cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisited reaction-diffusion model of thermal desorption spectroscopy experiments on hydrogen retention in material

Desorption phase of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experiments performed on tungsten samples exposed to flux of hydrogen isotopes in fusion relevant conditions is analyzed using a reaction-diffusion model describing hydrogen retention in material bulk. Two regimes of hydrogen desorption are identified depending on whether hydrogen trapping rate is faster than hydrogen diffusion rate in material during TDS experiments. In both regimes, a majority of hydrogen released from material defects is immediately outgassed instead of diffusing deeply in material bulk when the evolution of hydrogen concentration in material is quasi-static, which is the case during TDS experiments performed with tungsten samples exposed to flux of hydrogen isotopes in fusion related conditions. In this context, analytical expressions of the hydrogen outgassing flux as a function of the material temperature are obtained with sufficient accuracy to describe main features of thermal desorption spectra (TDSP). These expressions are then used to highlight how characteristic temperatures of TDSP depend on hydrogen retention parameters, such as trap concentration or activation energy of detrapping processes. The use of Arrhenius plots to characterize retention processes is then revisited when hydrogen trapping takes place during TDS experiments. Retention processes are also characterized using the shape of desorption peaks in TDSP, and it is shown that diffusion of hydrogen in material during TDS experiment can induce long desorption tails visible aside desorption peaks at high temperature in TDSP. These desorption tails can be used to estimate activation energy of diffusion of hydrogen in material.
Coercive abortions and criminalizing the birth of children: some thoughts on the impact on women of State v. Oakley.

The societal dilemma imposed by "deadbeat" parents is recited in media headlines2 on a sufficiently regular basis for most to see that the institutional arrangements for the provision and collection of child support payments do not always work. From the five bil­ lion dollars in child support payments that went unpaid in 20003 to the number of single parents, most often mothers, in poverty,4 we seem to have produced a child support establishment that consumes enormous resources even as it fails to produce financial resources for children. Matters would be bad enough if the problem of child support collection was limited to the financial sphere. Unfortu­ nately, that turns out not to be the case here. To this failure-and that is not too strong a term-of the government generally and the judicial system to respond to the need to support children, we com­ pound additional lessons and failures in the arena of procreation.
Marching Toward Reproductive Justice: Coalitional (Re) Framing of the March for Women’s Lives*

This article examines how coalition frames develop and what happens to that frame after the formal coalition ends. To that end, I analyze the frame shift around the 2004 March for Women's Lives (March). The March initially focused on established ideas of reproductive rights around which the four national mainstream co-sponsors previously organized. However, after a newer reproductive justice organization joined the coalition, material and organizing reflected a shift in framing to reproductive justice. How did this change happen? What are the impacts of this event for the women's movement? Through document analysis and interviews, I trace the negotiations that facilitated this framing shift. I argue that this new coalition frame translated into positive lasting changes in organizing for women's reproductive health even as the coalition dissolved and some of the tensions within the larger women's movement remain.
Modulation extension control for multilevel converters using triplen harmonic injection with low switching frequency

This paper presents a modulation extension control method for multilevel converters with low switching frequency. The disadvantage of the fundamental frequency switching control method for multilevel converters is its narrow range of modulation indices where solutions exist. To address this problem, a triplen harmonic compensation method is proposed. First, the resultant method and/or Newton climbing method are used to find solutions of the switching angles for the fundamental frequency switching scheme control. Second, a triplen harmonic is injected into the multilevel converters accompanied with the fundamental frequency control signals to reduce the required level number of the DC voltages without changing the fundamental component of the phase voltage. The computational results show that the triplen harmonic method indeed reduces the required DC voltage level number to reduce the hardware cost. A 17-level example was implemented with an 11-level H-bridge multilevel converter and an 8 /spl mu/s control resolution to demonstrate the triplen harmonic compensation method. The experimental results confirmed the method with this example.
An Analysis of the Short and Long-Run Relationships in the Garment Retail Market: Is There a Trend Toward Convergence in Fashion?

This paper examines the main trends in the U.S. garment industry concentrating on the fashion retail sector over the period 1992/Q1-2013/Q4. Using FRED retail data, summary statistics and time-series analysis, we investigate the dynamic interrelationships among three price indices in the apparel market— Consumer Price Index (apparel inflation rate) (CPI), Import Apparel Price Index (IMPX) and Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) in Clothing and Footwear. Our findings indicate that there exists a long run, steady relationship among the variables under consideration as indicated by the negative and significant sign of error correction term (ECT). Individually, PEC has a short-run (positive) effect on price increase/decrease for consumers (CPI) whereas IMPX is statistically insignificant. While fashion had traditionally been thought of as having a short-run impact (cyclical) and not long-run (growth or trend), the results indicate that the three price indices are converging over time but at a very gradual pace. The paper concludes by stressing the uses and limitations of time-series analysis for decision-making in this sector.
Prospective study of mobilization kinetics up to 18 hours after late‐afternoon dosing of plerixafor

