cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electro-optical characterization of in-plane grown carbon nanotubes

We have fabricated field-effect transistor (FET) structures using arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the conducting channel by using chemical vapor deposition to achieve in-plane growth from nanometer-scale Ni dot patterns on the Au/Cr metal electrode pairs as catalyst tips. Detailed studies of the transfer characteristics of the CNT-FETs have been carried out as a function of the number of CNTs bridging the contact gap. Both, ambipolar and unipolar FET behaviors have been observed at room temperature. Devices containing 12 (6) CNTs bridging the gap display CNT-FET on/off ratios of 2 (4), respectively. Best results have been achieved for devices containing 3 semiconducting CNTs displaying pronounced on/off ratios up to 370 at room temperature. In addition, a correlation between source-drain current and optical illumination has been observed, indicating a photoeffect of the CNT arrays. The measured photocurrent depends linearly on the source-drain voltage indicating that the generated electron-hole pairs are effectively separated by the applied bias, making such devices of interest for photovoltaic applications. The demonstrated access to individual CNTs with pronounced semiconducting behavior opens the possibility to form more advanced nanoelectronic structures such as CNT quantum dots with the ultimate goal to realize single electron memory elements operating at room temperature.
Pustular psoriasis with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and spontaneous fractures

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is rarely associated with pustular psoriasis in children. W e describe a child with severe pustular psoriasis in whom multiple fractures, bone deformities, and severe growth failure from chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis developed. The recurrent fractures led to an incorrect assumption of child abuse. Both the bone disease and pustular psoriasis responded to treatment with etretinate. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:376-9.)
Panel: the evolution of wireless video - technology and applications

As wireless technology has progressed from the simple GPRS-based cellular radio modems to the highly complex LTE and 802.11ac networks, users have increasingly sought a satisfactory user experience from video applications running over such networks. This panel discussion aims to look back at the progress made in this aspect, and provide guidance to researchers as to what trends to expect in improving user experience of video consumption over wireless networks.
Electrophoretic mobilities of virus adsorbing filter materials

Abstract Surface charge characteristics of virus adsorbing filters were studied by electrophoretic measurements of particulate suspensions under conditions commonly encountered in the adsorption technique for virus concentration. A mechanism for virus interaction with filter surfaces, involving cross-complexation by multivalent cations, is discussed.
Flexible access control for outsourcing personal health services in cloud computing using hierarchical attribute set based encryption

Online personal health record (PHR) enables patients to manage their own medical records in a centralized way, which greatly facilitates the storage, access and sharing of personal health data. With the emergence of cloud computing, it is attractive for the PHR service providers to shift their PHR applications and storage into the cloud, in order to enjoy the elastic resources and reduce the operational cost. However, by storing PHRs in the cloud, the patients lose physical control to their personal health data, which makes it necessary for each patient to encrypt her PHR data before uploading to the cloud servers. Under encryption, it is challenging to achieve fine-grained access control to PHR data in a scalable and efficient way by using FADE. For each patient, the PHR data should be encrypted so that it is scalable with the number of users having access. Also, since there are multiple owners (patients) in a PHR system and every owner would encrypt her PHR files using a different set of cryptographic keys, it is important to reduce the key distribution complexity in such multi-owner settings. Existing cryptographic enforced access control schemes are mostly designed for the single-owner scenarios. In order to realize scalable, flexible, and fine-grained access control of outsourced data in cloud computing, in this research, we propose hierarchical attribute-set-based encryption (HASBE) by extending cipher text-policy attribute-set-based encryption (ASBE) with a hierarchical structure of users. The proposed scheme not only achieves scalability due to its hierarchical structure, but also inherits flexibility and fine-grained access control in supporting compound attributes of ASBE.
Effects of Cecal Ligation and Colostomy on Motility of the Rectum, Ileum, and Cecum in Turkeys

Motilities of the rectum, ileum, and ceca were examined in surgically prepared turkeys by using strain gauge transducers implanted on these sites after cecal ligation or colostomy. All birds were provided ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study. Cecal ligation increased the frequency of small anti-peristaltic contractions in the proximal (P < .01) and distal (P < .05) rectum and the frequency of defecations (P < .05) compared with intact controls. Cecal ligation decreased the frequency of single contractions in the proximal ileum (P < .05) and that of all contractions in the distal ileum (P < .05), and ligation (P < .01) and colostomy (P < .05) increased the frequency of single contractions in the distal site. However, major and minor cecal contractions were not affected by colostomy in the proximal and distal cecum. The results suggest that the effects on contractile activities of the hindgut must be considered when interpreting responses to cecal ligation and colostomy.
Late reoperation for systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation after repair of congenital heart defects.

