. The topological structures are formed directly onto the fiber cladding. The geometry of the features is defined photolithographically and the structures are formed by chemical etching. The etched fiber sensing elements have been fabricated and tested as strain sensors. Depending on the amount of the cladding material removed and the symmetry of the etched structure, the measured gauge factor of the etched fiber strain sensors may be larger than 100. The responses of the optical fiber strain gauges are linear, repeatable, have a high cyclic endurance and no measurable hysteresis. These sensors can be used to monitor a strain as large as 0.4%. >
The choreography of accountability

The prevailing performance discourse in education claims school improvements can be achieved through transparent accountability procedures. The article identifies how teachers generate performances of their work in order to satisfy accountability demands. By identifying sources of teachers’ knowledge that produce choreographed performances, I explain how teachers manage perceptions in order to garner favorable evaluations. As forms of impression management, teachers’ fabrications were political because they attempt to (re)control, or (re)claim, the discourse of what a ‘good’ teacher does/is. However, because teachers’ fabrications occur as individual and uncoordinated responses to surveillance, the analysis maps how the political organization of schools maintains teachers in subjugated roles even though teachers believe their fabrications held greater micropolitical capital than what actually occurs.
Studies of Prophylaxis Pastes Containing Sodium-Potassium Aluminum Silicate and Fluoride

A sodium-potassium aluminum silicate cleaning and polishing agent was compared with conventional prophylaxis abrasives and was found to be highly compatible with fluoride. When formulated into a fluoride prophylaxis paste, especially with stannous fluoride, a larger reduction in enamel solubility and greater fluoride uptake were obtained than with representative commercial prophylaxis pastes.
Applications of the solution to the Rayleigh problem

A formalism to determine the probability density function (PDF) resulting from a coordinate transformation applied to an arbitrary PDF is developed. The results are applied to the coordinate transformation used in target tracking, specifically the transformation from spherical to Cartesian coordinates. This result is then applied to the specific example of a Gaussian random variable transformed by sine and cosine coordinate transformations. A brief discussion is then carried out of multi-dimensional transformations.
Test-driven roles for pair programming

Pair programming is the practice of having two programmers work together on the same code in a single development environment. The goals of pair programming are to improve communication and the sharing of knowledge within a team; to increase productivity; to improve developer process and help team members stay productive; and ultimately to strengthen the quality of the resulting software [1].
Gravitational Waves from Gravitational Collapse

Gravitational-wave emission from stellar collapse has been studied for nearly four decades. Current state-of-the-art numerical investigations of collapse include those that use progenitors with more realistic angular momentum profiles, properly treat microphysics issues, account for general relativity, and examine non-axisymmetric effects in three dimensions. Such simulations predict that gravitational waves from various phenomena associated with gravitational collapse could be detectable with ground-based and space-based interferometric observatories. This review covers the entire range of stellar collapse sources of gravitational waves: from the accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf through the collapse down to neutron stars or black holes of massive stars to the collapse of supermassive stars.
A Comparative Study of Observed Northern Hemisphere Circulation Statistics Based on GFDL and NMC Analyses. Part II: Transient Eddy Statistics and the Energy Cycle

Abstract The comparison between two sets of observed circulation statistics undertaken by Lau and Oort (1981) is continued in this study by examining the temporal variance and covariance statistics in these sets. The first (GFDL) set is compiled by interpolating monthly averaged station statistics. The second set is based on twice-daily operational NMC analyses. The statistics for six winter and six summer seasons within the 1966–73 period are compared. The hemispheric fields examined include transient eddy kinetic energy at 300 mb, root-mean-squares of geopotential height and temperature at 300 and 850 mb, respectively, the horizontal transport by transient eddies of westerly momentum and geopotential height at 300 mb, and of heat at 850 mb. The patterns of horizontal eddy transports are presented in a vectorial format to delineate local relationships with the time-mean flow and the centers of eddy activity. Latitude–height distributions for zonally-averaged patterns of the above statistics are also pres...
Histamine alters cadherin-mediated sites of endothelial adhesion.

