cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Writing Demetrias: ascetic logic in ancient Christianity

In his influential discussion of early Christian ascetic renunciation, Peter Brown announced that “Christian men used women ‘to think with’ in order to verbalize their own nagging concern with the stance that the Church should take with the world.” Brown's statement encapsulates the particular difficulties facing students of the history of women in the early Christian period. The most basic difficulty is that we possess very few texts by women from this period until well into the Middle Ages. We can point to the diary of the third-century martyr Perpetua, the complex and recondite Vergilian and Homeric centos (“stitch-verses”) of the aristocrat Proba and the empress Eudocia, and perhaps one or two other arguable examples. With a dearth of women's own voices, can historians be expected to reconstruct women's lives? This paucity of “first-person” texts is coupled with a more serious theoretical difficulty facing historians of all periods whose main “evidence” consists of literary and rhetorically informed texts. Scholars are much less confident today in our ability to peel back layers of male rhetoric and find the “real” woman concealed underneath. Brown's comment underscores this rhetorical skepticism by asking whether these texts are even “about” women at all. Others following Brown's lead have understood texts that are ostensibly to or about women as concerned primarily with issues of male authority and identity. In Brown's words, women were good “to think with,” but the subject of that “thought” was inevitably male. Despite these technical and theoretical difficulties, however, I do not think we are witnessing the final and absolute erasure of women from ancient Christian history.
Factors affecting theophylline clearances: Age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol

Pharmacokinetic, pathophysiologic, and historic data were systematically collected while monitoring theophylline therapy in adult pulmonary patients and from special studies in pediatric patients, normal volunteers, and patients with other diseases. Total body clearances (ClT) were estimated by nonlinear computer analysis after infusion dosage or from area under the curve data following single oral or intravenous theophylline doses. The ClT values, primarily reflecting the theophylline biotransformation rate, averaged 58 (±30) ml/hr/kg and ranged from 4 to 143 ml/hr/kg. Factors examined for their effect on theophylline ClT included age; sex; liver disease; congestive heart failure; obesity; renal function; history of drug, tobacco, marijuana, caffeine, or alcohol use; and pregnancy. The NYBAID (automatic interaction detector) computer program for analysis of variance was employed to determine the order, priority, and combinations of independent variables correlating with ClT. The major factors that affected theophylline ClT in this population included age, liver disease, smoking status, and congestive heart failure. Age showed strong correlation (r = −0.49) with ClT. Much additional variability was accounted for in specific subgroups. For example, young adult (20-40 years) marijuana users exhibited highest ClT vales (83 ± 29 ml/hr/kg) while older patients (>40 years) with liver disease had the lowest metabolism rates (22 ± 10 ml/hr/kg). In particular subject types, sex (in teenagers), oral contraceptives (in smokers), obesity (in young nonsmokers), and barbiturates also affected theophylline disposition. In contrast, several common factors such as chronic theophylline, chronic corticosteroids, caffeine, sex (in adults), and pregnancy did not alter theophylline ClT.- This unique clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring and statistical approach to drug clearance characterization in patients permits identification of criteria in a format that may be useful for the prediction of drug disposition rates and dosage regimens.
Effect of Surface Preparation on the 815 C Oxidation of Single- Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloys

A primary application for single-crystal superalloys has been jet engine turbine blades, where operation temperatures reach well above 1000°C. The NASA Glenn Research Center is considering use of single-crystal alloys for future, lower temperature application in the rims of jet engine turbine disks. Mechanical and environmental properties required for potential disk rim operation at 815°C are being examined, including the oxidation and corrosion behavior, where there is little documentation at intermediate temperatures. In this study, single-crystal superalloys, LDS-1101+Hf and CMSX-4+Y, were prepared with different surface finishes and compared after isothermal and cyclic oxidation exposures. Surface finish has a clear effect on oxide formation at 815°C. Machined low-stress ground surfaces after exposure for 440 h produce thin Al2O3 external scales, which is consistent with higher temperature oxidation, whereas polished surfaces with a mirror finish yield much thicker NiO external scales with subscale of Cr2O3-spinel-Al2O3, which may offer less reliable oxidation resistance. Additional experiments separate the roles of cold-work, localized deformation, and the extent of polishing and surface roughness on oxide formation.
The use of mobile robotics in implementing artificial intelligence search algorithms

Two areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are search algorithms and robotics. Search algorithms are used in AI for solving different types of problems, such as game playing, data mining, and planning. Robotics is used in AI for providing a hardware test bed with which to validate experimentally the usefulness of various algorithms and techniques used for modeling behavior. In my senior thesis, I have used a Rug Warrior mobile robot to implement and then compare the relative effectiveness of some AI search techniques, including hill-climbing and simulated annealing. The robot was required to search for a bright light in a dark room, with obstacles such as tables and chairs. I used the AI search techniques to program the robot's behavior so that it found the light as efficiently as possible. The efficiencies of the various methods were compared on the basis of time to completion. JCSC 15, 5 (May 2000) © 2000 by the Consortium for Computing in Small Colleges
{sup 18}Na: Mass excess and low-lying states

We present estimates of the mass excess of $^{18}\mathrm{Na}$ and properties of some of the low-lying states, using information from the mirror nucleus $^{18}\mathrm{N}$ for guidance. We offer explanations for three peaks observed in $^{18}\mathrm{Na}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{17}\mathrm{Ne}+p$ decay.
Synchytrium Texanum Sp. Nov.

