cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ablation using irrigated radiofrequency: a hands-on guide.

t t e p e e ntroduction he advent of irrigated radiofrequency (RF) catheters has ed to the common misconception that irrigation somehow akes ablation both safer and more effective. In fact, this is ot true. Irrigation (or any other means of cooling the atheter tip) results in the ability to deliver greater energy nd as such can lead to steam pops, collateral damage, and hrombus formation. It is important to recognize that irrigaion allows greater energy delivery; it does not mandate it. he operator must determine the appropriate power settings, rrigant flow rates, and lesion duration for each ablation site. his requires balancing the competing demands of efficacy transmural tissue destruction) against those of safety avoidance of catheter or tissue overheating and/or collatral tissue heating). Current technological limitations reuire that these decisions be based on incomplete informaion about the tissue effects of ablation. We will review the iophysics of RF ablation and the role of irrigation to rovide a context for making rational decisions about the se of irrigated RF catheters.
ATP does not regulate the reconstituted glucose transporter

ATP has been reported to affect glucose transport in human erythrocytes and resealed erythrocyte ghosts [Jacquez, J. A. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 727, 367-378; Jensen, M. R., & Brahm, J. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 900, 282-290]. In more detailed studies, effects of micromolar levels of ATP on transport in ghosts and inside-out vesicles, and on the fluorescence of ghosts and the purified glucose transporter [Carruthers, A. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3592-3602; Hebert, D. N., & Carruthers, A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10093-10099; Carruthers, A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11028-11037], have been interpreted as supporting a model in which ATP regulates the catalytic properties of the transporter. Both allosteric and covalent effects of ATP were proposed; among the allosteric effects was a 60% reduction in the Km for zero-trans uptake. In order to test whether allosteric ATP regulation of the transporter occurs, we reconstituted glucose transport activity into liposomes using erythrocyte membranes without detergent treatment. The effects of ATP, present either outside, inside, or both inside and outside the liposomes, on the transport activity were examined. Effects of ATP on trypsin-treated liposomes, which have only a single orientation of active transporters, were also tested. While the model predicts activation by ATP, only inhibition was observed. This was significant only at millimolar concentrations of ATP, in contrast to the previously reported effects at micromolar levels, and was primarily on the extracellular surface of the transporter. In addition, the ATP effects on reconstituted transport were nonspecific, with similar effects produced by tripolyphosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cooling, stopping, and trapping atoms.

While it has long been possible to trap charged particles, until now no one has conclusively demonstrated the use of non-material walls to confine neutral atoms [1,2]. All of the traps that have been proposed suffer from the same difficulty: they require atoms with extremely low kinetic energy in order to work [3]. Practical atom traps are necessarily very shallow because the electromagnetic forces which can be applied to neutral atoms are generally quite small, since they arise from dipole or higher order moments. The successful trapping described here occurs because we have developed the means (via laser manipulation of an atomic beam) of producing atoms cold enough (typically less than 1 K) to be contained in a trap. We have demonstrated magnetic trapping and we believe our technique can load any type of neutral atom trap, including the various laser traps proposed [3].
Contextual family therapy and older people : building trust in the intergeneration family

As the proportion of older people in the population increases, therapists are increasingly faced with the complex task of helping the elderly and their families deal with unresolved family issues and conflicts. A small research project which used the contextual family therapy approach of Boszormenyi-Nagy is briefly described and illustrated with two cases of families experiencing significant intergenerational stress. Widely divergent results emerged in each case.
ANNA: Towards a language for annotating Ada programs

ANNA is a proposal to extend Ada to include facilities for formally specifying the intended behaviour of Ada programs (or portions thereof) at all stages of program development. ANNA programs are Ada programs with formal comments. Formal comments in ANNA consist of virtual Ada text and annotations. The syntax and semantics of different kinds of annotations are defined: declarative annotations (for variables, subtypes, subprograms, and packages), statement annotations, exception annotations, and visibility annotations. ANNA includes a small number of predefined attributes which may appear only in annotations, e.g., access type collections.The lexical structure of ANNA is designed so that the extensions of Ada appear as Ada comments. ANNA programs are therefore acceptable by Ada translators. The semantics of annotations are defined in terms of Ada concepts, in particular many annotations are generalization of the constraint concept. It is therefore a simple step for the Ada programmer to use ANNA to give formal specifications of programs.ANNA is intended to provide a formal framework within which different theories of formal specification may be applied to Ada. Our proposal omits tasking for the time being.
Simultaneous determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid with high-performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection

Abstract An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) for the simultaneous determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of humans and nonhuman primates is described. Quantitation is based on the use of an internal standard, 5-fluoro-HVA. Sample preparation consists of mixing an aliquot of CSF with a solution of the internal standard followed by ultrafiltration. The precision of the method is high, with within-run and between-run coefficients of variation of 2–6% and less than 10%, respectively, in the concentration ranges of the metabolites encountered in human lumbar CSF. Accuracy was tested by comparing the present HPLC method with specific gas chromatographicmass spectrometric (GS-MS) assays for MHPG and HVA and a GC-MS-validated HPLC assay for 5-HIAA: the correlations obtained were 0.968 for MHPG, 0.989 for 5-HIAA, and 0.999 for HVA, with no systematic bias between the methods. The use of ascorbate as a preserving agent for monoamine metabolites in CSF was not found to be necessary when proper care was exercised in sample handling and storage. The analysis of samples with up to 2% ascorbic acid was possible as well, but MHPG had to be assayed separately using an extraction procedure and an alternative internal standard, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol.
Large area full-field optical coherence tomography

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a fundamentally new type of optical imaging technology. OCT performs high resolution, cross-sectional tomographic imaging of the internal structure in materials and biological systems. The biomedical applications of the OCT imaging systems have been developed for diagnostics of ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry and cardiology. Most of existing OCT systems use point-scanning based technology, however, the 3-axis scanning makes the system slow and cumbersome. A few OCT systems working directly on 2D full-field images were reported, however, they are designed to work in a relatively small area, around couple of hundred microns square. In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a full-field OCT imaging system for acquiring tomography and with a working area around 15mm by 15 mm. The problems rising from full-field OCT are addressed and analyzed. The algorithms to extract the tomography are proposed. Two applications of multilayer information retrieval and 3D object imaging using full-field OCT are described.
Mesospheric Na Wind/Temperature Lidar

Meteoric ablation in the upper atmosphere is the source of a dense layer of atomic Na between 80-105 km with maximum densities averaging 4×103 cm-3. The Na layer is a sensitivetracer of the wind, thermal, and density structure of this region and can be probed with exceptionalaccuracy and resolution using resonance fluorescence lidar techniques. Modern narrowbandtunable lasers are now being used in Na lidar systems to measure routinely winds andtemperatures with accuracies approaching ±1 m/s and ±1 K. We describe the Na Wind/Temperature lidar technique and present examples of observations made during the recent ALOHA-93 Campaign in Hawaii.
Controlled swine bile duct ablation with a bipolar radiofrequency catheter.

Background Radiofrequency (RF) power is capable of ablation of neoplastic tissue arising from Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic catheter bipolar RF ablation is a new technique for ablation of neoplastic tissue in the bile duct. Objective To determine the effect of RF power on bile duct and solid organ histology. Design Nonsurvival animal study. Setting Academic center. Patients This study involved 4 Yorkshire farm swine. Intervention After we made a midline laparotomy incision, a bipolar RF catheter was placed with 3 power (5, 7, 10 W) and voltage settings (66, 132, 190 V) in the bile duct and solid organs (liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas). Gross and histologic examinations were performed. Main Outcome Measurements Depth of ablation in the bile duct wall, characteristics of the ablation in the solid organs. Results An endoscopic bipolar RF catheter produced incomplete (bile duct), patchy ablation (pancreas) with 5 watts, intramural (bile duct) or confluent ablation with 7 watts, and transmural (bile duct) ablation at 10 W. The depth of ablation in the bile duct was 0.9 ± 0.3, 1.5 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.6 mm at 5, 7, and 10 W, respectively (analysis of variance; P = .02). Histologic ablation was not achieved in the liver, although gross changes were seen. Limitations Animal study, normal bile duct. Conclusion RF energy applied to the bile duct or solid organs resulted in controlled ablation with a linear relationship between the depth of ablation in the bile duct and RF power.
A review of critical experimental facts in electrical relaxation and ionic diffusion in ionically conducting glasses and melts

Rapid progress has been made in the last decade in the area of the fundamental mechanisms of electrical relaxation and ionic transport in ionically conducting glasses. Many new experimental findings and computer simulations have become available during this period. These more recent developments should not be viewed as overshadowing the importance of earlier works. Instead, many earlier works, having laid the foundation and paved the way for the recent developments, are of immense importance. The phenomenologies that have been firmly established and the critical experimental facts which have been found will be the subjects of this review. One purpose of this work is to promote interest and debate among workers in this field. Hopefully, this will lead to some consensus among workers in the field on a list of critical experimental facts. For theories proposed in the future, these critical experimental facts can be employed collectively as an acid test of whether the theory is viable.
Photographic observations of Theta-1 Orionis

Photographic observations of the eclipsing binary Theta-1 Ori A suggest a secondary minimum near phase 0.64 of its 65.43233-day period. This minimum may be wavelength dependent. The star Theta-1 Ori E is suspected of being variable.
TRANSFER FROM SERIAL TO CONTINUOUS PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING.

