cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved Multimodal Deep Learning with Variation of Information

Deep learning has been successfully applied to multimodal representation learning problems, with a common strategy to learning joint representations that are shared across multiple modalities on top of layers of modality-specific networks. Nonetheless, there still remains a question how to learn a good association between data modalities; in particular, a good generative model of multimodal data should be able to reason about missing data modality given the rest of data modalities. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal representation learning framework that explicitly aims this goal. Rather than learning with maximum likelihood, we train the model to minimize the variation of information. We provide a theoretical insight why the proposed learning objective is sufficient to estimate the data-generating joint distribution of multimodal data. We apply our method to restricted Boltzmann machines and introduce learning methods based on contrastive divergence and multi-prediction training. In addition, we extend to deep networks with recurrent encoding structure to finetune the whole network. In experiments, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art visual recognition performance on MIR-Flickr database and PASCAL VOC 2007 database with and without text features.
Long-Range Coherency Strain and Tilted Ipitaxy in Ag-Fe-Ag Sandwich Structures on Gaas(001) Substrates

We find that epitaxial Fe films sandwiched between epitaxial Ag films grown on GaAs (001) substrates possess residual coherency strain at a thickness of 2000A. The [001] directions of the Fe and Ag films are tilted with respect to the GaAs [001] axis. The tilts are coplanar with the tilt of the substrate surface normal to the [001] axis of GaAs and are qualitatively consistent with a recently proposed modol for tilted epitaxy.
The Evolution of Agricultural Interest Groups in Argentina

Argentina's history has been profoundly influenced by the development of its agriculture. It was through the exportation of beef and grain that the country experienced spectacular economic growth between 1880 and 1930. Historically, agricultural and agro-industrial production have made up between 70 and 80% of export earnings.1 As a consequence, the sector's dominant interest group during that period, the Argentine Rural Society (Sociedad Rural Argentina – SRA) acquired enormous economic power, which led to political clout as many of its members went on to become presidents of the republic and to staff the most important ministries. Because of the political influence so attained the SRA was soon referred to as one of the key factores de poder, or power holders, along with the military, the Church and, later on, labour. This hegemony came to an end in the mid-1940s when industrialisation replaced agriculture as the main contributor to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and when Peronism removed the landowning elite from control of the levers of power. The agricultural sector continued to take a backseat among the priorities of most of the administrations following Peron's downfall in 1955, because the future of Argentina was perceived to rest upon the promotion of import substitution industrialisation. Agricultural interest groups were never again able to gain the same kind of access to economic policy-making as they had once enjoyed. To make matters worse, the whole rural sector was forced to finance the state-led industrialisation process through a variety of direct and indirect government taxes.
Body Area Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities

Body area sensors can enable novel applications in and beyond healthcare, but research must address obstacles such as size, cost, compatibility, and perceived value before networks that use such sensors can become widespread.
Deviance and Conflict in Small Group Decision Making: An Exploratory Study

This study looked at deviance and conflict in small group decision making. Six types of behavior and circumstances that may lead to perceptions of deviance were observed: lack of participation, per...
jRapture: A Capture/Replay tool for observation-based testing

We describe the design of jRapture: a tool for capturing and replaying Java program executions in the field. jRapture works with Java binaries (byte code) and any compliant implementation of the Java virtual machine. It employs a lightweight, transparent capture process that permits unobtrusive capture of a Java programs executions. jRapture captures interactions between a Java program and the system, including GUI, file, and console inputs, among other types, and on replay it presents each thread with exactly the same input sequence it saw during capture. In addition, jRapture has a profiling interface that permits a Java program to be instrumented for profiling o after its executions have been captured. Using an XML-based profiling specification language a tester can specify various forms of profiling to be carried out during replay.
Role of the oocyte nucleus in physiological maturation in Rana pipiens.

