cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on New Reactive-load Compensation Algorithm for Three Phase Unbalance Load

Aiming at the serious harm of three phase unbalance load to power network,this paper improves the current unbalance compensation algorithm,establishes the model of three-phase four-wire connection unbalance reactive-load compensation.The results shows that the compensation model can modifies three phase unbalance situation effectively,gets preferable power quality,then attains remarkable power saving effect.
WiP Abstract: Stabilizing Traffic with a Single Autonomous Vehicle

This work focuses on technologies for cyber physical systems (CPS) to mitigate traffic instabilities that adversely affect fuel consumption (e.g., stop-and-go waves) via precise velocity control of a small number of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the highway. The main finding is that even a single autonomous vehicle may substantially reduce undesirable traffic waves in its vicinity when properly controlled. The general approach is to use AVs and their sensors to detect congestion events, and then close the loop by carefully following prescribed velocity controllers that are demonstrated to reduce the fuel consumption of the overall traffic flow.
Genomic instability in human breast epithelial cells induced by malathion and estrogen

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3154 Breast cancer risk is associated with prolonged exposure to female hormones. Among the hormonal influences a leading role is attributed to estradiol. Environmental chemicals are also involved in such etiology. The development of breast cancer is a complex multi-step process that depends on various exogenous and endogenous factors that modulate the transformation of normal human breast into malignant ones. Organophosphorous compounds are the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, medicine and industry. Using a spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF-l0F we have shown previously that radiation, in combination with estrogen, induced neoplastic transformation. Studies have shown high frequency loss of genetic information on the long arm of chromosome 17 and 11 in various primary breast cancers. The aim of this work was to study the susceptibility to transformation of MCF-l0F by the organophosphorous pesticide malathion (M) in the presence or absence of 17 beta estradiol (E). Results indicated that the pesticide in the presence of E increased cell proliferation, induced anchorage independency, invasiveness with increased expression of mutant p53, BRCA1 and c-Ha-ras proteins. To correlate the malignant transformation of MCF-10F cell line with genetic alterations, we investigated the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) using several markers for chromosome 17 and 11 by multiplex PCR. Markers for chromosome 17 as p53 and BRCA1 were studied. Results showed that LOH was induced by either M and E alone, and MSI by the combination of both in p53 locus. M alone and combined with E also induced MSI, and E alone and combination with M showed LOH in BRCA1 locus. Markers for chromosome 11 as c-Ha-ras showed MSI induced by M plus E treatment and LOH by M and E alone. Other markers for the same chromosome indicated MSI by treating either with M or E alone and LOH by M plus E. The combination of M plus E induced mutations in BRCA1 as well as in c-Ha-ras in codons 12 and 61. These results strongly suggest the presence of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in critical regions of chromosome 17 and 11. Thus, genomic instability was induced in human breast epithelial cells by malathion and estrogen influencing the carcinogenesis process. It also represents the first indication of allele loss at these loci in human breast epithelial cells induced by pesticides and estrogen suggesting a potential interventional target in breast carcinogenesis. Work supported by FONDECYT #1040300.
Plasticity in plant-microbe interactions: a perspective based on the pitch canker pathosystem.

What we know about the life history of fungi that cause disease in plants is commonly based on studies of the pathogen’s interaction with a susceptible host: how and when infection occurs, growth and reproduction within the host, and survival during the interval when a growing host is not available. This focus is appropriate, given the need for information that will facilitate management of disease affecting an economically important crop, but it can limit recognition of the full range of resources that may be utilized by fungi that we classify as plant pathogens. This was certainly the case for Fusarium circinatum, which causes a destructive disease of pines known as pitch canker. Although F. circinatum was initially known only as a necrotrophic, wound-infecting pathogen of coniferous trees, recent research has revealed that an isolate of this fungus that will kill shoot tissue when inoculated into a wound can also have a biotrophic relationship with roots of pine seedlings, infect and grow within grasses without causing symptoms, and cause ear rot of corn. Thus, although F. circinatum became known to science because it induced visible symptoms on pines, it has the capacity for a much broader range of ecological activities than is captured by its designation as a necrotrophic pathogen. The physiological plasticity manifested by F. circinatum illustrates the challenge of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the life history of a plant pathogenic fungus.
Mutual coupling reduction in orthogonally fed aperture-coupled patch antennas via an integrated metasurface

An aperture-coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna fed by an orthogonal substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feed line is of high interest for one-sided imaging systems. This type of feeding technique is beneficial for 2D imaging array configurations in millimeter wave imaging systems due to the limited availability of space for compact array design. In order to reduce the coupling between two adjacent patches (which deteriorates the quality of the imaging results), an artificial impedance metasurface can be used. When properly designed for this purpose, the imaging frequency corresponds to the bandgap frequency of the metasurface. In this paper, a metasurface integrated with this new type of feeding technique is presented. The improved structure shows a 20 dB reduction in coupling (|S 21 |) between two adjacent antennas separated by a spacing of one wavelength at an imaging frequency of 30 GHz.
The 2016 US Presidential Elections and Beyond – Peace Education for Nonviolent Resistance

It is not uncommon for many people in the United States to apologise for the outcome of the 2016 presidential election. Honestly, I do not think I should do that, since that would mean that I somehow accept the results as part of some failure or error, when in fact we have had warning signs of socio-political developments all along. I will admit that, although I did not expect the result, instead of apologising, I have committed myself to resist and not allow the Trump agenda to be normalised. Trump has made multiple campaign promises – promises that, if kept, will harm the planet, Muslims, Blacks, immigrants, women, the poor, etc. As an educated white male with a job, I can buffer a lot of that – except for the consequences of climate change and nuclear war. If I remain silent, I will be complicit. So, I will not. What I am offering are some reflections on the connection of the notion of resistance to peace education. The context of these comments is the election and the aftermath. I have reviewed a lot of new literature that came out of the realm of peace education. I want to highlight a few, where I think we can meaningfully merge peace education and resistance.
The effect of body weight on intravenous diltiazem in patients with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of body weight on the total dose of intravenous (IV) diltiazem needed to reach goal heart rate (HR) for atrial fibrillation (Afib) with rapid ventricular response (RVR) in the emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort was ascertained using electronic medical record data from January 2013 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria consisted of new onset Afib with RVR, receipt of IV diltiazem in the ED, and age ≥18 years old. The primary outcome was the total dose of diltiazem needed to reach goal HR <100, stratified by patients who were <100 kg and those ≥100 kg. The secondary outcome was the total time required to reach goal HR. Demographic, clinical and medication-related data were collected, including selected safety endpoints. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 328 patients were included. Patients required a mean of 30.1 mg (±24.6) of diltiazem and 2.3 hours (±2.9) to reach goal HR. The total dose of diltiazem was similar for patients <100 kg and ≥100 kg (28.7 vs 34.3 mg; P = .068) as was the time to reach goal HR (2.3 vs 2.3 hours; P = .949), respectively. No differences were noted in incidence of hypotension, bradycardia or need for additional rate control agents. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION No difference in the total amount of diltiazem or time to reach goal HR was found in patients according to body weight stratification.
Pediatric Ultrasound of the Neck

The spectrum of imaging abnormalities encountered during pediatric neck ultrasound extends well beyond the thyroid gland—both anatomically and conceptually—to include normal anatomic variants and embryologically derived pathologies that are less commonly seen in older patients. This chapter will briefly discuss an approach to scanning children’s necks and then focus on the spectrum of abnormalities that may be encountered during pediatric neck ultrasound, first addressing embryologically derived pathology, normal variants, and non-thyroidal cervical abnormalities, before focusing on the appearance of specific diseases that involve the thyroid itself.
Data and Methods in Spatial Science

One of the core strengths of scientific analysis is that it relies upon a base of evidence to make decisions and correct errors in the development of theory. The evidence that is used to describe the operative processes in spatial science is assembled as data, derived through observation, measurement and experiment, directly and indirectly. Hence, data and the methods used to collect it enable spatial science to identify and articulate key spatial phenomena in both human and physical systems. Given the importance of this task, researchers should be mindful of the quality of data, their freedom from error and bias and the extent to which they represent the phenomena under investigation, as these issues greatly affect the strength of any study. In this chapter, we will examine issues related to the data types typically used in spatial science, their derivation, analysis and representation.
Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Low Rank Coal under Methane Environment

Addition of methane during microwave coal pyrolysis could greatly affect the product distribution to valuable products including the formation of char. In this work, low rank coal was exposed to mi...
De nobis fabula narratur: Il cimitero di Praga di Umberto Eco tra ermeneutica del Reale e coscienza storica

Pubblicato nel 2010 e ancora poco esaminato dalla critica, Il cimitero di Praga di Umberto Eco non si limita a porre efficacemente in rilievo l’esistenza del sempiterno embrouille tra verita e finz...
Sonify: Making Visual Graphs Accessible

Data visualizations are an essential strategy for summarizing and comprehending large datasets. However, it is challenging for visually impaired people (VIP) to access visual representations of data. Current accessibility solutions fall short in providing comprehensive access to such visualizations. Most VIP must listen to datasets one cell at a time with a text-to-speech tool, which does not allow the user to gather the “gist” of the dataset. To address this gap, we designed and evaluated Sonify. Sonify is a sonification tool that makes data visualizations accessible to VIP through audio and tactile interactions on a mobile app. VIP use Sonify’s scrubbing interaction to explore patterns in data through pitch changes in sound. We evaluated Sonify’s interactions through contextual inquiries, with (n = 8) VIP. Through Sonify, we demonstrate how a novel scrubbing interaction technique makes 2-variable linear graphs accessible to a broader range of people, including VIP.
Pilot study reveals lower bacterial diversity in reused Eastern Bluebird nests

Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) do not remove nest materials; therefore associated microorganisms remain in the cavity and can potentially colonize subsequent nestlings. The impact of nest reuse or removal on bacterial communities was examined during the 2012 breeding season in western Pennsylvania. Nest success, number of fledglings produced, and nestling body condition were assessed; bacterial communities were profiled via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) in which one fragment approximates one bacterial species. The composition of bacterial communities varied between treatments; in particular, reused nests had fewer terminal restriction fragments and a lower diversity index. In contrast, mean nest success, number of fledglings, and body condition did not differ by treatment. Seclusion of nest material in nest boxes may result in a bacterial community in reused nests that is less diverse due to less variable conditions in the nest box.
Marca Peru: Representations and Exclusions of the Afro-descendant Population from the Official Narrative of the Peruvian Government

The article will examine the representations of Afro-Peruvians in the video “Peru Nebraska,” a documentary produced as part of the launching of the advertising campaign of Marca Peru, a national branding project elaborated by the Peruvian government in 2010. By examining the participation of the Afro-descendant population in this audiovisual piece, the document will relate these representations to the discourses of diversity, race, and citizenship in Peru. The article will also explore the nature of the discourses of ethnic and racial diversity in Peru in the new construction of the national and will evaluate the construction of the social imaginaries to represent Afro-Peruvians and construct blackness in a nation that has maintained mestizaje at the center of its identitarian process. In order to do so, it will focus on examining how Afro-Peruvians (dis) appear in the new narratives of peruanidad and how these images differ with the uprising official discourses of diversity and multiculturalism. By examining the famous short film “Peru, Nebraska,” the article will analyze issues related to citizenship and inclusion of the Afro-Peruvian population, related not only to the acknowledgment of their existence, but also to their position in the construction and development of the national identitarian processes.
Approximation properties of zonal function networks using scattered data on the sphere

A zonal function (ZF) network is a function of the form x↦∑ k=1 n c k $$\phi $$ (x · y k), where x and the y k's are on the unit sphere in q+1 dimensional Euclidean space, and where the y k's are scattered points. In this paper, we study the degree of approximation by ZF networks. In particular, we compare this degree of approximation with that obtained with the classical spherical harmonics. In many cases of interest, this is the best possible for a given amount of information regarding the target function. We also discuss the construction of ZF networks using scattered data. Our networks require no training in the traditional sense, and provide theoretically predictable rates of approximation.
Combating the Opioid Epidemic: Experience with a Single Prescription for Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Despite advances in perioperative total joint arthroplasty (TJA) pain protocols, opiates continue to play a major role in postoperative pain control. This brief communication reports our experience with a restrictive opioid protocol allowing patients only a single prescription of low-dose opioids. Methods One hundred consecutive elective, primary, and revision TJAs were analyzed. All patients received preoperative counseling and multimodal analgesia. Counseling involved discussion of patient expectations on postoperative pain management, weaning off opioids before surgery, and emphasis that opioid refills were not permitted. Ninety-day outcomes including pain-related phone calls, opioid refill requests, emergency room visits, complications, and readmissions were assessed. Opioid dispensing was tracked using our state prescription monitoring program. Results There was a high prevalence of preoperative opioid use, depression, and anxiety (25%, 34%, and 39%, respectively). Sixty-eight percent of chronic opioid users were able to wean off opioids before surgery. The average initial prescription of opioids was equivalent to 48 pills of 5 mg oxycodone. There were only 10 pain-related phone calls from 9 patients; all were using opioids preoperatively, with only one patient requesting a refill. All pain-related phone calls occurred in the first week after surgery. There were no emergency room visits, complications, or readmissions related to pain. Conclusions A single prescription of low-dose opioids was sufficient for patients undergoing TJA when using preoperative patient preparation and multimodal analgesia. Standardized guidelines are needed to guide best practices for patient education and pain management, especially in patients on chronic opioid therapy. This information will help implement evidence-based strategies to accelerate the decline of opioid use and hopefully pave the way for opioid-free TJA.
Age at Onset of Blindness and Development of Space Concepts: From Topological to Projective Space:

Age at onset of blindness does not seem to be the critical factor in children's masters of space concepts. Although only half the subjects of this study successfully completed Piagetian tasks of pr...
CSF-Venous Fistula

To provide an update on recent developments in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of CSF-venous fistula (CVF). CVF is a recently recognized cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), an important secondary headache, in which an aberrant connection is formed between the spinal subarachnoid space and an adjacent spinal epidural vein permitting unregulated loss of CSF into the circulatory system. CVFs often occur without a concurrent epidural fluid collection; therefore, CVF should be considered as a potential etiology for patients with SIH symptomatology but without an identifiable CSF leak. Imaging plays a critical role in the detection and localization of CVFs, with a number of imaging techniques and provocative maneuvers described in the literature to facilitate their localization for targeted and definitive treatment. Increasing awareness and improving the localization of CVFs can allow for improved outcomes in the SIH patient population. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the diagnostic performance of currently available imaging techniques as well as their ability to inform workup and guide treatment decisions.
Study of efficient methods of detection and reconstruction of gravitational waves from nonrotating 3D general relativistic core collapse supernovae explosion using multilayer signal estimation method

In the post-detection era of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy, core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are one of the most interesting potential sources of signals arriving at the Advanced LIGO detectors. Mukherjee et al. have developed and implemented a new method to search for GW signals from the CCSN search based on a multistage, high accuracy spectral estimation to effectively achieve higher detection signal to noise ratio (SNR). The study has been further enhanced by incorporation of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to significantly reduce false alarm rates (FAR). The combined pipeline is termed multilayer signal estimation (MuLaSE) that works in an integrative manner with the coherent wave burst (cWB) pipeline. In order to compare the performance of this new search pipeline, termed ``MuLaSECC'', with the cWB, an extensive analysis has been performed with two families of core collapse supernova waveforms corresponding to two different three dimensional (3D) general relativistic CCSN explosion models, viz. Kuroda 2017 and the Ott 2013. The performance of this pipeline has been characterized through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and the reconstruction of the detected signals. The MuLaSECC is found to have higher efficiency in low false alarm range, a higher detection probability of weak signals and an improved reconstruction, especially in the lower frequency domain.
Review of AmpC Beta-Lactamases in the Enterobacterales—Answers to Common Questions

Abstract AmpC beta-lactamases confer resistance to a broad range of beta-lactams, including penicillins, oxyimino-beta-cephalosporins, cephamycins, and aztreonam. Susceptibility to cefepime, cefpirome, and the carbapenems is generally not affected. AmpC beta-lactamases can be found in a wide variety of Gram-negative organisms and are encoded, on transmissible plasmids and/or on the chromosome. In addition, the AmpC beta-lactamase can be expressed in several different ways which have some interesting implications for susceptibility testing and treatment. Most notably, AmpC beta-lactamases can be produced constitutively (i.e. always expressed), can be induced, or mutants can evolve to hyper-produce the enzyme. This article briefly reviews AmpC production in the Enterobacterales and attempts to answer questions that are commonly asked of the clinical microbiology laboratory.
AI Propounded To Spur Growth In Laws Thus Prompting For More Lawyers

As AI is further intertwined into the law, there are pundits suggesting that the number of laws will likely increase. For example, AI infusion will reveal existing legal gaps or loopholes, requiring additional laws to plug those omissions. If this comes to pass, it could be that we’ll also correspondingly need to have more lawyers (assuming a valid correlation exists between the number of laws and the number of lawyers, which is an open question).
Current Status of Nomenclature of Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses current developments in bacteriological nomenclature, with special reference to the antibiotic-producing bacteria. New scientific names of antibiotic producers, were especially troublesome to bacterial systematists, as the existence of many of the names was unknown to the general scientific and in many cases, cultures of the newly named organism were unavailable, and an adequate description of the taxon was not given in the patent so that it was not possible to know precisely to what the name referred. To solve these problems International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria was modified so as to render the scientific names of bacteria published in a patent application or in an issued patent as not effectively published. The difficulties associated with the patent literature have prompted bacterial systematists to focus on two major problems in bacterial nomenclature, that is, how can the numerous new names of bacteria proposed throughout the world's scientific literature be kept track of and what can be done to assure that there is no question as to the application of the new names.
Geography and Poverty Traps

We test the view that the large differences in income levels we see across the world are due to differences in the intrinsic geography of each country against the alternative view that there are poverty traps. We reject simple geographic determinism in favor of a poverty trap model with high- and low-level equilibria. The high-level equilibrium state is found to be the same for all countries while income in the low-level equilibrium, and the probability of being in the high-level equilibrium, are greater in cool, coastal countries with high, year-round, rainfall.
The Amino Acid Sequence of β-Galactosidase I. ISOLATION AND COMPOSITION OF TRYPTIC PEPTIDES

Amino acid analyses of carboxymethylated β-galactosidase isolated from Escherichia coli yielded 1,171 residues per molecular weight of 135,000. Sixty tryptic peptides, accounting for 643 residues and for 71 of the 100 lysine plus arginine residues, were isolated in pure form from a digest of the carboxymethylated protein using standard techniques and were analyzed for amino acids. The amino-terminal residues were determined with the Sanger reagent and the amide and tryptophan content was determined with aminopeptidase M.
Potassium Fluoride–Celite

(KF) [7789-23-3] FK (MW 58.10) (Celite) [61790-53-2] (mild heterogeneous basic catalyst for alkylation1 and Michael addition5) Form Supplied in: white solid. Preparative Method: Celite 545 (20.0 g) is mixed with Potassium Fluoride 1 (20.0 g) in water (500 mL), and the water removed at 50–60 °C in a rotary evaporator. The solid obtained is then shaken in MeCN (100 mL), filtered, washed with two portions (50 mL) of MeCN and dried in a desiccator at rt.
Assisting shift workers through sleep and circadian research

Shift work poses a significant threat to multiple aspects of working life. The present review addresses the health, safety/performance, and psychosocial issues associated with shift work. Recent studies have revealed that health disorders due to working in shifts are closely related to dysfunction of sleep and the circadian timing system. Safety and performance problems such as occupational injuries and poor work performance that occur during abnormal working hours can be explained by impaired neurobehavioral function. An increased level of understanding regarding shift work problems as well as sleep and circadian biology should be translated into evidence-based strategies to assist shift workers. Although some promising countermeasures including sleep and circadian approaches have been proposed, many questions regarding better shift schedules and fatigue risk management remain unsolved. In particular, shift work has been defined differently in previous studies, leading to confusion and errors when estimating the associations between shift work and outcomes. Additionally, there are no validated, reliable indicators to represent the adaptability of shift work. Such indicators, if available, could be used for health evaluations of current shift workers and the early detection and treatment of poor adaptation to a given shift schedule. Clearly, modern society exists with individuals who work in shifts. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be developed to reduce the risks arising from shift work. Sleep and circadian biology are expected to direct these processes.
Improved Perinatal Knowledge and Care in the Community Hospital Through a Program of Self-Instruction

Evaluation of the perinatal in-patient services of nine rural community hospitals (CH) revealed that equipment and cognitive knowledge were inadequate for the complexity of patients cared for. These deficiencies were present despite prior exposure to traditional continuing education programs. In response to these findings, a six-month perinatal educational program was developed. The program is unique in that it is: (1) initiated by a hospital self-inventory through which patient care goals and the corresponding equipment, services and personnel needs are identified; (2) entirely CH based except for a workshop held at the regional center for two CH staff nurses who subsequently coordinate the program in their hospital; (3) self-paced and self-instructional (five books covering 19 subjects and 20 skills); and (4) completed by nurses, physicians, and support personnel thus facilitating uniform patient care and nurse-physician communications. The program was delivered to 362 CH nurses, physicians, and support personnel, representing 77% of total available perinatal health care professionals from the nine CH. Test scores improved by 24 percentage points with perinatal professionals approaching or exceeding criterion level following the program. A review of 1,404 CH charts showed that 12/28 patient care practices improved significantly. Spontaneous performance of eight pretransport stabilizing activities improved from 44% to 86%. It is concluded that a self-study, community-based program of this type can markedly improve both the knowledge of CH perinatal professionals and the CH care for transported and locally-managed babies.
Some obstetric factors in Rh isoimmunization

Abstract 1. 1. Sixty-six Rh-negative mothers with homozygous Rh-positive husbands or two or more Rh-positive children have been studied in relation to the incidence of obstetric procedures. None of these women had been immunized. Twenty-nine, or 44 per cent, had a history of obstetric incidents other than routine delivery. 2. 2. Twenty-four Rh-negative immunized mothers were likewise studied in relation to the incidence of obstetric procedures. All but one of these mothers had given birth to an erythroblastotic infant. Seventeen per cent of these patients had experienced obstetric procedures other than routine delivery. 3. 3. Rh antiserum titers were found to be misleading in prognosticating the outcome of the present or future pregnancies. 4. 4. Isoimmunization occurs during normal pregnancy in some women and obstetric factors do not seem to influence this process.
The Integration of SystemC and Hardware-Assisted Verification

In this research a refined interface between high-level design languages and hardware verification platforms is developed. Our interface methodology is demonstrated through the integration of a communication system design, written in C and SystemC, with a multi-FPGA logic emulator from Ikos Systems. We show that as designs are refined from a high-level to a gate-level representation, our methodology improves verification performance while maintaining verification fidelity across a range of abstraction levels.
An Examination of the Earnings of Real Estate Appraisers

This paper investigates the factors that influence the earnings of real estate appraisers. Seven types of factors are identified and examined: experience, effort, education, professional training and credentials, personal characteristics, firm characteristics, and market characteristics. Appraiser earnings are found to be consistent with the standard human capital model. earnings appear to be most affected by work effort, appraisal certification and ownership stake. In addition, the hypothesis that the earnings of male and female appraisers are equal cannot be rejected.
Mammography and Ultrasound Review

Brief case studies are presented on mammography and ultrasound, including on the topics of mammographic artifacts; secretory calcifications; invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC); complicated cyst; desmoid tumor; gynecomastia; atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH); sternalis muscle; transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap; galactocele; milk of calcium; lymphoma; fibroadenoma; Paget’s disease; mastitis; neurofibromatosis type I (NF I); multiple, bilateral circumscribed masses; vascular calcifications; stromal fibrosis; reduction mammoplasty; invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC); lactating adenoma; silicone granuloma; lipoma; adenoid cystic carcinoma; diabetic mastopathy; diffuse bilateral breast calcifications; superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome; postoperative seroma; medullary carcinoma; lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS); juvenile fibroadenoma; simple cyst; Poland syndrome; intracystic papillary carcinoma; intracapsular rupture of silicone breast implant; extracapsular rupture of silicone breast implant; ductal ectasia; radial scar; dermal calcifications; Turner’s syndrome; invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in a male patient; Mondor’s disease (superficial thrombophlebitis); intraductal papilloma; fat necrosis (multiple presentations); recurrence at lumpectomy site; enlarged axillary lymph nodes; inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC); intramammary lymph node; oil cyst; hormone replacement therapy (HRT); complex cystic and solid mass; fibroadenoma in a teenage patient; architectural distortion; pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH); sclerosing adenosis; mucinous carcinoma; apocrine cyst cluster; calcifications in axillary lymph nodes in a patient with sarcoidosis; fibroadenolipoma (hamartoma); atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH); angiolipoma; micropapillary carcinoma; intraductal papilloma on galactography; tubular carcinoma; recurrent invasive ductal carcinoma in a TRAM flap; nonpuerperal abscess of the breast; small cell carcinoma metastasis; bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy; calcified fibroadenoma (involuting fibroadenoma); granular cell tumor; hematoma; angiosarcoma; free silicone oil injections; phyllodes tumor; DCIS comedonecrosis; bilateral breast cancer; sebaceous cyst/epidermal inclusion cyst; and displaced biopsy site marker after stereotactic core needle biopsy.
Identification of multiple RNA polymerase sigma factor homologs in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 : cloning, expression, and inactivation of the sigB and sigC genes

The sigA gene of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, encoding the principal RNA polymerase sigma factor, and the complement of the rpoD oligonucleotide (K. Tanaka, T. Shiina, and H. Takahashi, Science 242:1040-1042, 1988) were used as probes to isolate two genes, sigB and sigC, which encode two putative sigma factors exhibiting high degrees of similarity to SigA, to HrdA, -B, -C, and -D of Streptomyces coelicolor, and to KatF of Escherichia coli. sigB and sigC code for polypeptides of 332 and 416 amino acids with predicted molecular weights of 38,431 and 47,459, respectively. sigB and sigC mRNAs are detectable only under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Insertional inactivation of sigB and sigC indicates that neither gene alone is essential for nitrogen fixation or heterocyst differentiation. Images
Sensitivity of horizontal flows to forcing geometry

We investigate the horizontal flow produced by source-sink forcing in a stably stratified fluid. The forcing jets are kept laminar and are placed along the boundary of a square domain. We find that the resultant flow patterns are extremely sensitive to the forcing geometry. The single dominant vortex pattern, interpreted as the result of inverse energy cascade of two-dimensional turbulence in our previous work (Boubnov, Dalziel & Linden 1994), turns out to be a special case. We show that some of the steady patterns resemble the eigenmodes of the Helmholtz equation as the inviscid vorticity equation. Although there are significant discrepancies in the streamfunction vs. vorticity relations between the observed flows and the analytical solutions, we identify the differences as a result of viscous diffusion of vorticity from the source flows. We also study the transition from forced to decaying flow. The flow assumes the properties of Stokes flow at quite large Reynolds number, indicating transformation into patterns with small advective acceleration.
Nomenclature For Focal Surface Radiometry

This paper describes many of the terms pertaining to radiant flux that reaches a receptor surface, such as photographic film or an infrared sensor. Note that the words "focal surface" are used in the title; for, indeed, not all receiving surfaces are plane--nor do they have to be.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
COMPUTERIZED ASSESSMENT OF PREFERENCE FOR SEVERELY HANDICAPPED INDIVIDUALS

An investigation was conducted to demonstrate the application of a computerized assessment procedure for determining the preferences of persons with severe handicaps. A computer program was designed to interpret subjects' microswitch activations to produce three distinct types of events (visual, auditory, and tactile). A combination of a multiple baseline design across subjects with a multiple treatment design involving three separate conditions was used. The data obtained from the computerized assessment procedure revealed idiosyncratic preference patterns for the three subjects. Results of the investigation demonstrated that the preferences of severely handicapped individuals can be systematically assessed and analyzed.
The effects of dietary protein concentration on feeding and growth of small Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Understanding the nutritional requirements of Lytechinus variegatus is essential to define its role in the marine environment and necessary for successful culture of this species. Protein is an essential component for growth, yet the requirements for protein in most marine organisms are not known. Small Lytechinus variegatus (ca. 14 mm diameter, n=160) were collected at St. Joseph Bay, Florida in March 2000. They were held in aquaria and fed ad libitum one of four diets varying in protein concentration (9, 15, 21, or 33% dry weight) for 14 weeks. Diets ≥21% dry weight protein were sufficient for maximal growth and survivorship. Individuals fed a diet low in protein compensated by consuming higher quantities of food per gram wet weight. However, the protein was insufficient to support maximal growth and survivorship. Total dry matter absorption, protein absorption, and carbohydrate absorption of the prepared feeds were higher than reported for natural diets. Total production and production efficiency was lowest in those fed the low-protein diet. Gonad production occurred in individuals with test diameters smaller than reported previously in field populations and was lowest in those fed the low-protein diet. The acini of both females and males were predominantly composed of nutritive phagocytes, suggesting that growing L. variegatus use the gonad primarily as a nutrient storage organ and not for reproduction. In females the growth rate of oocytes increased with dietary protein. In males, protein concentration ≥21% resulted in an increase in the volume of germinal epithelium and a decrease in the volume of nutritive phagocytes. The minimal requirement for protein in L. variegatus from approximately 1 g to 15 g total weight is >15% dry weight for the conditions of this experiment. The requirement for a diet >15% protein corroborates with field studies that indicate L. variegatus consumes epibionts and animal tissues preferentially to seagrass, and that the microbial, microfloral, and microfaunal community living on the seagrass may provide the extra protein required for growth and survival of small L. variegatus.
Dosimetric considerations for a multileaf collimator system

A commercial linear accelerator with a factory-fitted multileaf collimator (MLC) was commissioned for clinical use. Measurements made of dosimetric parameters included central axis depth-dose, field-size factors, wedge factors, penumbra, and leaf leakage for the 6-MV and 15-MV photon beams available on this accelerator. The depth-dose characteristics, output factors, and transmission factors were similar to those reported in the literature for a machine by the same manufacturer with a standard treatment head. Because of scalloping, the effective penumbra for the MLC was 3 to 4 mm wider than that for the conventional collimator jaws. The output for the fields shaped by the MLC was generally lower than that for similar fields shaped with Lipowitz's metal (Cerrobend). The magnitude of the difference was field-size dependent and ranged from 0.5% to 4.5% for open shaped fields, increasing to 1% to 5% in the presence of wedges. Further analysis of this observation has shown it to be primarily due to differences in the scattered radiation from the collimator head.
Children's Friendships In Culturally Diverse Classrooms

Abstract This paper draws attention to the potentially harmful effects of evaluating children's friendships on what are often negative outcomes, rather than on the efforts that children make to effectively negotiate their friendships. In the study reported here, children's friendships in a fifth-grade culturally diverse class in a large urban elementary school in the southeastern United States indicated the existence of nonsynchronous patterns. Two interrelated sociocultural findings emerged. First, the children who negotiated their friendships within their own tacitly agreed upon parameters experienced consonance in their relationships. Second, the children who negotiated their friendships beyond their own tacitly agreed upon parameters experienced dissonance in their relationships. In the cases of the children with dissonant friendships the influence of social pathologies related to drugs, transiency, and being a runaway became salient. Implications for research and practice are raised.
Evidence-based use of cold for plantar fasciitis

Michael.Laymon@tun.touro.edu This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of t he Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Copyright © 2013 Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
CORRELATIONS OF SCORES ON THE KANSAS MARITAL SATISFACTION SCALE AND THE QUALITY MARRIAGE INDEX

For 220 married spouses correlations on the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Quality Marriage Index of .90 and .95 suggested the scales may be adequate to measure marital quality
Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Levels are Low in Persons with Clinically Active Coccidioidomycosis

