cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of spironolactone on digital vascular reactivity in essential hypertension

Abstract 1. 1. Spironolactone was administered (100 mg. daily) to 16 hypertensive patients for 2 weeks. 2. 2. Brachial and digital blood pressures and digital blood flow (calorimetric) were measured before and after vasodilatation by indirect heat supplemented by ganglion blockade, as well as during the intravenous administration of l-norepinephrine (NE). These measurements were made before and at the end of the drug period and from the data, changes in digital vascular caliber and work of vasoconstriction were calculated. 3. 3. The drug produced a statistically significant decrease in supine brachial and digital blood pressure and in digital vascular reactivity to NE. 4. 4. These decreases seem attributable to sodium depletion by the drug.
Synthesis and evaluation of fluorinated derivatives of fentanyl as candidates for opiate receptor studies using positron emission tomograpry

Three fluorinated derivatives of fentanyl, fluorofentanyl (3), keto-fluorofentanyl (5), and fluorofentanol (6), were synthesized and their abilities to compete with 3H-diprenorphine for binding sites in guinea pig brain membranes were determined. The relative potencies were fentanyl > 3 ∼ 6 ≫ 5. On the basis of its apparent affinity for opiate receptors and its relative ease of synthesis,.6 was selected for further study. Fentanyl was slightly better than.6. in its ability to compete with [3H]naltrexone for binding sites in rat brain membranes. Both fentanyl and 6 exhibited a similar high “sodium ratio” (quotient of the IC50's against [3H]naltrexone in the presence and absence of sodium chloride) generally characteristic of opiate agonists. The analgesic potencies of fentanyl and 6 were determined in rats by measuring suppression of locomotion and vocalization responses to footshock. 6 appeared slightly less potent than fentanyl, but produced a similar analgesia and catalepsy which was entirely blocked by pretreatment of rats with naloxone, an opiate antagonist. A rapid synthesis of [18F]-6 was developed and the tissue distribution of [18F]-6 in mice was determined 5, 60, and 120 minutes after intravenous injection. The use of this general route to 18F-labeled derivatives of fentanyl for studies of the opiate receptor using positron emission tomography is planned.
Reduction of the QCD string to a time component vector potential

We demonstrate the equivalence of the relativistic flux tube model of mesons to a simple potential model in the regime of large radial excitation. We make no restriction on the quark masses; either quark may have a zero or finite mass. Our primary result shows that for fixed angular momentum and large radial excitation, the flux tube or QCD string meson with a short-range Coulomb interaction is described by a spinless Salpeter equation with a time component vector potential $V(r)=ar\ensuremath{-}k/r.$
Goal setting and control orientation of pregnant / parenting female adolescents in the GRADS program.

The Graduation Reality and Dual-role Skills (GRADS) home economics program helps at-risk pregnant/parenting teens graduate from high school set life goals and feel empowered. It was initiated in Ohio in 1980 and started in New Mexico in 1989. The authors investigated whether female GRADS students differed from nonpregnant/nonparenting female teens in terms of the types of goals they perceive to be most important the tendency to set goals and control orientation. Comparisons were made between 37 female GRADS students in the program for one year or more 46 female GRADS students new to the program and 68 nonpregnant/nonparenting female students from an English class. The data were collected during Fall 1992 from eight sites in New Mexico. Analysis of the data found the existence of significant differences regarding participants most important goals but no significant differences in goal orientation or locus of control among the three groups. GRADS students were highly concerned about interpersonal relationships while the nonpregnant/nonparenting students were highly interested in personal concerns. Pregnant and/or parenting teens were more like their nonpregnant/nonparenting peers than different with the differences in goals seeming to reflect different priorities.
Soil properties as indicators of disturbance in forest ecosystems of Georgia, USA

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine spatial variability and the effects of forest ecosystem disturbance, caused by military training, on soil organic matter (SOM) and related soil properties. Six 5th to 6th order watersheds were sampled at the Fort Benning military reservation, Georgia, USA. Sampling locations were categorized as either upland or bottomland, and sites were classified as low, moderately or severely impacted according to the level of ecosystem disturbance. Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and extractable iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) were greater in bottomland sites. Extractable-cations were affected by disturbance on upland soil. Severely impacted sites showed lower total C and N concentrations in both landscape positions. This is likely due to the physical disruption of soil structure due to the traffic of heavy military vehicles, resulting in the removal of forest floor. This pattern was more evident in upland sites. Conversely, soil properties in the bottomland sites were less affected by the level of impact.
Distributional Footprints of Deceptive Product Reviews.

