cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurate crystal molecular dynamics simulations using particle-mesh-Ewald: RNA dinucleotides — ApU and GpC

Abstract Long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for two crystal RNA dinucleotides ApU (2.0 ns) and GpC (1.5 ns) were performed, starting from the crystallographic positions of all heavy atoms in the crystals. By employing the particle-mesh-Ewald algorithm [Darden et al., J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 10089] to accommodate the long-range Coulomb interactions, highly accurate MD structures were obtained for both crystals. The instantaneous root-mean-square positional deviations of the heavy atoms equilibrate at approximately 0.4 A for both systems, while the experimental and calculated temperature factors are comparable in size. These results describe the first successful crystal MD simulation of RNA molecules.
Screening and ranking framework for geologic CO2 storage site selection on the basis of health, safety, and environmental risk

A screening and ranking framework (SRF) has been developed to evaluate potential geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage sites on the basis of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risk arising from CO2 leakage. The approach is based on the assumption that CO2 leakage risk is dependent on three basic characteristics of a geologic CO2 storage site: (1) the potential for primary containment by the target formation; (2) the potential for secondary containment if the primary formation leaks; and (3) the potential for attenuation and dispersion of leaking CO2 if the primary formation leaks and secondary containment fails. The framework is implemented in a spreadsheet in which users enter numerical scores representing expert opinions or published information along with estimates of uncertainty. Applications to three sites in California demonstrate the approach. Refinements and extensions are possible through the use of more detailed data or model results in place of property proxies.
Welcome to nonlinearity in biology, toxicology and medicine.

This journal was created to provide a professional research focus to enhance understandings of dose-response relationships with particular, but not exclusive, focus on nonlinear dose-response relationships. Many journals, of course, deal with dose-response relationships both directly and indirectly within their aims and scopes. However, I believe that this new journal will be unique with its exclusive focus on understanding the nature of dose-response relationships, their mechanistic foundations, their common and unique features, and their broader biological and population-based interpretations. To date, dose-response relationships have been generally dealt with as concrete phenomena set within specific scientific disciplines. As valuable as this ongoing historical approach has been in discipline building, it has gradually contributed to a type of discipline-specific isolation and in some cases unique, and, indeed, confusing terminology. The net result is that over time there has developed less appreciation for cross-disciplinary efforts to account for dose-response relationships, and therefore less progress has occurred in this area. The new journal, Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine, hopes to counter this trend by strongly encouraging researchers from all biologically oriented disciplines dealing with dose-response relationships to submit their dose-response manuscripts into a genuine interdisciplinary setting. It is expected that this truly interdisciplinary approach to the exploration of the nature of the dose-response relationship will yield unique advances at a considerably faster rate than is currently the case. It is my belief that such research needs the intellectual firepower of a broad array of interacting scientific disciplines — and not confined as is currently the case to the discipline the researchers call their own — be it toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, biostatistics, radiation biology, or others. Consequently, a lively, interdisciplinary and uniquely insightful journal on the nature of the dose response is promised. I strongly encourage you to consider Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine as a dynamic vehicle for publication of your manuscripts that will push back the boundaries of understanding the dose-response relationship.
Rapid method for detection of lactose fermenting oral microorganisms.

Abstract A rapid inexpensive assay for lactose fermentation which can be performed on individual colonies in situ and which does not negate subcultivation is described. The assay is based on the ability of bacterial β-galactosidase to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUG) and form 4-methylumbelliferone, a compound which is brightly fluorescent under long-wave ultraviolet light. 1% MUG in dimethyl sulfoxide was stable at room temperature for at least 21 days. Maximal MUG fluorescence reactions required viable bacterial cultures. The MUG test represents a convenient means to distinguish the lactose-negative Bacteroides intermedius and Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, both suspected major periodontopathogens, from the lactose-positive Bacteroides melaninogenicus group and Haemophilus aphrophilus, organisms of little or no periodontopathic significance. The MUG test may also greatly help in distinguishing lactose from nonlactose fermenting organisms of nonoral origin.
Do Economists' and Financial Markets' Perspectives on the New Members of the EU Differ?

In the past several years, the ten new Central and Eastern European members of the European Union have enjoyed rapid growth but frequently alongside growing external imbalances. Economists have pointed to rising vulnerabilities, but markets compressed sovereign bond yields. This paper examines the evidence from the perspective of economists' vulnerability analysis and markets' pricing of sovereign bonds. It finds that spread are lower than can be explained by fundamentals and speculates on the causes and permanence of this yield compression.
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum: comparison of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities in adults.

