cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numbers and ideas

REALISM VS NOMINALISM Philosophy is a subject in which there is very little agreement. This is so almost by definition, for if it happens that in some area of philosophy inquirers begin to achieve stable agreement about some substantial range of issues, straightaway one ceases to think of that area as part of “philosophy,” and begins to call it something else. This happened with physics or “natural philosophy” in the seventeenth century, and has happened with any number of other disciplines in the centuries since. Philosophy is left with whatever remains a matter of doubt and dispute. Philosophy of mathematics, in particular, is an area where there are very profound disagreements. In this respect philosophy of mathematics is radically unlike mathematics itself, where there are today scarcely ever any controversies over the correctness of important results, once published in refereed journals. Some professional mathematicians are also amateur philosophers, and the best way for an observer to guess whether such persons are talking mathematics or philosophy on a given occasion is to look whether they are agreeing or disagreeing. One major issue dividing philosophers of mathematics is that of the nature and existence of mathematical objects and entities, such as numbers , by which I will always mean positive integers 1, 2, 3, and so on. The problem arises because, though it is common to contrast matter and mind as if the two exhausted the possibilities, numbers do not fit comfortably into either the material or the mental category.
Layer-by-layer sorting of rhenium disulfide via high-density isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation

Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation (iDGU) has been widely applied to sort nanomaterials by their physical and electronic structure. However, the commonly used density-gradient medium iodixanol has a finite maximum buoyant density that prevents the use of iDGU for high-density nanomaterials. Here, we overcome this limit by adding cesium chloride (CsCl) to iodixanol, thus increasing its maximum buoyant density to the point where the high-density two-dimensional nanomaterial rhenium disulfide (ReS2) can be sorted in a layer-by-layer manner with iDGU. The resulting aqueous ReS2 dispersions show photoluminescence at ∼1.5 eV, which is consistent with its direct bandgap semiconductor electronic structure. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements on thin films formed from solution-processed ReS2 show a spectral response that is consistent with optical absorbance and photoluminescence data. In addition to providing a pathway for effective solution processing of ReS2, this work establishes a general metho...
Assessment of students’ learning behavior and academic misconduct in a student-pulled online learning and student-governed testing environment: A case study

ABSTRACTThe development of advanced and affordable information technologies has enabled higher education institutes to instantly deliver course or training materials to its students via the Internet without any time or location limitations. At the same time, the identical technology has also empowered distance learning students with easier opportunities for academic misconduct. The purpose of this empirical study was to explore students’ learning behavior changes and academic misconduct in an undergraduate computer literacy course that adopts student-pulled online learning and a student-governed online final exam.
Parent, Dentist, and Independent Rater Assessment of Child Distress During Preventive Dental Visits.

Purpose Although typically not painful, preventive dental care can be distressing to young children. A greater understanding of how adults perceive child distress may enable clinicians to improve the patient/parent experience through alignment of values and facilitation of shared decision-making. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parent, dentist, and independent observer (IO) ratings of child distress during preventive dental procedures. Methods Sixty-five children younger than three years were seen for preventive dental care at a university dental clinic. Parents, dentists, and an IO rated intensity of child distress during four phases of the dental visit: (1) pre-exam; (2) positioning; (3) prophylaxis/exam/fluoride; and (4) post-exam. Results The average age of the children was 24.4 months old (±7.2 SD). The prophylaxis/exam/fluoride phase was judged to be most distress inducing. Mean distress ratings for this phase were: 2.30 (parents); 2.47 (dentists); and 3.08 (IO), which was statistically significant (P=.04). The IO ratings were significantly different from parents (for three phases) and dentists (for one phase); no statistically significant differences were noted between parent and dentist ratings for any phase. Conclusions There was a strong agreement between parents' and dentists' ratings of child distress during preventive dental procedures.
X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy

Some of the variants of the original Berg method for making topographical images of single crystal specimens, using Bragg diffraction of X-rays, are discussed. Topographical images reveal dislocations, inclusions, remains of scratches, and other regions of crystalline imperfections. The principles, as well as the major features and limitations of each of the diffraction microscopy methods, are reviewed briefly. A reference is cited in which these X-ray methods and examples of their applications are described in detail.
Perceived ease of use and usefulness of sustainability labels on apparel products: application of the technology acceptance model

