cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetization Switching in Spin Torque Random Access Memory: Challenges and Opportunities

Dynamic thermal magnetization switching and magnetization switching variability determine nano-scale magnetic device performance. As a magnetic device scales down, achieving fast nanosecond time scale magnetization switching and maintaining thermal stability at second to years time scale become increasingly challenging. At the same time, the increased variability due to device dimension shrinking results device performance degradation. In the chapter, these challenges will be illustrated through spin torque random access memory device (SPRAM), which integrates magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and CMOS to achieve non-volatility, fast writing/reading speed, almost unlimited programming endurance and zero standby power. In order to fully characterize SPRAM performance, experiment and theoretical studies are pursued at widely separated time and spatial scales. Magnetization switching behaviors from nano-second to second region are measured and modeled. Microscopic quantum electronic spin transport model and macroscopic stochastic magnetization dynamics model are combined to study spin torque induced magnetization switching. Coupled micro-magnetic model and dynamic circuit model are used to simulate SPRAM device performance. Based upon these studies and future SPRAM scaling down requirements, research and development opportunities are identified to reduce switching current magnitude and control device variability.
Supratentorial cavernous malformations.

Abstract Supratentorial cavernous malformations are uncommon cerebral vascular lesions that may present many unique challenges for treating physicians. The vast majority will be discovered during workup for seizures or after symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Supratentorial cavernous malformations are increasingly being discovered incidentally in patients who obtain brain imaging for unrelated reasons. Management strategies including watchful waiting, antiepileptic drug therapy, microsurgery, or an expanding array of “minimally invasive” therapies. Thus, clinical decision making is not always straightforward and a nuanced approach tempered by experience and good judgment is critical to achieving excellent clinical results.
Abstract 19455: A Novel Caveolin-1 Frameshift Mutation Shows Critical Regulation of Mitochondrial Structure, Function and Extracellular Transport

Introduction: Caveolins act as molecular scaffolds for signal transduction. A number of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) mutations are associated with pulmonary hypertension with one recent frameshift mutation i...
PIK3CA mutations in gallbladder cancers

214 Background: Somatic mutations of PIK3CA leading to increased basal kinase activity have been reported in several human cancers including gastric, colorectal, breast and ovarian cancers. Gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm worldwide, but shows significant geographic variation in incidence. The prognosis for patients with this neoplasm is poor, as diagnosis is often at late, untreatable stages of the disease. Methods: To investigate the role of PIK3CA mutations in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer, we sequenced directly exons 9 (helical domain) and 20 (kinase domain) in 46 gallbladder cancer specimens and compared the mutational status with clinico-pathological features. We also examined the presence of KRAS (exon 2), BRAF (exons 11 and 15), EGFR (exons 18-21) and HER2 (exon 20) mutations in the same population. Results: PIK3CA mutations were detected in 8.7% (4 out of 46) gallbladder cancers. All mutations were missense point mutations limited to exon 9 and involving the same codons previously found mutated in other neoplasms. While no BRAF, EGFR or HER2 mutations were detected, KRAS mutation was present in only one case (2%). The KRAS mutated cases had also PIK3CA mutation. No correlation between PIK3CA mutation and gallbladder cancer clinico-pathological features was detected. Conclusions: This is the first report reporting PIK3CA mutations in gallbladder cancer. Our data suggests that PIK3CA mutations play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of gallbladder cancers, which would potentially benefit from targeted therapy using PIK3CA inhibitors.
An Image Processing Approach to Machine Fault Diagnosis Based on Visual Words Representation

Abstract Machine fault diagnosis and remaining service life prognosis provide the basis for condition-based maintenance, and is key to operational reliability. Accurate assessment of machine health requires effective analysis of vibration data, which is typically performed by examining the change in frequency components. One limitation associated with these methods is the empirical knowledge required for fault feature selection. This paper presents an image processing approach to automatically extract features from vibration signal, based on visual words representation. Specifically, a time-frequency image of vibration signal is obtained through wavelet transform, which is then used to extract “visual word” features for recognizing fault related patterns. The extracted features are subsequently fed into sparse representation-based classifier for classification. Evaluation using experimental bearing data confirmed the effectiveness of the developed method with a classification accuracy of 99.7%.
FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT MITRAL VALVE TETHERING: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is considered to occur due to mitral valve (MV) tethering. However, patients with FMR without significant MV tethering were encountered in clinical setting. We sought to assess FMR without MV tethering using 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE
Fight the MOOC-opalypse!: and reflections on the aporia of learning

Wolff-Michael Roth introduced the term "aporia" to refer to the paradox of being a learner: how can we intentionally direct ourselves toward learning something new, when we necessarily do not yet understand --- nor are we even able to perceive --- the very thing that we seek to know?
Range of Outcomes and Challenges in Middle and Later Life

As will already be clear at this point in this volume, the focus in research and treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) since its first description in 1943 has been on children. While some attention was given to the adult outcomes of people with ASD as early as the 1960s (British Journal of Psychiatry 113:1183–1199, 1967; Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 1:119–145, 1971; Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 4:11–32, 1974), the proportion of resources and research focused on adults with ASD has historically been minute compared to that given to children. Large-scale efforts are now underway by community support groups, provider groups, governments, and research organizations to understand the natural progression of ASD across the lifespan and to support adults with autism and their families to achieve the best possible outcomes.
The other limited resource--time with patients.

