cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5174: HYAL4: a new player in bladder cancer progression and diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronidase (HAase) family of enzymes degrades hyaluronic acid (HA). In the human genome there are 6 HAase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21.3 (HYAL-1, -2, -3) and 7q31.3 (HYAL-4, PH20, HYALP1). While PH20 and HYAL-2 are testicular and lysosomal HAases, HYAL1 is a tumor-derived HAase. HYAL1 promotes tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis and is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for bladder cancer (BCa). The expression of other HAases has not been investigated in either normal cells or tumor cells and tissues. In this study we examined the expression of all 6 HAases in bladder tissues, cells and urine. METHODS: Using time RT-PCR, we examined the mRNA levels of 6 HAase genes in BCa cell lines, 59 bladder tissues (normal (NBL) = 22; tumor (TBL) = 37) and 160 urine specimens (BCa = 52; normal = 18; history of BCa = 30; benign conditions = 59). The levels were normalized to β-actin. HYAL1 and HYAL4 were localized in bladder tissues by immunohistochemistry using anti-HYAL1 and anti-HYAL4 antibodies, respectively. The staining was graded for intensity (0 – 3) and area of staining. HYAL4 function was analyzed by siRNA transfection of HT1376 and HT5637 cell lines. RESULTS: HYAL1, HYAL4 and HYALP1 mRNA levels were significantly (6-13-fold) elevated in TBL tissues (12.5 ± 2.7; 29.7 ± 21.9; 26.7 ± 21.9) when compared to NBL tissues (1.2 ± 0.6; 2.2 ± 2.4; 4.2 ± 6.6; P 0.05). cDNA cloning revealed that HYALP1 is a pseudo gene that encodes a non-functional truncated protein. HYAL1 and HYAL4 staining was significantly elevated in TBL tissues (188 ± 57; 232 ± 91) when compared to NBL tissues (68.5 ± 21.3; 93 ± 46; P Conclusion: This is the first study showing that, like HYAL1, HYAL4 is a tumor derived HAase that is exclusively expressed in BCa cells. HYAL4 may be a potentially accurate marker for BCa diagnosis and may promote BCa growth and progression. Support: Grant NCI/NIH R01 CA-72821-09; Bankhead Coley Cancer Research Program Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and CURED Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5174
Japanese B encephalitis virus in tissue culture.

SummaryTwo strains of Japanese B encephalitis virus have been serially propagated in tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (both plasma-clot explants and trypsinized cells), monkey kidney epithelium. HeLa cells, and Detroit-6 cells. Cytopathogenicity, which was consistent and reproducible, was observed only with the Detroit-6 cells. Maximal virus growth and release was observed 2 days before CPE became pronounced. This effect was readily neutralized by JBE immune serum. A similar CPE has been observed in Detroit-6 cells infected with the Egypt 101 strain of West Nile virus.
Low-cost techniques for stress analysis of solid-rocket cases

In hydrotesting large solid-rocket casings, several hundred strain measurements at various locations and pressure levels are needed to adequately determine stress conditions. It is also required that the most efficient techniques of gage installation, recording and analyzing data are used in order to keep testing costs to a minimum.
Frankena on Environmental Ethics

tinguishes eight types of ethical theories which could generate moral rules and/or judgments concerning how rational agents should act with regard to the natural environment. The eight types are differentiated by their conceptions of moral subjects or patients. Each has its own view of the class of entities with respect to which moral agents can have duties and responsibilities. The eight types may be briefly delineated as follows:
A Prekindergarten Curriculum Supplement for Enhancing Mainstream American English Knowledge in Nonmainstream American English Speakers

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a curriculum supplement designed to enhance awareness of Mainstream American English (MAE) in African American English- (AAE-) speaking prekindergarten children. Method Children in 2 Head Start classrooms participated in the study. The experimental classroom received the Talking and Learning for Kindergarten program (Edwards, Rosin, Gross, & Chen, 2013), which used contrastive analysis to highlight morphological, phonological, and pragmatic differences between MAE and AAE. The control classroom received the Kindness Curriculum (Flook, Goldberg, Pinger, & Davidson, 2014), which was designed to promote mindfulness and emotional self-regulation. The amount of instruction was the same across the 2 programs. Both classrooms participated in pre- and posttest assessments. Results Children in the experimental classroom, but not the control classroom, showed significant improvement in 3 norm-referenced measures of phonological awareness and in an ex...
Computed tomography of rheumatologic disorders.