Abstract The events of maturation (germinal vesicle dissolution and meiosis to the second metaphase) have been induced with progesterone in vitro in full-grown oocytes dissected from their ovarian follicles. Oocytes from which germinal vesicles (GV) were removed prior to progesterone exposure were subsequently tested for the capacity to be artificially activated, cleave, and synthesize control levels of protein. The enucleated eggs responded to an activation stimulus when tested about 48 hours after a 1-hour exposure to progesterone. This positive response included breakdown of the cortical granules, elevation of the vitelline membrane, rotation within the perivitelline space, increase in egg turgidity, and changes in the appearance of the egg surface. Removal of the egg vitelline membrane and any adherent follicle cells with pronase, prior to progesterone exposure, did not prevent enucleated eggs from undergoing activation; the sole criterion in this case was breakdown of the cortical granules. Many of the enucleated, activated eggs displayed abortive cleavages. Enucleated eggs lacking GV material in their cytoplasm were incapable of genuine cleavage when tested by nuclear transplantation. This restriction was partially removed by injecting GV material back into the enucleated progesterone-stimulated eggs. Donor GV material from non-hormone-treated eggs was essentially as effective in this respect as GV material from progesterone-stimulated eggs. Incubation of oocytes with actinomycin D at concentrations as high as 50 μg/ml had no effect in progesterone-induced maturation. Likewise, injection of actinomycin D directly into oocytes did not prevent progesterone-induced maturation. Puromycin, on the other hand, suppressed all stages of maturation. These results suggest that maturation does not require concomitant DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, but that protein synthesis is obligatory for all stages of maturation. Protein synthesis was measured in eggs enucleated prior to progesterone exposure and at several times after the hormone stimulation. The rate of protein synthesis during the entire period of maturation was essentially identical in enucleated eggs and their nucleated controls. The rate was initially low, increased only after progesterone exposure, reached a maximum level about when nucleated controls gave off their first polar bodies, and the elevated rate was maintained for at least a day after nucleated controls were first capable of being fertilized. Based on these experiments, we conclude that the mixing of GV material with the egg cytoplasm is not a prerequisite to attaining the capacity to undergo artificial activation or to synthesize protein, but is required for the enucleated eggs to cleave. We further suggest that the site of action of progesterone in inducing maturation is extranuclear, possibly at the egg surface.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with increased sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement sleep in women referred for polysomnography.

Summary Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalographic waveforms that may play functionally significant roles in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, cortical development, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Circumstantial evidence has connected endogenous progesterone and its metabolites to the production of sleep spindles; however, the effects of exogenous progestins on sleep spindles have not been described in women. We examined differences in sleep spindle frequency and morphology in a clinical sample of women ( n = 21) referred for polysomnography taking depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), relative to a matched comparison group. Consistent with our hypotheses, women taking MPA demonstrated significantly higher sleep spindle density and maximal amplitude relative to comparison patients. Our results suggest that progestins potentiate the generation of sleep spindles, which may have significant implications for research that examines the role of these waveforms in learning, development, and mental illness.
An unusual case of Miller Fisher syndrome presenting with proptosis and chemosis.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a rare variant of Guillan-Barre syndrome, is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. In addition to this classic triad, symptoms may include bulbar palsy, weakness, and sensory loss. The anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is a sensitive and specific marker for MFS; it is found in more than 90% of affected patients. We describe an unusual case of MFS that presented with dramatic bilateral proptosis and chemosis.
Neighborhood effects and trial on the internet: Evidence from online grocery retailing

For traditional retailers the customer pool is largely bounded in space, whereas an Internet retailer can obtain customers from a wide geographical area. We examine customer trials at Netgrocer.com, and drawing on studies in marketing and economics conjecture that exposure spatially to proximate others (through direct social interaction or observation), can influence decisions of those who have yet to try. Trials arise from utility-maximizing behavior and the model is estimated as a discrete time hazard. The data span: (1) 29,701 residential zip codes, (2) 45 months of transactions since inception, and (3) zip code contiguity relationships. The estimated neighborhood effect is significantly positive and economically meaningful.
Fetal and neonatal presentation of OEIS complex

OEIS complex is a rare entity comprising a combination of omphalocele, exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. We present a case that demonstrates the imaging features of OEIS complex, which also has the rare diagnosis of a terminal myelocystocele, across multiple imaging modalities both prenatally and postnatally. A prenatal diagnosis of OEIS complex allowed for appropriate planned multidisciplinary management of this patient.
A Quick Test Predicts Acute Coronary Events

Inflammation of the coronary arterial wall plays a major role in atherosclerosis and ultimately thrombosis by contributing to vascular constriction, spasm, and thrombus formation. Measurement of hs-CRP level is a readily available laboratory blood test that serves as a gauge of coronary plaque inflammation. As a result, hs-CRP has become a very useful biological marker for predicting the risk of acute coronary events and for making decisions regarding treatment. It is important to recognize that lipid-lowering therapy decreases plaque inflammation and slows the progression of calcium buildup in the coronary arteries, which is readily verified by reduction in hs-CRP levels. Endothelial dysfunction is a product of plaque inflammation and as such can predict acute CV events. Endothelial function can be assessed during cardiac catheterization by measuring the vasoactive response to pharmacological or physiological stress. However, the routine use of cardiac catheterization to measure drug-induced coronary vasoactivity can have potential adverse effects in patients with unstable coronary disease. Time and costs can also be additional constraints in the routine use of this procedure. Consequently the simple and readily available hs-CRP test is accurate and preferable.
Understanding Genetics and Pediatric Cardiac Health.