Abstract Since 1979, 17 infants and children have undergone reoperation for systemic atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation 6 weeks to 7 years after repair of congenital heart defects. Prior operations were repair of incomplete or complete AV canal (14 patients). Mustard repair of complex transposition of the great arteries including ventricular septal defect closure (2 patients), or first-stage operation for hypoplastic left heart (1 patient). Age ranged from 6 months to 11 years. In 12 of the 17 patients (10, AV canal; 1, transposition; 1, hypoplastic left heart), valve reconstruction was possible. Operative techniques included a combination of septal cleft approximation, leaflet resection, commissural annuloplasty, or ring annuloplasly. There were no operative deaths, and there were no reopsrations in the repair group. The condition of these patients has improved. Follow-up ranges from 1 month to 9 years (mean follow-up, 4.1 years). Five of the 17 patients (4, AV canal; 1, transposition) underwent valve replacement. There were no operative deaths. Follow-up ranges from 3 to 8 years. Three patients later underwent re-replacement of the prosthetic valve; there was 1 late death. The condition of all 4 survivors is improved. Substantial AV valve regurgitation can occur months or years after repair of congenital heart defects. A combination of reconstructive techniques may be useful in preserving native valve function and avoiding systemic AV valve replacement.
Parallel optical computing using recoded trinary signed-digit numbers

We propose a simple recoded trinary signed-digit number representation for parallel optical computing. This technique performs multidigit carry-free addition and borrow-free subtraction in constant time, using only 50% of the, minterms required in the most recently reported trinary signed-digit arithmetic technique. One may use a single-step optoelectronic or a two step all-optical architecture to implement the proposed technique.
A two step synthesis of BzR/GABAergic active flavones via a Wacker-related oxidation

A general route for the synthesis of biologically important flavones is reported via a two step sequence employing a catalytic Wacker-Cook oxidation4b as the key step.
Signaling events in apoptotic photokilling of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated tumor cells: inhibitory effects of nitric oxide

Antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can destroy tumor and tumor vasculature cells. NO produced by these cells could be procarcinogenic by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. We recently showed that NO from a chemical donor or activated macrophages makes COH-BR1 breast tumor cells more resistant to photokilling sensitized by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-generated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Signaling events associated with this hyperresistance have now been examined. ALA-treated COH-BR1 cells containing mitochondria-localized PpIX died mainly by apoptosis after being irradiated. Underlying redox signaling associated with MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38, JUN) phosphorylation-activation, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation was studied using immunoprecipitation and Western blot methodology. ALA/light treatment resulted in activation of proapoptotic JNK and p38 alpha, and deactivation of prosurvival p38 beta and ERK1/2. Involvement of both JNK and p38 in apoptosis was established by using a specific inhibitor for each. Spermine NONOate-derived NO, introduced immediately before irradiation, provided substantial protection against apoptosis. This was accompanied by greater HO-1 induction and a strong inhibition of each MAP kinase effect seen in the absence of NO. Downstream of JNK and p38 alpha activation, a marked upregulation/activation of proapoptotic Bax and Bid was observed along with down-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL, each response being reversed by NO. These findings provide new insights into signaling activity associated with the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in ALA-PDT and how this activity can be modulated by NO.
Using Academic Language to Level the Playing Field for English-Language Learners in Physical Education: Part 1.

With the common core emphasis on English language art and mathematics skills, physical educators are faced with a challenging task. Educators, in general, are expected to identifying the language demands of their discipline and develop academic language skills within each disciplinary area. In other words, educators are expected to prepare students to utilize the discipline-specific vocabulary and language function to effectively communicate within the content area. This article aims to address some of the challenging issues physical educators face in the process of implementing academic language in conjunction with promoting literacy among English language learners, or ELLs. Specific teaching strategies that can help “level the playing field” for the ELLs while promoting academic language in physical education classes are presented. Moreover, ideas that can help reduce the disparities between ELLs and native English speakers and promote more opportunities for achievement for all students are discussed.
Prebunched beam traveling-wave tube studies

A traveling-wave tube with a prebunched beam is found to have a considerably higher efficiency than the same tube without prebunching. For the particular tube tested the efficiency is increased from 20 to over 35 per cent at a gain of 8. Computer calculations using a discrete disk model give similar results. The beam is bunched tightly in energy at the position of highest efficiency, indicating that very high efficiency could be obtained with a depressed collector. Both current and velocity modulation are required for prebunching, and are obtained by means of a current grid followed by an inductively tuned velocity modulation cavity. The requirements of the current grid are not great so that operation should be possible at frequencies well above the normal operating region of a microwave triode. The operation of the tube is sensitive to the output match, and it appears to be difficult to obtain a good match with the beam on.
Design of suspended AlGaAs waveguides for tunable difference frequency generation in mid-IR