Synchytrium texanum is a short-cycled parasite of Plantago rhodosperma in Texas which develops large thick-walled resting spores in composite galls. These spores function as prosori in germination ...
Using OpenDSA eTextbooks in Your Class (Abstract Only)

The OpenDSA eTextbook system provides a practical way for instructors to adopt algorithm visualizations (AVs), state ma-chine simulations, and interactive practice exercises into a variety of courses, including CS2, Data Structures, Algo-rithms, Programming Languages, and Formal Languages. An OpenDSA eTextbook can be used either as a complete re-placement for your traditional textbook and assignments or as supplemental readings, auto-graded assignments, or student practice. In this workshop, we present use cases from success-ful adoption of OpenDSA into existing courses. We will guide you past the real-life hurdles and pitfalls that get in the way of using AVs, interactive exercises, and simulators. We show you how to adopt OpenDSA exercises, how to configure existing OpenDSA materials to suit your needs, and provide an over-view of how to create new AVs or exercises. This workshop is about letting you engage students with highly interactive mate-rials in ways that you have said for years that you wanted to do.
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell Division

This is a review paper on centriole behavior and their role in enabling cell division and duplication. The paper is based primarily on articles published in this, the 21st century. Following a description of centriole geometry, the paper discusses centriole duplication and the ensuring events leading to cell division. From a structural perspective each centriole is seen to be a cylindrical composition of nine blades, each having three microtubules which are themselves hollow cylinders approximately 400 nm long, with inner and outer diameters of 15 and 25 nm. The paper then discusses the nucleation of these microtubules. The paper concludes with a description of centriole malfunction and overduplication (supernumerary centrioles), leading to clusters of centrioles —a hallmark of cancer cells. These centriole clusters thus form “biomarkers” for tumor imaging and treatment.
What is the role of the state school nurse consultant

SSNCs provide statewide nursing leadership to ensure effective school nursing services, develop and promote quality standards, and foster a better understanding regarding the role of the school nurses and the relationship between students' health and their ability to learn (NASSNC, 2008). SSNCs use the nursing process to identify goals and plan interventions for meeting those goals. The interventions implemented by SSNCs are state-specific and are dependent upon assessment findings and available resources. Currently 40 states employ SSNCs. States use a variety of funding resources to secure the services of SSNCs (Taliaferro, 2011). For tips regarding how to advocate for a State School Nurse Consultant in your state, visit the National Association of State School Nurse Consultants' website at www.nassnc.org and click on "Advocacy".
A novel nonlinearly explicit second-order accurate L-stable methodology for finite deformation hypoelastic/hypoelasto-plastic structural dynamics problems with total/updated Lagrangian formulations

A novel nonlinearly explicit second-order accurate L-stable methodology and the underlying implementation procedures are provided for total/updated Lagrangian formulations to handle finite deformation hypoelasticity/hypoelasto-plasticity models in conjunction with a new explicit exact integration procedure for a particular rate form constitutive equation for structural dynamic problems. A numerical example is shown to demonstrate the robustness of the overall developments for nonlinear dynamic applications.
Research on Decoupling and Control Allocation for Tailless Near-space Vehicle

