cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic rescue patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia from a potential ‘perfect storm’

The outcome of patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is generally poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant may provide the only curative treatment [1]. In striking contrast, the outcome for patients with therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t-APL) appears to be as favorable as that of patients with de novo APL when treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus anthracycline-based chemotherapy [2,3]. Information describing therapeutic approaches for patients with t-APL is important, since the incidence may be increasing, and efforts to minimize cytotoxic
Effect of High-Energy-Electron Irradiation on Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics in P(VDF-TrFE) 65/35 mol% Copolymers

The effect of the high-energy-electron irradiation on the crystallization process in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethyelene) [(P(VDF-TrFE)] 65/35 mol% copolymers was studied by nonisothermal crystallization using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The experimental data are analyzed using modified Avrami, Ozawa, and combined Avrami-Ozawa methods. It is found that the crystals grow in three dimensions in the irradiated samples. It is found that the irradiation results in a lower crystallization temperature and a lower crystallization activation energy. It is also found that the irradiated samples have a lower crystallization temperature than the unirradiated samples. All these results indicate that the crystals grown in the irradiated samples have a smaller surface energy, which corresponds to a thicker interfacial layer.
A case-control study of maternal bathing habits and risk for birth defects in offspring.

Nearly all women shower or take baths during early pregnancy; however, bathing habits (i.e., shower and bath length and frequency) may be related to the risk of maternal hyperthermia and exposure to water disinfection byproducts, both of which are suspected to increase risk for multiple types of birth defects. Thus, we assessed the relationships between bathing habits during pregnancy and the risk for several nonsyndromic birth defects in offspring. Data for cases with one of 13 types of birth defects and controls from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study delivered during 2000–2007 were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for each type of birth defect. There were few associations between shower frequency or bath frequency or length and risk for birth defects in offspring. The risk for gastroschisis in offspring was increased among women who reported showers lasting ≥15 compared to <15 minutes (adjusted odds ratio: 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.72). In addition, we observed modest increases in the risk for spina bifida, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and limb reduction defects in offspring of women who showered ≥15 compared to <15 minutes. The results of comparisons among more specific categories of shower length (i.e., <15 minutes versus 15–19, 20–29, and ≥ 30 minutes) were similar. Our findings suggest that shower length may be associated with gastroschisis, but the modest associations with other birth defects were not supported by analyses of bath length or bath or shower frequency. Given that showering for ≥15 minutes during pregnancy is very common, further evaluation of the relationship between maternal showering habits and birth defects in offspring is worthwhile.
Is there a bias against performing coronary revascularization in women

This study compares referral to coronary revascularization after diagnostic cardiac catheterization in 8,133 women and 25,785 men. Although gender played a role, angiographic severity of coronary disease was the most important determinant of the selection of patients for revascularization.
CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature

This article describes the latest development of a generic approach to detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. The work makes substantial theoretical and methodological contributions to progressive knowledge domain visualization. A specialty is conceptualized and visualized as a time-variant duality between two fundamental concepts in information science: research fronts and intellectual bases. A research front is defined as an emergent and transient grouping of concepts and underlying research issues. The intellectual base of a research front is its citation and co-citation footprint in scientific literature—an evolving network of scientific publications cited by research-front concepts. Kleinberg's (2002) burst-detection algorithm is adapted to identify emergent research-front concepts. Freeman's (1979) betweenness centrality metric is used to highlight potential pivotal points of paradigm shift over time. Two complementary visualization views are designed and implemented: cluster views and time-zone views. The contributions of the approach are that (a) the nature of an intellectual base is algorithmically and temporally identified by emergent research-front terms, (b) the value of a co-citation cluster is explicitly interpreted in terms of research-front concepts, and (c) visually prominent and algorithmically detected pivotal points substantially reduce the complexity of a visualized network. The modeling and visualization process is implemented in CiteSpace II, a Java application, and applied to the analysis of two research fields: mass extinction (1981–2004) and terrorism (1990–2003). Prominent trends and pivotal points in visualized networks were verified in collaboration with domain experts, who are the authors of pivotal-point articles. Practical implications of the work are discussed. A number of challenges and opportunities for future studies are identified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Who Sleeps by Whom Revisited: A Method for Extracting the Moral Goods Implicit in Practice.