Purpose Congenital heart defects (CHD) continue to be the most prevalent birth defect that occurs worldwide in approximately 6–8 of every 1,000 live births. High rates of morbidity and mortality in infants, children, and adults living with CHD place a growing need for health care professionals (HCPs) to better understand potentially modifiable genetic and environmental influences. This paper will present examples of research and governmental initiatives that support genetics education and research and a review of known genetic factors associated with CHD development. Organizing Construct A review of the known genetic factors on risk for CHD formation in infants will be provided to help health care professionals gain a greater understanding of the genetic influences on pediatric cardiac health. Conclusions There are known genetic pathways and risk factors that contribute to development of CHD. This paper is a primer for nurses and HCPs providing information of the genetics and inheritance patterns of CHD to be useful in daily clinical practice. Clinical Relevance Nurses work in multiple communities where they are uniquely positioned to educate and provide information about research and current models of care with families affected by CHD. Nurses and HCPs who better understand genetic risk factors associated with CHD development can more promptly refer and offer treatment for these children and families thus providing individuals of childbearing age with the necessary resources and information about risk factors.
Systemic administration of the apocarotenoid bixin protects skin against solar UV-induced damage through activation of NRF2

Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in skin photodamage and carcinogenesis, and an urgent need exists for improved molecular photoprotective strategies different from (or synergistic with) photon absorption. Recent studies suggest a photoprotective role of cutaneous gene expression orchestrated by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2). Here we have explored the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid-based systemic skin photoprotection in SKH-1 mice and provide genetic evidence that photoprotection achieved by the FDA-approved apocarotenoid and food additive bixin depends on NRF2 activation. Bixin activates NRF2 through the critical Cys-151 sensor residue in KEAP1, orchestrating a broad cytoprotective response in cultured human keratinocytes as revealed by antioxidant gene expression array analysis. Following dose optimization studies for cutaneous NRF2 activation by systemic administration of bixin, feasibility of bixin-based suppression of acute cutaneous photodamage from solar UV exposure was investigated in Nrf2(+/+) versus Nrf2(-/-) SKH-1 mice. Systemic administration of bixin suppressed skin photodamage, attenuating epidermal oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory responses in Nrf2(+/+) but not in Nrf2(-/-) mice, confirming the NRF2-dependence of bixin-based cytoprotection. Taken together, these data demonstrate feasibility of achieving NRF2-dependent cutaneous photoprotection by systemic administration of the apocarotenoid bixin, a natural food additive consumed worldwide.
A preventive health orientation in safety belt and child safety seat use

On s'interesse a des programmes et a des methodes d'education comme methode preventive des accidents de la circulation routiere
STUDY AND MAPPING OF LAND USE FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN AGRICULTURAL MONITORING

A series of soil and agricultural land-use monitoring activities planned and carried out under the auspices of a local branch of the recently formed State Agro-industrial Committee is outlined. A general discussion of the place of agricultural monitoring within the overall system of environmental monitoring is followed by detailed examples of the use of space photography in preparation of photomapbases of local-level land use maps and in the compilation of the thematic detail of related agricultural maps. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 1, pp. 145-149.
Identification and Characteristics of Low-Risk Survivors of an Acute Myocardial Infarction

There are limited contemporary data available describing the characteristics of patients who neither died nor were readmitted to the hospital during the first year after hospital discharge for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in comparison with those who died and/or were readmitted to the hospital during this high-risk period. Residents of the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area discharged after an AMI from 3 central Massachusetts hospitals on a biennial basis from 2001 to 2011 comprised the study population. The average age of this population (n = 4,268) was 69 years, 62% were men, and 92% were white. From 2001 to 2011, 43.5% of patients were classified as low-risk survivors of an AMI, 12.3% died, and 44.2% did not die but had at least 1 rehospitalization during the subsequent year. The proportion of low-risk survivors increased from 42.6% to 46.4%, whereas the proportion of those who died within a year after hospital discharge decreased from 14.3% to 10.5%, respectively, during the years under study. After adjusting for several patient characteristics, younger (≤65 years) persons, men, those who were married, those who did not present with multimorbidities, and patients who did not develop in-hospital clinical complications were more likely to be classified as a low-risk AMI survivor. Identifying low-risk survivors of an AMI may help health care providers to focus more intensive efforts and interventions on those at higher risk for dying and/or being readmitted to the hospital during the postdischarge transition period after an AMI.
The Role of Communication Competence in Buffering Against the Negative Effects of Alcohol-Related Social Networking Site Usage