Background The current FDA-approved time interval between plerixafor dosing and apheresis initiation is approximately 11 hours, but this time interval is impractical for most care providers. Few studies have examined mobilization kinetics beyond 11 hours in multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Therefore, this study's intent was to analyze an interval of 17 to 18 hours between plerixafor dosing and apheresis initiation. Study Design and Methods In 11 patients with MM or NHL, 240 μg/kg plerixafor was administered at 5 p.m. on Day 4 of granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization. Peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ and CD34+CD38− concentrations were enumerated every 2 hours until 7 a.m. and immediately before apheresis on Day 5, for a total interval time of 17 to 18 hours after plerixafor. Data were analyzed using mixed-model analysis of repeated measures and paired t testing. Results Ten of the 11 subjects achieved a CD34+ product count of more than 2 × 106/kg with a single leukapheresis procedure. All 10 had a preplerixafor PB CD34+ concentration ([CD34+]) of at least 10/μL. PB [CD34+] was not different between 10 and 18 hours after plerixafor (p = 0.8). In contrast, PB CD34+CD38− concentrations significantly increased from 10 to 18 hours after plerixafor (p = 0.03). Conclusions In MM and NHL patients with adequate preplerixafor [CD34+], leukapheresis initiated 14 to 18 hours after plerixafor and G-CSF mobilization may not impair adequate CD34+ collection and may increase more primitive CD34+CD38− collection. In this subset of patients, late-afternoon dosing of plerixafor at 5 p.m. with initiation of next-day apheresis as late as 11 a.m. appears feasible without loss of efficacy.
A Kinematic Study of a Robot and a Dextrous Hand

This paper presents the direct kinematics of the sixteen degree-of- freedom Utah/MIT dexterous hand and the direct and inverse kinematics of the six degree-of-freedom Merlin 6500 manipulator arm.
Globalization and Governance in Cyberspace: Mapping the Processes of Emergent Regime Formation in Global Information and Communications Policy

This paper develops a theoretical perspective on globalization and the Information Society and combines it with a critical usage of international regime theory as a heuristic for understanding the current historical period of transition from an international telecommunicaitons regime (Cowhey, 1990; 1994) to a new and complex regime aimed at providing governance for the Global Information Infrastructure and Global Information Society (GII/GIS). In analyzing the principles, values, norms, rules, collective decision-making prdocedures, and enforcement mechanisms of the emergent GII/GIS regime, this paper differentiates between three regime levels: (1) Macro-Regime--global; (2) Mezzo-Regime--regional and sub-regional; and (3) Micro-Regime--national. The paper employs a case-study approach to explore some of the specific national responses (i.e. South Africa) to this regime transition, with an analysis of potential best practices and lessons learned for other emerging economies. Key findings in this paper are: (1) that a range of social, political, economic, and technological factors are eroding the existing international telecommunications regime (e.g., VOIP;, call-back, VSATs, accounting rate restructuring, pressure for applicaitons development, and SMMEs); (2) a new regime for global information and communicaitons policy is emerging, but is being driven not by the broad possibilities of the Information Society, but by the more specific interests of global and multi-national corporations related to global e-commerce; (3) numerous strategic responses have been developed at national, subregional, and regional levels to the challenges of this transition in both developed and developing regions; and (4) without a collaborative response, the developing world will be further marginalized by this new regime.
Licensing and Certification of Software Engineering Personnel

Certification and licensing have often been viewed as hallmarks of a true professional discipline. Most fields that are generally recognized as “professions” have one or the other and often both of these mechanisms in place. As software engineering struggles to establish itself as a discipline and, at least in some quarters, as a professional discipline the appropriateness of and mechanisms for certification and licensing have become the subject of widespread discussion and debate. This article reviews the role of licensing and certification and addresses their applicability to software engineering. It also presents a possible model of how licensing and certification might look in relation to accreditation, education programs, curricula, bodies of knowledge, taxonomies, and other artifacts of a discipline. If certification or licensing is appropriate for software engineers, certain facts need to be established: (1) that software engineering is a separate discipline, (2) that software engineering is a profession, (3) that software engineering is sufficiently established to justify certification or licensing, and (4) that certification or licensing of software engineers would be beneficial enough to justify the effort to establish them. We examine these in turn. Keywords: software engineering discipline; profession; certification; licensing; registration; model; physicians; software engineers
Analysis of the Life Cycle of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Morowitz, Harold J. (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and Jack Maniloff. Analysis of the life cycle of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J. Bacteriol. 91:1638-1644. 1966.-A series of electron microscope observations on Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain A5969 have been made by use of thin-section techniques and negative staining. The methods presented a consistent picture of a postdivision cell, which contains a fibrillar nuclear region, surrounding ribosomal region, highly organized bleb at one end of the cell, granular infrableb region, and bounding unit membrane. Cell division commenced with the appearance of a second infrableb area at the end of the cell opposite the original bleb. A new bleb grew in this area, and the cell then elongated. The nuclear material segregated into two parts separated by a band of ribosomes. A constriction appeared, in this central ribosome-packed area, leading to the formation of two daughter cells. The following was noted: the cells were very small (volume, 5 x 10(-14) cm(3)); each cell was highly structured and strongly ordered; and the replication appeared to be a very precisely programmed series of events.
Lenin's decision to seize power: The influence of events in Finland

