cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional heterogeneous DNA sensing surface formed by attaching oligodeoxynucleotide-capped gold nanoparticles onto a gold-coated quartz crystal

Exposing oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)-capped Au nanoparticles to a quartz crystal under shear oscillation resulted in the formation of a uniform monolayer containing these nanoparticles or multilayers with islands of the ODN-capped nanoparticles, which, in turn, improved the extent of DNA hybridization.
Lingualized occlusion for removable prosthodontics

Lingualized occlusion provides a useful combination of several occlusal concepts. Many advantages of anatomic and nonanatomic occlusions are retained. Adjustment to compensate for minor changes in vertical and centric relation is readily accomplished. Satisfactory occlusion is easily obtained, and balanced occlusion can be accomplished. The lingualized occlusal concept is not a panacea, and all other procedures still must be carefully executed.
Some views on the significance of qR and QR type complexes in right precordial leads in the absence of myocardial infarction.

Abstract 1. 1. It is considered that qR and QR complexes in right precordial leads in the absence of myocardial infarction are a good indication of right atrial dilatation. 2. 2. This statement was proved in cardiac cases wherein the right cavities were affected. It was furthermore proved by angiocardiography and necropsy studies that the right atrium was enlarged. 3. 3. The similarity of differences of potential recorded at the atrial surface and within the cavity are pointed out by means of the intra-atrial leads in man and in the dog, by atrial epicardial leads in the dog, and by esophageal and bronchial leads in man. 4. 4. Since the same potentials were found over the epicardial surface of the right atrium and within its cavity, qR and QR complexes were registered both at these sites and over the right precordial leads. It was believed the potential was registered very close to the surface of the right atrium. This implies that this atrium was enlarged, in order to approach points C1 and C2 or that a rotation of the heart took place in such a way as to approximate the right atrial wall to the chest wall. 5. 5. These complexes (qR and QR) have been found experimentally in high portions of the interventricular septum which have a delayed activation. When they are registered over the right precordial leads it is probable that the exploring electrode is oriented to these aspects of the septum through the dilated right atrium.
Poverty, residential segregation, and black/white mortality ratios in urban areas.

Researchers speculate that in addition to poverty, residential patterns may contribute to black/white differences in mortality rates. But few have assessed the relationship. This study reports considerable variation in the black/white ratio of age-specific all-cause mortality rates (ages 15-24 to 65-74 years) from 1982 to 1986 among the 38 U.S. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) with populations greater than one million in 1980. The black/white poverty-rate ratio for each SMSA was a stronger predictor of variation in the black/white mortality ratio for men than for women. For both men and women age 15-44, the level of black/white residential segregation was a significant (positive) predictor of the black/white ratio of the age-standardized death rate. This analysis also identifies SMSAs containing geographic areas with unusually high or low black/white mortality ratios, and indicates the need for more-detailed studies of explanations for such variation.
Deletions of distal sequence affect termination of transcription at the end of the tryptophan operon in E. coli

Abstract The region immediately following the structural genes of the tryptophan operon in the E. coli chromosome specifies termination of transcription for RNA polymerase. We have precisely characterized eight mutations in this region which were obtained in a selection for readthrough into distally placed lactose operon genes. These mutations are all ultraviolet-induced deletions, ranging in size from 185–900 nucleotide pairs, and all of them relieve transcription termination at the normal site. Unexpectedly, five of the eight have their proximal end-points 12–73 nucleotides past the point of termination of trp mRNA. This suggests that correct termination requires the participation of sequences located at least 70 nucleotides beyond the endpoint of the transcript. There is no evidence for any secondary mutations in the region between trpA and the deletion junctions, and analysis of the mRNA produced in these strains confirms that the observed increase in lac expression is correlated directly with readthrough transcription at the normal punctuation site, as judged by the yield of a unique readthrough oligonucleotide. Examination of 500 nucleotides of wild-type DNA sequence spanning the deleted regions reveals no unusual features beyond a general tendency to AT richness. Since those features of the trp terminator which are common to other regions of transcription termination are not affected by the five distal deletions, however, we must conclude that sequences distal to the endpoint of transcription can also play a crucial role in the proper functioning of termination signals.
On surface growth of actin networks

A continuum theory of surface growth is applied to the mechanical modeling of cell motility. The theory relies on a decomposition of the motion into deformation- and growth-inducing parts. A non-dissipative constitutive relation is adopted and expressed exclusively in terms of the current configuration. The resulting model is used in the simulation of a network of actin filaments, and a simple one-dimensional example is included to showcase its predictive capacity.
Serum thyroid hormones and reproductive characteristics of Rambouillet ewe lambs treated with propylthiouracil before puberty

