cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of somatic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context Many patients presenting for general medical care have a history of sexual abuse. The literature suggests an association between a history of sexual abuse and somatic sequelae. Objective To systematically assess the association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of somatic disorders. Data Sources and Extraction A systematic literature search of electronic databases from January 1980 to December 2008. Pairs of reviewers extracted descriptive, quality, and outcome data from included studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled across studies by using the random-effects model. The I 2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Study Selection Eligible studies were longitudinal (case-control and cohort) and reported somatic outcomes in persons with and without history of sexual abuse. Results The search identified 23 eligible studies describing 4640 subjects. There was a significant association between a history of sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36-4.31; I 2 = 82%; 5 studies), nonspecific chronic pain (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.54-3.15; 1 study), psychogenic seizures (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.12-4.69, I 2 = 0%; 3 studies), and chronic pelvic pain (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.73-4.30, I 2 = 40%; 10 studies). There was no statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of fibromyalgia (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.85-3.07, I 2 = 0%; 4 studies), obesity (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.88-2.46; I 2 = 71%; 2 studies), or headache (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.96-2.31; 1 study). We found no studies that assessed syncope. When analysis was restricted to studies in which sexual abuse was defined as rape, significant associations were observed between rape and a lifetime diagnosis of fibromyalgia (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.51-7.46), chronic pelvic pain (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.02-10.53), and functional gastrointestinal disorders (OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.88-8.57). Conclusion Evidence suggests a history of sexual abuse is associated with lifetime diagnosis of multiple somatic disorders.
Expression of endothelial cell angiogenesis receptors in human cerebrovascular malformations.

OBJECTIVE: To further understand the role of angiogenic growth factors in the development of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we investigated endothelial cell (EC) expression of receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin systems in patients with surgically resected lesions. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded sections of five AVMs, CCMs, and normal control brain tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to von Willebrand factor and CD31 (to characterize ECs) and angiogenesis growth factor receptors Flt-1 (VEGF-R1), Flk-1 (VEGF-R2), Tie-1, and Tie-2. We counted large and small vessels in each specimen, assessed each specimen's immunoexpression of each antigen, and analyzed differences between CCMs, AVMs, and the normal control brain tissue samples. RESULTS: The ECs of CCMs, AVMs, and normal control brain tissue samples expressed the von Willebrand factor uniformly, but the ECs of CCMs were largely negative for CD31 (P < 0.05). Flk-1, Flt-1, and Tie-2 were not expressed in the control brain tissue samples. The proportion of immunopositive vessels to VEGF receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1 was significantly greater in AVMs and CCMs than in the control brain tissue samples (P < 0.05). Tie-2 in AVMs and CCMs was expressed in a higher percentage of immunopositive vessels than in the control brain tissue samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Tie-1 was expressed in rare vessels of all lesion types and control brain tissue samples. CONCLUSION: ECs of CCMs do not seem to express CD31 to the same extent that AVMs and normal brain tissue do. AVMs and CCMs show greater expression of VEGF receptors, but not of angiopoietin receptors, than normal brain tissue does.
Investigating the effectiveness of computer simulations for chemistry learning

Are well-designed computer simulations an effective tool to support student understanding of complex concepts in chemistry when integrated into high school science classrooms? We investigated scaling up the use of a sequence of simulations of kinetic molecular theory and associated topics of diffusion, gas laws, and phase change, which we designed and experimentally tested. In the two effectiveness studies reported, one in a rural and the other in an urban context, chemistry teachers implemented two alternate versions of a curricular unit—an experimental version, incorporating simulations, and a control version, using text-based materials covering the same content. Participants were 718 high school students (357 rural and 361 urban), in a total of 25 classrooms. The implementation of the simulations was explored using criteria associated with fidelity of implementation (FOI). Each context provided insights into the role of FOI in affecting the effectiveness of the interventions when working with groups of teachers. Results supported the effectiveness of this sequence of simulations as a teaching tool in a classroom context, and confirmed the importance of FOI factors such as adherence and exposure in determining the specific environments in which these materials were most effective. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 394–419, 2012
Very low calorie ketogenic weight reduction diet in patients with cirrhosis: a case series

Weight reduction may be necessary in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) before liver transplantation. Although very low calorie diets (VLCDs) are a highly effective weight loss strategy, they risk inducing protein-calorie malnutrition, sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in ESLD patients. We report for the first time on the use of VCLDs in ESLD. Two severely obese individuals with ESLD underwent a modified VLCD to become eligible for liver transplantation. Patients consumed four protein supplements and one lean meal daily, equivalent to 800 kilocalories (kcal) and were closely monitored during the diet period. Subject 1, a 46-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis, lost 44.1 kg after 28 weeks on a modified VLCD. Liver function and MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) scores improved and he currently does not require listing for transplantation. Subject 2, a 64-year-old female with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, lost 39.7 kg after a 30-week modified VLCD. She is awaiting liver transplantation listing with a stable MELD score. VLCDs were well tolerated by both patients without adverse effects. In conclusion, under close medical supervision VLCDs in patients with ESLD can be safe and effective in reducing weight, facilitating liver transplantation listing, and possibly improving liver damage.
Bovine plasma amine oxidase interactions with concanavalin A in solution and with concanavalin A-Sepharose.

