cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trade Environment Changes and the Expansion of Private Chinese Exports

This paper examines how changes in China's trade environment contributed to the rise in private firm exports. Data from 1997 to 2009 reveal that both increased exposure to multinational firm exports in related industries and expansion in private firm imports at the broad industry level contributed to private firm export growth. The benefits of multinational exposure are particularly strong for consumer goods, and the benefits of private firm provincial imports are most strongly linked to private firm exports of capital goods and intermediate inputs. In contrast, special economic zones and technology zones did not increase private firm exports. Further investigation of the export transaction data at the product level suggest that Chinese private firm export capability was increased by (1) improvements in product quality that was fostered by proximity to multinational firms; and (2) improved access to imported intermediate inputs.
Dr. Norman M. Rich, The International Military Surgeon: His French Connection

In 1967, 1 was spending (and enjoying) a year at Duke University doing research with Dr. D. Silver, under the tutelage of Dr. D. Sabiston. Time was passing by very quickly. Before going back to Paris I wanted to visit Walter Reed General Hospital, which was for me the nec plus ultra of American military medicine. A colleague of Dr. Silver gave me the telephone number of a surgeon he met in Vietnam who was now the Chief of the Vascular Surgery Department at Walter Reed. His name was Norman Rich. I called him, we made an appointment, and I flew to Washington. That visit was the beginning of a true and long friendship which had an enormous influence, not only on my career, but also on my family life when I moved, with my wife, to the United States.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy study of metal-support interactions in Coγ-Al2O3 and Niγ-Al2O3 catalysts

Abstract Series of Ni γ- Al 2 O 3 , Co γ- Al 2 O 3 , and CoMo γ- Al 2 O 3 catalysts which were previously studied by various surface spectroscopy techniques were examined using photoacoustic spectroscopy. Metal-support interactions were found to increase with decreasing metal loading and increasing calcination temperature, in agreement with surface spectroscopy results. Metal oxides segregate on the surface at high metal loading. The qualitative dependence of the tetrahedral metal ion fraction and octahedral metal ion fraction on metal loading and calcination temperature is explained by a simple model. The model describes the competition between bulk tetrahedral metal ion formation and inversion of the spinel at the surface of the support.
Evolution of Neurotransmitter Receptor Systems

The presence of hormones, neurotransmitters, their receptors and biosynthetic and degradative enzymes is clearly not only associated with the present and the recent past but with the past several hundred million years. Evidence is mounting which indicates substantial conservation of protein structure and function of these receptors and enzymes over these tremendous periods of time. These findings indicate that the evolution and development of the nervous system was not dependent upon the formation of new or better transmitter substances, receptor proteins, transducers and effector proteins but involved better utilization of these highly developed elements in creating advanced and refined circuitry. This is not a new concept; it is one that is now substantiated by increasingly sophisticated studies. In a 1953 article discussing chemical aspects of evolution (Danielli, 1953) Danielli quotes Medawar, "... endocrine evolution is not an evolution of hormones but an evolution of the uses to which they are put; an evolution not, to put it crudely, of chemical formulae but of reactivities, reaction patterns and tissue competences." To also quote Danielli, "In terms of comparative biochemistry, one must ask to what extent the evolution of these reactivities, reaction patterns and competences is conditional upon the evolution of methods of synthesis of new proteins, etc., and to what extent the proteins, etc., are always within the synthetic competence of an organism. In the latter case evolution is the history of changing uses of molecules, and not of changing synthetic abilities." (Danielli, 1953). Figure 4 outlines a phylogenetic tree together with an indication of where evidence exists for both the enzymes that determine the biosynthesis and metabolism of the cholinergic and adrenergic transmitters and their specific cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. This figure illustrates a number of important points. For example, the evidence appears to show that the transmitters and their associated enzymes existed for a substantial period before their respective receptor proteins. While the transmitters and enzymes appear to exist in single cellular organisms, there is no solid evidence for the presence of adrenergic or cholinergic receptors until multicellular organisms where the receptors appear to be clearly associated with specific cellular and neuronal communication (Fig. 4). One can only speculate as to the possible role for acetylcholine and the catecholamine in single cell organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cognitive Vulnerability to Unipolar and Bipolar Mood Disorders

In this article, we review findings on the role of negative cognitive styles and information processing biases as cognitive vulnerabilities to unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. We first briefly describe the cognitive theories of unipolar depression and the logic of their extension to bipolar disorders, as well as methodological issues involved in conducting vulnerability research, particularly with bipolar samples. We then review the evidence for negative cognitive styles, information processing, and rumination, alone and in combination with life events, as vulnerabilities to unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, as well as the developmental antecedents of cognitive vulnerability to both forms of mood disorder. In our review, we give particular attention to the findings from the Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project and the Wisconsin-Temple Longitudinal Investigation of Bipolar Spectrum Project. Our review suggests that similar cognitive vulnerabilities may increase individ...
Efficient dipole iteration in polarizable charged systems using the cell multipole method and application to polarizable water

