cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Property Rights onthe Urban Population Management:A Case Study of Migrant Workers

The household registration system makes it possible that groups with vested interests in the city have dominance and control over the city resources.With the reinforcement of China's political and economic system reform,the household registration system continues to exist.Owing to the historical precipitation and the characteristics of vested interests groups,groups with vested interests,under the household registration system,actually have the property rights of city public resources,and then this property has led to the exclusion of the migrant population.According to Coase's theory,to eliminate or reduce the externalities,we must re-examine the institutional arrangements that define property rights,and a reform of the urban population management system based on the household registration system is necessary,and it is also the premise and foundation to solve the urban problems.
Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens Isolated from Children with Infectious Diarrhea in A Hospital

Objective To study the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the isolated pathogens from children with infectious diarrhea in a hospital.Methods The fecal samples were collected from children with infectious diarrhea who visit doctors between January 2010 and December 2011.After being cultured,pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified,and then using statistic method to study the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the isolated pathogens.Results 348 pathogenic bacterium were isolated from 6 279 fecal samples(positive rate 5.54%),including Salmonella(n=191),enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(n=118),etc.All of isolates of the 2 major pathogenic bacterium,Salmonella and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli,were susceptive to imipenem and 13% around of the isolates were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins and β-lactamase inhibitors.However,the isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(70%).Conclusion The detection rate of enteric pathogens is higher than the past,especially the Salmonella,which is the highest.The third generation cephalosporins and β-lactamase inhibitors are effective for the treatment of bacterium infectious diarrhea.
The Gibbons Indwelling Silicone Ureteral Stent Catheter

Abstract A method is described to facilitate the placement of the Gibbons indwelling silicone ureteral stent catheter using 2 ureteral catheters. The smaller catheter is placed within the silicone stent and the larger one is placed over the smaller catheter, fixing the ureteral stent within the obstructed ureter.
Seniors Housing and Long-Term Care: The Impact of Ethnicity, Age and Location

Estimates of supply and demand are fundamental to market and feasibility analysis yet the seniors housing industry lacks this data for different states and ethnic market segments. The existing national studies extrapolate current trends and consequently reflect the need to provide for the current population of users— overwhelmingly older white females. The ethnic mix of the population is changing and the change differs markedly by state. Nursing homes, care facilities and related health finance policies are regulated on a state basis. Therefore, understanding the need for senior housing at the state level by ethnic group is important to private sector developers and investors as well as public sector policy makers. This paper reviews earlier research and includes: 1) the use of long term care by ethnic group; 2) information on age and the use of long term care; 3) studies on the use long-term care by state. The research shows the presence of ethnic differences between Blacks and Whites, significant variation by state and regions in seniors’ use of nursing homes, board and care, and home health care. The paper proposes a new approach to the problem, and outlines a methodology using a new data source, the AHEAD data, to estimate the need for market driven seniors housing.
1938–39: The End of Peace

In the days immediately following Munich, Neville Chamberlain’s reputation reached its apogee. His correspondence contained literally thousands of grateful and admiring letters from men and women of all walks of life and from many countries. The press, with few exceptions, celebrated his role in saving the peace. Politicians of all parties, in and outside of Parliament, praised his statesmanship. Following the four-day debate over the Munich agreement, the Government carried the motion of approval by a majority of more than 200. Even the small band of Conservative critics (including Churchill and Eden and their respective followers) who openly disagreed with his Munich policy merely abstained in the balloting rather than vote against the motion.
“Science Fiesta!” Combining student-led community outreach with local culture

Science outreach improves science literacy among the public and communication skills of scientists. However, despite the array of well-documented benefits, robust outreach efforts are often absent from communities which stand to benefit the most from these initiatives. Here, we introduce “Science Fiesta,” a graduate student-led outreach initiative which utilizes cultural traditions of South Texas as a vehicle to establish self-sustaining interactions between scientists and their local community. Event assessment surveys indicated that attendees found the event both fun and educational. At the same time, graduate students who organized the event and participated in outreach reported that they strengthened a variety of professional skills important for their future careers. More importantly, the event had a substantial positive impact on enthusiasm for science outreach. Both public attendees and graduate students reported that they were likely to participate in future science outreach events, even though a majority of both groups had not been previously involved in outreach efforts. Science Fiesta is a model for a highly effective graduate student-led outreach initiative that is capable of 1) improving public scientific literacy, 2) reinforcing graduate education and career development and 3) creating a culture of science engagement within local communities.
The bioarchaeology of the Cerro de la Cruz cemetery, Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract This paper discusses preliminary bioarchaeological findings from the Late Formative cemetery at Cerro de la Cruz in the lower Rio Verde Valley on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca. The Cerro de la Cruz cemetery has figured prominently in a long-running debate over the hypothesized conquest of the region by Monte Alban. We discuss the results of detailed bioarchaeological analyses of 25 individuals from Cerro de la Cruz, including 5 from the cemetery, in the context of an ongoing regional study. Although taphonomic processes complicate the analysis, the individuals from the cemetery do not reveal evidence of traumatic injuries consistent with warfare. Instead, the range of pathological conditions visible on the bones is consistent with broader regional patterns. Although the age profile of the cemetery is clearly biased toward adults, this pattern appears to be the result of cultural selection and not death in battle. We also discuss the migration implications of a strontium isotope analysis from individuals in the cemetery. We consider the Cerro de la Cruz cemetery in relation to four cemeteries discovered in the region that span the Late Formative to the Early Classic periods.
Response and survival in African American (AA) patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with erlotinib (E)

