cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive Psychology: Conceptual Integration and Links to Underlying Memory Systems

Models postulating 2 distinct processing modes have been proposed in several topic areas within social and cognitive psychology. We advance a new conceptual model of the 2 processing modes. The structural basis of the new model is the idea, supported by psychological and neuropsychological evidence, that humans possess 2 memory systems. One system slowly learns general regularities, whereas the other can quickly form representations of unique or novel events. Associative retrieval or pattern completion in the slow-learning system elicited by a salient cue constitutes the effortless processing mode. The second processing mode is more conscious and effortful; it involves the intentional retrieval of explicit, symbolically represented rulesfrom either memory system and their use to guide processing. After presenting our model, we review existing dual-process models in several areas, emphasizing their similar assumptions of a quick, effortless processing mode that rests on well-learned prior associations and ...
Analysis on the characteristics of alimentary canal cancer deaths in Guangdong province

消化道恶性肿瘤在恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡中占据前列,为更好地对广东省癌症防控提供依据,本研究根据广东省2004-2005年全死因回顾调查资料对消化道恶性肿瘤死亡特征进行分析.1.资料与方法:资料来源于广东省2004-2005年12个县(区、市)第三次死因回顾调查.采取等比例分层整群随机抽样方法[1].利用国家统一的调查方法获得死亡名单与死亡原因,调查人口数来源于当地公安部门提供的2003-2005年每年年末分性别、年龄别的户籍人口数[1].死亡原因采用ICD-10编码[2],编码在C15～C26的定义为消化道恶性肿瘤. 关键词：消化道肿瘤;死亡特征
Estradiol-17 beta effects on lipid metabolism of adipose tissue in nutritionally induced lean and obese ovariectomized ewes.

Nutritionally manipulated lean (68 kg) and obese (87 kg) ovariectomized ewes were administered estradiol-17 beta (E2) or sham implants. Ewes individually had ad libitum access to corn silage. Rates of de novo lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and glycerol and fatty acid release were determined with slices of subcutaneous adipose tissue at 0, 5, and 30 d after implantation. Condition and E2 interacted over time (linear, P less than .12; quadratic, P less than .05) to affect intake. Lean ewes implanted with E2 decreased intake initially after implantation, whereas obese ewes implanted with E2 decreased intake later after implantation. The linear effect of time x condition x E2 interacted (P less than .02) for lipogenesis. Lipogenesis was inhibited in both the lean and obese ewes implanted with E2. Lean compared with obese ewes without E2 had increased lipogenesis at a faster rate over time. Esterification increased (linear, P less than .01) in the lean ewes and decreased (quadratic, P less than .01) in the obese ewes over time. A time x E2 interaction occurred for esterification (P less than .02). Glycerol and fatty acid release were variable over time within condition and E2. A 48-h adipose tissue culture determined the effect of E2 on lipid metabolism. Estradiol-17 beta decreased (P less than .05) lipogenesis, decreased (P less than .08) esterification, and maintained fatty acid and glycerol release. Data in vivo and in culture indicated that E2 acted to decrease de novo lipogenesis and palmitate esterification and had little or no effect on lipolysis.
To ‘Glory in a Gap’: The Wings of the Dove

The ‘largeness of style’ (WDI, p. 208) that is everywhere the mark of the late Jamesian mode, becomes in The Wings of the Dove the ‘rich and obscure and portentous’ (Prefaces, p. 301) setting for a story built on deceit and carried on in the most polite of conversations. ‘Forms and ambiguities’, made ‘charming’ (Prefaces, p. 306) in the hands of such accomplished practitioners as Kate Croy and Aunt Maud, are given licence in the multiplicity of aspects James’s sentences here create, their processive structure, abstract subjects, embedded clauses and uncertainty of reference adding to the general sense of hovering, hidden meaning. Here a soap-opera melodrama, hinging on the exploitation of yet another American heiress, takes on dimension in the surround of James’s style it could never otherwise have had. And, writing at a rare time without impending serialisation to dictate his design, James, delighting in his ‘free hand’, produced a novel remarkably all of a piece, in its allusions and overlapping reference his most resonant.
Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury

This chapter focuses on the pathophysiological principles of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), with special emphasis on the structural, cellular and molecular alterations occurring in ischemic, nephrotoxic and septic AKI. Changing concepts in the disease pathogenesis and approaches to treatment based on pathophysiological principles are also detailed.
Temperature gradient and microstructure evolution in AC flash sintering of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia

ABSTRACTSystematic statistical analysis of the microstructural changes in 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia was performed after flash sintering by alternating current (AC). The micrographs in the gauge section of the specimen were identical to those from DC flash sintered samples while no evident electrode effect was present for AC flash sintered samples. However, finite element modeling revealed a temperature gradient from the surface to the volume of the sintered body. Microstructure gradients, across the width of gauge section, were revealed for the AC flash sintered sample. Classical grain growth models due to Joule heating were insufficient in justifying the microstructural evolution under the simulated temperature distribution. Bimodal grain diameter distributions in flash sintered samples were observed. Therefore, it is proposed that faster grain growth mechanisms activated on a fraction of the grains by electric field/current occurred during flash sintering, and is responsible for the instantaneou...
Book Review: Universities and Indian country: Case studies in tribal-driven research.