Compared with conventional aircraft,the tailless near-space vehicle has strong coupling between channels and multiple control surfaces involved in single channel,and the complication and nonlinearity of actuators make it difficult to design the control system.In order to improve the controlling accuracy and reduce the moment error of allocation,the coupling and allocation problems were solved with the decoupling control system and control allocation logic respectively.The robust decoupling control law was designed by applying dynamic inversion and variable structure theory,and base on the WPI,control surface deflection was used to modify the control efficiency matrix which achieved the high accuracy control of the strong coupling nonlinear object.The simulation indicates that the controller is qualified with excellent decoupling and better robustness and the control allocation algorithm achieves 80% error reduction,both of which effectively realize the vehicle's control requirement.
50 LASER-INDUCED THERMAL THERAPY FOR RECURRENT HEAD AND NECK CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck occurs frequently worldwide, with more than 500,000 new cases projected annually. Once recurrent after primary treatment, survival rates for head and neck cancers are very poor. Management of recurrent head and neck cancer is a seldom reported but a common clinical dilemma. Only a small subset of patients are candidates for potentially curative surgery. Chemotherapy alone provides only limited palliation with no long-term survivors, and reirradiation in most cases is unfeasible because of local toxicity. Experience is accumulating using laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) for treatment of recurrent, unresectable head and neck cancers leading to favorable results and apparent long-term efficacy in some cases. In this study, we review our results on 104 patients with recurrent head and neck cancer who were treated by LITT. Best results were seen in oral cavity tumors where average survival was 20.3 months (10.7-30 months; 95% CI) compared to neck (average = 14.4 months, 7.5-20.7 months; 95% CI) and other tumor sites (average = 18 months, 13.8-22.3 months; 95% CI). Tumor regrowth was not seen after treatment for an average of 47 days, with significant palliation of symptoms observed in most of these patients. Therapy response was inversely related to initial tumor volume and was dependent on both histology and growth rate. Smaller slow-growing tumors and more differentiated tumors were palliated successfully with a better local therapy response rate than poorly differentiated and rapidly dividing malignancies. The results of LITT in recurrent head and neck cancer and the prognostic factors predicting outcome in this patient population are also reviewed.
TBI and Concussions in Student Athletes: How do Severity of Injury, Age, and Gender Influence Recovery

Concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries are seen in increasing numbers of children and adolescents participating in sports as well as in playground activities. This review evaluated literature in the past 20 years studying gender, age, and neuropsychological effects of concussions and traumatic brain injuries. Studies have found differences in age and possibly gender among neuropsychological effects, emotional adjustment, and recovery. Females appear to be susceptible to visual memory and internalizing difficulties following recovery. Males have been found to have difficulty with externalizing behavior in some studies. Other studies have not found gender differences but have found age differences in the expression of depression and/or anxiety. In addition, several studies have demonstrated long-term difficulties in the areas of memory and internalizing behaviors suggesting that serial evaluations for complicated concussions and TBI are warranted. Based on the empirical evidence, suggestions for reintegration into school and for school reentry programming are provided.
The Regional Problem in the U.S.A.

Since 1961 when the late President Kennedy signed the Area Redevelopment Act, the federal government has extended financial and technical assistance to depressed areas and regions. The assistance comes in three forms: grants and loans to communities to help cover the cost of public facilities such as access roads and sewer systems which are deemed to be essential for industrial development; long-term low interest loans to new or expanding private enterprises locating in these areas; grants and direct staff assistance in support of planning and research within the community or on behalf of the community.
The Mangas Phase in Mimbres Archaeology

ABSTRACTThe validity of the Mangas phase, a stage of small masonry units transitional between Three Circle phase pit houses and large Mimbres phase pueblos, has been questioned by several archaeologists associated with the Mimbres Foundation. This paper presents evidence for the existence of such a stage in the Gila Valley of southwestern New Mexico and perhaps in the Mimbres Valley as well. The recognition of the archaeological pattern referred to as the Mangas phase allows several alternative interpretations of Mimbres archaeology.
Aggregate control of clustered networks with inter-cluster time delays

We address a control problem for networks that have multiple dense clusters with sparse interconnection structure. By making use of the time-scale separation properties of such networks, we design state-feedback controllers at the cluster level to guarantee stability in the presence of time varying delays in the inter-cluster feedback channels. Applying results from singular perturbation theory, we show that when these individual controllers are implemented on the actual network model, the closed-loop response is close to that obtained from the approximate models, provided that the clustering is strong and the time delay is below the maximum limit. The design procedure is demonstrated by a simulation example.
Can Big Data Simplify the Complexity of Modern Medicine?: Prediction of Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Support as a Test Case∗

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. —Albert Einstein [(1)][1]The delivery of high-quality and patient-centered care relies on accurate risk prediction and phenotyping of disease [(2)][2]. Cardiologists pride themselves on being particularly data-driven; appropriate
Family and Schooling Experiences in Racial/Ethnic Academic Achievement Gaps: A Cumulative Perspective

The gap in academic skills between white and historically disadvantaged racial/ethnic minority children exists at school entry and grows over time. Research over the last two decades has identified...
Doukhobor Identity and Communalism at Kirilovka Village Site

In early 1899, a migration of more than 7,000 Russian immigrants belonging to the Christian sect known as the Doukhobors arrived in western Canada and established three colonies in the districts of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia in the Northwest Territories. Due to internal tensions in the sect and conflicts with the Government of Canada’s Department of the Interior, most of these villages were abandoned by 1920. Previous historical characterizations of the Doukhobors in Saskatchewan are inconsistent in their portrayal of the Doukhobors as an ethnic group and/or religious sect, and of the degree of internal cohesion and homogeneity at the community level. Combined archaeological and historical investigations suggest that the Doukhobor identity in Saskatchewan involves multiple levels of practice and belief. Further, Doukhobor identity is characterized by constant change brought about by repeated migrations through two centuries.
Viewing 360 degree videos: Motion prediction and bandwidth optimization

