cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis A: the vaccine dividend.

The disease we recognize today as hepatitis A had been proven many decades ago to be transmitted by the fecal-oral route and had been classified loosely as "infectious," in contrast to "serum," hepatitis before the viral agent, hepatitis A virus (HAV), was visualized in 1973 [1]. Within half a decade, HAV had been cultivated in vitro, and a prototype vaccine was developed [2, 3]. During the early 1990s, large-scale clinical trials proved the efficacy and safety of hepatitis A vaccines [4, 5], and, by 1995, the first hepatitis A vaccine was licensed. Initially, the vaccine was targeted at groups at high risk for infection [6], which reduced the annual incidence of reported new cases from ~12/ 100,000 population (ranging cyclically between -9/100,000 and 14/100,000) before vaccination to as low as ~ 7/ 100,000 population by 1999. Implementation of this vaccination policy initiated a progressive, decade-long reduction in the annual incidence of new cases that was acceler-
A modified mouse liver chromatin preparation displaying age-related differences in salt dissociation and template ability

Abstract 1. Chromatin was prepared from purified nuclei isolated from the livers of mice of different ages. The chromatin was of a molecular weight greater than 5 · 10 6 , and all protein contained in the chromatin was bound to the DNA. 2. No age-related changes in the overall DNA and protein content were demonstrated. However, with increasing age, the composition of the protein component of chromatin shifted toward a greater proportion of histone relative to nonhistone. In addition, the RNA content of chromatin was found to decrease with increasing age of the animal. The facility for removal of protein and increase in template ability observed when the chromatin is exposed to high ionic strengths diminishes with increasing age. However, at all ages studies, both the salt-induced removal of protein and activation in template ability of the chromatin occur in a biphasic manner.
Complexation of neptunium(V) by salicylate, phthalate and citrate ligands in a pH 7.5 phosphate buffered system

Abstract Conditional stability constants, enthalpies and entropies of complexation at pH 7.5 and ionic strength 0.1 have been determined for neptunium(V) complexes of phosphate, salicylate, phthalate and citrate. Phosphate forms a complex with log β = 2.36 ± 0.42 at 25°C, ΔH°c = − 69.9 kJ/mole and ΔS°c = − 188 J/mole-K. At pH 7.5 salicylate does not form a complex with neptunium(V) due to the low charge density of the NpO2+ ion and incomplete ionization of the salicylate ion. Phthalate forms a complex with log β = 3.43 ± 0.33 at 25°C, ΔH°c = 33.5 kJ/mole and ΔS°c = 182 J/mole-K. Citrate forms a complex with log β = 4.84 ± 0.72 at 25°C, ΔH°c = 14.0 kJ/mole and ΔS°c = 140 J/mole-K. In all cases, only 1:1 complexes were identified.
Discretization Techniques Based on Domain Decomposition

This chapter concerns domain decomposition methods as discretization techniques for partial differential equations. We present different approaches within the framework of mortar methods [BMP93, BMP94]. Originally introduced as a domain decomposition method for the coupling of spectral elements, these techniques are used in a large class of nonconforming situations. Thus, the coupling of different physical models, discretization schemes, or non-matching triangulations along interior interfaces of the domain can be analyzed by mortar methods. These domain decomposition techniques provide a more flexible approach than standard conforming formulations. They are of special interest for time dependent problems, rotating geometries, diffusion coefficients with jumps, problems with local anisotropies, corner singularities, and when different terms dominate in different regions of the simulation domain. Very often heterogeneous problems can be decomposed into homogeneous subproblems for which efficient discretization techniques are available. To obtain a stable and optimal discretization scheme for the global problem, the information transfer and the communication between the subdomains is of crucial importance; see Fig. 1.1.
Fostering Awareness through Transmediation: Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Critical Engagement with Multicultural Literature.

Research has extolled the potential of transmediation in expanding learners' analytical and critical insight. However, this approach requires teachers prepared to employ this multimodal way of knowing. This study examines the impact of transmediation course experiences on pre-service teachers' comprehension of and critical engagement with multicultural children's literature, particularly in relation to multicultural awareness and social justice; their instructional planning; and their intended practice. Findings suggest presenting and supporting transmediation as a critical literacy approach can have a powerful effect on pre-service teachers' understanding of texts, on their sensitivity to diversity issues, and on their beliefs about teaching and learning.
Priesthood and Ministry in the Theology of Luther