Review(s) of: Universities and Indian country: Case studies in tribal-driven research, by Norman, Dennis K., and Kalt, Joseph P. (Eds.). (2015). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. 217 pp. ISBN: 9780816521272.
Delayed (6h) Intracarotid Treatment with TNK-tPA Improves Neurological Functional Recovery after Embolic Stroke in the Unanesthetized Rat

P76 We tested the hypothesis that delayed intra-arterial administration of TNK-tPA increases functional recovery in a model of focal cerebral embolic ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Male unanesthetized Wistar rats (n=22) were subjected to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion using a single fibrin rich clot. TNK-tPA (1.5 mg/kg) was administered intraarterially via an internal carotid catheter at 2 h (n=4), 4 h (n=6) or 6 h (n=6) after MCA occlusion. Non-treated ischemic rats (n=6) were used as a control group. A battery of tests (1. Rotarod test, 2. Adhesive-removal test and 3. Footfault test) was used to evaluate neurological function. Animal body weights were measured before and after MCA occlusion. All rats were sacrificed 28 days after ischemia. Infract volume and gross hemorrhage was measured. Intra-arterial treatment with TNK-tPA at 2h after ischemia significantly (p<0.01) reduced infarct volume (18.6“2.6 % of the contralateral hemisphere) and improved neurological functional recovery compared with the control rats (37.5 ”0.7%). Although infarct volumes were not significantly reduced for rats treated with intra-arterial TNK-tPA at 4h (31.2“3.1 %) and at 6h (32.9”3.1 %) after ischemia, significant (p<0.05) improvements on sensorimotor functions (adhesive removal test at 4, 14, 21, and 28 d ) and significant increases in animal body weight (7 d) were detected in rats treated with TNK-tPA at 4 h and 6h. Gross hemorrhage was 25% (2h), 33% (4h) and 33% (6h), which was not significantly different from gross hemorrhage in the control group (17 %). This study demonstrates that intra-carotid treatment with TNK-tPA even at 6h of the onset of stroke improves neurological functional recovery from brain damage without significantly increasing the incidence of intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the unanesthetized ischemic rat.
Numerical Prediction of Rip Currents on Barred Beaches

The time-dependent evolution of rip currents is investigated in this paper using a numerical model based on Boussinesq-type equations. A numerical wave basin was set up to reproduce the laboratory experiments of Hailer et al. (1997). The bathymetry consists of a barred beach with two rip channels. Waves propagating over the bar break on the bar while those propagating through the gap break closer to the shoreline. This sets up a spatial variation of the wave-induced excess momentum flux and drives a time-varying circulation pattern. Large-scale horizontal eddies are also generated at the edges of the rip channels and advected offshore. Time histories of the measured velocities have been compared with the Boussinesq model predictions. The numerical model reproduces the overall trend in the unsteady behavior of the rip current but pronounced differences are observed in the flow exiting the rip channel.
Proximity to chronic wasting disease, perceived risk, and social trust in the managing agency

This article examined relationships between proximity to chronic wasting disease (CWD) and perceived risk and trust. The sample included 1,606 hunters in one of 10 northern Illinois counties with C...
Live demonstration: High-fidelity brain electrical activity from automatic noise cancelling tripolar concentric ring electrode sensor

Tripolar concentric ring electrode (TCRE) sensors have unique properties. These sensors have been used to acquire various bio-signals such as: electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyography (EMG). Compared to conventional disc electrode signals TCRE EEG (tEEG) has four times better signal-to-noise ratio, eleven times better mutual information and spatial resolution. Since the electrodes of the TCRE sensor are a millimeter apart, signals arising from distant sources produce nearly the same potential on each electrode. Therefore, when the difference of the signals is taken between the electrodes the common signal is cancelled. We have found significant improvements in real-time brain computer interfacing with tEEG compared to EEG. We have also found that we can see higher-frequency signals with tEEG, up to 425 Hz so far, compared to EEG.
Cognitive-behavioral programming and the value of failed interventions: A propensity score evaluation

Recent scholarship suggests treatment effects from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based interventions can significantly reduce rates of prison misconduct. However, these findings may overestima...
Transseptal course of anomalous left main coronary artery originating from single right coronary orifice presenting as unstable angina.

Abstract Transseptal course of coronary artery has often been described as a benign entity; however, this report and literature analysis provides growing evidence of high risk of serious cardiovascular events in this anomaly. We present a case of unstable angina in a patient with anomalous common origin of left and right coronary arteries from a single coronary ostium at the right sinus of Valsalva, with subsequent transseptal course of the left main artery, review of relevant literature, and discussion of possible management options.
The impact of crime rate, experience of crime, and fear of crime on residents’ participation in association: studying 25 districts in the City of Seoul, South Korea

While the majority of studies on community crime have focused on socio-economic characteristics that lead to high or low rates of crime, the impact of crime on community residents’ social ties has received less attention. This study examines the impact of district-level crime rate, experience of crime, and fear of crime on individual community residents’ participation in association—which has been widely seen as an indicator of social capital—in the city of Seoul, South Korea. Moreover, as recent social capital studies look deeper into the different types of neighborhood crime connected to different types of associations, this study separately examines the impact of total crime, violent crime, and property crime on the respondents’ social, civic engagement, reward-based, and online associations. We find that district-level crime rates negatively correlated with all types of associations, but the difference between violent crime and property crime was minimal. Additionally, individual-level experience of crime significantly decreased residents’ participation in social and online associations. However, fear of crime did not show a significant effect on any type of association.
Stability of an Oral Liquid Dosage Form of Trovafloxacin Mesylate and Its Quantitation in Tablets Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay method for the quantitation of trovafloxacin in film-coated tablets and an oral liquid dosage form (10 mg/mL) prepared from tablets has been developed. The assay method is very simple, precise and accurate, with a percent relative standard deviation of 1.8 based on five injections. The recovery from the tablets and the oral liquid dosage form was very close to the label claims. The method is stablilty indicating, since the peak from a degraded sample (using sodium hydroxide) did not interfere with the assay procedure. Furthermore, a number of excipients present in the tablets and the oral liquid dosage form did not interfere with the developed method. The oral liquid dosage form gave uniform results and the drug was stable for at least 14 days when stored in an amber-colored glass bottle at 25 deg C(+/-1). The pH of the formulation did not change.
How to Interview for a First Academic Position

Perhaps the most important conversation that academic clinicians ever have in their career with regard to defining their role, impact, and implications on eventual success, as well as aligning academic goals and fit within a department, is the first job interview. This critical conversation initiates what could be a lifelong relationship and defines the new faculty member’s value/worth/salary. Despite the significance of this first interview, clinicians and scientists routinely receive little training or practice in preparation for it and, perhaps more important, do not learn about the process of negotiating a contract. It is true that all physicians interview for medical school and for a residency, but interviewing for the first academic medicine job is very different. In interviewing for medical school and residency, there is an assessment of overall fit from both sides of the interview, but unlike in the academic position, salary is not negotiated and there is really no negotiating over the specifics for the job.
Measurements of Transient Phenomena in Vapor-Liquid Systems

This article summarizes four methods that were specifically developed to measure transient phenomena in two-phase vapor/liquid systems. Such systems have long been of concern to Professor Franz Mayinger of the Technische Universitat Munchen. The four cases considered here are closely related to some of the phenomena that have benefited from Professor Mayinger’s pioneering research.
The Relationship Between Student–Parent Communication and First-Year Academic Performance

During a time of increasing parental engagement in the lives of college-going students, we examined how first-year students' perceived interaction with their parents predicted their academic perfor...
Conscience and convenience: American victim work in organizational context

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of victim-focused positions inside and outside the criminal justice system, yet little is known about the occupational characteristics and organization...
The Impact of Preoperative Clopidogrel on Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background This study evaluated the impact of preoperative clopidogrel exposure on outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Patients undergoing isolated CABG from January 2010 to February 2018 at a single institution were included. Primary stratification was based on exposure to clopidogrel within 5 days of CABG. Primary outcomes included blood product transfusion and mediastinal reexploration for bleeding. Secondary outcomes included early and late mortality, major postoperative complications, and hospital readmissions. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the risk-adjusted impact of preoperative clopidogrel on post-CABG mortality. Results Isolated CABG was performed in 7048 patients, including 1240 (18%) who had received clopidogrel within 5 days. Patients who received preoperative clopidogrel had higher rates of transfusions (53.4% vs 40.3%, P Conclusions CABG can be safely performed in patients with recent clopidogrel exposure with no increased risk of early or late mortality. However, CABG should be delayed for at least 5 days, if clinically feasible, to minimize transfusions and reoperation risk. In patients with more urgent indications, delaying CABG at least 3 days can mitigate but not eliminate the increased bleeding risk.
Organizing for the ‘gray zone’ fight: early Cold War realities and the CIA’s Directorate of Operations

Despite its portrayal as something new, the concept of the ‘gray zone’ is not novel. It was the Cold War battleground in which the USA and the Soviet Union waged rival unconventional campaigns, and...
Enactment of LDPC Code Over DVB-S2 Link System for BER Analysis Using MATLAB

