cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Problems and Prospects in the Study of International Norms

The twin concepts of state sovereignty and international anarchy underlie much of contemporary theorizing about world politics. For many theorists, the absence of a central arbiter condemns nations to an existence of ruthless competition and unlimited discord. Yet there is a growing body of research that suggests otherwise. According to these studies, the web of expectations created by international norms introduces a modicum of order and predictability to world politics, even in the absence of formal institutions to enforce compliance with their injunctions. This essay reviews the various approaches that have been taken in the study of international norms. Special attention is devoted to examining the conceptual and methodological obstacles that have impeded empirical work on when, how, and why norms affect foreign policy behavior.
Analysis on detection capability of drinking water in CDCs at various levels and surveillance of rural drinking water safety projects in Yunnan

Objective To understand detection capability of drinking water in Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)at various levels and surveillance of rural drinking water safety projects in Yunnan, and to provide scientific data for making them better. Methods The equipment and personnel in various levels CDCs were surveyed by questionnaire and the results were assessed. Surveillance of drinking water safety projects was conducted and all data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Results There was an average of 5.3 detecting personnel in each CDC in Yunnan. 228.22 million Yuan was needed to configure the missing equipment. Only 42 indexes of drinking water can be detected by CDCs at municipal levels, and however zero index can be detected by CDCs at county levels. The water qualified rate of rural drinking water safety projects was 20.73%, and it increased year by year( χ2=5.87,P 0.05). Conclusion The detection capacity of drinking water can't meet the requirement due to lack of personnel and equipment at various levels CDCs in Yunnan. The water qualified rate of rural drinking water safety projects was low, so proper intervention measures should be taken to improve its qualified rate.
Catholic Homosexuality at the Fin de Siècle

While prior chapters of Same-Sex Desire engaged rather well-known writers, this last study will analyse less familiar names. The blatant association of homosexuality with Catholicism at the turn of the century shows the full realization of several decades’ worth of suggestion. The number of popular conversions to Anglo-or Roman Catholicism elucidates the degree of this social phenomenon. Writers of the time did not have to create a new paradigm for desire and devotion: it had already been established by earlier artists and theorists. They did, however, have to first recognize and identify with the sexual pathology of the invert and make a choice as to how they would manage their deviant sexuality. All of the authors considered in this chapter embraced this dissonance and expressed it throughout their works. While some distinguished themselves from criminal or sinful homosexuals — like Raffalovich’s hierarchy of the superior versus inferior invert — all were aware of their dissident desires and conscious of the need to address them in some way. Anglo-and Roman Catholicism thus became their avenues for such discourses of homosexuality.
Feature-Selective Attentional Modulations in Human Frontoparietal Cortex

Control over visual selection has long been framed in terms of a dichotomy between “source” and “site,” where top-down feedback signals originating in frontoparietal cortical areas modulate or bias sensory processing in posterior visual areas. This distinction is motivated in part by observations that frontoparietal cortical areas encode task-level variables (e.g., what stimulus is currently relevant or what motor outputs are appropriate), while posterior sensory areas encode continuous or analog feature representations. Here, we present evidence that challenges this distinction. We used fMRI, a roving searchlight analysis, and an inverted encoding model to examine representations of an elementary feature property (orientation) across the entire human cortical sheet while participants attended either the orientation or luminance of a peripheral grating. Orientation-selective representations were present in a multitude of visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortical areas, including portions of the medial occipital cortex, the lateral parietal cortex, and the superior precentral sulcus (thought to contain the human homolog of the macaque frontal eye fields). Additionally, representations in many—but not all—of these regions were stronger when participants were instructed to attend orientation relative to luminance. Collectively, these findings challenge models that posit a strict segregation between sources and sites of attentional control on the basis of representational properties by demonstrating that simple feature values are encoded by cortical regions throughout the visual processing hierarchy, and that representations in many of these areas are modulated by attention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Influential models of visual attention posit a distinction between top-down control and bottom-up sensory processing networks. These models are motivated in part by demonstrations showing that frontoparietal cortical areas associated with top-down control represent abstract or categorical stimulus information, while visual areas encode parametric feature information. Here, we show that multivariate activity in human visual, parietal, and frontal cortical areas encode representations of a simple feature property (orientation). Moreover, representations in several (though not all) of these areas were modulated by feature-based attention in a similar fashion. These results provide an important challenge to models that posit dissociable top-down control and sensory processing networks on the basis of representational properties.
Energy Recycling Telemetry IC With Simultaneous 11.5 mW Power and 6.78 Mb/s Backward Data Delivery Over a Single 13.56 MHz Inductive Link