In addition to rationing money and services, the structure of contemporary health care forces the limitation of an intangible resource crucial to both physician and patient satisfaction, time spent on patient visits.
Why Do We Need Justification Logic

Since Plato, the notion of justification has been an essential component of epistemic studies (cf. [17, 24, 26, 28, 38, 44, 51], and many others). However, until recently, the notion of justification was conspicuously absent in the mathematical models of knowledge within the epistemic logic framework. Commencing from seminal works [30, 55], the notions of Knowledge and Belief have acquired formalization by means of modal logic with modals F is known and F is believed. Within this approach, the following analysis was adopted: For a given agent,
Send in the clones...don't bother, they're here

The creation of a cloned sheep from mammary tissue has raisedmajor social concern, and much talk about major ethical issuesoccasioned by this technology. It is necessary to separategenuine from spurious ethical issues here, a task made failureto initiate ethical discussion and explanation of new technologyas well as by fear reactions in society. As in geneticengineering of animals, issues about cloning fall into threecategories – suggestions that the technology is inherently wrong,risk emerging from the technology and harm to the creatureengendered. The issues regarding the cloning of humans can beanalyzed using the same categories.
Knowledge and Belief as Criminal Law Mental States

Given how often they appear in criminal statutes, the mental states of “knowledge” and “belief” are surprisingly undertheorized. This short piece offers some descriptive and normative ideas about why these mental states sometimes are used not simply for grading purposes but rather to distinguish criminal from noncriminal conduct.
N-myristoyltransferase deficiency impairs activation of kinase AMPK and promotes synovial tissue inflammation

N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) attaches the fatty acid myristate to the N-terminal glycine of proteins to sort them into soluble and membrane-bound fractions. Function of the energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is myristoylation dependent. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pathogenic T cells shift glucose away from adenosine tri-phosphate production toward synthetic and proliferative programs, promoting proliferation, cytokine production, and tissue invasion. We found that RA T cells had a defect in NMT1 function, which prevented AMPK activation and enabled unopposed mTORC1 signaling. Lack of the myristate lipid tail disrupted the lysosomal translocation and activation of AMPK. Instead, myristoylation-incompetent RA T cells hyperactivated the mTORC1 pathway and differentiated into pro-inflammatory TH1 and TH17 helper T cells. In vivo, NMT1 loss caused robust synovial tissue inflammation, whereas forced NMT1 overexpression rescued AMPK activation and suppressed synovitis. Thus, NMT1 has tissue-protective functions by facilitating lysosomal recruitment of AMPK and dampening mTORC1 signaling.
Persistent focal pulmonary opacity elucidated by transbronchial cryobiopsy: a case for larger biopsies

Persistent pulmonary opacities associated with respiratory symptoms that progress despite medical treatment present a diagnostic dilemma for pulmonologists. We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman presenting with progressive fatigue, shortness of breath, and weight loss over six months with a progressively worsening right basilar infiltrate on chest imaging in spite of antibacterial therapy. Transbronchial cryobiopsy was used to establish the diagnosis after a bronchoscopy with traditional forceps biopsies was non-diagnostic. This case demonstrates the value of cryobiopsy as a second-line strategy for pulmonary infiltrates when aetiology remains unclear after less invasive testing.
ASC: actuation system for city-wide crowdsensing with ride-sharing vehicular platform

Vehicular mobile crowdsensing (MCS) enables a lot of smart city applications, such as smart transportation, environmental monitoring etc. Taxis provide a good platform for MCS due to their long operational time and city-scale coverage. However, taxis, as a non-dedicated sensing platform, does not guarantee high sensing coverage quality (large and balanced). This paper presents ASC, a system that actuates vehicular taxis fleets for optimal sensing coverage quality while matching ride requests with taxis. We propose a near-optimal algorithm that integrates 1) a mobility prediction model that guides the selection of taxis to actuate and 2) a ride request prediction model to help match ride request with taxis, lower incentive cost and improve taxi drivers' motivation. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments in a testbed with 230 actuated taxis show that our ASC can achieve up to 40% improvement in sensing coverage quality improvement and up to 20% better ride request matching rate than baselines approaches. In addition, to achieve a similar level of sensing coverage quality, our ASC only requires 10% of the baseline budget.
Cohort-level disease prediction using aggregate biomarker data measured at dry-off in transition dairy cattle: A proof-of-concept study.

