cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Products of linear recurring sequences

Abstract Let L ( f ) denote the space of all sequences of elements of a field F generated by the linear recurrence corresponding to the polynomial f over F . It is well known that if f 1 , f 2 ,…, f m are polynomials over F none of which has multiple roots, then L ( f 1 ) L ( f 2 ) … L ( f m ) = L ( h ), where h is a polynomial whose roots are the distinct products a 1 a 2 … a m , a i a root of f i . Here we find such an h in the general case.
Prognosis after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction not accompanied by typical ischemic chest pain

PURPOSE : Although ischemic-type chest pain generally identifies acute myocardial infarction (AMI), some patients are hospitalized for AMI without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after AMI presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical chest pain as well as other recognized risk predictors in patients hospitalized with AMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS : Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. Pain status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. Patients were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chisquare methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS : Of 2,464 patients enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented AMI, 115 patients lacked typical ischemic-type chest pain on presentation (the nonpainful group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful patients and 10% for 2,349 patients with typical pain (the painful group), P <0.001. Similar increments were seen in total deaths (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P <0.001) and cardiac events, namely, cardiac death or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late congestive heart failure was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P <0.001), but unstable angina was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful patients had more left ventricular dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. However, nonpainful AMI predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater cardiac death risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant diabetes mellitus, and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS : Patients hospitalized with nonpainful AMI are much more likely to experience late cardiac death or congestive heart failure than are patients with painful AMI. In part, this probably reflects more ventricular damage with alternative warning symptoms such as dyspnea. However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning pain also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.
Flavor, Body, and Texture of Purchased Vanilla Ice Cream Samples

Abstract Samples of vanilla ice cream were purchased in Pennsylvania for use in dairy product evaluation courses and for training judging teams. In recent years written comments on flavor, body, and texture were sent to manufacturers on form letters along with suggestions for product improvement. These ice cream samples were evaluated by a trained dairy products judging panel of three or more persons. Samples of acceptable to good flavor were between 71 and 73% for two 2-yr periods. Between 27 and 29% of the ice cream samples were rated unacceptable. Body and texture evaluated from acceptable to good varied from 80 to 84%. Poor body and texture varied from 16 to 20%. Most criticisms related to dairy ingredients, mix composition, and freezing rather than to improper handling during distribution.
InP/InGaAs HBTs with n+-InP contacting layers grown by MOMBE using SiBr4

InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with low resistance, nonalloyed TiPtAu contacts on n/sup +/-InP emitter and collector contacting layers have been demonstrated with excellent DC characteristics. A specific contact resistance of 5.42*10/sup -8/ Omega .cm/sup 2/, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest reported for TiPtAu on n-InP, has been measured on InP doped n=6.0*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ using SiBr/sub 4/. This low contact resistance makes TiPtAu contacts on n-InP viable for InP/InGaAs HBTs.
Skin cancer meets vitamin D: the way forward for dermatology and public health.

VitaminDisanessentialvitaminthat, inrecent years, has become increasingly important to the dermatology community because ofnew evidence of its effects on health and disease and becauseof the role of ultraviolet B(UVB) radiation in its synthesis in the skin as well as in cutaneous carcinogenesis. 1 Hence, by promoting protection of the skin against UVB for cancer prevention, we may risk increasing rates or severity of other diseases. Dermatologists shouldconsiderdiscussingvitaminD with their patients when UVB exposure issues are addressed.
Stochastic models of lunar rocks and regolith. Part I. Catastrophic splitting theory

It is assumed that a rock on the lunar surface loses mass as a result of bombardment by hypervelocity meteoroids. The mass of rock and its fragments can be modeled as a nonincreasing stochastic process with independent increments. In the case of a self-similar, one-shot splitting law, Filippov's extension of Kolmogorov's results produces asymptotic mass densities (number densities) which can be of lognormal, fractional exponential (Rosin-Rammler), or inverse-power (Pareto) types. The results are extended in three directions. A new explicit formula for the number density is obtained in the case where the splitting law is a two-term polynomial. The effect of splitting laws and splitting rates which depend on randomly varying parameters, e.g., meteoroid mass and velocity, is considered. The average number density with respect to a distribution of initial rock masses and initial rock birthdays also is studied. The asymptotic average density for an inverse-power distribution of initial masses has the same shape as the unaveraged density, but a beta (Β, 1) distribution of rock birthdays strongly alters the shape of the asymptotic number density.
The primary structure of a plant storage protein: zein

Abstract The protein sequence of a representative of the zeins, the major storage proteins of maize, has been derived from the nucleotide sequence of a zein cDNA clone. This cDNA was sequence both by the Maxam and Gilbert and the M13-dideoxy techniques. The nucleotide sequence encompasses the non-translated 3' terminus of the mRNA, the entire coding sequence specifying both the mature zein protein and a small signal peptide, and a portion of the non-translated 5' region. The deduced amino acid composition and the amino-terminal amino acid sequence closely resemble those derived from chemical analysis of the zein protein fraction. The data presented represent the first complete amino acid sequence of a plant storage protein.
Malleting injuries of teeth in scorbutic and normal guinea pigs.

