cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harassment Experiences of Women and LGBTQ Live Streamers and How They Handled Negativity

Live streaming is a form of interactive media that potentially makes streamers more vulnerable to harassment due to the unique attributes of the technology that facilitates enhanced information sharing via video and audio. In this study, we document the harassment experiences of 25 live streamers on Twitch from underrepresented groups including women and/or LGBTQ streamers and investigate how they handle and prevent adversity. In particular, live streaming enables streamers to self-moderate their communities, so we delve into the methods of how they manage their communities from both a social and technical perspective. We found that technology can cover the basics for handling negativity, but much emotional and relational work is invested in moderation, community maintenance, and self-care.
Age-associated changes to neuronal dynamics involve a loss of inhibitory signaling in C. elegans

In the aging brain, many of the alterations underlying cognitive and behavioral decline remain opaque. C. elegans offers a powerful model for aging research, with a simple, well-studied nervous system to further our understanding of the cellular modifications and functional alterations accompanying senescence. We perform multi-neuronal functional imaging across the aged C. elegans nervous system, measuring an age-associated breakdown in system-wide functional organization. At single-cell resolution, we detect shifts in activity dynamics toward higher frequencies, alongside a specific loss of inhibitory signaling occurring early in the aging process. These effects are partially delayed or accelerated by a long-lived or neurodegenerative mutant background, respectively. We further provide evidence that these effects are partially mediated through degradation of GABA signaling, via a pathway involving UNC-2/CaV2α and caspase activation. Data from mammals are consistent with our findings, suggesting a conserved shift in the balance of excitatory/inhibitory signaling with age leading to functional decline.
What Motivates Students About Open Pedagogy? Motivational Regulation Through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory

Open pedagogy is growing in popularity as an instructional method to decentralize classroom power dynamics, engage students, and provide greater meaning to student work. To investigate the impact of open pedagogy on motivation, interviews were conducted with first-year college students at a four-year liberal arts college after completing a semester-long project based on this pedagogical approach. Student responses were assessed using self-determination theory as a theoretical framework, particularly in relation to the motivation regulatory styles displayed by research participants. Results indicate that students experienced various forms of extrinsic motivation during the project based on open pedagogy, with autonomous forms of regulation being more prevalent than controlled regulation. Interview data also suggest that agency plays a role in mediating the internalization of student motivation. Based on these findings, suggestions are provided to the design of assignments in general and open pedagogy specifically to enhance development of autonomous forms of motivation.
The Streptococcus-Veillonella Community: How Genome Sequencing Aids Our Understanding of Interspecies Interaction

This chapter integrates unpublished data with the published reports on the synergism between veillonellae and streptococci. It speculates on how the genome sequence of veillonellae will help one understand its biology and potential role in the pathogenicity of the dental biofilm community. It was discovered that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resistance in Streptococcus mutans was increased 100 to 1,000-fold over monospecies culture in cocultures with Veillonella sp. strain PK1910. This chapter focuses on some important findings from the Veillonella sp. strain PK1910 genome. In the 1964 description of Veillonellasp. by Rogosa, the species V. alcalescens was distinguished from V. parvula by the ability to decompose H2O2. In the 1982 revision of the species, the former subspecies in V. alcalescens were classified as three species: V. ratti, V. criceti, and V. dispar. Veillonella species are among the most prevalent early colonizers of oral biofilm. In-depth investigations on the mechanism of interactions of veillonellae with other oral microbial species will contribute significantly to one's overall understanding of the ecology of oral biofilms in the human host. Different from a metagenomics approach, metatranscriptomics focuses on community member functions at a particular time under a particular condition.
The Mars Exploration Rover: An In Situ Science Mission to Mars

In this paper the concept for a mobile vehicle system which performs an in situ science mission to Mars is described. This rover mission with its requirements for driving, positioning at science selected targets, and remote and in situ measurement will utilize the technologies for hazard avoidance and autonomous navigation supported by ground operation tools which use rover-based imagery for position estimation and motion planning.
Identifying the contributions of letter identity and relative letter position to orthographic priming

Still and Morris (2008) discovered that nonword anagram primes interfere with word target processing when the letters in the prime appear in reverse order of the letters in the target (e.g., yruf FURY). This finding was unexpected as facilitation is typically found when a word target is preceded by an orthographically similar nonword prime (e.g., Grainger & Jacobs, 1999). The present study was designed to replicate and extend Still and Morris’ finding of anagram interference. Results across three experiments indicate that anagram interference is modulated by target word frequency, stimulus length, prime exposure duration, and whether or not the anagram prime and target share letters in the same relative positions (e.g., enorht vs. oetnrh vs. htoren for the target THRONE). In addition to replicating the finding of anagram interference, these results show that the anagram interference is robust and is not limited to a specific set of stimuli. Current models of word recognition are unable to account for the finding of anagram interference.
Eliminating fuzzy duplicates in data warehouses

