cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current methods for brow fixation: are they safe?

No single technique for fixation of the scalp after forehead-lift is universally accepted. Complications such as alopecia, loss of elevation, implant palpability, paresthesia, and dural injury are possible with the variety of techniques used currently. This anatomic study was designed to evaluate the thickness of the calvarium at selected points used in brow fixation. The depth of cranial penetration necessary for currently used techniques is measured and compared. In a study of 14 fresh adult cadavers, calvarial thickness was measured at selected points (A–F) used in various brow-lifting procedures. This was accomplished by drilling holes in selected points and using a depth gauge to measure thickness. Immediately adjacent to selected points, the cranium is prepared for brow fixation using the following techniques: cortical tunnels, 2.0-mm screw fixation (10, 12, and 14 mm), the Mitek 2.0-mm Quickanchor screw, and the Endotine 3.5 Forehead Device. The depths required for adequate fixation and the potential for cranial penetration through the inner table with all the standard techniques are compared. Depth analysis by mean values showed that sites posterior to the coronal suture (points C–F) were thickest. Depth analysis of sites stratified by gender showed that mean values for the thickness of female skulls were greater than those for males. A review of fixation methods found that cortical tunnels at 45° angles never penetrated the inner table in any of the 14 skulls. Mitek screws never penetrated the inner table, and one Endotine post penetrated the inner table on the left side of one cadaver skull. After placement of 10-, 12-, and 14-mm miniscrews at each of the sites, it was found that three penetrated the inner table. The penetrations all were at far lateral sites, posterior to the coronal suture. Variation in skull thickness exists among cadaver specimens at different sites on the skull. In this study, thickness increased medially and posteriorly. Women tended to have thicker skulls than men, and age was not a major variable. This is consistent with findings in previous work. Given the unpublished reports of inner table penetration, with cerebrospinal fluid leak after invasive brow fixation, it behooves the surgeon to keep in mind the anatomy of the calvarium and its nuances.
Smoothing across time in repeated cross‐sectional data

Repeated cross-sectional samples are common in national surveys of health like the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Because population health outcomes generally evolve slowly, pooling data across years can improve the precision of current-year annual estimates of disease prevalence and other health outcomes. Pooling over time is particularly valuable in health disparities research, where outcomes for small groups are often of interest and pooling data across groups would bias disparity estimates. State-space modeling and Kalman filtering are appealing choices for smoothing data across time. However, filtering can be problematic when few time points are available, as is common with annual cross-sectional data. Problems arise because filtering relies on estimated variance components, which can be biased and imprecise when estimated with small samples, especially when estimated in tandem with linear trends. We conduct a simulation study showing that even when trends and variance components are estimated poorly, smoothing with these estimates can improve the mean squared error (MSE) of estimated health states for multiple racial/ethnic groups when the variance components are estimated with the pooled sample. We consider frequentist estimators with no trends, one common trend across groups, and separate trends for every group, as well as shrinkage estimators of trends through a Bayesian model. We show that the Bayesian model offers the greatest improvement in MSE, and that Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)-based model averaging of the frequentist estimators with different trend assumptions performs nearly as well. We present empirical examples using the NHIS data.
Unitary evolution of perturbations of a two-dimensional black hole ∗

We discuss massive scalar perturbations of a two-dimensional dilaton black hole. We employ a Pauli-Villars regularization scheme to calculate the effect of the scalar perturbation on the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. By concentrating on the dynamics of the scalar field near the horizon, we argue that quantum effects alter the effective potential. We calculate
An Improvement to the High-Spectral-Resolution CO2-Slicing Cloud-Top Altitude Retrieval

Abstract An improvement to high-spectral-resolution infrared cloud-top altitude retrievals is compared to existing retrieval methods and cloud lidar measurements. The new method, CO2 sorting, determines optimal channel pairs to which the CO2 slicing retrieval will be applied. The new retrieval is applied to aircraft Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) measurements. The results are compared to existing passive retrieval methods and coincident Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) measurements. It is demonstrated that when CO2 sorting is used to select channel pairs for CO2 slicing there is an improvement in the retrieved cloud heights when compared to the CPL for the optically thin clouds (total optical depths less than 1.0). For geometrically thick but tenuous clouds, the infrared retrieved cloud tops underestimated the cloud height, when compared to those of the CPL, by greater than 2.5 km. For these cases the cloud heights retrieved by the S-HIS correlated closely with the level at which the CPL...
Community Resilience: Fostering Recovery, Sustainability, and Growth

In this chapter, the authors define community resilience and identify the components that predict it will occur. Three dimensions are highlighted: recovery, sustainability, and growth. Their discussion focuses on communities like those of Sudanese refugees who have experienced forced migration, emphasizing the importance that community plays to future adaptation. They show through their report on their research that community collaboration, shared identity, and empowerment increase bonding and bridging capital that promote the well-being of people under stress. They argue that an emphasis on community resilience places value on the social connections, policies, programs, and community context necessary for resilience in different cultures and contexts.
May God repay you: the tenet of 'baraji' in southern Mali, West Africa

