cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolism incidence in head and neck surgery patients: Analysis of the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database.

Abstract Objective Venous thromboembolism (VTE) may cause significant postoperative morbidity and mortality; research in other surgical fields suggests an elevated VTE risk persists up to 30 days after surgery, beyond hospital discharge. We performed a review of the Veteran’s Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Project (VASQIP) database to determine the 30-day incidence of VTE following head and neck surgery and assess the proportion of VTE that occur post-discharge. Materials and methods A retrospective review was performed of all head and neck ablative procedures captured in the VASQIP database between 1991 and 2015. Post-operative VTE incidence was determined and the relationship of pre-operative data and post-operative mortality to VTE incidence was assessed. Results 48,986 patients were included in the study; there were 152 VTE events (0.31%) and 39 (25.7%) occurred post-discharge. Lower VTE rates were found in parotidectomies (0.22%) and thyroid/parathyroid cases (0.23%), and higher rates in free flap (1.52%) and laryngectomy cases (0.69%). Age >70, recent weight loss, low serum albumin, and increased surgical time were all associated with increased VTE incidence on multivariate analysis. 90-day mortality in patients without VTE was 2.1% compared to 19.7% in patients who experienced a VTE. Conclusion While the documented rate of VTE in a national dataset is relatively low following head and neck surgeries, it is elevated with certain procedure categories and following long operations, and a significant proportion of VTE occur post-discharge. This study provides baseline data to better inform efforts to risk-stratify and customize thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing head and neck procedures.
The complaint of persistent fever. Recognition and management of pseudo fever of unknown origin.

This article is based on the author’s experience with 93 children referred by family physicians or pediatricians for evaluation of persistent fever. Criteria that differentiate FUO from pseudo-FUO are discussed, pitfalls that delay and complicate definitive management of pseudo-FUO are described, and suggestions for treatment of pseudo-FUO are provided.
Training in office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine in US residency programs: A national survey of residency program directors

Background: The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) has increased sharply. Office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine (OBOT) is effective but often underutilized because of physicians' la...
Technology disruptions: exploring the changing roles of designers, makers, and users in the fashion industry

Digital technologies are becoming an integral part of today’s fashion industry and starting to disrupt many traditional approaches and leading to a paradigm shift. Consequentially, technology has d...
Early oxidation behavior of Si-coated titanium

Abstract Oxidation of pure Ti coated with a thin Si layer was investigated to clarify the role of titanium silicide phases in improving oxidation resistance of titanium alloys. The system initially reacted to form a two-layer structure with Ti5Si3 and SiO2. Oxidation proceeded by upward diffusion of Ti to form TiO2 wedge-like crystals on the surface and inward oxidation of Ti5Si3 into a mixed nanocrystalline TiO2 and SiO2 internal scale that was locally layered. The Ti5Si3 phase inhibited oxygen inward diffusion, thereby limiting oxygen ingress into Ti and retarding inward Ti oxidation until the silicide layer was completely oxidized.
Surface Potential Studies of Human Hair Using Kelvin Probe Microscopy

It is obvious that during combing and running the hands through one’s hair, physical damage is likely to occur. These actions also tend to create an electrostatic charge on the hair, and it is of interest whether or not the physical wear and the electrostatic charge are related, or if charge has been created by other mechanism. The presence of this static charge in the real world is a major problem concerning hair manageability, flyaway behavior, feel, and appearance so understanding the mechanisms behind charge buildup, and how to control it, is a focal point in designing effective hair care products such as conditioner.
Flat World Knowledge: Creating a Global Revolution in College Textbooks!

This teaching case documents the start-up and strategy of Flat World Knowledge, a firm entering the textbook publishing industry with a disruptive strategy. The case can be used in classes related to entrepreneurship, new venture creation, venture capital, industry disruption, blue ocean strategies, or strategic management.
Should palliative care be a necessity or a luxury during an overwhelming health catastrophe