Diseases of the spine and peripheral joints can be diagnosed noninvasively by this revolutionary imaging modality. CT has retrospectively demonstrated superiority over myelography and other imaging...
Listening to the calls of the wild: The role of experience in linking language and cognition in young infants

Well before they understand their first words, infants have begun to link language and cognition. This link is initially broad: At 3months, listening to both human and nonhuman primate vocalizations supports infants' object categorization, a building block of cognition. But by 6months, the link has narrowed: Only human vocalizations support categorization. What mechanisms underlie this rapid tuning process? Here, we document the crucial role of infants' experience as infants tune this link to cognition. Merely exposing infants to nonhuman primate vocalizations permits them to preserve, rather than sever, the link between these signals and categorization. Exposing infants to backward speech-a signal that fails to support categorization in the first year of life-does not have this advantage. This new evidence illuminates the central role of early experience as infants specify which signals, from an initially broad set, they will continue to link to core cognitive capacities.
Thermal transport in Si and Ge nanostructures in the ‘confinement’ regime

Reducing semiconductor materials to sizes comparable to the characteristic lengths of phonons, such as the mean-free-path (MFP) and wavelength, has unveiled new physical phenomena and engineering capabilities for thermal energy management and conversion systems. These developments have been enabled by the increasing sophistication of chemical synthesis, microfabrication, and atomistic simulation techniques to understand the underlying mechanisms of phonon transport. Modifying thermal properties by scaling physical size is particularly effective for materials which have large phonon MFPs, such as crystalline Si and Ge. Through nanostructuring, materials that are traditionally good thermal conductors can become good candidates for applications requiring thermal insulation such as thermoelectrics. Precise understanding of nanoscale thermal transport in Si and Ge, the leading materials of the modern semiconductor industry, is increasingly important due to more stringent thermal conditions imposed by ever-increasing complexity and miniaturization of devices. Therefore this Minireview focuses on the recent theoretical and experimental developments related to reduced length effects on thermal transport of Si and Ge with varying size from hundreds to sub-10 nm ranges. Three thermal transport regimes – bulk-like, Casimir, and confinement – are emphasized to describe different governing mechanisms at corresponding length scales.
Cleavage and Conflict in Modern Type Societies

There are two things I would like to do in this paper. The first is to develop in very brief outline a theoretical paradigm of the principal axes of potential cleavage and conflict in modem-type social systems, meaning to apply it to the society as a whole. The second will be to attempt to apply this to what I see to be the situation in the Republic of South Africa as of something close to the present time.
Raiders, Regulators, and the Risk-Shifting Value of Corporate Payout

This paper uses a novel, quasi-natural experiment to revisit an important corporate finance topic: do investors prefer corporate payout over equivalent capital gains? I study abnormal stock returns around regulatory enforcement actions that restrict bank payout. Market reactions appear significantly worse for cash-distributing banks than for near-identical, non-distributing enforcement action recipients. After addressing alternative explanations, I interpret this as causal evidence that shareholders in my sample value payout. Further, inside ownership negatively explains abnormal returns – but only for cash-distributing banks. This result contradicts agency cost and signaling theories of payout in favor of a risk-shifting story reemerging in recent literature.
Kindness in the blood: A randomized controlled trial of the gene regulatory impact of prosocial behavior.

Abstract Context Prosocial behavior is linked to longevity, but few studies have experimentally manipulated prosocial behavior to identify the causal mechanisms underlying this association. One possible mediating pathway involves changes in gene expression that may subsequently influence disease development or resistance. Design, setting, participants In the current study, we examined changes in a leukocyte gene expression profile known as the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) in 159 adults who were randomly assigned for 4 weeks to engage in prosocial behavior directed towards specific others, prosocial behavior directed towards the world in general, self-focused kindness, or a neutral control task. Results Those randomized to prosocial behavior towards specific others demonstrated improvements (i.e., reductions) in leukocyte expression of CTRA indicator genes. No significant changes in CTRA gene expression were observed in the other 3 conditions. Conclusion These findings suggest that prosocial behavior can causally impact leukocyte gene expression profiles in ways that might potentially help explain the previously observed health advantages associated with social ties.
Nomogram for prediction of prognosis in patients treated for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

5562 Background: TNM staging is an effective tool for prognostic prediction in patients with oral cavity cancer, but it disregards variables such as the anatomic subsite, medical comorbidity, lifes...
Abstract 3046: Identification of lncRNAs involved in regulation of androgen receptor splice variants in prostate cancer through CRISPR-Cas9-based screen

