cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manometric guidance in suction biopsy of the esophagus in children.

Esophageal histological observation is the most reliable indicator of esophagitis. Biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopic grasp forceps are sometimes inadequate for histologic evaluation, and established methods for determining the location of suction biopsies have been imprecise or inconvenient. A
Efficient Utilization of a CPU-GPU Cluster

This paper will investigate the performance of a mixture of central processing unit (CPU) and graphical processing unit (GPU) codes on a multi-CPU, multi-GPU cluster. This cluster attempts to balance IO, GPU, and CPU performance to accommodate a wide variety of codes. When designing this cluster, the design goal of a balanced system was one of many options that could have been taken. The GPU, is essentially a video graphics card, found in every desktop or laptop computer. High-end graphics cards such as those used by a computer gamer are capable of extremely high floating point performance. The GPU utilizes the CPU to initialize the GPU, to transfer data from memory/storage to and from the GPU, and to launch the computation kernels that run on the GPU. The Jet Engine Noise Reduction (JENRE) code implements a compressible flow solver which is under development for the simulation of supersonic jet flow and its acoustic properties. A major emphasis of this code's development is on ensuring that the code is capable of fully exploiting emerging massively parallel, high-performance computing architectures for either GPUs or multi-core CPUs. The JENRE code's performance using GPUs is currently 2.1 times that with CPUs, and thus is run typically on the GPUs in the cluster. The cluster is also used for a variety of MPI-based jobs as well as single node OpenMP shared-memory jobs. These jobs utilize the CPU only, and the GPUs are left idle. Typically, a user requests that an entire node (or set of nodes) is allocated to a single job (CPU or GPU) so that there is no contention for resources with other jobs. Since jobs are either CPU or GPU-based, this leads to significant under-utilization of the computational resources. This paper will examine the overall utilization of the cluster and performance of a mix of CPU codes with the GPU-based JENRE code running simultaneously on the same nodes of the cluster. Results indicate that careful and cooperative scheduling of jobs can result in a tripling of the computational capability of the cluster.
Implementation of a COPD Screening Questionnaire in an Outpatient HIV Clinic

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); yet substantial under-recognition of COPD exists. We administered a patient-completed, physician-reviewed COPD screening tool in an outpatient HIV clinic to determine whether screening is feasible or possible. Patients attending nonacute, routine HIV care visits were provided a brief COPD screening tool, which included three questions focused on age, respiratory symptoms, and smoking history. Providers were given completed forms for review and ordered spirometry at their discretion. Forms and medical records were subsequently reviewed to determine completion and results of spirometry testing. Of the 1,510 patients screened during the study period, 968 (64%) forms were completed. After excluding 79 incomplete forms, 889 (92%) unique patient forms were included in this analysis. Among these, 204 (23%) met criteria for spirometry referral, among whom physicians ordered spirometry in 64 (31%). At 6 months following study completion, 19 (30%) of the patients referred for spirometry had the test completed, with 5 (26%) demonstrating airflow obstruction. Nearly one out of four HIV patients met indication for screening spirometry and roughly one out of four undergoing spirometry had COPD. Critical drop-offs in the screening and diagnostic process occurred at questionnaire completion and spirometry ordering. Interventions tailored to these critical steps could improve the yield from COPD screening and help to optimize the identification of COPD in high-risk HIV-infected populations. COPD screening in a clinic focused on longitudinal HIV care can effectively identify COPD among those completing the screening continuum.
Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis, Concurrent Sinusitis, and Enlarged Adenoids

Pancreatitis and sinusitis as presentations of Burkitt lymphoma are uncommon and rarely described in children. We describe here the case of a child who presented with symptoms suggestive of sinusitis unresponsive to antibiotics, with subsequent development of abdominal symptoms due to pancreatitis. He was eventually diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma.
Safety and efficacy of carmustine (BCNU) wafers for metastatic brain tumors.

Background Carmustine (BCNU) wafers (Gliadel) prolongs local disease control and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with malignant gliomas. However, in metastatic brain tumors, there is a paucity of evidence in support of its safety and efficacy. The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Gliadel wafers in patients with metastatic brain tumors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the University of Washington experience with Gliadel wafers for metastatic brain tumors between 2000 and 2015. Results Gliadel wafers were used in 14 patients with metastatic brain tumors during the period reviewed. There were no postoperative seizures, strokes, or hemorrhages. There was one postoperative wound infection necessitating return to the operating room. The mean time to tumor progression (n = 7) and death (n = 5) after Gliadel wafer implantation was 2.5 and 2.9 years, respectively. Age was the only variable affecting PFS in patients receiving Gliadel wafers. Patients 53 years old (n = 7) had a PFS of 4.29 years (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in PFS in relation to presenting Karnofsky Performance Status (P = 0.26), number of brain metastasis (P = 0.82), tumor volume (P = 0.54), prior surgery (P = 0.57), or prior radiation (P = 0.41). There were no significant differences in the mean survival in relationship to any variable including age. Conclusions BCNU wafers are a safe and a potentially efficacious adjunct to surgery and radiation for improving local disease control in metastatic brain tumors. Larger studies, however, are needed to examine overall efficacy and tumor specific efficacy.
Study on problems and strategies of agricultural products circulation informationization in Beijing