We present a telemetry IC with a new data modulation scheme for efficient simultaneous transfer of power and backward data over a single inductive link. Data-driven synchronized single-cycle shorting of the secondary LC tank conserves reactive energy while inducing an instantaneous voltage change on the primary side. Contrary to conventional load shift keying modulation, the recovery time of the secondary LC oscillation after shorting improves asymptotically with increasing quality factor of the secondary LC tank. Since quality factor does not reduce the data rate, the LC tank can be simultaneously optimized for power and data telemetry, obviating the conventional tradeoff between power transfer efficiency and data rate. Cyclic ON-OFF keying time-encoded symbol data mapping of the shorting cycle allows transmission of two data bits per four carrier cycles while supporting simultaneous power delivery during at least six nonshorting out of eight half cycles. All timing control signals for rectification and data transmission are generated from a low-power clock recovery comparator and a phased-locked loop. The 0.92 mm2 65 nm CMOS IC delivers up to 11.5 mW power to the load and simultaneously transmits 6.78 Mb/s data while dissipating 64 $\mu \text{W}$ power. A bit error rate of ≤9.9 $\times 10^{-8}$ was measured over a single 1 cm 13.56 MHz inductive link at a data rate of 6.78 Mb/s with a 10 mW load power.
Charter on Physician Professional Flourishing

Medical care delivery has adapted to scientific and societal change in the past. However, today's advancing scientific accomplishments and care capabilities, in the context of current societal and economic developments and our emerging digital age, are challenging physician resilience and endurance and trust in the medical profession. Why has this happened and can these characteristics and perceptions of physicians be reversed? The Charter on Physician Professional Flourishing is a method designed to restore the promise of the medical profession and trust in it. It describes a process to reinvigorate patient-centered care from the caregiving physician's perspective. It integrates discipline ethics, behavioral character ethics, and optimized physician-patient dialogue, while considering past, current, and predicted future context and professional sustainability. Its primary outcomes are enhanced quality of care and cost containment and the ability to reassert the voice of the patient in health care planning negotiations.
What Can We Learn from the Misunderstandings of Radical Constructivism?: Commentary on Slezak’s “Radical Constructivism: Epistemology, Education and Dynamite”

Problem: What alternative strategies from our experiences using a Piaget-based radical constructivist pedagogy might have more and better results than the current practice of responding in debate …
Immortality transformed: mind cloning, transhumanism and the quest for digital immortality

This article explores the transhumanist effort to achieve digital immortality through the technology of mind cloning. Drawing upon the writings of Martine Rothblatt, one of the leading proponents o...
Characteristics of postintensive care syndrome in survivors of pediatric critical illness: A systematic review

Characteristics of postintensive care syndrome in survivors of pediatric critical illness: A systematic review
Hybrid approach of percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: a 5-year single-center experience.

Background: The current study evaluated the safety and feasibility of staged (“hybrid”) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by isolated minimally invasive mitral valve (MV) surgery [PCI + minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS)], for patients with concomitant coronary artery and MV disease. Methods: A total of 93 patients who underwent PCI + MIMVS for coronary artery and MV disease between February 2009 and April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 54 (58.1%) men and 39 (41.9%) women. The mean age was 73±8 years, and all patients had severe mitral regurgitation. PCI was performed for single-vessel coronary artery disease in 40 (43%) patients, two-vessel in 49 (52.7%), and three-vessel in 4 (4.3%). Within a median of 48 days (IQR, 18–71) after PCI, 78 (83.9%) patients underwent primary valve surgery, and 15 (16.1%) underwent re-operative valve surgery, with 56 (60.2%) having MV replacement, and 37 (39.8%) having MV repair. Sixty-five (69.9%) patients were being treated with dual anti-platelet therapy at the time of surgery. The median number of transfused intra-operative red blood cell units was 1 (IQR, 0–2), and the intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were 46 hours (IQR, 27–76) and 8 days (IQR, 5–11), respectively. Post-operatively, there was 1 (1.1%) cerebrovascular accident, 2 (2.2%) patients developed acute kidney injury, and 4 (4.3%) required a re-operation for bleeding. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 4 (4.3%) patients. At a mean follow-up of 15.3±13.2 months, 3 (3.4%) patients required target-vessel revascularization. The survival rate was 89% and 85% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with concomitant coronary artery and MV disease, PCI + MIMVS can be safely performed and is associated with good short-term and follow-up outcomes.
Factorized Kalman Filter Mapping on Linear Array Processor

