cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Isoeugenol a Prehapten? Characterization of a Thiol-Reactive Oxidative Byproduct of Isoeugenol and Potential Implications for Skin Sensitization

Isoeugenol is widely used by the cosmetic and fragrance industries, but it also represents a known cause of skin sensitization adverse effects. Although devoid of a structural alert, isoeugenol has been classified as prehapten in virtue of the presence of a pre-Michael acceptor domain. Isoeugenol oxidation could theoretically lead to the generation of reactive toxic quinones, and photoinduced oxidative degradation of isoeugenol was reported to generate strongly thiol reactive byproducts. Nonetheless, the isoeugenol degradation product responsible for increased reactivity was found to be elusive. In the present study, an aged isoeugenol sample was subjected to reactivity-guided experiments to trap elusive thiol reactive species with a fluorescent nucleophile, viz. dansyl cysteamine (DCYA). The results herein presented demonstrate that photo-oxidation of isoeugenol led to the formation of a dimeric 7,4'-oxyneolignan with strong chemical reactivity, capable of nucleophilic substitution with thiols. The results were confirmed by isolation, structural characterization, and further NMR reactivity studies. Isoeugenol is already well-known as moderately reactive in thiol depletion assays, and was herein demonstrated to be capable of converting to more potent electrophilic species upon degradation, thus acting as a prehapten. The application of the reactivity-guided strategy described herein was shown to serve as an effective tool to investigate elusive skin sensitizers.
Diagnosis and Management of FVII Deficiency

Factor VII is a clotting factor produced by the liver that interacts with tissue factor to initiate blood coagulation. Deficiency of factor VII can present with variable bleeding symptoms. There is a lack of correlation between clinical phenotypes and FVII coagulant activity. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Outcomes and management options are discussed in context of a case presentation.
Performance of 16 Stevia rebaudiana seed cultigens for glycosides and yield in North Carolina

Abstract Currently, stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) seeds are available to growers from many sources, but the origin of these populations is often unknown. Since stevia is a natural outcrosser, populations are heterozygous and heterogeneous. We were interested to characterize germplasm from 16 sources of stevia seeds for traits including yield, glycosides, and plant morphology, and then identify trait correlations. The cultigens evaluated were obtained from garden seed companies and commercial sources, and the trials were conducted for two years at two field locations. To quantify plant morphological traits, objective measurements were collected at two intervals to determine stem height, branching width, and leaf area. In addition, we screened for lodging and disease resistance, and yield before flowering stage. The cultigens tested were highly variable for yield and steviol glycosides, suggesting that a diverse genetic base is found among the population which is readily available to growers and breeders. High-yielding cultigens for biomass and glycoside concentration were identified. Cultigens with the highest yield and stability over years were seed-derived progeny from ‘Katupyry’, sourced from Stevia Store, and represent genetics useful in breeding for increased biomass. Cultigens with the highest glycoside level were NC-1003 and NC-1022, seed grown from Seed Savers, and could be used to improve desirable glycosides. This study highlights readily available seed cultigens that can be used to develop elite breeding populations.
Hedgehog bases for A n cluster polylogarithms and an application to six-point amplitudes

Multi-loop scattering amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ Yang-Mills theory possess cluster algebra structure. In order to develop a computational framework which exploits this connection, we show how to construct bases of Goncharov polylogarithm functions, at any weight, whose symbol alphabet consists of cluster coordinates on the A n cluster algebra. Using such a basis we present a new expression for the 2-loop 6-particle NMHV amplitude which makes some of its cluster structure manifest.
Which buy-side institutions participate in public earnings conference calls? Implications for capital markets and sell-side coverage

Abstract We examine the participation of analysts from different buy-side institutions (hedge funds, mutual funds, and RIAs) in public earnings conference calls and the associated capital market implications. Using 81,652 conference call transcripts for 3346 companies from 2007 to 2016, we find that buy-side analysts ask questions on approximately 18% of calls. Relative to sell-side analysts, buy-side analysts' interactions with management are shorter, convey less favorable tone, and exhibit more uncertainty. Buy-side activity on earnings calls is also associated with subsequent reductions in sell-side coverage, and buy-side tone is associated with sell-side analysts' price target revisions after the call. Importantly, our findings suggest that buy-side analysts representing a hedge fund play an important and unique role on conference calls. Specifically, hedge fund analysts represent nearly half (47%) of all buy-side appearances. In addition, when short interest in the firm is high, analysts representing a hedge fund are less likely to be permitted to ask the first question on the call, to ask lengthy questions, or to ask additional follow-up questions. Relatedly, relative to other buy-side analysts, the information conveyed by hedge fund analysts during the call is more strongly associated with both stock returns and investor uncertainty following the call.
Energy Landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Extensive Conformational Heterogeneity