Overall,the application of agricultural products circulation informationization in Beijing is on the elementary phase-information dissemination on the internet and making deal under the internet.The counterpart conditions and market mechanism which are essential for agricultural products electronic commerce are unformed,nor the agricultural products electronic commerce neither.These mainly due to information awareness of the dealers fall behind,network infrastructure construction lagged,imperfective information collection and diffusion mechanism,as well as the slow upgrade of software and hardware.Therefore,this paper proposes a series of measures,such as complete data base,speed up development of circulation software,improve market information service,improve the standardization of information,construct the third-part professional agricultural products electronic commerce platform,construct the purchasing information platform for supermarket and wholesale market.
235 CHARACTERIZATION OF NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC GLENOHUMERAL JOINTS

The purpose of this study was to characterize differences between normal and osteoarthritic shoulders in terms of the orientation of the glenoid in a vertical and transverse plane (glenoid tilt), the rotation of the humerus about a longitudinal axis (humeral torsion), and the ratio of the maximum width of the glenoid to that of the humerus (glenohumeral index). Eighty-two matched right humeri and scapula from an African cadaveric population were graded on the basis of arthritic changes as Grade 0 (none), Grade I (osteophytes), Grade II (cysts or erosions), or Grade III (burnishing or eburnation) and physically measured. A coordinate axis system was used to determine glenoid tilt and humeral torsion. Arthritic shoulders had a larger glenoid transverse width (21.4 ± 2.1 mm) than normal shoulders (20.1 ±2.0mm). Horizontal gelnoid tilt was more anteverted in arthritic shoulders (8.0 ± 5.8 degrees) than in normal shoulders (3.7 ± 7.7 degrees) as well. Transverse glenohumeral index varied significantly between the graded arthritic groups of both the humerus and the glenoid while humeral torsion and vertical glenoid tilt differed between arthritic groupings of the glenoid and humerus respectively. From this study it is possible to conclude that horizontal glenoid tilt, transverse glenoid width, and transverse glenohumeral index play a role in osteoarthritis both of the humerus and of the glenoid. Vertical glenoid tilt has more specific implications in arthritis of the humerus and humeral torsion plays a role most significantly in arthritis of the glenoid.
Roughage sources in beef cattle finishing diets.

In four feeding trials with beef steers, corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH), and alfalfa silage (AS) were compared as roughage sources in dry-rolled (DRC); dry whole (DWC); ground, high-moisture (GHMC); and whole, high-moisture corn (WHMC) fattening diets. In processed corn diets (DRC and GHMC), steers fed CS had lower DMI (P less than .05) and feed:gain ratios (P less than .10) than steers fed AS as the roughage source. In a separate trial, greater gains (P less than .10) and lower feed:gain ratios (P less than .05) were found during the initial feeding period, which included the adaptation phase, for steers fed CS vs steers fed AH as the roughage source. Over the entire feeding period, lower (corn type x roughage source interaction, P less than .05) feed:gain ratios were found in GHMC diets when CS was fed as the roughage source; feed:gain ratios were similar in steers fed DRC diets containing either CS or AH. Over the entire feeding period, similar performance was found among steers fed the various roughage sources in DWC diets; however, with WHMC diets, steers fed AS as the roughage source had lower feed:gain ratios than did steers fed AH (P less than .05) or CS (P greater than .10). In the processed corn diets, high correlations were found between diet NDF digestibility and gain (r = .80), intake (r = .68), and feed:gain ratios (r = -.66); similar trends were found in WHMC diets but not in DWC diets. These results suggest that the ideal roughage source to complement finishing diets may depend on corn processing method and feeding period (adaptation vs finishing).
Is public justification self-defeating?

Soulevant la question de la justification du principe de la justification publique de l'autorite politique coercitive, l'A. montre que ce principe n'obeit pas aux conditions de publicite et d'acceptabilite qui fondent la justification publique. Examinant la fonction de reconciliation ainsi que le statut du principe d'egalite, l'A. rejette ce principe comme principe insuffisant de la legitimite politique.
Do Lower Calorie or Lower Fat Foods Have More Sodium Than Their Regular Counterparts

The objective of this study was to compare the sodium content of a regular food and its lower calorie/fat counterpart. Four food categories, among the top 20 contributing the most sodium to the US diet, met the criteria of having the most matches between regular foods and their lower calorie/fat counterparts. A protocol was used to search websites to create a list of “matches”, a regular and comparable lower calorie/fat food(s) under each brand. Nutrient information was recorded and analyzed for matches. In total, 283 matches were identified across four food categories: savory snacks (N = 44), cheese (N = 105), salad dressings (N = 90), and soups (N = 44). As expected, foods modified from their regular versions had significantly reduced average fat (total fat and saturated fat) and caloric profiles. Mean sodium content among modified salad dressings and cheeses was on average 8%–12% higher, while sodium content did not change with modification of savory snacks. Modified soups had significantly lower mean sodium content than their regular versions (28%–38%). Consumers trying to maintain a healthy diet should consider that sodium content may vary in foods modified to be lower in calories/fat.
Systematic review of the association between oil and natural gas extraction processes and human reproduction

This systematic review identified 45 original published research articles related to oil and gas extraction activities and human reproductive endpoints. Reproductive outcomes were categorized as [1] birth outcomes associated with maternal exposure, [2] semen quality, fertility, and birth outcomes associated with adult paternal exposure, [3] reproductive cancers, and [4] disruption of human sex steroid hormone receptors. The results indicate there is moderate evidence for an increased risk of preterm birth, miscarriage, birth defects, decreased semen quality, and prostate cancer. The quality of the evidence is low and/or inadequate for stillbirth, sex ratio, and birth outcomes associated with paternal exposure, and testicular cancer, female reproductive tract cancers, and breast cancer, and the evidence is inconsistent for an increased risk of low birth weight; therefore, no conclusions can be drawn for these health effects. There is ample evidence for disruption of the estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors by oil and gas chemicals, which provides a mechanistic rationale for how exposure to oil and gas activities may increase the health risks we have outlined. The results from this systematic review suggest there is a negative impact on human reproduction from exposure to oil and gas activities. Many of the 45 studies reviewed identified potential human health effects. Most of these studies focused on conventional oil and gas activities. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of unconventional oil and gas operations on human health. The impact of unconventional oil and gas activities may be greater than that of conventional activity, given that unconventional activities employ many of the same approaches and use dozens of known endocrine-disrupting chemicals in hydraulic fracturing.
Electronic control of H + current in a bioprotonic device with Gramicidin A and Alamethicin

In biological systems, intercellular communication is mediated by membrane proteins and ion channels that regulate traffic of ions and small molecules across cell membranes. A bioelectronic device with ion channels that control ionic flow across a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) should therefore be ideal for interfacing with biological systems. Here, we demonstrate a biotic–abiotic bioprotonic device with Pd contacts that regulates proton (H+) flow across an SLB incorporating the ion channels Gramicidin A (gA) and Alamethicin (ALM). We model the device characteristics using the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz (GHK) solution to the Nernst–Planck equation for transport across the membrane. We derive the permeability for an SLB integrating gA and ALM and demonstrate pH control as a function of applied voltage and membrane permeability. This work opens the door to integrating more complex H+ channels at the Pd contact interface to produce responsive biotic–abiotic devices with increased functionality. Conventional electronics use electrons as charge carriers whereas biological systems use ions, confounding integration of electronics with biology. Here the authors show voltage-regulated flow of protons across a supported lipid bilayer using the ion channel Gramicidin A and the voltage-gated ion channel Alamethicin.
M2D: Monolog to Dialog Generation for Conversational Story Telling

Storytelling serves many different social functions, e.g. stories are used to persuade, share troubles, establish shared values, learn social behaviors, and entertain. Moreover, stories are often told conversationally through dialog, and previous work suggests that information provided dialogically is more engaging than when provided in monolog. In this paper, we present algorithms for converting a deep representation of a story into a dialogic storytelling, that can vary aspects of the telling, including the personality of the storytellers. We conduct several experiments to test whether dialogic storytellings are more engaging, and whether automatically generated variants in linguistic form that correspond to personality differences can be recognized in an extended storytelling dialog.
Bigfoot: A geo-based visualization methodology for detecting BGP threats

Studies of inter-domain routing in the Internet have highlighted the complex and dynamic nature of connectivity changes that take place daily on a global scale. The ability to assess and identify normal, malicious, irregular and unexpected behaviors in routing update streams is important in daily network and security operations. In this paper we describe Bigfoot, a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) update visualization system that has been designed to highlight and assess a wide variety of behaviors in update streams. At the core of Bigfoot is the notion of visualizing the announcements of network prefixes via IP geolocation. We investigate different representations of polygons for network footprints and show how straightforward application of IP geolocation can lead to representations that are difficult to interpret. Bigfoot includes techniques to filter, organize, analyze and visualize BGP updates that enable characteristics and behaviors of interest to be identified effectively. To demonstrate Bigfoot's capabilities, we consider 1.79B BGP updates collected over a period of one year and identify 139 candidate events in this data. We investigate a subset of these events in detail, along with ground truth from existing literature to show how network footprint visualizations can be used in operational deployments.
Economic outcomes of international public relations: A time-series analysis at the country level

This study examines the causal relationship between international public relations expenditure and its economic returns at the country level. In order to overcome the limitations of previous studies that have attempted to quantify the outcomes of public relations efforts and investments using correlations, this study conducted a more rigorous causality test by measuring the relationship between data series using timeseries analysis. International public relations expenditure data were collected from the semiannual reports of the Foreign Agency Registration Act (FARA), from 1996 to 2009. The economic outcomes analyzed include US imports from the client countries and US foreign direct investment toward the client countries. Four countries (Japan, Colombia, Belgium, and the Philippines) were selected to constitute the sample. Based on the results of the unit-root test and the co-integration test, the relationship was analyzed using three models of the Granger causality test: (1) the simple Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, (2) the Vector Error Correction Model, and (3) the Toda and Yamamoto version of the Granger non-causality test. The results show that past public relations expenditure holds power in forecasting the economic outcomes for Japan, Belgium, and the Philippines. This was not the case, however, for Colombia, whose historically strong economic and cultural ties with the US may have shifted the direction of causation from economic outcome to PR expenditure.
Scattering and diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space II: shallow arbitrary shaped canyon

Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P- and SV- waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P- and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P- and SV- scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.
Abstract TP201: Diabetes and the Risk of Death and Stroke Recurrence Following Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), but the literature is inconsistent on the effect of DM on outcomes after IS. We sought to ...
Magnetic resonance microdynamic imaging reveals distinct tissue microenvironments.

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a powerful set of tools with which to investigate biological tissues noninvasively and in vivo. Tissues are heterogeneous in nature; an imaging voxel contains an ensemble of different cells and extracellular matrix components. A long-standing challenge has been to infer the content of and interactions among these microscopic tissue components within a macroscopic imaging voxel. Spatially resolved multidimensional relaxation–diffusion correlation (REDCO) spectroscopy holds the potential to deliver such microdynamic information. However, to date, vast data requirements have mostly relegated these type of measurements to nuclear magnetic resonance applications and prevented them from being widely and successfully used in conjunction with imaging. By using a novel data acquisition and processing strategy in this study, spatially resolved REDCO could be performed in reasonable scanning times with excellent prospects for clinical applications. This new MR imaging framework—which we term “magnetic resonance microdynamic imaging (MRMI)”—permits the simultaneous noninvasive and model-free quantification of multiple subcellular, cellular, and interstitial tissue microenvironments within a voxel. MRMI is demonstrated with a fixed spinal cord specimen, enabling the quantification of microscopic tissue components with unprecedented specificity. Tissue components, such as axons, neuronal and glial soma, and myelin were identified on the basis of their multispectral signature within individual imaging voxels. These tissue elements could then be composed into images and be correlated with immunohistochemistry findings. MRMI provides novel image contrasts of tissue components and a new family of microdynamic biomarkers that could lead to new diagnostic imaging approaches to probe biological tissue alterations accompanied by pathological or developmental changes.
Design of a structural health monitoring and notification system

This paper will discuss an embedded system for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The system designed is a working proof of concept prototype made for an SHM system using Piezoelectronic transducers as the sensors. The system uses pulse-echo and pitch-catch techniques to find the location of damage and the width of the damage. If damage is present, the system will generate an email and send to the owner of the bridge with the damage location and width. This could drastically increase the safety of bridges as engineers will be notified as soon as damage has been found thus helping with preventative maintenance.
Caffeine Citrate Dosing Adjustments to Assure Stable Caffeine Concentrations in Preterm Neonates.

Objective To identify dosing strategies that will assure stable caffeine concentrations in preterm neonates despite changing caffeine clearance during the first 8 weeks of life. Methods A 3-step simulation approach was used to compute caffeine doses that would achieve stable caffeine concentrations in the first 8 weeks after birth: (1) a mathematical weight change model was developed based on published weight distribution data; (2) a pharmacokinetic model was developed based on published models that accounts for individual body weight, postnatal, and gestational age on caffeine clearance and volume of distribution; and (3) caffeine concentrations were simulated for different dosing regimens. Results A standard dosing regimen of caffeine citrate (using a 20 mg/kg loading dose and 5 mg/kg/day maintenance dose) is associated with a maximal trough caffeine concentration of 15 mg/L after 1 week of treatment. However, trough concentrations subsequently exhibit a clinically relevant decrease because of increasing clearance. Model-based simulations indicate that an adjusted maintenance dose of 6 mg/kg/day in the second week, 7 mg/kg/day in the third to fourth week and 8 mg/kg/day in the fifth to eighth week assures stable caffeine concentrations with a target trough concentration of 15 mg/L. Conclusions To assure stable caffeine concentrations during the first 8 weeks of life, the caffeine citrate maintenance dose needs to be increased by 1 mg/kg every 1-2 weeks. These simple adjustments are expected to maintain exposure to stable caffeine concentrations throughout this important developmental period and might enhance both the short- and long-term beneficial effects of caffeine treatment.
Morita equivalence and quotient rings

Abstract Let A and B be rings and let M be an A–B-bimodule that is finitely generated and projective in A-mod and in mod-B. Also let I be an ideal of A and let J be an ideal of B such that I M = M J . Our main result is a partial converse of a known result: Proposition. Suppose that I ≤ J ( A ) , J ≤ J ( B ) so that M / ( I M ) is an A ‾ = A / I – B ‾ = B / J -bimodule that is finitely generated and projective in A ‾ -mod and in mod- B ‾ and that induces a Morita Equivalence between A ‾ -mod and B ‾ -mod. Then M induces a Morita Equivalence between A-mod and B-mod. This result should be particularly useful in the context that A and B are O -algebras where O is a commutative local ring, I = J ( O ) A and J = I ( O ) B . In which case, A ‾ and B ‾ are finite dimensional algebras over the field k = O / J ( O ) .
Imagining Asia in the Americas

Imagining Asia in the Americas (2016) is an ambitious edited volume published as part of Rutgers’ Asian Studies Today series. The project emerged out of conversations that developed over four years...
Generation of Large Numbers of Myeloid Progenitors and Dendritic Cell Precursors from Murine Bone Marrow Using a Novel Cell Sorting Strategy

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have recently been recognized to be more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. These cultures routinely contain moDC as well monocyte-derived macrophages (moMac), and even some less developed cells such as monocytes. The goal of this protocol is to provide a consistent method for identification and separation of the many cell types present in these cultures as they develop, so that their specific functions may be further investigated. The sorting strategy presented here separates cells first into four populations based on expression of Ly6C and CD115, both of which are expressed transiently by cells as they develop in GM-CSF-driven culture. These four populations include Common myeloid progenitors or CMP (Ly6C-, CD115-), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors or GMP (Ly6C+, CD115-), monocytes (Ly6C+, CD115+), and monocyte-derived macrophages or moMac (Ly6C-, CD115+). CD11c is also added to the sorting strategy to distinguish two populations within the Ly6C-, CD115- population: CMP (CD11c-) and moDC (CD11c+). Finally, two populations may be further distinguished within the Ly6C-, CD115+ population based on the level of MHC class II expression. MoMacs express lower levels of MHC class II, while a monocyte-derived DC precursor (moDP) expresses higher MHC class II. This method allows for the reliable isolation of several developmentally distinct populations in numbers sufficient for a variety of functional and developmental analyses. We highlight one such functional readout, the differential responses of these cell types to stimulation with Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs).
Application validation on RTDroid

Android is becoming used more frequently in domains that expect some real-time guarantees. To facilitate the adoption of Android for programming real-time systems, this work presents a first effort to apply real-time scheduling theories to a real-time extension on Android, RTDroid. We integrate real-time properties specified in RT-Droid's application manifest with an existing real-time scheduling framework, Cheddar. We leverage Cheddar to perform schedulability analysis and feasibility tests, based on the properties of RTDroid application components specified in the application manifest. This paper details our integration process and reports our experience of validating real-time properties in a real-time application developed on RTDroid.
Do the Most Important Artists Make the Most Expensive Paintings

Art experts have disagreed about whether art markets accurately reflect artistic importance. This paper uses published surveys of art history to construct a critical ranking of the 30 most important American painters of the last century, then uses auction records to identify the most expensive paintings by these artists. The results show a strong positive association between critical rankings and auction prices: there is a high rank correlation between the critical ranking of artists and a ranking of the artists by their single highest auction price, and the top artists in the critical ranking are highly disproportionately represented among auction sales over $10 million, $30 million, and $50 million. Auction markets do recognize artistic importance: the greatest artists produce the most expensive paintings, and it is their most important works that sell for the highest prices.
Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis of Chemotherapy

An eruption of mildly pruritic crusted, eroded, and pseudovesicular erythematous papules most commonly on the chest and back, though can involve the extremities and rarely the scalp.
Lasting connectivity increase and anxiety reduction via transcranial alternating current stimulation.

Growing evidence of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulating intrinsic neural oscillations has spawned interest in applying tACS to treat psychiatric disorders associated with aberrant neural oscillations. The alpha rhythmic activity is known to dominate neural oscillations at the awake, restful state, while attenuated resting-state alpha activity has been implicated in anxious mood. Administering repeated alpha-frequency tACS (α-tACS; at individual peak alpha frequency; 8–12 Hz) over four consecutive days (in the experiment group, sham stimulation in the control group), we demonstrated immediate and lasting (>24 h) increases in resting-state posterior ➔frontal connectivity in the alpha frequency, quantified by Granger causality. Critically, this connectivity enhancement was accompanied by sustained reductions in both anxious arousal and negative perception of sensory stimuli. Resting-state alpha power also increased, albeit only transiently, reversing to the baseline level within 24 h after tACS. Therefore, the lasting enhancement of long-range alpha connectivity due to α-tACS differs from local alpha activity that is nonetheless conserved, highlighting the adaptability of alpha oscillatory networks. In light of increasing recognition of large-scale network dysfunctions as a transdiagnostic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, this enduring connectivity plasticity, along with the behavioral improvements, paves the way for tACS applications in clinical interventions of psychiatric ‘oscillopathies’.
Privacy-preserving deep learning and inference

We provide a systemization of knowledge of the recent progress made in addressing the crucial problem of deep learning on encrypted data. The problem is important due to the prevalence of deep learning models across various applications, and privacy concerns over the exposure of deep learning IP and user's data. Our focus is on provably secure methodologies that rely on cryptographic primitives and not trusted third parties/platforms. Computational intensity of the learning models, together with the complexity of realization of the cryptography algorithms hinder the practical implementation a challenge. We provide a summary of the state-of-the-art, comparison of the existing solutions, as well as future challenges and opportunities.
Obtaining contextually relevant geographic data using Facebook recruitment in public health studies.

Abstract Introduction Online participant recruitment for public health research studies has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly as traditional recruitment strategies have waned in efficiency. The emergence of e-epidemiology offers possibilities for reaching understudied populations as well as conducting large-scale studies. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey focused on self-reported neighborhood characteristics, perceived stress, and feasibility of obtaining work/residential addresses via online recruitment in St. Louis, Missouri, USA from February 2017 to December 2017. We report the process of using Facebook recruitment and demonstrate how this strategy can enhance collection of geospatial data to better understand context and spatial patterns of disease. Results A total of 425 participants were recruited via Facebook advertisements. All participants reported their residential and work ZIP codes, though only 64.7% and 45.6% provided their complete residential and work street addresses, respectively. Those who reported their complete residential street addresses were more likely to be female (69.8% vs. 56.1% of males, χ2 = 7.89, 1 df, p = 0.005), though no differences were observed by race, age, or employment status. Discussion These findings indicate that valuable location data can be successfully collected via Facebook recruitment – data that could potentially include residential history or prospective follow-up time or be combined with other emerging technologies for geographic data in order to better understand the context and the effects of place on health outcomes. Conclusions Facebook recruitment may be an underutilized resource for obtaining accurate geospatial and contextually relevant health data and should be considered as a means for finding participants due to the cost-effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility of this recruitment approach.
Brown Rice Vinegar as an Olfactory Field Attractant for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherimoya in Maui, Hawaii, with Implications for Attractant Specificity between Species and Estimation of Relative Abundance

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an agricultural pest that has been observed co-infesting soft-skinned fruits with Zaprionus indianus Gupta. The characterization of olfactory preferences by species is a necessary step towards the development of species-specific attractants. Five olfactory attractants were used to survey the populations of two invasive drosophilids in cherimoya in Maui, Hawaii. The attractants used were apple cider vinegar (ACV), brown rice vinegar (BRV), red wine (RW), apple cider vinegar and red wine (ACV+RW; 60/40), and brown rice vinegar and red wine (BRV+RW; 60/40). For D. suzukii, BRV+RW resulted in more captures than BRV, ACV, and RW, while ACV+RW resulted in more captures than ACV. No differences were observed between BRV+RW and ACV+RW. BRV had greater specificity in attracting D. suzukii compared to ACV, ACV+RW, and RW. For Z. indianus, no significant differences were observed in either the mean captures or specificity for any attractant used. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that (1) BRV and BRV+RW are effective field attractants and (2) D. suzukii has unique olfactory preferences compared to non-target drosophilids, while (3) Z. indianus’ preferences do not appear to vary from non-target drosophilids, and (4) the accuracy of relative abundance is impacted by the specificity of the attractants.
Students' Reflections on the Benefits of a Financial Simulation through "Thank You Notes".

As an instructional strategy, simulations have become common in the field of education. While they have been effective at imparting knowledge and skills, not all simulation experiences meet their o...
Quadriceps tendon autograft ACL reconstruction has less pivot shift laxity and lower failure rates than hamstring tendon autografts.

Quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft ACL reconstruction was hypothesized to possess less anterior knee laxity, pivot shift laxity, and lower failure rates than hamstring tendon (HT) autografts. Terms “hamstring tendon autograft” and “ACL reconstruction” or “quadriceps tendon autograft” and “ACL reconstruction” were searched in Embase and PubMed. Inclusion criteria required that studies included patients treated for primary ACL injury with reconstruction using either a QT autograft (Group 1) or a HT autograft (Group 2) and instrumented anterior knee laxity assessment. Extracted information included surgical fixation method, graft type, graft thickness or diameter, single vs. double bundle surgical method, publication year, time between the index knee injury and surgery, % women, initial and final subject number, subject age, follow-up length, side-to-side anterior knee laxity difference, Lysholm Score, Subjective IKDC score, anterior knee laxity side-to-side difference grade, ipsilateral pivot shift laxity grade, and failure rate. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies was used to evaluate study methodological quality. The QT group (Group 1) had 17 studies and the HT group (Group 2) had 61 studies. Overall, Group 2 had greater pivot shift laxity (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.59, p = 0.005). Group 2 suspensory femoral fixation had greater pivot shift laxity (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01–1.58, p = 0.02) than Group 1 compression femoral fixation. Group 2 compression femoral fixation also had more anterior knee laxity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.52, p = 0.01) than Group 1 compression femoral fixation and higher failure rates based on initial (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18–2.4, p = 0.002) and final (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–2.71, p = 0.0003) subject number. Failure rate for HT compression femoral fixation was greater than suspensory femoral fixation based on initial (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.52–2.84, p < 0.0001) and final (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.63–3.16, p < 0.0001) subject number. Overall, QT autografts had less pivot shift laxity and lower failure rates based on final subject number than HT autografts. Compression QT autograft femoral fixation had lower pivot shift laxity than suspensory HT autograft femoral fixation. Compression QT autograft femoral fixation had less anterior knee laxity and lower failure rates than compression HT autograft femoral fixation. Suspensory HT autograft femoral fixation had lower failure rates than compression HT autograft femoral fixation. Greater knee laxity and failure rates may be related to a combination of HT autograft diameter and configuration (tissue quality and dimensions, strands, bundles, and suturing method) variability and fixation mode. Level IV.
Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Implications for Management in Children

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory skin diseases associated with a significant cutaneous and systemic burden of disease as well as a poor health-related quality of life. Here, we review the complex pathophysiology of both AD and psoriasis and discuss the implications for treatment with current state-of-the-art and emerging topical and systemic therapies. Both AD and psoriasis are caused by a complex combination of immune dysregulation, skin-barrier disruption, genetic factors, and environmental influences. Previous treatments for both diseases were limited to anti-inflammatory agents that broadly suppress inflammation. Emerging insights into relevant pathways, including recognition of the role of T-helper type 2 driven inflammation in AD and T-helper 1 and 17 driven inflammation in psoriasis, have led to a therapeutic revolution. There are a number of novel treatment options available for AD and psoriasis with many more currently under investigation.
Applying Transdisciplinarity: Exploring Transgenerational Traumas of Anatolia, Turkey

Collective trauma such as wars, genocide, and natural disasters often affect society from micro (individual) to macro (society) levels. These multilevel traumas are inevitably passed on to subseque...
Characterizing the providers of and reimbursement for chronic migraine chemodenervation among the Medicare population.

OBJECTIVE To characterize reimbursement trends and providers for chronic migraine (CM) chemodenervation treatment within the Medicare population since the introduction of the migraine-specific CPT code in 2013. METHODS We describe trends in procedure volume and total allowed charge on cross-sectional data obtained from 2013 to 2018 Medicare Part B National Summary files. We also utilized the 2017 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data to analyze higher volume providers (>10 procedures) of this treatment modality. RESULTS The total number of CM chemodenervation treatments rose from 37,863 in 2013 to 135,023 in 2018 in a near-linear pattern (r = 0.999) and total allowed charges rose from ~$5,217,712 to $19,166,160 (r = 0.999). The majority of high-volume providers were neurologists (78.4%; 1060 of 1352), but a substantial proportion were advanced practice providers (APPs) (10.2%; 138 of 1352). Of the physicians, neurologists performed a higher mean number of procedures per physician compared to non-neurologists (59.6 [95% CI: 56.6-62.6] vs. 45.4 [95% CI: 41.0-50.0], p < 0.001). When comparing physicians and APPs, APPs were paid significantly less ($146.5 [95% CI: $145.6-$147.5] vs. $119.7 [95% CI: $117.6-$121.8], p < 0.001). As a percent of the number of total beneficiaries in each state, the percent of Medicare patients receiving ≥1 CM chemodenervation treatment from a high-volume provider in 2017 ranged from 0.024% (24 patients of 98,033 beneficiaries) in Wyoming to 0.135% (997 of 736,521) in Arizona, with six states falling outside of this range. CONCLUSION Chemodenervation is an increasingly popular treatment for CM among neurologists and other providers, but the reason for this increase is unclear. There is substantial geographic variation in its use.
Excessive All-Trans Retinoic Acid Inhibits Cell Proliferation Through Upregulated MicroRNA-4680-3p in Cultured Human Palate Cells

Cleft palate is the second most common congenital birth defect, and both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the disease. However, it remains largely unknown how environmental factors affect palate development. Our previous studies show that several microRNAs (miRs) suppress the expression of genes involved in cleft palate. Here we show that miR-4680-3p plays a crucial role in cleft palate pathogenesis. We found that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) specifically induces miR-4680-3p in cultured human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. Overexpression of miR-4680-3p inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner through the suppression of expression of ERBB2 and JADE1, which are known cleft palate-related genes. Importantly, a miR-4680-3p-specific inhibitor normalized cell proliferation and altered expression of ERBB2 and JADE1 in cells treated with atRA. Taken together, our results suggest that upregulation of miR-4680-3p induced by atRA may cause cleft palate through suppression of ERBB2 and JADE1. Thus, miRs may be potential targets for the prevention and diagnosis of cleft palate.
Abstract PS19-05: Functional importance of long-tail mutations in breast cancer

Background: Cancer driver genes are characterized by frequently recurrent mutations, substantial functional impact on in vitro and in vivo cancer growth, and several of the represent clinically important therapeutic targets. Whole exome and genome sequencing studies identified mutations in at least one cancer driver gene in about 70% breast cancers. These studies also revealed that each cancer also harbors hundreds to thousands of additional non-recurrent mutations which follow a long-tail distribution. Historically, these long tail “passenger” mutations are considered random due to genomic instability and not expected to contribute to the biology of the disease. We hypothesize that “long-tail” mutations could also have functional importance and contribute to the unique biology of a given cancer. The goal of the current analysis was to identify the long-tail mutations in breast cancer, and estimate their overall functional importance. Methods: We obtained somatic mutations from the breast cancer TCGA cohort (N=1076) and calculated the somatic mutation frequency for each gene. The dNdScv algorithm was used to estimate significantly mutated genes. A gene was considered to be in the long tail of mutations if its somatic mutation frequency was 1-3%, and the dNdScv p-value was Citation Format: Tao Qing, Hussein Mohsen, Mariya Rozenblit, Michal Marczyk, Julia Foldi, Kim Blenman, Vignesh Gunasekharan, Lajos Pusztai. Functional importance of long-tail mutations in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS19-05.
Higher education and career development experiences of emerging adults: A focus on university students and graduates in Haiti

Background : There is limited empirical research on student experiences in the Haitian higher education system and less so that examined university-based career counselling and the career trajectory of graduates in Haiti. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the higher education and career development of emerging adults in Haiti. Method : This study emerged from a larger qualitative case study conducted in 2013 of HigherEdOrg (pseudonym); a higher education-centred organization in Haiti. Data collection included semi-structured and focus group interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. First and second cycle coding was applied to interview data. Results : Data analysis revealed two overarching themes: Higher Education and Career Challenges in Haiti and HigherEdOrg Strategies. A combination of country-level opportunity constraints and university-specific academic structures contributed to higher education and career challenges for students. Conversely, university students affiliated with HigherEdOrg found the comprehensive support provided alleviated difficulties surrounding higher education and career experiences. Implications include the possibility of a new model of higher education for Haiti that integrates career counselling as a new area of focus. Conclusion : Though emerging adults in Haiti experience considerable challenges in their higher education and career development experiences, the findings from this study revealed a pipeline between higher education attainment and positive career outcomes for those university students affiliated with HigherEdOrg. Recommendation for future research include an environmental scan of the nature of career guidance offered to university students in Haiti, which will inform the design of targeted and relevant research projects to address this understudied issue.
Impressions of freedom: Camille Pissarro and the post-emancipation Caribbean

This study explores slavery and emancipation through the work of the painter Camille Pissarro (1830-1903). Sometimes called the “Father of Impressionism,” Pissarro, a Caribbean native of Sephardic ...