We tested the hypothesis that histamine alters the focal apposition of endothelial cells by acting on sites of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Focal apposition was measured as the impedance o...
HIV-1 Antibody Neutralization Breadth Is Associated with Enhanced HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses.

ABSTRACT Antigen-specific CD4 + T helper cell responses have long been recognized to be a critical component of effective vaccine immunity. CD4 + T cells are necessary to generate and maintain humoral immune responses by providing help to antigen-specific B cells for the production of antibodies. In HIV infection, CD4 + T cells are thought to be necessary for the induction of Env-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies. However, few studies have investigated the role of HIV-specific CD4 + T cells in association with HIV neutralizing antibody activity in vaccination or natural infection settings. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in a cohort of 34 untreated HIV-infected controllers matched for viral load, with and without neutralizing antibody breadth to a panel of viral strains. Our results show that the breadth and magnitude of Gag-specific CD4 + T cell responses were significantly higher in individuals with neutralizing antibodies than in those without neutralizing antibodies. The breadth of Gag-specific CD4 + T cell responses was positively correlated with the breadth of neutralizing antibody activity. Furthermore, the breadth and magnitude of gp41-specific, but not gp120-specific, CD4 + T cell responses were significantly elevated in individuals with neutralizing antibodies. Together, these data suggest that robust Gag-specific CD4 + T cells and, to a lesser extent, gp41-specific CD4 + T cells may provide important intermolecular help to Env-specific B cells that promote the generation or maintenance of Env-specific neutralizing antibodies. IMPORTANCE One of the earliest discoveries related to CD4 + T cell function was their provision of help to B cells in the development of antibody responses. Yet little is known about the role of CD4 + T helper responses in the setting of HIV infection, and no studies to date have evaluated the impact of HIV-specific CD4 + T cells on the generation of antibodies that can neutralize multiple different strains of HIV. Here, we addressed this question by analyzing HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in untreated HIV-infected persons with and without neutralizing antibodies. Our results indicate that HIV-infected persons with neutralizing antibodies have significantly more robust CD4 + T cell responses targeting Gag and gp41 proteins than individuals who lack neutralizing antibodies. These associations suggest that Gag- and gp41-specific CD4 + T cell responses may provide robust help to B cells for the generation or maintenance of neutralizing antibodies in natural HIV-infection.
College Students’ Perceptions of and Experiences with Human Papillomavirus and Herpes: Implications for College Sexual Health Education

Sexually transmitted infections spread through skin-to-skin contact represent unique prevention challenges. This study examines how college students perceive safer sex practices with respect to human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes. Qualitative and quantitative data (n = 275) were collected using an online questionnaire. College students’ responses indicated that they believe sexually transmitted infection prevention strategies offer more protection against HPV and herpes than is evident in the literature. Students’ misunderstandings negatively impact coping and increases stigma. Educational strategies designed to highlight the nuances of safer sex with respect to skin-to-skin transmission of HPV and herpes are discussed.
Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition of the Low Birth Weight Infant

With increasing survival of extremely premature infants, emphasis is now focused on the quality of these survivors’ lives. Possibly the most important factor in the premature’s ability to survive in the NICU and thrive is the ability to replicate in utero growth through enteral and parenteral nutrition. Early initiation of amino acid administration and timely increases in the components of TPN, amino acids, carbohydrate, and lipid can improve the caloric intake of prematures. Insulin administration strictly for the purpose of increasing weight gain, though, is not indicated. Enteral feeds, particularly of breast milk, may be safely started within the first few days of life in all but hemodynamically unstable infants. Human milk is the preferred means of enteral nutrition in the low birth weight infant. However, it must be supplemented with protein, Ca, and P in order to provide sufficient nutrition to allow the premature to replicate in utero growth. Immaturity of the premature infant’s gut often makes it difficult to accomplish full enteral feeds in a timely fashion, leading to the prolonged need for TPN. TPN-associated cholestasis is the major complication of prolonged TPN administration; however, newer lipid preparations show promise in reversing the hepatic damage of TPN-associated cholestatic jaundice.
Problematic Projection to the In-Sample Subspace for a Kernelized Anomaly Detector