Muslims in the West African state of Mali use baraji , which translates from Bambara as ‘divine reward’ or ‘recompense’, as a criterion for understanding proper religious practice. The concept also drives Muslims’ lifelong aim to acquire the unspecified amount of merit that God requires for a person to enter paradise. Drawing from life history and ethnographic research, this piece deepens understanding of West African Islam by exploring the Qur’anic basis of baraji and situates the concept as a form of value through which Muslims discern the complementary places of different ritual practices and daily choices in their lives. In order to understand the ways that Malian Muslims seek measurable units of baraji to benefit both the living and the dead, this study also shows how kin earn baraji on one another’s behalf, especially through posthumous sacrifices. By doing so, the article highlights death as a process in which the acquisition of baraji continues through kin and sacrifices, revealing West African Islam as embedded in daily social life and relations with one’s ancestors.
Frozen-shoulder syndrome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

This study brings out several convincing statistical conclusions of a positive nature: 1. The high incidence of frozen shoulder in a tuberculosis sanitarium. 2. The great majority of patients were in the age group of forty to sixty years. 3. The onset is generally three to six months after admission to hospital and after prolonged bed rest. 4. The majority of cases occurred in patients with fairly severe lung disease and general debility. 5. The clinical course is fairly long, but relatively mild. 6. The end results are good despite minimal therapy. There are also several convincing conclusions of a negative nature. There is: 1. No significant variation according to sex. 2. No significant predilection for shoulder lesion according to a particular side of the body. 3. No significant correlation with pulmonary lesion according to a particular side of the body. 4. No significant correlation with previous shoulder symptoms. 5. No significant correlation with patients' nervous reaction or the periarthritic personality.
Mitigating the Impact of Functional Dominance in Cross‐Functional Process Improvement Teams

Manufacturing process improvement teams often draw upon cross-functional expertise. However, teams dominated by a single or few functions often do not achieve the desired interdisciplinary learning and cooperation, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of that cross-functional team. Through an empirical analysis of 149 manufacturing process improvement teams in six SIC industrial categories, we show that even after controlling for several factors such as team size, number of functions, gender diversity, ethnicity, number of management levels, and geographic dispersion of team members, psychological safety of work environment fully mediates the relationship between functional dominance and team performance. We also confirm that a team leader possessing high interpersonal justice mitigates the deficiency of dominated teams and improves team performance by fostering a psychologically safe work environment. Our recommendation therefore is that when a dominated team is unavoidable due to the needed skill sets or other organizational considerations, to ensure success it is imperative that the firm chooses a team leader who can promote psychological safety by being just, and who can effectively encourage input from all functional team members and give them objective feedback.
Intestinal absorption of cardiac steroids.

Summary1. Six cardiotonic steroids—digitoxin, lanatoside E, acetyl strophanthidin, ouabain, bufalin and bovoside A—have been compared with reference to intestinal absorption in dogs with a chronic jejunal loop. 2. Because of the dominance of vomiting before electrocardiographic changes took place the median emetic dose was estimated after intravenous and intrajejunal injections in order to appraise the absorbability of each steroid from the intestine. 3. In the dog digitoxin and acetyl strophanthidin were more easily absorbed than lanatoside E and bufalin. Ouabain was least absorbed—less than 5%. Although bovoside easily crossed the intestinal membrane it produced persistent loss of appetite resulting in death.
Frustration and multicriticality in the antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain

The antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain has a venerable history and has been thought to be well understood. Here, we show that inclusion of both next-nearest-neighbor $(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ and biquadratic $(\ensuremath{\beta})$ interactions results in a rich phase diagram with a multicritical point that has not been observed before. We study the problem using a combination of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), an analytic variational matrix product state wave function, and conformal field theory. For negative $\ensuremath{\beta}l{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$, we establish the existence of a spontaneously dimerized phase, separated from the Haldane phase by the critical line ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}(\ensuremath{\beta})$ of second-order phase transitions. In the opposite regime, $\ensuremath{\beta}g{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$, the transition from the Haldane phase becomes first order into the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) AKLT phase. Based on the field theoretical arguments and DMRG calculations, we find that these two regimes are separated by a multicritical point $({\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{*})$ of a different universality class, described by the level-4 SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal theory. From the DMRG calculations, we estimate this multicritical point to lie in the range $\ensuremath{-}0.2l{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}l\ensuremath{-}0.15$ and $0.47l{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{*}l0.53$. We further find that the dimerized and NNN-AKLT phases are separated from each other by a line of first-order phase transitions that terminates at the multicritical point. We establish that transitions out of the Haldane phase into the dimer or NNN-AKLT phases are topological in nature and occur either with or without closing of the bulk gap, respectively. We also study short-range incommensurate-to-commensurate transitions in the resulting phase diagram. Inside the Haldane phase, we show the existence of two incommensurate crossovers: the Lifshitz transition and the disorder transition of the first kind, marking incommensurate correlations in momentum and real space, respectively. Notably, these crossover lines stretch across the entire $(\ensuremath{\beta},\ensuremath{\alpha})$ phase diagram, merging into a single incommensurate-to-commensurate transition line for negative $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$ inside the dimer phase. This behavior is qualitatively similar to that seen in classical frustrated two-dimensional spin models, by way of the quantum (1+1)D to classical 2D correspondence.
The Effect of Freestream Turbulence on Film Cooling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Adiabatic Effectiveness Using Compound Angle Holes