This paper postulates that there are natural distributions of opinions in product reviews. In particular, we hypothesize that for a given domain, there is a set of representative distributions of review rating scores. A deceptive business entity that hires people to write fake reviews will necessarily distort its distribution of review scores, leaving distributional footprints behind. In order to validate this hypothesis, we introduce strategies to create dataset with pseudo-gold standard that is labeled automatically based on different types of distributional footprints. A range of experiments confirm the hypothesized connection between the distributional anomaly and deceptive reviews. This study also provides novel quantitative insights into the characteristics of natural distributions of opinions in the TripAdvisor hotel review and the Amazon product review domains.
Reasoning About Solutions in Linear Algebra: the Case of Abraham and the Invertible Matrix Theorem

A rich understanding of key ideas in linear algebra is fundamental to student success in undergraduate mathematics. Many of these fundamental concepts are connected through the notion of equivalence in the Invertible Matrix Theorem (IMT). The focus of this paper is the ways in which one student, Abraham, reasoned about solutions to A x = 0 and A x = b to draw connections between other concept statements within the IMT. Data sources were video and transcripts from whole class discussion, small group work, and individual interviews. The overarching analytical structure was influenced by a framework of genetic analysis (Saxe, Journal of the Learning Sciences, 11, 275–300, 2002), and Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation (1969) was employed to analyze the structure of arguments both in isolation (microgenesis) and over time (ontogenesis). This case study, rather than focusing on student difficulties in undergraduate mathematics, serves as a compelling example of the productive and powerful reasoning that is possible as students make sense of complex mathematics. The results present an ontogenetic analysis of Abraham’s use of solutions to reason about how span and linear independence of a set of vectors are related, as well microgenetic analyses of various examples of reasoning about solutions to justify connections between other concepts within the IMT.
Collaboration, Innovation, and Contract Design

The rise of the network as a form of economic organization renders problematic our standard understanding of how capitalism is governed. As the governance of production shifts from vertical integration to horizontal contract, a puzzle arises: how do contracts, presumed to be susceptible to hold-up problems due to incompleteness, control production arrangements that by their nature invite opportunism? Relying on publicly-available contracts taken from a number of industries, I argue that firms govern their collaborations through a number of new contract mechanisms, the summation of which is a novel governance system. Because traditional theories of contractual control struggle to fully explain this new behavior, I re-conceptualize contracting as an effort, inter alia, to establish a pragmatic learning process between collaborators. Such a learning process must be formally instituted among parties because of the unique, endogenous, and pervasive uncertainty that characterizes bilateral experimentation. Thus, to standard accounts of incomplete contracting, this article provides an alternative (but complementary) explanation of how contract governs inter-firm networks, not by downplaying the importance of hold-ups or by inflating the role of relational norms but by explicating a new positive theory of contract design.
Effect of hyperthermia on glutamate release in ischemic penumbra after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Using microdialysis, we investigated the effect of hyperthermia on glutamate release in penumbral cortex of rats with 2 h of either normothermic (37 degrees C) or hyperthermic (39 degrees C) middle...
13 – Hybrid energy systems (HESs) using small modular reactors (SMRs)

Large-scale nuclear reactors are traditionally operated for a singular purpose: steady-state production of dispatchable baseload electricity that is distributed broadly on the electric grid. While this implementation is key to a sustainable, reliable energy grid, small modular reactors (SMRs) offer new opportunities for increased use of clean nuclear energy for both electric and thermal ap plications in more locations – while still accommodating the desire to support renewable production sources.
Stress ulcer prophylaxis: the case for a selective approach.

Although stress-related mucosal damage is common (and potentially serious) in critically ill patients, the risk of clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding appears to be confined to patients with certain factors: mechanical ventilation, coagulopathy, multiple trauma, increased intracranial pressure, and multi-organ dysfunction. Because prophylactic therapy also poses risks, we advocate reserving it for patients in these high-risk groups.
Reflection on Tools and Techniques of Leadership and Management: Meeting the Challenge of Complexity

This paper offers to highlight the significance of studying, and understanding the Tools and techniques of Leadership and Management (TTLM) theory to meet the challenges of complexity -- The theory of Complex Responsive Processes (CRP), in the field of leadership and management in both modern and postmodern eras in leading and managing organizations (Stacey, 2012). In this perspective, Stacey explained that some aspects of Complex Responsive Processes theory are modernist while others may relate to postmodernism (p. 127). In doing this, I explain and analyze CRP theory; refer, integrate, and incorporate passages from Interpretations of the Continuous Adaptation of the Self and the Environment (ICASE) (Francovich, 2010) with CRP; define Multicultural Organization theory (MOT) (Shafritz, Ott, & Jang, 2011); define Multicultural Education theory (MET) (Baruth & Manning, 1992); and illustrate cooperative learning as a multicultural education tool in curriculum development and instruction; and correlate MOT and MET to CRP theory.
Application of Relaxed Constraints Model on Generation Schedule Optimization

Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) and security constrained economical dispatch are the core component of generation schedule optimization,while robustness is the critical issue for its application in grid operation. Based on an analysis of a general security constrained unit commitment optimization model,a relaxed constraints model for security constrained generation schedule optimization is proposed. Through the relaxation of energy constraints,environmental constraints,network constraints and generation capacity constraints,the convergence performance of the algorithm is rapidly improved. A day-ahead and real-time generation schedule optimization application based on the model and algorithm is presented,which proved a success in a provincial power grid.
Volume regulatory Cl- loss after Na+ pump inhibition in CCT principal cells.