360-degree video transmission consumes 4∼6× the bandwidth of a regular video, and thus imposes significant challenges to networks. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a motion-prediction-based transmission mechanism that matches network video transmission to viewer needs. Ideally, if viewer motion is perfectly known in advance, we could reduce bandwidth consumption by 80%. Practically, however, we have to address the random nature of viewer motion, in order to guarantee the quality of the viewing experience. Based on our experimental study of viewer motion (comprising 16 video clips and over 150 subjects), we propose a machine learning mechanism that predicts viewer motion. Based on such predictions, we propose a partial-content-transmission mechanism that reduces the overall bandwidth consumption while providing probabilistic performance guarantees. Real-trace-based evaluations show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces bandwidth consumption with negligible performance degradation. For example, given a failure ratio of 0.1%, we can reduce bandwidth consumption by more than 40%.
Some investigations of fusing and dissolving samples

Alkali flux cakes are placed together with a beaker containing hydrochloric acid in a vacuum desiccator and after partial evacuation the acid is allowed to isothermally diffuse into the cake. Dissolution takes place without danger of loss by splattering and at the same time the acid is highly purified. Also other samples like alloys of magnesium and aluminium can in this way be dissolved in high purity hydrochloric acid. Brass is opened by isothermal diffusion of fuming nitric acid. Teflon crucibles and dishes are investigated to perform fusions under overhead radiation from focused projection lamps. The best flux was found to be potassium hydroxide containing about 15% water.
Taxi market equilibrium with third-party hailing service

With the development and deployment of new technologies, the oligopolistic taxi industry is transforming into a shared market with coexistence of both traditional taxi service (TTS) and app-based third-party taxi service (ATTS). The ATTS is different from TTS in both entry policy and fare setting, and brings competition into the market. To account for the revolution of the taxi industry, in this study, we analyze the characteristics of the TTS and ATTS, model the taxi market as a multiple-leader-follower game at the network level, and investigate the equilibrium of taxi market with competition (TMC Equilibrium). In particular, passengers are modeled as the leaders who seek to minimize their travel cost associated with taxi rides. Followers involve TTS and ATTS drivers, who compete for passengers to maximize their revenue. The network model captures selfish behavior of passengers and drivers in the taxi market, and we prove the existence of TMC Equilibrium for the proposed model using variational inequality formulations. An iterative algorithm is further developed to find the TMC Equilibrium, which corresponds to the strongly stationary point of the multi-leader-follower game. Based on numerical results, it is observed that fleet size and pricing policy are closely associated with the level of competition in the market and may have significant impact on total passengers cost, average waiting time, and fleet utilization.
A Test in Context: Lipoprotein(a): Diagnosis, Prognosis, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies

Abstract Evidence that elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is substantial. Development of isoform-independent assays, in concert with genetic, epidemiological, translational, and pathophysiological insights, have established Lp(a) as an independent, genetic, and likely causal risk factor for CVD and CAVS. These observations are consistent across a broad spectrum of patients, risk factors, and concomitant therapies, including patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 80%. These approaches will allow testing of the “Lp(a) hypothesis” in clinical trials. This review summarizes the current landscape of Lp(a), discusses controversies, and reviews emerging therapies to reduce plasma Lp(a) levels to decrease risk of CVD and CAVS.
Malware provenance: code reuse detection in malicious software at scale

Detecting code reuse in software has applications in malicious code analysis and in malware code search and retrieval, but is complicated by the lack of available source code. In this paper, we examine the methods for detecting similarity using the First Byte instruction block normalization approach proposed previously, but examine the performance and characteristics of the proposed Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) scheme for search and retrieval. We demonstrate that our approach allows for the construction of new super signatures without the availability of the original malware input and that signatures from constituent malware blocks can be used to construct signatures of malware variants. We compare our approach with other projects that propose a similar method and show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to a known malware dataset. Experimental results show that our approach is advantageous in detection accuracy and comparison time.
Causes and circumstances of death in a neonatal unit over 20 years