At the Diet of Augsburg in 1530 Philip Melanchthon advised against discussion of the priesthood of all believers, relegating it to the “odious and unessential articles which are commonly debated in the schools.” In the Augsburg Confession , which had already been finished and read when he gave this judgment, the doctrine is passed over in silence. But Protestant tradition has not followed Melanchthon in this respect. The priesthood of all believers has come to be regarded, along with Biblical authority and salvation by faith, as one of the three main points of evangelical theology. Like the other two, however, it has not always been interpreted in the same way, nor taken as seriously in practice as in theory. All too often it has become a dead letter in a clergy-dominated institution. And where it has come alive again, it has been used to support a bewildering variety of practices, such as Congregational polity, the Quaker meeting, Pietistic ecclesiolae , and the Methodist commissioning of lay preachers. Sometimes, again, it has become associated with such slogans as “the right of private judgment” or “immediate access to God,” and interpreted so individualistically that any institutional or corporate expression of it becomes unthinkable. Finally, it is perhaps not superfluous to point out that the “royal priesthood” is not a Protestant invention, but a Biblical category, which had an interesting history before Luther and has never been wholly neglected in the “Catholic” tradition. This fact, too, complicates the problems of interpretation.
Asymmetric accelerated thermal cycles: an alternative approach to accelerated reliability assessment of microelectronic packages

This work uses MicroBGA assemblies on an organic substrate to compare different symmetric and asymmetric accelerated thermal cycles (ATCs) using numerical simulations and experimental measurements. This work has developed several finite-element models: a 2D plane strain model, a generalized plane deformation (GPD) model, and a 3D quarter symmetry model, with different solder constitutive models: bi-linear kinematic hardening, multilinear kinematic hardening with power-law creep, and Anand's viscoplastic model. The symmetric cycles examined in this work are: (a) 125/spl deg/C to -40/spl deg/C with ten-minute dwell each at 125/spl deg/C and -40/spl deg/C, and (b) 150/spl deg/C to -65/spl deg/C with ten-minute dwell each at 150/spl deg/C and -65/spl deg/C. The asymmetric cycles examined are: (c) 150/spl deg/C to -65/spl deg/C with a ten-minute dwell at 150/spl deg/C and a five-minute dwell at -65/spl deg/C and (d) 150/spl deg/C to -65/spl deg/C with a ten-minute dwell at 150/spl deg/C and a three-minute dwell at -65/spl deg/C. Transient thermal analysis has been done to ensure that the components reach a steady-state temperature, when the dwell time is reduced. The numerical simulations show that there is little difference in the predicted number of cycles to failure, between symmetric and asymmetric cycles, and the experimental data agrees with the predictions by the numerical models.
Exit asymptotics for small diffusion about an unstable equilibrium

A dynamical system perturbed by white noise in a neighborhood of an unstable fixed point is considered. We obtain the exit asymptotics in the limit of vanishing noise intensity. This is a refinement of a result by Kifer (1981).
The Role of Organized Activities in Facilitating Social Adaptation across the Transition to College.

This prospective study examined the relations between organized activity involvement, loneliness, and friendship quality across the transition to college. In all, 85 adolescents (54 females and 31 ...
A near optimal coder for image geometry with adaptive partitioning

In this paper, we present a new framework to compress the geometry of images. This framework generalizes the standard quad partitioning approaches in compression of image geometry (e.g. wedgelet) in two ways. First, we employ an adaptive rectangular partitioning rather than quadratic partitioning. Second, our coder uses an overcomplete collection of (stripe-like) atoms which contains wedgelets as a special case. We present an information-theoretical analysis based on Kolmogorov's e- entropy to show that this collection provides a near-optimal representation of a class of cartoon images with piecewise polynomial boundaries. Furthermore, we develop a provably near-optimal greedy algorithm that significantly reduces the complexity of the exhaustive search method required to achieve the entropy bound. Simulation results for the rate distortion shows a 1.5-2 dB improvement over the standard wedgelets for the "Cameraman" image.
Writing and Spelling Development: Impact of Liliana Tolchinsky’s Research Over 30 Years

Over 30 years of research conducted by Liliana Tolchinsky on writing and spelling development had a major impact on how we view writing as a separate legitimate field of study and just not a reproduction of speech nor the other side of reading. Additionally, her research also influenced how we view writing and spelling development in children, that children have a general sense of writing long before formal instruction begins and their analyses of writing and spelling provide an insight to develop a model for cognitive development. Based on her seminal work, we have examined writing development from phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives, spelling performance among monolingual and bilingual children, intervention programs, and literacy development and problems from the perspectives of Simple View of Reading (SVR). This chapter is an attempt to consolidate those findings.
Plastic Dual Potential for Metals and Application to Minimum Plastic Work Path Calculations

In this work, an equation that defines the dual potential for plastically deforming metals is proposed. This potential can be identified with the work effective strain rate. The particular case of an isotropic FCC polycrystal is examined but extension to the case of anisotropic materials is outlined. Associated with a work-hardening curve, this equation completely describes the plastic behavior of metals. This definition is extremely useful for the calculation of minimum plastic work path, as illustrated by pure shear and simple shear cases.
Photoperiod-Dependent Oviposition Rhythm in Crambus teterrellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae)

Significant oviposition increases in the bluegrass webworm, Crambus teterrellus (Zincken), were stimulated directly by light-dark transitions during different artificial photoperiods. Oviposition was arhythmic in constant darkness. Recordings were taken from individually caged females.
The Precipitin Reactions of Extracts of Various Animal Parasites.

