cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a self organizable curcumin derivative and investigation of its interaction with metals in 100% aqueous media

Abstract We report the synthesis of a self organizable and water dispersible bis PEGylated (bis polyethyleneglycolated) curcumin (1) using an efficient synthetic method. Compound 1 forms nanoparticles on the order of 90 nm in water. Even though it forms nanoparticles, compound 1 interacts strongly with metal ions, Al+3, Cu+2, and Hg+2. Fluorescence and absorption spectroscopic techniques were employed to investigate the metal interactions of these nanoparticles. Al+3 and Cu+2 ions interact with compound 1 leading to enhancement and dramatic quenching in the fluorescence of the latter in 100% water, respectively. Addition of Hg+2 ions to compound 1 in water produces a ratiometric change in the absorption spectra of the nanoparticles. Although PEGylated curcumin derivatives were reported in the past, there have been no reports on their self organization into nanoparticles and extensive studies on their metal interaction properties in 100% water using its fluorescence and absorption properties.
The effect of interfacial diffusion barriers on the ignition of self-sustained reactions in metal-metal diffusion couples

An analysis of the solid-state diffusion process leading to exothermic, self-sustained reactions in metal-metal diffusion couples has been performed. Numerical values for the ignition temperature were obtained as a function of interfacial barriers, layer thickness, thermal coupling, and heating rate for isochronal heating of Al-Ni diffusion couples. Of particular interest is the effect of interfacial diffusion barriers, such as oxide layers, on the reaction. These are shown to lead to self-sustained reactions when otherwise not possible and to explain the heating-rate dependence of the ignition temperature observed in experiments.
Endoscopic intravascular surgery removes intraluminal flaps, dissections, and thrombus

Over the last 3 years angioscopic techniques have been used to guide intraluminal instrumentation in 73 patients undergoing thrombectomy, nine patients with vascular trauma, and 32 patients during laser angioplasty and balloon dilation. After balloon-catheter thromboembolectomy residual, occlusive thrombi tightly adherent to the arterial wall were removed with flexible biopsy forceps in 13 of 73 (18%) patients; underlying intimal flaps were removed in another four. In nine patients traumatic intimal defects caused by iatrogenic cannulation injuries (n = 5) or external trauma (n = 4) were managed by thrombectomy followed by complete or partial intravascular removal of the intimal flap (n = 6) or dissection plane (n = 3) with long flexible forceps and rotating brushes. Traumatic intimal defects observed in two additional patients were judged to be too severe for endoscopic manipulation and required immediate bypass grafting. Inspection after angioplasty in 32 patients revealed wall charring and obvious thermal damage after laser procedures in 28 (87%) and plaque cracking, intimal flaps, and fragmentation in 26 (81%). These defects were underestimated on intraoperative angiography. Large flaps and thrombus were removed endoscopically in three. We conclude that angioscopic study reveals the extent of intimal injury and gives insights into mechanisms of instrumentation. Adherent thrombus after embolectomy by balloon catheter and intimal flaps caused by trauma or angioplasty are common and, if severe, can be successfully treated by endoscopic intravascular manipulation in selected patients.
OPPORTUNISTIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRAL DNA IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH AIDS

Abstract Two types of lymphoproliferative disease associated with Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA—central-nervous-system lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP)—were recognised in children with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eight of ten lung biopsy specimens from children with LIP contained EBV DNA. EBV DNA was not identified in lung biopsy specimens with Pneumocystis carinii , cytomegalovirus, or atypical mycobacteria but without LIP, nor was EBV found in lung biopsy specimens from five adults with AIDS. Children with these EBV-associated complications had raised serum antibody titres to the replicative EBV antigens, but most of them lacked antibody to the component of the EB nuclear antigen encoded by the Bam HI K fragment. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease is a common and important complication of childhood AIDS.
Molecular dynamics simulation of dynamical response of perfect and porous Ni/Al nanolaminates under shock loading

We use a recently developed molecular dynamics method with an accurate, first-principles-based force field to study shock propagation in $\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Al}$ nanolaminates and the induced (highly exothermic) chemical reactions. We characterize both perfect nanolaminates and specimens containing small ($4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ diameter) voids. This method enables the accurate description of both the nonequilibrium shock loading process and the long-time evolution of the shocked material, providing an atomic-level picture of the complex interplay between the mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes that govern the behavior of the metastable composites. We shock the nanolaminates in the direction normal to the $\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Al}$ interfaces, leading to multiple wave reflections due to the elastic mismatch between Ni and Al; this leads to the Al layers having a higher temperature during the early stages of the process. In the perfect nanolaminates, the chemical reactions start at the interfaces closest to the impact plane and then propagate through the material. A rapid increase in the rate of chemical reactions $(3\mathrm{Ni}+\mathrm{Al}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}\mathrm{Al})$ is observed following the melting of the Ni and Al layers. We estimate the propagation velocity of the chemical front to be about $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$. The porous samples exhibit much faster energy release rates due to the mechanical intermixing of Al and Ni caused by shock-induced pore collapse and higher shock temperatures.
The art of teaching Spanish: second language acquisition from research to praxis

