cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Executive Attention and Physical Functional Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Objectives. Executive functions supervise the contents of working memory, where information from long-term memory is integrated with information in the immediate present. This study examined whether executive attentional abilities were uniquely associated with the performance of complex, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in cognitively intact and physically high-functioning older women. Methods. Participants were 406 community-residing, older women aged 70-80 years in the Women's Health and Aging Study (WHAS) II, screened to be physically high functioning and cognitively intact using the Mini-Mental State Exam. Hierarchical regression models, adjusted for demographic and disease variables, were used to evaluate the association of cognitive domains, including executive attention, memory, psychomotor speed, and spatial ability with summary measures of IADL (e.g., looking up and dialing a telephone number) and mobility-based ADL (e.g., walking 4 meters) function. Results. Tests of executive attention were associated with performance on IADLs (6.6%) and, to a lesser degree, mobilitybased ADLs (1%), adjusting for demographic and disease variables. In particular, the mental flexibility component of the Trail Making Test accounted for the majority of attentional variance in IADL performance. Older age, lower education, and African American race were also associated with poorer physical test performances. Discussion. Executive difficulties in flexibly planning and initiating a course of action were selectively associated with slower performance of higher-order IADL tests, relative to other domains of cognition, in a high-functioning, community-based older cohort. These results suggest that executive functions may be important in mediating the onset and progression of physical functional declines.
Early Marriage in the United States

Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high-school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals' marriages.
Studies on the Biological Properties and Gel Filtration Behavior of Pituitary and Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone of Infantile Female Rats

Molecular distribution profiles for FSH in anterior pituitary extracts or serum of infantile female rats (10–12 days of age), as determined by exclusion chromatography, were compared to those of prepubertal (27 days) or adult (70 days) rats. The elution position of pituitary FSH at the different ages studied was essentially the same, indicating the absence of major differences in average apparent molecular size. Characterization of serum FSH revealed a preponderance of FSH components of larger molecular size. However, the elution position of serum FSH was similar at all ages studied. Small quantitative differences were found between pituitary FSH potencies assessed by RIA or by bioassay. However, at the two ages studied (12 and 27 days) the immunoassay/bioassay ratios were similar. Pituitary FSH of both infantile and older female rats showed a dose-response curve in the ovarian hCGaugmentation assay parallel to that of NIH-FSH-S11. Ovaries from 29 day old rats transplanted to other prepubertal animals (23...
A Metasystem Approach to Organizational Decision-Making

The metasystem approach to organizational decision-making presented in this paper is set in a control systems framework. Decision-making is approached from a control systems viewpoint. The concept of metasystem is introduced as a framework for decision-making about decision-making, that is, the structuring of a decision-nuking process and the determination of organizational objectives. The metasystem framework is illustrated by means of examples drawn from a case study.
Perceived Threat in Childhood A Review of Research and Implications for Children Living in Violent Households

The current study is a review of existing literature on perceived threat across childhood (0-19 years). There is strong evidence from this body of research that threat detection emerges in infancy and is present throughout childhood, with meaningful links to child adjustment. The wide range of methodologies employed to assess threat include biological measures (event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging), observational data (gaze duration and response time), and a range of ways of gathering cognitive data (threat appraisal). Across methodologies, a uniform finding is that children who have higher threat attenuation are at increased risk for the development of anxiety disorders. It also seems that children's attention to threatening stimuli may vary across development, with heightened attention in infancy and early childhood. These findings have meaningful extensions for children who are living in violent families. Since many children living in violent homes are exposed to the threat of violence beginning in infancy, these children may be at heightened risk as compared to their nonexposed peers for the development of maladaptive patterns of threat detection and response. There is some evidence that this long-standing pattern of vigilance toward threat in key developmental periods may in part explain the increased risk of the development of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder following exposure to violence.
Synthetic control over the dynamics of mesoscaled cargo release from colloidal polymer vectors inside live cells

Directed delivery of mesoscaled cargo—for example, nanocrystals, proteins, or nucleic acids—to cells using polymer vectors impacts numerous biomedical fields. We introduce here the concept of dynamic complementarity as a simple, yet powerful approach to control the rate of mesoscaled cargo dissociation from colloidal polymer vectors once inside the cytosol. By tuning the degree of electrostatic reciprocity between the polymer vector and its cargo, it is possible to both deliver and release large cargo in live cells in a controllable manner over both long and short periods, pointing to a highly modular materials platform with molecularly tailored properties suited to task. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 256–264
Bicrystals with strain gradient effects

