cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Folate deficiency, methionine metabolism, and alcoholic liver disease ☆

Methionine metabolism is regulated by folate, and both folate deficiency and abnormal hepatic methionine metabolism are recognized features of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Previously, histological features of ALD were induced in castrated male micropigs fed diets containing ethanol at 40% of kilocalories for 12 months, whereas in male micropigs fed the same diets for 12 months abnormal methionine metabolism and hepatocellular apoptosis developed. Folate deficiency may promote the development of ALD by accentuating abnormal methionine metabolism. Intact male micropigs received eucaloric diets that were folate sufficient, folate deficient, or each containing 40% of kilocalories as ethanol for 14 weeks. Folate deficiency alone reduced hepatic folates by one half, and ethanol feeding alone reduced methionine synthase, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and glutathione (GSH) levels and elevated plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The combined regimen elevated plasma homocysteine, hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (oxy(8)dG), an index of DNA oxidation, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Terminal hepatic histopathologic characteristics included typical features of steatonecrosis and focal inflammation in pigs fed the combined diet, with no changes in the other groups. Hepatic SAM levels correlated with those of GSH, whereas urinary oxy(8)dG and plasma MDA levels correlated with the SAM:SAH ratio and to hepatic GSH. The results demonstrate the linkage of abnormal methionine metabolism to products of DNA and lipid oxidation and to liver injury. The finding of steatonecrosis and focal inflammation only in the combined diet group supports the suggestion that folate deficiency promotes and folate sufficiency protects against the early onset of methionine cycle-mediated ALD.
The Case for Subphonemic Attenuation in Inner Speech: Comment on Corley, Brocklehurst, and Moat (2011)

Corley, Brocklehurst, and Moat (2011) recently demonstrated a phonemic similarity effect for phono- logical errors in inner speech, claiming that it contradicted Oppenheim and Dellâ��s (2008) characterization of inner speech as lacking subphonemic detail (e.g., features). However, finding an effect in both inner and overt speech is not the same as finding equal effects in inner and overt speech. In this response, I demonstrate that Corley et al.â��s data are entirely consistent with the notion that inner speech lacks subphonemic detail and that each of their experiments exhibits a Similarity x Articulation interaction of about the same size that Oppenheim and Dell (2008, 2010) reported in their work. I further show that the major discrepancy between the labsâ�� data lies primarily in the magnitude of the main effect of phonemic similarity and the overall efficiency of error elicitation and demonstrate that greater similarity effects are associated with lower error rates. This leads to the conclusion that successful speech error research requires finding a sweet spot between "too much randomness" and "too little data."
Ultrasound Technologies for Biomaterials Fabrication and Imaging

Ultrasound is emerging as a powerful tool for developing biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Ultrasound technologies are finding wide-ranging, innovative applications for controlling the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds, as well as for imaging and quantitatively monitoring the properties of engineered constructs both during fabrication processes and post-implantation. This review provides an overview of the biomedical applications of ultrasound for imaging and therapy, a tutorial of the physical mechanisms through which ultrasound can interact with biomaterials, and examples of how ultrasound technologies are being developed and applied for biomaterials fabrication processes, non-invasive imaging, and quantitative characterization of bioengineered scaffolds in vitro and in vivo.
How does an axon grow

How do axons grow during development, and why do they fail to regrow when injured? In the complicated mesh of our nervous system, the axon is the information superhighway, carrying all of the data we use to sense our environment and carry out behaviors. To wire up our nervous system properly, neurons must elongate their axons during development to reach their targets. This is no simple task, however. The complex morphology of axons and dendrites puts neurons among the most intricate and beautiful cells in the body. Knowledge of how neurons extend axons and dendrites, elongate at a particular rate, and stop growing at the proper time is critical to understanding the development of our nervous system, yet the regulation of these processes is poorly understood. Considerable attention in recent years has focused on understanding how growth cones are guided and steered through complicated pathways (for review, see Schmidt and Hall 1998; Mueller 1999), and even how neurons initiate new processes (for review, see Da Silva and Dotti 2002), but what mechanisms are involved in elongation itself? Are environmental signals needed to drive axon growth and, if so, what are the intracellular molecular mechanisms by which they induce elongation? What controls the rate of axon growth? How do CNS neurons know whether to extend axons or dendrites? Is the signaling of axon versus dendrite growth attributable to different extracellular signals, different neuronal states, or both? All of these questions bear critically on our understanding of axon growth and here I review recent answers and approaches to the above questions, and highlight their relevance during development, injury, and disease. How does an axon grow? Axons are generally on the scale of 1 µm thick and some are more than 1 m long, making neurons the largest cells in the body by both volume and surface area. Sustaining such massive growth, however, requires the interplay of many factors—producing membrane and cytoplasmic elements in the proper proportions; shipping these building blocks to the right compartment and inserting them into the growing axon; and coordinating the timing of all of these with the growth cone’s moment-by-moment de
Synthesis and polarized Raman studies of rhombohedral LuOCl single crystals