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men in the USA. Despite the high initial response rates to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), these tumors ultimately develop the resistance, i.e., castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). One of the contributing factors is constitutive expression of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants such as AR3, a major splice variant identified in clinical specimens. However, little is known about long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on regulation of AR splicing. In this study, we generate CRISPR/Cas9-based libraries against a focus group of lncRNAs and an AR3 mini-gene reporter to identify lncRNAs involved in regulation of AR splicing. The principles of this screening system is that only sgRNAs capable of promoting AR3 expression will be enriched in SAM (Synergistic Activation Mediator) library, whereas these clones are lost from the knockout gRNA library after selection. This screen identifies several candidate lncRNA sgRNAs and dual gRNAs (targeting Lnc-DC/ Har1B/ LINC00568/ DHRS4-AS1/ SNHG5). Further characterization confirms the regulation of their corresponding endogenous genes and AR3 expression. Importantly, overexpression of Lnc-DC increases AR3 level and enhances tumor cell growth in response to androgen deprivation. Moreover, while ectopic expression of DHRS4-AS1 increases, DHRS4-AS1 knockout suppresses AR3. Finally, rescue experiments restore the ability of DHRS4-AS1 to induce AR3, further supporting a role for Lnc-DC and DHRS4-AS1 in AR3 regulation. Together, we demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9-based screening system provides a powerful tool for lncRNA research. As a result, these lncRNAs may serve as biomarkers to predict the response to ADT or therapeutic targets for treatment of CRPC. Citation Format: Tsui-Ting Ho, Pratirodh Koirala, Nanjiang Zhou, Yin-Yuan Mo. Identification of lncRNAs involved in regulation of androgen receptor splice variants in prostate cancer through CRISPR-Cas9-based screen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3046. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3046
One-year language outcomes in toddlers with language delays: An rct follow-up

OBJECTIVES: The current study is a 1-year follow-up analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) for toddlers with language delays. Outcomes and predictors of child language and parent intervention implementation were examined 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention. METHODS: Toddlers with language delays were recruited from the community, and 97 toddlers and parents were randomly assigned to receive usual community treatments or a 3-month EMT intervention with parent training. Multiple regression analyses were used to estimate the differences between groups at the 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. A subgroup of participants with receptive and expressive language delays was used in a post hoc moderator analysis of treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Children in the treatment arm did not differ from children in the control arm at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. However, post hoc analyses revealed that children with receptive-expressive language delays were persistently delayed relative to normative performance throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The immediate effects of the brief delivery of EMT were not sustained over the 1-year follow-up period. However, the short-term intervention may not have been sufficient for children with receptive-expressive delays to develop typical language abilities, suggesting they may need more intensive early intervention. Although this intervention may not be necessary for all children with primary language delays, future research should determine the extent to which children with receptive-expressive delays may benefit from more intensive intervention.
Robust covariance control

This paper extands first the covariance assignment theory for continuous time systems to the assignment of a covariance upper bound in the presence of structured perturbations. A systematic way is given to construct an assignable covariance upper bound for the purpose of robust design.
Quantitative atomic-scale structure characterization of ordered mesoporous carbon materials by solid state NMR

Abstract Solid-state (SS)NMR techniques were applied to characterize the atomic-scale structures of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) materials prepared using Pluronic F127 as template with resorcinol and formaldehyde as polymerizing precursors. A rigorous quantitative analysis was developed using a combination of 13C SSNMR spectra acquired with direct polarization and cross polarization on natural abundant and selectively 13C-enriched series of samples pyrolyzed at various temperatures. These experiments identified and counted the key functional groups present in the OMCs at various stages of preparation and thermal treatment. The chemical evolution of molecular networks, the average sizes of aromatic clusters and the extended molecular structures of OMCs were then inferred by coupling this information with the elemental analysis results.
Abstract 15075: An Immunologic Mechanism and Treatment for Type 1 Diabetic Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), a classic autoimmune disease, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis with CD40 being a major contributor to both diseases. We described a unique CD4+ T cell population initially in T1D that expresses CD40; over time we termed those cells Th40. Th40 cells are significantly expanded in peripheral blood of T1D patients, as well as being necessary and sufficient to cause T1D in mice. In multiple cell types of human coronary atherosclerotic lesions, CD40 or its ligand CD154 are expressed and blocking CD40/CD154 interaction confers a favorable fibrous cap phenotype, abrogates atherosclerosis, and limits neointimal formation and restenosis. Successful human trials at targeting the ligand CD154 in other diseases, were hampered by embolic events due to normal CD154 action in thrombus stabilization. Results: We have found that Th40 cells are similarly expanded in ApoE deficient mice, a mouse model for atherosclerosis. These cells are found within plaque in large numbers. They not only overexpress interferon gamma (INFγ) but, in turn, INFγ feeds back upon the Th40 cell, causing proliferation. When INFγ is blocked, expansion of Th40 cells cease. We developed a novel small therapeutic peptide (KGYY15) that targets the CD40 molecule directly and Th40 cells specifically. Results of this novel method of direct targeting show a reduction of Th40 cells within target organs, reduction of overall plaque formation (p Conclusions: While hyperglycemia is studied world-wide as one factor increasing risk of atherosclerosis in diabetes, we have found an autoimmune mechanism which can, at minimum, augment the risk in T1D, if not be a primary reason for the aggressive atherosclerosis. These findings are ongoing evidence of the importance of inflammatory pathways in atheroma formation and most importantly, demonstrate a novel, effective method of treatment.
Control of Photorespiration in Soybean and Maize