Abstract The fast multipole method (FMM) and its Cartesian version, the cell multipole method (CMM), allow efficient computation of Coulomb energy and forces in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In another work [R. Kutteh and J.B. Nicholas, Implementing the cell multipole method for dipolar and charged dipolar systems, Comput. Phys. Commun., this issue], we implemented CMM for efficient and accurate computation of the energy and forces in dipolar and charged dipolar systems. While CMM provides an efficient way of computing energy and forces in large polarizable systems, the self-consistent dipole iteration remains a computational bottleneck in simulations of these systems. In this paper, we apply CMM (single-level) to substantially reduce the single-iteration time. We further reduce the single-iteration time using a refined CMM iterative algorithm. In addition, we introduce an iterative predictor scheme to reduce the number of iterations to self-consistency. We apply these algorithms to polarizable water using the polarizable SPC (PSPC) model. The “refined CMM/predictor” iterative algorithm is shown to be accurate and extremely efficient. It removes the dipole iteration computational bottleneck in simulations of large polarizable systems.
Nursing Perspectives on Cancer Screening in Adults With Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities

Abstract Health care disparities have been documented in cancer screenings of adults with intellectual and other developmental disabilities. Developmental disabilities nurses were surveyed to better understand and improve this deficiency. Two thirds of respondents believed that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities received fewer cancer screenings compared with the general population. The most frequently cited barriers to cancer screenings were as follows: patient need for sedation, unsuccessful attempts at screening, and failure of the primary care clinician to order cancer screening tests. Nurses observed that health care providers frequently did not tailor cancer screening recommendations to individuals' family histories, life expectancies, or their disability-specific cancer risks. The authors suggest interventions to improve cancer screening centered around education and training, accessibility, financing–insurance, modification of procedures, and patient tracking.
Tailoring the polymeric nanoparticles for rubber reinforcement

Polymeric nanoparticles with brush-like polydiene as the shell and crosslinked polystyrene as the core are synthesized using anionic polymerization via a self-assembly process of macromolecules in solutions. The microstructures of nanoparticles were designed to match those of the matrix polymer used for tire compounds. Desirable compound properties were obtained by tailoring the shell sizes of the nanoparticles. Depending on the core/shell structures of the nanopartilces, the addition of the nanosized particles may impart the compound ultimate physical properties. Well reinforced compounds with enhanced dynamical storage modulus (G′) without increasing their dependences on temperature and deformation strain can be obtained by the addition of the nanoparticle with lengthened shell chains. Improved tensile mechanical properties without increasing high-temperature hysteresis were also attained by such reinforcement. Passenger and truck tire applications can be advantageously benefited from these properties with improved tire handling and cornering consistence without increasing the rolling resistance and the sacrifices of other performances. A miscibility study was conducted on various binary blends of nanoparticle and rubber matrix. The compatibility between the nanoparticle and the matrix rubber along with the core concentration were demonstrated to be responsible for the observed improved compound properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evaluation of the stormer viscosimeter in the measurement of certain pharmaceutical systems

The performance of the Stormer viscosimeter was analyzed in detail by the study of the rheological properties of natural gums (acacia and tragacanth) and of synthetic gums (methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose). Two Newtonian systems (glycerin and sucrose solutions) were also investigated. Several different concentrations of each material were studied. There appeared to be an increase in viscosity with increasing rate of shear for most of the systems at the lower concentrations; a level of concentration was eventually reached where all the gum systems exhibited pseudoplastic characteristics and the Newtonian systems true linearity.
Neural Networks for Rapid Reduction Interpretation of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Results

Nondestructive testing (NDT) of pavements has made substantial progress during the past two decades. Most algorithms currently used to determine the remaining life of pavements rely on stiffness parameters determined from NDT devices. One major area of continual improvement is the reliable extraction of stiffness parameters from nondestructive field data. The spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method is one of the more frequently used NDT methods because of its capabilities in characterizing the near-surface layers effectively. In this method, time records obtained with vibration sensors are used to obtain an experimental dispersion curve, which, through an inversion procedure, provides an estimate of the elastic modulus profile of the pavement. The inversion process requires a significant computational effort or frequent operator intervention. To improve the user-friendliness of the inversion process, an algorithm for the rapid reduction of the SASW data was developed. Thickness and modulus of each pavement layer are estimated in real time using artificial neural network models. These models serve a dual purpose: (a) the results from the neural network models can be used to approximate the layer properties of a given pavement section and (b) it can be used as a first approximation to the traditional inversion process. The reduction algorithm appears to be robust and to yield consistent results in almost real time.
The Process of Developing a Partnership Between Teaching Artists and Teachers

