cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique to measure fine-dust emission potentials during wind erosion

Suspendable-size soil particles are released during wind erosion and transported downwind, impacting regional air quality. Of particular concern are those particles with a mean aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM 10 ) and the finer subset of those <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ). To estimate the air quality impact of wind erosion, the potential release from nondispersed soil of PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles must be quantified for both those readily entrained existing particles and those generated by aggregate abrasion. A new laboratory technique was devised to determine the potential emission of these size particles by both processes from nondispersed soil samples. An emission cone in which the soil sample was suspended and rotationally abraded in an air stream was coupled with a standard measuring instrument for either PM 10 or PM 2.5 . Data of nondispersed soil samples compared with those dispersed showed significantly less emission potentials for the nondispersed. The PM 2.5 portion of the PM 10 values ranged from 30 to 55% indicating significant air quality impacts by wind erosion in this region based on either standard. Results from Washington State showed spatial patterns closely related to soil morphology, and a linear relationship between dispersed and self-abrader PM 10 , but not PM 2.5 .
Learning grasp affordances with variable centroid offsets

When grasping an object, a robot must identify the available forms of interaction with that object. Each of these forms of interaction, a grasp affordance, describes one canonical option for placing the hand and fingers with respect to the object as an agent prepares to grasp it. The affordance does not represent a single hand posture, but an entire manifold within a space that describes hand position/orientation and finger configuration. Our challenges are 1) how to represent this manifold in as compact a manner as possible, and 2) how to extract these affordance representations given a set of example grasps as demonstrated by a human teacher. In this paper, we approach the problem of representation by capturing all instances of a canonical grasp using a joint probability density function (PDF) in a hand posture space. The PDF captures in an object-centered coordinate frame a combination of hand orientation, grasp centroid position and offset from hand to centroid. The set of canonical grasps is then represented using a mixture distribution model. We address the problem of learning the model parameters from a set of example grasps using a clustering approach based on expectation maximization. Our experiments show that the learned canonical grasps correspond to the functionally different ways that the object may be grasped. In addition, by including the grasp centroid/hand relationship within the learned model, we eliminate this as a hard-coded parameter and the resulting approach is capable of separating different grasp types, even when the different types involve similar hand postures.
The Possibility for a Short-Period Hybrid Staggered Undulator

A short-period hybrid-type staggered undulator is proposed. A proper combination of vanadium Permendur (VP) pole and NdFeB magnet provide approximately 40% larger peak field strength than a conventional staggered undulator. The peak field of a 15-mm-period hybrid staggered undulator exceeds 0.8 T at a gap of 6 mm. Also, by using dysprosium as a pole and PrFeB as a magnet at liquid nitrogen temperature (77K), even higher peak field (∼ 0.94 T) can be achieved at the same gap.
Multiuser detection with antenna arrays in the presence of multipath fading

Multiuser detection has been shown to be an attractive alternative to conventional matched filter detection of CDMA signals. Most of the detection schemes studied however assume perfect channel knowledge. We study two multiuser detection schemes which operate over diversity channels and have access to only noisy channel estimates. The first is an optimum approach and the second is based on decorrelation detection. These detectors must combat not only multiuser interference but also channel estimation noise. Performance measures which separately gauge a multiuser detectors susceptibility to both of these impairments are introduced and evaluated for the proposed detectors. The decorrelation approach, while inferior in terms of rejecting multiuser interference, has the advantage of reduced sensitivity to channel estimation noise. This is illustrated in a simple two user, two diversity branch example.
Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

The search for neural mechanisms of memory has been under way for more than a century. The pace quickened in the 1960s when investigators found that training or differential experience leads to significant changes in brain neurochemistry, anatomy, and electrophysiology. Many steps have now been identified in the neurochemical cascade that starts with neural stimulation and ends with encoding information in long-term memory. Applications of research in this field are being made to child development, successful aging, recovery from brain damage, and animal welfare. Extensions of current research and exciting new techniques promise novel insights into mechanisms of memory in the decades ahead.
Breakup of a liquid drop suddenly exposed to a high-speed airstream

The breakup of viscous and viscoelastic drops in the high speed airstream behind a shock wave in a shock tube was photographed with a rotating drum camera giving one photograph every 5 ms. From these photographs we created movies of the fragmentation history of viscous drops of widely varying viscosity, and viscoelastic drops, at very high Weber and Reynolds numbers. Drops of the order of one millimeter are reduced to droplet clouds and possibly to vapor in times less than 500 ms. The movies may be viewed at http://www.aem.umn.edu /research/Aerodynamic_Breakup. They reveal sequences of breakup events which were previously unavailable for study. Bag and bag-and-stamen breakup can be seen at very high Weber numbers, in the regime of breakup previously called ‘catastrophic’. The movies allow us to generate precise displacement‐time graphs from which accurate values of acceleration (of orders 10 4 to 10 5 times the acceleration of gravity) are computed. These large accelerations from gas to liquid put the flattened drops at high risk to Rayleigh‐Taylor instabilities. The most unstable Rayleigh‐ Taylor wave fits nearly perfectly with waves measured on enhanced images of drops from the movies, but the eAects of viscosity cannot be neglected. Other features of drop breakup under extreme conditions, not treated here, are available on our Web site. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Morphological and chemical studies in cerebral edema: Triethyl tin-induced edema