This study explores consumers’ perceptions of sustainability labels on apparel products and examines sustainability labels as an effective means of determining consumers’ purchase intentions, using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the foundation. Data were collected via self-administered web-based surveys from 903 randomly selected shoppers throughout the United States (U.S.). Findings validated that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and purchase intention were associated with consumers’ use of sustainability labels. Within those four variables, sustainability label users exhibited significantly higher scores than non-label users, though the path relationships among those variables were not different between the two groups. This study is one of the first to use TAM to understand how consumers perceive and use sustainability labels for apparel products. Through this application, label reading behaviour is viewed similarly to how consumers use new informational sources for their decision making process. The findings provide practical implications for business marketers and managers of sustainability apparel products. As this study focused on sustainability labels and apparel product shopping among U.S. consumers, it may be limited to apply findings to other product categories and may be limited to consumers outside the U.S.
Legacy effects and landscape choices in a desert city

Abstract Lawns are a traditional landscape choice in urban neighborhoods, and their pervasiveness results in extensive irrigation around the world. Focusing on the semi-arid metropolis of Phoenix, Arizona, this paper examines residents’ actual and preferred landscapes for both front and back yards; specifically considering grass (mesic) yards, gravel-based (xeric) yards, and mixed (oasis) yards that include some grass and some gravel. Since xeric yards can conserve water, practitioners have promoted them as a drought-tolerant alternative to traditional lawns. Understanding the factors that motivate or constrain landscaping choices can facilitate the transition from lawns toward more naturalistic alternatives. This paper provides an original analysis of how legacies in the Phoenix region—including local landscape traditions and development history—affect yard choices. Using survey data and inferential statistics, we found that longer-term residents—as measured by the proportion of a resident’s lifetime spent in the Phoenix region—more often chose grassy landscapes compared to newcomers. This is counter to the common assumption that newcomers to the desert prefer lawns; instead, long-time residents seem to be accustomed to the long-established luxuriant landscapes of ‘the Phoenix Oasis.’ Residents of older neighborhoods also chose grassier landscaping compared to residents in newer areas, who tended to choose xeric yards. Altogether, these findings reflect the lasting legacies that previous landscaping choices have in urban environments, where changes in preferences and practices take time. Ultimately, the legacy effects of past choices often persist, thereby impeding efforts to promote drought-tolerant and naturalistic landscapes.
The Relationship Between State Lead Agency and Enrollment Into Early Intervention Services

Services offered through Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act improve cognitive, behavioral, and physical skills for children less than 3 years old at risk for or with a disability. However, there are low enrollment rates into services. Various Lead Agencies oversee services through Part C, and states determine which agency is in charge of administering these services. The objective of this study was to describe odds of enrollment into early intervention services based on the department administering services (Lead Agency). Each state’s Lead Agency (Education, Health, or Other), state population size, narrowness of eligibility criteria, and state-level screening rates were fit into a negative binomial regression model to predict odds of enrollment into Part C services. Results show that state’s reporting from “Health” and “Other” as a Lead Agency had significantly higher odds for Part C services compared with the state Lead Agency of Education (Health adjusted odds ratio [...
Anti-EMI Noise Digital Filter Design for a 60-kW Five-Level SiC Inverter Without Fiber Isolation

Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices are beneficial to the converters in terms of size reduction and efficiency increase. Nevertheless, the fast switching of SiC devices results in more serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise issue. Optical fibers based isolation provides a reliable solution to block the EMI noises from the power circuit to the control circuit but with additional cost and size penalty, especially for multilevel converters. This letter aims at the digital filters based solution to suppress the sampling noise caused by EMI without any extra hardware cost. An improved median filter and a novel magnitude bandpass filter are proposed. The design tradeoffs among noises filter capability, delay effect and the computation time have been discussed for proposed filters. The anti-EMI noise function of proposed filters has been experimentally verified in a 60-kW five-level SiC inverter.
Basic science of bone fusion

Spine arthrodesis is frequently performed in the treatment of spine trauma, deformity, and degenerative disorders. With an estimated 413,000 fusion procedures performed in the United States annually, the number of procedures performed has increased by 2.4-fold since 1998. Based on its prevalence, it is critical that spine surgeons have an adequate understanding of the basic science behind bone fusion. This chapter will review basic bone anatomy and histology, discuss the principles and process of bone healing, and explore the clinical applications of these topics.
Misconceptions Inherent in the Substance Ontology Approach to Assigning Moral Status: A Reply to Patrick Lee, Christopher Tollefsen, and Robert George

I have argued that substance ontology cannot be used to determine the moral status of embryos. Patrick Lee, Christopher Tollefsen, and Robert George wrote a Reply to those arguments in this Journal. In that Reply, Lee, Tollefsen, and George defended and clarified their position that their substance ontology arguments prove that the zygote and the adult into which it develops are the same entity that share the same essence. Here, I show the following: (A) Even using the substance ontology framework to which Lee, Tollefsen, and George subscribe, we cannot know when in development substance changes cease. Substance ontology cannot therefore be used to assign moral status to embryos. (B) The Lee, Tollefsen, and George substance ontology framework should not be applied to the study of development or to biological discourse in general, because this framework depends on premises that do not apply.
Worksite physical activity breaks: Perspectives on feasibility of implementation.

