cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Duty of Exposition with Special Reference to the Cauchy-Heaviside Expansion Theorem

As the speaker representing the Mathematical Association of America at this session I propose this morning to call your attention to one of the more important duties of a mathematician, namely, the duty of explaining as clearly as possible mathematical truths and discoveries both to his fellow mathematicians and to students of mathematics in general. The American Mathematical Society is especially devoted to the encouragement of research and the secretary of that society has called to your attention during this meeting the remarkable increase in the number of papers presented annually to the Society during the past five years. This increase has been such as to make the problem of publishing the results of mathematical research in America a very acute and difficult one. At the same time it has become more desirable than ever before that the papers published in our American journals should be as clear and as easily readible as possible. The Mathematical Association of America is especially concerned with the teaching and exposition of mathematical truth and it is pretty generally agreed that it is highly desirable that care should be taken to make this teaching and exposition to students as good as possible. I fear, however, that some of my friends who are particularly interested in research agree to this in a rather condescending manner; their tone implying that, whilst nothing should be done to discourage anyone beginning the study of mathematics, such care is not so necessary nor even so desirable when writing for fellow mathematicians. The underlying idea is that a competent mathematician usually prefers to glance at a paper, see the results arrived at, and then derive these results in his own individual manner. I believe that this opinion is not justified by the facts and in support of this belief I shall mention two instances which have recently come to my attention where mathematicians of great competence failed, through a lack of detail or of clarity in available expositions of known results, to arrive at immediate and important corollaries of these results. I shall be happy if my talk this morning tends to make the editors of our mathematical journals insist more definitely on clearness of exposition when considering papers submitted for publication. One can surmise that the writers of at least some of our papers set down their results with the referee of the paper more in mind than the prospective readers. They neglect, therefore, to state or. emphasize points which they think will be familiar to the referee. Of course this is unfortunate since there is us'ually a one-to-one
Evaluation of an Automated Sampler for Routine Coagulation Testing

To evaluate the performance of the automated Coag-A-Mate sampler, we compared the blood coagulation test results from this positive displacement dispenser with results from manual pipetting performed by medical technologists. More than 200 samples from patients were tested for prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) using both techniques. The PT (r=0.998) correlated well with the PTT (0.988). Test results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the manual method and sampler methods are comparable for the PT (0.43% and 0.47%, respectively) and for the PTT (1.16% and 1.06%, respectively). Because the Coag-A-Mate sampler is automated, it frees the technologist to perform other tasks. The laboratory can perform singlet coagulation testing because the sampler’s CV is low enough to meet the standards of accreditation agencies.
Adenosine analogues prevent phorbol ester-induced PKC depletion in porcine coronary artery via A1 receptor.

This study was undertaken to determine the adenosine receptor involved in the modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in porcine coronary artery. Endothelium-denuded arterial rings were incubated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) in the presence or absence of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists for 24 h. After incubation, contractile responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1) were compared in various treatment groups. Arterial rings incubated with PDBu alone failed to produce significant contractions in response to ET-1. (2s)-N6-[2-endo-norbornyl]adenosine (ENBA), an A1-receptor agonist, attenuated the PDBu-induced blunting of the ET-1 contractions. Incubation with ENBA alone elevated ET-1 contractility by about twofold. Inclusion of A1-receptor antagonists completely blocked both effects of ENBA: protection against PDBu and increase in ET-1 contractility. On the contrary, arterial rings incubated with the A2-receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethyl-amino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680) did not show significant alteration of the ET-1 contractility when incubated with CGS-21680 alone or in combination with PDBu. Inclusion of A2-receptor antagonist in combination with CGS-21680 mimicked the effects of ENBA alone, i.e., protected against PDBu and enhanced ET-1 contractions. Measurement of PKC activities in arteries indicated that exposure to ENBA caused a twofold increase in the enzyme activity, whereas exposure to CGS-21680 had no significant effect on PKC activity. Adenosine analogues caused an accumulation of PKC through the activation of A1- but not A2-adenosine receptors. These results indicate that the modulation of PKC by adenosine analogues is mediated through A1-adenosine receptors in the coronary artery.
Butirosin — Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Experience

Butirosin is a new neomycin-like aminoglycoside antibiotic exhibiting marked activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo.1,2,3 The gram-negative spectrum includes the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia groups as well as Proteus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Butirosin appears to have less antibacterial potency than gentamicin on a weight basis, but it appears to be less nephrotoxic and considerably less ototoxic in laboratory animals than the older drug.4 These early reports suggested that this decreased toxicity might compensate for the lower potency resulting in a safe, effective compound for use in man.
Incidence and degree of hip subluxation/dislocation in children with spinal cord injury.