Boundary between two perfectly bonded single crystals plays an important role in determining the deformation of the bicrystals. This work addresses the role of the grain boundary by considering the elevated hardening of a slip system due to a slip gradient. The slip gradients are associated with geometrically necessary dislocations and their effects become pronounced when a representative length scale of the deformation field is comparable to the dominant microstructural length scale of a material. A new rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory is presented and has been implemented within the finite element method framework. A planar bicrystal under uniform in-plane loading is studied using the new crystal theory. The strain is found to be continuous but nonuniform within a boundary layer around the interface. The lattice rotation is also nonuniform within the boundary layer. The width of the layer is determined by the misorientation of the grains, the hardening of slip systems, and most importantly by the characteristic material length scales. The overall yield strength of the bicrystal is also obtained. A significant grain-size dependence of the yield strength, the Hall- Petch effect is predicted.
DOSAGE COMPENSATION OF GENES ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT ARMS OF THE X CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI

We have investigated the occurrence of dosage compensation in D. willistoni and D. pseudoobscura, two species whose X chromosome is metacentric with one arm homologous to the X and the other homologous to the left arm of chromosome 3 of D. melanogaster. Crude extracts were assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (chromosome 2) in D. willistoni, and for esterase-5 (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?) and amylase (chromosome 3) in D. pseudoobscura. Our results indicate that a mechanism for dosage compensation is operative in both arms of the X chromosome of these two species.
Perception of quality and trustworthiness of Internet resources by personal health information seekers.

Objectives This paper focuses on one dimension of personal health information seeking: perception of quality and trustworthiness of information sources.
Global Satellite Datasets: Data Availability for Scientists and Operational Users

This article describes the global rainfall data and products collected, generated, archived and distributed by the Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) located in the National Aeronautics and Space Admi- 6-year-old Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite rainfall data and product generation and distribution by the DAAC, providing detailed information on the availability and access of other data sets and satellite products relevant for the development and validation of rainfall estimation algorithms and use. We also discuss many of the issues regarding to the rainfall data access, product generation and distribution, validation, documentation, development of standards, and intense inter- actions with a broad range of users.
The influence of dietary sodium chloride on in vitro renin release from rat kidney slices.

SummaryIn vitro renin release from surviving rat kidney slices, expressed in Gold-blatt units/mg of protein or as percentage of the total renin content of the slice, was studied under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and in the presence of arsenite/arsenate blockade. Renin content and renin release from slices from donor rats kept on a sodium deficient diet were three times larger than for slices from rats on a normal diet. The release, expressed as a percentage of the total renin content, was the same. No release occurred under metabolic blockade, and release was much larger under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. Both the quantity and the percentage of the total renin content which was released as well as the Qo2 decreased with decreasing sodium concentrations in the media. Under some conditions an apparent net synthesis of renin occurred. In vitro renin release is metabolically dependent, related to the quantity of renin stored in the slice, and in some manner influenced by the presence of sodium chlo...
Basal Plane Dislocation Mitigation in SiC Epitaxial Growth by Nondestructive Substrate Treatment

An optimized molten KOH–NaOH–MgO eutectic mixture is used to pretreat the 8° off-axis 4H-SiC substrate prior to chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth. Superior to the conventional pure KOH etching method, by way of the eutectic method, the conversion of basal plane dislocation (BPD) to threading edge dislocation in the subsequent epitaxial growth is independent of the etch pit size pregenerated on the substrate. Even with a very mild treatment using the eutectic mixture, which does not generate discriminable etch pits on the substrate, an epilayer with low BPD density <22 cm–2 (<0.1% of BPDs on the substrate) is still achieved, and further, there is no degradation of morphology on the entire sample surface. All of the BPD conversions occur at the initial stage of epitaxial growth.
Abstract 1295: Inhibition of clonogenicity and xenograft tumor growth by activation and/or over-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ).

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) regulates a variety of biological processes but the function of PPARβ/δ in carcinogenesis remains controversial. Stable human cancer cell lines (A431, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) that constitutively over-express PPARβ/δ were produced to effectively examine the role of this receptor in human cancer models. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ both in MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) and MCF7 (ER-positive) cells over-expressing PPARβ/δ cells caused significantly decreased clonogenicity compared to controls. Over-expression of PPARβ/δ reduced tumor volumes and tumor weights of ectopic xenografts from both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7cells compared to controls. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ caused an even greater reduction of tumor volumes and tumor weights compared to controls. Interestingly, similar results were observed in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 and other human cancer cell lines. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ strongly inhibited clonogenicity in A431 cells over-expressing PPARβ/δ. Xenografts from A431 control cells rapidly developed tumors while tumors were barely detectable in A431 cells over-expressing PPARβ/δ. These observations demonstrate the inhibitory effect of activating or over-expressing PPARβ/δ on tumorigenesis in human cancer cell lines. This suggests that PPARβ/δ suppression of tumorigenicity may be mediated through common mechanisms. Citation Format: Pei-Li Yao, Michael G. Borland, Prasad Krishnan, Bokai Zhu, Frank J. Gonzalez, Jeffrey M. Peters. Inhibition of clonogenicity and xenograft tumor growth by activation and/or over-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1295
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Toxic Nodular Goiter

