cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural intelligence, perceived inclusion, and cultural diversity in workgroups

Abstract The positive effects of cultural intelligence (CQ) and perceived inclusion in culturally diverse contexts are well-documented, but the relationship between these constructs has not been explored despite them sharing common themes. We examine the relationships between individual-level CQ, perceived inclusion, and perceived cultural diversity in a sample of 925 individuals working in culturally diverse groups. Our results showed that individuals' CQ predicts their perceived inclusion in workgroups. Moreover, individuals' perceived inclusion in workgroups is related to further CQ development in these individuals, and this relationship is stronger when individuals perceive greater cultural diversity in their workgroups. These findings extend research on factors contributing to individual differences in CQ and perceived inclusion in workgroups. We discuss implications for enhancing perceived inclusion and CQ in culturally diverse workgroups.
Abstract D016: Colorectal cancer education among ethnic minority populations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although the disease is primarily found among older adults, racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by CRC. Most CRC deaths can be prevented through early screening; yet, in most states, less than 20% of racial and ethnic minorities report having had a blood stool test within the past year. The Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD) launched the Screen to Save (S2S): NCI Colorectal Cancer Outreach and Screening Initiative to increase CRC screening rates among racially and ethnically diverse and rural communities across the nation. City of Hope community health educators (CHEs) worked with community, clinical, and academic partners to conduct CRC educational workshops (via PowerPoint/Flipchart) and outreach activities, and promoted screening tools, such as FIT kits, among racially and ethnically diverse populations. We administered NCI developed pre/post surveys that assessed any changes in CRC knowledge and intention to screen. A total of 134 persons received the S2S education. Most (66%) were age 50 or older; 84% were female; and 62% self-reported as Hispanics/Latinos; 14% African-American. Most (52%) preferred Spanish, 44% had less than a high school education, and 17% of had no insurance. Most (79%) of participants age 50 or older have been previously screened for colorectal cancer. Results show statistically significant increases in knowledge about colon cancer risk and prevention practices with all groups showing an increase in scores across the two time periods (Z=-7.843; p Citation Format: Mayra Serrano, Kimlin Ashing, Alejandro Fernandez, Katty Nerio, Marisela Garcia. Colorectal cancer education among ethnic minority populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr D016.
Nanoparticle-based formulation for drug repurposing in cancer treatment

Abstract Nanomedicine, which has the advantage of enhancing drug efficacy while attenuating side effects, has been extensively explored in repurposing drugs, especially for cancer therapy application. In this chapter, we discuss the history and benefits of nanomedicines and combinational nanomedicines and their current status in drug repurposing. In addition, a successful story about the repurposing of suramin with glycol chitosan based nanoparticle in combination with doxorubicin for the prevention of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is given. Furthermore, a future direction for drug repurposing in cancer treatment is proposed.
Increasing Student Interest and Self-Efficacy in STEM by Offering a Service-Learning Chemistry Course in New Orleans

There is a growing need for workers with STEM-aligned training in the modern global economy, but a paucity of workers to fill these positions. One important contributor to this issue is low student persistence in STEM. Nontraditional science courses that utilize more active-participation and learning are attractive as tools to increase student persistence and engender more interest in STEM. Herein is described the content and implementation of the undergraduate chemistry-based service-learning course, Chemistry 1898: Service Learning, that was offered in Spring 2019 at Tulane University. The goal of the course was to increase self-efficacy in chemistry and sustain undergraduate interest in STEM. The course also serves to increase STEM interest in the New Orleans public-school students. Chemistry 1898 features a well-rounded curriculum and diverse activities. The enrolled undergraduate students were not only taught chemistry concepts (general chemistry and supramolecular chemistry) but also asked to present the chemical concepts using attention-grabbing demonstrations to public-school students in the New Orleans area. In addition, the course covered multiple nonscience topics, including the pedagogy of service-learning, background on the New Orleans public-school system, and a guide for how to work with the community. The course also involved student reflection activities/surveys and interfaced with the Tulane Center for Public Service. Preliminary qualitative results from a set of anonymous pre- and poststudent surveys indicated that the undergraduate students gained self-efficacy in the general chemistry concepts covered in the course. Although the course did not have an effect on the career choices of the undergraduate students, the majority of the students were already very interested in a STEM career. Further, some students mentioned gaining a benefit in public speaking skills, and some considered the possibility of teaching and working with children in the future.
Good/Bad, Right/Wrong, and their Analogues

espanolEste ensayo presenta una teoria experimental de los valores. Se extrae un esquema de dos pares de conceptos que se utilizan en la evaluacion moral: bueno y malo, por un lado, y correcto e incorrecto por el otro. El esquema se usa luego para explorar los analogos de los conceptos morales en la evaluacion estetica y epistemica. EnglishThis essay presents an experimental theory of values. An abstract schema is extracted from two pairs of concepts that are used in moral evaluation, good and bad, on the one hand, and right and wrong on the other. The schema is then used to explore the analogues of the moral concepts in aesthetic and epistemic evaluation.
Tuning the ethylene-to-propylene ratio in methanol-to-olefins catalysis on window-cage type zeolites

Abstract Decreasing inlet methanol partial pressure and methanol space velocity during methanol-to-olefins (MTO) catalysis on HSAPO-34, HSSZ-13, and HSSZ-39 increases cumulative ethylene-to-propylene ratio by a factor of ~2.3x, ~2.4x, and ~2.2x, respectively. The composition of hydrocarbons occluded in the catalyst when compared at a similar turnover number during MTO suggests that decreasing methanol concentration in the catalyst bed decreases the extent of methylbenzene homologation within the pool of entrained aromatics, resulting in increments in the concentration of aromatic precursors to ethylene relative to those for propylene. Ethylene-to-propylene ratio changed by a factor of ~1.3x within one catalyst turnover and
Evaluating shade cloth to simulate Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) competition in sweetpotato

Field studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to compare the effects of shade cloth light interception and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) competition on ‘Covington’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Treatments consisted of a seven by two factorial arrangement, in which the first factor included shade cloth with an average measured light interception of 41%, 59%, 76%, and 94% and A. palmeri thinned to 0.6 or 3.1 plants m−2 or a nontreated weed-free check; and the second factor included shade cloth or A. palmeri removal timing at 6 or 10 wk after planting (WAP). Amaranthus palmeri light interception peaked around 710 to 840 growing degree days (base 10 C) (6 to 7 WAP) with a maximum light interception of 67% and 84% for the 0.6 and 3.1 plants m−2 densities, respectively. Increasing shade cloth light interception by 1% linearly increased yield loss by 1% for No. 1, jumbo, and total yield. Yield loss increased by 36%, 23%, and 35% as shade cloth removal was delayed from 6 to 10 WAP for No. 1, jumbo, and total yield, respectively. F-tests comparing reduced versus full models of yield loss provided no evidence that the presence of yield loss from A. palmeri light interception caused yield loss different than that explained by the shade cloth at similar light-interception levels. Results indicate that shade cloth structures could be used to simulate Covington sweetpotato yield loss from A. palmeri competition, and light interception could be used as a predictor for expected yield loss from A. palmeri competition.
Synthesis of Bandpass Filters with an Arithmetic Symmetric Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic

The relevance of this article reflects the class of filters under study, the basis used (homogeneous links) and the direction of research (ensuring low parametric sensitivity). For practice, the actual problem of synthesis of pole-passing filters (PPF) obtained from the prototype. An effective method for the synthesis of low-sensitivity active filters of various structures is proposed. The following tasks are solved in the work: development of synthesis methods for structural and schematic diagrams of low-sensitivity active filters of arbitrary order; development of methods for the synthesis of band-pass and notch filters with arithmetically symmetric amplitude-frequency characteristics; setting the conditions for the minimum sensitivity of the frequency response of active filters and the development of a method for synthesis of filters with minimum sensitivity; a method for the synthesis of matrices of fractional-rational functions with complex coefficients is proposed.
A protein-trap allele reveals roles for Drosophila ATF4 in photoreceptor degeneration, oocyte maturation and wing development

Abstract Metazoans have evolved various stress response mechanisms to cope with cellular stress inflicted by external and physiological conditions. The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that mediates adaptation to cellular stress via the transcription factor, ATF4. Loss of function of Drosophila ATF4, encoded by the gene cryptocephal (crc), results in lethality during pupal development. The roles of crc in Drosophila disease models and adult tissue homeostasis thus remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a protein-trap MiMIC insertion in the crc locus generates a crc-GFP fusion protein that allows visualization of crc activity in vivo, and acts as a hypomorphic mutant that uncovers previously unknown roles for crc. Specifically, the crc protein-trap line shows crc-GFP induction in a Drosophila model for Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). This crc allele renders photoreceptors more vulnerable to age-dependent retinal degeneration. crc mutant adult animals also show greater susceptibility to amino acid deprivation and reduced levels of known crc transcriptional targets. Furthermore, this mutant allele shows defects in wing veins and oocyte maturation, uncovering previously unknown roles for crc in the development of these tissues. Together, our data establish physiological and pathological functions of crc-mediated ISR in adult Drosophila tissues.
A Constitutional History of Debtors' Prisons

In 1776, only two states offered constitutional protections against imprisoning people for debt. Today, forty-one states do. This Article traces that history. It begins by examining how debtors’ prisons operated in early America, and then divides analysis between three phases of state constitutional activity. In so doing, it looks at the arguments that won over states to protect debtors, the state constitutional conventions that enacted protections, and the failure of the federal government to address the issue. The Article concludes by noting that despite the success of adopting constitutional protections, courts have allowed debtors’ prisons to resurge in modern times.
Applications of topology to DNA

0. Some preliminaries. Many biological processes affect topological properties of DNA. Duplex DNA consists of two backbone strands wound about each other in a righthanded helical fashion. Each strand consists of a sugar phosphate backbone with a nitrogenous base attached to each sugar. The four possible bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases with A always paired with T, and G always paired with C. The DNA of most bacteria and viruses is circular. Although human DNA is linear, it is extremely long and tacked down to a protein scaffold at various points on the DNA. This periodic attachment endows human DNA with topological constraints similar to those for circular DNA. These topological constraints can interfere with vital metabolic cellular processes such as replication and transcription. Most mathematicians have, at some point, taken a strip of paper, put an even number of twists in it before taping the ends together, and cut the strip down the middle. The result is two linked strips of paper. This is what occurs when DNA replicates if one thinks of the two edges of the strip as being the sugar phosphate backbones of the two strands of DNA. Hence, enzymes are required to solve these topological entanglement problems which arise through cellular metabolism and replication. In this case topoisomerases, which are enzymes that mediate the passage of one segment of DNA through an enzyme-bridged transient break in the backbone strands of another DNA segment, are responsible for unlinking the DNA. Other enzymes
Recognizing functions in binaries with neural networks

Binary analysis facilitates many important applications like malware detection and automatically fixing vulnerable software. In this paper, we propose to apply artificial neural networks to solve important yet difficult problems in binary analysis. Specifically, we tackle the problem of function identification, a crucial first step in many binary analysis techniques. Although neural networks have undergone a renaissance in the past few years, achieving breakthrough results in multiple application domains such as visual object recognition, language modeling, and speech recognition, no researchers have yet attempted to apply these techniques to problems in binary analysis. Using a dataset from prior work, we show that recurrent neural networks can identify functions in binaries with greater accuracy and efficiency than the state-of-the-art machine-learning-based method. We can train the model an order of magnitude faster and evaluate it on binaries hundreds of times faster. Furthermore, it halves the error rate on six out of eight benchmarks, and performs comparably on the remaining two.
Robust adaptive nonlinear control with guaranteed transient performance

This paper considers the robust adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems in a semi-strict feedback form. Nonlinear systems may possess both parametric uncertainties and unknown nonlinear functions which may represent modelling error and external disturbances. With a prior knowledge of the bounds of the parametric uncertainty and the bounding function of the unknown functions, a systematic way to combine backstepping adaptive control with conventional deterministic robust control is developed. The proposed method preserves the advantages of the two methods-i.e., asymptotic stability of adaptive control in the presence of parametric uncertainties and guaranteed transient performance with prescribed precision of deterministic robust control for both parametric uncertainties and unknown nonlinear functions-and, at the same time, eliminates drawbacks of each. Simulation results validate the proposed method.
Same-Sex Marriage and the Public Policy Doctrine

This paper, which was presented at a conference on interjurisdictional marriage recognition at Creighton Law School, addresses same-sex marriage and the public policy doctrine. Some scholars have contended that states are required to recognize same-sex marriages that have been entered into in other states that permit such marriages. I take issue with that conclusion.I consider the situation that has been much discussed in the literature — two individuals of the same sex who reside in a state that does not allow same-sex marriages travel to a state that allows such marriages, the individuals marry, and then the individuals return to their home state where the question of the validity of their marriage arises. I argue that there is ample authority for a home state to refuse to recognize a same-sex marriage entered into in another state if the home state has a sufficiently strong policy against recognizing such unions as marriages. This authority is based on the public policy doctrine, which is well recognized as a matter of conflicts doctrine. I will then consider two constitutional objections to this conclusion. Some argue that invoking the public policy doctrine in this context constitutes unconstitutional discrimination against a sister state. Others suggest that invoking the public policy doctrine in this context would constitute a violation of the Establishment Clause. As explained in this paper, both of these constitutional objections ought to be rejected.
A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century

Charles Holcombe begins by asking the question 'what is East Asia?' In the modern age, many of the features that made the region - now defined as including China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam - distinct have been submerged by the effects of revolution, politics or globalization. Yet, as an ancient civilization, the region had both an historical and cultural coherence. This shared past is at the heart of this ambitious book, which traces the story of East Asia from the dawn of history to the twenty-first century. The second edition has been imaginatively revised and expanded to place emphasis on cross-cultural interactions and connections, both within East Asia and beyond, with new material on Vietnam and modern pop culture. The second edition also features a Chinese character list, additional maps and new illustrations.
Inertial Neck Injuries in Children Involved in Frontal Collisions

There is a paucity of data regarding the potential for pediatric cervical spine injury as a result of acceleration of the head with no direct impact during automotive crashes. Sled tests were conducted using a 3-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to investigate the effect of restraint type and crash severity on the risk of pediatric inertial neck injury. At higher crash severities, the ATD restrained by only the vehicle three-point restraints sustained higher peak neck tension, peak neck extension and flexion moments, neck injury criterion (Nij) values, peak head accelerations, and HIC values compared to using a forward-facing child restraint system (CRS). The injury assessment reference values (IARVs) for peak tension and Nij were exceeded in all 48 and 64 kph delta-V tests using any restraint type. The test at a delta-V of 64 kph using only the vehicle belts as restraints resulted in peak upper neck tension, peak upper neck extension moment, and Nij values two times greater than the corresponding IARV. Only small differences were found in the injury metrics between a CRS installed with and without webbing tension except that head excursion was greater in the installation without webbing tension. These data show that the potential for neck injury exists for children involved in severe frontal crashes and restrained in either a forwardfacing CRS or by vehicle belts–only, even in the absence of head contact.
An analytical solution for transient gas flow in a multiwell system

[1] Soil vapor extraction (SVE) combined with air injection provides an efficient way for the cleanup of vadose zone contaminated by volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). A successful design of an SVE system, however, relies on a good knowledge of the induced gas flow field in the vadose zone. Analytical solutions are available to help understand the gas flow field at steady state. However, most SVE systems must pass a transient period before reaching steady (or quasi-steady) state, and the length of the period should be system-specific. This paper presents an analytical solution for transient gas flow in a vadose zone with extraction and injection wells. The transient solution approaches the steady state solution as time increases. Calculations have shown that for a shallow well (screened in a depth of less than 10 m) in a vadose zone with an air permeability of 1 darcy (10−12 m2) or larger, the system reaches steady state in just several hours. Decreasing the air permeability or increasing the screen depth increases the time to reach steady state. In practical applications the transient solution may be relatively insignificant in an SVE design. However, the solution can be important in site characterization through pneumatic tests. A procedure is provided for applying the dimensionless solution in estimating air permeability and air-filled porosity. An example is also given to use the transient solution for verifying numerical codes.
Microscopic reversibility and macroscopic behavior: Physical explanatoins and mathematical derivations

The observed general tune-asymmetric behavior of macroscopic systems—embodied in the second law of thermodynainics—arises naturally from time-symmetric microscopic laws due to the great disparity between macro and inicro-scales. More specific features of macroscopic evolution depend on the nature of the microscopic dynamics. In particular, short range interactions with good mixing properties lead, for simple systems, to the quantitative description of such evolutions by means of autonomous hydrodynamic equations, e.g. the diffusion equation. These deterministic time-asynunetric equations accurately describe the observed behavior of individual macro systems. Derivations using ensembles (or probability distributions) must therefore, to be relevant, hold for almost all members of the ensemble, i.e. occur with probability close to one. Equating observed irreversible macroscopic behavior with the time evolution of ensembles describing systems having only a few degrees of freedom, where no such typicality holds, is misguided and misleading.
Set Compound Estimation Under Entropy Loss

Set compound estimation has been studied for nearly half a century. This paper explores, for the first time, set compound estimation under entropy (Kullback-Leibler information) loss for a k-dimensional standard exponential family with a compact parameter space. It makes detailed investigation of entropy loss with the exponential family and related proper-ties. Asymptotically optimal set compound estimators with rates O(n−1/2) under this loss are established for some discrete exponential families by using power series, representing the Bayes estimators in terms of a mixture density and applying the Singh-Datta Lemma. Poisson, negative binomial families and a two-dimensional model serve as examples.
INVESTIGATION OF THE DUAL‐PAIR METHOD AS A POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE TRIANGLE AND SAME‐DIFFERENT TESTS

Previous experiments have shown that the same-different test, because of its more suitable cognitive strategy and lower memory requirements, is a more powerful and sensitive alternative to the triangle and duo-trio tests. This project describes an experiment conducted in order to investigate ways to improve further the performance of the same-different test. Three protocols were compared using orange flavored beverages and 24 judges: the same-different method, the triangle test and the dual-pair paradigm. The latter protocol could improve the same-different's performance by preventing the spontaneous variations of the judges’τ criterion. While no significant differences were detected among the d’ values obtained with each procedure, a trend was observed for the same-different and dual-pair test to be slightly more sensitive (higher d’ values) than the triangle test. Since the same-different test is statistically more powerful, it is a preferable choice over the triangle, duo-trio and dual-pair tests.
A manufacturable poly-emitter graded-SiGe HBT technology for wireless and mixed-signal applications

Abstract Graded SiGe-base heterojunction transistors (HBTs) offer the advantages of bandgap engineering while maintaining the cost and manufacturing benefits of the silicon industry. For a technology to be widely used in the mixed signal applications arena it must offer more than just the HBT: it must have a complete set of passive elements and interconnects suitable for the rf design environment. This paper describes the development and current status of IBM's advanced SiGe HBT technology installed on a 200 mm CMOS/DRAM line. It reviews basic principles of HBT operation, discusses the aspects of the ultra high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) growth technique, describes the overall SiGe HBT process, the performance of the HBTs and support devices, and the circuit results achieved to data.
New American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiovascular Risk: When Will Fitness Get the Recognition It Deserves?

ardiPalo m, nford, D uring the American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions in November 2013, the AHA and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) jointly released new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). The guidelines focused on the assessment of cardiovascular risk and the treatment of blood lipids and received a great deal of attention from both the media and professional journals. These organizations are among themost experienced and qualified to develop guidelines, and their guidelines and scientific statements set the standard for clinical practice. Most of this attention focused on an updated cardiovascular risk calculator, using an equation developed from community-based populations that includes established risk factors such as race, sex, age, total cholesterol level, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, diabetes mellitus, and smoking status. The risk calculator is designed to estimate the 10-year risk of myocardial infarction and stroke among individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Tools such as these are valuable in that they allow a health care professional to roughly estimate a patient’s likelihood of a cardiovascular event and to direct treatment accordingly. With the release of the guidelines, a vigorous debate among medical professionals and the lay press immediately ensued regarding the effect of the guidelines on the use of medications to treat heart disease. The new guidelines recommend statins for people with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than in previous guidelines (a 7.5% risk during 10 years compared with a 10-year risk of 10% to 20% according to the previous guidelines) and for those at risk for stroke. In addition, they eliminate the earlier criterion that apatient’s low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Effects of aging and caloric restriction on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in the Fischer 344 rat. I: The cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system

Abstract The effects of long-term caloric restriction on the hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system were investigated in the 22-month-old Fischer 344 rat. Caloric restriction decreased the age-related changes in hepatic testosterone metabolism, which are associated with demasculinization of the liver. Caloric restriction also increased hepatic microsomal testosterone 6β-hydroxylase, lauric acid 12-hydroxylase and 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase activities over corresponding values in both ad libitum fed 22-month and 60-day-old control male rats. This suggests that cytochrome P-450 isozymes, P-450 pcn 1&2 , P-452 and P450 j may be induced by caloric restriction. Such changes in cytochrome P-450 isozyme profiles could result in altered carcinogen activation, radical formation or drug detoxication in the calorically restricted rat.
Reflection electron microscopy of buried interfaces in the transmission geometry

Abstract We consider a thin film in TEM containing a vertical interface in the plane of the beam. The intensity of the specular beam reflected from the interface is considered under multiple scattering conditions. For an atomically abrupt (100) interface between Au and MgO, this beam is found to have appreciable intensity, comparable to the (000) beam, at a certain thickness. The wavefield corresponding to this reflection is confined to a narrow sheet at the interface if the Bragg condition is avoided. The formation of a reflection dark-field image of such an internal interface is discussed, for the purpose of observing interface reactions at high temperature. The use of an imaging energy filter fitted to a high voltage microscope is proposed for this purpose. The use of this specular reflection for microanalysis by energy loss spectroscopy and the study of interatomic bonding at interfaces is also suggested.
Memory for feeding time: Possible dependence on coupled circadian oscillators

Abstract Rats maintained on limited-access daily feeding schedules develop food-anticipatory activity rhythms which coexist with the photic circadian activity rhythm. These food anticipatory rhythms appear to depend upon a food-entrainable circadian oscillator which is separate and distinct from the light-entrainable circadian oscillator system. This study explored the long-term behavior of the putative food-entrainable oscillator in the presence and in the absence of a feeding schedule, and under light-dark cycles and constant light. The results suggest that a food-entrainable oscillator can show persisting self-sustained oscillations in the absence of a feeding schedule, and that the food- and light-entrainable circadian oscillators may show varying degrees of coupling, depending upon feeding conditions. Such a flexible coupling arrangement may allow the oscillator system to function as a “continuously consulted clock” in the adaptive temporal coordination of behavior with stable and unstable environmental periodicities.
Planning for the future workforce in hematology research

The medical research and training enterprise in the United States is complex in both its scope and implementation. Accordingly, adaptations to the associated workforce needs present particular challenges. This is particularly true for maintaining or expanding national needs for physician-scientists where training resource requirements and competitive transitional milestones are substantial. For the individual, these phenomena can produce financial burden, prolong the career trajectory, and significantly influence career pathways. Hence, when national data suggest that future medical research needs in a scientific area may be met in a less than optimal manner, strategies to expand research and training capacity must follow. This article defines such an exigency for research and training in nonneoplastic hematology and presents potential strategies for addressing these critical workforce needs. The considerations presented herein reflect a summary of the discussions presented at 2 workshops cosponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Society of Hematology.
Reaginic antibody response in rabbits infected with Taenia pisiformis

Abstract Homologous skin-sensitizing antibodies were detected in the sera of rabbits infected with Taenia pisiformis. They were demonstrated in the sera of some rabbits as early as 8 days after first exposure and peaked at 30 days post-infection before declining over a period of 1 month. A second challenge dose of eggs boosted the titers markedly. The physico-chemical characteristics of the antibody in gel-filtration and anion-exchange chromatography, and in response to heat treatment and reduction and alkylation, conform to those previously described for reagin or IgE. PCA reactions first became positive 4 h after sensitization, and were maximal at 48 h ,although positive reactions occurred at sensitized sites when challenge was delayed for 8 weeks. The significance of this reaginic antibody response is discussed in relation to its potential role in the mechanism of acquired resistance to experimental cysticercosis.
Microstructural effects on the dynamic rheology of a discotic mesophase pitch

The dynamic rheology and accompanying microstructure of a synthetic mesophase pitch (AR-HP) is reported. The loss modulus (G″) was found to be higher than the storage modulus (G′) at all frequencies (∼0.1 to ∼100 rad/s) and temperatures (280–305 °C) tested. The slope of the low-frequency terminal zone for G′ was found to be approximately 0.8, much lower than a value of 2 that is observed for flexible chain polymers. Cross-polarized optical microscopy with full-wave retardation plate confirmed the presence of different textures of mesophase pitch processed under different conditions. While loss moduli remained fairly unchanged, finer textures led to significantly lower storage moduli. Consistent with this trend, coarsening of the microstructure during textural relaxation led to an increase in storage moduli. Therefore, for the discotic mesophase pitch, the viscous component was found to remain unaffected by the microstructure, but the elastic modulus was dependent on the orientation of layer-planes and size of the texture.
Chitosome-like vesicles from gamma particles of Blastocladiella emersonii synthesize chitin

When gamma particles isolated from the aquatic fungus, Blastocladiella emersonii, were incubated in a supernatant derived from a homogenate of zoospores previously triggered to encyst with 50 mM KCl, they exhibited a three-fold increase in chitin synthetase activity and produced chitosome-like vesicles. Passage of such vesicles through a linear sucrose gradient resulted in a symmetrical distribution of chitin synthetase activity over a broad portion of the gradient, and the specific activity of the peak fraction was seven times greater than that of the gamma particles. After isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation, chitin synthetase activity occurred in a band of particles with a peak buoyant density of 1.18 g/cm3. Ultrastructural examination of negatively stained samples from the peak fraction revealed spheroidal, chitosome-like particles 70–120 nm in diameter. Suspension of these particles produced chitin microfibrils when incubated with uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, the substrate for chitin synthetase.
The Relation of Site of Semen Deposit to Breeding Efficiency of Dairy Cattle

Summary A study involving 2,014 first services, four sites of semen deposition, ten technicians and thirty-four dairy bulls was made to determine the effect of different sites of semen deposit upon breeding efficiency of dairy cattle. The differences beween treatments (sites of deposition) were not significant when tested statistically. However, the differences between bulls and between technicians were significant at the 1 and 5 per cent levels, respectively. The treatment mean for semen deposited in the body of the uterus was slightly higher than when semen was deposited in the cervix, in each horn of the uterus or a combination of the body of the uterus and cervix. However, no significance is attached to these differences. This study is being continued.
Thallium as a vital stain for yeast mitochondria.

BLACK, hexagonal crystals of thallium oxide, Tl2O3 (identified by their shape and colour), appear in some cells of some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae when the culture is grown in nutrient medium containing 125 p.p.m. of thallium sulphate. The black, hexagonal plates of Tl2O3 lie in a space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. Usually only one large crystal is present, but as many as six small ones may appear; all are outside the protoplast. When a crystal is viewed from the edge, a bulge in the cell wall appears right over the crystal. The large crystals bend to conform to the curvature of the cell (Fig. 1).
Discovery and characterization of a marine bacterial SAM-dependent chlorinase

Halogen atom incorporation into a scaffold of bioactive compounds often amplifies biological activity, as is the case for the anticancer agent salinosporamide A (1), a chlorinated natural product from the marine bacterium Salinispora tropica. Significant effort in understanding enzymatic chlorination shows that oxidative routes predominate to form reactive electrophilic or radical chlorine species. Here we report the genetic, biochemical and structural characterization of the chlorinase SalL, which halogenates S-adenosyl-L-methionine (2) with chloride to generate 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine (3) and L-methionine (4) in a rarely observed nucleophilic substitution strategy analogous to that of Streptomyces cattleya fluorinase. Further metabolic tailoring produces a halogenated polyketide synthase substrate specific for salinosporamide A biosynthesis. SalL also accepts bromide and iodide as substrates, but not fluoride. High-resolution crystal structures of SalL and active site mutants complexed with substrates and products support the S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution mechanism and further illuminate halide specificity in this newly discovered halogenase family.
Guest Editor's Preface: Z-Pinch Special Issue

Z pinches have long been interesting to plasma physicists because of the simplicity of their geometry. They were studied first in the 1950s as potential fusion configurations and, later, as intense X-ray sources both for military and civilian applications. The development of pulsed power technologies, some reaching energy and power levels of 3 MJ and 50 TW, respectively, by many organizations around the world has accelerated the interest in z pinches for fusion applications.
Weighted distribution spaces and pseudodifferential operators

There is a close relationship among classical spaces of functions and distributions, pseudodifferential operators of classical type, and the regularity theory of elliptic operators. Scales of spaces such as the standard Sobolev or H/51der spaces indexed by the degree of smoothness are mapped among themselves by standard pseudodifferential operators. This is true in particular of the (approximate) inverses of elliptic operators, a fact which is equivalent to the classical regularity theory. A similar relationship exists among certain spaces defined by non-isotropic quasihomogeneous smoothness conditions, the corresponding types of parabolic or other semi-elliptic operators, and the corresponding regularity theory. It is the purpose of this paper to develop an analogous theory for the spaces of functions and distributions naturally associated to general classes of pseudodifferential operators, with applications to the regularity theory of hypoelliptic operators.
Group behavioral therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Seven- vs. twelve-week outcomes

Previous research has demonstrated that individualized behavioral exposure and response prevention therapy is an effective treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In our prior preliminary report, 7-week group exposure and response prevention therapy was also found effective in reducing obsessions and compulsions. The present report describes a larger sample (N=113) of treatment seeking obsessive-compulsives who received group behavioral therapy. As before, group exposure and response prevention significantly improved ratings of obsessions, compulsions, and depression. These improvements were maintained at 3-month and long-term follow-up. A sub-sample of patients who received 12 weeks of treatment had outcomes at the end of the group and at follow-up that did not significantly differ from those who received 7 weeks of treatment. These results confirm the efficacy of a 7-week behavioral treatment program administered in a group format.
Magnitude and site of airway response to exercise in asthmatics in relation to arterial histamine levels

In order to determine if there is a relationship among arterial histamine levels, state of disease activity, and the magnitude and site of obstruction in exercise-induced asthma, we recorded airway resistance, lung volumes, spirometry, and density dependence of maximum expiratory flow before and after an exercise challenge in 17 asymptomatic individuals. These observations were then related to the concentration of histamine in systemic arterial blood. This study demonstrates that those individuals whose disease process was the most active at the time of investigation had more depressed lung function and higher baseline histamine levels, and responded to the challenge with severe obstruction that involved the airways in the periphery of the lung. In contrast, those subjects whose underlying disease was more quiescent had lower histamine values and the response to provocation was less severe and predominated in the larger airways. In neither group did the postchallenge values for histamine increase. It is suggested that the factor that determines these patterns of response is the state of inflammation of the airways, for which histamine may serve as a marker.
Barriers Preventing Women from Enrolling in Construction Management Programs

The construction industry does not attract significant numbers of women to its labor force. However, due to potential expected growth in the field, construction companies will need more women to meet their labor needs. Much research has been done on women in the construction industry and factors preventing them from entering the industry, however, this article examines the academic side and ask what factors are preventing more women from choosing construction management as a major in college. We undertook this study by contacting all of the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) and asking questions regarding their programs in an attempt to discover any correlations that would provide information on approaches to attract more women to college-level construction management programs. Unfortunately, we only found a few small positive correlations between average enrollment of women and number of women faculty, availability of women support groups, and graduation rates of women. We believe the biggest facto...
Planning with approximate preferences and its application to disambiguating human intentions in navigation