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the incidence and degree ofhip subluxation/ dislocation in children with spinal cord injury (SCI) and determine the association betwee...
Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocompatibility with Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Hydrogels possess high water content and closely mimic the microenvironment of extracellular matrix. In this study, we created a hybrid hydrogel containing type II collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and incorporated magnetic nanoparticles into the hybrid hydrogels of type II collagen-HA-PEG to produce a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (MagGel) for cartilage tissue engineering. The results showed that both the MagGel and hybrid gel (Gel) were successfully cross-linked and the MagGel responded to an external magnet while maintaining structural integrity. That is, the MagGel could travel to the tissue defect sites in physiological fluids under remote magnetic guidance. The adhesion density of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the MagGel group in vitro was similar to the control group and greater than the Gel group. The morphology of BMSCs was normal and consistent in all groups. We also found that BMSCs engulfed magnetic nanoparticles in culture and the presence...
Teacher understanding and pupil efficiency in mathematics—a study of relationship

A number of studies have indicated that considerable variation exists among teachers in their understanding of basic mathematical concepts.1 In addition, the mean teacher level of such understanding as evaluated by these investigators has been stated as being undesirably low. In such studies as the foregoing it has been assumed that good teacher understanding of basic mathematical concepts would be necessary in order to promote satisfactory pupil growth in arithmetic, but evidence of an objective nature to either support or refute such an assumption has not been readily available. Evidence has also been lacking concerning possible differences between the gain in achievement by pupils of different levels of intelligence as related to their teacher's understanding of basic mathematical concepts.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage: Dynamics of Gaining and Losing Coverage Over the Life-Course

Health insurance coverage varies substantially between racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, African Americans and people of Hispanic origin had persistently lower insurance coverage rates at all ages. This article describes age- and group-specific dynamics of insurance gain and loss that contribute to inequalities found in traditional cross-sectional studies. It uses the longitudinal 2008 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (N=114,345) to describe age-specific patterns of disparity prior to the Affordable Care Act (ACA). A formal decomposition on increment-decrement life-tables of insurance gain and loss shows that coverage disparities are predominately driven by minority groups' greater propensity to lose the insurance that they already have. Uninsured African Americans were faster to gain insurance than non-Hispanic whites but their high rates of insurance loss more than negated this advantage. Disparities from greater rates of loss among minority groups emerge rapidly at the end of childhood and persist throughout adulthood. This is especially true for African Americans and Hispanics and their relative disadvantages again heighten in their 40s and 50s.
Avian higher level biogeography: Southern Hemispheric origins or Southern Hemispheric relicts?

A recent analysis of a comprehensive phylogenetic data set suggested Southern Hemispheric origins for various higher level taxa of neornithine (crown group) birds. These results contrast with hypotheses derived from the fossil record, with the occurrence of successively branching stem group representatives of many “Southern Hemispheric” bird groups in the early Cenozoic of Europe and North America suggesting relict extant distributions. However, a selective consideration of the fossil record and the merging of extant ranges may have resulted in a skewed picture of the past biogeographical history of birds. For future studies, it is proposed that multiple taxa of successively branching Northern Hemispheric stem group representatives are considered to narrow down the ancestral areas of the crown group representatives.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medical Imaging: Achievements and Challenges

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has become one of the major research subjects in medical imaging and diagnostic radiology. Many different types of CAD schemes are being developed for detection and/or characterization of various lesions in medical imaging, including conventional projection radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound imaging. Organs that are currently being subjected to research for CAD include the breast, chest, colon, brain, liver, kidney, and the vascular and skeletal systems. Commercial systems for detection of breast lesions on mammograms have been developed and have received FDA approval for clinical use. It has been reported that more than 8,000 commercial CAD systems have been used at many hospitals, clinics, and screening centers in the United States and in Europe for assisting radiologists in their task of detecting breast cancers. It has been reported also from prospective studies that CAD has provided a gain of approximately 10-20% in the early detection of breast cancers on mammograms.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Thienothiadiazole Dyes with Large Stokes Shifts and High Photostability

A series of near-infrared (NIR) organic emissive materials were synthesized and the photophysical properties analyzed. The donor–acceptor–donor materials were designed with thienopyrazine and thienothiadiazole acceptor groups with thiophene-, furan-, and triphenylamine-based donor groups. The absorption and emission spectra were found to be widely tunable on the basis of the donor and acceptor groups selected. Computational analysis confirms these materials undergo an intramolecular charge-transfer event upon photoexcitation. Large Stokes shifts of ∼150 nm were observed and rationalized by computational analysis of geometry changes in the excited state. Fluorescence studies on the dye series reveal maximum peak emission wavelengths near 900 nm and a quantum yield exceeding 16% for 4,6-bis(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole. Additionally, several dyes were found to have reasonable quantum yields within this NIR region (>1%), with emission wavelengths reaching 1000 nm at the emission curve onset. Pho...
Diabetes: Cardiovascular benefits of metformin in T1DM

