cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distal Cross-sectional Occlusion Is the “Key” to Treating Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) represent a significant source of morbidity, especially in patients with the autosomal-dominant disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is found in 56%–97% of patients with PAVMs (1–6). In the HHT population, reported incidences of PAVM range from 23% to 61%, and it is more common in patients with HHT1 (ie, endoglin mutation) than HHT2 (ie, activin receptor–like kinase 1 mutation) (7–12). Clinical manifestations eventually occur in more than 70% of patients, typically by the fourth through sixth decades, although exertional dyspnea and fatigue from hypoxemia can be gradual and even unrecognized by the patient. More serious consequences relate to the risks of paradoxic embolization and rupture (1,3–6,13– 16). Stroke or transient ischemic attack is seen in 11%– 55% of cases, seizures in 5%–15%, brain abscess in 5%–25%, and hemoptysis or hemothorax in as many as 18%. Pregnancy appears to present a greater risk for these complications (17). Finally, the incidence of migraine headaches is higher in patients with PAVM. During the past few decades, embolization has been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of PAVM, with low morbidity rates and minimal inconvenience to the patient. It is generally now performed as an outpatient procedure, so it has largely replaced operative options (1,3–5,15,18–24). The prevalent technique has been embolization of the feeding artery by using a variety of mechanical agents. Detachable balloons were commonly used in the past, when these were available, whereas ‘‘pushable’’ coils have been used all along, detachable coils later, and AMPLATZER Vascular Plugs (AVPs; St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota) more recently. The
The Indigestible Curriculum

Pity the plight of the contemporary medical student: his or her curriculum holds more material than can be digested even by the most zealous of students. The technological and scientific knowledge explosion since World War II has deluged the medical student with an enormous learning burden. The volume of information that must be committed to memory in order to pass National Board Examinations is truly staggering, not to mention the intellectual gymnastics required to integrate and employ such knowledge in the daily practice of clinical medicine. 1 Is it any wonder that more and more of our medical students and junior house staff seek psychiatric support for troubled emotional lives, divorce, and substance abuse? Furthermore, professional fatigue or "burn out" is all too common in middle-aged physicians. 24 We contend that an important factor in the genesis of these adverse emotional states is the extraordinary pressure generated by the large
Two-dimensional phase separation and surface-reconstruction driven atomic ordering in mixed III–V layers

Abstract In mixed III–V layers atomic species having different covalent tetrahedral radii are not distributed at random on their respective sublattices. Two types of deviation from randomness are observed: (i) phase separation, and (ii) atomic ordering. Phase separation is two-dimensional in nature, occurs on the surface while the layer is growing and is driven by surface thermodynamics. In contrast, atomic ordering is induced by subsurface stresses associated with (2×4) and (2×3) reconstructions of group V terminated (001) surfaces. These stresses bias the occupation of sites by atomic species differing in their tetrahedral radii and this feature leads to the evolution of double and triple period superlattices on ( 1 11)B, (1 1 1)B, and (111)A, (11 1 )A planes respectively.
Transition Metal Acetylide Rearrangement and Coupling Induced by Coordinative Unsaturation

The reaction of {Ar′Fe(μ-Br)}2 (Ar′ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) with LiC≡CPh afforded the unusual 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl Fe(I)-coupled derivative Fe2{Ar′C═C(Ph)-C(Ph)═CAr′} (1), whereas the reaction of {Ar′Fe(μ-Br)}2 with LiC≡CtBu yielded the monomeric Fe(II) “ate” complex Ar′Fe(C≡CtBu)2{Li(THF)2} (2). Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR, and UV−vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. In 1 the dimeric structure is a result of Ar′ group transfer to the iron-bound carbon of the acetylide ligand and subsequent dimerization via coupling of the phenyl-substituted carbons. The irons are antiferromagnetically coupled, and the iron−iron separation is 2.5559(3) Ǻ. In 2 the high-spin iron atom has distorted trigonal-planar coordination with a THF-complexed lithium ion associated with the Ar′Fe(C≡CtBu)2 anion via interactions with the tBu-substituted alkyne carbons.
A remnant population of the Floreana mockingbird onChampion island, Galápagos

Champion and Gardner are the only two satellite islands of Floreana in the Galapagos archipelago that support populations of the Floreana mockingbird, Nesomimus trifasciatus. The population on the much larger island of Floreana became extinct approximately 125 years ago. We studied the Champion population in every year from 1980 to 1991. Since the island is small (9.4 ha) we determined the demographic stability of the population by repeated censusing of the whole population. The number of breeding adults varied from 16 to 24 with a mean of ∼20. Using a standard population genetics formula we calculate that the Champion population has lost half of the original level of selectively neutral heterozygosity since presumed immigration from Floreana ceased more than a century ago. The short-term future of the Champion population is likely to be secure providing that goats and rats are not introduced, as these have caused much devastation on Floreana and probably resulted in the extinction of the mockingbird population there.
Application of Atomic Absorption in the Study of Na, K, Mg, and Ca Binding by Cellular Membranes