A birefringent phase-matching scheme for difference frequency generation in a slotted air-clad waveguide with tunable gap width is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Tunability of 300 cm−1 and efficiency of 200 W−1cm−2 is predicted.
SPICE Model of Memristive Devices with Threshold

Abstract—Although memristive devices with threshold voltagesare the norm rather than the exception in experimentallyrealizable systems, their SPICE programming is not yet common.Here, we show how to implement such systems in the SPICEenvironment. Speciﬁcally, we present SPICE models of a popularvoltage-controlled memristive system speciﬁed by ﬁve differentparameters for PSPICE and NGSPICE circuit simulators. Weexpect this implementation to ﬁnd widespread use in circuitsdesign and testing.Index Terms—Memristive devices, memristor, memristormodel, threshold dynamics. I. I NTRODUCTION I N the last few years, circuit elements with memory,namely, memristive [1], memcapacitive and meminductive[2] systems have attracted considerable attention from differentdisciplines due to their capability to store and manipulateinformation on the same physical platform [3]. However, whencombined into complex circuits, progress in this ﬁeld signiﬁ-cantly relies on the available tools at our disposal. One suchtool is the SPICE simulation environment, commonly used incircuit simulations and testing. While several SPICE modelsof memristive [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], memcapacitive[6] and meminductive [6] elements are already available, theytypically [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] rely on physical models withouta threshold (see, e.g., Refs. [11], [12]).Threshold-type switching is instead an extremely importantcommon feature of memristive devices (for examples, see Ref.[3]) and, due to physical constraints, likely to be common inmemcapacitive and meminductive elements as well. Indeed, itis the threshold-type switching which is responsible for non-volatile information storage, serves as a basis for logic oper-ations [13], [14], etc., and therefore, it can not be neglected.In the present paper we introduce a SPICE model fora memristive device with threshold voltage that has beenproposed by the present authors [15]. Using this type of mem-ristive devices, we have already demonstrated and analyzedseveral electronic circuits including a learning circuit [15],memristive neural networks [16], logic circuits [14], analogcircuits [17] and circuits transforming memristive responseinto memcapacitive and meminductive ones [18]. These pre-vious results thus demonstrate the range of applicability ofthe selected physical model. As a consequence, we expect itsSPICE implementation to ﬁnd numerous applications as well.
Characteristics of recovery of drawing ability in left and right brain-damaged patients.

Abstract Drawings of a “person” were obtained from 21 patients with left brain damage (LBD) and 13 patients with right brain damage (RBD) at hospital discharge and 1 month postdischarge, corresponding to 2–4 and 6–8 weeks postonset, respectively. Early LBD drawings were simplistic and often incoherent. Most were placed in the upper left quadrant of the page. RBD drawings were scattered, fragmented, and elaborately detailed. Many showed evidence of left-sided neglect. The resolution of drawing disability also differed between the two groups: LBD subjects recovered drawing abilities more rapidly and more completely than RBD subjects. These differences in drawing characteristics and in the resolution of drawing disability were discernable for experienced neuropsychologists.
A piecewise linear approach to overbooking

Overbooking is frequently used to increase the revenue generated by a network infrastructure without incurring additional costs. If the overbooking factor is chosen appropriately, additional virtual circuits can be admitted without degrading quality of service for existing customers. Most implementations use a single factor to accept a linear fraction of traffic requests. If a piecewise linear approach is used in admissions, additional traffic can be accepted without causing proportional increases in loss rate and utilization. This additional accepted traffic can significantly improve the profit margin for network service providers.
Refinery: visual exploration of large, heterogeneous networks through associative browsing

Browsing is a fundamental aspect of exploratory information-seeking. Associative browsing represents a common and intuitive set of exploratory strategies in which users step iteratively from familiar to novel bits of information. In this paper, we examine associative browsing as a strategy for bottom-up exploration of large, heterogeneous networks. We present Refinery, an interactive visualization system informed by guidelines for associative browsing drawn from literature on exploratory information-seeking. These guidelines motivate Refinery's query model, which allows users to simply and expressively construct queries using heterogeneous sets of nodes. This system computes degree-of-interest scores for associated content using a fast, random-walk algorithm. Refinery visualizes query nodes within a subgraph of results, providing explanatory context, facilitating serendipitous discovery, and stimulating continued exploration. A study of 12 academic researchers using Refinery to browse publication data demonstrates how the system enables discovery of valuable new content, even within existing areas of expertise.
A 24-Year-Old Man with Previously Diagnosed Hemophilia

A 24-year-old Middle Eastern man diagnosed with hemophilia at the age of 4 or 5 years presented to the hematology clinic for follow-up after a recent hospitalization for excessive bleeding from an accidental knife cut. The patient reported a history of prolonged bleeding after teeth extractions, an upper gastrointestinal bleed 3 years previously, and excessive bruising since childhood. He denied hemarthroses but reported chronic pain in his ankles and joints. The patient reported having been treated for episodes of excessive bleeding with fresh frozen plasma (FFP)3 and factor VIII during past hospitalizations. Because of poor continuity of care, his disease had not been monitored or treated on an ongoing outpatient basis. The patient's family history is noteworthy for consanguineous parents (first cousins) and a sister who also experienced excessive bleeding, although her diagnosis was uncertain. Initial laboratory test results included a normal complete blood count, including platelets, a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (Table 1). Fibrinogen activity was normal. A 1:1 mixture of the patient's plasma with pooled normal plasma demonstrated full correction of the PT and aPTT, a result consistent with factor deficiency. View this table: Table 1. Patient's laboratory results (citrated plasma). ### ADDITIONAL PATIENT DATA AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Patients with isolated hemophilia A, B, or C (due to deficiencies in factors VIII, IX, and XI, respectively) or factor VIII deficiency due to von Willebrand disease typically have a prolonged aPTT but a normal PT. In the absence of anticoagulation therapy or suspected vitamin K deficiency, a prolonged PT in this patient's initial workup should raise clinical suspicion for a bleeding disorder of a different etiology. Given the patient's clinically notable bleeding symptoms since childhood, a genetic disorder should be considered. The differential diagnosis includes dysfibrinogenemia, prothrombin deficiency, factor V deficiency, combined deficiency of factors V and VIII (F5F8D), factor X deficiency, and hereditary combined deficiency of …
Relationships between stoichiometry, microstructure, and properties for amine-cured epoxies

Changes in microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated as a function of epoxy–amine stoichiometry. The epoxy–amine system studied exhibits a two-phase structure consisting of a hard microgel phase and a dispersed phase of soft, unreacted and/or partially reacted material. The size distribution of the microgel regions tends to increase with increasing amine content. Concurrently, the connectivity of the softer phase increases dramatically. This two-phase structure is inherently fractal, exhibiting a single glass transition temperature, Tg. The Tg and elevated-temperature properties of the epoxy are directly correlated with crosslink density and the percentage of microgel phase observed in microstructure studies. The fracture toughness at room temperature increases with increasing amine content, most likely due to the increased presence of the soft phase, which absorbs more energy during crack growth. Changes in modulus values at 30°C with stoichiometry are explained by considering the effective aspect ratio of the polymer structure in the determination of sample rigidity. Relationships between microgel sizes and the sizes of interphase regions that form in composite and adhesive systems are also discussed in terms of interphase properties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 699–712, 1999
Efficient, correct simulation of biological processes in the stochastic pi-calculus

This paper presents a simulation algorithm for the stochastic π-calculus, designed for the efficient simulation of biological systems with large numbers of molecules. The cost of a simulation depends on the number of species, rather than the number of molecules, resulting in a significant gain in efficiency. The algorithm is proved correct with respect to the calculus, and then used as a basis for implementing the latest version of the SPiM stochastic simulator. The algorithm is also suitable for generating graphical animations of simulations, in order to visualise system dynamics.
NJIT-RAVR system for upper extremity rehabilitation in children with hemiplegia

We describe the design and testing of a system that integrates rich virtual environments and assist as needed robotics to allow children with upper extremity impairments to perform rehabilitation activities in the form of computer games. Five simulations as well as positioning and interface approaches are described. To provide proof of concept we trained four children with mild to moderate upper extremity hemiplegia secondary to cerebral palsy. The children made improvements in clinical measures of upper extremity function and reaching kinematics as measured by the robot.
A Review of the Biology, Ecology and Behavior of Velvety Tree Ants of North America

Ants belonging to the genus Liometopum are regionally distributed across North America, Europe and Asia. L. apiculatum Mayr, L. luctuosum Wheeler, and L. occidentale Emery are found in western North America and are referred to as velvety tree ants. Very little is known about the biology of these species, but they are similar. They are typically associated with trees and shrubs and are frequently found tending hemipterans. All three species are are easily disturbed and and resort to highly aggressive behaviors including the use of strong alarm odors. The following review is intended to summarize the literature regarding the biology and control of these species. Special emphasis has been given to factors that might be important in their control and gaps in our current knowledge.
QUALITATIVE AND MIXED‐METHODS RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS: SURPRISING GROWTH, PROMISING FUTURE