Ouabain caused rabbit cortical collecting tubule (CCT) principal cells to swell 53% and then undergo regulatory volume decrease (RVD) at a rate of 4%/min to a new steady-state volume 10% below control. Reduction of peritubular Cl- concentration transiently depolarized transepithelial potential (Vte) by 36 mV and stimulated the rate of RVD 30-fold. Peritubular application of 0.5 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibited RVD 74%. In contrast, luminal Cl- reduction or application of DIDS had no effect on RVD. A 10-fold elevation of perfusate K+ caused volume-regulated cells to swell 23% at a rate of 60%/min. Removal of luminal Cl- had no effect on either the rate or magnitude of K+ swelling. Peritubular or bilateral Cl- removal, however, inhibited the rate of K+ swelling by 96 and 99%, respectively. Substitution of bath Cl- for Br-, SCN-, or I- inhibited the rate of K+ swelling by 40, 38, and 98%, respectively. Surprisingly, NO3- inhibited the rate of K+ swelling by 82%. All Cl- su...
Screening for connective tissue disease in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utility of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) levels in distinguishing the cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension as idiopathic (IPAH) or connective tissue disease related (CTD-PAH). METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with IPAH or CTD-PAH seen between 2010 and 2012 at our institution. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical data and laboratory values. RESULTS Of 115 patients identified, 65 (56%) had IPAH and 50 (44%) had CTD-PAH. The mean age was 59 years and most of the patients (76%) were women. Most patients (64%) were in World Health Organization functional class III or IV. Compared with the IPAH group, the CTD-PAH group had significantly increased B-type natriuretic peptide levels (635 vs 325 pg/mL; P = 0.02) and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (6 vs 9 WU; P = 0.04). The median ANA level was significantly higher in the CTD-PAH group than the IPAH group (7 vs 0 U; P 5 U may be useful in distinguishing CTD-PAH from IPAH, but a lower level does not confidently exclude CTD-PAH.
Penile Rehabilitation: Recovering Erectile Function Following Prostate Cancer Treatment

Despite its positive effect on prostate cancer survival, radical prostatectomy may have a pernicious effect on erectile function (EF). Penile rehabilitation consists of understanding the mechanisms that cause erectile dysfunction (ED) and utilizing pharmacologic agents, devices, and interventions to recover erectile function after prostate cancer treatment. There is extensive research regarding the mechanisms that promote post-prostatectomy ED. However, there is still no consensus regarding effective penile rehabilitation programs. This chapter reviews a contemporary series of trials and studies pertaining to penile rehabilitation after prostate cancer treatment. Published data and trials related to penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy were reviewed and presented. Recent trials have shown that most therapies are well-tolerated and may play a role on EF recovery. Even though an irrefutable algorithm is unavailable, advancements in research and technology will ultimately refine management options for penile rehabilitation.
Use of forward scan sonar images for positioning and navigation by an AUV

A Forward Scan (FS) sonar has been developed for use by an Ocean Explorer (OEX) class AUV. The sonar operates at a frequency of 220 kHz, with a bandwidth of 40 kHz. The sonar has a 120 degrees forward sector of view, with an azimuth resolution of approximately 2 degrees and a range resolution of approximately 3 centimeters. The OE AUV is 0.5 meter (21 inch) diameter with an adaptable front payload section. With the FS sonar payload, the length of the AUV is approximately 2 meters (7 feet). The FS sonar consists of a separate projector and receiver hydrophone. The receive hydrophone is a 64 element linear acoustic array, where each element is independently sampled and digitized. The signals are digitally processed to simultaneously beamform 119 beams within the sector of view of the FS sonar. Having developed the FS sonar, images from this FS sonar can be used for navigation and positioning by the AUV. For navigation, consecutive forward images are processed to calculate the AUV motion. This is achieved by the application of 2D and 3D motion estimation methodologies developed in computer vision for optical images. In particular, a number of techniques are investigated and it is demonstrated that inaccurate results may be obtained by the application of ad-hoc methods. The advantages of the approach developed here is demonstrated together with typical results.
P/E Selectins and Their Ligand PSGL-1 Are Crucial for Macrophage-Mediated Multiple Myeloma Chemoresistance