This co-edited volume contains 11 chapters and a subject index. The works cited in each chapter are included in separate bibliographies following the individual chapters, rather than at the end of ...
The endocannabinoid system as a link between homoeostatic and hedonic pathways involved in energy balance regulation

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and, in particular, cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, their endogenous agonists (the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and enzymes for the biosynthesis and degradation of the latter mediators are emerging as key players in the control of all aspects of food intake and energy balance. The ECS is involved in stimulating both the homoeostatic (that is, the sensing of deficient energy balance and gastrointestinal load) and the hedonic (that is, the sensing of the salience and the incentive/motivational value of nutrients) aspects of food intake. The orexigenic effects of endocannabinoids are exerted in the brain by CB(1)-mediated stimulatory and inhibitory effects on hypothalamic orexigenic and anorectic neuropeptides, respectively; by facilitatory actions on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell; and by regulating the activity of sensory and vagal fibres in brainstem-duodenum neural connections. In turn, the levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and/or CB(1) receptors in the brain are under the control of leptin, ghrelin and glucocorticoids in the hypothalamus, under that of dopamine in the limbic forebrain and under that of cholecystokinin and ghrelin in the brainstem. These bi-directional communications between the ECS and other key players in energy balance ensure local mediators such as the endocannabinoids to act in a way coordinated in both 'space' and 'time' to enhance food intake, particularly after a few hours of food deprivation. Alterations of such communications are, however, also among the underlying causes of overactivity of the ECS in hyperphagia and obesity, a phenomenon that provided the rationale for the development of anti-obesity drugs from CB(1) receptor antagonists.
Investigation into the effect of space charges on the surface erosion of synthetic and natural organoclay nanofilled PP films

Literature indicates space charge formation in the polypropylene (PP) films when subjected to Partial Discharges (PD). The space charge thus formed also alters the PD characteristics in turn altering the PD resistance. The main focus of this work is to investigate the effect of space charge formed during the PD aging process on the main field with minimal space charge redistribution times. AC Ramp voltage that constantly increases with time at a rate of 667 V/s was applied across the samples for 20 second duration. PP films with natural organo clay nanofillers (0 (wt/v) % referred to as PP+N0% (base polymer) and 2 (wt/v) % referred to as PP+N2%), and synthetic organo clay nanofillers (2 (wt/v) % referred to as PP+S2%) were considered for experimentation. Results indicate that with the inclusion of the either natural or synthetic organo clay nanoparticles, with in the percolation threshold limit of nanofiller concentration, the final electric stress is reduced thus enhancing the resistance to surface PDs.
Local public sector rent-seeking and its impact on local land values

Abstract The paper investigates whether local public unions successfully appropriate locational rents and whether local land markets capitalize the impacts of rent-seeking activity. Public sector unions do generate wage premia for their members. We present evidence that the ramifications of rent- seeking by strong local public unions are capitalized by local land markets. House values are 12% lower in cities with other two-thirds of their local public workforces organized by unions than in cities without such high levels of union organization.
Insulin impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation independent of insulin sensitivity or lipid profile.

Insulin resistance is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and is associated with hyperinsulinemia, abnormal lipid profile, and hypertension. Whether hyperinsulinemia affects vascular function indepen...
Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity in the American Southwest, Part 2: The Chaco Halo, Mesa Verde, Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, and Zuni Archaeological Regions

Chemical and nutrient analyses of 471 soil samples from 161 sites within four archaeological regions (Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, Zuni, Mesa Verde, and the Chaco Halo) were combined with historical climate data in order to evaluate the agricultural productivity of each region. In addition, maize productivity and field-life calculations were performed using organic-nitrogen (N) values from the upper 50 cm of soil in each region and a range (1–3%/year) of N-mineralization rates. The end-member values of this range were assumed representative of dry and wet climate states. With respect to precipitation and heat, the Pajarito Plateau area has excellent agricultural potential; the agricultural potentials of the Zuni and Mesa Verde regions are good; and the agricultural potential of the Chaco Halo is poor. Calculations of N mineralization and field life indicate that Morfield Valley in Mesa Verde should be able to provide 10 bu/ac of maize for decades (without the addition of N) when organic N-mineralization rates exceed 2%. Productivity and field-life potential decrease in the following order: Zuni, Mesa Verde, Bandelier, Chaco Halo. The Chaco Halo is very unproductive; e.g., 10 bushels per acre can be achieved within the Halo only from soils having the highest organic N concentration (third quartile) and which undergo the highest rate (3%) of N mineralization.
Somatic cell hybridization: pattern of chromosome replication in viable Chinese hamster x Armenian hamster hybrids.

