cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF A SMALL-SCALE CLEARING ON HABITAT AND MACROINVERTEBRATES OF A COASTAL BOTTOMLAND STREAM IN LOUISIANA

Abstract Streams in the southeastern USA are commonly affected by streamside disturbance. We investigated the effects of a small-scale clearing (associated with a pipeline crossing) on a third-order stream in southwestern Louisiana by sampling habitat, water chemistry, stream microbes, and benthic and wood-dwelling macroinvertebrates in fall 2002 and spring 2003. We selected 3 locations for sampling, one in a forested section of stream 100 m upstream of a clearing, one within the clearing, and one in a forested section of stream 100 m downstream from the clearing. We detected significantly higher temperature and fecal coliform counts and significantly lower dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pool-riffle ratio, coarse woody debris, fine organic detritus, and heterotrophic plate counts in the clearing location compared to the upstream and downstream locations. Depth and current velocity did not differ significantly among sampling locations. Despite differences in stream characteristics, we detected onl...
A dohányzásból származó DNS-adduktok szerepe a karcinogenezisben.

Epidemiological studies indicate a close association between smoking and cancer. Biological activity of many chemical carcinogens and of their metabolites is induced by covalent binding of their reactive derivatives to DNA, which consequently causes mutations in critical genes. Carcinogen-DNA adducts formed by exposure to tobacco smoke have a key role in the initiation of various types of cancer including lung cancer. Presence of tobacco smoke-related carcinogen-DNA adducts in various tissues of smokers proves the DNA damaging effect of smoking. DNA adducts are important biomarkers for the biomonitoring of human genotoxic exposures to tobacco smoke. The paper gives a short overview on the role of smoking-related DNA adducts in carcinogenesis.
Apache VXQuery: A Scalable XQuery Implementation.

The wide use of XML for document management and data exchange has created the need to query large repositories of XML data. To efficiently query such large data collections and take advantage of parallelism, we have implemented Apache VXQuery, an open-source scalable XQuery processor. The system builds upon two other open-source frameworks -- Hyracks, a parallel execution engine, and Algebricks, a language agnostic compiler toolbox. Apache VXQuery extends these two frameworks and provides an implementation of the XQuery specifics (data model, data-model dependent functions and optimizations, and a parser). We describe the architecture of Apache VXQuery, its integration with Hyracks and Algebricks, and the XQuery optimization rules applied to the query plan to improve path expression efficiency and to enable query parallelism. An experimental evaluation using a real 500GB dataset with various selection, aggregation and join XML queries shows that Apache VXQuery performs well both in terms of scale-up and speed-up. Our experiments show that it is about 3x faster than Saxon (an open-source and commercial XQuery processor) on a 4-core, single node implementation, and around 2.5x faster than Apache MRQL (a MapReduce-based parallel query processor) on an eight (4-core) node cluster.
Draping the Mannequin in Late Capitalism

The essay explores the role of language in the cultural economy of late capitalism by analyzing the television series Mad Men . Within the framework of the moving but relatively consistent image, language, relying on its polysemic resources, works to generate unlimited play of signification. This process actuates texts and subjectivities alike. Aesthetic products and human subjectivity emerge as commodities whose effectiveness derives from their ability to absorb and reenact affectively the polysemic play in what the show portrays as the Carousel of late-capitalist signification.
Breast cancer risk prediction via area and volumetric estimates of breast density

We performed a study to assess the potential value of absolute and relative measures of area and volumetric breast density in predicting breast cancer risk. A case-control study was performed. The raw mediolateral-oblique (MLO) view digital mammography (DM) images of 106 women with unilateral breast cancer and 318 age-matched controls were retrospectively analyzed. The unaffected breast of the cancer cases was used as a surrogate of higher cancer risk. For each image, area and volumetric breast density measures were estimated using fully-automated software. The performance of the density metrics to distinguish between cancer cases and controls was assessed using linear discriminant and ROC curve analysis. Absolute measures of dense tissue content had stronger discriminatory capacity (AUCs=0.65-0.67) than percent density (AUCs=0.57). Shape-location features also showed modest discriminatory power (AUC=0.56-0.65). A combined area-volumetric model was able to outperform (AUC=0.70) any single-feature model. Absolute measures of fibroglandular tissue content were seen to be more discriminative than percent density estimates, indicating that total fibroglandular tissue content may be more reflective of cancer risk than relative measures of density. Our results suggest that area and volumetric breast density measures could be complementary in breast cancer risk assessment.
Maternal Position and Its Effect on Doppler Velocimetry Studies of the Umbilical Artery

Doppler velocimetry analysis was performed on 60 healthy, normotensive gravid volunteers in three different positions: sitting, supine, and left lateral decubitus. Patients were divided according to gestational age: Group I (16–24 weeks), Group II (25–32 weeks), and Group III (33–40 weeks). We found no significant difference between the three positions for the S/D ratio, the resistance index, and the pulsatility index of each group. The data suggest that maternal position during Doppler analysis may not be critical in obtaining reliable data.
Further Development of Temporally Resolved PDV and Its Application to Compressible Free Shear Layers