Abstract Forty-eight teeth of healthy guinea pigs and guinea pigs with latent scurvy were malleted with a gold foil plugger. Because of the pathologic fragility of their blood vessels, pulpal bleeding was more extensive and frequent in the scorbutic animals than in the normal ones. In latent scurvy reduced collagen maturation causes a diminution in the elasticity of the dentine. Therefore, tooth-wall fractures were more common in the scorbutic animals than in the normal ones. Because the roots of guinea pig incisors are considerably longer than the molar roots, the malleting injuries were more extensive and frequent in the latter teeth.
The behavior of lipid debris left on cell surfaces from microbubble based ultrasound molecular imaging.

Lipid monolayer coated microbubbles are currently being developed to identify vascular regions that express certain surface proteins as part of the new technique of ultrasound molecular imaging. The microbubbles are functionalized with targeting ligands which bind to the desired cells holding the microbubbles in place as the remaining unbound microbubbles are eliminated from circulation. Subsequent scanning with ultrasound can detect the highly reflectant microbubbles that are left behind. The ultrasound scanning and detection process results in the destruction of the microbubble, creating lipid fragments from the monolayer. Here we demonstrate that microbubbles targeted to 4T1 murine breast cancer cells and human umbilical cord endothelial cells leave behind adhered fragments of the lipid monolayer after exposure to ultrasound with peak negative pressures of 0.18 and 0.8 MPa. Most of the observed fragments were large enough to be resistant to receptor mediated endocytosis. The fragments were not observed to incorporate into the lipid membrane of the cell over a period of 96 min. They were not observed to break into smaller pieces or significantly change shape but they were observed to undergo translation and rotation across the cell surface as the cells migrated over the substrate. These large fragments will apparently remain on the surface of the targeted cells for significant periods of time and need to be considered for their potential effects on blood flow through the microcapillaries and potential for immune system recognition.
Simulation of Water in a Small Pore: Effect of Electric Field and Density II: Immobilized Molecules

A Monte Carlo simulation of water in a small pore has been modified to trace individual molecules. The locations, orientations, and local density of those that move less than 1 A during the simulation are shown to depend heavily on the locations of other molecules that are fixed on the sides of the pores. The electric field produces secondary effects, while density, which produces major effects on the average water properties (Green, M. E.; Lu, J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 6512.) is secondary in determining the properties of individual water molecules; in particular, the location of those molecules so immobile as to form an effective block of the pore is little affected by field or density. The electric field does have an effect on the orientation of the immobilized molecules large enough to observe clearly, but it is not a large effect. In this set of simulations, the number of moves per molecule was extended to ensure that the effect was real, and not an artifact of certain molecules starting slowly. ...
Antidepressants and rapid-cycling bipolar II disorder: dogma, definitions and deconstructing discrepant data

It is suggested that a finding that apparently challenges current practice guidelines, namely that patients with a rapid-cycling pattern of bipolar disorder can take antidepressant monotherapy for months without increasing risk of cycling, may be parsimoniously understood by the way that the investigators defined rapid cycling and by their use of acute-phase fluoxetine monotherapy prior to randomisation to continutaion-phase therapy with fluoxetine, lithium or placebo.
Diffusional Microtitration of 20 μL Samples with Optical Indication

Both the simplicity and robustness of diffusional microtitration have been taken advantage of to implement an extremely simple on-line optical indication scheme for the analyses of 20 μL samples. The system consisted mainly of an LED as the light source and a phototransistor as the detector. A green LED was used in acid/base titrations with a mixture of bromocresol purple and bromothymol blue as the color indicator and 0.1 M KOH as the reagent. Correspondingly, a blue LED was implemented in EDTA microtitrations of calcium with murexide as the indicator and 0.1 M EDTA as the reagent. In the acid/base determinations, a repeatability with 4.6% standard error was obtained for a series of 19 microtitrations of 40 nmol samples of HNO3. Further, a linear (r2 = 0.998) five-point calibration was produced with three trials at each amount in the range of 20−60 nmol samples. An equally linear (r2 = 0.997) six-point calibration was achieved in the determination of CaCl2 by EDTA, also with four trials at each amount, i...
Greening vacant lots to reduce violent crime: a randomised controlled trial