Abstract During the transition from late gestation to early lactation, dairy cattle are at increased risk for disease. Herd-level monitoring for disease risk involves evaluating multiple factors, including food intake, cow density, and biomarkers of nutrient metabolism. Biomarkers that are measured include non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which are usually measured in a subset of the herd (i.e. cohort). If a certain proportion of cows in the cohort are above a specific threshold for a biomarker, the cohort is considered at high risk of disease. Few previous studies have investigated other methods to aggregate individual cow-level data to the cohort level. We designed a proof-of-concept study to determine if biomarker aggregation methods may be useful to predict cohort incidence of adverse health events including 1) clinical diseases: mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, ketosis, lameness, pneumonia, milk fever, displaced abomasum, 2) and abortion or death of the calf or the cow. The study design was a prospective cohort study that used cows (N = 277) from five Michigan commercial dairy herds. Multiple cohorts of cows (two to four cohorts per farm, 18 total) were enrolled that shared the same dry-off date. We tested three different methods (central, dispersion, and count) to aggregate individual cow data (i.e. biomarkers and covariates) measured at dry-off. The central method consisted of calculating the average value of each variable within a cohort, and the dispersion method involved taking the standard deviation or mean absolute deviation about the median of each variable within a cohort. The count method consisting of counting the number of cows above a specific threshold for each variable within a cohort. We used best subsets selection to select a bouquet of candidate models for each aggregation method and averaged the predictions over the model set. We built 4 sets of Poisson regression models: one for each aggregation method and a combined model that included all three methods. We evaluated the models based on goodness-of-fit, model calibration using scoring rules, and comparison of observed versus predicted counts. The central and the combined method produced models that had good fit and model calibration. These results indicate that it may be possible to use aggregate measures to predict cohort disease incidence as early as dry-off. The next step is to test biomarker aggregation methods in studies with larger sample sizes.
Supporting dual language learners in Head Start: teacher beliefs about teaching priorities and strategies to facilitate English language acquisition

Prior inquiry into teachers’ beliefs demonstrates that a top priority of early childhood teachers’ is developing children’s social-emotional skills (e.g., Hollingsworth & Winter, 2013; Kowalski, Pr...
Intrareservoir Administration of Alteplase to Treat a Distal Ventriculoatrial Shunt Obstruction

Background Ventriculoatrial shunts can be afflicted with distal malfunctions due to thrombus formation at the distal tip. Distal tip thrombus formation may occur more commonly in oncologic patients who are predisposed to hypercoagulability. Case Description A patient who had a ventriculoatrial shunt placed for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis presented with headaches and confusion and was found to have a partial distal shunt obstruction. Intrareservoir administration of alteplase resulted in resolution of her symptoms. Nuclear medicine shunt patency test demonstrated restoration of distal flow. Conclusions Intrareservoir administration of alteplase can be a useful nonoperative treatment strategy for ventriculoatrial shunt malfunction. This strategy may be particularly useful in cases with higher perioperative risk, such as patients with advanced metastatic cancer.
Effects of a patient's name and image on medical knowledge acquisition.

Purpose: To assess whether there are differences in medical students’ (MS) knowledge acquisition after being provided a virtual patient (VP) case summary with a patient’s name and facial picture included compared to no patient’s name or image. Method: 76 MS from four clerkship blocks participated. Blocks one and three (Treatment group) were provided case materials containing the patient’s name and facial picture while blocks two and four (Control group) were provided similar materials without the patient’s name or image. Knowledge acquisition was evaluated with a multiple-choice-question examination (CQA_K). Results: Treatment group CQA_K scores were 64.6% (block one, n = 18) and 76.0% (block three, n = 22). Control group scores were 71.7%, (block two, n = 17) and 68.4% (block four, n = 19). ANOVA F-test among the four block mean scores was not significant; F (3, 72) = 1.68, p = 0.18, η2=0.07. Only 22.2% and 27.3% of the MS from blocks one and three respectively correctly recalled the patient’s name while 16.7% and 40.9% recalled the correct final diagnosis of the patient. Conclusions: These results suggest that including a patient’s name and facial picture on reading materials may not improve MS knowledge acquisition. Corroborating studies should be performed before applying these results to the design of instructional materials.
New Catalytic Motifs in Flavoenzymology

Abstract Over the past decade several unanticipated major discoveries have been made in flavoenzymology. These include three new flavin intermediates: prenylated flavin, flavin-N5-oxide, and N5 alkylated flavin. Several novel variants of the flavin-dependent Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement have been reported. The mechanisms of enzymes that use flavin as a substrate—dimethylbenzimidazole synthase, 8-amino flavin synthase and riboflavin lyase have been elucidated. Major progress has also been made on the biosynthesis of the F420 deazaflavin and a remarkable new flavin-dependent photoenzyme has been reported. In this article, we discuss these recent advances with an emphasis on new biosynthetic mechanisms and strategies.
ARE BETA-BLOCKERS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS IN HFPEF? INSIGHTS FROM THE TOPCAT TRIAL