ABSTRACT A Participant/Observer chronicles and reflects upon the process of developing the partnership between the teaching artist and teacher.
Mathematical aids in air route network design

Some simple mathematical models relating to various attributes of a route network are presented. These models include number and duration of potential conflicts, intersection and air route capacity, flight and route mileage, and intersection density. Using these models enables a designer to compare quantitatively the various network design alternatives. An outline of a computer program that systematically computes the various attributes is presented.
Vortices induced in a stagnation region by wakes - Their incipient formation and effects on heat transfer from cylinders

Horseshoe-like vortices, induced by wakes in the stagnation region of bluff bodies, are proposed as an efficient mechanism for augmentation of convective heat transfer. The vortex 'flow module' induced by single or multiple wakes, which had not been observed previously, was first documented and the resulting flow field was studied using various visualization techniques and hot-wire anemometry. In an attempt to understand the driving force behind this flow module, the conditions at which incipient formation of the vortices occurs were investigated. Existence of such a threshold is essential and was hitherto an open question in analytical studies of stability of flow in stagnation region. Finally, effects of the flow module on heat transfer from a cylinder were measured.
Purification and characterization of acid proteinase from Neosartorya fischeri var. spinosa IBT 4872

An acid proteinase from Neosartorya fischeri var. spinosa IBT 4872 was purified 38-fold with a yield of 11% by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex-G200 gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The enzyme was most active at pH 3·0 and 50 °C and had a molecular weight of 45 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. It was stable over a pH range of 3·0 to 6·0 and exhibited thermal stability up to 50 °C. The Km value for haemoglobin was 0·44% (w/v). The activity was inhibited by pepstatin, suggesting that the enzyme is an aspartic proteinase.
The validity, reliability and generalizability of diary data.

There is need for reliable and valid behavioral measures for field research. Five sets of data were analyzed, in which diary as well as interview approaches were taken. Results suggest that scores derived from one-week diaries have satisfactory construct validity (convergent, predictive and nomological); that, for salient activities, they are less subjective to retrospective bias than are interview data and that, for this reason, interview-diary discrepancies may be useful for hypothesis testing. For items of neutral value, interview and diary provided remarkably similar values. A one-day diary was not an adequate substitute for a one-week diary. Attrition related to diary-keeping resulted in under-representation of certain groups (e.g., low income, little education, minority ethnicity, poor health), and conclusions would be different if based on diarists' responses or those of the intact sample.
THE SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS BY SYSTEMS CONTAINING LIGHT NUCLEI

The general expression for the slow-neutron cross section of a molecule is cast in a form which allows an explicit formulation of the assumption, that the duration of the collision is short compared to the natural periods of the molecule. It is shown that the assumption allows one to extend Placzek's results to molecules containing light nuclei, with only minor modifications. The limits of validity of the assumption are discussed, and the possibilities of exceptions are studied in detail on some examples.
Copper metabolism and pediatric cholestasis.

Purpose of reviewCopper is an essential trace mineral but both deficiency and toxicity need to be avoided. Copper is regulated via excretion by the biliary system and caution was recommended when administered in patients with cholestasis. Recent clinical reports indicate that despite the cholestasis
Protein kinases and the response to DNA damage

Exposure of eukaryotic cells to DNA damaging agents induces gene expression and inhibits cell cycle progression. The first response to damage that has been measured is an increase in protein kinase activity. Several protein kinases are activated in cells exposed to DNA damaging agents, and other kinases that correct damage hypersensitivity mutants have been identified genetically. Current challenges include determining which responses result from damage to DNA and identifying the immediate detectors of damaged DNA that initiate signal transduction.
Increased Water Storage at Ice-stream Onsets: A Critical Mechanism?

The interdependence of rapid ice flow, surface topography and the spatial distribution of subglacial water are examined by linking existing theories. The motivation is to investigate whether the acceleration of an ice-stream tributary contains a positive feedback that encourages the retention of subglacial water that leads to faster flow. Periodically varying surface and bed topographies are related through a linear ice-flow perturbation theory for various values of mean surface slope, perturbation amplitude and basal sliding speeds. The topographic variations lead to a periodic variation in hydraulic potential that is used to infer the tendency for subglacial water to be retained in local hydraulic potential minima. If water retention leads to enhanced basal sliding, a positive feedback loop is closed that could explain the transition from slower tributary flow to faster-streaming flow and the sustained downstream acceleration along the tributary-ice-stream system. A sensitivity study illustrates that the same range of topographic wavelengths most effectively transmitted from the bed to the surface also strongly influences the behavior of subglacial water. A lubrication index is defined to qualitatively measure the heterogeneity of the subglacial hydrologic system. Application of this index to field data shows that the transition from tributary to ice stream closely agrees with the location where subglacial water may be first stored.
Comment on "Stability of Rotating Stratified Fluids"