Abstract Edema of the brain was produced in rats by chronic oral administration of triethyl tin hydroxide. This resulted in swelling and increased water content of the central nervous system. The edema was essentially restricted to the white matter, although some changes of varying degree were also observed in the gray matter, particularly in the basal ganglia and in the geniculate bodies. The edema is reversible and severely afflicted rats recovered from the neurological symptoms upon cessation of triethyl tin feeding. The edematous brain did not stain vitally with trypan blue. The blood-brain barrier remained essentially impermeable to 131 I-labeled serum albumin. The rate of uptake and radioautographic distribution of 14 C-labeled glycine was identical in normal and edematous white matter. The sodium and chloride content increased and potassium decreased in the edematous brain. The diminished potassium concentration was merely the result of dilution of cerebral potassium by edema fluid of low potassium content. However, sodium chloride was markedly increased even when calculated on a dry weight basis. The exchange rate of 24 Na between plasma and edematous brain was reduced. The uptake of 42 K revealed no significant difference between the brains of normal rats and those treated by triethyl tin. Experiments with 32 P were not conclusive but a possibly significant difference in the pattern of deposition of this isotope was observed in edematous brains. The results indicate that the edema fluid in triethyl tin poisoning is a plasma filtrate that differs from the fluid of cold induced cerebral edema and edema produced by hypercapnic hypoxia.
A 2.8GS/s 44.6mW time-interleaved ADC achieving 50.9dB SNDR and 3dB effective resolution bandwidth of 1.5GHz in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a power- and area-efficient 24-way time-interleaved SAR ADC designed in 65nm CMOS. At 2.8GS/s sampling rate the ADC consumes 44.6mW of power from a 1.2V supply while achieving peak SNDR of 50.9dB and retaining SNDR higher than 48.2dB across the entire first Nyquist zone.
Computational models for proton transfer in biological systems

A computational scheme based on a “mixed basis set” approach is applied to the study of the structure and the energetics in proton transfer systems. Five hydrogen-bonded systems of the type (CH3HnA ‥ H ‥ BHmCH3)+, where A and B can be N, O, or S, have been investigated with various minimal and extended basis sets. Calculations with the extended basis set yield double-well potential energy curves, which the minimal basis set is unable to reproduce. Calculations with the mixed basis set, constructed from an extended basis set on the atoms engaged in the hydrogen transfer part and a minimal basis set on the rest of the molecule, give predictions of geometries, potential energy curves, and relative energies similar to the results from the extended basis set. Inclusion of polarization functions in the mixed basis set becomes essential in systems that contain third row atoms. This scheme should become useful in studies of large molecules in which different parts can be represented at different levels of computational complexity.
WIDEBAND 2D ARRAY OF MICROSTRIP FED RECTANGULAR- SLOT ANTENNAS FOR RADAR APPLICATIONS

This paper presents the design of a wideband 16 4 element array of a microstrip-proximity-fed rectangular-slot antenna for marine radar systems operating in the X-band. A wideband corporate- feed network is designed to feed the proposed array. The new design has a small size, a wide bandwidth of 52%, and good radiation charac- teristics in the entire operating band. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 36 - 40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop. 20894
Comparison of outcomes after laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy at a high-volume pediatric teaching hospital

Background/Purpose: Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LP) is used widely for treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. We examined the results of pyloromyotomy at a high-volume pediatric teaching hospital to compare outcomes of laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy (OP). Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent pyloromyotomy at our institution over a 5-year period. Data were collected regarding operative time, time to full feeds, length of hospital stay, complications, and frequency of postoperative emesis. Results: There were 335 pyloromyotomies: 212 laparoscopic and 123 open. Five patients in the laparoscopic group required conversion to an open procedure. There were no significant differences in operative time (LP, 30.5 minutes; OP, 32.0 minutes), time to full feeds (LP, 22.4 hours; OP, 23.5 hours), frequency of postoperative emesis (LP, 1.8; OP, 2.2), or length of hospital stay (LP, 49.3 hours; OP, 50.5 hours). There were 5 mucosal perforations in the laparoscopic group and 2 in the open group (LP, 2.3%; OP, 1.6%). There were 3 incomplete pyloromyotomies in the laparoscopic group and none in the open group. Four perforations and all incomplete myotomies occurred in the first 2 years after the laparoscopic technique was introduced at our institution. The overall complication rate was similar (LP, 3.7%; OP, 3.2%). Conclusions: Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is a safe and effective alternative to OP. There appears to be an institutional learning curve when the laparoscopic technique is introduced as reflected by slightly higher rates of mucosal injury and incomplete pyloromyotomy.
Role of substrate loop residues in catalytic loop motion and substrate binding in human glutathione synthetase (773.2)