Results from the Reducing with Metformin Vascular Adverse Lesions (REMOVAL) study show for the first time that metformin has a cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), although the benefit was limited to tertiary outcomes and was modest. Additional measures are therefore needed to reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with T1DM.
Mirror-assisted calibration of a multi-modal sensing array with a ground penetrating radar and a camera

To develop a multi-modal in-traffic bridge deck scanning device, we need to estimate the relative pose between a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a camera. Unlike camera images, GPR output is in a non-Euclidean coordinate system because it only detects underground objects relative to road surface. When road surface is non-planar, its output cannot be trivially mapped to a 3D Cartesian system which is necessary for sensor fusion. Since there is no joint coverage between two sensors due to mounting requirements, we design an artificial planar bridge assisted by a planar mirror as the calibration rig. We combine the pinhole camera model with mirror reflection transformation and model the GPR imaging process. We estimate the camera and mirror poses and extract readings from hyperbolas generated from metal balls. We employ the maximum likelihood estimator to estimate the rigid body transformation between the two sensors and provide the closed form error analysis. We have conducted physical experiments to validate our calibration process and shown the average error of 6.67 mm for our calibration model. The result is satisfying considering the GPR signal wave length is 18.75 cm.
New Test Techniques and Analytical Procedures for Understanding the Behavior of Advanced Propellers

Analytical procedures and experimental techniques were developed to improve the capability to design advanced high speed propellers. Some results from the propeller lifting line and lifting surface aerodynamic analysis codes are compared with propeller force data, probe data and laser velocimeter data. In general, the code comparisons with data indicate good qualitative agreement. A rotating propeller force balance demonstrated good accuracy and reduced test time by 50 percent. Results from three propeller flow visualization techniques are shown which illustrate some of the physical phenomena occurring on these propellers.
Borrelia burgdorferi persistence post-antibiotic treatment

A basic precept of Borrelia burgdorferi biology is that persistent infection is the rule, not the exception, in immunocompetent hosts. Persistence occurs in many reservoir and incidental hosts of B. burgdorferi, and has been unequivocally proven experimentally in Peromyscus leucopus mice (Schwan et al. 1988), laboratory mice (Barthold et al. 1993a), rats (Moody et al. 1990), hamsters (Goodman et al. 1991), gerbils (Preac-Mursic et al. 1990), guinea pigs (Sonnesyn et al. 1993), dogs (Straubinger et al. 1997), and nonhuman primates (Roberts et al. 1995a). There is no reason to believe that humans are different, and indeed there are a number of documented reports confirming persistent infection in humans by both culture (Asbrink and Hovmark 1985; Kuiper et al. 1994; Maraspin et al. 2011; Miklossy et al. 2004; Snydman et al. 1986; Stanek et al. 1990; Strle et al. 1995) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Bradley et al. 1994; Frazer et al. 1992; Moter et al. 1994; Nocton et al. 1994a; von Stedingk et al. 1995). Borrelia burgdorferi has evolved to persist in its varied hosts as a survival strategy for maintaining its natural 2-year life cycle through its hosts and vector tick stages. That life cycle requires survival of B. burgdorferi in reservoir hosts over winter, since there is no transovarial transmission from female ticks to larvae. Uninfected eggs are laid in the spring, and larvae emerge during the summer, when they feed upon persistently infected reservoir hosts to acquire infection and subsequently pass infection through the life stages (transstadial transmission) to nymphs and adults (Anderson and Magnarelli 1993). Without the essential role of persistently infected reservoir hosts, the life cycle of B. burgdorferi would fail. Mechanisms of B. burgdorferi immune evasion, dormancy, and activation in hosts and vectors are among the least studied, but most critically needed areas for research.
Computational analysis of blast loaded composite cylinders

