cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Over-Expression of Catalase in Myeloid Cells Confers Acute Protection Following Myocardial Infarction

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and new treatment options are greatly needed. Oxidative stress is increased following myocardial infarction and levels of antioxidants decrease, causing imbalance that leads to dysfunction. Therapy involving catalase, the endogenous scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been met with mixed results. When over-expressed in cardiomyocytes from birth, catalase improves function following injury. When expressed in the same cells in an inducible manner, catalase showed a time-dependent response with no acute benefit, but a chronic benefit due to altered remodeling. In myeloid cells, catalase over-expression reduced angiogenesis during hindlimb ischemia and prevented monocyte migration. In the present study, due to the large inflammatory response following infarction, we examined myeloid-specific catalase over-expression on post-infarct healing. We found a significant increase in catalase levels following infarction that led to a decrease in H2O2 levels, leading to improved acute function. This increase in function could be attributed to reduced infarct size and improved angiogenesis. Despite these initial improvements, there was no improvement in chronic function, likely due to increased fibrosis. These data combined with what has been previously shown underscore the need for temporal, cell-specific catalase delivery as a potential therapeutic option.
Studies of the Chick Edema Disease 4. Age Sensitivity, Recovery and Mortality

Abstract INTRODUCTION SHORT-TERM studies of toxic fats that produce the chick edema disease have been reported by various workers (Ames et al., 1960; Douglass and Flick, 1961; Ott et al., 1961; Alexander et al., 1962; and Flick et al., 1963). When these investigations began, day-old chicks were studied in assay periods of 21 days or less; few or no observations were reported on the development of symptoms at time intervals within the respective study periods. Two long-term studies were reported by Allen and Lalich (1962) and by Allen (1964). These investigators studied the responses of day-old chicks to low levels of toxic fat for 35–150 days but reported few observations on chicks less than four weeks of age. A few attempts have been made to determine the potency of the chick edema factor (CEF). Yartzoff et al. (1961) reported that a crystalline fraction obtained from a commercial low-potency triolein was …
The value of side information in network flow optimization

Abstract Consider a group of agents who seek to simultaneously traverse a graph. Each edge of the graph has an associated weight (e.g., a delay), and the agents seek to minimize the cumulative weight incurred by all agents as each traverses a path of the graph. An edge’s weight is a function of the number of agents that use that edge as well as an inherent random weight. If the agents have no side information about the random component, they will (deterministically) organize themselves so as to optimize their average performance. We consider a generalization of this framework whereby the agents have access to a limited amount of shared side information about the edge weights, and we study the relationship between information quantity and performance.
Evolutionary Selection of Regressional Predictors to Enhance the Performance of Microfossil-Based Paleotemperture Proxies

Using microfossil-based transfer functions, domain scientists from the field of pale oceanography seek to reconstruct environmental conditions at various times in the past. This is accomplished by first determining a quantitative relationship between a forcing function, such as temperature, and the modern for aminiferal response using a calibration data set based on environmental data from an oceanographic atlas and faunas generally extracted from sediment core tops. The method can be employed with a variety of environmental variables, but reconstruction of surface temperature is often the objective. The relationship developed using this training or calibration data set is then applied to down core data to infer past environmental conditions. The statistical methods that have been previously applied in this area can be grouped into three categories: linear regression based approaches, locally weighted regressions and neural networks. In addition to introducing some other learning algorithms including regression trees, bagging trees, random forest and support vector regression to this domain, in this study we suggest the use of model combination approaches to enhance the precision of estimation. By initializing with a pool of diverse predictors using a variety of learning algorithms and different samplings from the training and attribute set, a genetic algorithm was applied to select the best team of predictors. The optimal team was dominated by artificial neural network predictors suggesting their superiority over other methods tested with this type of data. The results also show the efficacy of the proposed approach compared to the other models.
On the validity of the energy sudden approximation

This paper contains an examination of the conditions under which the energy sudden (ES) approximation may be expected to be valid. Our approach involves using dimensional analysis to identify (dimensionless) quantities which control energy suddenness and in this fashion three sets of ES criteria emerge. One involves the relative kinetic energy between collision partners and the energy spacing of the internal states of interest; another the strength of the coupling interaction and the same spacing; and a third involves the masses of the colliding molecules and component atoms. We discuss the relationship between these conditions and the justifications given by earlier workers for adopting the ES approximation and then the mass conditions in particular are used as the basis for certain broad statements concerning the applicability of the ES method within nonreactive diatom–diatom and reactive atom–diatom collisions. Finally, a number of avenues for further development of this work are discussed.
Behavior of Arsenic and Other Redox-Sensitive Elements in Crowley Lake, CA: A Reservoir in the Los Angeles Aqueduct System

Elevated arsenic concentrations in Crowley Lake derive from upstream geothermal inputs. We examined the water column of Crowley Lake under stratified and unstratified conditions, seeking evidence for algal uptake and transformation of arsenic and its deposition to and release from the sediments. Vertical profiles of other elements, which might either influence or track the cycling of arsenic, were also examined. Manganese and phosphorus concentrations increased with depth below the oxycline under stratified conditions, consistent with a sediment source of these elements. However, these elements did not accumulate in the hypolimnion during the period of stratification. This can be explained by accounting for the dynamics of reservoir operation in which water withdrawn from the hypolimnion is replaced from the epilimnion or surface inflows. Depletion of phosphorus in the surface water was incomplete during stratification, suggesting that phosphorus is not a limiting nutrient. Vertical profiles of total arsenic during stratification did not provide evidence for release of arsenic from the sediment; concentrations were either uniform with depth or showed a mid-depth minimum at the oxycline attributable to internal recycling within the water column. There was neither depletion of arsenic nor evidence for methylated arsenic species in the productive surface water. Arsenic was present as arsenate in the epilimnion and as a mixture of arsenate and arsenite in the hypolimnion. In the absence of an efficient mechanism to transport arsenic from the water column to the sediments, the substantial mass flux of arsenic through Crowley Lake results in only a moderate accumulation of arsenic in the sediments. Arsenic in the sediments appears to be sequestered by sulfide phases, thus release of arsenic from Crowley Lake sediments should not constitute a threat to the water quality of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.
Analysis of 205-nm photolytic production of atomic hydrogen in methane flames

We investigate the 205-nm photolytic production of atomic hydrogen in methane flames. This process represents a significant interference in two-photon, laser induced-fluorescence (TP-LIF) detection of atomic hydrogen in flames. Relative TP-LIF profiles of the photolytically produced H atoms were measured using a pump-probe technique in atmospheric-pressure, premixed CH4/O2/N2 flames. A high-fluence, non-resonant, nanosecond pump laser created H atoms by photodissociating flame constituents, and a copropagating, non-perturbing picosecond laser probed the photolytically produced Hatoms via TP-LIF. Spatial profiles of photolytically produced H atoms indicate that both intermediate and product species contribute to the interference in all flames. Excellent agreement between simulated and measured interference signals is observed in the product region of the flames. Vibrationally excited H2O is the dominant source of interference in the product region, but an additional contribution is attributed to vibrationally excited OH radicals. In the flame-front region, CH3 is the dominant precursor, and photodissociation of C2H2 becomes increasingly important in rich flames. Mechanisms for sequential photodissociation of CH3 and C2H2 are presented, indicating that complete dissociation at 205 nm of both precursors is feasible.
Predicting behavioral treatment outcome in disturbed children: A preliminary report of the responsivity index of parents (RIP)

Efforts to predict outcome of response to treatment have long presented a serious problem to professionals responsible for the efficient delivery of services to families and children. An attempt is reported here to increase the efficiency of family intervention programs by pretreatment classification of estimated outcome in terms of MMPI scores of the target child's mother. A predictive index, empirically derived from MMPI T-scores on 11 families previously treated using operant learning principles by the first author, was applied to 30 cases studied and treated at the Oregon Research Institute. A nonstatistical stepwise process for the analysis of the success of the predictive formula revealed imperfections in the predictor. The addition of exclusion rules to correct for false-positive errors ultimately made possible successful pretreatment classification of the family's estimated treatment response in better than 80% of the cases. When cases were selected for agreement between two independent raters, 91% of the cases were correctly classified into one of the four outcome categories. A significant secondary development was an instrument for quantifying treatment outcome based on the assessment of families' attitudinal and behavioral changes at the time of follow-up, a minimum of 6 mo after termination of treatment.
A local filtering scheme for FMM/PWTD algorithms

Accurate and efficient schemes for interpolating and filtering/anterpolating far field radiation patterns are key to the operation of the multilevel fast multipole method (FMM) (Song, J.M. et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag., vol.45, p.1488-93, 1997) and plane wave time domain (PWTD) (Shanker, B. et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag., vol.51, 2003) accelerated frequency and time domain integral equation solvers. Local interpolators and filters/anterpolators, like those used by Song et al., offer distinct advantages over their global counterparts (Shanker et al., 2003; Sarvas, J., 2002), especially in parallel implementations. We propose a simple local filtering scheme suitable for incorporation into FMM and PWTD field evaluation kernels. The filter relies on periodic approximate prolate spheroidal (APS) functions (Bucci, O.M. et al., 1991) to restrict coupling among radiation directions. A numerical example shows that the error due to the proposed local filtering scheme decays exponentially fast with respect to the oversampling and "time-bandwidth" factors that define the periodic APS function and can be made arbitrarily small.
Airport congestion and near-midair collisions