Atomic-absorption spectrophotometry is applied in the analysis of biological membrane materials for micromolar levels of the physiologically important cations, Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Instrumental parameters and chemical interferences are investigated and a method for the measurement of all four cations in a single sample of ashed membrane material is formulated, tested, and applied. Results are highly satisfactory, and demonstrate that atomic-absorption spectrophotometry affords biologists a powerful and sensitive tool for the study of the important role played by inorganic ions in living systems.
A model of top-down attentional control during visual search in complex scenes.

Recently, there has been great interest among vision researchers in developing computational models that predict thedistribution of saccadic endpoints in naturalistic scenes. In many of these studies, subjects are instructed to view sceneswithout any particular task in mind so that stimulus-driven (bottom-up) processes guide visual attention. However, wheneverthere is a search task, goal-driven (top-down) processes tend to dominate guidance, as indicated by attention beingsystematically biased toward image features that resemble those of the search target. In the present study, we devise atop-down model of visual attention during search in complex scenes based on similarity between the target and regions ofthe search scene. Similarity is deﬁned for several feature dimensions such as orientation or spatial frequency using ahistogram-matching technique. The amount of attentional guidance across visual feature dimensions is predicted by apreviously introduced informativeness measure. We use eye-movement data gathered from participants’ search of a set ofnaturalistic scenes to evaluate the model. The model is found to predict the distribution of saccadic endpoints in searchdisplays nearly as accurately as do other observers’ eye-movement data in the same displays.Keywords: visual search, visual attention, top-down attentional control, real-world scenes, informativeness, eye tracking,eye movements, saccadic selectivity, scene perceptionCitation: Hwang, A. D., Higgins, E. C., & Pomplun, M. (2009). A model of top-down attentional control during visual search incomplex scenes. Journal of Vision, 9(5):25, 1–18, http://journalofvision.org/9/5/25/, doi:10.1167/9.5.25.
UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF A CANARD-CONTROLLED PROJECTILE AT LOW TRANSONIC SPEEDS

This paper describes a computational study undertaken to compute the unsteady freeflight aerodynamics of an asymmetric canard-controlled finned projectile. Numerical simulations have been performed for this projectile without and with canard maneuver using an advanced coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/rigid body dynamics (RBD) technique. The canard control is provided using canard deflections that are synchronous with the spin of the projectile so that the maximum canard deflections are achieved with the canards in horizontal position and are zero when the canards are vertical. Computed results have been obtained using coupled CFD/RBD virtual fly-out simulations and are presented for this canard-controlled projectile showing actual time-dependent response of the flight vehicle and the resulting unsteady aerodynamics with canard-control.
Moricizine Concentration to Guide Arrhythmia Treatment: With Attention to Elderly Patients

To test the relationship between plasma moricizine concentration and the electrocardiogram (ECG) and arrhythmia suppression, 17 symptomatic cardiac patients with 30 or more ventricular premature complexes per hour were studied. Seven patients were mature adults, less than 60 years of age; and ten were elderly adults, more than 60 years of age. During steady-state moricizine therapy, patients had plasma moricizine concentration determined over a dosing interval, and had standard 12-lead ECG and a 24-hour ambulatory ECG recorded. The mean moricizine dose was 215 ± 29 mg every 8 hours; mean maximal moricizine concentration was 1.4 ± 0.84 μg/ml; and mean t1/2β was 1.5 ± 0.7 hours. Baseline age-related differences were found, including prolonged electrocardiographic intervals (PR and QRS) (P < .05), increased ventricular arrhythmias (P < .05), and reduction in creatinine clearance (P < .05) in the elderly. Compared with pretreatment values, PR (P < .05) and QRS (P < .05) prolongation was observed, and was more marked in elderly patients. Over a dosing interval, there were dynamic changes on the ECG that paralleled plasma moricizine concentration; that is, peak and nadir intact moricizine concentration occurred simultaneously with ECG changes: QRS and JTc prolonged (P < .05), and PR prolongation approached significance (P = 0.09). Suppression of ventricular premature complexes of 80% or more occurred in 15 patients, and ventricular tachycardia was abolished in 10 of 12 patients. Probit analysis revealed that the therapeutic antiarrhythmic concentration ranged from 0.20 to 3.6 μg/ml. After treatment, there was no difference for area under the plasma concentration curve, half life of elimination, or volume of distribution in: (1) mature adults younger than 60 years versus elderly adults 60 years of age or older, nor (2) patients with ejection fraction of 35% or lower versus those with ejection fraction higher than 35%. Intact plasma moricizine concentration accounts for dynamic electrocardiographic and antiarrhythmic effects after use of the drug. Cautious administration of moricizine in older patients is warranted in view of age-related baseline differences in cardiac conduction, as well as more marked effects on PR and QRS duration; and potential toxicity secondary to diminished drug clearance.
ABNORMAL SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ELBOW MUSCLE ACTIVATION IN HEMIPARETIC HUMAN SUBJECTS