The relative rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean are determined by the kinetic properties of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase. Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete for RuDP at the carboxylase. High CO2 and low O2 favor carboxylation of RuDP to 3-phosphoglycerate, thereby promoting photosynthesis. Low CO2 and high O2 concentrations favor oxygenation of RuDP to P-glycolate, thereby promoting photorespiration. In maize, the phosphopyruvate carboxylase - malic enzyme couple acts to increase the CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath cells, site of RuDP carboxylase in C4 species. Maize RuDP carboxylase is also sensitive to O2, so this increased CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath stimulates photosynthesis and reduces photorespiration. Since photorespiration and an associated oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis markedly inhibit net photosynthesis in soybean under standard atmospheric conditions of 300 ppm CO2 and 21% O2, and since no required role for photorespiration has been demonstrated, attempts are being made to reduce or eliminate photorespiration in the soybean and other C3 crop species.
Detection and Viability Assessment of Endospore-Forming Pathogens

In this chapter, we explore technology developments for the rapid detection, identification, and viability assessment of endospore-forming pathogens with a focus on Bacillus anthracis. First, we introduce various toxin-producing species and their role as bioinsecticides, probiotics, and bioweapons. We also review the role of endospores as biological indicators (i.e., dosimeters) for evaluating sterilization regimens, such as autoclaving and wastewater remediation. Monitoring the effectiveness of cleaning and sterilization regimens to maintain good hygiene is required in several major industries, including health care, food, and pharmaceutical industries. In the next section, we review recent developments in DNA-, immuno-, and dipicolinic acid assays, and their applications for detection and monitoring of Bacillus anthracis and other endospore-forming pathogens. Finally, we review viability assays capable of rapid validation of endospore inactivation after sterilization, including assays based on ATP synthesis during stage II germination, and DPA release during stage I germination.
In Vitro Generation of Heart Field-specific Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Pluripotent stem cells offer great potential for understanding heart development and disease and for regenerative medicine. While recent advances in developmental cardiology have led to generating cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells, it is unclear if the two cardiac fields - the first and second heart fields (FHF and SHF) — are induced in pluripotent stem cells systems. To address this, we generated a protocol for in vitro specification and isolation of heart field-specific cardiac progenitor cells. We used embryonic stem cells lines carrying Hcn4-GFP and Tbx1-Cre; Rosa-RFP reporters of the FHF and the SHF, respectively, and live cell immunostaining of the cell membrane protein Cxcr4, a SHF marker. With this approach, we generated progenitor cells which recapitulate the functional properties and transcriptome of their in vivo counterparts. Our protocol can be utilized to study early specification and segregation of the two heart fields and to generate chamber-specific cardiac cells for heart disease modelling. Since this is an in vitro organoid system, it may not provide precise anatomical information. However, this system overcomes the poor accessibility of gastrulation-stage embryos and can be upscaled for high-throughput screens.
Parental presence during pediatric emergency procedures: finding answers in an Asian context.

Objective The practice of allowing parental presence during invasive procedures in children varies depending on setting and individual provider preference. We aim to understand the attitudes, preferences, and practices of physicians and nurses with regard to parental presence during invasive pediatric emergency procedures in an Asian cultural context. Methods We surveyed physicians and nurses in the pediatric emergency department of a large tertiary hospital using separate self-administered questionnaires over three months. The data collected included the demographics and clinical experience of interview respondents. Each provider was asked about their attitude and preference regarding parental presence during specific invasive procedures. Results We surveyed 90 physicians and 107 nurses. Most physicians in our context preferred to perform pediatric emergency procedures without parental presence (82, 91.1%). Forty physicians (44.4%) reported that parental presence slowed down procedures, while 75 (83.3%) felt it increased provider stress. Most physicians made the decision to allow parents into the procedure room based on parental attitude (69, 76.7%) and the child's level of cooperation (64, 71.1%). Most nurses concurred that parental presence would add to provider stress during procedures (69, 64.5%). We did not find a significant relationship between provider experience (P=0.26) or age (P=0.50) and preference for parental presence. Conclusion In our cultural context, most physicians and nurses prefer to perform procedures for children in the absence of parents. We propose that this can be changed by health professional training with role play and simulation, adequate supervision by experienced physicians, and clear communication with parents.
Chlamydia Lipooligosaccharide Has Varied Direct and Indirect Roles in Evading both Innate and Adaptive Host Immune Responses