These agree with the classical results for n = 0, 1, and give very simple expressions for n > 1. References 1 Sears, W. R., "Some Aspects of Non-Stationary Airfoil Theory and its Practical Application," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1941, pp. 104-108. 2 Kemp, N. H., "On the Lift and Circulation of Airfoils in Some Unsteady-Flow Problems," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 10, Oct. 1952, pp. 713-714. 3 Kemp, N. H. and Sears, W. R., "Aerodynamic Interference Between Moving Blade Rows," Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 9, Sept. 1953, pp. 585-598. 4 Osborne, C, "Unsteady Thin-Airfoil Theory for Subsonic Flow," AIAA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, Feb. 1973, pp. 205-209. 5 Kemp, N. H., "Closed-Form Lift and Moment for Osborne's Unsteady Thin-Airfoil Theory," AIAA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 9, Sept. 1973, pp. 1358-1360.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for Acetylcholinesterase mRNA in rat brain

In order to examine the molecular basis for regional variation in expression of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and assay using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed to measure steady state levels of AChE mRNA. The amplification method was designed to be specific for templates derived from AChE mRNA and to avoid potential artifacts induced by the presence of genomic DNA. RT-PCR made it possible to assay AChE mRNA in milligram samples from different regions of the rat brain. Determinations by RT-PCR were faster and more sensitive than Northern blotting. The results, including a surprisingly low level of AChE mRNA in the caudate nucleus, agreed with earlier observations by Northern blot and in-situ hybridization. Quantitative RT-PCR may be useful in future studies on developmental and physiological regulation of AChE expression in the brain.
Goal-setting paradoxes? Trade-offs between working hard and working smart: The United States versus China

This article proposes a model of the impact of goal difficulty and goal specificity on selling behaviors (selling effort, adaptive selling, and sales planning) and hence sales and behavior performance. The model suggests that goal-setting factors may have opposing effects on different sales behaviors. The empirical findings suggest that goal difficulty positively influences selling effort while negatively influencing adaptive selling behaviors. The results show that goal difficulty and goal specificity both have opposite effects on the two dimensions of working smart: adaptive selling and sales planning. The findings support the need for sales managers to account for the cultural context of the salesperson when determining optimal goal-setting strategies. With data collected from salespeople in the United States and China, the cross-cultural differences regarding the effects of goal-setting factors are also proposed and empirically supported.
Management of spinal metastases

Abstract Spinal metastasis is a frequent oncologic and neurosurgical emergency in patients with cancer. Most patients present with back pain and the diagnosis is established with a screening MRI of the spine. Treatment options include steroids, biphosphonates, radiation therapy, surgery and radiosurgery. Pain management is a very important aspect and includes opioids, anti-inflammatory agents, newer anticonvulsants and tricyclic anti-depressants, as well as placement of intrathecal morphine pumps in selected cases. Our experience with 45 patients with metastatic disease to the spine treated surgically at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute is also reviewed. Current surgical techniques address both tumor resection and stabilization of the spine. In most instances, treatment must be individualized and take into consideration the patient’s wishes, and expected quality and duration of remainder life.
The Influence of Environmental Sound Training on the Perception of Spectrally Degraded Speech and Environmental Sounds

Perceptual training with spectrally degraded environmental sounds results in improved environmental sound identification, with benefits shown to extend to untrained speech perception as well. The present study extended those findings to examine longer-term training effects as well as effects of mere repeated exposure to sounds over time. Participants received two pretests (1 week apart) prior to a week-long environmental sound training regimen, which was followed by two posttest sessions, separated by another week without training. Spectrally degraded stimuli, processed with a four-channel vocoder, consisted of a 160-item environmental sound test, word and sentence tests, and a battery of basic auditory abilities and cognitive tests. Results indicated significant improvements in all speech and environmental sound scores between the initial pretest and the last posttest with performance increments following both exposure and training. For environmental sounds (the stimulus class that was trained), the magnitude of positive change that accompanied training was much greater than that due to exposure alone, with improvement for untrained sounds roughly comparable to the speech benefit from exposure. Additional tests of auditory and cognitive abilities showed that speech and environmental sound performance were differentially correlated with tests of spectral and temporal-fine-structure processing, whereas working memory and executive function were correlated with speech, but not environmental sound perception. These findings indicate generalizability of environmental sound training and provide a basis for implementing environmental sound training programs for cochlear implant (CI) patients.
THE SPIRIT OF DEMOCRACY AND THE RHETORIC OF EXCESS