The patterns of electromyographic (EMG) activity in spastic-paretic and contralateral elbow muscles of 10 hemiparetic human subjects were compared during a sequence of graded voluntary isometric contractions against 4 different-sized loads These loads were orientated successively at 8 different angles over a 360° range, referenced to a plane at the wrist orthogonal to the long axis of the forearm Comparisons of EMG activity recorded from normal and paretic limbs revealed that there were marked differences in the torque angles which evoked significant EMG activity, in the angular range of EMG, in the angle of peak EMG, and in the scaling of EMG magnitude with increasing isometric loads. In severely impaired limbs, there was a marked shift in both the peak EMG angle and the angular domain of EMG activity for both biceps and triceps muscle groups, away from the normal elbow flexion-extension axis towards external humeral rotation and shoulder girdle elevation. The extent of the disturbance in the spatial patterns of EMG activity was closely correlated with the clinical severity of the spastic-paretic disability, which was quantified using a functional scale patterned after that described by Fugl Meyer etal (1975). The observed patterns of EMG activity in paretic flexor muscles do not conform with established synergistic patterns, such as might be released by excitation of the flexor reflex in a normal limb. Possible origins for the anomalous EMG patterns are discussed.
Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Variable Rate Nitrogen and Lime Application for Claypan Soil Fields

Variable Rate Technology (VRT) has the potential to increase crop yields and improve water quality relative to Uniform Rate Technology (URT). The effects on profitability and water quality of adopting VRT for nitrogen (N) and lime were evaluated for corn production on four claypan soil fields in north central Missouri under average to better than average weather conditions. Variable N and lime rates were based on measured topsoil depth and soil pH, respectively. VRT rates were compared to two different uniform N applications (URT-Nl based on the topsoil depth within these claypan soil fields, and URT-N2 based on a typical N rate for corn production in this area). Expected corn yield was predicted based on topsoil depth, soil pH, N rate, and lime rate. Water quality benefits of VRT relative to URT were evaluated based on potential leachable N. Sensitivity analyses were performed using simulated topsoil data for topsoil depth and soil pH. Results showed that VRT was more profitable than URT in the four sample fields under URT-N1, and in two of the four fields under URT-N2. Greater variation in topsoil depth and soil pH resulted in higher profitability and greater water quality benefits with VRT. Results support adoption of VRT for N and lime application for other claypan soil fields with characteristics similar to those in the fields used in this study.
Response of a Rod Stabilized, Premixed Flame to Longitudinal Acoustic Forcing

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the flame sheet dynamics of an acoustically forced bluff body flame over a range of perturbation frequencies and amplitudes. When acoustically excited, the flame sheet displays well defined, periodic corrugations, presumably due to flame sheet perturbations created at its attachment point that convect downstream, as well as the rollup of shear layer instabilities into large scale coherent structures. The dynamics of the flame front response, such as its growth and decay in the bluff body wake, disturbance convection velocity, sub-harmonic response, and total flame area is discussed. [Keywords: Flame Dynamics, Shear Layer Instabilities, Acoustic Excitation]
Newly Discovered Plant c-myb-Like Genes Rewrite the Evolution of the Plant myb Gene Family

Transcription factors containing the conserved Myb DNA-binding domain were first recognized in the form of the v-myb oncogene of the avian myeloblastosis virus, but have subsequently been found in diverse eukaryotic groups ([Lipsick, 1996][1]). The flowering plants are characterized by the
Quantitative comparison of immunohistochemical staining intensity in tissues fixed in formalin and Histochoice

Formaldehyde fixatives have traditionally been used to preserve tissues as they impart excellent morphological preservation. Formaldehyde fixes tissue by cross linking, a process which can reduce the antigenicity of tissue and weakens the intensity of immunohistochemical stains. Preliminary studies have shown that Histochoice tissue fixative offers equal or greater staining intensity than neutral buffered formalin (NBF). This study compares these fixatives quantitatively and presents the results in unambiguous statistical terms. Tissue samples were collected, bisected, and fixed in NBF or Histochoice. The sections were stained with a total of 21 antibodies, and color images were collected. The hue, saturation, and value were determined for each positive pixel and an ANOVA performed. Small differences in hue were noted in 8 of 21 cases. Histochoice-fixed tissue gave a greater mean saturation than NBF with 57.1% of the antibodies tested. No significant difference in the saturation was detected in 28.6% of the cases; NBF gave higher mean saturation levels with only 14.3% of the antibodies. Histochoice-fixed tissue was found to give lower values in 66.7% of cases than those prepared with NBF, indicating darker staining. These results show that Histochoice produces staining intensity that is comparable, and in many cases superior, to formalin.
Echocardiographic follow-up of tricuspid annuloplasty with a new three-dimensional ring in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation.