The polarized Raman spectra of SmSI-type rhombohedral LuOCl were recorded at various polarization orientations. The polarized spectra were analyzed to determine the symmetry assignments of the Raman-active transitions. The Raman spectra of polycrystalline and single-crystal LuOCl are characterized by five features. Analysis of the intensity enhancements of the three lattice vibrations at 139, 272 and 496 cm−1 indicate an Eg symmetry, whereas those at 86, 139 and 473 cm−1 exhibit intensity enhancements which indicate an A1g symmetry.
Pulsatile patterns of gonadotropin release in subjects with and without ovarian function.

Minute-to-minute fluctuations of serum LH and FSH concentrations resembling a pulsatile pattern were demonstrated in both pre- and post-menopausal women. A pulsatile pattern of LH but not FSH was seen during the menstrual cycle. These appear to follow a varying frequency and magnitude according to the different phases of the cycle; a periodicity of 1–2 hr was seen during the early follicular phase, early luteal phase and midcycle surge while a periodicity of 4 hr was seen in the mid- and late-luteal phase. During the late follicular phase only “minor oscillations” were noted. A greater net increase of circulating LH was found in pulses during the midcycle surge which was more than double that seen during other phases of the cycle. In contrast, post-menopausal subjects had pulses of both gonadotropins. These were usually coincident, however, a minor asynchrony between LH and FSH patterns was discernible. The frequency of pulses in the postmenopausal subjects was the same as in the follicular phase and midc...
Medical Implications of Obesity in Horses—Lessons for Human Obesity:

There is growing recognition that obesity is common and represents a significant detriment to the health of companion animals in a manner similar to that by which it is affecting the human population. As is the case for other species, obesity appears to promote insulin resistance in horses and it is through this pathophysiological process that many of the adverse medical consequences of obesity are being characterized. Equine medical conditions that have been described in the context of obesity and insulin resistance differ from those in humans. Chronic human conditions that have been attributed to obesity and insulin resistance, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, are rarely described in obese horses. Significant current interest is centered on the recognition that insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of laminitis, a potentially severe and debilitating cause of lameness in the equine species. Other equine medical conditions that are more likely in obese, insulin-resistant individuals include hyperlipemia (hepatic lipidosis) and developmental orthopedic disease (osteochondrosis). Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (equine Cushing's syndrome) represents another common endocrinopathic condition of older horses associated with insulin resistance. This review presents an introductory overview of the present understanding of obesity and insulin resistance and how these conditions may be associated with disease conditions in horses.
Pathologic quiz case: A cystic mass in the cerebellopontine angle.

43-year-old white man sought medical attention because of right-sided facial numbness and recurrent bouts of headaches during the previous 1‰ years; these symptoms had worsened during the preceding 3 months. The patient reported no significant weight loss or decreased appetite. He was a chronic smoker of 33 packyears and had an elevated cholesterol level during the last 2 years. Apart from the hemifacial hypoesthesia, no other neurological deficit was elicited, and the remainder of the findings from the physical examination were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3-cm mass lesion located in the right cerebellopontine cistern; this mass exhibited low intensity with T1-weighted imaging and high intensity with T2-weighted imaging and did not enhance with contrast media (Figure 1, arrow). Transtemporal craniotomy and resection of the mass with decompression through retrosigmoid approach was performed. At surgery, the mass was noted to be cystic, thin-walled, and filled with mucuslike material. It was significantly adherent to several cranial nerves, including V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI, as well as to the basilar and both vertebral arteries. The content of the cyst was gutted out, and the capsule was stripped completely from the nerves and arteries. Several thin fragments of white to light brown soft tissue and soft flakelike brown material admixed with mucus with an aggregate measurement of 1.9 3 0.9 3 0.3 cm were received for pathologic examination. On microscopic examination, the lining of the cyst was composed of single to pseudostratified layers of tall columnar epithelium with foci of transition to nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells that rested on a thin collagenous basement membrane (Figure 2). The columnar cells displayed prominent apical ciliation with clear cytoplasm and basally situated regular nuclei (Figure 3). Neither cellular atypia nor mitosis was demonstrated. What is your diagnosis?
Borofloat and Starphire Float Glasses: A Comparison†,‡