e19006 Background: Pts who respond to the EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's) frequently have activating mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR or EGFR overexpression. EGFR activating mutations correlate with adenocarcinoma histology, non-smoking history, female gender, and Asian ethnicity. The presence of EGFR kinase domain mutations is predictive of response but, the relationship is not always concordant. Furthermore, mutations may not predict survival benefit with TKI therapy and other factors are likely involved. It has also been determined that EGFR and met can crosstalk, and serve as potential mechanism of resistance in NSCLC. Most data collected to date on response and overall survival with EGFR-TKI's have been in the Caucasian or Asian community. Hence we collected data specific to the AA pt as they tend to have worse outcomes stage for stage. The purpose of this study is to report the response rate, overall survival, progression free survival (PFS) and clinical characteristics of AA pts with...
Impacts of cold weather on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Texas, 1990-2011.

Abstract Cold weather was estimated to account for more than half of weather-related deaths in the U.S. during 2006–2010. Studies have shown that cold-related excessive mortality is especially relevant with decreasing latitude or in regions with mild winter. However, only limited studies have been conducted in the southern U.S. The purpose of our study is to examine impacts of cold weather on mortality in 12 major Texas Metropolitan Areas (MSAs) for the 22-year period, 1990–2011. Our study used a two-stage approach to examine the cold-mortality association. We first applied distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) to 12 major MSAs to estimate cold effects for each area. A random effects meta-analysis was then used to estimate pooled effects. Age-stratified and cause-specific mortalities were modeled separately for each MSA. Most of the MSAs were associated with an increased risk in mortality ranging from 0.1% to 5.0% with a 1 °C decrease in temperature below the cold thresholds. Higher increased mortality risks were generally observed in MSAs with higher average daily mean temperatures and lower latitudes. Pooled effect estimate was 1.58% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.81, 2.37]) increase in all-cause mortality risk with a 1 °C decrease in temperature. Cold wave effects in Texas were also examined, and several MSAs along the Texas Gulf Coast showed statistically significant cold wave-mortality associations. Effects of cold on all-cause mortality were highest among people over 75 years old (1.86%, 95% CI [1.09, 2.63]). Pooled estimates for cause-specific mortality were strongest in myocardial infarction (4.30%, 95% CI [1.18, 7.51]), followed by respiratory diseases (3.17%, 95% CI [0.26, 6.17]) and ischemic heart diseases (2.54%, 95% CI [1.08, 4.02]). In conclusion, cold weather generally increases mortality risk significantly in Texas, and the cold effects vary with MSAs, age groups, and cause-specific deaths.
Barriers to Balance: The Lower Social Classes’ Arduous Experience of Work-Life Conflict

Employees in all social classes experience competing demands for their time and energy. However, the way in which they experience conflict as a result of these occurrences is far from equitable. We...
Acknowledgments related to quadratic dynamics

THIS CHAPTER BEGAN AS A SINGLE PAGE TO ACKNOWLEDGE my indebtedness to three individuals: Mandelbrojt, Douady, and Hubbard. But it grew and — unavoidably — became increasingly autobiographical. It even extended the scope of the word “acknowledgment” by commenting about Bourbaki, my Nemesis.
Generalizations from Five Years of Research on Assessment and Decision Making: The University of Minnesota Institute:

The major purpose of the Minnesota institute was to study the assessment of LD children. Included in the scope of the research were investigations of the characteristics of children referred for ps...
1.55 [micro sign]m vertical cavity laser transmission over 200 km at 622 Mbit/s

The authors have demonstrated singlemode fibre optic transmission using double fused laterally oxidised InGaAsP vertical cavity QW lasers (VCLs) operating at 1.55 /spl mu/m. Optimum performance was obtained with VCLs with an oxidised aperture of 6-7 /spl mu/m. These VCLs had a maximum sidemode suppression ratio of 47 dB under pseudorandom modulation, a maximum bandwidth of 4.6 GHz and a current modulation efficiency factor of 3.3 GHz//spl radic/[mA]. A bit error rate <10/sup -9/ was achieved for transmission over 200 km at 622 Mbit/s.
Multi-kernel change detection for dynamic functional connectivity graphs

Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analyses of fMRI time-courses are typically performed using sliding-window based schemes. Such approaches not only inherently confine analysis to a single time-scale, but also do not generally lend themselves to accurate change-time estimates of the dynamically evolving graph topology. Change point detection methods on the other hand, offer the potential to overcome both limitations. However, the approaches employed so far in the dFC context are limited to detecting changes in linear relationships among time-courses corresponding to distinct regions of the brain. The present work puts forth a novel multi-kernel change point detection approach with the goal of capturing changes in the generally nonlinear relationships among time-courses, and thus in the topologies of the corresponding dynamically evolving FC graphs. The approach is tested on dynamic causal model (DCM) based synthetic resting-state fMRI data.
Trafficking and Coerced Prostitution in Thailand: Reconceptualizing International Law in the Age of Globalization

The trafficking of women for purposes of coerced prostitution has reportedly grown in recent years. The International Organization for Migration estimated that 200–225,000 women and children from Southeast Asia migrate to other countries annually to engage in informal labor, making this region the largest source of trafficked women in the world (Farr, Sex trafficking: The global market in women and children. Worth Publishers, New York, 2005). International human rights law has taken important steps to address the issue of trafficking within the global economy. However, since coerced prostitution is not always linked to the crossing of physical borders between sovereign states, it is commonly viewed as a domestic problem rather than a transnational one. In this chapter, I argue that coerced prostitution, particularly in Thailand, should be regarded as a transnational rather than a local issue. I will use the migration practices of Shan ethnic community members as a case study to illustrate how cultural and economic push factors influence coerced prostitution, and I will show how the abolitionist view of prostitution in human rights discourse problematizes the role of international law in the context of globalization. Finally, I will use contemporary globalization theory to show how the institution of international law functions in an outmoded paradigm.
Experimental Evidence for the Carcinogenicity of Air Pollutants

The role of air pollution in human lung cancer has been difficult to assess or quantitate due to the many confounding exposures and factors that influence human cancer (see Chapter 5). This is especially true for cancers of the respiratory tract where the vast majority of cancers have been related to cigarette smoking. Much of our understanding of the potential human risk from air pollution is derived from experimental cancer studies on both individual chemicals and mixtures of air pollutants [1]. This chapter discusses the experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of air pollutants in long-term animal cancer studies and from short-term bioassays. The evidence is organised and discussed in 3 categories of exposures: (a) individual chemicals found as air pollutants (e.g., formaldehyde); (b) mixtures emitted from air pollution sources (e.g., automotive emissions); and (c) mixtures of air pollution taken from ambient air (e.g., urban air particulate matter).
Development of machine translation technology for assisting health communication: A systematic review.

Abstract Objectives To (1) characterize how machine translation (MT) is being developed to overcome language barriers in health settings; and (2) based on evaluations presented in the literature, determine which MT approaches show evidence of promise and what steps need to be taken to encourage adoption of MT technologies in health settings. Materials & methods We performed a systematic literature search covering 2006–2016 in major health, engineering, and computer science databases. After removing duplicates, two levels of screening identified 27 articles for full text review and analysis. Our review and qualitative analysis covered application setting, target users, underlying technology, whether MT was used in isolation or in combination with human editing, languages tested, evaluation methods, findings, and identified gaps. Results Of 27 studies, a majority focused on MT systems for use in clinical settings (n = 18), and eight of these involved speech-based MT systems for facilitating patient-provider communications. Text-based MT systems (n = 19) aimed at generating a range of multilingual health materials. Almost a third of all studies (n = 8) pointed to MT’s potential as a starting point before human input. Studies employed a variety of human and automatic MT evaluation methods. In comparison studies, statistical machine translation (SMT) systems were more accurate than rule-based systems when large corpora were available. For a variety of systems, performance was best for translations of simple, less technical sentences and from English to Western European languages. Only one system has been fully deployed. Conclusions MT is currently being developed primarily through pilot studies to improve multilingual communication in health settings and to increase access to health resources for a variety of languages. However, continued concerns about accuracy limit the deployment of MT systems in these settings. The variety of piloted systems and the lack of shared evaluation criteria will likely continue to impede adoption in health settings, where excellent accuracy and a strong evidence base are critical. Greater translation accuracy and use of standard evaluation criteria would encourage deployment of MT into health settings. For now, the literature points to using MT in health communication as an initial step to be followed by human correction.
Does Cultural Affinity Influence Visual Attention An Eye Tracking Study of Human Images in ECommerce Websites