Background A new tricuspid valve (TV) annuloplasty system, the MC3 ring, includes a three-dimensional structure designed to remodel the TV annulus and preserve physiologic annular function. Purpose We investigated the early- and mid-term outcomes of TV annuloplasty with the MC3 ring. Methods A total of 136 patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) had two-dimensional echocardiography before and 5 ± 5 days after TV annuloplasty with the MC3 ring. Twenty-eight patients were followed for more than 1 year after surgery. Echocardiography was used to assess response to surgical therapy, including measures of cardiac function and geometry and identification of factors predisposing one to recurrent TR. Results TR severity was improved early after surgery ( P Conclusion TV annuloplasty with the new physiologic MC3 ring is effective for the management of TR and may be superior to conventional techniques. However, patients with extensive leaflet tethering (>1.0 cm) require additional maneuvers to ensure valve competence.
Planning: a sketch of the theory

Concerns motion trajectory planning. Main historical milestones in the development of trajectory planning are given, beginning in 1966. Planning and related concepts are defined. Planning is examined as a stage of control. Behaviour generation is then considered. Problems related to planning are examined. Planning is considered as a reaction to an anticipated future. Representation spaces are considered. The paper then considers geometry, collision-free paths, nonholonomic systems, unknown environments, redundancy, actions and states, visibility, learning, multiresolutional organisation, and intelligence.
High resolution, basin extent observations and implications for understanding river form and process.

Fifty years of fluvial studies have posited a variety of conceptual frameworks for characterizing river forms and processes throughout entire basins, including hydraulic geometry, the river continuum concept, self-organized criticality, and sediment links. This article uses basin-extent, high resolution observations of fluvial forms in the Nueces River basin, Texas, and Yellowstone National Park to evaluate the ability of these frameworks to characterize system behavior across a multitude of scales. The Nueces data were collected with remote sensing methods and the Yellowstone data were collected through extensive field surveys. The data resolution, spatial extent, and quality of these data sets allow direct comparison between the two areas. The ‘hyperscale’ comparison supports using of each these frameworks at specific scales, but also indicates an irreducible amount of variation in both datasets across many different scales that is not captured by the conceptual frameworks. Moreover, the scales and locations where one framework, such as hydraulic geometry, works well are often not the same scales and locations where another framework, such as the river continuum concept, works well. Because the conceptual frameworks appear to operate at scales and locations distinct from one another, the measurement approaches necessary to observe them must also be at different scales and locations. For example, ‘seeing’ self-organized criticality in a river system is difficult without an extensive survey through space, whereas the recognition of sediment links requires quite intense sampling in specific river regions. We suggest that these separations between measurement scales represent an incommensurability issue in river studies, making it very difficult to both communicate among and test between two or more competing theories. Making simultaneous hyperscale observations of the river is one approach to minimizing the theory-ladeness of observation, as deviations from different predictions can be plotted at every scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural Network Earnings per Share Forecasting Models: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Methods

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the forecasting accuracy of univariate and multivariate linear models that incorporate fundamental accounting variables (i.e., inventory, accounts receivable, and so on) with the forecast accuracy of neural network models. Unique to this study is the focus of our comparison on the multivariate models to examine whether the neural network models incorporating the fundamental accounting variables can generate more accurate forecasts of future earnings than the models assuming a linear combination of these same variables. We investigate four types of models: univariate-linear, multivariate-linear, univariate-neural network, and multivariate-neural network using a sample of 283 firms spanning 41 industries. This study shows that the application of the neural network approach incorporating fundamental accounting variables results in forecasts that are more accurate than linear forecasting models. The results also reveal limitations of the forecasting capacity of investors in the security market when compared to neural network models.
Associationalism, Statism, and Professional Regulation: Public Accountants and the Reform of the Financial Markets, 1896-1940

In this article Projessor Miranti contrasts the differing reactions of leaders in the public accounting profession to the structure of national economic regulation that emerged in America during the first decades of the twentieth century. Specifically, he focuses on the actions taken by two national professional organizations, the American Association of Public Accountants and its successor, the American Institute of Accountants, at two important junctures in the history of financial reform: the establishment of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Trade Commission and the organization of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In assessing these experiences, his article concentrates on identifying the changing circumstances and political contexts that gave rise first to an associationalist response and then to a statist response to the problem of ordering the nation's financial markets.
MALIGNANT PILOMATRIXOMA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