The practice of determining who sleeps by whom in a family household is a symbolic action that simultaneously expresses and realizes some of the deepest moral ideals of a cultural community.
The universal media book: tracking and augmenting moving surfaces with projected information

We explore the integration of projected imagery with a physical book that acts as a tangible interface to multimedia data. Using a camera and projector pair, a tracking framework is presented wherein the 3D position of planar pages are monitored as they are turned back and forth by a user, and data is correctly warped and projected onto each page at interactive rates. The book pages are blank, so traditional approaches to tracking physical features on the display surface do not apply. Instead, in each frame, feature points are independently extracted from the camera and projector images, and matched in order to recover the geometry of the pages in motion. The book can be loaded with multimedia content, including images, videos, and volumetric datasets (in which case a page can be removed from the book and used to navigate through a virtual 3D volume).
Summer’s Death

My sister and her husband were murdered in their home in the middle of a sunny fall day in a nice house in a nice neighborhood. My story has raised many important questions and facts. First, I lost two beloved family members. The pain was excruciating. My pain was exacerbated when I learned how my sister and her husband were tortured before their murders. As a violence researcher, I know empirically that there is no way around this pain; however, to climb my way out of this dark posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) abyss, I focus on the positive and am developing policies to prevent batterers from having free reign in communities. Second, due to the violence, I experienced extreme feelings of shock, fear, and helplessness because somebody wanted my sister and her husband dead. In fact, the killer wanted them more than dead. Each of their bodies had multiple injuries pre, peri, and post-mortem, and each of their bodies was posed to torment whomever found them. The killer pulled Michael’s pants and underwear down and sexually assaulted him, and Terri was posed in a grotesque manner in the pond with an altar built on her back. Their deaths were without the honor or peace becoming of a state trooper or an environmental investigator. Michael and Terri dedicated their lives to advocacy for the vulnerable and the environment. It is with great hope that you, the reader, share the story of Terri and Michael Greene. Domestic violence affects all of us, even those who do not live in violent homes. We are still waiting for the necessary social change that frames domestic violence as a human rights violation to prevent Terri and Michael’s fate from occurring to others. Most importantly, Terri and Michael Greene were victims of domestic violence. Their murders were preventable, and had anybody at any point over the last 25 years upheld the laws passed by Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) I, II, and III and held the perpetrator accountable for the psychological, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse of dozens of women and children, Terri and Mike would be alive. Deemed a
Socially Responsible Consumption Tendencies and Their Effect on the Evaluation of Products

Two decades ago, proponents of social marketing were critical of the function of marketing and questioned the corporation’s obligation to society. That criticism quieted down until two events re-activated the public’s concern for the environment. The Exxon Valdez oil spill (Kirkpatrick 1990) and the 20th anniversary of Earth Day reminded Americans about the fragile nature of the environment (Advertising Age 1991; Scheffer 1991). Corporate social responsibility, including environmental practices, is once again important to Americans. Books abound on how to shop "responsibly" (cf. Lydenberg 1986) as consumers have become more personally involved with the environmental impact of their consumption. According to McDaniel and Rylander (1993 p. 5), "Consumer environmental consciousness is not just a passing fad." As a result, there is an increasing trend for organizations to link their products with socially responsible consumption through marketing campaigns (Davis 1994) and in their buying practices (Drumwright 1994). Such promotional strategies are the result of firms’ beliefs that they help to differentiate themselves and their products in a crowded marketplace.
Kinetics of Field Alignment and Elastic Relaxation in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals

It has been shown by Schadt and Helfrich1 that the orientation pattern of nematic liquid crystals can be made to correspond to the planar texture of cholesteric liquid crystals if the molecular alignment is parallel to the walls but differs in direction at the two surfaces. Such an arrangement is known as a twisted nematic. A 90° twist leads to a 90° rotation of linearly polarized light travelling normally to the orienting surfaces provided the direction of polarization is collinear with the aligned nematic molecules at either of the two surfaces. These authors have further shown that the application of a sufficiently high electric field between the surfaces destroys the molecular twist in the liquid crystal bulk and eliminates most of the rotation of the polarized light provided the material has a positive dielectric anisotropy1. Upon removal of the field, the initial orientation pattern is re-established.
Role and Responsibilities of the Laboratory Director

Clinical laboratories provide essential services and information for the practice of medicine. A substantial portion of electronic medical data consists of laboratory results [1], and laboratory results are vital information for many clinical decisions. Accordingly, laboratories potentially contribute to improved patient safety and medical outcomes when their services are timely and results are accurate.
IN MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY

The pediatrician must be cognizant of the extensive applications of endoscopic surgery in the pediatric patient. The ability to provide either outpatient surgery or short-stay surgery appears to be cost-effective and appropriate state-of-the-art medical care. As the array of surgical instruments continues to evolve, new and innovative endoscopic procedures will become increasingly available.
Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Anodic Oxidation of Alcohols.