Human glutathione synthetase (hGS) catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the key antioxidant glutathione. The homodimeric enzyme displays negative cooperativity towards the ɣ-glutamylcysteine substrate. The presented work probes the significance of residues within the substrate binding loop of hGS responsible for loop motion throughout the catalytic cycle and provides insight into the precise mechanism of communication between active sites. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies elucidate the interactions that mediate binding. Experimental point mutations, coupled activity assays, kinetic studies, and differential scanning calorimetry provide information on the role of these residues in activity, cooperativity and thermal stability. A deeper understanding of the residues responsible for loop motion within the substrate binding loop of hGS shows that interactions at the active site have significant impact on the structure and function of the enzyme.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH...
Simulating the competing effects of P- and N-MOSFET hot-carrier aging in CMOS circuits

A PMOSFET hot-carrier degradation model has been incorporated into the reliability simulator BERT-CAS, enabling prediction of dynamic circuit-level degradation in which both PMOSFET and NMOS-FET degradation play a major role. Comparisons with measured data from CMOS ring oscillator frequency shifts show that full aging simulation by CAS can correctly predict the initial frequency increase due to the PMOSFET current enhancement, and the eventual frequency decrease due to the NMOSFET current degradation. >
Microchemical identification of amidone

Amidone may be identified microchemically through formation of crystals with certain reagents. Tests with palladium chloride, potassium ferrocyanide, and bromine water are described and a table of the crystal-forming action of these reagents on the salts of 34 alkaloids and synthetic drugs is presented.
The α1 and α6 Subunits Can Coexist in the Same Cerebellar GABAA Receptor Maintaining Their Individual Benzodiazepine-Binding Specificities

Two GABAA receptor subunit-specific antibodies anti-alpha 6 and anti-alpha 1 have been used for elucidating the relationship between the presence of alpha 1 and/or alpha 6 subunits in the cerebellar GABAA receptors and the benzodiazepine-binding specificity. Receptor immunoprecipitation with the subunit-specific antibodies shows that 39% of the cerebellar GABAA receptors have alpha 6, whereas 76% of the receptors have alpha 1 as determined by [3H]-muscimol binding. Results show that 42-45% of the receptors having alpha 6 also have alpha 1, whereas 13-15% of the receptors that contain alpha 1 also have alpha 6. The immunoprecipitation results as well as immunopurification and immunoblotting experiments reveal the existence of three types of cerebellar GABAA receptors; i.e., one has both alpha 1 and alpha 6 subunits, a second type has alpha 1 but not alpha 6, and a third type has alpha 6 but not alpha 1 subunits. The results also show that receptors where alpha 1 and alpha 6 subunits coexist have two pharmacologically different benzodiazepine-binding properties, each associated with a different alpha subunit. The alpha 1 subunit contributes the high-affinity binding of [3H]Ro 15-1788 (flumazenil) and the diazepam-sensitive binding of [3H]Ro 15-4513. The alpha 6 subunit contributes the diazepam-insensitive binding of [3H]Ro 15-4513, but it does not bind [3H]Ro 15-1788 with high affinity. Thus, in the cerebellar alpha 1- alpha 6 GABAA receptors, there is no dominance of the pharmacology of one alpha subunit over the other.
Injection Site Lichenoid Dermatitis Following Pneumococcal Vaccination: Report and Review of Cutaneous Conditions Occurring at Vaccination Sites

Cutaneous dermatoses and malignancies have occurred at the sites of vaccines. To describe a man who developed a lichenoid dermatitis at the pneumococcal vaccine injection site and to review cutaneous dermatoses and malignancies occurring at vaccination sites. PubMed was used to search the following terms, separately and in combination: adverse, condition, cutaneous, dermatosis, dermatitis, injection, PCV13, pneumococcal, pneumonia, prevnar, reaction, skin, site, vaccination, and vaccine. All papers were reviewed, and relevant manuscripts, along with their reference citations, were evaluated. Several vaccines—including bacillus Calmette-Guerin, hepatitis B, influenza, leishmaniasis, meningitis, pneumococcal, smallpox, tetanus (alone and in combination with diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenza type B or plague and yellow fever), and varicella-zoster—have been associated with post-vaccination site reactions. A 70-year-old male developed a lichenoid dermatitis that occurred at the pneumococcal vaccine injection site within 2 weeks after PCV13 vaccination; the erythematous nodule resolved spontaneously within 9 weeks following immunization. Dermatoses at the injection sites of vaccines can be granulomatous, immunity-related conditions, infections, lichenoid, neutrophilic, or pseudolymphomatous. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common vaccination site-associated malignancies; however, melanoma and sarcomas (dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, fibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma) are also smallpox vaccine-related site neoplasms. A cutaneous immunocompromised district that is created by vaccine-induced local immunologic changes is hypothesized to be the pathogenesis of vaccination site reactions.
Design and fabrication of long wave infrared spectral filters

Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging in the long wave infrared (LWIR) spectral region has numerous applications in agriculture, astronomy20-22, medicine, and the sensing of dangerous chemical/biological agents23-25. One of the challenges of developing a spectral imaging system in the LWIR is the availability of spectral filters. We will report on three different design methods for realizing spectral filters in the LWIR. The first is an all-dielectric reflection filter based on the guidedmode resonance response. The second is a spatially-varying plasmonic structure that can be used to synthesize complicated spectral reflectance. The third is a Fabry-Perot design for tunable transmission. Numerical and experimental results will be presented.
Genome Analysis of Neurospora Terricola

The homothallic species Neurospora terricola Gochenaur & Backus (1962) is different from the other known homothallic species, N. africana Huang & Backus, N. dodgei Nelson & Novak, N. lineolata Frederick & Vecker, and N. galapagosensis Mahoney & Backus. The ascospores of N. terricola germinate at least five times slower than other homothallic species when grown under similar conditions. Neurospora terricola has one germ pore in the ascospore, instead of two in the other species, and its growth pattern is also different. We were interested to see if the genome of N. terricola (haploid DNA content) would show any unique characteristics. The success in this laboratory in distinguishing minute DNA differences of heterothallic, pseudohomothallic, and other homothallic species (Dutta et al., 1976) by analysis of their DNA genomes prompted us to use these procedures for analysis of the genome of N. terricola along with the DNA characteristics of another homothallic species, N. galapagosensis. This second species was chosen because of morphological similarities to other homothallic species, N. africana, N. dodgei, and N. lineolata except for its pattern of ascospore sculpturing (Mahoney et al., 1969). DNA was isolated from exponentially growing mycelia before melanin deposition, as described earlier (Dutta, 1976). The appearance of melanin deposited on hyphal clumps, especially those exposed at the top of the 4-liter flask in which they were grown, marked the end of the growth phase. Molecular studies of the DNAs isolated from N. galapagosensis and N. terricola showed similarities with the DNAs of other Neurospora species (Dutta et al., 1976). The mean G + C (guanine and cytosine) mole percent of all the DNAs tested was between 53 and 57. The thermal denaturation profiles were similar, and the quantities of repeated DNA sequences, 15-20% of the total genome, fell within close range (Dutta and Schwartz, 1973). These DNAs showed two fractions, a major high G + C content comprising 70-80 mole % of the genome and a minor low G + C content of 20-30 mole %. The Tm (temperature at which 50% of the double-stranded DNA of the major fraction dissociates into single strands) for these two species was in the same range, 89-91 C, as others studied, These data show that N. terricola and N. galapagosensis have DNA characteristics similar to N. lineolata (TABLE I). 663
Modeling energy landscapes of proton motion in nonaqueous, tethered proton wires.

We have modeled structures and energetics of anhydrous proton-conducting wires: tethered hydrogen-bonded chains of the form ···HX···HX···HX···, with functional groups HX = imidazole, triazole, and formamidine; formic, sulfonic, and phosphonic acids. We have applied density functional theory (DFT) to model proton wires up to 19 units long, where each proton carrier is linked to an effective backbone to mimic polymer tethering. This approach allows the direct calculation of hydrogen bond strengths. The proton wires were found to be stabilized by strong hydrogen bonds (up to 50 kJ/mol) whose strength correlates with the proton affinity of HX [related to pK(b)(HX)] and not to pK(a)(HX) as is often assumed. Geometry optimizations and ab initio molecular dynamics near 400 K on imidazole-based proton wires both predict that adding a proton to the end of such wires causes the excess charge to embed into the interior segments of these wires. Proton translocation energy landscapes for imidazole-based wires are sensitive to the imidazole attachment point (head or feet) and to wire architecture (linear or interdigitated). Linear imidazole wires with head-attachment exhibit low barriers for intrawire proton motion, rivaling proton diffusion in liquid imidazole. Excess charge relaxation from the edge of wires is found to be dominated by long-range Grotthuss shuttling for distances as long as 42 A, especially for interdigitated wires. For imidazole, we predict that proton translocation is controlled by the energetics of desorption from the proton wire, even for relatively long wires (600 imidazole units). Proton desorption energies show no correlation with functional group properties, suggesting that proton desorption is a collective process in proton wires.
Ritual, Bureaucracy, Game: Modernity and Its Cultural Forms of Control

The projects of governance at the heart of state and other institutional control under the context of modernity have been marked by a heavy reliance on two cultural forms, ritual and bureaucracy, each of which organizes action and meaning through distinctive invocations of order. The steady rise of liberal thought and practice, particularly in the economic realm (following, if partially, Adam Smith) has gradually challenged the efficacy of these cultural forms, with open-ended systems (more or less contrived – from elections to the “free” market) exerting more and more influence both on policy and in other areas of cultural production. It is in this context that games are becoming the potent site for new kinds of institutional projects today, whether in Google’s use for some time of its Image Labeler Game to bring text searchability to its image collection, or in the University of Washington’s successful deployment of the game Fold-It to find promising “folds” of proteins for research on anti-retroviral vaccines.But even as they are so used, we can see how these contrived, open-ended mechanisms create new challenges to the structure of the very modern institutions which would seek to domesticate and deploy them. While a longstanding example would be Hitler’s unsuccessful use of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games’ results as part of his project of political legitimization, digital networking technology is making new and more complex gambits of this sort possible today. Linden Lab, makers of the virtual world Second Life, found itself in a state of organizational contradiction as it sought to architect, from the top-down, a game-like space premised (and sold) on a playful ideal of user freedom and control. Google’s recent and reluctant turn to curators for certain search terms also reflects the limits of their previous attempts to continually refine their algorithms so as to let search results reflect perfectly the aggregate actions of web users. In all of these cases we see that a turn toward open-ended, game-derived mechanisms (which often mirror the market) generate paradoxes for those who sought to leverage the potency of games for generating meaningful outcomes.In this process digital technology has played an important role as well, making the use of games possible at a scale vast in both scope and complexity, while subtly changing even what a useful conception of games would be that could account for the game-like elements now proliferating in much of our increasingly digital lives. From this twenty-first century vantage point, what may we learn by setting the cultural form of game against these other cultural forms, with attention to their shared and distinctive features? By considering what has changed to make the domestication (as it were) of games possible, and also reflecting on how these other forms have been put to work by institutions, we can begin to chart the landscape ahead for games and institutions under the context of modernity and ask key questions about what issues of policy and ethics it raises.
Will we outlive our money

Fewer and fewer Americans retire with benefits in the form of life annuities. The author raises key issues regarding the increased importance that uncertainty plays in determining retirement income. The key issues include longevity risk and how savings withdrawals rates will be affected at varying rates of return.
Globalizing Bioethics Through, Beyond and Despite Governments

This chapter will review the role of UNESCO and in particular the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) in the field of bioethics over the past two decades. Three questions will be addressed. The first question is what has been achieved. It will be argued that more important than contributing to the adoption of normative instruments the IBC has played a leading role in promoting a broader conception of bioethics that is more appropriate to current processes of globalization. Another question is why an organization such as UNESCO is involved, and should be more involved in the global development of bioethics. The last question that will be discussed concerns the challenges that will lie ahead in the next 20 years.
Provisional Microgrid Planning

The optimal planning problem of provisional microgrids, as a new class of microgrids, is investigated in this paper. Unlike traditional microgrids, provisional microgrids do not possess the islanding capability and are dependent on one or more electrically connected microgrids, called coupled microgrids, for islanding purposes. Provisional microgrids can be considered as enablers of rapid integration of renewable energy resources in distribution networks, while at the same time providing economic benefits for local consumers and environmental benefits for the entire system. The provisional microgrid planning problem is defined and formulated in this paper, considering anticipated interactions between the provisional microgrid, the coupled microgrid, and the utility grid during grid-connected and islanded modes. Robust optimization is used to efficiently consider physical and financial uncertainties in the problem. Numerical simulations study a test provisional microgrid for exploring its merits, as well as demonstrating its benefits when compared with deployment of a traditional microgrid.
Nonresonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and X-ray Raman Scattering

In analogy to the connections between Raman scattering and absorption in the optical regime, X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is an alternative to X-ray absorption spectroscopy, particularly for sub-keV excitations. XRS is the nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NIXS, or NRIXS) from core or semi-core electrons and has a similar energy-dependence as X-ray absorption, albeit with a much smaller overall cross section. However, as a high-energy photon-in/photon-out approach, XRS has found widespread use for samples at extreme conditions, such as high pressure experiments in diamond anvil cells, as well as samples incompatible with vacuum conditions, like many liquids. Compared to absorption spectroscopy, XRS has key technical advantages beyond bulk sensitivity, including lack of self-absorption and the ability to access dipole-forbidden final states in certain cases. It also shares many of the same components as hard X-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy and has found a niche as a complementary technique available at multiple synchrotron facilities worldwide [1–9].
Multi-Tactic Distance-Based Outlier Detection

As datasets increase radically in size, highly scalable algorithms leveraging modern distributed infrastructures need to be developed for detecting outliers in massive datasets. In this work, we present the first distributed distance-based outlier detection approach using the MapReduce-based infrastructure, called DOD. DOD features a single-pass execution framework that minimizes communication overhead. Furthermore, DOD overturns two fundamental assumptions widely adopted in the distributed analytics literature, namely cardinality-based load balancing and one algorithm for all data. The multi-tactic strategy of DOD achieves a truly balanced workload by taking into account the data characteristics in data partitioning and assigns most appropriate algorithm for each partition based on our theoretical cost models established for distinct classes of detection algorithms. Thus, DOD effectively minimizes the end-to-end execution time. Our experimental study confirms the efficiency of DOD and its scalability to terabytes of data, beating the baseline solutions by a factor of 20x.
On being sick: Musings about kindness, side effects, and slowing down.

Editor's Note: Ted Burns is the founding editor of our podcast, an enormously successful venture, bringing Neurology ® and AAN content to listeners worldwide. One of the highlights of the podcast to date was Ted's insightful and moving discussion when he was initially diagnosed with cancer. In presenting this update, we continue a series of pieces that present a patient or caregiver's views; these are important and informative, and we hope that our readership (or listeners) will benefit by seeing these perspectives. —Robert A. Gross, MD, PhD, FAAN
Dancing Seafoam—A Tribute to the Oregon Coast

Dancing Seafoam is the first in a series of garments that will be dedicated to the natural elements found along the Oregon coastline. My specific focus for this series is to look at parts of nature that are not considered traditionally beautiful but are still important to protect. While it is not pleasant to smell and can be a nuisance to humans, seafoam carries in organic matter that helps feed creatures along the shoreline. I wanted to design a dress that was overwhelming, yet had a lofty appearance and moved like the foam in the wind. The over layer of the garment is made of ivory polyester organza hand sewn into variously sized puffs. The inside of each anchored puff is beaded with sequins, wooden beads, or shells to represent the mixture of sand, debris, and organic material mixed into the foam when it washes up on shore.
Synthesis of phosphonamides and thiophosphonamides by a one-pot activation-coupling-oxidation protocol

We are currently applying the P(III) coupling protocol (Fig. 1) developed in our laboratory [1,2] for the preparation of the phosphonamides and thiophosphonamides 1. The impetus for the synthesis of these particular targets stemmed from synthetic difficulties encountered in the preparation of the elusive hapten precursor 1a with P(V) coupling protocols [3]. The problems of preparing 1a exemplify the difficulties many laboratories have encountered in preparing phosphonamidate peptides [4,5]. Since our P(III)-based strategy was successful for preparation of dipeptide model systems [1,2], we have employed it to try to increase the yield and ease of synthesis of phosphonamide 1a and related derivatives 1b-d.
Aristotle on Homonymy: The Theory of Homonymy in Categories 1 and its Precursors

Overview Aristotle makes use of the concepts of homonymy and synonymy in various contexts, such as detecting ambiguity in dialectical arguments, formulating preliminary scientific definitions, and describing relations among existing things. But he comes to the point of giving definitions of the concepts only once, and this occurs in the first chapter of the Categories . It seems reasonable, then, to begin the examination of homonymy with the account Aristotle gives in Cat. 1. The chapter, running only fifteen lines in the Greek text, proposes a tripartite distinction among homonymy, synonymy, and paronymy. Overall, the aim is to differentiate the ways in which a common term or a set of related terms can be said to signify something. Put briefly, homonymy refers to things having the same name and different definition; synonymy, to things having both the same name and the same definition; and paronymy, to terms related by their inflected ending. The bare bones of the three-way account may be set down easily. Yet certain interpretive issues concerning the precise lines of the account, as well as the overall scope and nature of Cat. itself, remain subjects of debate. One long-standing problem arising from the Greek commentators concerns whether Categories is primarily a logical or metaphysical work. The question about the nature of the work as a whole bears on the interpretation of Cat. 1 in the sense that taking one position rather than another would incline us to a more (or less) expansive understanding of homonymy or synonymy.
The Louis Stokes Health Sciences Library: The Howard University move experience

The Louis Stokes Health Sciences Library attributes its successful move to early planning and preparation. Professional literature on the subject as well as consultation with other experienced library personnel also proved beneficial. Utilizing these resources, the committees devised a strategy that supported the library's mission to provide excellent and complete information services for the advancement of health sciences. This paper describes the Howard University Health Sciences Library move experience and offers practical advice for planning a library move. We hope that the information shared will assist other libraries facing a similar challenge.
Abstract IA15: PARP inhibitor resistance and acquired vulnerability in breast cancer

Large-scale genomic studies have demonstrated that some breast cancers, especially triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), harbor genetic and epigenetic alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes. The most commonly altered HRR genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2, followed by other Fanconi anemia genes including FANCN/PALB2, FANCO/RAD51, FANCJ/BRIP, and FANCA. Loss of HRR causes genomic instability, hyperdependence on alternative DNA repair mechanisms, and enhanced sensitivity to platinum analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors (PARPi). The synthetic lethal interaction with PARPi is being exploited therapeutically in diverse clinical contexts and most notably in ovarian cancer where the PARPi olaparib is FDA approved for use in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. PARP inhibitor resistance has already emerged as a vexing clinical problem for the treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient tumors. The most prevalent mechanism of PARPi resistance is secondary events that cancel the original HRR alteration and restore HRR proficiency. However, PARPi resistance may still develop without restoration of HRR proficiency via disruption of multiple proteins, such as PTIP or CHD4, that leads to replication fork (RF) stabilization. Importantly, this latter mechanism—namely, the restoration of RF stability—appears to be a highly prevalent mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance in vitro and in vivo, particularly in tumor cells with an underlying BRCA2 deficiency. Due to their underlying deficiency in BRCA2 and inability to generate RAD51 nucleofilaments, these tumor cells are unable to restore HRR mechanisms. Instead, these cells acquire PARP inhibitor resistance by limiting the nucleolytic degradation of their stalled replication forks. We have recently made the surprising observation that BRCA2-deficient tumors can become resistant to PARPi by downregulating the expression of the polycomb repressive complex PRC2, a methyltransferase complex containing EZH2, SUZ12, EED, and RbAp48. Importantly, downregulation of PRC2 results in the reduced recruitment of the nuclease MUS81 to the RF, thereby providing a novel mechanism of RF protection and PARPi resistance. A molecular understanding of PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms may allow the generation of a new class of drugs, or a repurposing of existing drugs, which may reverse this resistance and extend the use of PARP inhibitors to more tumor types. Citation Format: Alan D. D’Andrea. PARP inhibitor resistance and acquired vulnerability in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Textural and compositional controls on mudrock breakthrough pressure and permeability

Abstract Breakthrough pressure and permeability control the structural sealing capacity of mudrocks in hydrocarbon reservoirs and CO2 sequestration sites. Breakthrough pressure studies show a wide array of results due to the natural heterogeneity of mudrocks. This includes the effects of variability in grain size distribution, fine sediment fraction, and mineral composition. Resedimentation techniques have been widely applied to the study of mudrock permeability but little work focused on breakthrough pressure. Here we perform a parametric study on breakthrough pressure and permeability in resedimented mudrocks using samples composed of ternary mixtures of kaolinite, quartz, and lime. The texture, or grain size distributions, and composition, or mineralogical concentration, of our mudrock fabric is systematically varied. We show that lime is effective in cementing resedimented samples, producing mechanically competent mudrocks and allowing for robust mercury injection capillary porosimetry. We observed that breakthrough pressure increases and permeability decreases with fine-grained void ratio, rather than bulk void ratio, according to power-law relationships. The fine-grained void ratio is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to volume of fine grains where the size of the fine grains is controlled by the structure of the coarse-grained percolating network. These relationships can be used to estimate the sealing capacity of shaly sandstones and sandy mudrocks and highlight the variability of transport properties in coarse-fine sediment mixtures. Plain Language Summary: Carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, can be injected into and sequestered within deep brine filled aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs to reduce atmospheric emissions. After injection, CO2 rises buoyantly until it collects beneath a rock formation that is much less permeable than the reservoir. These formations which trap CO2 are often mudrocks. Predicting how well a mudrock can hold back the CO2 from rising to the surface is vital to the success of any underground sequestration effort, but this is a daunting task given the wide variability in natural mudrocks. To address this problem, we created artificial mudrocks in the laboratory and measured the amount of pressure it takes for CO2 to first begin to flow, or breakthrough, the rocks. We determined that the breakthrough pressure of mudrocks can be predicted by the relative amounts of pores present within the fine and coarse grained size fractions in each mudrock.
Is Breast Still Best From a Bottle

* Abbreviation: CHILD — : Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development “What is the healthiest way to feed our baby?” Many new parents ask their pediatricians this question. Although “breastfeeding” has been the clear answer for decades, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding as the primary driver of health benefits for infants has emerged more recently.1,2 The strongest evidence for exclusive breastfeeding is in the prevention of common infectious diseases and sudden infant death syndrome.1–3 That exclusive breastfeeding is associated with healthier early weight gain trajectories has been more difficult to demonstrate, but authors of recent studies have begun to build some early evidence in this area.2,4 Because exclusive breastfeeding was found to be the key ingredient for positive child health impacts, new questions arose. If a newborn is transiently given supplemental formula for a few days in early life but then reverts to exclusive breastfeeding, does the same degree of health benefits hold? Is there a difference in health outcomes if human milk is fed directly from the breast or if it is expressed and fed via a bottle? When bottled human milk is used, does it matter if it is used as fresh milk or reheated after refrigeration or freezing? Does the … Address correspondence to Alison Volpe Holmes, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Rubin 525, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756. E-mail: alison.v.holmes{at}hitchcock.org
Medicaid Insurance Correlates With Increased Resource Utilization Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background With increased restraints and efforts to contain costs in total hip arthroplasty (THA), an emphasis has been placed on risk stratification. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Medicaid patients have increased resource utilization (including 90-day emergency department [ED] visits and readmissions) compared to Medicare or commercial insurance carriers. The study hypothesized that the Medicaid population would represent a high-risk cohort with increased resource utilization. Methods The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary THAs from 2013 to 2017 based on Current Procedural Terminology codes and patients undergoing revision surgery were excluded. Demographic information including age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and medical comorbidities including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were evaluated. Patients were stratified by insurance type and length of stay (LOS), and 90-day ED visits and 90-day readmissions were assessed in univariable and multivariable analysis. Results A total of 3674 primary THA patients were included in the analysis (including 116 with Medicaid, 1713 with Medicare, and 1845 with other insurance providers). Medicaid patients had significantly higher ASA scores (P Conclusion Medicaid patients represent a higher risk cohort with increased resource utilization perioperatively, including longer LOS, and more 90-day ED visits and readmissions. This should be considered in outcome assessments and alternative expectations for the episode of care should be set for this population.
A single-institution experience of performing bloodless transplant in Jehovah's Witness patients.

Abstract Objective/Background Autologous stem cell transplant has been shown to prolong survival in multiple myeloma (MM). A common complication of the pre-transplant conditioning chemotherapy is severe multi-lineage cytopenias, resulting in significant transfusion requirements. Jehovah's Witnesses are members of a religious group that do not accept the transfusion of blood products. Many large transplant centers refuse to perform transplantation in Jehovah's Witnesses due to the complexity of treating cytopenic patients without blood product transfusions. However, some transplant centers that specialize in “bloodless” medicine and surgery have successfully transplanted in Jehovah’s Witnesses without transfusion support. Methods In order to maximize successful outcomes in this population, potential transplant candidates are treated with a variety of agents to maximize baseline hemoglobin and platelet counts. In preparation for the first two “bloodless” transplants for MM at our institution, we conducted a retrospective study of patients with MM who underwent a transplant in the preceding year. Results Of the 60 patients reviewed, only six required packed red blood cell transfusion, whereas 39 required at least one platelet transfusion. These findings helped us to design a novel protocol for a “bloodless” autologous transplant. We administered romiplostim, a thrombopoietin (TPO) agonist, along with aminocaproic acid, desmopressin, and vitamin K post-transplant to two Jehovah's Witness patients to mitigate the risk of thrombocytopenia. Neither patient experienced significant bleeding nor qualified for platelet transfusion, and underwent successful and uncomplicated transplantation. Conclusion We propose that the use of romiplostim or similar TPO agonists can be used to maximize the chance of a successful “bloodless” transplant for stem cell recipients.
Application of the Supported Fluorescent Probe Proxyl Fluorescamine to the Measurement of Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke and Secondary Organic Aerosols

Application of the Supported Fluorescent Probe Proxyl Fluorescamine to the Measurement of Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke and Secondary Organic Aerosols Mohamad Sleiman 1 ; Hugo Destaillats 1,2 ; and Lara A. Gundel 1 Environmental Energy Technologies Division Indoor Environment Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720, USA January 2012 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA This research was supported by the California Tobacco‐Related Disease Research Program (Grants 18FT‐0105 and 20PT‐0184). LBNL operates under US DOE contract No. DEAC02‐05CH11231.
Yes to bezique, no to aqueduct: a critical discourse analysis of how U.S. news covers sororities

College sororities in the United States recently have spent lavishly to produce professional-level recruitment videos in an effort to attract new members. The videos feature mostly white, blonde, a...