THIS article* attempts to assess a more or less accidental circumstance as an important and possibly key factor in Lenin's decision, made some time during I2-I4 September (Old Style) I9I7, to press upon his party the policy of seizing power. Lenin's decision is widely held to have been one of the most influential historically ever made by one man. The circumstance was the conjuncture of events at that time in Finland, where Lenin was in refuge from the Provisional Government. After Lenin's arrival in Russia in April, the Bolshevik opposition to the Provisional Government solidified. Lenin sensed correctly a growing undercurrent of sentiment against the war, or at least his theoretical view of the First World War as the dying gasp of imperialism corresponded with rising anti-war feelings in urban, northwest Russia. This area, referred to within the Provisional Government as 'the rotten corner of Russia',l contained most of the radical intelligentsia and the highest proportion of working class (and the smallest proportion of peasantry). Petrograd was also an important reserve centre for the Russian northern front with a garrison of over I75,000. These troops were not what one would normally think of as reserves because of the peculiar Russian policy of maintaining a battalion or a company of frontline regiments in permanent reserve as training, replacement, and convalescent units. The lack of a viable larger command structure, such as a regular division or corps would have possessed, made these units particularly susceptible to spontaneous influences, as demonstrated by their actions in the February revolution. Afterwards, the Provisional Government protected their position by agreeing to a new set of military rules and regulations (Order Number One of the Petrograd Soviet) and by promising not to remove them from the city. Volatile and combustible material, these forces were not reliable for maintaining order, nor at first for coordinated insurrection.2 As dissatisfaction with
RegularRoute: an efficient detailed router with regular routing patterns

Detailed routing is an important phase of realizing exact routing paths for optimizing various design objectives and satisfying increasingly complicated design rules. In this paper, we propose RegularRoute, a fast detailed router trying to use regular routing patterns in a correct-by-construction strategy for better routability and design rule satisfaction. Given a 2-D global routing solution and the underlying routing tracks, we generate a detailed routing solution in a bottom-up layer-by-layer manner. For each layer, the routing tracks are partitioned into a number of panels. We formulate the problem of assigning global segments into different tracks of each panel as a Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) problem.We propose a fast and effective heuristic to solve the MWIS problem. Then unassigned segments after MWIS are partially routed by a greedy technique. For the unrouted portion of each segment, its terminals are promoted so that the assignment is deferred to upper layers. At top layers, we apply panel merging and maze routing techniques to achieve better routability. Due to the unavailability of academic detailed routing benchmarks, we proposed two sets of detailed routing testcases derived from ISPD98 [1] and ISPD05 [2] placement benchmark suites respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of RegularRoute.
Relationship of exercise, oral contraceptive use, and body fat to concentrations of plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in young women

Abstract To investigate the relationship of exercise and oral contraceptive use to plasma lipids and lipoproteins, a cross-sectional study was designed to compare lipid levels in 96 exercising and non-exercising women who used or did not use oral contraceptives. Exercisers had significantly lower plasma triglyceride concentrations and low-density/high-density lipoprotein ratios than non-exercisers after adjustment for differences In pill type distribution between groups. Women using progestin-dominant pills had significantly lower plasma triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein concentrations and significantly higher low-density/high-density lipoprotein ratios compared with women using estrogen/progestin-balanced pills. As body fat was significantly associated with both pill type and physical activity, it is unclear how much of these lipoprotein differences were due to body fat, exercise, or pill use. Regular physical activity together with reduced body fat partially compensated for plasma IIpoprotein differences associated with oral contraceptive use.
Installation Model Tests of a Gulf of Mexico Compliant Tower

This paper describes a series of scale model tests and analytical simulations conducted to study the behaviour of a deepwater Gulf of Mexico compliant tower during key phases of its installation. These phases include the horizontal joining of two tower sections, the in-water towing of the mated structures and the upending of the tower at the offshore installation site. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the overall feasibility of installing deepwater compliant towers. Analytical simulations generally overpredict the response of the tower when compared to model test results. Improvements to the analytical models that may eliminate some of the conservatism are also suggested in the paper.
Some guidelines for group therapists