Abstract 130 Multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) provides a homing microenvironment, which is important for tumor development, growth, proliferation, migration and chemoresistance. Our previous research has shown that macrophages (MΦ) are associated with malignant BM and confer MM cell chemoresistance in vitro. Based on these findings, we designed mechanistic studies to elucidate MΦ-mediated MM chemoresistance. MΦ protected MM cells from different chemotherapeutics, such as bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, melphalan, or their combination-induced apoptosis. Cell-to-cell contact was crucial for such protection. Under a coculture condition, MΦ protected MM cells with wide ranging MM/MΦ ratio. Inhibition of phagocytosis did not affect the protection. An experiment examining MM patients9 BM showed that MΦ was a dominant accessory cell population in patients9 BM. Patients PBMC-derived MΦ or primary MΦ isolated from patient BM had protective activity. Further mechanistic study showed that surface molecules, such as P/E selectins (on MΦ) and their ligand PSGL-1 (on MM cells), were important for MΦ-mediated MM chemoresistance. Blockade antibodies against either P/E selectins or PSGL-1 significantly repressed MΦ-mediated drug resistance. MΦ had limited protection on PSGL-1-knocked down MM cells. Next, we examined intracellular signal transduction in MM cells, upon interaction with MΦs. Src family kinase and Erk1/2 kinase were activated in MM cells, after coculture with MΦs. Coculture also stimulated PSGL-1 and c-myc overexpression in MM cells. Inhibition of Src family kinase, Erk1/2 kinase, or c-myc by small molecule inhibitors impaired MΦ-mediated MM chemoresistance. The overexpression of PSGL-1, under coculture condition, could be repressed by IFN-α neutralization antibody. More importantly, coculture with MΦ could not stimulate Erk1/2 activation or c-myc overexpression in PSGL-1-knocked down MM cells, suggesting that Erk1/2 and c-myc were downstream of PSGL-1-initiated signal transduction. Finally, we established a NOD-SCID mouse model to test MΦ-mediated MM chemoresistance in vivo. MM tumors with MΦ infiltration grew significantly faster than MM, only, tumors and were more resistant to melphalan treatment. Overall, our data demonstrated a mechanism of MΦ-mediated chemoresistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on our findings, MΦ-targeted therapy in MM treatment may be beneficial to improve the effectiveness of MM chemotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dy3+-doped yttrium complex molecular crystals for two-color thermometry in heterogeneous materials

Abstract We develop Dy 3 + -doped yttrium complexes for use as two-color thermometry (TCT) phosphor molecular crystals in heterogeneous materials. These complexes include: Dy:Y(acac)3(phen), Dy:Y(hfa)3(DPEPO), Dy:Y(4-BBA)3(TPPO), Dy:Y(acac)3, and Dy:Y(acac)3(DPEPO), where the Dy/Y ratio is 1:9. We characterize the materials' photoluminescence at different temperatures to determine the TCT calibration parameters and the degree to which thermal quenching influences the emission. From this data we observe a link between the excited state lifetime at room temperature and the degree to which the material is susceptible to thermal quenching (i.e. materials having long room temperature lifetimes are more resistant to thermal quenching than materials with short room temperature lifetimes). Of the five complexes tested we find that Dy:Y(acac)3(DPEPO) has the best thermal performance, with the most likely source of improvement being DPEPO's compact rigid structure. This rigidity helps with energy transfer to the Dy 3 + ion, suppresses non-radiative loss modes, and reduces exciplex formation.
Forward Observer system for radar data workflows: Big data management in the field

Abstract There are unique challenges in managing data collection and management from instruments in the field in general. These issues become extreme when “in the field” means “in a plane over the Antarctic”. In this paper we present the design and function of the Forward Observer a computer cluster and data analysis system that flies in a plane in the Arctic and Antarctic to collect, analyze in real time, and store Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. SAR is used to analyze the thickness and structure of polar ice sheets. We also discuss the processing of data once it is returned to the continental US and made available via data grids. The needs for in-flight data analysis and storage in the Antarctic and Arctic are highly unusual, and we have developed a novel system to meet those needs. We describe the constraints and requirements that led to the creation of this system and the general functionality which it applies to any instrument. We discuss the main means for handling replication and creating checksum information to ensure that data collected in polar regions are returned safely to mainland US for analysis. So far, not a single byte of data collected in the field has failed to make it home to the US for analysis (although many particular data storage devices have failed or been damaged due to the challenges of the extreme environments in which this system is used). While the Forward Observer system is developed for the extreme situation of data management in the field in the Antarctic, the technology and solutions we have developed are applicable and potentially usable in many situations where researchers wish to do real time data management in the field in areas that are constrained in terms of electrical supply.
An Evaluation of Present and Future Computer Technology for Large Scale Power System Simulation

Abstract A true technological explosion has taken place in the computer hardware industry in the last few years. Words such as parallel processing, vector processors, array processors, pipelined machines, “number crunching”, and megaflops ( M illions of FL oating-point OP erations per S econd) are heard regularly. Computer manufacturers have responded to the needs of specific groups requiring, above all else, high speed arithmetic capability. The result is a host of new machines which are called in this paper “vector processors”. This paper will assess the applicability of vector processors to power flow and transient stability simulation programs and will indicate how these programs should be organized to run efficiently on these new machines. The approach taken will be to survey the entire class of vector processors available now and in the near future, to attempt to raise the reported low efficiency of sparsity-coded programs for large vector processors by reorganizing their sparse structure.
Planetary science: the north-south martian divide.