The slow, incomplete oxidation of methanol and ethanol on platinum-based anodes as well as the high price and limited reserves of Pt has hampered the practical application of direct alcohol fuel cells. We describe the electrocatalysts consisting of one Pt monolayer (one atom thick layer) placed on extended or nanoparticle surfaces having the activity and selectivity for the oxidation of alcohol molecules that can be controlled with platinum-support interaction. The suitably expanded Pt monolayer (i.e., Pt/Au(111)) exhibits a factor of 7 activity increase in catalyzing methanol electrooxidation relative to Pt(111). Sizable enhancement is also observed for ethanol electrooxidation. Furthermore, a correlation between substrate-induced lateral strain in a Pt monolayer and its activity/selectivity is established and rationalized by experimental and theoretical studies. The knowledge we gained with single-crystal model catalysts was successfully applied in designing real nanocatalysts. These findings for alcoho...
Book Review: Divorced From Reality: Rethinking Family Dispute Resolution by Jane C. Murphy and Jana B. Singer

This essay summarizes key points from the book and observes the very different players and processes involved when families in poverty enter the family court system.
Emerging Themes in Regulation of Global mRNA Turnover in cis.

mRNA is the molecule that conveys genetic information from DNA to the translation apparatus. mRNAs in all organisms display a wide range of stability, and mechanisms have evolved to selectively and differentially regulate individual mRNA stability in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. In recent years, three seemingly distinct aspects of RNA biology–mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, alternative 3′ end processing and polyadenylation (APA), and mRNA codon usage–have been linked to mRNA turnover, and all three aspects function to regulate global mRNA stability in cis. Here, we discuss the discovery and molecular dissection of these mechanisms in relation to how they impact the intrinsic decay rate of mRNA in eukaryotes, leading to transcriptome reprogramming.
Analytical Modeling of the SMART NoC

With the increasing number of components in multiprocessor systems-on-chip, standard bus based communication architectures face a formidable scalability challenge. Network-on-chip (NoC), a type of communication architecture, addresses this scalability problem by distributing the communication resources among the communicating components. A huge bottleneck to modern NoC design is its extremely slow simulation/prototyping phase. Traditionally, analytical performance models have been used to speed up this phase. However, the currently available analytical models are not applicable to state-of-the-art NoCs. This forces NoC designers to rely on simulation/prototyping. In this work, we propose an analytical NoC performance analysis methodology for modeling the state-of-the-art single-cycle multi-hop asynchronous repeated traversal (SMART) NoC that enables packets to partially or completely bypass routers from source to destination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on analytical modeling of NoCs that enable bypassing of routers. Our method registers a prediction error in network latency that is as low as 1 percent, and on an average below 2.5 and 8.4 percent, respectively, compared with the cycle-accurate GARNET network simulator and the gem5 full-system simulator running the PARSEC benchmark suite. The method also leads to two orders of magnitude speedup in computation time. It can account for variations in NoC design parameters, such as the maximum number of hops per cycle, number of virtual channels, flit size, buffer depth per virtual channel, etc. Even when these NoC design parameters are varied, our method's results remain within 5 percent of GARNET's results.
Internet of video things in 2030: A world with many cameras

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the internetworking of a variety of devices, including sensors. Among all sensors, visual sensors (i.e. cameras) are special because they can provide rich and versatile information. The world already has more than one billion cameras on mobile phones. We define the internet-working of visual sensors as the Internet of Video Things. This article estimates the number of cameras the world will see in 2030 and the implications of a large number of cameras. Transmitting, storing, and analyzing the data from cameras could impose significant challenges to existing technological infrastructures. This paper surveys recent progress in relevant technologies and suggests directions for future research.
Katherine Dunham’s Chicago stage: crossing to Caribbean négritude

ABSTRACTKatherine Dunham’s 1959 memoir, A Touch of Innocence, offers a remarkable opportunity to understand urban space — a crucial location of modernist experimentation — through the kinesthetic training, experience, and awareness of a dancer. If Dunham was redefining herself, her memoir rewrote urban space through the dancer/choreographer’s kinesthetic awareness of gendered and racialized embodiment. After two decades of stagecraft that was shaped by and participated in Caribbean negritude, Dunham’s memoir experimented with a choreography of urban space to produce a powerful critique of racism and female endangerment. She remapped Chicago through the movement vocabulary she had acquired by the time of her “retreat.” Thus her memoir stages her childhood experience through north-south circuits that become inner circles for other movements: the Great Migration north that reconfigured Chicago’s race relations, and Dunham’s movement south to the Caribbean for alternative dance forms and versions of negritude...
Red and near-infrared fluorophores inspired by chlorophylls: consideration of practical brightness in multicolor flow cytometry and biomedical sciences