Abstract Explosion-resistant containers and chambers show promise for the safe storage and disposal of explosive materials and munitions. Light-weight explosion proof vessels, that are made of fiber-reinforced composite materials, are of specific interest, as their decreased mass allows for an ease in transportation. When developing fiber-reinforced composite structures for dynamic loading, efficient and reliable computational analysis techniques are required. The objectives of this study deal with developing a computational methodology that can be implemented when designing blast loaded composite structures. Specifically, efficient analysis procedures to predict large scale deformation and composite failure in dynamically loaded composite structures are developed for use with LSTC's LS-DYNA. In the process of developing the modeling methodology, a survey of the blast modeling methods available within LS-DYNA is completed and a recommendation is made considering both accuracy and computational cost. The developed methods are then used to simulate the blast loading and response of small, hollow composite cylinders, and the measured results of instrumented explosive tests are used for model validation.
Statistical model checking of relief supply location and distribution in natural disaster management

Abstract Examining the efficacy of natural disaster management readiness and response activities is challenging due to the involvement of many random and uncertain components. These uncertainties can be captured by stochastic models. The analysis of these models is carried out using Monte Carlo simulations to judge the effectiveness of natural disaster management solutions. However, this approach uses static estimators, which generally rely on sampled number of events taken from the random space. The safety-critical nature of disaster management requires a more quantifiable analysis. In order to overcome this challenge, we propose to use statistical model checking for relief supply location and distribution in natural disaster management. For illustration purposes, we use the PRISM model checker to model and analyze a real-world scenario of relief supply location and distribution while considering some key factors, like demand of medical supplies at hospitals, predestined routes from warehouses to hospitals, capacity of warehouses and transportation plans.
Dynamic Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol under Ambient Sunlight

The atmospheric process dynamically changes the chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA), thereby complicating the interpretation of its health effects. In this study, the dynamic evolution of the oxidative potential of various OA was studied, including wood combustion particles and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from different hydrocarbons (i.e., gasoline, toluene, isoprene, and α-pinene). The oxidative potential of OA at different aging stages was subsequently measured by the dithiothreitol consumption (DTTm, mass normalized). We hypothesized that DTT consumptions by OA were modulated by catalytic particulate oxidizers (e.g., quinones), noncatalytic particulate oxidizers (e.g., organic hydroperoxides and peroxyacyl nitrates) and electron-deficient alkenes. The results of this study showed that the oxidative potential of OA decreased after an extended period of aging due to the decomposition of particulate oxidizers and electron-deficient alkenes. Quinones (GC-MS data) partially attribut...
Raman Spectroscopy of Polymeric Fibers

Raman spectroscopy has many advantages for the study of polymeric fibers. The scattering geometry is uniquely suited to the sampling problem, and the ability to obtain both second and fourth order orientation functions from polarized data makes the Raman measurement an ideal candidate for fiber characterization. Raman measurements using visible excitation on stationary fibers are found to have lower fluorescence interference than that found for bulk polymer. However, the low background levels are associated with a rapid photo-bleaching process which is ineffective for moving fibers. FT-Raman measurements alleviate this problem, but a fiber optic probe suitable for measurements in the near infrared is needed. Preliminary results, obtained by using such a probe are demonstrated.
From Social Costing to Sustainable Development: Beyond the Economic Paradigm

We are witnessing a major transition in public policy regarding economics, the environment and human well-being. Appropriately enough, it has come at the onset of a new century, indeed millennium. Despite the groundwork laid before us, and that being laid today, we expect that our counterparts and the world’s citizens decades from now will recognize some but not all of the methods and approaches developed today, and hope they will look back with some kindness upon our modest beginnings.
The Effects of CAI and Time Delay: A Systematic Program for Teaching Spelling:

This study describes a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program that implemented a constant time delay procedure to teach the spelling of 15 state names to a student with a history of spelling disabilities. A multiple probe design across words sets demonstrated that the near-errorless program was effective in teaching the student to type the correct spellings with less than a 5% error rate during instruction. Generalization to written spelling occurred, and maintenance probe data ranged from 94% to 100%. The time delay procedure includes proven principles of learning based upon stimulus control techniques and was found to be highly adaptable to CAI programs.
The Breakdown of Polysomes and the Stimulation of Protein Synthesis as Cerebral Mechanisms of Defense against Seizures

The recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among nucleic acids and the ribosome on the one hand and protein synthesis, its control and modulation on the other(1–5) have revealed that in neural tissue the mutual interactions of these and other macromolecular systems with one another and with the environment must be very complex if, by virtue of their integration, a correct specification of cellular function and cellular behavior is to be achieved.(6–8) That is why the intricate network of capabilities that this tissue must have available for the specification and the programming of the myriad of its complex supramolecular functions has been barely formulated, and, when so, only speculatively. (9–11) Hence, the question: “Do the cellular and the organismic responses of neural tissue originate in molecular events, and, if so, how are these transduced into specific modes of expression, termed behavior?” must elicit, at present, a guarded “We don’t know, but give us more time to find out” for an answer.
Clinical Application of Next Generation Sequencing in Lymphoma

Successful treatment of relapsed/refractory and rare subtypes of lymphomas remains a therapeutic challenge. Though the use of tumor profiling is increasing, little is described about how providers ...
Long-term outcomes after subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy: A retrospective case series.

