cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No Law Respecting the Practice of Religion

This essay was the McElroy Lecture at the University of Detroit Mercy. I explain how the First Amendment religion case law might have developed if the Court had followed the idea of living traditions in its First Amendment jurisprudence.
Hurricane Katrina – one hospital's experience

Hurricane Katrina came ashore in Louisiana at approximately 07:00 hours on Monday, 29 August 2005. The storm washed away a swathe of the Louisiana coastline, destroyed large portions of the city of New Orleans, and forever changed the state of Louisiana. Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana was one of the receiving hospitals for evacuees from the New Orleans area. This commentary briefly describes the hospital's preparation before the storm and the activities during and immediately after the storm came ashore. Author commentary of the process is included to cover anticipation of the patient surge, transport of critical patients, and communication across all agencies – interhospital, local, state, and federal. It is beyond the scope of this report to judge the performance of agencies outside Our Lady of the Lake Hospital.
Michel Ouellette, l’oeuvre correctrice du ré-écrivain

Le theâtre de Michel Ouellette, qui s’est d’abord inscrit dans une tradition plus mimetique et communautariste, a manifestement pris le virage d’une litterarisation autoreflexive de la figure meme du createur. Cet article explore les instances d’autofiction intrusives de l’auteur et de sa demarche correctrice, revisitant a la fois les pieces de ses contemporains et le sort de ses propres personnages. L’oeuvre de Ouellette presente, par le truchement d’avatars auctoriaux, la figure d’un re-ecrivain mettant en scene son oeuvre correctrice.
Teaching Observational Astronomy as a Laboratory Course for Non-Majors

Since antiquity, doing astronomy means basically stepping outside, looking upward, and considering the widest environment. Thus any undergraduate astronomy program, no matter how diverse its course offering, is incomplete without observational astronomy. For example, some California community colleges offer several courses including such titles as “Man and the Cosmos,” “Final Stellar States,” “Astronomy Enrichment,” and “Astronomical Myths, Mysteries & Fallacies,” but do not offer “Observational Astronomy.” As a teaching astronomer, I question the wisdom and honesty of such practice of proliferation solely based on sensationalism. An introductory lecture course and an observational lab course must be the core of lower-division undergraduate astronomy education. Anything else, in my opinion, is peripheral.
Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia mimicking squamous cell carcinoma in a case of CD56-positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma

We present the case of an 84-year-old patient with a cutaneous CD56 positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma associated with substantial pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia mimicking squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient presented with a 7-month history of several progressive, ulcerated plaques on his right forearm. An initial biopsy showed changes consistent with a diagnosis of SCC for which the patient underwent surgical treatment. Several months later, the patient developed recurrent ulcerated plaques on the right forearm of which several biopsies were performed. The biopsies repeatedly showed marked pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia resembling SCC. Deeper punch biopsies, however, showed a dense superficial and deep infiltrate of markedly atypical lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong positive staining for CD3, CD8, CD56 with negative stains for CD30 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNAs (EBER). Staining for beta F1 and gamma-delta T-cell receptor (γδ TCR) were both negative. This constellation was most consistent with a diagnosis of cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified in association with marked pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. Our case adds cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified to the list of conditions associated with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) and illustrates once again the potential pitfalls of distinguishing marked pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia from SCC.
Defined Medium for Growth of Haemophilus influenzae

A chemically defined medium (MIc) is described in which cells of Haemophilus influenzae Rd grow rapidly (generation time, 35 ± 5 min) and reach a stationary level of 1010 cells/ml. Our strain of cells grown in this medium developed high levels of competence when transferred to another medium designed for that purpose. Conditions governing the total development of competence in this organism have now been defined.
Divine Omniscience and the Soteriological Problem of Evil: Is the Type of Knowledge God Possesses Relevant?

The problem of evil normally discussed in philosophical theology is concerned with the pain and suffering experienced in this life . Why do so many innocent children die slow, torturous deaths as the result of disease, famine or earthquakes? Why do so many seemingly innocent adults suffer as the result of the greed, indifference or perversity of others? If God is all-good, then he certainly does not want such suffering. If God is all-powerful, he should be able to do away with such evils. Thus, must we not conclude that the existence of such evil counts against belief in the existence of an all-loving, all-powerful God?
Statistical methods in wire and cable processing

Many of the processes in the manufacture of wire and cable and tests of the finished product are amenable to control or study by recognized statistical methods. The scope of these applications is indicated in part by the following.
Strategies of Participation in Participant Observation

Participant observation is approached by considering five strategies of participation, as reflected in the writings of field workers in the social sciences. The strategies considered are: (1) gaini...
Applications of Heavy-Ion Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (HIRBS) to the analysis of contact structures on GaAs and Ge