Elevations in natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are a strong predictor of heart failure outcomes. Beta-blockers decrease NP levels in HF with reduced ejection fraction, but their effects in HF with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are not established. We sought to assess the association of beta-
Psychiatrists as prescribers of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: An untapped resource for HIV prevention among patients living with mental illness

To the Editor:The HIV epidemic in the United States has been a public health concern for over 40 years. In the past 20 years, we have witnessed significant progress in the treatment and prevention ...
African Migrant Christians Changing the Landscape of Christianity in the West: Reading the Signs of the Times

Gone are the days when one could clearly define the contours of western Christianity. Such a description must necessarily account for the influences of African expressions of Christianity and African religiosity in general. From the role of religious leaders to the very expressions of Christian rituals in the western world, Africa continues to play a prominent role. This is particularly true for the North American continent where several hundreds of ordained ministers originally from the African continent are ministering. Since Africa is not a monolithic continent, a legitimate question arises: What do we mean by the adjective “African” in the contexts of speaking of both an African identity and African Christianity? This chapter offers a response to the question by first exploring the colonial consciousness of the word. It proceeds further to show innovative ways contemporary Africans reinterpret the word as a pathway for new imaginations of community and self—imaginations that are intentionally inclusive. Furthermore, this work sheds light on the successes and challenges facing African Christians as they navigate western socio-cultural identities both as diaspora African communities and as individuals, especially in the American context.
Information and Communication Technology in Organizations: An Evolutionary Perspective

Human beings have “managed” information from times immemorial but information and communication technology (ICT) surged from the mid-twentieth century and advances ever faster. Firstly, this precis points out the growing role of information in modern society. Exploring the historical context of technological revolutions but referencing in particular recent demographic patterns and globalization too, the precis then reflects on pre-eminent first-order results from enhanced use of ICT in organizations. Finally, the precis draws attention to future challenges and summons better understanding of how ICT might help deliver requisite organizational agility.
Messaging to Improve Response Rates: Eﬀectiveness of Pre-Survey SMS Messages

Response rates remain low in phone surveys compared to face-to-face data collection (see here for a similar brief on response rates). This is especially true for random digit dial (RDD) or similar “cold call” phone surveys, which are necessary in the absence of a sample frame of reliable phone numbers. This brief presents early evidence from a series of experiments IPA conducted in 4 countries during 2020 to learn whether pre-survey messages, typically SMS texts, improve the rates at which respondents answer the phone, and complete the interview, with the ultimate goal of increasing the productivity of phone surveys. We find that, on average, SMS messages improve the rate at which respondents complete the survey relative to no message. This change is not driven by the rate at which respondents answer the phone, but by survey completion conditional on starting the survey. Random variation in message content had no significant effect on the rate at which respondents answer and complete phone surveys. The sample that resulted from the SMS message treatment had a composition that was on average younger and less likely to be predicted to be in poverty than the other treatment and control groups.
Judicial Partisanship and Obedience to Legal Doctrine: Whistleblowing on the Federal Courts of Appeals

In traditional legal analysis, scholars take for granted the effect of Supreme Court doctrine. Lower courts are presumed to adhere to the self-enforcing principle of stare decisis and to apply the doctrines of higher courts to the particular facts of the underlying case.1 Precedent reputedly controls lowercourt decisions.2 Whether such obedience to legal doctrine occurs as routinely as this analysis suggests, however, has not been adequately addressed in the legal literature. Indeed, there are few empirical studies by legal scholars bearing on the matter at all.3 In this Essay, we go to the heart of the issue and
A Conceptual Framework for Foundation Practicum and Seminar

Abstract In an attempt to reduce barriers to theory-practice integration, the Progressive Adaptation and Integration Model was developed to provide a conceptual base for foundation practicum and practicum seminar. The model describes a process of student development during the foundation year in which the goal is students' progressive adaptation and integration with the social work profession. Students must determine their sense of fit with salient dimensions of beginning social work practice as experienced through practicum and seminar. Using the model, the role of the seminar has been enhanced as a vehicle for delivering instructional content with a focus on teaching integration.
Polarity in gene araB of the l-Arabinose operon in Escherichia coli B/r.

