cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uveal lymphoid infiltration: Report of four cases and clinicopathologic review

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to report the clinicopathologic features of four patients with uveal lymphoid infiltration who were diagnosed by a conjunctival biopsy. Design A case series. Participants Four patients at four institutions participated. Measures The histopathologic findings of the conjunctival and episcleral biopsy specimens from four patients with the diagnosis of uveal lymphoid infiltration were recorded. The conjunctival specimens were placed in 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde solution or B5 solution and processed routinely for light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis for B cells and T cells and kappa and lambda light chains. The clinical and histopathologic findings were compared with 47 previously reported cases of uveal lymphoid infiltration. Results Two men and two women (average age = 57 years) presented with diffuse punctate to coalescent yellow uveal infiltrates and epibulbar pink fleshy lesions. Ultrasonography of the lesions showed diffuse choroidal thickening and a lack of choroidal or scleral excavation. The conjunctival biopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltration of the substantia propria with B lymphocytes with variable kappa and lambda restriction. Scattered T lymphocytes also were present. Plasmacytoid cells and a prominent Grenz zone were present. Conclusions Patients with solitary or multiple yellow uveal infiltrates should have careful conjunctival evaluation for the presence of pink conjunctival lesions. Biopsy specimens of the conjunctival lesion may establish the diagnosis of uveal lymphoid infiltration.
Smart Actuator Positioning and Displacement Transmissibility in Serial and Parallel Robot Manipulators for Performance Enhancement

A method is presented for the evaluation of the transmissibility of displacement from smart (active) actuators integrated in the structure of robot manipulators to the manipulator joint and end-effector displacements. The method is based on studying the characteristics of the Jacobian of the mapping function between the two displacements for a given position of the robot manipulator. The developed method provides a tool for the determination of the positioning of smart actuators to provide maximum effectiveness in eliminating high harmonics of the joint or the end-effector motion. In robots with serial and parallel kinematics chains containing nonprismatic joints, due to the associated kinematics nonlinearity, if the joint motions were synthesized with low harmonic trajectories, the end-effector trajectory would still contain high harmonics of the joint motions. Alternatively, if the end-effector motion were synthesized with low harmonic components, due to the inverse kinematics nonlinearity, the actuated joint trajectories would contain a significant high harmonic component. As a result, the operating speed and tracking precision are degraded. By integrating smart materials based actuators in the structure of robot manipulators to provide small amplitude and high frequency motions, the high harmonic component of the actuated joint and/or the end-effector motions can be significantly reduced, thereby making it possible to achieve higher operating speed and tracking precision.
Chemical phase analysis of high-alumina refractory after service in a copper smelting furnace

A method was developed for chemical phase analysis of high-alumina, refractory after service in a copper-smelting furnace together with the determination of the contents of copper aluminates, mullite, corundum, and glassy phase.
A Monte Carlo study of the response of a germanium detector to electrons and positrons

Abstract A Monte Carlo code has been developed which predicts electron and positron response functions of a planar intrinsic germanium (Ge) detector. The operational flow chart for the main program is given and the function of each subroutine is discussed. The characteristics of the response functions are studied by considering effects due to bremsstrahlung, annihilation radiation and the total electron transit distance. It is found that electron spectra are distorted primarily near the full energy peak by bremsstrahlung while positron spectra are seriously distorted by both annihilation radiation and bremsstrahlung. Total transit distances calculated here are found to be in good agreement with those calculated using the Bethe-Bloch formula. The effects of bremsstrahlung, annihilation radiation and total stopping distance, calculated independently in the complete code, are then used to construct an abbreviated version which reduces the computer time by a factor of 16. Sample computations are presented for a 16 mm diameter by 7 mm thick, planar detector. The calculated response functions reproduce experimental spectra accurately; they are also used to analyze positron spectra and obtain endpoint energies.
Photochemical processing of aldrin and dieldrin in frozen aqueous solutions under arctic field conditions.

Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are transported to the Polar Regions, where they have the potential to bioaccumulate, presenting a threat to the health of wildlife and indigenous communities. They deposit onto snowpack during winter, and accumulate until spring, when they experience prolonged solar irradiation until snowmelt occurs. Photochemical degradation rates for aldrin and dieldrin, in frozen aqueous solution made from MilliQ water, 500 μM hydrogen peroxide solution or locally-collected melted snow were measured in a field campaign near Barrow, AK, during spring–summer 2008. Significant photoprocessing of both pesticides occurs; the reactions depend on temperature, depth within the snowpack and whether the predominant phase is ice or liquid water. The effect of species present in natural snowpack is comparable to 500 μM hydrogen peroxide, pointing to the potential significance of snowpack-mediated reactions. Aldrin samples frozen at near 0 °C were more reactive than comparable liquid samples, implying that the microenvironments experienced on frozen ice surfaces are an important consideration.
The reusable launch vehicle technology program

Today's launch systems have major shortcomings that will increase in significance in the future, and thus are principal drivers for seeking major improvements in space transportation. They are too costly; insufficiently reliable, safe, and operable; and increasingly losing market share to international competition. For the United States to continue its leadership in the human exploration and wide ranging utilization of space, the first order of business must be to achieve low cost, reliable transportatin to Earth orbit. NASA's Access to Space Study, in 1993, recommended the development of a fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rocket vehicle as an Agency goal. The goal of the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) technology program is to mature the technologies essential for a next-generation reusable launch system capable of reliably serving National space transportation needs at substantially reduced costs. The primary objectives of the RLV technology program are to (1) mature the technologies required for the next-generation system, (2) demonstrate the capability to achieve low development and operational cost, and rapid launch turnaround times and (3) reduce business and technical risks to encourage significant private investment in the commercial development and operation of the next-generation system. Developing and demonstrating the technologies required for a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) rocket is a focus of the program becuase past studies indicate that it has the best potential for achieving the lowest space access cost while acting as an RLV technology driver (since it also encompasses the technology requirements of reusable rocket vehicles in general).
“THE LONG AND VIOLENT PULL”: SCIENCE FUNDING AND POLICY RESEARCH

Books reviewed in this article. Claude E. Barfield. Science Policy from Ford to Reagan: Continuity and Change. D.B.T. Kallen et al. (Eds.) Social Science Research and Public Policy-Making: A Reappraisal David Meister. Behavioral Research and Government Policy: Civilian and Defense R & D
Online evaluation in radiology residency programs.

Residency program staff have the important obligation to organize regular evaluation of residents by faculty members and of both faculty and rotations by residents. Lack of regular and constructive feedback makes it difficult for residents and faculty members to evaluate their own progress, which may lessen their motivation and lower their subsequent performance (1). Furthermore, evaluations provide the residency program director and the department chair with valuable information for recognizing outstanding faculty members and residents and for identifying potential problems in the program or its participants that may benefit from remediation. Finally, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that all residency programs include such evaluations, and some programs have been cited—and even placed on probation—for failure to do so. Several factors tend to reduce faculty and resident participation in evaluations. The evaluation instruments are frequently complex and time consuming (2), and residents and faculty members may question whether their input will produce constructive change. In addition, some residents and faculty members may be reluctant to submit negative evaluations of others’ performance for fear of retaliatory, negative evaluations of their own performance. Some measurements of resident and faculty performance are quantitative and therefore are considered objective; in-training examination scores, number of publications, and contact hours between faculty members and residents are examples. A comprehensive system of evaluation, however, also includes “subjective” components— dimensions of behavior considered important to overall performance that are listed and qualitatively measured on a rating form. Crucial aspects of a resident’s performance, such as consultative skills, professionalism, and eagerness to learn, are difficult to evaluate by any means other than subjective ones. Such data can come only from the people who directly observe that resident’s work. This article describes the effort made by the staff of a large residency program in diagnostic radiology (at the Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology) to improve the system of resident and faculty evaluation. The methods used and the results achieved are, to some degree, specific to this particular institution. We believe, however, that they also illustrate important lessons that may benefit other institutions, which might adopt or modify these tools as they see fit.
The impact of health care reform on gastroenterology fellows: Are training programs preparing them for the future?