Thirty-six Ss learned a serial list of words and were then tested on a paired-associate task .involving short-term reten­ tion of once-presented pairs. When critical pairs on the transfer task had been derived from forward adjacent members of the serial list, performance s.ignificantly exceeded that for pairs which had not appeared on the serial list or which had been nonadjacent on the serial list. The sequential hypothesis of serial verbal learning has been questioned recently by studies showing no positive transfer between serial and paired-associate lists when pairs in the latter had served as adjacent elements of the former (see review of Jensen & Rohwer, 1965). The failure to obtain such transfer would not logically exclude the validity of the sequential hypothe­ sis, however, if there should be reason to suspect rate of paired-associate list learning as a sensitive transfer ta'sk. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a modified paired-associate task would reveal transfer from prior sequential associ­ ations. The transfer task used here was devised by Peterson, Saltzman, Hillner, & Land (1962) for studying short­ term retention of paired-associates and may be desig­ nated Continuous Paired-Associate (CPA) learning. In the CPA task, Sis exposed to a continuous, interlock­ ing sequence of presentations and tests of verbal pairs. A given pair is presented only once and then tested once, later in the sequence, by exposure of the stimulus term alone; retention intervals are defined by the number of events (presentations of new pairs or tests) intervening between learning and recall of the pair in question. Since repetition is known to raise the short-term forgetting function (Hellyer, 1962) it was reasoned that if sequential associations are formed in serial learning, facilitation would be apparent in derived CPA items. Method The serial and CPA tasks were related according to one of three transfer conditions (12 Ss in each group). The Adjacent (Adj) group received as critical pairs in CPA learning items which had been in adjacent positions (fOrward direction) of the serial list; the Non Adjacent (N Adj) group received pairs which had been members of the serial list, but separated by at least eight other items; and the Control (C) groups received no words in common on the two tasks; These three conditions combined with four retention intervals on the CPA task (within-Ss) yielded a mixed factorial design with 12 treatment combinations. All Ss received exactly the
The effects of the time interval from antenatal corticosteroid exposure to delivery on neonatal outcome of very low birth weight infants

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether the interval between antenatal steroid exposure and delivery influences neonatal outcome in very low birth weight infants. Study design A retrospective review was performed of all live-born singleton infants who weighed between 500 and 1500 g and who were exposed to a partial course (1 dose) or a complete course (2 12-mg doses of betamethasone given 24 hours apart) of antenatal corticosteroids. Infants were divided into 4 groups, depending on the interval between the first dose of antenatal corticosteroids and delivery ( 7 days). Logistic regression was used to control for differences between the 4 groups. Results Three hundred twenty-five singleton deliveries were reviewed. Gestational age at delivery and birth weight were similar for all 4 groups. The babies in the last group were treated with antenatal corticosteroids at a slightly earlier gestational age. There was no statistical difference between the groups with respect to respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and deaths. Conclusion In infants who weighed 500 to 1500 g, the time interval between exposure to antenatal corticosteroids and delivery does not appear to affect neonatal outcome. Further studies should evaluate the effects of antenatal corticosteroids and the effects of the interval from exposure to delivery in very low birth weight infants.
PBS process optimization for bow-wake phenomena

We have performed a design experiments to optimize our PBS Process related to bow_wake problem with critical Poly,Metal layers. In pattern dependent geometry as like dog_bone pattern or along feature edge of large clear window (swelling), it happened bow_wake(call:dog bone) phenomena of feature distorted in PBS resist processing. We have investigated the effects of independent factors as like resist thickness, high dose, developer concentration, process factors(bias, exhaust, humidity, flow), post overlapping step optimization, media dispense method through binary or uniary(flat fan spray) nozzle(Developer system A, B, C,). Finally, We have concluded that the bow_wake problems were related to the developer media dispense way by chemical dispense method (uniary, binary), media supply differences(pump, air pressured) and process optimization.
Persistent in vitro interaction of virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus with bovine cells.