Abstract Background Subtotal cholecystectomy, where the gallbladder infundibulum is transected to avoid dissecting within the triangle of Calot, has been suggested to conclude laparoscopic cholecystectomy while avoiding common bile duct injury. However, some reports suggest the possibility of recurrent symptoms from a remnant gallbladder. Methods A retrospective database containing 900 randomly selected cholecystectomies occurring between 2009 and 2015 was reviewed for instances of subtotal cholecystectomy. All documentation for these patients was reviewed through 01/2018. Results Six patients who underwent subtotal cholecystectomy were identified. All six returned for care within our institution, with a median 76 months of follow-up. No patient had signs or symptoms indicating recurrent cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. Conclusions This series represents six cases of subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy with no recurrent gallbladder symptoms on long-term follow-up. This may encourage surgeons who feel that subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy is the safest way to proceed with cholecystectomy in the setting of severe inflammation.
A Limited Fixation, Olecranon Sparing Approach, for Management of Geriatric Intra-Articular Distal Humerus Fractures.

Purpose:We propose that geriatric comminuted intra-articular distal humerus fractures can be effectively treated with a limited fixation approach aimed at achieving varus/valgus stability with colu...
A RARE CASE OF LEAD INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY

The association between lead exposure and hypertension is well known. Recent, population based research on the cardiovascular (CV) effects of lead has shown that its effect on CV system is not only limited to hypertension but can also cause atherosclerosis, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.
No Significant Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate versus Fat on the Reduction in Total Energy Expenditure During Maintenance of Lost Weight: A Secondary Analysis

The question of whether the ratio of dietary carbohydrates to fat substantially impacts total energy expenditure (TEE) or body fat has been investigated for decades, with most studies pointing to no clinically meaningful effect. However, a recent study by Ebbeling et al. (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4583) reported substantial differences in TEE between diets varying in their ratio of carbohydrate to fat. The original pre-registered statistical analysis plan for the primary study outcome of Ebbeling et al. addressed the question of whether the reduction in TEE during weight loss maintenance compared to the pre-weight loss baseline depended on the dietary carbohydrate to fat ratio. However, the final analysis plan was modified to make the diet comparisons with the TEE measurements collected in the immediate post-weight loss period rather than at the pre-weight loss baseline. Here, we reanalyzed the data according to the original plan we found that the TEE differences were no longer statistically significant between the diet groups and the nominal diet differences of ~100 kcal/d were much smaller than the ~250 kcal/d differences reported in the publication. In other words, when conducting the analysis originally planned by the authors we found that the significant increases in TEE with the low carbohydrate diet that were reported by Ebbeling et al. disappeared. Furthermore, the TEE effect modification by baseline insulin secretion also disappeared.
A quality improvement intervention to increase the use of first line antibiotic for prevention of surgical site infections in patients with penicillin allergy labels

Abstract Background Perioperative use of cephalosporins is avoided in patients with penicillin (PCN) allergy labels due to concern for cross-reactivity and shared hypersensitivity. However, second line antibiotics are associated with higher risk of surgical site infections, higher cost, and higher incidence of antibiotic-related adverse events. Purpose Quality improvement interventions incorporating a novel screening tool were implemented to increase the proportion of PCN allergy labeled patients who received first line perioperative prophylaxis with cephalosporins. Methods Interventions were aimed at the anesthesia team members (MD/CRNA) and included education about penicillin allergy labels and cross reactivity (handouts, lectures, emails), introduction and explanation of the screening tool, and team-based accountability and behavioral interventions during a three-month period. After implementation, data was collected for the ensuing six months to assess for change in practice. Demographic information and patient-reported PCN allergy reaction data were collected via the electronic medical record. Documentation of adverse reaction to penicillin intraoperatively was collected via review of the anesthesia records. Results A total of 4391 patient records were assessed from September 2018 through February 2020. The percentage of PCN allergic patients receiving first line cephalosporin increased from 35% at baseline to 72% 6 months post-intervention without any reported hypersensitivity reactions. Conclusion Our intervention resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of patients with PCN allergy labels who received first line cephalosporins at our institution.
Study of flow-induced fiber in-plane deformation during high pressure resin transfer molding:

High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding (HP-RTM) is a new variant of composite Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process that enables a short cycle time and a high composite strength to weight ratio, thus ...
3D Texture Feature-Based Lymph Node Automated Detection in Head and Neck Cancer Analysis

Lymph node extracapsular extension (ECE) is a decisive indication for treatment planning of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Lymph node region identification and segmentation is crucial for computer-aided ECE diagnosis. In this research, we propose a systematic machine learning approach to detect lymph node region from computed tomography (CT) scans based on 3D texture features. The process includes three steps: 1) region of interests (ROI) segmentation, where the potential lymph node region is segmented based on morphological operation; 2) 3D Haralick texture features are collected for lymph node and non-lymph node samples, respectively; and 3) three machine learning models with feature extraction and selection approaches are employed for lymph node classification. Based on 5-fold cross-validation, the experimental results have demonstrated that gradient boosting model with feature agglomeration and low variance threshold achieves the test accuracy of 94.48%. To check the explainability of the models, feature analysis is also conducted. The outcome of this research is expected to promote the implementation of artificial intelligence for lymph node detection as well as head and neck cancer diagnosis in the radiology computer vision field.
Clinical features and treatment of acute clenbuterol poisoning in children

Objective To study clinical features,treatment and curative effects in children with acute clenbuterol poisoning,in order to provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical data of 28 hospitalized children with acute clenbuterol poisoning in April 2011 were retrospectively studied.Results Of the 28 patients,there were 15 males and 13 females,aged 1 to 13 years(mean age 6.5±4.8 years).Vomiting,palpitations and limb shaking were found as main clinical manifestations in the patients.Main changes of blood biochemical included hypokalemia,lactic acidosis,hyperglycemia,hypsocreatinkinase.Snus tachycardia and S-T segment depression were observed on ECG.Patients' symptoms were gradually alleviated after 12-78 hours by use of beta blockers,potassium supplement,protecting the heart and other symptomatic and supportive treatment.Blood biochemical indexes were improved after 48 hours of admission.All of the patients were cured after 5 days.The symptoms of the patients do not longer occur during a follow up of half a month.Conclusions Acute clenbuterol poisoning is characterized by vomiting,palpitations,limb shaking,hypokalemia,lactic acidosis and tachycardia in children.An early effective treatment of this disease can improve prognosis in children.
Numerical Issues in Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows and Application to Aeroacoustics

This paper reports on numerical issues in large eddy simulations that have been identified in recent computations of complex flows and theoretical studies. These issues include the effects of inherent numerical dissipation in upwind spatial finitedifference schemes on turbulent power spectra, and the sensitivity of separated and vortex dominated flow solutions to inflow and outflow boundary conditions. We also describe the results from several large eddy simulations of complex turbulent flows, including those performed with a novel numerical technique based on B-splines and a simulation of turbulent flow past an asymmetric trailing-edge with the objective of predicting the far-field noise.
Game‐Playing Programs

Game-playing programs rely on fast, deep search and knowledge to defeat human champions. For more difficult games, simulation and machine learning have been employed, and human cognition is under consideration. Keywords: game playing; heuristic search; machine learning; simulation
Novel agents in the therapy of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell malignancy that typically has a favorable prognosis when treated with chemotherapy, often in combination with radiation therapy. The prognosis for patients whose d...
Smoking cessation in heart failure: it is never too late.

Smoking control efforts have focused recently on primary prevention among teens, rather than adult cessation. This preoccupation with youth has reinforced the feeling that current smokers are a “lost cause.” There is also a feeling that once smoking has led to clinical disease, it is too late to
The gene and cDNA for the human high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor beta chain and expression of the complete human receptor

Abstract The high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) is a tetrameric hetero-oligomer composed of an alpha chain, a beta chain, and two disulfide-linked gamma chains. The beta chain contains four transmembrane (TM) segments and long cytoplasmic domains that are thought to play an important role in intracellular signaling. We now report the structural characterization and the sequence of the complete human beta gene and cDNA. The gene spans approximately 10 kilobases and contains seven exons. There is a single transcription initiation site preceded by a TATA box. The first exon codes for the 5'-untranslated region and a portion of the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail. TM-1 is encoded in exons 2 and 3, TM-2 in exons 3 and 4, TM-3 in exon 5, and TM-4 in exon 6. The seventh and final exon encodes the end of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and the 3'-untranslated sequence. The human beta gene appears to be a single copy gene. Two corresponding transcripts, detected as a doublet around 3.9 kilobases, are present in cells of mast cell and basophil lineage from different individuals, but not in the other hematopoietic cells tested here. The human beta protein is homologous to rodent beta. The consensus amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat beta show 69% identical residues. Analysis of the surface expression of transfected receptors indicates that human alpha gamma and alpha beta gamma complexes are expressed with comparable efficiency. Human beta interacts with human alpha more efficiently than does rat beta, and both rat and mouse beta interact with their corresponding alpha more efficiently than does human beta, demonstrating a species specificity of the alpha/beta interaction.
Coupling real-time surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy with linear-sweep voltammetry