In his review (1913) of the serum diagnosis in echinococcus disease Weinberg1 gives a table of the results then at hand of precipitin tests of echinococcus protein. More recently Bryce, Kellaway and Williams2 studied the precipitin reaction that may occur when the serum of patients with echinococcus disease is brought into contact with hydatid fluid. Beckwith and Scott3 report that about one-half of the guinea-pigs which received intraperitoneal injections with the fluid from cysts of Cysticercus tenuicollis (sheep, hog) gave evidence of specific preciptin in the blood. As the guinea-pig is regarded as a poor precipitin producer it would be of interest to repeat this experiment with rabbits. A detailed review of the work on complement fixation, intradermal and other reactions which are used chiefly for diagnostic purposes in echinococcus disease, is not indicated at this time. The results appear to be harmony with the laws that govern immune reactions generally.
Weber's theory of the kernleiter

The potential distribution about a kernleiter is determined according to Weber's method. It is shown that the distribution reduces to the solution of a telegrapher's equation when the volume of the external medium is small. The velocity of propagation as a function of the external volume is determined approximately. This involves the solution of the equation % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8Lq0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xfbpdbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaada% WadaqaaiaadMfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccaGGOaWexLMBb50u% jbqeguuDJXwAKbacfiGae83AaSMaeqOVdGNae8xkaKcacaGLBbGaay% zxaaWaaWbaaSqabeaakiadacUHYaIOaaaabaWaamWaaeaacaWGkbWa% aSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiab-TgaRjabe67a4jab-LcaPa% Gaay5waiaaw2faamaaCaaaleqabaGccWaGGBOmGikaaaaacqGH9aqp% daWcaaqaamaadmaabaGaeqOVdG3aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaWGHb% aaaOGaamywamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaacIcacqaH+oaEcqWF% PaqkaiaawUfacaGLDbaadaahaaWcbeqaaOGamai4gkdiIcaaaeaada% Wadaqaaiabe67a4naaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaamyyaaaakiaadQea% daWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccaGGOaGaeqOVdGNae8xkaKcacaGLBb% GaayzxaaWaaWbaaSqabeaakiadacUHYaIOaaaaaaaa!6FA0! $$\frac{{\left[ {Y_0 (k\xi )} \right]^\prime }}{{\left[ {J_0 (k\xi )} \right]^\prime }} = \frac{{\left[ {\xi ^{ - a} Y_0 (\xi )} \right]^\prime }}{{\left[ {\xi ^{ - a} J_0 (\xi )} \right]^\prime }}$$ whereY 0 andJ 0 are bessel functions, and roots of this equation are tabulated. The velocities thus found reduce to Lillie's values determined experimentally on the iron wire when the conducting medium is small. Deviations from these values are predicted for larger volumes.
Neues aus der Paläoneurologie

Die Fortschritte palaontologischer Hirnforschung werden dargestellt an Hand einiger neuer Ergebnisse, welche die verschiedenen Moglichkeiten dieser Art Forschung illustrieren.
Grain Protectants for Seed Corn: Field Test

Water emulsions of pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, malathion, and a diatomaceous dust impregnated with malathion were tested as protectants of seed corn in commercial marketing channels. Indigenous infestations of foreign grain beetles, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Angoumois grain moths, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), Oryzaephilus spp., Cryptolestes spp., Trogoderma spp., and Tribolium spp. were present in all exposure areas. At the doses used, the general order of effectiveness of the emulsion sprays was pirimiphos methyl > chlor-pyrifos-methyl > fenitrothion > malathion > untreated check. The malathion-diatomaceous earth (M + K) dust was very effective, but its abrasive quality (largely from SiO2 content) damages all types of machinery used in commercial seed handling and farm planters.
Analysis of Detection Results of HIV and Syphilis among Drug Addicts in Huadu District, Guangzhou

Objective To understand the prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among drug addicts in Huadu District,Guangzhou. Method 601 serum samples of the drug addicts were collected in the drug therapy institute for screening from July to November in 2005. Result The positive rate of HIV and syphilis were 1.5% and 10.82%, respectively. The positive rates of HIV between genders had no difference. The positive rate of syphilis of woman was significantly hgiher than that of man. Conclusion The precaution and interference measures should continously implemented among the drug addicts to prevent the spread of HIV and syphilis infection.
POSTSCRIPT: CHOOSING A STATISTIC

This chapter discusses four different types of statistics: (1) the t test, it explains the difference between means and matched-pair t tests, (2) the correlation, (3) the analysis of variance and related indices of degree of relationship: omega-squared and the intraclass correlation coefficient, and (4) the chi-square and related indices of degree of relationship: phi coefficient and Cramer's phi. The chapter describes each statistic and explains when the each statistic should be used. The focal point in the decisions to choose each statistics is whether the variables are dichotomous, narrowly ranging, or wide ranging. A dichotomous independent variable and a continuous or wide-ranging dependent variable, a t test, are used to draw a conclusion about whether the variables are related, and a point biserial is used for an index of the degree of relationship between the variables. If both the variables are dichotomous variables, a chi-square is used to draw a conclusion about whether the variables are related and the computed chi-square value is converted to a phi-coefficient for an index of degree of relationship.
Legislative socialization and interbranch rivalry: Consequences of divided party government