The duplicate elimination problem of detecting multiple tuples, which describe the same real world entity, is an important data cleaning problem. Previous domain independent solutions to this problem relied on standard textual similarity functions (e.g., edit distance, cosine metric) between multi-attribute tuples. However, such approaches result in large numbers of false positives if we want to identify domain-specific abbreviations and conventions. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for eliminating duplicates in dimensional tables in a data warehouse, which are usually associated with hierarchies. We exploit hierarchies to develop a high quality, scalable duplicate elimination algorithm, and evaluate it on real datasets from an operational data warehouse.
Mammalian ferrochelatase. Overexpression in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein, purification and characterization

Ferrochelatase (protoheme ferrolyase, EC 4.99.1.1), a membrane-bound protein, catalyzes the terminal step of the heme biosynthesis in all living systems. A cDNA encoding the murine ferrochelatase (Taketani, S., Nakahashi, Y., Osumi, T., and Tokunaga, R. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 19377-19380) has been expressed in Escherichia coli, using the alkaline phosphatase promoter. Ferrochelatase was not only overexpressed in an active form, but more importantly, was produced as a "soluble protein" (i.e. associated with the soluble bacterial protein fraction). A simple purification from the ferrochelatase overproducing bacterial strain yielded approximately 50 mg of protein/2-3 liters of bacterial culture. Recombinant ferrochelatase exhibited identical physical and catalytic properties to those of mammalian ferrochelatases. Specifically, the recombinant ferrochelatase has iron and porphyrin as substrates, and N-methylprotoporphyrin and metal ions (e.g. Hg2+ and Mn2+), as strong inhibitors of its enzyme activity. The Km values are 112.5 microM for iron and 95 microM for deuteroporphyrin IX, which are in the same range of the Km values determined for the ferrochelatases isolated from natural sources. This report describes the overexpression of a mammalian ferrochelatase in E. coli, as a soluble protein, and its purification from an overproducing strain. The production of a functional and "soluble" ferrochelatase has significance for the pursuit of structural and functional studies of this enzyme.
Appearance-based virtual view generation of temporally-varying events from multi-camera images in the 3D room

We present an "appearance based" virtual view generation method for temporally-varying events taken by multiple cameras of the "3D Room", developed by our group. With this method we can generate images from any virtual view point between two selected real views. The virtual appearance view generation method is based on simple interpolation between two selected views. The correspondence between the views are automatically generated from the multiple images by use of the volumetric model shape reconstruction framework. Since the correspondences are obtained by the recovered volumetric model, even occluded regions in the views can be correctly interpolated in the virtual view images. The virtual view image sequences are presented for demonstrating the performance of the virtual view image generation in the 3D Room.
β-Adrenergic receptors suppress Rap1B prenylation and promote the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells

A greater understanding of the molecular basis of breast cancer metastasis will lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets and better treatments. Rap1B is a small GTPase that suppresses the metastasis of breast cancer cells by increasing cell-cell adhesion. In breast cancer, a decrease in Rap1B prenylation and subsequent loss of Rap1B at the plasma membrane decreases cell-cell adhesion and increases cell scattering, which promotes the metastatic phenotype. Protein kinase A (PKA) was recently found to phosphorylate Rap1B and inhibit its prenylation. PKA is activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that stimulate Gαs. In this study, we investigated whether the general Gαs activator, cholera toxin, and agonists of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR), which is a Gαs-coupled GPCR, promote Rap1B phosphorylation and inhibit its prenylation. We show here that cholera toxin and βAR activation phosphorylate Rap1B and inhibit its prenylation and membrane localization, reducing cell-cell adhesion and promoting cell scattering. Furthermore, we report that breast cancer cell migration is decreased by the FDA-approved β-blocker, propranolol. Pharmacological targeting of GPCRs, especially those such as the βAR that are regulated by FDA-approved drugs, to increase cell adhesion and decrease cell scattering could provide a promising therapeutic approach to reduce breast cancer metastasis.
Use of Dialyzing Culture Technique for High Yield of Mycoplasma

Pollock, Mary E. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Use of dialyzing culture technique for high yield of Mycoplasma. J. Bacteriol. 90:1682–1685. 1965.—The saprophytic pleuropneumonia-like organism, Mycoplasma laidlawii, type A, was cultivated within a dialyzing membrane suspended in a reservoir of uninoculated medium. Generation time was not decreased by this method, but the period of active growth was prolonged, and the final yield was 10-fold that attained by the usual cultural methods. A defined mixture, which alone would not support growth of Mycoplasma, could replace the complex soy peptone-yeast extract medium in the inner membrane vessel of the dialyzing culture flask with no decrease in growth rate or yield.
Loving More, Being Less: Reflections on Vladimir Jankélévitch’s Le paradoxe de la morale