We examine the properties and performance of kernelized anomaly detectors, with an emphasis on the Mahalanobis-distance-based kernel RX (KRX) algorithm. Although the detector generally performs well for high-bandwidth Gaussian kernels, it exhibits problematic (in some cases, catastrophic) performance for distances that are large compared to the bandwidth. By comparing KRX to two other anomaly detectors, we can trace the problem to a projection in feature space, which arises when a pseudoinverse is used on the covariance matrix in that feature space. We show that a regularized variant of KRX overcomes this difficulty and achieves superior performance over a wide range of bandwidths.
Incidence of Abnormal FDG-PET in Partial Epilepsy

Forty children were studied with EEG, MRI, and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, within one year of their third unprovoked partial seizure, at the Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Somatic chromosome counts from leaf meristems in the tribe Triticeae.

The Feulgen procedure was applied to chromosome preparations of leaf meristems from growing plants of wheat, barley, and wheat-wheatgrass hybrids. Leaf primordia from the base of secondary tillers were pretreated in cold water (overnight, 2 C), fixed in glacial acetic acid (20 min, 2 C), hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl (14 min), stained in leuco-basic fuchsin (about 15 min) and squashed in 1% acetocarmine. The chromosome spreads from leaf meristems were generally superior to those of the root meristems of the same plant. Mitotic index in leaf meristems was higher than in root meristems in some species. The method appears useful for counting the chromosome number of growing plants, detecting chimeras, and verifying root tip chromosome counts.
Wave energy Generator and their Impact on Power System

Expounding the wave energy theory in brief.Summary of the wave energy generator classified according to different classifications,and gave a simple introduction to wave energy generator.The key issues facing points the current wave energy generator was summarized,and the trend of wave energy generator′s impact on power system was indicated.
Barbarism and Religion: The Historia Ecclesiastica and the later works of Le Clerc

THE NEW TESTAMENT: SOCINIANS, GNOSTICS AND PLATONISTS A quarter-century or more separates these episodes in Le Clerc's authorial and editorial career from his publication of the Historia Ecclesiastica duorum primorum a Christo nato saeculorum in 1716. The latter need not have been a climactic work in his active life, and it is Gibbon's interest in it, and consequently our own, which accounts for its position in this study. A central role in Le Clerc's career may have been played by an incident about 1694, when – being dissatisfied with his position in the Netherlands – he wrote to Gilbert Burnet, now bishop of Salisbury, whom he had known in Amsterdam in the mid-1680s, to enquire whether he might hope for an academic or ecclesiastical appointment in England. Burnet was obliged to reply – as, after the incident of the Naked Gospel, Le Clerc should have known for himself – that his reputation as a Socinian or some other kind of anti-Trinitarian was far too well established for any such move to be possible. Le Clerc responded by composing a commentary on the first chapter of the Gospel according to St John, in which he sought to explain in what sense he was a Trinitarian – though we know that he thought the doctrine of consubstantiality far from clearly established in the ante-Nicene church. He carefully dated this commentary, which he more than once republished, from Amsterdam between April and September of 1695.
Questions of Scientific Responsibility

In 1991 I was invited by the Division of Professional Relations of the American Chemical Society to participate in and give a talk at a Symposium, “Whistleblowers, Advocates, and the Law,” at their annual summer meeting. Although I could not go, Grace Horowitz (who chaired the Symposium) invited me to publish an article in a monograph containing the proceedings of this Symposium, to be published by the ACS.
Somersaulting Sovereignty: A Note on Reciprocal Lordship and Servitude in Wyclif

IN his treatise on civil lordship, written a few years before the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, Wyclif raises, incidentally, but in a particularly challenging way, the central problem of political philosophy. The problem is to work out a consistent idea of authority and subordination as reciprocal—in the biblically extreme terms of WycliPs formulation, a consistent idea of reciprocal lordship and servitude or mastery and slavery. It is unclear what part, if any, his brief discussion of reciprocity plays in the rest of Wyclif s thought. There are echoes, but nothing like the elaboration the idea might seem to deserve, and authoritative recent studies raise doubts even about the echoes. Still, if we are willing to interpret Wycliffian reciprocity for ourselves, the idea may prove a fruitful one.
The void in using urine concentration to assess population fluid intake adequacy or hydration status

