cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cationic cyclopentannelation of allene ethers.

The variant of the Nazarov cyclization that makes use of allenyl ethers is suitable for the preparation of diverse, highly functionalized cyclopentenones. Three variants of the basic reaction, diff...
Angioplasty strategies in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: part I: primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in most developed nations; ≈838 000 in-hospital discharges in the United States in 2005 were for acute myocardial infarction, 29% to 47% of which were acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).1 The case fatality rate of STEMI has fallen dramatically in the last 3 decades, in part because of the widespread use of reperfusion therapy.1–4 STEMI is in most cases due to rupture of an inflamed thin-capped fibroatheroma containing a lipid-rich necrotic core with superimposed secondary thrombosis resulting in coronary artery occlusion.5,6 From the seminal demonstration by Reimer et al7 that canine coronary occlusion results in a several-hour wave front of necrosis spreading from the subendocardial to the subepicardial myocardium arose the hypothesis that timely restoration of flow in the occluded coronary artery would salvage jeopardized myocardium and enhance survival. Effective reperfusion in STEMI can be achieved by either fibrinolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without antecedent fibrinolysis (also generally known as primary angioplasty). Fibrinolysis and PCI also may be combined in a variety of ways, depending on the timing of PCI after fibrinolytic administration, the clinical condition of the patient, and whether PCI is applied routinely or selectively after lytic therapy. Randomized trials have collectively demonstrated enhanced survival and freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events with primary PCI compared with fibrinolysis, and as a result, the expeditious performance of primary PCI has become the preferred reperfusion modality for patients with STEMI presenting at appropriately equipped centers. The introduction of new devices such as bare metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES) and novel potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents have transformed the interventional approach to the patient with STEMI. Important studies have been completed that have addressed previously unsettled issues such as the importance of time …
Price Elasticity Estimates for Tobacco Products in India

The tax base of tobacco in India is heavily dependent on about 14% of tobacco users, who smoke cigarettes. Non-cigarette tobacco products accounting for 85% of the tobacco consumption contributes only 15% of the total tobacco taxes. Though taxation is an important tool to regulate consumption of tobacco, there have been no estimates of price elasticities for different tobacco products in India to date, which can guide tax policy on tobacco. This paper, for the first time in India, examines the price elasticity of demand for bidis, cigarettes and leaf tobacco at the national level using a representative cross-section of households. This study found that own-price elasticity estimates of different tobacco products in India ranged between -0.4 to -0.9, with bidis (an indigenous hand-rolled smoked tobacco preparation in India) and leaf tobacco having elasticities close to unity. Cigarettes were the least price elastic of all. With some assumptions, it is shown that the tax on bidis can be increased to Rs. 100 per 1000 sticks compared with the current Rs. 14 and the tax on an average cigarette can be increased to Rs. 3.5 per stick without any fear of losing revenue. The paper argues that the current system of taxing cigarettes in India based on the presence of filters and the length of cigarettes has no justification on health grounds, and should be abolished, if reducing tobacco consumption and the consequent disease burden is one of the objectives of tobacco taxation policy. It also argues that attempts to regulate tobacco use without effecting significant tax increases on bidis may not produce desired results.
Application of classical nucleation theory to phase selection and composition of nucleated nanocrystals during crystallization of Co-rich (Co,Fe)-based amorphous precursors

Classical steady-state nucleation theory is applied to Co-rich Fe,Co-based alloys to provide a rationale for experimental observations during the nanocrystallization of Co-rich (Co,Fe)89Zr7B4 and (Co,Fe)88Zr7B4Cu1 amorphous precursors. The amorphous precursor free energy is estimated using density functional theory. This simple theory suggests: (i) strain or interface energy effects could explain a tendency for a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase to form during crystallization. Dissolved glass formers (Zr,B) in crystalline phases may also contribute; (ii) similar face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) free energies could explain the presence of some hcp phase after crystallization even though fcc is stable at the crystallization temperature; (iii) nanocrystal compositions vary monotonically with the Co:Fe ratio of the amorphous precursor even when multiple phases are nucleating because nucleation is not dictated by the common tangency condition governing bulk phase equilibria; and (iv) Fe-enrichment of the bcc phase can be attributed to a relatively small free energy difference between the amorphous and bcc phases for high Co-containing alloys.
Cardiac overexpression of metallothionein attenuates chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction.