BackgroundWe examined changes in the causes and circumstances of death in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over 20 years.MethodsFor 551 infants who died between 1993 and 2013, the principal cause of death was recorded. Circumstances of death were assigned to one of the following four categories: death following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), death while being mechanically ventilated without CPR, death after withholding life-support interventions, and death after withdrawal of life support. Data were compared across four 5-year epochs.ResultsThe mortality rate decreased from 5.9% in the first epoch to 3.0% in the last epoch (P<0.0001). The leading cause of death in all epochs was congenital anomalies. The percentage of deaths due to all other categories decreased or remained stable. Withdrawal of life support was the most common circumstance of death in all four epochs. Only 16% of deaths followed CPR. The percentage of neonates with documented do-not-resuscitate orders was highest in the final cohort (52%).ConclusionsThe mortality rate per admission decreased between 1993 and 2013. Each cause of death was stable or decreased as a percentage of all deaths except for deaths due to congenital anomalies. Withdrawal of life-support interventions is the most common circumstance of death in neonates.
BlueNet: BLE-based ad-hoc communications without predefined roles

An essential component of the vision of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is that large numbers of physical and virtual objects are able to interact and cooperate to achieve common goals. These IoT systems often rely on self-organizing networks to enable devices to discover and connect with each other. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an energy-efficient radio communication technology that is rapidly gaining popularity for various IoT applications. While BLE has been designed for simple and quick data exchange, it still requires pre-defined connection roles that determine which devices can initiate or accept connections. This limits its usefulness for ad-hoc environments, where devices do not fit into the classic master/slave (or client/server) paradigm. In this paper, we propose and evaluate BlueNet, a BLE-based communication framework that allows devices to frequently switch between the peripheral and central roles, thereby providing data exchange opportunities between devices without pre-defined roles. This work further proposes several communication protocols with the goal to efficiently manage connections and to balance the traffic among devices. Simulations based on the MiXiM framework are used to evaluate how these strategies impact communication delays and packet delivery ratios for single-hop and multi-hop ad-hoc BLE communications.
Demand Disruption Risks as Opportunity Costs in JIT Supply Chain Coordination

Recently, an opportunity cost reflecting the buyer’s loss of future flexibility from a finite contract commitment has been incorporated into the solution to the buyer-supplier jointly optimal production and delivery policies in a lot-splitting, Just-In-Time (JIT) supply chain. This cost plays a logical role in the model and is required to prevent an infinite contract quantity as the solution to the optimal joint policy. Current models in this area of Supply Chain Coordination (SCC) assume that this opportunity cost is given, with little or no guidance on setting an appropriate value. Demand disruption risks are cited as a major justification for the inclusion of this commitment cost in the model. This paper provides practitioners an easy-to- understand interpretation and application of this recent conceptual addition to the joint buyer-supplier JIT model. Our work provides guidance for determining an appropriate minimum commitment cost for a common situation, where the probability of obsolescence of the contracted part is known, or can be estimated (e.g. from history or from industry norms) prior to the joint optimization of the relevant policy variables. A numerical example explores the impact of this commitment cost on the optimal decisions of both parties.
Clustering Constructed Responses for Formative Assessment in Comprehension SEEDING

In this paper we discuss the Comprehension SEEDING system and how it enhances the classroom discussion. SEEDING attempts to accomplish this by providing real-time formative assessment of student responses. Teachers can pose questions using the SEEDING system, students submit typed responses, and the system automatically groups the responses according to their semantic similarity. These components equip teachers with the necessary tools to engage the classroom in a broad and enhanced discussion.
Legitimacy and the Life Course: An Age-graded Examination of Changes in Legitimacy Attitudes over Time:

Objectives:A body of literature has demonstrated that the perceived legitimacy of legal authorities is an important predictor of criminal offending. Criminal offending is itself age-graded and good...
PA 13-6-1844 Mobile app to promote proper and consistent car seat use: results of an RCT in two pediatric emergency departments

Background Child passenger safety continues to be a high priority for protecting children both in the US and globally. Children ages 4–7 are often moved to an adult lap belt prematurely, significantly increasing their risk in a crash. Mobile apps offer an efficient and potentially effective way to deliver personalized, tailored, and persuasive messages, and may help parents use the correct restraint. Objectives This study evaluates Safety in Seconds v2.0TM, a theory-based mobile app designed to address four components of proper and consistent car seat use: 1) having the correct restraint for the child’s age and weight; 2) having the child ride in the backseat all the time; 3) buckling up the child all the time; and 4) having the child’s restraint inspected by a child passenger safety technician. Methods We conducted an RCT in pediatric emergency departments in Baltimore, Maryland and Little Rock, Arkansas with 742 parents of children 4–7 years old. The intervention group received the child passenger safety information, and the control group received attention matched information about fire safety. Baseline, 3 month, and 6 month surveys were completed. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for baseline behaviors and attrition. Findings The intervention group was significantly (p Conclusions and policy implications Mobile apps can be used to reach large populations with messages that are individually-tailored and effective at changing car seat safety behaviors. The tailoring algorithms and messages developed in this trial could form the basis for using this technology in other settings and with other populations.
The AO Organization in 2018

To get an initial impression of the workings of the AO Foundation, a visitor is tempted to commence with the AO Center in Davos. About a mile outside of town, a wooden structure becomes visible that locals have come to refer to as the ‘Toblerone,’ in reference to the well-known Swiss Alps-shaped chocolate bar. The Center, inaugurated in 1992, intended to assemble under one roof different AO Foundation administrative units that had previously been located in Berne and throughout Davos (Exhibit 43.1).
Oxidized HDL, Adipokines, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Potential Biomarker Profile for Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Obesity.