The film-cooling performance of a flat plate in the presence of low and high freestream turbulence is investigated using thermochromic liquid crystal thermography. Distributions of the convective heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic effectiveness are determined over the film-cooled surface of the flat plate. Three blowing rates are investigated for a model with one hole oriented at a compound angle of 45° and with an injection angle of 30° from the flat plate surface. An increase in heat transfer coefficient due to mass injection is clearly observed in the images and is quantitatively determined for both the low and high freestream turbulence cases. The increase in heat transfer coefficient is greater than in previously published research, possibly due to the use of different, more representative thermal boundary conditions upstream of the injection location. At low blowing ratio, freestream turbulence is shown to reduce the adiabatic effectiveness due to increased mixing between the cooling air and the main flow. However, at high blowing ratio, when much of the jet has lifted off in the low turbulence case, high freestream turbulence turns its increased mixing into an asset, entraining some of the coolant that penetrates into the main flow and mixing it with the air near the surface. This paper also contributes high-resolution contour plots that show the wider spreading of cooling air over the film-cooled surface as a result of high turbulence, and the asymmetric regions of high heat transfer.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Spermodochidium, An Unusual Type of Spermatial Fruit-Body in the Ascomycetes

In 1851, Tulasne,2 in a paper on the reproductive apparatus of the Lichens and Fungi, written in French, designated what were then generally regarded as the male organs and male gametes of the Lichens as "spermogonies" and "spermaties" respectively. In 1852,3 in a memoire on the Lichens, he again made use of these terms but gave to them Latin forms-spermagonia and spermatia. In 1853, de Bary 4 adopted the terms spermogonia and spermatia for the homologous organs and their products in the Rust Fungi, and he thus followed a suggestion that had been made by Tulasne in 1851.
Age, Socioeconomic Status and Human Abilities

The effects of age and socioeconomic status (SES) on the twelve ability tests of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) were examined with a population of 1146 healthy men between 25 and 83 years of age. The main effects of Age and SES were highly significant and of about equal size. The interaction effect was not significant, indicating that Age and SES do not interact in this ability domain. All twelve tests had highly significant declines with Age but the magnitudes of the declines differed greatly. Most affected by Age was the psychomotor test, Disassemble, while least affected were Arithmetic Reason and Vocabulary. Nine tests showed highly significant SES differences with Computation most differentiating followed by Mark Making, 3D—Space, Vocabulary and Arithmetic Reason. Unrelated to SES were the manual dexterity tests of Place, Turn, and Disassemble. Only 3D-Space was highly related to both Age and SES.
Effect of dietary insulin on the response of suckling mice enterocytes to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin

Effect of insulin on the response of suckling mice to the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) was studied. Four groups (8-10 in each group) of 2-day-old Swiss Webster suckling mice were used. For this study, 5, 10, 25 and 50 micrograms of insulin was given orally to half the mice in each group for 7 days. The rest of the mice in each group were given normal saline as intra-litter controls. After 7 days, a suckling mouse assay in which 1 microgram of STa was given to all mice in insulin-treated and control groups was performed. Enterocyte suspensions were prepared from mice in all groups. Intestinal tissue samples were taken for electron microscopy. Interaction of STa with its putative receptor on the enterocytes was evaluated using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The suckling mouse assay revealed a significant increase in the gut weight to body weight ratio in all mice in the insulin-treated groups compared to control mice (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence analyses suggested that insulin had an up-regulatory effect on the STa-receptor level. Similarly, insulin was found to increase intestinal brush border membrane differentiation as indicated by the increase in the inward movement of milk particles through the intestinal mucosa. Insulin seems to modify the structure-function of the brush border membrane including the response of suckling mice to STa. This study may provide further insights into the mechanism of STa/receptor interaction, which is a major cause of diarrhea in newborn animals and human infants.
Constructing Alternatives: Envisioning a Critical Psychology of Prefigurative Politics