If militarism violates the ideals of liberty and justice in one way, and rapidly increasing social stratification violates them in another, then American democracy is in crisis. A culture of democratic accountability will survive only if citizens revive the concerns that animated the great reform movements of the past, from abolitionism to civil rights. It is crucial, when reasoning about practical matters, not only to admit how grave one's situation is, but also to resist despair. Therefore, the fate of democracy depends, to some significant degree, on how we choose to describe the crisis. Saying that we have already entered the new dark ages or a post-democratic era may prove to be a self-fulfilling prophecy, because anyone who accepts this message is apt to give up on the hard work of organizing and contestation that is needed to hold political representatives accountable to the people. This paper asks how one might strike the right balance between accuracy and hope in describing the democracy's current troubles. After saying what I mean by democracy and what I think the current threats to it are, I respond to Romand Coles's criticisms of reservations I have expressed before about rhetorical excess in the works of Stanley Hauerwas, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Richard Rorty. This leads to a discussion of several points raised against me by Hauerwas. A digression offers some of my reasons for doubting that John Howard Yoder's biblical scholarship vindicates Hauerwas's version of pacifism. The paper concludes by arguing that Sheldon Wolin's work on the evisceration of democracy, though admirably accurate in its treatment of the dangers posed by empire and capital, abandons the project of democratic accountability too quickly in favor of the romance of the fugitive.
Percolation-Enhanced Supercontinuum and Second-Harmonic Generation from Metal Nanoshells

We present results for linear and nonlinear light scattering experiments from percolative silver nanoshells on dielectric silica cores. Using ultrashort pulsed laser illumination we observe strong nonlinear optical (NLO) responses from single metallodielectric core-shell (MDSC) spheres and disordered MDSC sphere aggregates. Finally, combining scaling theory with core-shell Mie scattering formalism we obtain a new model for the observed linear extinction signals.
BIS(DIAZASILAPHOSPHETIDINES) AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES

The syntheses and solid-state structures of bis(diazasilaphosphetidines) of the type [Me 2 Si(μ-N t Bu) 2 P] 2 NR, R = Ph, i Pr, t Bu, of the P-chiral analogue [Me 2 Si(μ-N t Bu)(μ-N-2,6- i PrPh)P] 2 (C 2 H 4 ), and of some of their metal complexes are reported. The highly electron-rich, modular bis(phosphines) are easy to synthesize and may have applications in catalysis.
A differential evolution approach to optimal generator maintenance scheduling of the nigerian power system

The goal of optimal generator maintenance scheduling is to evolve optimal preventive maintenance schedule of generating units for economical and reliable operation of a power system while satisfying system load demand and crew constraints. In this paper, the differential evolution (DE), an evolutionary computation algorithm that utilizes the differential information to guide its further search, is applied to effectively solve the generator maintenance scheduling (GMS) optimization problem. The proposed method can handle mixed integer discrete continuous optimization problems. Results are presented with the DE algorithm on two different case studies for Nigerian power system.
Schizophrenia as a model of context-deficient cortical computation

Phillips & Singer's compelling presentation is weakest in its demonstration of commonalities between sensory plasticity and higher forms of learning and behavior. We propose that available data on schizophrenia can provide such evidence, because of the presence of impairments in a number of functions central to their model, and strong relationships between these dysfunctions and behavior.
Teacher–student interactions and attachment states of mind as predictors of early romantic involvement and risky sexual behaviors

Adolescents’ capacities to negotiate sexual behavior in romantic relationships have important implications for their reproductive and health outcomes. This study examined adolescents’ interactions ...
Understanding Relationships Using Copulas

Abstract This article introduces actuaries to the concept of “copulas,” a tool for understanding relationships among multivariate outcomes. A copula is a function that links univariate marginals to their full multivariate distribution. Copulas were introduced in 1959 in the context of probabilistic metric spaces. The literature on the statistical properties and applications of copulas has been developing rapidly in recent years. This article explores some of these practical applications, including estimation of joint life mortality and multidecrement models. In addition, we describe basic properties of copulas, their relationships to measures of dependence, and several families of copulas that have appeared in the literature. An annotated bibliography provides a resource for researchers and practitioners who wish to continue their study of copulas. For those who wish to use copulas for statistical inference, we illustrate statistical inference procedures by using insurance company data on losses and expen...
Experienced Managers' Performance in Experimental Man-Machine Decision System Simulation

Experienced managers participated individually in an interactive system simulation of joint human-computer policy setting and decision making. Certain individual personality factors of the managers...
Design, implementation, and simulation of a PLC based speed controller using fuzzy logic

