cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CCS'12 co-located workshop summary for SPSM 2012

Mobile devices such as smartphones and Internet-capable tablets have achieved computing and networking capabilities comparable to traditional personal computers. Their successful consumerization has also become a source of pain for adopting users and organizations. The operating systems supporting these new devices have both advantages and disadvantages with respect to offered security. On one hand, they use application sandboxing to contain exploits and limit privileges given to malware. On the other hand, they collect and organize many forms of security- and privacy-sensitive information simply as a matter of operation, and make that information easily accessible to downloaded third-party applications.Recognizing smartphone security and privacy as the emerging area, this workshop intends to provide a venue for interested researchers and practitioners to get together and exchange ideas, thus to deepen our understanding to various security and privacy issues on smartphones, specifically the platforms such as iOS and Android. To this end, the workshop solicits both technical and position paper submissions with a variety of relevant topics and further strongly encourages novel paradigms and controversial ideas. With strong engagement from our community, the workshop emerges as a vibrant venue for creative debate and interaction in security- and privacy-sensitive areas of computing and communication broadly impacted by smartphones and mobile devices.
Computational investigation of axi-symmetric plume induced flow separation

Abstract The flow over a rocket may result in plume induced flow separation (PIFS) depending on flight conditions and nozzle-to-ambient pressure ratios. In the current study, the flow structure over a generic rocket model has been investigated to determine the conditions that would results in PIFS over the rocket body. The rocket used in the current study has a tangent-ogive nose with a length of 25.4 cm (nose length/diameter ∼ 4.0), followed by a 57.2-cm long cylindrical rocket body (overall length/diameter ∼ 13.0). A 45° conical nozzle with an exit Mach number of 2.7 (nozzle expansion ratio, e ∼1.786) was used to simulate the plume. The total temperature and the total pressure in the combustion chamber were kept as 3589 K (6000 °F), and 5.86 MPa ab (850 psia). The flow conditions investigated including flight Mach numbers from 0.7 to 2.0, at five different altitudes; 0, 3.05, 6.10, 9.14 and 12.2 km (0, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 feet). Based on the validation study using various eddy-viscosity turbulence models, the k-e RNG turbulence model was selected for the parametric study. PIFS is not observed at Mach numbers less than 1.0 up to altitudes including 9.1 km (30,000 ft), and occurs only between Mach 1.0 and 2.0. The Mach number range where PIFS is observed increases with increasing altitude. However at 12.2 km (40,000 ft) PIFS is observed at every Mach number considered, including subsonic range.
Methods of Measuring Multiracial Americans

This chapter offers (1) a brief history of the classification of racial and ethnic groups in the USA, (2) a description of how multiracial people (those whose immediate and/or more distant ancestors come from different racial or ethnic groups) are currently classified and accommodated, (3) a discussion of some of the methodological issues in doing research on multiracial Americans, including how they are counted, how they are perceived, how they identify themselves, what factors affect their self-identifications, and how their identifications change over time, and (4) an analysis of how current systems can be changed or improved to better include multiracial identities.
The Role Of Collaborative Scholarship In The Mentorship Of Doctoral Students

The work of a professor is the “scholarship of teaching” (Boyer, 1990). The strength of the teaching and learning environment is fostered by a dynamic interplay between the mentor (scholar) and the mentee (student). Boyer (1990) suggests that in order to be a scholar, one must have “a recognition that knowledge is acquired through research, through synthesis, through practice, and through teaching.” However, as the academy has placed increased emphasis on research productivity as a concrete measure of scholarship, faculty may lose sight of what it means to view teaching as a scholarship. For example, if mentorship collaborations (student/faculty, faculty/faculty) are not viewed as scholarship activities, faculty may limit the amount or depth of student mentorship or peer collaborations to pursue their own research endeavors and thereby compromise the scholarship of teaching. Research is needed to gain an understanding of how faculties view collaborative research in relation to the scholarship of teaching. The purpose of this paper is to first briefly describe the student-centered mentorship model for doctoral students proposed by Zipp and Olson (2008); second, to address the question, “Should the outcomes associated with this model be recognized as faculty scholarship?”; and third, to present pilot data of faculty perceptions on the role of collaborative scholarship in the mentorship of doctoral students.
A Full-Dimensional Robot Teleoperation Platform

In general, robot teleoperation system is conducted through either joysticks or game pads. Due to the requirement for the robot to function in several degrees of freedom, the system is usually complex and the users must be well trained to operate them (e.g., tilting the joystick to the left for rotating the robot to the right). To address this challenge, a full-dimensional infrared-matrix-based immersive robot teleoperation platform is proposed for users to program and control robots. The developed platform enables humans to manipulate specific parts of the robot directly through touching the corresponding component on the interface. The system can therefore provide intuitive operation allowing users to program and maneuver the robot with minimal training and even without robotics expertise. We describe the details of the hardware and software system implementation. In addition, we conduct two kinds of experiments for robot controlling according to user interaction in real-world human-robot collaboration contexts. Experimental results suggest that the developed platform can effectively assist humans in robot programming and operation without coding effort required.
Documenting Digital Projects: Instituting Guidelines for Digital Dissertations and Theses in the Humanities