Demands in flow cytometry for increased multiplexing (for detection of multiple antigens) and brightness (for detection of rare entities) require new fluorophores (i.e., “colors”) with spectrally distinct fluorescence outside the relatively congested visible spectral region. Flow cytometry fluorophores typically must function in aqueous solution upon bioconjugation and ideally should exhibit a host of photophysical features: (i) strong absorption, (ii) sizable Stokes shift, (iii) modest if not strong fluorescence, and (iv) narrow fluorescence band. Tandem dyes have long been pursued to achieve a large effective Stokes shift, increased brightness, and better control over the excitation and emission wavelengths. Here, the attractive photophysical features of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls – Nature’s chosen photoactive pigments for photosynthesis – are described with regards to use in flow cytometry. A chlorophyll (or bacteriochlorophyll) constitutes an intrinsic tandem dye given the red (or near-infrared) fluorescence upon excitation in the higher energy ultraviolet (UV) or visible absorption bands (due to rapid internal conversion to the lowest energy state). Synthetic (bacterio)chlorins are available with strong absorption (near-UV molar absorption coefficient e(λ exc ) ~10 5 M -1 cm -1 ), modest fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 0.05–0.30), and narrow fluorescence band (10–25 nm) tunable from 600–900 nm depending on synthetic design. The “relative practical brightness” is given by intrinsic brightness [e(λ exc ) x Φ f ] times η f , the fraction of the fluorescence band that is captured by an emission filter in a multicolor experiment. The spectroscopic features of (bacterio)chlorins are evaluated quantitatively to illustrate practical brightness for this novel class of fluorophores in a prospective 8-color panel.
Pediatric Pathology: A Course Review

FETAL AND INFANT PATHOLOGY. PERINATAL PATHOLOGY. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND MALFORMATIONS. 1ST AND 2ND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY LOSS AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES. MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES. PLACENTAL PATHOLOGY. NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AND OTHER TOXIC EMBRYOPATHIES. INFECTIOUS DISORDERS. INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM. PEDIATRIC FORENSIC PATHOLOGY. SELECTED TOPICS IN BLOOD TRANSFUSION AND COAGULATION. SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM. LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM. KIDNEYS AND URINARY SYSTEM. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. BREAST. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. SKIN. SOFT TISSUE. SKELETAL SYSTEM. NERVOUS SYSTEM. OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY. NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM. BONE MARROW AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD PATHOLOGY. LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND THYMUS. TRANSPLANT PATHOLOGY. TABLE OF CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR ABNORMALITIES IN SELECTED DISEASES. QUIZ WITH DIGITAL IMAGES IN SURGICAL AND HEMATOLOGIC PATHOLOGY. ANSWER KEY. GLOSSARY.
Definition and the Epistemology of Natural Kinds in Aristotle

We have reason to think that a fundamental goal of natural science, on Aristotle’s view, is to discover the essence-specifying definitions of natural kinds—with biological species as perhaps the most obvious case. However, we have in the end precious little evidence regarding what an Aristotelian definition of the form of a natural kind would look like, and so Aristotle’s view remains especially obscure precisely where it seems to be most applicable. I argue that if we can get a better understanding of how the forms of natural kinds are or come to be known, and how they make things intelligible, we can get a better appreciation of the nature of form in general, as well as solve certain puzzles about form and definition.
Mammalian expression cloning of nucleic acid binding proteins by agarose thin-layer gelshift clone selection.

Here we report a functional screening technique to identify cDNAs encoding mammalian nucleic acid binding proteins. We have combined cDNA expression cloning with the agarose thin-layer gelshift assay technique to detect specific nucleic acid binding proteins from a mammalian expression library. We divided this cDNA expression library into multiple pools and transfected mammalian cells with the individual pools. Following transfection, we tested the expressed proteins for DNA-binding activity by agarose thin-layer electrophoretic gelshift assay. After we identified a single expression pool for the presence of a DNA-binding protein, the corresponding cDNA pool was further divided into smaller aliquots. Then, the cDNA expression and gelshift clone selection was repeated until a single clone was isolated. In contrast to traditional polyacrylamide gels, the agarose thin-layer is significantly faster and resolves larger DNA-protein complexes. This method can be widely used for the cDNA cloning of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins from various mammalian host cells.
Slow wave homeostasis and synaptic plasticity.

In 1925, the German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger first recorded the brain activity of his 15-year-old son. In his pioneering paper, published in 1929, he was the first to use the term “electroencephalogram” (EEG) to describe brain wave recordings.1 The use of the EEG in a clinical study of humans with epilepsy was first published in the English language in 1935.2,3 Even during the 1930s, researchers were using the EEG to study sleep, but a major breakthrough came in 1953, with the description of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.4 Although the EEG has been used for at least 70 years to qualify and quantify sleep stages, it remains a very powerful tool for sleep research. In this article, recent advances in the area of slow wave sleep (SWS) research will be reviewed, focusing on the use of high-density EEG recordings to identify the source and propagation of slow oscillations and the relationship between slow waves and synaptic strength.
Selective arteriography of the lumbar spinal cord in dogs.