Bovine macrophage and non-macrophage cultures were infected with either virulent or attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV). Macrophages were resistant to virulent CDV; however, they supported growth of the attenuated virus. Nonmacrophage cultures supported growth of both virus variants in a persistent, non-lytic manner. Major differences between these two systems ofin vitro viral persistence were seen in the host cell spectrum of progeny virus and the outcome of cocultivation experiments with Vero cells. Results obtained indicate thatin vivo virulence of CDV is not linked to maturation in a macrophage, but rather, propagation in a given cell culture system results in selective growth of virulent or attenuated viral mutants. It is further concluded thatin vivo virulence andin vitro growth potential of CDV are disparate properties of the virion.
Recent Progress in Photocatalysis Mediated by Colloidal II-VI Nanocrystals

The use of photoexcited electrons and holes in semiconductor nanocrystals as reduction and oxidation reagents is an intriguing way of harvesting photon energy to drive chemical reactions. This review focuses on recent research efforts to understand and control the photocatalytic processes mediated by colloidal II-VI nanocrystalline materials, such as cadmium and zinc chalcogenides. First, we highlight how nanocrystal properties govern the rates and efficiencies of charge-transfer processes relevant to photocatalysis. We then describe the use of nanocrystal catalyst heterostructures for fuel-forming reactions, most commonly H2 generation. Finally, we review the use of nanocrystal photocatalysis as a synthetic tool for metal–semiconductor nano-heterostructures.
Expression of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase by renal epithelial cells occurs on a cell‐by‐cell basis and is inhibited by the chronic TPA treatment

Abstract Upon attaining a confluent density, populations of the renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1, express progressively many properties characteristic of the renal proximal tubule cell, including gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Expression of transpeptidase activity was inhibited reversibly by chronic treatment with the phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA). TPA treatment inhibited expression of transpeptidase activity regardless of whether added prior to or following appearance of the activity. Increased transpeptidase activity in postconfluent cell populations was due to an increased enzyme Vmax with no change in substrate Km. TPA-treated cell populations. exhibited a low Vmax similar to subconfluent populations. Detection of transpeptidase activity at the individual cell level by enzyme histochemistry demonstrated that near-confluent cell populations possesed few transpeptidase activity–positive cells. Progressive expression of transpeptidase activity in the cell population was due to an increasing proportion of cells in the population possessing transpeptidase activity. There was a parallel increase in the proportion of cells expressing transpeptidase protien, detected by immunofluorescence. TPA treatment inhibited apperance of both transpeptidase activity and transpeptidase protein in virtually all cells of the population. These results demonstrate that expression of transpeptidase activity in populations of LLC-PK1 cells occurs on a cell-by-cell basis and reflects expression of transpeptidase protein. Chronic treatment with TPA inhibits reversibly expression of transpeptidase activity and protein, suggesting a role for protein kinase C in regulating expression of this proximal tubule–specific property. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of amino acid precursors on catecholamine synthesis in the brain

Abstract 1. 1. We studied L-DOPA, DOPS and tyrosine as precursors of CAs using GC/CI/MS techniques to measure the effects of these amino acids in rats on the production of metabolites in brain and urine. 2. 2. L-DOPA caused a significant increase in levels of brain NE metabolites which was not blocked by the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, Ro4-4602. 3. 3. DOPS increased brain levels of both NE and DA metabolites but the increases in NE (but not DA) metabolites were blocked by Ro4-4602. 4. 4. Tyrosine had no significant effect on CA metabolites in brain, but metabolites of tyramine and octopamine were increased 2- to 3-fold. 5. 5. We conclude that interpretation of results obtained with these precursor amino acids may be complicated by their lack of specificity or by conversion to amines in the brain capillaries.
Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 in epithelial ovarian cancer: A favorable prognostic factor related to the actions of CSF-1

In ovarian cancer cells, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) induces the release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), and high levels of PAI-2 as well as of CSF-1 in ovarian cancer ascites are independently correlated with poor outcome. We now study the effect of CSF-1 on PAI-2 expression in vitro and the significance of cellular PAI-2 expression in vivo. Immunohistochemical detection of PAI-2 was studied in primary and metastatic tissues from 130 epithelial ovarian cancer cases. Kaplan–Meier curves of survival were compared with the results of log-rank test. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The effect of CSF-1 on PAI-2 expression in ovarian cancer cells was also examined in vitro. Fifty-eight percent of the primary tumors and 68% of the metastases expressed PAI-2. PAI-2 expression in the metastases of invasive stages III and IV cases was strongly predictive of a prolonged disease-free and overall survival. This finding was associated with low residual disease and was also an independent factor for disease-free survival. In vitro, CSF-1 treatment of ovarian cancer cells resulted in a decrease in cellular staining for PAI-2 while increasing the release of PAI-2 into the conditioned medium. In vivo, we also found an inverse correlation between expression of CSF-1 and that of PAI-2 in the primary tumors. We thus describe the favorable independent prognosis of cellular PAI-2 expression in the metastases of ovarian cancer. Moreover, an inverse correlation was observed between CSF-1 and PAI-2 expression in vivo. This lends support for a primary role of cell-surface (vs. secreted)-mediated events of plasminogen activation in the development of invasive, poor prognostic phenotypes. Int. J. Cancer 74:571–575, 1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Performance improvements of a polarization-rotating resonator fiber optic gyroscope

A novel error compensation technique capable of significantly improving the gyroscope performance by reducing the polarization related bias errors of a polarization-rotating (PR) resonator is presented. It is shown that the PR-resonator has residual errors which depend on the polarization-dependent losses and coupling ratios of the resonator output coupler and on the polarization crosstalk within the ring. A bias error reduction by a factor of 50 or more is achieved by employing the technique which involves periodical switching of the resonance tracking operation between adjacent resonators.
Laparoscopic thermal ablation of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases.

