cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hanbury-Brown–Twiss analysis in a solvable model

The analysis of meson correlations by Hanbury-Brown--Twiss interferometry is tested with a simple model of meson production by resonance decay. We derive conditions which should be satisfied in order to relate the measured momentum correlation to the classical source size. The Bose correlation effects are apparent in both the ratio of meson pairs to singles and in the ratio of like to unlike pairs. With our parameter values, we find that the single particle distribution is too distorted by the correlation to allow a straightforward analysis using pair correlation normalized by the singles rates. An analysis comparing symmetrized to unsymmetrized pairs is more robust, but nonclassical off-shell effects are important at realistic temperatures.
Mating behavior and the evolutionary significance of mate guarding in three species of crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Three species of crane flies-Dactylolabis montana, Limonia simulans,and Antocha saxicola-gather near streams to mate and oviposit. All species are polygamous and sex ratios at these sites are male-biased. After a short mating bout, males guard females by standing over them during oviposition. Sperm competition appears to be intense and to follow last-male advantage, based on the packing of sperm within the two elongate spermathecae. Males of A. saxicolasuccessfully defend against rivals over 85% of the time. In contrast, defending males of D. montanaand L. simulanslose the female over 65% of the time during interactions with rivals. Despite the high frequency of loss, defending males gain additional oviposition time by engaging rivals in combat while the female continues to oviposit. Thus, a guarding male does not have to retain the female for guarding to be adaptive. Legs and claws of all species are sexually dimorphic and play an important role in guarding and defending.
Cognitive impairments associated with CFS and POTS

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by fatigue, sleep dysfunction, and cognitive deficits (Fukuda et al., 1994). Research surrounding cognitive functioning among patients with CFS has found difficulty with memory, attention, and information processing. A similar disorder, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), is characterized by increased heart rate, fatigue, and mental cloudiness (Raj et al., 2009). Potential implications of cognitive deficits for patients with CFS and/or POTS are discussed, including difficulties with school and/or employment. A few biological theories (i.e., kindling, impairments in the central nervous system, and difficulty with blood flow) have emerged as potential explanations for the cognitive deficits reported in both CFS and POTS Future research should continue to examine possible explanations for cognitive impairments in CFS and POTS, and ultimately use this information to try and reduce cognitive impairments for these patients.
Opioid Inhibition of Dopamine Release From Nervous Tissue of Mytilus Edulis and Octopus Bimaculatus

Morphine and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalin as well as other opioids suppress potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled dopamine from neurons tissue of two marine invertebrates, Mytilus edulis and Octopus bimaculatus. Naloxone reverses the inhibitory effects in both species. Potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled serotonin is not altered by opioids. It is postulated that opiate receptors and their endogenous effectors play a prominent role in regulation of transmitter release in invertebrates.
A Root-Cause Analysis of Mortality Following Major Pancreatectomy

Although mortality rates from pancreatectomy have decreased worldwide, death remains an infrequent but profound event at an individual practice level. Root-cause analysis is a retrospective method commonly employed to understand adverse events. We evaluate whether emerging mortality risk assessment tools sufficiently predict and account for actual clinical events that are often identified by root-cause analysis. We assembled a Pancreatic Surgery Mortality Study Group comprised of 36 pancreatic surgeons from 15 institutions in 4 countries. Mortalities after pancreatectomy (30 and 90 days) were accrued from 2000 to 2010. For root-cause analysis, each surgeon “deconstructed” the clinical events preceding a death to determine cause. We next tested whether mortality risk assessment tools (ASA, POSSUM, Charlson, SOAR, and NSQIP) could predict those patients who would die (n = 218) and compared their prognostic accuracy against a cohort of resections in which no patient died (n = 1,177). Two hundred eighteen deaths (184 Whipple’s resection, 18 distal pancreatectomies, and 16 total pancreatectomies) were identified from 11,559 pancreatectomies performed by surgeons whose experience averaged 14.5 years. Overall 30- and 90-day mortalities were 0.96% and 1.89%, respectively. Individual surgeon rates ranged from 0% to 4.7%. Only 5 patients died intraoperatively, while the other 213 succumbed at a median of 29 days. Mean patient age was 70 years old (38% were >75 years old). Malignancy was the indication in 90% of cases, mostly pancreatic cancer (57%). Median operative time was 365 min and estimated blood loss was 700 cc (range, 100–16,000 cc). Vascular repair or multivisceral resections were required for 19.7% and 15.1%, respectively. Seventy-seven percent had a variety of major complications before death. Eighty-seven percent required intensive care unit care, 55% were transfused, and 35% were reoperated upon. Fifty percent died during the index admission, while another 11% died after a readmission. Almost half (n = 107) expired between 31 and 90 days. Only 11% had autopsies. Operation-related complications contributed to 40% of deaths, with pancreatic fistula being the most evident (14%). Technical errors (21%) and poor patient selection (15%) were cited by surgeons. Of deaths, 5.5% had associated cancer progression—all occurring between 31 and 90 days. Even after root-cause scrutiny, the ultimate cause of death could not be determined for a quarter of the patients—most often between 31 and 90 days. While assorted risk models predicted mortality with variable discrimination from nonmortalities, they consistently underestimated the actual mortality events we report. Root-cause analysis suggests that risk prediction should include, if not emphasize, operative factors related to pancreatectomy. While risk models can distinguish between mortalities and nonmortalities in a collective fashion, they vastly miscalculate the actual chance of death on an individual basis. This study reveals the contributions of both comorbidities and aggressive surgical decisions to mortality.
Particle and heat flux measurements in PDX edge plasmas