Chronic alcohol ingestion leads to alcoholic cardiomyopathy manifested by ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Although accumulation of reactive oxygen species may play a role in alcohol-induced heart injury, direct impact of enhanced antioxidant defense on pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy has not been elucidated. This study was designed to examine the effect of transgenic overexpression of the free radical scavengermetallothionein on alcohol-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. Wild-type FVB and metallothionein mice were placed on a 4% alcohol or control diet for 12 wk. Cardiac contractile function was evaluated in cardiomyocytes including peak shortening (PS), time-to-peak shortening, time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), intracellular Ca2+ rise (change in fura-2 fluorescent intensity [ΔFF1]) and intracellular Ca2+ decay rate. Intracellular Ca2+ cycling proteins including sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), Na+−Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and phospholamban were assessed using Western blot analysis. Alcohol intake depressed PS, ±dL/dt, and ΔFF1, increased baseline fura-2 fluorescence intensity (FF1), and prolonged intracellular Ca2+ decay and TR90, all of which with the exception of ΔFF1 were abrogated by metallothionein. Enhanced stimulating frequency caused lessened PS decline at 1.0 Hz from FVB ethanol group, which was not affected by metallothionein. Immunoblotting data showed reduced SERCA2a, NCX and phospholamban expression in FVB group consuming alcohol. All of these alcohol-induced changes in cardiac proteins were nullified by the metallothionein transgene. In summary, our findings suggest a beneficial role of antioxidants in alcohol-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
Impaired Social Decision-Making Mediates the Association Between ADHD and Social Problems

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reliably predicts social dysfunction, ranging from poor social competence and elevated peer rejection to inadequate social skills. Yet, the factors mediating predictions of social problems from childhood ADHD are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated social functioning in 186 (69 % male) 6 to 10 year-old (M = 7.88, SD = 1.17) children with (n = 98) and without (n = 87) ADHD who were followed prospectively for two years. We implemented a well-validated measure of social problems as well as a novel social decision-making task assessing dynamic response to changing affective cues at the two-year follow-up. According to separate parent and teacher report, baseline ADHD symptoms positively predicted social problems at the two-year follow-up; individual differences on the social decision-making task mediated this association. This finding was replicated when ADHD dimensions (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) were separately examined. These findings suggest that the deficient use of affective cues to effectively guide behavior may partially underlie poor social functioning among children with ADHD. If replicated, these preliminary findings suggest that social skills interventions that target interpretation of affective cues to aid in social decision-making behavior may improve social outcomes negatively affected by early ADHD symptoms.
Educational Approach to Environmental Complexity in Life Sciences School Manuals: An Analysis Across Countries

The BIOHEAD-Citizen project was aimed to deepen the understanding of how different aspects of citizenship can be promoted through biology, health and environmental education. Teachers’ conceptions, defined as constructs emerging from the interaction of knowledge, values and social practices (Clement, 2006), and the conceptions implicit in the messages conveyed by science school manuals were the targets of the investigations. This chapter is aimed at presenting an overview of the main findings concerning environmental education (EE) that resulted from the analyses of life sciences manuals carried out in the countries participating in the European project “Biology, Health and Environmental Education for better citizenship”.
The Determination of “Head-Head” and “Tail-Tail” Structures in Poly(Isoprene)S

Abstract Pyrolysis-gas chromatography has indicated the presence of head-head structures in free radical initiated poly(isoprene)s. Microozonolysis has confirmed the presence of both head-head (15-20 per cent) and tail-tail (4-7 per cent) structures in these polymers. These structures (which are absent in natural rubber) are present in lesser amounts in Lithium and Ziegler poly(isoprene)s (1-3 per cent). Non-equivalent amounts of head-head and tail-tail structures in particular samples indicate a chain reversal in which neither head nor tail units are involved. It has been postulated that chain reversal may occur at points of 3,4 addition.
Feeding Response of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Callus and Extracts of Corn in the Laboratory

Feeding responses of corn earworm (CEW), Heliothis zea (Boddie), larvae on callus initiated from four corn, Zea mays L., hybrids were investigated. Two hybrids were resistant to leaf feeding by southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and two were susceptible. CEW larvae were heavier after feeding on callus from susceptible hybrids for 7 d. Newly hatched larvae exhibited a preference for susceptible hybrids in choice tests with callus and leaf extracts. Response of CEW larvae to callus and leaf extracts of the different hybrids indicated that hybrids with resistance to leaf feeding by southwestern corn borer and fall armyworm quite likely have resistance to leaf feeding by CEW also.
Studies of Introital Colonization in Women with Recurrent Urinary Infections. III. Vaginal Glycogen Concentrations