Some of the differences between the northern and southern hemispheres of Mars may stem from asymmetry in the planet's atmospheric circulation, and the resulting distribution of water and dust.
Electrochemical studies of molten sulfates in LiCl-KCl-Na2SO4 at 700 °C

Abstract The electrochemical reduction behavior of molten Na2SO4 was investigated at 700 °C in LiCl-KCl-Na2SO4 (5–15 mol%) electrolyte under two different gaseous atmospheres of inert argon and oxidizing O2-0.1% SO2. Sulfate ions (SO42–) were directly reduced into sulfur (S) and sulfide (S2–) ions at large negative overpotentials in both gaseous atmospheres. During the transition from inert to oxidizing atmosphere, open circuit potentials of a platinum electrode (vs. Ag/Ag+) were shifted in the positive direction by more than 0.60 V, implying the presence of stronger oxidants which can be coupled with the metal oxidation reactions during the hot corrosion processes.
Horizontal Maneuver Coordination for Aircraft Collision-Avoidance Systems

The safe integration of unmanned aircraft into the airspace requires reliable systems to keep aircraft separated. Unmanned aircraft will likely use primarily horizontal maneuvers, in contrast with ...
A Cytotoxic Three-Dimensional-Spheroid, High-Throughput Assay Using Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells:

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer with an average survival time after diagnosis of only 12-14 months, with few (<5%) long-term survivors. A growing body of work suggests that GBMs contain a small population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are thought to be major contributors to treatment resistance and disease relapse. Identifying compounds that modulate GSC proliferation would provide highly valuable molecular probes of GSC-directed signaling. However, targeting GSCs pharmacologically has been challenging. Patient-derived GSCs can be cultured as neurospheres, and in vivo these cells functionally recapitulate the heterogeneity of the original tumor. Using patient-derived GSC-enriched cultures, we have developed a 1536-well spheroid-based proliferation assay and completed a pilot screen, testing ~3300 compounds comprising approved drugs. This cytotoxic and automation-friendly assay yielded a signal-to-background (S/B) ratio of 161.3 ± 7.5 and Z' of 0.77 ± 0.02, demonstrating its robustness. Importantly, compounds were identified with anti-GSC activity, demonstrating the applicability of this assay for large-scale high-throughput screening (HTS).
Cargo carrying bacteria at interfaces

The displacements of ensembles of colloids at the interface between oil and suspensions of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14ΔpelA indicate enhanced colloid mobilities and apparently diffusive motion driven by interactions with the bacteria. However, inspection of individual trajectories of ∼500 particles reveals prolonged, directed displacements inconsistent with purely hydrodynamic interactions between swimming bacteria and colloids. Analysis of the properties of colloid paths indicates trajectories can be sorted into four distinct categories, including diffusive, persistent, curly, and mixed trajectory types. Non-diffusive trajectories are the norm, comprising 2/3 of the observed trajectories. Imaging of colloids in the interface reveals anisotropic assemblies formed by colloids decorated with one or more adhered bacteria that drive the colloids along these paths. The trajectories and enhanced transport result from individual colloids being moved as cargo by these adhered bacteria. The implications of these structures and open questions for interfacial transport are discussed and related to the active colloid literature.
Normal Thoracic Anatomy and Common Variants

The normal anatomy of the thorax includes anatomy of the airways, lung parenchyma, pleura and fissures, mediastinum, great vessels, and diaphragm. This chapter will describe normal anatomy of the thorax as well as anatomic relationships of these structures to each other. Common congenital anatomic variants of the thorax will also be discussed.
The Semantic Representation for Sentential Nominals

In chapter 1, I introduced several tasks for any linguistically sensitive, semantic theory of abstract entities. One was to provide a semantics of the variety of constructions that make up the class of sentential nominals, by which I mean all those constructions which have an intuitive, semantic connection to an associated sentence. These include: derived nominals, a variety of gerund phrases (of-ing gerunds, ACC- ing gerunds and POSS-ing gerunds), that clauses, for infinitival phrases, naked infinitive phrases and noun phrases involving a variety of common nouns that may combine with that clauses or gerund phrases. The class of common nouns itself divides into three: nouns that are nominalizations of some prepositional attitude verb, nouns that are nominalizations of other complemented verbs, and nouns that are not nominalizations of any verb.
Optimización de flotas de vehículos, una herramienta para incrementar la eficiencia

Fleet management allows increasing the efficiency ofall those business processes where a vehicle is involved. It is a tool that offers the integration ofinformation about the localization, status and merchandise ofa vehicle with business processes and applications. This way, enterprises can benefit from cost reductions and improve the quality of the service that they provide to their clients. This article analyses the applications and benefits offleet management and highlights IBM's experience in these kinds ofprojects.
Intercultural competence and customer facial recognition