In the event of a widespread health catastrophe in which either or both human and material resources were in critically short supply, rationing must take place, especially if the scarcity will last for some time. There are several tested allocation methods that are routinely used during emergencies. These include triage procedures employed by emergency departments and the military on the battlefield. The goal is to save the lives of as many as possible. When it is not possible to save all, or even most, who come for care, what should be done, if anything, with those whose fate is death? The central tenet and goal of medicine is the relief of suffering. If we take this seriously as an axiom of practice, then healthcare providers and the institutions in which they work are duty-bound to provide comfort and relief to all, especially the dying. There are several ways this can be done. One is to prepare by training sufficient individuals to provide what might be called emergency palliative care. These people do not all have to be doctors but could (and should) include people from a range of backgrounds including nursing, allied health, pastoral care, and social work. For them to be able to do their jobs effectively, some basic supplies should be stockpiled so the pain and suffering associated with untreated illness and injury can be relieved. However, what happens when there is a shortage of, say, opiates, so that relief of air hunger and pain cannot be eased? Then critical decisions must be made. Alternative sources of symptom relief not considered under ordinary circumstances might be used. However, it is possible to imagine a situation when all resources are in critically short supply. Those remaining resources, logically and morally, should be allocated to persons who can survive. In this scenario, what can be offered to the suffering dying? This might depend on the attitude of personnel caring for patients. In desperate circumstances, it is possible the proscription against active euthanasia could be justifiably overridden by concern for ongoing, relentless, and unmitigated suffering. Any justification that could be made for such action would be undermined by arbitrary or capricious administration. Thus, preparation for a catastrophic healthcare emergency should take into account all conceivable outcomes.
Compounds that target novel cellular components involved in HIV-1 transcription.

Therapeutic intervention designed to block expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a cellular level may slow the clinical progression of HIV-1 disease. Cellular models of latent (OM-10.1 and U1) and chronic (8E5) HIV infection were used to evaluate two benzothiophene derivatives, PD 121871 and PD 144795, for an ability to inhibit HIV activation and expression. The benzothiophene derivatives were effective at micromolar concentrations in preventing tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced HIV-1 expression in OM-10.1 and U1 cultures. These compounds inhibited the activation of HIV-1 transcription; however, this inhibition was selective in that another TNFα-induced response, the transcription of autocrine TNFα, was unaffected. Constitutive HIV-1 expression by chronically infected 8E5 cells was also significantly reduced when treated with these experimental compounds. In TNFα-treated OM-10.1 cultures, the inhibition of HIV-1 transcription by these compounds was not due to a block of nuclear factor-κB induction. The benzothiophene derivatives also inhibited HIV-1 activation by phorbol ester treatment of OM-10.1 promyelocytes, although no inhibition of cellular differentiation toward a macrophage-like phenotype was observed. Furthermore, these experimental compounds induced a state of HIV-1 latency in cytokine-activated OM-10.1 cultures even when maintained under constant TNFα stimulation. The benzothiophene derivatives did not inhibit the activity of the HIV-1 trans-activator. Tat, when evaluated in transient transfection assays. The benzothiophene derivatives appear to inhibit a critical cellular component, distinct from nuclear factor-κB, involved in HIV transcription and may serve to identify new therapeutic targets to restrict HIV expression.
Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract Objectives Physical exercise is recommended for individuals with type 1 diabetes, yet the effects of exercise on glycemic control are not well established. We evaluated the impact of different modes of exercise on glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods In a 3-week randomized crossover trial, 10 adults with type 1 diabetes (4 men and 6 women, aged 33±6 years; duration of diabetes, 18±10 years; glycated hemoglobin level, 7.4%±1%) were assigned to 3 weeks of intervention: aerobic exercise (treadmill at 60% of maximum volume of oxygen utilization), resistance training (8 to 12 repetitions of 5 upper and lower body exercises at 60% to 80% of 1 repetition maximum) or no exercise (control). During each exercise week, participants completed 2 monitored 45 min exercise sessions. For each week of the study, we analyzed participants’ insulin pump data, sensor glucose data and meal intake using a custom smart-phone application. The primary outcome was the percentage of time in range (glucose >3.9 mmol/L and ≤10 mmol/L) for the 24 h after each bout of exercise or rest during the control week. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT:02687893). Results Aerobic exercise caused a mean glucose reduction during exercise of 3.94±2.67 mmol/L, whereas the reduction during resistance training was 1.33±1.78 mmol/L (p=0.007). The mean percentage time in range for the 24 h after resistance training was significantly greater than that during the control period (70% vs. 56%, p=0.013) but not after aerobic exercise (60%). Conclusions The results indicate that when various confounders are considered, resistance training could improve glycemic control in this population.
Outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy in the cirrhotic patient: risk stratification and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Cirrhosis increases the risk of perioperative mortality in gastrointestinal surgery. Though cirrhosis is sometimes considered a contraindication to pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), few data are available in this patient population. The aim of the present study is to identify predictors of outcome in cirrhotic patients undergoing PD. Methods Patients undergoing PD with biopsy-proved cirrhosis were evaluated. Primary endpoints were morbidity and mortality. Child score, MELD score, and radiographic evidence of portal hypertension (pHTN) were assessed for accuracy in preoperative risk stratification. A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis was also performed to query morbidity and mortality of patients with cirrhosis reported to undergo PD. Results Between 2005 and 2015, 36 cirrhotic patients underwent PD; three year follow-up was complete. Median Child score was 6 (range 5–10); median MELD score was 9 (range 7–18). Perioperative (90-day) mortality was 6/36. Median survival was 37 months (range 0.2–116). MELD ≥ 10 was associated with increased mortality (4/13 vs. 2/13, p = 0.004). Irrespective of Child or MELD score, those with pHTN had poor outcomes including significantly greater intraoperative blood loss, increased incidence of major complication, and length of stay. Postoperative mortality was significantly higher with pHTN (3/16 vs. 1/13, p = 0.012). Conclusion Pancreatoduodenectomy may be considered in carefully selected cirrhotic patients. MELD ≥ 10 predicts increased risk of postoperative mortality. Specific attention should be afforded to patients with preoperative radiographic evidence of portal hypertension as this group experiences poor outcomes irrespective of MELD or Child score.
Ambient vapor sampling and selective cluster formation for the trace detection of tributyl phosphate via atmospheric flow tube mass spectrometry.