Abstract Comparisons of 3 H-thymidine uptake patterns of both parent cell lines and their viable hybrid cell obtained by fusion of 5-BUdR resistant Chinese and normal American hamster cell types disclosed no apparent alteration in the timing sequence of DNA replicating chromosomes in the hybrid. Formation of an isochromosome in a somatic hybrid cell has been detected by autoradiographic studies. The nonrandom sequence of DNA replication of the hybrid cells is discussed.
Osteopathic manipulative treatment for an unusual presentation of fibromyalgia: A case report demonstrating the effectiveness of disease guidelines

Abstract Fibromyalgia is an evolving condition in which symptoms overlap with a variety of other medical conditions. Although diagnostic criteria have been updated in attempt to more accurately and objectively identify patients with fibromyalgia, diagnosis often remains a challenge for healthcare providers. This case illustrates the utility of guidelines in combination with clinical judgment in the diagnosis and treatment approach for patients presenting with widespread pain. Although the presence of joint pain is not considered "typical" for fibromyalgia, the patient's symptoms satisfied the original diagnostic criteria published by the American College of Rheumatology in 1990, as well as the considerably different updated criteria published in 2010. Of particular importance is the understanding that fibromyalgia is not fully understood as a disease entity. With growing research, the definition of fibromyalgia continues to expand. With this in mind, patients presenting with seemingly atypical pain presentations should not be excluded from the diagnosis of fibromyalgia without further evaluation.
The Loss of PIN1 Deregulates Cyclin E and Sensitizes Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts to Genomic Instability

During the G0/G1-S phase transition, the timely synthesis and degradation of key regulatory proteins is required for normal cell cycle progression. Two of these proteins, c-Myc and cyclin E, are recognized by the Cdc4 E3 ligase of the Skp1/Cul1/Rbx1 (SCF) complex. SCFCdc4 binds to a similar phosphodegron sequence in c-Myc and cyclin E proteins resulting in ubiquitylation and degradation of both proteins via the 26 S proteosome. Since the prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds the c-Myc phosphodegron and participates in regulation of c-Myc turnover, we hypothesized that Pin1 would bind to and regulate cyclin E turnover in a similar manner. Here we show that Pin1 regulates the turnover of cyclin E in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Pin1 binds to the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex in a manner that depends on Ser384 of cyclin E, which is phosphorylated by Cdk2. The absence of Pin1 results in an increased steady-state level of cyclin E and stalling of the cells in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. The cellular changes that result from the loss of Pin1 predispose Pin1 null mouse embryo fibroblasts to undergo more rapid genomic instability when immortalized by conditional inactivation of p53 and sensitizes these cells to more aggressive Ras-dependent transformation and tumorigenesis.
Meteorological Aspects of Spider Ballooning

The importance of long-distance dispersal is recognized in the recolonization of disturbed habitats, but little is known about how migrant spiders respond to the various features of their atmospheric environment. Many spiders balloon by silken threads on wind currents for long distances and thus disperse to new habitats. Previous authors have focused on the meteorological conditions responsible for the initiation of spider ballooning. However, the meteorological conditions necessary for spiders to remain aloft on wind currents are less well known. During the fall and spring in east Tennessee, airborne spiders were collected from sticky traps extended from a 45-m tower at five heights throughout the forest canopy. Climatological data were collected continuously from the tower throughout the study. The results indicate that the most important meteorological factors affecting ballooning are abrupt changes in daily air temperature, maximum difference between dew point and air temperatures, and low wind fluctuations. For the fall, the highest percentage of spiders collected was at 22 m, immediately above the forest canopy, and for the spring, the highest catches were at 33 and 44 m. These results are correlated with sizes and taxa of animals trapped (i.e., more spider taxa with small body size ballooned in the spring than in the fall).
Partial protection of hippocampal neurons by MK-801 during perforant path stimulation in the immature brain

Abstract We investigated whether the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, could protect neurons in the immature brain from the excitotoxic affects of perforant path stimulation. A high dose of MK-801 reduced the number of injured hilar interneurons in the stimulated hippocampus from 30.0±5.2 in unmedicated rats to 12.2±9.6 in MK-801 treated animals (P © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
SEMI-NONPARAMETRIC INTERVAL-CENSORED MIXED PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS: IDENTIFICATION AND CONSISTENCY RESULTS