Abstract A mapping of factorized Kalman filter with n -states and m -measurements on ( n + m + 1)-cell linear array is described. The approach is to combine the tone and measurement updates of the covariance matrix and use fast Givens rotations to triangularize an appropriate matrix. The fast Givens rotations do not require computations of arithmatic square-roots and are preferred over Householder transformations. The rotations of the rows in this matrix are done in parallel to distribute the computations. The cell-to-cell communication is minimized by arranging the matrix in a near triangular form. An extended Kalman filter, commonly used in target tracking applications, is implemented to demonstrate the mapping on Warp linear array. With the availability of high-performance multi-computer chips in the near future, the results open new solutions to on-board target tracking and other Kalman filtering applications.
0324 Misclassification of animal handling injuries to swine workers

Background Injuries resulting from animal handling are the most frequent, serious, and costly injuries to swine workers. Characterising injury burden related to animal handling and developing and evaluating appropriate prevention measures requires correct identification of injury cause. We examined the occurrence and consequences of animal handling injury misclassification in two large swine production companies in the U.S. Methods Records for all potential animal related injuries and the injury event narratives were reviewed and independently coded based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS) coding tree. The original and re-coded data were evaluated for agreement in source and injury event for all injuries caused by animals. The resulting frequency of misclassified injuries and the potential cost burden were summarised based on medical and indemnity payments. Results From a total of 1573 reported injuries, 331 were reported to be caused by animals. The re-coded data increased the number to 435. Re-coded data from companies accounted for an additional 104 injuries. It was more common for companies to under-ascertain animals as the source of injury (26%, 114/435) than it was to incorrectly assign animals as the source of injury (2%, 8/435). Costs related to the originally reported animal handling injuries totaled $1,537,163, and an additional $1 82 580 (12%) was added to the total with the re-classified injuries. Conclusion Misclassification of cause of injury may result in an underestimate of total injury burden from animal related injuries and would hamper evaluation of the evaluation of strategies to prevent animal handling injuries.
The Extinction of the Familiar Format

In 1866 noted art and social critic John Ruskin (1819–1900) published a dialogue in mineralogy entitled The Ethics of the Dust. Ten lectures to Little Housewives on the Elements of Crystallisation. In his preface he claims
Developing Culturally and Linguistically Relevant Historical Thinking Skills: Lessons from U.S. History Teachers for Newcomer English Language Learners

This chapter provides readers with three case studies of high school U.S. History teachers who are working to develop historical thinking skills for their newcomer English Language Learners (ELLs). Using a theoretical framework for culturally and linguistically relevant historical thinking, this chapter analyzes how three teachers engaged with newcomer ELLs’ cultural, linguistic, civic, and historical knowledge and skills while teaching U.S. History in their social studies pedagogy. The three teachers included in this chapter provide varying contexts, perspectives, and strategies for how to teach U.S. History for newcomer ELLs, providing multiple examples and contexts for pre-service and in-service teachers to analyze and apply to their own classroom settings. I discuss each case study in-depth providing the case context, a lesson vignette, and pedagogical themes. I conclude the chapter with a discussion of the implications and applications of the case studies for teacher education.
Automated In-Process Cure Monitoring of Composite Laminates Using a Guided Wave-Based System With High-Temperature Piezoelectric Transducers

An in-process cure monitoring technique based on “guided wave” concept for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was developed. Key parameters including physical properties (viscosity and degree of cure) and state transitions (gelation and vitrification) during the cure cycle were clearly identified experimentally from the amplitude and group velocity of guided waves, validated via the semi-empirical cure process modeling software RAVEN. Using the newly developed cure monitoring system, an array of high-temperature piezoelectric transducers acting as an actuator and sensors were employed to excite and sense guided wave signals, in terms of voltage, through unidirectional composite panels fabricated from Hexcel® IM7/8552 prepreg during cure in an oven. Average normalized peak voltage, which pertains to the wave amplitude, was selected as a metric to describe the guided waves phenomena throughout the entire cure cycle. During the transition from rubbery to glassy state, the group velocity of the guided waves was investigated for connection with degree of cure, Tg, and mechanical properties. This work demonstrated the feasibility of in-process cure monitoring and continued progress toward a closed-loop process control to maximize composite part quality and consistency.
Automating Collection of Pain-Related Patient-Reported Outcomes to Enhance Clinical Care and Research