Psychological contributions to social movement scholarship have disproportionately concentrated on a "politics of demand", rather than on a "politics of the act", or prefigurative politics. Prefigurative actors, rather than making demands of power-holders, take direct action aimed at creating change in the ‘here and now’ by constructing alternative modes of being and interacting that reflect a given movement’s desired social transformations. Given that the prefigurative process takes place within and between individuals—with aims of changing the macrostructure by altering micro-relations—psychological perspectives are imperative to their understanding. Despite relevant theories and concepts, a psychology of prefiguration has yet to emerge. This theoretical discussion explores several reasons why prefigurative practices have been largely overlooked and at times misunderstood within mainstream social movement scholarship, traces the distinctive dimensions of prefiguration deserving of further (especially psychological) inquiry, and calls for methodological techniques both responsive to the context-driven nature of prefigurative praxis and consistent with the ‘bottom-up’ approach embodied within these unique spaces of resistance. After highlighting important points of disjuncture and possibility within the study of prefiguration, this discussion offers critical questions and methods aimed to envision and invigorate a critical psychology of prefigurative politics.
Soft hydrated sliding interfaces as complex fluids

Hydrogel surfaces are biomimics for sensing and mobility systems in the body such as the eyes and large joints due to their important characteristics of flexibility, permeability, and integrated aqueous component. Recent studies have shown polymer concentration gradients resulting in a less dense region in the top micrometers of the surface. Under shear, this gradient is hypothesized to drive lubrication behavior due to its rheological similarity to a semi-dilute polymer solution. In this work we map 3 distinct lubricating regimes between a polyacrylamide surface and an aluminum annulus using stepped-velocity tribo-rheometry over 5 decades of sliding speed in increasing and decreasing steps. These regimes, characterized by weakly or strongly time-dependent response and thixotropy-like hysteresis, provide the skeleton of a lubrication curve for hydrogel-against-hard material interfaces and support hypotheses of polymer mechanics-driven lubrication. Tribo-rheometry is particularly suited to uncover the lubrication mechanisms of complex interfaces such as are formed with hydrated hydrogel surfaces and biological surfaces.
Note, Beyond the Rhetoric of Comparative Interest Balancing: An Alternative Approach to Extraterritorial Discovery Conflicts

In recognition of these deficiencies of comparative interest balancing, this note proposes not a better rule of law, but rather a more realistic and coherent process for extraterritorial decision-making in cases involving conflict between discovery and foreign blocking statutes. This note focuses on the distinction between interest balancing within the realm of "private law" and "public law." The critical difference lies in the fact that interest balancing in public law cases has operated as a means of asserting the primacy of U.S. interests'' in the guise of applying a "jurisdictional rule of reason." Although courts profess to apply a comparative interest balancing approach, in public law cases they actually exercise enforcement jurisdiction whenever more than a de minimis U.S. interest is present; consideration of foreign interests is rarely more than perfunctory. Only in private law cases are courts willing to defer to foreign interests. This note seeks to conform the courts' rhetoric to reality by providing an analytical framework which acknowledges that interest analysis has actually been, by necessity, unilateral and non-comparative.
The synthesis of a silver hexagon using a diiminoisoindoline-based ligand

Abstract Diiminoisoindoline (DII) can be modified with primary amines to afford bis-substituted heterocycles. Although the metal binding chemistry of isoindoline-based macrocycles and chelates has been explored, the corresponding chemistry of hydrocarbon substituted diiminoisoindolines remains open. The reaction of the bis(benzylimino)isoindoline with AgNO3 affords a Ag6 cluster complexed by four equivalents of ligand. The cluster exhibits a previously unknown argentophilic geometry. The Ag6 unit forms a compressed hexagon, comprised of two Ag3 triangles that are linked together to form a parallelogram. The argentophilic interactions range from ~ 2.76 to ~ 3.17 A.
Integrating Concern for Animals into Personal Values

ABSTRACTRecent scholarship in human–animal relationships demonstrates that new theoretical insights emerge when these relationships are seriously considered. We suggest that the most prominent measures of values in the environmental decision-making research literature, the Schwartz approach, may not adequately capture key aspects of how individuals value animals. Our research used confirmatory factor analysis and ordinary least squares regression techniques on data collected from an Amazon Mechanical Turk online survey. It expands on the values commonly used in the environmental decision-making literature to consider whether there is a distinct value dimension focused on animals. Our suggestion that a “concern for animals” value orientation constitutes a motivation that is separate from the other values commonly used in research on environmental decision-making finds support in our data. Traditional scaling methods indicate that the items we created have high reliability when used to form an unweighted ad...
The Impact of a High Stakes Teacher Evaluation System: Educator Perspectives on Accountability

