cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the probability of labor force participation of the AFDC population-at-risk

In summary, the functional form makes quite a difference. An investigator should be quite wary of making generalizations based on any single specification or estimation technique. However, the above results have shown in striking fashion the superiority of MLE of the sigmoid specifications over the OLS estimation of the linear probability specification. Although the logistic or urban specification require iterative solution, this is no barrier on a modern digital computer, with appropriate special algorithms. A further advantage of the MLE is the asymptotic normality of the estimates of ϑ i which permits large sample interval estimation, and the iteration method of scoring employed yields directly an estimate of the standard deviation of each normally distributed ϑ i . Also standard tests of significance are now applicable.
Transatlantic trade and monetary relations: The nature and limits of conflict

(2002). Transatlantic trade and monetary relations: The nature and limits of conflict. The International Spectator: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 7-18.
The Organizational Practice of Gendered Employment: Disparate Impact and Gender Segregation in the Japanese Entry-Level Labor Market

Abstract This article discusses the supposedly “gender-neutral” Japanese organizational hiring practice of using a track-based employment system. In this system, prospective employees are required to accept nationwide transfers in residence to obtain career-track positions. Women have difficulty fulfilling this requirement because of cultural expectations to settle down and tend to domestic affairs (day care is often hard to access). Using job placement data on graduates from a Japanese university, I found that women are more likely to be hired into firms without this track system, where they are mostly hired for non-career-track positions. Therefore, seemingly gender-neutral bureaucratic rules actually disparately affect women, maintaining gender inequality in the corporate-centered economy of Japan.
Mutation of Asn28 disrupts the dimerization and enzymatic activity of SARS 3CLpro

Coronaviruses are responsible for a significant proportion of annual respiratory and enteric infections in humans and other mammals. The most prominent of these viruses is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) which causes acute respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in humans. The coronavirus main protease, 3CL(pro), is a key target for broad-spectrum antiviral development because of its critical role in viral maturation and high degree of structural conservation among coronaviruses. Dimerization is an indispensable requirement for the function of SARS 3CL(pro) and is regulated through mechanisms involving both direct and long-range interactions in the enzyme. While many of the binding interactions at the dimerization interface have been extensively studied, those that are important for long-range control are not well-understood. Characterization of these dimerization mechanisms is important for the structure-based design of new treatments targeting coronavirus-based infections. Here we report that Asn28, a residue 11 A from the closest residue in the opposing monomer, is essential for the enzymatic activity and dimerization of SARS 3CL(pro). Mutation of this residue to alanine almost completely inactivates the enzyme and results in a 19.2-fold decrease in the dimerization K(d). The crystallographic structure of the N28A mutant determined at 2.35 A resolution reveals the critical role of Asn28 in maintaining the structural integrity of the active site and in orienting key residues involved in binding at the dimer interface and substrate catalysis. These findings provide deeper insight into complex mechanisms regulating the activity and dimerization of SARS 3CL(pro).
Preferred and Minimum Acceptable Listening Levels for Musicians While Using Floor and In-Ear Monitors

Purpose This study examined the impact that changing on-stage music and crowd noise levels during musical performance had on preferred listening levels (PLLs) and minimum acceptable listening level...
Two forms of Xenopus nuclear factor 7 have overlapping spatial but different temporal patterns of expression during development

Abstract Xenopus nuclear factor 7 (xnf7) is a maternal gene product that functions in the determination of the dorsal-ventral body axis. We have cloned two xnf7 cDNAs, xnf7-O and xnf7-B, that have a different temporal pattern of expression. The cDNAs differ by 39 amino acid residues scattered throughout the molecule. Most of the changes were conservative in nature. Using gene specific probes we found that xnf7-O transcripts were abundant in oocytes and decreased until the neurula stage, after which they increased in abundance. Xnf7-B transcripts were in low abundance in oocytes and were expressed at high levels at the neurula stage and in adult brain. Both xnf7-O and xnf7-B transcripts at the neurula stage were localized in the dorsal region of the embryo, including the neural folds and somites. Xnf7 was not expressed in ventralized embryos that lacked dorsal structures, thereby substantiating its dorsal localization in the embryo. The promoter region of the xnf7-O gene does not possess a TATA ☐ but does contain E2F, USF, Sp1-like and AP1 binding sites within the first 421 bp from the transcription initiation site. A 62 bp fragment of the xnf7-O promoter containing the Sp1-like and E2F sites can direct proper spatial expression of a transgene in embryos.
Response functions of organic scintillators to high energy neutrons

Abstract Two cylindrical liquid scintillators of dimensions 5 cm × 5 cm and 12.5 cm × 12.5 cm, filled with NE213, were calibrated with high energy neutrons from E n = 3 MeV to E n = 75 MeV at the time-of-flight facility associated with the Michigan State University Cyclotron. Pulse shape discrimination was used on each detector to separate the protons and alphas produced by neutron interactions from the electrons produced by gamma rays. Response functions for monoenergetic neutrons from about 2 MeV to 75 MeV have been determined. These response functions are very different from the calculated response using the Monte Carlo method. The implications of these calibrations for measurements on high energy neutrons using liquid scintillators are discussed.
MATERNAL LIFESTYLES STUDY (MLS): Caretaking environment and stability of substanceexposed infants at one-month corrected age. † 1620

Little data exists on the environment of infants exposed to in utero drugs. The purpose of this report is to describe the environment of two birth cohorts: cocaine/opiate exposed infants (EXP, n = 632) and a group-matched comparison cohort (COM, n = 723) at 1-mo corrected age (CA). The data were collected at four sites (Brown U, U Miami, U Tennessee Memphis, Wayne State U) by certified interviewers. 78% of EXP mothers and 76% of COM mothers were black; 85% of EXP and 73% of COM mothers were on Medicaid. Overall 8% of mothers had returned to work (5% EXP vs 11% COM) and 12% of all infants had moved since discharge (14% exposed vs 10% COM). More EXP than COM infants had been reported to Child Protective Services (43 vs 1%); CPS referral for drug exposure was required by law at 2 sites. By 1 mo, of 111 EXP infants not discharged to a biologic mother, 14% had been returned to the mother, 32% went to other relatives, and 41% were in non-relative foster care. Living arrangements of the infants at 1 mo were as follows:Table
Home Fires in America: Progress and Opportunities

Fires are the third leading cause of unintentional home injury deaths. Young children and older adults are especially at risk for home fire deaths. Other high-risk groups include males, people with physical disabilities, people impaired by alcohol or other drugs, and people living in rural communities or in poverty. Lifestyle decisions (eg, choosing products) and behaviors (eg, maintaining working smoke alarms or smoking) can influence the risk of being in and surviving a home fire. Fortunately, medical practitioners can foster safer home environments for their patients by promoting effective fire prevention and protection strategies to reduce home fire risks. This review highlights the association between lifestyle and home fires with a focus on achievable lifestyle changes that can prevent fires and fire-related injuries and deaths.
Import of plasmid DNA into the nucleus is sequence specific

Nuclear import of plasmid DNA in nondividing cells is a process essential to the success of numerous viral life cycles, gene therapy protocols, and gene expression experiments. Here, intact protein-free SV40 DNA was cytoplasmically injected into cells and its subcellular localization was followed by in situ hybridization. SV40 DNA localized to the nucleus consistent with a mechanism of transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC): import was inhibited by the addition of the NPC-inhibitory agents wheat germ agglutinin and an anti-nucleoporin antibody as well as by energy depletion. DNA transport appeared to be a multistep process with the DNA accumulating at the nuclear periphery before its import. Most importantly, nuclear import was sequence specific: a region of SV40 DNA containing the origin of replication and the early and late promoters supported import, whereas bacterial sequences alone and other SV40-derived sequences did not. The majority of the imported DNA colocalized with the SC-35 splicing complex antigen, suggesting that the intranuclear DNA localizes to areas of transcription or message processing. This link to transcription was strengthened by the finding that inhibition of transcription blocked DNA import but not protein nuclear import. Taken together, these results support a model in which plasmid DNA nuclear import occurs by a mechanism similar to that used by nuclear localization signal-containing proteins but is also dependent on transcription.
Narcotic addiction in two Asian cultures: A comparison and analysis

Abstract Our current knowledge regarding the effects of open access to narcotic drugs is limited. This study was undertaken to clarify issues regarding availability of these drugs. Two ethnic groups in Laos were compared: the Hmong (or Meo), a tribal group with access to opium in their homes; and the Lao, a peasant people with more limited access, usually in opium dens. Of 15 demographic and clinical variables studied, 10 showed significant differences between the two cultures. Eight of these 10 could be readily accounted for by differences in drug availability. Only two differences could be ascribed to socio-ecologic factors not related to drug availability. Similarities between the two groups appeared due to (1) pharmacologic effects of narcotic addiction and (2) low social opprobrium toward addiction in both cultures. In this study, open availability of narcotic drugs appeared to favor the following: a greater proportion of female addicts; younger age of opiate usage and addiction; use of the more intoxicating route of administration; earlier onset of problems related to addiction; and shorter duration of addiction before seeking treatment.
Pulmonary hypersensitivity to Alternaria and Aspergillus in baker's asthma

Summary In two cases of baker's asthma pulmonary hypersensitivity was found to the fungi Alternaria and Aspergillus. Provocative bronchial challenge revealed a dual response; an immediate and an Arthus type hypersensitivity to Aspergillus in the first case. A primary binding assay revealed high titres of anti-Aspergillus antibody in the serum. In the second case intradermal and bronchial challenge suggested an immediate type I hypersensitivity response to Alternaria. The suspected organisms were present in the room air of the bakeries. It is suggested that an immunological response to these airborne fungi may have contributed to the pathogenesis of baker's asthma.
Metabolic dependence of active sulfate transport in Aplysia californica intestine

Abstract 1. 1. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current of intestinal sheets of Aplysia californica were stable up to 5 hr in a sodium sulfate sea-water medium. 2. 2. Transmural potential difference was serosa negative relative to the mucosa and the short-circuit current was consistent with a net active anion transport from mucosa to serosa. 3. 3. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current were dependent upon the presence of sodium in the bathing medium. 4. 4. Transmural potential difference and short-circuit current were predominantly dependent upon aerobic metabolism; however, a small electrical component was dependent upon energy derived from glycolysis. 5. 5. The major portion of the short-circuit current was carried by a net active sulfate transfer from mucosa to serosa.
Mitochondrial RNA editing in trypanosomes: small RNAs in control

Mitochondrial mRNA editing in trypanosomes is a posttranscriptional processing pathway thereby uridine residues (Us) are inserted into, or deleted from, messenger RNA precursors. By correcting frameshifts, introducing start and stop codons, and often adding most of the coding sequence, editing restores open reading frames for mitochondrially-encoded mRNAs. There can be hundreds of editing events in a single pre-mRNA, typically spaced by few nucleotides, with U-insertions outnumbering U-deletions by approximately 10-fold. The mitochondrial genome is composed of ∼50 maxicircles and thousands of minicircles. Catenated maxi- and minicircles are packed into a dense structure called the kinetoplast; maxicircles yield rRNA and mRNA precursors while guide RNAs (gRNAs) are produced predominantly from minicircles, although varying numbers of maxicircle-encoded gRNAs have been identified in kinetoplastids species. Guide RNAs specify positions and the numbers of inserted or deleted Us by hybridizing to pre-mRNA and forming series of mismatches. These 50-60 nucleotide (nt) molecules are 3' uridylated by RET1 TUTase and stabilized via association with the gRNA binding complex (GRBC). Editing reactions of mRNA cleavage, U-insertion or deletion, and ligation are catalyzed by the RNA editing core complex (RECC). To function in mitochondrial translation, pre-mRNAs must further undergo post-editing 3' modification by polyadenylation/uridylation. Recent studies revealed a highly compound nature of mRNA editing and polyadenylation complexes and their interactions with the translational machinery. Here we focus on mechanisms of RNA editing and its functional coupling with pre- and post-editing 3' mRNA modification and gRNA maturation pathways.
Texture processing of YBa2Cu3O7−x by Joule heat zone melting

Abstract Joule heat zone melting has been used to produce texture in YBa2Cu3O7−x polycrystalline bars. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the zone melted bars consist of tetragonal YBa2Cu3O7−x, BaCuO2, and CuO. A 900°C homogenization and 600°C anneal in oxygen are found to produce a nominally single phase structure of orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x. SEM examination shows a platelet morphology is produced.
Molecular Strategies for Interrupting Arthropod-Borne Virus Transmission by Mosquitoes

Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections cause a number of emerging and resurgent human and veterinary infectious diseases. Traditional means of controlling arbovirus diseases include vaccination of susceptible vertebrates and mosquito control, but in many cases these have been unavailable or ineffective, and so novel strategies for disease control are needed. One possibility is genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors to render them unable to transmit arboviruses. This review describes recent work to test the concept of pathogen-derived resistance in arthropods by expression of viral genes in mosquito cell cultures and mosquitoes. Sense and antisense genome sequences from La Crosse virus (LAC) (a member of the Bunyaviridae) and dengue viruses serotypes 1 to 4 (DEN-1 to DEN-4) (members of the Flaviviridae) were expressed in mosquito cells from double-subgenomic and replicon vectors based on Sindbis virus (a member of the Togaviridae). The cells were then challenged with homologous or related viruses. For LAC, expression of antisense sequences from the small (S) genome segment, particularly full-length antisense S RNA, effectively interfered with replication of challenge virus, whereas expression of either antisense or sense RNA from the medium (M) segment was completely ineffective in LAC inhibition. Expression of sense and antisense RNA derived from certain regions of the DEN genome also blocked homologous virus replication more effectively than did RNA from other regions. Other parameters of RNA-mediated interference have been defined, such as the time when replication is blocked and the minimum size of effector RNA. The mechanism of RNA inhibition has not been determined, although it resembles double-stranded RNA interference in other nonvertebrate systems. Prospects for application of molecular strategies to control arbovirus diseases are briefly reviewed.
Pretreatment Levels of Soluble Cellular Receptors and Interleukin-6 Are Associated with HIV Disease Progression in Subjects Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background To identify inflammatory pathways that may contribute to HIV disease pathogenesis, we explored associations between AIDS or death with different inflammatory markers, including selected soluble tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors and ligands, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD8 T cell activation, in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated individuals.
Type I IFN Receptor and the B Cell Antigen Receptor Regulate TLR7 Responses via Distinct Molecular Mechanisms

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signals to B cells are critically involved in the innate immune response to microbes, as well as pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but the molecular mechanisms that normally regulate these responses are incompletely understood. We previously reported that repeated stimulation through TLR7 induces a state of hyporesponsiveness (TLR tolerance) in both human and mouse B cells, characterized by marked inhibition of particular signaling pathways. BCR signals prevent and overcome TLR7 tolerance. Because optimal responses to TLR7 in B cells require type I IFN, we investigated whether BCR-mediated effects on TLR7 tolerance are mediated by type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) signals. Surprisingly, although BCR-mediated reversal of TLR7 tolerance was IFNAR independent, IFNAR signals alone also blocked TLR7 tolerance, despite enhancing TLR7 expression. Both BCR and IFNAR signals restored the phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator c-Jun, but only BCR signals blocked the tolerance-mediated inhibition of JNK. Both BCR and IFNAR-mediated regulation was dependent on activation of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, indicating a central role for this axis in integrating TLR7, BCR, and IFNAR signals in B cells. These new findings reveal distinct and overlapping signaling mechanisms used by BCR and IFNAR in the regulation of TLR7 tolerance and activation.
Preoperative Assessment: The Role of Ambulatory Electrocardiography, Imaging Techniques, and Cardiac Catheterization

REVENTING PERIOPERATIVE cardiac P morbidity is a major clinical challenge facing all clinicians caring for adult surgical patients. It remains the leading cause of both early and late postoperative mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery, and is a potentially catastrophic complication when it follows “minor” or “routine” general surgical procedures such as a cholecystectomy.’ As the demographic profile of the population shifts to an increasing proportion of elderly individuals, with recent estimates projecting a 162% increase in the over-65 age group from 25 million in 1980 to 66 million by 2055, it will remain a problem for many years to come.233 Traditionally, internists, cardiologists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists have followed the axiom that “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,” vigorously seeking to identify preoperative risk factors in patients undergoing elective surgery. This common-sense approach remains prudent, although recently, intraoperative and postoperative factors have been emphasized as critical components of the “risk factor equation.“4 Historically, identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its pathophysiological manifestations, especially previous myocardial infarction (MI), has been the primary goal of preoperative evaluation. However, once a particular manifestation of CAD has been identified, the clinician must be prepared to “do something with the data.” Based on the general lack of knowledge of the primary pathophysiological factors responsible for postoperative infarction, this is not an easy task.
Multi-attribute supply chain negotiation: coordinating reverse auctions subject to finite capacity considerations

Over the past few years, reverse auctions have attracted a lot of attention in the AI community. They offer the prospect of more efficiently matching suppliers and producers in the face of changing market conditions. Prior research has generally ignored the temporal and finite capacity constraints under which reverse auctioneers typically operate. In this paper, we consider the problem faced by a reverse auctioneer (e.g. a manufacturer) that can procure key components or services from a number of possible suppliers through multi-attribute reverse auctions. Bids submitted by prospective suppliers include a price and a delivery date. The reverse auctioneer has to select a combination of supplier bids that will maximize its overall profit, taking into account its own finite capacity and the prices and delivery dates offered by different suppliers for the same components/services. The auctioneer's profit is determined by the revenue generated by the products it sells, the costs of the components/services it purchases as well as late delivery penalties it incurs if it fails to deliver products/services in time to its own customers. We provide a formal model of this important class of problems, discuss its complexity and introduce rules that can be used to efficiently prune the resulting search space. We also introduce a branch-and-bound algorithm and an efficient heuristic search procedure for this class of problems. Empirical results show that our heuristic procedure typically yields solutions that are within 10 percent of the optimum. They also indicate that taking into account finite capacity considerations can significantly improve the reverse auctioneer's bottom line.
Extended Producer Responsibility and Secondary Markets

We analyze the effect of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)-based take-back legislation on a durable good producer's secondary market strategy. We show that the effect of EPR and its associated environmental implications depend on product durability. In the absence of EPR, a producer chooses not to interfere with the secondary market for products with high durability. In this case, EPR provides producers with an incentive to interfere with the secondary market by recovering and prematurely recycling used products to meet EPR obligations. For low durability products, a producer readily interferes with the secondary market even in the absence of EPR, and the effect of EPR depends on its implementation parameters. We find that EPR increases the producer's secondary market interference when it imposes a high collection target and a low recycling standard. In contrast, EPR reduces secondary market interference when it imposes a low collection target or a sufficiently stringent recycling standard. These results, in turn, imply that EPR-based take-back legislation may have unintended consequences in a durable goods setting: It may diminish environmental goals such as reducing new production and increasing reuse levels, two key environmental goals with higher priority than increasing recycling. Our results offer insights for how the environmental benefits of EPR for durable products can be improved or the potential adverse effects can be overcome by appropriately choosing the implementation parameters.
A high level Petri net model of olfactory bulb

A class of Petri nets (PNs), high level Petri nets (HPNs), are powerful and versatile tools for modeling, simulating, analyzing, designing and controlling complex asynchronous concurrent systems. An initial attempt is made to model biological neural networks (BNNs) with HPNs, since the interactions among neurons is basically asynchronous concurrent in nature. Even though there are many types of HPNs reported in literature, none have the constructs to model BNNs. Hence, a new class of HPNs is proposed. With this aim the analogies between BNNs and HPNs are explored. The detailed procedure of Petri net (PN) modeling is elucidated by modeling the mammalian olfactory bulb. >
In Caesar's Shadow: The Life of General Robert Eichelberger

The Origins of a Military Career The Formation of a Personality Siberia: A Personality Emerges Paths to Promotion Preparation for Wartime Command Buna, the "Pyrrhic" Victory Struggles from the Sidelines Hollandia and Biak Competition in the Philippines Victory and Disappointment in the Southern Philippines The Military Occupation of Japan Turmoil in the Retirement Years Conclusions Bibliography
Perspectives on Decision Making About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among 11- to 12-Year-Old Girls and Their Mothers

Introduction. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore (a) the factors influencing mothers' decisions to vaccinate 11- to 12-year-old daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV) and (b) the mothers' and daughters' perspectives about HPV vaccine-related decision making. Methods. Participants were girls (N = 33) who had received an HPV vaccine and their mothers (N = 32), recruited from suburban and urban pediatric practices. Semistructured interviews were conducted with girls and mothers separately, and data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results. The primary factors influencing mothers' decisions to vaccinate daughters against HPV were (a) mother's beliefs and experiences; (b) interactions with clinicians, friends, and family members; and (c) exposure to media reports/marketing. Most daughters believed the decision to be vaccinated was a mutual one, although most mothers believed the decision was theirs. Conclusions. This study provides novel insights into perspectives on decision making about HPV vaccination among mothers and 11- to12-year-old daughters, which can be used in interventions to improve vaccination rates.
Physiological Roles of Pneumococcal Peptidases

A methionyl-specific dipeptidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae has been described. This enzyme and the pneumococcal tripeptidase have been shown to be intracellular, soluble, and constitutive. In addition to their function in cleavage of peptide nutrients, these peptidases may play a role in protein synthesis and turnover.
Cyclophilin D deficiency protects against acetaminophen-induced oxidant stress and liver injury.

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is the main cause of acute liver failure in humans. Although mitochondrial oxidant stress and induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) have been implicated in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the link between these events is unclear. To investigate this, this study evaluated APAP hepatotoxicity in mice deficient of cyclophilin D, a protein component of the MPT. Treatment of wild type mice with APAP resulted in focal centrilobular necrosis, nuclear DNA fragmentation and formation of reactive oxygen (elevated glutathione disulphide levels) and peroxynitrite (nitrotyrosine immunostaining) in the liver. CypD-deficient (Ppif−/−) mice were completely protected against APAP-induced liver injury and DNA fragmentation. Oxidant stress and peroxynitrite formation were blunted but not eliminated in CypD-deficient mice. Thus, mitochondrial oxidative stress and induction of the MPT are critical events in APAP hepatotoxicity in vivo and at least part of the APA...
Role of band 3 in regulating metabolic flux of red blood cells

Deoxygenation elevates glycolytic flux and lowers pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity in mammalian erythrocytes. The membrane anion transport protein (band 3 or AE1) is thought to facilitate this process by binding glycolytic enzymes (GEs) and inhibiting their activity in an oxygen-dependent manner. However, this regulatory mechanism has not been demonstrated under physiological conditions. In this study, we introduce a 1H-13C NMR technique for measuring metabolic fluxes in intact cells. The role of band 3 in mediating the oxygenated/deoxygenated metabolic transition was examined by treating cells with pervanadate, a reagent that prevents the GE–band 3 complex from forming. We report that pervanadate suppresses oxygen-dependent changes in glycolytic and PPP fluxes. Moreover, these metabolic alterations were not attributable to modulation of bisphosphoglycerate mutase, direct inhibition of GEs by pervanadate, or oxidation, which are the major side effects of pervanadate treatment. These data provide direct evidence supporting the role of band 3 in mediating oxygen-regulated metabolic transitions.
ABSORPTION OF O2, CO2 AND CS2 ; FLUORESCENCE PROM CS2 ; AND PHOTOIONIZATION OF ATOMIC CARBON

Examples on new researches dealing with various phases of the interaction of radiation (hν = 6 to 60 eV or 2 000 to 200 A) with atoms and molecules will be presented. Areas of interest by one of us (M. O.) concern themselves with some accurately determined absorption cross sections of O2 and CO2 in the near Schumann region, some measurements of absorption cross sections starting from the metastable 1 Ɗg state of O2, and some examples of molecular spectroscopie analysis of CS2 leading to a number of new Rydberg series. New results (by D. L. J.) will also be presented on the fluorescence, characteristic of transitions from excited states of CS+2. These CS+2 states are formed by bombardment with a monochromatic vaccuum U. V. photon beam. The wavelength analysis of these fluorescence results will be shown to contribute additional information on the CS2 molecule. Finally, methods will be presented for measuring in the vacuum U. V. (by G. L. W.) f-values of lines, such as the Lyman series of atomic hydrogen, and absorption (photoionization) cross sections of atomic carbon, using the plasma properties of a wall-stabilized arc.
The Marginal Body

According to Gurwitsch, the body is at least at the margin of consciousness. If all components of the field of consciousness were experienced as equally salient, we would indeed not be able to think and behave appropriately. Though the body may become the focus of our conscious field when we are introspectively aware of it, it remains most of the time only at the background of consciousness. However, we may wonder if bodily states do really need to be conscious, even at the margin, or cannot be simply non-conscious. Action control requires permanent proprioceptive and visual feedback about the state and the position of our body parts. Experimental data show that action monitoring operates at a nonconscious level and we may similarly suggest that we have a continuous unconscious access to bodily information. In this chapter, I thus intend to describe the various levels of body representations with the help of Gurwitsch's distinction. I will investigate the properties and the function of each of these levels.
Research on Hindu Women’s Renunciation Today: State of the Field

This essay traces the recent development of field-based research on contemporary women’s renunciation and points to fruitful areas for further work. While women renouncers have probably existed in small numbers since the ancient period in South Asia, there is little concrete information about their lives. Given the importance of marriage in the region, a woman’s rejection of domestic life is likely to arouse opposition from family and society. Given the representation of women as a threat to celibate men, ascetic women cannot assume support from male peers either. Until recently, they have been invisible in both public life and scholarship. Since the 1980s, however, women renouncers and gurus have increased in both number and visibility in the region and worldwide, as has research on the topic. This essay outlines the broader context of renunciation in South Asian religious traditions and then focuses on Hindu asceticism. Starting in the 1980s research on women’s renunciation was published and began to disrupt conventional paradigms for understanding Hindu renunciation. Despite the increase in excellent work on the subject in the last two decades, this survey suggests that future research is needed to address the statistical reality of women’s renunciation, the role of caste and other inequalities, ascetic masculinities, and transnational processes.
A regenerative comparator structure with integrated inductors

We employ on-chip inductors to improve the sampling speed and power consumption of regenerative comparators. Since these inductors are far smaller than those used in typical RF designs, the addition of inductors has little impact on area. Simulations based on accurate inductor models indicate more than a doubling of comparator sampling speed for a given power consumption, or a halving in power consumption for a given sampling speed. We present a detailed analysis of the new scheme. The technique is verified with test measurements of 16 comparators, implemented in 0.18-mum digital CMOS, sampling at 3.84 GHz
Studies with digitonin‐treated rat hepatocytes (nude cells)

Isolated rat hepatocytes were treated with digitonin to strip the plasma membrane. The effect of digitonin concentration and exposure time on the recovery of marker enzymes for cell organelles was examined. Hepatocytes treated at room temperature for 1–2 min with 1 mg/ml of digitonin lose some 40% of their protein but retain over 95% of their intact mitochondria and peroxisomes, 90–95% of their endoplasmic reticulum, and about 80% of their lysosomal enzymes. There is little loss of the mitochondrial intermembrane content, and both oxygen uptake and phosphorylation are unimpaired by the treatment. Electron microscopy reveals a complete loss of the plasma membrane, in spite of limited loss of marker enzymes for this membrane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the interior of the cells to be made up of a dense network of fibers and lamellae attached to the nucleus, mitochondria, and small organelles. The treated cells were stable for many hours when kept in 0.25 M sucrose containing 25 mM monovalent salts. In salt-free sucrose the cells broke up very rapidly into nuclei and other single organelles. Addition of 5 mM NaCl or KCl retards breakup, and 15–20 min were required for dissolution. Intermediate stages, illustrated by scanning electron micrographs, show structure and chains made up mainly of mitochondria held together by a lamellar network. The rapid breakdown occurred at a pH above 7.5 in an oxygen atmosphere and in the presence of phosphate and apparently is an energy-requiring process. It is slow below a pH of 7.2, and at a pH of 6.8 the treated cells remain completely stable in salt-free sucrose. Our results suggest that endoplastic reticulum is a major component of the cytostructure holding together nuclei and organelles.
Surface temperature measurements on burning wood specimens in the Cone Calorimeter and the effect of grain orientation

Surface temperatures were measured on dry Douglas fir sapwood specimens during Cone Calorimeter tests using thermocouples and an infra-red pyrometer. Good agreement between the thermocouples and the pyrometer was obtained when (1) the emissivity was assumed to be 1.0 and (2) the thermocouples were in good contact with the surface and were not located in the proximity of a fissure. The major fissures were normal to the grain of the wood and the volatiles vented through the fissures. Char oxidation in the region between the vertical fissures resulted in higher surface temperatures.
Chlorophyll maxima and chlorophyll: Total phosphorus ratios in Missouri reservoirs

Abstract Reducing the magnitude and frequency of peak algal biomass is a common goal of lake management. To better quantify such conditions in Missouri reservoirs, an upper boundary delineating maximum algal chlorophyll (Chlmax) across the range of total phosphorus (TP) was developed using summer monitoring data (n = 8839) and compared with 2 other Missouri datasets (n = 8188 and 5151). Typically, other factors constrain Chl below the maximum, and most samples contained a fraction of Chlmax. Near maximum conditions (Chlnm) were provisionally defined as 70% of Chlmax; individual reservoirs differ in their history of supporting Chlnm measurements (from 0 to 43% of samples) irrespective of nutrient status or the duration of summer monitoring. There was a rapid increase in the yield of Chlmax per unit TP across the oligo–mesotrophic range, while within the eutrophic range Chlmax varied with changes in TP in a near-unity response. This general pattern was similar for Chlnm and provides a basis for predicting h...
Integrating mobile agent technology with multi-agent systems for distributed traffic detection and management systems

Agent technology is rapidly emerging as a powerful computing paradigm to cope with the complexity in dynamic distributed systems, such as traffic control and management systems. However, while a number of agent-based traffic control and management systems have been proposed and the multi-agent systems have been studied, to the best of our knowledge, the mobile agent technology has not been applied to this field. In this paper, we propose to integrate mobile agent technology with multi-agent systems to enhance the ability of the traffic management systems to deal with the uncertainty in a dynamic environment. In particular, we have developed an IEEE FIPA compliant mobile agent system called Mobile-C and designed an agent-based real-time traffic detection and management system (ABRTTDMS). The system based on Mobile-C takes advantages of both stationary agents and mobile agents. The use of mobile agents allows ABRTTDMS dynamically deploying new control algorithms and operations to respond unforeseen events and conditions. Mobility also reduces incident response time and data transmission over the network. The simulation of using mobile agents for dynamic algorithm and operation deployment demonstrates that mobile agent approach offers great flexibility in managing dynamics in complex systems.
A method for quantifying the anterior load–displacement behavior of the human knee in both the low and high stiffness regions

The anterior load–displacement behavior of the human knee with an intact ACL is characterized by a very low stiffness region initially and a high stiffness region that develops as anterior load is increased. Although this behavior has been well recognized for some time, a method for quantitatively describingthe behavior in these two reg ions based on limits of motion at specific values of anterior/posterior force has not yet been developed. Thus, the purposes of this study were to describe and justify such a method for measuringthe laxity and stiffness in both of these reg ions in the intact knee. Unique to this study, low stiffness and high stiffness laxities were computed based on three limits of motion for seven cadaveric knees tested at flexion angles ranging from 01 to 901. Definingthe reference position of the tibia relative to the femur, one limit was the 0 N posterior limit which was determined usinga specially desig ned load cycle to reduce uncertainty in establishinga reference position. Definingthe upper bound of the load–displacement curve, a second limit was the 225 N anterior limit. A third intermediate limit was the 45 N anterior limit, which was the load that represented the transition from the low stiffness to the high stiffness region. Stiffnesses corresponding to each of the two regions were computed using regression analysis and also estimated based on the laxities. Comparison between the computed and estimated stiffnesses demonstrated that the stiffnesses in both the low and high stiffness regions can be estimated reasonably accurately based on the laxities. Therefore, the 0 N posterior limit and the two laxities are the three quantities needed to describe the load–displacement behavior of the normal knee. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Innovation In The Early College Model: Hartford Magnet Trinity College Academy

In June 2011 Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut entered a partnership with the Hartford Public Schools to launch an innovative early college model of public education. The new Hartford Middle Magnet Trinity College Academy (HMTCA) represents an expansion of the Hartford Middle Magnet School (HMMS) from a 6-8th grade school, into a 6-12th grade academy. Although Trinity has had multiple connections with the middle school, the new high school provides the college an opportunity to help prepare students for college success at Trinity and other institutions of higher learning. The partnership also allows the college to fulfill its commitment to urban engagement at the local level. Finally, it is an opportunity for the college to recruit high-achieving Hartford public school students who might select other colleges. In this paper the early college model designed by Trinity and the Hartford Public schools is presented. A proposal for the best method to measure the successfulness of the partnership is also developed. This innovative evaluation method can be applied beyond HMTCA and applied to other early college high schools across the nation.
On the case of the missing detail and the twisted truth about hard work

This text, its politics, and erotics originate in ‘the case of the missing detail’: the alliance between Warner Brothers Entertainment Inc. and the author J.K. Rowling during a trial over copyright...
Capitalizing on Knowledge: Mapping Intersections Between Cognitive Capitalism and Education

Cognitive capitalism represents an extension of capitalism that involves the valorization of knowledge and knowledge labor. With the university as a crucial site of knowledge work, the implications of cognitive capitalism become of great significance. This essay functions as a critical way of understanding cognitive capitalism for educators. First utilizing Marxist theory, the origins of cognitive capitalism are examined as the social nature of capital enables the valorization of cognitive labor. Afterward, pertinent features of cognitive capitalism are discussed, particularly how cognitive capitalism functions in contemporary capitalism and how the production of knowledge commodities supplants non-commodified forms of knowledge. This discussion leads to an analysis of the relation between cognitive capitalism and education where education recast as a commodified process holds problematic implications for the work educators perform and their relationships with students.
Diurnal and weekly variation of tardive dyskinesia measured by digital image processing

The diurnal and weekly variability of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was assessed instrumentally by digital image processing. Weekly assessments were obtained in ten patients over a 6-week period. In six of the ten patients, assessments were obtained four times over a single 12-h period. Results indicate that TD movements measured by instrumental assessment vary from week to week and throughout the day. Factors that appear to have affected the variability were changes in medications and the time of day when the assessments were conducted.
Enhancing mobile video capacity and quality using rate adaptation, ran caching and processing

Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) streaming has become a popular video delivery technique, credited with improving Quality of Experience (QoE) of videos delivered on wireless networks. Recent independent research reveals video caching in the Radio Access Network (RAN) holds promise for increasing the network capacity and improving video QoE. In this paper, we investigate opportunities and challenges of combining the advantages of ABR and RAN caching to increase the video capacity and QoE of the wireless networks. While each ABR video is divided into multiple chunks that can be requested at different bit rates, a cache hit requires the presence of a specific chunk at a desired bit rate, making ABR-aware RAN caching challenging. To address this without having to cache all bit rate versions of a video, we propose adding limited processing capacity to each RAN cache. This enables transrating a higher rate version that may be available in the cache, to satisfy a request for a lower rate version, and joint caching and processing policies that leverage the back-haul, caching, and processing resources most effectively, thereby maximizing video capacity of the network. We also propose a novel rate adaptation algorithm that uses video characteristics to simultaneously change the video encoding and transmission rate. The results of extensive statistical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches in achieving significant capacity gain over ABR or RAN caching alone, as well as other ways of enabling ABR-aware RAN caching, while improving video QoE.
Unpowered wireless ultrasound tomography system

In this paper, an unpowered wireless ultrasound tomography system is presented. The system consists of two subsystems; the wireless interrogation unit (WIU) and three wireless nodes installed on the structure. Each node is designed to work in generation and sensing modes, but operates at a specific microwave frequency. Wireless transmission of the ultrasound signals between the WIU and the wireless nodes is achieved by converting ultrasound signals to microwave signals and vice versa, using a microwave carrier signal. In the generation mode, both a carrier signal and an ultrasound modulated microwave signal are transmitted to the sensor nodes. Only the node whose operating frequency matches the carrier signal will receive these signals and demodulate them to recover the original ultrasound signal. In the sensing mode, a microwave carrier signal with two different frequency components matching the operating frequencies of the sensor nodes is broadcasted by the WIU. The sensor nodes, in turn, receive the corresponding carrier signals, modulate it with the ultrasound sensing signal, and wirelessly transmit the modulated signal back to the WIU. The demodulation of the sensing signals is performed in the WIU using a digital signal processing. Implementing a software receiver significantly reduces the complexity and the cost of the WIU. A wireless ultrasound tomography system is realized by interchanging the carrier frequencies so that the wireless transducers can take turn to serve as the actuator and sensors.
Antidepressants in Panic Disorders

The efficacy of antidepressants for panic disorders has had major effects on our understanding of the classification, pathophysiology, and treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychiatric practice has also been significantly affected, but important issues remain unresolved, such as the mechanisms of therapeutic effect, optimal duration of therapy to minimise relapse, and the interaction and sequencing of medication with cognitive behavioural treatments.