Chronic pain is highly prevalent, and the ability to routinely measure patients’ pain and treatment response using validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments is important to clinical care. Despite this recognition, systematic use in everyday clinical care is rare. The aims of this study were to (1) describe infrastructure designed to automate PRO data collection, (2) compare study-enhanced PRO completion rates to those in clinical care, and (3) evaluate patient response rates by method of PRO administration and sociodemographic and/or clinical characteristics. The Pain Program for Active Coping and Training (PPACT) is a pragmatic clinical trial conducted within three regions of the Kaiser Permanente health care system. PPACT evaluates the effect of integrative primary care-based pain management services on outcomes for chronic pain patients on long-term opioid treatment. We implemented a tiered process for quarterly assessment of PROs to supplement clinical collection and ensure adequate trial data using three methods: web-based personal health records (PHR), automated interactive voice response (IVR) calls, and live outreach. Among a subset of PPACT participants examined (n = 632), the tiered study-enhanced PRO completion rates were higher than in clinical care: 96% completed ≥ 1 study-administered PRO with mean of 3.46 (SD = 0.85) vs. 74% completed in clinical care with a mean of 2.43 (SD = 2.08). Among all PPACT participants at 3 months (n = 831), PRO completion was 86% and analyses of response by key characteristics found only that participant age predicted an increased likelihood of responding to PHR and IVR outreach. Adherence to pain-related PRO data collection using our enhanced tiered approach was high. No demographic or clinical identifiers other than age were associated with differential response by modality. Successful ancillary support should employ multimodal electronic health record functionalities for PRO administration. Using automated modalities is feasible and may facilitate better sustainability for regular PRO administration within health care systems. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02113592
The Responsive Model of Contract Law

The principles of contract law can be ranged along various spectra, according to the kinds of variables on which the application of any given principle depends. One such spectrum runs from objectivity to subjectivity. A principle of contract law lies at the objective end of this spectrum if its application depends on a directly observable state of the world, and at the subjective end if its application depends on a mental state. For example, application of the plainmeaning rule of interpretation depends on a determination of observable meanings attached to words by established communities. In contrast, application of the rule that if both parties attach the same meaning to an expression, that meaning prevails, depends on a determination of the parties' mental states. I shall refer to the principles that lie at each end of this spectrum as objective and subjective principles, respectively. A second spectrum of principles runs from standardization to individualization. A principle of contract law lies at the standardized end of this spectrum if its application depends on an abstract variable that is unrelated to the intentions of the parties or the particular circumstances of the transaction, and at the individualized end if its application depends on situation-specific variables that relate to intentions and circumstances. For example, application of the doctrine that adequacy of consideration will not be reviewed depends on a single variable-the presence of a bargain-that is deliberately designed to screen out all information concerning intentions and circumstances. In contrast, application of the doctrine of unconscionability depends on a number of situation-specific variables that are wholly concerned with that sort of information. I shall refer to the
Deferred Compensation for K-12 Public Defined Benefit Pension Plans: An Empirical Analysis for Five State Plans

State K-12 education defined benefit (DB) retirement plans have received renewed attention for severe under funding problems. Less attention has been given to the benefit side of plans that often incorporate behavioral incentives contributing to under funding problems. To extend understanding of deferred compensation in K-12 pension plans, this study uses a unique dataset of retiree characteristics and salary histories to analyze deferred compensation in a selected sample of K-12 pension plans. Results indicate sizable levels of deferred compensation for each plan using five alternative measures of deferred compensation, with substantial differences across plans, job classes, and age groups. Our results contradict the assertion that large pension values are largely the result of large employee/employer contributions, with the largest pension values for plans with the lowest historical funding levels. We also find that reduced benefits for early retirement provided an even larger incentive for younger retirement than full, unreduced benefits.
Gain Scheduling and Adaptation

This chapter introduces gain-scheduling and linear-parameter-varying techniques to address plant variability across the flight envelope. This chapter also introduces the concept of adaptive control and presents a basic model-reference adaptive control design. Matlab code and simulations using the CMAPSS nonlinear engine model are included.This chapter is an overview of two control concepts that address plant variability across the flight envelope: scheduling and adaptation. These control methods are fundamentally different from robust approaches in that controller parameters are not fixed, but undergo significant changes during system operation. Gain scheduling as used in standard GTE control is described in Sect. 5.2. Next, in Sect. 5.3, a more systematic linear parameter-varying (LPV) approach to gain scheduling is presented. In Sect. 5.4, the basic concept of adaptive control is introduced, followed by a simple version of a well-established adaptive control methodology, namely Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC). Application of scheduling and adaptation concepts to fan speed control is illustrated throughout the chapter with CMAPSS-1 simulation examples.
2008 Update on Addiction Medicine/Psychiatry in the State of Connecticut Part I of II