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating collectin that is part of the innate immune response. We explored the serum levels of MBL in persons with different forms of coccidioidomycosis. Serum MBL was measured by ELISA from samples obtained from healthy donors with immunity to Coccidioides, and those with various forms of active coccidioidomycosis. Blood cell specimens from a subgroup of subjects with active coccidioidomycosis were examined for single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL gene and promoter regions. The control group comprised 29 healthy immune subjects. Patient groups with active coccidioidomycosis consisted of 20 patients with symptomatic primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, 26 with non-meningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis, and nine with coccidioidal meningitis. The group with active coccidioidomycosis was significantly older and more likely to be male than the control group (for both, P < 0.001). The mean ± SEM level of serum MBL in the healthy controls was 169.4 ± 28.6 ng/ml, significantly higher than the 79.2 ± 10.9 ng/ml for all active groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, the active coccidioidomycosis group was significantly more likely to have serum MBL level ≤70 ng/ml compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Genetic analysis in 27 subjects with active coccidioidomycosis revealed marked variation based on race and ethnicity. Among a subgroup of 10 white, non-hispanic men with active coccidioidomycosis, there was a significant association between the H and P haplotypes and MBL levels ≤70 ng/ml (P < 0.036 and P < 0.035, respectively). These data suggest that there is an association between low serum MBL levels and symptomatic coccidioidomycosis.
Synergistic Pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the Mouse Subcutaneous Chamber Model

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are often coisolated from sites of infection, such as suppurative apical periodontitis. The synergistic pathogenicity of mixed infection of P. gingivalis HG 405 with F. nucleatum PK 1594 was studied in the mouse subcutaneous chamber model in groups of seven animals. The minimal dose for P. gingivalis HG 405 that was required to infect 100% of the chambers was reduced by 1,000-fold when animals were inoculated in the same chamber with 1 x 10(9)F. nucleatum PK 1594 (p < 0.001). To benefit from the presence of the fusobacteria, P. gingivalis HG 405 had to be coinoculated; inoculation in separate chambers for the same animal had no such effect (p < 0.001). Subinfective F. nucleatum inocula also benefited from the association with P. gingivalis HG 405 and uniformly established an infection when this partner was present (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the frequent and natural coexistence of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in diseased sites may express such a synergism in successful establishment and survival of small inocula.
Fluid and osmolyte recovery in the common pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis following full-body withdrawal.

SUMMARY The common pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis sacrifices 40–60% of its extracellular fluid (ECF) including solutes to the surrounding environment to fully retract into its shell. Our objectives were to determine recovery time following such ECF loss and characterize mechanisms involved in recovering Na + , the primary cationic osmolyte in this snail. Pallial fluid was initially collected post-stimulation and again after a second stimulation on sub-groups of those snails 2 h to 10 weeks after initial sampling. Samples were analyzed for pH, osmotic pressure, and individual solute concentrations. Lost volume was recovered within 8 h with no significant changes in pH or total CO 2 . Significant decreases in osmotic pressure, [Na + ] (43% loss), and [Cl – ] recovered in 48 h as a result of enhanced uptake from the water. Copper and total extracellular proteins took 5 weeks to recover. Measurements of Na + transport kinetics completed before and immediately after fluid loss revealed a near threefold increase in both affinity and capacity of the Na + uptake system. Sodium uptake was independent of ambient Cl – and HCO 3 – in both control and fluid-depleted snails. Amiloride significantly reduced recovery-phase Na + uptake rates but did not influence baseline Na + flux. Recovery uptake was significantly reduced by amiloride, ethylisopropylamiloride, bafilomycin and ethoxzolamide indicating dependency upon Na + /H + exchange, H + pump activity and H + from carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO 2 hydration. Thus enhanced uptake during recovery is likely via electrogenic Na + /H + exchange and/or possibly a cation channel.
CAM03-1: On the Suitability of Applications for GMPLS Networks

After identifying that current GMPLS specifications only allow for the implementation of a call blocking mode of operation that handles immediate-request calls (not book-ahead calls), this paper addresses the question of suitability of different types of applications for such networks. Two types of applications are considered, ones in which the per-circuit bandwidth and mean call holding time are independent and ones in which they are dependent (file transfers). GMPLS networks are often cited for high-bandwidth applications and for large file transfers. This work, through analysis, reasons that GMPLS networks are not well suited both for applications in which the required per-circuit bandwidth is high, on the order of one-tenth the shared link capacity, or low, on the order of one-thousandth the shared link capacity. Ideal is the one-hundredth range. Further for file transfers, we show that the best range of operation to achieve high utilization and low call blocking rates with an acceptable number of ports on switches for traffic aggregation, requires call holding time to be small, in the range of seconds.
Autosomal-dominant congenital cataract associated with a deletion mutation in the human beaded filament protein gene BFSP2.

Congenital cataracts are a common major abnormality of the eye that frequently cause blindness in infants. At least one-third of all cases are familial; autosomal-dominant congenital cataract appears to be the most-common familial form in the Western world. Elsewhere, in family ADCC-3, we mapped an autosomal-dominant cataract gene to chromosome 3q21-q22, near the gene that encodes a lens-specific beaded filament protein gene, BFSP2. By sequencing the coding regions of BFSP2, we found that a deletion mutation, ΔE233, is associated with cataracts in this family. This is the first report of an inherited cataract that is caused by a mutation in a cytoskeletal protein.