Abstract Background. Neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver are generally slow growing, but patients suffer from hormone hypersecretion despite aggressive multimodality therapy. A minimally invasive method of tumor ablation affords symptomatic improvement with minimal morbidity. Methods. Radiofrequency electrical energy is delivered to tissues via a 4-prong catheter resulting in tissue heating to 60 to 70 ° C and cell death. Porcine studies were conducted to define appropriate parameters for energy delivery and then applied to patients using laparoscopic techniques. Results. In the porcine model, 3.5 to 4 cm lesions were reproducibly created in 15 minutes using 30 to 50 W of power. The ablation process was monitored via temperature feedback from thermocouples in the catheter tips and by a hyperechoic blush noted on ultrasonography. Laparoscopic thermal ablation of 13 tumors in six patients with carcinoid (two patients), gastrinoma, insulinoma, nonsecreting islet cell cancer, or medullary thyroid cancer was performed. There were no intraoperative complications, and all patients were discharged the next day. Successful ablation was confirmed by spiral-computed tomography and by symptomatic improvement in patients with secreting tumors. Conclusions. Laparoscopic thermal ablation of hepatic tumors is a novel, minimally invasive method of providing effective cytoreduction of neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver.
An assessment of the 2008 telecommunications restructuring in China

The restructuring in the Chinese telecom sector in 2008 has prompted heated discussion among telecom analysts and experts. Past research tends to take an optimistic view that China has embarked on a liberalizing route, resulting in utopian projections that domestic competition and foreign liberalizing forces would lead to the emergence of a telecom market operated primarily under the principles of free market economics in the near term. This paper, instead, argues that current telecom restructuring was largely driven by domestic agendas. Drawing from the bargaining perspective, this paper finds that, while it is true that market mechanisms play a significant role in the telecom industry, the impact of competition and privatization on the telecom market ultimately depends on the political endowments of Chinese society.
Demonstrating the scalability of a molecular dynamics application on a Petaflop computer

The IBM Blue Gene project has endeavored into the development of a cellular architecture computer with millions of concurrent threads of execution. One of the major challenges of this project is demonstrating that applications can successfully exploit this massive amount of parallelism. Starting from the sequential version of a well known molecular dynamics code, we developed a new application that exploits the multiple levels of parallelism in the Blue Gene cellular architecture. We perform both analytical and simulation studies of the behavior of this application when executed on a very large number of threads. As a result, we demonstrate that this class of applications can execute efficiently on a large cellular machine.
White Mothers, Brown Children: Ethnic Identification of Maori‐European Children in New Zealand

Studies of multiethnic families often assume the ethnic identification of children with the minority group results from the minority parent. This study examines an alternate view that mainstream parents also play an important role in transmitting minority ethnicity. It explores this argument using data from New Zealand on the ethnic labels mothers assign to their Maori-European children. It finds that European mothers are just as disposed as Maori mothers to designate their child as Maori, either exclusively or in combination. Two explanations, grounded in ethnic awareness and gendered inheritance, are proposed. Although neither satisfactorily predicts maternal designation decisions, the readiness of European mothers to identify their child as Maori underscores their role in diffusing Maori ethnicity.
Characterization of autoantigenic sites on isolated dog heart mitochondria.

1. Anti-heart mitochondria autoantibodies were developed in serum from dogs following experimental myocardial infarction. 2. Heart mitochondria frozen and thawed repeatedly in a sucrose/Tris-chloride buffer retained both their functional integrity as measured by the respiratory control ratio and their ability to serve as an antigen in a complement fixation test. Mitochondria frozen and thawed in a potassium chloride/Tris-chloride buffer lost both their functional integrity and their autoantigenic activity after one freeze-thaw cycle. 3. Extraction of the heart mitochondria with acetone/water mixtures to remove phospholipids from the membrane led to a complete loss of the ability of the mitochondria to react in the complement fixation test but did not affect the ability of the membranes to bind autoantibody in absorption experiments. 4. Treatment of the mitochondrial membranes with increasing concentrations of trypsin caused a loss of up to approximately 50% of the membrane protein with a gradual decrease in the autoantigenic activity of the membrane without impairment of the ability of the membrane to bind autoantibody. 5. Removal of up to 90% of the sialic acid of the mitochondrial membrane with neuraminidase resulted in a considerable increase in the complement-fixing autoantigenic activity of the membrane without changing the apparent ability of the membrane to bind autoantibody in absorption experiments. 6. Exposure of mitochondrial membranes to autoantibody and complement caused an inhibition of both an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme, i.e. cytochrome oxidase (48%) and an outer mitochondrial membrane enzyme, i.e. NADH cytochrome c reductase (rotenone insensitive) (37%).
The prevention of postconvulsive asphyxia in electric shock therapy