Abstract Twenty-four Rambouillet ewe lambs (average weight=43.7±1.2 kg, approximately 6 months of age) were used to examine the effect of thyroid suppression before the onset of puberty on serum thyroid hormones, body weights (BW), and reproductive performance. Beginning in early September, ewe lambs were randomly assigned to three treatments ( n =8 lambs/treatment). All animals remained in a single pen (4×12 m) with access to salt, water, shade and alfalfa hay (2.5 kg per animal per day) throughout the experiment. Beginning on Day 0 (first day of treatment), all ewe lambs received daily treatments (gavage) for 15 days consisting of 0, 20, or 40 mg 6- N -propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)/kg BW per day. Beginning on Day 15, the 20 and 40 mg treatments were lowered to 10 and 20 mg PTU/kg BW, respectively. All animals were treated for 28 days. Ovarian cyclicity was determined by twice weekly progesterone (P 4 ) analysis. Thyroxine (T 4 ) concentrations were similar on Day 0 (61.6, 54.8 and 56.9±2.5 ng/ml, P =0.17) in ewe lambs receiving 0, 20 and 40 mg PTU/kg BW, respectively. By Day 7, both PTU-treated groups had T 4 values less than 20 ng/ml (9.0 and 15.4±2.5 ng/ml) compared with 78.5 ng/ml in controls ( P 4 had risen to 29.1 and 26.9 (±2.9) ng/ml in the 20/10 and 40/20 PTU groups, respectively. On Day 66, control ewes had 55.0 ng T 4 /ml compared with 43.1 and 39.0 (±2.6 ng/ml) for ewes in the 20/10 and 40/20 groups, respectively (linear, P 3 ) followed a similar pattern to that observed for T 4 . Ewe lamb BW were similar ( P >0.50) among groups throughout the treatment period. However, following the treatment, PTU-treated ewes tended ( P P >0.50) among treatments (286, 288 and 288±5 days; control, 20/10 and 40/20, respectively). Control ewes had a pregnancy rate of 75%, while both PTU-treated groups had pregnancy rates of 88% ( P >0.20). The administration of PTU resulted in a rapid decline in serum T 4 and T 3 but neither time of puberty nor pregnancy rates were affected by lowered thyroid hormones.
The Normal Microenvironment Directs Mammary Gland Development

Normal development of the mammary gland is a multidimensional process that is controlled in part by its mammary microenvironment. The mammary microenvironment is a defined location that encompasses mammary somatic stem cells, neighboring signaling cells, the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, mammary fibroblasts as well as the intercellular signals produced and received by these cells. These dynamic signals take numerous forms including growth factors, steroids, cell-cell or cell-basement membrane physical interactions. Cellular growth and differentiation of the mammary gland throughout the developmental stages are regulated by changes in these signals and interactions. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information and research regarding the role of the mammary microenvironment during normal glandular development.
Glycogen content in neonatal diaphragmatic fibers in response to inspiratory flow resistive loads

To study intramuscular glycogen use with increased work loads in the neonatal diaphragm, unanesthetized lambs were subjected to severe inspiratory flow resistive loads. With these loads, transdiaphragmatic pressure and arterial CO2 tension increased several fold above baseline and then remained stable for a period of 10-30 min. This was followed by a decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure and a marked increase in arterial CO2 tension with severe acidosis. Intramuscular glycogen content was determined histochemically by the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and was quantified microphotometrically by the fiber types (type I, IIa, or IIc) present in the lamb costal diaphragm. Glycogen content in the control diaphragm was greatest in type IIa fibers and lowest in type I fibers. With severe inspiratory flow resistive loads, the greatest decrease in glycogen content was in type IIa fibers, followed by type IIc and type I fibers. Therefore, our data suggest that in the neonatal lamb subjected to inspiratory flow resistive loads the diaphragm uses intramuscular glycogen during increased work loads. These data do not indicate that the marked depletion of glycogen in the diaphragm is the cause of the decrease in diaphragmatic force.
The design and implementation of an analytical chemistry expert system

An expert system is described that controls a standard laboratory robotic system. A conceptual model of the domain is introduced to integrate every aspect of the design and execution of a laboratory procedure with robot's movements. Constructs of the conceptual model are used to define a Standard Robotic Methods system for volumetric, gravimetric, and spectrophotometric analyses.
A Novel Localization Pattern of Septins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cells Expressing the Candida Albicans Gene INT1

A Novel Localization Pattern of Septins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cells Expressing the Candida Albicans Gene INT1
Practitioners' Risk Exposure to Client Violence: A Test of Gender-Sensitive Case Assignment Among Supervisors

Gender has emerged as a risk factor for male social workers exposed to client-related assaults in the workplace. This explanatory study examines the main hypothesis that male social workers are more likely to be assigned adult mental health clients with histories of violence than are female colleagues. This experimental case vignette study solicited a national random sample of National Association of Social Workers (NASW) members (N = 181) who identified mental health as their primary service setting and supervision as their primary practice function. This investigation used gender role theory as a conceptual framework. A mixed-model repeated measure analysis of variance was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that management practices can contribute to disparate assignment of male exposure of gender disparities of client-related violence among social workers. Implications for practice, management, and policy are discussed.
“So My Name Is Alma, and I Am the Sister of … ”: A Feminicidio Testimonio of Violence and Violent Identifications

This essay draws on original qualitative research about feminicides in Ciudad Juarez to examine a transcribed and translated testimonio. Delivered by a sister of a victim of the feminicides, this testimonio bears witness by orally narrating instances of individual and collective violence committed against Mexicanas. The sister's testimonio stages violence in order for listeners to identify with (and take up a position against) acts of violence. Achieving such a goal relies on transforming listeners-to-witnesses through an embodied positionality rhetorically crafted prior to and during a feminicidio testimonio. Contextual antecedents prime listeners for a feminicidio testimonio by representing violence and kinship and also functioning as scenes for addressing listeners. Both the form and content of a feminicidio testimonio enable the transformation of listeners-to-witnesses: The form creates structural and latent relational dimensions of a testimonio whereas the content contains violent themes that indicat...
DEFECTS IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC QUARTZ

Abstract Thermoluminescence measurements of quartz (both irradiated and naturally colored) have been made from room temperature to 375°C. Various peaks of the light intensity vs. temperature curves have been identified with absorption maxima in the 190–1000 mμ spectral region. The method is extremely sensitive to radiation dose; well-defined peaks being observed for very short X-irradiation times (~ 1 sec.). Data are presented on X-irradiated natural quartz, smoky quartz and on X-irradiated synthetic quartz with various additives.
Proliferative characteristics and chromosomal stability of bovine donor cells for nuclear transfer.

Few studies have characterized donor cell lines in terms of proliferative capacity and chromosomal stability. Abnormal phosphorylation patterns of the histones during metaphase could lead to abnormal chromosome segregation and extensive chromosome loss during mitosis. Suboptimal culture conditions may lead to abnormal histone H3 phosphorylation patterns, ultimately inducing missegregation and loss of chromosomes. The objective of the present study was to determine proliferative characteristics, chromosomal stability, and level of histone phosphorylation in cell lines established by explants and enzymatic dissociation. Proliferative characteristics, percentage of aneuploid cells, and relative levels of phosphorylated histone H3 (ser10) were determined at different population doublings (PD) by cell counting, karyotyping, and flow cytometry, respectively. The level of aneuploidies was high and remained elevated throughout the study independent of the technique used to establish the primary culture. Some cell lines had up to 50% of aneuploid cells during early passages. Multinucleated cells and abnormal spindle configurations were observed after prolonged time in culture (60 and 41%, respectively). An increase in the relative level of phosphorylated histone occurred after extended time in culture (55.7 during early passages vs. 102.6 at late passages). These data demonstrate the importance of determining chromosome content and the selection of healthy cell lines to decrease the percentage of aneuploid reconstructed embryos and increase the efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT). Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ERP training strategies: conceptual training and the formation of accurate mental models

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are large, complex integrated software applications that often take years to implement. This study examined a major determinant of successful ERP implementation, end-user training. Specifically, this study advances research in the area of ERP software through examining end-user training strategies that may impact the effective use of these complex systems. The Sein, Bostrom, and Olfman [19] Hierarchical Knowledge-Level model is applied in an experiment to develop more effective ERP training strategies. The experiment was a non-equivalent quasi-experimental design involving two groups of approximately 35 senior business students: one group was given the introduction of ERP workflow concepts as an advance organizer (TCT Group); the other received traditional, procedurally-oriented (PT Group) ERP training over the same 5 week time period. A series of post-test measures were administered after each training treatment, and ten days after all treatments concluded. The study finds that a workflow conceptual advanced organizer strategy (TCT group) improves end-users' mental model accuracy over time as demonstrated by the subjects' ability to recall ERP specific concepts. Results indicate that a conceptual advance organizer is an important component of ERP training and should be incorporated into an organization's training strategy.
Opportunities of microelectromechanical systems in the application of detection, localization, and neutralization of unexploded ordinances

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of actuators, sensors, and electronics onto a silicon substrate through the utilization of microfabrication technology. MEMS is an enabling technology, in that it allows the realization of smart devices and systems by augmenting the computational ability of electronics with the perception and control capabilities of microsensors and microactuators. In the most general form, the sensors gather information from the environment, the electronics analyze the sensor information and direct the actuators to control or manipulate the environment for some desired outcome or purpose. The benefits of MEMS technology for realization of demining sensors include: high sensitivity, low-cost due to batch fabrication; high accuracy and reliability, small size and weight; low power consumption; high levels of functionality; and the ability to integrate on-chip electronics. Combining MEMS sensors onto low-cost robotic platforms which can autonomously scan large areas for mines without placing humans at risk is an attractive approach to the unexploded ordinance problem.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tourniquet occlusion technique for tibial artery reconstruction

Abstract Purpose: Vascular clamps, vessel loops, and intraluminal occluding devices used to control tibial and pedal vessels can be injurious and may fail to occlude heavily calcified arteries. In an effort to prevent injury to these small arteries, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of thigh pneumatic tourniquet occlusion for distal vascular control during infrapopliteal reconstruction. Methods: During an 18-month period, 88 tibial or pedal arterial reconstructions were performed on 80 patients (mean age 75 years) by the tourniquet technique. Data regarding indications for operation, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative findings, surgical technique, and early outcome were recorded prospectively. Results: Sixty percent of patients were diabetic: 36% insulin dependent and 24% non-insulin dependent. The indications for operation were claudication in 6 (7%), ischemic ulcer in 24 (27%), rest pain in 25 (28%), and gangrene in 33 (38%) patients. Thirty-five percent of operations followed failed ipsilateral infrainguinal reconstructions. The peroneal artery was the target vessel in 38%, anterior tibial in 26%, posterior tibial in 23%, tibioperoneal trunk in 9%, and inframalleolar vessels in 4% of cases. Preoperative analog waveforms and ankle-brachial indexes were used to classify the tibial arteries as compliant, 49%; relatively noncompressible, 30%; and absolutely noncompressible, 9%. Twelve percent had no Doppler flow at the ankle level. At operation 36 of the target arteries (41%) had mural calcification. Tourniquet pressures of 200 to 400 mm Hg (mode 250 mm Hg) were applied from 13 to 55 minutes (mean 27.1 ± 9.1 minutes). All patients were given systemic anticoagulants. In 19 limbs (22%) the tourniquet was used to occlude a patent superficial femoral artery above the proximal (inflow) anastomosis to either the superficial femoral artery (8%), the above-knee popliteal artery (5%), or the below-knee popliteal artery (9%). Hemostasis was adequate in all cases and no alternative occlusive devices were required. There were no significant complications attributable to the use of the pneumatic tourniquet. Conclusion: Tourniquet occlusion simplifies the infrapopliteal dissection, lessens operating time, improves visualization of the distal anastomosis, and removes the potential for arterial injury to the target vessel. Arterial calcification and noncompressible tibial arteries do not contraindicate the use of thigh tourniquet occlusion. This technique is preferred for all patients undergoing tibial or pedal artery reconstruction. J VASC SURG 1993;18:637-47.)
Determinants of manufactured export performance in low-income Africa: Kenya and Tanzania

Abstract This paper applies empirical trade theory to explaining the revealed comparative advantage in manufactured exports of Kenya and Tanzania. Exports are treated as a whole and also distinguished by destination (developed countries, developing countries and Africa). The undeveloped industrial and trade structures of these countries lead to low explanatory power of the equations, but the results for individual variables are generally expected and of interest.
Red light generation by sum frequency mixing of Er/Yb fibre amplifier output in QPM LiNbO3

Red light was generated by the sum frequency mixing of 1.55 µm emission of an Er/Yb doped fibre amplifier with the unabsorbed 1.064 µm pump light in a 2.3 cm long periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. A maximum power of 0.45 W was generated at 630 nm.
Efficacy of Topiramate as Adjunctive Therapy in Refractory Partial Seizures: United States Trial Experience

In companion double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials performed in the United States, topiramate (TPM) daily target dosages of 200-1,000 mg/day were evaluated as add-on therapy in adults with refractory partial seizures with or without becoming secondarily generalized. Net reductions in median monthly seizure frequency (active drug minus placebo) with the most efficacious dosages of TPM were 35% in the low-dose trial and 40% in the high-dose trial. Substantial reductions in secondarily generalized seizures were also observed with TPM. TPM appears to be an efficacious new antiepileptic drug in the management of partial epilepsy.
Cyclic Pursuit in a Multi-Agent System With Double-Integrator Dynamics Under Non-Linear Interactions

This work presents a cyclic pursuit model based on non-linear inter-agent interactions driven by double-integrator dynamics. Cyclic pursuit models, beginning with the famous “Three-Bug problem”, have spurred a strong interest in the research community, encompassing linear and non-linear control models, synchronous and asynchronous pursuit and other similar variants and extensions. Much of the work, however, has been towards the development of kinematic pursuit models. Double-integrator models with directed interactions such as in cyclic pursuit models present strong challenges in the evaluation of the system stability and the emergence of global dynamic attributes based on local non-linear agent interactions. This work proposes and evaluates a control model based on a particular form of agent interactions involving linear attractive and non-linear repulsive forcing functions, directed from each agent to its leading agent along the pursuit curve. Specifically, the non-linear controller enforces a stricter implementation of collision avoidance among agents during pursuit, allowing for a reversal in pursuit direction when inter-agent separations drop to low values. Starting from arbitrary initial conditions for the multi-agent system, the emergence of stable cyclic pursuit configurations purely from local agent interactions is demonstrated. The proposed work has strong potential in co-operative perimeter-tracking applications such as wildfire monitoring and border patrol, where the need for efficient spatial distribution of agents around perimeters while in pursuit is essential for efficient data gathering and developing improved situational awareness for dynamic events.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Engineering education for a post-industrial world

Abstract The production structures of the US and most developed countries have evolved from agriculture to industry to services, but today the trajectories have passed their peaks and are now in steep decline. The causes of this decline are continual manufacturing and productivity improvements, demand inelasticity vis-a-vis income growth, and international outsourcing. The consequences are a continued movement of manufacturing plant investment abroad and the loss of engineer positions. Engineering education has traditionally concentrated on preparing students for professional careers in manufacturing and construction, but now those industries employ fewer engineers than ever. In view of this changing employment pattern, there should be a re-examination of education for engineers to make both education and engineers more relevant to the post-industrial world.
An experimental evaluation of the HP V-class and SGI origin 2000 multiprocessors using microbenchmarks and scientific applications

As processor technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, the principal performance bottleneck of shared memory systems has become the memory access latency. In order to understand the effects of cache and memory hierarchy on system latencies, performance analysts perform benchmark analysis on existing multiprocessors. In this study, we present a detailed comparison of two architectures, the HP V-Class and the SGI Origin 2000. Our goal is to compare and contrast design techniques used in these multiprocessors. We present the impact of processor design, cache/memory hierarchies and coherence protocol optimizations on the memory system performance of these multiprocessors. We also study the effect of parallelism overheads such as process creation and synchronization on the user-level performance of these multiprocessors. Our experimental methodology uses microbenchmarks as well as scientific applications to characterize the user-level performance. Our microbenchmark results show the impact of L1/L2 cache size and TLB size on uniprocessor load/store latencies, the effect of coherence protocol design/optimizations and data sharing patterns on multiprocessor memory access latencies and finally the overhead of parallelism. Our application-based evaluation shows the impact of problem size, dominant sharing patterns and number of processors used on speedup and raw execution time. Finally, we use hardware counter measurements to study the correlation of system-level performance metrics and the application's execution time performance.
Electro 77 “solar energy: A status report”

This is a symposium of four talks by outstanding leaders in the field. Because this is the first program of this subject at our general meeting, it is designed to introduce the subject to the community of EE's. The opening talk, in presenting an over-view, displays the scope and emphases of the ERDA program, factors that are little known outside the active participants in the field. The application to heating and cooling of buildings is the nearest one to widespread use and impacts a huge demand area. Silicon solar Cells are chosen as a fairly well-known representative of the solar electric technologies and in which significant advances are being mode. The final talk cover a number of interesting systems question that are both importatnt to field of solar electricity and likely to concern EE's.
The history of Allan Hills 84001 revised: Multiple shock events

The geologic history of Martian meteorite Allan Hills (ALH) 84001 is more complex than previously recognized, with evidence for four or five crater-forming impacts onto Mars. This history of repeated deformation and shock metamorphism appears to weaken some arguments that have been offered for and against the hypothesis of ancient Martian life in ALH 84001. Allan Hills 84001 formed originally from basaltic magma. Its first impact event (I1) is inferred from the deformation (D1) that produced the granular-textured bands ("crush zones") that transect the original igneous fabric. Deformation D1 is characterized by intense shear and may represent excavation or rebound flow of rock beneath a large impact crater. An intense thermal metamorphism followed D1 and may be related to it. The next impact (I2) produced fractures, (Fr2) in which carbonate "pancakes" were deposited and produced feldspathic glass from some of the igneous feldspars and silica. After I2, carbonate pancakes and globules were deposited in Fr2 fractures and replaced feldspathic glass and possibly crystalline silicates. Next, feldspars, feldspathic glass, and possibly some carbonates were mobilized and melted in the third impact (I3). Microfaulting, intense fracturing, and shear are also associated with 13. In the fourth impact (I4), the rock was fractured and deformed without significant heating, which permitted remnant magnetization directions to vary across fracture surfaces. Finally, ALH 84001 was ejected from Mars in event I5, which could be identical to I4. This history of multiple impacts is consistent with the photogeology of the Martian highlands and may help resolve some apparent contradictions among recent results on ALH 84001. For example, the submicron rounded magnetite grains in the carbonate globules could be contemporaneous with carbonate deposition, whereas the elongate magnetite grains, epitaxial on carbonates, could be ascribed to vapor-phase deposition during I3.
Financial Literacy of Young Adults: The Importance of Parental Socialization.

This article tests a conceptual model of perceived parental influence on the financial literacy of young adults. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether (a) parents were perceived to influence young adults' financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and (b) the degree to which young adults' financial attitudes mediated financial knowledge and perceived parental influence on young adults' financial behaviors. A sample consisting of 420 college students participated in the study. Findings by the College Student Financial Literacy Survey (CSFLS) indicated that perceived parental influence had a direct and moderately significant influence on financial attitude, did not have an effect on financial knowledge, and had an indirect and moderately significant influence on financial behavior, mediated through financial attitude.
Balloon occlusion of an internal mammary artery to anterior interventricular vein fistula

Abstract An infrequent complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is inadvertent grafting to a coronary vein resulting in an arteriovenous fistula. We describe a case in which the left internal mammary artery (IMA) was anastomosed to the anterior interventricular vein. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving such a fistula managed with balloon occlusion.
Probing Static Structure of Colloid-Polymer Suspensions with Multiply Scattered Light

Abstract Time-dependent measurements of light propagation were conducted in aqueous dispersions of 523 nm diameter polystyrene at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.4 solids volume fraction in order to assess how particle correlation is influenced by depletion interactions arising from the addition of soluble polyethyleneoxide (PEO). In the absence of polymer, the transport scattering length can be predicted from Mie scattering theory and the Percus–Yevick (P-Y) model for static structure of a dense hard-sphere colloidal solution. Depletion forces arising from the addition of PEO of varying molecular weights influenced the spatial ordering of the dispersion and caused a further increase in the transport scattering length beyond that predicted by hard-sphere static structure factor but similar to that predicted by the mean sphere approximation (MSA) to the P-Y model described by Yeet al.(1996). Onset of flocculation occurred with increased PEO addition and correlated with PEO molecular weight. Phase separation was noted by no further change in the transport scattering length, except when flocculation was induced by the highest molecular weight PEO. The use of time-dependent measurements of light propagation in dense systems provides an alternative to small-angle light, neutron, and X-ray scattering characterization of interaction potentials in dense, multiply scattering samples and promises further fruitful investigation of colloidal particle interactions in suspensions.
Differential Growth in Body and Chela Size Following Molts to Form I and Form II in the Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus (Decapoda, Cambaridae)

The presence of two male morphs in crayfishes of the family Cambaridae is well established, but the selective value of this trait is unknown. Measurements of growth following molts to Form I and Form II were used to examine the hypothesis that alternating between the two molts may serve as an adaptation allowing animals to efficiently increase overall body size. The results revealed that the change in carapace length was significantly greater in animals molting to Form II, whereas changes in chela length and width were significantly greater in animals molting to Form I. These differences allow animals to maximally increase body length when molting to Form II and maximally increase chela size when molting to Form I. La presence de deux morphotypes chez les ecrevisses de la famille des cambarides est bien etablie, mais la valeur selective de ce trait est inconnue. Des mesures de croissance, suivant la mue de la Forme I a la Forme II ont ete utilisees pour examiner l'hypothese que l'alternance entre deux types de mues pourrait servir comme strategie adaptative permettant a l'animal d'accroitre efficacement sa taille generale. Les resultants revelent que les changements dans la longueur de la carapace ont ete significativement plus eleves chez les animaux qui muent en Forme II, alors que la longueur et largeur de la pince ont ete significativement plus elevees chez les animaux qui muent en Forme I. Ces differences permettent aux animaux de maximaliser l'accroissement de leur taille a la mue vers la Forme II, et celle de leur pince a la mue vers la Forme I.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Rabies Therapy

Virus-neutralising antibodies play a major role in immunological protection against rabies. A combination of anti-rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine has become the standard World Health Organization treatment for humans with severe exposure to rabies virus. Equine anti-rabies serum (ERIG) and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) are currently used for rabies post-exposure serotherapy. These products are either extremely expensive or their use is associated with adverse effects, as in the case of ERIG. Therefore, it is desirable to replace ERIG and HRIG by more cost effective and safer products.
Kierkegaard' Ethical Individualism

Moral theories may differ not only in the substantive moral principles they assert, but also in their concept of a person or moral agent. Thus, for ex ample, Utilitarianism stresses the ability of a human being to calculate rationally the profit and loss which attend particular actions; and Aristotle bases his Nichomachean Ethics on a moral psychology tied to the notion of harmonious self-development. This essay will focus on the concept of the person in Kierkegaard's ac count of ethical life. I will first indicate how what I describe as his extreme 'ethical individualism' follows from his overall philosophy of human ex istence (I, II). I will then present his account of the limitations of ethical life and the subsequent need to supplement ethics by religion (III). Finally, I will argue that Kierkegaard is wrong in believing that religious life can overcome the limitations of ethical individualism. What is needed, I will suggest, is a collective, rather than an individual, view of ethical life itself (IV).1
Guiding Biliteracy Development: Appropriating Cross-Linguistic and Conceptual Knowledge to Sustain Second-Language Reading Comprehension.

To examine the second-language reading development of 45 fourth-grade Latino bilinguals, a sequential mixed methods study was conducted in two phases (Creswell, 2009). The quantitative data collected in the first phase generated an index of the group's reading performance based on two grade-level assessments, a state-mandated standardized reading assessment and an informal reading inventory (IRI) of a grade-level passage written in English. The qualitative data collected in the second phase informed in depth about each bilingual's reading process and use of comprehension strategies. The findings indicated that while both reading performance scores paralleled the varying school-designated English-proficiency classification represented among the participants, the bilingual readers also shared similar reading strategies without distinction when they read difficult text. Guided reading that integrated explicit cross-linguistic and cross-cultural knowledge was found to mediate comprehension of the grade-level ...
Serotonin synthesis inhibition or receptor antagonism reduces pregnancy-induced nocturnal prolactin secretion.

During early pregnancy, two surges of prolactin (PRL) designated as nocturnal (N) and diurnal (D) are displayed by the rat. We previously reported the positive influence of serotonin (5-HT) in regulating the D surge. Its role in the N surge remained inconclusive due to the contradictory results obtained with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. This study further characterizes the involvement of 5-HT in regulating the N surge. The effectiveness of different doses of ketanserin (KET), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, to reduce plasma PRL levels during the surge was established. Sub-threshold (1 mg/kg BW) or just maximally effective (10 mg/kg BW) doses of KET were administered to rats that had been pre-treated with PCPA (250 mg/kg BW) for 24h. The lower dose of KET was ineffective in reducing the N surge even though less 5-HT was available due to PCPA treatment 24h earlier. The higher dose was effective in blocking the surge. Subsequently, the effect of one compared to two injections of PCPA 24 hours apart on plasma PRL levels and concentrations of 5-HT, dopamine (DA) and their respective metabolites 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the medial dorsal hypothalamus (MDH) was studied. Two injections of PCPA but not one abolished the N PRL surge. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly (p less than .005) reduced following either one or two injections of PCPA. Nevertheless, there was a greater (50 fold) decrease in 5-HIAA following 2 injections compared to one injection (10 fold), resulting in lower 5-HT turnover as indicated by lower 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. Levels of DA in the MBH were reduced significantly only following two injections of PCPA, suggesting that the lack of effect of PCPA after one injection on the N surge was not due to a decrease in DA.
Meeting the research needs of nurses in cancer care

Nursing research is a challenging area in which European nurses still have to develop expertise. The needs of cancer nurses were identified in the literature and classified according to the following three categories: • Why is research needed? • What is needed to understandhitiatdperform research? • What are the different levels of research awareness and competence required in the cancer-nursing field? Meeting the research needs of nurses in cancer care is a major concer. In terms of mangement, it implies setting up plans, programmes and projects, and implementing strategies. This suggests having the means available. Means are usually divided into three categories; manpower, material and money. Meeting the research needs of nurses in cancer care will be a challenge for the next few years. Nurses will have to acquire and increase the necessary means to implement their research programme and projects.
The effects of Tubulin denaturation on the characterization of its polymerization behavior.

We report here upon a simulation study examining the effect of a dynamic mode of tubulin denaturation upon the kinetic and thermodynamic characterisation of the polymer formed for two idealized models of a tubulin polymerization reaction: (i) an irreversibly polymerizing system; and (ii) a reversibly polymerizing system. The effects of each denaturation mode upon the two model systems behavior are highlighted by interpretation of the data in terms of the classical Oosawa reversible condensation polymerization model. We reveal here findings which suggest that the measurement strategy in concert with Tubulin's instability over the time course of the experiment may bias the results obtained so as to make an irreversible system's behavior conform to the equilibrium model or alternatively distort the results obtained from a truly reversible system to produce values of the critical concentration quite seriously in error. It was also found that Tubulin denaturation may seriously distort parameter estimates gained from a kinetic characterization of the system (e.g. nucleus size and growth rate constant).
Aging of the rotator cuff