Abstract 1. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in paired adult Schistosoma mansoni is about twice as great as in paired adult Schistosoma japonicum . 2. 2. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity accounts for 25.8% of the measured production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in S. japonicum but only 8.6% of the measured production of NADPH in S. mansoni . 3. 3. These data suggest a species difference in 6-phosphogluconate metabolism.
Measurement of co- and cross-polarized Raman spectra in silica fiber for small detunings: erratum

We report measurement of co- and cross-polarized Raman gain spectra at the zero-dispersion wavelength of standard dispersion-shifted fiber for detunings down to 0.17 THz (5.7cm-1) on both Stokes and anti-Stokes sides by using a photon-counting technique. This technique separates the Raman scattering from the four-photon scattering. In addition, the use of a pulsed pump eliminates Brillouin scattering and the use of a Sagnac loop rejects the pump photons that spectrally spread into the detection band due to self-phase-modulation.
Distinguishing the Interactions in the Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Binding Site of Human Liver Pyruvate Kinase That Contribute to Allostery

In the study of allosteric proteins, understanding which effector–protein interactions contribute to allosteric activation is important both for designing allosteric drugs and for understanding allosteric mechanisms. The antihyperglycemic target, human liver pyruvate kinase (hL-PYK), binds its allosteric activator, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP), such that the 1′-phosphate interacts with side chains of Arg501 and Trp494 and the 6′-phosphate interacts with Thr444, Thr446, Ser449 (i.e., the 444–449 loop), and Ser531. Additionally, backbone atoms from the 527–533 loop interact with a sugar ring hydroxyl and the two effector phosphate moieties. An effector analogue series indicates that only one phosphate on the sugar is required for activation. However, singly phosphorylated sugars, including Fru-1-P and Fru-6-P, bind with a Kix in the range of 0.07–1 mM. The second phosphate of Fru-1,6-BP causes tight effector binding, because this native effector has a Kix of 0.061 μM. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and ...
The biochemistry and control of enzymatic browning

Abstract Half of the world's fruit and vegetable crops is lost due to postharvest deteriorative reactions. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), found in most fruit and vegetables, is responsible for enzymatic browning of fresh horticultural products, following bruising, cutting or other damage to the cell. Chemical methods for controlling enzymatic browning include the use of sodium bisulfite, ascorbic acid and/or packaging under controlled atmospheres. Current approaches to understanding and controlling enzymatic browning are presented in this review article, with special focus on the use of antisense RNA as a control method.
Specificity of Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid by Alkaline Phytase from Lily Pollen

Phytases are the primary enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of phytic acid, myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (I-1,2,3,4,5,6-P6). A number of phytases with varying specificities, properties, and localizations hydrolyze phytic acid present in cells. The specificity of hydrolysis of phytic acid by alkaline phytase from lily (Lilium longiflorum L.) pollen is described. Structures of the intermediate inositol phosphates and the final product were established by a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (1H-, 31P-, and 31P-1H-detected multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy, and total correlation spectroscopy). On the basis of the structures identified we have proposed a scheme of hydrolysis of phytic acid. Initial hydrolysis of the phosphate ester occurs at the D-5 position of phytic acid to yield the symmetrical I-1,2,3,4,6-P5. The two subsequent dephosphorylations occur adjacent to the D-5 hydroxyl group to yield I-1,2,3-P3 as the final product. Alkaline phytase differs from other phytases in the specificity of hydrolysis of phosphate esters on the inositol ring, its high substrate specificity for phytic acid, and biochemical properties such as susceptibility to activation by calcium and inhibition by fluoride. The physiological significance of alkaline phytase and the biological role of I-1,2,3-P3 remain to be identified.
Turbulence measurements in nonpenetrative thermal convection

Nonpenetrative thermal convection at Ra=2×107 in a water layer of large‐aspect ratio has been studied using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure two‐dimensional velocity vectors in a vertical plane. A sequence of 117 PIV photographs has been obtained with sufficient time separation between photographs to ensure statistical independence at least for the turbulent motions with time scales on the order of z*/w*. The grid spacing of the resulting velocity fields is adequate to resolve the smallest structures in the flow. Results include the development of motion with the onset of heating. The data set, obtained for fully developed turbulent flow, has been analyzed to obtain mean and rms velocities, vertical velocity skewness, two‐point correlations, and stochastic estimates of velocity fields conditioned upon one and two‐point events. A significant result is the absence of a discernible large scale circulation or mean flow with length scale on the order of the horizontal dimension of the fluid layer. I...
Strain partitioning and crack-seal growth of chlorite-muscovite aggregates during progressive noncoaxial strain: an example from the slate belt of Taiwan