The use of student achievement data to evaluate an individual teacher's effectiveness has become a new focus in educational policy. This article focuses on the underresearched teacher perception of this new policy measure. Drawing on ethnographic research procedures, this article explores how first-grade teachers in one state navigated a new high-stakes teacher evaluation system. Although the results indicate that teachers have a desire for accountability, findings also show a variety of beliefs on the validity of teacher evaluation, as well as differing applications of scoring measures across school contexts.
Testing Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Against Implementation Intentions to Discourage Counterintentional Cell Phone Use

Although college students may recognize that, at some times, cell phone use can be inappropriate (e.g., during a class lecture) or even life-threatening (e.g., while driving), they may still respond to calls or text messages in these situations in order to reap short-term rewards or eliminate uncomfortable thoughts or feelings. This study tested the prediction that mindfulness-based acceptance training may help prevent counterintentional cell phone use among college students. The mindfulness-based intervention was tested against implementation intention planning. Both of these strategies have been successfully used in numerous contexts to help people resist temptations and deal with distracting thoughts or urges. Participants perceived implementation intention planning to be more helpful than mindfulness training with reducing temptation to respond to calls and text messages as well as with reducing distraction caused by the phone. However, compared to control participants who only received a message about the consequences of cell phone distraction, students who received both the message and mindfulness training were significantly less likely to respond to a text message during their class time. Class time texting behavior did not differ significantly between the implementation intention condition and the message-only control condition. Only informing students about the potential negative consequences of cell phone use in certain situations may not be sufficient for preventing counterintentional cell phone use. Teaching students how to inhibit this behavior also is important. Mindfulness-based acceptance may be a promising technique to teach students how to prevent class-time cell phone use.
Scientists as Sleepwalkers

Does the research worker know what he is doing, and to what extent? I shall not answer this problem but merely present and explain it.
Non-dimensional analysis of depth, orientation, and alignment in acoustic power transfer systems

Acoustic power transfer systems are typically comprised of an electrical source, acoustic transmitter (TX), medium through which the acoustic waves propagate, acoustic receiver (RX) and an electrical load. The voltage generated across and power delivered to the load from the TX is a function of RX position (depth, orientation, and alignment relative to the TX), frequency, TX and RX diameter, and source and load impedance. In applications where the RX position is not fixed, such as in implantable medical devices, slight disturbances in RX position can result in a severe reduction in load voltage and power. Therefore, the sensitivity of voltage and power as a function of RX position is crucial to system design. This paper presents an analysis of the load voltage and power as a function of RX depth, orientation, alignment, frequency, RX and TX diameter, and load impedance. Design graphs are developed and presented as a means of visualizing the sensitivity of voltage and power to system parameters. Non-dimensional design graphs are then generated to broaden the applicability of simulation results.
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

The second largest autosome has satellites. Two types of X have been described within strains. It may have prominent short arms or none. The Y is polymorphic among strains, acrocentric and the smallest element with positive heteropyknosis or, equal in size to medium-sized autosomal acrocentrics without heteropyknosis.
Coronary Atheroma Burden Is the Main Determinant of Patient Outcome: But How Much Detail Is Needed?

See Article by Lee et al Our common approach to evaluating patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD) is in transition. For decades, we relied on myocardial ischemia testing as the first-line assessment—largely because we were not capable of noninvasively evaluating the coronary arterial anatomy. Three landmark clinical trials in the 1980s established that (1) mortality risk in patients with CHD increases with the extent and location of coronary atherosclerotic disease, and (2) only patients with severe CHD, that is, those with left main, 3-vessel, or 2-vessel disease involving the proximal left anterior descending artery, derive a survival benefit with surgical revascularization.1 Contemporary clinical trials in patients with stable CHD, for example, COURAGE (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation) and STICH (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure), confirmed the importance of the coronary anatomy for patient outcome while demonstrating that myocardial ischemia testing, on the contrary, does not hold similar, independent prognostic significance.2,3 To this date, recommendations by clinical practice guidelines for coronary artery revascularization in stable patients with CHD (with intent to improve survival) rest on the coronary anatomy.4 Because of the risks and costs associated with cardiac catheterization, however, patients have been only subjected to invasive coronary angiography if their pretest probability is high. Myocardial stress testing has been used on a wide scale since the 1950s for the assessment of CHD and developed to a gatekeeper for cardiac catheterization. With the availability of directly visualizing coronary atherosclerosis by noninvasive computed tomographic (CT) coronary angiography, the role of myocardial stress testing as the first-line test has been challenged. Coronary CT angiography is more accurate than myocardial stress testing for detecting CHD, and CT is superior for risk stratification.5,6 Pooled data from PROMISE …
Morning Fatigue Severity Profiles in Oncology Outpatients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Background Morning fatigue is a distinct symptom experienced during chemotherapy that demonstrates significant interindividual variability. Objectives The aims of this study were to identify subgroups with distinct morning fatigue profiles and evaluate how these subgroups differed by demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics. Methods Outpatients (N = 1332) with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer completed questionnaires 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Morning fatigue was assessed with the Lee Fatigue Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct morning fatigue profiles. Results Four morning fatigue profiles (ie, very low, low, high, and very high) were identified. In the high and very high classes, all 6 morning fatigue scores were higher than the clinical cutoff score. Compared with those in the very low and low classes, patients in the very high class were younger and not married/partnered; lived alone; had higher incomes, higher comorbidity, and higher body mass index; and did not exercise regularly. Across the 4 classes, functional status and attentional function scores decreased and anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, morning fatigue, and evening fatigue scores increased across the 2 cycles. Conclusion Results provide insights into modifiable risk factors for morning fatigue. These risk factors can be used to develop more targeted interventions. Implications for practice Patients in the high and very high morning fatigue classes experienced high symptom and comorbidity burdens and significant decrements in functional status. Using this information, clinicians can identify patients who are at an increased risk for higher levels of morning fatigue and prescribe interventions to improve this devastating symptom.
Are School Personnel Liable for Money Damages under the IDEA or Section 504 and the ADA