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has produced a number of structural models of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, already prompting biomedical outcomes. However, these reported models and their associated electrostatic potential maps represent an unknown admixture of conformations stemming from the underlying energy landscape of the spike protein. As for any protein, some of the spike's conformational motions are expected to be biophysically relevant, but cannot be interpreted only by static models. Using experimental cryo-EM images, we present the energy landscape of the spike protein conformations, and identify molecular rearrangements along the most-likely conformational path in the vicinity of the open (so called 1RBD-up) state. The resulting global and local atomic refinements reveal larger movements than those expected by comparing the reported 1RBD-up and 1RBD-down cryo-EM models. Here we report greater degrees of "openness" in global conformations of the 1RBD-up state, not revealed in the single-model interpretations of the density maps, together with conformations that overlap with the reported models. We discover how the glycan shield contributes to the stability of these conformations along the minimum free-energy pathway. A local analysis of seven key binding pockets reveals that six out them, including those for engaging ACE2, therapeutic mini-proteins, linoleic acid, two different kinds of antibodies, and protein-glycan interaction sites, switch conformations between their known apo- and holo-conformations, even when the global spike conformation is 1RBD-up. This is reminiscent of a conformational pre-equilibrium. We found only one binding pocket, namely antibody AB-C135 to remain closed along the entire minimum free energy path, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for this enzyme.
Generalizations and Interesting Directions

In this chapter, we generalize our approach to the Internet with both cellular and ad-hoc wireless links and to NUM with general concave utility functions. In addition, we outline that generalized Nyquist criterion and stochastic approximation tools can be employed to study the stability and performance of the proposed network schemes in realistic Internet environments with feedback delays and network traffic/channel dynamics, and the proposed approach could be generalized to joint congestion control, routing, and link-scheduling optimization for networks supporting multipath source routing.
Women rule: potato markets, cellular phones and access to information in the Bolivian highlands

In highland Bolivia, potato markets are widespread and access to market information has entered the digital age. Information networks lubricated by ubiquitous cellular technologies are supplanting traditional means of information-gathering. We explore the impacts of access to cellular phones on market selection, use of social networks to acquire information, and gendered responsibilities within the potato market chain near Cochabamba. The entire family participates in potato production and marketing, but responsibilities are differentiated by gender. Men take a leading role in potato production and women in marketing. Access to cellular phones affects decisions about where to market potatoes and improves the potato marketing process.
Recovery Discontinuous Galerkin Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov Method for All-Speed Flows

There is an increasing interest to develop the next generation simulation tools for the advanced nuclear energy systems. These tools will utilize the state-of-art numerical algorithms and computer science technology in order to maximize the predictive capability, support advanced reactor designs, reduce uncertainty and increase safety margins. In analyzing nuclear energy systems. we are interested in compressible low-Mach number, high heat flux flows with a wide range of Re, Ra, and Pr numbers. Under these conditions, the focus is placed on turbulent heat transfer, in contrast to other industries whose main interest is in capturing turbulent mixing. Our objective is to develop single-point turbulence closure models for large-scale engineering CFD code, using direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) or Large Eddy Simulation (LES) tools, requireing very accurate and efficient numerical algorithms.
Property Rights and the Economy of Nature: Understanding Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council

There was every reason to expect 1992 to be a year of dramatic change in the constitutional law of takings. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari to four cases involving takings issues, each of which could have led to major revisions in takings jurisprudence. In PFZ Properties, Inc. v. Rodriguez, 1 a Puerto Rican land developer claimed that the government had effectively denied him the right to use his property through its delay and evasiveness in acting on his permit application. The Court could have used Rodriguez to define constitutional limits on anti-development tactics, but instead it dismissed the writ following oral argument.2 General Motors Corp. v. Romein3 involved a regulatory law which upset contractual arrangements between an employer and its employees regarding workers' compensation benefits. While it appeared that the Court might revisit the retroactivity doctrine, instead it affirmed the validity of retroactive economic regulation, just as it has done several times in recent years.4 Retroactivity doctrine is important to takings cases because it potentially limits the application of new regulatory standards to existing contractual relationships such as that of employer and employee. Yee v. City of Escondido5 concerned the validity of a rent control ordinance applied to rentals of mobile home pads.6 The Court
Abstract 4187: Splicing factorsESRP1/ESRP2as regulators of endocrine resistance in breast cancer