1. A simple procedure, hyperventilation just prior to the shock, is suggested as a maneuver to prevent certain asphyxial episodes in the postconvulsive period of electric shock therapy. 2. Previously described methods of combating this complication are reviewed.
Underdamped Josephson junction arrays with an offset voltage: Monte Carlo simulations and mean field theory

Abstract We study the properties of Josephson junction arrays in the presence of an offset voltage between the array and the substrate. We first develop an approximate zero-temperature phase diagram as a function of Josephson coupling, charging energy, and offset voltage, using a simple mean-field approximation. This phase diagram has two types of insulating lobes with different kinds of charge order, and two types of superconducting regions. One of these is a “supersolid” in which long-range phase coherence coexists with a frozen charge density wave. We then present Monte-Carlo simulations to study this “supersolid” phase.
The Ethical Debate of Maternal Choice and Autonomy in Cesarean Delivery

Cesarean delivery as a result of maternal request is increasingly popular, leading to important ethical questions. One of the challenging issues is balancing respect for the autonomy of a pregnant woman with concerns of beneficence and nonmaleficence for her and the fetus. The perceived benefit of cesarean section is protection of the pelvic floor. Increased rates of respiratory morbidity in infants born by cesarean section cannot be ignored. Societal concerns of distribution of resources must be considered in ongoing discussions of this critical issue. This article reviews the current ethical debate of maternal choice and autonomy in elective cesarean delivery.
Electronic Structure of bcc Cr-Ru Alloys in the Region of Coexisting Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity

The self-consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method is applied to determine the changes in the Cr electronic structure due to addition of up to 30% Ru. The results provide an interpretation of the coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in terms of specific pieces of Fermi surface. The strong nesting which occurs for the Cr Fermi surface survives the addition of at least 20% Ru, in agreement with the observed persistence of antiferromagnetism into this region.
CAD-based path planning for 3-D line laser scanning

The problem of path planning for 3-D line laser scanning is addressed in this article. The path under study is for a line, as opposed to a point in conventional CNC and CMM toolpath planning. While the objective of the latter case is to drive a point along a curve, that of the former case is to drive a line across a surface. To solve this problem, a path planning method is developed. First, a slicing approach is put forward to divide a part CAD model into a number of sections, since the laser scanning line is limited by the scanning width and a single scanning pass cannot cover the whole surface. Second, for each section, a scanning pass is generated to cover the section surface. To ensure a maximum coverage for each section, the surface profile is determined, and the top of the scanning window is set along the upper boundary of the surface profile. Third, combination of scanning all the sections forms a complete scan of a surface. It is shown that with the proposed method a 3-D line laser scanning process can be effectively automated.
Analysis of a Feed Water Distribution Ring for a Water Hammer Load Following a Pipe Break

In a nuclear pressurized water reactor (PWR) the steam is created in steam generators (SG). The water is returned to the SG via the feed water line and is mixed with the warmer water inside the SG by means of a feed water distribution ring. In the feed water line just outside the SG there is a check valve that will close at pipe break upstream the valve. When the valve closes the water flow through the valve halts and a severe pressure pulse will move into the feed water distribution ring. The pressure pulse is much higher than what the feed water distribution ring can resist statically. However, taking FSI and plasticity into account the magnitude of the pressure pulse is reduced significantly. In this paper an analysis of a feed water distribution ring taking FSI into account with acoustic elements is presented. Without FSI the calculated pressure was 3.7 times higher than the allowable static pressure but taking FSI into account it could be shown that the piping system could be qualified for the event. One of the key issues is the valve model that is elaborated in order to model the closing of the valve as accurately as possible.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Search for Superconductivity in α-Cerium

The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ modification of cerium, formed from the normal, room-temperature modification under a pressure of 10 000 atm, has been cooled to 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and tested for superconductivity. The nature of the state of the $4f$ electron in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cerium is discussed in relation to the absence of superconductivity.
Full-Scale Field Load Testing of Storm-Water Storage Chamber Structures

One of the latest solutions available for storm-water storage purposes is the underground chamber structure. Recently, a research team at Ohio University conducted a series of field load tests on the underground chambers. Four chamber structures were placed side by side in an excavated area, backfilled with coarse granular soil, buried under a soil cover of 0.46 m (18 in.), instrumented with sensors, and subjected to a series of controlled live load tests at a field project site. The sensor readings and visual inspection results indicate that the chamber with the specified minimum soil cover had no problem in supporting a wheel load of 52.3 kN (11.8 kips) and an axle load of 109.0 kN (24.5 kips) in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Maximum reduction in the rise dimension was only approximately 2.3% when the chambers were subjected to the live loads. The vertical soil pressure readings measured at the chamber crowns were within 15% of the values given by a live load spreading formula include...
Evaluation of Barley Silage Harvested at Boot and Soft Dough Stages

Abstract Barley ( Hordeum vulgare , L.) harvested at boot (May 7, 1988) and soft dough (June 6, 1988) stages of maturity was ensiled for nutritive comparisons. Boot stage was wilted, and soft dough was direct-cut at 15 (low) and 25cm (high) above ground Yields were 3690, 8750, and 6287kg DM/ha for boot, soft dough-low, and soft dough-high, respectively. Apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, and ADF were 74.7, 75.4, and 70.8% for boot; 61.9, 50.5, and 44.7% for soft dough-low; and 62.3, 47.2, and 49.7% for soft dough-high, respectively, when fed to heifers. The TDN was 71.2, 62.0, and 62.8% of DM for boot, soft dough-low, and soft dough-high, respectively. Thirty-six lactating Holstein cows were fed silages to supply 75 or 60% of diet DM for 60 d. Milk yields were greater for high-vs. low concentrate diets and averaged 28.3 vs. 25.7 kg/d for boot, 26.3 vs. 24.8 kg/d for soft dough-low, and 26.9 vs. 25.7 kg/d for soft dough-high, respectively. No differences among diets were significant for DM intake or 4% FCM. Even through apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, and ADF were greater for boot stage silage, milk production was not significantly affected by stage of maturity at harvest under summer conditions.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of a Prefrontal Squall Line. Part II: Propagation of the Squall Line as an Internal Gravity Wave

Abstract A numerical study of the squall line that occurred on 17–18 June 1978 was described in Part I of this paper. The squall line was collocated with a surface front during its initial development (at 0000 UTC 18 June 1978), but then propagated faster than the front, resulting in a separation of approximately 200 km by 0300 UTC and 300–400 km by 0600 UTC. In this paper (Part II), the movement of the squall line in the model is shown to be due to the propagation of a deep tropospheric internal gravity wave in a wave–CISK-like (Conditional Instability of the Second Kind) process. The thermal and dynamic perturbations associated with the hypothesized wave are shown to be consistent with internal gravity wave theory, and the characteristics of the wave are compared to similar results from other wave-CISK studies. The current literature favors the mechanism of gust front convergence to explain squall-line propagation, although there are other modeling studies that show specific instances of squall-line pro...
A method for the determination of vanadium and iron oxidation states in naturally occurring oxides and silicates.

A valence-specific analytical method for determining V3+ in ore minerals has been developed that involves two steps: dissolution of a mineral sample without disturbing the V3+/Vtot ratio, followed by determination of V3+ in the presence of V4+. The samples are dissolved in a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids at 100° in Teflon-lined reaction vessels. Tervalent vanadium is then determined colorimetrically by formation of a V3+-thiocyanate complex in aqueous-acetone medium. Fe3+ is measured semi-quantitatively in the same solution. The method has been tested with two naturally occurring samples containing vanadium and iron. The results obtained were supported by those obtained by other methods, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Mossbauer spectroscopy.
Unconscious violinists and the use of analogies in moral argument

Analogies are the stuff out of which normative moral philosophy is made. Certainly one of the most famous analogies constructed by a philosopher in order to argue for a specific controversial moral conclusion is the one involving Judith Thomson's unconscious violinist. Reflection upon this analogy is meant to show us that abortion is generally not immoral even if the prenatal have the same moral status as the postnatal. This was and still is a controversial conclusion, and yet the analogy does seem to reveal in a very vivid way what makes abortion a reasonable response to a terrible situation. But Thomson's example has frequently been attacked on all sides for not being truly analogous to abortion. Here I develop a brand new analogy that sheds light on the issue with which Thomson was concerned, while at the same time avoiding most of the more serious objections made to her analogy.
OIL/WATER SEPARATION USING NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