Background Worksites offer a unique opportunity to increase physical activity in persons with both active and sedentary lifestyles. Objective The objective of this study was to examine employee and supervisor perspectives on feasibility and acceptability of 10-minute Instant Recess ® physical activity videos in the worksite. Methods Convenience sample of public and private worksites in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN. Employees (n = 187) at 13 worksites were recruited by a one-time email invitation to participate in a group Instant Recess break and complete a 15-question survey. One supervisor per site participated in a one-on-one interview to assess suggestions for feasibility of implementation. Likert-type survey responses were averaged per worksite and overall. Interview results were recorded, transcribed, and coded by two authors. Results Employees were extremely positive about enjoyment, increased productivity, comfort, and feasibility of doing Instant Recess at the same time and place every day (score = 4.29, 4.17, 4.25, and 4.37 out of 5, respectively). However, they did not feel comfortable leading an Instant Recess break (score = 2.68 out of 5). Supervisors voiced during the one-on-one interviews that they enjoyed Instant Recess (13 out of 13 supervisors), were enthusiastic about Instant Recess as a simple and cost-effective entry into worksite wellness (11 out of 13 supervisors), and felt that Instant Recess could be institutionalized by offering it daily at a set time and place (13 out of 13 supervisors). Conclusions Employees and supervisors at various worksites believed that it is feasible and desirable to offer 10-minute physical activity breaks using videos during the workday.
Hypoglycemia Prediction with Subject-Specific Recursive Time-Series Models

Background: Avoiding hypoglycemia while keeping glucose within the narrow normoglycemic range (70–120 mg/dl) is a major challenge for patients with type 1 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitors can provide hypoglycemic alarms when the measured glucose decreases below a threshold. However, a better approach is to provide an early alarm that predicts a hypoglycemic episode before it occurs, allowing enough time for the patient to take the necessary precaution to avoid hypoglycemia. Methods: We have previously proposed subject-specific recursive models for the prediction of future glucose concentrations and evaluated their prediction performance. In this work, our objective was to evaluate this algorithm further to predict hypoglycemia and provide early hypoglycemic alarms. Three different methods were proposed for alarm decision, where (A) absolute predicted glucose values, (B) cumulative-sum (CUSUM) control chart, and (C) exponentially weighted moving-average (EWMA) control chart were used. Each method was validated using data from the Diabetes Research in Children Network, which consist of measurements from a continuous glucose sensor during an insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Reference serum glucose measurements were used to determine the sensitivity to predict hypoglycemia and the false alarm rate. Results: With the hypoglycemic threshold set to 60 mg/dl, sensitivity of 89, 87.5, and 89% and specificity of 67, 74, and 78% were reported for methods A, B, and C, respectively. Mean values for time to detection were 30 ± 5.51 (A), 25.8 ± 6.46 (B), and 27.7 ± 5.32 (C) minutes. Conclusions:
Entrepreneurship Education: Engineering a Pracademic Approach

Abstract Innovation and entrepreneurship are becoming increasingly important as we rely on economies to create jobs around the globe. And yet, considering the myriad and dynamic business environments of the 21 st century and ever increasing consumer power, the risk of entrepreneurial activity has increased considerably. Consequently, we need to educate engineers in an innovative manner and fundamentally change the teaching methods, curriculum, and research in entrepreneurship education. Applying the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) to entrepreneurship with similar rigor can increase the odds of being successful engineering entrepreneurs. Still, faculty and administrators of engineering programs are hesitant to introduce courses into an engineering curriculum outside of engineering fundaments. The paradox, however, is that non-core engineering courses including leadership and engineering management can help students develop highly desired attributes that contribute to career and industry success. In this paper, the authors look at current trends in entrepreneurship education and will propose a potential new approach to innovation and entrepreneurship education for engineers in the 21st century. This approach will focus on pracademic (practical / professional and academic) learning concepts that are both engaging and worthwhile for student-centered learning. Supplementary pedagogical approaches are necessary to augment classroom learning for aligning active-learning topics within innovative course frameworks. This new approach will focus on four topics: innovation in teaching methods, introducing leadership education into the entrepreneurship curriculum, quality within systems engineering management, and using rigorous research to drive transformational change in entrepreneurship education. The pracademic approach will be taught as a workshop series or as courses in the entrepreneurship domain and will be presented as part of this paper where methods, leadership, quality, and rigorous research are the central tenets the authors propose for serious and thrivable consideration. Keywords: entrepreneurship, innovation, engineering education, pracademic, thrivability
On the Application of Eigenfunction Expansions to Problems in Nonlinear Space-Time Reactor Dynamics