Urine concentration can be used to assess fluid intake adequacy or to diagnose dehydration. However, too often urine concentration is used inappropriately to draw dubious conclusions that could have harmful health and economic consequences. Inappropriate uses of urine concentration relate primarily to convenience sampling (timing) and problems related to convenience sampling (misapplication of thresholds), but a conceptual problem also exists with using urine concentration in isolation. The purpose of this Perspective article is to briefly explain the problematic nature of current practices and to offer a possible solution to improve practice with minimal added complication. When urine is used exclusively to assess fluid intake adequacy and hydration status in adults, we propose that only when urine concentration is high (>850 mmol/kg) and urine excretion rate is low (<850 mL/24 h) should suspicion of inadequate drinking or impending dehydration be considered. Prospective tests of the 850 × 850 thresholds will provide supporting evidence and/or help refine the best thresholds for men and women, young and old.
Tics in Asperger’s Syndrome and Autistic Disorder

Twelve patients (8 male and 4 female; ages 3 to 32 years; 9 less than 16 years) with autistic spectrum disorder were evaluated in a Movement Disorders Clinic for tics, at the University of California, Irvine, CA.
Impressions of Walter Kohn

One month after I arrived in the US, I was sure that I could write a book about America and the Americans. I thought that I understood clearly and vividly their national character and what makes them different from Romanians. After living in the country for thirty years, too much exposure has dissolved the Americans into a mass of thousands of shapeless details. The same thing happened with my knowledge of Walter Kohn. Having seen so much (but not enough) of him, my impressions lack relief and are softened by too many nuances. As I try to write about him, my prose resembles that of Niels Bohr: one statement and ten secondary, qualifying sentences. To lighten the burden I decided to abandon any pretense of describing or explaining Walter Kohn. Here are a few stories and thoughts stimulated by Matthias’s request.
Large Space Structure Experiments on the Space Station: A Systems View

Abstract The Space Station and its accompanying platforms, such as the Earth Observing System (EOS), constitute the initial phase of deployment of large structural systems in space In this paper, four interrelated structural experiments, i.e., system identification, advanced adaptive control, distributed control, and dynamic disturbance control, are proposed as part of in-space technology development. The primary objective here is . to present the underlying approaches and scenarios for large structural system experimentation pertaining to the control aspects, requirements, specifications and overall conditions in which the experiments described can be performed For all four experiments, the strawman test article or experiment apparatus selected to represent generic flexible space structures is a large off-set fed wrap-rib antenna. This choice was made due to the structurally flexible antenna reflector dish whose figure and dynamic interactions with the long boom and feed, during deployment and operation, will require highly sophisticated and precise control and sensing system
Epileptologist's view: Laser interstitial thermal ablation for treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy

A procedure called laser interstitial thermal ablation has been utilized to treat drug resistant epilepsy. With this technique, a probe is stereotactically inserted into a target structure responsible for seizures, such as mesial temporal lobe, hypothalamic hamartoma, or a small malformation of cortical development, and the tip is then heated by application of laser energy to ablate structures adjacent to the probe tip. This procedure has the advantage of selectively targeting small lesions responsible for seizures, and is far less invasive than open surgery with shorter hospitalization, less pain, and rapid return to normal activities. Initial results in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy are promising, with perhaps half of patients becoming free of seizures after the procedure. Neuropsychological deficits appear to be reduced because of the smaller volume of ablated cortex in contrast to large resections. More research must be done to establish optimal targeting of structures for ablation and selection of candidates for surgery, and more patients must be studied to better establish efficacy and adverse effect rates.
A Fusion Hybrid Reactor Based on the Gasdynamic Mirror (GDM)

A fusion-fission hybrid reactor whose fusion component is the gasdynamic mirror (GDM) is proposed for power production that could meet the world’s energy needs of the next several decades. The choi...
Advanced lung disease. Palliation and terminal care.