Traditionally, ultrafiltration has been used to separate relatively clean water from oil/water emulsions. This water was once suitable for discharge to all sewer lines, but in general, it was inadequate for reuse. Recent changes in sewer discharge limits have created a need to generate cleaner water. A different type of membrane filtration, nanofiltration, may offer an effective means of recycling water from oil solutions or for generating clean enough water for discharge. Results of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration batch concentration tests indicate that nanofiltration can effectively treat industrial machining coolant. The mass transfer model fit the flux behavior. At lower pressures, nanofiltration flux was slightly lower, mostly due to the higher membrane resistance of the nanofilter. However, at higher operating pressures, the nanofiltration mass transfer coefficient increased while the ultrafiltration transfer coefficient decreased. Except at very high percent recovery levels, lower levels of COD ...
Mating behavior in the tydeid mite Homeopronematus anconai (Acari: Tydeidae)

The mating behavior ofHomeopronematus (Pronematus) anconai (Baker) is described. This is the first report of direct sperm transfer in the family Tydeidae (Acari: Actinedida). Male guarding of pharate females and male agonistic behavior was observed. Successful mating occurred only during the first day of active female life. Specialized male structures, a hook on femur IV and a modified seta on genu IV, were examined by scanning electron microscope. These structures appear to be involved in holding the female during copulation.
Research Training of Students in Minority and International Settings: Lessons Learned from Cancer Epidemiology Education in Special Populations

This article describes the development and evaluation of an NCI-sponsored short-term summer cancer research education program. The study questions examined: the feasibility of conducting a cancer education program in special populations at multiple US and international field sites for masters students; the merit and worth that students and faculty attribute to the program; and students' scholarly and cancer-related career outcomes. Developing a new curriculum, increasing the pool of mentors, utilizing and increasing the number of field sites, and program dissemination were also evaluated. Evidence of the program's success included students' completion of field experiences at multiple sites and their subsequent 70% project-related publication rate, with 79% of trainees reporting themselves as likely to pursue future cancer-related careers. Evaluation-guided future plans for the program include implementing faculty development to further enhance the program outcomes.
Microscopic colitis that is not so microscopic.

Dear Editor: Microscopic colitis (MC) was formerly considered rare but is now gaining recognition as a common cause of chronic nonbloody diarrhea. When other causes of chronic diarrhea such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and infectious colitis have been ruled out, a colonoscopy with multiple biopsies of the colon and rectum is indicated to evaluate for MC. Typically, the diagnosis of MC is made after normal macroscopic colonoscopy findings with biopsies evident for either lymphocytic or collagenous colitis. We present a unique case of a patient with macroscopic features of nodular and erythematous colonic mucosa found to have MC on histopathology.
Critical thickness during two-dimensional and three-dimensional epitaxial growth in semiconductor heterostructures

Abstract The homogeneous nucleation of misfit dislocations in two-dimensional and three-dimensional epitaxial structures on rigid substrates was analyzed. It is shown that nucleation and growth of a dislocation in the epilayer involves an activation energy barrier. We propose that this activation energy barrier can be overcome from the residual coherent strain energy in the film. A critical thickness of the epilayer is defined at which a dislocation is nucleated. The activation energy and the coherent strain energy were determined for several different configurations of 60° glide and 90° climb dislocations. The discrepancies that are associated with different formulations are pointed out. Specific numerical calculations were performed for dislocation nucleation in the GaAs/Si system. The results are given in terms of the various energy contributions responsible for nucleation of misfit dislocations, and the critical thickness of the epilayer is evaluated. The critical thickness of the epilayer under the two-dimensional and three-dimensional growth conditions are compared and the results described in terms of the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation.
Observation of Jψ(3100) Production by 209-GeV Muons

Interactions of 209-GeV muons within a magnetized-steel calorimeter have produced 1000\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}80 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pairs from $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}(3100)$ decay. Redundant systems of proportional and drift chambers maintained uniform acceptance and 9% mass resolution. Above 30 GeV, the cross section for $\ensuremath{\psi}$ production by virtual photons is found to rise less steeply with energy than predicted by a quantum chromodynamics calculation. Its dependence on ${Q}^{2}$ fits the vector-dominance form ${(1+\frac{{Q}^{2}}{{M}^{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ with $M=2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ GeV.
VisiMat-Software for the Visualization of Multicomponent Diffusion in Two and Three Dimensions

VisiMat is a MATLAB code with a graphical user interface (GUI) that is intended to be used for instructional purposes. It is designed to facilitate understanding of the complex multicomponent diffusion phenomena that may occur in couples of three or more components with a special emphasis on the compositions and locations where maxima, minima, or zero-flux behavior may occur. VisiMat is an implementation of the square-root diffusivity method for predicting and visualizing the diffusion behavior of ternary and quaternary, single-phase, multicomponent diffusion couples with constant diffusivity. The program determines concentration profiles, fluxes including zero-flux conditions, and two- or three-dimensional representations of composition space and diffusion path. Although the code will accomodate any number of components, the three-dimensional visualizations are not possible for more than four components.