No other health or social problem impacts our society so widely and profoundly as substance abuse. Investment in Connecticut's substance abuse service system is an investment in improved health and wellness its cities as well as its citizens. Since 2004 Connecticut's addiction treatment and recovery community have worked together to reduce the pain and suffering of those individuals with addiction disorders. The State of Connecticut is a national leader in addiction medicine scientific research and education, emergencyroom care, and public policy; and the Community of Addiction Recovery (CCAR) has emerged as a national leader for the recovery movement. As Chairperson ofthe CSMS's Committee on Alcohol and Other Drug Dependency Education, I am proud of the accomplishments of the Committee and the work of our statewide addiction medicine/psychiatryleaders and recovery community. I am equally proud and appreciative of the ongoing relationship of the CSMS, the addiction treatment and recovery community with DMHAS. Under the leadership of Commissioner Thomas Kirk, DMHAS has opened its arms to embrace the communities' providers. The work of these leaders is presented here to give readers an update on Addiction Medicine/Psychiatry in the State of Connecticut 2008.
Acute Mental Health Symptoms in Adolescent Marijuana Users.

This study assesses survey results from adolescent marijuana users concerning mental health symptoms and marijuana use to estimate the association of acute psychotic symptoms with frequency of use.
A Recursive Growing & Featuring Mechanism for Nanocomputing Structures

The huge amounts of physical possibilities offered by the emerging nanotechnologies must be accompanied, beyond the uniform growing mechanisms supposed by the current serial and/or parallel extensions, by an appropriate structuring mechanism able to support efficiently the increasing functional demands. A recursive growing mechanism is proposed for the upcoming Nano-Era. The current growing mechanism involves only pure quantitative aspects. We consider as mandatory, for the very big sized systems, another mechanism which interleaves the quantitative aspects with the functional ones. Because the computational parallelism is implicit for the big sized systems, the growing mechanism must be supported also by an appropriate computational model. For the current systems we started from gates. For Nano-Era structuring mechanism we will start from cellular automata. The main difference is that for nanoarchitectures the growing mechanism and the featuring mechanism are unified in an unique recursive mechanism.
Facebook Advertising for Disseminating Early Psychosis Education to the Chinese-Speaking General Public

Abstract Purpose: To explore the role of Facebook advertisement in disseminating first-episode psychosis knowledge to the Chinese-speaking general public. Methods: A Facebook advertisement, linked ...
Rapid resistance estimation method of non-Wigley trimarans

This paper presents a rapid resistance estimation method (RREM) for trimarans in early design stages. The method considers the total resistance as the combination of the viscous and wave-making res...
Universal History and the Origin Narrative of European Modernity: The Leiden Lectures of Jacob Perizonius (1651–1715) on Historia Universalis

The Annales ecclesiastici (12 vols, 1588–1607), composed by the Italian cardinal Cesare Baronio, rank amongst the most important publications of the Counter-Reformation era. Their fame earned Baronio his cardinal’s hat, while their impact on the Catholic world far exceeded that of the rival Magdeburg Centuries among Protestants. Recent scholarship has thrown new light on the aims and reception of the Annales. In particular, scholars have shown that Baronio was preoccupied more with the conversion of heretics than with their confutation, and they have demonstrated that the reception of the Annales, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, was less unanimously positive than hitherto supposed. Building on these insights, this article turns to Baronio’s much neglected authorial persona, not only as an ecclesiastical historian but also as an aspiring saint. It studies the ways in which Baronio’s own personal virtues and those of his mentor, Philip Neri, were used to present the Annales as a work of, quite literally, divine inspiration, before turning to the reception of the Annales in Catholicism’s northern borderlands. The article suggests that even there the Annales were more controversial than realized, but that ambivalence was masked by the dictates of time and place.
Reliability Contracts Between Renewable and Natural Gas Power Producers

Renewable power adoption has required policies that protect intermittent generators, such as wind and solar, from system-level costs of resource shortfalls. It has been shown that if renewable generators were to accommodate these costs in an energy market settlement, significant renewable generation curtailments would ensue, especially as the penetration of renewables grows. Based on the current evolution of policies toward unmet commitment penalties for intermittent generators, we propose a reliability contract between a renewable power producer (RPP) and a natural gas power plant (NGPP), where the NGPP fulfills the RPP unmet commitments in low resource scenarios. We consider a day-ahead energy market where players are scheduled based on quantity-price bids in a least-cost manner by an independent system operator. We analyze the contract against a baseline scenario where the RPP faces the shortfall penalty, deriving optimal commitments and a condition where the adoption of the reliability contract increases social welfare. Using data from an RPP-NGPP pair in the Northeastern U.S., the contract is shown to improve renewable utilization, increase the profits of both partners, and decrease total unmet commitments by the introduction of a lower cost alternative to the shortfall penalty.
DPP-4 inhibition by linagliptin prevents cardiac dysfunction and inflammation by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome.