Palliative care refers to medical or nursing interventions that alleviate symptoms without improving or preventing progression of the underlying disease. Smoking cessation, supplemental oxygenation, and lung transplantation aside, palliation remains the only therapeutic option of consequence for many progressive inflammatory or proliferative diseases of the lung, such as emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and the pneumoconioses. Thus, broadly considered, palliative care refers to much of what physicians and nurses do for patients with advanced lung disease. This article addresses palliative care in a narrower sense, by focusing on clinical decision making and the alleviation of symptoms after a chronic, nonmalignant lung disease advances to the stage at which relief from suffering supersedes the goals of prevention and cure. Once that point is reached and recognized by patient and physician, the primary test of medical efficacy becomes the quality rather than the duration of further survival. Life-prolonging interventions are generally forgone in favor of patient comfort and hygiene. The therapeutic armamentarium and the "rules" of care change accordingly. Surprisingly little has been written on this subject, considering that lung disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. A Medline search performed in early 1997 identified only two previous review articles on palliative care for patients with nonmalignant, chronic lung diseases. 69,79 Research on palliation of advanced lung disease has been almost as scarce. Only in the past decade have scientific techniques been developed for evaluating symptoms, clinical decision making, and quality of life in chronically or terminally ill patients. Until those techniques are applied in carefully designed therapeutic trials, the palliative care of patients with advanced lung disease will remain largely empiric, as described subsequently.
CES Panel Dynamics: A Discrete-Time Flow-Adjustment Model

In Chapter 4, it was noted that the design of the ongoing CES surveys incorporates a semi-panel feature, in that, following recruitment, households remain in the survey for four successive quarters. A household that was recruited, say, for the first quarter of a year will provide expenditure data for all four quarters of that year before exiting; a household that is recruited in the second quarter of the same year will provide expenditure data for the second, third, and fourth quarters of that year, plus the first quarter of the next year, before exiting; and so on and so forth. In each of the quarterly surveys, there will thus be some households for which data are available not only for the current quarter, but for as many as three preceding quarters.
Shank3B mutant mice display pitch discrimination enhancements and learning deficits

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a core set of atypical behaviors in social-communicative and repetitive-motor domains. Individual profiles are widely heterogeneous and include language skills ranging from nonverbal to hyperlexic. The causal mechanisms underlying ASD remain poorly understood but appear to include a complex combination of polygenic and environmental risk factors. SHANK3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3) is one of a subset of well-replicated ASD-risk genes (i.e., genes demonstrating ASD associations in multiple studies), with haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 following deletion or de novo mutation seen in about 1% of non-syndromic ASD. SHANK3 is a synaptic scaffolding protein enriched in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. In order to more closely evaluate the contribution of SHANK3 to neurodevelopmental expression of ASD, a knockout mouse model with a mutation in the PDZ domain was developed. Initial research showed compulsive/repetitive behaviors and impaired social interactions in these mice, replicating two core ASD features. The current study was designed to further examine Shank3B heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice for behaviors that might map onto atypical language in ASD (e.g., auditory processing, and learning/memory). We report findings of repetitive and atypical aggressive social behaviors (replicating prior reports), novel evidence that Shank3B KO mice have atypical auditory processing (low-level enhancements that might have a direct relationship with heightened pitch discrimination seen in ASD), as well as robust learning impairments.
1200kV High Power Testing Laboratory Configuration and Optimized Design Method of Oscillating Circuit

1200kV high power testing laboratory, a newly-built laboratory of the State Grid Corporation of China, has been equipped with some improved equipment recently. In this paper, we describe the current condition of the laboratory and discuss the principle of optimizing design of some important parameters for main equipment in oscillating circuit. First, it is important to choose a reasonable circuit to realize the aim of the laboratory. Second, most parameters of test duties of oscillating circuit should be calculated, and the variables of the circuit equations are transformed to no-dimensional form. Then the number of variables of the circuit equation reduces, and this will greatly reduce the workload of the parameter calculation. Third, based on the results including most parameters of test duties, we calculated overvoltage between different equipment by simulation, and the influence of parasitic parameters is considered as far as possible. Then, we can get the single-objective optimized configuration of device parameters by computer. Finally, we pointed out some insulation problems that should be paid particular attention to.
Long-Term Outcomes for Arthroscopic Thermal Treatment for Scapholunate Ligament Injuries