Borofloat® borosilicate float glass and Starphire® soda-lime silicate float glass are used in transparent protective systems. They are known to respond differently in some ballistic and triaxial loading conditions, and efforts are underway to understand the causes of those differences. Toward that, a suite of test and material characterizations were completed in this study on both glasses so to identify what differences exist among them. Compositional, physical properties, elastic properties, flaw size distributions and concentrations, tensile/flexure strength, fracture toughness, spherical indentation and hardness, transmission electron microscopy, striae, high-pressure responses via diamond anvil cell testing, laser shock differences, and internal porosity were examined. Differences between these two float glasses were identified for many of these properties and characteristics, and the role of three (striae, high pressures where permanent densification can initiate, and submicrometer-sized porosity) lack understanding and deserve further attention. The contributing roles of any of those properties or characteristics to triaxial or ballistic loading responses are not definitive; however, they provide potential correlations that may lead to improved understanding and management of loading responses in glasses used in transparent protective systems.
Identification of dividing, determined sensory neuron precursors in the mammalian neural crest

Sensory and autonomic neurons of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system are derived from the neural crest. Here we use the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors as a means to identify neuronal subtypes that develop in rat neural crest cultures grown in a defined medium. Sensory neurons, identified by expression of the POU-domain transcription factor Brn-3.0, develop from dividing precursors that differentiate within 2 days following emigration from the neural tube. Most of these precursors generate sensory neurons even when challenged with BMP2, a factor that induces autonomic neurogenesis in many other cells in the explants. Moreover, BMP2 fails to prevent expression of the sensory-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors neurogenin1, neurogenin2 and neuroD, although it induces expression of the autonomic-specific bHLH factor MASH1 and the paired homeodomain factor Phox2a in other cells. These data suggest that there are mitotically active precursors in the mammalian neural crest that can generate sensory neurons even in the presence of a strong autonomic-inducing cue. Further characterization of the neurons generated from such precursors indicates that, under these culture conditions, they exhibit a proprioceptive and/or mechanosensory, but not nociceptive, phenotype. Such precursors may therefore correspond to a lineally (Frank, E. and Sanes, J. (1991) Development 111, 895-908) and genetically (Ma, Q., Fode, C., Guillemot, F. and Anderson, D. J. (1999) Genes Dev. 13, in press) distinct subset of early-differentiating precursors of large-diameter sensory neurons identified in vivo.
Review of the safety and efficacy of ustekinumab

Ustekinumab is a subcutaneously and intravenously administered fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG1) antibody targeting the interleukin (IL)-12/23 shared P40 subunit. The pivotal role of IL-12/23 inflammatory-mediated pathways is increasingly recognized in a plethora of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders including Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. In a randomized controlled trial of ustekinumab in moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease, clinical response was achieved most notably in infliximab-experienced primary and secondary nonresponders and suboptimal responders.
SUCCESSFUL NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE CLAIM FOR A COASTAL OIL SPIL1

ABSTRACT In September 1987 a consent order was signed providing a damage settlement of $1.2 million to the U.S. government and the States of Georgia and South Carolina for an oil spill at Savannah, Georgia. This settlement, which included funds for injuries to fish and wildlife resources at Savannah National Wildlife Refuge and adjoining areas in the lower Savannah River, was reached through a cooperative natural resource damage assessment using the U.S. Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment Regulations. This paper describes this first and successful implementation of the damage assessment regulations and provides guidance for their future use in support of natural resource damage claims.
Communities in Disasters: Helpless or Helping?

Development faces the challenge of an unexpected rise in disasters of all kinds. Prompted by two popular books about disasters (Klein 2007; Solnit 2009), we review the North American scholarly literature on disasters to answer three questions. Practically, how do local communities respond to disasters? Theoretically, what is the relationship between local social networks and disaster response/recovery? For policy, whom should we count on to carry this out? The primary finding is that communities, however devastated, are not helpless, but helping, and in particular stages. Outside social forces can help, but disregarding local networks and processes impedes disaster response/recovery.
Race, Place, and Risk Revisited A Perspective on the Emergence of a New Structural Paradigm