In this paper I propose estimating distributions on the unit interval semi-nonparametrically using orthonormal Legendre polynomials. This approach will be applied to the interval-censored mixed proportional hazard (ICMPH) model, where the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity is modeled semi-nonparametrically. Various conditions for the nonparametric identification of the ICMPH model are derived. I will prove general consistency results for M-estimators of (partly) non-euclidean parameters under weak and easy-to-verify conditions and specialize these results to sieve estimators. Special attention is paid to the case where the support of the covariates is finite.
Chucho el Roto in Mexico’s Post-1968 Cinema: Banditry, State-Sponsored Violence, and the Alternative National Family

Legendary bandit Chucho el Roto was portrayed by renowned actor Manuel Lopez Ochoa in a film series made and released in the wake of violent repression of Mexico’s student movement. The four films provide entertainment with their charismatic leading man, melodrama, romance and comedy. Yet, the series also allegorizes and critiques Dirty War tactics employed in Mexico by portraying how the powerful abuse their authority to criminalize, imprison, torture and murder young idealists with an alternative vision for society. The popular figure of the bandit thus constituted a timely vehicle for critical reflection about political violence within a repressive climate. Chucho el Roto, el bandido legendario, fue retratado por el afamado actor Manuel Lopez Ochoa en una serie de peliculas filmadas y estrenadas tras la violenta represion del movimiento estudiantil mexicano. Las cuatro peliculas proporcionan entretenimiento gracias a su carismatico protagonista, al melodrama, el romance y la comedia. Sin embargo la serie tambien alegoriza y critica las tacticas de la Guerra Sucia empleadas en Mexico, y lo hace mediante un retrato del poderoso abuso de sus autoridades para criminalizar, apresar, torturar y asesinar a jovenes idealistas con una vision alternativa para la sociedad. La figura popular del bandido constituyo asi un vehiculo oportuno para la reflexion critica sobre la violencia politica dentro de un clima represivo.
The DNA sequence of the Rhodobacter capsulatus ntrA, ntrB and ntrC gene analogues required for nitrogen fixation

We have determined the DNA sequence for the genes nifR1, nifR2 and nifR4 in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. These genes regulate transcription of the nifHDK operon and so limit the expression of nitrogen fixation activity to periods of low environmental concentrations of both oxygen and fixed nitrogen. The sequences of these three genes are similar to components of the ntr regulation system in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The two-component regulatory system of ntrB and ntrC in E. coli is represented by nifR2 and nifR1 in R. capsulatus and nifR4 in R. capsulatus is the equivalent of the E. coli ntr-related sigma factor ntrA.
The Effect of Electrode Bottom Thickness in Spectrochemical Analysis by the Porous Cup Electrode Technique

Although the direct spectrochemical analysis of solutions has been greatly facilitated by the introduction of the porous cup electrode (1), the literature contains only a limited amount of information concerning the effect of electrode bottom thickness on the behavior of elements in solution. Since capillary action, as well as gravity, has been ascribed as a means whereby liquid penetrates the graphite cup bottom, the question of whether preferential absorption and/or migration of certain ions takes place has arisen in this laboratory. It has been stated (1) that such behavior was doubted, although no specific experiment was designed to determine its existence. In a study of lubricating oils (2) the variable of bottom thickness was investigated, but it appears questionable that the information gained using an oil medium would be useful or related to the behavior of ions in aqueous solutions. The variation among different ions as regards their hydration in solution, their resulting ionic radii, etc., was believed to be sufficient justification for further investigation.
Silicon Nucleation on Silicon Dioxide and Selective Epitaxy In An Ultra-High Vacuum Raptid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor Using Disilane In Hydrogen

Silicon nucleation on silicon dioxide and selective silicon epitaxial growth (SEG) were studied in an ultra high vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (UHV-RTCVD) reactor. Experiments were performed using 10% Si2H6 in H2 in a pressure range of 10 – 100 mTorr at 760°C. Under these conditions, the growth rate ranged from 75 to 330 nm/minute. Loss of selectivity via Si island formation on SiO2 was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealing a strong dependence on deposition pressure. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) was employed to study the vertical oxide/epitaxy interface where faceting can occur. The incubation time for nucleation was found to increase from 10s to 70s as pressure is reduced from 100 mTorr to 10 mTorr, allowing thicker selective epitaxial film growth in spite of the reduced growth rates. This was attributed to the reduction in gas phase supersaturation of the Si containing species resulting in a lower density of adsorbed atoms on the SiO2 surface. This process shows a potential for chlorine free selective epitaxial growth and provides insight to the surface morphology of polycrystalline films deposited at low pressures.
Detrusor hypocontractility in children with posterior urethral valves arises before puberty

Objectives To assess prepubertal boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV) using an analysis of pressure-flow studies to evaluate the voiding phase and thus determine if myogenic failure (hypocontractility) arises before puberty and if it can be detected early. Patients and methods Eleven boys (8–13 years old) with PUV underwent urodynamics and the results were analysed using pressure-flow mathematical analysis (PFA) of the following variables of detrusor activity: contraction velocity (Vdet ), detrusor contractile power expressed as power factor (WF) and Schafer’s diagram, which differentiates a ‘strong’, ‘normal’ and ‘weak’ detrusor. Vdet and WF were compared with normal values previously determined in boys of similar age and considered ‘low’ if more than 2 SDs below the mean. The results of PFA were compared with standard pressure-flow studies and the three classical urodynamic patterns in boys with PUV, as determined by voiding symptoms. The subsequent PFA of seven of the 11 boys were also assessed as they had undergone previous urodynamics when <8 years old. Results As assessed by the three patterns of dysfunction, two boys had bladder instability, two had low compliance and three had hypocontractility, with four boys being normal. From the PFA, the Vdet and WF were lower than normal, respectively, in seven and nine of the 11 boys; Schafer’s nomogram showed a ‘weak’ detrusor in seven boys. The PFA suggested a pathology in four of five boys with symptoms and in three of six with no symptoms (two of the six showing a ‘low’ WF). Moreover, in older (11–13 years) boys, all five had a ‘weak’ detrusor, a ‘low’ WF and four a ‘low’ Vdet . Of the seven patients who underwent repeat PFA, three had a stable WF 3 years later, one (normal) worsened slightly and two were clearly worse, while one, who underwent late (at 3 years old) valve ablation, had an increased WF. Conclusions The PFA showed hypocontractility in two-thirds of prepubertal boys with PUV, including asymptomatic patients. These findings confirm the hypothesis that bladder dysfunction in boys with PUV eventually causes detrusor myogenic failure and finally a postpubertal overdistended bladder.
Applications of Microprocessors in Upgrading of Accelerator Controls

Experience at SLAC demonstrates that the criteria, for selection and use of microprocessors in modifying an existing control system may differ from the criteria that apply during installation of the control system of a new accelerator. Considerations such as cost of individual projects, progressive installation without disruption of operations and training of on-board personnel can outweigh "obvious" goals such as standardization of hardware, uniformity of software, or even a rigid specification of link protocols with the main computer system.
Visual Input to the Efferent Control System of a Fly's "Gyroscope"

Dipterous insects (the true flies) have a sophisticated pair of equilibrium organs called halteres that evolved from hind wings. The halteres are sensitive to Coriolis forces that result from angular rotations of the body and mediate corrective reflexes during flight. Like the aerodynamically functional fore wings, the halteres beat during flight and are equipped with their own set of control muscles. It is shown that motoneurons innervating muscles of the haltere receive strong excitatory input from directionally sensitive visual interneurons. Visually guided flight maneuvers of flies may be mediated in part by efferent modulation of hard-wired equilibrium reflexes.
17-β Estradiol reduces atherosclerosis without exacerbating lupus in ovariectomized systemic lupus erythematosus-susceptible LDLr−/− mice

Objective To test the hypothesis that estrogen treatment in a radiation chimera mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and atherosclerosis will increase SLE-associated atherosclerosis by increasing autoantibody production and inflammation.
Relation Between Molecular and Macroscopic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

While many liquid crystal studies have focused on static structural and electronic properties, dynamic factors such as molecular anisotropy, partial ordering and structural fluctuations have hindered descriptions linking liquid crystalline properties at the molecular level with the macroscopic level properties (as measured experimentally). In this paper, we examine the transition from molecular to bulk properties for the nematogen 5-alkyl-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), using both molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations. We perform molecular dynamics simulations on a collection of molecules in the nematic phase, sample the trajectory to create a representative collection of structures, and perform electronic structure calculations on the sampled structures.
Radioactivity-Guided Isolation and Characterization of the Bicyclic Pseudopterosin Diterpene Cyclase Product from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae

Abstract The intermediate representing the first committed step in the pseudopterosin biosynthetic pathway has been discovered using a radioactivity-guided isolation. This diterpene cyclase product was identified from a cell-free extract of the marine soft coral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, which was incubated with 3H-geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Structural studies of the compound have revealed an unexpected bicyclic skeleton suggesting that the pseudopterosins are related to the seco-pseudopterosins through a common bicyclic intermediate. In addition, the intermediacy of this metabolite in pseudopterosin biosynthesis has been confirmed utilizing a cell-free extract of P. elisabethae.
The Other Side of School Violence: Educator Policies and Practices That May Contribute to Student Misbehavior

Abstract Student aggression against peers, school staff, and property is a popular topic in the media and a great concern of the public. However, analysis of crime statistics suggests the problem of school violence is vastly overstated. This results in reliance on inappropriate or inadequate policies aimed at preventing and remediating problems. Further, there is a side of school violence that receives relatively little attention. Victimization of students by teachers, administrators, and other school staff, most often in the name of discipline, is seldom recognized for its potential to contribute to student misbehavior, alienation, and aggression. Included in this type of victimization are recently introduced, intrusive, and sometimes abusive, law enforcement procedures, such as strip searches and the use of undercover agents; and historically accepted or tolerated disciplinary procedures, such as corporal punishment, still allowed in 23 states, and teachers’ verbalizations that constitute psychological maltreatment. How these practices may contribute to school violence is documented in survey data, anecdotal evidence, and clinical studies. School psychologists should become more involved in prevention programs and in the implementation of a suggested research agenda.
Self-assembled metal nanocluster metamaterials

A bottom-up approach based on template-directed colloidal self-assembly was used for fabricating metal nanocluster based matematerials and their optical properties were studied experimentally. Negative index material composed of nanoclusters and metal wires was numerically demonstrated.
Study on the agricultural knowledge representation model based on fuzzy production rules

The broad knowledge source in the agricultural field causes many problems such as poor knowledge structure, fuzzy and uncertain representation of objective phenomena, which requires that, in the agricultural intelligent system, the knowledge representation and processing pattern could reflect this kind of uncertainty or fuzziness. The representation and reasoning capability of traditional production rules, however, is somewhat insufficient in the representation of knowledge uncertainty or fuzziness. In order to overcome the foregoing insufficiency, the weighed fuzzy logic production rule was put forward to characterize the uncertainty or fuzzy knowledge; the descriptive method of fuzzy production rules was proposed based on BNF, finally, the feasibility and validity of fuzzy production rules on the representation of the uncertain and fuzzy agricultural knowledge was tested with the implemented instance of wheat expert system.
Fallacies of last observation carried forward analyses.

Background:Last observation carried forward is a common statistical approach to the analysis of longitudinal repeated measures data where some follow-up observations may be missing. In a last observation carried forward analysis, a missing follow-up visit value is replaced by (imputed as) that subject’s previously observed value, that is, the last observation is carried forward. The combination of the observed and imputed data is then analyzed as though there were no missing data.Purpose:There have been numerous statistical demonstrations of faults of this approach. In 2012, the National Research Council’s Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials issued a report that raised concerns with the use of last observation carried forward and described alternative methods that offer greater statistical validity. Nevertheless, the method persists, and its use is rampant. A search of the key word “last observation carried forward” using Google Scholar yielded “about 2480” published citations during 2014 al...
Dihydrotestosterone attenuates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and cyclooxygenase-2 in cerebral arteries during hypoxia or hypoxia with glucose deprivation

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) attenuates cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in coronary vascular smooth muscle. Since hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation can lead to COX-2 production...
Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Related Movement Disorders.

cl in ic s. co m This issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics highlights the current understanding of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED), sleep bruxism, leg cramps, and hypnic jerks—all part of sleep-related movement disorders. These pathologic entities are characterized by simple, usually stereotyped movements that interfere with the ability to achieve or maintain sleep. As such, their diagnosis and management may fall between the cracks of specializedmedicine. Frequently, patients transition between primary care, neurology or movement specialists, and sleep medicine and pain specialists. These transitions prolong the time elapsed between the initial symptoms and the diagnosis, sometimes up to 12 years, as mentioned in the article by Simakajornboon, Dye, andWalters onRLS/WEDandgrowingpains in children and adolescents. RLS is included with sleep-related movement disorders but might be also considered as an exception to this category. RLS is not diagnosed during sleep, but it can affect sleep. The patient typically engages in walking or nonstereotyped movements to ease the urge to move the legs, arms, or other body parts. The name itself has been an issue of debate lately. Karl-Axel Ekbom coined the expression of restless legs in his doctoral thesis in 1945 when he described the movement disorder as we know it today. However, arms or other body partsmay presentwith similar symptoms. Therefore, even though the symptoms typically start in the legs, it is not all
Highly Simplified Ultrashort-Pulse Measurement

A thick nonlinear crystal can replace the usual thin crystal and spectrometer, and a Fresnel biprism can replace the beam splitter and delay line, yielding a remarkably simple single-snot ultrashort-pulse intensity-and-phase measurement device with no sensitive alignment parameters and significantly greater sensitivity.
Cultural Identity and Local Self-Government A Study of Liu Yizheng's History of Chinese Culture

Until recently, the study of Chinese historical writings of the 1920s and 1930s has centered on “the May Fourth approach to history,” especially the Doubting Antiquity Movement (yigu yundong) led by Gu Jiegang. By privileging their historical writings as modern or progressive and labeling their opponents’ as traditional or regressive, we fail to see the full scope of the modern Chinese historical debate and overlook its social and political underpinnings. In this article, based on a close reading of History of Chinese Culture (Zhongguo wenhua shi) of Liu Yizheng (1880-1956), the author seeks to contextualize the historical debate in terms of the political and social change in post-1911 China. Written in the early 1920s when intellectuals still could express different views of the nation without the fear of state censorship, Liu’s History of Chinese Culture gave renewed emphasis to local self-government, thereby challenging the expansion of the state.
Concise Review: Immunologic Lessons From Solid Organ Transplantation for Stem Cell-Based Therapies

Clinical organ transplantation became possible only after powerful immunosuppressive drugs became available to suppress the alloimmune response. After decades of solid organ transplantation, organ rejection is still a major challenge. However, significant insight into allorecognition has emerged from this vast experience and should be used to inform future stem cell-based therapies. For this reason, we review the current understanding of selected topics in transplant immunology that have not been prominent in the stem cell literature, including immune responses to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, natural killer cells, the adaptive immune response, some unresolved issues in T-cell allorecognition, costimulatory molecules, and the anticipated role of regulatory T cells in graft tolerance.
Bacterial flagella assisted propulsion of patterned latex particles: Effect of particle size

Molecular motors are compact, efficient and sophisticated micro-/nanoscale actuators. However, the process of isolating molecular motors from microorganisms has a low yield; moreover, providing the isolated motors with energy as well as controlling them is very challenging. We have previously demonstrated that flagellar motors within the intact cells of Peritrichous bacteria can be used for controlled propulsion of 10 mum polystyrene beads. In pervious experiments, bacteria were randomly attached over the entire surface of the microbeads. In this work, the microbeads are patterned in order to control the location of bacterial attachment and enhance the efficiency of the propulsion and the directionality of the motion. It is shown that patterned beads are significantly more efficient, yielding nearly the same speed as unpatterned beads for half the number of attached bacteria. More importantly the directionality of the motion is improved by approximately 25%. Furthermore, the effect of microbead size on the attachment density and consequently the propulsion force is investigated.
Brief paper: Reliable stabilization with integral action in decentralized control systems

Reliable stabilization with integral action is studied in a linear, time-invariant, multi-input, multi-output, two-channel decentralized control system, where the plant is stable. The objective is to achieve closed-loop stability when both controllers act together and when each controller acts alone. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for existence of block-diagonal decentralized controllers that ensure reliable stabilization, and integral action and all such decentralized controllers are parametrized. Explicit controller design approaches are discussed for the case of square channels.
Combined Topical and Subconjunctival Anesthesia in Cataract Surgery

A combined technique of topical anesthesia (TA) and subconjunctival anesthesia (SCA) was used in 73 consecutive patients undergoing scleral tunnel phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Medical records were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperative, and postoperatively. A patient questionnaire was used to obtain subjective intraoperative and postoperative information. Preoperative and intraoperative sedation of varying degrees was necessary. Ninety-five percent of the patients reported no pain. No patients required additional retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia. The most frequent postoperative problems were pain, a need for patching, and headache. The combined TA and SCA technique appeared safe, medically acceptable, and cost-effective
Mutilating injuries of the hand.

Initial operative care of mutilating injuries is discussed as well as reconstructive procedures for partial hand amputees, including digital transposition and bone grafting. Language: en
Retrospective Analysis of China Medical Resources and Resource Utilization

Objective:To retrospectively analyze 10 years Chinese medical resources,to provide useful reference for the new medical reform.Method:Using literature study,investigation,data analysis.Result:In the last 10 years,China registered medical institutions(excluding village hygiene room) did not change much,but the hospital increases rapidly,especially the two level and above hospital;medical service utilization increased more quickly,and "difficult to see doctors" problem wasn’t solved.Conclusion:Comprehensive measures must be taken to ease difficulties in medical care.Not only some preventive measures for chronic disease should be preliminarily conducted to control or reduce the rapid increase in prevalence in residents,but also need to adjust the structure of medical resources,to improve the efficiency of medical resources,tape the potentialities of basic medical health resources,form composition force,in order to contribute more to the realization of the goal of the new medical reform.
Research on Mineralogical Characteristics of High-iron Bauxite in Guigang of Guangxi

Geological characteristics of ore bed,ore composition,mineral composition and mineral disseminated relationship of high-iron bauxite in Guigang were researched in detail.The results showed that the structure of ore bed was simple and easily mined.The ore,which contained Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of 65%,TiO2 of 1.48%,Ga of 0.005% ~0.027%,and A/S of 1.2~2.5,belonged to high-iron and lateritic bauxite with low alumina-silica ratio.XRD and SEM- EDS analysis showed that ore composition mainly was gibbsite,diaspore,hematite,goethite,a little of anatase,free quartz and so on.Iron minerals,aluminum minerals and silicon minerals were firmly combined together as fine particles,with a spot of anatase and nepheline.
Absence of amino acid incorporation into antibody during the induction period.