The Impact of Health Care Reform on Gastroenterology Fellows: Are Training Programs Preparing Them for the Future?
Expenses and underwriting strategy in competition

An earlier paper [Taylor (1986)] developed optimum underwriting strategies under the assumption of constant unit expense rates. In the discussion of the paper, it was suggested that such a strategy might be substantially affected if marginal expense rates were property taken into account. The theory for doing so is developed in Section 2, and further in Section 4. It is noted that the optimal strategy is not affected by the introduction of a component of fixed expenses, irrespective of the size of that component (Section 2.2). Sections 3 and 4 set limits on the effect of expenses on optimal underwriting strategy. The sharpness of these limits depends on: 1. the extent of variation in marginal expense rates as demand varies; 2. the price-elasticity of demand. The case in which the marginal expense rate is constant and price-elasticity is directly proportional with price is a particularly simple one. In this case, the optimal premium rates taking expenses into account are precisely equal to the optimal premium rates ignoring expenses, increased by the marginal expense rates. As factors (i) and (ii) depart from this particular case, the behaviour of optimal premium rates with expenses taken properly into account becomes less predictable relative to the optimal rates ignoring expenses. Some numerical examples are examined in Section 6. The empirical results obtained suggest that the general ‘shape’ of the optimal strategy, in terms of the optimal premium rate as a function of time measured between the present and the planning time horizon, is to a large extent unaffected by whether they incorporate proper allowance for (possibly varyong) marginal expenses or approximate these by assumed constant unit expenses. The general level of optimal premiums may, however, be shifted to a material extent by the proper recognition of expenses. It is found that in examples in which the assumption of constant unit expense rates leads to optimal premium rates of substantial negative profitability, the adjustment to reflect marginal expenses properly can cause very significant changes to these low premium rates.
Plant regeneration from immature embryos of peanut.

Plant regeneration from immature embryos of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be accomplished through somatic embryogenesis. The highest frequency of somatic embryo formation occurred on B5 medium plus 0.5–1.0 mg/l picloram. Shoots and plants developed from the somatic embryos only after extended culture on basal medium. Shoots were excised from thick embryonic roots and rerooted on Murashige and Skoog medium containing half the normal concentration of inorganic salts. This technique should be useful for the production of interspecific hybrid plants from immatureArachis embryos.
Adaptive rational spectral methods for the linear stability analysis of nonlinear fourth-order problems

This paper presents the application of adaptive rational spectral methods to the linear stability analysis of nonlinear fourth-order problems. Our model equation is a phase-field model of infiltration, but the proposed discretization can be directly extended to similar equations arising in thin film flows. The sharpness and structure of the wetting front preclude the use of the standard Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method, due to its slow convergence in problems where the solution has steep internal layers. We discuss the effectiveness and conditioning of the proposed discretization, and show that it allows the computation of accurate traveling waves and eigenvalues for small values of the initial water saturation/film precursor, several orders of magnitude smaller than the values considered previously in analogous stability analyses of thin film flows, using just a few hundred grid points.
The effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes

We examined the effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum lipid levels of distance runners. For seven days before each study, subjects consumed a diet containing 15% protein, 32% fat, and 53% carbohydrate. During 14-day experimental periods, a control group (n = 10) continued the same diet while two other groups consumed 69% of their calories as either carbohydrate (n = 13) or fat (n = 14). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased 9% during the high-carbohydrate diet because of a 26% fall in the HDL2 fraction (1.063 to 1.125 g/mL). These changes were not accompanied by changes in the levels of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I or A-II. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol initially decreased but subsequently exceeded pre-diet values while triglyceride concentrations increased 30% to 50%. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) fell 20%. Despite these dietary effects, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations in the athletes remained above values typical of sedentary men. The high-fat diet produced different effects on the serum lipids and lipoprotein levels of the athletes. HDL levels changed little during the study although HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I on the last diet day were both slightly above initial values. The high-fat diet provided 111 g of saturated fat per day but had surprisingly little effect on total and LDL-cholesterol whereas serum triglycerides fell by 10% to 20%. Postheparin LPLA increased 30% with fat feeding and the changes in LPLA correlated with alterations in triglyceride levels (r = -0.53, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Empirical Examination Of The Effects Of Inflation And Hedging On Investments In The U.S. Air Transport Sector Over The Period Since Deregulation

Research in economics and finance has documented a negative relationship between stock returns and inflation rates in most economies. The purpose of this study is to investigate this relationship for a particular specific sector investment, air transportation. A significant negative relationship is shown between the air equity index returns and unexpected inflation. Air equity returns, however, are found not be correlated with expected inflation. The Johansen and Juselius cointegration tests verify a long-run equilibrium between air transport equity index, general price levels, and the real economic activity. The short-run dynamics derived from the error-correction model, however, do not support air transport equity index’s long-run inflation hedging ability. These findings indicate that investing in air transport equity index may not be a reliable hedge against inflation in the long- or short-run. In addition, the findings do not lend support for the Fisherian and Proxy hypotheses.
Technique and the Embodied Actor

A primary theme of twentieth-century theatre has been the actor's body. Numerous directors from Stanislavsky to Anne Bogart have evolved stage theories and related training methods to promote a more expressive body on stage. In her 1995 article ‘Developing a Physical Vocabulary for the Contemporary Actor’, Lea Logic provides an overview of many of these approaches. While acknowledging the contributions of these director-teachers, she suggests, ‘If body shape and movement are to retain and increase their power as the central focus of theatre, actors must learn to maximize the expressive potential of their bodies.’ Quoting Copeau, Chekhov, Stanislavsky or Barba, she maintains the primary problem is an actor's tendency consistently to return to physical choices related to their personality and not necessarily to the role they are playing. She quotes Copeau's description of actors: ‘I always know, in advance what they are going to do. They reduce everything to the level of their habits, their cliches, their affectations. They do not invent anything.’ While Copeau's complaint is not directed at actor teachers, but actors, his words define one of the primary challenges for them, to teach actors to expand their expressive abilities beyond their self image.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-α-mannopyranosides from Glucal Donors

Direct synthetic access to 2-hydroxy-α-mannopyranosides from glucal donors is accomplished via a one-pot stereoselective oxidative glycosylation reaction, employing the reagent combination of dibenzothiophene bis(triflate) and dibenzothiophene-5-oxide.
Transcription factor AP-2γ is a core regulator of tight junction biogenesis and cavity formation during mouse early embryogenesis

The trophectoderm epithelium is the first differentiated cell layer to arise during mammalian development. Blastocyst formation requires the proper expression and localization of tight junction, polarity, ion gradient and H2O channel proteins in the outer cell membranes. However, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms that control their expression are largely unknown. Here, we report that transcription factor AP-2γ (Tcfap2c) is a core regulator of blastocyst formation in mice. Bioinformatics, chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptional analysis revealed that Tcfap2c binds and regulates a diverse group of genes expressed during blastocyst formation. RNA interference experiments demonstrated that Tcfap2c regulates genes important for tight junctions, cell polarity and fluid accumulation. Functional and ultrastructural studies revealed that Tcfap2c is necessary for tight junction assembly and paracellular sealing in trophectoderm epithelium. Aggregation of control eight-cell embryos with Tcfap2c knockdown embryos rescued blastocyst formation via direct contribution to the trophectoderm epithelium. Finally, we found that Tcfap2c promotes cellular proliferation via direct repression of p21 transcription during the morula-to-blastocyst transition. We propose a model in which Tcfap2c acts in a hierarchy to facilitate blastocyst formation through transcriptional regulation of core genes involved in tight junction assembly, fluid accumulation and cellular proliferation.
Direction specific biases in human visual and vestibular heading perception.