We compared the effects of linagliptin (Lina, a DPP4 inhibitor) and GLP-1 receptor activation by exenatide followed by exendin-4 in an infusion pump (EX) on infarct size (IS), post-infarction activation of the inflammasome and remodeling in wild-type (WT) and db/db diabetic mice. Mice underwent 30 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. IS was assessed by TTC. Additional mice underwent permanent coronary artery occlusion. Echocardiography was performed 2w after infarction. Activation of the inflammasome in the border zone of the infarction was assessed by rt-PCR and ELISA 2w after reperfusion. Further in vitro experiments were done using primary human cardiofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemia–reoxygenation. Lina and EX limited IS in both the WT and the db/db mice. Lina and EX equally improved ejection fraction in both the WT and the db/db mice. mRNA levels of ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1, and Collagen-3 were higher in the db/db mice than in the WT mice. Infarction increased these levels in the WT and db/db mice. Lina more than EX attenuated the increase in ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1 and Collagen-3, TNFα and IL-1β, and decreased apoptosis, especially in the db/db mice. In vitro experiments showed that Lina, but not EX, attenuated the increase in TLR4 expression, an effect that was dependent on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of Let-7i and miR-146b levels. Lina and EX had similar effects on IS and post-infarction function, but Lina attenuated the activation of the inflammasome and the upregulation of collagen-1 and collagen-3 more than direct GLP-1 receptor activation. This effect depends on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of miR-146b levels that suppresses TLR4 expression.
An in vitro 3D evaluation of the accuracy of 4 intraoral optical scanners on a 6-implant model

Abstract Statement of problem Although numerous studies have been performed on the accuracy of intraoral scanners, determining the clinical significance of the results is problematic. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness and precision of 4 intraoral optical scanners (IOSs) on a 6-implant model and provide a method to help determine clinical significance. Material and methods A polymer mandibular edentulous model with 6 hexagonal scan bodies (Ritter) was fabricated, and a control scan was made by using an industrial laser line probe (FARO Edge HD Arm). Four IOSs (True Definition, TRIOS, CEREC Omnicam, Emerald Scanner) were used to scan the same model 5 times: the 20 standard tessellation language (STL) files were individually imported to a 3D inspection software program (Geomagic Control X) and superimposed over the computer-aided design (CAD) control scan. The tolerance was set at a limit of ±0.01 mm. Results None of the tested scanners were true even 10% of the time at the ±0.01-mm tolerance, and the Emerald scanner was true less than 5% of the time. Within scanners, results were precise, showing variations of no more than 2% over repeated scans. When a ±0.05-mm tolerance was selected, the percentage within tolerance increased dramatically. This made the performance of the scanners to appear better but obscured valuable information. The 3D color map was the best method for understanding the data. The color maps showed how much was within tolerance and, equally important, the amount and direction of out of tolerance, providing an easily understandable qualitative and quantitative image. Conclusions No statistical or clinical differences were found among the scanners tested. The 3D map was the best method for observing the data.
Perturbations of a close-earth satellite due to sunlight diffusely reflected from the Earth

A semianalytic method has been developed to calculate the radiation-pressure perturbations of a close-Earth satellite due to sunlight reflected from the Earth. The assumptions made are that the satellite is spherically symmetric and that the solar radiation is reflected from the Earth according to Lambert's Law with uniform albedo. By using expressions for the components of the radiation-pressure force due to Lochry, the expressions for the perturbations of the elements were developed into series in the true anomalyv. The perturbations within a given revolution can be obtained analytically by integrating with respect tov while holding all slowly varying quantities constant. The long-range perturbations are then obtained by accumulating the net perturbations at the end of each revolution.
Shot Noise Sets the Limit of Quantification in Electrochemical Measurements