Abstract The broad-based utilization of real-time surface-enhanced Raman spectra, obtained by using an intensified diode-array detector, to examine interfacial redox transformations under cyclic voltammetric conditions is exemplified for the oxidation at gold electrodes of irreversibly adsorbed benzidine and the reduction of adsorbed azoxybenzene. The first reaction, involving a pair of irreversible one-electron oxidation steps, enabled a quantitative comparison to be made between the extent of oxidation of the adsorbed layer during the potential sweep and the simultaneous spectral response. Although relatively slow (10–50 mV s −1 ) sweeps are required in order to yield spectral sequences having a suitably narrow (⩽50 mV) potential interval, the spectral data acquisition requires only a single potential perturbation. This “single-shot” spectroelectrochemical approach, desirable for the examination of irreversible interfacial systems, differs from conventional time-resolved methods that involve signal integration over numerous repetitive perturbations.
Reconsidering the Transformative Potential of Dialogue

In her thoughtful essay, Shilpi Sinha raises important questions about the potential of dialogue to tap into the transformative capacities of students, enabling them to expand their understandings of others. In considering the transformative potential of Ruth Grant’s cognitive dialogue and Rob Reich’s hermeneutic dialogue, Sinha faults both for relying on conceptions of affect that do not successfully engage the not-self but rather refer back to the self. I consider whether Sinha does enough to establish that each form of dialogue in fact fails to meet her conception of affect, and then I conclude by asking whether she sets the bar for transformative education so high that it is unlikely or perhaps impossible to attain.
Incorporation of Payload Uncertainties into Robot Trajectory Planning

A number of trajectory planning algorithms are available for determining a time history of the joint torques, positions, and velocities required to move a manipulator along a given geometric path in minimum time. These schemes require knowledge of the robot's dynamics, which in turn depend upon the characteristics of the payload which the robot is carrying. In practice, the dynamic properties of the payload will not be known exactly, so that the dynamics of the robot, and hence the required joint torques, must be calculated for a nominal set of payload characteristics. But since these trajectory planners generate nominal joint torques which are at the limits of the robot's capabilities, moving the robot along the desired geometric path at speeds calculated for the nominal payload may require torques which exceed the robot's capabilities. In this paper, bounds on joint torque uncertainties are derived in terms of payload uncertainties. This allows the trajectory planner to incorporate payload uncertainties into the trajectory planning process.
Distributed feature extraction for event identification

An important component of ubiquitous computing is the ability to quickly sense the dynamic environment to learn context awareness in real-time. To pervasively capture detailed information of movements, we present a decentralized algorithm for feature extraction within a wireless sensor network. By approaching this problem in a distributed manner, we are able to work within the real constraint of wireless battery power and its effects on processing and network communications. We describe a hardware platform developed for low-power ubiquitous wireless sensing and a distributed feature extraction methodology which is capable of providing more information to the user of events while reducing power consumption. We demonstrate how the collaboration between sensor nodes can provide a means of organizing large networks into information-based clusters.
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs.

Objective: This study was performed in order to determine if mathematical modeling of the canine teeth in dogs could be utilized to provide an accurate and reliable estimation of crown surface area that could be used in both a research and clinical setting. Materials and methods: Actual surface area (aSA) calculations for 32 stone dies of clinical crown preparations were acquired utilizing a tridimensional (3D) laser scanner and 3D computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software applications. These calculations were used as a control. Seventeen unique mathematical models from 8 geometric shapes were used to calculate estimated surface area (eSA) of each stone die. Linear association and agreement between eSA and aSA calculations were assessed with multiple statistical methods. Results: All methods of eSA showed a significant linear association with aSA. Five of the mathematical models [right elliptical frustum (H3), right elliptical cone (G3), right pyramidal cone (A3), right circular frustum (F2) and right circular cone (E1)] were superior to the other 12 models. Conclusions: The H3 mathematical model based on the right elliptical frustum provided the most accurate estimate of crown surface area of dog teeth. However, H3 requires the use of laser scans and a 3D CAD software program. As a result, this model would be recommended for research applications. The E1 mathematical model was similar in accuracy to H3 and, given it requires only two measurements and a comparatively simple equation for calculation, this method would be recommended for clinical chair-side use.
A wayside inspection station [railways]

Temperature data from commercial analog hot box detector equipment is digitalized, the mean and standard deviation are calculated for each side of a train and wheels with temperature values above a predefined upper limit are identified as hot boxes. The upper limit is measured in standard deviation units above the mean. The results of the statistical analysis of the heat data, alarms generated by other detection equipment, such as high and wide load detectors, other inspection data, such as train length, direction, and location of the inspection site, are reported to a control site in ASCII over a communication channel.
Bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque age.