Psychodynamic group psychotherapy works on the basis of two major premises: 1) Individuals will present themselves, complete with strengths and weaknesses, in a group in fundamentally the same ways as they live out their lives; and 2) the various behaviors that occur within groups are interconnected via group associations and group contagion. A brief example will serve to illustrate both points. Let us suppose a group of eight strangers is meeting for the first time. All eight individuals will adopt their own characteristic styles for coping with that situation. One may boisterously assume dominance by helping with introductions, acting as chairperson, and generally presenting a self-confident image. Another individual may sit mutely throughout the meeting. Still another member may demonstrate and speak of the anxiety of the situation. Yet another may plead or demand that the leader assume more responsibility for the meeting. In other words, from the very moment they enter the group room, individuals will begin to demonstrate their characteristic styles for coping and living. One may presume that the initial meeting of a therapy group presents each member with a fairly constant stimulus. The situation evokes for everyone, including leaders, issues of basic trust. Will this be a safe situation? Will I be treated with respect or abuse? How can the blind lead the blind? Will there be enough time and attention for me? What can I do to protect myself and to gain something for myself? Do I dare risk allowing others and myself to know what I feel? The individuals cited above indicated their first-line defenses against these concerns. We noted a counterphobic refusal to acknowledge the fear, or at least an attempt to master it by active assertiveness; we saw a regression to a mute, totally passive position; we noted one member acknowledged the anxiety verbally and behaviorally; and we noted one member who demonstrated a pervasive dependency and entitlement that implied it was the responsibility of the leader to remove the anxiety. From the moment the group begins, the patients not only talk about their problems, they have them, not just in the transference but in the real interactions within the minicommunity. We may assume that the styles presented by individuals in groups are not newly developed for just this situation, but rather that we are privy to observing styles that have been historically utilized by these individuals.
Development of an E-Healthcare Information Security Risk Assessment Method

This paper developed a method to assess information security risks in e-healthcare. Specifically, it first developed a static E-Healthcare Information Security Risk EHISR model to present thirty-three security risk factors by identifying information security threats and their sources in e-healthcare. Second, a dynamic E-Healthcare Information Flow EHIF model was developed to logically link these information risk factors in the EHISR model. Pattern analysis showed that information security risks could be classified into two levels, and versatility analysis showed that the overall security risks for eight information flows were close with a range from 55% to 86%. Third, one quantifiable approach based on a relative-weighted assessment model was developed to demonstrate how to assess the information security risks in e-healthcare. This quantitative security risk measurement establishes a reference point for assessing e-healthcare security risks and assists managers in selecting a reliable information flow infrastructure with a lower security risk level.
The Dynamic Shear Storage Modulus of Plastic‐Bonded Explosives and its relationship to sensitivity

The linear dynamic mechanical properties of plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) were measured from −40 °C to +50 °C over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 4 Hz with a Rheometrics dynamic mechanical spectrometer. The purpose of the measurements was to develop correlations between the viscoelastic properties of composite high explosive systems and their impact sensitivities. Data from drop-skid tests using the 45°-angled target, as performed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were used in the sensitivity measurements. The skid-test drop height was inversely proportional to the shear storage modulus of the PBXs and the glass transition temperature (measured dynamically) of the PBXs tested.
Density gradient analysis of newly replicated DNA from synchronized mouse lymphoma cells.

Abstract The replication of DNA in synchronous cultures of mouse lymphoma cells was investigated by use of CsCl density gradient centrifugation. We found that the buoyant density of newly replicated DNA depended upon the particular stage of S phase in which synthesis occurred. In early S phase, newly replicated DNA exhibited buoyant densities which were slightly higher, on the average, than that of pre-existing DNA. As S phase progressed, newly replicated DNA shifted to lower buoyant densities, until, near the end of S phase, densities less than pre-existing DNA were observed. These observations are discussed in terms of their possible relevance to base compositional differences between nucleotide sequences made in early as opposed to middle or late S phase. Few, if any, satellite DNA sequences were synthesized in early S phase; however, satellite replication was evident by middle S phase. Although replication of the satellite appeared to continue into late S phase, synchrony at this point in the cell cycle is probably insufficient to be certain whether the synthesis of satellite involves the later one-fifth of S phase.
Complete nonorientable minimal surfaces in R3