Because toxic nodular gaiter occurs frequently in elderly persons who have associated degenerative diseases, it presents unusual problems in diagnosis and treatment. The difficulty in diagnosis may be compounded by the sporadic function of the toxic thyroid nodule with fluctuating clinical and laboratory findings.The pathogenesis of toxic nodular gaiter is reviewed, as are the clinical picture, laboratory findings, and choice of therapy. In general, surgical resection is the most effective definitive form of therapy, but it carries a significant risk which must be evaluated carefully.
Sensitivity and specificity of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride in the gross diagnosis of acute myocardial infarcts.

Objective Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of sudden death in the United States. However, the identification of early myocardial infarcts at necropsy is frequently difficult, since unequivocal gross changes of infarcts do not become apparent for 24 to 48 hours following myocardial ischemic injury. The use of dyes, such as nitro-blue tetrazolium and 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), that identify the dehydrogenase-deficient infarcted myocardium has been shown, largely by animal studies, to be very helpful in the macroscopic diagnosis of such cases. Such animal studies could not be directly extrapolated to human autopsy studies, however, because of the assumption that autolysis may invalidate the histochemical assessment of myocardial enzymatic changes after death. This study was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TTC in the gross diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the human population. Design The TTC stain reactions were correlated with histologic findings in the hearts of 638 consecutive adult autopsies. Results Of the 638 hearts examined by TTC, 174 hearts stained positive for acute infarction; histology confirmed myocardial infarction in 140 hearts. Histologic examination revealed acute infarcts in 41 of the remaining 464 cases that had stained negatively with TTC. The use of TTC in the macroscopic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarcts in the human population was found to have a diagnostic sensitivity of 77.4% and a specificity of 92.6%. The predictive value of a positive test was 80.5%, and that of a negative test was 91.2%. Conclusions The overall diagnostic efficiency of the TTC test (ie, number of patients correctly identified) was 88%. These results show that the TTC test is a reliable, sensitive, and specific adjunct in the examination of the human heart at necropsy.
Microstrip balanced quad-channel diplexer using dual-open/short-stub loaded resonator

A microstrip balanced quad-channel diplexer is reported for the first time, using dual-open/short-stub loaded resonator (DOSLR/DSSLR) which consists of a uniform impedance end-shorted resonator loaded with two open/short stubs. The resonant frequencies of dual-open-stub loaded resonator (DOSLR) and dual-short-stub loaded resonator (DSSLR) under differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) excitation are fully analyzed. Based on their respective characteristics, two individual balanced dual-band filters are initially designed with a frequency ratio of larger and smaller than 2 respectively. The designed filters are then combined to construct the first balanced quad-channel diplexer adopting distributed coupling technique. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design methodology, a compact quad-channel balanced diplexer prototype (2.4/5.2 GHz and 3.2/4.75 GHz) is implemented and measured. Good agreement between the theoretical analyses and the measured data has been achieved.
Toy model for the Blandford-Znajek mechanism

A toy model for the Blandford-Znajek mechanism is investigated: a Kerr black hole with a toroidal electric current residing in a thin disk around the black hole. The toroidal electric current generates a poloidal magnetic field threading the black hole and disk. Due to the interaction of the magnetic field with remote charged particles, the rotation of the black hole and disk induces an electromotive force, which can power an astrophysical load at remote distance. The power of the black hole and disk is calculated. It is found that, for a wide range of parameters specifying the rotation of the black hole and the distribution of the electric current in the disk, the power of the disk exceeds the power of the black hole. The torque provided by the black hole and disk is also calculated. The torque of the disk is comparable to the torque of the black hole. As the disk loses its angular momentum, the mass of the disk gradually drifts towards the black hole and gets accreted. Ultimately the power comes from the gravitational binding energy between the disk and the black hole, as in the standard theory of accretion disk, instead of the rotational energy of the black hole. This suggests that the Blandford-Znajek mechanism may be less efficient in extracting energy from a rotating black hole with a thin disk. The limitations of our simple model and possible improvements deserved for future work are also discussed.
Spain's Economic Strategy toward the “Nations of Its Historical Community:” The “Reconquest” of Latin America?

From one of the poorest countries in Europe in the late 1950s, Spain emerged as a middle industrial power by the time of the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975. Subsequently, under the leadership of King Juan Carlos I, Franco's successor as chief of state, Spain negotiated a smooth transition from authoritarianism to a parliamentary-monarchy. On the first of January 1986, the Iberian nation acceded to full membership in the European Community (EC). However, prior to this date and independently of the EC (now the European Union), the Spanish state had already set in motion, in 1981, two great undertakings related to Latin America: (1) the commemoration of Columbus' fateful voyage to the New World in 1492 and (2) the formation of an “Iberoamerican Community of Nations.”
In patients with type 2 diabetes and CVD, empagliflozin reduced incident or worsening nephropathy at 3.1 y.

Source Citation Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, et al; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:323-34. 27299675
The Relation of Scientists to Events in Physics and in Psychology

Although humankind has created many sciences of a powerful and effective type, crucial problems still remain concerning the relationship of scientists to the events they study. Especially is this the case since the development of quantum physics when the question arose as to whether descriptive constructs are or are not the basic data. In general, the situation may be put in the form of a question, how do the laws of nature relate to the events of nature? Is there an identity or a parallelism? Do scientific descriptions merely represent events or create them? The present article attempts to clarify some of these problems as they pertain to the sciences of physics and psychology.
Internal Thoracic Lymphadenopathy in Breast Cancer

The internal thoracic (IT) nodal basin is a first-echelon drainage pathway in the breast, accounting for up to a quarter of its lymphatic drainage, primarily from the deep structures of the breast. The presence of internal thoracic node (ITN) metastases upstages the breast cancer (BC) patient to a minimum of clinical stage III disease. Medial tumors, deep tumors, young age, axillary nodal metastases, tumors of a high nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, and triple-negative hormone receptor status are predisposing factors for ITN metastases from primary BC. It has been observed that medial tumors carry a worse prognosis than lateral tumors when all other factors are equal, indicating that understaging of ITN has a significant impact on patient outcomes. Despite the established prognostic significance of IT adenopathy in BC, this nodal basin is not routinely staged due to the difficulty in accessing it and due to the controversy regarding its management. Since the initial ITN studies in the 1960s, improvement in imaging techniques and the availability of minimally invasive biopsy techniques have fueled renewed interest in ITNs and their clinical significance in BC. Radiologists who image and diagnose BC can offer more accurate staging assessments by consistently evaluating the IT nodal chain in the BC patient. In this article, the authors discuss current knowledge of the ITNs in BC and review ITN anatomy. The imaging appearance of pathologic ITNs using various modalities, potential mimics of IT adenopathy, and image-guided sampling techniques are described. A succinct discussion of the clinical management of ITN-positive BC and its challenges is also included. © RSNA, 2017.
Orientalist Fashion, Photography, and Fantasies: Baron Max von Oppenheim's Arabian Nights in Context

This article discusses Max von Oppenheim's Orientalism as exemplified in his collection of photographs and costumes, in the midst of a growing Orientalist visual culture in turn-of-the-century Europe. Oppenheim is presented as a disseminator of new tastes and desires, anticipating the Orientalist costume parties, fashion shows, and theater productions in 1910s Europe. The development of photography as a medium, increased interest in ethnography among scientists, and rapid advances in fashion photography in particular helped to spread the reach of the Orientalism that Oppenheim pioneered. Tracing the Orientalist visual culture of his time, this paper uncovers how Oppenheim engaged with and perpetuated existing Orientalist fantasies but also diverged from common disseminations thereof. The specific biographical and cultural context of Oppenheim's travels and experiences, specifically in Cairo (1896–1909), creates his specific Orientalism—much more involved, reciprocal/collaborative, and tactile—the character of which will crystallize in the course of the discussion to follow.
Context preserving representation of daily activities in elder care

Eldercare monitoring using non-wearable sensors is a candidate solution for improving care and reducing costs. Abnormal sensor patterns produced by certain resident behaviors could be linked to early signs of illness. We propose an unsupervised method for detecting abnormal behavior patterns based on a new context preserving representation of daily activities. A preliminary analysis of the method was conducted on data collected in TigerPlace, an eldercare facility that promotes aging-in-place. Sensors firings of each day are converted into sequences of daily activities. Using the proposed method, a day with hundreds of sequences is converted into a single data point representing that day and preserving the context of the daily routine at the same time. We obtained an average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9 in detecting days where elder adults need to be assessed.
Reflections on the Economics Profession, the Neoliberal Conjuncture, and the Emerging Democratic Crisis: An Analysis in the Spirit of Albert O. Hirschman*

AbstractHow might Albert O. Hirschman have us theorize the culpability of the economics profession in the profound anti-democratic impulses that have taken root in so many parts of the world? In my reading, Hirschman would want to hold the profession accountable for having produced the unfolding democratic crisis. He was a profound critic of the pursuit of institutional and policy coherence, such as embodied in the utopian neoliberal project, and the associated pursuit of theoretical purity. Hirschman tied grand, systemic thinking to the hubris of the economics profession. He emphasized in particular, the need for humility, patience, and recognition of the epistemic limitations of the profession and the ineluctable complexity of social systems.
Tardigrades of the Canopy: Milnesium burgessi nov. sp. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a New Species from Kansas, U.S.A.

Milnesium burgessi nov. sp. is a new species of tardigrade described from the canopy of eastern Kansas, USA. This unique tardigrade of class Eutardigrada, order Apochela and family Milnesiidae is characterized by its smooth cuticle, six peribuccal lamellae, long primary branch of the claws with accessory points, a claw configuration of [3-3]-[3-3] and a buccal tube that is significantly shorter than other species.
Ten Years of Training: Family Medicine Residents as Conscientious Objectors to Circumcision

Many family medicine residents are opposed to the performance of neonatal circumcision. I will discuss my experiences and insights over the last 10 years providing support for the residents who wish to remain conscientious objectors.
A Single Institution of Review of Patients Complaints and Compliments.

e18205Background: Recent projected shifts in payment models for healthcare have emphasized the importance of ensuring patient satisfaction. Concerns about this system have been expressed as patient...
A proteome-wide screen to identify transcription factors interacting with the Vibrio cholerae rpoS promoter

We describe a proteomic approach to identify transcription factors binding to a target promoter. The method's usefulness was tested by identifying proteins binding to the Vibrio cholerae rpoS promoter in response to cell density. Proteins identified in this screen included the nucleoid-associated protein Fis and the quorum sensing regulator HapR.
Elevating the Edge to Be a Peer of the Cloud

Enabling next generation technologies such as self-driving cars or smart cities requires us to rethink the way we support their applications. The emergence of these technologies is fueled by the proliferation of a large number of devices in the Internet of Things. These devices have the potential to generate massive amounts of data, and applications supporting them often require this data to be processed in a timely manner. Because of these requirements, we must augment and extend the Cloud computing model to better serve such applications. The backhaul links connecting clients to Cloud data centers could quickly become overwhelmed by such data, and the physical distance of these data centers from clients prevents low-latency response times. To meet the challenges posed by emerging IoT applications, we must provide Cloudlike functionality closer to the edge of the network, where clients and their data live. We propose to elevate the Edge to be a peer of the Cloud for addressing these challenges.
Telehealth: Helping Solve a Problem We Created

CITATIONColvin L. Telehealth: helping solve a problem we created. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1195–1196.
Changes in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms during residential treatment for borderline personality disorder: a longitudinal cross-lagged study

Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occur. Recent evidence supports the concomitant treatment of BPD and PTSD. This study uses a longitudinal cross-lagged panel model to examine BPD and PTSD symptom response in a sample of 110 women undergoing residential treatment for BPD. The naturalistic treatment primarily followed a dialectical-behavior therapy protocol, with individualized integration of other major evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for BPD, including mentalization-based treatment, good psychiatric management, and transference-focused psychotherapy. A residentially-based integration of treatment approaches resulted in significant reductions in BPD (d = 0.71) and PTSD (d = 0.75) symptoms. Moreover, changes in BPD symptoms prospectively predicted changes in PTSD symptoms (constrained path b = 1.73), but the reverse was not true (constrained path b = 0.05). A naturalistic integration of EBTs for BPD may benefit both BPD and PTSD symptoms even in the absence of PTSD-oriented intervention. Additionally, the attenuation of BPD symptoms may have positive impact on PTSD symptoms.
Learning Unknown Groundings for Natural Language Interaction with Mobile Robots

Our goal is to enable robots to understand or “ground” natural language instructions in the context of their perceived workspace. Contemporary models learn a probabilistic correspondence between input phrases and semantic concepts (or groundings) such as objects, regions or goals for robot motion derived from the robot’s world model. Crucially, these models assume a fixed and a priori known set of object types as well as phrases and train probable correspondences offline using static language-workspace corpora. Hence, model inference fails when an input command contains unknown phrases or references to novel object types that were not seen during the training. We introduce a probabilistic model that incorporates a notion of unknown groundings and learns a correspondence between an unknown phrase and an unknown object that cannot be classified into known visual categories. Further, we extend the model to “hypothesize” known or unknown object groundings in case the language utterance references an object that exists beyond the robot’s partial view of its workspace. When the grounding for an instruction is unknown or hypothetical, the robot performs exploratory actions to gather new observations and find the referenced objects beyond the current view. Once an unknown grounding is associated with percepts of a new object, the model is adapted and trained online using accrued visual-linguistic observations to reflect the new knowledge gained for interpreting future utterances. We evaluate the model quantitatively using a corpus from a user study and report experiments on a mobile platform in a workspace populated with objects from a standardized dataset. A video of the experimental demonstration is available at: https://youtu.be/XFLNdaUKgW0.
Birthing a Nation: Political Legitimacy and Health Policy in Hastings Kamuzu Banda’s Malawi, 1962–1980

Drawing upon archives in Malawi, the UK and the USA, this article explores the place of public-sector medicine in President Hastings Kamuzu Banda’s ideology of social protection in post-colonial Ma...
Lactobacillus species in drinking water had no main effects on sulphur compounds from manure, egg quality, and selected serum parameters of second cycle hens.

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined probiotic product (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus) on egg quality, sulphur compounds in manure and ser...
Primary small intestine mesenteric low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with foci of atypical epithelioid whorls and diffuse DOG1 expression: a case report

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare fibroblastic tumor often involving deep tissue of trunk and lower extremities in young to middle-aged patients. Rarely, LGFMS can occur in other sites including head and neck, chest, abdomen and female reproductive system. Three cases of LGFMS in mesentery of small intestine have been reported and all have conventional histologic features. Herein we reported a unique case of LGFMS in mesentery of small intestine. A 43 year-old male with chief complaint of lower back pain for 4 years presented to our hospital. Physical exam reveal a firm, non-tender, non-distended, mobile large abdominal mass, which was shown on abdominal CT as a 10 cm retroperitoneal tumor. Biopsy revealed a spindle cell neoplasm in a myxoid background with a delicate vascular network. Tumor resection was performed. Gross examination of the resected specimen showed a 10.8 cm, tan-white, smooth, firm, lobulated mesenteric mass with bulging and gelatinous cut surface and confined within small bowel serosa. Microscopic examination demonstrated foci epithelioid cords and whorls with prominent atypia, in additional of regular, bland-appearing spindle cells in a fibrous and myxoid stroma and osseous metaplasia. The tumor cells stained diffusely positive for DOG1 with moderate staining density, and diffusely and strongly positive for MUC4. Rearrangement involving FUS (16p11.2) gene was identified with break-apart probe and confirmed by Anchored Multiplex PCR. A final diagnosis of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma was rendered. Our case highlights the importance of including LGFMS in the differential diagnosis of mesenteric tumors and the DOG1 positivity which could represent a potential diagnostic pitfall.
Interventions that promote resilience among teachers: A systematic review of the literature

In this article we discuss teacher resilience and the critical role it plays in preventing attrition and burnout in schools. Using a bioecological model, we examine protective and risk factors that...
Ocular exposure to infectious laryngotracheitis virus alters leukocyte subsets in the head-associated lymphoid tissues and trachea of 6-week-old White Leghorn chickens

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes acute respiratory disease primarily infecting the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva. Administration of live attenuated ILTV vaccines via eye drop, drinking water, or by coarse spray elicits protective mucosal immunity in the head-associated lymphoid tissues (HALT), of which conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and the Harderian gland (HG) are important tissue components. The trachea, a non-lymphoid tissue, also receives significant influx of inflammatory cells that dictate the outcome of ILTV infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate leukocyte cellular and phenotypic changes in the CALT, HG and trachea following ocular infection with a virulent ILTV strain. At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post-infection, CALT, HG, and trachea of 6-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens ocularly-exposed to vehicle or virulent ILTV strain 63140 were dissociated, the cells enumerated and then phenotyped using flow cytometry. The CALT had the highest viral genomic load, which peaked on day 3. In ILTV-infected birds, the CALT had a decreased percentage of leukocytes. This was reflected by decreased numbers of MHCI+MHCII-, MHCI+MHCIIlow+, and CD4+ cells, while IgM+ and MHCI+MHCIIHigh+ expressing cell populations increased. In the HG, the most notable change in cells from ILTV-infected birds was a decrease in IgM expressing cells and histologically, an increase in Mott cells. In summary, an acute, ocular exposure to ILTV strain 63140 in young birds shifts subsets of lymphocyte populations in the CALT and HG with minimal impact on the trachea.
Abstract B04: High-level expression of oncogenic KRAS is required to transform LKB1 mutant tissue in vivo

Although activating mutations in the GTPase KRAS are oncogenic and implicated in various malignancies, mutations in KRAS alone are inefficient to transform epithelia. In lung adenocarcinoma, KRAS mutations occur at high frequency and co-segregate with loss of the LKB1 tumor suppressor, a master serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates multiple AMPK family kinases to control energy homeostasis, cell polarity, and cell:matrix signaling. Despite our current knowledge of LKB1 biology, the complexity of the signaling pathway has precluded investigations into the precise mechanism by which alteration of this kinase contributes to oncogenic transformation and tumor progression in vivo. In the present study, we introduced mutations in Kras and Lkb1 in the genetically tractable organism Drosophila melanogaster. We show that low-level expression of oncogenic Kras (KrasLow) promotes the survival of Lkb1-mutant tissue, eventually leading to a G1 arrest, and concomitant overgrowth of the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, high-level expression of oncogenic Kras (KrasHigh) promotes the neoplastic transformation of Lkb1-mutant tissue, leading to autonomous growth and increased cell cycle progression, invasion of mutant tissue into the brain, and the survival and growth of explanted tumor tissue in a wild-type Drosophila host. Interestingly, phosphorylation of the canonical Lkb1 target AMPK is maintained in KrasHigh/Lkb1 neoplastic tissue, but not in KrasLow/Lkb1 tissue. Finally, we analyzed TCGA Pan Lung Cancer data and show that high-level, but not low-level, expression of oncogenic KRAS results in worse overall survival in the context of LKB1 loss. Taken together, these data suggest that increasing levels of oncogenic KRAS, perhaps through mutant KRAS copy gains, are a driving event in the malignant transformation of LKB1-mutant tissue, and that the rewired AMPK signaling axis may offer a potential therapeutic target for patients with this subset of mutations. Citation Format: Briana B. Rackley, Chang-Soo Seong, Melissa Gilbert-Ross. High-level expression of oncogenic KRAS is required to transform LKB1 mutant tissue in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B04.
A 3.75-kW High-Power-Transfer-Density Capacitive Wireless Charging System for EVs Utilizing Toro idal-Interleaved-Foil Coupled Inductors

This paper presents a multi-kilowatt-scale high-power transfer-density high-efficiency capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system suitable for electric vehicle (EV) charging. The system’s high performance is enabled by innovative toroidal-interleaved-foil (TIF) coupled-inductor based matching networks. These matching networks also leverage the charging environment’s parasitic capacitances to provide gain and reactive compensation. This new coupled inductor design is optimized to minimize losses while achieving a sufficiently high self-resonance frequency. TIF coupled inductors optimized for a 3.75-kW capacitive WPT system achieve a quality factor of 2055 and self-resonance frequency of 22.3 MHz. A 13.56-MHz 12-cm air-gap 22-cm diameter coupling-plate prototype capacitive WPT system using TIF coupled inductors is designed, built and tested. This system achieves record-breaking performance for a capacitive EV charging system, transferring 3.75 kW at an efficiency of 94.7%, corresponding to a power transfer density of 49.4 $kW/m^{2}$.
Statistical Guideline #6. Indicate magnitude and precision in your estimation and use “new statistics”

This is one in a series of statistical guidelines designed to highlight common statistical considerations in behavioral medicine research. The goal is to briefly discuss appropriate ways to analyze and present data in the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (IJBM). Collectively, the series will culminate in a set of basic statistical guidelines to be adopted by IJBM and integrated into the journal’s official Instructions for Authors, and also to serve as an independent resource. If you have ideas for a future topic, please email the Statistical Editor, Suzanne Segerstrom at segerstrom@uky.edu.
Convenient decagram scale preparation of ethyl 3,4-diethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate, a versatile precursor for pyrrole-based macrocycles and chromophores

Abstract Herein, we describe a detailed preparation of the versatile pyrrole building block 3,4-diethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate (1), a key structural feature in various porphyrins, porphyrinoids, and other chromophores. 1 was prepared via a one-pot DBU catalyzed Henry reaction and acid catalyzed acetylation followed by an aqueous workup and telescoping through an adapted Magnus-Schollkopf-Barton-Zard cyclization protocol from commercial starting materials. The three-step preparation utilized new chemistry, requires only one formal purification step, and affords 1 at 86% yield and >99% purity on a decagram scale.
Anemia, iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency in cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease.

BACKGROUND Iron deficiency and cobalamin deficiency, as sequelae to chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease, could result in anemia and increased morbidity in cats with chronic enteropathies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate iron deficiency in cats with chronic GI disease and its relationship with hypocobalaminemia, anemia, and disease severity. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned cats with primary GI disease. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study. Cats were enrolled at the time of evaluation for chronic GI disease, after exclusion of comorbidities. CBC with reticulocyte indices, iron metabolism (serum iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron binding capacity [TIBC]), serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), cobalamin, and folate concentrations, pancreatic lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity, and disease severity were evaluated. RESULTS Anemia (hematocrit <30%), iron deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency were diagnosed in 4/20, 7/20, and 8/20 cats, respectively. Hematocrit (rs = -.45; P < .05) and body condition score (rs = -.60; P < .01) negatively correlated with MMA. Median TIBC was lower in cats with increased vs normal MMA (218 μg/mL; range, 120-466 μg/mL vs 288 μg/mL; range, 195-369 μg/mL; P = .02). Hematocrit (rs = .51; P = .02), reticulocyte MCV (rs = .52; P = .02), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (rs = .71; P < .001), and percent transferrin saturation (rs = .79; P < .0001) positively correlated with serum iron concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Functional iron deficiency was common in cats with chronic GI disease. Associations between hypocobalaminemia, iron parameters, and hematologic parameters warrant further investigation on the impact of iron deficiency on chronic GI disease morbidity in cats.
Better together: Alveolar macrophage and memory T cell cosignaling in ex vivo human lungs

Ex vivo lung perfusion enables assessment of the resident adaptive immune system and provides insight into the lung response to pathogen exposure.
Racial, Ethnic, and Insurance-Based Disparities Upon Initiation of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema in the US.

Purpose This study characterizes the association of risk factors including race, ethnicity, and insurance status with presenting visual acuity (VA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity in patients initiating treatment with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Participants The Academy Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry database was queried for patients who initiated anti-VEGF injection treatment for DME between 2012 and 2020 (n = 203 707). Methods Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to understand how race, ethnicity, insurance status, and geographic location were associated with baseline features. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and DR severity. Results Patients on Medicare and private insurance presented with higher baseline VA compared with patients on Medicaid (median of 2.31 and 4.17 greater Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Scale [ETDRS] letters, respectively P Conclusions There are ethnic and insurance-based disparities in VA and disease severity upon initiation of anti-VEGF therapy for DME treatment. Public health initiatives could improve timely initiation of treatment.
Supply chain horizontal complexity and the moderating impact of inventory turns: A study of the automotive component industry

Abstract This study examines the impact that a focal firm's number of products it produces, number of suppliers it sources from, and number of customers is sells to has on firm financial performance (ROA and ROS). Additionally, we test the moderating impact of inventory turns on these relationships. Using archival data compiled from different databases, we use multivariate regression and moderation analysis to test our hypotheses in the context of the automotive component industry. We find that increased number of products has a positive direct effect on financial performance with diminishing returns. Additionally, increased inventory turns has a positive interaction with both increased number of products and increased number of suppliers. This suggests that firms can leverage the competency needed to achieve improved inventory turns to better manage the horizontal complexity inherent with a broader supply base and product line. This is the first paper to our knowledge that simultaneously studies upstream, downstream and internal sources of supply chain horizontal complexity within a single industry, thus providing a supply chain view of the topic. Our findings have important implications for practitioners grappling with the tradeoffs inherent in managing supply chain horizontal structural complexity.
WiFi iLocate: WiFi based indoor localization for smartphone

In recent years, the increasing popularity of smartphones has promoted the development of location-aware applications. However, highly accurate indoor localization by smartphones remains an open problem. In this paper, we present WiFi iLocate — a system that can help track the location and movement of a smartphone user in indoor environments. The system applies Gaussian process regression to train the collected WiFi received signal strength (RSS) dataset, and particle filter for the estimation of the smartphone user's location and movement. Simulations were conducted in MATLAB to test the performance and provide more insights of the proposed approach. The experiments carried with an iOS device in typical library environment illustrate that our system is an accurate, real-time, press-to-go system.
Breaking the Recursive Bottleneck

If we are looking for ways to implement high-performance systems, there are several directions we can head. One direction is to use high-speed technologies, such as bipolar or GaAs, which allow us to gain performance without modification to the methods or algorithms. If, in contrast, we wish to exploit one of the low-cost VLSI technologies, particularly CMOS, we can gain much more impressive advantages in performance by exploiting concurrency in addition to speed. This is because, while the scaling of these technologies does naturally result in higher speed (roughly proportional to the reciprocal of the scaling factor), it has a much more dramatic effect on the available complexity (which increases roughly as the square of the speed)[1]. Two other characteristics which lead to high performance implementations should also be kept in mind. First, it is desirable to use structures with localized communications, since communications is expensive in speed, power, and die area. Second, it is desirable to achieve localized timing, meaning that whenever signals must propagate a long distance there is available a suitable delay time[2].