A series of mutations are described which map in the araB gene of the l-arabinose operon and exert a polar effect on gene araA, the structural gene for the l-arabinose isomerase. Ten of the 20 araB point mutants examined exhibited absolute polarity and may represent insertions of genetic material into the araB gene. The remaining 10 point mutants exhibit strong polarity (less than 10% of the normal wild-type inducible level of isomerase) and may represent a class of externally suppressible polar mutations other than amber or ochre. Seven of the 12 araB deletion mutants examined, or 58%, exhibit polarity, suggesting that a shift in the reading frame has been generated in the polycistronic message for the l-arabinose operon. The remaining, presumably in-phase, deletion mutants exhibit hyperinducible levels of isomerase, an effect that is eliminated when an araB+ gene is introduced in the trans position. The hyperinducibility effect is discussed in terms of a model for self-catabolite repression, originally proposed by Katz and Englesberg.
A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR SOME CASES OF THE “SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)”

Investigations by a physician trained in forensic pediatrics were made following six consecutive SIDS episodes in order to test the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between home thermal environment and SIDS. In four cases,autopsy had been performed, and SIDS given as a cause of death on the death certificate. In addition to measurements of temperature at various sites in the area where the infant had died, a detailed history was taken, and the scene of the death recreated. Environmental factors, such as the type of bedcovers, condition of the crib, and source and condition of the heat supply were noted. In each of the cases, asphyxia was the appararent cause of death. These include: 1)noxious gases in a tightly sealed basement apartment with a faulty heater; 2)face down smothering in a spongy pillow that had wrapped around the face; 3) three heavy blankets covering an infant in a body cast who was sleeping in a prone position; 4)three cases of mothers sleeping in the same bed as their infants, in which death was associated with maternal overlay. This study suggests that a significant number of infant deaths attributed to SIDS may have a definable cause which can be uncovered by careful investigation, and that the incidence figures given for unexplained infant death may be questioned.
ABO hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: an iatrogenic complication of heterologous assisted reproductive technology-induced pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: ABO hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (ABO HDFN) may manifest itself in cases of mothers belonging to blood group O and newborns of groups A or B and more frequently in group A and less so in group B. CASE STUDY: The case subjects are twin-birth newborns with ABO HDFN, of group AB born to a mother of group O. These cases of ABO HDFN prove inconsistent with Mendel's law of segregation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This case study finds its explanation in new methods of assisted reproduction, particularly heterologous in vitro fertilization with ovodonation.
Moore's Law and its Effect on Microscopy in the Semiconductor Industry

In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the number of components in an integrated circuit would double every year [1]. The drive for higher performance with greater economy has been a major factor in the pursuit of Moore's Law. Device scaling is expected to continue without interruption, and products manufactured using a nominal 22nm feature size should become commercially available by the year 2011. This paper will detail the technology enablers that make Moore's Law possible, and the improvements in microscopy techniques required to meet the challenges that Moore's Law presents.
Partial depletion of striatal dopamine enhances penetrance of cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are recognized to coexist on a spectrum of neurodegeneration, and it has been proposed that molecular interactions among pathogenic proteins are a basis for the overlap between these two diseases. We instead hypothesize that degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system enhances the clinical penetrance of early stage AD. To determine the effect of striatal dopamine on the pathological effects in an experimental model of AD, APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice received striatal injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). Animals were tested in a Barnes maze protocol and a water T-maze protocol at different ages to determine the onset of cognitive impairment. APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice that received 6OHDA injections showed significant impairment in Barnes maze performance at an earlier age than controls. Additionally, at 12 months of age APPswe/PS1ΔE9+6OHDA mice demonstrated worse behavioral flexibility in a task-switch phase of the water T-maze than other groups. To determine the neuroprotective effects of dopaminergic neurotransmission against Aβ42 toxicity, neuronal branch order and dendrite length was quantified in primary medium spiny neuron (MSN) cultures pretreated with increasing doses of the D1 and D2 receptor agonists before being exposed to oligomerized Aβ42. While there was no difference in Aβ peptide levels or plaque burden between groups, in murine MSN culture dopaminergic agonists prevented a toxic response to Aβ42. Depletion of dopamine in the striatum exacerbated the cognitive impairment seen in a mouse model of early stage AD, which may be due to a protective effect of dopaminergic innervation against Aβ striatal neurotoxicity.
Some chemical and physical properties of microsomes.

Abstract Microsomes from a number of rat tissues have been examined with respect to certain chemical and physical properties. In addition to a Mg-activated ATP-ase, the microsomes contain adenylic kinase and adenylic deaminase. By extrusion of the microsomal gel into 10 −3 magnesium chloride, artificial fibers are obtained with internal structures resembling cytoplasmic fibrils.
Magnetic moments of excited states in the stable chromium isotopes.

The g factors of the first ${2}_{1}^{+}$ states in $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$ and $^{54}\mathrm{Cr}$ have been measured by the perturbed angular correlation/transient field technique. The results, g(${2}_{1}^{+}$, $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$)=+0.45(15) and g(${2}_{1}^{+}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Cr}$)=+0.53(12), are compared to shell model calculations.
Kinetics and thermochemistry of the addition of atomic chlorine to acetylene

Article on the kinetics and thermochemistry of the addition of atomic chlorine to acetylene.
Ultraviolet light induced murine suppressor lymphocytes dictate specificity of anti-ultraviolet tumor immune responses

Abstract Ultraviolet light (uv)-induced tumors appear to possess unique and common determinants, both of which can function as rejection antigens in appropriate in vivo tumor transplantation assays. We postulate that the common tumor antigens can play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. We have previously reported on the phenomenon of ultraviolet light generated suppressor lymphocytes which mediate susceptibility to transplanted uv-induced murine skin tumors. We now report that these uv generated suppressor cells are capable of specifically inhibiting effector responses directed against the common tumor antigens. A hypothesis is presented to explain how the presence of suppressor cells might account for the observed differences between in vivo and in vitro assays of tumor immunity.
Nonlinear optical properties of induced transmission filters

The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of induced transmission filters (ITFs) based on Ag are experimentally determined using white light continuum pump-probe measurements. The experimental results are supported using simulations based on the matrix transfer method. The magnitude of the NLO response is shown to be 30 times that of an isolated Ag film of comparable thickness. The impacts of design variations on the linear and NLO response are simulated. It is shown that the design can be modified to enhance the NLO response of an ITF by a factor of 2 or more over a perfectly matched ITF structure.
Direct Particle-to-Cell Deposition of Coarse Ambient Particulate Matter Increases the Production of Inflammatory Mediators from Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells

Exposure of cultured cells to particulate matter air pollution is usually accomplished by collecting particles on a solid matrix, extracting the particles from the matrix, suspending them in liquid, and applying the suspension to cells grown on plastic and submerged in medium. The objective of this work was to develop a more physiologically and environmentally relevant model of air pollutant deposition on cultures of human primary airway epithelial cells. We hypothesize that the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter depends strongly on both the particulate dispersion state and the mode of delivery to cells. Our exposure system employs a combination of unipolar charging and electrostatic force to deposit particles directly from the air onto cells grown at an air-liquid interface in a heated, humidified exposure chamber. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to concentrated, coarse ambient particulate matter in this system expressed increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers at 1 h following exposure and relative to controls exposed to particle-free air. More importantly, these effects are seen at particulate loadings that are 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than levels applied using traditional in vitro systems.
Generalized wave-particle fluctuations

Abstract Einstein's separation of fluctuations in black-body radiation into wave and particle parts is derived using the methods of the quantum theory of coherence and generalized to apply to all fields. Orders of “wave” fluctuation are defined and applied to m th-order coherence.
Applications of satellite remote sensing data for estimating dry deposition in eastern Texas

Abstract The sensitivity of dry deposition velocities and air quality model predictions to land use/land cover (LULC) is examined. Four LULC data sets are employed; three of the data sets are derived from recent satellite imagery and the fourth data set is the LULC database currently used in air quality models by the State of Texas. Effects of the land cover data on estimates of dry deposition velocities and modeled ozone concentrations are examined using the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) during an 22 August 2000–6 September 2000 episode developed for the Houston/Galveston area. All land cover data sets showed good general agreement with a few significant differences in classification and spatial extent of certain land cover categories. Dry deposition decreased in urban areas with the new land cover data during peak hours on some days, leading to ozone concentrations that were approximately 2 ppb higher in the Houston area. Ozone concentrations were lower west of Houston due to increased stomatal uptake by increased agricultural land coverage in the new data sets. These results indicate that the satellite-based LULC data, specifically the data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, can be used to provide periodic updates to land cover information used in CAMx and similar photochemical models.
Kondo Effect in the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interaction

Thei ndirect interaction between two impurity spins in a dilute magnetic alloy is studied in the temperature region where the Kondo effect is operative, using an extension of the Nagaoka approach. It is found that above the Kondo temperature there is no appreciable alteration in the standard Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida expression (RKKY) for the effective coefficient of interaction, contrary to the results of our previous paper, which predicted that a logarithmic temperature dependence occurs in this temperature region. But, in general, it is found that an additional term ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ occurs in the effective interactions, which may be expressed in terms of the single-impurity $t$ matrix. ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is calculated using both (a) the Nagaoka simple-pole expression for $t(\ensuremath{\xi})$ and (b) the Bloomfield-Hamann solution. We find in case (a) that a ferromagnetic (nonoscillatory) supplement to the standard RKKY interaction arises for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{K}$, but that for case (b), this same interaction term ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is very much smaller than that found in case (a).
Endocrine Basis for Two Types of Individual Differences in Lordosis Reflex Intensity