This paper presents a model that systematically integrates, for the first time, the association between a region's aviation near-midair collision risk and its traffic levels, its type and amount of air traffic control, and the complexity of its airspace. The model incorporates the tight interrelatedness (and correlation) between traffic, airspace complexity, and air traffic controller staffing. An estimation of the model using cross-sectional data on 143 U.S. airports in 1985 indicates that the frequency of reported near-midair collisions (NMACs) is positively associated with regional traffic and airspace complexity, despite the fact that busier, more complex regions generally have more air traffic controllers. Also, in regions governed by "terminal radar service areas" (TRSAs), the reported near-midair collisions are positively associated with the presence of more satellite airports than would be expected on the basis of traffic alone. Finally, deviations from controller staffing levels that would be expected on the basis of traffic and airspace complexity alone are significantly associated with variations in reported NMACs in terminal control areas but not in terminal radar service areas.
Reflection Photoelastic Stress Analysis of a Dental Bridge

Thestress distribution onthesurface ofa fourunitgoldbridge wasdetermined by reflection photoelasticity. Thehighest stress concentration wasatthesoldered joints. Thedistribution ofstress wasafunction of thesupport oftheabutment teeth. Good support caused thebridge tofunction asone thatwasfixed atbothends, whereas poor support caused ittofunction asacantilever beam. Instress analysis applications emphasis is placedon careful determination ofthe stresses fortheimprovement ofdesign. In nondestructive testing importance isplaced onreliability andquality, andasaresult of this, observation ofsurface strains isofinterest. Earlier photoelastic studies byEl-Ebrashi etal1-7concerned, forthemostpart, two dimensional photoelasticity. Intwodimensional studies aplastic modelmustbebuilt, whereas thephotoelastic coating methodhas theadvantage ofusing thestructure itself. Thetechnique ofphotoelastic coatings is basically a methodthatprovides a visual display fortheobservation andmeasurement ofstress distribution onthesurface ofparts underload.8 Inthis study afourunitposterior goldbridge wascoated andthemagnitudes ofthestrains wererecorded at several locations asafunction ofloadand position ofloading.
Measurement of elastin hydrolysis by reverse-phase HPLC with on-line post-colum derivatization

Excessive breakdown of elastin, a structural protein, may be related to aortic disease and emphysema. Since L-valyl-L-proline occurs in high concentrations in elastin, a rapid and sensitive method using HPLC with post-column on-line derivatization was used to measure the dipeptide from swine aortic tissue, and the amount of elastin present was determined. Elastin was extracted by alkaline hydrolysis. After neutralization and filtration, the sample was injected onto a ODS-2 gel column, and the dipeptide was eluted by a linear gradient of 0 to 10% of 1-propanol in 50 mM heptafluorobutyrate, pH 3, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluent was reacted with fluorescamine at pH 8.6, and fluorescence was detected at an excitation wavelength of 395 nm and a 455 nm cutoff emission filter.
Microscopic sub-barrier fusion calculations for the neutron star crust

Fusion of very neutron-rich nuclei may be important to determine the composition and heating of the crust of accreting neutron stars. Fusion cross sections are calculated using time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory coupled with density-constrained Hartree-Fock calculations to deduce an effective potential. Systems studied include ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O, ${}^{16}$O+${}^{24}$O, ${}^{24}$O+${}^{24}$O, ${}^{12}$C+${}^{16}$O, and ${}^{12}$C+${}^{24}$O. We find remarkable agreement with experimental cross sections for the fusion of stable nuclei. Our simulations use the SLy4 Skyrme force that has been previously fit to the properties of stable nuclei, and no parameters have been fit to fusion data. We compare our results to the simple S\~ao Paulo static barrier penetration model. For the asymmetric systems ${}^{12}$C+${}^{24}$O or ${}^{16}$O+${}^{24}$O we predict an order of magnitude larger cross section than those predicted by the S\~ao Paulo model. This is likely due to the transfer of neutrons from the very neutron rich nucleus to the stable nucleus and dynamical rearrangements of the nuclear densities during the collision process. These effects are not included in potential models. This enhancement of fusion cross sections, for very neutron rich nuclei, can be tested in the laboratory with radioactive beams.
Enkephalin opens potassium channels on mammalian central neurones

Enkephalin and opiate analgesic drugs exert their effects on the brain by interacting with receptors located on neuronal membranes. An almost immediate consequence of this interaction is an inhibition of action potential discharge of individual nerve cells1. This could result from a direct hyperpolarization of the neurone which bears the opiate receptors, thereby shifting its membrane away from the threshold for action potential generation. On the other hand, it is well known that opiates and enkephalin depress the release of neurotransmitters2,3, and this could indirectly result in an inhibition of cell firing. Here we describe experiments which indicate that Met5-enkephalin and a stable analogue, D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE), as well as narcotic analgesics, increase the potassium conductance of neurones in the rat locus coeruleus and thereby inhibit then-spontaneous firing. This effect of the opioids results from an interaction with a receptor having a high affinity for naloxone.
New Approaches to Pulmonary Hypertension Will Therapies in Mice Work in Humans

Gene manipulation in mice is now a routine approach to the investigation of disease pathophysiology. Examination of cardiovascular physiology in mice have required the development of miniaturized hemodynamic monitoring systems, or essentially mouse “cath labs,” in which catheters and guidewires are manipulated in mouse vessels often <1 mm in size. Cardiovascular integrative physiology has become miniaturized in scale but magnified in impact. Studies testing the pharmacological or physiological effects of infused drugs, which once could be done only in large animals, are now performed in mice by genetic manipulation and/or gene transfer, with equally rigorous hemodynamic monitoring. The potential for defining disease pathophysiology and developing new therapies is enormous. Given these advances in technology, what have we learned about cardiovascular biology from mouse models? And importantly, will we be able to translate these discoveries into novel therapies for humans? The study by Champion et al1 in this issue of Circulation brings these questions under close scrutiny. These investigators examine the function of prepro-calcitonin gene–related …
Some relations between the comparison of covariance matrices and principal component analysis

While principal component analysis is a widely used technique in applied multivariate analysis, little attention is normally given to the comparison of covariance matrices. Based on Roy's largest and smallest roots' criterion, we expose some known properties of the eigenvectors of the matrix @S"1^-^[email protected]"2. The linear combinations defined by these eigenvectors are discussed as a generalisation of principal component analysis of two groups, which can be useful in the case @S"1 @S"2. The technique is illustrated by an example. A similar approach to the comparison of covariance matrices, based on the notion of Mahalanobis distance, is sketched. Finally, three equivalent conditions are given for the condition that two covariance matrices have identical principal axes. This leads to the definition of four degrees of similarity of two covariance matrices.
RNA elongation by RNA polymerase II is not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide or lodoacetamide

The elongation of RNA by RNA polymerase II is not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide. Three systems were studied: a soluble chromatin, purified RNA polymerase II with DNA, and a HeLa cell extract with an adenovirus 2 promoter sequence.
Reminiscences of James Buchanan and the Virginia School

These are my personal reflections on James Buchanan and the development of the Virginia School.
How many journals do we have? An alternative approach to journal collection evaluation through local cited article analysis

Librarians are often asked to determine the number of journals they hold in a subject for an academic department undergoing external review. Journal number is a poor indicator of collection quality and subject boundaries are difficult to define. An analysis of articles cited in recent publications by Harvey Mudd College biology faculty demonstrates the value of local cited article analysis for evaluating the breadth and depth of an online and print journal collection. Faculty-level analysis showed that online access varied from 55 to 97% of cited articles, with an average of 81%. Strengths and weaknesses of this method are discussed, and it is concluded that the context-specific identification of the most important journals that it provides is far more useful than an estimate of the number of subject-related journals in a collection.
Uniquely pairable graphs

The concept of a k-pairable graph was introduced by Z. Chen [On k-pairable graphs, Discrete Mathematics 287 (2004), 11-15] as an extension of hypercubes and graphs with an antipodal isomorphism. In the present paper we generalize further this concept of a k-pairable graph to the concept of a semi-pairable graph. We prove that a graph is semi-pairable if and only if its prime factor decomposition contains a semi-pairable prime factor or some repeated prime factors. We also introduce a special class of k-pairable graphs which are called uniquely k-pairable graphs. We show that a graph is uniquely pairable if and only if its prime factor decomposition has at least one pairable prime factor, each prime factor is either uniquely pairable or not semi-pairable, and all prime factors which are not semi-pairable are pairwise non-isomorphic. As a corollary we give a characterization of uniquely pairable Cartesian product graphs.
Age Changes in the Ability to Interpret Affect in Sung and Instrumentally-Presented Melodies:

The purpose of this study was to determine the age at which children begin to recognise the affective qualities in sung and instrumentally-presented melodies. Four, seven, and nine-year-old children who had been pretested for comprehension of emotional concepts listened to melodies that had been rated by adults as either (1) happy, (2) sad, (3) angry, or (4) frightened- sounding. The melodies were presented in two modalities: soprano voice singing nonsense syllables, and viola. Overall volume levels were held constant, although many other features were varied. The data indicated that thete are age changes in this ability, that modality does in some instances play a role in emotional comprehension, and that some of the emotions are easier to interpret than others. There are also interaction effects among the factors.
Factor Group Analysis for Some Common Minerals

During the course of the presentation of a series of lectures on solid state selection rules, it became apparent that no compilation of such rules was available in one literature site for some of the most common minerals. Although sufficient information is available for anyone interested in minerals to develop factor group calculations, it was felt that nevertheless a useful purpose would be served in providing one source for these selection rules. As a result, these selection rules have been developed, and the results are tabulated in Table I. The correlation method has been used for the k = 0 portion of the Brillouin zone of the crystal. The primitive unit cell is used in the development.
Influence of number of simulated particles on DSMC modeling of micro-scale Rayleigh–Bénard flows

Abstract Two-dimensional micro-scale Rayleigh–Benard flows are investigated numerically using direct simulation Monte Carlo method. An enclosure of length-to-height aspect ratio of AS = 4 is taken to explore the influence of initial setting of simulated molecules. The simulation domain is divided into 81 × 21 sampling cells and the range of Rayleigh number from 3000 to 10 000 corresponds to the convection state. Cases of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 24 simulated particles in each collision cell are examined. It is shown that flow patterns with three-, four- or five-roll modes may appear depending on the number of simulated particles.
Modeling of Electric Water Heaters for Demand Response: A Baseline PDE Model

Demand response (DR)control can effectively relieve balancing and frequency regulation burdens on conventional generators, facilitate integrating more renewable energy, and reduce generation and transmission investments needed to meet peak demands. Electric water heaters (EWHs) have a great potential in implementing DR control strategies because: (a) the EWH power consumption has a high correlation with daily load patterns; (b) they constitute a significant percentage of domestic electrical load; (c) the heating element is a resistor, without reactive power consumption; and (d) they can be used as energy storage devices when needed. Accurately modeling the dynamic behavior of EWHs is essential for designing DR controls. Various water heater models, simplified to different extents, were published in the literature; however, few of them were validated against field measurements, which may result in inaccuracy when implementing DR controls. In this paper, a partial differential equation physics-based model, developed to capture detailed temperature profiles at different tank locations, is validated against field test data for more than 10 days. The developed model shows very good performance in capturing water thermal dynamics for benchmark testing purposes
Endovascular coil embolization for acute management of traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm.

Clinical Summary A 40-year-old woman with a history of depression presented with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the left side of the chest. On arrival, she was alert and hemodynamically stable. An entrance and an exit wound were identified on the anterior and posterior chest, and there were no breath sounds on the left. A chest tube was placed and immediately drained of 360 mL of fresh blood. A chest x-ray film showed multiple rib fractures and opacification of the left side of the chest without mediastinal shift. Chest computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast showed extensive pulmonary contusion and consolidation, a small pleural effusion, a path of lung parenchymal destruction consistent with a bullet track, and 3 distinct areas of well-defined increased attenuation along the track suggestive of hemorrhage (Figure 1). The patient remained hemodynamically stable, and chest tube output was less than 100 mL/h, but she had occasional hemoptysis of fresh blood. Chest CT 18 hours later showed interval enlargement of the 3 areas of hemorrhage that now assumed clearly spherical shapes. Pulmonary angiography identified 3 pseudoaneurysms, 1 arising from the inferior lingular artery and 2 arising from the superior segmental artery (Figure 2). The patient remained hemodynamically stable with minimal chest tube output and no change in hemoptysis. Thoracotomy was considered, but a decision was made to attempt embolization. Each injured vessel was selectively catheterized, and Cook embolization coils (Cook, Inc, Bloomington, Ind) were placed into each extraluminal pseudoaneurysm cavity until the cavity would no longer accept a coil. Postembolization angiography demonstrated complete cessation of flow in 2 of the 3 pseudoaneurysms, with minimal residual flow in the third. Chest CT the next day demonstrated complete thrombosis of 2 of the 3 pseudoaneurysms and greatly diminished flow through the third. The patient remained stable, and her hemoptysis subsided. The chest tube was removed on day 5. On day 8, the patient was transferred to the inpatient psychiatric hospital. She was discharged home 17 days after the injury.
Pierre Boisson, French West Africa, and the Postwar Epuration : A Case from the Aix Files

This article examines the wartime career and postwar purge trial of Pierre Boisson, governor-general of French West Africa from 1940 to 1943. Boisson, who kept West Africa loyal to Vichy and repelled the Anglo-Gaullist invasion of Dakar in September 1940, seemed destined for a harsh punishment when he was arrested in late 1943. But Boisson’s actual crimes proved hard to pin down. Like many in the wartime Empire, he claimed he had always stayed loyal to the interests of eternal France, beating off German and British advances with equal determination while maintaining the authority of colonial institutions. For Boisson, the best means to defend the always fragile conceit of colonial rule was to rally to the forces of order, authority, and tradition. But as his case shows, these were malleable terms that could be invoked by accusers and accused alike, and Boisson’s fate hinged on the meaning assigned to them by the High Court and by his countrymen.
Assessing the applicability of isotopic analysis of pedogenic gypsum as a paleoclimate indicator, southern New Mexico

Abstract A lack of well preserved paleoclimate indicators coupled with the abundance of gypsic soils in arid and semi-arid regions has stimulated research on using δ 18 O and δ D isotopic analysis of the hydration water of gypsum to interpret paleoclimate. This study stresses the importance of establishing a pedogenic origin for gypsum crystals prior to isotopic analysis and evaluates the dominant processes controlling the formation of pedogenic gypsum. Isotopic analyses were conducted on the hydration water of pedogenic gypsum (23 samples) and local precipitation and river water (5 samples) in southern New Mexico. The isotopic signature of the hydration water indicates significant enrichment compared to local meteoric water. Evaporation is the driving mechanism by which gypsum accumulates in soils, and it is the dominant process controlling the isotopic fractionation of the hydration water of gypsum. Because the amount of isotopic fractionation during each episode of evaporation through time cannot be quantified, this technique is not suitable as a method to interpret paleoclimate.
Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Life History Traits on Water-Stressed Alfalfa in the Early Regrowth and Bud Stage

In controlled environment studies the effect of plant water stress on the life history characteristics of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was examined for insects on early regrowth and bud stage alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). On both plant growth stages, the developmental period of male and female nymphs increased with the increase in plant water stress. Although the differences were relatively small, the stressed treatments were significantly longer than the well-watered control. Plant water stress did not influence nymphal mortality at either plant growth stage. Adult survivorship was lower on the water-stressed treatments, except for females on early regrowth alfalfa. Fecundity declined with the increase in plant water stress, particularly for insects reared on bud stage alfalfa. Oviposition rates during the first half of adult life declined with the increase in plant water stress, but this relationship was not found for the gross reproductive rate. The long-term effect on reproduction of nymphal development on water-stressed alfalfa was examined by switching recently emerged adults from stressed to well-watered hosts. The oviposition rates of these females remained below that of the control for most of the subsequent six 2-d oviposition periods. These changes in the life history traits of the potato leafhopper indicate that water-stressed alfalfa is unfavorable for leafhopper population growth. This decline in suitability may result from the lower nitrogen content of water-stressed alfalfa or to changes in other components of host quality.
On the unusual stability of valence anions of thymine based on very rare tautomers: A computational study.

We characterized anionic states of thymine using various electronic structure methods, with the most accurate results obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory followed by extrapolations to complete basis set limits. We found that the most stable anion in the gas phase is related to an imino-oxo tautomer, in which the N1H proton is transferred to the C5 atom. This valence anion, , is characterized by an electron vertical detachment energy (VDE) of 1251 meV and it is adiabatically stable with respect to the canonical neutral nTcan by 2.4 kcal/mol. It is also more stable than the dipole-bound ( ) and valence anion ( ) of the canonical tautomer. The VDE values for and are 55 and 457 meV, respectively. Another, anionic, low-lying imino-oxo tautomer with a VDE of 2458 meV has a proton transferred from N3H to C5 ( ). It is less stable than by 3.3 kcal/mol. The mechanism of formation of anionic tautomers with the carbons C5 or C6 protonated may involve intermolecular proton transfer or dissociative ele...
Northern Light: A Commentary on the 2009 Canadian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

Coronary heart disease (CHD)1 remains a leading cause of death and disability in both Canada and the US. Major established independent risk factors for CHD include increased age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, increased total cholesterol \[>240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L)] associated with increased LDL cholesterol [>160 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L)], and decreased HDL cholesterol [ 2 mg/L) (4). Alterations in plasma lipid and lipoproteins have long been known to affect CHD risk based on experience in various animal models fed atherogenic diets and clinical observations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Epidemiologic studies such as the Seven Countries Study and the Framingham Heart Study have supported these observations. Human dietary intervention studies in the 1960s and 1970s, in which animal fat was replaced with vegetable oils, showed that CHD risk could be reduced with dietary change. The beneficial effects of niacin in the Coronary Drug Project reported in 1975 further supported the concept that lipid modification could be beneficial for …
An argument for momentary sociological isolationism; or, you don’t always get what you expect

This article critiques Janet Chafetz’s suggestion that sociologists borrow ideas from other disciplines. I argue that sociologists who study gender on the microsociological level have borrowed too much from other disciplines, particularly psychology, and have yet to develop on adequate, sociology of gender. The microstructural perspective is proposed as a useful particularly sociological framework for the study of gender.
Psychiatric observations on students demonstrating for peace.

In the midst of a serious military action in Asia pursued by their government a number of American students steadfastly protest various aspects of their nation's foreign policy. This paper gives a psychiatrist's observation of some of those students and discusses the general problem of social protest and psychopathology.
Progesterone metabolism by testicular tissue of the English sparrow (Passer domesticus) during the annual reproductive cycle

Abstract By incubating cell-free testicular tissue homogenates in vitro with 4-C 14 -progesterone, an attempt has been made to determine the levels of the 17 α-hydroxylase, 20 α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 20 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in tissue from English sparrows in different stages of the annual testicular cycle of size and activity. Per milligram testicular protein the 17 α-hydroxylase decreased by a factor of 10 with an increase in testicular weight from 7.2 to 480 mg, whereas the 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases remained relatively constant or decreased by only a factor of 2 over similar testicular weight changes. Calculated on a basis of enzyme content per bird the total testicular 17 α-hydroxylase increased by a factor of 3–4, while the 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases increased by a factor of 20–40 when the mean testicular weight increased from 7 to about 500 mg. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated both the 17 α-hydroxylase and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, but had a greater effect on the former enzyme. The changes in enzyme activities correlated histologically and suggested that the 20 α- and 20 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases may be located in the cellular elements of the germinal tissue whereas the 17 α-hydroxylase is of interstitial cell origin. Of the different progesterone metabolites identified from these incubations, only the known androgens, testosterone and androstenedione, promoted blackening of the sparrow beak.
Pulmonary Hypertension with Necrotizing Arteritis Secondary to Congenital Mitral Stenosis

A case of congenital mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension is presented. The severity and rapid development of the pulmonary vascular changes are unusual, especially for a young child. The case underscores the importance of early detection of correctable congenital heart disease and emphasizes the unpredictability of the time course and severity of irreversible pulmonary hypertension.
Analysis of Interference Data in a Highly Heterogeneous Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoir

An approach consisting of a combination of composite and naturally fractured reservoir models has been proposed to interpret pressure-transient data from an 11-well interface test in a highly heterogenous geothermal reservoir. The approach leads to an integrated interpretation that accounts for all of the salient features of the data. An initial appraisal of the data indicates excellent agreement with theoretical results for double-porosity reservoirs. For some of the wells, however, the bulk storativity, calculated with the double-porosity model, differs significantly from the average value of this parameter. Furthermore, it increases systematically as the distance between the active and observation well decreases. To explain this particular result, an alternative method of analyzing data from composite reservoirs is presented. The method demonstrates that local permeability variations can result in enormous variations in the apparent storativity without causing variations in the apparent permeability-thickness of the reservoir. A simple graphical technique, based on analyzing systematic variations in the apparent storativity, has been developed to determine the size of the region and the mobility contrast between different regions of the reservoir. By using this technique, the authors show that the observed variations in the storativity are the result of a small, high-permeability region that surroundsmore » the pumped well and is penetrated by several of the observation wells.« less
Life careers of Navajo epileptics and convulsive hysterics.

Abstract As part of a long-term study of Navajo Indian health beliefs and practices, a survey was undertaken to identify all persons suffering seizures of a generalized type. Traditional beliefs hold that victims have transgressed moral norms and are then sanctioned by illness of which seizures are a sign. The records of these socially disvalued patients were examined, and follow-up visits undertaken. The short life expectancy of these patients is attributed to the disdain and lack of social support characteristic of their lives. Indigenous treatment had varying results, sometimes contributing to short-term remission, at other times exacerbating the condition. Moreover, given the fact that traditional healers attribute negative social attributes to persons suffering generalized seizures, these practitioners cannot be recommended for treatment of this kind of problem. Instead, acculturated Navajo who are trained as mental health workers are the healer of choice.
Electron dynamics in short-channel InP field-effect transistors

The transient response of electrons to a high field in InP has been calculated by a Monte Carlo method. The results are compared with previously published results for GaAs, and used to indicate the performance that may be obtained in InP and GaAs microwave f.e.t.s.
Social status and friendship from kindergarten to third grade

Abstract Social status and friendship patterns were examined within an early elementary school peer group. One hundred two kindergarten children originally participated in the study. Forty-five of these children remained in the school y third grade. These follow-up children were part of a class of 108 third grade. Within the follow-up sample, kindergarten sociometric ratings were highly correlated with third-grade sociometric ratings. Children classified as rejected were most likely to have stable social status classifications. Although children of every social status classification had friends, the distribution of friendships by social status composition differed in kindergarten and third grade. Kindergarten children classified as popular were more likely than third-grade children classified as popular to have friendships with children classified as rejected. Attrition of friends between kindergarten and third grade was similar for all third-grade social status groups. However, children classified as popular in third grade were more likely than children classified as rejected to maintain stable friendships from kindergarten to third grade. Popular-popular frienship dyads were more likely than popular-rejected dyads or popular-other dyads to be stable from kindergarten to third grade. The implications ofthese findings for school organization and program are discussed.
A Reassessment of Investment Failure in the Interwar American Economy