In Le paradoxe de la morale , Vladimir Jankelevitch proposes that the moral life is a matter of balancing the demands of love, which call us to give without limit, and our natural, egoistical attachment to self, which he terms 'being'. This balancing act is ultimately paradoxical since love must both depend on and overcome being. The vision of moral life as a paradoxical balancing act of love and being, however, is implicitly challenged by another, "supernatural" vision of ethics that Jankelevitch proposes near the end of the text. In these passages, the egoism of being that marks human nature is not merely balanced but genuinely transformed by the passionate care for an other. In this paper, these two visions of the ethical life offered by Jankelevitch's text are discussed in turn, and a way to read them as complementary rather than contradictory is proposed.
Needs assessment of community-based services for children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders and their families: Part 2. Implementation in a local system of care.

In a previous article, rationale and procedures were presented for a model needs assessment of community-based services for children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders and their families. In this article, the authors describe initial needs assessment planning activities, examine the implementation of the proposed model, provide a general overview of the results, and review how the community that conducted the assessment used the information to identify system development priorities and action plans. Quantitative data are provided on the population demographics and parent and direct service provider surveys. Qualitative data are presented on the semistructured interviews with key stakeholders and direct service providers.
Reconstruction and visualization of complex 3D pore morphologies in a high-pressure die-cast magnesium alloy

Abstract Visualization and representation of three-dimensional (3D) pore morphologies in the high-pressure die-cast Mg alloys are of significant interest for understanding and modeling processing–microstructure–properties relationships. In this contribution, an efficient and unbiased montage serial sectioning technique is applied for reconstruction of large volume (∼1.24 × 10 9 μm 3 ) high-resolution (∼1 μm) 3D microstructure of a high-pressure die-cast AM50 Mg alloy containing gas (air) and shrinkage pores. The reconstruction of 3D microstructure from montage serial sections enables visualization and characterization of detailed 3D morphologies and spatial correlations of gas (air) and shrinkage pores. The reconstructed 3D microstructure is implemented in a 3D finite elements (FE) computational framework to illustrate how realistic complex microstructural feature morphologies can be incorporated in the simulations of micromechanical response of these high-pressure die-cast cast microstructures.
Organ Visualization Using Scintillation Camera Techniques.

Excerpt Organ visualization, using appropriate compounds labeled with radioisotopes, is fairly universal in application and availability today. These studies are generally done with conventional sc...
Multiple ligands of von Willebrand Factor binding protein (vWbp) promote Staphylococcus aureus clot formation in human plasma

Staphylococcus aureus secretes coagulase (Coa) and von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp) to activate host prothrombin and form fibrin cables, thereby promoting the establishment of infectious lesions. The D1-D2 domains of Coa and vWbp associate with, and non-proteolytically activate prothrombin. Moreover, Coa encompasses C-terminal tandem repeats for binding to fibrinogen, whereas vWbp has been reported to associate with von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen. Here we used affinity chromatography with non-catalytic Coa and vWbp to identify the ligands for these virulence factors in human plasma. vWbp bound to prothrombin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and factor XIII, whereas Coa co-purified with prothrombin and fibrinogen. vWbp association with fibrinogen and factor XIII, but not fibronectin, required prothrombin and triggered the non-proteolytic activation of FXIII in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus coagulation of human plasma was associated with the recruitment of prothrombin, FXIII, and fibronectin as well as the formation of cross-linked fibrin. FXIII activity in staphylococcal clots could be attributed to thrombin-dependent proteolytic activation as well as vWbp-mediated non-proteolytic activation of FXIII zymogen.
Facile Synthesis of Gold Icosahedra in an Aqueous Solution by Reacting HAuCl4 with N‐Vinyl Pyrrolidone

Herein we describe a protocol that generates Au icosahedra in high yields by simply mixing aqueous solutions of HAuCl 4 and N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Our mechanistic study reveals that water plays an important role in this synthesis: as a nucleophile, it attacks the gold-vinyl complex, leading to the production of an alcohol-based Au I intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes a redox reaction in which Au I is reduced to Au 0 , leading to the formation of Au atoms and then Au icosahedra of about 18 nm in size at a yield of 94 %, together with a carboxylic acid in the final product. This new protocol has also been employed to prepare multiply twinned nanoparticles of Ag (15-20 nm in size), spherical aggregates (25-30 nm in size) of Pd nanoparticles, and very small nanoparticles of Pt (2 nm in size). Since no organic solvent, surfactant, or polymer stabilizer is needed for all these syntheses, this protocol may provide a simple, versatile, and environmentally benign route to noble-metal nanoparticles having various compositions and morphologies.
NOR activity and centromere suppression related in a de novo fusion tdic(9;13)(p22;p13) chromosome in a child with del(9p) syndrome