Intercultural competence has been found to be increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to understand how intercultural competence impacts service providers’ ability to recognition faces of both black and white consumers.,Two experiments were administered to understand how intercultural competence impacts recognition of black and white consumer faces.,The authors find that the more intercultural competence that respondents report with blacks, the better they are at distinguishing between black regular customers and black new shoppers in an experiment. The authors find no impact of intercultural competence on the ability of respondents to differentiate between white consumers. These findings hold for respondents in the USA and South Africa.,One limitation of this research is that the studies were conducted in a controlled lab setting. Thus, one could imagine additional noise from a true consumer setting might increase the effects of these results. Another limitation is the focus on only black and white consumer faces. In this paper, the authors focused on these two races, specifically to keep the factorial design as simplified as possible.,The implications of this research are important given that the ability of employees’ recognizing customer faces can affect customers’ day-to-day interactions in the marketplace.
Learning about climate change uncertainty enables flexible water infrastructure planning

Water resources planning requires decision-making about infrastructure development under uncertainty in future regional climate conditions. However, uncertainty in climate change projections will evolve over the 100-year lifetime of a dam as new climate observations become available. Flexible strategies in which infrastructure is proactively designed to be changed in the future have the potential to meet water supply needs without expensive over-building. Evaluating tradeoffs between flexible and traditional static planning approaches requires extension of current paradigms for planning under climate change uncertainty which do not assess opportunities to reduce uncertainty in the future. We develop a new planning framework that assesses the potential to learn about regional climate change over time and therefore evaluates the appropriateness of flexible approaches today. We demonstrate it on a reservoir planning problem in Mombasa, Kenya. This approach identifies opportunities to reliably use incremental approaches, enabling adaptation investments to reach more vulnerable communities with fewer resources. Water resources planning requires infrastructure development consider regional climatic uncertainties. Here the authors introduce a new dynamic planning framework that captures opportunities to learn about climate change over time. By applying it to reservoir planning in Kenya, they show the value of flexible approaches in responding to learning.
Fluxo de Pesquisa: A tríade material figurino televisivo, vestuário-estilo e moda como objeto de estudo em Luanda

O depoimento etnografico traz a luz reflexoes e anotacoes da pesquisa de campo durante o mes de agosto de 2018, em Luanda. Conto como e ter um objeto de estudo que faz parte da industria da moda e do entretenimento brasileiro. Ao tentar compreender a trajetoria do figurino de telenovela como um objeto que nasce na narrativa ficcional e tem circulado e criado trocas comerciais e culturais, fui inserida no processo de situacoes e questionamentos sobre o fluxo tematico da pesquisa, mas tambem explorar os caminhos que um objeto pode percorrer e me levar.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Evidence for infection versus oversuppression.

e18268Background: Antiresorptive medications are important in maintaining bone health for patients with osteoporosis, metastatic cancer and multiple myeloma. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the...
Pattern-Based Approach to Prostate Biopsy Interpretation

Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based primarily on its light microscopic morphological features. Previous chapters have already discussed in detail the morphological criteria for diagnosis of prostate cancer and distinction from other cancer mimickers. Many flowcharts, algorithms, and tables are used to illustrate the steps in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This chapter serves as a quick reference for working-up prostate biopsies with various morphological patterns. It will discuss succinctly the morphological patterns that are commonly seen in prostate biopsies and focus on morphological features and immunohistochemical markers most important for decision-making steps during the evaluation of a particular pattern.
Experimental characterization of basic violin structural acoustics

Considering its simple construction the complex material-shape traditional violin, fashioned from nominally orthotropic materials to form a ported, compliant-wall cavity, enjoys a notable scientific complexity, e.g., four separate radiation mechanisms, coupling between the two lowest cavity modes A0 (Helmholtz resonance, ∼275 Hz) and A1 (1st longitudinal “slosh” mode, ∼470 Hz), and between A0 and two 1st corpus bending (B1) modes near 500 Hz. Comprehensive EMA (velocity/force), radiativity (pressure/force) and near-field acoustical holography ( f -hole volume flows/force) measurements plus bridge tuning systematics were combined to establish a dual-region structural acoustics model of the violin. In the “deterministic” region the large-volume-change B1 modes drive large, in-phase f-hole volume flows accounting for >50% of B1 radiation and excite A0; oppositely directed upper-bout/lower-bout cavity volume flows excite A1. A wall-driven, dual-Helmholtz resonator network successfully modeled A0 and B1 radiation. In the “statistical” region where the major bridge and plate tuning effects occur, radiation efficiency (averaged-over-sphere radiativity divided by averaged-over-corpus mobility) led to radiation damping and critical frequency. With total damping from mobility fits the radiation/total damping ratio (fraction of vibrational energy radiated) was combined with a parametric model of mobility. Splicing the regions created the “dynamic filter” model of violin radiation.Considering its simple construction the complex material-shape traditional violin, fashioned from nominally orthotropic materials to form a ported, compliant-wall cavity, enjoys a notable scientific complexity, e.g., four separate radiation mechanisms, coupling between the two lowest cavity modes A0 (Helmholtz resonance, ∼275 Hz) and A1 (1st longitudinal “slosh” mode, ∼470 Hz), and between A0 and two 1st corpus bending (B1) modes near 500 Hz. Comprehensive EMA (velocity/force), radiativity (pressure/force) and near-field acoustical holography ( f -hole volume flows/force) measurements plus bridge tuning systematics were combined to establish a dual-region structural acoustics model of the violin. In the “deterministic” region the large-volume-change B1 modes drive large, in-phase f-hole volume flows accounting for >50% of B1 radiation and excite A0; oppositely directed upper-bout/lower-bout cavity volume flows excite A1. A wall-driven, dual-Helmholtz resonator network successfully modeled A0 and B1 radiat...
10 – Clock Arithmetic