A radical shift in the industrial composition of investment and final demand played an important role in delaying a complete recovery from the trough of 1932. Under the conditions of technological discovery prevailing in the 1930s, this shift in the composition of demand made full employment virtually impossible to achieve as recovery from the crash got under way. A complete recovery required a mass of interrelated new techniques and human and physical capital which, in the timid financial environment prevailing after 1929 (and given the uncertainties of the New Deal), could not be organized on the necessary scale by private investment markets. These findings pose a new agenda for research on the political economy of the New Deal and on the economic history of the post-World War II era. AS the perspective afforded by a half century brings them into better view, the Great Depression and New Deal of the 1930s continue to receive attention from economists, historians, and political scientists. The questions scholars have posed about the economic crisis and government policies of the interwar period generally have been molded by the theoretical apparatus used to analyze the depression itself. For
Internal Scaffold Architecture Designs using Lindenmayer Systems

AbstractScaffolds with designed interior pore architecture, predefined porosity and a well interconnected predetermined channel network has been the favored design approach for tissue engineering applications. Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies have provided the capability to fabricate scaffolds with desired design characteristics due to its integration with CAD enabled tools. However, currently the interior macro pore design of scaffolds have been limited to simple regular shapes of either squares or circles due to inadequate CAD capability. In this paper we seek to enhance the design of the scaffold architecture by the use of rewriting schemas such as Lindenmayer systems (Lsystems) which provide a powerful method to create complex branched networks. We have presented several exploratory case examples to show the applicability of using such rewriting systems to model nutrient delivery networks within hydrogel scaffolds without an overwhelming need for expensive computer hardware. Feasibility s...
The algebraic Bethe Ansatz without the Yang-Baxter equation

The algebraic Bethe Ansatz is carried out for models (dimer models on a hexagonal lattice) whose matrix of local Boltzmann weights fails to satisfy the Yang–Baxter equation. The operator algebra is constructed instead by a generalizable alternative process using only the coproduct decomposition of the operators. The new technique makes it possible to solve many lattice N-body models whose local Boltzmann weights fail to meet the algebraic requirements of the Yang–Baxter equation.PACS Nos.: 02.20.Uw, 24.10.Cn, 87.10.Hk, 05.20.–y
The effect of the long head of the biceps on glenohumeral kinematics

The long head of the biceps has been described as a stabilizing force in the setting of glenohumeral instability. However, data are lacking on the effect of loading the long head of the biceps on glenohumeral kinematics. Six cadaveric shoulders were tested for glenohumeral rotational range of motion and translation using a custom shoulder testing system and the Microscribe 3DLX (Immersion, San Jose, CA). The path of glenohumeral articulation (PGA) was measured by calculating the humeral head center with respect to the glenoid articular surface at maximal internal rotation, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, and maximal external rotation. Significant decreases in glenohumeral rotational range of motion and translation were found with 22-N biceps loading vs the unloaded group. With respect to the PGA, the humeral rotation center was shifted posterior with biceps loading at maximal internal rotation, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees of external rotation. Loading the long head of the biceps significantly affects glenohumeral rotational range of motion, translations, and kinematics.
Occurrence and Fate of Nitrosamines and Their Precursors in Municipal Sludge and Anaerobic Digestion Systems

The fate of six nitrosamines and their secondary amine precursors and total precursors in three municipal wastewater treatment plants’ primary sludge (PS), waste-activated sludge (WAS), and anaerobic digester mixed liquor (ADML) was investigated. N-Nitrosodimethylamine was detected at significant concentrations, with mean concentrations at 678 ± 302, 394 ± 322, and 271 ± 100 ng/L in PS, WAS, and ADML samples, respectively. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine was the other nitrosamine detected in sludge samples but at about an order of magnitude lower concentrations. PS samples also contained the highest concentrations of secondary amines (mostly dimethylamine (DMA) and pyrrolidine) followed by WAS and ADML samples, with mean DMA concentrations at 1280 ± 689, 210 ± 266, and 6.2 ± 3.9 μg/L, respectively. Secondary amines in ADML and some WAS samples accounted for only 20−30% of total nitrosamine precursors underlining the significance of as of yet uncharacterized precursors. Overall, anaerobic sludge digestion was a sink ...
Some Psychometric Properties of Two Measures of French and Raven Bases of Power

Abstract The reliability and validity of two bases of power instruments designed by Bachman, Smith, and Slesinger (1966) and by Student (1968), were theoretically and empirically evaluated. The evaluation showed that the scales of the two instruments were poor in face, content, and convergent validities and low in retest reliabilities.