We consider complete nonorientable minimal immersionsx(M)⊇R 3. Assuming the double coverN ofM has finite total curvature, we generalize an argument of Lopez/Ros to give a sufficient condition for the instability ofx(M) in terms of the total curvature ofM and the genus γ of $$\bar N$$ . We apply this condition to prove that if the immersion is regular thenx(M) is unstable. We also consider the case where the immersion is finitely branched, and we classify the possibilities under the assumption the $$\bar N$$ is hyperelliptic.
Identification of cDNA Clones for the Large Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 COMPARISON OF HOMOLOGUES FROM HUMAN, NICOTIANA TABACUM, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS, AND SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Initiation of translation in eukaryotes is mediated by a set of initiation factors. Mammalian initiation factor 3 is composed of at least 8 subunits, with the largest being about 180 kDa in size. Here we report the cloning of the p180 subunit of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 3. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA agrees with the sequences of CNBr fragments of eIF-3, confirming the identity of the clone. The 1382 amino acid open reading frame contains a high percentage of charged residues (48%) and an unusual repetitive domain near the carboxyl terminus composed of 25 repeats of 10 amino acids each. Data base searches identified related sequences found in members of the plant and fungal kingdoms as well as in other mammals and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans These sequences share significant identity with the human clone and probably represent the homologues of the p180 subunit in these organisms. This is the first report identifying the sequence of the large subunit of eIF-3.
Fluorescent-labeled crosslinks in collagen: Pyrenebutyrylhydrazine

The aldehydes present in acid-soluble type I collagen react with pyrenebutyrylhydrazine to form various types of complexes under different reaction conditions. These complexes exhibit one or more of three different pyrene fluorescence bands: monomer, excimer, and aggregate fluorescence. Collagen, whose aldehydes have been reduced with NaBH4, does not react with this fluorescent hydrazine, confirming that the hydrazine reacts specifically with aldehyde groups to form hydrazones. The absence of a reaction with pepsin-treated collagen also shows that the fluorescent labels are primarily in the nonhelical terminal telopeptides. Upon dialysis, the pyrene label bound to a saturated aldehyde in an α-chain is lost; whereas that bound to an unsaturated aldehyde remains on the protein. The pyrene monomer fluorescence in the β-chain of old collagen is stronger than that of young collagen. The formation of the pyrene excimer fluorescence implies the proximity of two pyrene molecules, probably attached to two adjacent aldehydes. Upon changing from acidic to neutral pH, both excimer and aggregate fluorescence bands disappear within a few seconds, revealing a very rapid alteration at the telopeptides.
Synthesis and Structures of Mono- and Bis(amidinate) Complexes of Aluminum

The synthesis and structures of mono- and bis(amidinate) aluminum complexes are described. The reaction of AlMe3 and 1 equiv of carbodiimide, R'N=C=NR', affords {MeC(NR')2}AlMe2 (1a, R' = iPr; 1b, R' = Cy = cyclohexyl). The reaction of R'N=C=NR' with MeLi or tBuLi generates Li[RC(NR')2] (2a, R = Me, R' = iPr; 3a, R = tBu, R' = iPr; 3b, R = tBu, R' = Cy; 3c, R = tBu, R' = SiMe3). 2a, 3a, and 3b may be isolated or reacted in situ, while attempted isolation of 3c gave [Li(tBuCN){-N(SiMe3)2}]2 (3d). The reaction of 1 equiv of AlCl3 with 2a or 3a-c affords {RC(NR')2}AlCl2 (4a, R = Me; 5a-c, R = tBu), and the reaction of AlMe2Cl with 3a-c affords {tBuC(NR')2}AlMe2 (6a-c). Alkylation of 5a,b with 2 equiv of PhCH2MgCl or Me3CCH2Li yields {tBuC(NR')2}Al(CH2Ph)2 (7a,b) or {tBuC(NR')2}Al(CH2CMe3)2 (8a,b). The reaction of 0.5 equiv of AlCl3 with 2a or 3a,b yields {RC(NR')2}2AlCl (9a, R = Me; 10a,b, R = tBu). Complexes 1b, 3d, 4a, 5a,b, 6b, 8b, 9a, and 10a,b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic results establish that steric interactions between the R and R' groups influence the R'-N-Al angle and, hence, the steric environment at aluminum.
Comparative study of textured and epitaxial ZnO films

Abstract ZnO films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on GaAs and α-Al 2 O 3 substrates. The properties of ZnO films on GaAs and α-Al 2 O 3 have been investigated to determine the differences between epitaxial and textured ZnO films. ZnO films on GaAs show very strong emission features associated with exciton transitions as do ZnO films on α-Al 2 O 3 , while the crystalline structural qualities for ZnO films on α-Al 2 O 3 are much better than those for ZnO films on GaAs. The properties of ZnO films are studied by comparing highly oriented, textured ZnO films on GaAs with epitaxial ZnO films on α-Al 2 O 3 synthesized along the c -axis.
Surface-to-volume wave conversion in shallow water with a corrugated bottom

Acoustic transmission between points onshore or in very shallow water and points in deep water is strongly influenced by the shear rigidity of marine sediments, which control the parameters and the very existence of seismoacoustic surface waves. Previously, it was found that coupling between acoustic modes and the seismoacoustic surface waves is normally weak, although not negligible in the case of a gently sloping seafloor and soft sediments. In this paper, the previous work is extended by accounting for the small-scale roughness of the seafloor. The significant role of roughness in coupling between volume and surface waves is demonstrated. The combined effect of bottom topography, roughness, and wave attenuation in soft marine sediments on the sound propagation between points in shallow and deep water is discussed.
Acute postoperative seizures and long-term outcome following pediatric epilepsy surgery.