This paper addresses the problem of planning in the presence of humans modeled as dynamic obstacles with multiple hypotheses on their trajectories and actions which can disambiguate between the hypotheses. To solve this problem, we develop and analyze a generalization to the PPCP (Probabilistic Planning with Clear Preferences) algorithm that allows us to efficiently solve problems with approximate preferences on missing information. The approach finds policies with bounded suboptimal expected cost and scales well with the number of people, only disambiguating between the trajectories of people when necessary. We present simulated results as well as experiments on two different physical robots demonstrating the capability of this planner.
How does history matter? Hysteresis in Canadian trade

Abstract Should trade economists account for hysteresis when estimating gravity models, as [Eichengreen, B., & Irwin, D. A. (1998). The role of history in bilateral trade flows. In J. A. Frankel (Ed.), Regionalization of the world economy . Chicago: University of Chicago/NBER] recommend? Are the effects on trade of key variables, such as a national border, mismeasured when hysteresis is not accounted for? Using a unique panel data set on Canada's international trade over 1988–1996, and building on recent advances in fixed effects approaches to gravity estimation, we find strong evidence that history does matter in determining trade. But exporter and importer fixed effects, as opposed to lagged dependent variables, appear adequate to capture history. Omitting lagged dependent variables matters little to measured parameters like the border effect. After accounting for history we find Canada's overall border effect to be large with little evidence of diminishment in this period.
An Unusual Cause of Lumbar Radiculopathy.

A 46-year-old man with no significant medical or family history was referred to our tertiary spine surgery clinic for evaluation. He had been having low back pain and right lower extremity pain originating in his posterior thigh and radiating to his foot since lifting some heavy equipment approximately 1 year before his presentation to us. He originally sought treatment with a chiropractor, which did not alleviate his symptoms. He then presented to his primary care physician, who ordered physical therapy, which the patient completed without any relief of his back or leg pain. His primary care physician then ordered MRI of the lumbar spine and sent the patient for epidural steroid injections, which again did not provide any pain relief of low back or right lower extremity pain. The patient also began a course of gabapentin (600 mg orally, three times daily). On further questioning at our clinic, the patient stated that he was being treated for a hamstring strain by his primary care physician ipsilateral to his radicular symptoms for several months. He claimed that the discomfort was exacerbated by riding on his lawnmower or sitting in the car. Physical examination revealed normal strength of the right lower extremity, decreased sensation along the plantar heel and lateral foot, and decreased Achilles reflex. Examination of his thigh in the prone position showed a large, palpable mass in his deep soft tissues and a positive Tinel’s sign, which radiated to his foot on palpation. We reviewed his previous MR images of the lumbar spine and subsequently ordered plain radiographs (Fig. 1), and MRI with gadolinium contrast of the right lower extremity for further evaluation (Figs. 2, 3). Based on the patient’s history, physical examination, and imaging studies, what is the differential diagnosis at this point?
Review of "Computer-Aided Information Retrieval by Andrew E. Wessel"; Los Angeles, Melville Publishing Company, 1975

The author defines the scope of his discussion in his statement: "The core notion in this book is that an inter-locked triad of user organization, thesauri builder and computer technologist is capable of achieving computer-aided information retrieval systems which make actual a great deal of the potential of automated search" (p. 169). Wessel offers theoretical and practical grounds for choosing a methodology centered on people supported by computers rather than a fully automated approach. In particular he advocates development and use of well structured thesauri stored in computers to assist in both indexing and search of documents.
Studies on protein-like products from radiofrequency plasmas of Co, N2 and H2.

Abstract Solid protein-like products have been produced from “cold” plasmas of the inorganic gases CO, N 2 , and H 2 reacting under specific discharge conditions. The excitation of gases under electrodeless radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) conditions produced polymers whose chemical composition was tailorable as a function of gas flow rates. The polymers on hydrolysis showed the presence of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine, and tyrosine as the most common hydrolysate amino acids. Many other compounds of unknown structure are shown to be separable by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. These compounds can be quite complex, and may be polymeric, or heterocyclic in nature. Presence of aromatic systems has been unequivocally established for sym . trimethylpyridine and strongly indicated for tyrosine. Possible reaction mechanisms leading to the synthesis of the glycyl unit are proposed, and the role of surfaces or other nucleation sites for condensation of products is discussed. A suggestion is presented whereby reactions between CO, N 2 , and H 2 induced in primordial times by ultraviolet energy could have led to condensation of organic products on upper atmospheric dust particles.