The many years of challenge in treating athletes disabled by tendinitis stimulated a study of the aging of tendons. Autopsy specimens, representing tendons from 20- , 50- , and 70-year- old subjects, were obtained. Each specimen, consisting of a wedge of the greater tuberosity with the attached supraspinatus tendon, was examined roentgenographically to study the mor phologic features of the greater tuberosity and was decalcified and stained with Safranin O to evaluate the amount of fibro cartilage, with van Gieson to identify Sharpey's fibers, and with hematoxylin and eosin to determine cellularity, fiber integrity, and vascularity of the tendon. The comparisons related to chronological age documented a morphologic change of the greater tuberosity and progressive degeneration of all elements of the tendinous structures with progressive (1) osteitis of the greater tuberosity, cystic degeneration, and irregularity of the cortical margin; (2) degenerative sulcus between the greater tuberosity and the articul...
Alkali negative ions. III. Multichannel photodetachment study of Cs − and K −

A crossed ion-laser beam apparatus has been used to obtain ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross sections for photodetachment into the ground ($^{2}S$) and first excited state ($^{2}P$) of the neutral atom in the photon energy range near the threshold for production of $^{2}P$ neutrals. A total cross section is determined from the cross section for production of neutral atoms and the partial cross sections are obtained from the cross section for production of photoelectrons transmitted through a low-pass kinetic-energy filter. The filter characteristics are determined empirically and the discrimination between ground-and excited-state detachment channels is approximately 1000. It is apparent from the data that the detachment channels are strongly coupled in the threshold region, a result attributed to long-range forces between the detached electron and the neutral atom. The data are compared with a semiempirical multichannel photodetachment model developed by Lee; the model is quite successful in its prediction of the energy-dependent cross section for production of Cs $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{2}}$ from knowledge of the previously measured ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ total photodetachment cross section. We have produced an approximate fit to the ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ data with this model. The following electron affinities have been determined: for Cs, 0.4715(3) eV, and for K, 0.50147(10).
Medical Prevention of Barrett's Esophagus: Effects of Statins, Aspirin, Non-aspirin NSAIDs, Calcium, and Multivitamins.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. There is limited information regarding whether medications can reduce the risk of developing BE. We analyzed medical records at a large veterans hospital to determine the effects of statins, aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, calcium, or multivitamins on the risk of developing BE. In this retrospective case–control study, 250 patients with biopsy-confirmed Barrett’s esophagus were compared with 250 controls with acid-peptic symptoms but no endoscopic BE. Medication histories were reviewed for the use of the above substances prior to endoscopic evaluation. Logistic and linear regression was used to determine predictors of the outcomes. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly older in the Barrett’s population compared with controls (61.2 vs. 56.7 years, P < 0.001), with no difference in mean BMI (29.1 vs. 29.0, respectively). On multivariate analysis, independently significant factors for risk of BE were found with multivitamins (OR 0.41, P = 0.001), statins (OR 0.53, P = 0.003), age (OR 1.033/year, P = 0.001), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.38, P = 0.007). Furthermore, statin use was associated with less long-segment (3 cm or longer) BE and was inversely correlated with continuous BE length. GERD patients with BE are less likely to use multivitamins and statins, as well as less likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity. Additionally, statins were inversely associated with BE length. Prospective studies of this topic are indicated.
Degradation of p12 Subunit by CRL4Cdt2 E3 Ligase Inhibits Fork Progression after DNA Damage

After acute DNA damage, the cell arrests S-phase progression by inhibiting origin initiation and fork progression to repair damaged DNA. The intra-S-phase checkpoint kinase Chk1 phosphorylates Cdc25A to target the latter for degradation by CRL1(β-TrCP) and so inhibit origin firing. The mechanism for inhibiting fork progression, however, has not been identified. Here, we show that degradation of p12, the fourth subunit of DNA polymerase δ, is critical for inhibiting fork progression. CRL4(Cdt2) is an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates and degrades p12 after UV treatment. Cells expressing a stable form of p12 exhibit UV-resistant DNA synthesis. DNA fiber assay and alkaline-sucrose gradient assay demonstrate that the impairment of fork progression after DNA damage requires p12 degradation. These results suggest that ubiquitination of p12 through CRL4(Cdt2) and subsequent degradation form one mechanism by which a cell responds to DNA damage to inhibit fork progression.
Leader Emergence And Gender Roles in All-Female Groups A Contextual Examination

Research suggests that gender role, rather than sex, is associated with the perception of individuals as leaders. This study tests the effect of gender role and intelligence on leadership emergence by using a pattern approach and manipulating task type. Two hundred female undergraduate participants, categorized by their pattern of masculinity, femininity, and intelligence, were placed in groups of 4 members. Groups were randomly assigned to an initiating-structure or consensus-building task condition. In the initiating-structure task condition, both masculine-intelligent and androgynous-intelligent individuals emerged more than feminine-intelligent or mixed-pattern individuals. In the consensus-building task condition, feminine-intelligent individuals did not emerge as leaders more than masculine-intelligent or mixed-pattern individuals. However, partial support was found for the emergence of androgynous-intelligent individuals.