Abstract Purpose Acute post-operative seizures (APOS) after epilepsy surgery, previously believed to be benign, are increasingly associated with poor long-term prognosis. Prior literature has focused primarily on adult temporal lobe epilepsy. This retrospective study aimed to identify the prevalence, prognostic significance and risk factors for APOS in pediatric epilepsy surgery at a single center. Method Retrospective chart review of all children aged 0–21 years undergoing resective surgery for epilepsy between 2009 and 2012 at a single center. APOS were defined as seizures within 30 days of resection. Surgical outcome was determined, using a minimum of 12 months postoperative follow-up for inclusion. Results APOS, defined as a seizure within 30 days of resection, were identified in 50/112 (44%) of patients. APOS were a significant predictor of poor postoperative seizure outcome (ILAE 4–6); only 26% of those with APOS had a good outcome (ILAE 1–3), compared to 76% without APOS. Timing of postoperative seizure was not correlated with outcome. Most (54%) with APOS and good outcome had continued seizures between 14-30 days postoperatively. Patients with APOS after temporal ( p =0.05) and extratemporal ( p p =0.22). Key risk factors for APOS include lack of ictal EEG lateralization to operated hemisphere/side of MRI abnormality. Conclusion This study shows an association between APOS and poor outcome in both temporal and extratemporal pediatric epilepsy surgery. Findings support the expansion of APOS duration to 30 days.
Synthesis of schematic descriptions in mechanical design

This article describes a schematic synthesis problem and one of its solution techniques. The problem domain consists of devices that can be described as networks of lumped-parameter, idealized elements in the translational-mechanical, rotational-mechanical, fluidmechanical, and electrical media. Such devices include speedometers, accelerometers, pneumatic cylinders, and pressure gauges. Design problems in this domain are specified by an input quantity, an output quantity, and the desired relationship between the input and output. The solution technique is based on three steps: 1) generate a candidate design, 2) derive and classify the behavior of the candidate, 3) based on the derived behavior and domain knowledge, modify the candidate (if possible) to bring it in line with the specification. The key idea behind this techniques is that an abstract characterization of the essential properties of the candidate design expedites the analysis and modification. The results of this work are aimed at computer tools for preliminary mechanical design.
Frictionless indentation by an elastic punch: a dynamic Hertzian contact problem

Frictionless indentation of an elastic half-plane by a relatively blunt, symmetric elastic punch at an ar: bitrary speed is analyzed by treating the more general problem of frictionless Hertzian contact between elastic solids. As in the quasi-static problem, the analysis assumes that the solid surface contours are approximately flat. In addition, the contact strip expands at a constant rate and the imposed rigid body motions and surface contours are represented by polynomial curves. Homogeneous function techniques allow analytic solutions to the basic mathematical problem. As an example, the general results are then applied to the uniformly accelerating parabolic punch on a half-plane.
Horizontal Alliances and Competitive Aggressiveness: An Embeddedness Approach:

To assess the effects of co-opetition—simultaneous competition and collaboration—on competitive aggressiveness, this article relates one aspect of embeddedness—tie strength—to the volume and complexity of a firm’s competitive actions. Findings from our study of firms in the U.S. software industry suggest that strong ties increase the volume and complexity of competitive actions. Results also suggest that action volume is negatively related to the interaction between tie strength and both multimarket contact and resource similarity. However, results show that neither resource similarity nor multimarket contact did have direct or moderating effects on the relationship between tie strength and action complexity.
Paired factors of the physical environment operating on the sensitive periods in the life history of organisms

The article demonstrates that organisms are sensitive to the physical environment in a definite way provided that commonly recognized embryological or developmental stages of the organism are selected for investigation. The relation between a given biological process and the physical environment usually takes the form of a series of concentric isorrhopic lines, each line representing a quantitatively different degree of the biological process. One can make such a diagram whenever there are sufficient quantitative data both with regard to the organism and the environment. Usually the biological phenomena are affected with paired environmental elements. Temperature and moisture (e.g. humidity and rainfall) are the most commonly employed paired factors, primarily because the detailed data are most readily available. Solar radiation, pH, and oxygen are also paired with biological processes. The usefulness of this method of studying mesological processes could be greatly extended if biological data were available for long periods and if concurrent micrometeorological observations were made.
Waves in wave-produced plasmas: Ducted kinetic Alfvén waves in helicon sources

Dissipation of Alfven waves (AW's) is the most probable mechanism for ion heating in the solar corona. AW's are also thought to play a role in aurora formations. Due to their long wavelength in typical laboratory plasmas, experimental investigations of the AW's require very long plasmas. However a plasma with high density reduces the need for long parallel dimensions for such experimental investigations. Although helicon plasma sources are theoretically ideal candidates for AW studies because of their high plasma density (n ∼ 1013 cm−3) and moderate length (L ∼ 2 m), they potentially introduce some challenges: a) the ubiquitous high power rf makes it difficult to resolve the excited AW's, b) the plasma has a steep radial density gradient that essentially dictates the kinetic and inertial regimes for AW's propagation, and c) the plasma has a significant neutral density which alters the AW's dispersion through ion-neutral collisions. Here we present measurements of propagating kinetic Alfven waves in helium helicon plasma. The measured wave dispersion is well fit with a kinetic model that includes the effects of ion-neutral damping and that assumes the high density plasma core defines the radial extent of the wave propagation region. Further investigation shows that the measured wave amplitude versus plasma radius is consistent with the pile up of wave magnetic energy at the boundary between the kinetic and inertial regime regions.
An Evaluation of the Neuber and Glinka Relations for Monotonic Loading

The abilities of six models of notch root behavior are evaluated by comparing them with experimental results over a range of constraints. The models studied are the Neuber model, the Walker modified Neuber model, the Glinka models for plane strain and for plane stress, and two modifications of the Glinka models. Comparisons are made with strains measured at the roots of notches by resistance gages or by laser-based interferometry.
The Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor… 4 Years Later*

I. Introduction IN 1989 we published a review in this journal in which we summarized, criticized, and attempted to reconcile the conflicting data that existed on the structure of the mammalian LH/CG receptor (1). Based on our analysis of the existing data we concluded that the LH/CG receptor was composed of a single polypeptide chain. Since that review was published, complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for the LH/CG receptor from several species have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed, conclusively establishing that this receptor is indeed a single polypeptide chain (2–5). The cloning of the cDNAs for the LH/CG receptor has also generated new knowledge and experimental tools that are rapidly being used to probe novel aspects of the functions and regulation of this important receptor. Since the studies leading to the cloning of the first cDNA for the LH/CG receptor have been recently summarized (6), this review will only briefly touch on this aspect and focus mainly on what has been learned since the initial clo...
An esophageal probe for measuring three-dimensional electric fields during external cardiac defibrillation

External defibrillation is a common treatment for the cardiac arrhythmia atrial fibrillation. Electrode placement has been shown to affect defibrillation efficacy and required energy levels. We suggest investigating the relationship between esophageal electric fields (EEFs) and atrial defibrillation thresholds to determine the feasibility of creating patient-specific electrode placements using EEFs. This study presents the design and implementation of an esophageal probe (EP) that accurately measures three-dimensional electric fields. The root-mean-square error of the EP was 1.69% as determined by measurements performed in an electrolytic tank. The EP also performed well during in vivo testing in a pig. There was a strong positive relationship between EEF(2)s and applied energy during defibrillation strength shocks. The EEF measurements were also repeatable, with less than 4.24% difference between repeated shocks. This is the first description of a probe designed specifically for measuring electric fields in the esophagus.
The relation of temperature and lipid composition to cell adhesion

We have examined as a function of temperature the effect of changes in the composition of the fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids on the rate of cell to cell adhesion in the neuronal cell line B103. The rate of cell to cell adhesion in this cell line is highly temperature dependent but is not influenced by changes in the fatty acid composition of the plasma membrane generated by growing the cells either in the presence of oleic acid or elaidic acid. In contrast the temperature dependence of the rate of cell to cell adhesion, measured in a monolayer adhesion assay, is highly dependent on the shear force used during the assay. A two-step model of cell to cell adhesion involving multiple adhesion ligands is presented which can be used to explain these observations.
Multidecision Quickest Change-Point Detection: Previous Achievements and Open Problems

Abstract The following multidecision quickest detection problem, which is of importance for a variety of applications, is considered. There are N populations that are either statistically identical or where the change occurs in one of them at an unknown point in time. Alternatively, there may be N “isolated” points/hypotheses associated with a change. It is necessary to detect the change in distribution as soon as possible and indicate which population is “corrupted” or which hypothesis is true after a change occurs. Both the false alarm rate and misidentification rate should be controlled by given (usually low) levels. We discuss performance of natural multihypothesis/multipopulation generalizations of the Page and Shiryaev-Roberts procedures, including certain asymptotically optimal properties of these tests when both the false alarm and the misidentification rates are low. Specifically, we show that under certain conditions the proposed multihypothesis detection-identification procedures asymptotically...
A network model of catecholamine effects: gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and behavior