AbstractThe concentration of glycogen in vaginal fluid was measured in 37 samples from 6 volunteers without urinary infections and in 96 samples from 12 patients with recurrent urinary infections. The mean glycogen concentrations, 440μg. per ml. from the controls and 564μg. per ml. from the patients, were not statistically different (p more than 0.05). Although an introital pH more than or equal to 4.4 was associated with low concentrations of glycogen in vaginal fluid, a pH less than 4.4 was found with high and low glycogen concentration. Sodium concentration was statistically higher in vaginal fluid from patients compared to controls (p less than 0.01) while potassium concentration was the same in both groups.
Luminescent Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Intracellular cAMP

G-protein coupled, seven-transmembrane (7-TM) receptors (GPCRs) comprise a diverse class of signaling molecules involved in cellular physiology and pathology. In recent years, intracellular biosensors have been developed to monitor changes in intracellular cAMP in real time, facilitating studies on the mechanisms of GPCR activation and desensitization in living cells. However, methods based on fluorescence can show limitations in response dynamics together with being difficult to perform. Here we present the use of genetically encoded, luminescent biosensors that allow a facile, non-lytic assay format for monitoring cAMP dynamics in living cells.
Surgical management of neuroendocrine tumors: treatment of localized and metastatic disease.

Tumors of neuroendocrine origin arising from the pancreas, luminal gastrointestinal tract, and other tissues differ greatly in their malignant potential.
Discussion of "Estimation and Accuracy after Model Selection" by Brad Efron.

We congratulate Efron for his stimulating and timely work which addresses an important issue on estimation after model selection. In practice, it is typical to ignore the variability of the variable selection step, which could result in inaccurate post-selection inference. Although the flaw of such practice is widely recognized, finding a general solution is extremely challenging. The model selection step is often a complex decision process and can involve collecting expert opinions, preprocessing, applying a variable selection rule, data-driven choice of one or more tuning parameters, among others. Except in simple cases, explicitly characterizing the form of the post-selection estimator is itself difficult. The key result of this paper is a closed-form formula for obtaining the standard deviation of a “bootstrap smoothed” (or “bagged”) estimator. This elegant formula is not only simple to implement but also versatile. It indeed provides a general approach for obtaining a confidence interval for a class of parameters of interest while incorporating the variability of variable selection. Our discussions will focus on two aspects: (1) the generality of the method, and (2) further insight into the performance of the proposed method in a simple but hopefully informative example.
Adaptive Parallelism on a Network of Workstations

Several computing environments, including wide area networks and non-dedicated networks of workstations, are characterized by frequent unavailability of the participating machines. Parallel computations, with interdependencies among their component processes, cannot make progress if some of the participating machines become unavailable during the computation. As a result, to deliver acceptable performance, the set of participating processors must be dynamically adjusted following the changes in computing environment. In this paper, we discuss the design of a run-time system to support a Virtual BSP Computer that allows BSP programmers to treat a network of transient processors as a dedicated network. The Virtual BSP Computer enables parallel applications to remove computations from processors that become unavailable and thereby adapt to the changing computing environment. The run-time system, which we refer to as adaptive replication system (ARS), uses replication of data and computations to keep current a mapping of a set of virtual processors to a subset of the available machines. ARS has been implemented and integrated with a message-passing library for the Bulk-Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model. The extended library has been applied to two parallel applications with the aim of using idle machines in a network of workstations (NOW) for parallel computations. We present the performance results of ARS for these applications.
Highway Salvage Archaeology in Arizona

Two years ago the Arizona State Museum inauguarated a program of highway salvage archaeology in order to gather scientific information ,from prehistoric Indian ruins before they are destroyed by new highway construction. Highway salvage archaeology involves the inspection of new highway projects for archaeological features and undertaking any excavations indicated as necessary by these preliminary examinations.
Clinical Evaluation of a Universal Adhesive in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions

Objectives To compare the clinical performance of a universal adhesive in class V non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two surface treatment protocols (self-etch [SfE] vs selective-enamel-etch [SelE]). Material and methods Thirty-three adults, each with ≥2 NCCLs, received one resin composite restoration utilizing a SfE universal adhesive and another utilizing the adhesive and SelE with 37% phosphoric acid. Restorations were evaluated for sensitivity, retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, and clinical acceptability through 24 months using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests for stratified, ordered categorical outcomes. Results Sixty-six restorations (35 SfE, 31 SelE; 27 volunteers) were evaluated at 24 months. There were no significant differences between SfE and SelE for sensitivity, retention, marginal adaptation, or clinical acceptability. One SfE restoration was lost. Marginal adaptation was significantly worse at 24 months than baseline for SelE (P = 0.01), but not for SfE. Marginal discoloration was significantly worse for SfE (P = 0.02), but not for SelE. Sensitivity improved from baseline to 24 months for both groups (SelE P = 0.004, SfE P = 0.002). Conclusions Twenty-four-month data indicated significantly reduced sensitivity for both groups, worse marginal discoloration for SfE, and worse marginal adaptation for SelE. No changes in retention or clinical acceptability were observed in either group. All retained restorations were clinically acceptable at 24 months. Clinical significance Both self-etch and selective enamel etch techniques with a universal adhesive produced clinically acceptable results in resin composite restorations for NCCLs over 2 years.
What Explains Volatility Spillovers in the Financial Systems of Emerging Market Countries: Co-Movement, Transmission, or Contagion?