Background Arthroscopic electrothermal treatment of low-grade Geissler's scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears has shown clinical benefit at short-term follow-up. Questions/Purpose This study aims to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes in patients undergoing this treatment. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of all patients treated between 2005 and 2013 was performed. Patients were excluded with less than 5 years of follow-up, the presence of static SLIL injuries, prior wrist surgery, and concomitant denervation. Symptom resolution, return to activity, postoperative complications, range of motion, grip strength, and subsequent treatment were recorded. Each patient completed Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), Modified Mayo Wrist (MMW), and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaires. Results Nine patients underwent treatment for Geissler's grade I, II, and III SLIL injuries with a mean 7 years (range: 5–11 years) of follow-up. Mean grip strength was 99% of the nonsurgical extremity. Wrist motion was near symmetric with a mean of 76 (±14), 74 (±8), 21 (±13), and 40 degrees (±13) for wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation. QuickDASH improved significantly by a mean 39 points (50 (preoperative)–11 [postoperative], p = 0.009). Postoperative MMW and PRWE scores were 83 and 14, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) score was 1.4. A total of 90% was returned to their preinjury level of function or higher. Conclusions Arthroscopic electrothermal treatment of low-grade Geissler's SLIL tears demonstrates excellent objective and subjective outcomes at a minimum 5-year follow-up, providing evidence that this is an effective, safe, and, most importantly, durable-therapeutic modality. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.
Postexamination review using a standardized examination review form

Abstract There is limited evidence on best practices in a postexamination review. This article describes a standardized examination review process. After the examination review, students completed an evaluation to assess their satisfaction with the review process and lessons learned. Students that participated in the examination review (n = 18) reported they would recommend this method of review, and 66.7% (n = 12) were surprised by what they learned during the review. Faculty should standardize the method by which they provide feedback after an examination to encourage student reflection and engagement with examination content.
Axially Loaded Piles in Inundated Collapsible Soils under Compression and Tension Forces

The paper studies the behavior of axially loaded piles driven into inundated collapsible soils under compression and tension forces. Collapsible soils exhibit a considerable drop in the void ratio ...
Response to systemic therapy in patients with metastatic fumarate hydratase (FH) deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

686Background: FH-deficient RCC (FHRCC) is characterized by unique pathologic features and lack of FH staining on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Most cases are associated with germline FH mutations an...
A Switching Transmission Game with Latency as the User’s Communication Utility

We consider the communication between a source (user) and a destination in the presence of a jammer, and study resource assignment in a non-cooperative game theory framework using communication latency as the user’s utility. The user switches between two different modes, i.e., the (a) regular transmission mode, according to which both players follow a Nash equilibrium; and the (b) smart transmission mode, according to which the user always implements the best response strategy. First, we consider the case in which the switching between transmission modes occurs with a given frequency. For this case we find the optimal transmission power of the user by formulating and solving a Bayesian game problem. We show that an increase in the frequency of smart transmissions leads to a decrease in communication latency and to an increase in the total transmission cost. We determine the switching frequency that optimizes the latency-cost trade off using α-fairness criteria. We also discuss the implications of the proposed latency metric on the player strategies as compared to the previously well studied signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) metric.
A Principles-Based Analysis of Change in Forensic Mental Health Assessment During a Global Pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been far-reaching. Among other things, it has forced the reexamination of numerous aspects of professional procedures associated with law, psychiatry, psychology, and the forensic mental health assessments (FMHA) provided for courts and attorneys. In a
Theophylline-nicotinamide pharmaceutical co-crystals generated using hot melt extrusion technology: Impact of polymeric carriers on processability