Abstract We have identified individual differences in two independent types of lordosis reflex intensity. Overall lordosis reflex intensity, averaged across 9.4 ± 0.99 days (range = 1 - 18 days), differs among cycling individuals and is a biomarker for the rate and pattern of reproductive aging. Although estrogen is necessary to permit lordosis reflex responding and manifests individual differences in progesterone that correlated negatively with the individual variation in overall lordosis reflex intensity; females with intense overall lordosis reflexes had low progesterone throughout the estrous cycle. Independent of their overall reflex intensity, females also displayed individual variation in lordosis reflex intensity on proestrus. Among females that still maintained a cyclic lordosis reflex, those with intense lordosis reflexes on proestrus had high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) at lights out. Among females that displayed intense lordosis reflexes throughout the estrous cycle (i.e., had entered constant lordosis), those with intense proestrous lordosis reflexes had low levels of LH at lights out on proestrus. Females who had entered constant lordosis tended to have lower overall progesterone than females who still maintained cyclic patterns of lordosis. Thus, constant lordosis. Thus, constant lordosis was identified as an important component of the changes of reproductive aging.
Concerning the biosynthesis of prostaglandin I2

Abstract Two diastereoisomers, 5 R ,6 R -5-hydroxy-6(9α)-oxido-11α,15 S -dihydroxyprost-13-enoic acid ( 7 ) and 5 S ,6 S -5-hydroxy-6(9α)-oxido-11α,15 S -dihydroxyprost-13-enoic acid ( 10 ) were synthesized for evaluation as possible biosynthetic intermediates in the enzymatic transformation of PGH 2 or PGG 2 into PGI 2 . The synthetic sequence entails the stereospecific reduction of the 9-keto function in PGE 2 methyl ester after protecting the C-11 and C-15 hydroxyls as tbutyldimethylsilyl ethers. The resulting PGF 2α derivative was epoxidized exclusively at the C-5 (6) double bond to yield a mixture of epoxides, which underwent facile rearrangement with SiO 2 to yield the 5 S ,6 S and 5 R ,6 R -5-hydroxy-6(9α)-oxido cyclic ethers. It was found that dog aortic microsomes were unable to transform radioactive 9β-5 S ,6 S [ 3 H] or 9β-5 R ,6 R [ 3 H]-5-hydroxy-6(9α)-oxido cyclic ethers into PGI 2 . Also, when either diastereoisomer was included in the incubation mixture, neither isomer diluted the conversion of [1- 14 C]arachidonic acid into [1- 14 C]PGI 2 .
Using Publicly Available Forest Inventory Data in Climate-Based Models of Tree Species Distribution: Examining Effects of True Versus Altered Location Coordinates

Species distribution models (SDMs) were built with US Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) publicly available plot coordinates, which are altered for plot security purposes, and compared with SDMs built with true plot coordinates. Six species endemic to the western US, including four junipers (Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana, J. monosperma, J. occidentalis, J. osteosperma) and two pinons (Pinus edulis, P. monophylla), were analyzed. The presence–absence models based on current climatic variables were generated over a series of species-specific modeling extents using Random Forests and applied to forecast climatic conditions. The distributions of predictor variables sampled with public coordinates were compared to those sampled with true coordinates using t tests with a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Public- and true-based models were compared using metrics of classification accuracy. The modeled current and forecast distributions were compared in terms of their overall areal agreement and their geographic mean centroids. Comparison of the underlying distributions of predictor variables sampled with true versus public coordinates did not indicate a significant difference for any species at any extent. Both the public- and true-based models had comparable classification accuracies across extent for each species, with the exception of one species, J. occidentalis. True-based models produced geographic distributions with smaller areas under current and future scenarios. The greatest areal difference occurred in the species with the lowest modeled accuracies (J. occidentalis), and had a forecast distribution which diverged severely. The other species had forecast distributions with similar magnitudes of modeled distribution shifts.
Integration strategies for using virtual patients in clinical clerkships

AbstractPurposeTo explore students’ perceptions of virtual patient use in the clinical clerkship and develop a framework to evaluate effects of different integration strategies on students’ satisfaction and perceptions of learning effectiveness with this innovation.MethodA prospective, multiinstitut
Free energy of an inhomogeneous superconductor: A wave-function approach

A method for calculating the free energy of an inhomogeneous superconductor is presented. This method is based on the quasiclassical limit (or Andreev approximation) of the Bogoliubov--de Gennes (or wave function) formulation of the theory of weakly coupled superconductors. The method is applicable to any pure bulk superconductor described by a pair potential with arbitrary spatial dependence, in the presence of supercurrents and external magnetic field. We find that both the local density of states and the free energy density of an inhomogeneous superconductor can be expressed in terms of the diagonal resolvent of the corresponding Andreev Hamiltonian, which obeys the so-called Gelfand-Dikii equation. Also, the connection between the well known Eilenberger equation for the quasiclassical Green's function and the less known Gelfand-Dikii equation for the diagonal resolvent of the Andreev Hamiltonian is established. These results are used to construct a general algorithm for calculating the (gauge invariant) gradient expansion of the free energy density of an inhomogeneous superconductor at arbitrary temperatures.
CEDAR3 in practice: using a large, integrated computer-aided building design system in government design offices