This paper investigates the occurrence of dependency between foreign exchange markets and stock markets in emerging market (EM) countries by testing volatility spillovers of asset returns using a BEKK GARCH (1,1) model. The author modifies the classical BEKK GARCH model in order to study the dynamics and origins of volatility spillovers. The study’s empirical results are threefold. First, volatility spillovers between the foreign exchange and stock markets are significant in most EM countries. Second, such spillovers are found to be contingent on the sample period and market conditions, a result that is generally consistent with findings in the literature on time-varying, asymmetric, and contagion-shift spillovers. The paper also examines the sources of volatility spillovers, namely, co-movement through common information, sequential information transmission, and contagion, by specifying alternative models that restrict the mean equation of the GARCH model. The results suggest that, under normal conditions, the relevant spillovers are explained mostly by comovement from common information about fundamentals; during crises, however, while common information plays a role, market contagion also becomes an important source of spillovers.
A Profile of SIGITE/RIIT Authors

The Special Interest Group in IT Education (SIGITE) was formed in 2003 and includes an annual conference, paper proceedings and poster presentations. Many authors and presenters from the first conference have continued to regularly publish in SIGITE and the community has continued to grow since this time. In this paper we performed a study of SIGITE authors and their institutions. We have identified the number of publications by year and venue, and identified top contributing authors and institutions. In addition to presenting and discussing our findings, we are making a spreadsheet of raw data available for further analysis and research.
Qualitative reasoning at multiple resolutions

In this paper we describe an approach to unify the various quantity spaces that have been proposed in qualitative reasoning with numbers. We work in the domain of physical devices, such as electrical circuits using lumped parameter models. We show how changing the quantity space can be achieved in the course of analysis and how this is similar to dynamically changing the resolution in analysis. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with two examples in the domain of circuit analysis.
Do specialized oncology units improve the detection and management of pain

6084 Background: Pain is a common complaint of cancer patients and has a significant impact on quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare pain management for cancer patients admitt...
Mutual Winding Angles of Particles in Brownian Stochastic Flows with Top Lyapunov Exponent Equal to Zero

The investigation of the geometric properties of particles moving in stochastic flows leads to the study of their mutual winding angles. The same problem for independent Brownian motions was solved by Yor. We generalize this result to the case of isotropic Brownian stochastic flows with top Lyapunov exponent equal to zero.
Validation of Soil-Test-Based Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Irrigated Soybean

Soil testing is the best available technology for making crop fertilizer recommendations, and precision agriculture has increased the demand for soil-testing. Our primary research objectives were to validate the accuracy of soil-test P (STP) and K (STK) availability (Mehlich-3) and trifoliolate leaflet-P and leaflet-K concentration interpretations for predicting irrigated-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield response to P and K fertilization at 22 site-years. Each trial contained six treatments involving two P rates and four K rates including a no fertilizer-P or -K control and the soil-test recommendation. Yield and tissue nutrient concentration responses were assessed at three significance levels (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.10, or p ≤ 0.25) and identified as correct or incorrect according to the response predicted by soil-test recommendations. The accuracy of soil and tissue analyses to predict the correct plant response to fertilization increased as the significance level moved from conservative (p ≤ 0.05) to liberal (p ≤ 0.25). Mehlich-3 STP accurately identified soils that did not respond to fertilizer P and had an overall accuracy of 40 (p ≤ 0.05) to 48% (p ≤ 0.25) in predicting yield response to fertilization. Existing STK interpretations were 72 (p ≤ 0.05) to 82% (p ≤ 0.25) accurate. Critical leaflet-K concentrations accurately identified soybean response to K fertilization at 46 (p ≤ 0.05) to 60% (p ≤ 0.25) of the sites. Interpretation errors were most common in the very low and low STP levels, low and medium STK levels, and the low tissue-K level. The accuracy of the soil and tissue testing and their interpretation process were reasonably accurate for K but substantial improvements are needed for P.
SpecSense: Crowdsensing for efficient querying of spectrum occupancy