The objective of the current study was to develop theophylline (TPH) nicotinamide (NAM) pharmaceutical co-crystals using the hot melt extrusion (HME) technology and evaluate the processability of the co-crystals using different polymeric carriers. A physical mixture of 1:1 M ratio of TPH and NAM was employed to prepare the co-crystals. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, polyethylene oxide, and Kollidon® VA-64 (5% w/w) were investigated as polymeric carriers for the HME process. Solid-state characterization using differential scanning calorimetry showed two endothermal peaks, one at 126.4 °C indicating eutectic formation and another at 174 °C indicating the melting point of the co-crystal for all formulations, except the Kollidon® VA-64 extrudates, which showed a single peak at 174 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of co-crystals. The feasibility to formulate the extrudates into solid dosage forms was assessed by formulating a tablet blend. The three-month stability studies showed no degradation at the accelerated stability conditions of 40 (±2) ° C and 75 (±5) % RH. Finally, the results demonstrated that the presence of mixing zones in screw configuration and extrusion temperature are critical processing parameters that influence co-crystal formation.
Slow Waves in Metamaterial Two-Dimensional-Resonant-Rods (2DRRs) Delay Lines

This paper presents a new class of Aluminum Nitride ( AlN ) delay-lines ( DLs ) for Ultra- and Super-High-Frequency ( U/SHF ) radio-frequency (RF) applications, enabled by the excitation of rod-modes in microacoustic resonant devices. These DLs are formed by a novel acoustic metamaterial structure, namely the Two-Dimensional-Resonant-Rods (2DRRs ), formed by a profiled AlN thin film. Just recently, 2DRRs with superior electromechanical coupling coefficient ( $k_{t}{}^{2} > 7.2\%$ ) were demonstrated. Such feature, in addition to the 2DRRs' unique dispersive characteristics, renders AlN 2DRRs promising components to form next-generation acoustic DLs for wideband RF applications. In this work, we designed a 2DRR-based $DL$ operating at 700MHz and we studied the performance of this device in terms of bandwidth-delay-product ( BDP ), a useful metric to benchmark any DLs . We show that the designed DL allows a 5dB -fractional bandwidth ( BW% ) exceeding 12% and an average in-band group delay ( GD ) surpassing 32ns , thus resulting into a record-high BDP for AlN DLs , exceeding 3.8 .
Architectural liminality: the communicative ethics of balconies and other urban passages

In this article, I offer a phenomenological examination of the communicative nature of architectural features located between the private and public spheres of the city. These include balconies, po...
Optimal Contract for Machine Repair and Maintenance

Maintenance outsourcing is quite common in industries that rely on complex and critical equipment. Instead of investing in the maintenance facilities, firms outsource maintenance activities to spec...
The Dark Side of Consensus and Creativity: What Mediators of Mass Disputes Need to Know About Agency Risks

This Essay looks at how mediators describe their role, and it asks whether—in negotiations to resolve mass disputes—the mindset and skill set of mediators may sometimes exacerbate rather than mitigate risks of self-serving conduct by lawyers. The Essay applies general concerns about class action settlements and non-class aggregate settlements to the particular problem of mass dispute mediation.
Export of photolabile and photoprimable dissolved organic carbon from the Connecticut River

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) impacts water quality, the carbon cycle, and the ecology of aquatic systems. Understanding what controls DOC is therefore critical for improving large-scale models and best management practices for aquatic ecosystems. The two main processes of DOC transformation and removal, photochemical and microbial DOC degradation, work in tandem to modify and remineralize DOC within natural waters. Here, we examined both the photo- and microbial remineralization of DOC (photolability and biolability), and the indirect phototransformation of DOC into biolabile DOC (photoprimed biolability) for samples that capture the spatiotemporal and hydrological gradients of the Connecticut River watershed. The majority of DOC exported from this temperate watershed was photolabile and the concentration of photolabile DOC correlated with UV absorbance at 254 nm (r2 = 0.86). Phototransformation of DOC also increased biolability, and the total photolabile DOC (sum of photolabile and photoprimed biolabile DOC) showed a stronger correlation with UV absorbance at 254 nm (r2 = 0.92). We estimate that as much as 49% (SD = 3.3%) and 10% (SD = 1.1%) of annual DOC export from the Connecticut River is directly photolabile and photoprimable, respectively. Thus, 2.82 Gg C year−1 (SD = 0.67 Gg C year−1) or 1.13 Mg C km−2 year−1 (SD = 0.27 km−2 year−1) of total photolabile DOC escapes photochemical degradation within the river network to be exported from the Connecticut River each year.