Abstract Chlorite—muscovite aggregates from the slate belt of southeastern Taiwan have an ellipsoidal geometry (~k = 1 on a Flinn diagram) with an aspect ratio a:c ranging from about 7:1 to 12:1 and a crystallographic preferred orientation with the basal planes of the chlorite and muscovite at a high angle to the slaty fabric in the rock. The principal axes of the aggregates are approximately coaxial with the principal finite strain directions determined from fibrous pressure shadows. In cleavage parallel sections, straight fibers parallel to the downdip mineral lineation record plane strain. In cleavage perpendicular sections, however, pressure shadows have curved fibers that are consistent with W-directed thrusting. We propose a model in which the chlorite-mica aggregates grow syntectonically by cracking of detrital chlorite grains parallel to the basal planes and precipitation of secondary chlorite and mica in the open cracks. This model involves (1) rotation of preexiting detrital chlorite grains during progressive noncoaxial deformation, (2) cracking of these grains parallel to the basal plane when the (001) planes rotate into the incremental shortening field, with nucleation and growth of secondary chlorite and muscovite in the open microcracks. As the aspect ratio increases, the grains stabilize in orientation, with the long axes (normal to the basal planes) at a small angle to the shear direction. Extension normal to (001) is also accompanied by some shortening parallel to (001), but with an overall increase in size of the aggregates. The final grain size is controlled by the cumulative displacement associated with crack-seal events. Microprobe analyses of both detrital and secondary chlorite grains show distinct compositional differences within individual grains perpendicular to (001), particularly in the detrital grains, which we interpret as primary and secondary chlorite, consistent with a primary-and-secondary origin for the aggregates.
Cancer Systems Biology

Cancer is a complex disease, resulting from system-wide interactions of biological processes rather than from any single underlying cause. The processes that drive all cancer development and progression have been termed the ‘hallmarks of cancer’. With the growth of large-scale measurements of numerous molecular and cellular properties, a new approach, cancer systems biology, to understanding the interrelationship between the hallmarks is presently being developed. Cancer systems biology focuses on systems-level analysis and presently strives to develop novel data integration and analysis techniques to model and infer cancer biology and treatment response.
Acute Burn Procedures

The early management of burn patients requires a set of supportive procedures in addition to excision and closure operations. Most supportive procedures related to vascular access, tracheostomy, and enteral feeding access are identical to those required by trauma patients and are not covered here. Unique to this group of patients are the decompression procedures generally required in the first 12 to 24 hours of care. Subsequently, acute excision and closure operations dominate patients' needs. These operations have evolved in recent years to be less ablative, less bloody, and less physiologically stressful.
The Role and Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: A View from the Top

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents behaviors that have increasingly strategic importance to many companies. CSR has been defined as a company's commitment to minimizing or eliminating any harmful effects on society and maximizing its long-term beneficial impact (Mohr, Webb, & Harris, 2001). The purpose of this paper is (a) to improve our understanding of how North American professional sport league executives view CSR and (b) to consider how CSR activities contribute to these leagues. Interviews with four senior league executives provide perspective as to the role and relevance of social responsibility in North American professional sport. The paper discusses the impact of leadership on CSR and relates the topics covered from institutional, strategic, and stakeholder perspectives.
Involvement of putative chemical wound signals in the induction of phenolic metabolism in wounded lettuce.

Cutting leaves of Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Longifolia) produces a wound signal that induces the synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in cells up to 2 cm from the site of injury, and tissue browning near the site of injury. The response of leaves within a head of Romaine lettuce to putative chemical wound signals [abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)] differed significantly with leaf age. Exposure of harvested heads of lettuce to ABA, JA, MeJA, or salicylic acid (SA) did not induce changes in PAL activity, the concentration of phenolic compounds or browning in mature leaf tissue that was similar to the level induced by wounding. Methyl jasmonate applied as vapour (10, 100 or 1000 ml kg-1 FW), or as an aqueous spray or dip (0.01-100 mM) at 5 or 10 degrees C did not produce an effect on PAL activity or browning that differed significantly from the untreated controls. In contrast, JA, MeJA and SA did induce elevated levels of PAL activity in younger leaves. However, the levels induced were far lower than those induced by wounding. Wound induced phenolic metabolism in mature leaves appears to be induced by different signals than those functioning in young leaves.
Fault-tolerant target detection in sensor networks

Fault-tolerant target detection and localization is a challenging task in collaborative sensor networks. The paper introduces our exploratory work toward identifying a stationary target in sensor networks with faulty sensors. We explore both spatial and temporal dimensions for data aggregation to decrease the false alarm rate and improve the target position accuracy. To filter out extreme measurements, the median of all readings in the close neighborhood is used to approximate the local observation to the target. The sensor whose observation is a local maximum computes a position estimate at each epoch. Results from multiple epochs are combined to decrease the false alarm rate further and improve the target localization accuracy. Our algorithms have low computation and communication overheads. A simulation study demonstrates the validity and efficiency of our design.
Transcriptional Control of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function