A technique for performing selective lumbar spinal cord arteriography in dogs is described. The arteriographic anatomy is illustrated and correlated with injection specimens. Differences between human and canine spinal cord blood supply are stressed.
Electrophysiological Measurements on the Renal Tubule

The topic of electrical phenomena in the nephron has been surveyed in several recent reviews (Boulpaep, 1972b, 1976a,b; Fromter, 1972a, 1974; Giebisch and Windhager, 1973). These reviews are concerned, in general, with a discussion of electrical potential difference and conductance measurements across the epithelium of single renal tubules and their physiological interpretation. This chapter will emphasize technical aspects of electrophysiological measurements as they apply to the particular circumstances of renal tubule epithelium. In contrast to other epithelia where both cell boundaries are easily accessible to voltage-measuring or current-carrying electrodes, the geometry of renal tubules leads to a number of special problems. These have to do with the small size of the luminal fluid compartment, with the inaccessibility of certain nephron segments from the kidney surface in vivo, and with the frequent lack of mechanical and electrical stability of the tubular epithelium. Attempts to overcome these difficulties have centered on the use of luminal and peritubular microperfusion methods in vivo, the isolation of single tubular segments in vitro, and the use of tissue slices.
Etiology, Histology, and Classification of Urethral Stricture Disease

The etiology of urethral strictures has a significant impact on stricture location and the chance of success with reconstruction. Likewise the histology of urethral strictures reflects the etiology and the stricture location. Several classification schemata have been proposed for urethral strictures, with the goal of stratifying strictures into those that are straightforward vs. complex and those that can be managed endoscopically vs. those that require open urethroplasty.
Non-Stationary Spatial Covariances Estimated from Monitoring Data

Suppose monitoring data are obtained from spatially distributed observations observed simultaneously and repeatedly in time. For weather or pollution data the observed covariances calculated from pairs of time series are often highly non-stationary geographically. A proposal is presented for estimating spatial covariances between monitored locations and unmonitored locations which combines the information from the observed station-pair covariances with a fitted stationary model for spatial covariance. The principal motivation is to obtain interpolation precision estimates which reflect local covariance properties.
Combined Cyclopiazonic Acid and Aflatoxin B1 Effects on Serum Bacteriostasis, Complement Activity, Glycocholic Acid, and Enzymes and Histopathologic Changes in Guinea Pigs

Cyclopiazonic acid is an indole-tetramic acid and produced by several species of fungi such as Penicillum cyclopium, P. patulum, P. viridicatum, P. puberulum, P. crustpsum, P. camembertii, Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor, A. oryzae and A. tamarli.3,9 The toxin was first reported to occur naturally in corn4 and subsequently has been reported in cheese,6 peanuts,5 and kodo millet.11
A Unified Amplifier-Based CC-CV Linear Charger for Energy-Constrained Low-Power Applications

This brief presents a linear charger architecture based on a single amplifier for regulation and the charging phase transition from the constant-current (CC) phase to the constant-voltage (CV) phase. The proposed unified amplifier is based on stacked differential pairs that share the bias current. Its current-steering property removes multiple amplifiers for regulation and the CC-CV transition, and achieves high unity-gain loop bandwidth for fast regulation. The proposed charger with the maximum charging current of 25 mA is fabricated in 0.35- $ \mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. While the unified amplifier is biased with 20 $\mu \text{A}$ , the charger achieves a peak charger efficiency of 94% and average charger efficiency of 88% with an 80-mAh Li-ion polymer battery.
Factors affecting classroom participation and how participation leads to a better learning

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we analyze various course- and student-related factors that affect participation grades within several college accounting classes. The second purpose is...
Analysis of Human-Swarm Visualizations:

Interest in robotic swarms has increased exponentially. Prior research determined that humans perceive biological swarm motions as a single entity, rather than perceiving the individuals. An open question is how the swarm’s visual representation and the associated task impact human performance when identifying current swarm tasks. The majority of the existing swarm visualizations present each robot individually. Swarms typically incorporate large numbers of individuals, where the individuals exhibit simple behaviors, but the swarm appears to exhibit more intelligent behavior. As the swarm size increases, it becomes increasingly difficult for the human operator to understand the swarm’s current state, the emergent behaviors, and predict future outcomes. Alternative swarm visualizations are one means of mitigating high operator workload and risk of human error. Five visualizations were evaluated for two tasks, go to and avoid, in the presence or absence of obstacles. The results indicate that visualizations...
15 – Electrocatalytic membrane reactors (eCMRs) for fuel cell and other applications

This chapter provides a discussion of the potential of fuel cells as electrocatalytic membrane reactors ( e CMRs). Viewing the fuel cell, endowed with an ion-transport membrane flanked on either side by catalytic electrodes, more generally as an e CMR allows one to see the many possibilities for this device. In addition to electric power generation in the conventional fuel cell mode, these include electrocatalytic synthesis, involving both oxidation and reduction reactions, spurred by the use of external power for endergonic reactions (Δ G > 0), or for the concomitant generation, or cogeneration, of electric power and chemicals for adequately exergonic reactions (Δ G ≪ 0). Further, e CMR can be used for separation and enrichment, or even for pumping and compression, by using an external electric power to pump ions, with or without an ion-carrier molecule, e.g., CO 2 . The chapter begins with a brief description of the generic e CMR and the principles behind its multifarious functions. This is followed by examples of its application as a conventional fuel cell for producing power, unitized regenerative fuel cells for storing power, and a few industrial processes in which electrocatalytic synthesis or separation is accomplished. The focus is on conceptual novelty and principles rather than on a comprehensive list of applications. The chapter concludes by commenting on future potential for fuel cells as e CMRs.
A comparative study of smoking cessation intervention programs on social media

As an alternative to traditional face-to-face counseling and support group, social media has become a new venue for health intervention programs. Different online intervention channels have their own characteristics and advantages. This study focuses on comparing two types of online intervention channels, i.e., forum and Facebook page, for smoking cessation using social network analysis techniques. QuitNet is a popular online intervention program for smoking cessation. In this study, we collected data from QuitNet's forum and its Facebook group page and constructed two social networks, respectively. We analyzed and compared these two social networks with a focus on users' quit statuses and communication patterns in the two different channels.
The dragons and the snakes: how the rest learned to fight the West: by David Kilcullen, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 336 pp., $27.95 (hardcover), ISBN 9780190265687

With The Dragons and the Snakes David Kilcullen advances a foreboding premise – American-led Western civilization as we know it is in decline, and along with it, our Western way of war. First pione...
Non-reciprocal interband Brillouin modulation

Non-reciprocal light propagation is essential to control optical crosstalk and back-scatter in photonic systems. However, realizing high-fidelity non-reciprocity in low-loss integrated photonic circuits remains challenging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a form of non-local acousto-optic light scattering to produce non-reciprocal single-sideband modulation and mode conversion in an integrated silicon photonic platform. In this system, a travelling-wave acoustic phonon driven by optical forces in a silicon waveguide spatiotemporally modulates light in a separate waveguide through linear interband Brillouin scattering. This process extends narrowband optomechanics-based schemes for non-reciprocity to travelling-wave physics, enabling large operation bandwidths of more than 125 GHz and up to 38 dB of non-reciprocal contrast between forward- and backward-propagating optical waves. The modulator operation wavelength is tunable over a 35-nm range by varying the optical drive wavelength. Such travelling-wave acousto-optic interactions provide a promising path toward the realization of broadband, low-loss isolators and circulators within integrated photonics. Non-reciprocal single-sideband modulation and mode conversion are realized in a low-loss integrated silicon waveguide, enabling >125 GHz operation bandwidths and up to 38 dB of non-reciprocal contrast between forward- and backward-propagating waves.
Bartonella osteomyelitis versus vertebral sarcoidosis: A tale of two cases.

BackgroundOsteomyelitis is an uncommon manifestation of Bartonella henselae. Similarly, bony involvement may occur with sarcoidosis. Even though these are pathologically distinct entities, they can...
SinGAN-GIF: Learning a Generative Video Model from a Single GIF

We propose SinGAN-GIF, an extension of the image-based SinGAN [27] to GIFs or short video snippets. Our method learns the distribution of both the image patches in the GIF as well as their motion patterns. We do so by using a pyramid of 3D and 2D convolutional networks to model temporal information while reducing model parameters and training time, along with an image and a video discriminator. SinGAN-GIF can generate similar looking video samples for natural scenes at different spatial resolutions or temporal frame rates, and can be extended to other video applications like video editing, super resolution, and motion transfer. The project page, with supplementary video results, is: https://rajat95.github.io/singan-gif/
Accumulation points of the edit distance function

Given a hereditary property $\mathcal H$ of graphs and some $p\in[0,1]$, the edit distance function $\operatorname{ed}_{\mathcal H}(p)$ is (asymptotically) the maximum proportion of "edits" (edge-additions plus edge-deletions) necessary to transform any graph of density $p$ into a member of $\mathcal H$. For any fixed $p\in[0,1]$, $\operatorname{ed}_{\mathcal H}(p)$ can be computed from an object known as a colored regularity graph (CRG). This paper is concerned with those points $p\in[0,1]$ for which infinitely many CRGs are required to compute $\operatorname{ed}_{\mathcal H}$ on any open interval containing $p$; such a $p$ is called an accumulation point. We show that, as expected, $p=0$ and $p=1$ are indeed accumulation points for some hereditary properties; we additionally determine the slope of $\operatorname{ed}_{\mathcal H}$ at these two extreme points. Unexpectedly, we construct a hereditary property with an accumulation point at $p=1/4$. Finally, we derive a significant structural property about those CRGs which occur at accumulation points.
The policing and public health interface: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