The use of Heavy-Ion Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (HIRBS) for the analysis of layered structures on GaAs and Ge substrates has been studied. Direct comparisons of data obtained using both /sup 16/O and /sup 4/He projectiles for the characterization of contact structures have demonstrated the advantages of HIRBS for the study of substrates with increased atomic masses due to the improved mass resolution of the method for high Z materials. We present results obtained from a study of thermally induced interactions between Ga As and Ge substrates and the metals Pt and Pd. Results of the analysis of multiple layered structures on GaAs and GaAlAs substrate with HIRBS are also discussed.
The Future Problem Solving Program: An Investigation of Effects on Problem Solving Ability.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Future Problem Solving Program on gifted students′ ability to solve futuristic problems similar to those used in the program. The first research question dealt with the effects of the Future Problem Solving Program on subjects total score on an ill-structured problem. The second question asked which components of the Future Problem Solving process differed across groups. Subjects (n = 61) were fourth- and fifth-grade gifted children in a suburban school district. Thirty-three participated in the Future Problem Solving Program for at least 6 months, while 28 did not participate in this program. All subjects completed a problem booklet. Interrater reliability was high, and there was a significant overall effect for the Future Problem Solving Program on the solution of the futuristic problem and significant differences on four of the six component scores across groups.
The median eminence of the bowfin, Amia calva L.

Abstract The coexistence of an extensive, elaborate median eminence and limited areas of primitively developed neurohypophyseal contact within the pars distalis are described in the holostean fish Amia calva as observed by light and electron microscopy. Axonal bulbs with 890 A diameter, monaminergic-type dense-cored vesicles are concentrated on the capillary glomeruloids which deeply penetrate the infundibular surface. Portal vessels represent the sole vascular supply for the pars distalis. Despite its relatively advanced status at the holostean organizational level, Amia reveals a remarkably developed median eminence in comparison with fishes considered to be more primitive.
A multidimensional approach to manufacturing quality

In this paper, we examine the conditions under which it is profitable for a firm to invest in a quality-improvement program. To do this, we model quality along two dimensions: product performance (measured by deviation from an acceptable base performance level), and timeliness of product delivery (measured by time-related penalties such as lateness or tardiness). This explicit quality formulation is incorporated into a profit maximization framework in which it is necessary to weigh the revenue associated with each job against its cost in terms of time-related penalties and cost associated with defects. In this setting, we identify cases in which there is a positive net gain from altering the quality trade-off via a quality-improvement program such as Total Quality Management (TQM).
Application of a full potential method for predicting supersonic flowfields and aerodynamic characteristics

A nonlinear aerodynamic prediction technique which solves the conservative full potential equation has been applied to the analysis of three waverider configurations. This technique was selected based on its capability to analyze the off-design characteristics of the waveriders. Very good correlations were achieved with surface pressure data for both the Mach 4 elliptic cone waverider and the Mach 6 caret-wing derivative. Off-design Mach number and angle-of-attack pressure correlations were very good for the elliptic cone waverider. The range of correlation with data exceeded that expected based on the theory limitations. A surface pressure integration routine was demonstrated and agreement between predicted aerodynamic forces and experimental force data for the Mach 4 waverider was excellent. Analysis of a nonconical waverider configuration was initiated where a discrete input option is used to achieve the computational gridding. Preliminary analysis of this configuration indicates the correct shock location will be predicted.
Antegrade Is More Effective Than Retrograde Enteroscopy for Evaluation and Management of Suspected Small-Bowel Disease

Background & Aims Antegrade and retrograde enteroscopy are useful for evaluating the proximal and distal small bowel, respectively. We compared the diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, and complications of antegrade and retrograde enteroscopy. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent small-bowel enteroscopy at our institution from January 2008 to August 2009. All enteroscopies were performed using single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE), double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), or spiral enteroscopy (SE). A total of 250 enteroscopies were performed; 182 were antegrade (91 SBE, 52 DBE, and 39 SE) and 68 were retrograde (23 SBE, 37 DBE, and 8 SE). The mean age of the patients was 61.5 ± 15.8 years. Results The most common indication for small-bowel endoscopy was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 83). The diagnostic yield was significantly higher for antegrade than retrograde enteroscopy (63.7% vs 39.7%; P P P P Conclusions Antegrade enteroscopy appears to provide a higher diagnostic and therapeutic yield than retrograde enteroscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel disease.
The synthesis of (±)-verbascenine

Abstract A synthesis of (±)-verbascenine is described which includes, as the key step, the coupling of 4-phenylazetidin-2-one with an imino ether derivative of a protected thirteen-membered diamino lactam.
Culture of endothelial cells from baboon and human glomeruli

Culture of endothelial cells from baboon and human glomeruli. Whereas mesangial and epithelial cells from glomeruli are commonly grown in vitro, there has been a failure to isolate and propagate human glomerular capillary endothelial cells. This study defines the conditions for the reproducible isolation and growth of homogeneous monolayers of primate (baboon and human) glomerular capillary endothelial cells. Using selective media and growth factors, the following criteria were identified to optimize the isolation and proliferation of glomerular endothelial cells: (1) collagenase treatment of isolated glomeruli; (2) requirement for 20% serum, endothelial cell growth factor and heparin; (3) requirement of fibronectin as surface matrix; and (4) isolation from donors less than 60 years old, as premature senescence was directly proportional to the age of the human kidney donor. Under these conditions, primary cultures with an endothelial cell composition greater than 70% were reproducibly obtained. Homogeneous endothelial monolayers were developed from 20 of 23 human kidneys, and maintained for 5 to 10 passages, depending on the age of the kidney donor. Purification to homogeneity was achieved by patch cloning or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells exhibited a cobblestone morphology at confluence, expressed factor Vlll-related antigen, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and endocytosed acetylated low-density lipoproteins. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of intracellular Weibel-Palade bodies and caveolae and microvillous projections on the luminal surface. Glomerular cells also stained positive for Ulex europaeus, a lectin characteristic of human endothelial cells. In addition, preliminary results indicate that human glomerular endothelial cells increase intracellular cyGMP in response to α-human 5 to 28 atrial natriuretic peptide and intracellular free calcium in response to thrombin.
Specifically altered metaphase chromosomes in antifolate-resistant Chinese hamster cells that overproduce dihydrofolate reductase☆

Abstract Specific karyotype alterations are described which occur in 16 different antifolate-resistant Chinese hamster sublines with increases in target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase activity ranging from 2.9- to 281-fold. Sublines were selected with either methotrexate or methasquin and exhibit a complex set of relationship between increase in resistance and increase in target enzyme activity. Drug resistant sublines generally contain one or the other of two types of abnormally banding chromosome regions as revealed by the Giemsa-banding method. In those cell lines with less than a 50-fold increase in dihydrofolate reductase activity there are long segments with distinctly abnormal band patterns. In sublines with greater than 85-fold increases in enzyme activity, cells contain a long, homogeneously staining region (HSR). HSRs comprise 2 to 5% of the total metaphase chromosome complement. The specific, abnormally banding regions are a consistent feature of the antifolate-resistant sublines. There is usually 1 per cell, preferentially located on the long arm of a chromosome #2. Results of experiments with cloned, HSR-containing cells maintained for about 2 years in antifolate-free growth medium indicate a quantitative relationship between length of the HSR and levels of drug resistance and dihydrofolate reductase activity; there was a parallel decline in these three parameters with time in culture.
Simulated Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Deformation under Quasi-Static Loading

For more than 40 years, the replacement of diseased natural heart valves with prosthetic devices has dramatically extended the quality and length of the lives of millions of patients worldwide. However, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) continue to fail due to structural failure resulting from poor tissue durability and faulty design. Clearly, an in-depth understanding of the biomechanical behavior of BHV at both the tissue and functional prosthesis levels is essential to improving BHV design and to reduce rates of failure. In this study, we simulated quasi-static BHV leaflet deformation under 40, 80, and 120 mm Hg quasi-static transvalvular pressures. A Fung-elastic material model was used that incorporated material parameters and axes derived from actual leaflet biaxial tests and measured leaflet collagen fiber structure. Rigorous experimental validation of predicted leaflet strain field was used to validate the model results. An overall maximum discrepancy of 2.36% strain between the finite element (FE) results and experiment measurements was obtained, indicating good agreement between computed and measured major principal strains. Parametric studies utilizing the material parameter set from one leaflet for all three leaflets resulted in substantial variations in leaflet stress and strain distributions. This result suggests that utilization of actual leaflet material properties is essential for accurate BHV FE simulations. The present study also underscores the need for rigorous experimentation and accurate constitutive models in simulating BHV function and design.
Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate cell proliferation and induce genetic instability, and their increase in cancer cells is often viewed as an adverse event. Here, we show that such abnormal increases in ROS can be exploited to selectively kill cancer cells using beta-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Oncogenic transformation of ovarian epithelial cells with H-Ras(V12) or expression of Bcr-Abl in hematopoietic cells causes elevated ROS generation and renders the malignant cells highly sensitive to PEITC, which effectively disables the glutathione antioxidant system and causes severe ROS accumulation preferentially in the transformed cells due to their active ROS output. Excessive ROS causes oxidative mitochondrial damage, inactivation of redox-sensitive molecules, and massive cell death. In vivo, PEITC exhibits therapeutic activity and prolongs animal survival.
Theory of the Dispersion and Absorption of Helium

I. Herzfeld and Wolf were able to conclude from the behavior of the refractive index of helium in the visible spectrum that the continuous absorption of the gas below the 507A series limit plays an essential part in producing the observed refractivity. II. The present investigation involves a quantum mechanical calculation of the actual strength of this continuum, and also of the resonance line at 584A. As a by-product, the atomic absorption coefficient for x-rays is computed. III. The accuracy of the calculations is discussed. The 30 percent deviation from the present value of Vinti's value for the strength of the resonance line is accounted for. IV. The $f$ sum rule is verified to 2 percent and the experimental refractive index is checked within 3 percent. V. It is discussed why the continuous spectrum is relatively so much stronger in helium than in hydrogen and the alkali metals.
Hi Grandpa!: A communication Tool Connecting Grandparents and Grandchildren Living Apart

Communication between Asian grandparents and their overseas grandchildren has been impeded by an imbalance in technology adoption. We used a combined method of user research, survey, and user-centered design to address this problem. Considering user experience of two different end-users in this interaction process, we designed a digital inbox connected with a mobile application as a final design. We intended to increase communication frequency between family members, and also to cross between traditional media and current technology, as well as cultures.
EM algorithm reconstruction of particle size distributions from diffusion battery data

Abstract The EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm is presented as a novel method of reconstructing ultrafine particle size distributions from diffusion battery data. The algorithm is an iterative technique for finding maximum-likelihood estimates for grouped particle size distributions. Diffusion battery data were simulated with noise and reconstructions were performed using the EM algorithm and three other methods. In each case the goal was to retrieve known test distributions. Comparison of the reconstructed distributions demonstrated the superiority of the EM algorithm for retrieving particle size information from Poisson-distributed data. The EM algorithm is statistically sound, mathematically simple, and does not require smoothing parameters nor does it impose unnecessary constraints on the solution vector. Due to the algorithm's inherent characteristics, non-negativity and unique convergence of the solution vector are guaranteed.
Novel technique for sleep apnea monitoring

Sleep Apnea is a well-documented and chronic problem that can result in various life threatening disorders. Detecting and diagnosing sleep apnea requires a long duration sleep study that makes use of various sensor based monitors. The need for long duration sleep studies at a special care provider facility and lack of simple portable monitors result in many undiagnosed cases. In this paper, we have proposed and implemented a low cost, self-powered, sleep apnea monitor that detects apnea episodes using simple body mounted sensors. The entire system is powered by RF energy that is fetched from the ambient environment.
Using small-scale studies to prioritize threats and guide recovery of a rare hemiparasitic plant: Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis.

Background Recovering endangered species would benefit from identifying and ranking of the factors that threaten them. Simply managing for multiple positive influences will often aid in recovery; however, the relative impacts of multiple threats and/or interactions among them are not always predictable. We used a series of experiments and quantitative observational studies to examine the importance of five potential limiting factors to the abundance of a state-listed endangered hemiparasitic annual forb, Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis (C.r.l., California, USA): host availability, mammalian herbivores, insect seed predators, fire suppression, and exotic species. While this initial assessment is certainly not a complete list, these factors stem from direct observation and can inform provisional recommendations for management and further research. Methodology and Principal Findings Studies were conducted at five sites and included assessments of the influence of host availability, exotic species, exclusion of mammalian herbivores and insect seed predators on C.r.l. productivity, and simulated effects of fire on seed germination. C.r.l. was limited by multiple threats: individuals with access to host species produced up to three times more inflorescences than those lacking hosts, mammalian herbivory reduced C.r.l. size and fecundity by more than 50% and moth larvae reduced seed production by up to 40%. Litter deposition and competition from exotic plant species also appears to work in conjunction with other factors to limit C.r.l. throughout its life cycle. Conclusions and Significance The work reported here highlights the contribution that a series of small-scale studies can make to conservation and restoration. Taken as a whole, the results can be used immediately to inform current management and species recovery strategies. Recovery of C.r.l. will require management that addresses competition with exotic plant species, herbivore pressure, and availability of preferred host species.
Design, fabrication, and field-test performance of slug-type diamond-compacts oil bits

As part of the General Electric Company's efforts to obtain design and application data for oil and gas well drill bits using the STRATAPAX blank product, a series of slug-type bits were fabricated and tested in both the laboratory and field. This paper describes the design and fabrication techniques employed. Field test data and results are presented and a summary of design modifications and improvements incorporated in the newest bit is included. 13 figures.
The first ten years of rheumatic infection in childhood.

Abstract The results of a follow-up study of 547 children who were observed for a ten-year period following the onset of rheumatic infection have been presented. At termination of the initial attack, 59.2 per cent showed evidence of the presence of rheumatic heart disease. Of 219 individuals with no clinical evidence of heart disease at termination of their first attack, 76.7 per cent still showed no evidence of heart disease ten years after onset. Only 5 per cent of this group with potential heart disease at onset had died of rheumatic infection or bacterial endocarditis. Of 318 individuals with rheumatic heart disease at onset, thirty (9.4 per cent) showed disappearance of signs of cardiac inyoly ment. Of this group with rheumatic heart disease at onset, 42.1 per cent had died of rheumatic infection or bacterial endocarditis. The most significant prognostic factor, in so far as the initial illness is concerned, is related to the presence or absence of obvious signs of cardiac damage. Chorea at onset is relatively benign because it is less likely to be associated with carditis than is polyarthritis or other types or rheumatic infection. Ten years after onset, 60.3 per cent of these rheumatic individuals were leading a normal existence with little or no limitation of activity. The majority of individuals presenting no functional incapacity, however, were those who showed no clinical evidence of heart disease at the termination of the initial attack. Twenty-four and four-tenths per cent of the total group had died of rheumatic infection, the predominant number of deaths occurring among those in whom a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease had been made following recovery from the first attack. Death had occurred in only 5 per cent of the group in whom an original diagnosis of potential heart disease had been made, in comparison with a death rate of 42 per cent among those diagnosed as having rheumatic heart disease at onset.
The preferential use of the external iliac artery as an inflow source for redo femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal bypass.

Abstract Purpose: It is believed that secondary operations involving the inguinal region are associated with a significant morbidity that includes infection, lymphatic obstruction, lymphorrhea, and neurovascular injury. To prevent these potentially important complications we have avoided a redo groin incision in 38 patients with severely symptomatic disease who had primary (23 cases) or secondary (15 cases) femoropopliteal bypass thrombosis during the past 3 years. Methods: All patients were candidates for prosthetic bypasses because of lack of a suitable vein. Twenty-nine external iliac-to-popliteal bypasses (18 above-knee; 11 below-knee) and nine external iliac-to-infrapopliteal bypasses (five anterior tibial; two posterior tibial; two peroneal) were performed with 6 mm polytetrafluoroethylene ringed grafts in 38 patients. Adjunctive distal arteriovenous fistulas were constructed in all infrapopliteal bypasses. The external iliac artery was exposed via a retroperitoneal approach. The second incision was placed just below the scarred area and deepened to the level of the medial border of the sartorius muscle. A tunnel that connected both incisions was easily created by blunt dissection alongside the anterolateral border of the femoral artery. Results: Four popliteal bypasses occluded at 4, 6, 10, and 28 months after operation. The remaining 25 grafts are patent (mean 14 months). Three of the infrapopliteal bypasses occluded at 0, 2, and 3 months after operation. The remaining six grafts are patent with follow-up from 4 to 18 months (mean 12 months). Only one patient had a superficial wound infection at the below-knee popliteal incision, which healed with local treatment. All other patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusions: Thus we believe this approach to be simple, safe, and durable and should be used preferentially to avoid the difficult and hazardous dissection of a previously operated groin. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:234-41.)
On the high voltage behaviour of STM distance-voltage characteristics

Abstract We investigate the recent claim that a linear extrapolation from high bias voltages of a “blunt tip” STM distance-voltage characteristic should pass through the origin. We find both analytically and numerically that this is not true in general, even in the absence of three dimensional effects. This is unfortunate because it would have provided a simple and direct method for determining absolute vacuum gaps. However, our calculations indicate that within one dimensional tunnelling theory linear extrapolation from high voltages gives a voltage intercept at zero vacuum gap that differs by twice the difference in electrode work functions from the corresponding intercept obtained upon bias reversal. Hence, if the distance-voltage characteristics for both positive and negative bias have well defined linear regions at high voltages, free of significant contributions from Gundlach oscillations and three dimensional effects, it is still possible to obtain a good estimate of the absolute vacuum gap by extrapolation, provided the work functions are known and the bias can be reversed without the STM tip losing station.
A Course Grain Model of Histones and DNA in the Nucleosome

There have been significant advances and interest in developing coarse grained models of DNA based on elastic rod theories. These models have focused largely on describing the physical-mechanical behavior of the DNA itself, without protein. Here we utilize coarse-grain models for both DNA and protein molecules to investigate the interaction of DNA with protein-complexes. We have focused our attention on the level of detail required in the coarse graining to achieve large scale deformations of the DNA. For this purpose we have chosen the nucleosome, a histone-DNA complex as our example system because (a) there is significant deformation of DNA in the bound state as compared to the free state (i.e., 1.7 turns of a superhelix), (b) the DNA in the complex is on the order of one persistence length, and (c) there are no sequence specific contacts between the protein and the DNA. These three features perhaps make this system a right candidate to be described by the physical-mechanical behavior of DNA.In our model of the nucleosome the DNA is represented, numerically, as a continuous elastic rod with a continuous charge distribution interacting with a multipolar representation of the electrostatic potential for the nucleosome's histone core. A contact (non-penetration) constraint is also included to account for the histone excluded volume. Using this model we investigate the physical basis of superhelical formation and the dependency of nucleosome stability on DNA sequence.
Letter to the Editor: The Distribution of Brush Border Peptidases along the Small Intestine of the Adult Human

Letter to the Editor: The Distribution of Brush Border Peptidases along the Small Intestine of the Adult Human
Equations governing the energy-momentum tensor of a system of charged particles

Abstract In this paper the equations governing the energy, momentum, and angular momentum of a system of charged particles in motion are obtained as a series in inverse powers of c . The mass motion and time-symmetric part of the retarded electromagnetic field are shown to contribute to these equations a total time derivative which is an even power series in c −1 . The radiation-reaction terms of O ( c −5 ) are evaluated and discussed as a prototype for higher order, odd power terms in the asymptotic expansions of the equations.
Do Statins Impair Cognition? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND In 2012, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning regarding potential adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on cognition, based on the Adverse Events Reporting System and a review of the medical literature. We aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes.
Expanding our understanding of marketing in society

The Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science was started 40 years ago, at a time when “marketing in society” issues were capturing much attention from marketing scholars. Since that time both the field and this journal have grown and matured, but the marketing in society area has become somewhat removed from the dominant perspectives of marketing scholarship. This paper provides an historical perspective on these developments and offers an examination of the fundamental role of societal interests in our field. Six basic topics are explored: (1) the hundred years of history of marketing thought development, as reflected in the “4 Eras” of marketing thought; (2) the ebbs and flows of attention to marketing in society topics during these 4 Eras; (3) two illustrations of difficulties brought about by this area’s move to sideline status in the field; (4) our concept of the “aggregate marketing system” as a basis for appreciating the centrality of this research area for the field of marketing; (5) the nature of marketing in society research today; and (6) a discussion of several research challenges and opportunities for the future.
What’s it like when the participatory evaluator is a “genuine” stakeholder?

Abstract In this reflective, analytic story I discuss what it is like to be a parent and an evaluator in a participatory, democratic evaluation of an afterschool program. The story tells of tensions between these roles, and how these tensions can instruct participatory evaluators in pursuing goals of democracy, community, and justice in evaluation. This discussion can be situated among a number of recent articles in AJE that have focused on analyses of participatory or empowerment evaluation. (See Schnoes, Murphy-Berman, & Chambers, 2000 ; and the exchanges between Smith 1999 , Cousins and Earl 1999 .)
Dynamic covariance equations for hinged wavemakers

Abstract The squared modulus of the theoretical dimensionless frequency response functions for the wavemaker stroke spectrum, |Hs (ω)|2, and for the wavemaker hydrodynamic pressure moment spectrum, |HM (ω)|2, were verified experimentally for hinged wavemakers of variable-draft in the Oregon State Wave Research Facility (OSU-WRF). The random motions of the hinged wavemaker that were employed in the experimental studies were synthesized on a mini-computer from two types of two-parameter theoretical design wave spectra by a unique inverse stacked finite Fourier transform algorithm. The dimensionless frequency response function for the hydrodynamic pressure moment about the wavemaker hinge was not measured directly; but was instead estimated from the dynamic covariance equations for a hinged wavemaker of variable-draft through a linear combination of related dimensionless frequency response functions and cross-spectral estimates. The measured estimates for these two theoretical dimensionless frequency response functions are shown to compare favourably with the analytical values. The use of the theoretical dimensionless frequency response functions for the stoachastic design of hinged wavemakers of variable-draft now appears to be experimentally justified by these unique measurements of hydrodynamic pressure moment spectra on hinged wavemakers.
Ethical and Legal Standards in Social Work: Consistency and Conflict

Social workers frequently encounter circumstances involving ethical and legal issues. In many instances, relevant ethical and legal standards complement each other; however, in some circumstances, ...
A Simple Approximate Semi-analytical Solution for Estimating Leakage of Carbon Dioxide Through Faults☆

Abstract Assuring CO2 storage security is essential for the widespread implementation of carbon capture and sequestration. Appraising the potential for leakage through faults in seals is an important component of site screening, assessment, and selection. The focus of this study is to understand and quantify the potential rates of CO2 leakage via faults and fractures which could provide fluid migration pathways from the storage reservoir to overlying aquifers. Several analytical solutions exist for estimating rates of fluid migration between reservoirs via faults or leaky wells [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] . However, there is little focus on leakage up finite length faults. Here we present a new semi-analytical approximate solution for CO2 leakage through a finite length fault zone that relies on a derivation similar to that of calculating the single phase flow rate through a series of units. Under many conditions, this solution provides a good first order estimation of the amount of CO2 that leaks into the overlying aquifer relative to the amount of CO2 injected into the system with only basic knowledge of system geometry and permeability values. Detailed sensitivity analysis of simulation models was performed in order to understand which fault and reservoir parameters most strongly influence leakage rates of CO2 from storage reservoirs. Based on this analysis the three most important parameters were, in order of sensitivity, reservoir permeability, fault permeability and aquifer permeability. With these results, a semi- analytical approximation was developed which relies almost entirely on these permeabilities and the geometry of the system (ie. reservoir and aquifer height, fault thickness, etc.) While this solution does not incorporate multiphase fluid flow properties, it still provides a good approximation for CO2 leakage from a saline aquifer especially when the relative permeability characteristic curves result in mobility ratios near one for typical CO2 saturation values in the plume, which is common for Brooks-Corey relative permeability curves and viscosity ratios for supercritical CO2 and brine at reservoir conditions. Results from this semi- analytical solution are compared to over 50 different numerical models with different fault geometries and locations and a wide range of permeability values for the reservoir, fault and overlying aquifer. Overall, leakage predictions from the analytical solution compare very well with the numerical simulations. The approximation improves when faults are assumed to have no capillary pressure however many cases with capillary pressure are examined. Finally, the approximation is more accurate at lower leakage rates (leakage
Analysis of alcohol-related phenotypes in F2 progeny derived from FH/Wjd and ACI/N rat strains reveals independent measures and sex differences

Abstract Ethanol associated addictive behaviors are governed by a combination of multiple gene action (polygenic or quantitative trait) and environmental factors. We produced F2 progeny from F1 crosses derived from the alcohol-preferring Fawn-Hooded (FH/Wjd) rat strain and the alcohol-nonpreferring ACI/N strain. We compared different phenotypes related to alcohol intake in more than 600 F2 progeny. We found that female rats had significantly higher mean voluntary and forced ethanol, water, saccharin and total fluid intakes than male rats. Therefore, we compared these measures in the top 15th percentile with those in bottom 15th percentile of the F2 total ethanol intake distribution separately for males and females. The two tail comparison of means showed that only the trait of alcohol preference differed significantly in both males and females, suggesting that alcohol preference is closely related to alcohol intake. Because of the detailed information about the F1 parents of the F2 progeny, it was possible to determine parental effects. For swim test immobility, for example, the F2 progeny derived from FA(m)/FA(f) parents (ACI maternal inheritance) had the lowest mean value of 130 s while the F2 progeny from AF/AF parents (FH maternal inheritance) had the highest mean value of 157 s ( p p
Output feedback variable structure control design

This paper describes a procedure for variable structure output feedback control (VSOFC) for a class of multivariable linear time-invariant systems. The equivalent control method of Utkin in the output feedback mode yields a reduced-order system exhibiting output feedback equivalent dynamics. Using the Kimura-Davison sufficient conditions for pole-placement using output feedback, a sufficient condition is derived to assign the eigenvalues of the 'reduced'-order system. The observability and controllability of the reduced system is discussed. Two switching surface design algorithms are introduced based on both a static output feedback and on an eigenstructure assignment techniques. A control design is discussed as well.
MHC class I chain-related gene a (MICA) in unrelated donor transplantation

We thank Anderson et al for their questions regarding our report.[1][1] In brief, they failed to observe an association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain–related gene A (MICA) mismatches and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The studies, however, have differences in design.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Sleep apnea in infants

Abstract Infancy is a developmental period characterized by instability of the control of breathing. Apneas of short duration are common, mostly central, and more frequent during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Obstructive apneas are rare in healthy control infants. Triggering factors such as respiratory syncitial virus infection can increase the frequency and the duration of apneas. Upper airway problems related to bone malformations, soft tissue infiltration, and neurologic lesions are responsible for obstructive apneas, but also for episodes of partial airway obstruction or upper airway resistance syndrome. In certain infants, an apparent-life-threatening event has been related to upper airway anomalies. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, a rare respiratory control disorder, may be presented by apneas. Polysomnography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered-breathing in infants. Early diagnosis of abnormal breathing during sleep is of critical importance for the neurocognitive development in infants.
An approximate density of states curve and its relation to the measured electrical resistivity of gold-palladium alloys

States density in vicinity of Fermi surface obtained from values of paramagnetic susceptibility for gold-palladium alloys
Aesthetes in the marketplace: Collectors in the gun business

Marketplaces can provide settings for the appreciation of beauty and the creation of community. The author examines how gun collectors who buy and sell guns continue to see themselves as aesthetes rather than dealers. Gun collector-dealers turn economic encounters at commercial gun shows into occasions for teaching others the symbolic uses of guns — as artifacts, curios, andobjets d'art. Economic relations can produce aesthetic value even when the objects exchanged are conventionally defined as symbols of violence and not beauty.
Decomposition in forest and fallow subarctic soils

Large-scale argicultural development in high latitude regions could lead to large losses of soil C due to accelerated decomposition. Changes in decomposition rates of forest floor material upon land clearing in interior Alaska were simulated by measuring, over a 2-year period, changes in mass, cellulose, lignin, and N of forest floor materials and in mass of filter papers and wood in a forest floor and a fallowed field. All materials decomposed slowly at the surface, with about 90% of the original weight remaining after 2 years. Decomposition rates were higher for materials buried in the field than the forest. Cellulose loss in forest floor materials closely followed mass loss, whereas lignin loss was not significant. However, weight loss of wood was rapid when buried in the field, with about 20% of the initial mass remaining after 2 years. Relationships between mass loss of buried forest floor materials and soil degree days were significant (r=70%–80%). Temperature was a major, but not the only factor, controlling decomposition rates. Forest floor materials showed significant N losses, indicating net N mineralization and that N deficiency was not a factor affecting decomposition. C loss to the atmosphere due to decomposition of forest floor materials after forest clearing will be minimal and similar to that in the undisturbed forest if left on the soil surface, but will be substantial if incorportated into the soil. Incorporation is necessary for cropping; thus some accelerated decomposition is unavoidable in clearing subarctic forests for cultivation.
Alcohol ingestion and temperature regulation during cold exposure

Outdoor or wilderness activities are sometimes combined with the ingestion of alcoholic beverages. Despite the feeling of warmth induced by alcohol ingestion, it is widely believed that alcohol actually causes a decrease in body core temperature and increases the risk of hypothermia during cold exposure. However, the literature on the effects of alcohol ingestion on thermoregulation is conflicting. This review summarizes the scientific findings concerning this topic and identifies a number of confounding factors that may explain the conflicting observations. These factors include quantity of alcohol ingested, severity of the cold stress, nutritional state of the individual, composition of the drink, body composition of the individual and alcohol tolerance of the individual. When these factors are considered, it appears that (1) alcohol acts as a poikilothermic agent, causing a reduction in body core temperature during cold exposure, with the magnitude of reduction related to blood alcohol concentration, (2) the severity of cold and the individual's body composition modify the thermoregulatory effects of alcohol, and (3) hypoglycemia greatly exacerbates the reduction in body temperature caused by alcohol ingestion. Furthermore, the primary mechanism by which alcohol ingestion exacerbates the fall in body core temperature during cold exposure appears to be via an impairment of shivering thermogenesis resulting from alcohol-induced hypoglycemia, rather than by increasing heat dissipation via vasodilation as commonly believed.
Inelastic Compression Legging Produces Gradient Compression and Significantly Higher Skin Surface Pressures Compared with an Elastic Compression Stocking

The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate compression levels beneath an inelastic legging equipped with a new pressure-adjustment system, (2) compare the inelastic compression levels with those provided by a well-known elastic stocking, and (3) evaluate each support's gradient compression production. Eighteen subjects without venous reflux and 12 patients with previously documented venous reflux received elastic and inelastic compression supports sized for the individual. Skin surface pressures under the elastic (Sigvaris 500, 30-40 mm Hg range, Sigvaris, Inc., Peachtree City, GA) and inelastic (CircAid C3 with Built-in-Pressure System [BPS], CircAid Medical Products, San Diego, CA) supports were measured using a calibrated Tekscan I-Scan device (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA). The elastic stocking produced significantly lower skin surface pressures than the inelastic legging. Mean pressures (+/- standard error) beneath the elastic stocking were 26 +/- 2 and 23 +/- 1 mm Hg at the ankle and below-knee regions, respectively. Mean pressures (+/- standard error) beneath the inelastic legging with the BPS were 50 +/- 3 and 38 +/- 2 mm Hg at the ankle and below-knee regions, respectively. Importantly, our study indicates that only the inelastic legging with the BPS produces significant ankle to knee gradient compression (p = .001).