In 1990, our study of Black homicide in six cities over 25 years, Race, Place and Risk: Black Homicide in Urban America, was published. In the epilogue, the authors identified the emergence of a new phase of violent behavior occurring in low-income Black communities but were not able to identify its etiology. This article extends into the early to mid-1990s our earlier work on Black homicide in urban America. The authors focus on the 8-year interval, 1985 to 1993, after the publication of Race, Place and Risk. The factor that distinguishes homicides of the current period from those of our earlier period is that the age of both victimization and offending has moved downward. In an effort to identify the reasons for this downward shift, the authors examine victimization in 4 previous high-risk urban places (Atlanta, GA; Detroit, MI; St. Louis, MO; and Los Angeles, CA), and 4 newly emerged, high-risk centers (Washington, DC; New Orleans, LA; Milwaukee, WI; and Charlotte, NC). The authors suggest that the development of an oppositional culture among young Black males is an important element in accounting for the most recent upsurge in lethal victimizations in the nation's larger urban centers.
Nanoscratch-induced deformation behaviour in B4C particle reinforced ultrafine grained Al alloy composites: a novel diagnostic approach

We report on the novel application of nanoscratch characterization to provide insight into the plasticity mechanisms responsible for the behaviour of composites. Accordingly, we conduct deformation characterization with nanoscratch testing (DCNT) to study the deformation behaviour of two B4C reinforced ultrafine grained Al alloy tri-modal composites with average B4C particle sizes of ~1–6 μm and ~500 nm, respectively. To highlight the type of mechanistic information revealed in a DCNT study of composites, we concentrate on the influence of B4C particle size on deformation mechanisms.
Lien on Me: Virtual Debtors Prisons, the Practical Effects of Tax Liens and Proposals for Reform

This Article discusses the harm that a notice of federal tax lien can cause an individual as a result of the effect of filing a notice of federal tax lien has on an individual’s credit report. Recent evidence indicates that such filings are often made automatically, without consideration of the assets the individual possesses or whether the government is obtaining priority in anything through its filing. That is, in many cases the government may not be increasing the likelihood it will collect the already owed taxes and may even be decreasing the likelihood that the individual against which the notice of federal tax lien is filed will be able to become compliant with their current or future tax obligations. Even more troubling, if unpaid, such liens may remain on the individual’s credit report forever. This black mark may make it difficult or impossible for the individual to obtain better housing, employment, or otherwise improve their situation in ways that would permit the individual to return to a place in the system where they could positively contribute, as a taxpayer and as a productive member society. Alternatively, these individuals must become part of the underground economy or rely on the social safety net, draining other government resources.This Article concludes that a number of changes are required. First, notices of federal tax lien must not be issued without a consideration of whether they will increase the likelihood of collecting the tax liability. Second, the Internal Revenue Code must be changed to require a withdrawal of lien, which treats a notice of federal tax lien as having never been filed, after payment of the tax lien because of the changes in the ways that credit reports are used and the harm that can cause to the government and the individual. Finally, changes are needed to the Fair Credit Reporting Act to require that notices of federal tax lien be removed from an individual’s credit report after the same number of years after the lien becomes unenforceable as other debts because there is no sound policy reason for tax liens to be reported as negative items forever. Indeed such reporting is against both the government’s and individual’s interests.
Reactions at the Titanium-Silicon Interface Studied Using Hot-Stage Tem

The interaction of titanium thin films sputter-deposited onto single crystal silicon was studied by in situ heating experiments within the TEM. Reactions at the Ti-Si interface including amorphization, crystallization, allotropie phase transformations and agglomeration have been observed in real time and recorded on videotape. Interpretation of these recordings can yield a wealth of information on the silicidation process.
Former Spouse Ties and Postdivorce Relationship Quality: Relationship Effort as a Mediator

ABSTRACT One potential problem area in remarriages is problems with or ties to an ex-spouse. This study focuses on identifying factors central to the relationship dynamics such as relationship satisfaction and stability. Additional emphasis is placed on specific and targeted work in a relationship with the goal of improving it, and its potential mediating effect on any negative relationship between ex-spouse ties and low relationship quality. Using secondary data from the RELATionship Evaluation Survey (RELATE), a sample of 1,546 individuals in postdivorce romantic relationships was examined. The results indicate that unresolved issues and negative interactions with an ex-spouse are negatively associated with relationship quality, but effort to mediate this negative association shows promise. Practice recommendations include exploring how family service agencies and clinicians can better serve couples in postdivorce relationships. Further, a focus on the repartnered family system and a recognition of its ...
An interior-point reactive power optimization based on filter set

The interior-point filter algorithm(IPFA)is based on a primal-dual interior-point algorithm with a filter set which can be updated after every iteration.The filter replaces the use of merit functions,which can avoid the influence of penalty parameters on the convergence of algorithm and convergence speed in merit functions.And the filter set will update continuously after every iteration,ensuring that the iterates cannot return to the neighborhood of the previous iterate.Over all,these procedures ensure that the algorithm cannot cycle between two points that alternatively decrease the constraint violation and the barrier objective function.Using IPFA for power system reactive optimization a large number of inequality constraints in the objective function can be effectively dealt with.The simulation results from IEEE 30-bus system,IEEE 57-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system show that the proposed algorithm possesses good robustness and fast convergence.
Modelling the Interaction Between Racehorse Limb and Race Surface

Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries are the leading cause of racehorse fatalities and attrition. Race surface mechanics affect racehorse limb biomechanics, and therefore can affect musculoskeletal injuries. Installation of experimental race surfaces to determine their effect on racehorse limb kinematics is not financially feasible. Furthermore, field data collection is time consuming, labor intensive, and requires the use of live animals. Computational modelling provides an economical option to survey a wide range of surface mechanics and resulting effects on racehorse limb motions. This research aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated racehorse limb and race surface computational model. The interaction of a virtual galloping racehorse impacting virtual race surfaces was modelled in SIMM using combined forward/inverse dynamics. In vivo kinematic data were averaged to determine proximal forelimb, trunk, and hindlimb kinematic model profiles throughout gallop stance, as well as distal forelimb initial conditions. All distal forelimb joints and hoof translations were free to respond to external forces applied by the race surface model during stance. Race surface model coefficients were determined from previously measured race surface mechanics and forward dynamic simulations of a track-testing device. Simulation results were compared to distal forelimb motions of actual galloping racehorses on mechanically measured race surfaces. Model predicted kinematic profiles (metacarpophalangeal angle and hoof translations) had qualitative shapes and peak magnitudes within ranges of experimental data. Simulated peak metacarpophalangeal angle and hoof translations were within 11 degrees and 4 cm respectively. Future model applications include estimation of the effects of variation in race surface parameters on racehorse limb biomechanics.
Ofreciendo Terapia En El Idioma De Preferencia Del Cliente: El Modelo De Preparación Profesional Calificada En Dos Idiomas De Ollu

Providing therapy in a language other than the language in which therapists were trained is a complex and challenging task. Ethical dilemmas are created when therapists are asked to provide services in a second language and do not feel professionally competent to do so. If they do not work with the clients, services may be delayed or denied; however, if they do, they may be practicing outside of their area of competence. The Psychological Services for Spanish-Speaking Populations (PSSSP) program was developed to address this dilemma by increasing participants’ language and cultural competence when providing services in Spanish.. This chapter discusses dilemmas faced by mental health practitioners who offer services in more than one language, the development of the PSSSP program, and the current curriculum. Reflections from graduates of the program on their experiences during and after the PSSSP program highlight the effect of the program on graduates’ professional development.
The analytics of uncertainty and information: Information and informational decisions

In part I of this book, covering the economics of uncertainty , the key topics addressed were (1) individuals' optimizing “terminal” choices with regard to the bearing of risk, and (2) the market equilibrium determined by the aggregate of such individual decisions. In turning here in part II to the economics of information , we will similarly be considering issues on the individual and on the market levels of decision. On the individual level, the central question is: supposing you could get additional information before having to make a terminal decision, how ought you to decide whether and how much information to collect? On the market level, the main question is: what is the nature of the overall equilibrium that arises when some or all individuals undertake such “informational” actions? After some introductory discussions, the present chapter first analyzes individuals' decisions as to the acquisition of information. We then consider the informational choices of groups , since the necessity to act as a collectivity has significant consequences for the nature and amount of information desired. Later chapters take up the implications for market equilibrium. Information – some conceptual distinctions “Information” is a word with many meanings. Some of the distinctions to be brought out here will be useful in what follows. Information as knowledge versus information as news Information is sometimes taken to mean knowledge – an accumulated body of data or evidence about the world.
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Disease pathogenesis, laboratory monitoring and current treatment strategies

I thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially fatal disease that is due to platelet-von Willebrand Factor microthrombi in the circulation. The discovery of ADAMTS13, its role in cleaving unusually-large von Willebrand Factor multimers, and the detection of autoantibodies directed against this essential enzyme have reinforced the important roles of plasmapheresis and immunosuppression in patients with this critical illness. TTP disease pathogenesis, routine and novel laboratory markers for diagnosing and following patients with TTP, and up-to-date treatment strategies will be covered in this lecture. Jay S. Raval, J Blood Disord Transfus 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9864.S1.002
Accuracy Assessment of Methods for Predicting Dry Dock Block Reactions

The current state of the art in dry docking engineering prediction and analysis of block reactions is the widely used so-called Crandall's method. Unfortunately, Crandall's method, although simple to use, is highly simplified and can be quite inaccurate in some cases. In this paper the author summarizes work that was undertaken at the University of New Orleans and Northrop Grumman Ship Systems Avondale Operations (Taravella 2003) in order to investigate the use of more accurate although more complicated methods and then to compare these results to full-scale actual measured values from the Northrop Grumman Ship Systems' dry dock. Recommendations are then made regarding the selection of suitable methods for predicting block reactions accurately.
Averted body postures facilitate orienting of the eyes