Abstract This paper describes the use of novel combined Langmuir-calorimeter probes to measure edge plasma conditions near the midplane in PDX. The probes consisted of up to five Langmuir probes and up to two calorimeters. Single and double probe characteristics yield n e and T c which are compared with results derived from a triple probe analysis. The calorimeters measure heat flux in the electron and ion drift directions. This paper presents time-resolved radial profiles of n e , T e , V F (floating potential),and P (heat flux) during high power neutral beam-heated, single-null discharges and circular scoop limiter discharges. The temporal dependence of these quantities displays the previously observed behavior with respect to gross discharge characteristics; however, an additional dependence on confinement mode has been observed. During the H-mode of energy confinement, a transient depression of n e , T e , and P occur in the scrape-off plasma.
Expression, purification, and identification of associated proteins of the full-length hCDK12/CyclinK complex.

The coupling of transcription and associated processes has been shown to be dependent on the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) and the phosphorylation of the heptad repeats of which it is composed (consensus sequence Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7). Two primary S2 position CTD kinases have been identified in higher eukaryotes: P-TEFb and CDK12/CyclinK. The more recently discovered CDK12 appears to act at the 3′-end of the transcription unit and has been identified as a tumor suppressor for ovarian cancer; however much is still unknown about the in vivo roles of CDK12/CyclinK. In an effort to further characterize these roles we have purified to near homogeneity and characterized, full-length, active, human CDK12/CyclinK, and identified hCDK12-associated proteins via mass spectrometry. We find that employing a “2A” peptide-linked multicistronic construct containing CDK12 and CyclinK results in the efficient production of active, recombinant enzyme in the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system. Using GST-CTD fusion protein substrates we find that CDK12/CyclinK prefers a substrate with unmodified repeats or one that mimics prephosphorylation at the S7 position of the CTD; also the enzyme is sensitive to the inhibitor flavopiridol at higher concentrations. Identification of CDK12-associating proteins reveals a strong enrichment for RNA-processing factors suggesting that CDK12 affects RNA processing events in two distinct ways: Indirectly through generating factor-binding phospho-epitopes on the CTD of elongating RNAPII and directly through binding to specific factors.
Modeling and optimizing a gas-water reservoir: enhanced recovery with waterflooding

Accepted practice dictates that waterflooding of gas reservoirs should commence, if ever, only when the reservoir pressure has declined to the minimum production pressure. Analytical proof of this hypothesis has yet to appear in the literature however. This paper considers a model for a gas-water reservoir with a variable production rate and enhanced recovery with waterflooding and, using an initial dynamic programming approach, confirms the above hypothesis.
German unification and the continuity of discontinuities: Cultural change and the far right in east and west

This paper contrasts the right‐wing potential in east and west Germany before and after unification in 1990 and relates it to patterns and changes in the east and west German political processes. The first is a restructuring of the political spectrum of the Bonn Republic prior to the fall of the Wall in which an electoral potential for new right‐wing parties has emerged. The second is the rapid and fundamental transformation process in the east and after the collapse of state socialism which takes place in the context of a modified subject culture with authoritarian and traditional patterns. Unification reinforces authoritarian and traditional patterns. Unification enforces those dynamics which had prepared the ground for the emergence of the New Right in the west while adding the insecurities and imponderabilities of the transformation process in the east.
Modeling and control of nonlinear plants

A method of modeling nonlinear plants is presented which uses established piecewise-linear approximations to nonlinear systems, but provides a reduction to the number of approximations needed. The reduction in the number of approximations is achieved with the addition of time-correlated plant noise, similar to the method of correlated acceleration applied to the problem of tracking a maneuvering target.
Periodontal effects of fixed partial denture retainer margins: configuration and location.