Successful implementation of the fuzzy method for speed control of a motor/generator set using a general-purpose programmable logic controller (PLC) is demonstrated in this paper. Speed control of DC motors via a changing armature voltage is a common practice throughout industry. In addition, general-purpose PLCs are the most common controllers utilized in the control of power plants and industrial plants. However, this work suggests a method for increasing the utilization level of an existing general-purpose PLC. In effect, the PLC is requested to perform the additional task of speed control using the elegant and effective fuzzy scheme. With a control scheme based on fuzzy methods, the speed control algorithm was accomplished from within the standard PLC ladder-logic. In addition, simulations were performed for a speed governor for a typical 11 MW steam turbine.
Sexuality and sexual adjustment of patients with chronic pain

Purpose: To describe sexual functioning and its relationship with psychological measures in chronic pain patients.Method: It is a self report survey with a convenience sample. Seventy consenting chronic pain patients responded to a questionnaire. Mean age was 49-9 years (range 29–74); mean pain duration was 146–7 months (range 6–624). Participants endorsed a wide variety of pain conditions.Instruments used: (1) Derogatis Inventory of Sexual Functioning; (2) Multidimensional Pain Inventory; (3) Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; (4) Multidimensional Health Locus of Control; (5) Hopkins Symptom Check List; (6) Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory; (7) Coping Strategies Questionnaire.Results: Sixty-six per cent of patients were interested in sex, 50% were satisfied with current sexual partner and 20% considered current sexual life to be adequate. Over 70% fantasized at least once a month. Only 44% experienced normal arousal during intercourse; 33% practiced masturbation and 47 % were involv...
Stereotypical Physiological Properties Emerge During Early Neuronal and Glial Lineage Development in the Embryonic Rat Neocortex

Surface immunolabeling was used together with membrane potential and/or Ca 2+ indicator dyes to characterize physiological properties emerging among precursors, neuroglial progenitors and differentiating neurons during neurogenesis of embryonic rat neocortex. Cells were immunoidentified with tetanus toxin (TnTx), which binds to gangliosides expressed by neurons, and anti-A2B5, which reacts with gangliosides expressed by neuroglial progenitors. Microdissection of the neocortex into ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) and cortical plate/subplate (CP/SP) regions further resolved the TnTx/A2B5-immunoidentified cells into pre- and post-migratory subpopulations. Quantitative immunocytochemistry revealed mainly proliferative (BrdU + ) and immature (nestin + )e lements among TnTx – A2B5 – precursors and TnTx – A2B5 + progenitors in the VZ/SVZ, and the appearance of neuron-specific antigens among post-mitotic TnTx + subpopulations of the CP/SP. Flow cytometry of acutely prepared cells in suspension and dual-imaging of cells in culture revealed that ionotropic amino acid receptors and metabotropic acetylcholine receptors closely paralleled the emergence of voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels and Na + –Ca 2+ exchange activity among TnTx + neuronal progenitors migrating from VZ/SVZ to CP/SP. During this period, TnTx – A2B5 – precursors and TnTx – A2B5 + neuroglial progenitors from VZ/SVZ predominantly exhibited Ca 2+ responses to ATP. Thus, stereotypical and contrasting physiologies emerge among embryonic cortical cells in vivo as they initially progress from proliferating precursors and progenitors along neuronal and glial cell lineages.
State Policies About Physical Activity Minutes in Physical Education or During School

BACKGROUND School policies can change practices on a relatively permanent basis. This study investigated adoption and implementation of state-level policies specifying minutes (or percent) of physical activity in physical education (PE) or during school. METHODS Policies were identified from existing databases and rated as having weak, moderate, or strong wording. Interviews with state-level PE coordinators were conducted to investigate the level of implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of the identified policies. RESULTS Sixteen states had a policy that met inclusion criteria (19 policies total); 11 states had a policy addressing minutes of physical activity during school, 2 had a policy addressing percent of PE time to be spent in physical activity, and 3 had policies addressing both. None of the 19 policies were rated as having strong wording and 5 were rated as having moderate wording. The range in minutes of physical activity per week addressed in the policies was 60 to 300. Four of the 5 (elementary) and 5 of 5 (middle) policies addressing percent of PE spent physically active specified 50%. The only monitoring efforts reported consisted of schools self-reporting progress to the state. CONCLUSIONS More states need to adopt school physical activity policies and policy language needs to be more specific to prevent potential loopholes. Monitoring and evaluation strategies, beyond school self-report, are likely needed for these policies to lead to increases in physical activity.
Balancing computation and communication costs: The case for hybrid execution in sensor networks