This brief article addresses the question of whether the Individuals with Disabilities Act or Section 504 and its sister statute, the Americans with Disabilities Act, provides for the liability of ...
Editor's choice 2006: Selected online learning resources

Abstract This article is an annual compilation of useful resources that pertain to the field of online learning and uses of the Internet for instructional delivery. Over 250 resources are organized into several categories, including texts, journals, and websites.
Deep intelligent network for device-free people tracking: WIP abstract

Recent radio frequency (RF) sensing techniques use a network of RF sensors to detect and locate people that do not carry any devices and can operate in non line-of-sight environments. Model-based device-free RF sensing systems use statistical models to quantify human presence and motion based on the received RF signal measurements. However, such methods often require the fine tuning of multiple model-dependent parameters in order to achieve sub meter accuracy. In this work, we propose to use deep neural networks together with visual tracking systems to effectively generate training data so as to learn a general model. Our method can automatically produce human motion and occupancy images from RF sensor network measurements without the need for manual RF model parameter tuning.
Is Intimate Partner Violence a Barrier to Breastfeeding? An Analysis of the 2015 Indian National Family Health Survey

Women in India experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and low rates of adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) breastfeeding guidelines, contributing to poor maternal and child health outcomes. However, there is little evidence for how IPV might influence ability to adhere to these guidelines in India. This study examines how different forms and severity levels of IPV are associated with current infant feeding behavior throughout the first year of life in an effort to begin to fill this gap in the literature and provide information to improve infant feeding programs. Data are analyzed from the 2015 Indian National Family Health Survey. The sample comprised women who reported initiating breastfeeding in the past 12 months and who were selected for the Domestic Violence Module (n = 6812). Two outcome variables were created to measure current adherence to the WHO breastfeeding guidelines for mothers of 1) infants 6 months and younger and 2) infants 7 to 12 months. Two logistic regression models were fit to measure associations between the outcome variables and non-severe physical violence, severe physical violence, and sexual violence. Less than one-third of women reported adhering to WHO breastfeeding guidelines. Only severe physical violence was significantly associated with lower odds of current exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants 0 to 6 months. This analysis advances the understanding of how IPV is associated with suboptimal breastfeeding behavior by categorizing the severity of violence and including infants through the first year of life. The results suggest it may be crucial to focus intervention efforts on mothers with younger infants if the negative health effects of early weaning are to be avoided. Additional study of IPV in mothers of older infants should focus on the temporality of violence, which may elucidate additional findings regarding IPV and breastfeeding in this population.
Uncertainty and Rhetoric: Letting the numbers speak for themselves

While past research has examined how language acts as an antecedent to various organizational outcomes, we seek to uncover the antecedents of organizational language. Specifically, we examine how t...
Single Port and Multiport Approaches for Robotic Vaginoplasty With the Davydov Technique.