OBJECTIVE High BMI predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes and positively correlates with increased levels of adipokines. The relationship among BMI, IL-6, TNFα, adiponectin, and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (Ox-HDL) with circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has not been well studied. Elevated CEC levels have been described in both humans and mice with obesity and diabetes. Ox-HDL has been shown to be a potent driver of adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In this study, elevated BMI was examined in 2 groups of women studied in Brooklyn, New York, and Huntington, West Virginia, respectively. METHODS Twenty-six females with obesity and five lean controls without overt cardiovascular disease were enrolled, 13 from Huntington and 13 from Brooklyn. Cytokine levels, EPCs, and CECs were determined. RESULTS Females with obesity had elevated levels of leptin, IL-6, and Ox-HDL, increased CEC levels, and decreased EPC and adiponectin levels (all P < 0.01). The Ox-HDL levels were higher in women from Brooklyn versus Huntington (P < 0.01), possibly from higher TNFα levels in Brooklyn or higher adiponectin levels in Huntington. Seventy-five percent of the variance in Ox-HDL levels could be predicted in this population (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a unique inflammatory biomarker profile in females with obesity.
Weed Control and Phytotoxicity Following Preemergence Herbicide Applications to Container-grown Herbaceous Plants

Abstract Effectiveness of five preemergence herbicides was determined for four container-grown ornamental crops. Herbicides tested were Barricade (prodiamine); BroadStar (flumioxazin); Gallery (iso...
GLIS rearrangements in thyroid nodules: A key to preoperative diagnosis of hyalinizing trabecular tumor

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare thyroid neoplasm with peculiar morphologic features that overlap with those of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Specifically, the presence of enlarged oval nuclei, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear pseudoinclusions makes precise cytopathologic diagnosis challenging. If the cytopathologic diagnosis is suspicious for malignancy (Bethesda V) or is malignant (Bethesda VI), a total thyroidectomy, which would be considered an overtreatment, may follow. The recent discovery of the strong association between GLIS fusions and HTT sheds light on its pathogenesis and offers a pathway for its presurgical identification. Although the number of cases analyzed is limited, the recent landmark study shows that GLIS fusions are highly specific for HTT and that lobectomy is the likely appropriate surgical treatment, because these neoplasms, which lack invasion, are benign. For overall success, cytopathologic recognition of the subtle features is important to avoid false-positive diagnoses and directing potential HTT cases toward indeterminate cytopathologic diagnoses, which would trigger further molecular testing. Additional studies are needed to determine whether a malignant counterpart of GLIS fusion-positive HTT exists and if more conservative approaches may be taken.
Broadband Optical limiter Using Carbonblack Suspensions In CS2

We have recently shown that the dynamic range, which is the ratio oflinear transmittance to minimum transmittance at high, of an f/5 optical limiter can be extended by orders of magnitude by using the cascaded-focus geometry,1 shown in Fig 1.
Lightcone commutator and stress-tensor exchange in d >2 conformal field theories

Motivated by developing a field-theoretic algebraic approach to the universal part of the stress-tensor sector of a scalar four-point function in a class of higher-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), we construct a mode operator, ${\mathcal{L}}_{m}$, near the lightcone in $d=4$ CFTs and show that it leads to a Virasoro-like commutator, including a regularized central-term. As an example, we describe how to reproduce the $d=4$ single-stress tensor exchange contribution in the lightcone limit by a mode summation. A general-$d$ extension is included. We comment on possible generalizations.
Characteristics of HIC in prediction of mTBI relating to crash pulses

The head injury criterion (HIC) is a measure of traumatic head injury arising from an impact involving translational acceleration. In this paper, the HIC has been investigated for its dependency on the shape of the head acceleration profiles. A validated human head model was subjected to a series of similar pulses, having equal HIC values and maximum accelerations, with advanced or retarded peaks. For each case, the brain strain injury predictor was calculated. For validation, a mathematical/analytical model of the brain viscoelastic material was also developed and was subjected to different pulses. The results reflect that the strain in the brain for the two similar acceleration pulses with equal HIC values, even with the same maximum acceleration and impact duration time being entirely different. It is concluded that the pulses with the advanced peak time generate less strain in the brain when compared to that of retarded peak time.
Second language learning and cultural identity