The term ‘interface’ has at least two meanings. It refers to ‘the place at which interdependent and often unrelated systems meet and act on or communicate with each other’ and it also denotes the a...
Phenological Water Balance Applications for Trend Analyses and Risk Management

The goal of this work is to develop and demonstrate methods that support effective agro-pastoral risk management in a changing climate. Disaster mitigation strategies, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), emphasize the need to address underlying causes of disaster risk and to prevent the emergence of new risks. Such assessments can be difficult, because they require transforming changes in meteorological outcomes into sector-specific impact. While it is common to examine trends in seasonal precipitation and precipitation extremes, it is much less common to study how these trends interact with crop and pasture water needs. Here, we show that the Water Requirement (WR) component of the widely used WRSI can be used to enhance interpretations of precipitation changes. WR helps answer a key question: was the amount of rainfall received in a given season enough to satisfy a crop or pasture’s water needs? Our first results section focuses on analyzing spatial patterns of climate change. We show how WR values can be used to translate east African rainfall declines into estimates of crop and rangeland water deficits. We also show that increases in WR, during recent droughts, has intensified aridity in arid regions. In addition, using the PWB, we also show that precipitation increases in humid areas of western east Africa have been producing increasingly frequent excessive rainfall seasons. The second portion of our paper focuses on assessing temporal outcomes for a fixed location (Kenya) to support drought-management scenario development. Kenyan rainfall is decreasing and population is increasing. How can we translate this data into actionable information? The UN and WMO advise nations to proactively plan for agro-hydrologic shocks by setting aside sufficient grain and financial resources to help buffer low-crop production years. We show how precipitation, WR, crop statistics, and population data can be used to guide 1-in-10 and 1-in-25-year low crop yield scenarios, which could be used to guide Kenya’s drought management planning and development. The first and second research components share a common objective: using the PWB to translate rainfall data into more actionable information that can inform disaster risk management and development planning.
Association Between COVID-19 Relief Funds and Hospital Characteristics in the US

Importance In response to financial stress created by the reduction in care during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals received financial assistance through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act program. To date, the allocation of CARES Act funding is not well understood. Objective To examine the disbursement of the High-Impact Distribution CARES Act funds and the association between financial assistance and hospital-level financial resources prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis of US-based hospitals and health systems assesses the hospital characteristics associated with CARES Act funding with linear regression models using linked hospital and health system–level information on CARES Act funding with hospital characteristics from Hospital Cost Report data. Exposures Hospital and health system CARES Act financial assistance. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital and health system affiliation, status, and financial health prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis took place from December 2020 through June 2021. Results The analysis included 952 hospital-level entities with an average payment of $33.6 million, most of which was received during the first payment round. Wide ranges existed in CARES Act funding, with 24% of matched hospitals receiving less than $5 million in funding and 8% receiving more than $50 million. Academic-affiliated hospitals, hospitals with higher pre–COVID-19 assets and hospitals with higher COVID-19 cases received higher levels of funding, while critical access hospitals received lower levels of financial assistance. A 10% increase in hospital assets, endowment size, and COVID-19 cases was associated with 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8% to 2.0%;P = .003), 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1% to 0.3%;P Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of US hospitals and health systems, findings suggest that High-Impact Distribution CARES Act funds may have disproportionately gone to hospitals that were in a stronger financial situation prior to the pandemic compared with those that were not, but funds also went disproportionately to those that eventually had the most cases.
Impact of carbamazepine on vitamin D levels: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Purpose There are longstanding concerns about the impact of enzyme-inducing anti-seizure medications (ASMs) on vitamin D, an important molecule in both bone metabolism and inflammation pathways. The relationship between chronic use of carbamazepine and vitamin D levels has been studied, but no comprehensive review to inform practitioners and policymakers is currently available. We performed a meta-analysis on studies that measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in persons taking carbamazepine to determine whether this drug significantly reduces circulating 25OHD. Principal results From a literature search of the terms “carbamazepine” and “vitamin D”, we identified 12 studies that measured 25OHD levels in persons on carbamazepine monotherapy groups and controls. Persons taking carbamazepine had significantly lower 25OHD levels than persons not taking carbamazepine. The average 25OHD levels of carbamazepine-treated patients across all studies was 21.8 ng/mL (IQR 15.4,26.0) whereas 25OHD levels of control subjects was 28.0 ng/mL (IQR 20.8,30.4). The weighted difference of means was 4.00 ng/mL of 25OHD. Neither age nor sex nor duration of carbamazepine therapy had a significant impact on this finding. The effect was similar irrespective of whether the comparator group consisted of healthy controls or epilepsy patients taking non-inducing medications. Major conclusions Carbamazepine use is associated with a reduction of 25OHD levels. In combination with other literature establishing the problematic metabolic effects of carbamazepine, this meta-analysis provides additional evidence in favor of the use of alternative ASMs as first-line agents. At minimum, vitamin D supplementation should be strongly considered for patients prescribed carbamazepine.
Choice and Obligation in Post-normative Jewish Families: Response to the Sklare Lecture