Deregulation of alternative splicing (AS) has been implicated in the development of drug resistance, tumor progression and metastasis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as controllers of AS may act as master regulators of cellular behavior. Among the RBPs, we previously have shown that the expression of epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (ESRP1 & ESRP2) have significantly elevated in cases with high Oncotype DX scores and in ERα-positive cells with acquired tamoxifen resistance (MCF-7/ LCC2) (SABCS 2013). This study seeks to identify genes and their splice variants that are regulated by ESRP1 & ESRP2 and could cause development of endocrine resistance. To identify alternatively spliced genes by ESRP1 & ESRP2 in endocrine resistance, we have performed a four step bioinformatics approach as follows: 1) Motif analysis to identify genes targeted by ESRP1 & ESRP2, 2) Comparison of differentially expressed genes in tamoxifen treated samples (GSE17700 and GSE17705) with genes targeted by ESRP1 & ESRP2 identified above, 3) Protein-protein interaction from BIOGRID and 4) survival data using publically available datasets (KM Plotter). Motif analysis identified 15,450 genes targeted both by ESRP1 (P 50) narrowed down 79 candidate genes that are associated with tamoxifen resistance. Some of the genes (AURKA, ERRB3, ESR2, EGFR, and MDM2) have been previously implicated in the de novo or acquired resistance to tamoxifen. Validation of splicing variants of these genes in human tumors is ongoing. Elevated expression of ESRP1 & ESRP2 and its target genes play an important role in the development of tamoxifen resistance and recurrence of ER+ breast cancer. ESRP1 & ESRP2 by affecting splicing have the potential to induce tamoxifen resistance via multiple genes and pathways. Targeting ESRP1 & ESRP2 may offer novel avenues for combating endocrine-resistance in breast cancer. Citation Format: Yesim Gokmen-Polar, Yaseswini Nellamraju, Xiaoping Gu, Sarath C. Janga, Sunil S. Badve. Splicing factors ESRP1/ESRP2 as regulators of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4187
Estimation of jet flow rate from Doppler proximal velocity acceleration: theoretical predictions from conformal mapping of inviscid flow fields

The influence of finite orifice size and nonplanar global geometry on the calculation of flow rate from color Doppler echocardiography is examined. To investigate these two effects conformal mapping is used to simulate inviscid flow fields. It is found that (1) a finite orifice causes flow rate underestimation, but this error is negligible when the radius is beyond three orifice radii; and (2) a funnel-shaped inlet zone causes flow to be proportional to the amount of a hemisphere subtended by the funnel. These predictions are consistent with findings from previous in vitro and clinical studies. >
Arsenic incorporation in HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We report the results of in situ doping of HgCdTe by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using an elemental arsenic source. Arsenic was successfully incorporated as an acceptor during the MBE growth using either a conventional or planar doping approach. Hall effect measurements and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) were used to investigate arsenic activity before and after different Hg anneals. Close to 100% acceptor doping efficiency with arsenic was obtained on these MBE grown layers after annealing. This corresponds to a total arsenic concentration of approximately 2×1018 cm−3 which is more than sufficient for a wide range of infrared devices. At much higher total arsenic concentration, electrical activity falls off drastically.
Plant virus detection using a new form of indirect ELISA

A novel form of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been devised for the detection of viruses in plants. The method uses protein A in two applications to sandwich antibody-antigen-antibody layers. The first applied layer of protein A prepares the plate for the coating antibody layer. The second layer of protein A is conjugated to the enzyme and detects the second antibody layer. The orientation of the IgG induced in the coating layer of antibody prevents later unwanted reaction with the conjugated protein A. Using seven antisera, protein A sandwich ELISA (PAS-ELISA) detected homologous virus isolates in standard dilutions of infected plant homogenates at A405 values which were at least one absorbance unit greater than those of healthy controls. The PAS-ELISA method was more sensitive than the direct double antibody sandwich form of ELISA (DAS-ELISA), e.g. not only were A405 values for homologous reactions greater in PAS-ELISA but also an antiserum to a birch isolate of cherry leaf roll virus detected four related isolates with the new method against only one with DAS-ELISA. However, dilution end points for the homologous virus were about the same in both methods. In a practical application, PAS-ELISA detected prune dwarf virus in 18-36% of tested Prunus avium seeds.
α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors targeted by cholinergic developmental neurotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos

Abstract α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a role in axonogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and are therefore potential targets for developmental neurotoxicants. We administered nicotine to neonatal rats during discrete periods spanning the onset and peak of axonogenesis/synaptogenesis, focusing on three brain regions with disparate distributions of cell bodies and neural projections: brainstem, forebrain and cerebellum. Nicotine treatment on postnatal days (PN) 1–4 had little or no effect on α7 nAChRs but treatment during the second (PN11–14) or third (PN21–24) weeks elicited significant decrements in receptor expression in brainstem and cerebellum, regions containing cell bodies that project to the forebrain. Exposure to chlorpyrifos, a neurotoxicant pesticide that acts partially through cholinergic mechanisms, also elicited deficits in α7 nAChRs during the second postnatal week but not the first week. For both nicotine and chlorpyrifos, the effects on α7 nAChRs were distinct from those on the α4β2 subtype. Continuous prenatal nicotine exposure, which elicits subsequent, postnatal deficits in axonogenesis and synaptogenesis, also produced delayed-onset changes in α7 nAChRs, characterized by reductions in the forebrain and upregulation in the brainstem and cerebellum, a pattern consistent with impaired axonogenesis/synaptogenesis and reactive sprouting. Males were more sensitive to the persistent effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on α7 nAChRs, a pattern that mimics neurobehavioral deficits resulting from this treatment. The present findings reinforce the mechanistic involvement of α7 nAChRs in the actions of developmental neurotoxicants, and its biomarker potential for neuroteratogens that target neuritic outgrowth.
Primary pulley enlargement in zone 2 by incision and repair with an extensor retinaculum graft.

Purpose This retrospective study documents the results of primary enlargement of tendon sheath pulleys by incision and extensor retinaculum graft repair during flexor tendon repairs in zone 2 in 9 fingers. Methods The entire A2 or A4 pulley was enlarged by complete incision and repaired with an interposed extensor retinaculum graft at the time of primary flexor tendon repair in a total of 9 fingers in 7 patients, ages 15 to 54 years. The indication for primary pulley enlargement was failure of the tendon repair to glide smoothly and without snagging through the normally tight-fitting pulley system. In no case was more than one major pulley enlarged, and the entire A1 pulley was never enlarged. The zone 2 tendon repairs were done using a 2-strand modified Kessler 3-0 core suture and a 6-0 nylon running circumferential suture. The follow-up averaged 3.6 years. Interphalangeal total active motion and Strickland-Glogovac grade in patients with adequate follow-up of more than 6 months or obtaining full range of motion were obtained from a retrospective chart review. Results Interphalangeal total active motion averaged 127° and the scores according to the Strickland-Glogovac system were excellent for 3, good for 2, fair for 2, and poor for 2. There were no tendon ruptures. Two fingers in one patient required a tenolysis and a third finger had secondary skin scar lengthening. Two fingers had visible and palpable bowstringing when seen at long-term follow-up and there was an average flexion contracture of 21°. Conclusions Primary pulley enlargement using a free graft in zone 2 tendon injuries may achieve the 3 goals of providing a good gliding environment, avoiding triggering, and minimizing bowstringing. These initial clinical outcomes are average for zone 2 tendon repair, but encouraging. Further research and refinement in surgical technique and rehabilitation method are needed to minimize flexion contractures. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Individual differences in the reinforcing and punishing effects of nicotine in rhesus monkeys

Rationale The relatively weak reinforcing effects of nicotine in experimental studies have been attributed to possible aversive effects or the need to space nicotine administrations over time to expose reinforcing effects.
Beyond water on Mars

Mars exploration has been guided by the search for water. The more complex quest by Mars Science Laboratory for habitable environments should illuminate the Martian environmental history, and possibly deliver insights into extraterrestrial life.
How do spiral troughs form on Mars

A three-dimensional model for the coupled evolution of ice-surface temperature and elevation in the Martian polar ice caps is presented. The model includes [(1)][1] enhanced heat absorption on steep, dust-exposed scarps, [(2)][2] accumulation and ablation, and [(3)][3] lateral conduction of heat within the ice cap. The model equations are similar to classic equations for excitable media, including nerve fibers and chemical oscillators. In two dimensions, a small zone of initial melting in the model develops into a train of poleward-migrating troughs with widths similar to those observed on Mars. Starting from random initial conditions, the three-dimensional model reproduces spiral waves very similar to those in the north polar ice cap, including secondary features such as gull-wing–shaped troughs, bifurcations, and terminations. These results suggest that eolian processes and ice flow may not control trough morphology. [1]: #disp-formula-1 [2]: #disp-formula-2 [3]: #disp-formula-3
Aspects of the Electrocaloric Behavior of Ferroelectric Thin Films: A Review of the Predictions of the Landau-Ginzburg Theory

A thermodynamic model is used to investigate the electrocaloric response of thin film perovskite ferroelectrics under the influence of differing electrical, thermal and mechanical boundary conditions including bias and driving field, temperature, lateral clamping and misfit strain. A comparison of the electrothermal properties of ferroelectric solid solutions comprised of BaTiO3, PbTiO3 and/or SrTiO3 illustrates the influence of composition on electrocaloric properties. Computations made for (001) textured polycrystalline BaTiO3 films on IC-friendly substrates quantify the effects of thermal stresses. The combined results provide insights concerning how the deposition temperature, substrate material and composition can be adjusted to obtain desired electrocaloric response.
Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

In this article, we review the many causes of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and discuss current strategies for rendering a specific diagnosis. Diagnostic tools considered in this review include: clinical assessment, upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, scintigraphy, and conventional arteriography as well as computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. An algorithm for the diagnostic work-up of the patient with GI bleeding is included.
Population-Based Estimates of Emergency Department Visits, Short-Stay Admissions and Hospital Admissions for Gastroenteritis in Children 1-59 Months of Age in Hamilton County, Ohio

Population-Based Estimates of Emergency Department Visits, Short-Stay Admissions and Hospital Admissions for Gastroenteritis in Children 1-59 Months of Age in Hamilton County, Ohio
Linear programming and operator means

The shorted operator, the geometric mean, and the cascade limit are all examples of operations that are of the form sup{X|C + K @? X >= 0}, where K @? X denotes the Kronecker product of the matrix K with the matrix X, K is a given n by n self-adjoint matrix, and C is a given positive semidefinite matrix. The supremum is taken with respect to the partial order generated by the positive semidefinite matrices. In all of the above examples the matrix K has exactly one negative eigenvalue. We show by linear programming techniques that if K has this property, and X"m"a"x = sup{X|C + K @? X >= 0}, then (X"m"a"xc, c) = inf tr(AY), subject to: -@?"i","j" "=" "1^nk"i"jY"i"j >= cc^*, Y = {Y"i"j)"i","j" "=" "1^n >= 0} In the case of the geometric mean A#B of two positive semidefinite matrices, this implies the new result that (A#Bc, c) = inf{tr(AY"1"1 + BY"2"2|Y"1"2 + Y"2"1 >= cc^*, Y >= 0}.
Protonation of Chlorine Nitrate and Nitric Acid: Identification of Isomers by Vibrational Spectroscopy

Predissociation spectra in the 2.6−3.3 μm region were observed for protonated chlorine nitrate and protonated nitric acid as well as some of their isotopomers (HXNO3+, X = H, D, 35Cl, 37Cl). Two protonated isomers of both ClONO2 and HNO3 were identified from the vibrational spectra. The lowest energy isomer was the ion−molecule complex NO2+(HOX) formed by protonation of the XO group. The second isomer was the metastable species (HO)(XO)NO+ formed by protonation of a terminal oxygen; this isomer was generated only under hotter ionizing conditions. The vibrational band centers of these isomers agreed well with ab initio predictions. Vibrational excitation of the HXNO3+ species studied here led solely to NO2+ + HOX products. Predissociation of the covalently bound metastable isomers (HO)(XO)NO+ to these products required an IR-induced rearrangement involving simultaneous 1,3 hydrogen shift and charge transfer. The results presented here were consistent with predictions of ab initio calculations and previous ...
Evidence against the existence of strong diffuse x-ray scattering from gold twist boundaries at room temperature

Research on diffuse scattering from twist boundaries in gold is reported. In order to obtain an unambiguous measure of the diffuse scattering from the boundary, we developed a technique in which the total diffuse scattering is measured from the same specimen containing the boundary, and then not containing the boundary, and then determining any difference. This is accomplished by first measuring the diffuse scattering from the bilayer specimen containing the boundary. The specimen is then removed from its polymer film support and annealed gently at 175/degree/C in order to convert the metastable layered bicrystal into a more stable structure consisting of columnar grains separated by short transverse boundaries, as illustrated in Fig. 3(b). In this process, the original flat twist boundary is eliminated. The specimen is then remounted on a polymer film support in as reproducible a manner as possible, and the diffuse scattering is again measured. 13 refs., 6 figs.
The internationalization of human resource management

Abstract As we enter the new millennium, we are witnessing the rapid appreciation for and development of all aspects of global and international activities and issues associated with and affected by human resource management. In order to understand the internationalization of human resource management, this paper reviews three recently published works by Poole (1999), Schuler and Jackson (1999), and Storey (2000) to map out past research and emerging areas within this field of study.
Registration of multiphoton optical images of cervical tissue to quantitative ultrasound data

Collagen remodeling, leading to cervical softening and ripening, is essential for normal vaginal delivery. If this process happens too early there is increased risk of preterm birth, which puts the child at risk for life long health complications and early death. Collagen content and organization in the cervix plays a large role in cervical function. The cervix is highly aligned and layered, and this organization breaks down during remodeling. Cervical collagen remodeling begins early in pregnancy, but there is currently no reliable, non-invasive, quantitative metric for determining whether a cervix is changing too rapidly, thus no effective measure of the risk of preterm birth. We have been developing quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques to measure the alignment, and corroborating those QUS measurements with optical microscopy and quantitative image analysis in the form of curvelet transforms (a multi-scale transform similar to wavelets). We show how different choices of scale for the curvelet transform characterize features at different spatial scales. In particular we are investigating which spatial scale, chosen for curvelet analysis, is most predictive of the ultrasound alignment measurements. The spatially-registered US echo power loss measurements are consistent with gross inspection of the optical image itself and with a curvelets based analysis done at the largest spatial scale.
Elastic Scattering of Hadrons at 50 to 200 GeV

The differential cross section for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, and ${p}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ on hydrogen have been measured in the range $0.07l\ensuremath{-}tl1.6$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. The dependence on momentum, momentum, transfer, and particle type are discussed.
In utero intervention for urologic diseases

The burgeoning use of prenatal ultrasonography has prompted discussion of the feasibility and capabilities of fetal intervention for urologic disorders. On the basis of the capabilities of fetal intervention, three prenatally diagnosed anomalies are of primary interest to urologists: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) and myelomeningocele. Various interventions (surgical or pharmacological) are being developed for fetuses with these diagnoses. For fetuses with CAH or LUTO, successful outcomes have certainly been demonstrated, although no results from prospective randomized trials have been published. In utero treatment of CAH is accomplished through oral administration of glucocorticoids to the expectant mother. However, the long-term effects of this strategy have been insufficiently studied and remain undetermined. In the fetus with a LUTO, prenatal intervention has primarily been accomplished by placement of a vesicoamniotic shunt. Although this technique results in improved perinatal survival according to several systematic reviews of the literature, the data originate from small, heterogeneous populations of patients. By contrast, a randomized controlled trial of fetal myelomeningocele closure resulted in greatly reduced rates of both ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and hydrocephalus. The future of fetal intervention in urology is contingent upon improved methods of studying the clinical outcomes of such treatments.
Significance of trisomy 7 in thyroid tumors.

Abstract Standard cytogenetic studies of a multifocal metastasizing papillary thyroid carcinoma revealed two clonal chromosome aberrations: rearranged 10q and trisomy 7. Trisomy 7 seemed to be restricted to tumor nodule A, whereas era (10q) was detected in tumor nodule B and in a metastatic lymph node. We applied fluorescent in situ hybridization to ask whether trisomy 7 was a feature of the original tumor nodule or an in vitro phenomenon changing quantitatively during early passages and to see whether trisomy 7 was restricted to tumor nodule A. We used the biotinylated chromosome 7 alphasatellite probe D7Z1 on freshly dropped slides from metaphase harvests from tumor nodule A,B, and the lymph node and on touch preparations from the frozen specimen of tumor nodule A. Trisomy 7 was present in the original tumor nodule (6% of cells), as well as in early passages (P1–3) from both tumor nodules and the metastatic lymph node with a frequency of 10.7–13.2%. The detection of trisomy 7 as a stable component in short-term cell culture and its presence in the original tumor material indicates that this common numerical aberration is an in vivo phenomenon.
Integer monolayer metallic superlattices

Abstract We report the fabrication of metallic superlattices modulated by integer number of atomic planes of Mo and Ta. The set of superlattices reported here retain structural coherence and exhibit metallic resistivity behavior over the entire range of wavelengths down to the monolayer limit. These results contrast with structural and transport behavior observed in other metal-metal superlattices previously studied.
Distribution of plasma magnesium in various vertebrates.

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma magnesium in at least five mammalian species (humans, rat, dog, sheep, cattle) is in the form of a complex, separable from ionic magnesium and plasma protein by size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-10. 2. 2. Plasma magnesium in three non-mammalian vertebrates (toads, trout, chicken) behaves similarly to ionic magnesium or as a very small magnesium complex on Sephadex G-10.
Characterization of the gap junction protein, connexin45.

Connexin45 is a gap junction protein which forms channels with unique characteristics. RNA blots demonstrated that connexin45 is expressed in a number of cell lines including WB, SK Hepl, BHK, A7r5, CLEM, and BWEM cells. Connexin45 was further studied in BWEM cells using specific affinity-purified antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids 285–298 of its sequence. Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that the BWEM cells expressed both connexin43 and connexin45 and that these connexins colocalized. Connexin45 polypeptide, immunoprecipitated from BWEM cells metabolically labeled with [35S]-methionine, consisted of a predominant 48 kD polypeptide. Connexin45 and connexin43 contained radioactive phosphate when immunoprecipitated from BWEM cells metabolically labeled with [32P]-orthophosphoric acid. This phosphate label was removed from connexin45 by alkaline phosphatase digestion. Treatment of BWEM cells with the tumor promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibited intercellular passage of microinjected Lucifer yellow. While TPA treatment induced phosphorylation of connexin43 in these cells, it reduced the expression of connexin45. Furthermore, the connexin45 expressed after TPA treatment was not phosphorylated. These results suggest that treatments which alter protein phosphorylation may regulate connexin43 and connexin45 in BWEM cells by different mechanisms.
Preformulation Studies of Acetazolamide: Effect of pH, Two Buffer Species, Ionic Strength, and Temperature on Its Stability

