cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Excursion of the Temporalis Muscle-Tendon Unit Using Electrical Stimulation: Application in the Design of Smile Restoration Surgery Following Facial Paralysis

ImportanceThe temporalis muscle has the potential to substitute for the function of paralyzed facial muscles in a single-stage procedure when transferred as a muscle-tendon unit (MTU). ObjectiveTo ...
Next steps for value sensitive design

Questions of human values often arise in HCI research and practice. Such questions can be difficult to address well, and a principled approach can clarify issues of both theory and practice. One such approach is Value Sensitive Design (VSD), an established theory and method for addressing issues of values in a systematic and principled fashion in the design of information technology. In this essay, we suggest however that the theory and at times the presentation of VSD overclaims in a number of key respects, with the result of inhibiting its more widespread adoption and appropriation. We address these issues by suggesting four topics for next steps in the evolution of VSD: (1) tempering VSD's position on universal values; (2) contextualizing existing and future lists of values that are presented as heuristics for consideration; (3) strengthening the voice of the participants in publications describing VSD investigations; and (4) making clearer the voice of the researchers. We propose new or altered approaches for VSD that address these issues of theory, voice, and reportage.
Life Cycle Assessment in regulatory decision-making

Government agencies face demands for more use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in making decisions on the health and environmental dimensions of nano-enabled products. This paper is a preliminary assessment of the current utilization of life cycle approaches in the U.S. regulatory system. It notes the absence of legal authority for LCA in most U.S. environmental and health laws, and observes how long embedded statutory authority may preclude use of LCA where it most needed.
Survival of Rat and Porcine Sertoli Cell Transplants in the Rat Striatum without Cyclosporine-A Immunosuppression

The use of cyclosporine-A (CsA) immunosuppression for neural transplantation has become the treatment of choice for ameliorating host-graft rejection responses in human and animal transplant studies. However, the cytotoxic effects of CsA have warranted a search for alternative methods of protecting neural transplants. Sertoli cells produce an immunosuppressant factor, Fas ligand (Fas-L), that may provide the testis with its immunoprivileged status. Therefore, it has recently been suggested that these cells may be useful in producing localized immunosuppression for transplants. If Sertoli cells do produce localized immunosuppression, then it should be possible to successfully transplant Sertoli cells without additional immunosuppression following transplant surgery. The present study was undertaken to determine whether rat or porcine Sertoli cells transplanted into rat brain would survive for an extended period of time without CsA immunosuppression. Isolated rat or porcine Sertoli cells prelabeled with DiI were transplanted into normal rat brain. We report that both rat Sertoli cell allografts and porcine Sertoli cell xenografts survived for at least 2 months posttransplantation into the rat brain without CsA immunosuppression, indicating that these grafts were capable of producing sufficient localized immunosuppression to survive at the site of transplant without additional systemic immunosuppression.
From enzyme to zymogen: engineering Vip2, an ADP-ribosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus, for conditional toxicity

The adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, Vip2 (vegetative insecticidal protein), from Bacillus cereus in combination with another protein from the same organism, Vip1, has insecticidal activity against western corn rootworm larvae. The Vip2 protein exerts its intracellular poisoning effect by modifying actin and preventing actin polymerization. Due to the nature of this toxin, expression of Vip2 in planta is lethal. In this work, we attempted to build an enzyme precursor (proenzyme, zymogen) that would silently reside in one biological system (e.g. plants or yeast) and be activated in the other (insect larvae). Our approach involved engineering a random propeptide library at the C-terminal end of Vip2 and selecting for malfunctional enzyme variants in yeast. A selected proenzyme (proVip2) possesses reduced enzymatic activity as compared with the wild-type Vip2 protein, but remains a potent toxin toward rootworm larvae. In addition, upon analysis of the digestive fate of the engineered enzyme precursor in rootworm larvae, we demonstrated that 'zymogenized' Vip2 can be proteolytically activated by rootworm digestive enzyme machinery. This report represents an example of applying a protein engineering strategy for the creation of a plant-tolerated, zymogen-like form of an otherwise toxic protein. This approach may outline a novel path to address challenges associated with utilizing toxic proteins in certain biotechnological applications.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of High Purity Distillation Columns for Cryogenic Air Separation