College students’ alcohol-related social networking site (SNS) usage is associated with alcohol problems; however, individual factors that increase this risk are less understood. We posit the degree to which students experience alcohol problems related to their SNS usage hinges upon how skillfully they manage their communication on SNS. As such, we focus on how SNS competence predicts students’ SNS usage and subsequent alcohol problems. We analyzed data collected from 364 undergraduate students and found support for SNS competence serving a moderating role between alcohol-related SNS behavior and alcohol problems. SNS competence—appropriateness in particular—buffers against the negative effects of alcohol-related SNS use. Our research offers several theoretical implications and practical applications for social media literacy-based drinking interventions.
Estimating the Economic Impact of Political Party Competition in the 1992 British Election

quences of government partisanship. major problem facing researchers who study the consequences of government partisanship is that it is difficult to ascertain the potential economic impact of governments which, because of election defeats, never existed. Consider, for instance, a Labour government in Britain in 1992, a Conservative government in 1997, or a Dole Administration in the United States. None of these governments actually took office, and, for obvious reasons, this impedes analysis of what effects they would have had on their respective national economies. Here, I present a methodology designed to estimate the economic impact that an election-losing party would have caused had it achieved office. I focus in particular on the 1992 British polity and demonstrate that campaign-period prices of London-based, publicly traded securities can be used to estimate what was expected to have happened in the British economy conditional on a 1992 Labour victory. The estimates show that a Labour government in 1992 was expected by British investors to have ushered in significantly higher interest rates and depressed stock markets compared to those witnessed under the victorious Conservative Party. These results imply that the Labour-Conservative disparity in 1992 was substantial and that, relative to the Conservative Party, Labour was truly left-wing. Prices of market-traded securities, ostensibly nonpolitical variables, can convey a great deal about political parties, electoral competition, and the consequences of government partisanship. Suppose, for example, that prices in London stock markets were unusually volatile during the 1992 British election campaign and that they jumped dramatically following polling day and the Conservative victory. According to the analytical ap-
Characterization of dissolved organic matter from a Greenland ice core by nanospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Nanospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was developed as a tool for examining the dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in ice cores, significantly reducing the sample volume required for extraction compared with previous studies. Using smaller sample volumes is important for resolving temporal changes in ice-core DOM. We demonstrate that a small volume of ice-core meltwater can be extracted and analyzed with sufficient mass spectral sensitivity to describe the molecular composition of the DOM. Two different solid-phase extraction resins (PPL and C18) were compared to examine potential fractionation of the DOM. Over 2500 unique molecular formulas isolated from two different Greenland ice-core samples, dated to approximately AD 1660 and AD 1360, were obtained from the analyses. Method and sensitivity improvements provide an opportunity for organic matter characterization at higher temporal resolution than our previous analyses afforded and allows for examination of ice cores containing low levels of organic carbon.
Operator Influence On Uxo Sensor Technologies

The primary objective of this test program was to quantitatively determine the level of influence that individual operators have on unexploded ordnance (UXO) sensors. This level of influence was first evaluated by observing the performance of expert and novice operators engaged in a blind search for a variety of UXO targets. Empirical data was collected for both novice and expert performance levels with a commercial handheld magnetometer. Data recorded was scored on traditional metrics such as probability of detection (Pd), false alarm rates (BAR), and time during the course of traversing a onethird acre test plot. This information was intended to provide insight into maximizing operator performance.
Beyond "T.B.D.": Understanding VA's Evaluation of a Former Servicemember's Benefit Eligibility Following Involuntary or Punitive Discharge from the Armed Forces

This article assists the reader in understanding the legal and practical impacts of less than fully honorable discharges.
Focus on . . . Default Investments and Section 404(C)

ERISA Section 404(c) protects retirement plan fiduciaries from liability for the consequences of investment decisions made by plan participants or beneficiaries. The DOL and PPA have expanded such protections. Related topics covered in this article include qualified default investment alternatives and automatic enrollment programs, blackout periods, mapping, and preemption.
Duration of Influenza Virus Shedding Among HIV-Infected Adults in the cART Era, 2010-2011.

Abstract The duration of influenza virus shedding in HIV-infected adults is unknown and could affect quarantine and treatment recommendations. Participants were monitored for influenza-like illness (ILI), defined as fever and cough or sore throat, using weekly telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Those with ILI were further evaluated at three HIV specialty clinics. For those with influenza, we collected nasopharyngeal washes every 3 days after the date of confirmed influenza infection for 21–28 days; specimens underwent reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture. Duration of influenza virus shedding was the interval from the date of onset (day 0) of ILI to the date of last culture-positive specimen. Characteristics were compared between patients with and without influenza using Fisher's exact test. We used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to examine factors that may have affected influenza virus shedding. From October 2010 to April 2011, we enrolled 961 participan...
Investigation on Health Status of Radiation Workers of 9 Medical Institutions in Ningxia