Virtual machines (VM) are promising as system software in sensor networks. A major impediment to their widespread acceptance is their performance overhead. The compilation of VM byte code to native code improves performance, but increases the code's footprint and cost of code distribution. Thus, there is an important tradeoff between the cost of computing and the cost of communication due to code distribution. We describe a remote Just-In-Time compilation service that is effective in combining interpretation with native execution to arrive at an efficient hybrid execution configuration. The principles may be applied to any middleware that is used to develop applications for sensor networks.
The Measurement of Team Mental Models: We Have No Shared Schema

This article seeks to promote the advancement of empirical research on team mental models by (a) highlighting the conceptual work that must precede the selection of any measurement tool, (b) deline...
Helmholtz and the liberal unification of science

L'article se base sur des elements biographiques se rapportant a Hermann von Helmholtz, figure marquante de la science allemande du milieu du XIXe siecle. Il analyse ses objectifs et ses aspirations qui refletaient les valeurs de la societe liberale allemande de cette periode ainsi que sa contribution a une production du savoir commune. Sa volonte a instaurer des bases empiriques et inductives pour toutes les sciences est presentee et discutee dans la deuxieme partie de l'article.
Molecular characterization of CYP73A9 and CYP82A1 P450 genes involved in plant defense in pea.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) mediate a wide range of oxidative reactions involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, terpenes, and alkaloids. Two pea ( Pisum sativum ) P450 cDNAs ( CYP73A9v1, encoding trans-cinnamic acid hydroxylase [ t -CAH] in the core phenylpropanoid pathway, and CYP82A1v1 , possibly encoding an activity in a late branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway) have previously been described. Of three CYP73A9 genes now isolated, the CYP73A9v1 gene is full-length with two introns at positions conserved in other t-CAH genes, and the CYP73A9v2 and CYP73A9v3 gene fragments are 5′-truncated and lack introns. The full-length CYP82A1v2 gene contains a single intron at an alternate position. Nucleotide searches of the CYP73A9v1 and CYP82A1v2 promoters have indicated that the regulatory sequences for these early and late phenylpropanoid transcripts are substantially different. The P-, L-, and H-boxes identified in white light-, ultraviolet light-, and elicitor-induced footprints in early phenylpropanoid promoters (phenylalanine ammonia lyase [ PAL ], 4-coumarate coenzyme A:ligase [ 4-CL ], and chalcone synthase [ CHS ]) are conserved in the t-CAH promoter and are absent from the CYP82A1v2 promoter. Both promoters contain TCA motifs identified in stress-responsive promoters, box IV elements identified in elicitor-responsive PAL and CHS promoters, and spatially conserved wound-response elements potentially coordinating regulation of these wound-responsive promoters.
Low-Frequency Noise Measurements of AlGaN/GaN Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors With HfAlO Gate Dielectric

We report on the low-frequency phase-noise measurements of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors employing HfAlO as the gate dielectric. Some devices tested exhibited noise spectra deviating from the well-known 1/fγ spectrum. These devices showed broad peaks in the noise spectral density versus frequency plots, which shifted toward higher frequencies at elevated temperatures. The temperature dependence of the frequency position of this peak allowed us to determine the energy level of these excess traps as 0.22 ± 0.06 eV below the conduction band for the bias conditions employed.
Ethnic Inequalities and Educational Attainment in Taiwan

In this article, the authors examine educational stratification in Taiwan against the background of an ethnically based political economy. They investigate how educational attainment is related to ethnicity and other background factors, such as parental class and education, and if these relationships changed over time as Taiwan became a more industrial and democratic society. The findings reveal that while children from Mainlander families are overall more likely to achieve higher levels of education and make the crucial transition of graduating from secondary schools, this ethnic effect does not hold when parental class and education are taken into account. Parental class and education do matter, although they have diminished in importance over time. The authors relate these findings to theories of the relationship between industrialization and educational attainment.
Prediction of primary breast cancer size and T-stage using micro-computed tomography in lumpectomy specimens.