Qualitative research in economics has traditionally been unimportant compared to quantitative work. Yet there has been a small explosion in use of quantitative approaches in the past 10–15 years, including ‘mixed-methods’ projects which use qualitative and quantitative methods in combination. This paper surveys the growing use of qualitative methods in economics and closely related fields, aiming to provide economists with a useful roadmap through major sets of qualitative methods and how and why they are used. We review the growing body of economic research using qualitative approaches, emphasizing the gains from using qualitative- or mixed-methods over traditional ‘closed-ended’ approaches. It is argued that, although qualitative methods are often portrayed as less reliable, less accurate, less powerful and/or less credible than quantitative methods, in fact, the two sets of methods have their own strengths, and how much can be learned from one type of method or the other depends on specific issues that arise in studying the topic of interest. The central message of the paper is that well-done qualitative work can provide scientifically valuable and intellectually helpful ways of adding to the stock of economic knowledge, especially when applied to research questions for which they are well suited.
Broadband-PISEMA solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The measurement of heteronuclear dipolar couplings using a 2D separated-local-field technique, Polarization Inversion Spin Exchange at the Magic Angle (PISEMA), is a unique way to determine the structure, dynamics and topology of molecules in solid-state. However, the resolution and sensitivity of PISEMA are highly dependent on the offset frequency of protons. To overcome this difficulty, in this study, a broadband-PISEMA pulse sequence is proposed. Experimental data from a single crystal and simulated results suggest that the new sequence compensates the offset effects. This is accomplished using a pair of 180° pulses that invert the spin-locked magnetization of I and S nuclei after certain number of SEMA cycles in the t1 period. In addition, unlike PISEMA, BB-PISEMA provides offset-independent dipolar coupling line shapes even when low rf fields are applied.
DETERMINATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS A AND B IN VARIOUS FOOD EXTRACTS, USING STAPHYLOCOCCAL CELLS CONTAINING PROTEIN A

A radioimmunoassay for Staphylococcus enterotoxin using Staphylococcus aureus cells containing protein A has already been developed. This technique has been employed in our laboratory to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B in six different food materials. Food constituents that interfere with solid state radioimmunoassays do not affect this free solution method to the same extent. The protein A procedure may be used to generate a single representative standard curve, from which toxin levels in other foods may be quantitated. The sensitivity of this assay is 0.1 ng/ml for enterotoxin A and 0.5 ng/ml for enterotoxin B.
Strong terahertz pulse generation via coherent Raman scattering

We suggest a new efficient method of generation of intense (micro-J) short (fs-ns) THz pulses via coherent scattering of infrared radiation in atomic and molecular gases (f.e. Rb, methanol, and others) at room temperature.
Capacity of MIMO Rician channels with multiple correlated Rayleigh co-channel interferers

This paper presents some analytical results on the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output Rician channels in the presence of Rayleigh co-channel interference. We consider interference-limited systems and derive the exact moment generating function, mean, and variance of the isolated link capacity when the transmitter has no channel state information. We then capitalize on these results to obtain Gaussian and Chi-Square approximations for the capacity complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). Numerical results, comparing these two approximations to exact results obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations, show that both approximations yield very good prediction of the capacity CCDF for a wide range of transmitting power and number of antennas.
A1 adenosine receptor knockout mice exhibit increased mortality, renal dysfunction, and hepatic injury in murine septic peritonitis

Sepsis is a leading cause of multiorgan dysfunction and death in hospitalized patients. Dysregulated inflammatory processes and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced organ dysf...
Sexual Transmission Risk among Noninjecting Heroin Users Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Hepatitis C Virus

To assess whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected noninjecting heroin users (NIUs) are a potential sexual transmission bridge to "lower risk" partners, 180 HIV- or HCV-infected NIUs recruited in New York City were interviewed about their sexual behaviors and partnerships. Sixty-two percent were former injecting drug users (IDUs). Partners reported not to be HIV infected, IDUs, or men who have sex with men were defined as lower risk. Among 54 HIV-infected NIUs, lower risk partners were reported by 54% of never IDUs and 23% of former IDUs (P=.02). Among 155 HCV-infected NIUs, lower risk partners were reported by 54% of never IDUs and 45% of former IDUs (not significant). Engaging in unprotected vaginal or anal sex and having lower risk partners was reported by 29% of HIV-infected never IDUs, 12% of HIV-infected former IDUs, 29% of HCV-infected never IDUs, and 34% of HCV-infected former IDUs. HIV-infected NIUs, particularly never IDUs, and, possibly, HCV-infected NIUs, are a potential sexual transmission bridge.
A 17S multiprotein form of murine cell DNA polymerase mediates polyomavirus DNA replication in vitro