We have constructed the number systems of arithmetic and have studied their properties. In this chapter we look at other “systems” of numbers; these have similar properties but are distinctly different. The porpose of looking at these new systems is to provide “negative instances” for comparison to the system of rational numbers and system of integers. Many elementary school textbooks use these different systems to develop familiarity with and insight into the standard number systems of arithmetic.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reverse Genetics and the Major Applications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is known to infect only pigs. The virus emerged in the late 1980s and became endemic in most swine producing countries, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. The first reverse genetics system for PRRSV was reported in 1998. Since then, several infectious cDNA clones for PRRSV have been constructed. The availability of these infectious cDNA clones has facilitated the genetic modifications of the viral genome at precise locations. Common approaches to manipulate the viral genome include site-directed mutagenesis, deletion of viral genes or gene fragments, insertion of foreign genes, and swapping genes between PRRSV strains or between PRRSV and other members of the Arteriviridae family. In this review, we describe the approaches to construct an infectious cDNA for PRRSV and the ten major applications of these infectious clones to study virus biology and virus–host interaction, and to design a new generation of vaccines with improved levels of safety and efficacy.
Uncertainty in Genomics Impacts Precision Medicine

As exacting as genetic and genomic testing have become, health professionals continue to encounter uncertainty in their applications to medical practice. As examining the human genome at more refined levels increases, so is the likelihood of encountering uncertainty about the meaning of the information. The history of this concept informs how we might confront and deal with uncertainty, and what the future might hold. Precision medicine holds great promise for establishing more accurate diagnoses, directing specific therapy to patients who will most benefit from it, and avoiding treatments in patients who are most likely to suffer adverse consequences, or at best not benefit. But its application depends importantly on the proper interpretation of a person's genotype.
Association of Cumulative Systolic Blood Pressure With Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Healthy Longevity: Findings From the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project Cohorts

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but previous studies have mostly been limited to a single exam, a single cohort, a short follow-up period, or a limited number ...
Development, validation, and pilot MRI safety study of a high-resolution, open source, whole body pediatric numerical simulation model.

Poster: "ECR 2021 / C-10139 / Development, Validation, and Pilot MRI Safety Study of a High-Resolution, Open Source, Whole Body Pediatric Numerical Simulation Model " by: " M. Alhilani 1, H. Jeong2, G. Ntolkeras2, S. R. Atefi2, L. Zollei2, A. Pourvaziri2, M. H. Lev2, E. P. Grant2, G. Bonmassar2; 1London/GB, 2Boston, MA/US"
Is shift-work associated with increased risk of rectal cancer? A meta-analysis.

e15600Background: Globally, more than 1.8 million people were diagnosed of colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2018, with over 30% of CRC in the rectum. Shift-work, involving circadian disruption, sleep dep...
Lip-Syncing for Our Lives: Queering Dissent in Queer & Now a Lip-Sync Spectacular

Through a discussion of theory in practice, this creative piece proposes lip sync as a queer and feminist medium for reading and performing gender. Lip-sync offers performative possibilities of juxtaposition, contradiction, and expansion—making room for trans theories of temporality in practice. Additionally, relying on queer temporality studies, film analysis, and queer and trans theories (Grosz, Edelman, Elliott-Smith, etc.) this creative piece examines the queer and trans feminist questions presented by the performance. Rather than asking how we can make space in drag for trans folx, this paper argues that trans drag performers expand the possibilities of drag altogether.
A Social Justice Perspective on Intellectual Property Protection for Folk Music

This chapter explores IP protectability of what may be broadly termed “folk music,” though, that is a term fraught with ambiguity, from an intellectual property social justice (IP-SJ) framework. Our IP-SJ approach helps illuminate how IP law and administration affect opportunities for access, inclusion, and empowerment through IP endeavor, particularly for traditionally marginalized communities. IP social justice balances claims for protection with other interests and values of society relating to the broad dissemination of ideas and expressive works for the benefit of all including trans-cultural transmission of music. Traditional folk music and, more generally, traditional knowledge and expression (TKE) are not generally protectable by intellectual property (IP) law as it is currently structured. We advocate rethinking and reworking IP protection for musical works, including in particular folk music broadly understood to provide economic and other benefits to originators and performers of music on terms that balance all interests.
Ejectile polarization for H 2 ( e , e ' p⃗ ) n at GeV energies

We perform a fully relativistic calculation of the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$(e,{e}^{'}\mathrm{pP\vec})n$ reaction in the impulse approximation employing the Gross equation to describe the deuteron ground state, and we use the SAID parametrization of the full $\mathit{NN}$ scattering amplitude to describe the final state interactions (FSIs). The formalism for treating the ejectile polarization with a spin projection on an arbitrary axes is discussed. We show results for the six relevant asymmetries and discuss the role of spin-dependent FSI contributions.
Function of the N-terminal calcium-binding sites in cardiac/slow troponin C assessed in fast skeletal muscle fibers.

Fast skeletal troponin C (sTnC) has two low affinity Ca(2+)-binding sites (sites I and II), whereas in cardiac troponin C (cTnC) site I is inactive. By modifying the Ca2+ binding properties of sites I and II in cTnC it was demonstrated that binding of Ca2+ to an activated site I alone is not sufficient for triggering contraction in slow skeletal muscle fibers (Sweeney, H.L., Brito, R. M.M., Rosevear, P.R., and Putkey, J.A. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 9538-9542). However, a similar study using sTnC showed that Ca2+ binding to site I alone could partially activate force production in fast skeletal muscle fibers (Sheng, Z., Strauss, W.L., Francois, J.M., and Potter, J.D. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21554-21560). The purpose of the current study was to examine the functional characteristics of modified cTnC derivatives in fast skeletal muscle fibers to assess whether or not either low affinity site can mediate force production when coupled to fast skeletal isoforms of troponin (Tn) I and TnT. Normal cTnC and sTnC were compared with engineered derivatives of cTnC having either both sites I and II active, or only site I active. In contrast to what is seen in slow muscle, binding of Ca2+ to site I alone recovered about 15-20% of the normal calcium-activated force and ATPase activity in skinned fast skeletal muscle fibers and myofibrils, respectively. This is most likely due to structural differences between TnI and/or TnT isoforms that allow for partial recognition and translation of the signal represented by binding Ca2+ to site I of TnC when associated with fast skeletal but not slow skeletal muscle.
Evidence-Based Management in "Macro" Areas: The Case of Strategic Management

Despite its intuitive appeal, evidence-based management (EBMgt) faces unique challenges in "macro" areas such as Organization Theory and Strategy Management, which emphasize actions by organizations, and business and corporate leaders. The inherent focus on complex, multi-level and unique problems present serious challenges. EBMgt will nurture the establishment of a new model of research that is not only cumulative in its knowledge-building but also promotes engaged scholarship. Further, the uncertainty and conflict that characterize "macro" decision contexts heighten the need for EBMgt. We put forward four recommendations to advance EBMgt: (1) using more sophisticated meta-analyses; (2) providing syntheses that go beyond quantitative summaries; (3) engaging in a disciplined conversation about our implicit "levels of evidence" frameworks; and (4) developing decision supports.
Investor reaction to regulated monopolies announcing going concern opinions

Purpose – This study aims to examine the industry reaction as determined by stock returns when firms in the electric services industry announced receipt of Going concern audit opinions from 1984 through 1991.Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes standard event study methodology to test for significant excess performance.Findings – From 1984 to 1991, going concern opinion (GCO) announcements produce a contagion response in the industry on the announcement date more than half the time. Also, over the event window of the announcement date plus the five days following, six of the seven announcements were accompanied by significant negative industry reaction. Regression analysis suggests non‐announcing a firm's leverage and earnings correlation with the announcing firm significantly impact abnormal returns, as does the exchange on which the announcer's equity is traded, the size of the announcing firm and whether nuclear plant problems were mentioned in the announcement.Research limitations/implicat...
Clamp-splint fixation of a mandible; a case report.

Abstract Stabilization of a patient's severely injured mandible was indicated for bone grafting procedures. The clamp splint principle of extraoral skeletal fixation, wherein the medullary spaces of the bone were not invaded, was successfully employed, with gratifying results.
Global steps during initiation by RNA polymerase II.

Publisher Summary The number of polypeptides known to be associated with an RNA polymerase II transcription complex is now more than halfway to triple digits. This enormous complexity makes the problem of working out the mechanism of initiation extremely challenging. It is helpful to attempt to simplify this complex problem initially by breaking the pathway down into substeps, leaving the roles of each of the individual polypeptides to be established later. This chapter discusses a conceptual framework and a range of assays that can be used. The minimal conceptual framework derives from studies of the simpler prokaryotic transcription systems. The chapter discusses the conditions leading to closed and open complexes with particular focus on the general properties of each kind of complex and on assays for detecting them. It presents a similar analysis of the process by which an open complex is converted to an elongation complex. The chapter also presents an overview of the initiation pathway, based on these assays.