Abstract The reaction of bovine plasma amine oxidase, a glycoprotein, with Concanavalin A in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at 25°C were investigated by equilibrium and kinetic methods. A tentative mechanism for the reaction was derived. The Concanavalin A-enzyme interaction was used to show that the carbohydrate is not essential for activity and that the carbohydrate is covalently attached to the protein at a site distant from the active site. Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography of the enzyme was found to be useful for obtaining the pure enzyme. Chromatographic conditions which elute the enzyme are reported. The superiority of the Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B over that of the substrate-affinity Sepharose affinity support is discussed. The phenylhydrazone derivative of the enzyme, which was inactive, was shown to bind to the concanavalin A-Sepharose column.
Differentiation of isomeric C3H4+·· ions and T → V energy partitioning in surface-induced dissociation

Inelastic collisions of allene and propyne molecular ions at a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface allow unambiguous differentiation of these isomers over a wide range of collision energies. Surface-induced dissociation (SID) spectra, examined at collision energies ranging from 10 eV to 100 eV, are similar only in the low collision energy region, where the experimental results suggest that isomerization between allene and propyne molecular ions proceeds more rapidly than dissociation of the CH bond(s). These results also suggest that isomerization proceeds via a common intermediate. As the collision energy is increased, more internal energy is deposited in the projectile, and the CH3+CH2+· ratios for the isomers begin to diverge owing to successful competition of direct skeletal CC bond cleavage with isomerization of the projectile ions. However, at no collision energy are the products of CH bond cleavage observed to compete successfully with isomerization. Isomeric differentiation can be achieved readily from two plots: the CH3+CH2+· abundance ratio versus collision energy and a plot of the ratio of this abundance ratio, i.e. CH3+CH2+· for propyne/CH3+/CH2+· for allene, versus collision energy. For each plot, an optimum collision energy range is identified for differentiation of the isomers by SID. The total SID signal is also measured over the entire collision energy range from 10 to 150 eV: it rises rapidly from a threshold value of 10 eV to a maximum of > 90% of the total scattered ion current at 35 eV and then slowly falls at higher energy due to competition from chemical sputtering. Besides SID, elastic scattering and chemical sputtering, products of ion/surface reactions, such as CH2F+, are also observed. All observations are in good agreement with previous thermochemical studies on C3H4+·. They also agree with earlier results for T → V conversion for F-SAM surfaces for other ions in showing that, on average, for laboratory collision energies up to 40 eV, 20% of this energy is converted to internal energy in the collision.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vaginal and uterine adenocarcinomas following estrogen use

Abstract Estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors in three clear cell adenocarcinomas following maternal DES administration during pregnancy were low. In contrast receptor levels were high in two endometrial adenocarcinomas in castrated women on long-term exogenous estrogens. These results suggest that estrogens may not stimulate growth of clear cell adenocarcinomas following maternal DES administration, while endometrial adenocarcinomas following prolonged estrogen treatment are likely to be hormone responsive.
Spiked natural matrix materials as quality assessment samples

Abstract The Environmental Measurements Laboratory has conducted the Quality Assessment Program (QAP) since 1976 to evaluate the quality of the environmental radioactivity data, which is reported to the Department of Energy by as many as 42 commercial contractors involved in nuclear work. In this program, matrix materials of known radionuclide concentrations are distributed routinely to the contractors and the reported results are compared. The five matrices used are: soil, vegetation, animal tissue, water and filter paper. Environmental soil, vegetation and animal tissue are used, but the water and filter paper samples are prepared by spiking with known amounts of standard solutions traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. A summary of results is given to illustrate the successful opertion of the program. Because of the difficulty and high cost of collecting large samples of natural matrix material and to increase the versatility of QAP, an attempt was recently made to prepare the soil, vegetation and animal tissue samples with spiked solutions. A description of the preparation of these reference samples and the results of analyses are presented along with a discussion of the pitfalls and advantages of this approach.
Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using Yttrium-90 microspheres: a comprehensive report of long-term outcomes.