Mitochondria play central roles in energy homeostasis, metabolism, signaling, and apoptosis. Accordingly, the abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria are finely tuned to meet cellspecific energetic, metabolic, and signaling demands. This tuning is largely achieved at the level of transcriptional regulation. A highly interconnected network of transcription factors regulates a broad set of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, including those that control replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome. The same transcriptional network senses cues relaying cellular energy status, nutrient availability, and the physiological state of the organism and enables short- and long-term adaptive responses, resulting in adjustments to mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases. Characterization of the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function can offer insights into possible therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitochondrial function.
Mating and Sperm Storage of the Asian Shore Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus

ABSTRACT The Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus is the principal invasive crab in many intcrtidal habitats on the east coast of the United States between Cape Hatteras and Maine. Previous work has described general aspects of mating for the genus Hemigrapsus; however, there has been no explicit study of mating behavior in H. sanguineus, and there has been little consideration of how this behavior might influence the success of H. sanguineus as a bio-invader. The objective of our investigation was to document the mating behavior of H. sanguineus under laboratory conditions and compare this pattern of behavior with that of other species of Hemigrapsus. Our observations show that mating in H. sanguineus was always initiated by the male and that both the male and female had calcified exoskeletons at the time of copulation. Small males were sometimes successful in securing mates, even in the presence of larger males. However, the male was larger than the female in 67% of the observed copulations. Duration...
Density and Reproductive Success of California Towhees

Models of habitat selection commonly asume that higher-quality source habitats will be occupied at higher densities than sink habitats. We examined an apparent sink habitat for California Towhees (Pipilo crissalis) in which densities are greater than in nearby source habitats. We estimated territory density using spot-mapping and monitored nests of towhees in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodland habitat. Breeding density of California Towhees was higher in ungrazed oak-pine woodlands than in grazed areas, yet birds in the ungrazed site experienced lower reproductive success. Predation during the nestling period was primarily responsible for the lower nest success. Clutch size and the number of young fledged were also lower in the un- grazed site. Towhees selected nest sites with high foliage density and cover of live oaks (Quercus wislizenii) in the understory. Grazed sites had greater cover of live oak than ungrazed sites, and successful nests were more often built in live oak than in other plant species. This pattern could not be explained by dominant birds set- tling in grazed sites and excluding subdominant individuals because a large proportion of adults continued to settle in the ungrazed area. Towhees may have perceived the dense foliage of the ungrazed area as suitable due to abundant nest sites, cover, and food, resulting in an "ecological trap." The resulting high density of birds there may have contributed to density-dependent predation. Alternatively, towhees are not ideally adapted to their habitats because of their sedentary habits and site tenacity that is not affected by persistent nest loss. We stress the need to examine the reproductive success and productivity of individual species within specific habitat types.
Favorable survival associated with microsatellite instability in endometrioid endometrial cancers.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether microsatellite instability in endometrioid endometrial cancer is associated with favorable survival. Methods: Microsatellite instability analysis was performed in 131 patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer using three polymorphic markers in paired cancer and normal DNA. Logistic regression and multivariable analyses calculated the relation between microsatellite instability, clinical features, and survival. Results: Microsatellite instability was detected in 29 of 131 (22%) endometrioid endometrial cancers. There was no correlation between microsatellite instability and age, race, grade, stage, or depth of myometrial invasion. Microsatellite instability was associated with better survival in univariate and multivariable analyses after controlling for confounding influences (P = .03). The 5-year survival rate of those with microsatellite instability was 77% (95% confidence interval 55%, 90%) compared with only 48% (95% confidence interval 39%, 57%) in other cases. Microsatellite instability was associated with other molecular features that predict favorable outcome including PTEN mutation (P = .002) and the absence of p53 overexpression (P = .01). Conclusion: Microsatellite instability is a molecular alteration associated with favorable outcome in endometrioid endometrial cancers, even when accounting for other prognostic factors. This association might be explained by the finding that the pathway of molecular carcinogenesis characterized by loss of DNA mismatch repair favors alteration of genes that result in a less virulent clinical phenotype.
Tracing Cardiac Metabolism In Vivo: One Substrate at a Time