Abstract It is well established that certain social cues, such as averted eye gaze, can automatically initiate the orienting of another's spatial attention. However, whether human posture can also reflexively cue spatial attention remains unclear. The present study directly investigated whether averted neutral postures reflexively cue the attention of observers in a normal population of college students. Similar to classic gaze-cuing paradigms, non-predictive averted posture stimuli were presented prior to the onset of a peripheral target stimulus at one of five SOAs (100 ms–500 ms). Participants were instructed to move their eyes to the target as fast as possible. Eye-tracking data revealed that participants were significantly faster in initiating saccades when the posture direction was congruent with the target stimulus. Since covert attention shifts precede overt shifts in an obligatory fashion, this suggests that directional postures reflexively orient the attention of others. In line with previous work on gaze-cueing, the congruency effect of posture cue was maximal at the 300 ms SOA. These results support the notion that a variety of social cues are used by the human visual system in determining the “direction of attention” of others, and also suggest that human body postures are salient stimuli capable of automatically shifting an observer's attention.
Use of Surrogate Pulse-response Matrix for the UDCL

ABSTRACT The universal dynamic contml law (UDCL) advocated by the author can achieve ODE-based control objectives without the need for detailed knowledge of the system itself. Thus it is very robust with respect to system uncertainties and unmodeled disturbances. The present paper shows, via an example, how to find a usable "surrogate pulse-response matrix" needed by this control law. Numerical simulations are presented. A brief discussion on design guidelines for sensors and actuators for easy UDCL implementation is also included.
A new broadcast wiretap channel model

A new broadcast wiretap channel (B-WTC) with a wiretapper who noiselessly taps into a fixed-length subset of the transmitted symbols of her choice, and observes the remainder through a noisy channel, is studied. An achievable strong secrecy rate region which extends Marton's inner bound to the proposed setting, is derived. Strong secrecy capacity regions for two classes of the new B-WTC, namely the new B-WTC with deterministic receivers, and the new B-WTC with degraded receivers and more noisy wiretapper, are identified. These results extend the recently proposed new wiretap channel model to the broadcast setting.
Effects of Wind Speed on Shallow-Water Broadband Acoustic Transmission

Applications such as underwater acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography in very shallow water regions, such as estuaries, depend critically on understanding broadband acoustic transmissions. Since underwater acoustic channels in these regions can be drastically affected by wind-wave dynamics, this study aims to investigate how wind-driven surface waves affects the variability of low- to high-frequency broadband (0.1–20 kHz) acoustic channels. Concurrent oceanographic and acoustic data of one week were collected inside Delaware Bay where the water depth is 15 m. Combined modeling of surface hydrodynamics and underwater acoustic propagation was performed using a shallow-water wind-wave spectral method and a 2-D rough-surface parabolic equation model. Modeling results agree with field data analyses, and together they reveal a strong correlation between wind speeds and pressure amplitudes of acoustic waves reflected from the ocean surface, indicating that increased wind-driven surface roughness is the primary factor for the weakening of surface-reflected paths. These findings lead to a new empirical method for prediction of surface-reflected acoustic pressure amplitudes under wind-generated sea surface waves. Our combined model applies well for time-varying surface conditions, but more accurate acoustic modeling needs to consider 3-D, bubble, and Doppler effects.
Meeting Room State Detection using Environmental Wi-Fi Signature

The state of a meeting room (or of a classroom) provides important context to the level of interest (or participation level) in a meeting. For example, in one uninteresting meeting only one presenter presents text-filled slides, while other attendees are either checking their emails or even napping. In contrast, during a very interesting talk, all attendees are excited by the presentation and are involved in the discussions with frequent hand clapping. Thus, automatically detecting the state of a meeting room (or of a classroom) is an important and interesting problem. In this paper, we make the observation that the aforementioned group behaviors will have different motion signatures, as captured by a present Wi-Fi signal. Consequently, in this paper, we present a meeting room state detection approach leveraging environmental Wi-Fi signature. The Wi-Fi signal is provided by the existing access point (AP) in the meeting room and it is captured by one any Wi-Fi enabled device. The existing infrastructure provides all the information needed and no extra devices are needed. In our solution, different features are extracted from the raw Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) signal and four popular machine learning algorithms (e.g. support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, nearest neighbor and naive Bayes networks) are evaluated for detecting the state of a meeting room. Our approach is evaluated for two scenarios: classroom state detection and meeting room state detection. The experimental results show an accuracy of our proposed solution of 90.7% and 94.1% for classroom state detection and meeting/lab room state detection, respectively.
Effect of Regional Medical Campus Education on Student Pursuit of Primary Care Specialties