Abstract Objectives To demonstrate the feasibility, surgical technique and initial outcomes of robotic vaginoplasty with peritoneal flap (Davydov) technique for vaginal reconstruction. Methods Following appropriate preoperative patient counseling, 11 consecutive patients underwent robotic vaginoplasty with the da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale CA) multi-port Xi and single port (SP) robotic platforms. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes of interest were retrospectively collected. Results Between March 2019 and October 2019, a total of 11 patients have undergone robotic vaginoplasty with peritoneal flap technique at our institution – 9 using the da Vinci SP platform and 2 using the da Vinci Xi platform. Reasons for vaginoplasty included primary gender-affirming genital reconstruction, vaginal stenosis after gender confirmation surgery, and vaginal hypoplasia secondary to disorders of sexual development. Mean operative time was 267.2 +/- 85.9 minutes. Initial post-operative mean vaginal depth was 13.9 +/- 0.5 cm. Mean estimated blood loss was 131.8 +/- 92.9 ml. Mean length of stay was 5.2 +/- 0.6 days and time to return of bowel function was 1.7 +/- 0.9 days. Thirty-day readmission rate was 18% (N = 2/11) with 1 patient (9%) requiring surgical revision of the neovagina. Conclusions Robotic-assisted Davydov technique is a potentially applicable, efficacious and safe method of vaginal reconstruction in cis-gender and transgender individuals.
Heterogeneous kinetics of photoinduced cross-linking of silica nanoparticles with surface-tethered anthracenes

Abstract Anthracene (AN) attachment to silica nanoparticles leads to multiple fluorescence lifetimes, due to different environments on the silica surface. Under ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination, the AN surface groups undergo a [4 + 4] photodimerization reaction that cross-links the nanoparticles and induces aggregation. The kinetics of both intra- and inter-particle photochemical reactions are measured by monitoring changes in the surface-bound AN absorbance at different nanoparticle concentrations. Our results confirm that the AN photodimerization reaction can be used to cross-link silica NPs but also suggest that silica’s chemical heterogeneity enables competing reactions that reduce the efficiency of the photochemical cross-linking.
Prevalence of Diabetes Medication Intensifications in Older Adults Discharged From US Veterans Health Administration Hospitals.

Importance Elevated blood glucose levels are common in hospitalized older adults and may lead clinicians to intensify outpatient diabetes medications at discharge, risking potential overtreatment when patients return home. Objective To assess how often hospitalized older adults are discharged with intensified diabetes medications and the likelihood of benefit associated with these intensifications. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study examined patients aged 65 years and older with diabetes not previously requiring insulin. The study included patients who were hospitalized in a Veterans Health Administration hospital for common medical conditions between 2011 and 2013. Main Outcomes and Measures Intensification of outpatient diabetes medications, defined as receiving a new or higher-dose medication at discharge than was being taken prior to hospitalization. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to control for patient and hospitalization characteristics. Results Of 16 178 patients (mean [SD] age, 73 [8] years; 15 895 [98%] men), 8535 (53%) had a preadmission hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) level less than 7.0%, and 1044 (6%) had an HbA1clevel greater than 9.0%. Overall, 1626 patients (10%) were discharged with intensified diabetes medications including 781 (5%) with new insulins and 557 (3%) with intensified sulfonylureas. Nearly half of patients receiving intensifications (49% [791 of 1626]) were classified as being unlikely to benefit owing to limited life expectancy or already being at goal HbA1c, while 20% (329 of 1626) were classified as having potential to benefit. Both preadmission HbA1clevel and inpatient blood glucose recordings were associated with discharge with intensified diabetes medications. Among patients with a preadmission HbA1clevel less than 7.0%, the predicted probability of receiving an intensification was 4% (95% CI, 3%-4%) for patients without elevated inpatient blood glucose levels and 21% (95% CI, 15%-26%) for patients with severely elevated inpatient blood glucose levels. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, 1 in 10 older adults with diabetes hospitalized for common medical conditions was discharged with intensified diabetes medications. Nearly half of these individuals were unlikely to benefit owing to limited life expectancy or already being at their HbA1cgoal.
Establishment and evaluation of isolated eye superfusion system

Objective To establish the isolated eye superfusion system (IESS) and evaluate its maintenance for normal appearance and functions of isolated eyes. Methods According to bionics principles, a home-made IESS was developed with reference to literatures and adapted to special condition of our experiment. Eight healthy isolated rabbit eyes were selected to be placed in the IESS and studied for the opacity, fluorescein retention, edema and histopathology over time so as to evaluate the capacities of IESS.These measurements were performed every two weeks for 3 times. Results A patented IESS was successfully designed and manufactured. Three sessions of evaluation did not identify any histopathological changes in the cornea, as reflected by the within-normal measurements for corneal opacity scores (0.00±0.00, 0.01±0.03 and 0.00±0.01), fluorescein retention scores (0.03±0.09, 0.00±0.00 and 0.03±0.09), and rates of corneal edema [(2.06±1.63)%, (2.83±1.93)% and (2.03± 1.19)% ].The IESS showed good functional stability, and there were no significant ditferences among the three sessions of measurement for each parameter (P＞0.05). Conclusions IESS can maintain the normal appearance and function of the isolated eyes throughout the whole experimental periods. The high stability and reliability of IESS may support its use for short-term storage of experimental isolated eyes. Key words: Animal testing alternatives; Physical stimulation; Corneal edema; Fluorescein retention; Isolated eye superfusion system
Structure and diversity of Fusarium communities inhabiting non-cultivated grass inflorescences in New York State