Twenty-five subjects with previously excellent hygiene and healthy gingiva developed heavy plaque accumulations and bleeding or nonbleeding gingivitis about certain papilla after 21 days of no oral hygiene. Gingival marginal plaque about a single papilla was collected at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks of no oral hygiene in each subject. The plaque was dispersed, serially diluted, and plated on MM10 sucrose agar in an oxygen-free atmosphere. From 50 to 100 colonies from a single high-dilution plate were characterized for each sample. Over 8,500 isolates were partially characterized and placed into one of 29 taxonomic species or groups. The flora was predominantly gram-positive at all time periods. Streptococcal species dominated in the 0- and 1-week-old plaques, i.e. 62 and 43% of the colonyforming units (CFU), but dropped to 26 to 32% of the CFU in the 2- and 3-week-old plaques. Actinomyces species dominated in the older plaques, i.e., 40 to 50% of the CFU. Actinomyces israelii was the most prominent species in the older plaques. Veillonella accounted for 15 to 20% of the CFU at all time periods. Although the other gram-negative species increased with time, collectively they averaged less than 5% of the CFU at week 3. The shift from a Streptococcus-dominated plaque to an Actinomyces-dominated plaque was the most striking microbial change observed as the plaque aged.
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN BALTIMORE: ISOLATION OF A VIRUS FROM NORWAY RATS, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INFECTED RAT POPULATIONS

Rats trapped from 14 locations in Baltimore, Maryland, were shown to have antibody to Hantavirus. Antibody prevalence rates were higher in residential locations than in parks. Infected rats were obtained continuously over a six-year period from 1980-1985 at five locations, indicating the enzootic nature of this infection in urban rats in the United States. Prevalence of antibody and geometric mean titers increased with rat mass and sexual maturity, suggesting that infections in rats are acquired through age-related mechanisms. Three isolates of Hantavirus were obtained from rats. One of these isolates was shown by serologic tests and monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns to be similar, if not identical, to rat virus previously obtained from Philadelphia. The presence of rats in many urban settings and the high prevalence of Hantavirus infection in this species suggest that human exposure to this virus is occurring in the United States, although human disease from this exposure has not been recognized.
GI training: Where are we headed

Gastroenterology (GI) fellowship training slots are not expected to increase over the next 10 years despite a 9% estimated US population growth. There is also no expected increase in the number of hours worked per gastroenterologist; instead, this number will probably decrease slightly, as GI will h
Vapor phase deposition of uniform and ultrathin silanes

Uniform, conformal, and ultrathin coatings are needed on the surface of biomedical microdevices such as microfabricated silicon filters, in order to regulate hydrophilicity and minimize unspecific protein adsorption. Currently, the predominant coating methods involve the assembly of normally a silane 'monolayer' onto silicon surfaces in organic solution. A typical prototype molecule is alkyltrichloro- silane. However, this type of molecule is very sensitive to moisture. Even trace amount of water in the organic solution or its environment lead to polymerization.This causes the formation of multilayers with variable thickness, and submicron aggregates or islands on the silicon surface. In this communication we present a vapor-phase coating method of forming a uniform and nanometer thick silanes on silicon surface at ambient pressure using nitrogen as a carrier gas. The modified surface is extremely smooth, with no detectable aggregates. The coatings and subsequent treatments are characterized with ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, contact angles, SFG spectroscopy, and zeta potential in water. The method of deposition is particularly advantageous whenever it is necessary to coat irregular shapes or channels in microdevices, where liquids may have difficult access due to capillary forces.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Field Experiments With the Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer System For UXO Surveys: a Case History

Summary: In March, 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted proof-of-principle tests of the tensor magnetic gradiometer system (TMGS) at the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program’s (SERDP) Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Standardized Test Site at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona. The objective of these tests was to assess the potential of this system for UXO applications and to help us formulate design parameters for an improved tensor magnetic gradiometer system designed specifically for UXO. Although the current TMGS was not designed with UXO applications in mind, it detected the majority of the buried targets in the Calibration Area at YPG. Its performance rivaled that of the cesium vapor companion system, and it showed true tensor gradiometric performance over a selected target.