Heading direction is determined from visual and vestibular cues. Both sensory modalities have been shown to have better direction discrimination for headings near straight ahead. Previous studies of visual heading estimation have not used the full range of stimuli, and vestibular heading estimation has not previously been reported. The current experiments measure human heading estimation in the horizontal plane to vestibular, visual, and spoken stimuli. The vestibular and visual tasks involved 16 cm of platform or visual motion. The spoken stimulus was a voice command speaking a heading angle. All conditions demonstrated direction dependent biases in perceived headings such that biases increased with headings further from the fore-aft axis. The bias was larger with the visual stimulus when compared with the vestibular stimulus in all 10 subjects. For the visual and vestibular tasks precision was best for headings near fore-aft. The spoken headings had the least bias, and the variation in precision was less dependent on direction. In a separate experiment when headings were limited to ±45°, the biases were much less, demonstrating the range of headings influences perception. There was a strong and highly significant correlation between the bias curves for visual and spoken stimuli in every subject. The correlation between visual-vestibular and vestibular-spoken biases were weaker but remained significant. The observed biases in both visual and vestibular heading perception qualitatively resembled predictions of a recent population vector decoder model (Gu et al., 2010) based on the known distribution of neuronal sensitivities.
Erosional remnants and adjacent unconformities along an eolian-marine boundary of the Page Sandstone and Carmel Formation, Middle Jurassic, south-central Utah

Sandstone ridges along the marine-eolian boundary of the Middle Jurassic Page Sandstone (eolian) with the lower Carmel Formation (restricted marine) in south-central Utah have been identified as erosional remnants consisting of strata of siliciclastic sabkha and eolian origin. The ridges lie within two distinct units of the Thousand Pockets Tongue of the Page. Two equally plausible models explain the genesis of these ridges. One model involves (1) early cementation of eolian and sabkha strata, (2) wind erosion leading to development of yardangs and unconformities, (3) yardang tilting due to evaporite dissolution, and (4) renewed deposition and burial. The alternative model explains ridge development through (1) subsidence, with tilting, of eolian and sabkha strata into evaporites due to loading from linear dunes, (2) evaporite dissolution and unconformity development, and (3) renewed deposition and burial. These models provide important clues about the nature of a missing part of the rock record. Reconstruction of units that were deposited but later eroded improves paleogeographic interpretation and here indicates that the Carmel paleoshoreline was considerably farther to the northwest than previously believed.
Automating test case generation for the new generation mission software system

The significant expansion of autonomous control and information processing capabilities in the coming generation of mission software systems results in a qualitatively larger space of behaviors that needs to be "covered" during testing, not only at the system level but also at subsystem and unit levels. A major challenge in this area is to automatically generate a relatively small set of test cases that, collectively, guarantees a selected degree of coverage of the behavior space. This paper describes an algorithm for a parametric test case generation tool that applies a combinatorial design approach to the selection of candidate test cases. Evaluation of this algorithm on test parameters from the Deep Space One mission reveals a valuable reduction in the number of test cases, when compared to an earlier home-brewed generator.
Legacy in the age of the internet: reflections on how interactive systems shape how we are remembered

The creation of a personal legacy is a process through which information, values, and memories are passed down to future generations. This process is inherently subjective, both as a curated collection of the elements of one's life, and as an evolving form of remembrance that is subject to the interpretations of those to whom it is left. Based on directed storytelling sessions with 14 adults from a large Midwestern city in the USA, we explore users' perceptions of how their use of digital systems and information will impact how their lives are interpreted and reflected upon by their families and by future generations. Our findings describe nuances regarding how shifting notions about technological systems and the long-term accessibility of digital information impact the ways in which we share, and subsequently manage, information online. This work, explored here in the context of legacy, exposes opportunities to help users engage with their digital information through the curation of meaningful records, the dispossession of digital debris, and a reexamination of how digital systems and services influence the accessibility and lifespan of digital information.
A decomposition method for reliability analysis of real-time computing systems