Background Vacant lots are often overgrown with unwanted vegetation and filled with trash, making them attractive places to hide illegal guns, conduct illegal activities such as drug sales and prostitution, and engage in violent crime. There is some evidence that greening vacant lots is associated with reductions in violent crime. Methods We performed a randomised controlled trial of vacant lot greening to test the impact of this intervention on police reported crime and residents’ perceptions of safety and disorder. Greening consisted of cleaning the lots, planting grass and trees, and building a wooden fence around the perimeter. We randomly allocated two vacant lot clusters to the greening intervention or to the control status (no intervention). Administrative data were used to determine crime rates, and local resident interviews at baseline (n¼29) and at follow-up (n¼21) were used to assess perceptions of safety and disorder. Results Unadjusted difference-in-differences estimates showed a non-significant decrease in the number of total crimes and gun assaults around greened vacant lots compared with control. People around the intervention vacant lots reported feeling significantly safer after greening compared with those living around control vacant lots (p<0.01). Conclusions In this study, greening was associated with reductions in certain gun crimes and improvements in residents’ perceptions of safety. A larger randomised controlled trial is needed to further investigate the link between vacant lot greening and violence reduction.
Numb Deletion in POMC-Expressing Cells Impairs Pituitary Intermediate Lobe Cell Adhesion, Progenitor Cell Localization, and Neuro-Intermediate Lobe Boundary Formation

The pituitary gland contains six distinct hormone-secreting cell types that are essential for basic physiological processes including fertility and responding to stress. Formation of hormone-secreting cells during development relies on Notch signaling to prevent progenitors from prematurely differentiating. The nature of the signal curtailing Notch signaling in the pituitary is unknown, but a good candidate is the endocytic adaptor protein NUMB. NUMB targets Notch for proteolytic degradation, but it also has a broad range of actions, including stabilizing adherens junctions through interactions with cadherins and influencing cell proliferation by stabilizing expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Here, we show that NUMB and its closely related homolog, NUMBLIKE, are expressed in undifferentiated cells during development and later in gonadotropes in the anterior lobe and melanotropes of the intermediate lobe. All four isoforms of NUMB, are detectable in the pituitary, with the shorter forms becoming more prominent after adolescence. Conditionally deleting Numb and Numblike in the intermediate lobe melanotropes with Pomc Cre mice dramatically alters the morphology of cells in the intermediate lobe, coincident with impaired localization of adherens junctions proteins including E-CADHERIN, N-CADHERIN, β-CATENIN, and α-CATENIN. Strikingly, the border between posterior and intermediate lobes is also disrupted. These mice also have disorganized progenitor cells, marked by SOX2, but proliferation is unaffected. Unexpectedly, Notch activity appears normal in conditional knockout mice. Thus, Numb is critical for maintaining cell-cell interactions in the pituitary intermediate lobe that are essential for proper cell placement.
Soft-Collinear Messengers: A New Mode in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

It is argued that soft-collinear effective theory for processes involving both soft and collinear partons, such as exclusive B-meson decays, should include a new mode in addition to soft and collinear fields. These ''soft-collinear messengers'' can interact with both soft and collinear particles without taking them far off-shell. They thus can communicate between the soft and collinear sectors of the theory. The relevance of the new mode is demonstrated with an explicit example, and the formalism incorporating the corresponding quark and gluon fields into the effective Lagrangian is developed.
Preparation of brain cell cultures of mice

A procedure for an in vitro technique used to establish cells in culture from the brain of the mouse is described. The success of establishing cell cultures is dependent upon the dissociation medium used, the concentration of fetal bovine serum, and the site of the brain removed for culture. Extreme care must be observed in establishing adherence of the cells to the plastic flasks used in the procedure. Dissociated cultures are found to be superior to explant cultures in establishing cell growth.
Relationship of locus of control and depression to treatment adherence in gynecologic oncology patients

CAH and EIN who underwent any type of hysterectomy. Of these patients, 2315 had concurrent bilateral or unilateral oophorectomy (83.2%). Occult ovarian cancer was found in 27 of these cases, representing an overall risk of 1.2%. Stratified by age, 15 of 1838 women b65 years of age and 12 of 477 who were ≥65 years old had ovarian cancer on final pathology, representing an 0.8% and 2.5% risk of ovarian cancer in these age groups, respectively. We determined the relative risk of occult ovarian malignancy at the time of surgical management of CAH to be 3.1 at age ≥65 vs. age b65 years (relative risk 3.08, 95% CI 1.5–6.5, Fisher's exact test P b 0.006). Conclusions: Conventional management of CAH/EIN in women who have completed childbearing does not differ from that of endometrial cancer, including total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingooophorectomy. This practice is compelled by the theoretical risk of continued hormonal stimulation of residual endometrial disease, the risk of a synchronous ovarian malignancy, and the risk of metastasis to the ovary. Studies endorsing the safety of hormone replacement therapy in endometrial cancer patients argue against the detrimental effect of estrogen in endometrial cancer patients and, therefore, in CAH/ EIN as well. Our study demonstrates a low incidence of ovarian malignancy in women with CAH/EIN, especially in women b65 years of age, providing compelling evidence to support ovarian preservation. As data increase regarding the health benefits of ovarian preservation in postmenopausal women, a paradigm shift in the surgical management of CAH in these same women should follow.
3D Scene Reconstruction for Robotic Bridge Inspection