In the myocardial cell, a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions results in the efficient transfer of chemical energy into mechanical energy. The goals of this article are to emphasize the ability of noninvasive imaging techniques using isotopic tracers to detect the metabolic footprints of heart disease and to propose that cardiac metabolic imaging is more than a useful adjunct to current myocardial perfusion imaging studies. A strength of metabolic imaging is in the assessment of regional myocardial differences in metabolic activity, probing for 1 substrate at a time. We hope that new and developing methods of cardiac imaging will lead to the earlier detection of heart disease and improve the management and quality of life for patients afflicted with ischemic and nonischemic heart muscle disorders.
The detection of M-ary FSK signals in the wavelet domain (non-refereed)

This paper investigates the application of multi-resolution wavelet analysis to the problem of coherent detection of digital M-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) communication signals in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The proposed wavelet-based receiver computes the normalized cross correlation between the filtered wavelet coefficients of the received signal and the wavelet coefficients that correspond to the known transmitted FSK signals. Simulations are conducted comparing the wavelet receiver to the classical coherent FSK receiver.
A brief history of the psychology course in American high schools.

Psychology has been a part of the high school curriculum for the past 170 years in a variety of forms, in classes labeled mental and moral philosophy, mental hygiene, personal adjustment, child development, human relations, and psychology. This abbreviated and selective account traces that history, including the considerable role played by the American Psychological Association. This history focuses on the social and educational contexts that led to changes in the nature of high school psychology classes and concludes with comments about the value of precollege psychology classes.
Evaluation of diets for the development and reproduction of Franklinothrips orizabensis (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)

The suitability of ten diets for the development and reproduction of Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen, the key natural enemy of Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara, a pest of California grown avocados, was determined in the laboratory. The experimental diets evaluated were: (i) irradiated Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs; (ii) irradiated E. kuehniella eggs and avocado pollen; (iii) Tetranychus pacificus McGregor eggs; (iv) T. pacificus eggs and avocado pollen; (v) irradiated E. kuehniella eggs and T. pacificus eggs; (vi) irradiated E. kuehniella eggs, T. pacificus eggs and avocado pollen; (vii) Scirtothrips perseae; (viii) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche); (ix) avocado pollen; and (x) a young avocado leaf. Franklinothrips orizabensis larvae were unable to develop to adulthood on diets 9 and 10. The remaining eight diets supported complete development of F. orizabensis, but only diets 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 produced fecund females. On diet 5, F. orizabensis exhibited high larval to adult survivorship (90%), mated females exhibited highest daily and lifetime fecundity, and the progeny of mated females were female biased (53%). Analysis of jackknife estimates of net reproduction (R o ), intrinsic rate of increase (r m ), and finite rate of increase (� ) were all significantly greater for F. orizabensis reared on irradiated E. kuehniella eggs and T. pacificus eggs (i.e. diet 5) than corresponding values for other diets on which female F. orizabensis were able to complete development and reproduce. Incorporation of avocado pollen into diets had an adverse effect on demographic statistics for F. orizabensis, and low quality diets resulted in male biased sex ratios for this predator.
Sociality, individual fitness and population dynamics of yellow-bellied marmots

Social behaviour was proposed as a density-dependent intrinsic mechanism that could regulate an animal population by affecting reproduction and dispersal. Populations of the polygynous yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) fluctuate widely from year to year primarily driven by the number of weaned young. The temporal variation in projected population growth rate was driven mainly by changes in the age of first reproduction and fertility, which are affected by reproductive suppression. Dispersal is unrelated to population density, or the presence of the father; hence, neither of these limits population growth or acts as an intrinsic mechanism of population regulation; overall, intrinsic regulation seems unlikely. Sociality affects the likelihood of reproduction in that the annual probability of reproducing and the lifetime number of offspring are decreased by the number of older females and by the number of same-aged females present, but are increased by the number of younger adult females present. Recruitment of a yearling female is most likely when her mother is present; recruitment of philopatric females is much more important than immigration for increasing the number of adult female residents. Predation and overwinter mortality are the major factors limiting the number of resident adults. Social behaviour is not directed towards population regulation, but is best interpreted as functioning to maximize direct fitness.
Student Collaboration Integrating the Electronic Portfolio with Sakai Online Learning Technology to Assess Student Learning Outcomes for the Didactic Program in Dietetics