In this paper, Digital Video Broadcast—Satellite Second Generation (DVB-S2) Simulink model on MATLAB is evaluated. To analyze the performance especially while working on 8PSK modulation, FEC rates as 3/4, 3/5, and 9/10 along with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes chained with Bose–Chaudhuri–Hochquenghem (BCH) codes for effective transmission. To examine this application performance, several entries of energy per symbol noise ratio (Es/No) were changed for model behavior detection. LDPC decoder iteration relationship analysis and LDPC bit error rate analysis have been carried out. After examining this has been evaluated at which FEC rate this model response finest.
Carotid body tumor resection utilizing a covered stent graft to enable resection of the tumor en bloc with the internal carotid artery

Abstract Surgical excision is the primary treatment for carotid body tumors (CBT) and infrequently involves carotid vessels reconstruction. A CBT that extends distally to the level of the skull base makes surgical reconstruction very challenging. We report a case of a 30-year-old man who presented with a CBT (Shamblin III) extending to the base of the skull. A covered stent graft was placed in the internal carotid artery. Subsequently, a successful resection of the tumor with the arterial wall en bloc was performed, leaving the stent graft exposed as a bridge between the two ends of ICA.
Integrated Moving Target Defense and Control Reconfiguration for Securing Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract With the increasingly connected nature of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), new attack vectors are emerging that were previously not considered in the design process. Specifically, autonomous vehicles are one of the most at risk CPS applications, including challenges such as a large amount of legacy software, non-trusted third party applications, and remote communication interfaces. With zero day vulnerabilities constantly being discovered, an attacker can exploit such vulnerabilities to inject malicious code or even leverage existing legitimate code to take over the cyber part of a CPS. Due to the tightly coupled nature of CPS, this can lead to altering physical behavior in an undesirable or devastating manner. Therefore, it is no longer effective to reactively harden systems, but a more proactive approach must be taken. Moving target defense (MTD) techniques such as instruction set randomization (ISR), and address space randomization (ASR) have been shown to be effective against code injection and code reuse attacks. However, these MTD techniques can result in control system crashing which is unacceptable in CPS applications since such crashing may cause catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is crucial for MTD techniques to be complemented by control reconfiguration to maintain system availability in the event of a cyber-attack. This paper addresses the problem of maintaining system and security properties of a CPS under attack by integrating moving target defense techniques, as well as detection, and recovery mechanisms to ensure safe, reliable, and predictable system operation. Specifically, we consider the problem of detecting code injection as well as code reuse attacks, and reconfiguring fast enough to ensure the safety and stability of autonomous vehicle controllers are maintained. By using MTD such as ISR, and ASR, our approach provides the advantage of preventing attackers from obtaining the reconnaissance knowledge necessary to perform code injection and code reuse attacks, making sure attackers can’t find vulnerabilities in the first place. Our system implementation includes a combination of runtime MTD utilizing AES 256 ISR and fine grained ASR, as well as control management that utilizes attack detection, and reconfiguration capabilities. We evaluate the developed security architecture in an autonomous vehicle case study, utilizing a custom developed hardware-in-the-loop testbed.
Not a Chronic Tennis Elbow

Not a Chronic Tennis Elbow Abstract. Lateral elbow pain is a highly unspecific finding and may be caused by one of several possible differential diagnoses. Unfortunately, it is often assumed to be epicondylitis, commonly referred to as tennis elbow, although instability is a frequent cause in chronic cases. In the presented case, it is the less frequent nerve compression of the radial nerve which must also be considered, together with plica syndrome, osteochondritis dissecans and arthrosis of the radiocapitellar joint, as a differential diagnosis of lateral elbow pain.
Prehospital Vital Signs Accurately Predict Initial Emergency Department Vital Signs.

Introduction:Prehospital vital signs are used to triage trauma patients to mobilize appropriate resources and personnel prior to patient arrival in the emergency department (ED). Due to inherent challenges in obtaining prehospital vital signs, concerns exist regarding their accuracy and ability to predict first ED vitals.Hypothesis/Problem:The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between prehospital and initial ED vitals among patients meeting criteria for highest levels of trauma team activation (TTA). The hypothesis was that in a medical system with short transport times, prehospital and first ED vital signs would correlate well.Methods:Patients meeting criteria for highest levels of TTA at a Level I trauma center (2008-2018) were included. Those with absent or missing prehospital vital signs were excluded. Demographics, injury data, and prehospital and first ED vital signs were abstracted. Prehospital and initial ED vital signs were compared using Bland-Altman intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with good agreement as >0.60; fair as 0.40-0.60; and poor as <0.40).Results:After exclusions, 15,320 patients were included. Mean age was 39 years (range 0-105) and 11,622 patients (76%) were male. Mechanism of injury was blunt in 79% (n = 12,041) and mortality was three percent (n = 513). Mean transport time was 21 minutes (range 0-1,439). Prehospital and first ED vital signs demonstrated good agreement for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (ICC 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-0.79); fair agreement for heart rate (HR; ICC 0.59; 95% CI, 0.56-0.61) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; ICC 0.48; 95% CI, 0.46-0.49); and poor agreement for pulse pressure (PP; ICC 0.32; 95% CI, 0.30-0.33) and respiratory rate (RR; ICC 0.13; 95% CI, 0.11-0.15).Conclusion:Despite challenges in prehospital assessments, field GCS, SBP, and HR correlate well with first ED vital signs. The data show that these prehospital measurements accurately predict initial ED vitals in an urban setting with short transport times. The generalizability of these data to settings with longer transport times is unknown.
An Microservices-Based Openstack Monitoring Tool