AbstractThis paper provides a comparative study of two methods for reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) scenes from monocular two-dimensional (2D) images with respect to their applicability to rob...
Resection of midesophageal carcinoma with esophagogastric anastomosis

This report is based on 432 cases of cancer of the oesophagus, 154 of which involved the middle third. There were 82 men and 72 women, ranging in age from 42 to 81, average 62. Operative mortality was 15.7%. The philosophic objectives were to restore promptly the ability to swallow, to obtain a worthwhile survival period, and to avoid the miseries associated with oesophageal carcinoma.
Introduction: What's This 'Religious' in Hip Hop Culture?

At the 2010 annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion held in Atlanta, GA, a group of young scholars organized a wildcard session titled “What’s This ‘Religious’ in Hip Hop Culture?” The central questions under investigation by the panel were 1) what about hip hop culture is religious? and 2) how are issues of theory and method within African American religious studies challenged and/or rethought because of the recent turn to hip hop as both subject of study and cultural hermeneutic. Though some panelists challenged this “religious” in hip hop, all agreed that hip hop is of theoretical and methodological import for African American religious studies and religious studies in general. This collection of essays brings together in print many findings from that session and points out the implications of hip hop's influence on religious scholars' theoretical and methodological concerns.
Lavage administration of dilute recombinant surfactant in acute lung injury in piglets.

In an acute lung injury model, we previously observed reversal of pulmonary dysfunction with natural surfactant administered by lavage (dose = 18 mg/kg phospholipid). The present study questioned whether a lower dose of phospholipid would be effective if a recombinant preparation rather than natural surfactant were used. Acute lung injury was induced by repeated saline lung lavage in ventilated, sedated, and paralyzed piglets. Three concentrations of recombinant surfactant were studied (low phospholipid, 1 mg/mL; medium phospholipid, 4 mg/mL; high phospholipid, 13.5 mg/mL). Control piglets received no surfactant. Thirty-five milliliters per kilogram of surfactant was administered by gravity, followed by passive drainage of excess fluid. All treatment groups retained similar volumes (4.7 ± 0.3 mL/kg), corresponding to phospholipid doses of 4 ± 0.4, 22 ± 3, and 67 ± 4 mg/kg in low, medium, and high-dose groups, respectively. Treatment groups showed significant improvement in PaO2 compared with controls. Other parameters different from controls were found in only the medium and high-dose groups. All surfactant-treated groups showed improvement over time in PaO2, PaCO2, lung resistance, mean airway pressure, functional residual capacity, and dynamic compliance. These data support the statement that whereas there is a dose response to exogenous surfactant, the effective dose of recombinant surfactant in acute lung injury may be as low as 4 mg/kg phospholipid when administered by lavage.
A role for endothelial-derived matrix metalloproteinase-2 in breast cancer cell transmigration across the endothelial-basement membrane barrier

Invasive cancer cells utilize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane in the process of metastasis. Among multiple members of the MMP family, the gelatinase MMP-2 has been implicated in the development and dissemination of malignancies. However, the cellular source of MMP-2 and its effect on metastatic extravasation have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that active MMP-2 derived from endothelial cells facilitated the transmigration of breast cancer cells across the microvascular barrier. Gelatin zymography was used to assess latent and active MMP-2 production in conditioned media from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and co-culture of these two cells. Transmigrated cancer cells were measured during MMP-2 knockdown with siRNA and pharmacological inhibition of MMP activity with OA-HY. The results showed consistent MMP-2 secretion by the HLMVECs, whereas a low level production was seen in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Inhibition of MMP-2 expression or activity in HLMVECs significantly attenuated the transmigration of MDA-MB-231 cells across an endothelial monolayer barrier grown on a reconstituted basement membrane. The data provide evidence supporting a potential role for the endothelial production of MMPs in promoting cancer cell extravasation. We suggest that the interaction between malignant cells and peritumoral benign tissues including the vascular endothelium may serve as an important mechanism in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis.
Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 5: identification of potent and pure neuropeptide S receptor antagonists