Several nonlinear space-time reactor models are studied by employing modal analysis. Eigenfunction modes resulting from the solution of Sturm-Liouville equations satisfying the appropriate linear p...
Tunable photocycle kinetics of a hybrid bacteriorhodopsin/quantum dot system

The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the photoactive protein, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which has been explored in developing enhanced photovoltaic devices. In this work, we have discovered that the kinetics of the BR photocycle can be manipulated using CdSe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The photocycle lifetime of protein samples with varying QD amounts were monitored using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Concentration-dependent elongations of the bR and M state lifetimes were observed in the kinetic traces, thus suggesting that excitonic coupling occurs between BR and QDs. We propose that the pairing of BR with QDs has the potential to be utilized in protein-based computing applications, specifically for real-time holographic processors, which depend on the temporal dynamics of the bR and M photointermediates.
Publication records and bibliometric indices of Canadian and U.S. pharmacy deans

Background: As leaders and role-models in schools and colleges of pharmacy, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) deans must have a sufficient background and experience in research and scholarship. Objective: The primary purpose of this research was to characterise and compare the publication records and bibliometric indices of the current CEO deans at the schools and colleges of pharmacy (SCOP) in Canada and the United States (U.S). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pharmacy dean publication records and bibliometric indices using the Web of Science (WoS) database. Deans were identified using the Canadian website, Association of Faculties of Pharmacy. The methodology of Thompson and Nahata was used to conduct the WoS searches. The software programme developed by Soler was used to separate homologues and calculate bibliometric indices. Bibliometric indices generated included: lifetime publications, publications/year, h-index, m-quotient, lifetime citations, citations/year, and average citations/paper. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance for nonparametric data was used to assess differences between groups. Results: Median bibliometric indices for Canadian pharmacy deans (N=10) vs. U.S. pharmacy deans (N=124) were as follows: No. of publications=57.5 vs. 20.5, Publications/year=3.5 vs. 0.5, h-index=14.5 vs. 8, Total citations =628.5 vs. 223.5, Citations/year=38.2 vs. 11.2. None of the differences were significant at p <0.05. Conclusion: Median bibliometric indices of Canadian pharmacy deans were higher but not significantly different from U.S. pharmacy deans.
Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Risk Score.

Gastric cancer (GC) peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Although grade, histology, and stage are associated with PC, the cumulative risk of PC when multiple risk factors are present is unknown. This study aimed to develop a cumulative GCPC risk score based on individual demographic/tumor characteristics. Patient-level data (2004–2014) from the California Cancer Registry were reviewed by creating a keyword search algorithm to identify patients with gastric PC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess demographic/tumor characteristics associated with PC in a randomly selected testing cohort. Scores were assigned to risk factors based on beta coefficients from the logistic regression result, and these scores were applied to the remainder of the subjects (validation cohort). The summed scores of each risk factor formed the total risk score. These were grouped, showing the percentages of patients with PC. The study identified 4285 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (2757 males, 64.3%). The median age of the patients was 67 years (interquartile range [IQR], 20 years). Most of the patients were non-Hispanic white (n = 1748, 40.8%), with proximal (n = 1675, 39.1%) and poorly differentiated (n = 2908, 67.9%) tumors. The characteristics most highly associated with PC were T4 (odds ratio [OR], 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19–4.44), overlapping location (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.52–3.39), age of 20–40 years (OR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24–5.21), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.36–2.54). The demographic/tumor characteristics used in the risk score included age, race/ethnicity, T stage, histology, tumor grade, and location. Increasing GCPC score was associated with increasing percentage of patients with PC. Based on demographic/tumor characteristics in GC, it is possible to distinguish groups with varying odds for PC. Understanding the risk for PC based on the cumulative effect of high-risk features can help clinicians to customize surveillance strategies and can aid in early identification of PC.
Abstract 646: Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Impairs Adipocyte Endocrine Function via Exosome-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction

By incompletely understood mechanisms, MI patients sustain systemic metabolic disorder. Adipocytes are an important cellular type regulating energy homeostasis. The impact of MI upon adipocyte func...
HydraList: a scalable in-memory index using asynchronous updates and partial replication