The objective of this research is to better understand the influence of cultural affinity on the design of Arab e-commerce websites, specifically the use of human images. Three versions of an e-commerce website selling cameras were built for this study – one with the image of an Arab woman holding a camera, another with the image of a Western woman holding a camera, and a third with no human image. All three websites displayed the same products (cameras) and contained the same navigational and textual elements. An eye tracking experiment involving 45 Arab participants showed that the image of the Arab woman gained participants' visual attention faster and for a longer duration than the image of the Western woman. When participants were presented with all three websites, 64.5% expressed their preference to purchase from the website with an Arab image. Although not reported in detail here, a structured questionnaire was also administered to study the influence of cultural affinity on perceived social presence and image appeal. A post-interview yielded further insights into participant preferences and the selection of culture-specific content for designing Arab ecommerce websites.
Middle School Students’ Mindsets Before and After Open-Ended Problems

Growth mindset is an important belief for students to be successful in mathematics and in their current and future lives. Solving open-ended problems also has many positive benefits for students. Little research has been conducted though on growth mindset and mathematics at the middle school level and particularly growth mindset with open-ended problems. This study explored middle school students’ mindsets before and after a four-week Saturday program that incorporated open-ended problems. We also looked at the quality of solutions developed by the students. It was found that the students generally had growth mindsets with some fixed ideas at the beginning of the study that improved to strong growth mindsets at the conclusion of the four weeks. The students also improved on their quality of solutions from the first to the last open- ended activity. Implications for the implementation and research of open-ended problems are discussed.
Global stability of some totally geodesic wave maps

Abstract We prove that wave maps that factor as R 1 + d → φ S R → φ I M , subject to a sign condition, are globally nonlinear stable under small compactly supported perturbations when M is a spaceform. The main innovation is our assumption on φ S , namely that it be a semi-Riemannian submersion. This implies that the background solution has infinite total energy, making this, to the best of our knowledge, the first stability result for factored wave maps with infinite energy backgrounds. We prove that the equations of motion for the perturbation decouple into a nonlinear wave–Klein-Gordon system. We prove global existence for this system and improve on the known regularity assumptions for equations of this type.
Early Events in Coccidioidomycosis

SUMMARY Since its description nearly 130 years ago, hundreds of studies have deepened our understanding of coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever (VF), and provided useful diagnostic tests and treatments for the disease caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides spp. In general, most of the literature has addressed well-established infections and has described patients who have experienced major complications. In contrast, little attention has been given to the earliest consequences of the pathogen-host interaction and its implications for disease manifestation, progression, and resolution. The purpose of this review is to highlight published studies on early coccidioidomycosis, identify gaps in our knowledge, and suggest new or former research areas that might be or remain fertile ground for insight into the early stages of this invasive fungal disease.
Receiving Prosocial Behavior: Examining the Reciprocal Associations between Positive Peer Treatment and Psychosocial and Behavioral Outcomes

This study investigates the prospective and reciprocal associations between positive peer treatment and psychosocial (popularity, preference, psychological distress) and behavioral (prosocial behavior) outcomes during early adolescence. Participants were 270 young adolescents (52% boys; Mage = 11.84 years) who completed peer nomination and self-report measures as part of a 7-month longitudinal study (Wave 1; Feb. Grade 6; Wave 2: May, Grade 6; Wave 3: Sept., Grade 7). Cross-lagged autoregressive path models revealed reciprocal associations between positive peer treatment and prosocial behavior, such that Wave 1 positive peer treatment predicted increases in Wave 2 prosocial behavior and vice versa. Findings are novel, highlight the importance of considering positive peer treatment during adolescence, and set the stage for future work in this area.
Perioperative management of patients with Sjögren's syndrome

Abstract The perioperative period can be a high-risk time for infections and other adverse outcomes. Several specific factors should be considered in patients with Sjogren's syndrome who are undergoing surgery. This chapter will address some of these factors, including oral and ocular health, the management of extraglandular manifestations, and the management of immunosuppressive medications. Routine aspects of the standard preoperative evaluation, such as assessment of cardiovascular risk and management of anticoagulants, will not be discussed, as these are not specific to patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
HabitWorks: Development of a CBM-I Smartphone App to Augment and Extend Acute Treatment.

Abstract The month following discharge from acute psychiatric care is associated with increased risk of relapse, rehospitalization, and suicide. Effective and accessible interventions tailored to this critical transition are urgently needed. Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) is a low-intensity intervention that targets interpretation bias, a transdiagnostic process implicated in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. We describe the development of a CBM-I smartphone app called HabitWorks as an augmentation to acute care that extends through the high-risk month postdischarge. We first obtained input from various stakeholders, including adults who had completed partial hospital treatment (patient advisory board), providers, CBM experts, and clinic program directors. We then iteratively tested versions of the app, incorporating feedback over three waves of users. Participants were recruited from a partial hospital program and completed CBM-I sessions via the HabitWorks app while attending the hospital program and during the month postdischarge. In this Stage 1A treatment development work, we obtained preliminary data regarding feasibility and acceptability, adherence during acute care, and target engagement. Pilot data met our a priori benchmarks. While adherence during acute treatment was good, it decreased during the postacute period. Qualitative feedback was generally positive and revealed themes of usability and helpfulness of app features. Participants varied in their perception of skill generalization to real-life situations. The feasibility and acceptability data suggest that a controlled trial of HabitWorks is warranted.
A Method for Graphical Representation of Severe Resonance Regions

The vibrational responses with a relatively high amplitude are due to the interference with the resonant operational range of the rotating machinery. The average operating speeds for engine cold testing pass through several critical regions while ramping from idle to the maximum testing speed. The resonant severity differs from one critical speed to another depending on the sequence of interference and the cyclic triggering of the machine harmonic distortion. A better understanding of the harmonic distortions can be built by creating a detailed Campbell diagram including the excitations generated by the engine and the electrical drive. This paper defines a comprehensive Campbell diagram including the excitations generated by the variable frequency drive and the engine and locates all the possible critical speeds. The critical speeds are used to create an inverted excitations diagram to graphically locate the most destructive resonance region in the range of the operating speed. A novel graphical methodology is described in the current paper inspired by the linear programming simplex representation.
Field enhancement and increased island array selectivity of the discontinuous MIM film diode

The receiving properties of the discontinuous metal-Insulator-metal film diode are significantly Improved by the Incorporation of the tungsten whisker antenna that enhances the Incident field strength over selected metal Island arrays for optimum conduction paths. The planar version Is also mechanically stable.
Prostatic carcinoma with signet ring cells: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 12 cases, with review of the literature

Prostatic adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell (SRC) component is a rare, incompletely characterized variant that must be distinguished from similar tumors of bladder or gastric origin. In this study, we used mucin and immunoperoxidase stains on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 12 prostatic adenocarcinomas with SRC components, with antibodies to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cytokeratins, MIB-1, bcl-2, c-MET, CD44v6, and CD44v7; we performed a comparison study on six bladder and seven gastric carcinomas with SRCs. The prostatic SRC component was always associated with the usual high-grade adenocarcinoma. Both components were positive for PSA, AE1/AE3, and CAM 5.2 (12 cases of 12) and also expressed c-MET (5 cases of 9), CD44v6 (9 of 10), and CDv7 (9 of 10). Only rare cells stained for bcl-2 (3 cases of 9). The mean MIB-1 proliferation index was 8%. Intracellular mucin was identified (periodic acid-Schiff with diastase predigestion (PAS-D) in 9 cases of 10, mucicarmine in 5 of 10, alcian blue in 6 of 10). Bladder and gastric tumors were positive for PSA (3 cases of 6 and 2 of 7, respectively), using a polyclonal antibody, and for bcl-2 (5 cases of 6, 2 of 7), c-MET (6 of 6, 6 of 7), CD44v6 (5 of 6, 6 of 7), and CD44v7 (4 of 6, 4 of 7), with mean MIB-1 proliferation indices of 15 and 35%, respectively. All were negative for cytokeratin 34 beta E12. We conclude that prostatic adenocarcinomas with SRC components are typically accompanied by high-grade adenocarcinoma; are variably positive for mucin, with PAS-D being the most sensitive stain; show expression of PSA, cytokeratins, MIB-1, bcl-2, c-MET, and CD44 similar to that shown by high-grade adenocarcinoma components; have a low MIB-1 proliferation index; and are not always distinguishable from SRC components of bladder and stomach carcinomas with any of the above stains, including PSA.
Genistein, estrogen and ICI 182,780 regulation of IGF-signaling in prostate of C57BL/6 mice