Neuropeptide S (NPSa), the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan receptor now named NPSR, regulates various biological functions in the brain, including arousal, locomotion, anxiety, and food intake. Here we report on a focused structure-activity study of Gly5 which has been replaced with L and D amino acids. Fifteen NPS related peptides were synthesized and pharmacologically tested for intracellular calcium mobilization using HEK293 cells stably expressing the mouse NPSR. The results of this study demonstrated that peptide potency is inversely related to the side chain size while peptide efficacy strongly depends on the relative L and D configuration with the L aminoacids favoring agonist while D aminoacids displaying antagonist pharmacological activity. [D-Val5]NPS behaved as NPSR pure antagonist in HEK293mNPSR cells showing the highest potency (pKB 7.56) among this series of peptides. The antagonist action of [D-Val5]NPS was confirmed in vivo in mice where the peptide at a dose of 10 nmoles completely blocked the stimulatory effect of 0.1 nmole NPS on locomotor activity.
The Flex Track: Flexible Partitioning between Low- and High-Acuity Areas of an Emergency Department

Study objective Emergency departments (EDs) with both low- and high-acuity treatment areas often have fixed allocation of resources, regardless of demand. We demonstrate the utility of discrete-event simulation to evaluate flexible partitioning between low- and high-acuity ED areas to identify the best operational strategy for subsequent implementation. Methods A discrete-event simulation was used to model patient flow through a 50-bed, urban, teaching ED that handles 85,000 patient visits annually. The ED has historically allocated 10 beds to a fast track for low-acuity patients. We estimated the effect of a flex track policy, which involved switching up to 5 of these fast track beds to serving both low- and high-acuity patients, on patient waiting times. When the high-acuity beds were not at capacity, low-acuity patients were given priority access to flexible beds. Otherwise, high-acuity patients were given priority access to flexible beds. Wait times were estimated for patients by disposition and Emergency Severity Index score. Results A flex track policy using 3 flexible beds produced the lowest mean patient waiting time of 30.9 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.6 to 31.2 minutes). The typical fast track approach of rigidly separating high- and low-acuity beds produced a mean patient wait time of 40.6 minutes (95% CI 40.2 to 50.0 minutes), 31% higher than that of the 3-bed flex track. A completely flexible ED, in which all beds can accommodate any patient, produced mean wait times of 35.1 minutes (95% CI 34.8 to 35.4 minutes). The results from the 3-bed flex track scenario were robust, performing well across a range of scenarios involving higher and lower patient volumes and care durations. Conclusion Using discrete-event simulation, we have shown that adding some flexibility into bed allocation between low and high acuity can provide substantial reductions in overall patient waiting and a more efficient ED.
Resonance-theoretic calculation of the ground state spin density of the pπ-system of edge atoms on graphene nanodots and nanoribbons

By the resonance-theoretic method zigzag graphene nanoribbons are predicted to have an antiferromagnetic ground state with a Mulliken spin density of 0.33 on the edge atoms and the armchair graphene nanoribbons are predicted to have a nonmagnetic ground state. Similar calculations predict that sawtooth graphene nanoribbons have a weakly antiferromagnetic ground state with edge atoms having a Mulliken spin density of 0.16 on the edge atoms.
The role of aldosterone in renal sodium transport

Aldosterone is the body's major hormone involved in volume homeostasis because of its effects on sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. Our comprehension of the signaling pathways that this mineralocorticoid unleashes has been enhanced through the convergence of bedside physiologic observations with advances in medical genetics and molecular biology. This overview updates our current understanding of the aldosterone-initiated pathways throughout the distal nephron to promote sodium retention. Three essential features of the pathways are explored: how the mineralocorticoid gains specificity and targets gene transcription in distal tubular cells; how the key endpoints of aldosterone action in these cells-the epithelial sodium channel, the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter, and Na,K,ATPase-are regulated; and how 3 kinases, directly or indirectly, are activated by aldosterone and serve as critical intermediaries in regulating the sodium transporters. Remarkably, perturbations in many genes integral to aldosterone-induced pathways result in blood-pressure abnormalities. The familial disorders of hypertension and hypotension that follow from these mutated genes are presented with their molecular and physiologic consequences. The clustering of so many genetic disorders within the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron supports the hypothesis that renal sodium regulation plays a pivotal role in long-term blood-pressure control. Identifying and characterizing other components of the pathways that modulate these sodium transporters represent the core challenges in this scientific field. It is posited that meeting these challenges will help elucidate the pathogenesis of human hypertension and provide new therapeutic options for its treatment.
The effects of helium on irradiation damage in single crystal iron