High purity distillation columns are critical unit operations in cryogenic air separation plants that supply purified gases to a number of industries. We have developed a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy based on the assumption of full-state feedback for a prototypical cryogenic distillation column to allow effective operation over a wide range of plant production rates. The controller design was based on a reduced-order compartmental model derived from detailed mass and energy balances by exploiting time-scale separations. Temporal discretization of the compartmental model produced a very large set of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations with advantageous sparsity properties, enabling online solution of the NMPC problem. The synergistic combination of several real-time implementation techniques were found to be essential for further reducing computation time and allowing reliable solution within the 2-min controller sampling interval. Closed-loop simulation studies demonstrated the performance advantages of NMPC compared to linear model predictive control technology currently used in the air separation industry.
TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY DUE TO ANEJACULATION IN THE MALE WITH ELECTROEJACULATION AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that spinal cord injury and/or anejaculation affects the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Materials and Methods: From November 1993 to October 1998 we obtained and prospectively reviewed data on 34 ICSI cycles using electroejaculated sperm, 620 male factor infertility ICSI cycles using normal ejaculated sperm and 120 cases of obstructive azoospermia, in which microsurgical epididymal aspiration and testicular sperm extraction-ICSI were done in 93 and 27, respectively.Results: A total of 34 ICSI cycles were performed in 17 couples with male infertility due to anejaculation secondary to spinal cord injury in 10 patients and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 5, and idiopathic in 2. In all 17 couples at least 3 previous intrauterine insemination cycles had failed. After electroejaculation 11 men had oligozoospermia and 6 normal sperm density. Median sperm retrieval volume plus or minus standard deviation was 1.9 ± 1.9 ml., median sperm concentration 7...
Time Series and the Derivation of Demand and Supply Curves A Study of Coffee and Tea, 1850–1930

I. Introduction. 667. — II. The history of the coffee industry, 671; a demand curve for coffee, 1875–1918, 675. — III. The tea industry, 678; derivation of curves, 680; their validity, 684. — IV. Conclusion, 685.
Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water

AbstractSpectroscopically pure carbon rods were subjected to a carbon arc in highly purified water. The arc current varied from 20 to 25 A and was passed intermittently for several hours. The original carbon contained ∼2 parts per million (ppm) iron, and the detritus contained up to 286 ppm of iron. The carbon rods remained cool to the touch at >2 cm from their tips. Adsorption of iron from water or the surrounding atmosphere was established as not being the cause of the increase of iron. There is a weak correlation between the iron formed and the time of passage of current. When dissolved O2, was replaced by N2 in the solution, no iron was formed. Hence, the mechanism was suggested as the origin of the iron. The increase in temperature of the solution was consistent with expectation based on this reaction.
Stemming the tide of ALS

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are protective for motor neurons. Despite this, clinical trials of peripherally administered NTFs in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is invariably fatal, have failed to show benefit. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are protective in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. One possibility for the protective effects of MSCs could be that these cells produce NTFs. In a proof-of-concept clinical study, Petrou and colleagues show that autologous transplantation of MSCs, engineered to produce NTFs, appears to be safe and may slow disease progression in ALS patients. These investigators performed a single-dose safety study followed by an open label dose-ascending study in clinically definite or probable ALS patients between 20 and 75 years of age at the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel. Each study consisted of a 3 month run-in period, in which rates of disease progression were determined; a single autologous MSC transplant; and 6 months of follow up. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates from ALS patients and engineered in culture to upregulate production of NTFs (MSC-NTFs). The primary outcome of the study was safety. Secondary measures included changes in the average monthly slope of decline pre and post treatment using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), forced vital capacity (FVC), biceps compound muscle action potential amplitude, and MRI arm muscle volume. Overall, they found no serious adverse events after MSC transplantation. The most common side effects were transient and related to MSC administration. These included headache, fever, back/leg pain, vomiting, and stiffness. A post hoc analysis of all patients receiving either intrathecal or intramuscular plus intrathecal MSC-NTF transplantation (n=15) found: (i) a slowing in loss of respiratory function (p = 0.04) and a trend towards benefit in other secondary measures; and (ii) 87% of patients showed at least a 25% improvement on either the ALSFRS-R scale or in the FVC slope of decline. The authors conclude that intrathecal administration of MSC-NTFs may be more effective than peripheral administration of NTFs alone due to better delivery to the central nervous system. Limitations of the study include the lack of a control group, the small number of patients, and the short duration of follow up. A phase 2 randomized control clinical trial of MSC-NTFs in ALS patients is ongoing. P. Petrou et al ., Safety and clinical effects of mesenchymal stem cells secreting neurotrophic factor transplantation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results of phase 1/2 and 2a clinical trials . JAMA Neurol. 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4321 (2016). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2480881
The effect of parenteral alimentation fluid, undiluted or diluted with saline or frseh sera, on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro at 37 °C

Parenteral alimentation is often complicated by Candida albicans infection which may be fatal. This study investigated the effect of alimentation fluid (Aminosol) on C. albicans' growth in vitro. It was found that concentrated Aminosol (1400 milliosmoles) maintained C. albicans in a viable state but inhibited replication. Dilution of alimentation fluid to physiological concentrations (300 milliosmoles) with either saline or aged pooled normal sera promoted in vitro growth of C. albicans which was equivalent to that obtained in BHI broth and was slightly less than that obtained in Sabouraud's broth. The effects of fresh sera with full complement activity were also investigated. In fresh sera appropriately diluted with physiological saline, some clumping of the yeasts was observed and all formed germ tubes. Growth as defined by budding or the formation of hyphae was inhibited. When Aminosol was diluted to 300 milliosmoles with fresh sera, all yeasts were noted to be in clumps with germ tubes as well as continually growing hyphae. Growth was approximately equal to that seen in Aminosol similarly diluted with saline.
What is different in children

The bones of infants and children are soft and so they tend to buckle and bend rather than frankly break. In addition, to accommodate growth, epiphyseal plates exist. These areas represent weak zones in the long bones and shearing/twisting forces cause fractures. All of this results in fractures different than what one sees in adults and this communication deals with how to identify these fractures, how to appreciate the more subtle of these fractures, and how to utilize comparative views for the subtle cases.
Virulence of Anagrapha falcifera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus to Economically Significant Lepidoptera

Anagrapha falcifea Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AfNPV) has exceptional commercial potential due to its broad host range among Baculoviridae. We compared the virulence of AfNPV toward 2nd instar corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), with homologous and heterologous baculovirus standards. We also investigated effects of a contaminating cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), a fluorescent brightener, and genetic selection on the virulence of AfNPV. Based on relative susceptibility to AfNPV, the insect species were ranked (most to least susceptible) as follows: H. virescens > H. zea > S. exigua > S.frugiperda > P. xylostella . Contamination of AfNPV with naturally occurring CPV did not have a significant effect on AfNPV virulence. The virulence of AfNPV and AcNPV ( Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) toward S. exigua and P. xylostella was not significantly different. AfNPV is also as virulent as SeNPV ( Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus) toward S. exigua . AfNPV was significantly less virulent than H. zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzNPV) toward H. zea , but its virulence toward H. virescens was not significantly different from HzNPV. Survival time assays on neonate H. virescens showed that HzNPV killed significantly faster than AfNPV. The addition of a fluorescent brightener, B1ankophor (1%, wt:vol) to the virus inocula significantly enhanced AfNPV virulence toward all 4 species tested, but major gains in potency were realized only against S. exigua and P. xylostella . Genetic selection of AfNPV by 10 serial passages through P. xylostella did not significantly improve virus virulence against P. xylostella . We predict that AfNPV may provide acceptable control of H. zea , H. virescens , and S. exigua in the field and may also provide control of P. xylostella with the addition of Blankophor.
Deposition of Superconducting Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Phases on Metal Foils by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

The synthesis of superconducting Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O thin films on metal foils (Au and Ag) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been investigated. Ba-Ca-Cu-O-(F) films are first prepared via MOCVD using fluorinated "second generation" metal-organic precursors. After an intermediate anneal with water vapor-saturated oxygen to promote removal of F, Tl is introduced by annealing in the presence of a mixture of oxides (Tl2O3, BaO, CaO, CuO) of a specific composition. Characterization of the thin films by scanning electron microscopy, EDX, x-ray diffraction, and variable temperature magnetization measurements has been carried out. High temperature superconductor (HTS) films of Tl2Ba2Ca1Cu2O8-x on Au foil exhibit a magnetically derived Tc = 80K and a high degree of texturing with the crystallite c-axes oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface as evidenced by enhanced (000 x-ray diffraction reflections. Thin film coverage on Ag foil becomes non-contiguous during the (Tl2O3, BaO, CaO, CuO) mixture anneal.
Improved Procedures for Mass Rearing the European Corn Borer

Increased production of mass-reared adult Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) was achieved by adding an inhibitor of fungal growth to the pupal collection rings, by darkening the upper half of the containers, and by modifying the cooking of the diet. The changes resulted in an average increased yield of 270 adults per rearing dish.
Narrating the Racialization of Space in Austin, Texas and Nashville, Tennessee

Narrating the Racialization of Space in Austin, Texas and Nashville, Tennessee People of color in the United States have been obligated to move through public space in particular ways, dictated by law and social custom. Narrators create cognitive maps of movement in the city shaped by racial codes of behavior. The maps change over time as law and social custom changes. The fluidity of the maps is also influenced by status, gender, class, and skin tone. This paper examines a rich body of oral narratives co-created with African Americans from 2004 to 2014 focusing on how men and women narrate their concepts of racialized space. It moves from narratives about the larger landscape — the city — to smaller, more personal public places — the sidewalk and the store — to intimate sites of contact in the public sphere. Many of the narratives describe complex flows of controlled movement dictated by racial boundaries in the context of capitalism. The narratives form an urban ethnography of the power relations inscribed on the landscape by racializing movement in space. Narracje o urasowieniu przestrzeni w Austin (Teksas) i Nashville (Tennessee) Nie-Biali w Stanach Zjednoczonych byli zmuszeni do poruszania sie w przestrzeni publicznej w szczegolny sposob, określony przez prawo i zwyczaj spoleczny. W swoich narracjach badani tworzą mapy kognitywne ruchu w mieście, ksztaltowane przez rasowe kody zachowania. Mapy te zmienialy sie w czasie pod wplywem zmian prawnych i zwyczajowych. Na plynnośc tych map wplywaly takze status, plec, klasa i odcien koloru skory. W artykule przeanalizowano bogaty zbior relacji ustnych tak zwanych Afroamerykanow, zbieranych w latach 2004-2014; uwaga skupia sie na tym, jak mezczyźni i kobiety opowiadają o swoim widzeniu przestrzeni urasowionej. Omowiono narracje o szerszej przestrzeni miasta, jak i wezszej, skoncentrowanej na bardziej osobistych miejscach publicznych, takich jak sklep. Wiele narracji opisuje zlozone wiązki kontrolowanych ruchow, dyktowane przez granice rasowe w kontekście kapitalizmu. Narracje te tworzą etnografie miejskości o relacjach wladzy wpisanych w krajobraz, opartych na urasowieniu ruchu w przestrzeni.
Study on the Down-Stroke Damping Factor of Eccentric Rod String in Oil Tube

This paper adopted fluid-solid coupling analysis method,and took the rod string,the well fluids and the oil tube as research objects,well fluids are assumed to be Newtonian fluids.When well fluids are laminar or turbulent,the damping factor of the different eccentric rod string was calculated respectively.The results shows that the numerical result of the laminar damping factor is in accord with the theoretical result and proportional error is 0.60%;with eccentricity of rod string increases,pressure losses of the well fluids and the damping factor of rod string decreases,damping force is nonuniform distribution along circumferential direction in the section of rod string,the velocity gradient and damping force of the eccentric rod string are higher in the wide annuli than that in the narrow annuli;when the well fluids are laminar,damping factor drops from 0.1274 at eccentricity of 0 to 0.1195 with the eccentricity of 50%;when the well fluids are turbulent,damping factor drops from 0.3169 at eccentricity of 0 to 0.2613 with eccentricity of 50%.This paper can provide a theory basis to calculating the damping force of the eccentric rod string.
Pre-assessment of occupational hazards in electrolytic aluminum project

Objective To evaluate occupational hazards possibly existed in the project,provide the evidence for protective measures and suggestions.Methods According to the relevant national standards,the methods of analogy,checklist and experience were applied to evaluate the project.Results Analogical enterprise was chosen and monitoring results showed that the qualified rates of CO,SO2,CO2,benzo(a) pyrene,noise and petroleum pitch smoke were all 100%,the qualified rates of alumina dust,WBGT,power frequency electric field and magnetic field work frequency were 26.67%,33.33%,50.00% and 92.59%,respectively.Conclusion The project is a serious occupational hazard project.The occurrence of occupational diseases can be prevented,if protective measures and personal protection are strengthened.
Incorporating trend data to aid in the causal interpretation of individual-level correlations among variables: examples focusing on the recent decline in marijuana use.

Given the close correspondence of several trends beginning in 1979, it is tempting to conclude that increases in perceived risk and disapproval led to the decline in actual use of marijuana. In this chapter, two alternative interpretations are considered, reflecting different hypotheses about individual-level causal processes: (1) changes in use led to the changes in attitudes, or (2) changes in some other factor(s) (e.g., increased "conventionality") caused both changes in use and changes in attitudes. This chapter documents a series of analyses designed to untangle such issues by incorporating trend data along with individual-level, cross-sectional relationships. One analysis strategy shows that controlling attitudes could "account for" the time trend in marijuana use, whereas the reverse is not true. The second analysis strategy examines how time trends in marijuana use are affected by multivariate controls for attitudes, as well as other individual characteristics, and shows that only the attitude measures can "explain" the time trend in marijuana use. Although these analyses are viewed as helping to explain the recent secular trend downward in marijuana use, as well as the still more recent decline in cocaine use, their most important contribution to prevention intervention research may be that they support a very basic generalization about individual-level causal processes: individual attitudes about specific drugs affect individuals use of those drugs.
P-002 flat panel c-arm and ct-guided selective trigeminal and glossopharyngeal radiofrequency rhizotomy for facial pain syndromes: a step-by-step case-based instruction and multidisciplinary single center experience

Introduction/purpose Facial pain is a debilitating disease with 15,000 new TN cases and 500 GPN cases reported each year, and is often refractory to medical treatment. Minimally invasive rhizotomy is an excellent treatment but requires reaching a deep skull base target with a needle for radiofrequencey (RF) treatment. In this report, we highlight a combined flat panel dynaCT and fluoroscopic guidance system to target the V3 through foramen ovale, V2 through foramen rotundum, and glossopharyngeal nerve adjacent to the styloid process for RF-based therapies, with step-by-step instruction as highlighted by representative cases. Materials and methods Eighteen patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) and 2 patients with classical Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia (GPN) were enrolled. Among the 18 TN patients, 15 presented with atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia (ATN) and 3 presented with classical Trigeminal Neuralgia (CTN). Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for facial pain pre-treatment, immediate post-treatment, post procedure day 1, and months 1 and 3 were recorded documenting primary clinical outcome (pain relief with 50% or more reduction in NRS) and adverse clinical outcome (hematoma, facial numbness, masticatory weakness, corneal involvement, and difficulty swallowing). Results The technical success rate is 100%, confirmed by dynaCT and electrostimulatory testing in awake patients. GPN and CTN groups show excellent immediate and sustained pain relief (2/2 (100%) and 3/3 (100%) with NRS reduction >50% up to 3 months). The ATN group is variable, with 6/15 (40%) having good immediate and sustained pain relief, while the other 9 (60%) patients experienced sub-optimal response (NRS reduction Conclusion We present a step-by-step method using representative examples targeting V3, V2, and the glossopharyngeal nerve, as well as our single-center experience with dyna-CT guided RF ablation of chronic facial pain. Using this multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate 100% technical success with needle guidance to difficult locations. Treatment results are excellent for CTN and GPN (100% NRS reduction >50% up to 3 months), with more variable results in ATN (40% NRS reduction >50% up to 3 months), which is known to be more refractory to therapies. Disclosures N. Telischak: None. J. Heit: None. O. Choudhri: None. H. Do: None. X. Qian: None.
Sonographic Evaluation of a Pilonidal Cyst: A Case Study

Pilonidal cysts are collections of hair or skin debris located most commonly on or near the natal cleft of the buttocks. These cysts can become infected and cause swelling and bleeding at the site....
Educational philosophy – East, West, and beyond: A reading and discussion of Xueji (學記)

AbstractThis article analyzes Xueji (學記) and discusses some of the myths and facts in Western perceptions of Chinese educational practice. It also looks at the similarities and contrasts between Eastern and Western conceptions of teaching and learning. A careful study of Xueji (學記) will help in understanding some common Western misunderstandings and misperceptions of Chinese pedagogic practices, in particular, the views that Chinese educational practices and ideas are authoritarian, encourage obedience to authority over individual inquiry, promote memorization over comprehension, and are non-individualized to the point of encouraging uniformity over diversity. A better understanding of the classical Chinese approach to learning and teaching will foster a deeper understanding of the nature of pedagogic practices. Such an understanding will enable us to make a better assessment of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western conceptions of learning and teaching with a view to sharing ideas f...
Widespread Chromatin Accessibility at Repetitive Elements Links Stem Cells with Human Cancer

Chromatin regulation is critical for differentiation and disease. However, features linking the chromatin environment of stem cells with disease remain largely unknown. We explored chromatin accessibility in embryonic and multipotent stem cells and unexpectedly identified widespread chromatin accessibility at repetitive elements. Integrating genomic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that these sites of increased accessibility are associated with well-positioned nucleosomes marked by distinct histone modifications. Differentiation is accompanied by chromatin remodeling at repetitive elements associated with altered expression of genes in relevant developmental pathways. Remarkably, we found that the chromatin environment of Ewing sarcoma, a mesenchymally derived tumor, is shared with primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accessibility at repetitive elements in MSCs offers a permissive environment that is exploited by the critical oncogene responsible for this cancer. Our data demonstrate that stem cells harbor a unique chromatin landscape characterized by accessibility at repetitive elements, a feature associated with differentiation and oncogenesis.
Methane partial oxidation by silica‐supported iron phosphate catalysts. Influence of iron phosphate content on selectivity and catalyst structure

Selective oxidation of methane to methanol and formaldehyde at atmospheric pressure was studied over a series of silica‐supported FePO4 catalysts, with iron phosphate content ranging from 2 to 16 wt%. Performance was evaluated over the range T=773–963 K, GHSV=25,000–65,000 h−1, and CH4 : O2=1. The main products were formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Small, but quantifiable amounts of methanol were also observed. Catalytic activity exhibited a clear dependence on the iron phosphate content. The highest selectivity and space time yield (STY) to formaldehyde and methanol were observed for 2 wt% FePO4 on silica (STY of 622 and 25 g/kgcat h, respectively). The selectivity–conversion pattern suggests that methane is oxidized directly to methanol and formaldehyde, and sequentially to carbon oxides. Characterization was performed by X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Crystalline FePO4 is observed at all loading levels, however, a significant fraction of the iron (58% at 2 wt% FePO4) is present in an X‐ray amorphous phase. Mossbauer spectra suggest that this phase contains iron in five‐fold coordination, and with a higher electron density relative to bulk FePO4. The amount of this five‐coordinate phase present is roughly 1 wt% Fe, independent of total iron loading. XPS confirms the lower effective oxidation state of iron, and indicates that at low loading the surface is enriched in phosphorus relative to bulk FePO4. It is proposed that iron in five‐fold coordinate sites, isolated by phosphate groups, more selectively activates methane than crystalline FePO4. As loading increases, so does the amount of crystalline FePO4, which is proposed to more rapidly catalyze sequential oxidation of the selective products.
Cooperative human-machine data extraction from biological collections

Historical data sources, like medical records or biological collections, consist of unstructured heterogeneous content: handwritten text, different sizes and types of fonts, and text overlapped with lines, images, stamps, and sketches. The information these documents can provide is important, from a historical perspective and mainly because we can learn from it. The automatic digitization of these historical documents is a complex machine learning process that usually produces poor results, requiring costly interventions by experts, who have to transcribe and interpret the content. This paper describes hybrid (Human- and Machine-Intelligent) workflows for scientific data extraction, combining machine-learning and crowdsourcing software elements. Our results demonstrate that the mix of human and machine processes has advantages in data extraction time and quality, when compared to a machine-only workflow. More specifically, we show how OCRopus and Tesseract, two widely used open source Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools, can improve their accuracy by more than 42%, when text areas are cropped by humans prior to OCR, while the total time can increase or decrease depending on the OCR selection. The digitization of 400 images, with Entomology, Bryophyte, and Lichen specimens, is evaluated following four different approaches: processing the whole specimen image (machine-only), processing crowd cropped labels (hybrid), processing crowd cropped fields (hybrid), and cleaning the machine-only output. As a secondary result, our experiments reveal differences in speed and quality between Tesseract and OCRopus.
Blocker-Tolerant and High-Sensitivity $\Delta \Sigma $ Correlation Digitizer for Radar and Coherent Receiver Applications

In this paper, a coherent subsampling digitizer for pulsed Doppler radar systems is proposed. Prior to transmission, the radar system modulates the RF pulse with a known pseudorandom binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence. Upon reception, the radar digitizer uses a programmable sample-and-hold circuit to multiply the received waveform by a properly time-delayed version of the known a priori BPSK sequence. This operation demodulates the desired echo signal while suppressing the spectrum of all in-band noncorrelated interferers, making them appear as noise in the frequency domain. The resulting demodulated narrowband Doppler waveform is then subsampled at the IF frequency by a delta–sigma modulator. Because the digitization bandwidth within the delta–sigma feedback loop is much less than the input bandwidth to the digitizer, the thermal noise outside of the Doppler bandwidth is effectively filtered prior to quantization, providing an increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the digitizer’s output compared with the input SNR. In this demonstration, a delta–sigma correlation digitizer is fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology. The digitizer has a power consumption of 1.12 mW with an IIP3 of 7.5 dBm. The digitizer is able to recover Doppler tones in the presence of blockers up to 40 dBm greater than the Doppler tone.
Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies

The incidence of postterm pregnancies is reported to be between 5% and 6%. Risk factors include primigravity, previous history of a postterm pregnancy, male fetus, and maternal obesity. Infants delivered postterm are at risk for neonatal convulsions, meconium aspiration syndrome, and low Apgar scores. Stillbirth is also increased; hence antenatal surveillance is recommended [1].
The Tragedy of the Elephants

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) attempts to protect African elephants by banning nearly all international trade in ivory. Despite decades of this strict regulatory approach, poachers rapaciously kill thousands of elephants each year due to an economic phenomenon known as the tragedy of the commons. Although government regulation of an open-access resource is a recognized means of resolving a common’s dilemma, this approach fails when the resource’s stakeholders have little incentive to enforce or comply with such regulation. CITES has clung to Western perspectives of the elephant even though the primary consuming and producing states of ivory are in Africa and East Asia. The West sees the very consumption of ivory as archaic and inhumane. However, many in Africa and East Asia see those values as alien and imperialistic. These peoples have few incentives to follow centralized conservation policies embedded with cultural imperialism. CITES needs a radical new approach to save the African elephant. CITES should lift the international ban on the ivory trade and promote community and private property rights in African elephants to ensure the species' survival. This approach could simultaneously save the African elephant and satisfy the needs and desires of local peoples. This Article demonstrates that this approach is ethically justifiable from rights and utilitarian based systems of animal ethics.
Collaborating with Cultural and Linguistically Diverse Families of Students in Rural Schools who Receive Special Education Services

The changes in demographics in the United States are creating challenges in today's schools as more children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds are identified with disabil...
MicroRNAs in innate immune responses and autoimmune diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide single-stranded RNAs that regulate the stability of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) via selective binding to specific sites at the 3'-UTR. This triggers repression in translation and mRNA degradation. It has been estimated that ~60% of all mRNAs are under the control of miRNAs. Among the known hundreds of miRNAs, some are considered master regulators controlling either a single or multiple cellular pathways. Some miRNAs are known to affect development and cell differentiation, while others are implicated in immunity and autoimmune diseases. A very interesting example is miR-146a, which has been reported to be downregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus and upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis. This miRNA plays a dominant role in the regulation of the innate immune responses. The overexpression or underexpression of miRNAs can influence specific targets and pathways, leading to autoimmune disease phenotypes, and this is also supported by some in vivo studies. Targeting miRNAs could represent a valid future therapeutic option for autoimmune diseases. This discussion will focus on the current understanding in the function of miR-146a in endotoxin tolerance and cross-tolerance, and how it may contribute to modulate the overproduction of known pathogenic cytokines.
In-Situ Growth of Y-Ba-Cu-O Films by High Pressure DC Sputtering

The superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O films(1-1.5 μm) were grown on (100)Si and (100)MgO substrates at low temperatures(< 450°C) and moderate temperatures(650–750°C) by the high pressure DC planar diode sputtering process without any further annealing treatment. The sputtering gas was Ar-50%02, and total pressure was 1.5 torr. The target was Y1Ba2Cu3Ox compound. The films grown at low substrate temperatures with high discharge current ( ≥ 0.8 A) were consisted of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox phase and impurity phase CuO. Tc(zero) of the films was about 70 K. The films on (100)MgO prepared at moderate substrate temperatures with a low discharge current(0.6 A) were consisted of superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox phase. The film surface was glossy. Tc(zero) of the films is around 80 K. Tc(zero) and Jc(77 K, zero field) of as-deposited film can be improved from 81 K and 3.1x104 A/cm2 to 89 K and 3.1x105A/cm2, respectively by annealing it at 940°C for 3 min in flowing oxygen.
The atmospheric response to sea-ice loss

The coincident reduction of Arctic sea ice with increasing mid-latitude wintertime extremes has motivated much research on Arctic–mid-latitude linkages. A new study reveals that projected Antarctic sea-ice loss could also impact the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes through perturbations to the strength and position of the westerly winds.
A Real-time Simulation Testbed for Hierarchical Control of a Renewable Energy-based Microgrid

The continued rise of renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed generation (DG) necessitate and support the invention of smart grid technologies, among which communication and remote control are keystone features. Multilevel control strategies improve grid stability and provide the necessary flexibility to address changing demand, contingency, and DG variability. To test these strategies while avoiding damage to existing infrastructure or lab equipment, simulation is employed to facilitate large-scale control and protection applications. In this work, a multi-level control strategy is tested on a moderately large simulated network, using both physical and software-based controllers, in both local- and remote-control configurations. Additionally, an adaptation is made to typical control strategy to accommodate energy sharing amongst distributed resources.
Dealing with Private Losers: Problems in Sports Governance As an Illustration of the Insights of the Coase Theorem and Public Choice Theory for Strategy and Management

Sports governance requires agreement from self-interested stakeholders. Because their decisions are often characterized by information asymmetries and bargaining costs, the Coase Theorem posits that sub-optimal results will occur absent some external intervention. The paper builds upon Michael Trebilcock’s book, Dealing with Losers, to propose “transition mitigation strategies” to allow proponents of efficient innovations to achieve their goals.
PO 8594 VALIDATION OF A VERBAL AUTOPSY QUESTIONNAIRE APPLIED TO A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF CEREBRAL MALARIA IN BANDIAGARA AND BAMAKO, MALI

Background Malaria remains a leading cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe malaria is the main pathway to death caused by malaria. A study of factors associated with protection against severe malaria is best achieved using a case-control design. However, these studies are affected by the quality and appropriateness of the choice of controls that may introduce important bias in study design and definitively alter the conclusions from the studies. It is of paramount importance that the presence or absence of an episode of severe malaria in the history of the controls is ascertained. In settings with reliable medical data this is easily tracked back from hospital records. In settings like Bandiagara, with weak health care systems, a dedicated approach is needed to track history of severe malaria. We used an adapted verbal autopsy questionnaire to identify presence of cerebral malaria in the history of controls in a case-control study of severe malaria in Bandiagara. We have assessed the sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive and negative values of the questionnaire. Methods From January through August 2018 we enrolled 450 children with or without known confirmed cerebral malaria selected at health care centers in Bandiagara and Bamako, with archived medical records. Parents of enrolled children were identified, located and interviewed using the adapted verbal autopsy questionnaire. Interviewers were not aware of children’s diagnosis. We compared the diagnosis derived from the verbal autopsy questionnaire to the confirmed biological diagnosis from the medical records. Results We will present full results on the sensitivity, specificity, the predictive positive and negative values of the verbal questionnaire, and the Kappa coefficient of agreement. Conclusion A good verbal questionnaire will enhance the quality of the choice of controls in case-control studies of severe malaria and overall will improve the quality and relevance of inferences from such studies.
Signs Without Authority: The Battle of Experts, the Caricature of a Discourse and the Failure of Scientific Evidence

Science and law have a vast influence upon the inhabitants of any state. The empirical assertions of the scientist can serve as a foundation for effective law, the two working in concert to occupy a space once filled solely by fickle nature gods and arbitrary tyrants. The shared belief structure of society rests heavily upon these two systems of meaning-making. In each discipline, and under the coordination of scientific and legal efforts, clear and effective policy has emerged thanks to the intense linguistic and authoritative discipline each field maintains. That this should be the case does not surprise. For the scientist and the lawyer, the necessities and problems of their work have produced formal textual solutions that belie the complexities of the linguistic issues present underneath. As a result, the conduct of the attorney and the scientist embody an attitude of blind instrumentalism with regard to the textual product of their discipline, and with regard to the integration of other material into their discipline. Blind because neither practice is fully aware of its semiotic activity, and instrumentalist because to each has been made plain the stakes if the discipline of their code is not maintained. Emerging theories in genetics, neurology, forensics and other disciplines have the potential to create major changes to the legal construction of agency, identity, and authority. These specific subjects retain their own controversies in both legal and scientific practice, which may in time produce changes with their own semiotic payload. This text addresses broadly the transformation of scientific conjecture into legal reality, and the destruction of meaning that this has come to entail.
Negative affect mediates the relationship between use of emotion regulation strategies and general health in college-aged students

Abstract Patterns of dysregulated emotions can take a toll on both mental and physical health. Such patterns also put people at risk for affective disorders, including anxiety and depression. Early adulthood is a critical period during which affective disorders first develop, so there is a need to identify individual difference factors that predispose some young adults to develop anxiety and depression. Here, we recruited a sample of college-aged volunteers (N = 393) and assessed their use of multiple emotion regulation strategies, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and general health. We hypothesized that cognitive reappraisal would be associated with better health, via fewer reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, whereas expressive suppression would be associated with poorer health, via more depressive and anxiety symptoms. To test these hypotheses, we fit a mediation model with cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as predictors, anxiety and depressive symptoms as mediating variables, and a global health measure as the outcome. There were robust direct and indirect associations in support of our hypotheses. These results suggest that targeting emotion regulation abilities in early adulthood may be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of developing affective disorders and improve overall health.
Mixed-Methods Assessment of a Mentoring Program

AbstractA continuous cycle of mixed-methods assessment contributes to the success of a mentoring program, as shown in this case study from a large academic library. Assessment instruments include t...
Incarcerated uterus and bilateral ovaries in a premature female infant inguinal hernia

Abstract We present a case of an inguinal hernia in a premature female infant containing the uterus and bilateral adnexa. This was diagnosed on ultrasound and underwent operative repair. The viable hernia contents were reduced laparoscopically, however the sliding nature of the hernia warranted open repair. Surgery was converted to the traditional inguinal approach and the hernia was successfully repaired with high ligation of the sac and additional closure of the internal ring. Post-operative course was unremarkable.
The women’s inclusive mentoring framework: developing strong female leaders in counselor education

Women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles in counselor education, highlighting a need for leadership development and mentoring initiatives. Drawing on recommendations from the liter...
Egocentric social networks, lifestyle behaviors, and body size in the Asian Community Health Initiative (CHI) cohort.

Background Social networks have been shown to influence lifestyle behaviors in non-Latinx white (NLW) populations. We examined their influence in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) women. Methods We included 477 AANHPI women from the Asian Community Health Initiative Study who provided egocentric (degree, density, composition) and epidemiologic (size, types of ties) social network data and data on alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, diet, and body size. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations of social network measures and dichotomous outcomes, and linear regression for continuous outcomes. Results In multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher degree and/or proportion of friends were significantly related to higher Western diet, higher odds of any alcohol consumption, and lower odds of physical inactivity and body mass index (BMI)≥23 kg/m2. Additionally, a higher proportion of NLW in women’s networks was related to lower Asian diet but also lower waist size. Community participation was related to higher Western diet and lower Asian diet. By contrast, degree and/or proportion of relatives were positively related to BMI, waist size and to a higher odds of BMI≥23 kg/m2 and of ever smoking 100 cigarettes. Being married was related to fewer alcoholic drinks per week and higher Asian diet. A higher density of relationships with frequent contact was also associated with higher Asian diet. Conclusions AANHPI women with larger proportions of friends and NLWs in their networks had more Western health behaviors and smaller body size. Norms for health behaviors and body size may be influenced by the size, composition, and structure of social networks, relevant to chronic disease prevention.