Abstract Detection of single molecules, particles, and rapid redox events is a challenge of electrochemical investigations and requires either an amplification strategy or significant averaging in order to boost the electrochemical current above the noise level. We consider the minimum number of electrons required to reach the limit of quantification in these electrochemical measurements. A survey of the literature indicates that the state-of-the-art limit in current detection for different types of measurements (e.g., voltammetry, single-molecule redox cycling, ion channel recordings of single molecules, metal nanoparticle collision, phase nucleation, etc.) is independent of the nature of the measurement and increases linearly with reciprocal response time, Δt-1, over ∼5 orders of magnitude (from ∼10 to ∼106 s-1). We demonstrate that the practical limit of quantification requires cumulative measurement of ∼2,100 electrons during Δt, and is determined by statistics of counting electrons, i.e., the shot noise in the current.
Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living with HIV, Atlanta, Georgia.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 and its social responses threaten the health of people living with HIV. We conducted a rapid-response interview to assess COVID-19 protective behaviors of people living with HIV and the impact of their responses on HIV-related health care. METHOD: Men and women living with HIV (N = 162) aged 20-37 years participating in a longitudinal study of HIV treatment and care completed routine study measures and an assessment of COVID-19-related experiences. RESULTS: At baseline, most participants demonstrated HIV viremia, markers indicative of renal disorders, and biologically confirmed substance use. At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications and increased cancelation of health care appointments, both by self and providers. We observed antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved during the initial month of COVID-19 response. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that may pose added risk for COVID-19 severity were prevalent among people living with HIV, and those with greater risk factors did not practice more COVID-19 protective behaviors. Social distancing and other practices intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 interfered with HIV care, and impeded access to food and medications, although an immediate adverse impact on medication adherence was not evident. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the health care of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics.
Strange Particle Production and Elliptic Flow from CERES

Elliptic flow measurements as a function of p_T of charged (pi^+- and low-p_T protons) and strange (Lambda and K^0_S) particles from Pb+Au collisions at 158 AGeV/c are presented, together with measurements of phi and K^0_S meson production. A mass ordering effect was observed. Scaling to the number of constituent quarks and transverse rapidity y^fs_T scaling are presented. The results are compared with results from the NA49 and STAR experiments and with hydrodynamical calculations. For the first time in heavy-ion collisions, phi mesons were reconstructed in the same experiment both in the K^+K^- and in the e^+e^- decay channels. The obtained transverse mass distributions of phi mesons are compared with results from the NA49 and NA50 experiments. The yield and the inverse slope parameter of the K^0_S mesons were reconstructed from two independent analyses. Our results are compared with those from the NA49 and NA57 experiments.
Morphological laws and functional claws.

![Graphic][1] Claws are found in a huge range of vertebrates, ranging from reptiles and birds to mammals. These pointed structures at the tips of digits, usually covered by a sheath of keratin, come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes that can vary considerably between species and even
Evolution of the quorum sensing regulon in cooperating populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and it thrives in many different saprophytic habitats. In this bacterium acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing (QS) can activate expression of over 100 genes, many of which code for extracellular products. P. aeruginosa has become a model for studies of cell-cell communication and coordination of cooperative activities. We hypothesized that long-term growth of bacteria under conditions where only limited QS-controlled functions were required would result in a reduction in the size of the QS-controlled regulon. To test this hypothesis, we grew P. aeruginosa for about 1000 generations in a condition in which expression of QS-activated genes is required for growth. We compared the QS regulons of populations after about 35 generations to those after about 1000 generations in two independent lineages by using quorum quenching and RNA-seq technology. In one evolved lineage the number of QS-activated genes identified was reduced by about 70% and in the other by about 45%. Our results lend important insights about the variations in the number of QS-activated genes reported for different bacterial strains and, more broadly, about the environmental histories of P. aeruginosa.
Index Case of COVID-19 Myocarditis Requiring BiV-ICD for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death