Chlamydia bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens which can cause a variety of disease in humans and other vertebrate animals. To successfully complete its life cycle, Chlamydia must evade both intracellular innate immune responses and adaptive cytotoxic T cell responses. Here, we report on the role of the chlamydial lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in evading the immune response. Chlamydia infection is known to block the induction of apoptosis. However, when LOS synthesis was inhibited during Chlamydia trachomatis infection, HeLa cells regained susceptibility to apoptosis induction following staurosporine treatment. Additionally, the delivery of purified LOS to the cytosol of cells increased the levels of the antiapoptotic protein survivin. An increase in survivin levels was also detected following C. trachomatis infection, which was reversed by blocking LOS synthesis. Interestingly, while intracellular delivery of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli was toxic to cells, LOS from C. trachomatis did not induce any appreciable cell death, suggesting that it does not activate pyroptosis. Chlamydial LOS was also a poor stimulator of maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells compared to E. coli LPS. Previous work from our group indicated that LOS synthesis during infection was necessary to alter host cell antigen presentation. However, direct delivery of LOS to cells in the absence of infection did not alter antigenic peptide presentation. Taken together, these data suggest that chlamydial LOS, which is remarkably conserved across the genus Chlamydia, may act both directly and indirectly to allow the pathogen to evade the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host.
Faculty Emotional Intelligence Matters for Resident Education

Objective This study aimed to determine the emotional intelligence (EI) of surgical faculty and evaluate its relationship with resident evaluations of faculty behaviors. Design This study retrospectively collected faculty EI scores as well as general surgery resident evaluations of faculty. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Setting The study was conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern in the Department of Surgery in Dallas, Texas. This is an academic, tertiary care center. Participants Surgical faculty members at a single institution in 2018 completed the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal, a 28-item, electronic assessment with possible scores ranging from zero to 100. Aggregate, anonymous resident evaluations of faculty members were collected from the program director's office. Faculty with fewer than 8 resident evaluations were excluded. Results In total, 59 faculty members participated (89%). The sample was mostly white (69.2%), male (63.5%), with an average of 47 ± 10 years of age, 12.2 ± 10 years in practice, and 44 ± 24 evaluations per faculty member. The group's mean EI score was 76 ± 7.7. Faculty EI scores were found to have a moderate, positive correlation with resident rotational evaluations of faculty (r(51) = 0.52, p Conclusions The results of this study suggest that a majority of our faculty are competent with regard to EI. Furthermore, faculty EI is an important factor in the clinical learning environment and correlates with resident rotational evaluations of teaching behaviors.
An Alternative Perspective on Social Opportunity Identification and New Social Venture Ideation

One fundamental concept at the heart of entrepreneurship research is that of the opportunity, or in the case of social entrepreneurship, the social opportunity. Although attempts at defining the pr...
An Unusual Case of Neonatal High-Output Heart Failure: Infantile Hepatic Hemangioma.

Abstract Background Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) is a rare but life-threatening disorder that must be considered in the newborn presenting with high-output heart failure (HF). IHH is a tumor comprised of large vascular beds, which require a significant increase in blood flow as the lesion grows. This, in turn, creates an undue burden on the cardiovascular system, leading to high-output HF and potentially, respiratory distress. Recent changes have been made in the classification of certain hepatic hemangiomas and their treatments. Case Report A 10-day-old girl presented to the Emergency Department with increased respiratory effort and an episode of apnea and cyanosis. A chest x-ray study was obtained and showed cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema concerning for HF. The patient was promptly admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, where advanced imaging was obtained revealing findings consistent with IHH. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? HF in an infant is a critical condition often requiring prompt intervention and rapid diagnosis of the correct etiology to save a life. IHH is an example of an extrathoracic etiology of pediatric HF that has undergone recent changes in terminology and diagnosis. Increased awareness among emergency physicians of this disease process and its treatments can lead to expeditious diagnosis and treatment of this potentially life-threatening illness.
Advanced Deep Learning Network with Harris Corner based Background Motion Modeling for Motion Tracking of Targets in Ultrasound Images

We have proposed a novel background motion estimation method to improve the tracking of targets in advanced Siamese networks. One issue with ST is that it does not adapt to video-specific cues. The main problem, however, is that no motion of the object is assumed, and the last position is used as the center of the search region for the next frame. We propose to accurately model the motion of the object of interest by accounting for the background motion present in the frame. A novel method for estimating the background motion based on the Harris corner detector is proposed due to its robust feature-point selection. We further adopted a more recent version of ST, Correlation Filter Network (CFNet) which uses an adaptive Correlation Filter Layer (CFL) to efficiently learn the cues present in the video. The results obtained on the Carotid Artery (CA) dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other similar tracking approaches.
Does a Generalized Fitness-Nutrition Market Exist?