Abstract In addition to serving as an f-element ligand and rare-earth method complexing agent, tributyl phosphate is a compound containing core functional groups that mimic those routinely found in degradation products from industrial processes. Because detection of trace quantities of tributyl phosphate can provide insight into the routes of contamination and degradation in the environment, there is a need to develop methods capable of detecting trace quantities of tributyl phosphate. Vapor detection at atmospheric pressure is one approach that is both sensitive and rapid. We present here the use of atmospheric flow tube mass spectrometry for the ambient vapor sampling of tributyl phosphate from headspace of ppb-level solutions in methanol. Gas phase clustering reactions were to enhance detection levels via the addition of small quantities of the dopants diethylamine, triethylamine, and pinacolyl methylphosphonate in the vapor stream. Detection of the tributyl phosphate vapor emanating from these solutions demonstrated a linear range for the protonated tributyl phosphate species of 1–1000 ppb from solution. The clusters of tributyl phosphate with diethylamine, triethylamine, and pinacolyl phosphonate each yielded linear ranges of 1–250 ppb for tributyl phosphate in solution. Despite smaller linear ranges, the addition of these dopant species added a layer of analytical selectivity and reduced variability in signals from quality control samples. These data were obtained using an atmospheric flow tube source coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, which demonstrates the applicability of trapping systems to the atmospheric flow tube ionization technique while monitoring positive ions.
The Pay Equity Dilemma Women Face Around the World

“Pay discrepancies are bad for business, and yet they are rife in finance” (Morgan 2018). There has been very recent social movements around the world, especially in service industries to question and reduce the gender pay gap. In this research, we examine the pay equity dilemma women face and how it is different in various regions of the world. Our research focuses on the cultural characteristics (such as power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity) and how a society’s norms affect pay inequality. We also go deeper in our discussions regarding the service industries. By better understanding the underlying reasons of pay inequality, changes can be made that will improve not only a business’s bottom-line, but also the quality of lives all around the world.
Family focused strategies for student engagement

A substantial body of research focuses on student achievement and the characteristics of schools that regularly produce it. While academic achievement is an important variable to measure, student e...
Trends in State-Level Opinions toward the Affordable Care Act.

Context This article argues that the devolution of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to the states contributed to the slow progression of national public support for health care reform. Methods Using small-area estimation techniques, the authors measured quarterly state ACA attitudes on five topics from 2009 to the start of the 2016 presidential election. Findings Public support for the ACA increased after gubernatorial announcement of state-based exchanges. However, the adoption of federal or partnership marketplaces had virtually no effect on public opinion of the ACA and, in some cases, even decreased positive perceptions. Conclusions The authors' analyses point to the complexities in mass preferences toward the ACA and policy feedback more generally. The slow movement of national ACA support was due partly to state-level variations in policy making. The findings suggest that, as time progresses, attitudes in Republican-leaning states with state-based marketplaces will become more positive toward the ACA, presumably as residents begin to experience the positive effects of the law. More broadly, this work highlights the importance of looking at state-level variations in opinions and policies.
Inflammation as a mediator of arterial ageing.

New findings What is the topic of this review? This review summarizes and synthesizes what is known about the contribution of inflammation to age-related arterial dysfunction. What advances does it highlight? This review details observational evidence for the relationship of age-related inflammation and arterial dysfunction, insight from autoimmune inflammatory diseases and their effects on arterial function, interventional evidence linking inflammation and age-related arterial dysfunction, insight into age-related arterial inflammation from preclinical models and interventions to ameliorate age-related inflammation and arterial dysfunction. Abstract Advanced age is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Two major components of arterial ageing are stiffening of the large arteries and impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation in multiple vascular beds. These two alterations are major contributors to the development of overt cardiovascular disease. Increasing inflammation with advanced age is likely to play a role in this arterial dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to synthesize what is known about inflammation and its relationship to age-related arterial dysfunction. This review discusses both the initial observational evidence for the relationship of age-related inflammation and arterial dysfunction and the evidence that inflammatory autoimmune diseases are associated with a premature arterial ageing phenotype. We next discuss interventional and mechanistic evidence linking inflammation and age-related arterial dysfunction in older adults. We also attempt to summarize the relevant evidence from preclinical models. Lastly, we discuss interventions in both humans and animals that have been shown to ameliorate age-related arterial inflammation and dysfunction. The available evidence provides a strong basis for the role of inflammation in both large artery stiffening and impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatation; however, the specific inflammatory mediators, the initiating factors and the relative importance of the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, perivascular adipose tissue and immune cells in arterial inflammation are not well understood. With the expansion of the ageing population, ameliorating age-related arterial inflammation represents an important potential strategy for preserving vascular health in the elderly.
Decoding Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the new age of change

Abstract Arthropods and pathogens constantly challenge potato Solanum tuberosum L. production. Scenarios of climate variation have increased the possibility of changes in pests' biological and ecological patterns by increasing or reducing overwintering length, changes in population growth rates, number of generations, crop-pest relationship, and therefore affecting their expansion. Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main pests affecting potatoes worldwide. Adults oviposit single or multiple eggs in leaves, stems, and tubers, while the larvae in immature stage mine leaves or burrows into tubers turning them unmarketable. Traditional control methods are effective in controlling P. operculella, but many factors determine the success of the control chosen. This review provides key highlights of current information available that could be used as a resource to fight this pest.
Fake Document Generation for Cyber Deception by Manipulating Text Comprehensibility

Advanced cyber attackers can penetrate enterprise networks and steal critical documents containing intellectual property despite all access control measures. Cyber deception is one of many solutions to protect critical documents after an attacker penetrates the network. It requires the generation and deployment of decoys such as fake text. The comprehensibility of a fake text document can affect the required time and effort for an attack to succeed. However, existing cybersecurity research has given limited attention to exploring the comprehensibility features of text for fake document generation. This article presents a novel method to generate believable fake text documents by measuring and manipulating the comprehensibility of legit text within a genetic algorithm (GA) framework. For measuring text comprehensibility, we adopt a set of quantitative measures based on qualitative principles of psycholinguistics and reading comprehension: connectivity , dispersion , and sequentiality . Our user-study analysis indicates that the quantitative comprehensibility measures can approximate the degree of human effort required to comprehend a fake text document in contrast to a legit text. For manipulating text comprehensibility, we develop a multiobjective, multimutation GA that modifies a legit document to Pareto-optimally alter its comprehensibility measures and generate hard-to-comprehend, believable fake documents. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm successfully generates fake documents for a broader class of legit documents with varied text characteristics when compared to baselines from previous research. Hence, the application of our method can help improve cyber deception systems by providing more believable yet hard-to-comprehend fake documents to mislead cyber attackers.
The industrial solvent trichloroethylene induces LRRK2 kinase activity and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

Gene-environment interaction is implicated in the majority of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk, and some of the most widespread environmental contaminants are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons. Pesticides have long been connected to PD incidence, however, it has become increasingly apparent that other industrial byproducts likely influence neurodegeneration. For example, organic solvents, which are used in chemical, machining, and dry-cleaning industries, are of growing concern, as decades of solvent use and their effluence into the environment has contaminated much of the world’s groundwater and soil. Like some pesticides, certain organic solvents, such as the chlorinated halocarbon trichloroethylene (TCE), are mitochondrial toxicants, which are collectively implicated in the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Recently, we hypothesized a possible gene-environment interaction may occur between environmental mitochondrial toxicants and the protein kinase LRRK2, which is the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic PD. In addition, emerging data suggests that elevated wildtype LRRK2 kinase activity also contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. To this end, we investigated whether chronic, systemic TCE exposure (200 mg/kg) in aged rats produced wildtype LRRK2 activation and influenced predegenerative dopaminergic dysfunction. Interestingly, we found that TCE not only induced LRRK2 kinase activity in the brain, but produced a significant dopaminergic lesion in the nigrostriatal tract, elevated oxidative stress, and caused endolysosomal dysfunction and protein accumulation (α-synuclein). Together, these data suggest that TCE-induced LRRK2 kinase activity contributed to the selective toxicity of dopaminergic neurons. As TCE represents one of many environmental mitochondrial toxicants, a gene-environment interaction between these contaminants and LRRK2 may ultimately influence PD risk.
The Rise of Digital Money

Payment systems around the world are evolving with the emergence of digital money issued by private firms and central banks. We provide a conceptual framework to compare and contrast traditional forms of money with their new digital equivalents. We suggest that some forms of digital money, while less stable as a store of value, could be rapidly adopted given their advantages as a means of payment. We review the benefits and risks that would emerge. One approach to managing risks would be to require full backing of selected digital money with central bank reserves. We call the arrangement synthetic central bank digital currency (sCBDC), a private-public partnership that combines the advantages of private sector innovation and customer orientation with the safety and stability of central bankâ€“backed money. We offer policy considerations, directions for research, and an overview of the literature to date. The analysis of digital currencies is an exciting new field crossing into monetary and financial economics that will reshape the monetary and financial systems for many years to come.
Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Abnormalities Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nonatherosclerotic vascular diseases are manifested by endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, vascular calcification, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and calciphylaxis. Unfortunately, there are no definitive treatments for many of these disorders other than hypertension. In addition, although hypertension is more difficult to treat in the chronic kidney disease population, it is necessary to try and target a blood pressure of less than 130/80 mm Hg through the use of aggressive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and other antihypertensive medications. New therapies are being actively investigated in an attempt to treat nonatherosclerotic vascular diseases in the chronic kidney disease population.
Does Practice Make Perfect? The Curricular Give and Take of One Teacher Education Program’s Re-design

As teacher preparation programs across the country evolve in response to criticism, declining enrollment, and increasing competition, research is needed to guide and inform their evolution. In resp...
Molecular Nature, Conjugal Transfer, and Replication of Extrachromosomal Elements, 1961 to 1973

This chapter reviews some of Stan Falkow's early contributions relative to the molecular nature, conjugative transfer, and replication of extrachromosomal elements, particularly R factors. The earliest equilibrium gradients were run in a Spinco model E analytical ultracentrifuge which occupied nearly half of a wall in the laboratory and was affectionately referred to as the "gray elephant"; later, for both isopycnic and rate zonal gradients, the Spinco model L preparative ultracentrifuge was used. Initial studies in which the Freifelder technique was used involved an examination of the labeled DNA after 60 min of mating in neutral sucrose gradients. Pulse-chase experiments were used to demonstrate that the ccc form of the plasmid was the end product of replication and that the oc form was an intermediate in the replication process and not just the result of nicking of some of the ccc molecules during cell lysis and manipulation. The kinetics of appearance of cell structure-bound (presumably membrane-bound) DNA were very similar to the kinetics of appearance of 44S (linear monomer) DNA seen in the pulse-chase experiments. As the membrane-bound fraction decreased, there was a sequential appearance of free 50S (oc) and then 75S (ccc) molecules. It had been shown that a bacterial strain harboring a sex factor or an R factor could not accept the same, or a closely related, extrachromosomal element by conjugation, a phenomenon referred to as "exclusion," "entry exclusion," or "surface exclusion".
Jaundice as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in a T-cell lymphoma

An adolescent male developed severe unexplained cholestatic jaundice 3 mo before diagnosis of mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-cell, late thymic phenotype). There was no anatomic obstruction to bile flow, no evidence for an infectious etiology, and no neoplastic involvement of the liver or bile ducts. A paraneoplastic phenomenon is postulated because the jaundice resolved after treatment of the lymphoma. We suggest that occult lymphoma must be added to the differential diagnosis of unexplained intrahepatic cholestasis.
ZBP-89 promotes growth arrest through stabilization of p53.

Transcription factor p53 can induce growth arrest and/or apoptosis in cells through activation or repression of downstream target genes. Recently, we reported that ZBP-89 cooperates with histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300 in the regulation of p21waf1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor whose associated gene is a target gene of p53. Therefore, we examined whether ZBP-89 might also inhibit cell growth by activating p53. In the present study, we demonstrate that elevated levels of ZBP-89 induce growth arrest and apoptosis in human gastrointestinal cell lines. The ZBP-89 protein accumulated within 4 h, and the p53 protein accumulated within 16 h, of serum starvation without changes in p14ARF levels, demonstrating a physiological increase in the cellular levels of these two proteins. Overexpression of ZBP-89 stabilized the p53 protein and enhanced its transcriptional activity through direct protein-protein interactions. The DNA binding and C-terminal domains of p53 and the zinc finger domain of ZBP-89 mediated the interaction. A point mutation in the p53 DNA binding domain, R273H, greatly reduced ZBP-89-mediated stabilization but not their physical interaction. Furthermore, ZBP-89 formed a complex with p53 and MDM2 and therefore did not prevent the MDM2-p53 interaction. However, heterokaryon assays demonstrated that ZBP-89 retained p53 in the nucleus. Collectively, these data indicate that ZBP-89 regulates cell proliferation in part through its ability to directly bind the p53 protein and retard its nuclear export. Our findings further our understanding of how ZBP-89 modulates cell proliferation and reveals a novel mechanism by which the p53 protein is stabilized.
An assessment of college recruitment literature: Does the high school senior understand it?

This study investigated the reading difficulty level of college recruitment literature and the ability of college-bound high-school students to understand the terminology frequently used in college admissions. The reading difficulty of the forty-two catalogs and analyzed was at a level appropriate to an advanced college student or college graduate. Moreover, high-school students had considerable difficulty identifying the correct use of terms commonly found in sections of college catalogs.
Reassessment of vasodilator therapy in angina: effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine on exercise tolerance in patients receiving propranolol.

Abstract Nitrates, predominantly venodilators, are commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris, whereas hydralazine, a potent systemic and coronary arterial vasodllator, is usually contraindicated. Hydralazine might be useful in therapy of angina H tachycardia could be prevented by beta adrenergic blockade. Consequently, treadmill exercise tolerance was determined in 20 patients with chronic stable angina during treatment with oral propranolol, 60 mg four times daily (control), propranolol plus 20 mg of oral isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol plus 100 mg of oral hydralazine, and all three drugs combined. The mean heart rate at rest in patients recelving propranolol was 54.0 ± 1.7 beats/min (mean ± standerd error of the mean). It increased 6.8 beats/min with the additlon of hydralazine (p
External ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia complicating acute infectious polyneuritis.

A 13-year-old girl suddenly experienced ataxia, bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia. She was previously healthy but several family members had had a flu-like illness. Cerebrospinal fluid punctures demonstrated a persistent lymphocytosis and protein elevation. Clinical improvement occurred in several months. These findings represent a variant of Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome (infectious polyneuritis), a systemic illness rather than a primary ophthalmologic entity.
Effect of Surface Treatment on the Corrodibility of Dental Amalgam

Potentiostatic anodic polarization data for unfinished, burnished, and polished amalgam surfaces were taken. From the standpoint of corrodibility, these tests indicated that physically improved amalgam restorations can be obtained by burnishing rather than by polishing or leaving amalgam carved and unfinished.
Automated digital graphic procedures to study biological systems

Abstract A computer program using a graphic display was devised for studying the kinetics of metabolic systems. The program allows simulation of these systems and immediate observation of the success of these simulations, and provides for automatic modification of the system parameters to obtain optimal fits to data. Examples of the applicability of this method are given which demonstrate its speed and efficiency in different types of experiments relevant to unsolved and complex human biological problems. The program was used to develop a catenary compartmental model describing the distribution of radioactively labeled insulin in plasma and other physiological compartments in man. Its use was further demonstrated in the study of several models that may describe the distribution and degradation of radioactively labeled glucose. To evaluate the uniqueness of these models, the precision of each model parameter was calculated. We felt that a unique model constituted the beginning of a more rigorous study of the metabolic system under consideration.
A bio-selective membrane electrode prepared with living bacterial cells

A novel potentiometric sensor has been devised by coupling intact microorganisms (Streptococcus faecium) with an ammonia gas-sensing membrane electrode. The resulting electrode provides a linear response to arginine over the concentration range 5.0 × lO-5–1. 0 × 10-3 M in phosphate buffer pH 7.4, with selectivity over other amino acids. The slope of the calibration graph is -40 to -45 mV/decade during the period 2–20 days after preparation. This membrane electrode with living bacterial cells may serve as a model for the development of other new sensing systems.
Reoxygenation with 100% oxygen versus room air: late neuroanatomical and neurofunctional outcome in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Study investigated neuroutcome in mice subjected at 7–8 d of life to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI) followed by 30 min of reoxygenation with 100% O2 (Re-O2) or room air (Re-Air). At 24 h of recovery, mouse reflexes were tested. At 7 wks after HI spatial orientation and memory were assessed in the same mice. Mortality rate was recorded at 24 h and at 7 wks of recovery. In separate cohort of mice, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during HI-insult and reoxygenation were recorded. Re-O2versus Re-Air mice exhibited significantly delayed geotaxis reflex. Adult Re-O2versus Re-Air mice exhibited significantly better spatial learning and orientation with strong tendency toward better preserved memory. Histopathology revealed significantly less hippocampal atrophy in Re-O2versus Re-Air mice. Following a hypoxia-induced hypoperfusion, Re-O2 re-established CBF in the ipsilateral side to the prehypoxic level significantly faster than Re-Air. The mortality was higher among Re-O2 versus Re-Air mice, although, it did not reach statistical significance. Re-O2versus Re-Air restores CBF significantly faster and results in better late neuroutcome. However, greater early motor deficit and higher mortality rate among Re-O2versus Re-Air mice suggest that Re-O2 may be deleterious at the early stage of recovery.
You can never be too thin: skinny-client technology

The University of Delaware Information Technologies-User Services department was responsible for evaluating and replacing old X-terminal systems that were being used in our public computing sites. Our objective was to determine a low cost, reliable solution with minimal impact on staff resources. In addition, we wanted to improve the functionality of X-based application software on the central UNIX system, reduce theft, and provide better account security in un-staffed sites. We deployed 22 Sun Ray systems in our Willard Hall computing site during the spring semester 2004 and then installed an additional 21 systems in the Smith Hall computing site during the summer of 2004. Sun Ray clients are truly thin clients and are considered "skinny" since they do not contain an operating system and are network appliances only.
Heat loss from small birds: Analogy with ohm's law and a re-examination of the “Newtonian model”

Abstract 1. Recent evidence for verifying the accuracy of the “Newtonian Model” for thermoregulation in small birds has been re-examined. 2. Electrical simulation, an electronic calculator, and random numbers are employed to clarify relationships. 3. (M b /C) r values are correlated with phylogeny, the ratio being generally ⩾1·0 for birds of the order Passeriformes, while most non-passeriforme birds show (M b /C) r 4. A recent verification of the “Newtonian Model” is shown to be invalid.
3-D Integrated Workflow for Understanding the Fracture Interference and its Impact into the Gas Production of the Woodford Shale

Summary This paper describes the integrated workflow followed for understanding the mechanics of the hydraulic fracture stimulation interference and its impact on the gas production, gas production drivers, well performance, and recovery in horizontal wells in the Woodford Shale of the Anadarko basin. Devon Energy and Schlumberger collaborated on an integrated approach including geology, geophysics, petro physics, geomechanics, stimulation, completion, production and reservoir engineering disciplines. A detailed and reliable petrophysical and 3D geological model with geomechanics compon ents at single well level was critical to understanding the fracture interference, its negative im pact on the production, defining well performance drivers and operational solutions to mitigate the negative production impact of fracture interference. Initially single well models are constructed around wells with little or no off set well fracture interference. Once acceptable reservoir parameters and hydraulic fracture geometries were understood , multi-well sector models were constructed in the 3D geologic and reservoir model to evaluate the interaction betwee n wells. An additional benefit of the detailed 3D model is to serve as a foundation for future field developm ent optimizing well spacing and completion designs to improve recovery and economics.
The assignment game I: The core

The assignment game is a model for a two-sided market in which a product that comes in large, indivisible units (e.g., houses, cars, etc.) is exchanged for money, and in which each participant either supplies or demands exactly one unit. The units need not be alike, and the same unit may have different values to different participants. It is shown here that the outcomes in thecore of such a game — i.e., those that cannot be improved upon by any subset of players — are the solutions of a certain linear programming problem dual to the optimal assignment problem, and that these outcomes correspond exactly to the price-lists that competitively balance supply and demand. The geometric structure of the core is then described and interpreted in economic terms, with explicit attention given to the special case (familiar in the classic literature) in which there is no product differentiation — i.e., in which the units are interchangeable. Finally, a critique of the core solution reveals an insensitivity to some of the bargaining possibilities inherent in the situation, and indicates that further analysis would be desirable using other game-theoretic solution concepts.
Threatening consumption: managing US imperial anxieties in representations of skin lightening in India

This paper contextualizes the US mainstream media coverage of the skin-lightening industry in India within a moment of imperial crisis in the United States in the early part of the twenty-first century. Discourse analysis of news media accounts indicates that orientalist colonial tropes of Indian primitiveness, traditionalism, and gendered difference intersect with American post-racial ideology to disassociate American consumers from an Indian consuming public. Thus, representations of skin lightening attempt to ease imperial anxieties around the United States' faltering economic dominance due to the rise of emerging economies like India by reviving nationalist narratives of American exceptionalism. Not only does this obscure racism and colorism in the United States, it also impedes recognition of the overlapping conditions of transnational commercialized beauty culture and industry within which white/light beauty standards and skin-whitening products flourish.
Gender and IT in the Household: Evolving Patterns of Internet Use in the United States

Information technology (IT)—computers and related technologies—is the latest technology to enter the household. Like other technologies, gender is a major factor in its adoption and use as well as its perceived usefulness. Unlike prior household technologies, the computer's entry into the household has followed a different pattern. Early statistics revealed a vast gender divide, with men using computers and related technologies much more in the household. More recent statistics show a narrowing of the divide, perhaps even a reversal, particularly in the United States, with women outnumbering men in the access to and use of the Internet. In this article, the role of gender and its relationship with Internet use in the home are reviewed. In addition to overall adoption and access, the review focuses on specific Internet applications and examines the factors that contribute to gender differences in adoption and use of computers and Internet applications in the home.
Obtuse cones in Hilbert spaces and applications to partial differential equations

The positive cone K in a partially ordered Hilbert space is said to be obtuse with respect to the inner product if the dual cone K∗ ⊂ K. Obtuseness of cones with respect to non-symmetric bilinear forms is also defined and characterized. These results are applied to the generalized Sobolev space associated with an elliptic boundary value problem, in particular to the question of determining the non-negativity of the Green's function. A notion of strict obtuseness is defined, characterized and applied to the question of strict positivity of the Green's function. Applications to positivity preserving semi-groups are also given.
Parent decision-making when selecting schools: The case of Nepal

This paper analyzes the parent decision-making processes underlying school selection in Nepal. The analysis is based on primary survey and focus group data collected from parent meetings in diverse local education markets in two districts of Nepal in 2011. It highlights three main arguments that are less frequently discussed in the context of school choice, including in developing countries. First, children who go to public schools play a significant role in their own decision-making on schooling; this complicates the currently predominant conceptualization that schooling decisions are primarily made by parents and school officials. Second, the gradual growth in private schools has led to significant sorting of students and created a stigma around public education. Finally, in contexts such as Nepal, that suffer from political conflict, and poor conditions for law and order, a school’s proximity to their home becomes a greater priority for students and families.
The future of swiss asset management: A look in the crystal ball

Until recently, Switzerland had an unmatched reputation for the quality of its banking services. Based on a secular tradition of security and a strict banking secrecy enforced by law, Swiss banks have established themselves as leaders in discretionary asset management. Recent studies estimate that about 35 percent of the private off-shore wealth is managed in Switzerland. At the end of 1996, asset management in Switzerland represented about 2.5 trillion Swiss francs (about $2 trillion), provided 3.5 percent of the total added value in the country, and contributed 4.44 billion Swiss francs in taxes, making it one of Switzerland's major sector of activity. But the traditional paradigm on which asset management is based in Switzerland–confidentiality, conservatism, and safety–is undergoing rapid change. Have the profound changes which transformed the banking industry and its production structures over the past several years ended? This is the subject of a large study we carried out with the Institute of Banking and Financial Management at HEC-University of Lausanne. This survey provides an unbiased global reference and a neutral benchmark describing the current state of the Swiss asset management industry. It should help the assessment of specific strategies before considering implementations issues. This interview article contains part of the survey results and identifies a few factors that could prolong the industrial revolution underway. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Density of quadrature domains in one and several complex variables

We will demonstrate a new way to understand that quadrature domains are dense in the realm of smoothly bounded planar domains. The new outlook has the virtue of possibly generalizing to several complex variables, and we propose an avenue of research for the study of quadrature domains in several variables.
First Report of Sour Rot of California Peaches and Nectarines Caused by Yeasts.

In early July 2001, samples of nectarine and peach fruit were brought from orchards in northern Tulare County or from packinghouses to our laboratory for diagnosis of an unusual decay. When the decay lesions originated close to the stylar end, leaking juice streamed from it. When the decay lesion was on the stem end of the fruit and touched the packing box, it developed a decay consisting of a ring of 0.5 to 2.0 cm (inner diameter) and 1.0 to 3.0 cm (outer diameter). The leaking juice dissolved the cuticle, epidermis, and some of the flesh, creating distinct furrows in the tissue. Samples with similar decay lesions were examined in 2001, 2002, and 2003. In each year, isolations from these fruit consistently yielded two or three different yeasts that were identified as Geotrichum candidum Link, Issatchenkia scutulata (Phaff et al.) Kurtzman et al., and Kloeckera apiculata (Reess emend. Klocker) Janke. All three yeasts were isolated from most of the samples, although sometimes, different combinations of two...
The Kansas Medicaid Buy-In: Factors influencing enrollment and health care utilization

Abstract Background Medicaid Buy-Ins are optional programs states may implement to create work incentives for people with disabilities. These programs allow participants to increase earnings without losing Medicaid eligibility—potentially moving them out of poverty without risking loss of health care coverage. They also provide the opportunity for beneficiaries to offset some of their medical costs to the federal and state governments through premiums for coverage and increased taxes paid. State and federal policy makers and administrators have speculated about who might enroll, how they might use the benefits, and whether positive health outcomes for persons with disabilities would result. Objective We compared characteristics and health care utilization of 184 enrollees and 158 eligible nonenrollees in Kansas' Medicaid Buy-In. Results Enrollees were older and significantly more likely to have more than one disability, with mental illness being more prevalent than physical disabilities, and to have both higher Social Security and earned income. A majority of the sample was dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid with Medicaid paying most costs. Home health service costs were the primary difference between enrollee and nonenrollee expenditures. Conclusions Increased Medicaid Buy-In enrollment could prevent long-term dependence on federal disability benefits.