Fusion systems have a major issue with the relatively large amounts of helium (He) which are generated during the irradiation damage process. The effect of helium on the accumulation of defects and defect clusters and the influence of the resulting microstructure on physical and mechanical properties has been the focus of a large number of experimental and modeling studies over the past twenty years. The present work is part of an effort to quantify these effects in ways that were not possible in earlier studies. This is accomplished through systematic and coordinated computational modeling and experiments. The modeling approach employs both molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations to study the dynamic evolution of helium and defect clusters in bcc iron over relevant time scales. The kMC model follows the transport or evolution of the major defect entities in the material.
Putnam and Clarke and Mind and Body

we can just demand that he tell us what it is to be in state A, and once told, his case fails, for state A then has no unexhausted content. This can be seen at its clearest when Putnam considers the possibility that, since (i) is said to be a 'synthetic proposition' for the machine, ' ... . the machine might be in state A and its sense organs might report that flip flop 36 was not on. In such a case the machine would have to make a methodological "choice"-namely, to give up (i) or to conclude that it had made an "observational error" . .'1 But the error is Putnam's: talk of flip flop 36 shows we are talking of a real TM, and so the 'deciding it is in state A' has no sense here apart from whatever procedure or definition has already been chosen to exhaust the notion 'state A', and no such problem can arise. If such an assignment has not been made, the machine is still abstract and talk of flip flop 36 is out of place. Putnam's claim2 that 'I am in state A' and 'flip flop 36 is on' are 'clearly non-synonymous in the machine's language by any test.., .the machine has to use different "methods of verification" . . ..' is simply and straightforwardly false for any real TM. 4 PUTNAM'S COUNTER ATTACK Putnam anticipates to some extent this attack on his use of the abstract TM. He correctly notes 1 Putnam [1964], p. 139. 2 Putnam [1964] p. I153. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.255 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 05:43:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Possible spin-liquid states on the triangular and kagomé lattices

The frustrated quantum spin-one-half Heisenberg model on the triangular and kagom\'e lattices is mapped onto a single species of fermion carrying statistical flux \ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}. The corresponding Chern-Simons gauge theory is analyzed at the Gaussian level and found to be massive. This provides a new motivation for the spin-liquid Kalmeyer-Laughlin wave function. Good overlap of this wave function with the numerical ground state is found for small clusters.
THE SULFENYLATION OF SUBSTITUTED IMINES

Conditions for mono- and bissulfenylation of N-methyl-3,3-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione are described and compared to a closely related six-membered imide, N-methyl-3-ethyl-3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione. The influence of solvent, base and electrophile on product distribution is explored.
Stabilization of microtubules by GTP analogues

We recently demonstrated that the nonhydrolyzable analogues of GTP (GMPPCP and GMPPNP) and ATP support the elongation phase of tubulin assembly and are incorporated into the E-site of polymerized tubulin. In this report we studied the stability of microtubules containing GTP analogues by examining length redistributions after shearing at polymer steady state. The mean length of a population of microtubules containing GMPPCP increased only by 37% over a 150 min time period after shearing. Microtubules which contained 70% ATP and 30% GDP at the E-site increased in length by 88%. In contrast, the mean length of microtubules assembled in the presence of GTP increased by 410% in the same time period. These results suggest that microtubules containing GMPPCP or ATP at their ends are stabilized from depolymerization.
Wideband Antenna for Portable Radio

Narrow frequency bandwidth antenna is a typical shortcoming for most of the communication devices. Thus, a single radiating element which able to have resonant frequencies covering from 780MHz till 3000MHz with at least VSWR of 2.5:1 is critically needed especially for a mission critical two-way portable radio. A novel patch antenna was designed to cater for this inadequacy. Using one radiating element that gives wide frequency bandwidth, it does not require more individual antenna elements for different resonant frequencies. Also, with the proposed dimension of 55 mm x 130 mm, this antenna design can be easily integrated into the size of a typical two-way portable radio.
Paralytic ileus following myocardial infarction

Abstract Clinically severe adynamic ileus has been found to be a rare complication of acute myocardial infarction. Two such patients have been presented; each died suddenly after a prolonged hospital course. Complete autopsy study was made, and each was found to have died from a very recent myocardial infarction. In Case 1, clinical diagnosis was directed to mesenteric arterial occlusion with bowel infarction, and Case 2 clinically suggested intraor retroperitoneal hemorrhage. The post-mortem studies indicated that both patients had congestive failure secondary to arteriosclerotic heart disease and that the ileus was probably a manifestation of mesenteric vascular insufficiency. The prognosis of intestinal obstruction following myocardial infarction must rest upon the cause of the ileus and need not be ominous. In these cases, conservative management of the adynamic ileus was effective; however, they emphasize that the surgical implications of ileus must always be considered and directed to the pericardium as well as the abdomen.
Global doctor opinion versus a patient questionnaire for the outcome assessment of treated temporomandibular disorder patients.