Background & Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited treatment options; long-term outcomes following intra-arterial radiation are unknown. We assessed clinical outcomes of patients treated with intra-arterial yttrium-90 microspheres (Y90). Methods Patients with HCC (n = 291) were treated with Y90 as part of a single-center, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Toxicities were recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria version 3.0. Response rate and time to progression (TTP) were determined using World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines. Survival by stage was assessed. Univariate/multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 526 treatments were administered (mean, 1.8; range, 1–5). Toxicities included fatigue (57%), pain (23%), and nausea/vomiting (20%); 19% exhibited grade 3/4 bilirubin toxicity. The 30-day mortality rate was 3%. Response rates were 42% and 57% based on WHO and EASL criteria, respectively. The overall TTP was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval, 6–10.3). Survival times differed between patients with Child–Pugh A and B disease (A, 17.2 months; B, 7.7 months; P = .002). Patients with Child–Pugh B disease who had portal vein thrombosis (PVT) survived 5.6 months (95% confidence interval, 4.5–6.7). Baseline age; sex; performance status; presence of portal hypertension; tumor distribution; levels of bilirubin, albumin, and α-fetoprotein; and WHO/EASL response rate predicted survival. Conclusions Patients with Child–Pugh A disease, with or without PVT, benefited most from treatment. Patients with Child–Pugh B disease who had PVT had poor outcomes. TTP and overall survival varied by patient stage at baseline. These data can be used to design future Y90 trials and to describe Y90 as a potential treatment option for patients with HCC.
Stabilization of Dendritic Arbor Structure in Vivo by CaMKII

Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) promotes the maturation of retinotectal glutamatergic synapses in Xenopus. Whether CaMKII activity also controls morphological maturation of optic tectal neurons was tested using in vivo time-lapse imaging of single neurons over periods of up to 5 days. Dendritic arbor elaboration slows with maturation, in correlation with the onset of CaMKII expression. Elevating CaMKII activity in young neurons by viral expression of constitutively active CaMKII slowed dendritic growth to a rate comparable to that of mature neurons. CaMKII overexpression stabilized dendritic structure in more mature neurons, whereas CaMKII inhibition increased their dendritic growth. Thus, endogenous CaMKII activity limits dendritic growth and stabilizes dendrites, and it may act as an activity-dependent mediator of neuronal maturation.
Grain size evidence for variations in delivery of terrigenous sediments to a Middle Pleistocene interrupted sapropel from ODP Site 969, Mediterranean Ridge

Grain size distributions of the <63-μm terrigenous fraction of closely spaced sediment samples were measured across an interrupted sapropel sequence at ODP Site 969 on the Mediterranean Ridge to explore possible climate-related changes in delivery of wind-borne particles. Size distribution patterns are generally typical of hemipelagic sediment with a subordinate amount of eolian material. However, the eolian fraction increases in the sapropel layers, which contrasts with findings from elsewhere in the Mediterranean but is consistent with other work at this location.
The asleep-awake-asleep anesthetic technique for intraoperative language mapping

Objective We evaluated a combined technique designed for procedures requiring intraoperative language mapping. We planned to induce general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and hyperventilation and then to awaken and extubate the patient for speech testing. After the latter, endotracheal reintubation and general anesthesia were planned. Methods With the patient under intravenously induced sedation, we topically anesthetized the airway with lidocaine that was delivered through a spraying catheter. Fiberoptic endotracheal intubation was then performed on the awake patient, using a modified endotracheal tube. General anesthesia with intravenous propofol or sodium thiopental was induced, the patient's head was attached to a Mayfield holder, and the pin and operative sites were infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine. In anticipation of speech mapping, general anesthesia was discontinued and lidocaine was injected into the catheter that was spirally attached to the endotracheal tube. After speech mapping, the awake patients were endotracheally intubated, guided with the fiberoptic laryngoscope or tube changer, and general anesthesia was induced and maintained until termination of the surgery. Results We did not observe any complications, such as coughing or head movements, during the preparation for general anesthesia, awakening and endotracheal extubation for speech mapping, and post-testing reintubation or induction of general anesthesia. Conclusion The combined technique that we describe abolished the potential discomfort of surgical stimulation on a sedated patient, reduced the duration of wakefulness, and provided a secure airway and the means to hyperventilate our patients before dural opening.
Rapid detection of foodborne contaminants using an Array Biosensor

Abstract Foodborne contaminants come in a variety of sizes ranging from simple chemical compounds to entire bacterial cells. Due to public health concerns, there is a current need in the food industry for a sensitive, specific and rapid method to monitor for the presence of these toxic species, either as a result of natural or deliberate contamination. The Array Biosensor developed at the NRL encompasses these qualities, including the ability to measure multiple analytes simultaneously on a single substrate. In this study, we demonstrate the Array Biosensor's ability to measure both large pathogens, such as the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), and small toxins, including the mycotoxins ochratoxin A, fumonisin B, aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol. Sandwich immunoassays were used to measure C. jejuni in buffer and a number of food matrices, while competitive immunoassays, taking only 15 min, were developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins. The combination of sandwich and competitive immunoassay formats on a single substrate was demonstrated, allowing the simultaneous detection of both large (C. jejuni) and small (aflatoxin B1) food contaminants.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSGRESSION AND LOCUS OF CONTROL IN MILITARY DEPENDENT CHILDREN