We describe an end-to-end platform called SpecSense to support large scale spectrum monitoring. SpecSense crowdsources spectrum monitoring to low-cost, low-power commodity SDR/embedded platforms and provides necessary analytics support in a central spectrum server. In this work, we describe SpecSense and address specific challenges related to accurately estimate spectrum occupancy on demand with low overhead. To address the accuracy question, we augment state-of-the-art spatial interpolation techniques to accommodate scenarios where RF propagation characteristics change across space. To address the overhead question, we solve the sensor selection problem to select the minimum number of spectrum sensors that can best estimate the spectrum at the requested locations.
Vector Bundles over Elliptic Surfaces

This chapter gives a variety of techniques for understanding stable rank 2 vector bundles V over elliptic surfaces X. Because of constraints of space and time, we do not give complete proofs of all of the results, and this chapter is mainly intended as a sampler of various methods for studying bundles over X. For simplicity, we shall assume that X is simply connected, so that the base curve is ℙ1 and shall concentrate on the case where X has a section v and the fibers are generic, i.e., smooth or nodal. After describing allowable elementary modifications for singular fibers, we begin with the technically much simpler case where the vector bundle V has degree 1 on every fiber. In this case, there is a unique stable bundle on each fiber, and correspondingly there is a unique stable rank 2 vector bundle V0 on X, up to twisting by the pullback of a line bundle on the base curve, which restricts to a stable bundle on each fiber. The bundle V0 then generates all stable bundles which have degree 1 on every fiber, via elementary modifications. A second approach to the moduli space is via sub-line bundles and extensions. We give a brief description of Donaldson invariants and some methods for computing them, and apply this to calculate the 2-dimensional Donaldson invariants coming from stable bundles of degree 1 on every fiber. Next we turn to the case where the degree of V on every fiber is 0. Here the moduli space of rank 2 semistable bundles of degree 0 on an elliptic curve is a ℙ1 , and so the geometry of the moduli space when the fiber degree is 0 is much more complicated.
A Relative Filtration Index and Fibers of Normal Primes in Extensions of Finite Type

For an extension R ↪ A of commutative Noetherian rings the behavior of the associated morphism of topological spaces Spec A → Spec R is often measured by its behavior on each of its fibers. Specifically, one studies the 'splitting' (or 'branching') and the 'ramification' that occurs in each fiber. In the classical constructions of faithfully flat analytic extensions (e.g., completion or Henselization) of excellent local rings the splitting and ramification properties are fairly well understood; see EGA IV [6, 18.10], Nagata [13, Sect. 37] or Raynaud [15, Ch. IX]. The strongest results are usually achieved for fibers over a 'normal point' of Spec R, that is, over p ∈ Spec R such that R/p is a normal domain [e.g., the property of a normal prime p in a local ring to be 'unibranched', i.e., the Henselization of R/p is a (normal) domain].
Multiple-modality program for standoff detection of side-attack explosive hazards

The U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Countermine Division has developed a program to investigate multiple sensor modalities to detect side-attack explosive hazards. Sensor modalities include vehicle-mounted forward- and side-looking radar, side-looking acoustic, and forward- and sidelooking electro-optical/infrared sensors. NVESD is collaborating with the Institute for Defense Analyses and multiple universities to execute data collections and conduct data analysis and algorithm development. A variety of sensors have been tested at a U.S. Army test site, and performance has been measured by calculating the probability of detection and the false-alarm rate for a given target set. Reliable detection is challenging due to variations in target design, target emplacement, environment, and obscuration. Current analysis is focused on developing feature-extraction methods and determining sensors’ abilities to penetrate concealment. This paper will discuss several data analysis efforts to date that have resulted in consideration of a high-frequency 3D radar for detection and discrimination.
Jumping on the Trump Train or Ditching the Donald: Campaign Rhetoric and the 2016 Congressional Election

The 2016 general election presented an unusual challenge to Republican congressional candidates: whether to market one’s campaign as aligned with or against Donald Trump’s controversial candidacy. ...
Indirect Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Biofuels

Bioenergy crops produced on productive cropland can displace the production of food, feed, and fiber, increasing the price of the displaced commodities and inducing farmers elsewhere to plant replacement crops. This process is referred to as indirect land-use change (ILUC). If forests or grasslands are converted to crop production, enough CO 2 may be released from the disturbed soil and biomass to negate the climate benefits of displacing petroleum-based fuels with biofuels. Although estimates of ILUC emissions remain uncertain, ILUC can be reduced or possibly avoided by minimizing the competition between bioenergy feedstocks and agricultural commodities that are in high demand.
Anesthetic Management and Hemodynamic Management