We have identified and purified a multiprotein form of DNA polymerase from the murine mammary carcinoma cell line (FM3A) using a series of centrifugation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and ion-exchange chromatography steps. Proteins and enzymatic activities associated with this mouse cell multiprotein form of DNA polymerase include the DNA polymerases alpha and delta, DNA primase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), DNA ligase I, DNA helicase, and DNA topoisomerases I and II. The sedimentation coefficient of the multiprotein form of DNA polymerase is 17S, as determined by sucrose density gradient analysis. The integrity of the murine cell multiprotein form of DNA polymerase is maintained after treatment with detergents, salt, RNase, DNase, and after chromatography on DE52-cellulose, suggesting that the association of the proteins with one another is independent of nonspecific interaction with other cellular macromolecular components. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that this complex of proteins is fully competent to replicate polyomavirus DNA in vitro. This result implies that all of the cellular activities required for large T-antigen dependent in vitro polyomavirus DNA synthesis are present within the isolated 17S multiprotein form of the mouse cell DNA replication activities. A model is proposed to represent the mammalian Multiprotein DNA Replication Complex (MRC) based on the fractionation and chromatographic profiles of the individual proteins found to co-purify with the complex.
(AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG) as the Primordial Sequence of Intergenic Spacers: The Role in Immunoglobulin Class Switch

The means employed for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch appears to be no different from that by which meiotic intergenic crossing-overs are accomplished. As with other intergenic spacers, the 5′ noncoding sequence of each Ig CH (immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region) gene apparently undergoes unconstrained sequence changes due to randomly sustained base substitutions, deletions, and duplications. Yet, there remains sufficient regional sequence homology between the Ig Cμ 5′ noncoding sequence and those of its somatic recombination partners, e.g., Ig Cγ1, Ig Cγ2b, Ig Cα, because each of these 5′ noncoding sequences is made of multiple copies in various stages of degeneracy of one primordial 20 base pair-long sequence: (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG).
Enhancing phase change memory lifetime through fine-grained current regulation and voltage upscaling

Phase Change Memory (PCM) recently has emerged as a promising memory technology. However it suffers from limited write endurance. Recent studies have shown that the lifetime of PCM cells heavily depends on the RESET energy. Typically, larger than optimal RESET current is employed to accommodate process variation. This leads to over-programming of cells, and dramatically-shortened lifetime. This paper proposes two innovative low power techniques, Fine-Grained Current Regulation (FGCR) and Voltage Upscaling (VU), to cut down the RESET current, leaving a small number of difficult-to-reset cells unused. We then utilize error correction code to rescue those cells. Our experimental results show that FGCR and VU reduce the PCM write power by 33%, and prolong the lifetime of a PCM chip by 71%-102%.
Unsolved Mysteries in Carbon Metabolism in Legume Nodules

The accumulation of massive quantities of PHB in bacteroids of many rhizobia has been known for many decades. Based on a small sample of genera and species, it appears that the fast-growing rhizobia do not accumulate PHB whereas the slow-growing rhizobia do (see reviews by McDermott et al., 1989; Streeter, 1995). A role for the polymer, which can amount to 50% of bacteroid dry weight in Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Wong & Evans, 1971), has never been established. Recent genetic evidence suggests that PHB metabolism does not play a major role in Rhizobium meliloti; however, the possibility of some role in slow-growing rhizobia remains an open and potentially important question.
An expression screen for RhoGEF genes involved in C. elegans gonadogenesis.

The gonad in Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model system for understanding complex morphogenetic processes including cellular movement, cell fusion, cell invasion and cell polarity during development. One class of signaling proteins known to be critical for the cellular events underlying morphogenesis is the Rho family GTPases, particularly RhoA, Rac and Cdc42. In C. elegans orthologues of these genes have been shown to be important for gonad development. In our current study we have extended those findings by examining the patterns of 5 0 cis-regulatory element (5
What Is Normal Cognitive Aging? Evidence from Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging

The idea that our cognitive abilities change with age has support from empirical research as well as from anecdotal reports. Cognition has many component processes, some of which are impaired by normal aging like attention and memory as a result of changes in perceptual systems or speed of processing. Other cognitive domains improve in functioning as aging continues such as wisdom and some kinds of decision making. Many years of research in the psychology of cognitive aging has described patterns of age-related changes in cognitive processes with older adults performing worse than younger adults on tests of attention, working memory and episodic memory and better on tests of general knowledge. More recent work in task-related functional neuroimaging has further elucidated the effects of aging on brain circuitry related to these cognitive processes. Generally, studies show that older adults activate regions of the frontal cortex more than younger adults while younger adults activate more posterior cortical areas. This paper describes normal patterns of cognitive change in healthy aging, describes how some of these processes can be explored with functional neuroimaging, and briefly describes the work attempting to describe differences between normal and pathological cognitive aging.
Inhibition of spinal afferent nerve-mediated gastric hyperemia by nicotine: role of ganglionic blockade.