4. Wide local excision should be performed if tolerated. The role of radiation therapy is unclear because of limited experience with treatment. A 60 year-old male presented with a history of a prior excision of a right temporal/pre-auricular pilomatrixoma. A 2x2 cm lesion recurred at the original site, and he was scheduled for elective re-resection 1 month later. When the patient presented to surgery, the lesion had tripled in size. Because of this rapid growth, the excision was deferred and repeat biopsy and further work-up with repeat imaging was performed. Biopsy was again consistent with pilomatrixoma.
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and clinical consequences

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the major adverse effects of antipsychotic agents. Although it is predominantly associated with the use of conventional or typical agents, atypical agents also cause varying degrees of hyperprolactinemia. Clinical manifestations, which tend to be underrecognized, are the result of the direct action of prolactin on its target tissues and of the sequelae of hypogonadism secondary to hyperprolactinemia. Long-term consequences of hyperprolactinemia may be serious; therefore, physicians must be alert to the signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia when monitoring their patients. (Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(10F):S982-S986)
Inorganic Arsenic-Related Changes in the Stromal Tumor Microenvironment in a Prostate Cancer Cell-Conditioned Media Model.

Background:The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer by mediating stromal–epithelial paracrine signaling, which can aberrantly modulate cellular proliferation ...
Reconciling Fifth Circuit Judicial Estoppel Authority (Dallas, Texas)

It goes without saying that a debtor must disclose all property of the estate, which includes contingent and liquidated claims. Because bankruptcy policy depends on a debtor’s honesty and disclosure, a court will judicially estop a debtor who fails to disclose a claim, thereby punishing the debtor. However, a court is likely to be troubled when judicially estopping a debtor will affect innocent creditors negatively — in those cases, the court may allow a trustee to pursue the claim on behalf of the creditors. In In re Flugence, a Chapter 13 trustee was not judicially estopped from pursuing a claim on behalf of creditors, though any excess recovery would revert to the defendant. To understand the significance of Flugence, it is necessary to understand the evolving Fifth Circuit judicial estoppel authority. This paper will (i) discuss the evolving Fifth Circuit judicial estoppel authority; (ii) analyze the Fifth Circuit’s Flugence decision; and (iii) comment on the Fifth Circuit judicial estoppel authority.
Linkage Analysis of Five New Genetic Markers of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Five new autosomal recessive genes are described in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). These genetic markers are associated into three linkage groups. The matte (mt) gene is linked to the previously described mandarin red (ma) gene, and the white puparium (wp) gene is linked to the white eye (we) and amethyst (am) loci. The third designated linkage group has the yellow eye (ye) marker. The we/we homozygote is epistatic to ye/ye, and each is epistatic to am/am and ma/ma.
An assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in fish from the inland and Great Lakes of Michigan

Fish within the Great Lakes region of North America are an invaluable resource with economic and cultural significance. While these fish are vital, they contain chemical pollutants that are hazardous to human health. One such man-made group of chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs), continue to be a problem long after the ban on production (1979). The objective of this research thesis was to assess PCB contamination in fish within the Great Lakes Region. This objective was completed by determining the sources of PCB contamination, defining the ecosystem characteristics that significantly affect fish contamination, predicting when it will be safe to consume a desired amount of fish, identifying which water bodies have higher contamination, and determining if PCBs have significantly declined since the early 1990s. The assessment of inland lake contamination revealed that lakes impacted by point sources of PCBs can de differentiated from lakes whose only source of PCBs is atmospheric. Principal Component Analysis of PCB concentrations in common fish species revealed that lakes impacted by local, point sources of PCBs had congener distributions in fish dominated by heavier congeners. Similar results were obtained for sites in the Great Lakes; PCBs in Lake Superior fish were found to be derived primarily from atmospheric deposition while the lower lakes had significant contributions from local sources.
Production of bulk solid-state PEI nanofoams using supercritical CO 2

In this paper, a process to introduce nanoscale cells in homogeneous polyetherimide (PEI) is presented. The nanofoams produced have a bulk porosity (void fraction) in the range of 25–64%, with the average cell sizes in the range of 40–100 nm. Uniform nucleation of cells throughout the volume of the PEI specimen was observed. Supercritical CO2 at 20 MPa was used as the blowing agent and the specimens were foamed in a hot press to ensure flatness for further processing and characterization. Sorption studies showed that at 20 MPa, PEI can absorb about 10% CO2 by weight and that a 1-mm thick specimen can reach an equilibrium concentration in approximately 100 h at 45 °C. The effects of desorption time, foaming temperature, clamping pressure, and foaming time were investigated. Several nanoscale morphologies were observed through changes in the foaming temperature, which ranged from 165 to 210 °C. In one experiment, it was found that when the clamping force is increased from 1 to 10 tons, the average cell size increased from 40 to 4000 nm or by a factor of 100. This points to the clamping force as an important process variable to control the nanostructure introduced in PEI. Optimal processing conditions for the production of defect-free nanofoams are presented.
Discovering Robustness Amongst CBIR Features