Dissertations and theses with interactive digital components seldom fit neatly into the institutional format requirements designed for traditional humanities texts. This creates challenges for students, administrators, and librarians who are charged with preparing these works for library deposit. While disciplinary acceptance of digital dissertations in the humanities may be increasing across institutions, little attention is given to the mechanics of documenting and submitting such projects. Readers, also, are challenged to find and interpret digital projects that may not be entirely described in the accompanying paper. To address this, the authors examined a set of digital theses and dissertations at their institution to determine how these digital components might fit into traditional manuscript formatting guidelines. This article introduces the resulting set of local documentation guidelines for digital dissertations and theses aimed at improving access, preservation, and reproducibility.
The use of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate fluid volume changes as a function of the menstrual cycle.

Women commonly complain of somatic and/or psychological symptoms at certain times of the menstrual cycle, including abdominal bloating, weight gain, and swelling of the extremities. The severity of these complaints may vary and can occur in women with normal menstrual cycles as well as those with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Researchers have yet to identify an objective measure for assessing the physical complaints.
Synaptic integration by co-localized G protein-coupled receptors in presynaptic terminals

Abstract Presynaptic terminals have been little studied as sites of synaptic integration because of inaccessibility. Gi/o-mediated presynaptic inhibition is ubiquitous and either reduces release probability (Pr) by inhibiting Ca2+ entry or inhibits directly at SNARE complexes. At CA1-subicular presynapses, 5-HT1B and GABAB receptors colocalize. GABABRs inhibit Ca2+ entry, whereas 5-HT1BRs Ca2+-dependently target SNARE complexes. We demonstrate that GABABRs, alter Pr, but 5-HT1BRs reduce cleft glutamate concentrations allowing strong inhibition of AMPA-but not NMDA-receptor responses. Simulations of glutamate release and receptor binding demonstrates that experimental effects on release and low affinity antagonism are well-fit by reduced release rates. Train-dependent presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation forces frequency-dependent recovery of neurotransmission during 5-HT1BR activation, consistent with competition between Ca2+-synaptotagmin and Gβγ at SNARE complexes. Thus, stimulus trains in 5-HT unveil dynamic synaptic modulation and a sophisticated hippocampal output filter, that itself is modulated by colocalized GABABRs which alter presynaptic Ca2+ allowing complex presynaptic integration.
CoNotate: Suggesting Queries Based on Notes Promotes Knowledge Discovery

When exploring a new domain through web search, people often struggle to articulate queries because they lack domain-specific language and well-defined informational goals. Perhaps search tools rely too much on the query to understand what a searcher wants. Towards expanding this contextual understanding of a user during exploratory search, we introduce a novel system, CoNotate, which offers query suggestions based on analyzing the searcher’s notes and previous searches for patterns and gaps in information. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a within-subjects study where participants (n=38) conducted exploratory searches using a baseline system (standard web search) and the CoNotate system. The CoNotate approach helped searchers issue significantly more queries, and discover more terminology than standard web search. This work demonstrates how search can leverage user-generated content to help people get started when exploring complex, multi-faceted information spaces.
No, Judges Are Not Influenced by Outdoor Temperature (or Other Weather): Comment

Heyes and Saberian (AEJ-AE 2019) estimate from 2000-2004 data that outdoor temperature reduces U.S. immigration judges’ propensity to grant asylum. This estimate is the result of coding and data errors and of sample selection. Correcting the errors reduces the point estimate by two thirds, with a wide 95% confidence interval straddling zero. Enlarging the sample to 1990-2019 flips the point estimate’s sign and rules out the effect size reported in Heyes and Saberian with very high confidence. An analysis of all criminal sentencing decisions by U.S. federal district judges 1992-2003 yields no evidence of temperature or other weather effects either.
Ad Libitum Feeding in Broiler Breeder Hens Alters the Transcriptome of Granulosa Cells of Pre-Hierarchal Follicles.

Intense selective breeding of chickens has resulted in suboptimal egg production in broiler breeder hens. This reproductive phenotype is exacerbated by ad libitum feeding, which leads to excessive and disorganized follicular growth. One strategy used to improve broiler breeder hens’ reproductive efficiency is restricted feeding. In this study, we sought to identify transcriptional changes, which translate the level of dietary intake into increased follicle selection. Broiler breeder hens (n = 16 per group) were raised according to commercial guidelines until 28 weeks of age and then randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet (FF) or continued on a restricted diet (RF) for 6 weeks. Following dietary treatment, FF hens (n = 2) with excessive follicle selection and RF hens (n = 3) with normal follicle selection were selected for RNA-sequencing. Transcriptomes of granulosa cells from 6–8-mm follicles were sequenced to identify transcriptional differences in the follicle population from which selection was made for the preovulatory stage. Differential expression analysis identified several genes known to play a role in follicle development (CYP11A1, STAR, INHA, and INHBB) that are upregulated in FF hens. These changes in gene expression suggest earlier granulosa cell differentiation and steroidogenic competency in the granulosa layer from FF hens.
Jonathan Dickinson and the Formative Years of American Presbyterianism

One of the founders of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and its first president, Dickinson was a central figure during the First Great Awakening and one of the leading lights of colonial religious life. In this first-ever biography of the man, Bryan Le Beau examines Dickinson's writings and actions, showing him to have been a driving force in forming the American Presbyterian Church. Dickinson accommodated diverse traditions in the early church and grappled with the classic dilemma of American religious history - the simultaneous longing for freedom of conscience and the need for order - as he addressed concerns central to the early American religious experience, including denominationalism and religious liberty. This account of Dickinson's life and writings provides a rare window into a time of intense turmoil and creativity in American religious history.
Object Recognition and Segmentation

Both the ability to organize signal samples into symbolic primitives and the ability to recognize groups of symbolic primitives are necessary for machine perception. Just as a person must identify phonemes to form words to understand a sentence, a computer vision system must identify 3-D surfaces belonging to 3-D objects to understand a 3-D scene. That is, surface segmentation and object recognition are fundamental tasks in image understanding. Although the goal is to devise a data-driven algorithm that extracts surface primitives from images without knowledge of higher level objects, a systems approach is taken and the entire problem is examined first before attempting to solve a part of it.
Nonequilibrium resource competition

Population growth is generally a nonlinear function of resource availability, and species generally differ in their growth functions. These two facts can combine to create possibilities for nonequilibrium, but stable, coexistence of species that compete for resources. Stable coexistence requires appropriate differences between the growth and resource consumption functions of species, and environmental variability at appropriate time scales. A kind of neutral coexistence is also possible, wherein competitors persist for very long periods of time, because the rate at which inferior competitors are excluded is glacially slow. Neutral coexistence requires that competitors have very similar growth and resource consumption functions.
The power of myth in the IT workplace: Creating a 24‐hour workday during the dot‐com bubble

The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that managers of several IT companies, during the dot‐com bubble, used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to motivate and manipulate their employees. These managers motivated their employees to put in long hours at the worksite, to be continually on‐call, to intensify their work pace, and to self police their co‐programming teams. The methods used were qualitative social research including interviews, observations, self‐reported organizational charts and time diaries. This is a single case study conducted during a specific period of time. The implications discussed in this paper may provide insight to the managers of IT personnel who seek to motivate their employees to greater efficiency. This paper adds to a discussion on the role of myth in managing IT personnel.
Academic Achievement in Children Ten to 12 Years After Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

Academic achievement by 23 children 10 to 12 years after treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis was assessed using individually administered standardized tests, review of school transcripts, and parent and teacher questionnaires. The children9s performance was compared with (1) their own performance in a previous study 6 to 8 years after the illness; (2) the performance of 23 similarly aged siblings in the previous study, a comparison which served to age match subjects and sibling controls; and (3) the performance of 11 of those similarly aged siblings retested in the current study. Subjects scored in the average range on all measures. Scores were comparable to results 4 years previous in four of six academic measures, with minor deterioration in reading single words and decoding nonsense words. There were no differences between subjects in the current study and control subjects from the previous study, except in decoding nonsense words, and no differences between subjects and control subjects in the current study, except in paragraph reading accuracy. Scholastic grade point averages and scores on parent and teacher behavior problem-rating scales showed no group differences. Subjects used more school-based remedial services, although the trend did not achieve statistical significance. Parents reported spending more time with subjects than with control subjects helping with homework. These findings suggest that children who have recovered from meningitis due to H influenzae can maintain scores and grades comparable to their siblings as they progress to middle school. Their academic success may involve more school and family support to compensate for the mild differences in intelligence quotient and neuropsychologic testing found in the previous study.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF PAVEMENTS BY SURFACE WAVE METHOD

The spectra-analysis of surface waves (SASW) method is a seismic method that can be used to determine elastic modulus profiles of pavement sections nondestructively. This method is based upon the theory of stress wave propagation in layered media. The dispersive characteristics of measured surface waves are used for determining the elastic modulus and thickness of each layer in the profile. This paper contains a description of the in situ testing technique and the in-house data reduction procedure used in conducting SASW tests. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating situations where SASW tests can be utilized more effectively than other nondestructive tests. For example, when bedrock is present at shallow depths or when the pavement layers are thin, use of the SASW method may be preferred. Two case studies illustrating the accuracy, sensitivity, and limitations of the method are also included.
Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruptions1

Summary An account is given of the symptomatology and therapy in five cases of Kaposi's varicelliform eruptions in infants between the ages of five and nine months. In one case bacteriologic and serologic studies showed the presence of Staphylococci, and resistance determinations showed that these bacteria were sensitive only to streptomycin. The patient rapidly became afebrile and there was a considerable improvement in his condition after administration of this drug. Resume Eruptions varicelliformes de Kaposi. On relate la symptomatologie et la therapeutique mise en oeuvre dans cinq cas d'eruptions varicelliformes de Kaposi, chez des enfants de 5 a 9 mois. Dans un de ces cas, les etudes bacteriologiques et serologiques montrhrent la presence de staphylocoques, et les determinations de resistance montrerent que ces bactheies n'etaient sensibles qu'a la streptomycine. Le patient devint rapidement afebrile, et il y eut une amelioration considerable de son etat apres administration de ce produit. Zusammenfassung Kaposi's varicelliformige Ausschlage. Eine Darstellung der Symptomatologie und Therapie von funf Fallen an Kaposi's varicellenformigen Ausschlagen bei Sauglingen im Alter von 5–9 Monaten wird gegeben. In einem Fall zeigten die bakteriologischen und serologischen Untersuchungen das Vorhandensein von Staphylokokken. Bestimmungen der Resistenz zeigten, dass diese Bakterien nur auf Streptomycin empfindlich waren. Der Patient wurde sehr bald fieberfrei und nach Verabreichung dieser Medizin konnte man eine bedeutende Besserung in seinem Befinden konstatieren. Sumario Erupciora varicelifome de Kaposi. Se describe la sintomatologia y terapeutica de 5 casos de Erupcion variceliforme de Kaposi en ninos de 5 a 9 meses. En un caso el estudio bacteriologico y serologico demostro la presencia de estafilococos, y las determinaciones de resistencia demostraron que estas baclerias eran solamente sensibles a la Estreptomicina. El enfermo, luego de la administracion de esta droga se vuelve afebril y se comprueba una mejoria considerable de su condicion.
Die Messung quantenmechanischer Operatoren

Die ubliche Annahme der statistischen Deutung der Quantenmechanik, das alle hermiteschen Operatoren mesbare Grosen darstellen, wird wohl allgemein als eine bequeme mathematische Idealisierung und nicht als ein Ausdruck eines Tatbestandes anerkannt. Es wird hier gezeigt, das schon die Gultigkeit von Erhaltungssatzen fur gequantelte Grosen (wie der Drehimpulssatz oder der Satz fur die Erhaltung der elektrischen Ladung), die die Wechselwirkung von Mesobjekt und Mesapparat beherrschen, die Messung der meisten Operatoren nur als einen Grenzfall gestattet. Insbesondere sind die Bedingungen fur die Messung von Operatoren, die mit der Gesamtladung unvertauschbar sind, wahrscheinlich unerfullbar. Dasselbe durfte fur Operatoren gelten, die mit der Anzahl der schweren Teilchen unvertauschbar sind.
Stimulation in the mixed leukocyte culture and generation of effector cells in cell mediated lympholysis by a human T lymphoblast cell line

Abstract The lymphoblast cell lines CCRF-SB possessing B cell surface markers and CCRF-HSB-2 possessing T cell surface markers, both derived from the same individual, were tested for their ability to stimulate in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and their ability to generate effector cells in cell mediated lympholysis (CML). Both the T and B cell lines were capable of stimulating human peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, the T cell line required four times as many cells for an equivalent response. Generation of effector cells in CML was achieved when both the T and B cell lines were used as stimulator cells but the T cell line was capable of generating a greater degree of 51 Cr release.
Cytoskeleton of living, unstained cells imaged by scanning force microscopy

Subsurface cytoskeletal structure can be visualized in either fixed or living mammalian cells in aqueous medium with approximately 50 nm resolution using the Scanning Force Microscope (SFM). In living cells, changes in cell topography, or subsurface cytoskeleton caused by the introduction of drugs (colchicine) or cross-linking of surface receptors (by antibodies against IgE bound to the IgE receptor) can be followed in time. Contrast in SFM images of cell surfaces result from both topographic features of the cell and from variations in cell surface "stiffness". The SFM is therefore capable of measuring local compliance and stress in living cells, and so should make it possible to map the cytoskeletal forces used to generate cell motions and changes in cell shape.
Neural network application to error control coding

The error control problem in digital communication and information storage is presented as a - signal/pattern classification problem and the promising area of neural networks is exploited in correction of errors introduced in channel. The initial simulation results for a (7 Hamming and a (8 extended Hamming code with this approach show dramatic improvements in the Eb/No required to achieve a given probability of bit error. 1.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Oldest Technology: textbooks in comparative context

(1987). The Oldest Technology: textbooks in comparative context. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 93-106.
Human factors/ergonomics implications of big data analytics: Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors annual lecture

In recent years, advances in sensor technology, connectedness and computational power have come together to produce huge data-sets. The treatment and analysis of these data-sets is known as big data analytics (BDA), and the somewhat related term data mining. Fields allied to human factors/ergonomics (HFE), e.g. statistics, have developed computational methods to derive meaningful, actionable conclusions from these data bases. This paper examines BDA, often characterised by volume, velocity and variety, giving examples of successful BDA use. This examination provides context by considering examples of using BDA on human data, using BDA in HFE studies, and studies of how people perform BDA. Significant issues for HFE are the reliance of BDA on correlation rather than hypotheses and theory, the ethics of BDA and the use of HFE in data visualisation.
The capacity of the product channel

Given any pair of arbitrary alphabet channels satisfying coding theorem and its strong converse. Then the coding theorem and its strong converse also holds for the product channel and the capacity of the product channel equals the sum of the capacities of the components. Wyner derives this result in (Wyner, 1966) by means of list decoding methods (which obviously have no strong connection with this kind of problem). Here a simpler proof of the statement above is presented which uses only ‘maximal code estimate’ (see Wolfowitz, 1964) and a converse estimate.
BECKER AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

It was a different era when Gary Becker did his groundbreaking work on the economics of fertility, during the years from the late 1950 through the early 1990s. There was great concern then about the “population explosion” due to sustained high fertility in the developing world after mortality declined following World War II. In 1968, Paul Ehrlich published “The Population Bomb” predicting disaster and mass starvation due to rapid population growth: “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s, the world will undergo famines – hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death. . . .” Robert McNamara, then the President of the World Bank, in 1984 said “Short of thermonuclear war itself, population growth is the gravest issue the world faces over the decades immediately ahead. If we do not act, the problem will be solved by famine, riots, insurrection and war.”
The effect of monovalent cations on the association behavior of guanosine 5'-monophosphate, cytidine 5'-monophosphate, and their equimolar mixture in aqueous solution.

1H- and 31P-nmr spectroscopy have been used to investigate the self-association of M2(5′-CMP) [M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or (CH3)4 N+; 5′-CMP = cytidine 5′-monophosphate], the self-association of Li2(5′-GMP) (5′-GMP = guanosine 5′-monophosphate), and the heteroassociation of 5′-GMP and 5′-CMP (1 : 1 mole ratio) in aqueous solution as a function of the nature of the monovalent cation. Proton spectral differences for the different 5′-CMP salts exhibit a cation-size dependence and have been ascribed to a change in the stacking geometry. An average stacking association constant of 0.63 ± 0.24M−1 at 1°C, consistent with the weak stacking interactions of the cytosine bases, was determined for the 5′-CMP salts. Heteroassociation of 5′-GMP and 5′-CMP follows the reverse of the cation order for the formation of ordered aggregates of 5′-GMP. Heteroassociation occurs in the presence of Li+, Na+, and Rb+ ions, but only self-association occurs for the K+ nucleotides. Li2(5′-GMP), which does not form ordered species, self-associates to form disordered base stacks with a stacking constant of 1.63 ± 0.11M−1 at 1°C.
Targeting children online: Internet advertising ethics issues

Provides a set of guidelines that will assist Internet marketers in maintaining ethical marketing practices. Information about regulation of Internet marketing to children based on Federal Trade Commission regulations and guidelines developed by the Direct Marketing Association, Center for Media Education, and Council of Better Business Bureaux are also explained. Review of some of the Internet sites commonly visited by children provides additional guidelines for Internet marketers. Some of the issues discussed include: the use of kids’ clubs to sell products, appropriateness of content and terminology on the Web pages, information gathering/information sharing practices, and marketing practices.
Over expression of smooth muscle specific caldesmon by transfection and intermittent agonist induced contraction alters cellular morphology and restores differentiated smooth muscle phenotype.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The thin filament associated protein h-caldesmon (h-CaD) modulates actin myosin interaction and contraction. Bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor hypertrophy are associated with the over expression of the nonmuscle CaD isoform l-CaD. It implies a poorly differentiated state of bladder myocytes and cytoskeletal remodeling in detrusor hypertrophy. We determined if h-CaD expression can be increased in a unique bladder smooth muscle (BSM) cell line derived from obstructed rabbit bladder smooth muscle that over expresses l-CaD. We examined whether the genetic restoration of h-caldesmon is possible in bladder smooth muscle cells by transfection or by agonist mediated contraction and whether this manipulation would alter cellular morphology.Materials and Methods: BSM cells were transfected with chicken h-CaD cDNA inserted into a mammalian vector. In another experiment BSM cells underwent intermittent bethanechol induced stimulation. h-CaD mRNA and protein were quantified with reverse transcri...
Strong coupling of Schrödinger equations: Conservative scheme approach

The system of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger's equations (CNLSE) is considered and the physical meaning of the coupling terms is identified. The attention is focused on the case of real-valued parameter of linear cross-diffusion. A new analytical solution for the coupled case is found and used as initial condition for the interaction and evolution of two pulses. Conservative numerical scheme and algorithm are devised for the time evolution of solitons in CNLSE. The results show that the coupling term brings into play localized solutions with rotating polarization which in many instances behave as breathers. Both elastic and inelastic collisions are uncovered numerically.
The RNA-stabilizing Protein HuR Regulates the Expression of ζ Chain of the Human T Cell Receptor-associated CD3 Complex

T cell dysfunction is crucial to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the molecular mechanisms involved in the deficient expression of the T cell receptor-associated CD3ζ chain in SLE are not clear. SLE T cells express abnormally increased levels of an alternatively spliced isoform of CD3ζ that lacks a 562-bp region in its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). We showed previously that two adenosine/uridine-rich elements (ARE) in this splice-deleted region of CD3ζ transcript are critical for the mRNA stability and protein expression of CD3ζ. In this study we show for the first time that the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR binds to these two ARE bearing regions of CD3ζ 3′-UTR. Knockdown of HuR resulted in decreased expression of the CD3ζ chain, whereas overexpression led to the increase of CD3ζ chain levels. Additionally, overexpression of HuR in human T cells resulted in increased mRNA stability of CD3ζ. Our results identify the 3′-UTR of CD3ζ as a novel target for the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. Thus, the absence of two critical AREs in the alternatively spliced CD3ζ 3′-UTR found in SLE T cells may result in decreased HuR binding, representing a possible molecular mechanism contributing to the reduced stability and expression of CD3ζ in SLE.
A Utilization Based Sufficient Condition for P-FRP

Priority-based1Functional Reactive Programming (P-FRP) is a new functional programming formalism for developing safety-critical embedded systems. P-FRP allows static priority assignment and guarantees real-time response by preempting lower priority tasks. Due to the state-less nature of functional programs, preempted tasks in P-FRP are aborted and have to restart after the higher priority tasks have completed execution. Since the execution semantics of P-FRP are different from the classical preemptive model of execution, existing utilization based sufficient conditions cannot be applied. In this paper, we derive a new utilization based sufficient schedulability condition for P-FRP, and validate it using experimental task sets.
Short-term Results Under Three Different Immunosuppressive Regimens at One Center

We examined short-term outcomes and posttransplant medical complications under three different immunosuppressive regimens at a single center. The study design was a randomized, prospective, open-label trial comparing a calcineurin inhibitor-free (CNI) protocol to standard triple therapy with tacrolimus, prednisone, and mycophenolate mofetil. They were also compared to a concurrent but nonrandomized third cohort treated with a prednisone-free protocol. All three groups had excellent early outcomes with no significant difference in patient or graft survival or biopsy-proven acute rejection. Serum creatinine was significantly lower in the CNI-free recipients. Lipid panels and posttransplant diabetes mellitus were significantly lower in the prednisone-free patients. Prednisone-free kidney transplant recipients have improved early glucose metabolism and hyperlipidemia compared to CNI-free or standard triple therapy recipients with comparable rejection and graft survival rates.
Psychosocial outcomes of a summer overnight recreational experience for children with heart disease.

Children with chronic heart disease (CHD) are often turned away from recreational summer overnight experiences because of complicated medical histories and medication regimens. The purpose of this ...
Intestinal absorption of glutamic acid in the chicken

Abstract 1. 1. The intestinal absorption of glutamic acid in the chicken has been studied using a tissue-accumulation method. 2. 2. There were two processes involved in glutamic acid absorption, a mediated route with high apparent affinity and a diffusion mechanism. 3. 3. Glutamic acid influx was inhibited by metabolic poisons, lack of Na in the incubation medium and various structural analogs. 4. 4. Glutamic acid had little effect on basic or neutral amino acid transport. 5. 5. The results suggest that a distinct transport system exists for acidic amino acids in the chicken intestine.
Rapid Swing-Free Transport of Nonlinear Payloads Using Dynamic Programming

Residual vibration suppression in freely suspended payload transports has been the focus of extensive work in the past. Many methods have been used to address this problem, including both open-loop motion planning and closed-loop control techniques. However, to be effective, most of these methods require linearization of the system and, in turn, have been restricted in their maneuver speeds. The inherent nonlinearity of suspended payload systems suggests the need for a more rigorous method, where the complete dynamic description can be retained throughout the optimization. Dynamic programming (DP) is such a method. This paper will outline the development of the DP algorithm for a discrete time system as well as its application to the rapid transport of a doubly suspended payload, a nonlinear system. The system consists of a long slender payload, suspended by a cable at each end. The two cables are each held by an independent robot manipulator. We will show that DP is effective at reducing residual oscillations for nonlinear systems, as demonstrated by both simulations and experimental validation. Residual oscillations were suppressed to less than 5% of their original magnitudes.
Formation of nitric acid hydrates ‐ A chemical equilibrium approach

Published data are used to calculate equilibrium constants for reactions of the formation of nitric acid hydrates over the temperature range 190 to 205 K. Standard enthalpies of formation and standard entropies are calculated for the tri- and mono-hydrates. These are shown to be in reasonable agreement with earlier calorimetric measurements. The formation of nitric acid trihydrate in the polar stratosphere is discussed in terms of these equilibrium constants.
Long-range hydrophobic forces between mica surfaces in dodecylammonium chloride solutions in the presence of dodecanol

Abstract Hydrophobic forces were measured using a Mark IV surface force apparatus with mica surfaces in equilibrium with dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAHCl) solutions at pH 5.7. With DAHCl alone, only “short-range” hydrophobic forces were observed with decay lengths of 1.3 nm. In the presence of dodecanol, long-range hydrophobic forces were observed with the decay length as large as 9.0 nm, which represents the strongest ever recorded hydrophobic force with soluble single-chain surfactants. The appearance of the long-range hydrophobic forces in the presence of neutral surfactants can be attributed to the coadsorption mechanism, by which a close-packed mixed monolayer of dodecylammonium ions and dodecanol is formed on the mica surface. The decay lengths of the hydrophobic forces obtained in the present work and reported in the literature have been plotted vs advancing water contact angles (θ a ). The results show that long-range hydrophobic forces appear at θ a ≥ 90°, which may be attributed to the formation of domains of close-packed hydrocarbon chains. These domains may have large dipole moments (or charges), which correlate with those of the opposing surface to give rise to long-range hydrophobic forces. The domains may also serve as sites for microscopic cavitation, as the local contact angle may exceed 90° and thereby satisfy the thermodynamic requirement for cavitation.
Studies of the thermal and photochemical lability of olefin complexes of rhodium(I) to form Rh and Rh2O3

Abstract Thermogravimetric analyses of the series of compounds [L 2 RhCl] 2 , where L 2 = 1,5-COD, NBD and (C 2 H 4 ) 2 under air, nitrogen and 7%H 2 in N 2 atmospheres reveal that thermal decomposition behavior depends on the nature of the olefin ligand and the composition of the atmosphere. Under a 7% H 2 in N 2 atmosphere, the onset of thermal decomposition of these species occurs in the following order: L 2 = (C 2 H 4 ) 2 , 91°C; NBD, 143°C; 1,5-COD, 212°C. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, [L 2 RhCl] 2 , L 2  NBD and (C 2 H 4 ) 2 , undergo weight loss consistent with loss of one or more olefin ligands, then formation of Rh metal at higher temperatures. In contrast, [(1,5-COD)RhCl] 2 formed Rh metal directly. In air, thermal decomposition generally resulted in formation of crystalline Rh metal followed by oxidation above 500°C to form crystalline Rh 2 O 3 , except for [(C 2 H 4 ) 2 RhCl] 2 , which gave Rh 2 O 3 directly. The Rh and Rh 2 O 3 powders were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. In some experiments, a weight loss consistent with formation of “RhCl” was observed. However, as a result of the crystalline Rh present, it is proposed that disproportionation to Rh and RhCl 3 may have occurred. The compound [(C 2 H 4 ) 2 Rh(OEt)] 2 . H 2 O is photolabile and undergoes decomposition on exposure to UV radiation to give crystalline, 2 nm sized Rh metal particles as determined by TEM, EDS and electron diffraction.
Quantifying the Surface Coverage of Conjugate Molecules on Functionalized Nanoparticles

Here we present a method to determine the surface coverage or surface density of biological molecules conjugated to nanoparticle surfaces. Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is used to determine a coating thickness by measuring the change in the size of gold nanoparticles before and after modification with thiol-derivatized single-stranded DNA. The DNA surface coverage is then obtained from the coating thickness through the use of a simple random coil model. The method requires neither fluorescent tagging nor calibration curves. We believe ES-DMA to be a broadly applicable nanometrology tool for the characterization of biologically conjugated nanoparticles.
Forty years of hydride reductions

Abstract Forty years ago, it was observed that diborane, a hydride, reduces aldehydes and ketones with exceptional ease even at 0°. Since then various hydride reagents have evolved for the convenient reduction of typical organic functional groups. Electrophilic reducing agents such as borane and alane possess markedly different reducing characteristics than those of nucleophilic reducing agents such as sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride. Explorations have revealed means of both enhancing and diminishing the electrophilic character of borane and alane on the one hand and both enhancing and diminishing the nucleophilic character of borohydrides and aluminohydrides on the other. Such derivatives reveal unique characteristics making possible valuable selective reductions, not practical previously. These developments have completely altered the procedures normally used in organic chemistry for the reduction of functional groups.
The solvent extraction resolution of some optically-active neutral chelates

Abstract A technique has been developed with which it is possible to effect a partial resolution of the optical isomers of some neutral chelate complexes by distribution between two properly constituted immiscible liquid phases, one of which contains a high concentration of an optically-active substance. The most successful agents for imparting optical activity to the phases have been d-diisoamyl tartrate and l-fructose. The applicability of the technique appears to be somewhat limited especially by the difficulty of preparing a suitable solvent extraction system. The three complexes which have been resolved are the tris (2,4-pentanediono) compounds of cobalt(III), chromium(III), and rhodium(III). The achieved molecular rotations compare favourably with those obtained by other methods. Speculations on the explanations of the successes and failures of the process are set forth.
Quantitative Biomechanical Analysis of Wrist Motion in Bone-Trimming Jobs in the Red-Meat Packing Industry:

This study was motivated by the serious impact that cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) of the upper extremities have on industrial workers and on industry itself. To date, no quantitative data has been gathered on the kinematics of hand and wrist motion required in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry. No information is known about what type and how much wrist motion is currently being used in bone-trimming jobs in the red-meat packing industry, or how much these motions increase the risk of occupational CTDs. The research conducted addressed this current research void and established a preliminary database of wrist and hand kinematics for a bone-trimming job in the red-meat packing industry. This kinematic database could augment the red-meat industry's efforts to reduce the severity and cost of CTDs. Ergonomics practitioners in the red-meat industry could use the kinematic methods employed in this research to assess the CTD risk of current and redesigned jobs that require repetitious, hand...
Formation of etheno and oxoethyl adducts in liver DNA from rats exposed subchronically to urethane in drinking water and ethanol

Exposure of Fisher-344 male rats to 10 000 ppm of urethane in drinking water for up to 90 days or in 5% ethanol for up to 14 days caused the formation of 7-[2'-oxoethyl]guanine (OEG) and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilon A) in liver DNA. Mild-acid DNA hydrolysates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and fluorometry. The identification of OEG and epsilon A was confirmed by coelution with the authentic standards. Forty and 67% of rats showed OEG and epsilon A adducts at 2 and 90 days of treatment with urethane in drinking water, respectively. In comparison, only 0 and 10% of rats showed adducts at 2 and 14 days of treatment with urethane in 5% ethanol, respectively. Neither OEG nor epsilon A was observed in control rats receiving water or 5% ethanol. Although these data are still preliminary, they appear to suggest that ethanol may inhibit formation of DNA adducts by urethane. Studies designed to produce more conclusive information about the role of ethanol in modifying DNA damage induced by urethane in vivo are in progress.
Ethylene production from 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid in vitro: A mechanism for explaining ethylene production by a cell‐free preparation from pea epicotyls

The generation of ethylene from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) added to a cell-free preparation from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) epicotyls was found not to be due to a specific ACC oxidase or to oxygen radicals. Rather, endogenously produced H2O and manganese ions are coupled in a reaction sequence which produces ethylene from ACC. In a model system, H2O and Mn2+ converted ACC to ethylene under conditions similar to those in the pea preparation. Ultrafiltration of the pea preparation inhibited ethylene production, but it could be reconstituted either by adding an H2O2-generating system to the ultrafiltrate or Mn2+ to the retentate. H2O2-generating systems could reconstitute ethylene formation in a heat-inactivated cell-free sample while the loss of ability to produce ethylene upon dialysis of the pea preparation correlated with the loss of Mn2+ from the sample. Studies using cell-free preparations to investigate ethylene synthesis should take care to exclude the possible involvement of H2O2 and Mn2+.
Morphology of the giant interneurons and cercal nerve projections of the American cockroach

We have investigated the morphology of the giant interneurons (GIs) and the main sensory projections to these interneurons in the American cockroach. These neurons are thought to mediate the animal's escape behavior. We describe here the dendritic branching pattern of each of the 14 GIs (7 bilateral pairs) in the terminal ganglion, the pattern of projection of the cercal sensory nerve, and the overlap of the cercal projections with the dendrites of the GIs. Visualization of the GIs and cercal nerve projection was accomplished by single cell injection and axonal backfilling with cobalt. Comparisons of the same identified GI in different animals show the position of the soma and the locations and orientations of the major processes are characteristic for each GI. The axons of the cercal nerve project to a well-defined ipsilateral region of the terminal ganglion. After entering the terminal ganglion, the cercal afferents split into lateral and medial tracts. The projections of the lateral cercal tract overlap extensively with the dendritic fields of the GIs. In contrast, the medial tract does not overlap the dendritic fields of the GIs in the posterior portion of the ganglion and shows only a small degree of overlap in the anterior portion. Correlations between physiological properties of the GIs and cercal afferents are discussed in relation to our anatomical findings.
Spiky Starfish: Exploring 'Felt Technology' Through a Shape Changing Wearable Bag

In HCI there are attempts to create expressive computing by exploring emotional engagements through a wide range of shape-changing interfaces including experimental art, fashion, architecture, furniture, etc. These approaches range from hedonic design purposes, which represent novel ideas and materials to more informative design spaces, which allow users to interact with a visual interface in order to persuade users' behavior. By bridging these explorations, I present Spiky Starfish, a computational wearable bag, which utilizes "felt experience with technology" to influence user bodily interaction tactically and visually. It is designed to explore how expressive shape-changing interface create a disruptive interaction when peoples' habitual behavior triggers.