Monitoring of openstack clouds is an imperative necessity for cloud providers and administrators to analyze and discover what is happening in the cloud. In this paper, a microservices-based openstack monitoring system, namely openstack-reporter, is proposed, aiming at monitoring openstack clouds and providing a convenient tool for the administrators. Openstack-reporter adopting microservices architecture consists of three constituent components where each component is responsible for a single aspect. The connection among these components is implemented with the help of kubernetes DNS-based service discovery and Role-based access control (RBAC) mechanisms. The management of these three components is performed by kubernetes which is devoted to automate rollouts, rollbacks. We have released the openstack-reporter, docker images and kubernetes configurations which can be accessed publicly. One can easily build the openstack monitoring system just by deploying the openstack-reporter in our kubernetes cluster. To validate the performance of the proposed monitoring system, an openstack platform and openstack-reporter have been built in our datacenter and the management center respectively, and the results are displayed.
Pre-natal development of rat nasal epithelia. V: Freeze-fracturing on necklaces of primary and secondary cilia of olfactory and respiratory epithelial cells

Many cilium types have at their proximal base a particulated membrane structure, the so-called ciliary necklace. Necklaces of primary and secondary cilia of olfactory receptor cells and ciliated respiratory cells, and of primary cilia of olfactory supporting cells were studied as a function of embryonic age. Strand numbers in necklaces of primary cilia of these cell types do not differ, but they differ significantly from those of necklaces of secondary cilia. Primary cilia have 2 to 4, but most commonly 3, necklace strands. This is true for necklaces of primary cilia of 8 different nasal cell types: olfactory epithelial basal and glandular cells, vomeronasal receptor and supporting cells, and microvillous respiratory epithelial cells, in addition to the 3 cell types mentioned above. Comparison with other systems suggests that primary cilia resemble flagella of eukaryotic flagellates and spermatozoa of some invertebrates with respect to their number of necklace strands. Average numbers of necklace strands in secondary olfactory cilia increase from 3-4 at the 16th and 17th gestational days to 6-7 in adults. Those in secondary respiratory cilia increase from 2-3 at the 18th and 19th gestational days to 5-6 in adults. Longer cilia have more strands than shorter ones. Necklaces often have free strand endings, also in primary cilia, suggesting that they spiral. Comparing the present data with those in the literature suggests that necklace features occurring during reciliation differ from those of de novo ciliogenesis. Primary and secondary cilia share the following qualities: 1) Membrane regions above necklace strands can differ quite drastically from those below the strands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genome-wide association and function studies identify Mfd as a critical RNA polymerase co-factor at hard-to-transcribe regions

Abstract RNA polymerase (RNAP) encounters various roadblocks during transcription. Given that these obstacles can change the dynamics of RNAP movement, they are likely to influence transcription either directly or through RNAP associated factors. One such factor is Mfd; a highly conserved DNA translocase that is thought to primarily function in repair of DNA lesions that have stalled RNAP. However, the interaction between Mfd and RNAP may also be important for transcription regulation at generally hard-to-transcribe regions where RNAP frequently stalls in living cells, even in the absence of DNA lesions. If so, then Mfd may function as a critical RNAP co-factor and a transcription regulator, at least for some genes. This model has not been directly tested. Here, we assessed the function of Mfd in vivo and determined its impact on RNAP association and transcription regulation. We performed genome-wide studies, and identified chromosomal loci bound by Mfd. We found many genomic regions where Mfd modulates RNAP association and represses transcription. Additionally, we found that almost all loci where Mfd associates and regulates transcription contain highly structured regulatory RNAs. The RNAs in these regions regulate a myriad of biological processes, ranging from metabolism, to tRNA regulation, to toxin-antitoxin functions. We found that transcription regulation by Mfd, at least at the toxin-antitoxin loci, is essential for cell survival. Based on these data, we propose that Mfd is a critical RNAP co-factor that is essential for transcription regulation at difficult-to-transcribe regions, especially those that express structured regulatory RNAs. Significance The Mfd translocase recognizes stalled RNAPs. This recognition is generally thought to facilitate transcription-coupled DNA repair, based largely on data from biochemical studies. Little is known about Mfd’s function in living cells, especially in the absence of exogenous DNA damage. Our data show that Mfd is a critical RNAP co-factor that modulates RNAP association and regulates transcription at various loci, especially those containing highly structured, regulatory RNAs. This work improves our understanding of Mfd’s function in living cells and assigns a new function to Mfd as a regulator of transcription at hard-to-transcribe regions where maintaining transcriptional equilibrium (e.g. at toxin-antitoxin loci) is essential for viability. Altogether, this work also expands our understanding of how transcription is regulated at difficult-to-transcribe loci.
Prevention of deep venous thrombi of lower extremities and nursing of complication after obstetric and gynecologic operations

Objective To discuss the prevention and nursing of DVT after obstetric and gynecologic operations.Methods To retrospectively analyze the prevention and nursing for 55 patients with DVT from April, 2003 to October,2010.DVT occurrence was 2 to 6 days after operation and the morbidity age was from 26 to 74.Results Fifty-four patients of them were cured with effective nursing measures, but one case was transferred to another hospital because the embolus dropped out and induced pulmonary embolism.Conclusions The occurrence of DVT after gynecological operation is related to many factors. Earlier intervention and intensive care of high-risk groups can reduce the incidence of DVT based on the factor of danger and the size of operation. Key words: DVT; Earlier intervention; Nursing
Quadrupolar NMR Relaxation of Aqueous 127I-, 131Xe, and 133Cs+: A First-Principles Approach from Dynamics to Properties.

Quadrupolar NMR relaxation rates were computed for aqueous 133Cs+, 131Xe, and 127I– via Kohn–Sham (KS) density functional theory-based ab initio molecular dynamics and KS calculations of the electr...
Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran matematika berbasis pendidikan lingkungan, di kelas 2 sekolah dasar. Tujuan untuk memasukkan matematika pada basis lingkungan adalah langkah yang moderat agar anak lebih menghayati manfaat dan aplikasi yang sesungguhnya di dunia nyata, bukan hanya gambaran abstrak di pappan tulis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan data diperoleh secara triangulasi (wawancara, obervasi dan dokumentasi). Hasil penelitian ini berupa proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika berbasis lingkungan yang terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, tahapan pelaksanaan, dan tahapan evaluasi pembelajaran. This study aims to describe environmental education-based mathematics learning in grade 2 of elementary school. The aim of including mathematics on an environmental basis is a moderate step so that children can better appreciate the real benefits and applications in the real world, not just abstract images on written pages. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with data obtained by triangulation (interviews, observations and documentation). The results of this study are in the form of an environment-based mathematics learning implementation process consisting of the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the learning evaluation stage.
The George A Leet Business Law Symposium: The Role of Lawyer in Strategic Alliances - Introduction

Introduction to Case Western Reserve University Law School's The George A Leet Business Law Symposium: The Role of Lawyer in Strategic Alliances in Cleveland, Ohio 2003
Continued evaluation of a complete µ-map generation in PET/MR Breast imaging.

173 Objectives: Attenuation correction (AC) is necessary for data quantification in PET imaging. PET reconstructions without AC appear to show areas of low attenuation (patient surface and lungs) as having increased uptake. Traditional methods of generating a transmission-based AC map (µ-map) are unavailable with PET/MR imaging. Instead, MR imaging sequences (DIXON) are utilized to generate the required µ-map. Previous experiments demonstrated the creation of an incomplete µ-map if only the breast coils were utilized (per clinical diagnostic breast MR protocol). A complete µ-map was generated when an additional body matrix coil was placed on the subject’s back. But, the additional coil limits the size of the subject that can be imaged due MR bore clearance issues. Siemens mMR scientists proposed and modified the DIXON based MRAC sequence (permit multiple averages) to allow for creation of complete µ-maps utilizing only the internal body coil. When first testing this solution in 2019, a complete µ-map was generated where the water and fat were flipped in the DIXON sequences producing inaccurate µ-maps and reduced Standardize Uptake Values (SUV). The aim of this project was to validate the creation and application of µ-maps generated with only the internal body coil in breast PET/MR imaging using new MR considerations. Methods: A volunteer was imaged utilizing DIXON sequences with two different coil configurations, the breast plus body matrix coil (the source of truth) and the internal body coil only. Two different types of breast tissue were evaluated this year, one as water (saline) and a second as fat (vegetable oil). To simulate lesions in a patient, three conical 1.5 mL vials containing a clinically relevant concentration of F18-FDG were placed in the mediastinal region of the right breast and in the central regions of both the right and left breasts. SUVs were obtained from regions of interest drawn around all three simulated lesions in both types of breast tissue. These values were compared for each generated µ-map and PET reconstruction - breast and body matrix coils (complete) and internal body coil (complete). Results: Please see Table 1. Conclusions: The results revealed similar SUVmax measurements between the breast and body matrix coils and the internal body coil with a variance of less than 5% regardless of the type of simulated breast tissue. These results indicate that µ-maps created with the internal body coil are a viable alternative to those generated with the breast and body matrix coils. These results should be further assessed and verified with patient imaging rather than simulated breast tissue.
The effects of momentum scattering on exciton motion: observation of nondiffusive transport