Objective To understand the health status of medical workers who exposed to radiated environment of low doses in long- term and to provide the basis for scientific management of occupational health surveillance.Methods To collect the radiation workers health check lists of 9 Medical Institutions in Yinchuan city and the physical examination results were analyzed.Results 96.5%radiation workers' the personal doses were less than 5 mSv of 9 medical institutions in Yinchuan city in 2014.compared with the personal doses of different radiation types the doses of the dose of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the diagnostic radiology group,nuclear medicine group and radiation therapy group;External irradiation dose among different service length group has no of staffs statistical significance.The abnormal rates of the index of blood routine,liver function and kidney function among different types have no statistical significance;In different service length group,the staffs of ≥20 years group's abnormal rates of white blood cell were significantly higher than other groups,10 years service group' s abnormal rates of ALT and AST were significantly higher than other those of groups.Conclusion Radiation workers external dose at a low level,long- term and low- dose ionizing radiation may have an adverse effect on the hematopoietic system and liver function of radiology staff.
Epidemiological Study on HBV Serum in Qidong,2011

OBJECTIVE To study the epidemic status of hepatitis B in different groups in Qidong,and evaluate the hepatitis B vaccine immunization effect,provide scientific basis for formulating control measures.METHODS Questionnaire survey was used to investigate different immunization strategies for the coverage of first hepatitis B vaccine immunization in time and the whole course vaccination rate,and detection of 1 ~59 year-old crowd carry rate of HBsAg and anti-HBs level.RESULTS The positive rate of 1~59 years old I different hepatitis B HBsAg 2.39%,hepatitis B anti-HBs positive rate was 35.79%,the hepatitis B vaccine immunization management period(1992—2001),the population coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine and first hepatitis B timely vaccine immunization rate was95.24%,69.05%,hepatitis B vaccine immunization period(after 2002) the crowd vaccination rate and timely rate of 99.67%,94.12%.CONCLUSION After the implementation of vaccination for newborns from 1992,HBsAg positive rate was decreased obviously,illustrate the hepatitis B vaccine has played a positive role in blocking HBV mother-to-child transmission,which is a significant effect.In 2002,hepatitis B vaccine immunization for children program,the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B first inoculation rate has been greatly improved,which has reached the "planning" proposed the target of 2006—2010 national hepatitis B prevention and control.
Not Just a Student Problem: Plagiarism in Aviation Academic Research

David Carl lson Abstract Plagiarism has long been a concern for educators. However, research literature has indicated that faculty and researchers have themselves conducted plagiarism at alarming rates. Further, there appears to be a large amount of research that has been recycled through egregious self-plagiarism. As aviation research becomes increasingly important to the field of study, it is critical that such research is of high quality, legitimate, and original. This descriptive study investigated the prevalence of plagiarism in aviation research published in five prominent, peer- reviewed research journals
Cardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Chipola Formation, Calhoun County, Florida

Fifteen species of cardiid bivalves are reported from the type area of the Chipola Formation in Calhoun County, Florida. These 15 species are assigned to nine genera and four subfamilies; one new subgenus, Trachycardium (Conilocardium) type species "Cardium (Trachycardium)" cestum Dall - and five new species: Acrosterigma (Vasticardium) hoerleorum, Papyridea miocica, Papyridea multicostula, Fragum tunicula, and Trigoniocardia (Americardia) decidua are described. More than 40,000 valves were examined during the study, with slightly more than one-third of these proving to be referrable to Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia) simrothi (Dall). This species together with Dinocardiurn chipolanum (Dall) and Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia?) burnsii (Dall) constitute almost three-fourths of the cardiid fauna. Variation in the distribution of some of the species poses problems, probably of ecologic nature, that at present cannot satisfactorily be resolved; others appear to be of possible time/ stratigraphic significance. Use of long-wave ultraviolet light has permitted the study of latent color patterns on a number of the species; these have been of much use in confirming their generic identification.
Assessing the Impact of the EQIP High Tunnel Initiative

This study evaluated the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS) Seasonal High Tunnel Initiative, or HTI, that the USDA expects to strengthen local and regional food production by increasing the availability of fresh, locally grown food. Goals of the HTI include improved plant and soil quality, reduced nutrient and pesticide run­off, and increased availability of fresh vegetables and fruits for local food markets. This study explored the farm-level impacts of production via high tunnels among Indiana farmers relying on the infrastructure. We identify characteristics of farmers who have obtained high tunnels through the cost-share program, to better understand the types of farm enterprises that are using the HTI to date and the effects that high tunnel implementa­tion may have on their farms’ economic success and contributions to locally sourced food systems. Overall, results indicate that high tunnel users are able to extend the growing season, improve their farm’s economic stability, and increase the quality and yield of their crops. Our survey also finds that those farmers who have self-funded all or a portion of their high tunnels report greater increases in their farm’s economic stability from investing in high tunnels than farmers relying on the NRCS funds for their high tunnels.
Violence Against Women