Purpose To investigate whether education at a regional medical campus (RMC) affects the likelihood of University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) students choosing a primary care specialty. Method Two approaches were taken to answer the study question. First, the percentage of UWSOM students who matched to a primary care residency program between 1996-2016 was compared between two groups of students: those educated at an RMC and those educated at the academic medical center (a non-RMC). Second, physician specialty data was obtained from the AMA Physician Masterfile for UWSOM graduates from 1996-2011. Physicians were again split into RMC and non-RMC groups, and the percentage of primary care physicians was compared between the two groups. This study was completed in 2016. Results Among graduates from 1996-2016, 33% (564/1707) of those educated at an RMC were matched to a primary care residency program compared to 39% (787/2003) of students educated at the non-RMC (P < 0.001). Graduates from 1996-2011 had similar likelihoods of becoming a primary care physician regardless of first year education site (37% [395/1078] versus 39% [551/1403], P = 0.18, Figure 2). Conclusions The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that the WWAMI RMCs produce more primary care physicians than the non-RMC. A greater percentage of students who attended the non-RMC matched into a primary care residency program compared to the RMC group, while the percentage of students who ultimately chose a primary care specialty was quite similar. Financial support: Mr. Collins was supported in part for this study by the Smith Family Endowed Chair in Medicine. Ethical Approval: The University of Washington Institutional Review Board approved the acquisition and analysis of subject data. Application #52065. Approval date 5/24/2016.
Diffusing Innovation and Best Practice in Health Care

Diffusing innovation and best practices in healthcare are among the most challenging aspects of advancing patient safety and quality improvement. Recommendations from the Baldrige Foundation, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and The Joint Commission provide guidance on the principles for successful diffusion. Perioperative leaders are encouraged to applying these principles to high priority areas such as handovers, enhanced recovery and patient blood management. Completing a successful pilot project can be exciting, however, effective diffusion is essential to achieving meaningful and lasting impact on the service line and health system.
Opiate Receptors and Their Ligands

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a brief historical account of the discoveries of opiate receptors and their ligands. It was the direct biochemical demonstration of stereospecific opiate binding sites that led to the discovery of the endogenous opioid peptides and initiated the era of explosive developments in opiate and neuropeptide research. With the development of the in vitro opiate binding assay, it became possible to demonstrate the wide distribution of these receptor sites throughout the central nervous system (CNS) which suggested physiological functions. Moreover, opiate receptors were shown to exist in all vertebrate species and some invertebrates. Their survival throughout evolution in so many species bears further witness to their importance to the organisms that possess them, which is not likely to be the result of their ability to bind plant alkaloids. There is sufficient circumstantial evidence to permit the hypothesis that the CNS endorphins are neurotransmitters or modulators that may play important roles in pain modulation, opiate addiction, and various aspects of emotion and behavior.
Long Wave Trapping by Axisymmetric Topographies

Two forms of a solution for long wave resonasnce on axisymmetric topographies where the depth is proportional to rβ for arbitrary β are presented. One form gives the surface elevation in terms of Bessel functions while the other is in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The behavior of the solution is found to differ according as β is greater than or less than 2. For β > 2, trapping is possible, however, since the surrounding ocean is taken as constant depth, all modes must leak energy to infinity and decay with time. Detailed numerical results are presented for β = 1 and β = 3. It is found that large amplitude oscillations may be excited by a passing tsunami if β > 2.
Osteosarcoma multidisciplinary approach to the management from the pathologist's perspective.

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of the bone in which proliferating neoplastic cells produce osteoid and/or bone, if only in small amounts. This histological principle defines a tumor that usually affects young males more frequently than females, and disproportionately involves the long bones of the appendicular skeleton. These tumors are generally locally aggressive and tend to produce early, lethal systemic metastases. However, osteosarcoma is not a single disease but a family of neoplasms, sharing the single histological finding of osseous matrix production in association with malignant cells.
Development after Industrialization: Poor Countries in an Electronically Integrated Global Economy

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines globalization as broader and deeper integration, ... the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and also through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.
Attitudes towards Bachelor-level education amongst Bavarian midwives: Results of a descriptive cross-sectional survey in Bavaria, Germany.