This article tests the hypothesis that members of Congress are socialized into certain attitudes concerning interbranch comity or rivalry early during their tenures in office. Specifically, utilizing a multivariate regression model, we test the claim made by several scholars and former presidents that members who initially serve in Congress under a president of the other party will be less likely than their colleagues to support subsequent presidents of their own party. Our findings provide little support for a "socialized to opposition" mentality and, in fact, indicate that members socialized under an opposition president are modestly more amenable to leadership from presidents of their own party.
Acute Aortic Dissection Presenting as Bilateral Lower Extremity Paralysis: A Case Report.

Abstract Background First described by Morgagni in 1761, aortic dissection (AD) is an acute life-threatening and time-sensitive disease process with an increasing mortality approaching 1% for every 1-hour delay in diagnosis within the first 48 hours. Despite continued surgical advancement, overall in-hospital mortality remains significant (27.4%). Case Report A 56-year-old woman presented to an outlying emergency department with a complaint of isolated lumbar pain associated with right lower extremity paresthesia and paralysis that progressed to the left. Her medical history and a review of symptoms were significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tobacco abuse. The initial evaluation in the emergency department included laboratory values and a computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine that revealed minimal disease. After transfer to our tertiary care center for an emergent magnetic resonance imaging scan of the lumbar spine, her vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 176/84 mm Hg; heart rate, 76 beats/min; respiratory rate, 24 breaths/min; afebrile; and oxygen saturation 98% on room air. A repeat examination revealed cold extremities with mottling, bilateral symmetric lower extremity flaccid paralysis, and a loss of pulses and reflexes. She was insensate below the T10 dermatome. Her upper extremities and cranial nerves were normal. She underwent computed tomography angiography, revealing an extensive Stanford type A AD with interim thrombus formation. After successful endograft stenting, she died 24 hours later. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Comprising
Infant CT-Dilated Ventricles and Learning Disorders

The risk of developing learning disability at school age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants showing dilated lateral ventricles on CT at postconceptual age of 40 weeks was evaluated at Akita School of Medicine, Japan.
The Impact of Personal Characteristics on Contraceptive Choices and Use Over 5 years

Worldwide, there is an unintended pregnancy rate of 40%. That rate is higher in some areas, such as in the United States—where it is nearly 50%. These pregnancies have potentially negative outcomes for the mother and child that include health, economic, social, and psychological aspects. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are highly reliable methods for family planning. Identifying personal characteristics associated with choosing LARCs will better address the unintended pregnancy rates. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate characteristics of adolescents and women at high risk for unintended pregnancies by (a) describing the use of a LARC and selected personal characteristics for the years 2009 and 2014 and (b) exploring relationships among LARC choice and selected personal characteristics of clients seeking family planning services. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 268 randomly selected records, half of which were each from the years 2009 and 2014. One Midwestern U...
Development of a Patient‐centered Outcome Measure for Emergency Department Asthma Patients

Background Measuring outcomes of emergency care is of key importance, but current metrics, such as 72-hour return visit rates, are subject to ascertainment bias, incentivize overtesting and overtreatment at initial visit, and do not reflect the full burden of disease and morbidity experienced at home following ED care. There is increasing emphasis on including patient-reported outcomes, but the existing patient-reported measures have limited applicability to emergency care. Objective The objective was to identify concepts for inclusion in a patient-reported outcome measure for ED care and assess differences in potential concepts by health literacy. Methods A three-phase qualitative study was completed using freelisting and semistructured interviewing for concept identification, member checking for concept ranking, and cognitive interviewing for question development. Participants were drawn from three tertiary care EDs. Parents of patients (pediatric) or patients (adult) with asthma completed a demographic survey and an assessment of health literacy. Phase 1 participants also completed a freelisting exercise and qualitative interview regarding the definition of success following ED discharge. Phase 2 participants completed a member checking survey based on concepts identified in Phase 1. Phase 3 was a pilot of trial questions based on the highest-ranked concepts from Phase 2. Results Phase 1 enrolled 22 adult patients and 37 parents of pediatric patients. Phase 2 enrolled 41 adult patients and 200 parents. Phase 3 involved 15 parents. Across all demographic/literacy groups, Phase 1 participants reported return to usual activity and lack of asthma symptoms as the most important markers of success. In Phase 2, symptom improvement, medication use and access, and asthma knowledge were identified as the most important components of the definition of post-ED discharge success. Phase 3 resulted in five questions for the proposed measure. Conclusions A stepwise qualitative process can identify, rank, and formulate questions based on patient-identified concepts for inclusion in a patient-reported outcome measure for ED discharge. The four key concepts identified for inclusion: symptom improvement, medication access, correct medication use, and asthma knowledge are not measured by existing quality metrics.
Ecosystem and Landscape Diversity: Islands as Model Systems

Most of the effort that has gone into relating biological diversity and ecosystem function — in this volume and elsewhere — has focused on biological diversity at the species level. That is where most information is available, and that is where the modern epidemic of species invasions and extinctions on islands has altered diversity most spectacularly
A phase 1 trial of vandetanib (multikinase inhibitor of EGFR, VEGFR, and RET) in combination with everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) in patients with advanced malignancies.

TPS2639 Background: Preclinical models have shown that concurrent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway signaling cooperates with epidermal growth factor (EGFR)/vascular en...
Technology Transfer: From the Research Bench to Commercialization: Part 2: The Commercialization Process

Technology transfer (TT) encompasses a variety of activities that move academic discoveries into the public sector. Part 1 of this 2-part series explored steps in acquisition of intellectual property (IP) rights (e.g., patents and copyrights). Part 2 focuses on processes of commercialization, including the technology transfer office, project development toward commercialization, and licensing either through the establishment of startup companies (venture capital–backed or otherwise) or directly to industry. In private industry, TT often occurs through the sale of IP, products, or services, but in universities, the majority of TT occurs through the licensing of IP.
Experimental Point Spread Function of FM Pulse Imaging Scheme

In this paper, we have examined the possibility of incorporating pulse compression techniques into a conventional medical B-scan imaging scheme. Linear frequency modulation fm, one form of pulse coding among many others, has been used in this study. With this approach, one can overcome current peak intensity limitations. A theoretical framework that includes medium propagation effects, transducer bandwidth and diffraction effects is presented, which could be used to examine the system point spread function under this imaging scheme. A prototype experimental set-up and signal processing are described and used for simple imaging tasks in attenuating and nonattenuating media. Analysis of the experimental point spread functions shows that resolution similar to conventional short pulse imaging can be achieved. However, the existence of large range side lobe levels usually associated with pulse compression processing can degrade contrast resolution in medical ultrasound. We have considered various different factors that can affect the range side lobe levels and examined their effect either experimentally or through simulations. The technique has the potential for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), maximum penetration depth and resolution without exceeding peak intensity limitations. Some possible applications are discussed that merit further evaluation. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of this technique and presents a theoretical framework that can be used in future studies aimed at evaluating image quality, system performance, and possible artifacts under such an imaging scheme.
Designing Light Filters to Detect Skin Using a Low-powered Sensor

Detection of nudity in photos and videos, especially prior to uploading to the internet, is vital to solving many problems related to adolescent sexting, the distribution of child pornography, and cyberbullying. The problem with using nudity detection algorithms on high fidelity images as a means to combat these problems is that: 1) it implies that a digitized nude photo of a minor already exists (i.e., child pornography), and 2) there are real ethical and legal concerns around the distribution and processing of child pornography. Once a camera captures an image, that image is no longer secure. Therefore, we need to develop new privacy-preserving solutions that prevent the digital capture of nude imagery of minors. Our research takes a first step in trying to accomplish this goal: In this paper, we examine the feasibility of using a low-powered sensor to detect skin dominance (defined as an image comprised of 50% or more of human skin tone) in a visual scene. By designing four custom light filters to enhance the digital information extracted from 300 scenes captured with the sensor (without digitizing high-fidelity visual features), we were able to accurately detect a skin dominant scene with 83.7% accuracy, 83% precision, and 85% recall. Our long-term goal is to design a low-powered vision sensor that can be mounted on a digital camera lens on a teen's mobile device to detect and/or prevent the capture of nude imagery. Thus, we discuss the limitations of this work toward this larger goal, as well as future research directions.
Gastric Emptying Procedures after Esophagectomy

In the 1940s, Dragstedt reported a 20% to 25% frequency of delayed gastric emptying after truncal vagotomy alone for peptic ulcer disease. A similarly high frequency of delayed gastric emptying was reported by Bergin in 1959 in a series of 32 patients. Based on this experience, it seemed reasonable, as many authorities have, to expect prolonged gastric emptying after esophagectomy and reconstruction by gastric pullup — an operation in which bilateral truncal vagotomy is inevitable — unless a pyloroplasty or pyloromyotomy is performed.
Development of humanized scFv antibody fragment(s) that targets and blocks specific HLA alleles linked to myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by sensitization of the immune system to self-antigens. We have previously shown that targeting MG-susceptible alleles can significantly inhibit proliferation of disease-specific T cells. In this work, we humanized a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) LG11, capable of blocking MG-associated DQ beta 1 (DQB1) allele and reformatted it into single-chain fragment variable (scFv). A fully functional humanized scFv was obtained by optimizing variable domain orientations and linker lengths, along with the optimization of expression conditions and codons to suit Escherichia coli expression machinery. Characterization of humanized scFv (FL8) revealed that the reformatted scFv, despite recognizing the same epitope as the parent murine LG11 mAb, exhibited superior binding affinity (0.97 nM) compared to the LG11 mAb, towards the immunizing antigen (DQB1*0601/70-90) and was able to block the proliferation of T cells cultured from PBLs of MG-patients typed DQB1*0601. The scFv was also capable of binding a variant MG-associated allele (DQB1*0502/70-90) with moderate affinity (18.7 nM), a feature that was absent in the LG11. To our knowledge, this is the first report of humanizing a MG-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) scFv for preclinical studies.
Utilizing selected social determinants and behaviors to predict obesity in military personnel.