Digital photography faces the challenges of image storage, retrieval and provenance at the consumer and commercial level. One major obstacle is in the computational cost of image processing. Solutions range from using high-throughput computing systems to automatic image annotation. Consumers can not dedicate computing systems to image processing and handling nor do consumers have large-scale image repositories to make automatic image annotation effective. Nevertheless, we consider an alternative approach: reducing computational cost in image processing. Using a 25,000 image collection, we consider using a sub- set of image features to evaluate image similarity. We discover several robust features displaying comparable relevancy performance with the additional benefit of reduced processing cost.
Discussion on Clinical Orientation of New Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines for Heroin Dependence

To discuss the reasonable clinical orientation of new traditional Chinese patent medicines for heroin dependence,this paper analyzes the efficacy characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) and chemical drugs in the treatment of heroin dependence,in an attempt to make TCMs become more effective in the treatment of heroin dependence. According to the treatment characteristics and the clinical needs,it is recommended that the protracted abstinent symptoms can be used as target indications of new traditional Chinese patent medicines.
Serotype distribution and drug resistance of 76 Salmonella isolates in Guangzhou

Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Guangzhou. Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains isolated in 2012 from 8 hospitals were determined by disk diffusion method(KB) according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute procedures(USA). Results 76 Salmonella strains consisted of 24 serotypes, of which 30 strains were Salmonella typhimurium(39.47%), 13 strains were Salmonella enteritidis(17.11%). The 76 isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and ciprofloxacin, and the sensitive rate is 96.13%, 89.53%, 90.79% and 79.01% respectively. These strains were resistance to ampicillin(68.42%), streptomycin(57.9%), compound sulphonamides(64.5%), tetracycline(64.5%) and nalidixic acid(61.9%). Conclusion High level of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, compound sulphonamides, tetracycline and nalidixic acid have been found in salmonella isolates in Guangzhou. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and ciprofloxacin decreased. Rational use of antibiotics should be emphasized for reducing the antimicrobial resistance.
Banking on Wild Relatives to Feed the World

Crop wild relatives, the progenitors and kin of domesticated crop species, promise breeders a potent weapon against climate change. Having evolved outside the pampered environs of farms, wild relatives tend to be more rugged to survive temperature, salt, floods, and drought—all the extremes characteristic of a warming planet. But who will benefit from re-wilded crops? What kinds of agricultural systems will they tend to support? And can wild relatives be protected before they are lost under pavement, desertification, and expanding industrial farms? In this essay, I explore different visions of conservation and use for crop wild relatives. With CWR valued at an estimated $115–120 billion to the global economy annually, many researchers suggest ancient germplasm can be harnessed to feed billions in a warming world. Others look more closely at ancient customs and farmer knowledge that have long promoted conservation of wild species within and around cultivated landscapes. By intentionally planting crops at field borders, farmers also perform “in vivo” breeding. I conclude that wild relatives hold much potential to reinfuse diversity into eroded crop gene pools, providing greater systemic resilience. But unless we consider who controls seeds, intellectual property, and wild and agricultural lands, CWR innovations will only prop up an agriculture that ultimately undercuts crop and wild relative renewal.
Determination of tin in human blood and urine with high-pressure microwave digestion and complexing ligand and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Objective To establish the hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometric method for the determination of tin in human blood and urine with high-pressure microwave digestion and complexing ligand.Methods Human blood and urine samples were digested by using high-pressure microwave.Then complexing ligand 1% EDTA,5 ml 150 g/L thiourea and ascorbic acid were added to mask the interfering ions such as nickel,iron,arsenic,selenium and etc.Tin concentration was determined with hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric method with sodium borohydride as the reductant in 2% sulphuric acid media.Results The linear range of tin was 10-100 μg/ml,the regression equations and correlation coefficients in blood and urine were y=9.391 1 x-16.312,r=0.999 7,y=8.244 7x-27.849 6,r=0.998 2,respectively.The limits of detection of tin in blood and urine were 0.090,0.020 μg/L respectively.The relative standard derivation of this method was 1.4%-6.1%.The rates of recovery were between 98.1% and 101.8%.Conclusion This method presents many advantages,such as completed sample digestion,rapid,less matrix disturbance,accurate,sensitive and is applicable to the determination of tin in blood and urine in grass-roots units.
Analysis on Geodesic Equation

Geodesic refers to the shortest path an object moves from one point to another point in a time-space structure.The mathematical expression to describe the geodesic is called geodesic equation.Geodesic equation can be derived by many methods,however,the method which is the easiest to be understood and accepted is needed to complete the derivation process.Only by doing so can the various properties in both Euclid space and non-Euclidean space be understood deeply.
Synthesis and Properties of Liquid Crystal Elastomers Containing Fluorine and Chiral Crosslinking Agent