A functional decomposition method for reliability analysis, based on the specific characteristics of real-time systems, is proposed. The system under scrutiny is decomposed into hardware modules and software tasks. The hardware structure and fault occurrence process are captured by a continuous-time, discrete-state Markov model. The software structure and fault/error handling process are described by several discrete-time, discrete-state Markov chains. Eventually, a reduced Markov model, which accounts for system hardware and software structure and fault occurrence and fault/error handling processes, is generated. Closed form solutions are derived for time dependent and steady state probabilities, taking into consideration the weights of permanent and transient fault classes. Failure rates and coverage probabilities are the input parameters of the model. Failure rates are provided by reliability handbooks or circuit life testing. Fault injection is usually used for deriving coverage probabilities. A fault injection simulation algorithm, based on functional decomposition, is described and the achievable simulation time savings are evaluated. The main advantages of the proposed modeling approach are: functional decomposition closely follows the hardware and software structure of the real system. This simplifies both the evaluation of the model input parameters and model validation; closed form solutions overcomes numerical problems, e.g. largeness and stiffness, typically encountered when Markov models are employed for reliability analysis; and considerable savings, in terns of simulation time, are achieved. >
LANGUAGE STRATEGIES FOR BILINGUAL FAMILIES: THE ONE-PARENT–ONE-LANGUAGE APPROACH

LANGUAGE STRATEGIES FOR BILINGUAL FAMILIES: THE ONE-PARENT–ONE-LANGUAGE APPROACH. Suzanne Barron-Hauwaert. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2004. Pp. 248. 29.95 paper.How do families who are trying to raise their children bilingually attempt to do so, and how do they overcome some of the challenges of this decision? This is the main theme of this very readable book, which is written with a variety of audiences in mind. The book is theoretically sound even though it is not primarily addressed to the research community. The author, who has had personal experience raising children bilingually, also documents the experiences of many other families involved in this endeavor, using direct quotes from interviews and small case studies of these families as documentation for the theoretical assertions.
Design and Application of a Light-Weight Persistency Mechanism

LIPS (LInear Persistency Stream), a concise, generic and efficient C++ persistency mechanism is presented. It is used in the CASTLE HW/SW codesign system to partition a single large compiler into multiple small communicating programs. With very few source code changes LIPS easily adds persistency at any class hierarchy level. It supports static members, templates, manual optimization and automatic error diagnosis. A comparison to other approaches shows that programs using LIPS require 70% less code, 7% less runtime and 7% less disk space for the persistent store.
Technical Change, Wage Inequality, and Taxes

This paper considers the normative implications of technical change for tax policy design. A task-to-talent assignment model of the labor market is embedded into an optimal tax problem. Technical change modifies equilibrium wage growth across talents and the substitutability of talents across tasks. The overall optimal policy response is to reduce marginal income taxes on low to middle incomes, while raising those on middle to high incomes. The reform favors those in the middle of the income distribution, reducing their average taxes while lowering transfers to those at the bottom. (JEL D31, H21, H23, H24, J31, O33)
Chronic administration of corticosterone impairs spatial reference memory before spatial working memory in rats.