This study investigated the possible existence of an indentifiable market consisting of persons with a general health orientation. The conceptualization suggested such a market could be identified by its combined interest in both exercise and nutrition. This unified market would comprise those persons who seek to promote their general health in the broad sense. The findings confirmed the existence of this unified market and distinguished specific linkages between the benefits people seek and the behaviors they undertake to gain them.
Vinylmetallics as ligands

Abstract Complexes of the type, [(acac)Rh(ViSiR 3 ) 2 ] and [(acac)Rh(Vi 2 SiR 2 )], are readily prepared by displacement of ethylene from [(acac)Rh(C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]. The compounds, which are less reactive to air than similar carbon analogues, have been characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR. The 13 C NMR results suggest that the vinylsilane ligands function as better π-acceptors than do similar carbon analogues, and that d π p π interactions between the silicon atom and the double bond are decreased upon coordination of the vinylsilane.
Diagnostic stifle joint arthroscopy using a needle arthroscope in standing horses.

Objective To assess use of an 18 g arthroscope for diagnostic stifle joint examination in the standing horse. Study Design Phase 1 used cadaver limbs and simultaneous ultrasonographic assessment. Phase 2 used 6 normal horses where stifles were assessed in both a standing and flexed position. Phase 3 used horses with suspected stifle injury or disease. Animals Normal horses (n = 6) to assess ability to perform diagnostic procedure (phase 2) and 3 clinical cases (phase 3). Methods Five cadaver limbs were used in phase 1 to assess all stifle joints. Phase 2 used standing sedated and locally anesthetized horses. Routine arthroscopic approaches were used in both weight bearing and flexed nonweight bearing positions. In both phase 1 and 2 simultaneous ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examinations were used to confirm extent of diagnostic examination. The methods developed in phase 2 were used to examine the stifle in 3 horses with suspected stifle disease. Results In cadaveric limbs and horses, all intra articular structures that constitute a complete arthroscopic examination were identified; no intra -or postoperative morbidity occurred. In phase 3, the needle arthroscope was used in accurate identification of pathologic change and in 1 horse, an osteochondral fragment not detected by ultrasonography and radiography was identified. Conclusions This preliminary work indicates that an 18 g arthroscope can be used for diagnostic examination of the equine stifle in standing horses.
The verification and validation of software architecture for systems of systems

In this paper we discuss the verification and validation of software architecture for system of systems. Software architecture plays a vital role in the systematic construction of large systems of systems; it defines the design space and provides a road map leading to the successful construction of system of systems that meet the functional and non-functional requirements. Moreover, a good architecture must allow the system of systems to evolve to meet new requirements due to change in mission. This paper introduces a mathematical model to tie the non-functional requirements of software systems to their architecture, and presents an approach to evaluate the quality of software architecture in light of meeting the requirements.
Effects of cultural intensity and planting density on stand-level aboveground biomass production and allocation for 12-year-old loblolly pine plantations in the Upper Coastal Plain and Piedmont of the southeastern United States

To strengthen financial returns and sustainably manage pine plantations for a mixture of traditional merchantable forest products and biomass for energy, we may need to modify and optimize loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation man- agement regimes. There is limited information on stand-level biomass production and partitioning, which is critical to evalu- ate alternative culture regimes including cultural intensity and planting density. In the present study, effects of cultural intensity and planting density on biomass accumulation and partitioning in loblolly pine plantations at age 12 were eval- uated with destructive biomass sampling data from plots of a unique culture/density study. More intensive culture increased stand-level stem, bark, and branch biomass and aboveground biomass but did not affect foliage biomass. In general, culture intensity did not affect stand-level aboveground biomass partitioning. Planting density significantly affected stand-level aboveground biomass accumulation and partitioning; however, this effect was no longer significant among densities above 2224 trees·ha -1 . More intensive culture or lower planting density resulted in less foliage per unit of live-branch biomass. Partitioning to stems relative to branches increased with increasing planting density. Both cultural intensity and planting density had no significant effects on leaf area index and stand-level specific gravity. Planting density significantly affected the foliage density. There were no significant interactions of planting density and cultural intensity.
Use of climate indices to predict corn yields in southeast USA