Nematic monomer: 4-( 4-( allyloxy) benzoyloxy) phenyl 4-fluorobenzoate( M1) and non-liquid crystalline crosslinking agent: bis(( 4-( 4-allyloxy) benzoyloxy) isosorbide benzoate)( MC) were synthesized. M1 and MCwith different proportions reacted with polymethylhydrosiloxane and chiral liquid crystalline elastomers containing fluorine PI-PVIII were got. The chemical structures and mesomorphic properties of monomers and elastomers were studied by means of FT-IR,1H NMR,POM,DSC,TGA and X-ray. The experiment results showed that short-hard liquid crystal elements containing fluorine could be induced into cholesteric phase with wonderful properties. PI presented nematic phase and PII-PVII displayed cholesteric phase with oily-streak and Grandjean texture. PVIII did not have any liquid crystalline properties.The glass-transition temperature increased first and then decreased,whereas both the melting point and clearing point decreased. The synthesized liquid crystal elastomers had good thermal stability,and the thermal weight loss temperature was greater than 300 ℃ with only 5% weight lost.
The skull of Mkwawa and the politics of indirect rule in Tanganyika

ABSTRACTThis article traces the history of a key symbol of colonial authority in Tanganyika – the skull of the defeated Hehe chief, Mkwawa. From the late 1890s through to the 1950s, officials in both the German and British colonial states wrote extensively about the skull, contending that it served as a linchpin of traditional authority amongst the Hehe people. At the same time that colonial officers attempted to reinforce the importance of the skull – through its removal or its restoration – they directly folded themselves into its history. While belief in the sacred importance of ancestors and their corporeal remains supposedly belonged exclusively to the political systems of colonized Africans, European colonizers also found themselves enmeshed in the construction of these very concepts. Nowhere did such engagement appear more evident than in the correspondence of the British Colonial Governor in Tanganyika, Edward Twining. Before officially returning the skull to the Hehe people in 1954, Twining wrote...
Hairy-Cell Leukemia: Morphologic, Cytochemical, and Immunologic Features

Hairy-cell leukemia is a unique lymphoproliferative disorder that has fascinated clinicians and researchers for nearly 3 decades. It can, in most cases, be diagnosed correctly on the basis of a bone marrow biopsy specimen, and the diagnosis is supported by the demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the leukemic cells. Nevertheless, as outlined, rare "variant" cases may pose diagnostic problems, and other lymphoproliferative disorders may have features that closely mimic those of HCL. In virtually all cases of HCL, the hairy cells are of B-cell lineage, representing a relatively mature B cell that is closely related to plasma cells. Treatment of HCL with splenectomy, IFN-alpha, or 2' deoxycorformycin has led to excellent responses in most cases. Much of the progress in our understanding of the nature of this rare leukemia has been made possible through the cooperation of community physicians with referral institutions, or groups of institutions, that are interested in studying HCL. Despite the remarkable advances in the treatment of this disorder over the last 5 years, and the ready availability of IFN-alpha, much remains to be learned regarding the biology of hairy cells, and further advances in therapy still must be made. The needed information can be obtained only through continued referral of patients to centers with expertise and an interest in HCL.
Validating resiliency in Software Defined Networks for smart grids

The communication network overlaying the power grid is required to be resilient to link failures among network devices. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture provides a fast-failover mechanism for provisioning networks that are seamlessly resilient. However, in order to guarantee that an SDN meets such resiliency requirements, its control-plane state needs to analyzed and validated against desired resiliency properties. In this paper, we present a framework to exhaustively analyze a snapshot of its control-plane state to compute packet flows between any pair of ports. We also present algorithms and data structures so that the changes caused by link failure/restoration to these packet flows can be computed incrementally. Our experimental results indicate that performing exhaustive analysis from scratch can take up to nine times longer than our proposed incremental computation algorithm.
Trade-offs between fecundity and choosiness in ovipositing butterflies

Being choosy can allow animals to find and identify the best resources or safest locations to rear offspring. Despite these benefits, individuals vary in the degree to which they are choosy. One explanation is that choosiness represents a costly form of offspring investment and is part of a suite of life history trade-offs. We examined trade-offs between choosiness and fecundity in the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae. To test the prediction that choosiness is negatively correlated with fecundity, we presented female cabbage white butterflies with an array of host plant leaves that varied in nutrient content and conspecific density. Butterflies preferentially laid eggs on leaves with higher nutrient content and fewer conspecific models. In addition, butterflies that were choosier with regard to plant nutrition also tended to be choosy in terms of conspecific density. Choosy females were less fecund, with fecundity measured as the sum of eggs laid over 3 days plus all remaining mature eggs in their abdomen. These results are consistent with the idea that life history trade-offs include investment in costly behavioural traits that require time and energy, such as choosiness or cognition.
Chip formation and similarity in the plano-grinding of explosive surrogates:

The processing of polymer-bonded explosives is not widely reported in the literature, especially the machining of explosive surrogates in the combined planing and grinding operation known as plano-...
Mothers’ Attributions About Child Misbehavior: Can Situational Suggestions Change General Perceptions?

ABSTRACTMothers’ attributions about children’s misbehavior were experimentally manipulated to examine causal relationships among attributions, mood, and behavior and assess whether suggestion can change mothers’ general perceptions. Forty mothers of children aged 33 to 71 months were primed with dysfunctional child-referent (child responsible) or environment-referent (situation caused) attributions before a parent-child interaction. Mothers in the dysfunctional child-referent condition placed greater responsibility on children, reported less positive mood and endorsed more overly reactive discipline, and their children displayed more negative mood and misbehavior. The experimental manipulation also affected mothers’ general child attributions. Understanding how attributions form and change has implications for parenting interventions.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION OF WHITE MICE VII. THE EFFECT OF SELECTIVE BREEDING ON HOST RESISTANCE. FURTHER STUDIES.

1. Survivors of an experimental mouse typhoid infection, selected and bred for a number of consecutive generations, give birth to offspring which are more resistant to the disease than a random group of the same inbred race. 2. Offspring of females most susceptible to this infection give birth to individuals which are more susceptible than a group of similar unselected mice.
Language and motor function thresholds during pediatric extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation brain mapping.

Abstract Objective To examine current thresholds and their determinants for language and motor mapping with extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation (ECS). Methods ECS electrocorticograph recordings were reviewed to determine functional thresholds. Predictors of functional thresholds were found with multivariable analyses. Results In 122 patients (age 11.9 ± 5.4 years), average minimum, frontal, and temporal language thresholds were 7.4 (± 3.0), 7.8 (± 3.0), and 7.4 (± 3.1) mA respectively. Average minimum, face, upper and lower extremity motor thresholds were 5.4 (± 2.8), 6.1 (± 2.8), 4.9 (± 2.3), and 5.3 (± 3.3) mA respectively. Functional and after-discharge (AD)/seizure thresholds were significantly related. Minimum, frontal, and temporal language thresholds were higher than AD thresholds at all ages. Minimum motor threshold was higher than minimum AD threshold up to 8.0 years of age, face motor threshold was higher than frontal AD threshold up to 11.8 years age, and lower subsequently. UE motor thresholds remained below frontal AD thresholds throughout the age range. Conclusions Functional thresholds are frequently above AD thresholds in younger children. Significance These findings raise concerns about safety and neurophysiologic validity of ECS mapping. Functional and AD/seizure thresholds relationships suggest individual differences in cortical excitability which cannot be explained by clinical variables.
Optimizing the Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify High-Risk Psychosocial Determinants of Health

Background: Care coordination programs have traditionally focused on medically complex patients, identifying patients that qualify by analyzing formatted clinical data and claims data. However, not all clinically relevant data reside in claims and formatted data. Recently, there has been increasing interest in including patients with complex psychosocial determinants of health in care coordination programs. Psychosocial risk factors, including social determinants of health, mental health disorders, and substance abuse disorders, are less amenable to rapid and systematic data analyses, as these data are often not collected or stored as formatted data, and due to US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations are often not available as claims data. Objective: The objective of our study was to develop a systematic approach using word recognition software to identifying psychosocial risk factors within any part of a patient’s electronic health record (EHR). Methods: We used QPID (Queriable Patient Inference Dossier), an ontology-driven word recognition software, to scan adult patients’ EHRs to identify terms predicting a high-risk patient suitable to be followed in a care coordination program in Massachusetts, USA. Search terms identified high-risk conditions in patients known to be enrolled in a care coordination program, and were then tested against control patients. We calculated precision, recall, and balanced F-measure for the search terms. Results: We identified 22 EHR-available search terms to define psychosocial high-risk status; the presence of 9 or more of these terms predicted that a patient would meet inclusion criteria for a care coordination program. Precision was .80, recall .98, and balanced F-measure .88 for the identified terms. For adult patients insured by Medicaid and enrolled in the program, a mean of 14 terms (interquartile range [IQR] 11-18) were present as identified by the search tool, ranging from 2 to 22 terms. For patients enrolled in the program but not insured by Medicaid, a mean of 6 terms (IQR 3-8) were present as identified by the search tool, ranging from 1 to 21. Conclusions: Selected informatics tools such as word recognition software can be leveraged to improve health care delivery, such as an EHR-based protocol that identifies psychosocially complex patients eligible for enrollment in a care coordination program. [JMIR Med Inform 2017;5(3):e25]