Introduction The severity of clinical presentation of COVID-19 myocarditis ranges from incidental identification of depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiogenic shock requiring percutaneous mechanical circulatory support, to fatal fulminant myocarditis. In previously reported cases, surviving patients experienced improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction with the use of glucocorticoids and antivirals (+/- intravenous immunoglobulin/ convalescent plasma). We report the first case of COVID-myocarditis in a surviving patient where a persistently depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 35 percent) despite optimal therapy prompted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Case presentation A previously healthy 67-year-old man, diagnosed with mild COVID-19 pneumonia five days prior, presented to the emergency department with suspected STEMI (hypoxia, substernal chest pain and known left bundle branch block). Left heart catheterization showed patent coronary arteries. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severely depressed ejection fraction (15-20 percent). CT showed bilateral infiltrates: treatment was started with dexamethasone, remdesivir and convalescent plasma for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. After a four-day hospitalization, guideline-directed medical therapy at maximum tolerated doses over three months did not improve left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusion This is the index case of COVID-19 myocarditis-mediated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction requiring ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Territory, politics of power, and physical spatial networks: The case of Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract Despite our commonsense understanding of territory as a bounded region, some political aspects of territory can be better described as effects of physical spatial networks. To illustrate the point, we study territorial practices of power in Baghdad before and during the Iraq War that started in 2003. We use various techniques and measures of spatial networks provided by ‘space syntax’, because they have proven useful for describing the spatiality of social processes. We use Baghdad as a case study, because the territorial practices of power by the Ba'th regime favoring a Sunni minority and undermining a Shiite majority had existed in this city for decades before the Iraq war. These practices were upset and significant territorial changes occurred during the sectarian war in 2006 and 2007 at the time of US-led occupation of Iraq. We study the relationships between territorial practices and physical spatial networks before the war and during the war. Based on our findings, we conclude that spatial network dependency of territory and territoriality may exist under a dominant political system or even during a war when a dominant political system remains unclear. However, more studies are needed to generalize the findings of our study.
HiFi+: A Monitoring Virtual Machine for Autonomic Distributed Management

Autonomic distributed management enables for deploying self-directed monitoring and control tasks that track dynamic network problems such as performance degradation and security threats. In this paper, we present a monitoring virtual machine interface (HiFi+) that enables users to define and deploy distributed autonomic management tasks using simple Java programs. HiFi+ provides a generic expressive and flexible language to define distributed event monitoring and correlation tasks in large-scale networks.
The Interplay of Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation in the Regulation of PTEN

PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that hydrolyzes PIP3 to PIP2 antagonizing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. As a critical tumor suppressor, PTEN is often down-regulated in cancer by mutation, epigenetic ...
Studies on the cyclophorase system: XXVII. Cyclophorase activity in a non-mitochondrial system of pig heart muscle☆☆☆

Abstract A reconstructed non-mitochondrial system of pig heart muscle, consisting of a particulate and soluble fraction, has been shown to catalyze the complete oxidation to carbon dioxide and water of members of the citric acid cycle, acetate, acetoacetate and fatty acids. Oxidative phosphorylation has been shown to accompany the oxidation of succinate and α-ketoglutarate. The coenzyme requirements of this system have been studied.
Comparative mapping of sequence-based and structure-based protein domains

Protein domains have long been an ill-defined concept in biology. They are generally described as autonomous folding units with evolutionary and functional independence. Both structure-based and sequence-based domain definitions have been widely used. But whether these types of models alone can capture all essential features of domains is still an open question. Here we provide insight on domain definitions through comparative mapping of two domain classification databases, one sequence-based (Pfam) and the other structure-based (SCOP). A mapping score is defined to indicate the significance of the mapping, and the properties of the mapping matrices are studied. The mapping results show a general agreement between the two databases, as well as many interesting areas of disagreement. In the cases of disagreement, the functional and evolutionary characteristics of the domains are examined to determine which domain definition is biologically more informative.
MEMORIES OF BORDEAUX

Author's Summary.— Impressions of a Franco-American scholar of a city often neglected by teachers and students who travel. As an instance of her charm, for example, witness the reminders now existing of that interesting Bordelais, Montaigne.
An improved rate for non-negative definite consistent covariance matrix estimation with heterogeneous dependent data

Abstract This paper improves on previous rates at which lag lengths are allowed to grow for consistent covariance matrix estimation with heterogeneous dependent data. Using a WLLN, we give a consistency result for growth rates of o(n 1 3 ); the previous rate was o(n 1 4 ). This new rate equals that of Berk's autoregressive spectral density estimator (1974) for well behaved stationary contexts, and thus may be best possible outside of very special cases.
Æsthetics and civilization 1

(1924). AEsthetics and civilization. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 262-271.
Self‐service technology adoption: comparing three technologies

Purpose – Advances in technologies have allowed service providers to incorporate many different technologies into the delivery of their services. These technologies have been implemented in the service encounter for the customer to use with varying degrees of success. This research aims to focus on the examination of factors that influence consumer attitudes toward, and adoption of, self‐service technologies (SSTs).Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model of the adoption process for SSTs is developed and tested across three different technologies used in the banking industry. One of these technologies (ATMs) has been available for many years and is widely adopted, another technology (bank by phone) has been available for many years but has not been widely adopted, and the third technology (online banking) is relatively new to the marketplace. Data were collected using a random telephone survey of banking customers in a three‐state area of the northeast USA and analyzed using structural equation mo...