The hypothesis that intravenous nicotine modulates gastric spinal afferent nerve function by its ganglionic-blocking property is tested. Stimulation of the gastric spinal afferent nerves in anesthetized rats is accomplished by intragastric capsaicin irrigation. Gastric blood flow is monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. The increase in gastric blood flow during intragastric capsaicin irrigation is significantly reduced by 4 and 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 of intravenous nicotine. The inhibition appears to be specific for the spinal afferent nerves as the increase in gastric blood flow induced by electrical stimulation of the vagal afferent nerves is unaltered by these doses of intravenous nicotine. A ganglionic-blocking dose (10 mg/kg) of intraperitoneal hexamethonium also significantly attenuates the gastric vasodilatory effect of intragastric capsaicin. Intravenous nicotine (40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) combined with intraperitoneal hexamethonium (10 mg/kg) completely abolishes the gastric vasodilatory effect of intragastric capsaicin. These data suggest that intravenous nicotine offers a specific inhibition of the gastric spinal afferent nerve-mediated hyperemia, possibly as a consequence of its ganglionic-blocking property.
Prototype Angle Domain Repetitive Control: Design and Robustness

Angle-domain repetitive disturbances refer to disturbances that are periodic in a generic angle variable which is monotonically increasing with time but not uniformly. This paper extends the classical prototype repetitive control methodology for time periodic disturbances to this situation. Instead of using an internal model approach to derive the control, an affine parameterization approach is adopted which reduces the control design methodology to one of estimating and canceling the disturbance. While the resulting control architectures are similar to the classical time-domain periodic case, the stability conditions are different and depend on the choice of signal norms. Compensator design for non-minimum phase plants also need to be modified. Robustness is also considered in the L2 setting and an affine Q-filter concept is introduced to achieve robust stability.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Music Reading: An Essentialist Approach

This chapter outlines an approach to teaching the beginning pianist to read music, an approach that follows from the broader principles outlined in earlier chapters. This method adheres to Jerome Bruner’s well-known notion of the spiral curriculum: here, the teacher conveys in some form the structure of a subject, its most important precepts, at the outset, only subsequently elaborating this structure with ever finer detail and more refined distinctions. Following Bruner, my method teaches the structure of music reading, instills its core principles, prior to or alongside teaching full-fledged pieces. These principles are conveyed in experiential form, primarily through exercises in reading melodies, simple counterpoint, and basic harmonic progressions. Since these exercises lack most of the expressive features of real music, they counter the common tendency of students to strive for the end result—that is, musical fluidity and aesthetic effects—prior to having gained the necessary tools. The approach thus compels the student to engage the learning process apart from the results to which it might lead. This I designate “autonomous learning.”
The Brabender Plastograph in the Rubber Laboratory

Abstract With suitable modifications the Brabender plastograph can be used to advantage in studying, on a small scale, the factors which influence the changes in consistency of rubbers during their mastication. Typical results reported herein show that the temperature coefficient of the rate of breakdown for natural rubber is 1.47 and for GR-S, 1.36. The rate of softening of butadiene-styrene copolymers is shown to depend, among other factors, on the original consistency of the rubber and the type of modifier used in polymerization. The influence of commercial peptizing agents on the rate of softening of natural rubber, GR-S, and GR-I at 150° C is shown. The reproducibility of the mastication test was found to be good.
Numerical modeling of axisymmetric and three-dimensional flows in MEMS nozzles

A numerical study of three-dimensional effects on the performance of a micronozzle fabricated from flat silicon wafer is performed by both continuum and kinetic approaches. The nozzle operates in a low Reynolds numbers regime and viscous effects dominate the gas expansion. Thrust losses occur because the shear on the wall is greater in the nozzle of a flat configuration compared to an axisymmetric conical nozzle. Therefore, the prediction of the micronozzle performance based on axisymmetric or two-dimension al modeling can lead to significant design errors.
Use of a Yaşargil mirror as an adjunct to indocyanine green angiography to evaluate the patency of elusive posterior communicating arteries during aneurysm clipping: case report.

Background and importance Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has become a useful intraoperative tool during aneurysm surgery to determine parent, branching, and perforator vessel patency. Although extremely useful, ICGA is limited to the evaluation of vessels that are in direct view in the surgical field. Clinical presentation We present 2 cases of patients who underwent a craniotomy for clipping of unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms. A Yasargil movable mirror was used as an adjuvant to ICGA to visualize the ventromedial posterior communicating vessels after clip placement to determine vessel patency. Conclusion Although ICGA can be very useful during aneurysm surgery, it is limited to vessels directly visualized in the surgical field. A Yasargil movable mirror can be used during ICGA to visualize elusive vessels, in these cases on the ventromedial surface of the internal carotid artery.
Increased levels of the acetaldehyde-derived DNA adduct N2-ethyldeoxyguanosine in oral mucosa DNA from Rhesus monkeys exposed to alcohol