A female infant with del(9p) syndrome was found to have the karyotype 45,XX,tdic(9;13)(p22;p13) de novo. In the translocation chromosome, various combinations of AgNOR activity and inactivity were found with suppression of either the 9 or neither centromere. These phenomena of discontinuous centromeric suppression and variation in NOR activity in the one chromosome were scored on AgNOR, GTG, and a combination of AgNOR- and GTG-banded preparations. With AgNOR staining, 15.8% tdic chromosomes were AgNOR-positive, and this coincided (in preparations with GTG banding only) with 16% tdic chromosomes with a nonstaining gap present at the NOR site. This suggested that when the NOR-nonstaining gap was present the AgNOR staining would be positive; this was confirmed by the absence of gaps in combination AgNOR-GTG-banded preparations. In cells with tdic-NOR-negative chromosomes, equal proportions of cells with the 13 or both centromeres constricted were observed, but in cells with tdic-AgNOR-positive chromosomes there was only half the proportion of tdic chromosomes with both centromeres constricted; ie, there was a (significant) tendency towards inactivity of the NOR when both centromeres were constricted in the tdic chromosome. Therefore, the 2 phenomena, variation in NOR activity and centromeric suppression, are interrelated in this case.
Brownian Motion On A Lipschitz Riemannian Manifold Composed Of Different Materials

This paper gives a short time Gaussian type of upper bound for the radial part of the Brownian motion on such a manifold under the condition that the volume growth of the geodesic ball is less fast than the exponential function of the squared radius
Effect of electrode pore geometry modeled using Nernst–Planck–Poisson-modified Stern layer model

A planar electrode containing cylindrical pores with semi-circular ends is modeled using a finite element implementation of the transient nonlinear 2D Nernst– Planck–Poisson-modified Stern (NPPMS) model. The model uses a modified Stern layer to account for finite ion size. The study includes the effects of pore radius and depth on the predicted electric potential, ion concentration, surface charge density, surface energy density, and charging time. The ion concentration and electric potential are found to be sensitive to the change in radii of the pore and insensitive to the pore depth. The surface charge density is slightly higher within the pore than along the vertical flat regions of the electrode. The increase in surface area due to porosity increases the charging time.
Broadband absorbers for the mid-IR based on multi-screen frequency selective surfaces

Infrared (IR) absorbers have been previously studied for use in narrow-band and multi-band applications. Here, we investigate a broadband absorber structure comprised of multiple, stacked frequency selective surface screens. A genetic algorithm is successfully employed to optimize a structure with three Au screens to exhibit high absorptivity across the mid-IR range from 3 µm to 5 µm.
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory database SAO92.

Abstract The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) maintains a molecular line database (the SAO line database) for analysis of atmospheric spectra in the far i.r. and longer-wave mid i.r., from 10-800 cm -1 . This database combines the best currently available line parameters, including the HITRAN 1.2 molecular database, the JPL submillimeter, millimeter, and microwave spectral line catalog 3 (JPLSMM), and other available measurements and calculations. The current version of the database contains 154.895 lines from H 2 O, CO 2 , O 3 , N 2 O, CO, CH 4 , O 2 (including the 1 Δ state), NO, SO 2 , NO 2 , NH 3 , HNO 3 , OH, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, ClO, OCS, H 2 CO, HOCl, HCN, H 2 O 2 , O( 3 P ), and HO 2 . The database is available in both HITRAN-type 80 character (SAO92) and 100 character (SAO92A) formats. 1. L.S. Rothman, R.R. Gamache, A. Goldman, L.R. Brown, R.A. Toth, H.M. Pickett, R.L. Poynter, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Barbe, N. Husson, C.P. Rinsland, and M.A.H. Smith, Appl. Opt. 26 , 4058 (1987). 2. L.S. Rothman, R.R. Gamache, R.H. Tipping, C.P. Rinsland, M.A.H. Smith, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Perrin, A. Goldman, S.T. Massie, L.R. Brown, and R.A. Toth, JQSRT . 48 , 469 (1992). 3. R.L. Poynter and H.M. Pickett, Submillimeter millimeter and microwave spectral line catalog, Publ. 80-23, revision 2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA (1984).
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

The interface between thyroid hormone action and neuropsychiatric function is intricate, and several mechanisms of thyroid hormone uptake into brain tissues, hormone activation, and influences on neurotransmitter generation have been identified. Symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspecific, whereas those attributed to thyrotoxicosis may be more characteristic. Neuropsychiatric manifestations triggered by thyroid dysfunction likely respond well to reestablishment of the euthyroid state, although some patients have persistent complaints. The addition of LT3 to ongoing LT4 replacement has yet to be definitively shown to be advantageous. Treatment of euthyroid depression with LT3 in addition to antidepressant therapy lacks convincing evidence of superior outcomes.
Infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide into the ventral tegmental area potentiate amphetamine conditioned place preferences

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine (DA) coexist in both cell body and terminal areas of a mesolimbic pathway that projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (N ACC). Autoradiography reveals extensive CCK binding sites in the N ACC, but not in the VTA. However, iontophoresis of CCK into the VTA results in activation or deactivation of DA neuronal firing rates, and bursting activity (depending on the dose of CCK administered). CCK could have neuromodulatory effects on mesolimbic DA neurons. In two studies, behavioral effects of infusions of CCK into the VTA were examined in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The CPP paradigm is a behavioral test used to assess reinforcement induced by drug administration. Drugs with reinforcing properties can condition preferences for novel environments. CCK infusions into the VTA (0.0, 0.04, 0.4, and 4.0 ng/cannula) potentiated amphetamine CPPs in a dose-dependent linear manner. CCK infusions by themselves did not have significant effects in the CPP paradigm. Results indicate a neuromodulatory role for CCK on the neuronal mechanisms that mediate the reinforcing effects of amphetamine. Results also implicate sites of action for CCK in the VTA.
Voting and Indigenous disappearance

This paper will explore the ambivalence within the Native communities about the right to vote through an engagement with critical race theory. In particular this paper analyzes the relationship between anti-Native and anti-Black racisms through an assessment of US court cases’ deployment of citizenship and voting in articulating these distinct racializations.
Understanding North Pacific carbon cycle changes

Although increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been well documented, the response of the ocean to these changes is less understood, particularly on regional space scales. Evidence is accumulating that there is substantial variability in the cycling of carbon and related biogeochemical elements over a wide range of timescales, including inter-annual and decadal timescales, which have been the focus of studies aimed at identifying a climate change signal. Most of these studies, however, have been limited in time, space, or number of parameters examined, preventing a full appreciation of the scale and magnitude of the changes. In June 2004, scientists gathered in Seattle, Washington, to synthesize individual studies of the North Pacific into a coherent picture of North Pacific carbon cycle changes, and to identify the requirements for detecting a long-term climate change signal. The workshop established many new international and interdisciplinary collaborations and helped develop plans for 14 synthesis manuscripts.
Impaction allografting for femoral component revision in total hip arthroplasty: Surgical indications, techniques, and review of results*

Several options have been described for revision of a failed femoral component in total hip arthroplasty. When severe bone-stock deficiency is present, techniques using cemented implants, cementless implants, allograft-prosthetic composites, and proximal femoral replacement prostheses have all been used. The present report focuses on a new technique: cancellous impaction allografting with cement. This reconstructive option involves inserting and shaping tightly packed cancellous bone into the femoral canal to create a so-called “neo-endosteum,” into which a prosthesis is inserted with cement. This article includes a brief history of the technique, an algorithm of surgical indications for the various femoral revision techniques, a summary of the surgical method as well as technical tips, the known complications of impaction allografting, and a review of published clinical results regarding this relatively new technique.
Functional assessment of accommodating intraocular lenses versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: Metaanalysis

Purpose To compare accommodating intraocular lens (IOLs) and monofocal IOLs in restoring accommodation in cataract surgery. Setting Dartmouth Medical School and Department of Ophthalmology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. Methods In this metaanalysis, 2 researchers independently extracted data, assessed trial quality, and contacted authors for missing information. Because of measurement-scale variations, outcomes were pooled for distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] and anterior displacement of the lens as weighted mean differences (95% CI). Results The metaanalysis comprised 12 randomized controlled studies of 727 eyes. Based on 10 studies that compared DCNVA, accommodating IOLs were favored but failed the test of heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). Pooling the 6 homogeneous trials (I2 = 43%) showed no difference (standardized mean difference, −0.16; 95% CI, −0.56 to 0.25). Heterogeneity could not be explained by any characteristic of the study population or methodology. Based on 4 studies that evaluated pilocarpine-induced IOL shift, there was a significant anterior compared with the control (weighted mean difference, 95% CI, −0.36 − 0.47 to −0.24]), although the studies were heterogeneous (I2 = 58%). Three of 5 studies mentioning posterior capsule opacification (PCO) reported increased rates in the accommodating IOL group postoperatively. Conclusions There was no clear evidence of near acuity improvement despite statistically significant pilocarpine-induced anterior lens displacement. Further randomized controlled studies with standardized methods evaluating adverse effects (eg, PCO) are needed to clarify the tradeoffs. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Valvular disease in the elderly: Influence on surgical results

Abstract Aortic valve disease in the elderly is primarily calcific stenosis with preservation of left ventricular function. In contrast, mitral valve disease in the elderly often is ischemic in nature with damage occurring to both valve and myocardium. The present study was undertaken to compare results of aortic (AVR) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in the elderly and to ascertain predictors of poor outcome. Because patients who had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are included (51% for AVR, 55% for MVR), patients who had isolated CABG were used as a comparison group. Between January 1, 1984, and June 30, 1991, 1,386 patients aged 70 years and older underwent CABG (n = 1,043), AVR (n = 245), or MVR (n = 98). The operative mortality rates were 5.3% for AVR, 20.4% for MVR, and 5.8% for CABG. Late follow-up of patients undergoing operation in 1984 and 1985 was available for 98% (231/237). Overall survival was comparable for all three groups through the first 5 years of follow-up (AVR, 68% ± 8%; MVR, 73% ± 8%; CABG, 78% ± 3%). After 5 years, survival for patients having AVR and MVR was less than that for those having CABG. Patient age, sex, New York Heart Association functional class, concomitant CABG, prosthetic valve type, native valve pathology, and preoperative catheterization data were examined as possible predictors of outcome by multivariate logistic regression. Among MVR patients, New York Heart Association functional class, ischemic valvular pathology, and higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were predictive of operative mortality; poor left ventricular function was a predictor of poor long-term survival (17% versus 100% at 7 years; p p = 0.0002), were more often male (55% versus 39%; p = 0.006), had a lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (18 ± 11 versus 24 ± 10 mm Hg; p = 0.0001), and had fewer critically diseased vessels ( p = 0.001). These results suggest that AVR in the elderly has an operative mortality similar to that of isolated CABG. In contrast, MVR is less well tolerated, especially in patients with ischemic mitral disease. Survival 5 years postoperatively is similar among AVR, MYR, and CABG patients but becomes significantly worse thereafter for AVR and MVR patients.
Giving credit where credit is due: Dorothy Swaine Thomas and the “Thomas Theorem”

This study examines how Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection to the well-known “Thomas Theorem” is documented in introductory sociology texts. W.I. Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas co-authoredThe Child in America (1928) in which the “theorem” first appears. However, it was not until the mid-1970s that Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection to these words begins to be cited in the books surveyed. The author suggests one reason for this pattern of neglect is a professional ideology that encouraged a process of genderization in sociology. It is only when women start to gain more visibility in the discipline that Dorothy Swain Thomas begins to be cited. The various ways the texts differ from the basic norms of citation are analyzed and discussed. Sociology, being a social phenomenon, needs to be studied as one. Everett Hughes (1958:157)
Transverse buckling of a rotating Timoshenko beam

This work considers a group of problems associated with rotating Timoshenko beams. The beam is not assumed to be hubclamped, i.e. the axis of rotation does not necessarily pass through the beam's clamped end. Cases of physical interest involving off-clamped beams include wobbling rotors, impellor blades, and turbine blades. For clamped-free boundary conditions, we seek solutions of the governing equations which correspond to transverse buckling. For the rotor, it is known that Euler-Bernoulli beams do not have buckled modes. By contrast, the Timoshenko beam will have an infinite number of buckled modes. In the impellor blade case, both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams will have an infinite number of buckled modes. However, the Timoshenko beam will buckle at a lower eigenrotation speed. This is also true for the case of a rotating Timoshenko beam with clamped-clamped boundary conditions, e.g. a turbine blade clamped at both the rim and hub of a rotating platform. Analytic results for both the clamped-free and clamped-clamped cases are augmented by results obtained from numerical solution of the corresponding boundary value problems.
LOCATION FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER ATTRACTION TO RETAIL FIRMS1

ABSTRACT Spatial variability in consumer attraction to retail firms may be considered a function of the location of individual retail establishments. A statistical analysis of spatial relationships of important locational considerations was conducted in the city of Waco, Texas. The results of the analysis indicate that location of competition and investment factors are extremely important considerations when attempting to explain differences in the number of consumers attracted to retail firms.
A note on “minimizing the maximum deviation of job completion time about a common due-date”

Abstract A recent paper by Cheng analyzed the problem of simultaneous determination of a common due-date and a sequence of n jobs to minimize the maximum deviation of job completion time around the common due-date. It is assumed that all jobs are available at time zero and their processing times, t i 's, are known in advance. The analysis in Cheng used an LP formulation and duality results to prove the theorems. This note provides an alternate simpler proof for the same results. We also give some results for the case when splitting and preemption are allowed. A recent paper by Cheng [1] gives an optimal solution to the problem of setting a common due-date and sequence of n jobs on a single machine. All jobs are available at time zero and their processing times, t i 's, are known in advance. The objective is to determine the optimal common due-date value k ∗ , and the sequence ( σ ) to minimize the maximum deviation of job completion time about the common due-date. We here give a much simpler proof of the results derived in [1]. The notations used here are the same as in [1]. Let C [1] denote the completion time (decision variable) and t [i] denote the given processing time of a job in the i th position of sequence σ.
Interaction of radiation and adriamycin on the EMT6 tumor as a function of tumor size and assay method.

Abstract The interaction of radiation and Adriamycin (ADR) in vivo was studied in 3 different sizes of the EMT6/SF tumor, i.e., 1 cm flank tumors, 2 mm macroscopic lung nodules, and microscopic pulmonary metastases. For the flank tumors the drug was slightly more effective when administered intravenously (IV) than intraperitoneally when survival was assayed in vitro at 24 hours after drug treatment. No significant cell kill or growth delay was observed at doses below 15 mg/kg when the response was assayed with the lung colony assay and regrowth analysis. When ADR was combined with radiation, there was no significant difference in survival with variation of the time interval between drug and radiation administration from −48 hrs. to +48 hrs. When flank tumors were treated with ADR, 15 mg/kg IV, followed in 24 firs. by graded doses of radiation, additive killing effect was seen at low radiation doses but the survival levels were the same as radiation alone at high doses. Adriamycin was slightly more effective against 2 mm artificial macroscopic pulmonary metastases than the flank tumors, but it did not cause significant changes in the radiation dose response curve of these tumors. When the EMT6/SF tumor cells were treated in the lungs 24 hours after transplantation, there was increased cell kill with ADR alone when compared to the 2 mm macroscopic metastases and 1 cm flank tumors. The combined effects of ADR and radiation for the microscopic pulmonary metastases appeared to be strictly additive killing.
Design & Rationale of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS)

Abstract The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial. It is designed to test the hypothesis that in addition to a lipid-lowering diet, treatment with lovastatin is more effective than placebo in reducing acute major coronary events (i.e., sudden cardiac death, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina) in a cohort with normal to mildly elevated total (180 to 264 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (130 to 190 mg/dl) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (≤45 mg/dl for men and ≤47 mg/dl for women). Two sites in Texas, Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio and the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, will conduct the study. After at least 12 weeks of an American Heart Association Step 1 diet and 2 weeks placebo run-in, 6,605 men and women, ages 45 to 73 and 55 to 73 years, respectively, without clinical evidence of coronary heart disease, are randomized in equal numbers to either lovastatin (20 mg/day) or placebo. Study procedures maintain the blind, allowing titration of lovastatin from 20 to 40 mg/day to achieve an LDL cholesterol goal of ≤110 mg/dl. All participants are followed until study completion, when 320 participants have had a primary end point or a minimum of 5 years after the last participant is randomized, whichever occurs last. All end points are adjudicated by an independent committee using prespecified criteria. Unique features of this trial are (1) the inclusion of unstable angina in the primary end point to reflect the increasing trend to treat coronary heart disease aggressively before a myocardial infarction has occurred, (2) aggressive pharmacologic intervention, with titration, to attain an LDL cholesterol goal less than the current National Cholesterol Education Panel guidelines for primary prevention, and (3) a cohort that includes women, the elderly, and those with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia and low HDL cholesterol. Compared with earlier studies, results will be applicable to a broader population and may help clarify the role of aggressive LDL cholesterol reduction measures in primary prevention. Treatment of this population is likely to realize the greatest cumulative long-term benefit in the prevention of acute major coronary events.
Variations in the Availability and Price of Healthier Food Options by Store Type and Urban–Rural Setting

We used a comprehensive ground-truthed data set collected in 2006 from all traditional, convenience, and nontraditional retail food stores in the 6 rural and one urban counties of the Brazos Valley in Central Texas (n = 335) to identify location and store type, categories, and prices of healthier food options for food stores. There were small significant differences in availability and average price between rural and urban counties across all store types. Superstores provided substantially more availability and cheaper healthful foods, especially fresh items. Convenience stores and dollar stores improved the availability of healthier foods in both rural and urban settings. However, the prices offered by convenience stores were considerably higher in general.
Theoretical calculations of diatomic metal oxides. CrO and CrO

Abstract Large scale multireference configuration interaction calculations have been carried out on the 5Π state of the CrO and the 4Π and 4Σ− states of the CrO+ ion. The results for the Re and ωe (1.647 A, 850 cm−1) for CrO are in good agreement with experimentally determined values. In the case of CrO+ the 4Π and 4Σ− states are found to lie close in energy. The calculated results for the Re and ωe for the 4Π (1.622A, 895 cm−1) and the 4Σ− (1.638 A., 801 cm−1) states are in poor agreement with those of experiment, but are consistent with those of another ab initio calculation. In view of this, a reanalysis of the experimental spectrum may be in order.
School District Size and Student Performance.

Abstract This paper examines the impact of district size on student academic performance using 1999 school level data provided by the California Department of Education. A production function is estimated, with the California Academic Performance Index (a weighted average of Stanford 9 test scores) as the dependent variable. Controlling for characteristics of the student population and other environmental factors, including class and school size, district size appears to hinder educational achievement, having its biggest impact on middle school student performance. The results from California point toward reducing school district size, along with school and class size at the elementary level, as potentially important to educational reform.
A failure to replicate cross-generational effects of diphenylhydantoin in an F1 offspring group.

An attempt was made to replicate the previous finding that undrugged offspring of rats chronically drugged with Diphenylhydantoin demonstrated a learning deficit as measured from avoidance conditioning. The present findings call into question our previously published conclusions. One new finding was the lack of appreciable difference across drug groups regardless of the drug experience of the parent animal.
Topic-Comment Structure, Focus Movement, and Gapping Formation

While canonical gapping in English can be analyzed as either VPellipsis (e.g., Sag 1976, Pesetsky 1982, Jayaseelan 1990, Lasnik 1999a, Johnson 2000, Coppock 2001, Lin 2002, Baltin 2003, Takahashi 2004) or across-the-board V/VP-movement (Johnson 1994, 2004, 2006, 2009), certain English-like gapping constructions in Modern Mandarin are argued to be multiple sentence fragments, formed by a series of syntactic operations that involve topicalization, focus movement, and IP-deletion.
The value of multigene predictors of clinical outcome in breast cancer: an analysis of the evidence

Objective: Multigene predictors are being used increasingly in early-stage breast cancer patients for prediction and prognosis. However, one consequence of the increased use of multigene predictors, and the heightened efforts toward their incorporation into routine clinical practice, is the potential for future malpractice litigation. It is, therefore, important to ascertain the strength of the evidence for using the different commercially available multigene predictor assays clinically. We evaluated the literature for evidence of clinical validity of four currently available gene signatures and to assess the influence of the 21-gene-expression assay on changes in treatment recommendations. Methods: A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature from January 2002 to March 2014 for multigene predictor assays was carried out, and a meta-analysis was conducted. Results: The adjusted Cox hazard ratio average for studies that met the eligibility criteria was 3.538 (95% CI: 1.513–8.469). The 21-gene signat...
Brief Report: The Assessment of Anxiety in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Anxiety may exacerbate interpersonal difficulties and contribute to secondary behavioral problems in adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD). This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties and construct validity of measures of anxiety with a sample (n = 30) of adolescents with HFASD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Results indicate that the measures (CASI-Anxiety Scale; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; MASC; March 1998) possess acceptable internal consistency, and there is evidence of discriminant validity. Most of the adolescents, however, under-reported problems with anxiety, compared to parent-reported and clinician-derived reports and given they were seeking treatment for anxiety problems. Findings highlight the importance of using multiple raters in clinical practice and consideration of rater discrepancies in clinical research.
Analysis of pathfinder SST algorithm for global and regional conditions

As part of the Pathfinder program developed jointly by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) a large database ofin situ sea surface temperature (SST) measurements coincident with satellite data is now available to the user community. The Pathfinder Matchup Database (PMDB) is a multi-year, multi-satellite collection of coincident measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and broadly distributed buoy data (matchups). This database allows the user community to test and validate new SST algorithms to improve the present accuracy of surface temperature measurements from satellites. In this paper we investigate the performance of a global Pathfinder algorithm to specific regional conditions. It is shown that for zenith angles less than 45°, the best-expected statistical discrepancy between satellite and buoy data is about ∼ 0.5 K. In general, the bias of the residuals (satellite — buoy) is negative in most regions, except in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas, where the residuals are always positive. A seasonal signal in SST residuals is observed in all regions and is strongest in the Indian Ocean. The channel-difference term used as a proxy for atmospheric water vapor correction is observed to be unresponsive for columnar water vapor values greater than 45 mm and high zenith angles. This unresponsiveness of the channels leads to underestimation of sea surface temperature from satellites in these conditions.
Caution in generalizing known genetic risk markers for breast cancer across all ethnic/racial populations

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants associated with breast cancer risk among women of European and Asian ancestries. To assess the generalizability across ethnic/racial populations of a risk score derived from genotyping 12 highly replicated breast cancer GWAS hits, we performed a case-control study (2224 cases and 2827 controls) nested in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, which was initiated in 1993–1996 and consists of subjects mainly from European-American, African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese and Latino populations. When viewed as a summary risk score, the total number of risk alleles carried by women was significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall (OR per allele, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.12; P=2.0 × 10−10) and in all populations except African-Americans, in which no significant association was observed (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98–1.08). In aggregate, the number of risk alleles is strongly associated with breast cancer risk in all populations studied except African-Americans. These results emphasize the need for large-scale association studies of multiple racial/ethnic groups for discovery and characterization of risk alleles relevant to all populations in the United States.