Increased capacity of main memory has led to the rise of in-memory databases. With disk access eliminated, efficiency of index structures has become critical for performance in these systems. An ideal index structure should exhibit high performance for a wide variety of workloads, be scalable, and efficient in handling large data sets. Unfortunately, our evaluation shows that most state-of-the-art index structures fail to meet these three goals. For an index to be performant with large data sets, it should ideally have time complexity independent of the key set size. To ensure scalability, critical sections should be minimized and synchronization mechanisms carefully designed to reduce cache coherence traffic. Moreover, complex memory hierarchy in servers makes data placement and memory access patterns important for high performance across all workload types.In this paper, we present HydraList, a new concurrent, scalable, and high performance in-memory index structure for massive multi-core machines. The key insight behind our design of HydraList is that an index structure can be divided into two components (search and data layers) which can be updated independently leading to lower synchronization overhead. By isolating the search layer, we are able to replicate it across NUMA nodes and reduce cache misses and remote memory accesses. As a result, our evaluation shows that HydraList outperforms other index structures especially in a variety of workloads and key types.
HTN Guided Adversarial Planning for RTS Games

The real-time strategy (RTS) game has become a suitable testbed for artificial intelligence (AI) technologies owing to the large state space, limited decision times, partial observation environment and adversarial behavior involved. To address these challenges, the approach named AHTN which combined hierarchical task network (HTN) with game tree search has been applied in RTS games and achieved favorable performance. However, both the opponent strategy and time constraint of generating the sub-game tree are not considered by AHTN during planning. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method which considers the time constraint when generating the subgame tree by HTN planning and introduces the opponent strategy as the adversarial player. The empirical results are presented based on a $\mu$RTS game and show our algorithm performs better than original HTN planning methods.
Crime and Uncertain Punishment in Transition Economies

We consider a continuum of agents in a transition country where the transfer of property rights has occurred. The transition is in progress and the nature of the government's future policies is unknown to the agents. Agents believe that the present government can evolve into one of two types: a traditional democratic government that supplies law enforcement and infrastructure leading to positive firm growth, or a corrupt government that may or may not provide law enforcement, does not provide a climate for firm growth, and may be confiscatory. Each agent owns one firm, and we define an illegal action (crime) as the diversion of funds from this firm into the agent's pocket. Each agent decides how much to steal, understanding that the amount he steals, and the government that will be in place, will affect the taxes he pays. Agents further believe that the objective that each possible government wishes to achieve depends on, or is limited by, the taxes it collects. Since both the agents' decisions and the tax revenue depend on the probability of each government type coming into existence, we endogenize the calculation of this probability. Using it, we determine the percentage of agents who steal, and investigate the relationship between the level of crime and uncertain political structure.
Dreams, Healing, and Listening to Learn: Educational Movements in the Everyday

In this article, co-authors Eagle Shield, Munson, and San Pedro connect with and extend the new vision and direction as guided by Equity & Excellence in Education’s new editorial leadership. They d...
Modulation of Endocannabinoid Tone in Osteoblastic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells and in Mouse Bone Tissue over Time

Bone is a highly complex and metabolically active tissue undergoing a continuous remodeling process, which endures throughout life. A complex cell-signaling system that plays role in regulating different physiological processes, including bone remodeling, is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Bone mass expresses CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and enzymatic machinery responsible for the metabolism of their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids (AEA and 2-AG). Exogenous AEA is reported to increase the early phase of human osteoblast differentiation in vitro. However, regarding this cell context little is known about how endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related N-acylethanolamines like PEA and OEA are modulated, in vitro, during cell differentiation and, in vivo, over time up to adulthood. Here we characterized the endocannabinoid tone during the different phases of the osteoblast differentiation process in MC3T3-E1 cells, and we measured endocannabinoid levels in mouse femurs at life cycle stages characterized by highly active bone growth (i.e., of juvenile, young adult, and mature adult bone). Endocannabinoid tone was significantly altered during osteoblast differentiation, with substantial OEA increment, decline in 2-AG and AEA, and consistent modulation of their metabolic enzymes in maturing and mineralized MC3T3-E1 cells. Similarly, in femurs, we found substantial, age-related, decline in 2-AG, OEA, and PEA. These findings can expand existing knowledge underlying physiological bone cell function and contribute to therapeutic strategies for preventing bone-related metabolic changes accruing through lifespan.
Optimal contracts with random monitoring

We study an optimal contract problem under moral hazard in a principal-agent framework where contracts are implemented through random monitoring. This is a monitoring instrument that reveals the precise action taken by the agent with some nondegenerate probability, and otherwise reveals no information. The agent’s cost of performing the action depends on a random state of nature. This state is private information to the agent, but can be non-verifiably communicated, allowing the contract to specify wages as a function of the agent’s message. We show that the optimal contract partitions the set of types in three regions. The most efficient types exert effort and receive a reward when monitored. Moderately efficient types exert effort but are paid the same wage with monitoring as without. The least efficient types do not exert effort. More intense monitoring increases the value of a contract when the agent is risk averse.
Searches for light dark matter using condensed matter systems

Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light dark matter in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV-GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of dark matter models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.
Cultural Competence as New Racism: Working as Intended?

Berger and Miller (2021) offer a strong argument for how cultural competence in medical education reinforces the racial structures that it purports to address. As social scientists with expertise i...
Beyond Conformal Field Theory

This is an account of some recent work done with H.S. La [1][2], based ultimately on the work of Fischler and Susskind [3] and Polchinski [4].
A comparison of the quality of fresh and frozen pork from immunologically castrated males versus gilts, physical castrates, and entire males.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare pork quality and sensory characteristics of pork from gilts, physical castrates, entire males, and immunological castrates. Loins ( Longissimus thoracis et lumborum ) were collected at harvest, aged for 10 days, and subsequently cut into chops and roasts. Two chops and one roast were frozen for a minimum of 14 days to a maximum of 30 days and chops and roasts from the same loin were evaluated in fresh form. A trained sensory panel evaluated the samples and results showed that gilt pork, physical castrate pork, and immunological castrate pork were similar in terms of boar odor and pork flavor. The evaluated pork quality characteristics showed no differences among sexes except for marbling in the frozen samples ( P
The Right to Be Forgotten: Issuing a Voluntary Recall

Recently, in Europe and elsewhere, some form of a “Right to Be Forgotten” in various internet and search engine contexts has been recognized. This Article contends, however, that for various largely practical reasons, no such broad-sweeping right should be adopted in the United States. More narrowly particularized defamation, privacy, confidentiality, and emotional distress claims, along with criminal record expungement statutes, jointly provide a better alternative path, especially when modified to address significant socio-economic class effects. Crucially, the superiority of narrower, particularized, contextual, and pluralistic approaches to the concerns underlying a “Right to Be Forgotten” flows from important systematic biases and asymmetries between persons seeking a de-linking or deletion of personal information on the one hand, and information aggregators such as Google on the other.
Compressive response and failure of fiber reinforced unidirectional composites

The compressive response of polymer matrix fiber reinforced unidirectional composites (PMC's) is investigated via a combination of experiment and analysis. The study accounts for the nonlinear constitutive response of the polymer matrix material and examines the effect of fiber geometric imperfections, fiber mechanical properties and fiber volume fraction on the measured compressive strength and compressive failure mechanism.Glass and carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional composite specimens are manufactured in-house with fiber volume fractions ranging over 10∼60 percent. Compression test results with these specimens show that carbon fiber composites have lower compressive strengths than glass fiber composites. Glass fiber composites demonstrate a splitting failure mode for a range of low fiber volume fractions and a simultaneous splitting/kink banding failure mode for high fiber volume fractions. Carbon fiber composites show kink banding throughout the range of fiber volume fractions examined. Nonlinear material properties of the matrix, orthotropic material properties of the carbon fiber, initial geometric fiber imperfections and nonuniform fiber volume fraction are all included in an appropriate finite element analysis to explain some of the observed experimental results. A new analytical model predictionof the splitting failure mode shows that this failure mode is favorable for glass fiber composites, which is in agreement with test results. Furthermore, this modelis able to show the influence of fiber mechanical properties, fiber volume fraction and fiber geometry on the splitting failure mode.
Nonlinear Creep Buckling of Reinforced Concrete Columns

This model accounts not only for the rapid increase of creep at high compressive stress (flow) but also for the decrease of creep observed for subsequent load increments after a long period of low sustained compressive stress (adaptation). A simply supported column is analyzed for typical load histories: sustained loading; short-time loading to failure; and sustained load followed by short-time loading to failure. Numerical results confirm that the flow nonlinearity makes the column fail in a finite time and the adaptation nonlinearity makes the response to the short-time load applied after a long period of a low sustained load stiffer. Also, there is a substantial difference in the column strength for the same load duration depending upon the loading history, especially the ratio of constant sustained load (dead load) and short-time load (live load) and their durations. This could be taken into account in setting the safety factors for columns subjected to dead and live loads of various ratios.
Genders, Races, and Religious Cultures in Modern American Poetry, 1908–1934: Entitled new: a social philology of modern American poetry