The structure and diversity of wild grass spike-inhabiting Fusarium communities are not well understood. Fifteen common, non-cultivated grasses were surveyed across two years, regions, and land use...
The Resistant Soybean-Aphis glycines Interaction: Current Knowledge and Prospects

Soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) are invasive insect pests of soybean, and they cause significant yield losses. Resistance to soybean aphids is conferred by Resistance to Aphis glycines (Rag) genes. Since the first discovery of aphid-resistant soybean genotypes in 2004, several studies have attempted to characterize Rag genes from aphid-resistant soybean genotypes. To date, 12 Rag genes and four quantitative trait loci for aphid resistance have been reported on soybean chromosomes 07, 08, 13, 16, and 17. Although candidate genes have been proposed for several discovered Rag loci, additional studies are needed to pinpoint, validate, and further explain the potential mechanisms of Rag gene action. A major challenge to utilizing host plant resistance is the discovery of virulent aphid biotypes that can colonize aphid-resistant soybean. This occurrence suggests the need for additional studies to devise strategies to enhance the effectiveness of aphid-resistant soybean. In this mini review, we discuss current knowledge on the resistant soybean-Aphis glycines interaction, potential mechanisms of Rag gene action, opportunities to discover new Rag genes, and prospects for utilization of host plant resistance to manage soybean aphids. A clearer understanding of host plant resistance to soybean aphids will guide researchers on strategies for developing soybean varieties with more durable aphid resistance, reducing the present challenge of virulent aphid biotypes.
How a Medical Director Saved Me.

Abstract Medical directors play a critical role in the education and support of crewmembers to ensure the delivery of safe medical care to patients of transport programs. This article reflects back on critical lessons learned with the gentle and expert guidance of an effective medical director and highlights the potential for enhanced roles for those medical directors anxious to impact the lives of patients and those crewmembers who strive to render outstanding care.
Mutant thermal proteome profiling for characterization of missense protein variants and their associated phenotypes within the proteome.

Temperature-sensitive (TS) missense mutants have been foundational for characterization of essential gene function. However, an unbiased approach for analysis of biochemical and biophysical changes in TS missense mutants within the context of their functional proteomes is lacking. We applied MS-based thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to investigate the proteome-wide effects of missense mutations in an application that we refer to as mutant thermal proteome profiling (mTPP). This study characterized global impacts of temperature sensitivity–inducing missense mutations in two different subunits of the 26S proteasome. The majority of alterations identified by RNA-Seq and global proteomics were similar between the mutants, which could suggest that a similar functional disruption is occurring in both missense variants. Results from mTPP, however, provide unique insights into the mechanisms that contribute to the TS phenotype in each mutant, revealing distinct changes that were not obtained using only steady-state transcriptome and proteome analyses. Computationally, multisite λ-dynamics simulations add clear support for mTPP experimental findings. This work shows that mTPP is a precise approach to measure changes in missense mutant–containing proteomes without the requirement for large amounts of starting material, specific antibodies against proteins of interest, and/or genetic manipulation of the biological system. Although experiments were performed under permissive conditions, mTPP provided insights into the underlying protein stability changes that cause dramatic cellular phenotypes observed at nonpermissive temperatures. Overall, mTPP provides unique mechanistic insights into missense mutation dysfunction and connection of genotype to phenotype in a rapid, nonbiased fashion.
Common femoral artery erosion as a source of thromboembolic acute limb ischemia

Abstract We have reported a case of delayed hip prosthetic erosion into the common femoral artery (CFA) 3 years after implantation. The patient had initially presented with left lower extremity acute limb ischemia secondary to a popliteal artery embolism. However, the metal artifact around the hip joint prevented CFA evaluation using conventional imaging. Diagnostic angiography with intraoperative intravascular ultrasound revealed CFA dilatation with adherent intraluminal thrombus. Open surgical repair showed hip prosthesis erosion through the posterior wall of the CFA. Our findings emphasize the necessity for a thorough, multimodal embolic workup and the usefulness of intravascular ultrasound as an adjunctive tool for intravascular anatomy evaluation.
Catch me if you can: superspreading of COVID-19.

While significant insights have been gained concerning COVID-19, superspreading of coronaviruses remains a mystery. The vast majority of cases have been linked to a relatively small portion of infected individuals. Yet, the genetic sequence of the virus, severity of disease, and underlying host parameters, such as age, sex, and health conditions, are not clearly driving the superspreading phenomenon. In this commentary we discuss what is known and what is not known about coronavirus superspreader transmission and explore whether characteristics of the virion, the donor, or the environment contribute to this phenomenon.