Summary.-lt was hypothesized that externally controlled children (as defined operationally by scores on the Bialer-Cromwell Children's Locus of Control Scale) would exhibit a higher frequency of transgression than internally controlled children. Ss were a random selection of 60 fourth and fifth grade boys and 60 first and second grade boys randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) punishment at initiation, (b) punishment at completion, (c) control. As the child reached for the attractive member of a pair of toys, he was verbally admonished (punishmenc). Having been conditioned with punishment for nine trials, the child was left alone on Trial 10, to determine if he would transgress (move the preferred toy). The hypothesis was nor confirmed. Children who transgressed were significantly higher in internality than those who did not. Analysis of variance shou-ed no statistically significant differences. Data was examined in terms of the military situation, individual differences, and item analysis of the locus of control scale.
Evolving out of violence: an application of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change.

Ending violent relationships can be a difficult and lengthy process. Women use a variety of coping activities, with change generally proceeding in a non-linear direction. Nurses may not recognize this behavior pattern and may expect more from a woman experiencing violence than she is currently able or willing to achieve, thereby hampering change. Studying behavioral patterns of change by women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) was explored through the stages and processes of change conceptually defined within the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Using a Delphi technique, the TTM was tested with four White, professional women reporting past IPV. Original stages and processes of change were reviewed and modified to fit the woman's experience. Research findings supported the TTM as a useful guide to alert health care professionals of the readiness level of women experiencing IPV and determine effective interventions. Language: en
Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Kindergarten: Factors Shaping Teacher Beliefs and Practice

Abstract What teachers believe and the practices in which they engage are often not consistent, as they face accountability demands and a return to more structured approaches. Data were collected from 34 kindergarten teachers on their beliefs about instructional practice and the forces that shape the education. Findings indicated that regardless of teachers' instructional approaches, teachers perceived that kindergarten was becoming more academic in nature. Teachers who endorsed a more child-centered perspective noted that they felt more pressure from 1st-grade teachers than did teachers who were classified as teacher-directed. Despite these general trends, about half of the teachers did not feel pressure from teachers in the next grade level. Also, teachers who were classified as child-centered believed that they had control over the curriculum, whereas teacher-directed teachers stated that they followed district policies and procedures. Regarding perceptions of teacher-directed instruction, teachers who...
Partitioning behavior of indocarbocyanine probes between coexisting gel and fluid phases in model membranes

Gel-fluid partition coefficients, Kp, were measured for a series of indocarbocyanine dyes in multilamellar lipid vesicles. The dyes examined had alkyl chain lengths from 12 to 22 carbons. Fluorescence quenching by a spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine-enriched fluid phase created a large difference in quantum yield for indocarbocyanine fluorescence between fluid and gel phases, enabling reliable Kp determinations. The values range from Kp = 8 for the 12-carbon chain, favoring a fluid phase over a Ca2phosphatidylserine rigid phase, to Kp = 0.02 for the 20-carbon chain dye, favoring a distearoylphosphatidylcholine-rich gel phase over the fluid phase.
Shape-enhanced ammonia electro-oxidation property of a cubic platinum nanocrystal catalyst prepared by surfactant-free synthesis

Carbon-supported cubic platinum nanocrystals (PtNC/C) with clean surfaces have been prepared using a facile, scalable, and surfactant-free method, in which impregnated Pt precursors on a C support are reduced in a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The influence of synthesis parameters on the morphology of final products is investigated. The cubic Pt/C is studied for the catalytic property in electro-oxidation of ammonia. It exhibits a significant shape effect, with much improved activity and better durability compared to commercial Pt/C and Pt particles with other morphologies. The observed shape dependency of electrocatalytic property is attributed to changes in electronic/geometric structures and varying coverage of Nad, a poisoning species, on different Pt surfaces.
Reciprocal beating of the atria

Abstract A probable case of reciprocal beating of the atria in a patient with prolonged A-V conduction and 2:1 A-V heart block is reported. The difficulties in making this diagnosis are discussed.
Ordering and phase separation of adsorbed binary mixtures

Abstract The ground state energy is calculated for mixtures adsorbed on graphite and Ag surfaces. The graphite case considers noble gases adsorbed in a commensurate array, while for Ag the substrate is ignored except for its mediation of the interatomic interaction. The balance between alternative possible structures is sensitive to the assumed interaction, for which realistic potential models are employed. Comparison is made with predictions based on simple combining rules. The cases of Ar mixtures with N 2 or CO on graphite are treated, including both herringbone and pinwheel structures for the N 2 . Finite temperature behavior is described qualitatively.
Biochemical Study on the Nonprotein Trypsin and Chymotrypsin Inhibitors in the Soybean