Anesthesia for cardiac surgery involves formulating an anesthetic plan based on pre-operative assessment and safely navigating a patient through the peri-operative period. Anesthetic management includes induction of anesthesia, monitoring intra-operatively and recovery from the anesthetic, all while maintaining stable hemodynamics. The most common anesthetic technique for cardiac surgery is general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Goals of general anesthesia include amnesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation, and hemodynamic stability. Typical monitoring devices include arterial lines, central venous lines, pulmonary artery catheters, and transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiologists managing patients for cardiac surgery need to have extensive knowledge regarding cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology, physiologic effects of anesthetic drugs and techniques on the cardiovascular system, and rational assessment and pharmacologic treatment of hemodynamic instability. Potential therapeutic interventions in managing patients with hypotension and/or decreased cardiac output include manipulation of heart rate or rhythm, optimizing preload, optimizing myocardial contractility, and/or optimizing systemic vascular resistance. In the current era, anesthesiologists managing patients for cardiac surgery should possess appropriate skills regarding use of transesophageal echocardiography, which simplifies hemodynamic instability assessment and may influence surgical management.
Advocating for students with learning and behavior challenges: Insights from teachers who are also parents

AbstractParents and educators are expected under IDEIA to work together on educational decision-making for students with disabilities. While collegial relationships in this process are intended, pa...
Tautomer‐Specific Resonant Photoelectron Imaging of Deprotonated Cytosine Anions

Tautomers of the nucleobases play fundamental roles in spontaneous mutations of DNA. Tautomers of neutral cytosine have been studied in the gas phase, but much less is known about charged species. Here, we report the observation and characterization of three tautomers of deprotonated cytosine anions, [trans-keto-amino-N3H-H8b] (tKAN3H8b- ), [cis-keto-amino-N3H-H8a] (cKAN3H8a- ) and [keto-amino-H] (KAN1- ), produced by electrospray ionization. Excited dipole-bound states (DBSs) are uncovered for the three anions by photodetachment spectroscopy. Excitations to selected DBS vibrational levels of cKAN3H8a- and tKAN3H8b- yield tautomer-specific resonant photoelectron spectra. The current study provides further insight into tautomerism of cytosine and suggests a new method to study the tautomers of nucleobases using electrospray ionization and anion spectroscopy.
Student perceived impact of a physical, kinetic and interactive model.

Current instructional tools for anatomy education are insufficient scaffolds for learning abstract visual concepts such as basic biomechanics. Diagrams, illustrations and even computer-generated mo...
The Feminine Mystique According to Disney: A Defense for Better Media

The following stasis map explores the presentation of female gender roles through the famous Disney story-telling magic, and how these social constructions affect children’s perception of gender and sex. Upon reading this paper, the intention will result in the examination of references in order to assess whether or not Disney’s presentation of gender roles is beneficial or detrimental for children. In order to accurately evaluate and understand the scope of Disney’s influence and creation of the female construct, this paper will pull information and evidence from a wide-range of academic and popular sources. From these resources, a discussion regarding Disney’s emotional and innocent appeal to young girls will create an outlook of understanding pedagogy and what youth culture sells to children. Through Disney’s control over children’s media and public pedagogy, the limiting and restrictive feminine mystique ultimately has a detrimental influence on child-development and learning of gender roles. References such as Mouse to Mermaid, and personal communication with Bell, create a well-rounded definition of pedagogy and the various constructions of what it means to be a woman according to the Disney Corporation. In addition, “Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses” by England et al., as well as “Gender roles in Disney films: Analyzing behaviors from Snow White to Simba” by Hoerrner, examines the ultimately detrimental effect of Disney as the company represents as a teacher of gender roles and social norms to children.
Comparison of Support Vector Machine and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree for Predicting Spatially Explicit Life Cycle Global Warming and Eutrophication Impacts: A case study in corn production

Agriculture ranks one of the top contributors to global warming and nutrient pollution. Quantifying life cycle environmental impacts from agricultural production serves as scientific foundation for forming effective remediation strategies. However, the methods capable of accurately and efficiently calculating spatially explicit life cycle global warming and eutrophication impacts at a fine spatial scale over a geographic region are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare two regression models for estimating spatially explicit life cycle global warming and eutrophication, with corn production in the Midwest region as a demonstrating example. The results indicated that the gradient boosting regression tree model built with monthly weather features yielded higher predictive accuracy for life cycle global warming impact and life cycle EU. Moreover, predictive accuracy was improved at the cost of simulation time. The gradient boosting regression tree model required longer training time. Additionally, all machine learning models were million times faster than the traditional process-based model and were suitable for use in computationally-intensive applications like optimization and predication.
A File System For Write-Once Media.