Summary form only given. In the study of exciton motion in semiconductors and molecular crystals, it is usually assumed that the mean free path is sufficiently short compared with the relevant length scale that diffusive behavior, governed by Fick's law, is expected. In this case, the exponential decay in time of an optically created grating (e.g., in four-wave mixing, FWM) has a quadratic dependence on the inverse grating spacing 1//spl Lambda/. Our work shows, however, that in high-quality bulk GaAs at low temperature, the momentum scattering rate is reduced, leading to a long mean free path, which is easily observed for length scales <10 /spl mu/m through a nonquadratic dependence of grating decay rate on 1//spl Lambda/. The nominally exponential decay and subquadratic dependence on 1//spl Lambda/ are accurately predicted by a solution of the quantum transport equation as a function of momentum scattering rate.
Degradation of Glycosaminoglycans by Tadpole Tissue DIFFERENCES IN ACTIVITY TOWARD CHONDROITIN 4-SULFATE AND CHONDROITIN 6-SULFATE

Abstract A preparation from tadpole tail fin has been previously shown to degrade hyaluronic acid. This preparation has now been examined for activity in degrading other glycosaminoglycans. Dermatan sulfate, heparin, and chondroitin 6-sulfate are completely resistant. Chondroitin 4-sulfate, however, is degraded. This selective activity toward chondroitin 4-sulfate presents a possible means of obtaining chondroitin 6-sulfate free from chondroitin 4-sulfate and a method of assaying relative amounts of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in mixtures.
A Cultural-Historical Approach to Closing the Achievement Gap

Speculation on the nature of and solutions to the systematic and persistent differences in U.S. school achievement based on ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) are ubiquitous in the soc...
Frank Knight and The Economic Organization

A genealogical investigation of Frank Knight's little textbook, The Economic Organization (EO), which has a history separate from, and perhaps even in tension with, its author. Where did this text come from? What is its history? What essays and manuscripts are its predecessors? Was the text stable over time or did it change? If it changed, what happened? And what may have prompted the changes? What copyright date, if any, should be assigned to EO? Answers to these questions will also help to contextualize the book, both in its time and in relation to Knight's other work. The paper also asks how EO influenced the transformation of economics textbooks during the mid-twentieth century?
THE NEED FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING EDUCATION

As engineering specialization has increased, engineering education has also become more specialized in order to keep up with advances in technology. Likewise, engineering faculty have tended to become more specialized to keep pace with such advances, and to conduct research and publish at the leading edge of their fields. These circumstances have exacerbated the problems of melding specialized skills into a form for achieving the best designs of complex systems. The writers believe that it is essential: To require adequate preparation in systems engineering for every engineering graduate. To provide opportunities for generalization in systems engineering for those who wish to become “general practitioners” capable of integrating the various specialized skills needed. The writers suggest an approach to satisfying these needs that would complement rather than compete with existing engineering disciplines.
Gapped Surface States in a Strong-Topological-Insulator Material

Topological-crystalline-insulators and strong-topological-insulator phases of matter can be present in a single system. This is demonstrated using photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and band structure calculations.
Rapid, high yield, solution-mediated transformation of polycrystalline selenium powder into single-crystal nanowires

Single-crystal selenium nanowires were successfully synthesized for the first time by a convenient solution-mediated transformation of polycrystalline powder, and characterized by SEM, XRD, TEM and HRTEM.
The design and implementation of the control and integration software of a flexible manufacturing system

The concepts of a methodology for designing and implementing the control and integration software of computer-integrated manufacturing systems are presented. The goal of this methodology is to build flexible and reusable software. Software flexibility is obtained by decoupling the process plan models from the factory floor model and by designing generic control algorithms. Reusability is achieved by building self-contained software/hardware components with general, possibility parametrized, interfaces. These reusable components can be used to populate manufacturing software libraries. Off-the-shelf components can then be assembled into manufacturing systems. Moreover, the interplay between simulated and actual hardware internals of software/hardware components is used as the basis of a testing strategy that performs offline simulation followed by incremental online testing. The application of the methodology to the design and implementation of the control and integration software of a prismatic machining cell is reported. A highly efficient implementation of this software has been carried out in the Ada programming language and is fully operational. >
Threonine requirement of healthy adults, derived with a 24-h indicator amino acid balance technique