The chemical properties of nonprotein trypsin inhibitor (NPTI) and nonprotein chymotrypsin inhibitor (NPCTI) in the soybean were studied. NPTI was extracted with 50% methanol and treated with TCA to a final concentration of 16% (W/V). Two dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to make a peptide map of the methanol extract; 14 spots were observed. To distinguish the active peptides, the sample was mixed with trypsin or chymotrypsin; some peptides disappeared which formed complexes with the enzyme. The relative rate of inhibition indicated that inhibition was stoichiometric for trypsin and chymotrypsin. Dissociation constants of complexes (enzyme and inhibitor) showed that inhibition of chymotrypsin and trypsin were competitive and uncompetitive, respectively.
Investigation of scramjet injection strategies for high Mach number flows

A method for estimating the axial distribution of thrust performance potential in a supersonic combustor is described. A complementary technique for illustrating the spatial evolution and distribution of thrust potential and loss mechanisms in reacting flows is developed. A wall jet case and swept ramp injector case for Mach 17 and Mach 13.5 flight enthalpy inflow conditions, respectively, are numerically modeled and analyzed using these techniques.
Well-conditioned Orthonormal Hierarchical $\mathcal{L}_{2}$ Bases on R n Simplicial Elements

We construct well-conditioned orthonormal hierarchical bases for simplicial $\mathcal{L}_{2}$ finite elements. The construction is made possible via classical orthogonal polynomials of several variables. The basis functions are orthonormal over the reference simplicial elements in two and three dimensions. The mass matrices M are identity while the conditioning of the stiffness matrices S grows as $\mathcal{O}(p^{3})$ with respect to the order p. The diagonally normalized stiffness matrices are well conditioned. The diagonally normalized composite matrices ?M+S are also well conditioned for a wide range of ?. For the mass, stiffness and composite matrices, the bases in this study have much better conditioning than existing high-order hierarchical bases.
Imaging F-actin in fixed glial cells with a combined optical fluorescence/atomic force microscope

A prototype combined optical fluorescence/atomic force microscope (OFAFM) designed for use in neurobiology and related disciplines has been constructed and used to study filamentous actin (F-actin) and other cellular structures in fixed Xenopus retinal glial cells (XR1 glial cell line). F-actin was readily observed by both fluorescence and AFM. AFM images of nuclei and other cellular structures were also obtained. The OFAFM consists of an AFM with an interferometer detection mechanism mounted on an inverted optical microscope. Integration of optical and scanned probe imaging methods provides a unique and useful approach to studying glial (and other) cell structure and function.
Toughness variation with test temperature and

A two phase heavy alloy composite based on 95 W-3.5 Ni-1.5 Fe (wt pct) was fabricated from elemental powders by liquid phase sintering. Past reports on the heavy alloys indicate considerable disagreement concerning cooling rate effects on toughness. The present experiments determined the effect of both cooling rate and test temperature on the properties of the 95 W heavy alloy. This alloy undergoes a ductile to brittle transition with decreasing test temperature; the transition temperature is close to room temperature. The cooling rate from post-sintering anneals carried out at temperatures greater than 1000 °C has a large influence on toughness; rapid quenching gives superior toughness. These findings support an impurity segregation explanation for embrittlement in the heavy alloys.
Growth in controlled water regimes of three grasses common in freshwater wetlands of the southeastern USA

Abstract Growth and drought tolerances of three common freshwater wetland grasses, Panicum hemitomon Schult., Manisuris rugosa (Nutt.) Kuntze, and Leersia hexandra Sw., were compared in experimental manipulations. Additionally, the effect of fire on the growth of P. hemitomon was examined. Rhizomes of these three perennial species were grown in small plastic pools under the following water treatments: (1) moist soil; (2) saturated soil (0 cm water depth); (3) inundated (13 cm water depth all year); (4) inundated-moist (13 cm water depth part of the year, followed by moist soil). Inundated plants of all species grew twice as tall as those in the moist soil treatment. This difference was interpreted as an elongation response to partial submergence. Under inundated conditions, stem elongation in M. rugosa was the same regardless of the water duration or depth. In P. hemitomon , stem heights varied with duration and depth of flooding: inundated > inundated-moist > saturated. For L. hexandra , mean stem height did not differ between inundated-moist and saturated water regimes. Mean above-ground to below-ground biomass ratio for L. hexandra was greater than that of either P. hemitomon or M. rugosa regardless of treatment. Panicum hemitomon produced no flowering stems under any of the treatments. For M. rugosa and L. hexandra , most flowering stems were produced under the inundated or saturated treatments. Winter fire, followed by the inundated or inundated-moist treatments, had a negative effect on emergence and overall growth of P. hemitomon , suggesting that winter stems are important for survival of this species. Relative drought tolerances, as measured by stomatal conductance and predawn xylem pressure potential, indicated least stomatal control by L. hexandra , followed by P. hemitomon and M. rugosa . Results suggest greater drought tolerance by M. rugosa and greater flood tolerance by P. hemitomon and L. hexandra .
Therapy implementation problem in a residence for delinquents

Abstract A description of a residential for delinquent adolescent females and of the problems encountered in plementing an individualized therapeutic program are reported. The diagnostic aspects of the Jesness Interpersonal Integration Program (JP) are in place but the appropriate treatments are implemented selectively. Staff members are selected and trained for styles of interaction that are more suited to the lower l-levels of the Jesness Inventory (JI); traditional therapeutic techniques as recomended for the upper l-level, are seen as incompatible with the facility's task of promoting change. Program structure is also more suited to the lower l-level residents. Solution considered are: Education of management and line staff to produce attitude change and a working knowledge of the JP, changes in staff selection and training practices, and modifications of the program structure that would allow a more optimal learning environment for the upper l-level residents.
Nucleation kinetics in some silicate glass-forming melts

Nucleation phenomena in several congruently melting silicate glasses were studied previously. Classical nucleation theory was found to provide a good description of the results in some silicate melts and not in others. In this study, crystal nucleation in several silicate melts has been re-investigated. The kinetics of nucleation were determined trom the measured number of crystals as a function of time, evaluated from the optical microscopy of the thin sections, for crystals formed internal to the samples. The crystalline phases produced in such volume crystallization were identified by x-ray diffraction. The results obtained are compared with previous reports of nucleation kinetics in the materials, and with predictions of classical nucleation theory.
Fetal elevation: A new technique for placental localization in the diagnosis of previa

The diagnosis of previa is made with ultrasound when the placenta is seen to cover the internal os. The technique of fetal elevation is a simple procedure that facilitates visualization of the internal os and its relation to the placenta. The safety of this technique is demonstrated in a large series of patients.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CEPHALEUROS VIRESCENS (CHROOLEPIDACEAE; CHLOROPHYTA). I. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ZOOSPORANGIA

A B S T RA C T Scanning electron microscopic examination of Cephaleuros virescens growing on leaves of Magnolia grandiflora has provided detailed observations which parallel, extend, and, in general, confirm previous light microscopic studies. The present study has revealed that in the ontogeny of terminal zoosporangia, apical zones form in the surface of an enlarged pyriform cell ancl that these zones, in some cases, are surrounded by a circumferential ridge, an external indica tion of an internal septum. A similar circumferential ridge is seen at the base of developing terminal zoosporangia. Contrary to some published accounts, the abscission of terminal sporangia does not commence with tearing of the pedicel-sporangium septal wall, but rather with an internal separation of the septum which is followed by a circumscissile t:earing of the septal wall. The completion of abscission entails the emergence of a septal protuberance from the pedicel and/or the terminal sporangium in a process reminiscent of filament fragmentation in zygnematacean algae containing "replicate end walls." Zoospore exit pores form in a lateral position on the terminal sporangia and are not coincident with the septal protuberances as has been reported in some recent accounts. Although both biflagellate and quadriflagellate zoospores have been seen in the light microscope, only the former have been observed with SEM. The SEM observations recorded in this study have provided a basis for comparison not only with light microscopic data, but also with transmission electron microscopic data which are now being recorded. Observations reported will be useful for interspecific and intergeneric comparisons.
Combustion Synthesis of Non-Agglomerated Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanopowders in Uniform Electric Fields

This paper presents some results on Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles produced using an axisymmetric stagnation-point premixed flat flame from corresponding organometallic vapor precursors. In our setup, along with the thermophoretic effect, the major mechanism that controls the rate of particle deposition on the substrate is the electrophoretic effect, which originates due to the response of nanoparticles, charged by the combustion process through thermionic emission, in a uniform electric field. The effect of electrical field strength and direction on aggregate size, crystallinity, primary particle size, and surface area, were examined using DLS, XRD, TEM, and multi point BET nitrogen adsorption, respectively. Additionally, the Sandia Spin code was used to calculate the gas-phase flame structure. The temperature/residence time history that the particles experience in the flame under different electrical fields and pressures has been estimated.
Complex virial theorem and complex scaling

We present the simple generalization to complex energies of the normal global real scaling used for bound-state calculations to produce a variational energy which satisfies the virial theorem. We show that in two limiting cases, one or the other of which is almost always satisfied in all calculations, the virially stabilized complex energy is sensitive to only the real part or the imaginary part of the complex virial expression. We then compute the virial expression for a number of wave functions for the $1s2{s}^{2}^{2}S {\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $1s2s2p^{2}P^{o} {\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}\mathrm{kp}^{2}P^{o} {\mathrm{Be}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances and the corresponding virially stabilized resonance energies. In all calculations one of the limiting cases was applicable.
A comparison of dantrolene sodium and diazepam in the treatment of spasticity.