A file system standard for use with write-once media such as digital compact disks is proposed. The file system is designed to work with any operating system and a variety of physical media. Although the implementation is simple, it provides a a full-featured and high-performance alternative to conventional file systems on traditional, multiple-write media such as magnetic disks.
The Development of Hijab in the 21st Century

The population of hijab wearer is increasing in the Western region due to a large number of immigrants who live in this area. Therefore, some the apparel companies developed hijab collection in their brands. For example, in 2016, Dolce & Cabana presented new and current hijab collection line for Muslim women in their runway show. In 2017 Nike also launched a special hijab collection for Muslim women athletes. These current hijab designs introduced by the several luxury brands are associated with a combination of Muslim traditions and fashion trends to satisfy the current target customer. With these trends, the purposes of this study are to examine and evaluate the current hijabs and create a new hijab collection according to the wearer’s need and preference. For this study, the seven steps design model suggested by Watkins (2008) were selected and modified. The modified design steps for this study are consists of five steps: (a) research, (b) definition, (c) idea generation, (d) design development, and (e) evaluation.
Successful stereotactic radiotherapy of meningiomas in a patient with Cowden syndrome: a case report

Cowden's Syndrome (CS) is a rare disease with increased risk for several carcinomas. Experimental studies and limited case reports have described the negative effects of radiotherapy. A 35-yearold woman presented with newly diagnosed CS and multiple meningiomas. She underwent subtotal resection of a right petroclival meningioma to relieve brainstem compression and received adjuvant fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy 50 Gy in 25 fractions with minimal side effects. Twenty months post-operatively the patient presented with neurological deficits from progression of additional meningiomas. Craniotomy was performed and gross total resection was achieved for all sites of disease. Imaging five months after surgery demonstrated progressive left tentorial meningioma. She underwent definitive stereotactic radiosurgery to 15 Gy and tolerated treatment well. At 32 and 7 months post-RT, the patient has reported no side effects or toxicity as a result of RT, demonstrating for the first time in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, the use of intracranial RT without significant toxicity in CS.
Understanding the Transition from Suicidal Desire to Planning and Preparation: Correlates of Suicide Risk within a Psychiatric Inpatient Sample of Ideators and Attempters.

Abstract Background There is a clear need to better understand the trajectory from suicidal ideation to enactment of lethal suicidal behavior. Identification of factors that promote desire and the transition to intent and behavior is critical for the advancement of theory, risk formulation, and prevention. Method In this cross sectional study, correlates of suicide risk were examined at theoretically distinct points along the trajectory from suicidal thinking to behavior (i.e., desire, plans and preparations, suicide attempt) in a manner consistent with the Three-Step Theory and an ideation-to-action framework. The sample included 197 adult inpatients (60% male, 40% white) hospitalized due to ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Results Psychological pain and fearlessness about death were associated with desire and plans and preparations for suicide. There were no significant differences in suicide risk correlates between ideators and attempters. Limitations The primary limitations of the current study relate to the cross-sectional design and the nature of the sample, which do not allow for inference of causal relations, or generalizability to outpatient and community samples or to individuals who die by suicide. Conclusions Psychological pain and fearlessness about death may function as transitional factors that are associated with the transition from desire to suicidal intent in psychiatric inpatients. Findings have important implications for clinical practice. Treatment interventions should reduce psychological pain, increase safety, and reduce access to means.
Clinical Validity of Serum Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 : A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: The clinical utility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies remains undefined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical validity and utility of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: First month of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on nasopharyngeal swabs at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (11 066 persons). PARTICIPANTS: Of the 11 066 tested persons, 115 (1%) were hospitalized adults investigated for COVID-19. Clinical record review was performed to classify them into a COVID-19 case group (n = 60) or a non-COVID-19 control group (n = 55). The laboratory control groups comprised 513 persons not tested by NAAT: 160 healthy laboratory employees, 101 persons positive for IgG antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen, 215 positive for thyroperoxidase antibody, and 37 positive for rheumatoid factor. MEASUREMENTS: Serum IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay were 0.976 (95% CI, 0.928 to 0.995) and 0.988 (CI, 0.974 to 0.995), respectively, when performed 14 days or later after symptom onset, but sensitivity decreased at earlier time points. Immunoglobulin G developed rapidly and was sustained at high levels throughout follow-up (up to 58 days). Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 predicted the odds of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, which increased by 62% (CI, 48% to 81%; P < 0.001) for every 2-fold increase in IgG. Of 11 066 NAAT-tested patients, 457 were repeatedly NAAT-negative, and serum samples were obtained for 18 such patients (6 COVID-19 case patients and 12 non-COVID-19 control patients). Antibodies were present in 5 of 6 case patients and none of the 12 control patients (P = 0.001). LIMITATIONS: The study was retrospective and performed at a single center; the sample was small; follow-up was limited; and selection bias may have occurred. CONCLUSION: Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 demonstrate infection when measured at least 14 days after symptom onset, are associated with clinical severity, and provide valuable diagnostic support in patients who test negative by NAAT but remain clinically suspicious for COVID-19. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Appraising the Community of Practice at a Hospital Library System Using a Critical Librarianship Lens.