The importance of the teaching of Louisiana Regional French language and culture as an academic subject has been debated by many scholars for decades. While some see it as a necessary dimension of a French course offered in the state of Louisiana, others see the dialect and culture as unreal, non-existent, and less prestigious than Parisian French. This article presents a rationale for offering Louisiana Regional French courses as equivalents to Parisian French in the post-secondary core curriculum in Louisiana colleges and universities.
E-220 Patient-specific hemodynamics predict outcomes after treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverting stents

Introduction Despite advancements in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, up to 30% recur and require additional treatment. Predicting outcomes after aneurysm treatment with flow-diverting stents (FDS) could impact treatment strategy and avoid unnecessary follow-up. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques have been used to simulate the effect of treatment on the intracranial aneurysm hemodynamics, and to quantify change in certain hemodynamics factors that can be associated with treatment success or failure. We use CFD simulations, based on aneurysm anatomy and patient-specific blood flow and pressure data, to study which hemodynamics factors are predictive of six-month treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods Twenty-four patients with n=25 unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with FDS were included (Table 1). 3-dimensional rotational angiographic anatomy was used to create the computational model and intraoperative blood velocity and blood pressure measurements proximal to the aneurysm, obtained with an endovascular dual-sensor microwire, were used as boundary conditions for CFD simulations before and after FDS treatment. For post-treatment calculations, a virtual stent based on the Pipeline Flex Embolization Device was deployed into the CFD simulations. Hemodynamics factors within the aneurysm dome including flow into aneurysm (Q), wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress gradient (WSSG), viscous dissipation, oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT) were calculated before and after FDS placement. Aneurysm treatment was classified as success or failure based on six-month follow-up angiography. Hemodynamics changes between immediate post-treatment and pre-treatment simulations were associated to treatment outcomes. Results Marked reduction in Q, WSS, WSSG, and OSI were seen in most cases immediately after FDS treatment compared to the pretreatment values, indicative of the redirection of blood flow along the neck plane. Reduction of Q at peak systole and increase in RRT in the aneurysm dome were strong predictors of FDS treatment success. Further multivariate analysis of hemodynamic predictors of treatment outcome will be presented. Conclusion Patient-specific CFD simulations using intraoperative physiological velocity and pressure data have been performed pre- and immediately post-treatment. Hemodynamics factors have the potential to predict aneurysm treatment outcomes, making them valuable for neurointerventionalists to consider in treatment planning. Disclosures D. Lim: None. L. March: None. M. Barbour: None. H. Haughn: None. S. Levy: None. K. Prijoles: None. D. Bass: None. G. Barros: None. C. Kelly: None. F. Chassagne: None. A. Aliseda: None. M. Levitt: 1; C; Philips Volcano. L. Kim: None.
Reasons Internalism and the Problem of Depression

This article looks at a version of the “too-few-reasons” problem for reasons internalism stemming from the existence of cases of clinical depression. People with clinical depression lack motivation to do things like go to work or seek treatment for their depression. Internalism appears committed to saying that such people lack reasons to do these things since internalism makes having reasons depend on having motivations. But, intuitively, depressed people do have reasons to do them. This article considers a number of possible solutions to this problem, such as that depressed people have actual or ideal desires which explain their reasons, and argues that these solutions do not succeed.
Framing Black Labor: On Archives and Mine Dancing in South African Gold Mines, 1950–1970

Promoted as a tourist attraction to highlight the benevolent treatment of black migrant laborers at South African gold mines, mine dance performances by workers became a symbol of both “authentic” ...
Alimentos Ciencia e Ingeniería 6-2

Una mirada a la industria mundial de alimentos refleja un cambio paulatino del tipo de producto que esta ofrecera en el futuro. En este ambito, la actitud y percepcion del consumidor, el establecimiento de nuevas formas de distribucion masiva de productos, asi como la internacionalizacion del mercado han creado un enorme potencial para el desarrollo de una gran variedad de productos alimenticios que por su precio, conveniencia y calidad satisfagan las necesidades del consumidor. La respuesta a este cambio por parte de los procesadores de alimentos debe ser inmediata para ganar o mantener su participacion en el mercado nacional y/o internacional. Es estrategico entonces buscar y analizar las tendencias mas importantes que pueden influir en la investigacion y desarrollo de nuevos productos. Tendencias que se identifican con aquellos factores fundamentales que moldean una cultura, que se derivan de comportamientos, que sobreviven a traves de los anos y que tienen un gran impacto en la sociedad. Entre las tendencias aludidas podemos mencionar: La Salud que esta asociada con los avances de la ciencia medica, marca su influencia en la demanda de productos con bajo contenido de calorias, grasas y reduccion especifica de colesterol, en la disponibilidad de alimentos organicos naturales, vegetarianos y nutriceuticos; el impacto que la salud tiene en el comportamiento y actitudes de una poblacion; se refleja en la disminucion del consumo de ciertos alimentos tradicionales, es obvio que estas conductas generan oportunidades para nuevos productos. El Tiempo que es limitado y caro provoca una demanda de conveniencia y velocidad a traves de la cadena distributiva y de consumo; por tanto los alimentos deben poseer la cualidad de “portabilidad” tal el caso de los “Fast Food”, alimentos congelados y productos para ser reconstituidos en microondas.
Quadratic Metric Elicitation for Fairness and Beyond