It's a very long and difficult job … to see how, in the very detail of composition, a certain social structure, a certain history, discloses itself. This is not doing any kind of violence to that composition. It's precisely finding ways in which forms and formations, in very complex ways, interact and interrelate. Raymond Williams (1989), The Politics of Modernism , 185 This book situates itself within modernist studies, trying one way of relating modernism to modernities. Propelled by the scintillating critical practices from feminist, ethnic, and other materialist critics and poetic communities, my reading of poetry within modernist studies probes works of art by people struggling with formations entitled new – New Woman, New Black, New Jew. Part of the “newness” of modernity lies in its representation of the urgencies and contradictions of these modern subjectivities. By a method I call social philology, I propose a reactivation of close reading to examine in poetry the textual traces and discursive manifestations of a variety of ideological assumptions, subject positions, and social concepts concerning gender, race, and religious culture. It is the purpose of this book to offer reading strategies that can mediate between the historical terrain and the intimate poetic textures of a work. Certainly the materials and themes of poems involve discursive elements (allusions, diction, tropes) and depict issues traceable to particular social subjects.
Off-angle iris recognition using bi-orthogonal wavelet network system

One important category of non-ideal conditions for iris recognition is off-angle iris images. Practically it is very difficult for images to be captured with no offset. It then becomes necessary to account for off angle information in order to maintain robust performance. A bi-orthogonal wavelet based iris recognition system, previously designed at our lab, is modified and demonstrated to perform off-angle iris recognition. Bi-orthogonal wavelet network (BWN) are developed and trained for each class. The non-ideal factors are adjusted by repositioning the BWN. To test, synthetic iris images are generated by using affine and geometric transforms of 0/spl deg/, 10/spl deg/ and 20/spl deg/ experimentally collected images from 101 subjects. This approach is shown to perform better than a transformation based iris recognition approach. Iris images off-angle by up to 42/spl deg/ are successfully recognized.
The Diestel-Faires Theorem on Series

We give a proof of an Orlicz-Pettis Theorem of Diestel and Faires on weak* subseries convergent series in the dual of a Banach space using an elementary theorem on real valued matrices. \bigskip The Orlicz-Pettis Theorem on subseries convergence has proven to be one of the most useful theorems in functional analysis with applications to Banach space theory, vector measures and vector integration. The version of the theorem for normed spaces asserts that a series which is subseries convergent in the weak topology is subseries convergent in the norm topology (for the history of the Orlicz-Pettis Theorem, see [FL],[DU],[Ka]). Simple examples show that the analogue of the Orlicz-Pettis Theorem fails for the weak* topology of dual spaces (see Example 1), and, in fact, Diestel and Faires have shown that a Banach space $X$ has the property that series in the dual $X^{\prime}$ are weak* subseries convergent iff they are norm subseries convergent $\Longleftrightarrow$ the space $X^{\prime}$ contains no subspace isomorphic to $l^{\infty}$. This result of Diestel/Faires is actually a corollary of a much more general result concerning vector valued measures. There have been a number of additional proofs of the Diestel/Faires result, but all of the proofs, including the original, use non-trivial properties of vector measures. For example, the proof in Diestel/Uhl ([DU]) uses a lemma of Rosenthal on vector measures and the proof in [Sw2] uses a lemma of Drewnowski on finitely additive set functions. Since the statement of the Diestel/Faires result for series involves only series, it would seem to be desirable to give a proof which only involves basic properties of series and does not invoke properties of vector valued measures. In this brief note we will show that a simple theorem about real valued infinite matrices given in [AS] can be employed to give a proof of the Diestel/Faires result which involves only basic properties of series in normed spaces (actually we consider only one part of the Diestel/Faires result). First, we give an example showing a straightforward analogue of the Orlicz-Pettis Theorem fails for the weak* topology
The process of infection with coliphage T7. I. Characterization of T7 RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis.

Abstract Twelve T7 RNA species can be identified by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The sum of the molecular weights of the species is sufficient to account for the entire genome of T7. Some of the large species must certainly be polycistronic in nature. All identifiable T7 species are represented in infected cells prior to the onset of DNA synthesis.
Selective Removal Of FG-Repeat Domains From The Nuclear Pore Complex By Enterovirus 2Apro

ABSTRACT Enteroviruses proteolyze nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins (Nups) during infection, leading to disruption of host nuclear transport pathways and alterations in nuclear permeability. To better understand how enteroviruses exert these effects on nuclear transport, the mechanisms and consequences of Nup98 proteolysis were examined. The results indicate that Nup98 is rapidly targeted for degradation following enterovirus infection and that this is mediated by the enterovirus 2A protease (2A pro ). Incubation of bacterially expressed or in vitro -translated Nup98 with 2A pro results in proteolytic cleavage at multiple sites in vitro , indicating that 2A pro cleaves Nup98 directly. Site-directed mutagenesis of putative cleavage sites identified Gly374 and Gly552 as the sites of 2A pro proteolysis in Nup98 in vitro and in infected cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assays using an antibody that recognizes the N terminus of Nup98 revealed that proteolysis releases the N-terminal FG-rich region from the NPC. In contrast, similar analyses using an antibody to the C terminus indicated that this region is retained at the nuclear rim. Nup88, a core NPC component that serves as a docking site for Nup98, also remains at the NPC in infected cells. These findings support a model whereby the selective removal of Nup FG repeat domains leads to increased NPC permeability and inhibition of certain transport pathways, while retention of structural domains maintains the overall NPC structure and leaves other transport pathways unaffected. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are dependent upon host nuclear RNA binding proteins for efficient replication. This study examines the mechanisms responsible for alterations in nuclear transport in enterovirus-infected cells that lead to the cytoplasmic accumulation of these proteins. The results demonstrate that the enterovirus 2A protease directly cleaves the nuclear pore complex (NPC) protein, Nup98, at amino acid positions G374 and G552 both in vitro and in infected cells. Cleavage at these positions results in the selective removal of the FG-containing N terminus of Nup98 from the NPC, while the C terminus remains associated. Nup88, a core component of the NPC that serves as a docking site for the C terminus of Nup98, remains associated with the NPC in infected cells. These findings help to explain the alterations in permeability and nuclear transport in enterovirus-infected cells and how NPCs remain functional for certain trafficking pathways despite significant alterations to their compositions.
Diffusion Imaging of the Head and Neck

Diffusion MR for brain imaging has been well-researched and used clinically for more than a decade, particularly for detection of acute ischemic stroke and evaluation of intracranial cystic lesions. In comparison, its application to the head and neck (H&N) has only attracted interest more recently, as a result of the development of techniques for reducing susceptibility artifacts which are substantially more frequent for the neck than for the brain. In this article we discuss recent advances in diffusion imaging technology and describe clinical applications in the H&N. After reading the article, readers should have a better understanding of the uses and challenges of diffusion imaging of the head and neck.
Nasal mites parasitic in nasal and upper skull tissues in the baboon (Papio sp.).

Nasal mites (Rhinophagus sp. ) were found within the mucosal and submucosal nasal tissues and bone marrow of the upper skull in two of five adult baboons (Papio sp. ).
Systems Biology-Based Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence Genes in Mouse Lungs

ABSTRACT Identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence genes is important for developing novel drugs to shorten the duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. We developed computational algorithms that predict M. tuberculosis genes required for long-term survival in mouse lungs. As the input, we used high-throughput M. tuberculosis mutant library screen data, mycobacterial global transcriptional profiles in mice and macrophages, and functional interaction networks. We selected 57 unique, genetically defined mutants (18 previously tested and 39 untested) to assess the predictive power of this approach in the murine model of TB infection. We observed a 6-fold enrichment in the predicted set of M. tuberculosis genes required for persistence in mouse lungs relative to randomly selected mutant pools. Our results also allowed us to reclassify several genes as required for M. tuberculosis persistence in vivo . Finally, the new results implicated additional high-priority candidate genes for testing. Experimental validation of computational predictions demonstrates the power of this systems biology approach for elucidating M. tuberculosis persistence genes. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has a genetic repertoire that permits it to persist in the face of host immune responses. Identification of such persistence genes could reveal novel drug targets and elucidate mechanisms by which the organism eludes the immune system and resists drugs. Genetic screens have identified a total of 31 persistence genes, but to date only 15% of the ~4,000 M. tuberculosis genes have been tested experimentally. In this paper, as an alternative to brute force experimental screens, we describe computational methods that predict new persistence genes by combining known examples with growing databases of biological networks. Experimental testing demonstrated that these predictions are highly accurate, validating the computational approach and providing new information about M. tuberculosis persistence in host tissues. Using the new experimental results as additional input highlights additional genes for testing. Our approach can be extended to other data types and target organisms to characterize host-pathogen interactions relevant to this and other infectious diseases.