The Kaiser Permanente health sciences librarians created inter-regional policies to standardize and guide the work of all librarians across regions. In response to the larger organization’s emphasi...
Reversal learning deficits during sleep deprivation: investigating the role of information acquisition failures

Besides degrading vigilant attention, total sleep deprivation (TSD) impairs reversal learning performance and blunts affective reactions to feedback. Whether these effects are downstream consequences of information acquisition failures from degraded vigilant attention, or distinct from degraded vigilant attention, is unclear. In well-rested individuals we simulated information acquisition failures by masking a portion of trial information in a go/no-go reversal learning task with four conditions: stimulus masking, feedback masking, alternating stimulus/feedback masking, and no-masking control. No condition reproduced the previously documented pattern of TSD effects, suggesting that information acquisition failures cannot fully account for impaired reversal learning and blunted affective reactions during TSD.
Systemic Venous Anomalies: Echocardiographic Evaluation

Systemic venous anomalies can occur in isolation but are more commonly found in association with other structural heart diseases. Echocardiography has become a routine tool in the diagnosis of these anomalies, which although hemodynamically insignificant, can cause significant morbidity in the setting of cardiac catheterisation and surgical intervention in patients with congenital heart disease if not identified correctly.
Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents of Children With Non-Autism Developmental Delays:

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at greater risk for developing antivaccine beliefs that lead to vaccine delays and/or refusals for their children. We investigated current parental vaccine hesitancy, parents' beliefs about causes of children's developmental delays, and children's vaccination histories among parents of children with ASD or non-ASD developmental delays. Data were analyzed from 89/511 parents (17.4%) who completed the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines questionnaire and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire; 46.1% had childhood vaccination records available. Overall, 21/89 (23.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0-34.0) of parents were vaccine hesitant (ASD n = 19/21 [90.5%], non-ASD n = 2/21 [9.5%]). Parents of children with ASD were significantly more likely to agree with "toxins in vaccines" as a cause of their child's developmental delays (28.4% vs 5.0%, P = .034). The odds of being vaccine hesitant were 11.9 times (95% CI 2.9-48.0) greater among parents who agreed versus disagreed that toxins in vaccines caused their children's developmental delays. Rates of prior vaccine receipt did not differ between hesitant and nonhesitant groups.
Our Democratic First Amendment

The First Amendment to the US Constitution protects free speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and assembly, and the right to petition the government. Why did the Framers protect these particular rights? What role were these rights intended to play in our democracy? And what force do they retain in today's world? In this highly readable account, Ashutosh Bhagwat explores the answers to these questions. The first part of the book looks at the history of the First Amendment, early political conflicts over its meaning, and the lessons to be learned from those events about the nature of our system of government. The second part applies those lessons to our modern, fractious democracy as it has evolved in the age of the Internet and social media. Now as then, the key to maintaining that democracy, it turns out, is an active citizenry that fully embraces the First Amendment.
Local Supermajorities

This paper explores two non-standard supermajority rules in the context of judgment aggregation over multiple logically connected issues. These rules set the supermajority threshold in a local, context sensitive way—partly as a function of the input profile of opinions. To motivate the interest of these rules, I prove two results. First, I characterize each rule in terms of a condition I call ‘Block Preservation’. Block preservation says that if a majority of group members accept a judgment set, then so should the group. Second, I show that one of these rules is, in a precise sense, a judgment aggregation analogue of a rule for connecting qualitative and quantitative belief that has been recently defended by Hannes Leitgeb. The structural analogy is due to the fact that Leitgeb sets thresholds for qualitative beliefs in a local, context sensitive way—partly as a function of the given credence function.
Experts Are People, Too: Attitudes and Cognition Impact Experts’ Progress Toward Racial Equality

How do people understand racial equality in the United States? Do different understanding of equality stall progress? In the target article, Lewis (this issue) explores these questions. He challeng...