Metric elicitation is a recent framework for eliciting performance metrics that best reflect implicit user preferences based on the application and context. However, available elicitation strategies have been limited to linear (or quasi-linear) functions of predictive rates, which can be practically restrictive for many domains including fairness. This paper develops a strategy for eliciting more flexible multiclass metrics defined by quadratic functions of rates, designed to reflect human preferences better. We show its application in eliciting quadratic violation-based group-fair metrics. Our strategy requires only relative preference feedback, and that too of near-optimal amount, and is robust to feedback noise. We further extend this strategy to eliciting polynomial metrics -- thus broadening the use cases for metric elicitation.
Sexual and gender minority identity in undergraduate medical education: Impact on experience and career trajectory.

Introduction The wellbeing of sexual and gender minority (SGM) medical students and the impact of their experiences on career trajectory remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to characterize the incidence of mistreatment in SGM trainees as well as general perspectives on the acceptance of SGM individuals across medical and surgical specialties. Methods This was a cross sectional survey study of all actively enrolled medical students within the six University of California campuses conducted in March 2021. An online, survey tool captured incidence of bullying, discrimination, and suicidal ideation as well as perceived acceptance of SGM identities across specialties measured by slider scale. Differences between SGM and non-SGM respondents were assessed with two-tailed and chi-square tests. Qualitative responses were evaluated utilizing a multi-stage, cutting-and-sorting technique. Results Of approximately 3,205 students eligible for participation, 383 submitted completed surveys, representing a response rate of 12.0%. Of these respondents, 26.9% (n = 103) identified as a sexual or gender minority. Overall, SGM trainees reported higher slider scale scores when asked about being bullied by other students (20.0 vs. 13.9, P = 0.012) and contemplating suicide (14.8 vs. 8.8, P = 0.005). Compared to all other specialties, general surgery and surgical subspecialties had the lowest mean slider scale score (52.8) in perceived acceptance of SGM identities (All P < 0.001). In qualitative responses, students frequently cited lack of diversity as contributing to this perception. Additionally, 67.0% of SGM students had concerns that disclosure of identity would affect their future career with 18.5% planning to not disclose during the residency application process. Conclusions Overall, SGM respondents reported higher incidences of bullying and suicidal ideation as well as increased self-censorship stemming from concerns regarding career advancement, most prominently in surgery. To address such barriers, institutions must actively promote diversity in sexual preference and gender identity regardless of specialty.
The role of testis-sparing surgery in children and adolescents with testicular tumors

Organ-sparing approaches have been applied to the treatment of a variety of urologic tumors in both the realms of adult and pediatric urology, with the goals of minimizing overtreatment of benign lesions, preserving function, and providing durable cure. The predominance of benign tumors in prepubertal patients and the reliability of both ultrasound and intraoperative frozen sections have resulted in a marked shift toward testis-sparing approaches over the last few decades. The role of testis sparing in the adolescent population is presently unclear, although there have been increasing reports of successful organ-sparing surgery for testis tumors in the adult literature. This review presents recent trends in testis-sparing approaches for both pediatric and adolescent patients, the operative technique, and some of the controversies related to testis-sparing surgery.
Costs of Rapid HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department and a Nearby County Jail in the Southeastern United States.

Emergency departments and jails provide medical services to persons at risk for HIV infection and are recommended venues for HIV screening. Our main objective in this study was to analyze the cost per new HIV diagnosis associated with the HIV screening program in these two venues. The emergency department’s parallel testing program was conducted at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia starting in 2008; the jail’s integrated testing program began at the Fulton County (GA) Jail in 2011. The two sites, four miles apart from one another, employed the same rapid HIV test. Ascertainment that cases were new differed by site; only the jail systematically checked identities against health department HIV registries. The program in the emergency department used dedicated HIV test counselors and made 242 diagnoses over a 40-month period at a cost of $2,981 per diagnosis. The jail program used staff nurses, and found 41 new HIV cases over 10.5 months at a cost of $6,688 per new diagnosis. Differences in methods for ascertainment of new diagnoses, previously undiagnosed HIV sero-positivity, and methodologies used for assessing program costs prevent concluding that one program was more economical than the other. Nonetheless, our findings show that testing in both venues yielded many new diagnoses, with the costs within the range reported in the literature.