Alcohol is a human carcinogen. A causal link has been established between alcohol drinking and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, liver and breast. Despite this established association, the underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. Various mechanisms may come into play depending on the type of cancer; however, convincing evidence supports the concept that ethanol's major metabolite acetaldehyde may play a major role. Acetaldehyde can react with DNA forming adducts which can serve as biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and potentially of cancer risk. The major DNA adduct formed from this reaction is N (2)-ethylidenedeoxyguanosine, which can be quantified as its reduced form N (2)-ethyl-dG by LC-ESI-MS/MS. To investigate the potential use of N (2)-ethyl-dG as a biomarker of alcohol-induced DNA damage, we quantified this adduct in DNA from the oral, oesophageal and mammary gland tissues from rhesus monkeys exposed to alcohol drinking over their lifetimes and compared it to controls. N (2)-Ethyl-dG levels were significantly higher in the oral mucosa DNA of the exposed animals. Levels of the DNA adduct measured in the oesophageal mucosa of exposed animals were not significantly different from controls. A correlation between the levels measured in the oral and oesophageal DNA, however, was observed, suggesting a common source of formation of the DNA adducts. N (2) -Ethyl-dG was measured in mammary gland DNA from a small cohort of female animals, but no difference was observed between exposed animals and controls. These results support the hypothesis that acetaldehyde induces DNA damage in the oral mucosa of alcohol-exposed animals and that it may play role in the alcohol-induced carcinogenic process. The decrease of N (2)-ethyl-dG levels in exposed tissues further removed from the mouth also suggests a role of alcohol metabolism in the oral cavity, which may be considered separately from ethanol liver metabolism in the investigation of ethanol-related cancer risk.
Modulation of Tumor Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Polyamine Depletion in Cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

These studies were carried out to examine the capacity of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in cells of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck. Exposure of cells to DFMO (5 mM for 48 h) depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine levels (greater than 5-fold) and inhibited proliferation of the cells without manifestation of cytotoxicity as measured by a clonogenic assay. Exposure of the cells to DFMO did not influence the survival response after exposure to single-dose radiation between 0 and 10 Gy. Treatment of polyamine-depleted cells with 200 nM staurosporine amplified apoptosis 65% (1.65-fold) over that in controls, as determined by flow cytometry. The increased apoptosis after DFMO treatment was effectively inhibited by the addition of 1 mM putrescine or spermidine. Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) illustrated that the staurosporine treatment induced apoptosis in the cells within 6 h. Analysis of PARP cleavage indicated that treatment with DFMO accelerated the kinetics of progression of apoptosis but did not influence the sensitivity of cells to 10 nM-1 microM staurosporine. These data suggest an involvement of endogenous polyamines in modulation of proliferation kinetics and apoptosis in human SCCs and suggest opportunities to explore new therapeutic strategies in head and neck cancer patients to be treated with radiation therapy.
Resistant Hybrids and Bacillus thuringiensis for Management of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Sweet Corn

Field studies were done in 1991 and 1992 to determine the potential for integrating host plant resistance and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki for control of the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in sweet com. Three experimental hybrids resistant to ear feeding in 1991 and 5 in 1992 were treated with encapsulated B. thwingiensis . permethrin, or left unsprayed. The commercial hybrid ‘Jubilee’ was included as a susceptible control. In 1991, all resistant hybrids (with and without B. thuringiensis ) controlled O. nubilalis larvae as well as or better than Jubilee + permethrin, a predominant management combination in the midwestern United States. In 1992, two untreated resistant hybrids, and 4 treated with B. thuringiensis controlled total larvae as well as Jubilee + permethrin. In addition, 2 of the hybrids treated with B. thuringiensis consistently provided >95% control of late instars (3rd-5th) in the com ear. Based on fresh market standards (no larvae or damage in ear, husk, or silk), ear protection from 4 of 5 resistant hybrids treated with B. thuringiensis did not differ from Jubilee + permethrin. Based on processing marketability (no larvae or damage on ear kernels), all 5 resistant hybrids treated with B. thuringiensis were not different from the conventional management strategy. Population densities of generalist predators did not differ between the untreated plots and those treated with B. thuringiensis; however, predator density was lower in the plots treated with permethrin. Results from this study suggest that the integration of resistant hybrids and B. thuringiensis can provide a viable alternative to insecticide-based O. nubilalis management programs for sweet com in the upper midwestern United States.
Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: Effects of process parameters on tensile properties:

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites have been intensively used for many applications due to their attractive properties. The increasing demand of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites is driving novel manufacturing processes to be in short manufacturing cycle time and low production cost, which is difficult to realize during carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites fabrication in common molding processes. Fused deposition modeling, as one of the additive manufacturing techniques, has been reported for fabricating carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. The process parameters used in fused deposition modeling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites follow those in fused deposition modeling of pure plastic materials. After adding fiber reinforcements, it is crucial to investigate proper fused deposition modeling process parameters to ensure the quality of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling. However, there are no reported investigations o...