The impact of large-scale oceanic and atmospheric climate patterns on county corn yields in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia were evaluated for the period 1970–2005. Associations between detrended corn yield residuals, precipitation, surface temperature, and climate indices were explored by correlation analysis. Significant correlations were found with indices of the Pacific–North American pattern, tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and two indices of the Bermuda high. The summer index of the Bermuda high (BHI) was the only index to be significantly correlated with yield residuals during the critical summer tasselling period; a time when corn is most susceptible to water stress. Due to the high degree of multi-collinearity found between the five indices, leave-n-out cross-validated principal component regression was conducted using all possible combinations of indices to predict corn yield residuals. Three indices produced models with the greatest skill using both lagged (known prior to planting) and concurrent indices (cross-validated Pearson's r: 0.679) and using lagged indices only (cross-validated Pearson's r: 0.569). Using the cross-validated models 99.2 and 96.9% of predicted county yields showed predictive skill (based on tercile hit scores) using both concurrent and lagged indices, and lagged-only indices, respectively. The cross-validated model using lagged-only indices indicated the results that can be achieved using known climate index values as early as the winter before the spring planting. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Towards rapid computational screening of metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture: Calculation of framework charges via charge equilibration

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks are promising materials for the capture of carbon dioxide. Finding the best metal-organic frameworks from the vast number of possibilities could be greatly accelerated by efficient computational screening techniques. We have previously reported an effective screening protocol for predicting carbon dioxide adsorption performance in metal-organic frameworks that uses grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of gas adsorption. In the model, molecules interact via van der Waals and electrostatic interactions with each other and the framework. However, the method requires single-point quantum mechanics calculations for the estimation of atomic partial charges. In this study we investigate the feasibility of a modified protocol that bypasses the computationally expensive quantum mechanics calculations by applying instead the charge equilibration method. We compare the results of both protocols directly on fourteen metal-organic frameworks and conclude that the new protocol is sufficiently accurate for screening purposes and is significantly faster.
Evolving strategies for the management of non-palpable breast abnormalities

Increased public and professional awareness has resulted in more women obtaining mammograms. As a result, the surgeon is often called on to diagnose and treat occult breast lesions. The development of new diagnostic modalities has changed the way such breast lesions are approached. Management decisions are made in the context of new pressures applied by the growing managed care imperative and increased mediocolegal exposure. In this review, we establish guidelines for the management of non-palpable breast abnormalities that place the welfare of the patient first.
The Crystal structure and coordination geometry of potassium-catena-μ-oxalato-bis-oxalato aquo lanthanate(III) dihydrates, K3[Ln(Ox)3(OH2)]·2H2O, (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb)

Abstract The crystal structures of the title compounds with Ln = Nd and Gd were determined at room temperature by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The compounds are triclinic with space group P 1 and Z = 2. The Ln3+ cations are nonacoordinate in a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic environment formed by 4 oxalates and a water molecule. The oxalates coordinate to Ln3+ via 5-membered rings; two of these 4 oxalate ligands serve as bridging ligands to coordinate to neighboring Ln3+ leading to an infinite chain of [Ox(LnOx2·H2O]n⋯units. Compounds with Ln = Sm, Eu, and Tb are isomorphous with this structure as determined by their cell dimensions.
A Theoretical and Observational Study of the Radiative Properties of Cirrus: Results from FIRE 1986.

Abstract A two-stream radiative transfer model is used to examine the radiative properties of cirrus clouds and compare simulations with the observations made during the cirrus FIRE IFO. The sensitivity of cirrus cloud radiative properties to altitude and size distribution changes are examined. The net radiative effect of cirrus in the infrared is largely determined by the amount of ice in the cloud and the surface—cloud base temperature difference (and thus altitude). Increases (decreases) of this temperature difference produce a net radiative heating (cooling). Cloud-top solar heating increases (decreases) with increasing (decreasing) altitude as the optical path of the atmosphere above the cloud layer decreases (increases). The impact of varying concentrations of ice particles less than 100 μm in diameter is also examined. The addition of these particles greatly enhances the longwave absorption and shortwave albedo of cirrus clouds in a manner that is spectrally dependent. Model simulations using obser...
Use of Fourier transform infrared spectra of crude bacterial lipopolysaccharides and chemometrics for differentiation of Salmonella enterica serotypes.

Aims: To evaluate Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics for differentiating intact cells and crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracts from Salmonella serotypes. Methods and Results: Intact cells and crude LPS extracts from six different Salmonella enterica serotypes (Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Thomasville, Brandenburg, Hadar and Seftenberg) were used. The crude Salmonella LPS extracts were visualized using deoxycholic acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DOC-PAGE) and appeared heterogeneous on the gel with two exceptions: S. Enteritidis and S. Brandenburg, and S. Thomasville and S. Seftenberg. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of spectra of crude LPS extracts provided 100% correct classification. CVA of spectra of intact cells was not useful for classifying the Salmonella serotypes, having only 47 and 50% correct classifications in the 1200–900 and 4000–700 cm−1 regions respectively. These data were confirmed by greater Mahalanobis distances between crude LPS spectra than intact cell spectra. Conclusions: CVA of FTIR spectra of crude LPS extracts from Salmonella serotypes provided a 100% correct serotype classification. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that the FTIR analytical procedure provides chemical detail as well as a better separation of Salmonella serotypes using spectra of crude LPS extracts than analysis using DOC-PAGE.
Mathematical Alignment of Wavelength-Shifted Optical Spectra for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

