cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management research of strengthening budget balance of funds

With the impellent of department budget and treasury payment system reforms,the carry-over approach of the year-end balance of budget units achieved a breakthrough compared with the reform before.However,there are certain problems affecting budget implementation.The author explores the specific approaches of further strengthening the year-end fund management of the budget unit.
Synchronization of Bacterial Cultures in A Microsystem

A method is presented to size-fractionate and hence synchronize a mixed population of the rod-shaped bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AMI, which exhibit a direct relationship between length (size) and age. Preliminary studies have shown that M. extorquens AMI cells readily respond to negative and positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) and align parallel to the field vectors in a uniform AC field. When these bacteria were placed in a liquid cell medium flowing through a microfluidic channel, they were observed to interact with physical obstacles present inside the channel. A novel MEMS-based device was designed, fabricated, and tested to combine the effects of electrokinetic alignment and steric hindrance for the size-fractionation (synchronization by age) of these bacteria. The method demonstrated in this device is suitable for integration into lab-on-a-chip instrumentation for the analysis of selected metabolites and intermediates in non-spherical non-aggregating microorganisms.
Improving Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates: The CDC Experience

Article-at-a-Glance Background The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System, begun in 1970 by the Centers for Disease Control to collect data on hospital-acquired infections, is one of the oldest continuously operating clinical performance indicator systems in the United States. Growth of the system, from 19 to 230 hospitals, has been accompanied by developments such as the evolution from hospitalwide to targeted surveillance, improved data processing and telecommunications for data collection and reporting, and risk adjustment. Elements of a successful system The NNIS System provides specific, standardized methods for data collection and uses device-associated, device-day rates to risk adjust the data and make it meaningful for interhospital comparison. The system has been used as a tool for improving quality of care through prevention of nosocomial infections. For example, an 800-bed teaching hospital's rate of ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit–49.5 infections per 1,000 ventilator days–was in excess of the 90th percentile. Improvements in care, including changing tubing and cascades every 48hours and Ambu® bags every 24hours, as well as increased clinical evaluation of patients, was followed 12 months later by a decrease to 25.8 infections, well below the 90th percentile. Information dissemination Since 1992, staff from NNIS hospitals have met in a biennial conference to learn about advances in nosocomial infection surveillance and to share information with one another on infection control and quality improvement programs. Conclusions The NNIS experience can be used as a source of guidance for assessing the effectiveness and utility of other indicator systems.
[Epidemiological analysis of rubella in Beijing 100013, China].

北京市从1990年开始系统收集上报风疹发病资料，这对于预测发病趋势、调整干预措施、提高监测水平具有重要作用。本研究利用疫情资料对北京市1990-2010年风疹发病情况进行分析。 关键词：风疹；流行病学
Production of Prolonged Arterial Hypertension in Dogs by Chronic Stimulation of the Nervous System Exploration of the Mechanism of Hypertension Accompanying Increased Intracranial Pressure

We were unable to produce chronic arterial hypertension in dogs by severe cerebral ischemia induced by ligation of blood supply to the brain. Combining cerebral ischemia with the mechanical effect of a wire in the floor of the fourth ventricle and the thermal stimulus of heat generated in this wire by short wave diathermy resulted in hypertension that lasted as long as 10 months. Experiments are described which indicate that the arterial hypertension which accompanies increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure is in part the result of pressure on the brain and not entirely due to cerebral anemia.
Acceptance of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma as Medical Diagnoses

Objective To assess the current general acceptance within the medical community of shaken baby syndrome (SBS), abusive head trauma (AHT), and several alternative explanations for findings commonly seen in abused children. Study design This was a survey of physicians frequently involved in the evaluation of injured children at 10 leading children's hospitals. Physicians were asked to estimate the likelihood that subdural hematoma, severe retinal hemorrhages, and coma or death would result from several proposed mechanisms. Results Of the 1378 physicians surveyed, 682 (49.5%) responded, and 628 were included in the final sample. A large majority of respondents felt that shaking with or without impact would be likely or highly likely to result in subdural hematoma, severe retinal hemorrhages, and coma or death, and that none of the alternative theories except motor vehicle collision would result in these 3 findings. SBS and AHT were comsidered valid diagnoses by 88% and 93% of the respondents, respectively. Conclusions Our empirical data confirm that SBS and AHT are still generally accepted by physicians who frequently encounter suspected child abuse cases, and are considered likely sources of subdural hematoma, severe retinal hemorrhages, and coma or death in young children. Other than a high-velocity motor vehicle collision, no alternative theories of causation for these findings are generally accepted.
Verfall, Wandlung, Nachspiele

»Kabale und Liebe« wurde vielfach nachgeahmt, aber tragisch hat keiner der Bearbeiter den Stoff gefast (Hauffen, S. XXI). Das ist symptomatisch fur die Entwicklung des burgerliches Genres am Ausgang des Jahrhunderts. Wenn sich schon in den funfziger Jahren bgl. Tr. und ernsthaftes Lustspiel einander annaherten und dadurch der intermediaren Gattung des ruhrenden Familienschauspiels zumindest den Weg bahnten, so ist der Zug zu solchen burgerlichen Sittengemalden in den beiden letzten Jahrzehnten des 18. Jhs dominant geworden. Das Tragische des bgl. Tr., von Anfang an in Gefahr, moralisiert und sentimentalisiert zu werden*, schwacht sich nun merklich ab. Besonders augenfallig wird das im Vermeiden des unglucklichen Endes; aber in der Regel ist schon das ganze Drama im Ton auf einen solchen Schlus angelegt (Schaer, S. 7–13, 21–26; Nolte, S. 202–209; vgl. o. S. 55 zu Duschs und Buns bgl. Tr.). Das Resultat ist das burgerliche Familiengemalde, wie diese Dramen gern heisen. (Auch ein »furstliches Original-Familien-Gemalde« kommt vor: Johann Carl Wilhelm Palms »Furstengluck«, 1796, worin dem Vorwort zufolge »das hausliche Gluck eines durch Liebe begluckten Furstenpaars« geschildert wird.) Die gesellschaftskritische Scharfe des bgl. Tr. des Sturm und Drang schleift sich ab. Statt dessen stellt das Familienschauspiel die Welt des Mittelstands nicht ohne Selbstgefalligkeit dar. Ihr Wert soll sichtbar werden, den dann Hebbel als falschen Schein entlarven wird. Die Sozialgesinnung ist konservativ; der Standestaat wird nicht angetastet; man fuhlt sich an seinen gesellschaftlichen Ort gebunden; Obrigkeitstreue ist selbstverstandlich; tugendhaft-gesinnungstuchtig, manchmal deutschtumelnd, lebt man saturiert und pflichtbewust in seinem Kreis, in einer bis zum Trivialen realistisch ausgemalten geschlossenen Welt; die Ruhrungsfreudigkeit halt der Lehrhaftigkeit die Waage. Genamin gen, Iffland, Schroder und (oft mit dem Akzent des Exotischen) Kotzebue sind die Hauptautoren dieser Dramengattung der Spataufklarung. Da sie samtlich versierte Handwerker des zugkraftigen Stiickeschreibens sind, erreicht das burgerliche Drama, das nun nur noch ausnahmsweise burgerliches Trauerspiel ist, mit ihnen seine grosten Publikumserfolge, selbst im Mannheimer Nationaltheater und im Weimar Goethes und Schillers. Schillers Xenion »Shakespeares Schatten« (1797) und Goethes »Prolog zur Eroffnung des Berliner Theaters am 26. Mai 1821« haben es nicht zu Unrecht getroffen — wenn man es als literarische Leistung statt als gekonnte Unterhaltungsdramatik ernstnimmt
The Experiencing Self and the Remembering Self: Implications for Leisure Science

ABSTRACTIn this research reflection we question the way leisure experience is commonly understood and how leisure science is commonly conducted. Specifically, we focus on advances in multiple self-theory popularized by Daniel Kahneman in Thinking, Fast and Slow, an in-depth examination of human thought processes. After establishing Kahneman's foundational perspective, we apply his thinking to leisure experience and leisure science by reviewing recent scholarship focused on the “experiencing” and “remembering” selves (2000). We conclude the reflection by discussing the implications of Kahneman's thinking for the use of self-reports by leisure scientists, as well as call for greater congruence between the selves we seek to research and our selected research methods.
Optimal Taper Design for Overlapped Subarray Formation

Subarray formation is common in radar and sonar beamforming applications. Overlapped subarrays are of special interest, since they can provide additional control towards minimizing grating lobes. This paper proposes a methodology towards computing subarray tapers that optimally minimize sidelobe and grating lobe levels while providing a uniform weighting over the array. This also allows maximum flexibility for subsequent digital beamforming with multiple beams within the subarray beam mainlobe. Finally, resulting beampatterns are presented and compared with other design techniques.
Time resolved study of hydroxyl radical oxidation of oleic acid at the air-water interface

The ubiquity of oleic acid (OA) renders it a poster child for laboratory investigations of environmental oxidation chemistry. In the current study, mechanistic details of the oxidation of OA by hydroxyl radicals at the air-water interface are investigated using field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS). Products from OH oxidation of both unsaturated and saturated carbon atoms are identified, and mechanisms for both types of oxidation processes are proposed. Uptake of oxygen in the interfacial layer increases linearly with time, consistent with Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction kinetics. These results provide fundamental knowledge relating to OH initiated degradation of fatty acids in atmospheric aerosols.
Understanding the dynamics of scaffold-mediated signaling

Many signaling networks involve scaffold proteins that bind multiple kinases in kinase cascades. While scaffolds play a fundamental role in regulating signaling, few hypotheses regarding their function have been rigorously examined. Here, we used dynamical models of scaffold signaling to investigate the impact scaffolds have on network behavior. We considered two paradigms of scaffold assembly: as either the nucleation point for assembly of discrete multi-subunit proteins (the machine paradigm) or a platform upon which kinases independently associate (the ensemble paradigm). We found that several well-accepted hypotheses regarding the role of scaffolds in regulating signal response either do not hold or depend critically on the assembly paradigm employed. In addition to providing novel insights into the function of scaffold proteins, our work suggests experiments that could distinguish between assembly paradigms. Our findings should also inform attempts to target scaffold proteins for therapeutic intervention and the design of scaffolds for synthetic biology.
Using electronic medical records system to advance cancer survivorship programs.

65Background: Survivorship care is now being increasingly recognized as an important part of cancer care. The Commission on Cancer (CoC) Standard 3.3 now recommends 100% compliance in the delivery ...
U.S. Medical Malpractice: Some Data-Driven Facts

Medical malpractice has become such an insistent and important issue that it should now be considered a national debate topic. Everyone with an interest in the provision of medical care has a stake in it. It is a cause of concern, of course, to physicians and lawyers and it is also a topic of conversation engaged in by the public in general and presidential candidates in particular. The fact that we deal with images generated by machines gives us no protection or immunity from assertions of negligent care. In fact, it has been stated that unlike other specialties radiologists produce their own mistakes and store them for eternity or, at least for several years.
Mechanisms of restriction of viral gene expression during herpes simplex virus latency.

The basic biological phenomena of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in man have been described in detail for many years. At the time of primary infection, the virus replicates lytically in the peripheral tissues around the site of infection, and enters sensory nerves through the termini of axons of sensory neurons. Latent infection is established in the neurons of sensory ganglia (1); during this phase, no infectious virus can be detected. Periodically, various stimuli including stress, exposure to ultraviolet light, and hormonal changes induce reactivation and production of infectious virus. The reactivated virus then travels back to the tissues around the site of the primary infection, where it again replicates lytically, destroying cells and causing the formation of recurrent lesions.
Vaccines for Parasitic Infections

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses vaccines for parasite infections. It has been reported that in many parasitic diseases more information is required to identify those proteins that should be included in a subunit vaccine. This is especially true for those parasites having many stages with different antigens, each inducing a complex immune response. Often the required step that has proven difficult to accomplish in the past is the purification of antigens from parasites for testing. The methods of recombinant DNA technology at present allow this obstacle to be overcome readily by overexpression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems, or even to be totally by-passed using viable recombinant vectors for immunization rather than purifled antigens. One may be encouraged that in some diseases, such as malaria, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis, parasite antigens which are immunoprotective have been purified. The protection engendered, although significant, has not always been as effective as using viable parasites. In these diseases, the main challenge is to develop optimal methods of antigen presentation to induce cell-mediated and humoral immunity as necessary. Cloning of genes for these immunoprotective proteins at present allows testing of the most effective methods of presentation, which could be considered the second stage of vaccine development. The availability of live bacterial and viral vectors offers exciting possibilities for combining the advantages of live vaccines with those of single, purified antigens.
Spectroscopy of 18O: Radiative capture, 14C( alpha, gamma )18O.

The electromagnetic deexcitation of the six known $^{14}$C+\ensuremath{\alpha} resonances in the range ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$=1.7--2.7 MeV was observed with a Ge(Li) detector. Results for the branching ratios of the 7.62-, 8.04-, and 8.13-MeV $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ levels were found to be in agreement with previous measurements. Deexcitation of the 7.86-, 8.21-, and 8.28-MeV levels was observed for the first time. The radiative widths of these three (\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma}) resonances were determined. Electromagnetic transition strengths were derived for all the resonances from the gamma-ray branching ratios and the total radiative widths. A selective and enhanced E1 decay (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ W.u.) of the ${3}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ state is observed; among the available ${2}^{+}$ states lower in excitation, this ${3}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ state is observed to deexcite only to the ${2}_{3}^{+}$ state. The ${2}_{3}^{+}$ state is well understood to involve excitations of the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ core, whereas the ${2}_{2}^{+}$ and ${2}_{1}^{+}$ states arise mainly from simple two neutron (sd-shell) configurations. The relevance of the \ensuremath{\alpha}${+\mathrm{}}^{14}$C radiative capture reactions for nucleosynthesis of heavier elements, at the hadronization phase of the big bang, is discussed.
Building a theory of communication and ethnopolitical conflict

Coherent development of theories of ethnopolitical conflict has been slow and scattered. Moreover, the role of communication has been seriously neglected. I theorize ethnopolitical conflict along t...
Engineering a New Class of Anti-LacI Transcription Factors with Alternate DNA Recognition

The lactose repressor, LacI (I+YQR), is an archetypal transcription factor that has been a workhorse in many synthetic genetic networks. LacI represses gene expression (apo ligand) and is induced upon binding of the ligand isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Recently, laboratory evolution was used to confer inverted function in the native LacI topology resulting in anti-LacI (antilac) function (IAYQR), where IPTG binding results in gene suppression. Here we engineered 46 antilacs with alternate DNA binding function (IAADR). Phenotypically, IAADR transcription factors are the inverse of wild-type I+YQR function and possess alternate DNA recognition (ADR). This collection of bespoke IAADR bind orthogonally to disparate non-natural operator DNA sequences and suppress gene expression in the presence of IPTG. This new class of IAADR gene regulators were designed modularly via the systematic pairing of nine alternate allosteric regulatory cores with six alternate DNA binding domains that interact with...
Low water access as a gendered physiological stressor: Blood pressure evidence from Nepal.

OBJECTIVES The study aims to test novel proposed biocultural pathways linking the stressful lived experience of water insecurity to elevated blood pressure, a risk factor for chronic disease. Using the case of Nepal, where women have primary responsibility for managing household water, allows testing for potentially gendered mechanisms that exacerbate negative physiological consequences of water insecurity for women relative to men. METHODS Data are from the nationally representative 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), N = 8633 women and 6209 men. Multiple regression models tested effects of low household water access on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as stress biomarkers, comparing women to men. Key covariates included HFIAS food insecurity scores, household wealth class (high, medium, low), and body mass index. RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, low water access was consistently associated with higher women's systolic and diastolic blood pressure across all wealth levels. The strongest results were for the lowest wealth households, where low water access is concentrated. Higher food insecurity was also associated with higher systolic blood pressure values in women in these households. Men showed no such effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a consistent and direct association between living with water insecurity and elevated blood pressure measures. Findings support the proposition that the stress of living with water insecurity could manifest as chronic disease risk. In the Nepali case, the proposed mechanism appears highly gendered, reflecting the culturally prescribed responsibilities women particularly face for managing household water. Living with food insecurity compounds further the apparent effects.
The harmful algae, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Aureococcus anophagefferens, elicit stronger transcriptomic and mortality response in larval bivalves (Argopecten irradians) than climate change stressors.

Global ocean change threatens marine life, yet a mechanistic understanding of how organisms are affected by specific stressors is poorly understood. Here, we identify and compare the unique and common transcriptomic responses of an organism experiencing widespread fisheries declines, Argopecten irradians (bay scallop) exposed to multiple stressors including high pCO2, elevated temperature, and two species of harmful algae, Cochlodinium (aka Margalefidinium) polykrikoides and Aureococcus anophagefferens using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). After 48 hr of exposure, scallop transcriptomes revealed distinct expression profiles with larvae exposed to harmful algae (C. polykrikoides and A. anophagefferens) displaying broader responses in terms of significantly and differentially expressed (DE) transcripts (44,922 and 4,973; respectively) than larvae exposed to low pH or elevated temperature (559 and 467; respectively). Patterns of expression between larvae exposed to each harmful algal treatment were, however, strikingly different with larvae exposed to A. anophagefferens displaying large, significant declines in the expression of transcripts (n = 3,615; 87% of DE transcripts) whereas exposure to C. polykrikoides increased the abundance of transcripts, more than all other treatments combined (n = 43,668; 97% of DE transcripts). Larvae exposed to each stressor up-regulated a common set of 21 genes associated with protein synthesis, cellular metabolism, shell growth, and membrane transport. Larvae exposed to C. polykrikoides displayed large increases in antioxidant-associated transcripts, whereas acidification-exposed larvae increased abundance of transcripts associated with shell formation. After 10 days of exposure, each harmful algae caused declines in survival that were significantly greater than all other treatments. Collectively, this study reveals the common and unique transcriptional responses of bivalve larvae to stressors that promote population declines within coastal zones, providing insight into the means by which they promote mortality as well as traits possessed by bay scallops that enable potential resistance.
Bergman metrics and geodesics in the space of Kähler metrics on principally polarized abelian varieties

It is well known in Kahler geometry that the infinite-dimensional symmetric space of smooth Kahler metrics in a fixed Kahler class on a polarized Kahler manifold is well approximated by finite-dimensional submanifolds of Bergman metrics of height k. Then it is natural to ask whether geodesics in can be approximated by Bergman geodesics in . For any polarized Kahler manifold, the approximation is in the C0 topology. For some special varieties, one expects better convergence: Song and Zelditch proved the C2 convergence for the torus-invariant metrics over toric varieties. In this article, we show that some C∞ approximation exists as well as a complete asymptotic expansion for principally polarized abelian varieties.
News literacy, social media behaviors, and skepticism toward information on social media

Amid growing concerns about misinformation on social media, scholars, educators, and commentators see news literacy as a means to improve critical media consumption. We use a nationally-representat...
Significant Restrictive or Obstructive Lung Diseases are Associated with an Increased Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients on Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Purpose Despite the recent advances in Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a frequent and severe complication. A growing body of evidence suggests that the combination of hypoperfusion and hypoxia in the microcirculation may activate the angiogenesis cascade and promote the formation of arteriovenous malformations. We hypothesized that LVAD patients with concomitant significant restrictive or obstructive lung diseases may have an increased risk of GIB due to their chronic hypoxemic state. Methods We retrospectively identified 99 patients on HeartMate II LVAD support (age 54±13 y, 77% male, 36% ischemic etiology) who had a pulmonary function test (PFT) performed. Significant lung disease was defined as a moderate or severe obstructive/restrictive pattern detected during PFT and the concomitant use of inhaler therapy. GIB was defined as clinical evidence of GI bleeding and a decrease in hemoglobin of at least 1 g/dL. Results 11 patients (11%) had significant lung disease and 27 patients (27%) experienced a GIB. The risk of GIB was increased in patients with significant lung diseases (Hazard Ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.038 to 6.452). Freedom from GIB was significantly higher in patients without significant lung disease in Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure). Conclusion Significant obstructive or restrictive lung diseases were associated with an increase in the risk of GIB. Further studies on the association of tissue hypoxia and activation of the angiogenesis cascade/bleeding diathesis in LVAD patients are warranted.
Mitochondrial ubiquinol oxidation is necessary for tumour growth.

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is necessary for tumour growth1–6 and its inhibition has demonstrated anti-tumour efficacy in combination with targeted therapies7–9. Furthermore, human brain and lung tumours display robust glucose oxidation by mitochondria10,11. However, it is unclear why a functional ETC is necessary for tumour growth in vivo. ETC function is coupled to the generation of ATP—that is, oxidative phosphorylation and the production of metabolites by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Mitochondrial complexes I and II donate electrons to ubiquinone, resulting in the generation of ubiquinol and the regeneration of the NAD+ and FAD cofactors, and complex III oxidizes ubiquinol back to ubiquinone, which also serves as an electron acceptor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)—an enzyme necessary for de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Here we show impaired tumour growth in cancer cells that lack mitochondrial complex III. This phenotype was rescued by ectopic expression of Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX)12, which also oxidizes ubiquinol to ubiquinone. Loss of mitochondrial complex I, II or DHODH diminished the tumour growth of AOX-expressing cancer cells deficient in mitochondrial complex III, which highlights the necessity of ubiquinone as an electron acceptor for tumour growth. Cancer cells that lack mitochondrial complex III but can regenerate NAD+ by expression of the NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbNOX)13 targeted to the mitochondria or cytosol were still unable to grow tumours. This suggests that regeneration of NAD+ is not sufficient to drive tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that tumour growth requires the ETC to oxidize ubiquinol, which is essential to drive the oxidative TCA cycle and DHODH activity. Oxidation of ubiquinol by the mitochondrial electron transfer chain drives tumour growth by maintaining the function of the oxidative Krebs cycle and de novo pyrimidine synthesis.
Laser sensing of atmospheric turbulence

An experimental validation of the differential image motion (DIM) lidar concept for measuring Cn2 is reviewed. The field validation was performed by building a hard-target analog of the DIM lidar and testing it against a conventional scintillometers on a 300 m horizontal path, throughout a range of turbulence conditions. The test results supported the concept and confirmed that the structure characteristic Cn2 can be accurately measured with this method. A practical method is described for extending the validation technique to vertical profiles of Cn2.
Rules, Commands and Principles in the Administrative State

In the theory of the administrative state, a central thread of debate has involved the effect of increasing economic and social complexity on the form of legal instruments. Drawing upon work by Pound, Schmitt and Dworkin, I show that the first two both assumed that the administrative state would increasingly abandon general rules in favor of ad hoc administrative commands — a development that the early Pound welcomed but that Schmitt feared. Ronald Dworkin, by contrast, predicted that the increasing complexity of the modern state would produce ever-greater reliance on relatively abstract legal principles rather than either rules or ad hoc commands. Dworkin’s prediction has largely been borne out in administrative law, particularly the law of judicial review of agency action. That body of law has developed over time by turning to abstract and general principles of rationality and procedural validity to maintain the public edifice of legality.
Programmable omni-resonance using space-time fields

Omni-resonant wave packets are pulsed optical beams that couple to planar cavities even when the wave packet bandwidth far exceeds the cavity resonant linewidth by virtue of a precise spatiotemporal structure introduced into the optical field. We demonstrate experimentally the synthesis of programmable omni-resonant wave packets in which a prescribed pulse spectrum is made to resonate with a planar cavity. Examples include controllable-bandwidth resonant spectral lines, spectral holes with tunable notch bandwidth, and even arbitrary resonant spectra. These novel resonant interactions are realized with no changes made to the cavity itself, and therefore, without compromising its quality factor—only sculpting the spatiotemporal spectrum of the incident field is required. Programmable omni-resonance allows harnessing resonant field enhancements over arbitrary spectral profiles without restriction to traditionally narrow resonant linewidths.
Grit and the Fierce Urgency of Now

In the previous issue of this journal, National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) Past-President Jerry Mitchell characterized himself and geography teachers across the county as having a very...
Ejaculatory Function Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Ejaculatory dysfunction after prostate radiation therapy is an important quality of life issue with limited management options. Given the high biologically effective doses (BEDs) that are delivered with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), ejaculatory dysfunction may be more common and/or more severe than with alternative external beam approaches. The purpose of this study is to evaluate ejaculatory preservation following SBRT for prostate cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS 231 patients on a prospective quality of life study (IRB#: 2009-510) with baseline ejaculatory capacity treated with prostate SBRT at a single institution from 2013 to 2019 were included in this analysis. Ejaculatory function was assessed via the validated Ejaculation Scale (ES-8) from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (Rosen RC et al, 2004). ES-8 scores range from 3 - 40 with lower values representing increased interference or annoyance. The ES-8 includes questions about ejaculate volume, ejaculatory pain, and bother. Patients completed the questionnaire on the first day of treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-SBRT. Elderly patients (Age > 70) and those who received hormonal therapy were excluded from this analysis. All patients were treated to 35-36.25 Gy in 5 fractions delivered with a frameless robotic radiosurgery system. Data analysis was performed using XLStat. Minimally important differences (MID) were calculated by obtaining half the standard deviation at time of start of treatment. RESULTS Mean age at treatment was 64.2 years. Minimum follow-up was 24 months. Mean composite ES-8 scores showed a decline in the first month following treatment then stabilized: 30.3 (baseline); 26.7 (1 month); 27.6 (3 month); 26.9 (6 month); 26.0 (9 month); 25.4 (12 month); 25.0 (18 month) and 25.3 (24 month). The decline from baseline to one month was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). A clinically significant decrease (MID = 3.5) was achieved at 1 month (-3.6) and from 9 months (-4.3) through 24 months (-4.9). Ejaculate volume was statistically significantly reduced at all time points post-SBRT. Ejaculate volume reduction was clinically significant (MID = 0.57) from 6-24 months post SBRT. There was a clinically significant increase (MID = 0.53) in pain with ejaculation at 1-month (-0.67), 9-months (-0.63), and 12-months (-0.59). Prior to treatment, 7.6% of men reported that they were very to extremely bothered by their ejaculatory dysfunction. This was significantly increased to 14.5% at one-year (P = 0.01) and to 10.6% at 18-months (P = 0.048) post-SBRT. CONCLUSION Men undergoing SBRT monotherapy for prostate cancer have a small decline in their overall ejaculatory function from baseline to one-month post-treatment, but stable function thereafter. Bother with ejaculation peaked at one year then slowly declined. Longer follow-up is required to confirm the durability of these findings.
Cryosurgery of cutaneous carcinomas: An 18-year study of 3,022 patients with 4,228 carcinomas

In the past 18 years, 3,022 patients with a combined total of 4,228 cutaneous carcinomas were subjected to cryosurgery. Proper selection of patients, histologic type of the tumor, and its anatomic site are important considerations to determine the use of cryosurgery as a therapeutic modality. Indications and contraindications are precisely outlined and the importance of monitoring neoplasms during freezing is emphasized. A long period of follow-up in this series is supportive evidence that cryosurgery is a distinct therapeutic tool for the management of skin cancers and attests to its effectiveness, when properly administered by the skilled cryosurgeon.
Additional sex combs-like family genes are required for normal cardiovascular development

Summary Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. However, the majority of CHD cases have unknown etiology. Here we report the identification of ASXL2 and ASXL1, two homologous chromatin factors, as novel regulators of heart development. Asxl2−/− fetuses have reduced body weight and display congenital heart malformations including thickened compact myocardium in the left ventricle, membranous ventricular septal defect, and atrioventricular valval stenosis. Although most Asxl2−/− animals survive to term, the neonates have patent ductus arteriosus and consequent lung hemorrhage and die soon after birth. Asxl1−/− fetuses have reduced body weight and display cleft palate, anophthalmia as well as ventricular septal defects and a failure in lung maturation. From these results, we conclude that normal heart development requires both ASXL proteins. In particular, ASXL2 plays an important role in heart morphogenesis and the transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. genesis 52:671–686, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PRECONTRACTUAL INFORMATION ASYMMETRY BETWEEN PRINCIPAL AND AGENT The Continuous Case

Abstract In the presence of precontractual information asymmetry between principal and risk-neutral agent, the optimal strategy for the principal will be to deliberately induce outcomes which are ex post Pareto inefficient, except under rare circumstances.
The Saturated Self Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life

* The Self Under Siege * From the Romantic to the Modern Vision of Self * Social Saturation and the Populated Self * Truth in Trouble * The Emergence of Postmodern Culture * From Self to Relationship * A Collage of Postmodern Life * Self-Renewal and Sincerity * Reckoning and Relativity
Intelligent Agent Approach to the Control of Critical Infrastructure Networks

In this paper we propose an intelligent agent approach to control the electric power grid at a smaller granularity in order to give it self-healing capabilities. We develop a method using the influence model to transform transmission substations into information processing, analyzing and decision making (intelligent behavior) units. We also develop a wireless communication method to deliver real-time uncorrupted information to an intelligent controller in a power system environment. A combined networking and information theoretic approach is adopted in meeting both the delay and error probability requirements. We use a mobile agent approach in optimizing the achievable information rate vector and in the distribution of rates to users (sensors). We developed the concept and the quantitative tools require in the creation of cooperating semiautonomous subsystems which puts the electric grid on the path towards intelligent and self-healing system. Keywords—Mobile agent, power system operation and control, real time, wireless communication.
Humans and Other Political Animals in Aristotle's History of Animals

L'A. etudie la conception zoologique de l'expression zoon politikon dans la «Politique» et l'«Histoire des animaux» d'Aristote. La double signification accordee a l'animal politique revele le lien theorique qui articule l'oeuvre biologique et l'oeuvre politique d'Aristote. L'A. en tire les consequences du point de vue de la sociabilite de l'homme
Subfossil leaves reveal a new upland hardwood component of the pre-European Piedmont landscape,Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Widespread deforestation, agriculture, and construction of milldams by European settlers greatly influenced valley-bottom stream morphology and riparian vegetation in the northeastern USA. The former broad, tussock-sedge wetlands with small, anastomosing channels were converted into today’s incised, meandering streams with unstable banks that support mostly weedy, invasive vegetation. Vast accumulations of fine-grained “legacy” sediments that blanket the regional valley-bottom Piedmont landscape now are being reworked from stream banks, significantly impairing the ecological health of downstream water bodies, most notably the Chesapeake Bay. However, potential restoration is impaired by lack of direct knowledge of the pre-settlement riparian and upslope floral ecosystems. We studied the subfossil leaf flora of Denlingers Mill, an obsolete (breached) milldam site in southeastern Pennsylvania that exhibits a modern secondary forest growing atop thin soils, above bedrock outcrops immediately adjacent to a modified, incised stream channel. Presumably, an overhanging old-growth forest also existed on this substrate until the early 1700s and was responsible for depositing exceptionally preserved, minimally transported subfossil leaves into hydric soil strata, which immediately underlie post-European settlement legacy sediments. We interpret the eleven identified species of the subfossil assemblage to primarily represent a previously unknown, upland Red Oak-American Beech mixed hardwood forest. Some elements also appear to belong to a valley-margin Red Maple-Black Ash swamp forest, consistent with preliminary data from a nearby site. Thus, our results add significantly to a more complete understanding of the pre-European settlement landscape, especially of the hardwood tree flora. Compared with the modern forest, it is apparent that both lowland and upslope forests in the region have been modified significantly by historical activities. Our study underscores that generally overlooked subfossil leaves can provide important, local, temporally constrained paleoecological data, with much potential value in this case for stream and wetland restoration decisions in the mid-Atlantic region.
Women Lawyers before the Supreme Court of Canada

Abstract. Recent work by Szmer, Sarver, and Kaheny ( 2010 ) exploring US Supreme Court decision making has suggested that lawyer gender might play a role in influencing judicial voting behaviour. Specifically, while women lawyers were not revealed to have a more difficult time winning cases before the US Supreme Court, the study did suggest they face a tougher challenge in gaining support from the more conservative justices on that bench. Here, we test whether women lawyers face similar challenges before the SCC. Our findings do not reveal any disadvantage for litigation teams with larger proportions of women and, in most instances, such teams have an advantage. Specifically, in our model of civil rights and liberties votes, litigation team gender had no bearing on individual SCC justice decisions. However, in a pooled model of all issues combined and in separate models of criminal and economic votes, SCC justices were more likely to side with litigation teams with larger proportions of women lawyers. Resume. Une etude recente de Szmer, Sarver et Kaheny ( 2010 ) explore la maniere dont la Cour supreme des Etats-Unis prend ses decisions, suggerant que le sexe des avocats pourrait avoir une influence sur le comportement decisionnel des juges. Plus specifiquement, bien que les avocates n'aient pas plus de difficulte que leurs collegues masculins a gagner leurs proces a la Cour supreme des Etats-Unis, l'etude suggere que leur plus grand defi est d'obtenir le soutien des juges plus traditionnels de cette cour. Dans le present article, nous cherchons a determiner si les avocates canadiennes font face a un defi semblable a la Cour supreme du Canada. Les resultats de notre etude ne revelent aucun desavantage pour les equipes d'avocats comprenant plus de femmes et dans la plupart des cas, ces equipes beneficient meme d'un avantage. Plus precisement, dans notre modele decisionnel en matiere de droits et libertes civiles, le sexe des membres des equipes d'avocats n'avait aucune incidence sur les decisions individuelles des juges de la Cour supreme du Canada. Cependant, dans un modele commun reunissant tous les types de dossiers et dans des modeles separes pour les decisions sur des dossiers criminels et financiers, les juges de la Cour supreme du Canada etaient plus enclins a prendre parti pour des equipes comportant une plus grande proportion d'avocates.
Case study in self-modification: Suppression of inflammatory scratching while awake and asleep☆

Abstract Self-directed modification programs are of increasing interest, and can be of use even in rather serious conditions. The subject of the case reported here maximized the self-direction, since she designed, maintained and terminated her own treatment, using only brief non-professional consultation. The young woman suffered from a neurodermatitis of 17 yr duration. Scratching her limbs while awake and asleep inflamed and infected her skin. A 20-day contingency program reduced scratching to zero, and eliminated itching. Eighteen-month follow-up revealed two brief recurrences, quickly suppressed by reinstitution of the self-modification program. She is currently asymptomatic.
The Foundations of Islamic Society as Expressed by the Qur'anic Term mawlā

This article posits that the Qur'anic term mawlā (pl. mawālī) is crucial for understanding the foundations of the Islamic community; the term designates those bonds of help and cooperation that united the earliest umma as a functional faith community. To demonstrate the significance of the term mawlā in the Qur'an, this article combines two distinct methodologies. First, it shows how the word mawlā relates to other variations of the Arabic root w-l-y in the Qur'an, thus situating the term into a wider semantic network. Second, it shows that attestations of the term mawlā/mawālī form a coherent discourse about communal identity construction. This discourse culminates in Q. 33:5, which declares but if you do not know their fathers, [they are] your brothers in religion and your mawālī. When read in context, this verse reveals a connection between the term mawlā and host of pivotal ideas, including the Qur'anic concept of Law, the proper use of language, and the role of genealogy in structuring the umma. Henc...
Magnetic circular dichroism study of a dicobalt(II) complex with mixed 5- and 6-coordination: a spectroscopic model for dicobalt(II) hydrolases.

The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) study of [Co2(μ-OH)(μ-Ph4DBA)(TMEDA)2(OTf)], in which Ph4DBA is the dinucleating bis(carboxylate) ligand dibenzofuran-4,6-bis(diphenylacetate) and TMEDA is N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, is presented. This complex serves as an excellent spectroscopic model for a number of dicobalt(II) enzymes and proteins that have both the μ-hydroxo, μ-carboxylato bridging and asymmetric 6- and 5-coordination. The low-temperature MCD spectrum of the model complex shows bands at 490, 504, and 934 nm arising from d-d transitions on the 6-coordinate CoII and bands at 471, 522, 572, 594, and 638 nm arising from d-d transitions on the 5-coordinate CoII. The most intense MCD bands are at 504 and 572 nm for 6- and 5-coordinate CoII, respectively, and these two bands are found in the MCD spectra of dicobalt(II)-substituted methionine aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (CoCoMetAP), glycerophosphodiesterase from Enterobacter aerogenes (CoCoGpdQ), aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteoly...
Auditory weather reports: demonstrating listener comprehension of five concurrent variables

Displaying multiple variables or data sets within a single sonification has been identified as a challenge for the field of auditory display research. We discuss our recent study that evaluates the usability of a sonification that contains multiple variables presented in a way that encouraged perception across multiple auditory streams. We measured listener comprehension of weather sonifications that include the variables of temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and cloud cover. Listeners could accurately identify trends in five concurrent variables presented together in a single sonification. This demonstrates that it is indeed possible to include multiple variables together within an auditory stream and thus a greater number of variables within a sonification.
Hoarding in the Panic of 1907

The panic of 1907 witnessed a premium upon money in New York lasting two months and rising as high as 4 per cent., 290–293.—The extent of hoarding on the part of the public is roughly indicated by the amount of money that disappeared from the banks, 293; and by the number of safe deposit boxes rented in New York and other cities, 294–296.—The banks of the South and West aggravated the situation by accumulating abnormal reserves, 296–299.
Applying Color Names to Image Description

Photometric invariance is a desired property for color image descriptors. It ensures that the description has a certain robustness with respect to scene incidental variations such as changes in viewpoint, object orientation, and illuminant color. A drawback of photometric invariance is that the discriminative power of the description reduces while increasing the photometric invariance. In this paper, we look into the use of color names for the purpose of image description. Color names are linguistic labels that humans attach to colors. They display a certain amount of photometric invariance, and as an additional advantage allow the description of the achromatic colors, which are undistinguishable in a photometric invariant representation. Experiments on an image classification task show that color description based on color names outperforms description based on photometric invariants.
Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of the 2-(2-adamantoxysulfonyl)-, , -trimethylethanaminium (2-adamantyl [2]betylate)

Abstract Despite the remote positive charge within the leaving group, the specific rates of solvolysis at 25.0°C of the 2-(2-adamantoxysulfonyl)- N , N , N ,-trimethylethanaminium ion (2AdOSO 2 CH 2 CH 2 NMe 3 + ,1) in 28 pure and mixed hydroxylic solvents have been found to correlate, in a linear free energy relationship plot, very well with Y OTs values (slope of 1.032, correlation coefficient of 0.991). In 50% ethanol, the specific rates of solvolysis are virtually identical for 1 and 2-adamantyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate; for substitution in the methyl of the enthanesulfonate leaving group, one NMe 3 + group has the same influence as three fluorine atoms.