Using an HPLC method, the effect of pH, two buffer species (phosphate and citrate), ionic strength, and temperature on the stability of acetozolamide has been studied. The optimum pH of stability appears to be 4. The buffers and ionic strength did not affect the decomposition constant. There was a direct relationship between the activation energies and pH values, with an energy of activation (Ea) value of 16.61 kcal/mol at pH 4. The un-ionized acetazolamide is subject to specific acid-base catalysis. The KH and KOH values have been estimated to be 0.23 and 1.56 d−1, respectively. These preformulation studies can be used to develop a stable oral liquid dosage form of acetazolamide.
SIGCHI: Magic Mirror - Embodied Interactions for the Quantified Self

Over the past few years, there has been a tremendous advancement in fitness tracking systems such as pedometers and heart rate monitors; and collecting and interacting with personal health or wellness data, is a growing research topic within the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) community. While fitness tracking systems have advanced into on-body sensing modalities, the process of data reporting and intervention is still largely done through mobile and web applications, using traditional methods of data visualization such as graphs and charts. This has resulted in a disconnect between data and its context. This work-in-progress, "Magic Mirror", explores how to retrieve and visualize health data using the body as a reference frame.
Pressure-induced densification in GeO2 glass: A transmission x-ray microscopy study

Nanoscale transmission x-ray microscopy measurements have been performed to determine the effect of pressure (P) on the volume (V) change in GeO2 glass up to 38.5 GPa. The P-V data show a continuous increase upon compression, indicating that the density-driven structural transformation is a gradual process. Over the pressure range studied, a transition is observed at approximately 10–13 GPa, where the material displays distinct compression behaviors. The pressure-induced densification that involves the coordination number change has been discussed. Using this newly developed high-pressure imaging technique with tens of nanometer resolution, we have provided a direct and unequivocal way for measuring density of amorphous materials to much higher pressures with accuracy rivaling x-ray diffraction of crystalline solids.
Trace Detection Of Small Molecules By Pulsed-Ultraviolet (UV) Laser Raman Spectroscopy

A 100-mJ/pulse, 10-Hz KrF laser was used to reduce vibrational Raman detection limits to the low parts-per-million level for a number of molecules of interest in pollution monitoring, combustion diagnostics, chemical vapor deposition, and reactive plasma etching. No inter-ferences from stimulated Raman scattering or multiphoton photodissociation were observed for the molecules investigated. Limitations to the use of spontaneous Raman scattering, such as poor discrimination against fluorescence, are greatly minimized because of the combination of large signal levels and relatively narrow wavelength band containing the Raman-shifted lines. Even though present results are limited by the 1.2 nm bandwidth of the KrF laser, it was possible to detect the 2 to 4 parts-per-million CH4 present in room air with a signal-to-noise of ~20.
General electromagnetic scattering analysis by TLM method

The symmetrical condensed node TLM method is applied to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from objects illuminated by a plane wave at off axis angles of incidence. A mesh division algorithm is described for implementing the plane wave source. Good agreement with measured data is demonstrated.
Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine administration in rhesus monkeys

The effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a serotonin receptor agonist, on the release of plasma prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol in the rhesus monkey were studied. mCPP was administered intravenously at doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg. GH and cortisol were increased significantly at all doses while PRL was significantly increased only following administration of 3.0 mg/kg mCPP. mCPP administration also produced behavioral alterations in each monkey, including sedation, penile erection, and defecation. PRL, GH and behavioral responses to mCPP were completely blocked by pretreatment with the serotonin antagonist metergoline (MTG). However, pretreatment treatment with MTG failed to entirely anagonize the cortisol response to mCPP. These data suggest that mCPP has prominent neuroendocrine and behavioral effects which are mediated, in part, by serotonergic mechanisms.
Relationships between landforms, geomorphic processes, and plant communities on a watershed in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

The close correlation of plant communities to landforms and geomorphic surfaces resulted from differences in the redistribution of water and organic matter between landform in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Biotic processes are limited by water and nitrogen, and the interactions between landforms, geomorphic processes, soils, and plant communities control the redistribution of these limiting resources within internally drained catchments. Geomorphic processes are regulated by the geologic structure and gross topographic relief of internally drained catchments over geological time scales. Land forming processes can be viewed as static at time scales of 10's to 100's of years, with individual landforms regulating geomorphic processes, namely erosion and deposition resulting from the horizontal redistribution of water within the catchment. The vegetation composition is a critical feedback, reinforcing the erosional or depositional geomorphic processes that dominate each landform. The Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research site may be one of the simplest cases in which to decipher the relationship between landforms, geomorphic processes and plant communities. However, these geomorphic processes are common to all internally drained catchments throughout the Basin and Range Province, and result in the development of characteristic landforms and associated vegetation communities. Although the patterns may be modified by differences in parent material, watershed size, and land use history — erosional, depositional, and transportational landforms can still be identified. The sharpness of ecotones between plant communities on individual landforms is related to the degree to which landforms are linked through the flow of water and sediment. Sharp ecotones occurred at the transition from depositional to erosional landforms where little material was transferred and steep environmental gradients are maintained. Gradual ecotones occurred at the transition from erosional to depositional landforms where large quantities of material were transferred leading to the development of a gradual environmental gradient. The relationships between geomorphic processes and vegetation communities that we describe have important implications for understanding the desertification of grasslands throughout semi-arid regions of North America. Disturbances such as grazing and climate change alter the composition of plant communities, thereby affecting the feedbacks to geomorphic processes, eventually changing drainage patterns and the spatial patterns of plant communities supported within the landscape.
Un-Queering Horror: Hellbent and the Policing of the “Gay Slasher”

Paul Etheredge-Ouzts's 2004 film Hellbent identifies itself as the first “all gay slasher film” and has, subsequently, been identified as a queer film. While many scholars consider the horror genre to have decidedly queer potential, this essay argues that, despite being a “gay film,” Hellbent refuses the oppositional and political implications of queerness. Reading both the film text itself and a number of promotional “extra-texts,” this essay identifies a strategy of rhetorical ambivalence that simultaneously asserts and disavows queer practices and pleasures.
A search for chromospheric emission in A-type stars using the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph

We have used the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to search for chromospheric emission in the ultraviolet C II 1335 A lines of eight A-type stars. The B-V colors of these stars range from 0.12 to 0.22. We have detected emission in the spectrum of the A7 V star Altair, but in no other star. We present tentative evidence that the emission from Altair is blueshifted by approximately 60 km per sec or more with respect to the photospheric spectrum of this star. We interpret this as expansion and suggest that the base of the A star winds that we have proposed in earlier work may lie within the chromosphere. Together with International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra, our observations indicate that in ordinary main-sequence stars the onset of convection zones capable of supporting detectable chromospheres occurs in the close vicinity of B-V = 0.22.
Desalination of agricultural drainage return water. Part II: Analysis of the performance of a 13,000 GDP RO unit

Abstract The daily performance of a 49 ms3/d RO unit is reported in terms of the water and TDS transport parameters A and B, respectively. The rejections of the ions Na+, SO2-4, Cl− and NO−3, and alkalinity, boron and selenium are also reported for the begining and end of the testing period. The single stage RO unit consisted of six spiral-wound membrane elements (Model 4040-MSY- CAB3 manupactured by Hydranautics) placed in series.
Inverse-photoemission study of the Pd(001) surface.

Empty surface states of both crystal-derived and image-potential-derived types have been found on Pd(001) using k-resolved inverse photoemission. At \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, we observed a surface resonance at 1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above the Fermi level ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and an image-potential state at 4.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ (-0.9 eV relative to the vacuum level). A surface resonance was found at X\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, very close to the ${\mathrm{L}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band edge at 1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{F}}$. We observed two surface states in the bulk band gap at the M\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} point for this metal surface. One is located near the bottom of the gap at 0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and the other is below the top of the gap at 2.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{F}}$.
Continued enlargement of the initial failure site in the reactor pressure vessel

Abstract Molten core material is considerably hotter than the melting point of the RPV steel; consequently, corium discharge could be accompanied by rapid ablation of the hole initially formed in the RPV by tube ejection or creep rupture. In rupture scenarios, the formation of a hole creates a localized stress concentration that might cause the initial failure to propagate to a much larger size. These processes not only accelerate corium discharge, but the resulting hole size has a direct influence on RCS blowdown, debris fragmentation, dispersal of debris from the cavity, and subsequent containment phenomena. The final hole size plays a central role in the quantification of the coherence ratio, which defines the coherency of melt dispersal and RCS blowdown in the two-cell equilibrium (TCE) model. This paper develops a model for the final hole size after ablation. The applicability of the model to both experiment and reactor analyses is addressed. The ablation model is validated against existing experiment data, but extrapolation outside the database is required for NPP applications. Sensitivity studies are performed over the extremes of the controlling parameters. Simple analysis suggests that RCS depressurization effectively eliminates any possibility of continued enlargement of a rupture once it is formed.