Remarkably little attention has been paid to the nature of the induction period in the current hypotheses of antibody formation. The one direct study of antibody synthesis during the induction period known to us is that of Green and Anker (1954). These authors first showed that the antibody concentration of carboxyl labeled C'4-glycine depended upon the isotope concentration of the nonprotein glycine rather than upon the isotope glycine in the serum proteins. They then administered amino acids labeled with different iso-
Hypogastric Plexus Block and Neurolysis

The treatment of lower abdominal and pelvic visceral pain can be challenging for the pain management practitioner. Prior to 1990, treatment consisted of medication and sometimes highly invasive neurosurgical procedures. Plancarte and colleagues first reported the successful treatment of malignant pelvic pain in 1990 with blockade of the superior hypogastric plexus. The superior hypogastric plexus is a retroperitoneal structure located near the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and contains visceral, sympathetic, and parasympathetic efferents as well as parasympathetic and visceral afferents to pelvic structures. Indications are benign and malignant pain of the lower abdominal and pelvic visceral organs. Appropriate pre-procedure planning should include review of radiological films and concurrent medication to increase efficacy and decrease the incidence of complications. Different approaches to the superior hypogastric plexus block have been described and the choice of technique depends on anatomy and the practitioner’s experience with minimally invasive procedures. Blockade of the inferior hypogastric plexus has also been described. Analgesia and reduction of opiate dosage have been reported in the literature.
Your best unit

Back in the Old Country, a practice among Jews who had lost a loved one was to light a candle on the "jahrzeit" or anniversary of their death. The candle was supposed to burn for 24 hours, and was placed in a holder called a "jahrzeit glass". Such items were never thrown away – inexpensive glass is a modern technology – and families kept theirs, often reusing them as drinking cups. The practice continued in the New World. In the title story of Philip Roth's first book, Goodbye Columbus, the protagonist recalls his grandmother drinking "hot tea from an old jahrzeit glass", an effective detail in conjuring up a transplanted ancestor.
Chronobiological types, duration of sleeping and psycho-emotional condition of teenagers.

Sleep is a biological process that operates according to day and night cycles. This self-regulatory system is universal in all organisms, including humans and mammals. For this reason, the topic is widely analysed in the existing literature; however, no studies about chronobiological types of teenagers have been conducted in Lithuania before. 253 schoolchildren, 13 to 18 years of age, were surveyed in schools of Vilnius and Panevėžys, Lithuania. Responses were gathered during the period from September 2013 to February 2014. The survey consists of four parts: demographical data, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, PedsQL 4.0 survey of life quality, and HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey. In total, 115 (45.5%) boys and 138 (54.5%) girls participated in the survey. On average, boys sleep 7.10 (±1.27) hours, compared to 6.79 (±1.20) (p = 0.05) hours for girls. 94 (37.2%) survey participants feel sleepy and/ or very sleepy at school. 133 (52.6%) respondents find it difficult/very difficult to wake up in the morning. 218 (86.2%) respondents use the computer before going to sleep: 96 (83.5%) boys and 122 (88.4%) girls. Based on a subjective evaluation, 187 (73.9%) respondents categorize themselves as the evening type and 66 (26.1%) as the morning type. 13 (5.1%) respondents exhibit symptoms of depression. The majority of the respondents categorize themselves as evening/ middle chronotypes. The average duration of sleep is 6.93 (±1.24) hours. 86.2% of the respondents use the computer before going to sleep. Half of the children may have difficulties waking up in the morning. One out of three children feels sleepy at school.
Glucose inhibits cellular ascorbic acid uptake by fibroblasts in vitro

It has been suggested earlier that the local deficiency of ascorbic acid in tissues could be responsible for development of various angiopathies in diabetes. Hyperglycemia is one of the factors which could contribute considerably to the development of local ascorbic acid deficiency. Therefore, the effect of glucose on uptake of L-[1-14C] ascorbic acid by fibroblasts was studied in vitro. The data clearly show that ascorbic acid uptake is inhibited instantly by glucose in a concentration dependent fashion. The results support the contention that local ascorbic acid deficiency in tissues could be a natural consequence of hyperglycemia of whatever cause. The rate of ascorbic acid uptake under various conditions suggests that additional supplements of ascorbic acid might be helpful to individuals in averting deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on tissue ascorbic acid supply.
Reseña de Prosperi, Adriano, «La vocazione: storie di gesuiti tra cinquecento e seicento», Torino, Einaudi, 2016, 272 pp., ISBN 978-8-858422-55-7

Resena de Prosperi, Adriano, La vocazione: storie di gesuiti tra cinquecento e seicento , Torino, Einaudi, 2016, 272 pp., ISBN 978-8-858422-55-7