Temporally resolved PDV is further developed by extending the technique from one component to two components. This is achieved by using a pulse burst laser with MHz rate repetition capabilities and two ultra-high speed framing rate CCD cameras. Each camera is used in a conventional splitter/recombiner PDV system to measure one component of velocity. These two measurements are then combined to resolve the u and w components of velocity. Very preliminary results on a newly constructed planar shear layer facility show the strong potential of this technique and identify a few issues that must be addressed in the next iteration of experiments.
Coproagglutinins in ulcerative colitis.

of Mackie,2 Luippold,3 Bornstein,4 ourselves1 and others, that certain strains of coliform bacilli contain antigenic components common to certain Shigella and Salmonella species. Antibodies against such coliform organisms would be expected to agglutinate the Shigella or Salmonella strain to which they were serologically related. We, therefore, suggested that recognition of the existence of these cross reactions might appreciably limit the diagnostic value currently accorded coproagglutinins as indices to etiology5-7 in enteric disorders
Will LGBT Antidiscrimination Law Follow the Course of Race Antidiscrimination Law

This Article examines several decades of race antidiscrimination law to conjecture about the course LGBT civil rights might take following Obergefell v. Hodges. It draws from Alan Freeman’s germinal Minnesota Law Review article, Legitimizing Racial Discrimination Through Antidiscrimination Law: A Critical Review of Supreme Court Doctrine, and asks whether Freeman’s thesis that race antidiscrimination law actually serves to legitimize the status quo of real-world racial inequality might apply with equal force in the context of LGBT civil rights and LGBT inequality. The Article suggests that the Court may develop, similar to its colorblind constitutionalism, a “sexuality-blind constitutionalism” in which formal equality is achieved but where distinctions drawn between public and private as well as the accommodation of religion might produce equality in name while leaving much inequality unredressed and legally unredressable. While not arguing for the abandonment of civil rights efforts in federal courts, the Article urges that these efforts be accompanied by efforts in state courts as well as in the political sphere at all levels. State level efforts may result in an unsatisfactory patchwork of equality and inequality based on geography, but state level advances in equality may inform changes that occur eventually at the federal level.
Structural Properties in δ-Hyperbolic Networks: Algorithmic Analysis and Implications

In graph theory, the δ-hyperbolicity is a global property that shows how close a given graph's structure is to the tree's structure metrically. It embeds multiple properties that facilitate solving several problems that found to be hard in the general graph form. Interestingly, not only that δ-hyperbolicity provides an idea about the structure of the graph, but also it explains how information navigates throughout the network. Therefore, δ-hyperbolicity has several applications in diverse applied fields. My PhD dissertation focuses on analyzing and exploiting structural properties of hyperbolic networks for different applications.
The Role of Norms in American International Authorization Requests

Why does the United States operate outside international organizations when projecting military force in some instances but request international authorization for others? I compare three cases that exhibit variation in their outcomes: Operation Desert Fox (1998), the Iraq War (2003), and Libya (2011). I assess the competing explanations for these different decisions. I find that the U.S. decision makers sought to conform to the normative standard of international authorization but only sought international authorization when they thought they could secure the sanction from an IO. This explanation is compared to explanations which emphasize the role of the informational properties of UN Security Council decisions and spreading the costs of military force. This research makes a theoretical contribution by demonstrating how state leaders behave under circumstances where they do not expect to secure international authorization. This is demonstrated in the empirical cases which present a strong test for the influence of international norms on the decision making of states.
Special Challenges to the Rational Design of Antibacterial Agents

Abstract The rational design of pharmaceutical agents with activity against bacterial targets presents several unique challenges due to the significant differences in the target bacterial cells and the eukaryotic cells of their mammalian hosts. The structural features and cellular components commonly targeted in drug design programs are often unique to bacteria. While this provides an excellent opportunity in terms of selectivity and decreased toxicities, there are also special factors that must be considered, including distribution to the target, bacterial cell penetration, efflux, metabolism and elimination, and the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance. These factors can play a key role in the design of compounds intended for use against bacterial targets and the application of traditional and nontraditional screening strategies aimed at identifying such compounds. This report discusses these special issues pertaining to antibacterial drug discovery, presents practical approaches to overcoming these challenges, and highlights some recent examples of their application.
Mesh-Resolved Airfoil Simulations Using Finite Volume and Discontinuous Galerkin Solvers

A traditional second-order accurate finite volume unstructured mesh solver and a high-order discontinuous Galerkin solver are used to simulate turbulent flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil. Using a family of standardized high-density grids, mesh-resolved solutions are obtained. The flow is simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations closed by the negative Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. The flow conditions for this case are α=10, M=0.15, and Re=6×106. Lift, drag, pitching moment, pressure, and skin friction coefficients are provided for multiple grids and discretization orders and are compared against other simulation results from well known solvers. The current simulations give very similar results to these benchmark solvers, pointing toward fully mesh-resolved simulations and providing verification evidence of correct and consistent implementation of these discretizations. Results obtained using the high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretizations show higher accuracy using fewer de...
Can MDCT Unmask Instability in Binder-Stabilized Pelvic Ring Disruptions?

OBJECTIVE. Pelvic binders may hinder radiologic assessment of pelvic instability after trauma, and avulsive injuries can potentially unmask instability in this setting. We compare the performance of MDCT for the detection of pelvic disruptions in patients with binders to a matched cohort without binders, and we assess the utility of avulsive injuries as signs of pelvic instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS. MDCT examinations of 56 patients with binders were compared with MDCT examinations of 54 patients without binders. Tile grading by an experienced orthopedic surgeon was used as the reference standard (A, stable; B, rotationally unstable; C, rotationally and vertically unstable). Two radiologists performed blinded reviews of CT studies in two reading sessions (sessions 1 and 2). In session 1, Tile grade was predicted on the basis of established signs of instability, including pubic symphysis and sacroiliac (SI) joint widening. In session 2, readers could change the Tile grade when avulsive injuries were se...
Pivotal Insights: The Contributions of Gordon Holmes (1876–1965) and Olof Larsell (1886–1964) to Our Understanding of Cerebellar Function and Structure

Among the notables who have contributed to our knowledge of cerebellar structure and function, two individuals stand out. The neurologist Gordon M. Holmes, consequent to his clinical observations on patients with cerebellar damage, especially those with injuries in WW I, provided a remarkable understanding of deficits, their laterality in relation to lesion location, and whether or not it involved cortex, nuclei, or both. He also defined, and refined, the clinical terminology describing cerebellar deficits to a level of accuracy, and especially relevance, that it is commonly used today. The anatomist Olof Larsell, in 1920, embarked on a line of investigation that would result, over 25+ years later, in a coherent and organized terminology for the lobes and lobules of the cerebellum that is widely used today and was the structural basis for numerous later experimental investigations. In this effort Larsell used a developmental approach, mapped the sequential approach of the cerebellar fissures and folia, and offered a terminology that clarified the existing, and confusing, approach that existed prior to 1920.
Mangabeys (Cercocebus and Lophocebus)

Molecular, morphological, and behavioral data indicate that the primates commonly referred to as mangabeys do not comprise a natural group. The Cercocebus mangabeys are seven species of African monkeys also referred to as “drill-mangabeys.” Cercocebus is the sister taxon of Mandrillus (mandrills and drills). The five species of Lophocebus mangabeys, also known as baboon mangabeys, form a clade with Papio, Rungwecebus, and Theropithecus. The Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade is united by a suite of skeletodental features and behavioral adaptations related to the acquisition and processing of hard-object foods collected from the forest floor. Mangabey diphyly highlights the considerable homoplasy among African papionins. Keywords: conservation; physical/biological anthropology; primatology
Real-Time Cineangiography Visualization of Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture in an Awake Patient: Anatomic, Physiological, and Functional Correlates

Abstract Intracranial aneurysms are common and, on a population-based perspective, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality as a result of mass effect or rupture. Cerebral angiography is the primary technique used for the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms, and the imaging data have additional utility for planning medical, endovascular, or surgical treatments. An extremely rare periprocedural complication of cerebral angiography is rupture of the aneurysm, either as a chance phenomenon or as a result of some physiologic change or mechanical effect. We report on a single awake, alert patient who experienced intraprocedural aneurysm rupture that was recorded in real time during diagnostic cerebral angiography and subsequently proved fatal. Rupture occurred shortly after the completion of contrast material injection into a semi-open vascular bed and appeared to be temporally unrelated to any supranormal change in systemic physiology. No therapeutic endovascular procedure was planned or attempted. From the high-quality sequential, frame-by-frame images, and electronic sedation and anesthesiology records, plus our own real-time observations (G.L., W.L.L.), we were able (for educational purposes) to reconstruct the time course of rupture of the aneurysm, the velocity and pattern of blood escaping the aneurysm and entering the subarachnoid space, and other physiologic and functional correlates (blood pressure changes, alterations in consciousness) that may be critical to our understanding of the mechanism and consequences of aneurysm rupture.
Myoepithelioma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report with Review of the Literature and Classic Histopathology

Myoepithelioma is a rare salivary gland neoplasm. They most commonly affect the major and minor salivary glands with the parotid gland being the most common, approximately 40%. Only 1% of all salivary gland neoplasms are myoepitheliomas. Myoepithelioma is usually a benign tumor arising from neoplastic myoepithelial or basket cells which are found between the basement membrane and the basal plasma membrane of acinar cells. They also contain multiple cellular elements. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with myoepithelioma of the parotid gland, an extremely rare neoplasm. There have been approximately 42 cases reported through 1985 and fewer than 100 cases through 1993. We will discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of such neoplasms.
Hermeneutic Communism: Left Heideggerianism’s Last Hope?

Gianni Vattimo and Santiago Zabala’s Hermeneutic Communism: From Heidegger to Marxrepresents the most recent—and perhaps the most provocative—attempt to harness a reactionary, conservative philosophy for politically progressive ends. Until now, such forced marriages have ended only in divorce. Like thinkers ranging from Herbert Marcuse to, more recently, Richard Rorty and Peter Sloterdijk, Vattimo and Zabala are forced to admit that irreconcilable differences loom on the horizon of their project. Nevertheless, their book offers a suggestive reimaging of the tradition of “Left Heideggerianism,” which makes it perhaps even more relevant than before. But will rescuing Heidegger for the Left will help to rescue us from the relentless march of global capitalism? This essay explores “Left Heideggerianism” as an intellectual tradition, and asks how, when, and why philosophy should intervene in politics.
Detecting rogue attacks on commercial wireless Insteon home automation systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) and commercial wireless home automation applications are expanding as technical capability evolves and implementation costs continue to decrease. However, many home automation devices lack robust security and are vulnerable to a multitude of bit-level attacks. This was highlighted during the first successful Insteon network intrusion demonstration that occurred at DEF CON 23 using a Software Defined Radio (SDR) with YARD Stick One devices. In response, Radio Frequency Distinct Native Attribute (RF-DNA) Fingerprinting is introduced here as a counter-hacking approach for augmenting network bit-level Identity (ID) authentication using Physical Layer (PHY) waveform features. An RF-DNA Fingerprinting process is adopted here and applied to wireless Insteon home automation devices. Rogue device detection is addressed using a Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) ID verification process. Rogue assessments include attacks by like-model Insteon Switch (IS) devices and YARD Stick One SDR devices programmed to present actual (false) bit-level credentials for authorized Insteon devices while functionally controlling the state of an unprotected (no RF-DNA discrimination) targeted end point device. Device classification and Rogue Rejection Rate (RRR) performance is assessed using Time Domain (TD) and Slope-Based Frequency Shift Keyed (SB-FSK) Fingerprinting with features extracted from a variant (data dependent) signal response region. The Rogue Rejection Rate (RRR) for SB-FSK Fingerprinting was superior to TD Fingerprinting and included RRR95% for 25 like-model IS attacks and RRR100% for 36 YARD Stick One SDR attacks. SB-FSK Fingerprinting is more computationally efficient (70% fewer features) than TD Fingerprinting and provides an added benefit of being implementable using features extracted from variant data dependent FSK signal response regions.
Trade Secrets Protection and Antitakeover Provisions

How do firms protect their human capital? We test whether firms facing an increased threat of being acquired strengthen their antitakeover provisions (ATPs) in order to bond with their employees. We use the adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by US state courts, which exogenously decreases knowledge-worker mobility, thus elevating takeover risk and reducing employee incentives to innovate. Firms respond to IDD adoption by strengthening ATPs that defend against hostile takeovers, especially when they have greater ex-ante employee mobility and human capital and place greater importance on employee relations. We find no evidence that managers strengthen ATPs for entrenchment or takeover bargaining purposes in this setting. Our findings show that ATPs can be used to credibly commit to employees in order to protect long-term value creation.
A novel approach of human geroprotector discovery by targeting the converging subnetworks of aging and age-related diseases

A key goal of geroscience research is to discover effective interventions to extend human healthspan, the years of healthy life. Currently, majority of the geroprotectors are found by testing compounds in model organisms; whether these compounds will be effective in humans is largely unknown. Here we present a novel strategy called ANDRU (aging network based drug discovery) to help the discovery of human geroprotectors. Instead of relying on model organisms, this approach is driven by human genomic and pharmacogenomic data. It first identifies human aging subnetworks that putatively function at the interface between aging and age-related diseases; it then screens for pharmacological or genetic interventions that may "reverse" the age-associated transcriptional changes seen in these subnetworks. We applied ANDRU to human adipose and artery tissues. In adipose tissue, PTPN1, a target for diabetes treatment and APOE, a known genetic factor for human longevity and diseases like Alzheimer9s disease, were ranked at the top. For small molecules, conjugated linoleic acid and metformin, a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, were ranked among the top compounds. In artery tissue, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and curcumin were ranked at the top. In summary, ANDRU represents a promising human data-driven strategy that may speed up the discovery of interventions to extend human healthspan.
A Tissue-Engineered Approach to Tendon and Ligament Reconstruction

A tissue-engineered scaffold for use in tendon and ligament reconstruction has the potential to reduce or prevent disease transmission from allografts and diminish any potential immunologic foreign-body response associated with allograft reconstruction. In addition, the possibility of “off-the-shelf” availability of such a scaffold would eliminate the donor site morbidity, increased surgical time, increased cost, and poor function associated with autologous tendon harvest (currently considered the “gold standard” in clinical applications). An ideal scaffold for tendon and ligament reconstruction would be: naturally derived from either allogeneic or xenogeneic material amenable to host-cell mediated remodeling in vivo; devoid of cellular material to minimize inflammatory potential, disease transmission, and host immune response; cytocompatible; of optimal micro-architecture to promote efficient cell seeding, infiltration, and attachment of the recipient’s own cells prior to or after implantation; and distinguished by sufficient biomechanical integrity to withstand rehabilitation until complete remodeling has occurred. Such a scaffold should serve as template for cell attachment, promote rapid remodeling, possess increased strength, demonstrate improved healing, and permit early rehabilitation and return to function after implantation. In summary, an optimized scaffold would have the potential to vastly improve the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, especially those associated with tumor, trauma, and congenital deficiencies where autograft or allograft tissue might not be available in sufficient quantity for reconstruction.
Genesis, Tracks, and Intensification of Hurricanes

A global map showing over 150 years of hurricane/typhoon/tropical cyclone tracks is presented in Fig. 16.1. The starting points of these tracks are the genesis locations in the different ocean basins. These genesis locations pertain to different months and seasons. The Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans’ genesis locations pertain mostly to the months of June through October. The Northern Indian Ocean locations refer mostly to the pre- and post summer and winter monsoon months, i.e., April, May, November and December. In the Southern Indian Ocean and the South Pacific (close to Australia) the months of genesis are December and January. The South Pacific east of Australia encounters a few typhoons each year during the southern summer months of November, December, and January.
University Mission Statements and Sustainability Performance

This paper examines the relationship between university mission statements and sustainability practices by institutions of higher education. We examine mission statement constructs and the degree to which higher educational institutions meet specific sustainability criteria in line with the College Sustainability Report Card. Our sample consists of 347 universities from the Sustainable Endowment Institute's (2011) Green Report Card. Previous research suggests that mission statements are essential for superior organizational performance outcomes. We examine the relationship between university mission statement content and sustainability practices. Findings indicate that the greater the number of specific terms used in the university mission statements, the higher the statistical likelihood that those universities had higher sustainability ratings. Findings also indicate that private institutions and nonreligious‐affiliated institutions are more likely to include sustainability constructs in their mission statements than colleges and universities with religious affiliation and public institutions. Several propositions to guide future research are discussed.
General Intelligence (g), ACT Scores, and Theory of Mind: (ACT)g Predicts Limited Variance Among Theory of Mind Tests

Abstract This study is the first to examine relations between general intelligence (g), non-g factors, and theory of mind (ToM) using structural equation modeling with multiple indicators of g and ToM. g was based on the subtests of the ACT, a college admissions test that is strongly g loaded, and ToM was based on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Short Story Test (SST). g correlated strongly with a latent ToM factor (β = .65) and moderately with the two ToM tests (β ≈ .34), which correlated modestly with each other (β = .27). The modest correlation between the ToM tests indicates that g predicted a small amount of variance among the ToM tests (7%) and suggests that the ToM tests had little in common. In addition, non-g residuals of the ACT subtests, obtained after removing g, correlated negligibly with the ToM factor and the ToM tests (|β|
External Iliac Artery Dissection During Renal Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Abstract Iliac artery dissection in the setting of renal transplant is a rare but potentially catastrophic event that may result in loss of kidney and lower extremity perfusion. We report a right external iliac artery dissection in a 45-year-old man with end-stage renal disease, diabetes, and hypertension who underwent a renal transplant at our institution. An external iliac artery dissection was diagnosed intraoperatively after completion of the arterial anastomosis given the mottled appearance of the kidney and loss of Doppler signal. The dissection was repaired via open endarterectomy, intimal tacking, bovine patching, and re-anastomosis of the kidney to a proximal site on the external iliac artery. To date, 23 cases of transplant-related iliac artery dissection have been described in the literature. Predisposing risk factors include atherosclerosis and hypertension combined with trauma from vascular clamps or suturing. There is a slight male predominance. Only one group utilized an open endarterectomy approach similar to ours, whereas others used synthetic vascular grafts (12 of 23), endovascular stents (4 of 23), donor iliac artery grafts (4 of 23), or saphenous vein grafts (2 of 23). In the absence of long-term outcomes data, the optimal repair mechanism is yet to be established.
Three papers on homosexual sexual scripts

68 INTRODUCTION 69 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 71 Objective versus subjective definitions of attractiveness 71 Objective criteria of attractiveness 72 Gender differences 75 A SCHEMATIC ANALYSES 77 Schematics 78 Hypotheses 81 METHODS 83 Homosexual sample 83 Heterosexual sample 85 Measurement 85 Cautions and limitations 89 RESULTS 90 Definitions of attractiveness 90 Definitions of sensuality 92 Definitional differences between attractiveness and sensuality 94 Group comparisons 95 DISCUSSION 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 103
Weathering the Next Recession: How Prepared Are US States?

Rainy day funds are one tool that most US states use to help mitigate the fiscal stress caused by economic slowdowns that reduce state government revenue. Past research by Wagner and Elder (2007b) uses a switching regression to estimate parameters in order to form a distribution of potential budget shortfalls for each state. This paper updates those results to include post–Great Recession data. A comparison of this distribution to the actual amount of savings that states have accumulated allows an assessment of how prepared each state is for an economic downturn and the resulting decline in tax revenues.a
Biological variation of immunological blood biomarkers in healthy individuals and quality goals for biomarker tests

Cytokines, chemokines, adipocytokines, soluble cell receptors, and immune activation markers play an important role in immune responsiveness and can provide prognostic value since they reflect underlying conditions and disease states. This study was undertaken to investigate the components of biological variation for various laboratory tests of blood immunological biomarkers. Estimates of intra-individual coefficient of variation (CVI) and inter-individual coefficient of variation (CVG) were examined for blood immunological biomarkers. Biomarkers with CVI 40% were adiponectin, IL-1ra, leptin, MIP-1β, sCD163, and sIL-2Rα. The biological variations of biomarkers have important monitoring value for longitudinal investigation and are essential for quality specification of tests that are performed in the laboratory. The CVI was relatively small while CVG was comparatively large and mean values of each biomarker vary between subjects. The individuality of biomarkers significantly influences reference interval values. A majority of the biomarkers in this study had strong individuality and the result of each biomarker should be cautiously interpreted if using established reference interval values. Comparison of a patient’s test result with previous ones may be more useful than the usage of conventional reference values.
Orthopedic Oncology Experience During Residency.

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and logistics of orthopedic oncology rotations at various residency programs across the USA and determine the effect of orthopedic oncology rotations on Orthopedic In-Training Examination (OITE) scores. An eight-question survey was sent to 162 orthopedic surgery residency programs obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education public database. Pre-oncology rotation and post-oncology rotation OITE scores for 24 residents at a major academic medical center were collected and analyzed. The response rate was 43.8%. Survey results were as follows: 90.1% responded positively to having a dedicated orthopedic oncology rotation in their curriculum; 49.3% carried out their oncology rotation at a hospital outside of their home institution; 70.4% of programs had only one dedicated orthopedic oncology rotation throughout residency; 42.3% indicated that residents experience 6–10 weeks of dedicated orthopedic oncology training during the 5-year residency program; 42.2% indicated that residents experience oncology rotations during post-graduate year 4; and 80.3% of programs had orthopedic oncology trained surgeons on their faculty. The mean increase in OITE oncology scores after the rotation was 12.1% (p = 0.005). There are variations in orthopedic oncology curricula across residency programs, most notably in the number of weeks residents participate in a dedicated oncology rotation, the post-graduate year that residents rotate on an oncology service, and the location where residents obtain their orthopedic oncology training. Participating in a dedicated orthopedic oncology rotation resulted in significant improvement in scores on the oncology domain of the OITE.
Disentangling different modes of mobility for triphenylphosphine oxide adsorbed on alumina

Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO, 1) has been adsorbed on neutral alumina by dry grinding of the components in the absence of a solvent. The adsorption proves translational mobility of 1 on the surface of alumina. Different surface coverages from a densely packed monolayer (99% coverage) to a dilute sub-monolayer (25%) have been produced. The samples have been studied by diverse multinuclear 1H, 13C, and 31P variable temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The interactions of 1 with the surface are determined by hydrogen bonding of the P=O group to OH groups on the surface. The 31P solid-state NMR spectra prove that even at low temperatures, the molecules of 1 are highly mobile on the surface. Using T1 and T2 relaxation time analyses of the 31P resonance in the solid state at variable temperatures allowed the identification and quantification of two different modes of mobility. Besides the translational mobility that consists of jumps from one hydrogen-bonding OH site on the surface to an adjacent one, a rotational movement around the axis defined by the P=O group of 1 occurs.
Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes following in utero exposure to duloxetine. Design Cohort study nested in the Medicaid Analytic eXtract for 2004-13. Setting Publicly insured pregnancies in the United States. Participants Pregnant women 18 to 55 years of age and their liveborn infants. Interventions Duloxetine exposure during the etiologically relevant time window, compared with no exposure to duloxetine, exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, exposure to venlafaxine, and exposure to duloxetine before but not during pregnancy. Main outcome measures Congenital malformations overall, cardiac malformations, preterm birth, small for gestational age infant, pre-eclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage. Results Cohort sizes ranged from 1.3 to 4.1 million, depending on the outcome. The number of women exposed to duloxetine varied by cohort and exposure contrast and was around 2500-3000 for early pregnancy exposure and 900-950 for late pregnancy exposure. The base risk per 1000 unexposed women was 36.6 (95% confidence interval 36.3 to 36.9) for congenital malformations overall, 13.7 (13.5 to 13.9) for cardiovascular malformations, 107.8 (107.3 to 108.3) for preterm birth, 20.4 (20.1 to 20.6) for small for gestational age infant, 33.6 (33.3 to 33.9) for pre-eclampsia, and 23.3 (23.1 to 23.4) for postpartum hemorrhage. After adjustment for measured potential confounding variables, all baseline characteristics were well balanced for all exposure contrasts. In propensity score adjusted analyses versus unexposed pregnancies, the relative risk was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.33) for congenital malformations overall and 1.29 (0.99 to 1.68) for cardiovascular malformations. For preterm birth, the relative risk was 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) for early exposure and 1.19 (1.04 to 1.37) for late exposure. For small for gestational age infants the relative risks were 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41) and 1.20 (0.83 to 1.72) for early and late pregnancy exposure, respectively, and for pre-eclampsia they were 1.12 (0.96 to 1.31) and 1.04 (0.80 to 1.35). The relative risk for postpartum hemorrhage was 1.53 (1.08 to 2.18). Results from sensitivity analyses were generally consistent with the findings from the main analyses. Conclusions On the basis of the evidence available to date, duloxetine is unlikely to be a major teratogen but may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage and a small increased risk of cardiac malformations. While continuing to monitor the safety of duloxetine as data accumulate over time, these potential small increases in risk of relatively uncommon outcomes must be weighed against the benefits of treating depression and pain during pregnancy in a given patient. Trial registration EUPAS 15946.
Impact of employer-sponsored health insurance on firm capital structure: evidence from the Affordable Care Act

This article investigates how employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI) expenses affect firm capital structure. Since 2015, the Affordable Care Act employer mandate has required firms with more th...
Dynamically Reconfigurable and Packable Multifunctional Origami Antennas and Arrays

Reconfigurable, tunable, multifunctional, deployable, and ultra wideband (UWB) high-performance antenna systems are expected to play a significant role in the next generation communication, reconnaissance, sensing and energy harvesting systems. For the much smaller airborne and spaceborne platforms, foldable and packable antennas, such as the Origami/Miura structures, have the unique ability to morph 2-D manifolds into a continuous range of 2-D or 3-D shapes with temporal control via deterministic mechanisms of rigid foldability. In this paper, we present different origami/miura approaches to realize a new class of foldable and packable ultrawideband antennas. In addition, we present a disruptive class of novel flexible antenna substrates that are practical for in-thefield fabrication methods.
Outcomes of Meaningful Work in the Context of Indian Blue-collar Employees: The Moderating Role of Relational Identification and Organisation-based Self-esteem:

The study investigates the moderating effect of relational identification and organisation-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationship between meaningful work and prudence, as well as meaningful w...
Evaluating avoidance distance and fleeing speed of broilers exposed to aerial systems

Intensive labor chores for broiler production could be reduced by using automated systems. However, broilers’ response toward automated systems remains unclear. The experiments were conducted to determine the avoidance distance (AD) and the fleeing speed (FS) of 4-8 weeks old broilers toward two aerial systems, a rail with a dummy arm and a drone, operated at different speeds (0.2-1.2 m/s), and heights (0.3-1.8 m) in a commercial broiler house. The broiler AD to a human assessor was also determined for comparison. Results show that the overall mean and standard error (SE) of broiler AD were 63±3 cm for the assessor, 58±1 cm for the rail, and 85±1 cm for the drone. As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8, broiler AD reduced significantly from 82 to 45 cm for the rail but showed no significant change for the drone. As the operational speed increased, broiler AD significantly increased from 54 cm (0.2 m/s) to 62 cm (0.4 m/s) for the rail, and from 81 cm (0.4 m/s) to 89 cm (1.2 m/s) for the drone. As the operational height increased, broiler AD increased from 54 cm (0.3 m) to 57 cm (1.5 m) for the rail and 81 cm (1.2 m) to 88 cm (1.8 m) for the drone. Overall mean and SE of broiler FS were 0.21±0.01 m/s for the rail and 0.65±0.01 m/s for the drone. As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8, the mean broiler FS decreased from 0.47 to 0.07 m/s for the rail and from 0.84 to 0.16 m/s for the drone. Increasing operational speed from 0.2 to 0.4 m/s for the rail and from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s for the drone significantly increased the mean FS from 0.18 to 0.24 m/s and from 0.52 to 0.78 m/s, respectively. Increasing the height of the rail from 0.3 to 1.5 m decreased the broiler FS from 0.27 to 0.16 m/s. However, increasing drone height from 1.2 to 1.8 m retained a similar FS. The outcomes of this study can help to better understand the interaction of broilers with aerial systems and provide insights into the optimization of robotic operational strategies while maintaining good broiler welfare production. Keywords: aerial automated system, avoidance distance, broiler, drone, fleeing speed DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5591 Citation: Parajuli P, Zhao Y, Tabler T. Evaluating avoidance distance and fleeing speed of broilers exposed to aerial systems. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 34–40.
Strategies that make vaccination easy and promote autonomy could increase COVID-19 vaccination in those who remain hesitant.

The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been immensely successful in vaccinating those who are receptive, further increases in vaccination rates however will require more innovative approaches to reach those who remain hesitant, deliberative or indifferent. Phenomena such empty mass vaccination sites and wasted vaccine doses in some regions suggest that in addition to dispelling misinformation and building trust, developing more person-centered vaccination strategies, that are modelled on what people want could further increase uptake. To inform vaccine distribution strategies that are aligned with public preferences for COVID-19 vaccination campaign features we conducted a survey and discrete choice experiment among a representative sample of 2,895 people in the US, between March 15 and March 22, 2021. We found that on average the public prioritized ease, preferring single to two dose vaccinations, vaccinating once rather than annually and reduced waiting times at vaccination sites - for some these were the primary preference drivers. Vaccine enforcement reduced overall vaccine acceptance, with a trend of increasing control aversion with increasing vaccine hesitancy, particularly among those who were young, Black/African American or Republican. These data suggest that making vaccination easy and promoting autonomy by offering the public choices of vaccination brands and locations may increase uptake, and that vaccine mandates could compromise autonomy and increase control aversion in those who are hesitant - reducing vaccination in such groups and potentially undermining the goals of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. SignificanceDCEs are a novel tool in public health that allow examination of preferences for a product, service or policy, identifying how the public prioritizes personal risks and cost in relation to health behaviors. Using this method to establish preferences for COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategies, our results suggest that: firstly, vaccination should be made as easy as possible for the public, second, that individuals should be offered choices of vaccine brand and vaccination location, and third, that vaccine enforcement could activate control aversion in the public and particularly in those who are most hesitant - potentially causing these groups to double down on vaccine resistance, a scenario which would impede the success of vaccination programs in the US.
Wealth, Women’s Labour, and Forms of Value: Thinking from the Study of Ancestral Central America

A turn to the archaeologically documented past as a source of data for generalizing models explaining the roots of contemporary economic reality can involve treating pasts that were shaped under far different social conditions as equivalent to the contemporary world of nation states and global economies. Using case studies from ancient Mexico and Central America, I examine two sources of incommensurability that should be taken into account in any attempt to think from the past of economic relations to the present. The first is how labour is conceived of, counted, and understood in different situations. As feminist scholars of the contemporary economy have long noted, large areas of economic activity by women are routinely excluded in modern analyses, based on a tacit distinction between household labour (viewed as intimate, domestic, and ruled only by naturalized relations of sex and age) and extra-domestic labour. For the societies of ancient Central America, such a division simply did not exist. Accordingly, the standards of value and exchange that emerged in such societies were entangled in social relations that need to be accounted for before these societies are used as evidence for long-term human economic patterns.
Deep Learning Segmentation of Glomeruli on Kidney Donor Frozen Sections

Purpose: Recent advances in computational image analysis offer the opportunity to develop automatic quantification of histologic parameters as aid tools for practicing pathologists. This work aims to develop deep learning (DL) models to quantify non-sclerotic and sclerotic glomeruli on frozen sections from donor kidney biopsies. Approach: A total of 258 whole slide images (WSI) from cadaveric donor kidney biopsies performed at our institution (n=123) and at external institutions (n=135) were used in this study. WSIs from our institution were divided at the patient level into training and validation datasets (Ratio: 0.8:0.2) and external WSIs were used as an independent testing dataset. Non-sclerotic (n=22767) and sclerotic (n=1366) glomeruli were manually annotated by study pathologists on all WSIs. A 9-layer convolutional neural network based on the common U-Net architecture was developed and tested for the segmentation of non-sclerotic and sclerotic glomeruli. DL-derived, manual segmentation and reported glomerular count (standard of care) were compared. Results: The average Dice Similarity Coefficient testing was 0.90 and 0.83. and the F1, Recall, and Precision scores were 0.93, 0.96, and 0.90, and 0.87, 0.93, and 0.81, for non-sclerotic and sclerotic glomeruli, respectively. DL-derived and manual segmentation derived glomerular counts were comparable, but statistically different from reported glomerular count. Conclusions: DL segmentation is a feasible and robust approach for automatic quantification of glomeruli. This work represents the first step toward new protocols for the evaluation of donor kidney biopsies.