Background: Histopathology is the only accepted method to measure and stage the breast tumor size. However, there is a need to find another method to measure and stage the tumor size when the pathological assessment is not available. Micro-computed tomography. (micro-CT) has the ability to measure tumor in three dimensions in an intact lumpectomy specimen. In this study, we aimed to determine the accuracy of micro-CT to measure and stage the primary tumor size in breast lumpectomy specimens, as compared to the histopathology. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two women who underwent lumpectomy surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Surgery from June 2011 to September 2011, and from August 2013 to December 2013 participated in this study. The lumpectomy specimens were scanned using micro-CT followed by routine pathological processing. The maximum dimension of the invasive breast tumor was obtained from the micro-CT image and was compared to the corresponding pathology report for each subject. Results: The invasive tumor size measurement by micro-CT was underestimated in 24. cases. (33%), overestimated in 37. cases. (51%), and matched it exactly in 11. cases. (15%) compared to the histopathology measurement for all the cases. However, micro-CT T.stage classification differed from histopathology in only 11. (15.2%) with 6. cases. (8.3%) classified as a higher stage by micro-CT, and 5. cases. (6.9%) classified as lower compared to histopathology. In addition, micro-CT demonstrated a statically significant strong agreement (κ =0.6, P < 0.05) with pathological tumor size and staging for invasive ductal carcinoma. (IDC) group. In contrast, there was no agreement. (κ = .2, P = 0.67) between micro-CT and pathology in estimating and staging tumor size for invasive lobular carcinoma. (ILC) group. This could be explained by a small sample size. (7) for ILC group. Conclusions: Micro-CT is a promising modality for measuring and staging the IDC.
Home intravenous antimicrobial therapy provided by a community hospital and a university hospital.

A home intravenous antimicrobial program that was implemented at both a private community hospital and a university hospital with a wide rural referral base is described. Over an 18-month period, 63 patients were screened and selected for home i.v. antimicrobial management according to stringent criteria. The hospital pharmacies and two home health-care companies were used as the central points for coordinating the preparation and distribution of drug products and providing specialty nursing services. Predischarge inhospital education for each patient was conducted by a pharmacist and a nurse. On-call pharmacists and nurses were available to monitor and assist the patients, and the patients were seen regularly by physicians during the period of home therapy. The 63 patients received a total of 1108 days of home i.v. antimicrobial therapy; the mean duration of therapy was 17.6 days. Heparin-lock peripheral cannulae were used for 51 patients, while 12 patients received their treatment through central-subclavian or Hickman catheters. Home i.v. antimicrobial treatment seemed to be as effective as comparable inpatient management for each type of infection. Drug- and i.v. catheter-related adverse effects were uncommon and seemed similar in type and frequency to those of hospitalized patients. The estimated cost savings per treatment course was $3,514 for a total net savings of $221,406 over the 18-month study period. Home i.v. antimicrobial treatment programs can be successfully implemented in both community-based and tertiary-care settings. Home therapy is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective alternative to prolonged hospitalization for a variety of infectious diseases.
An Unusual Osteogenic Lesion of a Finger

A case of an unusual extraskeletal osteogenic lesion of the finger is reported. The lesion has shown no evidence of local recurrence three and one-half years after surgery and the patient has demonstrated no evidence of systemic manifestation of this lesion.
Projective identification, countertransference, and hospital treatment.

The principal purpose of this article is to illustrate the pivotal function of projective identification within the therapeutic milieu of the hospital. A detailed description of crises in the treatment of two patients undergoing long-term inpatient psychiatric treatment is given. These patients suffered from very different psychiatric illnesses; hence, their cases illustrate some features of hospital treatment that cut across different types and degrees of severity of psychopathology
Movements of Breeding Coyotes with Emphasis on Den Site Relationships

The movements of seven coyotes in relation to den sites and the spatial interactions of four of the coyotes, two mated pairs, were investigated with radio-telemetry in southeastern Nebraska. Coyotes involved in rearing pups generally increased their activity around den sites from prebreeding through breeding, gestation, nursing, and early pup training periods. Strong social bonds were evident in one mated pair from January through October 1976 and in another pair from July 1977 through June 1978.
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Asians: Principles and Techniques

Lee L.Q. Pu, Yu-Ray Chen, Qing-Feng Li, Woffles Wu, Dae-Hwan Park, Susumu Takayanagi, Fu-Chan Wei, eds. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Asians: Principles and Techniques . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2015. ISBN-13: 978-1482240870, ISBN-10: 1482240874. $450.00. ![Graphic][1] Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Asians : Principles and Techniques is the culmination of a monumental effort by well-known experts in the field, Dr Lee L.Q. Pu and his six coeditors. The magnitude of this undertaking is astounding since it involves 90 contributors from multiple Asian countries. This beautiful two-volume set is very timely since the popularity of aesthetic plastic surgery in Asia is skyrocketing with no limit in sight. The two volumes consist of 74 chapters under 10 major sections and also include four chapters on breast reconstruction. In Asia, breast reconstruction is usually considered cosmetic in nature. The set also includes three DVDs and a complimentary eBook version. The quality of writing and editing is excellent. This by itself is a testament to Dr Pu and his coeditors since many of the authors come from countries where English is not their first language. Many chapters include remarks on pertinent differences between Asian and Caucasian anatomy. High quality artwork and images run throughout the book along with clear tables and algorithms. Each … Corresponding Author: Dr Clyde H. Ishii, 1329 Lusitana Street, Suite 304, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. E-mail: cishii{at}ishiiplasticsurgery.com [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif