cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereo vision and shadow analysis for landing hazard detection

Unmanned planetary landers to date have landed "blind", without the benefit of onboard landing hazard detection and avoidance systems. This constrains landing sites to very benign terrain and limits the scientific goals of missions. We review sensor options for landing hazard detection, then identify an approach based on stereo vision and shadow analysis that appears to address the broadest set of missions with the lowest cost. We describe algorithms for slope estimation and rock detection with this approach, develop models of their performance, and validate those models experimentally. Instantiating our model of rock detection reliability for Mars predicts that this approach would reduce the probability of failed landing by at least a factor of 4 compared to blind landing. Conversely, for the safety level desired for the 2009 Mars lander, this approach would increase the fraction of the planet that is accessible for landing from about 1/3 to nearly 100%.
Within the twilight zone: a sensitive profile-profile comparison tool based on information theory

This paper presents a novel approach to profile-profile comparison. The method compares two input profiles (like those that are generated by PSI-BLAST) and assigns a similarity score to assess their statistical similarity. Our profile-profile comparison tool, which allows for gaps, can be used to detect weak similarities between protein families. It has also been optimized to produce alignments that are in very good agreement with structural alignments. Tests show that the profile-profile alignments are indeed highly correlated with similarities between secondary structure elements and tertiary structure. Exhaustive evaluations show that our method is significantly more sensitive in detecting distant homologies than the popular profile-based search programs PSI-BLAST and IMPALA. The relative improvement is the same order of magnitude as the improvement of PSI-BLAST relative to BLAST. Our new tool often detects similarities that fall within the twilight zone of sequence similarity.
Simple model for charged vector-meson production☆

Abstract A simple model is proposed to account for the salient features of the reactions π ± p → p ± p → K ∗± (890)p at high energies. It is argued that these processes are dominated by pion exchange and exchange-degenerate ω-f poles with SU(3) related residues.
Using MEMS Accelerometers to Improve Automobile Handwheel State Estimation for Force Feedback

This paper explores the possibility of combining solid state accelerometers with a low resolution position sensor to provide clean estimates of automobile handwheel position, velocity and acceleration for use in force feedback. Typically determining the acceleration and velocity of the handwheel requires differentiating a position sensor such as an encoder or potentiometer. Unless expensive high-resolution sensors are used, this differentiation leads to a noisy signal, requiring significant filtering which leads to significant phase lag. With a direct measurement of acceleration, we circumvent many of the problems associated with differentiation and filtering. This work uses a Kalman filter to combine a pair of MEMS accelerometers with a low-resolution potentiometer to estimate handwheel states. This measurement scheme is effective in this application because of the low frequency nature of the force feedback and because of the structural robustness of the handwheel system. Initial in-vehicle experimental results show the setup can provide smooth acceleration and velocity signals in a moving vehicle.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Virulence Regulatory Protein ToxR Mediates Enhanced Bile Resistance in Vibrio cholerae and Other Pathogenic Vibrio Species

The transmembrane regulatory protein ToxR is required for expression of virulence factors in the human diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae, including cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP). ToxR is necessary for transcription of the gene encoding a second regulatory protein, ToxT, which is the direct transcriptional activator of CT and TCP genes. However, ToxR, independent of ToxT, directly activates and represses transcription of the outer membrane porins OmpU and OmpT, respectively. The genes encoding TCP and CT (and including ToxT) lie on horizontally acquired genetic elements, while the toxR, ompU, and ompT genes are apparently in the ancestral Vibrio chromosome. The contribution of ToxR-dependent modulation of outer membrane porins to cholera pathogenesis has remained unknown. We demonstrate that ToxR mediates enhanced bile resistance in a ToxT-independent manner. In both classical and El Tor biotypes of V. cholerae, a toxR mutant strain has a reduced minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bile, the bile component deoxycholate (DC), and the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) compared to both wild-type and toxT mutant strains. Classical and El Tor toxR mutant strains also exhibit reduced growth rates at subinhibitory concentrations of DC and SDS. Growth of either V. cholerae biotype in subinhibitory concentrations of bile or DC induces increased ToxR-dependent production of a major 38-kDa outer membrane protein, which was confirmed to be OmpU by Western blot. Measurement of transcription of a ompUp-lacZ fusion in both biotypes reveals stimulation (about two- to threefold) of ToxR-dependent ompU transcription by the presence of bile or DC, suggesting that ToxR may respond to the presence of bile. The toxR mutant strains of three additional human intestinal pathogenic Vibrio species, V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, and V. parahaemolyticus, display lower MBCs of bile, DC, and SDS and have altered outer membrane protein profiles compared to the parental wild-type strains. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for ToxR in the modulation of outer membrane proteins and bile resistance of pathogenic Vibrio species and suggest that these ToxR-dependent outer membrane proteins may mediate enhanced resistance to bile. We speculate that ToxR-mediated bile resistance was an early step in the evolution of V. cholerae as an intestinal pathogen.
Depleted magnetic flux tubes as probes of the Io torus plasma

Abstract On the initial pass by Io the Galileo spacecraft detected thin tubes of magnetic flux that had stronger fields than their surroundings indicating that they were depleted in their energy content. These tubes have not been seen on every return to the Io torus, only on the passes with the longest stretches of data. They are also not observed much inside the orbit of Io. The statistics of their occurrence gives us further clues as to their origin and constraints on the properties of the Io torus plasmas. The tubes tend to occur in groups separated by hours of elapsed time suggesting a breakup from a larger structure and an episodic event type origin. The tubes also imply that the temperature of the torus is cooler than if all the plasma were due to heavy ion mass loading. The magnetic field excess inside the tubes also decreases with magnetic latitude following the expected latitude dependence of the beta of the plasma.
New Taxa from the Mamberamo River of Papua Province, Indonesia: Ardisia lammersiana (Myrsinaceae) and Psychotria leptothyrsa Var. Defretesiana (Rubiaceae)

Abstract. Ardisia lammersiana (Myrsinaceae) and Psychotria leptothyrsa var. defretesiana (Rubiaceae) are described from the Conservation International Mamberamo River Expedition. The new plants are locally common understory shrubs from tributaries of the lower drainage, occurring primarily in seasonally flooded forest. Among the New Guinea species in subgen. Akosmos, Ardisia lammersiana is easily identified by its long peduncles (7.0–10.5 cm), long pedicels (13–20 mm), and white flowers. The second novelty (Psychotria leptothyrsa var. defretesiana) is distinguished by its architectural form, obtuse leaf-blades, erect panicles, and 3–4-ridged pyrenes.
Differential Adaptations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Serial In Vitro Passage in Daptomycin: Evolution of Daptomycin Resistance and Role of Membrane Carotenoid Content and Fluidity

Previous studies showed serial 20 d in vitro passage of MRSA strain MW2 in sublethal daptomycin (DAP) resulted in diverse perturbations in both cell membrane (CM) and cell wall (CW) characteristics, including increased CM rigidity; increased CW thickness; &#x201c;gain-in-function&#x201d; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mprF locus (i.e., increased synthesis and translocation of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG)); progressive accumulation of SNPs in yyc and rpo locus genes; reduced carotenoid production; cross-resistance to innate host defense peptides. The current study was designed to characterize the reproducibility of these phenotypic and genotypic modifications following in vitro serial passages of the same parental strain. After a second 20d serial in vitro passage of parental MW2, emergence of DAP-R was associated with evolution of several phenotypes closely mirroring previous passage outcomes. However, in contrast to the initial serial passage strain set, we observed (i) only modest increase in L-PG synthesis and no increase in L-PG outer CM translocation; (ii) significantly increased carotenoid synthesis (); (iii) a different order of SNP accumulations (); (iv) a different cadre and locations of such SNPs. Thus, MRSA strains are not &#x201c;pre-programmed&#x201d; to phenotypically and/or genotypically adapt in an identical manner during induction of DAP resistance.
Aggregate settling velocity of combined sewage overflow.

Abstract In order to better model the fate and transport of material in a combined sewer overflow (CSO), hydrologic and geochemical measurements were made during a storm event in Flushing Bay, NY, USA. Particle size, total suspended solids concentrations, and CSO solid density are used to calculate the settling velocity of aggregates of the CSO material. Roughly half of the material that is discharged from the outfall sinks rapidly to the bottom, while the other half forms a turbid surface plume in fresher water. The dry solid density of the CSO material was 1589 kg m−3 and the volume fraction of solid material to total aggregate volume ranged from 0.1 to 1.0. The settling velocity estimates of aggregated material in the surface plume ranged from about 0.5 to 9.0 mm s−1 with a median settling velocity of 2.9 mm s−1. A strong inverse relationship between the size of the aggregates and the aggregate density resulted in a fractal dimension of the aggregates of 2.3.
Analyzing diving: a dataset for judging action quality

This work presents a unique new dataset and objectives for action analysis. The data presents 3 key challenges: tracking, classification, and judging action quality. The last of these, to our knowledge, has not yet been attempted in the vision literature as applied to sports where technique is scored. This work performs an initial analysis of the dataset with classification experiments, confirming that temporal information is more useful than holistic bag-of-features style analysis in distinguishing dives. Our investigation lays a groundwork of effective tools for working with this type of sports data for future investigations into judging the quality of actions.
Bacterium Causes Gastroesophageal Junction Inflammation and Exposes Uncontrolled Diabetes and Other Infections in an Adult Male

Patient: 52-year-old African-American male. Chief Complaint: Severe abdominal pain and difficulty eating. History of Present Illness: The patient presented to the emergency room (ER) with severe abdominal pain. Approximately 3 months prior to his visit, the patient stopped taking his metformin for diabetes and monitoring his glucose. For the next 3 months, the patient experienced rapid weight loss, a rash on the center of his tongue, genital skin sloughing, and sharp lower back pain. The patient then decided to resume his medication. Subsequently, the rash on his tongue cleared, the sloughing decreased but did not clear, and his back pain subsided. The patient began experiencing occasional pain when swallowing food, but dismissed the symptoms. On the morning prior to his ER visit, when the patient swallowed food he had mild discomfort in the upper esophagus and it felt as though food was lodged in his esophagus after the meal. Eating lunch increased the patient’s discomfort to a moderate level of pain that seemed to move with the food to the lower portion of his esophagus over a 2 hour period. Finally, an afternoon snack escalated the patient’s pain in the upper abdominal region to a severe level. Once again the patient described the pain as following the food as it traveled into the abdominal region. Past Medical and Surgical History: The patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus for approximately 10 years and hypercholesterolemia for at least 27 years. The patient had a hemorrhoidectomy 8 years earlier. Social History: No tobacco use, no alcohol use, and no intravenous drug abuse. Family History: The patient’s mother died at age 62 from type 2 diabetes mellitus complications that included 5 years of blindness accompanied by occasional seizures. The patient is a retired civil service employee. Physical Exam and Vital Signs: Upon admission, the …
Functional and Immunological Properties of Casein Hydrolysate Produced from a Two‐Stage Membrane System

A uniform hydrolysate with a relatively low free amino acid content (<5%) was produced from bovine casein with a commercial protease (Alcalase) in a two-stage membrane reactor. The trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen was 98.68% and degree of hydrolysis was 23.2% for the second-stage hydrolysate. The retained immunologically active casein was 2.32% and whey protein was 1.09% in the hydrolysate as determined by ELISA. The second-stage protein hydrolysate was completely soluble at 2% (w/v) from pH 3.0 to 9.0. Water sorption increased two to four times at water activities of 0.33 to 0.95 as compared to untreated casein.
Overexpression of the FRO2 Ferric Chelate Reductase Confers Tolerance to Growth on Low Iron and Uncovers Posttranscriptional Control

The Arabidopsis FRO2 gene encodes the low-iron-inducible ferric chelate reductase responsible for reduction of iron at the root surface. Here, we report that FRO2 and IRT1, the major transporter responsible for high-affinity iron uptake from the soil, are coordinately regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. FRO2 and IRT1 are induced together following the imposition of iron starvation and are coordinately repressed following iron resupply. Steady-state mRNA levels of FRO2 and IRT1 are also coordinately regulated by zinc and cadmium. Like IRT1, FRO2 mRNA is detected in the epidermal cells of roots, consistent with its proposed role in iron uptake from the soil. FRO2 mRNA is detected at high levels in the roots and shoots of 35S-FRO2 transgenic plants. However, ferric chelate reductase activity is only elevated in the 35S-FRO2 plants under conditions of iron deficiency, indicating that FRO2 is subject to posttranscriptional regulation, as shown previously for IRT1. Finally, the 35S-FRO2 plants grow better on low iron as compared with wild-type plants, supporting the idea that reduction of ferric iron to ferrous iron is the rate-limiting step in iron uptake.
Database of State Tarasoff Laws

of California 1 (1976) set as precedence that a special relationship exists between a psychotherapist and the potential victims of the client receiving treatment. Virtually all states have weighed in on the matter, either through court decisions or statutory code. Below is a list how each state and the surrounding law. Type describes the style of law in each state. While many states have a simple mandatory requirement to warn ( mandatory ), and important minority does not explicitly require due warning but allows warning as a lawful breach of patient-client privileges ( discretion ) (see the notes on Texas for further clarification). Distinctions occur in the difference between which professionals are named as having a duty ( professionals named ), what is the required standard of threat made by the patient ( standard of threat ), the required standard to be considered a victim (standard of victim ), and who may be made aware of the threat expressed in confidence ( parties warned ). Lastly, if a state statute exists, it is cataloged, and any predating court decisions are described in the notes.
The relationship between alcohol consumption, cognitive performance, and daily functioning in an urban sample of older Black Americans

OBJECTIVE: To report on moderate alcohol consumption and measurements of cognitive function and activities of daily living in an older, urban, community-dwelling sample of black Americans. DESIGN: As part of a community prevalence study of dementia, information on alcohol consumption and cognitive performance was collected on 2040 randomly selected black subjects living in Indianapolis. MEASUREMENTS: From questions in the screening interview, alcohol consumption was grouped into four categories: lifetime abstainers, regular drinkers less than 4 drinks per week, 4 to 10 drinks per week, and more than 10 drinks per week. Current and past drinkers were analyzed separately. Three measurements were used: (1) a total cognitive score; (2) the delayed recall score from the East Boston Memory Test; (3) a score for daily functioning based upon information from the informant. Multiple regression models were fitted with drinking variables as the major predictor, including covariates of age, gender, education, history of stroke, hypertension, being treated for depression, and a family history of dementia. MAIN RESULTS: In all analyses, there was a very consistent pattern for both current and past drinkers. There was a small but significant dose effect of drinking for the drinkers, with subjects in the heaviest drinking category scoring poorest, i.e., lowest scores in cognitive tests and highest scores in scales of daily functioning indicating more impairment. The scores of abstainers were worse than those of subjects in the lightest drinking category. The pattern of scores for cognitive performance and daily functioning was similar between current and past drinkers. These patterns remained the same even after potential confounders were included. CONCLUSIONS: Previous research on effects of alcohol on health indices have suggested a J-shaped relationship between amounts of alcohol consumption and measurements of heart disease, stroke, and mortality rates. Our study provides some support for the concept of a similar J-shaped relationship between cognitive performance and alcohol consumption, but the differences between drinking categories were modest and the clinical significance of these findings uncertain.
Scalable networked information processing environment (SNIPE)

Abstract Scalable Networked Information Processing Environment (SNIPE) is a metacomputing system that aims to provide a reliable, secure, fault-tolerant environment for long-term distributed computing applications and data stores across the global Internet. This system combines global naming and replication of both processing and data to support large-scale information processing applications leading to better availability and reliability than currently available with typical cluster computing and/or distributed computer environments. To facilitate this the system supports: distributed data collection, distributed computation, distributed control and resource management, distributed output and process migration. The underlying system supports multiple communication paths, media and routing methods to aid performance and robustness across both local and global networks. This paper details the goals, design and an initial implementation of SNIPE, and then demonstrates its usefulness in supporting a middleware project. Initial communications performance is also presented.
Atmospheric‐Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Pyrite Thin Films

Iron pyrite (cubic FeS 2 ) is a promising candidate absorber material for earth-abundant thin-fi lm solar cells. In this report, single-phase, large-grain, and uniform polycrystalline pyrite thin fi lms are fabricated on glass and molybdenum-coated glass substrates by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using the reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate and tert -butyl disulfi de in argon at 300 ° C, followed by sulfur annealing at 500‐550 ° C to convert marcasite impurities to pyrite. The pyrite-marcasite phase composition depends strongly on the concentration of sodium in the growth substrate and the sulfur partial pressure during annealing. Phase and elemental composition of the fi lms are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The in-plane electrical properties are surprisingly insensitive to phase and elemental impurities, with all fi lms showing p -type, thermally activated transport with a small activation energy ( ≈ 30 meV), a roomtemperature resistivity of ≈ 1 Ω cm, and low mobility. These ubiquitous electrical properties may result from robust surface effects. These CVD pyrite thin fi lms are well suited to fundamental electrical studies and the fabrication of pyrite photovoltaic device stacks.
Patient-triggered ventilation using cutaneous sensors

Patient-triggered ventilation (PTV) prevents asynchrony between spontaneous and ventilator breaths which can be problematic on conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). Cutaneous sensors sensitively detect spontaneous breathing in very low birthweight infants despite very small spontaneous airway flow or pressure changes, and lack interference due to air leaks, secretions or surfactant in the airway. The Star Sync module and the Graseby capsule taped to the abdomen enable the InfantStar ventilator to provide the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and assist-control (A/C) modes of PTV. Short-term studies in very low birthweight infants have shown better oxygenation, increased and more consistent tidal volumes and reduced cerebral blood flow velocity variability on SIMV than on IMV. A large, multicentre randomized trial showed an overall reduction in mean airway pressure, and in specific birthweight groups there was improved oxygenation, decreased need for sedation, shorter duration of ventilation, less need for long-term supplemental oxygen and earlier weight gain on SIMV than on IMV. The Sechrist IV-200 synchronized assisted ventilation of infants (SAVI) system uses modified transthoracic impedance to produce PTV and it decreased the duration of ventilation in very low birthweight infants in one study. Appropriate cutaneous placement of the sensors of both of these systems is necessary in order to optimize the clinical response time and reliability of PTV. Since their cutaneous sensors are not affected by airway leak, both systems may be used to reliably provide PTV via nasal prongs.
Minimality of a solution update in conflict resolution: An application of revision programming to the von Neumann–Morgenstern approach: Research Articles

In a 1944 book that started game theory (and the mathematical approach to conflict resolution), von Neumann and Morgenstern proposed the notion of a solution. When the situation changes, the old solution is often no longer a solution, so it needs to be updated. In practical applications, it is usually desirable to keep the solution change “minimal” in some reasonable sense. We show that for a seemingly straightforward formalization of this minimality, checking whether a change is minimal is NP-hard. We also show that by representing the notion of a solution as a collection of revision rules, we can produce a reasonable notion of minimality for which there exists a feasible algorithm for checking the minimality of the update. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 939–956, 2005.
Systematic Review: Interventions to Educate Children About Dog Safety and Prevent Pediatric Dog-Bite Injuries: A Meta-Analytic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Dog-bite injury posits a significant threat to children globally. This review evaluated efficacy of cognitive/behavioral interventions for improving children's knowledge and behaviors around dogs. METHODS: Manuscripts published before January 3, 2014 evaluating cognitive/behavioral interventions for dog-bite prevention among children RESULTS: Cognitive/behavioral interventions had a moderate effect in improving children's knowledge and a larger effect in improving children's behavior with dogs. The most effective intervention strategies were video for knowledge and instruction with live dogs for behaviors. Quality of evidence was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive/behavioral interventions have potential to improve both children's knowledge and behaviors around dogs. Future interventions should include multiple follow-ups on dog-bite rates from an international perspective using rigorous randomized controlled trials. Language: en
The failed Western challenge to Russia’s revival in Eurasia?

The current crisis in Russia’s relations with the West has more often than not been blamed in the West on Russia itself and the authoritarian policies pursued by Vladimir Putin. As reprehensible as many aspects of Russian policy might be, the West has contributed to the deterioration in the relationship by ignoring Russian policy concerns and attempting to take advantage of Russian weakness. By acting thus the West has not only created major problems for itself. It has also made any diplomatic solution to the Ukraine tragedy increasingly unlikely.
Magnetic Flux Valve: A Magnetoelectric Materials-Based Device for Conversion and Control of Electric Power

This paper introduces a voltage-controlled static magnetic device called magnetic flux valve. It is mainly used in a magnetic circuit to actively control the magnetic flux through the magnetic circuit. The magnetic flux valve has a laminated structure of two different types of layers made of a magnetostrictive material, e.g., amorphous alloy ribbon, and a piezoelectric material, e.g., piezoelectric sheet. The permeability of the magnetostrictive layers changes when an external control voltage applied to the piezoelectric layers changes, which is known as the converse magnetoelectric effect. A permeability change of the magnetic flux valve will lead to a change of the reluctance of the magnetic flux valve and the reluctance of the magnetic circuit containing the magnetic flux valve. As a consequence, the magnetic flux and/or its distribution in the magnetic circuit will change. There is a great potential to use the proposed magnetic flux valve to develop new equipment, such as tunable inductor and adjustable-voltage-ratio transformer for more flexible conversion and control of electric power in many applications. This paper presents the concept, magnetic properties, working principles, and applications of the magnetic flux valve.
Transformative Pedagogy: Emergent Bilinguals and Perspective Taking

ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the limited research on emergent bilinguals, perspective taking, and second language reading of informative text. The explicit integration of Freire’s (1993) notion of conscientizacao, or consciousness-raising, with the constructs of empathy and embodiment (Gee, 2001; Hurtado, 1996) and with translanguaging (Garcia, 2009) represented conceptual frameworks that explicitly guided the pedagogical approaches implemented in the study. The findings indicated that the incorporation of the integrated conceptual frameworks with the prescribed fourth grade social studies curriculum enabled emergent bilinguals to generate their own perspectives concerning social justice and equity when studying about slavery in Texas.
Lincoln and the Power of the Press: The War for Public Opinion. By Harold Holzer. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2014. Pp. xxxi, 735. $37.50.)

Abraham Lincoln understood the power of the press and made every effort to use it to further his political career and presidential policies. In his day, most American newspapers were highly partisa...
On the Unlikely Case of an Error-Free Principal Component From a Set of Fallible Measures.

This note extends the results in the 2016 article by Raykov, Marcoulides, and Li to the case of correlated errors in a set of observed measures subjected to principal component analysis. It is show...
The Nile River

This chapter provides a brief overview of background of the Nile River, scope of the chapter, geographical features of the Nile River, hydrological features of the Nile River, economic aspects of the Nile River, and the legal aspects of the Nile River.
MARKET ORIENTALISM: Cultural Economy and the Arab Gulf States

MARKET ORIENTALISM: Cultural Economy and the Arab Gulf States. By Benjamin Smith. x and 347 pp.; bibliog., index. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2015. $49.95 (cloth), isbn 9780815634102...
Effects of finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles on beef quality attributes and fatty acid profile

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) on quality attributes of three beef muscles (longissimus lumborum, psoas major, and infraspinatus). Ninety-six, yearlings crossbred steers were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (Corn, 15%, or 30% WDGS - DM basis) and fed for 133 d. No significant differences were observed in marbling score (P = 0.89), marbling texture (P = 0.70), and marbling distribution (P = 0.36). Greater concentrations of PUFA and lower levels of 18:1(n-7) were observed in beef from steers fed 30% WDGS when compared to other treatments. Lipid oxidation was also greater in beef from steers fed 30% WDGS (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were observed in sensorial attributes and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) for all muscles (P > 0.05). Feeding WDGS increased PUFA and lipid oxidation, which may lead to shorter shelf life.
Venous Ports in Infants.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate technical success and the incidences of, and risk factors for, mechanical and infectious complications of venous port placement in infants. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective single-institution cohort study of port placement in infants (age Results During the study years, 64 ports were placed in 64 infants, with a technical success rate of 100%. The mean catheter life was 321 days (total range, 4–1,917 d; interquartile range [IQR], 107–421 d). There were 13 CCABSI events (0.63 per 1,000 CDs); of these, 8 (12.5% among 64 patients) required port removal for infection. There was an increase in CCABSIs in patients with left-sided port placement (relative risk [RR], 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–10.14; P = .05). There were 8 mechanical complications of the port reservoir or catheter (0.39 per 1,000 CDs). Of these, 2 (3.1%) required removal. Patients in the lowest weight quartile were at an increased risk of mechanical complications (RR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.09–17.48; P = .04). Conclusions Venous ports can be placed with a high rate of technical success in infants. Left-sided ports and low weight are associated with increased infectious and mechanical complications, respectively.
Surgical anatomy and morphologic variations of umbilical structures.

The umbilicus is the main access route to the abdominal cavity in laparoscopic surgeries. However, its anatomical configuration is rarely studied in the surgical and anatomical literature. With int...
Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of the Arabidopsis Assay in the Identification of Carcinogens

In 61 laboratories using a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic short-term assays a maximum of 42 chemicals were tested. The purpose of the study was to identify the best battery of assays for screening carcinogens. None of the assay systems correctly identified all the proven carcinogens or “noncarcinogens”. The individual assays were characterized by sensitivity (% of correct identification of carcinogens), specificity (% of correct identification of “noncarcinogens”), predictivity (% of carcinogens correctly identified among all the compounds tested) and hypersensitivity (% of compounds classified as carcinogens among all the compounds tested.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTIVITY OF ACETALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE AND THE STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the correlation between the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and the structure of mitochondria. Hepatic oxidation of ethanol to acetate involves two oxidation steps, each catalyzed by an NAD-dependent enzyme. Most of the NADH generated during the metabolism of ethanol has to be oxidized by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, as cytoplasmic reactions are inadequate for reoxidation of NADH. Thus, the capacity of mitochondria to oxidize NADH becomes rate limiting in the overall metabolism of ethanol. In view of this importance of mitochondria in the oxidation reaction of NADH, the studies discussed in the chapter were undertaken to measure the rate of electron flux from acetaldehyde dehydrogenase located in the mitochondrial matrix to the cytochrome chain bound to the inner membrane, under various conditions. By employing very sensitive fluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques, redox changes of NADH and cytochrome c upon addition of acetaldehyde were monitored directly from intact mitochondria, without treatment with detergent or addition of an excess amount of exogenous NAD+. Thus, the characteristics of mitochondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenase were explored under the condition that was more close to a native environment.
The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography , by David G. White

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography , by David G. White. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. xvii + 273 pp., $24.95. ISBN 978-0-691-14377-4 (hb).
Optimization of Multitarget Tracking Within a Sensor Network via Information-Guided Clustering

This work presents a new algorithm for rapid and efficient clustering of sensing nodes within a heterogeneous wireless sensor network. The objective is to enable optimal sensor allocation for localization uncertainty reduction in multi-target tracking. The proposed algorithm is built on three metrics: (i) sensing feasibility; (ii) measurement quality to maximize information utility; and, (iii) communication cost to minimize data routing time. The derived cluster is employed as the search-space for optimal sensor allocation via maximizing the uncertainty reduction of the expected probability distribution over a target’s state-space. Theoretical analysis is used to show advantage of the proposed method in terms of information utility over the widely used Euclidean distance based clustering approach. The analysis is verified via simulated target tracking examples, in terms of metrics of information utility and computational expenditure. Simulations also reveal relationships between sensor field density and the extent of information gain over competing methods.
Narrative in the Time of Trump: Is the Narrative Policy Framework good enough to be relevant?

Narratives are the primary way by which people both understand themselves and how they communicate with others. The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), a framework intended to help researchers make s...
Leadless Pacing for Superior Vena Cava Occlusion

A 94 year old woman with a left pectoral transvenous pacemaker presented with near syncope and was found to have lead fracture. In anticipation of lead revision, venography demonstrate SVC occlusion with extensive collateralization via the azygous and hemiazygous veins. A leadless pacemaker via femoral venous access in uncomplicated fashion.
Abstract P25: Prostate cancer and COVID-19 outcomes: Results from the Cleveland Clinic registry of COVID-19 and cancer patients

Background: The impact of disease characteristics and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or other treatments for prostate cancer (PC) on severity of infection with Covid-19 has not been elucidated. We report results from our PC patients (pts) with Covid-19 in our registry of Covid-19 treated cancer patients at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of PC pts who tested positive for Covid-19 between 3/16/2020 and 5/21/2020 at the Cleveland Clinic. Additional information including prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, disease extent, and current treatment were also obtained. Severe Covid-19 infection was defined as any pt requiring hospitalization, ICU care, and/or death. PSA values from prior to Covid-19 infection or first available after Covid-19 infected were collected. Analysis was carried out with Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, as applicable, and overall survival (OS) by log rank test. Results: A total of 54 pts with prostate cancer that tested positive for Covid-19 were identified, of which 4 were receiving active treatment (2 with metastatic disease and 2 with localized disease). Of the 2 pts with metastatic disease, 1 was on docetaxel with ADT and other on abiraterone/prednisone with ADT. Of the 2 pts with localized disease, 1 was on ADT and bicalutamide and other on ADT alone. A total of 40 patients had severe Covid-19 disease. There was no correlation with ADT and Covid-19 disease severity (p=0.67). There were 22 pts with Gleason 6, 20 pts with Gleason 7, 6 pts with Gleason 8, 4 pts with Gleason 9, 1 pt with Gleason 10, and 1 pt with Gleason unknown PC. There was no correlation between absolute (p=0.21) or divided (p=0.65) Gleason score with disease severity. There were 4 pts with metastatic disease and 46 with localized disease and no correlation was seen with extent of disease and Covid-19 severity (p>0.99). Fifty pts had PSA data available, and there was no correlation of PSA with Covid-19 disease severity (p=0.28). The mortality from Covid-19 was 26% (14 out of 54 pts) in our cohort. Out of the 14 pts who died, 2 were on active treatment that included ADT. There was no association between Gleason score (p=0.2649), extent of disease (p=0.9642), or treatment (p=0.5998) and OS. Conclusions: In our registry of Covid-19 treated cancer patients, we did not see any correlation between PC disease-risk factors and treatment with Covid-19 severity. While the results are limited by small patient population, they provide valuable information that PC treatment did not affect severity of Covid-19. Citation Format: Scott J. Dawsey, Nathan A. Pennell, Christopher Lemmon, Amanda Nizam, Wei Wei, Timothy D. Gilligan, Moshe C. Ornstein, Shilpa Gupta. Prostate cancer and COVID-19 outcomes: Results from the Cleveland Clinic registry of COVID-19 and cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P25.
The Role of Imagination, Marginalized Communities, Law and Technology in Building an Ethical Approach to the Anthropocene

In times of profound socio-economic and environmental crises and the distrust in global governance institutions, it is necessary to rethink our categories of interpretation of reality. We should pave the way for a positive and optimistic discussion on how to rebuild trust between humans and nonhumans. Along with the required changes of approach to technology and governance, the power of imagination and experiences from least developed countries and marginalized communities could be helpful instruments to deal with the challenges of the Anthropocene. This chapter reviews the main findings and examines how humans are still relevant in the Anthropocene.
Fast Sensitivity Analysis of Three-Dimensional Photochemical Models

Photochemical air quality models increasingly are being used to understand the atmospheric dynamics of air pollutants and as the basis of emission control regulations. The response of the these model predictions to system parameters or emission controls provides valuable information for the strategy design to improve air quality. Such information can be pursued via sensitivity analysis, the systematic calculation of sensitivity coefficients, to quantitatively measure these dependencies. However, sensitivity analysis has not seen as wide of use as desired, in part because of the implementation complexity as well as computational limitations. For these reasons, sensitivity analysis has been applied primarily to subsystems of air quality models (e. g. Koda et al., 1974; Rabitz et al., 1983; Milford et al., 1992), or to limited aspects in air quality models (Cho et al., 1987). The “brute-force” method has been the most frequently used to determine model sensitivities, but it rapidly becomes less viable and prohibitively inefficient for a model when a large number of sensitivity coefficients needs to be computed.
The Scalability of Mesh Improvement Algorithms

In this paper we develop a common framework to explore the scalability of three improvement strategies for unstructured meshes: adaptive refinement, vertex smoothing, and edge flipping. We give a general parallel algorithm for these strategies based on defining, for each algorithm, an elemental operation and a task graph. By choosing the correct task graph, we can ensure the correct parallel execution of the algorithms independent of implementation. Finally, we present experimental results obtained on an IBM SP system and use these results to investigate, in practice, the scaling and relative costs of these algorithms.
Atmospherics: Abortion Law and Philosophy

In 1934, Karl N. Llewellyn published a lively essay trumpeting the dawn of legal realism, "On Philosophy in American Law." The charm of his defective little piece is its style and audacity. A philosopher might be seduced into reading Llewellyn's essay by its title; but one soon learns that by "philosophy" Llewellyn only meant "atmosphere". His concerns were the "general approaches" taken by practitioners, who may not even be aware of having general approaches. Llewellyn paired an anemic concept of philosophy with a pumped-up conception of law. Llewellyn's "law" included anything that reflects the "ways of the law guild at large" - judges, legislators, regulators, and enforcers. Llewellyn argued that the legal philosophies implicit in American legal practice had been natural law, positivism and realism, each adopted in response to felt needs of a time. We must reckon with many other implicit "philosophies" to understand the workings of the law guild, not the least of which has been racism. Others, maternalism and paternalism, my foci here, persist in American law, despite women's progress toward equality. Both maternalism and paternalism were strikingly present in a recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, Gonzales v. Carhart, upholding the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.
The nucleus lateralis tuberis system of the gobiid fish Gillichthys mirabilis. 3. Functional modification of the neurons and gonadotropic cells.

Abstract Using electron microscopy the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) system (NLT neurons and type “B” fibers making synaptoid contacts with the different cells of the pituitary gland) and the pituitary gonadotropes of the teleost fish Gillichthys mirabilis were studied following various experimental treatments designed to alter gonadotropin secretion. In intact animals there was a direct relationship between both gonadal activity and neurosecretory activity in the lateral group of NLT neurons. NLT activity was assessed by the quantity of large granulated vesicles (LGV) and by examining the state of the organelles implicated in protein synthesis. After castration, the lateral NLT neurons became extremely active; this reaction was abolished with supplementary androgen therapy. Only one cell type of the ventral region of the mesoadenohypophysis changed as a consequence of the experimental treatments. This cell type is richly innervated by type “B” fibers; these fibers showed changes in LGV concentration comparable to changes in lateral NLT neurons. These results suggest the participation of the lateral group of NLT neurons in pituitary gonadotropic regulation, probably by way of type “B” fibers.
An angle-resolved photoemission study of the chemisorption of chalcogens on Cu(100): I. The clean surface

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments on Cu(100) as a first step towards studying oxygen and sulfur chemisorption on this surface. Normal emission spectra were obtained on the photon energy range hv = 9 to 34 eV using synchrotron radiation at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Both energy distribution curves and constant final state spectra were taken. Using the three-step direct-transition model, experimental dispersion curves were measured which agrees well with the band structure of Janak, Williams, and Moruzzi. Their calculation includes an 8% self-energy correction to account for electron electron interactions. The best agreement (within 0.1 eV) between theoretical and experimental results is obtained in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The largest differences (0.3 to 0.8 eV) occur for the lowest Δ1 band. Polarization selection rules were used to identify band symmetry. Umklapp processes were apparently observed at higher photon energies where more than one final-state band was accessible. Changes in the electron analyzer angular resolution were found to affect peak positions where bands showed strong dispersion and relative peak intensity. Evidence for a surface state in the sd-hybridization gap is considered. The utility of the three-step model is evaluated.
Demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors identify a high-risk group for depression screening among predominantly Hispanic patients with Type 2 diabetes in safety net care

Abstract Objective Identify biopsychosocial factors associated with depression for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Method A quasi-experimental clinical trial of 1293 patients was predominantly Hispanic (91%) female (62%), mean age 53 and average diabetes duration 10years; 373 (29%) patients were depressed and assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Demographic, baseline clinical and psychosocial variables were compared between depressed and nondepressed patients. Results Bivariate analyses found depression significantly associated ( p p Conclusion Knowing biopsychosocial factors could help primary care physicians and endocrinologists identify a high-risk group of patients needing depression screening.
Averted School Shootings

An overview of research on averted school shootings, beginning with an overview of the phenomenon of lethal school violence, including prevalence and the effects of shootings on the school community. A review and analysis of the research on averted school shootings is followed by an overview of Daniels and Bradley’s five-pronged Safe School Communities Model. The model includes skills instruction, expected student behaviors, engagement with the community, student self/other awareness, and positive adult interactions.