INTRODUCTION In Germany, the traditional vocational midwifery training lasts three years. This training is marked as Qualification Level 4 of the European Qualification Framework (EQF). There are very few midwives with a Bachelor degree, and an even smaller number of universities that offer a qualification program at EQF Level 6 (Bachelor). The aim of this paper is to analyze the attitude and interests of traditionally educated German midwives in undertaking a university degree. METHODS Midwives were surveyed within the framework of a descriptive cross-sectional study. The survey has 13 items and was available as a web-based survey between 1 November 2016 and 31 January 2017. Alternatively, the midwives were able to send a hardcopy version of the questionnaire back by mail, anonymously. Data was obtained from 534 midwives. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 23). The qualitative data were structurally analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS It was found that 57.7% of the surveyed midwives are interested in completing a university degree, and 40.1% could imagine themselves pursuing a degree. The respondents were overwhelmingly positive in their opinion of university qualifications and qualification upgrades. Nevertheless, the open-question responses indicated that there are strong concerns surrounding the level of proficiency and experience-based knowledge taught for a university degree, which are essential elements in the traditional training system. CONCLUSIONS Although midwives understand the importance of a Bachelor degree, they need to be informed about the expertise and practical skills taught in the degree curriculum.
Deprescribing: Right-Sizing Medication Regimens to Optimize Outcomes in Palliative Care

The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of polypharmacy in older adults and those with an advanced illness, evidence that supports deprescribing, and best practices to implement deprescribing in palliative care. Practitioners and patients indicate they are interested in reducing the number of medications prescribed, but there are barriers to this practice. Over 90% of Medicare beneficiaries stated they would be willing to stop taking one or more of their medications if endorsed by their doctor. Several tools have become available in recent years to assist practitioners make more consistent decisions about deprescribing. Deprescribing is a patient-centric, important part of the prescribing process, and it is imperative that providers make this clear in conversations with patients and families. Tools and processes are available to assist providers in having these conversations and making these important decisions in caring for older adults and palliative care patients.
Transgresiones del cuerpo masculino en El goce de la piel de Oswaldo Reynoso

El escritor Oswaldo Reynoso (1931-2016) nos ofrece su propia version transgresora de la sexualidad masculina en el Peru. Los temas que se convirtieron en constantes en su obra, como el descubrimiento sexual, la adolescencia, la barriada limena y el deseo homosexual, presentes en sus primeros libros, alcanzan madurez en El goce de la piel (2005). Para un adecuado analisis me concentrare en la poetica del escritor establecida a traves del cuerpo masculino y el deseo representados en un personaje que se reactualiza en los cinco relatos que conforman el libro. De igual forma, analizare teoricamente la propuesta del autor frente a las trasgresiones que generan los personajes en el descubrimiento de su sexualidad. The writer Oswaldo Reynoso (1931-2016) offers his own transgressive version of male sexuality in Peru. The topics that became constant in his work, such as sexual discovery, adolescence, the marginalized periphery of Lima and homosexual desire, present since his first books, reach maturity in El goce de la piel (2005). For an adequate analysis, I will concentrate on the poetics of the writer established through the male body and the desire represented in a character that is updated in the five stories as parts of the same book. Similarly, I theoretically analyze the author's proposal against the transgressions that generate the characters in the discovery of their own sexuality.
Higher self-control predicts engagement in undesirable moralistic aggression

Abstract Lack of self-control is considered to be a key factor in generating aggression and violence. However, across two studies, aggression was associated with greater self-control when participants felt that violence was undesirable but morally required. Using a within-subjects retrospective method, in Study 1 (N = 95) participants recalled having greater self-control when they themselves engaged in aggression as a perpetrator that they felt was automatically aversive but morally right compared to when they avoided such aggression. The opposite pattern was found for aggression that participants felt was automatically desirable but morally wrong, replicating prior results. Using a between-subjects vignette-based method, in Study 2 (N = 213), it was found that higher trait levels of self-control predicted greater willingness to fight when participants saw aggression as undesirable but morally right in a hypothetical scenario. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of how perpetrator motivation determines the role of self-control in aggression.
Reevaluating the Role of Persistent Neural Activity in Short-Term Memory

A traditional view of short-term working memory (STM) is that task-relevant information is maintained 'online' in persistent spiking activity. However, recent experimental and modeling studies have begun to question this long-held belief. In this review, we discuss new evidence demonstrating that information can be 'silently' maintained via short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) without the need for persistent activity. We discuss how the neural mechanisms underlying STM are inextricably linked with the cognitive demands of the task, such that the passive maintenance and the active manipulation of information are subserved differently in the brain. Together, these recent findings point towards a more nuanced view of STM in which multiple substrates work in concert to support our ability to temporarily maintain and manipulate information.