Purpose Accurately assessing treatment outcomes has become increasingly important for maintaining hospital privileges. When these assessments are based on the judgment of the treating doctor, there is often an inherent positive bias. As a result, there has been increased interest in using patient-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to compare doctor's and patient's assessments of the outcomes of treatment in a series of patients with various temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods Fifty-two consecutive TMD patients were initially given a questionnaire designed to evaluate their pain, problems eating and sleeping, the occurrence of headache and earache, the presence of temporomandibular joint pain and/or jaw stiffness in the morning, and interference with daily activity. The patients then filled out the same questionnaire at each post-treatment visit, and the findings were compared with the baseline information. At each visit, the treating doctor also recorded a global evaluation of the patient's progress as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Results Comparison of the doctor's global evaluation with the patient's evaluation based on the questionnaire showed a discrepancy in 44% of the cases. When there was a discrepancy, the doctor scored the improvement better than the patient 54.5% of the time and worse than the patient 45.5% of the time. Conclusions The results of this study confirm the unreliability of using a global opinion by the treating doctor for outcome assessment in patients with various TMDs.
Race/Ethnicity and Self-Reported Levels of Discrimination and Psychological Distress, California, 2005

Introduction Little is known about the relationship between discrimination and distress among multiple racial groups because previous studies have focused primarily on either blacks or Asian Americans. The objective of this study was to assess the association between self-reported experiences of racial discrimination and symptoms of psychological distress among 5 racial/ethnic groups in California. Methods I used data from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey describing an adult sample of 27,511 non-Hispanic whites, 8,020 Hispanics, 1,813 non-Hispanic blacks, 3,875 non-Hispanic Asians, and 1,660 people of other races/ethnicities. The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale determined symptoms of psychological distress. I used a single-item, self-reported measure to ascertain experiences of racial discrimination. Results Reports of racial discrimination differed significantly among racial groups. Self-reported discrimination was independently associated with psychological distress after adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, sex, education level, employment status, general health status, nativity and citizenship status, English use and proficiency, ability to understand the doctor at last visit, and geographic location. The relationship between discrimination and psychological distress was modified by the interaction between discrimination and race/ethnicity; the effect of discrimination on distress was weaker for minority groups (ie, blacks and people of other races/ethnicities) than for whites. Conclusion Self-reported discrimination may be a key predictor of high levels of psychological distress among racial/ethnic groups in California, and race appears to modify this association. Public health practitioners should consider the adverse effects of racial discrimination on minority health.
Age Differences Among Homeless Individuals: Adolescence Through Adulthood

The present study examines differences between homeless adolescents, young adults, and older adults served by homeless shelters or food programs to inform service provision. Four homeless studies using the same sampling and measurement methods were pooled to permit comparisons across age groups. Results showed that homeless adolescents demonstrated greater resilience than younger and older adults. Adolescents reported the shortest duration of homelessness, lowest number of life stressors, fewest physical symptoms, largest social networks, and fewest clinically significant mental health problems. Adolescents also received fewer alcohol and drug abuse diagnoses than younger and older adults. Younger adults reported less time homeless and fewer physical symptoms than older adults, but more life stressors. Younger adults also endorsed higher levels of hostile and paranoid psychological symptoms. Implications for service provision and policy are discussed.
Isolation of the acidic and basic subunits of glycinin

Abstract The acidic and basic subunits of glycinin—the major storage protein of soybean seeds (Glycine max)—were isolated by a simple ion exchange chromatography method involving a two-step pH change of the elution buffer. Abnormal behaviour of the subunits in dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is suggested.
Effect of osmotic pressure, ionic imbalance, and pH upon the regeneration rate in Blepharisma.