Text: Undergraduate dietetic students are challenged to demonstrate both academic and professional development in an increasingly competitive environment. Traditionally, students have maintained a hard copy Professional Portfolio beginning sophomore year until graduation. Beginning 2008, students enrolled in the course Professional Dietetics will be expected to use the electronic (e)-Portfolio-Sakai online learning technology to design their portfolio. A Faculty-Student Management Team comprised of the Dietetics Director, a Multimedia Associate, and six undergraduate dietetic students representing various academic levels participated in the development of the dietetics webinterface template to assess student outcome learning based on the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education’s knowledge and skills content areas. The team integrated the Sakai learning system to create an e-Portfolio matrix that enables documentation of student learning based upon faculty-defined student learning outcomes. To assist students in documentation of learning outcomes, the team identified six overarching domains: 1) professionalism and ethics, 2) disciplinary knowledge, 3) multifaceted communication, 4) multidisciplinary teamwork, 5) systematic analysis, and 6) experiential learning. Students are expected to upload faculty designated course assignments into respective domains, catalog their experiential learning activities, and practice reflective thinking about the impact these assignments and experiences have on their learning. The e-Portfolio matrix will allow students to creatively showcase their academic and professional achievements online and allow them to share the contents with a variety of audiences. The matrix will also provide faculty the ability to collect assessment data on student learning outcomes using a systematic, continuous methodology that will subsequently support future programmatic curricular improvements.
Billy Graham as American Religious and Cultural Symbol

Writing a biography challenges us in fundamental ways as scholars of religion, as historians, and as human beings. We are forced to reckon with the implicit and explicit theological commitments of religious persons, the ways they inhabited the world, the sometimes “strange country” that is the past, and the varied ways in which our subjects took for granted things by which we find ourselves and our age so troubled. While we may eschew “taking sides” in our attempts to be good scholars and under the noble goal of not wanting simplistically and reflexively to impose our contemporary moral judgments upon figures from the past, we cannot avoid discussing the moral choices historical actors made, assessing their prominence in their time, their influence on their broader surroundings, and their legacy beyond their times. All of these factors have great bearing on how we narrate the lives of historical figures and how we represent them in the present. James Baldwin's impassioned claim that it is with “great pain and terror [that] one begins to assess the history which has placed one where one is, and formed one's point of view” might sound a bit overly deterministic, but it is worth remembering when thinking self-consciously about how we critically assess and evaluate those about whom we write. Grant Wacker's new biography of Billy Graham, America's Pastor, invites the reader along to grasp more fully what this looks like as Wacker, a self-described “partisan of the same evangelical tradition Graham represented,” masterfully evokes and unfolds Graham as a shaper of public consciousness and a spokesperson for millions of “ordinary Americans.” This work possesses the virtues of the careful and considered reflections of a seasoned historian's analysis of the life of a famous religious leader who is deeply admired by many Americans. It is about the closest we will get to a full appreciation of Graham the man and Graham the icon.
Quantification of In Vivo Kinematics of Superficial Femoral Artery due to Hip and Knee Flexion Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The objective of this study is to quantify the in vivo kinematics of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) caused by hip and knee flexion by utilizing vascular and skeletal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and image processing methods. Seven male healthy volunteers (56 ± 5 years old) were imaged using contrast-enhanced MR angiography in the supine and bent-leg positions using a GE Signa Excite 1.5-T scanner. Coregistered SFA coordinates from these two body positions provide the relative motion of the SFA with respect to the femur as a result of hip and knee flexion. With 86 ± 6° hip and 39 ± 6° knee flexion angles, the proximal portion of the SFA moved significantly inferiorly while the distal portion of the SFA stayed immobile in relation to the femur due to hip and knee flexion. From the supine position to the bent-leg position, the top of the SFA moved 23.5 ± 7.0 mm closer to the bottom of the SFA (p < 0.05), resulting in shortening and buckling of the SFA. The differential translations of points along the SFA indicate shortening and buckling along the length of the vessel. They also indicate that the SFA is more tethered to the bony structures at the knee compared to the thigh. The in vivo SFA kinematics obtained in this study provides insight into the interaction between the SFA and the surrounding musculoskeletal structures.
The Fourier Transform and Mean Convergence

At the undergraduate level the Fourier transform is customarily studied by pointwise convergence, and only absolutely integrable functions are considered. In view of the importance of convergence in the mean and of the invariance of the integral of the absolute square under the Fourier transform, it would seem desirable to have a treatment of the Fourier transform in terms of convergence in the mean, still using only Riemann integrals, since ordinarily no other integral is known to undergraduates. The present paper presents such a treatment of two fundamental theorems, the invariance of the integral of the absolute square and the inversion theorem. Let us say that a (complex-valued) function f on the real axis is squareintegrable if f is (Riemann) integrable over every interval and IfI 2 is integrable over the whole real axis. The Fourier theory makes no distinction between functions fi and f2 which are equal at so many places that the integral of fi -f2 2 iS 0 (or, what amounts to the same thing, the integral of If1-f2| is 0). Hence such functions will be called equivalent. Properly speaking, the range and the domain of the transform are not functions, but equivalence classes of functions. But we follow custom in saying that the transformation maps functions on functions, and we "identify" any two equivalent functions. If f is square-integrable we define its norm to be
"May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections.

Most smokers become addicted to tobacco products before they are legally able to purchase these products. We systematically reviewed the literature on protocols to assess underage purchase and their ecological validity. We conducted a systematic search in May 2015 in PubMed and PsycINFO. We independently screened records for inclusion. We conducted a narrative review and examined implications of two types of legal authority for protocols that govern underage buy enforcement in the United States: criminal (state-level laws prohibiting sales to youth) and administrative (federal regulations prohibiting sales to youth). Ten studies experimentally assessed underage buy protocols and 44 studies assessed the association between youth characteristics and tobacco sales. Protocols that mimicked real-world youth behaviors were consistently associated with substantially greater likelihood of a sale to a youth. Many of the tested protocols appear to be designed for compliance with criminal law rather than administrative enforcement in ways that limited ecological validity. This may be due to concerns about entrapment. For administrative enforcement in particular, entrapment may be less of an issue than commonly thought. Commonly used underage buy protocols poorly represent the reality of youths' access to tobacco from retailers. Compliance check programs should allow youth to present themselves naturally and attempt to match the community’s demographic makeup.
The ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) redefined, with a description of a new genus Propodilobus

The myrmicine ant genus Stenamma Westwood is redefined and a new diagnosis of the worker caste is presented. Justified by both morphology and molecular data, two species are removed from Stenamma and transferred to the genus Lordomyrma Emery: L. bhutanensis (Baroni Urbani) comb. n. and L. sinensis (Ma, Xu, Makio & DuBois) comb. n. Based on compelling differences in morphology, a third species originally described in Stenamma is transferred to the genus Propodilobus gen. n.: P. pingorum (DuBois) comb. n. Molecular results also indicate that Stenamma, as newly defined here, is a monophyletic genus that forms a clade with Aphaenogaster Mayr and Messor Forel. Additional notes on the diversity and distributions of Stenamma, Lordomyrma, and Propodilobus are provided.
Efficacy and safety of Micro channel in ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy treatment in kidney stone

【Objective】To research the efficacy and the safety of micro channels in ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy. 【Methods】30 cases in 2012 January-2014 January according to digital arranged,and then,selected 15 cases for the observation group, 15 cases in the control group. For the 15 cases of gallstone patients of the observation group,used the micro channel of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for operation,however,15 patients in control group were treated by routine method. Then, analysed the relevant data and records. 【Results】After comparing blood urea nitrogen andblood muscle of the two groups of patients,we knew, the effection of the observation group was better than the control group. And,Compared the lumbar pain, hematuria,residual stones of the two groups of patients,the clinical effect of the observation group was better than control group effect.And, the patients in the two groups of data had significant difference(P0.05). 【Conclusion】The micro channel is an effective,scientific and safety method in the treatment of renal calculi in ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy,which is very important clinical significance for the effective treatment of renal calculi.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium-Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide

Sodium selenite and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) were used to synthesize selenium-Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(SeLBP) in this experiment by chemical method. The content of selenium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and the result was 64.42 mg/g. SeLBP was characterized by visible ultraviolet(UV-VIS) and infrared(IR) techniques. The results proved the successful synthesis of SeLBP. The antioxidant activities in vitro of SeLBP was investigated by phenanthrolineFe2+and pyrogallol autoxidation method. The results showed that in the setting concentration range, the antioxidant activities increased with the elevation of concentration. The antioxidant activities of SeLBP were better than that of LBP. The clearance rates on superoxide anion radical of 2.0 mg/mL LBP and SeLBP were 51.48 % and 59.34 %, respectively. The scavenging rates on hydroxyl radical of 2.0 mg/mL LBP and SeLBP were 50.23 % and 56.16 %, respectively. This research was an important step as means of laying the foundation for further research on SeLBP as a low toxicity and effective organic selenium product.
A governing equation for moving web temperature heated by radiative panels

In this paper we consider modeling of temperature distribution in moving webs due to heating by radiation panels. We develop a web heat transfer model by considering radiation from the heating panels and convection on the surface of moving webs. We address the issue of convection coefficient changes with web temperature. Using this model, one can predict the web temperature in the moving web at different speeds. The model development and analysis is dimensionless, so it can be applicable to a variety of web materials and heating panel locations. The modeling is motivated by R2R ALD/MLD application and an experimental platform designed to conduct ALD/MLD is employed to validate the model for different scenarios. Comparative results from experiments and model simulations for varying speeds and different operating conditions are provided to validate the model.
Identity Deception Prevention Using Common Contribution Network Data