This is a report on the effect of Dantrolene Sodium which the authors have examined on 62 patients in comparison with Diazepam. They found that Dantrolene Sodium is more efficient than Diazepam in the treatment of patients with spasticity. In some cases the combination of the two drugs was found to be more effective than either drug alone. However, in 16 patients the study could not be completed because of drug-intolerance reactions.
Modulation of the recognition and lysis of el4 tumor target cells by cytotoxic t lymphocytes.

When the EL4 targets were harvested from the peritoneal cavity (in vivo), they had less than half as much cell-surface sialic acid as EL4 cells harvested from tissue culture (in vitro), apparently due to the presence of a neuraminidase activity in the peritoneal cavity. Both the recognition and the lysis of either EL4 in vivo or EL4 in vitro target cells by allogeneically primed cytotoxic T lymphocytes were enhanced upon removal of cell-surface sialic acid by neuraminidase treatment. However, even after neuraminidase treatment, there still remained a difference in the lytic profile when using EL4 targets that were harvested in vivo versus in vitro. Both conjugate formation between the target and the T cells and anti-H-2Db adsorption by the target cells were unaffected by the culture conditions of the target line. However, antibody-induced capping and exocytosis of vesicles differed between the differently cultured target cells, suggesting that there was a membrane organizational difference between them that was detected by the cytotoxic T cells. These data are consistent with the idea that cell surface sialic acid as well as the membrane organization can influence T-cell recognition and lysis of target cells.
Electron Spin–Nuclear Spin Cross-Correlation Effects on Multiplet Splittings in Paramagnetic Proteins

Abstract The effects of cross-correlation between Curie spin–nuclear dipole and nuclear dipole–nuclear dipole interactions on the linewidths and resonance frequencies of the individual lines of an AX multiplet in paramagnetic systems have been calculated. The implication of the relaxation-induced frequency shift of the lines (dynamic frequency shift) for the accurate measurement of residual dipolar couplings in field-oriented systems has been discussed. Our simulations indicate that these effects may play a role in the precise measurement of residual dipolar couplings in systems which belong to the small and intermediate tumbling regime, i.e., correlation times less than 5 ns.
Radical prostatectomy: Does surgical technique influence margin control?

The goal of radical prostatectomy (RP) is complete removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles with negative surgical margins. Regardless of approach, the occurrence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) remains a risk associated with RP. In addition, PSMs can adversely affect biochemical and cause-specific survival. With the advent of PSA screening and introduction of new RP approaches, surgical technique has become increasingly debated in relationship to margin positivity. The issue, however, is controversial, as underlying clinical and pathologic characteristics of prostate cancer also influence margin control. This article evaluates the impact of surgical technique on margin control during RP. In addition, we evaluate the influence that stage migration, the individual surgeon, new technologic adjuncts, and specimen handling have had on margin control.
Sequential onset of presynaptic molecules during olfactory sensory neuron maturation

Differentiated olfactory sensory neurons express specific presynaptic proteins, including enzymes involved in neurotransmitter transport and proteins involved in the trafficking and release of synaptic vesicles. Studying the regulation of these presynaptic proteins will help to elucidate the presynaptic differentiation process that ultimately leads to synapse formation. It has been postulated that the formation of a synapse between the axons of the sensory neurons and the dendrites of second order neurons in the olfactory bulb is a critical step in the processes of sensory neuron maturation. One approach to study the relationship between synaptogenesis and sensory neuron maturation is to examine the expression patterns of synaptic molecules through the olfactory neuron lineage. To this end we designed specific in situ hybridization probes to target messengers for proteins involved in presynaptic vesicle release. Our findings show that, as they mature, mouse olfactory neurons sequentially express specific presynaptic genes. Furthermore, the different patterns of expression of these presynaptic genes suggest the existence of discrete steps in presynaptic development: genes encoding proteins involved in scaffolding show an early onset of expression, whereas expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the regulation of vesicle release starts later. In particular, the signature molecule for glutamatergic neurons vesicle glutamate transporter 2 shows the latest onset of expression. In addition, contact with the targets in the olfactory bulb is not controlling presynaptic protein gene expression, suggesting that olfactory sensory neurons follow an intrinsic program of development.
Asymptotic expansions of some matrix argument hypergeometric functions, with applications to macromolecules

We have studied the asymptotics of two special two-matrix hypergeometric functions. The validity of the asymptotic expressions for these functions is seen in several selected numerical comparisons between the exact and asymptotic results. These hypergeometric functions find applications in configuration statistics of macromolecules as well as multivariate statistics.
Amphetamine-Like Analogues in Diabetes: Speeding towards Ketogenesis