Abstract 1. 1. Regeneration of Blepharisma occurs at about the same rate as in unit standard balanced salt solution (USBSS) (4.35 × 10−3 osmolal) when the concentration is 2 ×, 8 ×, or 12 × this amount. When increased to 20 × USBSS there is a delay of about 7 hr, and at 24 × USBSS regeneration is very much retarded. 2. 2. Not only is regeneration of Blepharisma placed in balanced salt solution of increased concentration retarded, but some cells die, the number dying increasing with the salt concentration. 3. 3. Sucrose solutions are about as injurious to regeneration of Blepharisma as balanced salt solutions of equal osmolality. 4. 4. It is quite evident that in higher concentrations of balanced salt or sucrose solutions blepharismas lose water rapidly, shrinking to flat leaflife forms. If they recover they later take in some water. 5. 5. NaCl and KCl solutions block regeneration at lower osmolal concentrations than balanced salt solution, KCl of a given concentration being more effective than NaCl. 6. 6. In solutions of EDTA of concentration enough to chelate all the calcium and magnesium, regeneration is normal. When the concentration of EDTA is doubled, regeneration is retarded and many blepharismas remaining in the solution overnight disintegrate. In 4 × unit EDTA all blepharismas die almost immediately. 7. 7. Blepharismas in lower concentrations of sucrose are not more sensitive to UV than controls. They become much more sensitive to UV at the sucrose concentration at which sucrose stress is evident in unirradiated cells. 8. 8. Regeneration of Blepharisma is not retarded by pH of balanced salt solutions over the span 5.5 to 7.7. At pH 4.7 regeneration is retarded for several hours. 9. 9. It is postulated that external application of concentrated solutions of salts or sucrose to blepharismas injure them by withdrawal of water. This concentrates the internal salts of the cell, a process known to be injurious to enzymes of the cell responsible for life processes.
A new technology for terahertz imaging in breast cancer margin determination

In this paper we describe a project for designing, developing and translating a THz imaging device for monitoring margins from extracted tissue during surgical breast cancer conservation procedures. In this application, the reflective and transmission properties of extracted tissue are monitored, in near real-time using a fine-beam THz signal which is sensitive to the presence of liquid and bound water content. In this way, it is intended that the extracted tissue will be studied in the operating theatre to determine during surgery, whether or not the region of malignant tissue has been fully excised from the patient. In the early stages of this project, we are determining to what degree an existing THz system at the University of Massachusetts (UMass) in Amherst is able to differentiate between breast carcinoma, normal fibroglandular and adipose tissues. This is achieved through close collaboration with a surgical and radiological team at the UMass-Worcester medical school and involves post-surgical recovered tissues. As part of this work, we are describing the system, measurement methodology, and first results that were obtained to calibrate the imaging system.
Meaningful EMC Measurements in Shielded Enclosures

Present EMC military and industrial standards fail to cope with the problems involved in performing radiated field measurements in shielded enclosures. Repeatability errors of 25 db are not uncommon, and relating the data to open-field values is practically impossible. New measurement methods based on the resonance characteristics of the enclosure were proposed in a paper presented by the author at WESCON 1968, giving the theoretical background and the results of preliminary experiments. This paper, a continuation of the WESCON paper, begins by presenting a general solution to the problem of radiating sources in shielded enclosures using Green's function method. A particular case, that of a vertical antenna in a rectangular enclosure, is then solved in detail, showing full agreement with measured values. Previous attempts to match theory and experiment failed due to the fact that most of the published literature asserts the completeness of the solenoidal eigenvectors E and H for modal field expansions. Actually, in the presence of current and charge distributions, irrotational eigenvectors constitute not only a necessary part of the solution, but they become the dominant terms at frequencies below cutoff. The theory also corroborates the experimental finding that the field strengths very near the source are essentially the same, whether inside an enclosure or in an open field. With this background, a detailed field-strength measurement procedure for frequencies below cutoff is worked out (the first resonant frequency for typical shielded rooms falls in the range of 20 to 50 MHz).
Quantitative analysis of methanol in wastewater by GC-MS with direct injection or headspace SPME sample introduction

Monitoring methanol (MeOH) concentration in wastewater treatment processes is important because methanol is a widely used carbon source for denitrification. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and direct liquid injection coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were studied to analyze methanol in municipal wastewater samples in the μg mL−1 range. The conditions applied for both methods are presented. The extraction parameters for the HS-SPME method, such as SPME fiber selection, extraction temperature and time, agitation, pH value of the solution, and salt effect, were investigated. For the liquid injection method, the critical parameter was to select a polar column, the DB-WAX capillary column. Linear calibration curves were obtained over 3 orders of magnitude using methanol-d3 (MeOH-d3) or acetonitrile (ACN) as an internal standard. Both methods were validated with repeatability and recovery experiments. The liquid injection method requires a smaller injection volume and allows for faster analysis and better precision. The HS-SPME method also has reliable performance with less than 10% error. In addition, the comparison of the two methods on practical applications and maintenance is included.
Starting Up a Program

Prior to beginning a program using implanted drug pumps for the delivery of intrathecal drugs, significant coordination must take place. The setting where patients will be followed must be chosen, supplies must be purchased, the appropriate personnel must be convened, policies and tools for documentation must be developed, coordination between other departments must be initiated, and reimbursement strategies must be considered. This chapter will alert clinicians to these considerations along with providing useful tools to assist with these efforts.