Abstract Our purpose was to study the periodontal response to posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) retainers with different marginal configurations and locations. One posterior proximal site restored with a clinically acceptable FPD and one matched, unrestored posterior proximal site were examined in 60 subjects. Assessments were made of the FPD retainers and the periodontal responses to both the long-term and short-term use of these retainers. Periodontal examination included assessment of probing depth and bleeding on probing and determination of plaque index and the gingival index scores. Statistical analysis showed that “clinically acceptable” FPDs, which had clinically detectable deviations from an ideal (flat) retainer/tooth configuration, were not associated with increased probing depth or bleeding on probing when compared to the matched, unrestored teeth at both examinations. As a group, sites adjacent to subgingival retainer margins were not associated with greater probing depths than sites adjacent to supragingival retainer margins. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to variations of FPD margin configuration and location, within clinically acceptable but less than ideal parameters, are not associated with the destruction of the supporting periodontal tissues.
Raw and Heated Full Fat Soybeans in Laying Diets

Abstract Graded levels of raw soybeans replaced soybean meal as a protein source for laying hens. Only the hens fed 20% raw soybeans in the diet laid significantly fewer eggs than hens fed no raw soybeans. As the percentage of raw soybeans in the diet increased, there was a trend toward lower egg weight and body weight. Pancreas weights increased at an increasing rate as higher levels of raw soybeans were fed. In a second experiment soybean protein was provided by roasted or extruded soybeans, soybean meal, or soybean meal and raw soybeans. All treatments gave similar egg production. Egg weight and body weight were highest when hens were fed soybean meal with added oil. Performance was generally equal from all soybean sources. A computer formulated least cost laying diet showed that full fat soybeans would have been used at some times over the past three years if available.
Suitable vehicles: Framing blame and justice when children kill a child:

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of English and Norwegian newspaper coverage of two child-on-child homicides from the 1990s. Domestic coverage of the English case of James Bulger presented it as alarmingly symptomatic of deep-seated moral decline in Britain that only tough, remoralizing strategies could address. Coverage of the Norwegian case of Silje Redergard constructed it as a tragic one-off, requiring expert intervention to facilitate the speedy reintegration of the boys responsible. Four sets of plausible explanations are offered to account for differences in the ways the two cases were constructed. First, different cultural constructions of childhood endure in each country and these condition the responses deemed appropriate for children who commit grave acts. Second, the dominant claims makers were very different in each jurisdiction with consequences for the quality of the discourses readers encountered. Third, while the legitimacy of elite expertise appears to survive in Norway, it appears to ail in Britain, and addressing this absence of public confidence has become a political priority. Fourth, a consensual political culture obtains in Norway and this makes Norwegian politicians less susceptible to the temptations experienced by adversarially acculturated English politicians to politicize high-profile crimes.
Search for Slowly Moving Massive Magnetic Monopoles

An array of plastic scintillation counters was used to search for slowly moving, weakly ionizing particles between April and September 1982. The electronically defined velocity acceptance was $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}c$ to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}c$. The sensitivity of the 2.7-${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$-sr detector was gradually increased until the threshold reached about $0.12{I}_{min}$. The decrease of scintillator excitation with velocity very likely introduced a lower velocity cutoff near $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}c$. The flux limit for the high-sensitivity runs corresponds to an aperture-solid-angle-time product of ${(5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
CBS reductions with a fluorous prolinol immobilized in a hydrofluoroether solvent.

A fluorous prolinol precatalyst bearing only 34 fluorine atoms has been immobilized in the hydrofluoroether solvent HFE-7500. The CBS reduction of acetophenone proceeded rapidly, in high yield and in high ee in the absence of any organic solvent. The organic product was stripped from the HFE-7500 phase with a polar solvent, and the HFE-7500 phase was reused “as is” with satisfactory results through eight runs. This process is an attractive prototype for the large-scale use, recovery, and reuse of fluorous organocatalysts.
Reducing risks for antisocial behavior with a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation

Risk factors for conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, and violence are reviewed and related to the known effects of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation. The program reduced three domains of risk for the development of problem behavior. The effects include: (a) a reduction in maternal substance abuse during pregnancy; (b) a reduction in child maltreatment; and (c) a reduction in family size, closely spaced pregnancies, and chronic welfare dependence. These factors—especially when they co-occur—have been shown to increase the risk for conduct disorder, delinquency, crime, and youth violence. There is increasing evidence that comprehensive prenatal and early childhood home visitation programs can affect these risks early in the life cycle and reduce conduct disorder and antisocial behavior among children and youth born into at-risk families. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interfacial shape and contact-angle measurement of transparent samples with confocal interference microscopy

A model has been developed that predicts the effective optical path through a thick, refractive specimen on a reflective substrate, as measured with a scanning confocal interference microscope equipped with a high-numerical-aperture objective. Assuming that the effective pinhole of the confocal microscope has an infinitesimal diameter, only one ray in the illumination bundle (the magic ray) contributes to the differential optical path length (OPL). A pinhole with finite diameter, however, allows rays within a small angular cone centered on the magic ray to contribute to the OPL. The model was incorporated into an iterative algorithm that allows the measured phase to be corrected for refractive errors by use of an a priori estimate of the sample profile. The algorithm was validated with a reflected-light microscope equipped with a phase-shifting laser-feedback interferometer to measure the interface shape and the 68° contact angle of a silicone-oil drop on a coated silicon wafer.
Single Dishes: The Potential of Present-Day Big Dishes and the Promise of the LMT

Single dish antennas are familiar facilities at all millimeter wave astronomical observatories, whether as stand-alone instruments or parts of interferometers. Baars (1983) and an issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE (Imriale & Thorburn 1994) contain summaries of many aspects of modern radio astronomical single dish antennas. Filled-aperture instruments are only one possible form for antennas, and many other types are important at radio astronomy facilities. At millimeter waves, however, the only other principal configuration is the aperture synthesis interferometer, the subject of Jack Welch’s talk (Welch 1995) and the excellent book by Thompson, Moran, and Swenson (1986). Some analysis of the relative strengths and limitations of these instruments is an essential preliminary to properly speculating on their potential best uses. The critical areas for comparison between the two types of instruments are sensitivity, imaging properties, and spatial resolution.
Predictors of long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty: results from the STAR registry.

PURPOSE To identify variables predictive of long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary patency of 219 limbs in 205 patients from a multicenter registry who underwent femoropopliteal angioplasty between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1994, was prospectively monitored with a combination of angiography, noninvasive hemodynamic testing, and clinical outcome. Patient demographic, angiographic, and hemodynamic variables were examined alone and in combination to determine effect on long-term primary patency. Each limb was graded as Category 1–4 according to the American Heart Association (AHA) criteria for arterial lesions, and differences in outcome for each category were examined. Primary patency and intergroup analysis were determined with use of the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate relative risks for predictive variables. RESULTS Primary patency rates for all limbs (on an intent-to-treat basis) at 12, 24, and 36 months were 87% ± 3%, 80% ± 3%, and 69% ± 5%, respectively. Primary patency at 48 and 60 months was 55% ± 7%. Poor tibial runoff (single tibial vessel with 50%–99% stenosis or occlusion) was most predictive of occlusion (relative risk 8.5, P P P = .006), and no significant difference in patency was observed between Category 2 and 3 lesions ( P = .65). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed only the stratified runoff score and the presence of diabetes to be significant determinants of long-term patency. CONCLUSION Poor tibial runoff is most predictive of lower long-term patency rates. Diabetes is also independently associated with lower long-term patency rates. The criteria that distinguish Category 2 and 3 lesions do not predict differences in long-term patency, nor do they serve to identify lesions best treated with surgical bypass. This suggests that indications for femoral angioplasty can be extended to include longer and more complex Category 3 lesions.
Global existence for three‐dimensional incompressible isotropic elastodynamics

The existence of global-in-time classical solutions to the Cauchy problem for incompressible, nonlinear, isotropic elastodynamics for small initial displacements is proved. The generalized energy method is used to obtain strong dispersive estimates that are needed for long-time stability. This requires the use of weighted local decay estimates for the linearized equations, which are obtained as a special case of a new general result for certain isotropic symmetric hyperbolic systems. In addition, the pressure that arises as a Lagrange multiplier to enforce the incompressibility constraint is estimated as a nonlinear term. The incompressible elasticity equations are inherently linearly degenerate in the isotropic case; i.e., the equations satisfy a null condition necessary for global existence in three dimensions. c � 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Some Cigarette Smoke Constituents and other Compounds on the Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene in Rabbit Lung 9000 g Supernatant

1. The inhibitory effects, of a number of compounds, on the formation of two groups of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites in rabbit lung homogenates (9000 g supernatant) have been investigated.2. The inhibitors comprised two groups: those inhibiting primarily benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylase activity, and those inhibiting the activity of the epoxide-metabolizing enzymes as well as hydroxylase activity. Phenol, 1-naphthol, nicotine and acetone belong to the former group; naphthalene, anthracene and chlorpromazine to the latter group.3. The most active inhibitors also caused a significant decrease in the amount of benzo(a)pyrene bound covalently to tissue macromolecules.
Herbicides, Pyridine Carboxylate

The pyridinecaboxylates, dithiopyr, and thiazopyr are a new class of mitotic inhibitor herbicides used for the control of grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds in turf, rice, and oranges and grapefruits. Dithiopyr and thiazopyr are the commercial entries from a large patent estate and share the common characteristic of having bis-pentafluoro alkyl substitutions at the 2′ and 6′ positions on a pyridine ring. The pyridineczrboxylates have high unit activity, low water solubility, and bind tightly to organic matter, properties that are similar to the dinitroaniline herbicides. The pyridinecarboxylates have low mammalian and avian toxicity, and they are rapidly metabolized and eliminated. Discovery and understanding of the enzyme systems responsible for pyridinecarboxylate metabolism has led to the isolation of the genes for these systems. Transformation of plants with these genes has resulted in plants tolerant to pyridinecarboxylates. Keywords: dithiopyr; thiazopyr; mitotic inhibitors; microtubules
Continuity of Public Insurance Coverage: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Publicly financed insurance programs are tasked with maintaining coverage for eligible children, but published measures to assess coverage have not been evaluated. Therefore, we sought to identify and categorize measures of health insurance continuity for children and adolescents. We conducted a systematic review of Medline and HealthStar databases, review of reference lists of eligible articles, and contact with experts. We categorized measures into 8 domains based on a conceptual framework. We identified 147 measures from 84 eligible articles. Most measures evaluated the following domains: always insured (41%), repeatedly uninsured (36%), and transition out of coverage (29%), while fewer assessed single gap in coverage, always uninsured, transition into coverage, change in coverage, and eligibility. Only 18% of measures assessed associations between continuity of coverage and child and adolescent health outcomes. These results suggest that a number of measures of continuity of coverage exist, but few measures have assessed impact on outcomes.
A work-in-process tracking system for experimental manufacturing

A work-in-process (WIP) tracking system directs and monitors the flow of product in a factory. The author describes a WIP tracking system that supports the management of complex process plans, ensures that products receive their intended processing, and can be used to determine the actual processing received by finished products. The two major features of the tracker are the representation of process plans as ordered trees of parameterized subprocess plans, and the logging of process data at each process step. The tree representation encourages modular process plans, which makes the plans easier to create and document, and is flexible enough to allow specific items to follow nonstandard subplans or to change plans after processing has begun. The log makes it possible to reconstruct the entire processing sequence of an item and permits measurement values obtained earlier in an item's processing to be used as the value of a later step's parameter, creating a form of feed-forward process control. >
Assessing Changes in Dairy Product Import Demand: The Case of South Korea with Implementation of the KORUS FTA

The impacts of implementing the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) on South Korea's dairy trade are assessed in this study based on empirical estimates of short-run and long-run source-based import demand parameters for three major imported dairy products. These estimates were derived using the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) demand system model. The impacts of the tariff reductions associated with the KORUS FTA were calculated. The results suggest that the KORUS FTA will open South Korean dairy product markets primarily by reducing import prices of international suppliers’ products. The altered import relationships among those suppliers raises overall dairy product imports into South Korea. [EconLit Classifications: F14, Q17].
CONDOR: an architecture for controlling the Utah-MIT dexterous hand

The authors describe a fully implemented computational architecture (CONDOR) that controls the Utah-MIT dexterous hand and other complex robots. The architecture derives its power from the highly efficient real-time environment provided for its control processors, coupled with a development host that allows flexible program development. By mapping the memory of a dedicated group of processors into the address space of a host computer, efficient sharing of system resources between them is possible. The software is characterized by a few simple design concepts but provides the facilities out of which more powerful utilities such as a multiprocessor pseudo-terminal emulator, a transparent and fast file server, and a flexible symbolic debugger could be constructed. >
Affordable implementation of reliable avionics systems

Affordable and reliable implementation of the embedded hybrid control systems that are found in current and planned air transport applications is critical to the successful deployment of these systems. The operational procedure method has been shown to be a good method for designing, analyzing, and implementing these hybrid systems. The paper discusses a variety of extensions to the current model. Some of these extensions can be easily implemented in the HOPTs (hierarchical operational procedure tables) tool. These include the graphical visualization, support for managing hierarchical completeness and consistency, limited scope correctness checks, and assistance with self-loop construction to ensure stability.
Diagnostic pitfalls associated with amoxapine overdose: A case report

Amoxapine is a second-generation antidepressant that has been reported to cause seizures, severe acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, renal failure, coma, and cardiorespiratory arrest in poisoning exposures. This is a report of a previously normal 9-year-old child who presented with generalized tonic clonic seizures that led to an extensive workup for primary generalized epilepsy. Nothing in the patient's history or laboratory test results suggested ingestion of a toxin. It was not until 48 hours after admission, when the child admitted taking several of her mother's amoxapine tablets, that the correct diagnosis was made. Because of the risks and the diagnostic pitfalls associated with ingestion of amoxapine, clinicians should be mindful of the lessons taught by this case.
Testimony on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts

This paper details the author's testimony before the New Jersey State Senate in January 2013 on sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE). At the time, New Jersey was contemplating, and eventually passed, a law banning conversion therapy, or SOCE, for minors.
Taste Coding after Selective Inhibition by Chlorhexidine

Coding of the complex tastes of ionic stimuli in humans was studied by combining taste confusion matrix (TCM) methodology and treatment with chlorhexidine gluconate. The TCM evaluates discrimination of multiple stimuli simultaneously. Chlorhexidine, a bis-biguanide antiseptic, reversibly inhibits salty taste and tastes of a subset of bitter stimuli, including quinine hydrochloride. Identifications of salty (NaCl, "salt"), bitter (quinine.HCl, "quinine"), sweet (sucrose, "sugar"), and sour (citric acid, "acid") prototypes, alone and as components of binary mixtures, were measured under 4 conditions. One was a water-rinse control and the others had the salt and quinine tastes progressively reduced by treatment with 1 mM chlorhexidine, 3 mM chlorhexidine, and ultimately to zero by elimination of NaCl and quinine.HCl. Treatment with chlorhexidine perturbed identification of salt more than quinine; both were thereafter more often confused with "water" and unidentified when mixed with sucrose or citric acid. All pairwise discriminations that depended on the tastes of NaCl and quinine.HCl deteriorated, and although H(2)O was mistakenly identified as quinine after chlorhexidine, this may have been a decisional bias. Other confusions reflected "unprompted mixture analysis" and an obscuring of salt taste by a less-inhibited stronger quinine or sugar or acid tastes in mixtures. Partial inhibition of the tastes of NaCl and quinine.HCl by chlorhexidine was considered in the context of multiple receptors for the 2 compounds. Discrimination among prototypic stimuli with varying strengths was consistent with a gustatory system that evaluates a small number of independent tastes.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Modeling of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator Turning System

Based on DEFORM finite element software, the model of turning process of GMA was built, and the relation function among turning speed, turning depth and turning force of GMA turning system was achieved. Then, considering the turning force model, the dynamic equation of the turning system was established and the time domain and frequency domain of GMA turning system were discussed with different corresponding parameters. Results show that turning speed and turning depth have apparent effects on turning force of GMA turning system. Therefore, it is necessary to take the impact into consideration when analyzing dynamic characteristics of the turning system.
Trimaran: an infrastructure for research in instruction-level parallelism

Trimaran is an integrated compilation and performance monitoring infrastructure. The architecture space that Trimaran covers is characterized by HPL-PD, a parameterized processor architecture supporting novel features such as predication, control and data speculation and compiler controlled management of the memory hierarchy. Trimaran also consists of a full suite of analysis and optimization modules, as well as a graph-based intermediate language. Optimizations and analysis modules can be easily added, deleted or bypassed, thus facilitating compiler optimization research. Similarly, computer architecture research can be conducted by varying the HPL-PD machine via the machine description language HMDES. Trimaran also provides a detailed simulation environment and a flexible performance monitoring environment that automatically tracks the machine as it is varied.
Sinking characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts1

This study reports the first direct measurements of the density and sinking rates of marine dinoflagellate cysts. Gyrodinium uncatenum, Gonyaulax tamarensis, and Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts had densities of 1.14, 1.24, and 1.32 g cm-3. No significant difference between cultured and natural cyst density was observed. Measured settling velocities ranged from 0.008 to 0.0 13 cm s- 1 (6-l 1 m d-l). Settling rates calculated using the measured densities and reasonable assumptions about shape and orientation during descent were within lO-20% of measured sinking rates, con- firming that cyst sinking can be described by a modification of Stokes' law for nonspherical particles in a viscous medium. The three types of cysts examined are more dense and fall faster than most vegetative phytoplankton cells. Removal of an outer layer of short calcite spines from S. trochoidea cysts reduced both cell density and radius by 7% and the sinking rate by 37%. The faster settling velocity of the spiny cyst is not considered a general effect common to all ornamented cysts but presumably applies only to those with numerous short spines or processes. Morphological features can thus markedly affect the rate of cyst deposition, but the adaptive significance of surface or- namentation remains unknown. About 10% of the 2,000 species of living dinoflagellates are known to include a dor- mant cyst stage in their life histories (Dale 1982). As might be expected, this percent- age is higher in coastal and estuarine regions where shallow waters restrict the vertical range of travel and where environmental fluctuations are large. Dale (1976) found cyst stages associated with 20% of the dinofla- gellate community in Trondheimsfjord, a percentage similar to that observed in the Woods Hole region (Anderson unpubl. data). The variety of functions attributed to cysts includes roles in species dispersal, bloom initiation, bloom termination, and survival through adverse conditions (Wall 197 1; An- derson 1984). Consideration of the impor- tance of these factors in dinoflagellate pop- ulation dynamics requires an understanding of the physical characteristics of cysts, es- pecially their behavior as passive particles
Properties of Rat Brain Tubulin

Rat brain tubulin is composed of two electrophoretically distinguishable subunits. The state of the protein sulfhydryl groups affects the electrophoretic mobility of these subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels, so it is not possible to determine whether the subunits differ in size or charge by these techniques. The complete amino acid composition of rat brain tubulin is presented and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of tubulin in guanidine HCl and in sodium dodecyl sulfate are shown. All the half-cystine residues of tubulin are present as free sulfhydryl groups and are titrated with 4,4′-dithiopyridine with a half-time of about 2 min. The NH2-terminal residue of both chains of rat brain tubulin is methionine. Tryptic maps of tubulin (equimolar mixture of the α and β chains) suggest that the two chains are very similar, but interpretation of the maps is complicated by the fact that the tryptic digestion is only 80% complete and that there is a significant amount of acid insoluble material. Electrophoresis of both tryptic and peptic digests of in vivo 32P-tubulin indicate that there is a single 32P-labeled peptide. The 32P-labeled tryptic peptide was purified from adult in vivo 32P-tubulin; it is approximately 50 to 52 amino acids long and contains 20% of the aspartic and glutamic residues and 2% of the basic residues of the entire β chain.
Reactions: Multicultural Reading Based Writing Modules

This text integrates the four language skills as it focuses on the writing process rather than the product approach.-- Features multicultural reading modules containing diverse types of thematically related readings, journal exercises, short writing activities, and discussion questions that provide students with numerous opportunities to respond from varying points of view.
Space-Time Completion of Video

This paper presents a new framework for the completion of missing information based on local structures. It poses the task of completion as a global optimization problem with a well-defined objective function and derives a new algorithm to optimize it. Missing values are constrained to form coherent structures with respect to reference examples. We apply this method to space-time completion of large space-time "holes" in video sequences of complex dynamic scenes. The missing portions are filled in by sampling spatio-temporal patches from the available parts of the video, while enforcing global spatio-temporal consistency between all patches in and around the hole. The consistent completion of static scene parts simultaneously with dynamic behaviors leads to realistic looking video sequences and images. Space-time video completion is useful for a variety of tasks, including, but not limited to: 1) sophisticated video removal (of undesired static or dynamic objects) by completing the appropriate static or dynamic background information. 2) Correction of missing/corrupted video frames in old movies. 3) Modifying a visual story by replacing unwanted elements. 4) Creation of video textures by extending smaller ones. 5) Creation of complete field-of-view stabilized video. 6) As images are one-frame videos, we apply the method to this special case as well
Perceiving Social Inequity When Subordinate-Group Positioning on One Dimension of Social Hierarchy Enhances Privilege Recognition on Another

Researchers have suggested that viewing social inequity as dominant-group privilege (rather than subordinate-group disadvantage) enhances dominant-group members' support for social policies aimed at lessening such inequity. However, because viewing inequity as dominant-group privilege can be damaging to dominant-group members' self-images, this perspective is frequently resisted. In the research reported here, we explored the circumstances that enhance the likelihood of dominant-group members' viewing inequity as privilege. Because social hierarchies have multiple vertical dimensions, individuals may have high status on one dimension but low status on another. We predicted that occupying a subordinate position on one dimension of social hierarchy could enhance perceptions of one's own privilege on a different dimension of hierarchy, but that this tendency would be diminished among individuals who felt they had achieved a particularly high level of success. Results from three studies that considered gender-based and race-based hierarchies in organizational settings supported our hypothesis.
Isolation and analysis of nucleotides from erythrocyte-free malarial parasites (Plasmodium berghei) and potential relevance to malaria chemotherapy.

Studies using erythrocyte-free preparations of P. berghei were conducted with a view to improving knowledge of parasite metabolism, particularly nucleotide metabolism. The free parasites employed in these studies were prepared by saponin lysis of parasitized mouse erythrocytes in isotonic glucose solutions. A comparative study of post-lytic metabolic activity of free parasites prepared by saponin, ammonium chloride, or osmotic lysis indicated a significantly greater retention of metabolic activity in the saponin-lysis preparations. Separations of nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates extracted from free parasites were performed by means of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ATP was additionally measured by luciferin—luciferase assay. Studies designed to differentiate among uptake, phosphorylation, and subsequent incorporation of 3H-adenosine into nucleic acids of the free parasite strongly suggested that adenosine is metabolized either outside or on the parasite membrane, being first deaminated to inosine and then deribosylated to hypoxanthine. Observations from HPLC and radioisotope precursor studies support a hypothesis in which hypoxanthine may be proposed as being a pivotal substrate for purine salvage by malarial parasites. Some of the key steps in purine salvage and pyrimidine biosynthesis were investigated, using radiolabel uptake studies and HPLC analysis of nucleotides of the free malarial parasite. These studies suggest that hypoxanthine uptake may constitute an important new basis for chemotherapeutic attack on the malarial parasite.
Production of Hard Data in Human Service Institutions

The routine practice of hard data production is described in two human service institutions. Three modes of production are delineated: Direct counts of behavior, secondary production, and surveys of those in-the-know. Practical production is contrasted with the formal image of hard data held and used by staff members and regulating agents. The use of circumstantial rules and the use of glossing practices are shown to be two means by which hard data become available. The practical reality of hard data is discussed in relation to staff and outsider awareness of hard data as a matter of production.
Further Study of the Effect of Group Size on Student Performance

In a 1992 issue of the International Journal of Engineering Education, this author reported on the effects of laboratory group size on student performance. Most of the information was obtained from a material science laboratory. The data indicate that individuals in groups of two or four students tended to receive better final course grades than those from groups of three. Discussion was given concerning the possible reasons for this finding along with information from the then current literature. This paper includes the key components of the 1992 paper and updates it with data obtained since then. It also includes information from other literature published in the recent past. The conclusions reached in the 1992 paper appear to remain valid.
Fluorophore-conjugated antibodies for imaging and resection of GI tumors

Negative surgical margins are critical to prevent recurrence in cancer surgery. This is because with current technology in many cases negative margins are impossible due the inability of the surgeon to detect the margin. Our laboratory has developed fluorophore-labeled monoclonal antibodies to aid in cancer visualization in orthotopic nude mouse models of human gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in order to achieve negative margins in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). The technologies described herein have the potential to change the paradigm of surgical oncology to engender significantly improved outcomes.
The Historical Alternation of Moods in American Foreign Policy

There seems little doubt that the defense and strengthening of the “free world” in our time depends largely upon American leadership. Confidence that America will continue to play this role in world affairs is weakened by the memory of America's political isolation following World War I, and by certain currents of American opinion noted by observers since World War II.1 Barbara Ward warns the peoples of the West that “we shall certainly fail unless our effort is at once sustained, calm and supremely positive.”
Epidemiology of Multimorbidity in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease.

Multimorbidity is the most significant condition affecting older adults, and it impacts every component of health care management and delivery. Multimorbidity significantly increases with age. For individuals with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, multimorbidity has a significant effect on the presentation of the disease and the diagnosis, management, and patient-centered preferences in care. Evidence-based therapeutics have focused on cardiovascular focused morbidity. Over the next 25 years, the proportion of adults aged 65 and older is estimated to increase three-fold. The needs of these patients require a fundamental shift in care from single disease practices to a more patient-centered framework.
Ethical Issues in Media Psychology

The Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association is generic, in that it covers a wide range of settings within which the psychologist must be aware of its constraints. While all psychologists pay lip service to the Code, there are many occasions, especially when they interact with the media, that their true understanding becomes questionable. Far more than the Advertising section comes into play. When dealing with the media psychologists must take precautions to respect confidentiality of communications, avoid causing harm, to those with whom they work. On occasions, psychologists in high profile matters will justify talking extensively about clients because it is a matter of public record. Public Record, however, does not relieve the psychologist of their ethical responsibilities to avoid harm and to respect the scientific basis of the work we do. Psychologists cannot create unvalidated psychological measures that sound impressive when they are discussed in the media. They must also avoid multiple relations in such settings because the very nature of the exposure can cause a harmful multiple relationship. This paper will follow the Code of Ethics in exploring various interactions with the media.
Viruses and Bacteria

Viruses will be discussed briefly here, even they are not considered to be plants. Viruses have such considerable economic importance that everyone should be aware of them and of the research being done on them. Remarkable advances in molecular biology have been made possible because of the experimental utility of these organisms.
Discursive strategies that foster an epistemic community for argument in a biology classroom

Abstract Although the study of classroom discourse has a long history, there has been a recent change in theoretical perspective towards viewing learning as becoming a member of a disciplinary community. In science classrooms, teachers are attempting to create epistemic communities that include some of the characteristics of scientific communities. Using this theoretical lens, we describe how an experienced classroom teacher used discursive moves to scaffold her students' appropriation of scientific argumentation over several weeks. As her prompting of their critiques changed, we noticed that the participation structures shifted from her position as a mentor to as a partner. We argue that this new classroom community differed from the community of school science in several ways: authority was shared, epistemic goals were valued, and authentic problems were investigated. These new instructional objectives are consistent with the standards movement in the United States and the teacher's own experiences and goals.