Identity deception in social media applications has negatively impacted online communities and it is likely to increase as the social media user population grows. The ease of generating new accounts on social media has exacerbated the issue. Many previous studies have been posited that focused on both verbal, non-verbal, and network data produced by users in an attempt to detect identity deception. However, although these methods produced a high accuracy, they are mainly reactive to the issue of identity deception. This paper proposes a proactive approach that leverages social network data and it is focused on identity deception prevention for online sub-communities, communities that exist within larger communities (e.g., Facebook groups or Subreddits). The method can be applied to various types of social media applications and produces high accuracy in identifying deceptive accounts at the time of attempted entry to a sub-community. Performance results as well as limitations for the method are presented. A discussion follows on the identification of possible implications of this paper for social media applications and future directions on deception prevention are proposed.
Epidemiology of Absence Epilepsy

A population based electroencephalographic study of absence epilepsy in 97 children is reported from the Departments of Neurophysiology and Pediatrics, Goteborg University, Sweden.
Reduction of metal adducts in oligonucleotide mass spectra in ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.

Rationale Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based techniques commonly used in oligonucleotide analyses are known to be sensitive to alkali metal adduct formation. Adducts directly impact the sensitivity of MS-based analyses as the available charge is distributed across the parent peak and adduct(s). The current study systematically evaluated common liquid chromatography (LC) components in LC/ESI-MS configurations used in oligonucleotide analysis to identify metal adduct contributions from LC instrumentation. Methods A UPLC liquid chromatography system was configured with a single quadrupole MS detector (ACQUITY QDa, Waters Corp.) to monitor adduct formation in oligonucleotide separations. An ion-pairing mobile phase comprised of 15 mM triethylamine and 400 mM hexafluoro-2-propanol was used in conjunction with an oligonucleotide separation column (Waters OST BEH C18, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) for all separations. A 10-min method was used to provide statistical figures of merit and evaluate adduct formation over time. Results Trace alkali metal salts in the mobile phase and reagents were determined to be the main source of metal salt adducts in LC/ESI-MS-based configurations. Non-specific adsorption sites located throughout the fluidic path contribute to adduct formation in oligonucleotide analyses. Ion-pairing mobile phases prepared at neutral or slightly basic pH result in up to a 57% loss of spectral abundance to adduct formation in the current study. Conclusions Implementation of a short low pH reconditioning step was observed to effectively displace trace metal salts non-specifically adsorbed to surfaces in the fluidic path and was able to maintain an average MS spectral abundance ≥94% with a high degree of repeatability (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) 0.8%) over an extended time study. The proposed method offers the ability to rapidly regenerate adsorption sites with minimal impact on productivity while retaining assay sensitivity afforded by MS detection with reduced adduct formation. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nonadditive Effects of Repetitive Administration of Lipoplexes in Immunocompetent Mice

Abstract Repetitive administration is routinely used to maintain therapeutic drug levels, but previous studies have documented an accelerated blood clearance of some lipid-based delivery systems under these conditions. To assess the effect of repetitive administration, non-PEGylated lipoplexes (+/−0.5) were administered 4 times via tail vein injection at 3-day intervals to immunocompetent BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. This study measured the effect of repeat administration of nontargeted lipoplexes on clearance, cytokine/chemokine response, plasmid distribution, reporter gene expression, and liver toxicity. We do not observe a refractory period or a statistically significant difference in blood clearance between the first administration and subsequent injections of this lipoplex formulation, consistent with the absence of a cytokine/chemokine response. However, we do see a significant effect on both plasmid accumulation and expression, an enhancement of 26-fold and 10-fold in tumor plasmid levels and expression, respectively, after 4 injections as compared to that after a single injection. In addition, in vivo imaging suggests that expression in other organs had diminished rapidly 72 h after each administration, in contrast to relatively constant expression in the tumor. Taken together, the findings indicate that gene delivery to tumors can be dramatically enhanced by employing repetitive administration.
Social Structure Social Learning Theory: Preventing Crime and Violence

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of social learning theory. The overview presents the development of the theory from its early historical criminological roots to the contemporary presentations of the theory. These theoretical presentations are used to provide the foundation of prevention measures. Further, a review of the examination of the prevention programs based on social learning principles is examined.
A genetic risk score that includes common type 2 diabetes risk variants is associated with gestational diabetes.

Objective Gestational diabetes (GDM) is characterized by maternal glucose intolerance that manifests during pregnancy. Because GDM resembles type 2 diabetes (T2DM), shared genetic predisposition is likely but has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that a genetic risk score (GRS) that included variants known to be associated with T2DM is associated with GDM.