Text analysis of the transcripts of 26 calls made to a Chinese crisis hotline by victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) reporting thoughts or acts of self-harm abstracted information on victims’ patterns of self-harm and the relationship of their self-harm to IPV. Specific violent episodes often triggered self-harm. Victims considered self-harm a method for airing painful emotions caused by abuse or as a last resort to escape by dying when they saw no other options and were no longer able to endure the violence. We also elaborate on callers’ discussions of barriers to accessing support, sociocultural pressures to preserve “face” and family, and restrictive gender roles that contribute to their selfharm behaviors.
Augmented and Virtual Reality: Discovering Their Uses in Natural Science Classrooms and Beyond

Augmented and virtual reality continue to be trending topics in educational technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a workflow for creating augmented or virtual reality projects on a college campus. It will highlight an augmented reality sandbox project that was a collaboration between the Geology department, a science equipment technician, and Technology Services and provide a roadmap for future work involving these emerging technologies at Whitman College. The sandbox utilizes a gaming PC, short throw projector, Kinect camera, and a virtual reality toolkit developed by Oliver Kreylos at UC Davis to overlay dynamic topographic data onto a sand surface. We will discuss how this technology is currently being used in our Introduction to Geology labs and Science Outreach and how virtual and augmented reality can enhance instruction in the natural sciences.
Modulation of working memory load distinguishes individuals with and without balance impairments following mild traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Balance and gait deficits can persist after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet an understanding of the underlying neural mechanism remains limited. The purpose of this study...
Theorizing Race and Racism: Preliminary Reflections on the Medical Curriculum

The current political economic crisis in the United States places in sharp relief the tensions and contradictions of racial capitalism as it manifests materially in health care and in knowledge-producing practices. Despite nearly two decades of investment in research on racial inequality in disease, inequality persists. While the reasons for persistence of inequality are manifold, little attention has been directed to the role of medical education. Importantly, medical education has failed to foster critical theorizing on race and racism to illuminate the often-invisible ways in which race and racism shape biomedical knowledge and clinical practice. Medical students across the nation are advocating for more critical anti-racist education that centers the perspectives and knowledge of marginalized communities. This Article examines the contemporary resurgence in explicit forms of white supremacy in light of growing student activism and research that privileges notions of innate differences between races. It calls for a theoretical framework that draws on Critical Race Theory and the Black Radical Tradition to interrogate epistemological practices and advocacy initiatives in medical education.
Squadbox: A Tool To Combat Online Harassment Using Friendsourced Moderation

Communication platforms have struggled to provide effective tools for people facing harassment online. We conducted interviews with 18 recipients of online harassment to understand their strategies for coping, finding that they often resorted to asking friends for help. Inspired by these findings, we explore the feasibility of friendsourced moderation as a technique for combating online harassment. We present Squadbox, a tool to help recipients of email harassment coordinate a "squad" of friend moderators to shield and support them during attacks. Friend moderators intercept email from strangers and can reject, organize, and redirect emails, as well as collaborate on filters. Squadbox is designed to let its users implement highly customized workflows, as we found in interviews that harassment and preferences for mitigating it vary widely. We evaluated Squadbox on five pairs of friends in a field study, finding that participants could comfortably navigate around privacy and personalization concerns.
ENDING THE DOUBLE STANDARD: EQUAL RIGHTS FOR CHILDREN

The family, its internal relations and its place in society, is presently an object of great interest to American academia. Philosophers, too, for perhaps the first time, have taken it as a subject in its own right—rather than an incidental example within some more general investigation. This new and vigorous interest is not entirely a happy one, for the dominant theme of recent family studies is that the family is in trouble—perhaps in crisis. Even the most optimistic scholars are unwilling to say that everything is fine.
Free-Flying Systems

In addition to the internal hinge degrees of freedom, free-flying manipulators have 6 additional degrees of freedom associated with the overall location and orientation of the manipulator. These additional 6 degrees of freedom are normally assigned to the manipulator base-body. While the base-body link is typically chosen based on de-sign and use considerations, from a more general perspective, any one of the manip-ulator links can be designated as the base-body with equal validity. This freedom of choice, not available for ground manipulators, is responsible for a base-invariance symmetry possessed by free-flying manipulators [83, 148]. In this chapter, we use this symmetry to study free-flying manipulator dynamics.
Flying Clocks and the Sagnac Effect