4294 Phytoestrogens have been proposed as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer and we have demonstrated that genistein in the diet can suppress spontaneously developing prostate tumors in rat and mouse models. To understand the mechanism of action of genistein in the prostate, we are comparing genistein and estrogen actions on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling in the murine prostate. To facilitate this we have chosen to use ICI 182,780 (ICI) to inhibit the estrogen receptor (ER). For our experiments, we pretreated 12 week old C57B/6 mice with 4 ug/g BW, s.c., 30 min prior to genistein (500 ug/g BW) or estradiol benzoate (50 ng/g BW) via s.c. injections. Six hours after the estrogen or genistein treatments, the mice were killed and the dorsolateral prostates were dissected for Western blot (IGF-1 receptor: IGF-1R) or ELISA (IGF-1 and IGF-Binding Protein 3: IGF-BP3) analysis. ICI significantly decreased ER expression (by 81%) in the prostate. Also, ICI significantly up-regulated IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, and significantly down regulated IGF-1R. Genistein significantly up-regulated IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, but had no significant effect on IGF-1R. Estrogen significantly down-regulated IGF-1R and up-regulated IGF-BP3, but did not significantly alter IGF-1 levels. Genistein administered 30 min after ICI significantly reversed the effect of both genistein and ICI alone on IGF-1, i.e., caused a significant decrease in IGF-1. Genistein following ICI administration was able to overcome the down-regulation of ICI on IGF-1R and overcome the up-regulation of IGF-BP3. Estrogen administered 30 min after ICI caused an additive up-regulation of IGF-1 and was able to overcome down-regulation of ICI on IGF-1R. These data point to the differential action of genistein, estrogen and ICI in the prostate and the complex regulation of the IGF-1 signaling pathway. IGF-signaling appears to occur independent of the ER. Supported by NIH ES 11743-03.
Hernia Size and Mesh Placement in Primary Umbilical Hernia Repair.

IntroductionUmbilical hernia repair (UHR) using mesh has been demonstrated to significantly reduce recurrence. However, many surgical centers still perform tissue repair for UH. In the present stud...
Growth and structural reforms: A new assessment

This paper presents a simultaneous assessment of the relationship between economic performance and three groups of economic reforms: domestic finance, trade, and the capital account. Domestic financial reforms and trade reforms are robustly associated with economic growth, but only in middle-income countries. In contrast, there is no evidence of a systematic positive relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth. Moreover, the effect of domestic financial reforms on economic growth in middle-income countries is accounted for by improvements in measured aggregate TFP growth, not by higher aggregate investment. Additional analysis suggests that sufficiently developed property rights are a precondition for reaping the benefits of financial and trade reforms. Our results are robust to endogeneity bias and a number of alternative specifications.
A Pilot Investigation of the Pediatric Nasal Microbiome.

This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that sinonasal microbiome sequencing with suctioned nasal secretions in children is technically feasible. Eighteen children were enrolled: 11 with symptoms ...
Rest in Pieces (RIP): Mutability of Gender Identity and Personhood in Pre- and Protopalatial (3000-1700 BCE) Minoan Tholos Tombs

During the Pre- and Protopalatial periods (ca. 3000-1700 BCE), the Minoans, the Bronze Age inhabitants of the Aegean island of Crete, viewed death as transitory, practicing a variety of funerary and mortuary processes involving the physical and symbolic modification of the deceased. The shift from primary burial (i.e., initial interment) to secondary burial (i.e., disarticulation, curation, and burning of the corpse) facilitated the transformation of the deceased’s gender identities and personhoods. Specifically, at tholos tombs the Minoans actively used these stages of death as opportunities to restructure gender identities and distinctions previously held in life. In this article, I will address how the funerary architecture of the tholos tombs and the secondary stages of death reveal the mutability, or fluidity, of gender identities and personhoods in Minoan death. Using feminist theories, I will argue that the Minoans viewed gender as mutable in death; the function and value of certain gender identities was largely dependent on the mourner’s relationships to the deceased, and the spatial and temporal context of the tholos tomb mortuary landscape.
Predicting Dysphoria and Relationship Adjustment: Gender Differences in Their Longitudinal Relationship.

Gender differences were explored in the longitudinal association between relationship satisfaction and dysphoria in 145 dating college students attending a large public university. Of the participants, 80% were Caucasian, 14% were African American, 3% were Asian, and 3% represented other racial/ethnic groups. Based upon a previous longitudinal investigation (F. D. Fincham, S. R. H. Beach, G. T. Harold, & L. N. Osborne, 1997) and recent theoretical explanations for the gender difference in depression, it was hypothesized that initial relationship satisfaction would predict later dysphoria in women but not in men. Conversely, it was predicted that initial dysphoria would be predictive of later relationship satisfaction for men but not women. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analyses in which initial levels of the predicted variables were controlled. Whereas results supported the first hypothesis, initial dysphoria was predictive of later relationship adjustment for both men and women.
Computerized practitioner order entry over the last decade: progress and unsolved problems

Over the last decade, CPOE has become more common but remains limited to a minority of U.S. hospitals and clinics. Most organisations with CPOE now are using commercially developed CPOE systems, using vendors with more experience with larger numbers of customer sites. The software itself is more mature, no longer regarded as experimental, and is often accompanied by commercial offerings for order set content, development tools, and content maintenance contracts. Physicians no longer regard CPOE as unusual, particularly those who have recently completed training in an academic medical centre. CPOE user interfaces are remarkably similar between vendors, and have not dramatically departed from metaphors and screen designs used in early CPOE systems. They require hours or days of training before practitioners begin using them for patient care, and differ sufficiently between vendor so that practitioners must sometimes be trained separately on several systems if they practice in several hospitals. We know surprisingly little about how to best use the CPOE tool to modify practitioner behaviour using decision support tools. CPOE then, is no longer new, but in need of renewal. Clever ideas and breakthroughs are overdue. Clinical, safety, and financial benefits can be achieved with CPOE (despite evidence they can also harm), but it is likely that much more benefit awaits us in the decade to come.
Life goals in patients with cancer: a systematic review of the literature

Objective Purposes of this systematic review of life goal research in cancer patients were to (1) identify life goal characteristics and processes being examined, (2) describe instruments used to assess life goal constructs, (3) identify theoretical models being used to guide research, and (4) summarize what is known about the impact of the cancer experience on life goal characteristics, processes, and psychological outcomes. Methods We conducted this systematic review using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published between 1993 and 2014, (2) English language, (3) cancer patient population, and (4) original research articles that assessed life goal characteristics and/or goal processes. One hundred ninety-seven articles were screened and 27 included in the final review. Results Seven life goal characteristics and seven life goal processes were identified, and less than half of studies investigated associations between goal characteristics and processes. Conceptual definitions were not provided for about half of the identified life goal constructs. Studies used both validated and author-developed instruments to assess goal constructs. Twenty-four different theoretical models were identified, with self-regulation theory most frequently cited. Overall, the literature suggests that cancer impacts patients' life goal characteristics and processes, and life goal disturbance is related to poorer psychological outcomes. Conclusions The impact of the cancer experience on life goals is an important and emerging area of research that would benefit from conceptual and theoretical clarity and measurement consistency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postweaning performance and carcass merit of F1 steers sired by Brahman and alternative subtropically adapted breeds

Comparisons were made among F1 steers sired by Brahman and alternative subtropically adapted breeds of bulls for feedlot and carcass traits when steers were produced from Angus- and Hereford-type dams. Brahman-derivative breeds included Brangus, Beefmaster, and Santa Gertrudis. Brangus- and Beefmaster-sired steers weighed less at slaughter, whereas carcasses of Brangus- and Santa Gertrudis-sired steers had more marbling than those of Brahman-sired steers. Brahman-sired steer carcasses had greater longissimus muscle area than carcasses of Santa Gertrudis-sired steers. Other Zebu breeds compared to Brahman were Boran, Gir, Indu-Brazil, Nellore, Red Brahman, and Sahiwal. Steers by Brahman sires had higher slaughter weights than steers by Boran, Gir, Nellore, or Sahiwal sires. Hot carcass weights of Brahman-sired steers were also higher than those of Boran- and Sahiwal-sired steers. Steer carcasses by Brahman sires had greater longissimus muscle area than those of steers by Sahiwal sires. Non-Zebu breeds included Tuli and Senepol. Steers by Tuli sires grew slower, had lower slaughter weights, and their carcasses weighed less than those of Brahman-sired steers. Brahman-sired steer carcasses had greater longissimus muscle area but less marbling than carcasses of Tuli-sired steers. These data suggest that steers by Brahman sires have an advantage for slaughter weight over steers by Brangus, Beefmaster, Boran, Gir, Nellore, Sahiwal, and Tuli sires, but their carcasses are at a disadvantage for marbling score compared with those by Brangus, Boran, Nellore, and Tuli sires.
Removal of the split thickness skin graft from the skin paddle of the donor site: A single institution’s experience

Abstract Purpose Radial forearm free flaps (RFFFs) and fibular osteocutaneous flaps (FOFs) are mainstays of head and neck reconstruction. Removal of the donor tissue often leaves a soft tissue defect requiring a split thickness skin graft (STSG) for coverage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential to reduce the morbidity of removal of the STSG from a second site. Materials and methods We report a series of 9 patients who had the STSG taken from the free flap donor skin paddle as an alternative to removal from the standard distant sight. Results 9/9 (100%) flaps were successfully transferred with no primary or secondary loss of the flap. 8/9 (89%) of STSGs were successfully harvested from the donor skin paddle. Postoperative complications included infection and partial STSG loss (2/9, 22%). Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility and reduced morbidity associated with removal of the STSG from the donor flap skin paddle in addition to the placement of a de-epithelialized free flap in head and neck reconstruction patients. Given this research, which supports the previously published research on this topic, this technique could be considered in an effort to reduce morbidity in patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction using the RFFF and FOF.
Alcestis and Hercules in the catacomb of via Latina

Dans le cubiculum N de la catacombe de la Via Latina, de nombreux dessins figurent l'histoire d'Alceste et celle des travaux d'Hercule. Ces deux episodes ont largement ete utilises dans les monuments funeraires paiens. Pour l'A., il s'agit de savoir si les occupants de la chambre N sont des chretiens ou des paiens. A cette fin, il est necessaire de distinguer entre les roles du patron qui commande la decoration de sa chambre funeraire et l'artiste qui execute la decoration. Il est probable que la patron tolere l'ambiance judeo-chretienne de la chambre alors que l'artiste ne semble pas dedaigner les themes paiens
Dorsal thalamic lesion in a noted case of human memory dysfunction

The extensively studies patient N. A. has had a severe verbal memory deficit since 1960, when he sustained a stab wound to the brain with a miniature fencing foil. His amnesia occurs in the absence of any other know cognitive defect. Recent CT scans have localized a lesion in the left dorsal thalamus of this patient in a position corresponding to the dorsomedial nucleus; there is no radiographic evidence of other damage in the diencephalon or cerebral cortex. The dorsomedial thalamus may be critical in the neuropathology of diencephalic amnesia and, in humans, may be required for normal functions.
Removal of Propylene and Butylene as Individual Compounds with Compost and Wood Chip Biofilters

ABSTRACT Propylene and butylene are highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) in terms of ground-level ozone formation. This study examined the effectiveness of biofiltration in removing propylene and butylene as separate compounds. Specific objectives were (1) to measure maximum removal efficiencies for propylene and butylene and the corresponding microbial acclimation times, which will be useful in the design of future biofilters for removal of these compounds; (2) to compare removal efficiencies of propylene and butylene for different ratios of compost/hard wood-chip media; and (3) to identify the microorganisms responsible for propylene and butylene degradation. Two laboratory-scale polyvinyl chloride biofilter columns were filled with 28 in. of biofilter media (compost/wood-chip mixtures of 80:20 and 50:50 ratios). Close to 100% removal efficiency was obtained for propylene for inlet concentrations ranging from 2.9 × 104 to 6.3 × 104 parts per million (ppm) (232–602 g/m3-hr) and for butylen...
Bcl-2 Antibodies Induce Hemoglobin Release by Red Blood Cells Loaded with in Vitro Translated Bcl-2 and Its Cleaved Fragment1

Apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitor in human THP-1 leukemia cells is associated with the cleavage of Bcl-2 into a shortened fragment, Bcl-2/Delta34. Both Bcl-2 and its cleaved fragment were located exclusively on the mitochondria of THP-1 cells. No translocation of Bcl-2 or Bcl-2/Delta34 to the cytosolic fraction was detected during apoptosis. Treatment of isolated mitochondria with recombinant caspase-3 induced the same cleavage of Bcl-2 in vitro and triggered the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. The ability of Bcl-2/Delta34 in regulating the opening of membrane "pores" was investigated using a sheep red blood cell (RBC) model with in vitro translated Bcl-2/Delta34 and Bcl-2 proteins. Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Delta34 generated in vitro were relocated rapidly to sheep RBC but caused no hemoglobin release in either case. Addition of anti-Bcl-2 antibodies directly to the RBC that had been loaded with either Bcl-2 or Bcl-2/Delta34 resulted in a rapid release of hemoglobin from the blood cells. Treatment of the sheep RBC with anti-Bcl-2 or anti-sheep RBC antibodies alone did not trigger hemoglobin release from the RBC. Based on these findings, we proposed that, upon "enforced aggregation," both Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Delta34 can form "pores" in membranes, which may contribute to the release of cytochrome c in apoptosis.
Myocardial metabolic, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic significance of reversible thallium-201 abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUNDExercise-induced abnormalities during thallium-201 scintigraphy that normalize at rest frequently occur in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, it is not known whether these abnormalities are indicative of myocardial ischemia.METHODS AND RESULTSFifty patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent exercise 201Tl scintigraphy and, during the same week, measurement of myocardial lactate metabolism and hemodynamics during pacing stress. Thirty-seven patients (74%) had one or more 201Tl abnormalities that completely normalized after 3 hours of rest; 26 had regional myocardial 201Tl defects, and 26 had apparent left ventricular cavity dilatation with exercise, with 15 having coexistence of these abnormal findings. Of the 37 patients with reversible 201Tl abnormalities, 27 (73%) had metabolic evidence of myocardial ischemia during rapid atrial pacing (myocardial lactate extraction of 0 mmol/l or less) compared with four of 13 patients (31%) with normal 201Tl scans (p less than 0.01)...
Characterization of leukotrienes in a pilot study of older asthma subjects

Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are important in asthma leading to its characteristic features of airway bronchoconstriction, wheezing, increased mucus secretion and decreased mucociliary clearance. Aging results in changes in immune function and we have previously demonstrated age-related differences in levels of neutrophil elastase, MMP-9, and IL-8 in asthma subjects. We sought to determine whether leukotriene levels differed between young and older asthmatics.