Obesity is common in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Amphetamine-like analogues comprise the most popular class of weight loss medications. We present a case of a 34-year-old African American female with a history of type 1 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity who developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after starting Diethylpropion for the purpose of weight loss. Shortly after starting Diethylpropion, she developed nausea, vomiting, and periumbilical pain. Blood work revealed glucose of 718 mg/dL, pH 7.32 (7.35–7.45), bicarbonate 16 mmol/L (22–29 mmol/L), and anion gap 19 mmol/L (8–16 mmol/L). Urine analysis demonstrated large amount of ketones. She was hospitalized and successfully treated for DKA. Diethylpropion was discontinued. Amphetamine-like analogues administration leads to norepinephrine release from the lateral hypothalamus which results in the appetite suppression. Peripheral norepinephrine concentration rises as well. Norepinephrine stimulates adipocyte lipolysis and thereby increases nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) availability. It promotes β-oxidation of NEFA to ketone bodies while decreasing metabolic clearance rate of ketones. In the setting of acute insulin deficiency these effects are augmented. Females are more sensitive to norepinephrine effects compared to males. In conclusion, amphetamine-like analogues lead to a release of norepinephrine which can result in a clinically significant ketosis, especially in the setting of insulin deficiency.
Global Feminisms: Theory and Ethics for Studying Gendered Injustice*

Global justice needs a form of feminism that holds in relation various strands of feminism. Others have selected from feminisms around the globe a version of feminism to name and criticize as “global.” In this essay we identify within feminist struggle for justice around the world global feminisms that take those ideas that others may hold in critical tension—tension which suggests dichotomous interpretations of injustice or opposites on the static scales of justice (such as concerns with recognition versus redistribution)—and hold them instead in dynamic relationship. Global feminists hold in relation the academic post-modern feminists' concern with “hegemonic meta-narratives” and the women's rights activists' attempts to get global recognition of the violations of women's rights. Global feminists are concerned about the ways in which research is done and the uses to which it is put. Global feminists hold in relation the idea that contexts matter and the idea that the most powerful forces of injustice ar...
Writing Political Theory: Lessons from an Apprenticeship

In 2003–2004 I served as the assistant editor of Political Theory . During my term I reviewed hundreds of manuscripts, read scores of outside reviews, and communicated regularly with Stephen White (the editor) about the criteria of a successful manuscript and the direction of the discipline. To aid graduate students looking to publish, as well as others, I offer several principles to facilitate writing and submitting a political theory essay. Nicholas Tampio defended his dissertation on The Kantian Problematic in Contemporary Political Theory at Johns Hopkins University in September 2004. For comments on earlier drafts, I thank James Morone, Patricia Nordeen, Jesse Tampio, and Stephen White.
A looser cointegration concept using fractional integration parameters and quantification of market responsiveness

Abstract Many economic variables are fractionally integrated of order d, FI (d) with unequal d's. For modeling their long-run equilibria, we explain why the usual cointegration fails to exist and the unit root type tests have low power. Hence, we propose a looser concept called “tie integration”. A new numerical minimization problem reveals the value of d in the absence of tie integration, denoted by dnull. We use the d from residuals of a regression, as well as, dnull to devise a new index called strength of tie (SOT). An application quantifies market responsiveness.
Quasi-varieties of lattice ordered groups

Whereas there is a maximal proper variety ℜ of lattice-ordered groups, it is known that there is no maximal proper quasi-variety of lattice-ordered groups. We prove that there are 2ℵo (the maximal possible) pairwise incomparable quasi-varieties of lattice-ordered groups containing ℜ. Some of the distributive laws of the semigroup lattice of quasi-varieties are examined and their truth (or falsity) is established. It is also shown here that the latticeL of alll-group varieties is a sublattice of the latticeQ of quasi-varieties ofl-groups but fails to be a complete sublattice.
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs; report of a case with unusual features.

1)A case of idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with autopsy findings is presented. 2)This case is unusual in that the duration of the disease from the onset of pulmonary symptoms was 36 months. The greatest duration previously reported was 15 months. 3)There was marked muscular and subcutaneous atrophy and contracture deformities of the hands. This finding has not been previously reported in this disease.
Effects of Basis Set Choice upon the Atomization Energy of the Second-Row Compounds SO2, CCl, and ClO2 for B3LYP and B3PW91

The atomization energies of the species SO2, ClO2, and CCl have been calculated using the hybrid density functional approaches B3LYP and B3PW91. These functionals have been used in combination with the correlation-consistent basis sets cc-pVxZ and aug-cc-pVxZ (where x = D(2), T(3), Q(4), or 5). The impact of the newly revised correlation-consistent basis sets for second-row atoms (cc-pV(x+d)Z, aug-cc-pV(x+d)Z) upon the description of these systems has been assessed. Smooth convergence toward the Kohn−Sham limit is observed. The impact of the tight d function is particularly significant in the description of atomization energies for ClO2 and SO2 at the double-ζ and triple-ζ levels of basis sets, improving the energies by 13−17 and 9−10 kcal/mol, respectively.