Objective Like the general population, the military is experiencing an increase in the number of obese personnel. This study aimed to identify predictors of obesity by assessing social determinants of health and behaviors in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI), and to use these variables to build a model to predict obesity in Active Duty Military Personnel (ADMP). Predicting obesity would allow early intervention of at risk personnel, potentially reducing the number of ADMP who are separated from the service for failing to meet weight standards. Design A secondary data analysis of the 2011 Survey of Health-Related Behaviors of Active Duty Military Personnel was performed. The survey included 39,197 responders. Measures Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between social determinants of health, behaviors in relation to Healthy People 2020 recommendations, and obesity. Moderator variables were used to determine what affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between the independent variables (e.g., social determinants and behaviors) and the outcome variable of obesity. Results At the bivariate level, these variables mirror existing research. However, logistic regression identified few statistically significant obesogenic lifestyle behaviors in relation to Healthy People 2020 recommendations and a weak interactive effect between the variables. Conclusion The low number of significant variables identified to predict obesity highlights the multifactorial nature of obesity making it difficult for weight-loss interventions to be effective if limited to one group or one specific behavior.
Your favorite number is special (to you): Evidence for item-level differences in retrieval of information from numerals.

Abstract Arabic numerals have come to be used for many purposes beyond representing a particular quantity (e.g., as a label for an athlete on their jersey), but it remains to be determined how this type of meaningfulness is accessed and utilized by readers. Motivated by previous work showing that item-level ratings of personal familiarity can influence traditional indices of memory retrieval, we recorded ERPs while participants read double-digit Arabic numerals (e.g., “65”), presented in a list, and rated whether or not each was familiar/personally meaningful. All numbers repeated after a few intervening trials. The effect of number repetition on the N400 was not impacted by subjective judgments of familiarity, suggesting that all numbers (personally meaningful or not) make initial contact with semantics, facilitating semantic access on second exposure. However, consistent with findings from prior studies of memory for letter strings and visual patterns, there was a late positivity (LPC) on second presentation, selective to numbers rated as familiar. This is the first electrophysiological evidence that readers can use Arabic numerals to guide explicit retrieval of non-numerical information.
Investigation of Toolpath Interpolation Methods in the High-Speed Manufacture of Molds and Dies

The application of high speed machining of molds and dies with their high complex geometry have made the traditional methods of toolpath interpolation normally used by CAM systems, i.e., linear and circular interpolations, the bottle neck of the whole process. These traditional interpolation methods increase the machining time, have a negative influence in the final quality of the surfaces and are a technological limitation for the full application of HSC. As a result, the study of new methodologies on toolpath interpolation is becoming one of the main areas of research in manufacturing of molds by HSM. Among the different methodologies of toolpath interpolation there are the linear, circular and polynomial. The milling experiments were made using work pieces of AISI SAE P20 Steel and the geometry from the NC Gesellschaft test part.
Analysis of Health Services Systems — A General Approach

In every country there is a system of health services, just as there are systems of education, of agriculture, transportation, and many other social activities. The health service system is devoted primarily to protecting and improving the health of the population by the provision of a great variety of preventive and therapeutic services; it also has many secondary purposes, such as providing employment or generating profits, which we cannot discuss here.
The strong fixed point property for lexicographic sums

The following theorem is proved: If Q=L{P t ∣t∈T} is a finite lexicographic sum of posets such that T and all P t have the strong fixed point property then Q has the strong fixed point property. Moreover we show the strong fixed point property for two more classes of posets.
An Adaptive Distributed Index for Similarity Queries in Metric Spaces

As the amount of data is growing rapidly, efficient and scalable index structures for managing large-scale data are attracting more and more attention. To efficiently query and manage the data in metric spaces, an adaptive distributed index, MT-Chord, is proposed. MT-Chord integrates Chord based routing protocol and M-tree based index structure to support efficient similarity query processing in metric spaces. Each index node has multiple replicas for load-balance and a cost model is presented to dynamically tune the number of replicas based on the query and update pattern at the granularity of each index node. MT-Chord is a truly scalable, efficient and adaptive distributed index structure for query processing in metric spaces, which is verified by our extensive experimental studies on three real-life datasets extracted from different data sources.
Targeted next-generation sequencing of melanoma patient samples to reveal mutations in non-protein coding regions of targetable oncogenes.

9559Background: Next-generation sequencing has enabled an unprecedented view of the genetics of tumorigenesis. For tumor types associated with carcinogenic insults as central drivers of tumor initi...
Current and Future Views on Cell-Homing-Based Strategies for Regenerative Endodontics

The aim of regenerative endodontics is to replace injured or infected structures, including root and crown dentine as well as cells in the pulp-dentine complex. Two strategies, cell-homing-based and cell-based regenerative strategies, are available for this purpose. In cell-homing-based regenerative strategies, the patient’s endogenous cells undertake tissue repair/regeneration, whereas a cell-based regenerative strategy requires exogenous stem cells to achieve dental pulp regeneration. Clinically, a cell-homing-based regenerative strategy, pulp revascularisation/revitalisation, has been successfully applied in immature permanent teeth with an open apex; however, there is no evidence of new innervation, new dentine deposition or neovascularisation after the procedure. In addition, pulp revascularisation/revitalisation procedures rarely achieve an extension in root length. Although pulp revascularisation treatment cannot be considered as well-controlled tissue regeneration, this procedure has advantages compared with the traditional apexification procedure, which takes more time to establish the dentine/bone tissues at the apex. This chapter describes recent approaches for the cell-homing-based regenerative strategy and identifies the potential improvements possible in pulp revascularisation/revitalisation procedures in the clinic.
Demo: A Low-Cost Fleet Monitoring System

Organizations use fleet monitoring systems for e.g., vehicle tracking, driver behavior analysis, and efficient fleet management. Current systems are designed for commercial use and are of high cost. We present a prototype of a low-cost fleet monitoring system that could be used for non-commercial applications. The system is composed of a device, a service application, and a Web application. The device reads data such as speed and fuel from the internal network of the connected vehicle and the location of the vehicle and sends them to a remote service. The remote service processes and stores the data. The users use a Web application to view the data about their vehicles in real-time.
States of Nature in Immanuel Kant’s Doctrine of Right:

From an analysis of Kant’s states of nature in each division of the Doctrine of Right—the state of nature in general and the international state of nature—this paper reinterprets Cosmopolitan Right...
Offshore versus Onshore Sourcing: Quick Response, Random Yield, and Competition

Motivated by the recent reshoring initiatives, we study firms’ global sourcing strategies from two different supply sources, offshore and onshore supply bases, under supply and demand uncertainty. Interestingly, even though onshore sourcing has a significant benefit from market responsiveness, offshore sourcing having no cost advantage also provides benefits in the presence of yield uncertainty and market competition. If competing firms commit single sourcing, one firm may choose inferior offshore sourcing to dampen competition. When a dual‐sourcing option is available, firms always utilize dual sourcing, offshore sourcing as well as onshore sourcing, for risk pooling purpose. Our result shows that risk pooling is an essential driver in supplier selection in that the need for dual sourcing cannot be eliminated by other influential factors (e.g., responsiveness and competition effect). However, we find that firms may suffer from a dual‐sourcing option under competition. This contrasts with the conventional wisdom that dual sourcing benefits firms in the presence of supply uncertainty. When it comes to order allocation, market responsiveness is not necessarily an order winner since it does not lead to a larger order to an onshore supplier if demand is guaranteed above a certain level. Under competition, firms’ order allocation is mainly determined by supply yield correlations.
Uncovering Tonal and Temporal Correlates of Phrasal Prominence in Medʉmba

Characterizing prosodic prominence relations in African tone languages is notoriously difficult, as typical acoustic cues to prominence (changes in F0, increases in intensity, etc.) can be difficult to distinguish from those which mark tonal contrasts. The task of establishing prominence is further complicated by the fact that tone, an important cue to syllable prominence and prosodic boundaries cross-linguistically, plays many roles in African languages: tones often signal lexical contrasts, can themselves be morphemes, and can also interact in key ways with prosody. The present study builds on phonological generalizations about tonal patterns in Medʉmba, a Grassfields Bantu language, and uses the speech cycling paradigm to investigate relative timing of syllables varying in phrase-level prominence. Specifically, we investigate timing asymmetries between syllables hypothesized to occur at the edge of a phonological phrase, which carry a high phrase accent, and those in phrase-medial position, which do not. Results indicate significant differences in the temporal alignment of accented versus non-accented syllables, with accented syllables occurring significantly closer to positions established as prominence-attracting in previous speech cycling research. We show that these findings cannot be attributed to differences in tone alone. Findings demonstrate the importance of relative temporal alignment as a correlate of prosodic prominence. Findings also point to increased duration as a phonetic property which distinguishes between syllables bearing phrasal prominence from those which do not.
Epidemiological evolvement of clonorchiasis sinensis in China for the past 60 years

This paper summarized the epidemiological investigations on clonorchiasis sineusis,evolvement of its prevention and treatment,and the great achievement obtained in China for past 60 years.Medical workers both of prevention and treatment contributed a lot.This disease influenced on about 600 counties(or cities) of 28 provinces(or municipal and regions) including Hongkong and Macao with occurrence or endemic.The infection rates of people at different areas were various.The distribution was like shape of flake,focus or string.Most people infected were adults in some counties in 2 large areas of southern China including Guangdong,Guangxi,Taiwan and Jiangxi,and some Korean minority living districts of northern China including Heilongjiang,Jilin and Lianning.The high and stable infection rate was found in the districts mentioned above or it is even rising somewhere because the residents there have their habits of eating uncooked or half-cooked fish and shrimp.The infection rate in the other areas was quite low except that prevalence happened in the latter 196os.The reason causing endemic in a large scale in the other areas at that time was also analysed.That was due to the social and economic conditions depressed a lot in a duration of 1959-1961,and the main infected people were young people or children because they ate uncooked or half-cooked fish or shrimp only for the time being.Now the keystone for prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis sinensis is carried on in the two areas of northern and southern China since the infection disappeared in the other areas along with the rising of the living level of the people.The important discoveries were found about the first and second intermediate host as well as reservoir host so that the new contents were added into the epidemiology of the disease. Key words: Clonorchiasis sineusis; Epidemiology; Research advancement
Identification of optimal sample collection devices and sampling locations for the detection of environmental viral contamination in wire poultry cages.

Environmental testing of poultry premises after an outbreak of an infectious disease like avian influenza (AI) or Newcastle disease, is essential to promptly verify virus-free status and subsequently return to normal operations. In an attempt to establish an optimized sampling protocol a laboratory study simulating an AI virus contaminated poultry house with wire layer cages was conducted. Three sample collection devices, pre-moistened cotton gauze, dry cotton gauze, and a foam swab, were evaluated with each of four sample locations within a cage and when sampling all four locations with one device. Virus was detected with quantitative real-time RT-PCR utilizing a standard curve of a quantified homologous isolate of AI virus to determine titer equivalents of virus. The pre-moistened gauze detected the most virus RNA (100% positive, geometric mean titer [GMT): 3.2 log10 50% embryo infectious doses [EID50 ] equivalents per 25 cm2 ) in all four sample locations compared to dry gauze (93% positive, GMT: 2.6 EID50 equivalents per 25 cm2 ) and foam swabs (95% positive, GMT: 2.8 log10 EID50 equivalents per 25 cm2 ). The highest viral RNA loads were observed from the cage floor, and when the four locations were sampled with the same device. Overall, the pre-moistened gauze performed the best, and sampling multiple locations within a cage with the same device would likely optimize detection of residual virus.
Investigating the Dyeing Potential of Bacterial Cellulose: Colorfastness to Crocking and Artificial Light

For cellulosic fibers, the synthetic dye most common is reactive dye. These dyes form a strong covalent bond with the cellulose, resulting in excellent color fastness. Natural dyes are largely plant based and can vary in hue and intensity. Despite this, dyestuffs like indigo, cochineal and weld were frequently used. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is extruded by acetic-acid bacterium to produce a biodegradable cellulosic product. BC displays increased water absorbing capability and tensile strength, while lacking impurities. The micro-fibrils interact through hydrogen bonds, resulting in a crystalline, absorbent fiber-web. This study investigated the dye-ability of BC with natural and fiber reactive dyes in the colors blue, yellow and red. Noticeable differences were seen in the wet crocking and light exposure colorfastness performance of the dyes.
OCHRE: The Object-oriented, Controllable, High-resolution Residential Energy Model for Dynamic Integration Studies

Abstract Electrification and the growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), including flexible loads, are changing the energy landscape of electric distribution systems and creating new challenges and opportunities for electric utilities. Changes in demand profiles require improvements in distribution system load models, which have not historically accounted for device controllability or impacts on customer comfort. Although building modeling research has focused on these features, there is a need to incorporate them into distribution load models that include DERs and can be used to study grid-interactive buildings. In this paper, we present the Object-oriented, Controllable, High-resolution Residential Energy (OCHRE) model. OCHRE is a controllable thermal-electric residential energy model that captures building thermal dynamics, integrates grid-dependent electrical behavior, contains models for common DERs and end-use loads, and simulates at a time resolution down to 1 minute. It includes models for space heaters, air conditioners, water heaters, electric vehicles, photovoltaics, and batteries that are externally controllable and integrated in a co-simulation framework. Using a proposed zero energy ready community in Colorado, we co-simulate a distribution grid and 498 all-electric homes with a diverse set of efficiency levels and equipment properties. We show that controllable devices can reduce peak demand within a neighborhood by up to 73% during a critical peak period without sacrificing occupant comfort. We also demonstrate the importance of modeling load diversity at a high time resolution when quantifying power and voltage fluctuations across a distribution system.