IN their “flying clock” experiment1 Hafele and Keating observed an on-Earth directional dependence of the relativistic time dilation. I have argued2 that such a dependence is contrary to special relativity theory; the effect, however, is essentially one involving accelerated motion3 and my neglect of this fact invalidated my argument. None the less, locally the time effects on moving clocks may be regarded as special-relativistic (neglecting the altitude effect, which is not relevant for the present discussion); and the derivation of the effects was made by Hafele with the customary (1 − v2/c2)½ time-rate change factor4,5. A seeming inconsistency then still arises in considering the clocks from the Earth reference frame: if two similar clocks are moving on equatorial paths with equal speeds relative to the Earth, one westward and one eastward, they should have equal time rates and equal kinetic energies in the Earth system. Evidently, they do have equal energies, but not equal time rates. But if the Sagnac effect is taken into account in the synchronization of clocks in the Earth frame the contradiction disappears; one finds, rather, a further exemplar of consistency in the theory of relativity
Cannabinoid and nicotine exposure during adolescence induces sex-specific effects on anxiety- and reward-related behaviors during adulthood

Nicotine and cannabis use during adolescence has the potential to induce long lasting changes on affective and cognitive function. Here, we examined whether adolescent exposure to nicotine, the cannabinoid agonist WIN55-212,2 (WIN), or co-exposure to both would alter operant learning, locomotion, and anxiety- and reward-related behaviors in male and female mice during adulthood. Males exposed to a moderate dose of WIN (2 mg/kg) or co-exposed to nicotine and the moderate dose of WIN exhibited decreased anxiety-associated behaviors and increased cognitive flexibility, but did not differ in operant learning or generalized locomotion. In contrast, differences were not found among the females in these measures at the moderate WIN dose or in both sexes with exposure to a low WIN dose (0.2 mg/kg). Furthermore, a sex-dependent dissociative effect was found in natural reward consumption. Males exposed to the moderate dose of WIN or co-exposed to nicotine and the moderate dose of WIN demonstrated increased sucrose consumption. In contrast, females exposed to the moderate dose of WIN exhibited a decrease in sucrose consumption, which was ameliorated with co-administration of nicotine. Together, these novel findings demonstrate that adolescent exposure to cannabinoids in the presence or absence of nicotine results in altered affective and reward-related behaviors during adulthood.
An Evaluation of the Biologic Activity and Vitamin D Receptor Binding Affinity of the Photoisomers of Vitamin D3, Previtamin D3 and Their Hydroxylated Derivatives

During exposure to sunlight, the UVB portion of the solar spectrum (295-315 nm) photolyzes 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in epidermis to previtamin D3. Previtamin D3 then thermoisomerizes to vitamin D3 (1). Vitamin D3 is hydroxylated in the liver at C-25 to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], followed by hydroxylation at the C-lin kidneys to form 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the active form of vitamin D. However, further exposure to sunlight can photoisomerize previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 to a variety of photoproducts, including 5,6-trans-vitamin D3, tachysterol, and lumisterol (2,3). Since they are produced locally in the skin, their concentration could be very high. Among these photoproducts, tachysterol and 5,6-trans-vitamin D3 have a pseudo-1-a-hydroxyl structure due to the 180 degree rotation of the 3-hydroxyl group during the isomerization (Figure 1).
Endoscopic Management of Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Iatrogenic ureteral injury represents an uncommon, but significant, complication of gynecologic surgery. Endoscopy has typically played little to no role in the treatment of these injuries, which are traditionally managed with re-exploration or delayed repair. Delayed repair with temporary urinary diversion exposes the patient to significant morbidity. We present a case in which iatrogenic ureteral injury is managed definitively with endoscopy alone. Case Presentation: We present a 32-year-old female who developed a delayed postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean section, necessitating emergent hysterectomy. Postoperatively, there was concern for right ureteral injury. A computed tomography (CT) urogram was obtained showing right-sided hydronephrosis, but no obvious ureteral injury. After developing right flank pain, the patient was taken to the operating room for further evaluation. On semirigid ureteroscopy, a suture was identified within the lumen of the ureter and incised with the holmium laser, effectively treating the obstruction. At a 10-week follow-up, a renal ultrasound showed no hydronephrosis. At 8 months, the patient reports she is doing well with no flank pain. Conclusion: We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first published report in the United States of an iatrogenic ureteral ligation managed effectively in an acute postoperative setting with endoscopic holmium laser release, without balloon dilation, sparing the patient from delayed surgical intervention and the potentially associated morbidity. It is our belief that an initial retrograde pyelogram followed by a ureteroscopic evaluation should be performed as this allows for proper characterization of the injury, and may allow one to attempt definitive endoscopic management.
Carbon isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers from an endoevaporitic gypsum crust microbial mat reveals cycling of mineralized organic carbon.

Microbial mats that inhabit gypsum deposits in ponds at Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico, developed distinct pigmented horizons that provided an opportunity to examine the fixation and flow of carbon through a trophic structure and, in conjunction with previous phylogenetic analyses, to assess the diagenetic fates of molecular δ13 C biosignatures. The δ13 C values of individual biomarker lipids, total carbon, and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined for each of the following horizons: tan-orange (TO) at the surface, green (G), purple (P), and olive-black (OB) at the bottom. δ13 C of individual fatty acids from intact polar lipids (IPFA) in TO were similar to δ13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the overlying water column, indicating limited discrimination by cyanobacteria during CO2 fixation. δ13 CTOC of the underlying G was 3‰ greater than that of TO. The most δ13 C-depleted acetogenic lipids in the upper horizons were the cyanobacterial biomarkers C17 n-alkanes and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bishomohopanol was 4 to 7‰ enriched, relative to alkanes and intact polar fatty acids (IPFA), respectively. Acyclic C20 isoprenoids were depleted by 14‰ relative to bishomohopanol. Significantly, ∆[δ13 CTOC - δ13 C∑IPFA ] increased from 6.9‰ in TO to 14.7‰ in OB. This major trend might indicate that 13 C-enriched residual organic matter accumulated at depth. The permanently anoxic P horizon was dominated by anoxygenic phototrophs and sulfate-reducing bacteria. P hosted an active sulfur-dependent microbial community. IPFA and bishomohopanol were 13 C-depleted relative to upper crust by 7 and 4‰, respectively, and C20 isoprenoids were somewhat 13 C-enriched. Synthesis of alkanes in P was evidenced only by 13 C-depleted n-octadecane and 8-methylhexadecane. In OB, the marked increase of total inorganic carbon δ13 C (δ13 CTIC ) of >6‰ perhaps indicated terminal mineralization. This δ13 CTIC increase is consistent with degradation of the osmolyte glycine betaine by methylotrophic methanogens and loss of 13 C-depleted methane from the mat.
Attributes of Generators for Best Finite Blocklength Coset Wiretap Codes over Erasure Channels

The optimization of wiretap codes at finite block-length remains to date a challenging endeavor. We show that the equivocation ensured by coset coding over a binary erasure wiretap channel can be precisely calculated with only knowledge of the full-rank submatrices of the generator matrix. This simplification of the equivocation calculation results in significant computational savings when optimizing wiretap codes at finite blocklength.
Direct to implant breast reconstruction: visualized technique.

Over the past 19 years, direct to implant (DTI) breast reconstruction has been found to decrease medical system cost, improve psychosocial morbidity, and optimize cosmetic outcomes. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have further improved reconstructive outcomes, as the tissue incorporates with new angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. ADMs have been used by the senior author since 2000, and have since become a cornerstone of implant-based reconstruction. The senior author began using contoured perforated ready to use ADM in 2015 and is currently studying the effect of this change on breast reconstruction outcomes. This article details the senior author’s technique in performing DTI breast reconstruction and highlights the operative components necessary for success.
Educating African American Students : And How Are the Children?

Focused on preparing educators to teach African American students, this straightforward and teacher-friendly text features a careful balance of published scholarship, a framework for culturally relevant and critical pedagogy, research-based case studies of model teachers, and tested culturally relevant practical strategies and actionable steps teachers can adopt. Its premise is that teachers who understand Black culture as an asset rather than a liability and utilize teaching techniques that have been shown to work can and do have specific positive impacts on the educational experiences of African American children.
Clinical and genetic relationships between the QTc interval and risk of a stroke among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation

A prolonged QTc interval is associated with an increased risk of a stroke or atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its direct causal relationship with AF associated a stroke has not been proven yet. To examine whether QTc interval is causally linked with risk of stroke in AF patients, we used the Mendelian randomization analysis. Among 2742 patients (73.6% male; 58.2 ± 11.0 years old; 69.5% with paroxysmal AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation, we analyzed 1766 patients who had preablation sinus rhythm electrocardiograms off antiarrhythmic drugs after excluding amiodarone users. Among them, 1213 subjects had genome-wide association study dataset analyzable for the Mendelian randomization. We explored the mechanistic relationships between QTc interval (ms) and the risk of a stroke by analyzing the Mendelian randomization (1213 subjects) after reviewing 35 genetic polymorphisms associated with the QTc in 31 European descent studies. Among the patients in the higher quartile with a higher QTc, CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001), and age (p < 0.001), the proportions of a prior stroke (p < 0.001), females, heart failure, and persistent AF were significantly higher than in those in the lower quartile. The QTc was independently associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score (β, 4.63E−5; 95% confidence interval, 3.57E−6–8.90E−5; p = 0.034) and ischemic strokes (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.01; p = 0.027). However, there was no direct causal relationship between the QTc and CHA2DS2-VASc score or a prior stroke in either the one-sample or two-sample Mendelian randomizations. The QTc was independently associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score and strokes among the patients with AF who underwent catheter ablation, despite no genetically direct causal relationship.