The extent of religious individualism among American Jews can easily be overstated. American Jews make religious choices in the context of relationships with other people, particularly relationships with family. At a time when the family is serving less and less as a site of Jewish cultural engagement and transmission, however, Jewish cultural production and consumption are being reorganized along lines that are not necessarily dependent on families for their sustainability.
Nuclear Localization of β-catenin Associates EMT with Aggressive Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nuclear localization of β-catenin in epithelial cells characterizes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is associated with tumor progression in numerous malignancies. Factors that contr...
A Class of Simple Groups of Characteristic 2

Publisher Summary The structure of any non-abelian finite simple group G that possesses an involution z lying in the center of an S-subgroup of G is determined in the chapter, such that the centralizer H of z in G has the following properties: (1) the subgroup E = 0 2 (H) is of class at most 2, (2) the group H possesses a normal subgroup H of odd index, such that H 0 /E is isomorphic to L 2 (2 n ), n ≥ 2, and (3) C H (E) _E.
Comparison Between Regenerators and Non-Regenerators in Mississippi: A Discriminant Analysis

Nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) landowners in Mississippi who recently harvested timber were surveyed to examine their regeneration behavior. Differences between regenerators and nonregenerators were investigated by looking at the different factors affecting reforestation decisions. A discriminant analysis was used to identify factors that were useful in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Ownership size; sociodemographic characteristics such as income, education, place of residence, and age; awareness of existing government incentive/assistance programs; and participation in educational programs were significant variables in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Landowners who own larger timberlands had a higher propensity to engage in regeneration activities after harvests. This also was true for landowners who had higher income levels and educational attainment, and were younger, city resident, and white. Landowners who were aware of existing government incentive/assistance programs and those who participated in educational programs also were more likely to participate in pine regeneration. Landowners in Mississippi considered both ecological and economic reasons as highly important considerations in their decision to regenerate. The belief that the land would reforest itself to pine naturally, the high cost of reforestation, and lack of information on reforestation options were top reasons cited by landowners for their decision not to regenerate. South. J. Appl. For. 28(4):189–195.
Asset Returns and Inflation in Response to Supply, Monetary, and Fiscal Disturbances

This paper identifies sources of asset returns (stock returns and interest rates) and inflation relations. We find that the relation between asset returns and inflation is driven by three types of disturbances to the economy. We interpret them as due to supply disturbances and two types of demand—monetary and fiscal—disturbances. In post-war U.S. data, supply and fiscal disturbances drive a negative stock return-inflation relation, whereas monetary disturbances generate a positive stock return-inflation relation. However, all three types of disturbances generate a negative interest rate-inflation relation. Depending on the interaction of the three types of shocks, we observe different correlations between asset returns and inflation in post- and pre-World War II U.S. data.
Cost-effective high-voltage Drain Extended PMOS integration in an advanced STI LBC technology

Different approaches for low-cost high-voltage Drain Extended PMOS (DEPMOS) transistor integration into a thin epitaxy Linear BiCMOS (LBC) technology are presented and discussed. Three device designs processed in an 80V LDMOS STI LBC technology are shown to extend the operating voltage of the DEPMOS to the desired 75V range with sufficient margins. In a low-cost implementation using the p-epitaxy layer as drain extension, higher breakdown voltage (BV) is obtained by combining n-buried layer dilution and drain field plating, or by introducing a floating n-buried layer. A high performance device using a through-STI p-type implant chain partially overlapped by backgate well is presented, achieving benchmark specific on-resistance (Rsp) versus BV. The DEPMOS backgate and threshold voltage are optimized without any mask addition.
Deadline and QoS aware data warehouse

A data warehouse infrastructure needs to support the requirement of (day time) ad hoc query response time and (night time) batch workload completion time. The following tasks need to be finished in a batch window: (1) Apply one day's delta data to the base tables; (2) refresh MQTs (Materialized Query Tables) for ad hoc queries and batch workloads; (3) run batch queries. Tools are available to optimize each step; however, many factors need to be considered for improving the overall performance of a data warehouse (i.e. meeting batch window deadline and ad hoc query response time). We have prototyped a Data Warehouse Operation Advisor to systematically study each component contributing to the batch window problem, and then perform global optimization to achieve desired results!