BACKGROUND Because we question the validity of the 1985 FAO/ WHO/UNU upper requirement for threonine of 7 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), we proposed a tentative mean requirement of 15 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess threonine adequacy at 3 test intakes and the consequences of a 6-d compared with a 13-d dietary adaptation phase. DESIGN We used a 24-h indicator amino acid balance technique ([1-(13)C]leucine as indicator) to assess the threonine requirement. Fifteen healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive 7, 15, or 46 mg threonine x kg(-1) x d(-1) and were studied after 6 and 13 d of adaptation to the experimental diets. Diets were based on an L-amino acid mixture in which the threonine content was varied. At 1700 on days 6 and 13, a 24-h intravenous [(13)C]leucine tracer infusion protocol was begun to assess leucine oxidation and daily leucine balances. RESULTS There was no detectable effect of duration of dietary adaptation in leucine oxidation or balance, but the 24-h leucine oxidation and balances differed significantly between the 7-mg intake and each of the 2 higher intakes (P < 0.05). The latter were not significantly different. The 24-h leucine oxidation rate decreased across threonine intakes (P < 0.01 for main effect of diet, independent of infusion day). Leucine oxidation was highly correlated (r = 0.80) between the 2 dietary adaptation phases across all test intakes. CONCLUSION The 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU threonine recommendation is inadequate, and 15 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) is sufficient to achieve mean indicator (leucine) amino acid balance.
Design and validation of a test fixture to model hand arm vibration syndrome using cultured mammalian cells

Hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a condition that is commonly associated with exposure to vibration from operating power tools. The purpose of this project is to design a test fixture to vibrate cultured mammalian cells while providing an appropriate temperature for the cells while on the fixture. The second aim of this study is to validate the test fixture to assure that the vibratory stimulus applied to the fixture vibrates all the cells at the same frequency and acceleration, and that the stimulus does not cause cell necrosis.
Optical Stress Analysis Using Moire Fringe And Laser Speckles

The paper reviews a series of experimental stress analysis methods using moire fringe and laser speckles. An analogy is drawn between the two groups of methods showing that moire methods are special cases of speckle methods. Difference between the two approaches are also pointed out. The experimental methods discussed include the analysis of plane stress and general three-dimensional problems, static and dynamic bending of plates, steady state vibration and transient stress problems.
Abstract 5454: Drug effect analysis of methoxyamine through quantifying the drug on its therapeutic target

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Methoxyamine (MX) is the first DNA base-excision-repair (BER) inhibitor evaluated in humans. MX potentiates the cytotoxicity of alkylating and antimetabolic agents by condensing with DNA apurinic/pymidinic (AP) sites which are produced through the removal of alkylated or abnormal nucleobases from DNA backbone by DNA glycosylases. The formation of AP-MX complex blocks the BER pathway, and hence reverses tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. The further repair of MX-bound DNA by topoisomerase II results in ds-DNA breaks, and induces tumor cell death. In this work, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of AP-MX complex released from MX-bound DNA by a multi-enzyme system. The enzyme-released AP-MX (i.e., deoxyribose-MX, or dR-MX) was first separated from the enzyme digestion matrix on a Hypercarb® column, and then quantitated by a triple quadrupole mass analyzer using multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode with a mass transition of m/z 164 > 117. The calibration curve which corresponds to 3.55 to 227 AP-MX complexes/107 bases was established using AP-MX calibrators obtained by serial dilution of DNA oligomer containing known amount of AP-MX complex in blank calf thymus DNA. The method developed has been applied to AP-MX analysis of DNA extracts from T98G cells treated with temozolomide with MX, and blood samples from an ongoing Phase I study of methoxyamine and temozolomide in patient with advanced solid tumors. The dose, AP-MX complex, and time profiles have been obtained. This method provides a quantitative measure of methoxyamine at its proposed target sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5454. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5454
The role of diphosphatidylinositol in erythrocyte membrane shape regulation

Abstract Rabbit erythrocyte ghosts were transformed from echinocytes to discocytes by 1 mM Mg-ATP at 25°C. This shape transformation was completely inhibited by either 0.5 mM neomycin or 10 μM Ca2+. Either agent could also transform discocytic ghosts formed by preincubation with 1 mM Mg-ATP back to echinocytes. Under identical conditions, 10 μM Ca2+ or 0.5 mM neomycin inhibited the formation of 32 P labeled disphosphatidylinositol by 80% in the presence of 1 mM Mg-[γ -32P]-ATP. Ca2+ and neomycin also decreased diphosphatidylinositol prelabeled with 32 P by 80%. The results of this study suggest that Mg-ATP induces an echinocytic-discocytic shape transformation by stimulating the formation of membrane diphosphatidylinositol through phosphorylation of a membrane substrate. Neomycin and Ca2+ may produce shape changes by decreasing the levels of diphosphatidylinositol. The effects of neomycin and Ca2+ on the phosphorylation of bands 2 and 3 proteins and other phospholipids were also determined.
Inservice science teachers' views of a professional development workshop and their learning of force and motion concepts

Abstract Teacher attitudes affect their instruction such that positive teacher attitudes enhance the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to explore inservice science teachers' views of learning physics within the context of a professional development experience and to investigate the relationship between those views and the teachers' understanding of force and motion concepts. The conceptual understanding pretest results indicate the need for inservice science teacher professional development that focuses on conceptual understanding. The relationship between participants' views and their conceptual understanding at posttest has additional implications for the curriculum for these science teachers' professional development experiences.