cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cluster analysis of circulating plasma biomarkers in prurigo nodularis reveals a distinct systemic inflammatory signature in African Americans.

Patients with prurigo nodularis (PN) suffer from intractable itch and dramatic reduction in quality of life. While there is significant clinical heterogeneity in the presentation of PN, disease endotypes remain unknown. We assayed circulating plasma cytokine concentrations in PN patients (n=20) along with matched healthy controls and utilized an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify disease endotypes. We found two distinct clusters of PN patients with non-inflammatory (Cluster 1) and inflammatory (Cluster 2) plasma profiles. Cluster 2 had more African-Americans (82%, n=9 vs. 33%, n=3; P=0.028), higher worst-itch numeric rating scale scores (9.5±0.9 vs. 8.3±1.2; P=0.036), and lower quality of life as reflected by higher Dermatology Life Quality Index scores (21.9±6.4 vs. 13.0±4.1; P=0.015). In addition, Cluster 1 had a higher rate of myelopathy (67%, n=6 vs. 18%, n=2; P=0.028). Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 2 had higher levels of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-25, and IFN-α. With population-level analysis, African-American PN patients had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, eosinophils, and lower transferrin than Caucasian PN patients. These findings indicate discrete clusters of PN patients with plasma biomarker profiles corresponding to distinct demographic and clinical characteristics, potentially allowing for precision medicine approaches to treat PN.
Identity And The Artistic Process In Yoruba Esthetic Concept Of ÌwÀ

Oriṣa nla d’aro mẹtaO da’kan ni dudu,O da’kan ni pupa,O da’kan ni funfun.Dudu ni o rẹ mi,O o gbọdọ rẹ mi ni pupa.Dudu ni o rẹ mi,O o gbọdọ rẹ mi ni funfun,Iwa mi ni o kọ tete rẹNi kutukutu Ọbariṣa....
Impact of tillage and crop establishment methods on rice yields in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system in Southwest China.

Simplified cultivation methods for rice production offer considerable social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, limited information is available on yield components of rice grown using simplified cultivation methods in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system. A field experiment using two hybrid and two inbred rice cultivars was conducted to compare four cultivation methods (conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP; conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP; no-tillage and direct seeding, NTDS) in a rice-ratoon rice system from 2017 to 2020. Main season yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively; whereas ratoon season yields for CTDS and NTDS were equal to or higher than for CTTP. Annual grain yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The higher CTDS and NTDS yields were associated with higher panicle numbers per m2 and biomass production. Rice hybrids had higher yields than inbred cultivars by 15.8–19.3% for main season and by 15.6–19.4% for ratoon season, which was attributed to long growth duration, high grain weight and biomass production. Our results suggest that CTTP can be replaced by CTDS and NTDS to maintain high grain yields and save labor costs. Developing cultivars with high grain weight could be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yields in the rice-ratoon rice cropping system in southwest China.
A unified framework for interpreting a range of motivation-performance phenomena

Abstract Effects of motivation on cognition and performance have been found empirically in different fields. However, the relationship between motivation and performance seems complex and multi-faceted. While seemingly inconsistent or incompatible studies and theories of different disciplinary origins exist in this regard, we show that many of them can potentially be synthesized. Simulations within a unifying computational cognitive architecture account for empirical phenomena from different studies, which demonstrate that a mechanistic (computational) account can potentially unify the interpretations of these studies, largely based on utility calculation from intrinsic motives, and allow for further, more detailed explorations.
Redefining the biological basis of lineage-ambiguous leukemia through genomics: BCL11B deregulation in acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage

Abstract Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL), including mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) and related entities such as early T-cell precursor acute leukemia (ETP-ALL), remain diagnostic and clinical challenges due to limited understanding of pathogenesis, reliance of immunophenotyping to classify disease, and the lack of a rational approach to guide selection of appropriate therapy. Recent studies utilizing genomic sequencing and complementary approaches have provided key insights that are changing the way in which such leukemias are classified, and potentially, treated. Several recurrent genomic alterations define leukemias that straddle immunophenotypic entities, such as ZNF384-rearranged childhood B-ALL and B/myeloid MPAL, and BCL11B-rearranged T/myeloid MPAL, ETP-ALL and AML. In contrast, some cases of MPAL represent canonical ALL/AML entities exhibiting lineage aberrancy. For many cases of ALAL, experimental approaches indicate lineage aberrancy arises from acquisition of a founding genetic alteration into a hematopoietic stem or progenitor cell. Determination of optimal therapeutic approach requires genomic characterization of uniformly treated ALAL patients in prospective studies, but several approaches, including kinase inhibitors and BH3 mimetics may be efficacious in subsets of ALAL.
Place and Pain: Association Between Neighborhood SES and Quantitative Sensory Testing Responses in Youth With Functional Abdominal Pain.