Abstract CEDAR3 has been installed in two design offices of the UK Department of Environment (Property Services Agency). Architects, services engineers and quantity surveyors have used the system for long periods and tested it on real projects of many building types at the outline design stage. Projects ranging from a computer centre to a Royal Navy barracks complex are discussed, together with users reactions to CEDAR. User support, training, documentation, system maintenance and reliability are other issues examined and future requirements identified.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for circulatory support after repair of congenital heart defects.

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used for cardiovascular support in 13 infants and children with complex congenital heart disease and 1 premature neonate treated in preparation for pericardial patch trachenplasty for long-segment tracheal stenosis. Nine patients were weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation These were five (36%) early deaths and four (29%) late deaths. Cannulation sites included right carotid/ jugular vessels, femoral artery and vein, and right atrium and aorta. In 4 patients, the neck vessels were repaired at decannulation. Five survivors had normal growth and neurodevelopmental evaluations at follow-up. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be successfully used as biventricular support in patients with intractable low cardiac output syndrome after repair of congenital heart disease. Best results are obtained in patients who have several hours of stability after operation before initiation of support. Hemorrhagic complications are reduced and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes appear promising with right neck vessel cannulation and repair. No bleeding complications were observed in patients cannulated through the neck vessels.
Changes in Prodynorphin Gene Expression and Neuronal Morphology in the Hypothalamus of Postmenopausal Women

Human menopause is characterised by ovarian failure, gonadotrophin hypersecretion and hypertrophy of neurones expressing neurokinin B (NKB), kisspeptin (KiSS)-1 and oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene transcripts within the hypothalamic infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. In the arcuate nucleus of experimental animals, dynorphin, an opioid peptide, is colocalised with NKB, kisspeptin, ER alpha and progesterone receptors. Moreover, ovariectomy decreases the expression of prodynorphin gene transcripts in the arcuate nucleus of the ewe. Therefore, we hypothesised that the hypertrophied neurones in the infundibular nucleus of postmenopausal women would express prodynorphin mRNA and that menopause would be accompanied by changes in prodynorphin gene transcripts. In the present study, in situ hybridisation was performed on hypothalamic sections from premenopausal and postmenopausal women using a radiolabelled cDNA probe targeted to prodynorphin mRNA. Autoradiography and computer-assisted microscopy were used to map and count labelled neurones, measure neurone size and compare prodynorphin gene expression between premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Neurones expressing dynorphin mRNA in the infundibular nucleus of the postmenopausal women were larger and exhibited hypertrophied morphological features. Moreover, there were fewer neurones labelled with the prodynorphin probe in the infundibular nucleus of the postmenopausal group compared to the premenopausal group. The number of dynorphin mRNA-expressing neurones was also reduced in the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area of postmenopausal women without changes in cell size. No differences in cell number or size of dynorphin mRNA-expressing neurones were observed in any other hypothalamic region. Previous studies using animal models provide strong evidence that the changes in prodynorphin neuronal size and gene expression in postmenopausal women are secondary to the ovarian failure of menopause. Given the inhibitory effect of dynorphin on the reproductive axis, decreased dynorphin gene expression could play a role in the elevation in luteinising hormone secretion that occurs in postmenopausal women.
Operating experience with β=0.16 superconducting resonators

The ATLAS heavy‐ion accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory was completed in early 1985. This paper discusses early operating experience with the ATLAS linac, with particular attention to performance of the new β=v/c=0.16 resonators. The average operating field level achieved for these resonators on line is 3.2 MV/m. Results of off‐line tests of the β=0.16 resonators are also presented.
Training day care program personnel in handling child abuse cases: intervention and prevention outcomes

Abstract Attempts have been made to provide day care services as part of a treatment plan and these services are also used as a preventive strategy. Day Care programs have the potential for providing growth experiences, supportive adult role models, and modeling parental skills in an atmosphere of understanding, respect and trust. There is a need, however, for day care professionals and paraprofessionals who come into contact with children to recognize problems of child abuse and neglect and to develop skills to deal with the range of inherent problems. A report on a training program for day care workers is presented in this article. A survey involving 84 day care programs in southeastern Pennsylvania was conducted and comparisons of intervention and prevention activities of two groups: those programs whose staff participated in the training and those whose staff did not. were made. Assessment of intervention activities shows that there is no difference between the groups. However, analysis of prevention activities shows that day care workers in the trained group were significantly more involved in prevention and high risk referral.