A multivariate method for aligning Raman spectra that suffer from spectral shifts resultant from diode laser mode-hopping is presented. This alignment method permits accurate alignment without necessitating a consistent reference peak while avoiding the uncertainties of estimating the maxima of broad or noisy peaks. This method differs from multivariate standardization methods in that the training set needs to be measured only once. The spectra are not compared to the spectra of a separate instrument. It is shown that the alignment enhances the performance of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative applications. This evidence is supported by Monte Carlo simulations, quantitation of a mixture of aromatics by Raman spectroscopy, and imaging of a polymer surface by a Raman microscope.
Emerging Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Opportunities for Radiologists

Emerging molecular therapies offer an exciting new challenge to interventional radiologists, who are expected to play an essential role in the targeted delivery of many of these novel drugand cell-based therapies. Specifically for the treatment of liver tumors, not only are several novel therapies being developed that will require direct intratumoral delivery, but drugs are also being produced to further enhance local delivery by increasing tumor permeability. Some therapies are being developed to inhibit efflux of drugs out of tumors and others to recruit immune cells into or around tumors. In this review, the authors describe the basic science behind these emerging technologies to provide interventional radiologists with a comprehensive background into the types of therapies they will be delivering.
Characterization and catalysis studies of small metal particles on planar model oxide supports

Planar model oxide-supported metal catalysts have been prepared by evaporating metals of catalytic interest onto various oxide thin films supported on refractory metal single crystals, followed by annealing to promote the formation of small metal clusters. The employment of these relatively simple supported catalysts prepared in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) represent a promising method of simulating heterogeneous catalytic processes over high surface area supported catalysts in an experimentally tractable manner. While providing many of the same practical advantages associated with single crystals relative to high surface area supported catalysts, the experiments using planar model catalysts address important issues such as intrinsic particle size effects and metal support interactions that are beyond the scope of single crystal studies. Because these samples are suitable for study using modern UHV based surface analysis techniques, including scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, they can be characterized on the atomic level to a degree unlikely to be achieved for the analogous powder catalysts. Kinetics studies for several reactions performed in parallel over single crystals, planar model supported catalysts and conventional high surface area supported powder catalysts allow the catalytic behavior exhibited for a particular reaction to be correlated with specific structural features. The experiments described here establish the viability of these relatively simple systems as representative model catalysts and demonstrate their utility in elucidating heterogeneous catalytic systems, particularly in the context of combined studies involving single crystals and powder catalysts.
Long-term results of a multimodal intensification regimen for previously untreated advanced resectable squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx.

Background: Long-term disease control of an intensified treatment regimen for previously untreated stage III and IV resectable oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed. Methods: Forty-three patients with previously untreated, advanced stage, resectable squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx were enrolled in a prospective phase II institutional clinical trial at a tertiary care National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. It includes preoperative accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin followed immediately by surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy, and completed with early postoperative weekly paclitaxel, two additional cisplatin cycles, and concurrent once-daily radiotherapy beginning on day 28 after surgery. Results: Forty-three patients enrolled in the study. Protocol compliance was 53%. The range of time at risk was 10.4 to 56.23 months (median, 45 months). The locoregional (93%) and systemic (91%) disease control rates were excellent. Overall long-term survival was 79%. Conclusions: An intensive treatment regimen that improves compliance and long-term disease control is clearly feasible for this patient population.
Construction and replication of an adeno-associated virus expression vector that contains human β-globin cDNA

Abstract With the goal of using adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as the gene-transfer vector for gene therapy of hemoglobinopathies, human β-globin cDNA was ligateddownstream from the P40 promoter of the AAV type-2 (AAV2) genome. To circumvent difficulties of cloning DNA containing palindromic sequences, two of which exist in the termini of AAV genome, a step-wise approach handling one palindrome at a time was devised to construct the chimeric expression vector. Electroporation of the construct into human 293 cells (embryonal kidney cell line) resulted in expression of the cloned human β-globin cDNA, as evidenced by the synthesis of transcripts hybridizable to human β-globin cDNA probe. Addition of the 3′-end region of AAV DNA that contains both the transcription termination signal and origin of DNA replication for AAV to the construct permitted the recombinant AAV genome to be rescued and replicate in the cell.