OBJECTIVE Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to self-reported pain severity and disability but its association with evoked pain responsiveness in individuals with chronic pain remains unclear. The present study examined relations between neighborhood SES, assessed through the area deprivation index (ADI), and static and dynamic pain response indices. It was hypothesized that youth with functional abdominal pain (FAP) living in lower SES neighborhoods would exhibit lower pain threshold, lower pain tolerance, and reduced conditioned pain modulation (CPM) compared to youth living in higher SES neighborhoods. METHODS Participants were 183 youth with FAP and their parents. Youth completed a quantitative sensory testing protocol. Family addresses were used to compute ADI scores. Thermal stimuli for pain threshold and tolerance were delivered to participants' forearms using thermodes. CPM, an index of descending pain inhibition, was determined using a thermode as test stimulus and a hot water bath as conditioning stimulus. RESULTS As hypothesized, youth with FAP living in lower SES neighborhoods exhibited weaker CPM. Contrary to hypotheses, lower neighborhood SES was associated with neither pain thresholds nor with pain tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the independent contribution of place of residence-an often neglected component of the biopsychosocial model-to efficiency of descending pain inhibition. Understanding the mechanisms that account for such associations between place and pain could guide the development of public health and policy initiatives designed to mitigate chronic pain risk in underserved and economically marginalized communities.
Indications for Liver Transplantation and Pretransplant Evaluation

Liver transplantation began with experimental canine transplants in the late 1950s. In 1963, the first human liver transplant was attempted by Thomas Starzl. During the first decade of liver transplantation, survival rates were low. The introduction of cyclosporine for immunosuppression, advances in surgical technique, progress in anesthesia and critical care management, and advances in preservation solutions have rapidly accelerated progress. Liver transplant is the treatment of choice for a select group of patients with acute and chronic liver diseases.
Poster abstract: Real-time adaptive signaling for isolated intersections

Efficient design is required for a cyber-physical system, as we need to trade off the complexity and performance benefits. We consider the CPS of a traffic-light controller at an isolated intersection that is used by autonomous, semiautonomous, and human-driven automobiles. Existing traffic systems are vulnerable to accidents (more than 1 million people die in automotive accidents globally) and undesired traffic delays (the average U.S. driver spends a week stuck in traffic every year). The next generation of traffic-light control systems should protect against these disruptions while maintaining enhanced control of the system to optimize features of interest. The potential benefits of such a system include increased safety in the presence of higher density traffic, increased fuel and time efficiency (as less time is wasted in queuing), and decreased demands on drivers to make driving decisions. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to adjusting the cycle length, yellow time, and red-to-green ratios of a traffic signal by minimizing the average loss per vehicle due the presence of the signal.
Estimation of Internal Consistency Reliability When Test Parts Vary in Effective Length.

Evaluating a test's reliability often requires dividing it into 3 or more unequal parts, which causes violation of the tau equivalence assumption of Cronbach's alpha. This article presents a criter...
The copy in copyright

Since their inception, copyright and proto-copyright laws have been developed around the concept of "copy," which primarily referred to printed book manuscripts in the reign of Queen Anne. Although copyright began mostly as a right vested in copies, and therefore a right to prevent others from multiplying copies, the emphasis has now been dramatically shifted to the act of copying itself. The terms "copy" and "copies" have also been slowly re-conceptualized to respond to changing technology and to expand the scope of copyright protection. Taking a historical perspective, the first half of this chapter recounts the use of the concept of "copy" by the Stationers’ Company and in the Statute of Anne. It also addresses two different sets of challenges to this foundational concept. The first set focuses on the seminal case of White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v Apollo Co., the first major challenge to this concept on the other side of the Atlantic. The second set concerns the efforts in the mid-1990s to update the concept to meet the needs of the digital environment, which inevitably involves both material and immaterial copies. The second half of this chapter examines four areas in which digital technology has posed major challenges to the concept of "copy": reproduction, distribution, public performance and making available. These four areas are chosen because they correspond to the different rights in the bundle of rights covered within the copyright system. They also highlight questions involving material copies and the distinction between material and immaterial goods. The chapter concludes with six observations concerning the future development of copyright law in the digital environment.
S-Band ranging system for NASA mission support

The NASA Ground Network (GN) provides range and Doppler data for orbit determination of Space Shuttle and scientific missions from the Merritt Island, FL, Bermuda, and Wallops Island, VA, tracking stations. This paper describes a new generation of S-Band tone ranging equipment developed under the Goddard Space Flight Center, System Utilization Enhancement (SUE) Project. The Ranging Equipment incorporates several novel design features, emphasizing reliability and maintainability for support of NASA missions during the next decade.
Effectiveness of a novel community exercise transition program for people with moderate to severe neurological disabilities.

PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of a community re-integration exercise initiative on function, mood, participation, and exercise adherence for persons with moderate to severe neurological conditions (stroke, multiple sclerosis, etc.). METHODS We recruited 29 adults (able to walk at least 3 m with assistance) discharged from an outpatient rehabilitation program for the 10 week intervention which was comprised of two components: circuit training and guided transition to a standard gym setting. We evaluated participants before and after the intervention and at four month follow up, including functional balance and mobility using the Timed Up and Go Test, walking endurance using the 6 Minute Walk Test, health related quality of life (HR QoL) using a visual analogue scale, activity and participation using the Frenchay Activities Index and mood using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants completed the intervention. The only significant improvement was in HR QoL. Forty-four percent of participants continued to exercise after cessation of the program. Those who continued to exercise (Exercisers n = 12) experienced more improvement in HR QoL than Non-Exercisers (n = 15). CONCLUSIONS This re-integration initiative for people with neurological impairments improved HR QoL and facilitated independent exercise for 44% of participants. The novel component of the program, which facilitated transition to standard gym equipment, likely contributed to improved exercise adherence in the longer term.
HEAT-INDUCED GELATION OF PEANUT PROTEIN/WHEY PROTEIN BLENDS

Whey protein concentrate dispersions formulated at 7.5% or more of protein formed strong gels when heated at temperatures above 80°C. Quantitative gel strength calculated from penetration force data generally increased with heating temperature to 110°C. Increasing pH from 7.0 to 9.0 generally decreased the gel strength of whey protein concentrate. At a total protein concentration of 10%, gel strength was lower when peanut flour protein was 25% or more of a mixture with whey protein. Only weak gels were formed with heating protein blends formulated with peanut protein at greater than 50% of total protein. Sodium chloride (up to 0.5M) and calcium chloride (up to 30 mM) increased gel strength of whey protein and blended systems, but decreased gel strength of dispersions containing only peanut flour. Calcium chloride at 30 mM destroyed gelation ability of peanut flour causing protein precipitation. Gel strength of whey protein increased with moderate cysteine addition and was maximum at a level of 25 mM cysteine. Addition of 100 mM cysteine dramatically reduced whey protein gel strength. Cysteine addition decreased gel strength of peanut flour dispersions and had a varied effect on blended protein systems.
Psychology’s Recovery of its Proper Projects and Methods

The contrast between a psychological and a biological study of a superficially similar phenomenon can be illustrated with the ‘cough’. The word is used generically for an explosive expulsion of air that clears the pulmonary passages. But this common meaning is set into two radically different conceptual and empirical frameworks. Imagine you are at a concert – Yo Yo Ma is approaching one the most delicate passages in the Elgar Cello concerto and you become aware of a mounting discomfort in the chest and a well nigh irresistible pressure to cough – eventually you cannot control it any more. This is the 'cough' in a biological framework of mechanisms and concepts. Consider this case – you are at the open door of colleague’s study and you see that she is earnestly advising an undergraduate. Rather than barge in you cough discretely to attract her attention. In the first case you, the person, have lost control of a biological mechanism, while in the second case you, the person, used a biological mechanism for a psychologically intelligible purpose. In the first case the cough has no meaning. In the second case its meaning is or ought to be clear. Note too, that different cultures may have different uses for the cough, just as different cultures have different uses for the smile.
Human Memory Organization for Computer Programs.

Human memory organization has been shown to be important in the processing of natural language. Evidence is provided in this investigation which suggests that human memory organization is also important in processing programming languages. Subjects were divided into experimental groups which studied programs with or without documentation, and with or without hierarchically indented statements. Subjects studied and recalled five Fortran programs. The pattern of recalled statements at logic segment boundaries was compared to the recalled pattern within segments. In addition, the recalled boundary patterns of the experimental groups were compared to each other. The results indicate that algorithmic logic segments form a cognitive organizational structure in human memory for computer programs. Statement indentation and internal program documentation did not apparently enhance the organizational process or the recall of programming statements.
Increased susceptibility to ischemia-induced brain damage in transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant negative form of SHP2

Cell culture studies have established SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) as an important factor in growth factor and cytokine-activated signaling pathways. However, the significance of SHP2 in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is not known since early embryonic lethality occurs in shp2 null mice. To bypass this embryonic lethality, transgenic animals containing a catalytically inactive mutant of SHP2 (SHP2-CS) under the control of a nestin intron II/thymidine kinase minimal promoter were generated. In the developing CNS of these animals, although high-level transgene expression was detected in the neuroepithelium, there was no obvious abnormality in progenitor cell proliferation or migration. In the adult brain, high-level transgene expression was detected in the subventricular zone, rostral migratory stream, dentate gyrus of hippocampus, and cerebellum. Because SHP2 function is likely important in cell survival pathways, we used a focal cerebral ischemia model to examined whether SHP2 is important during CNS injury. Ischemia-induced damage and neuronal death was found to be significantly greater in nestin-SHP2-CS mice than in wild-type littermates. These findings indicate that SHP2 is a required factor in signaling pathway(s) important for neuronal survival.
The physical education hall of shame, Part III: inappropriate teaching practices.

(1996). The Physical Education Hall of Shame: Part III: Inappropriate Teaching Practices. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 67, No. 8, pp. 45-48.
Bolbophorus Infections in Cultured Fathead Minnow

Abstract Bolbophorus trematodes in fish recently gained national attention because B. damnificus infections have caused major losses of commercially raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. We report the presence of a mixed infection (B. damnificus and Bolbophorus sp.) in fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. Of the 10 trematodes identified by Bolbophorus spp.−specific polymerase chain reaction assays, 9 were Bolbophorus sp. and 1 was B. damnificus. This is the first report of a natural infection of B. damnificus in a nonictalurid host. In fathead minnow, the prodiplostomula examined histologically were surrounded by thin-walled cysts; rarely, the cysts were accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that consisted primarily of macrophages.
Genetic and physical analysis of the thioredoxin (trxA) gene of Escherichia coli K-12.

Abstract The trxA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 has been cloned into multicopy plasmids on DNA fragments of varying sizes. The smallest of these was a 1-kb fragment resulting from partial digestion with Sau 3A (pBHKlO). The complete nucleotide sequence of the trxA gene and its promoter was determined. Comparison of the DNA sequence with the published amino acid sequence revealed the inversion of two amino acid pairs and the possibility of a leader peptide 18 amino acids in length. Three-factor PI transductional crosses and physical mapping experiments have determined a map order of ilv-trxA-uvrD-corA-metE .
Isolation of high-activity heparin by DEAE-sephadex and protamine-sepharose chromatography

Abstract Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex or protamine-Sepharose separates commercial heparin along a continuum of anticoagulant activities. Near the upper end of linear salt gradients, the eluants contained heparin fractions with activities (mean 289 U/mg for DEAE-Sephadex and 286 U/mg for protamine-Sepharose) nearly twice those of the starting material. Total sulfate analysis, N-sulfate analysis and acridine orange (AO) titration did not disclose any differences among the fractions. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 indicated a direct correlation between molecular weight and anticoagulant activity.
The regulation of immobile housing assets under divided ownership

Abstract The paper analyses a particular type of housing arrangement between owner of a housing unit and owner of the land on which it is sited, where the unit is partially or totally immobile. While the focus is on mobile-home parks, the analysis is also applicable to certain condominium and cooperative housing. After exploring reasons for divided asset ownership, the possibility that divided ownership of immobile housing assets can lead to opportunistic behavior in the form of rent increases and even “gouging” is discussed. Rent control and its effects are examined with emphasis on the resulting wealth transfer from landlord to tenant and the reduction in the number of new parks. Results from an empirical analysis of both issues are presented. While there is strong evidence of a wealth transfer to tenants after rent control enactment, it is not clear whether these gains are offset by losses occurred by tenants prior to enactment.
Management of asparaginase induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis complicated by pseudocyst.

Asparaginase induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis is a rare but serious development occurring in less than 0.5% of patients treated with this drug. Severe pancreatitis with progressive abdominal distention, toxemia, hypotension and respiratory insufficiency occurred in an 18-year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment with asparaginase. There was a dramatic response to high flow peritoneal lavage with rapid recovery within 24 hours from a moribund state. The subsequent development of a pseudocyst, with progressive increase in size and development of obstructive symptoms, required surgical decompression. Transgastric cystogastrostomy was successfully carried out. Cancer 43:718–722, 1979.
Where Is Scientific Evidence in Support of Refuge Size Reduction for Pyramided Bt Crops

Genetically modified plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins originating from a soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide a powerful tool for managing insect pests. Unfortunately, insect ability to develop resistance to insecticidal proteins potentially jeopardizes its long-term efficiency. Review of registration materials submitted by plant biotech industry to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the existing scientific literature shows that currently available evidence in support of reducing refuge for the pyramided genetically modified corn plants to 5% of the total crop area is essentially limited to predictions of a single unpublished mathematical model developed “in-house” by the industry scientists. Additional research and a more extensive (and open) scientific discussion will be of great benefit for ensuring sustainable use of this technology.
Romano-Ward Long QT Syndrome: Identification of the Gene Responsible for Cardiac Arrhythmia in the First Autosomal Dominant LQT Family, the Ward Kindred • 149

Background: Long QT syndrome (LQT) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia that causes sudden death in young, previously healthy individuals. In 1964, the first family of autosomal dominant LQT was reported by OC Ward. Since then, four genes for autosomal dominant LQT were mapped to chromosome 11p 15.5 (LQT1), 7q35-36 (LQT2), 3p21-24 (LQT4), and 4q25-27 (LQT4). Genes for LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 have been identified as KVLQT1, HERG, SCN5A, respectively. However, the gene responsible for the first autosomal dominant LQT family is unknown. We hypothesized that a mutation in either KVLQT1, HERG, or SCN5A would be responsible for the cardiac arrhythmia in this family.
Doping studies for InP grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract InP with doping levels as low as 8 × 1013 cm-3 and 300 K mobilities as high as 5744 cm2/V · s has been grown without intentional doping, using trimethylindium (TMIn) and phosphine in an atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) reactor. TMIn source purity was found to have a major effect on the carrier concentration and mobility of undoped InP. The dominant residual acceptor was identified as Zn. Using appropriate doping, both n- and p-type carrier concentrations of up to 1019 cm-3 have been obtained in the present study. n-Type InP layers have been grown using diethyltelluride and silane as dopants. Te has a very high incorporation efficiency with kTe = 36. Si has a low and temperature dependent distribution coefficient, due to the slow pyrolysis of silane at the growth temperature. The maximum photoluminescence (PL) intensity for Te doped InP occurs at n = 2 × 1017 cm-3. Si doped InP was found to have poor PL efficiency. Using dimethylzinc as a p-type dopant, a low distribution coefficient, kZn = 2.8 × 10-3, was found at 600°C, apparently due to the high vapor pressure of Zn. The PL intensity of Zn doped InP with p >; 1018 cm-3 is comparable to that of similarly doped n-type samples.
The effects of anxiety on motor-steadiness in competitive and noncompetitive conditions

Twenty HA and 20 LA Ss were selected from 101 males who had taken the MAS. The Ss were further divided into competitive and noncompetitive subgroups and administered a simple motor steadiness test. It was found that LA Ss made fewer errors than HA Ss in the steadiness test and that com­ petition exacerbated performance differences between HA and LA Ss. Over the years, a number of scales have been developed for the purpose of measuring "manifest" anxiety. Of these scales, Taylor's (1953) MAS seems to have generated the most controversy. Much of the ensuing controversy has to do with whether or not the MAS measures a constant "level of internal anxiety or emotionality," or whether it measures susceptibility to "anxiety" provoking stimuli. In either case, it should follow that people with high MA scores would differ from low scorers in a variety of performance measures. The literature, however, does not support this contention; rather, such relationships have been less than conclusive.
LASTING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES : VII. METABOLISM OF ADENOSINE 3',5'-MONOPHOSPHATE IN MICE EXPOSED TO EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS

The metabolism of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was studied in specific pathogen-free mice exposed to neonatal infection with mouse enterovirus or to malnutrition during early life. Metabolic activity was determined by measuring the turnover of cyclic AMP-8-14C to respiratory 14CO2, its incorporation into various organs and plasma, and the binding activity of synaptosome for cyclic AMP. Early malnutrition increased the catabolism of cyclic AMP as measured by expiration in respiratory CO2. The level of cyclic AMP was lower in plasma and its incorporation into various tissues was decreased in infected and malnourished animals. Metabolic products of cyclic AMP were isolated from plasma by ion exchange chromatography. Cyclic AMP-8-14C had completely disappeared 9 hr after injection. Fewer metabolites of cyclic AMP were detected in infected or malnourished groups than in controls and the metabolic reaction from 5'-AMP to adenosine seemed to be slow in these animals. The ability to incorporate cyclic AMP to synaptosome was also impaired in the experimental groups. The concentrations of brain cyclic AMP were lower in infected or malnourished animals than in controls. Depression of accumulation of cyclic AMP probably resulted from excessive activity of phosphodiesterase, rather than from impairment of adenyl cyclase. Intraperitoneal administration of theophylline brought the activity level of phosphodiesterase to normal in infected or malnourished mice; this fact probably accounted for enhanced accumulation of brain cyclic AMP.
Attention-getting vs. imitation effects on depressed mother-infant interactions

The effects of instructing mothers to “imitate” their infant versus “keep their infant's atten tion” were examined during mother-infant face-to-face interactions of 18 mothers reporting depressive symptoms as compared with 22 mothers who did not report such symptoms. Mothers were generally rated as showing more positive facial expressions and more game playing (particularly the depressed mothers) during the attention-getting versus the imitation sessions. The infants received more optimal physical ac tivity, and facial expression ratings during attention getting, and the infants of depressed mothers, in par ticular, showed more positive facial expressivity and more joy expressions. As might be expected for the imitation condition, mothers showed more imitative behavior, contingent responsivity, and silence during gaze aversion. Infants generally showed more disinterest and self-comfort behaviors, and the infants of depressed mothers, in particular, showed more anger expressions, fussiness, and squirming during the imitation condition. The data suggest that the attention-getting condition was the most effective “intervention” for eliciting positive behavior in the depressed mother-infant dyads.
A modeling approach for quantifying tumor hypoxia with [F-18]fluoromisonidazole PET time-activity data.

[F‐18]fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), a positron‐emitting nitroimidazole, binds preferentially to hypoxic cells. It has been used to image hypoxia in human tumors with positron emission tomography(PET). In order to quantify tumor oxygenation status from these PET data, a kinetic model of FMISO cellular bioreduction has been developed to relate cellular oxygen concentration to the cellular FMISO reaction rate constant, κ A . Also, a compartmental model of FMISO transport and metabolism has been developed to compute the volume average κ A in tissue regions from [F‐18]FMISO PET time‐activity data. This compartmental model was characterized using Monte Carlo simulations and [F‐18]FMISO PET time‐activity data. The model performed well in Monte Carlo simulations; performance was enhanced by fixing three of the seven model parameters at physiologically reasonable values. The four parameters optimized were blood flow rate, κ A , and two partial volume/spillover correction factors. The model was able to accurately determine κ A for a variety of computer‐generated time‐activity curves, including those for hypothetical heterogeneous tissue regions and poorly perfused tissue regions. The model was also able to fit [H‐3]FMISO time‐activity data from 36B‐10 rat tumors as well as [F‐18]FMISO PET time‐activity data from a human patient with a base of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The κ A values in muscle ROIs were comparable to those in well‐oxygenated cell monolayers while κ A values in tumor ROIs were greater, suggesting the presence of hypoxic cells in the tumor.
Seizures following head trauma in dogs: 259 cases (1999–2009)

Objective—To determine whether dogs with head trauma have a greater incidence of seizures than the general canine patient population. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—259 client-owned dogs. Procedures—Medical records of dogs evaluated for head trauma at The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Data were collected regarding the cause of the head trauma, physical examination and neurologic examination findings, comorbidities, and the development of seizures during hospitalization. A telephone survey was conducted to question owners regarding the development of seizures after discharge. Relationships between the nature of the head trauma and the development of seizures were then examined. Results—3.5% of dogs with head trauma developed in-hospital seizures, and 6.8% of dogs with head trauma for which follow-up information was available developed seizures after hospital discharge, compared with an epilepsy rate of 1.4% in our hospital. Dogs that developed i...
Investigation of the mode of action of the X locus in tomato

The mode of action of the X locus in tomato was investigated. The X is a microgametophytic factor which operates only in X x. In X x, the X causes the abortion of microgametophytes carrying x. On account of this, X x gives rise to 50% pollen abortion. The segregation of hl which is linked with x at a distance of 18 units was also studied. hl x/Hl X causes 50% pollen abortion and aberrant segregation of hl, indicating that the microgametophytes which are aborted are those carrying x. hl X/Hl X results in low pollen abortion and normal 3:1 segregation of hl indicating that X does not operate in the homozygotes of X.
Applanation tonometer tip sterilization for adenovirus type 8.

Abstract Eighty-nine ophthalmologists in the Dallas-Fort Worth area were surveyed to find the methods used to sterilize applanation tonometer tips. Sixteen different methods were in use, with the most popular being alcohol wipes (26%) and diluted sodium hypochlorite soak (23%),Six of the most frequently used sterilization techniques were evaluated for removal of type 8 adenovirus applied to sterile tonometer tips. Adenovirus was removed or inactivated from applanation tonometer tip surfaces by using one of the following techniques: soaking inoculated tips for 15 minutes in diluted sodium hypochlorite (1:10 household bleach), 3% hydrogen peroxide, or 70% isopropyl alcohol; or wiping with alcohol "prep pads," 1:1000 merthiolate, or dry tissues.
Scaling-variable distributions in deep-inelastic antineutrino-proton interactions

We present an analysis of scaling-variable distributions in deep-inelastic antineutrino-proton interactions. The data sample of 351 antineutrino-proton and 122 neutrino-proton charged-current events was obtained from exposures of the 15-foot hydrogen bubble chamber to the wide-band antineutrino beam at Fermilab. The methods used to select the muon track and estimate the beam energy for each event are discussed in detail. We observe no energy dependence in the shape of the antineutrino Y distribution; for a mean nu-bar energy of 31 GeV, we measure the shape parameter B = 0.76 +- 0.11. The distributions in the scaling variables X, V, and W are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the quark-parton model. In addition, we measure the ratio R/sub p/ = sigma (nu-bar + p ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/ + ...)/ sigma (..nu.. + p ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + ...) = 0.79 +- 0.14, consistent with the value expected for this model.
Mutant Versions of the S. cerevisiae Transcription Elongation Factor Spt16 Define Regions of Spt16 That Functionally Interact with Histone H3

In eukaryotic cells, the highly conserved FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) complex plays important roles in several chromatin-based processes including transcription initiation and elongation. During transcription elongation, the FACT complex interacts directly with nucleosomes to facilitate histone removal upon RNA polymerase II (Pol II) passage and assists in the reconstitution of nucleosomes following Pol II passage. Although the contribution of the FACT complex to the process of transcription elongation has been well established, the mechanisms that govern interactions between FACT and chromatin still remain to be fully elucidated. Using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we provide evidence that the middle domain of the FACT subunit Spt16 – the Spt16-M domain – is involved in functional interactions with histone H3. Our results show that the Spt16-M domain plays a role in the prevention of cryptic intragenic transcription during transcription elongation and also suggest that the Spt16-M domain has a function in regulating dissociation of Spt16 from chromatin at the end of the transcription process. We also provide evidence for a role for the extreme carboxy terminus of Spt16 in functional interactions with histone H3. Taken together, our studies point to previously undescribed roles for the Spt16 M-domain and extreme carboxy terminus in regulating interactions between Spt16 and chromatin during the process of transcription elongation.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Alloys in Aggressive Nuclear Reactor Core Environments

Abstract The effects of irradiation on stress corrosion cracking occur through changes in the water chemistry and in the alloy microstructure. Considerable reactor experience has shown that a high-temperature water environment and a radiation field combine to produce irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) in core components of light water reactors. The principal effect of irradiation on water chemistry is through radiolysis, which results in an increase in the corrosion potential through the formation of radiolytic species consisting of radicals and molecules that can be oxidizing or reducing. In addition, profound effects of irradiation on the microchemistry and alloy microstructure create numerous pathways for IGSCC to occur. Radiation-induced segregation, the formation of a dislocation loop microstructure, irradiation hardening, and irradiation creep all occur simultaneously in space and time. Unfolding these various effects to determine the primary factors governing the observed effect...
A Hubble Space Telescope search for substellar companions in the young cluster IC 348

We present the results of a search for substellar companions to members of the star-forming cluster IC 348. Using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained deep, high-resolution images of the cluster through the F791W and F850LP filters. These data encompass 150 known members of IC 348, including 14 primaries that are likely to be substellar (M1 = 0.015-0.08 M☉). The detection limits for companions to low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the PC images are Δm791 = 0, 2.5, and 5.5 at separations of 005, 01, and 03, respectively, which correspond to M2/M1 = 1, 0.3, and 0.1 at 15, 30, and 90 AU. Meanwhile, for heavily saturated solar-mass primaries in the WFC images, the limits are Δm791 = 0 and 6 (M2/M1 = 1 and 0.04) at 02 and 04. The sky limiting magnitude of m791 ~ 26 at large separations from a primary corresponds to a mass of ~0.006 M☉ according to the evolutionary models of Chabrier and Baraffe. Point sources appearing near known and candidate cluster members are classified as either field stars or likely cluster members through their positions on the color-magnitude diagram constructed from the WFPC2 photometry. For the two faintest candidate companions appearing in these data, we have obtained 0.8-2.5 μm spectra with SpeX at the IRTF. Through a comparison to spectra of optically classified dwarfs, giants, and pre-main-sequence objects, we classify these two sources as cluster members with spectral types near M6, corresponding to masses of ~0.1 M☉ with the models of Chabrier and Baraffe. Thus, no probable substellar companions are detected in this survey. After considering all potential binaries within our WFPC2 images, we find that the frequencies of stellar and substellar companions within 04-5'' (120-1600 AU) from low-mass stars (M1 = 0.08-0.5) in IC 348 agree within the uncertainties with measurements in the field. The factor of ~3-10 deficiency in brown dwarfs relative to stars among companions at wide separations in IC 348 and across the much larger range of separations probed for field stars in previous work is equal within the uncertainties to the deficiency in brown dwarfs in measurements of mass functions of isolated objects. In other words, when defined relative to stars, the brown dwarf "desert" among companions is also present among isolated objects, which is expected if stellar and substellar companions form in the same manner as their free-floating counterparts. Meanwhile, among the 14 substellar primaries in our survey of IC 348, no companions are detected. This absence of wide binary brown dwarfs is statistically consistent with the frequency of wide binary stars in IC 348.
Tracking stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles

Stem cell therapies offer great promise for many diseases, especially those without current effective treatments. It is believed that noninvasive imaging techniques, which offer the ability to track the status of cells after transplantation, will expedite progress in this field and help to achieve maximized therapeutic effect. Today's biomedical imaging technology allows for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of grafted stem cells including their biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nanoparticle-labeled cells being one of the most commonly used techniques. Among the advantages of MR cell tracking are its high spatial resolution, no exposure to ionizing radiation, and clinical applicability. In order to track cells by MRI, the cells need to be labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, for which many types exist. There are several cellular labeling techniques available, including simple incubation, use of transfection agents, magnetoelectroporation, and magnetosonoporation. In this overview article, we will review the use of different magnetic nanoparticles and discuss how these particles can be used to track the distribution of transplanted cells in different organ systems. Caveats and limitations inherent to the tracking of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells are also discussed.
Reply to Fumerton, Huemer, and McGrath

Wishful thinking, fearful thinking, and prejudice can generate ill-founded beliefs. These beliefs are ill-founded by virtue of the way that other mental states influence their formation. Once formed, they pass on their ill-foundedness to subsequent beliefs formed on their basis. I argue that the same is true of experiences. Wishful seeing, fearful seeing, and prejudiced seeing can generate epistemically downgraded experiences. Downgraded experiences are formed in ways that reduce or eliminate the rational support they have to offer. Beliefs formed on their basis are thereby ill-founded.
Territory acquisition in lizards. IV. Obtaining high status and exclusive home ranges

Abstract We released juvenile Anolis aeneus lizards into vacant patches of habitat in the field and observed as they established territories. Individuals settling in the presence of few competitors obtained more exclusive home ranges than did individuals settling at higher densities. When settling at high densities, juveniles that eventually attained high social status fought and chased their opponents more frequently than did juveniles that were subordinate to other residents at the end of the settlement period. With respect to predicting an individual's final status and space use, however, the fact that it fought other settlers was more important than the outcome of those fights. Results from this and previous studies in this series are consistent with a general model of territory establishment that includes assumptions about the value of familiar space, the costs of aggressive interactions and the ability of settlers to form predictable social relationships with one another.
Neuroimaging predictors of cognitive performance across a standardized neurocognitive battery.

OBJECTIVE The advent of functional MRI (fMRI) enables the identification of brain regions recruited for specific behavioral tasks. Most fMRI studies focus on group effects in single tasks, which limits applicability where assessment of individual differences and multiple brain systems is needed. METHOD We demonstrate the feasibility of concurrently measuring fMRI activation patterns and performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB) in 212 healthy individuals at 2 sites. Cross-validated sparse regression of regional brain amplitude and extent of activation were used to predict concurrent performance on 6 neurocognitive tasks: abstraction/mental flexibility, attention, emotion processing, and verbal, face, and spatial memory. RESULTS Brain activation was task responsive and domain specific, as reported in previous single-task studies. Prediction of performance was robust for most tasks, particularly for abstraction/mental flexibility and visuospatial memory. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of administering a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in the scanner was established, and task-specific brain activation patterns improved prediction beyond demographic information. This benchmark index of performance-associated brain activation can be applied to link brain activation with neurocognitive performance during standardized testing. This first step in standardizing a neurocognitive battery for use in fMRI may enable quantitative assessment of patients with brain disorders across multiple cognitive domains. Such data may facilitate identification of neural dysfunction associated with poor performance, allow for identification of individuals at risk for brain disorders, and help guide early intervention and rehabilitation of neurocognitive deficits.
On a semi-infinite crack penetrating a piezoelectric circular inhomogeneity with a viscous interface

Abstract We investigate a semi-infinite crack penetrating a piezoelectric circular inhomogeneity bonded to an infinite piezoelectric matrix through a linear viscous interface. The tip of the crack is at the center of the circular inhomogeneity. By means of the complex variable and conformal mapping methods, exact closed-form solutions in terms of elementary functions are derived for the following three loading cases: (i) nominal Mode-III stress and electric displacement intensity factors at infinity; (ii) a piezoelectric screw dislocation located in the unbounded matrix; and (iii) a piezoelectric screw dislocation located in the inhomogeneity. The time-dependent electroelastic field in the cracked composite system is obtained. Particularly the time-dependent stress and electric displacement intensity factors at the crack tip, jumps in the displacement and electric potential across the crack surfaces, displacement jump across the viscous interface, and image force acting on the piezoelectric screw dislocation are all derived. It is found that the value of the relaxation (or characteristic) time for this cracked composite system is just twice as that for the same fibrous composite system without crack. Finally, we extend the methods to the more general scenario where a semi-infinite wedge crack is within the inhomogeneity/matrix composite system with a viscous interface.