At the level of individual neurons, catecholamine release increases the responsivity of cells to excitatory and inhibitory inputs. A model of catecholamine effects in a network of neural-like elements is presented, which shows that (i) changes in the responsivity of individual elements do not affect their ability to detect a signal and ignore noise but (ii) the same changes in cell responsivity in a network of such elements do improve the signal detection performance of the network as a whole. The second result is used in a computer simulation based on principles of parallel distributed processing to account for the effect of central nervous system stimulants on the signal detection performance of human subjects.
The Impact of Personal Finance Education Delivered in High School and College Courses

This study investigates the impact of personal finance education delivered in high school and college. Outcomes of interest were investment knowledge and household savings rates measured years after the financial education was delivered. A web-based survey with questions about participation in financial education, financial experiences, income and inheritances, and demographic characteristics was administered to 1,039 alumni from a large midwestern university. Participation in a college level personal finance course was associated with higher levels of investment knowledge. Experience with financial instruments appeared to explain more of the variance in both investment knowledge and savings rates. No significant relationship between taking a high school course and investment knowledge was found. Financial experiences were found to be positively associated with savings rates.
Issues of Spatial and Temporal Variability in Climate Impact Studies

The accuracy of impact estimates relating climate change to regional-scale agricultural production is constrained by the temporal and spatial resolution of climate change projections. Several techniques have been used to compensate for these limitations in order to provide reasonable estimates of the impact of climate change on crop yield. One approach assumes that variability over time can substitute for spatial variability, thereby reducing the need to estimate the impacts at a spatially dense network of stations—an assumption that has not been generally tested. This study evaluates this assumption using methods similar to those employed in the climate impact literature. The findings suggest that current practices are generally defensible if the goal is to provide a range of possible crop responses to climate change. However, the results also show that the assumption is highly sensitive to specific interactions at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface and, consequently, does not hold under certain circums...
Sphingolipid metabolism during human platelet activation

Thrombin activation of human platelets causes release of sphingosine-1-phosphate from platelets and an increase in sphingosine levels. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is also known to potentiate platelet aggregation. Thus, these sphingolipids may serve as second messengers during platelet activation making it possible that another sphingolipid, ceramide, might play a role in platelet function. Platelets are known to contain sphingomyelinase activity and hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by this enzyme yields phosphocholine and ceramide. Since ceramide is thought to exert its effects through regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases, both of which are involved in platelet function, it is possible that ceramide produced during platelet activation could be involved in regulating signal transduction events. To investigate this possibility, potential changes in levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin in resting and thrombin-activated platelets have been evaluated. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the total mass or of radiolabeled (14C-palmitate or 14C-serine) pools of ceramide and sphingomyelin did not reveal any significant changes in the concentrations of either of these molecules during platelet activation. In addition, activation of platelets labeled with [14C-choline]-sphingomyelin did not lead to production of 14C-phosphocholine, suggesting that platelet activation did not cause sphingomyelinase to hydrolyze the [14C-choline]-sphingomyelin. Taken together, our results suggest that ceramide does not serve as a second messenger during platelet aggregation.
Thermodynamics of non-stoichiometry A model for UCx

Abstract The partial molar properties of carbon in UC x , 1·0 x 2·0, are described in terms of an f.c.c. lattice gas model in which the C2 groups attract only when they are nearest neighbours. A modified Monte Carlo method is used to calculate directly the chemical potential as a function of x and temperature. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental values of the partial molar entropy and enthalpy of carbon. The nearest neighbour interaction energy (attractive) is — 1·91 kcals mole−1 and was calculated from the critical temperature.
The Conditional in Quantum Logic

Besides the physicomathematical controversy concerning the ‘phenomenological justification’ and the specific formal structure of the calculus known as quantum logic (QL), there is a philosophical controversy concerning whether this ‘calculus of experimental propositions’ is properly speaking a logic rather than simply an algebraic structure only analogous to logic properly so called. Directly associated with this controversy is the issue of whether logic is an empirical science on the par with, e.g., physical geometry. This article is not concerned, however, with the general question of the empirical character of logic, either classical or quantal; it is rather concerned only with one seemingly decisive objection against regarding QL as logic, namely, the objection advanced by Jauch and Piron (1970, p. 176), who argue that since QL lacks an essential feature of logic — viz., a deduction scheme — it is `very questionable whether we may properly call the lattice of general quantum mechanics a logic.’ Their argument is based on what they regard to be the general failure of the lattice of QL propositions to admit a material implication connective or conditional operation by means of which the modus ponens deduction scheme can be incorporated into QL. The view of Jauch and Piron is also supported by Greechie and Gudder (1971, 1973), who examine a number of results which suggest that no reasonable material conditional exists in QL.