Corticosterone (CORT), the predominant glucocorticoid in rodents, elevated for 21 days damages hippocampal subregion CA3. We tested the hypothesis that CORT would impair spatial memory, a hippocampal function. In each of the three experiments, rats received daily, subcutaneous injections of either CORT (26.8 mg/kg body weight in sesame oil) or sesame oil vehicle alone (VEH). CORT given for 21 or 56 days effectively attenuated body weight gain and reduced selective organ and muscle weights. All behavioral testing was done on tasks that are minimally stressful and avoid deprivation. For each experiment, testing commenced 24 h after the last injection. CORT given for 21 days did not impair spatial working memory in the Y-maze (Experiments 1 and 2). After 56-day administration of CORT, spatial working memory was impaired in the Y-maze (Experiment 2). CORT given for 21 days also failed to impair spatial working memory in the Barnes maze (Experiment 3). However, in trials that depended solely on reference memory, the VEH group improved in performance, whereas the CORT group did not. In conclusion, CORT elevated over a period of 21 days did not impair spatial working memory, but impaired the formation of a longer-term form of memory, most likely reference memory. Impairments in spatial working memory are seen only after longer durations of CORT administration.
Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The biologically available phosphorus (BAP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations and phosphorus (P) uptake rates within the euphotic zone (0‐175 m) were measured on eight cruises between October 2000 and November 2001 to Sta. ALOHA (22.758N, 1588W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The SRP concentrations in the upper 100 m ranged from 7 to 84 nmol P L 21 , with a mean concentration of 41 nmol P L 21 (SE 5 4, n 5 40). The BAP pool consistently exceeded the SRP pool by factors of 1.4‐2.8 in the upper 100 m, the additional P amounting to 7‐15% of the dissolved organic P (DOP) pool, assuming that the measured SRP pool is fully bioavailable. Mean P uptake rates, based on SRP concentrations, ranged from 0.8 to 4.0 nmol P L 21 d 21 , with the highest rates in the surface waters decreasing with increasing depth. Mean P uptake rates that are based on BAP concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 8.0 nmol P L 21 d 21 , with a maximum at ;45 m, the depth corresponding to the highest adenosine-59-triphosphate concentrations and highest DOP : SRP ratios. In the 125‐175-m depth interval, SRP concentrations increased from 74 to 200 nmol P L 21 and DOP declined by an average of 70 nmol P L 21 . Because of the lower DOP concentrations at these depths, the contribution to BAP from the DOP pool increased to ;25%. These results indicate that the microbial community utilizes combined P compounds for their P nutrition simultaneously and, on average, uses them to the same extent as SRP in the upper water column. These results have important implications for P biogeochemistry in low‐inorganic nutrient environments.
Pho85p-Pho80p Phosphorylation of Yeast Pah1p Phosphatidate Phosphatase Regulates Its Activity, Location, Abundance, and Function in Lipid Metabolism

The yeast Pah1p phosphatidate phosphatase, which catalyzes the penultimate step in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis genes, is a cytosolic enzyme that associates with the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane to catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidate to yield diacylglycerol. Pah1p is phosphorylated on seven (Ser-110, Ser-114, Ser-168, Ser-602, Thr-723, Ser-744, and Ser-748) sites that are targets for proline-directed protein kinases. In this work, we showed that the seven sites are phosphorylated by Pho85p-Pho80p, a protein kinase-cyclin complex known to regulate a variety of cellular processes. The phosphorylation of recombinant Pah1p was time- and dose-dependent and dependent on the concentrations of ATP (3.7 μm) and Pah1p (0.25 μm). Phosphorylation reduced (6-fold) the catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of Pah1p and reduced (3-fold) its interaction (Kd) with liposomes. Alanine mutations of the seven sites ablated the inhibitory effect that Pho85p-Pho80p had on Pah1p activity and on the interaction with liposomes. Analysis of pho85Δ mutant cells, phosphate-starved wild type cells, and cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient forms of Pah1p indicated that loss of Pho85p-Pho80p phosphorylation reduced Pah1p abundance. In contrast, lack of Nem1p-Spo7p, the phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates Pah1p at the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, stabilized Pah1p abundance. Although loss of phosphorylation caused a decrease in abundance, a greater amount of Pah1p was associated with membranes when compared with phosphorylated enzyme, and the loss of phosphorylation allowed bypass of the Nem1p-Spo7p requirement for Pah1p function in the synthesis of triacylglycerol.
Spillover of social responsibility associations in a brand portfolio

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the spillover effect of social responsibility (SR) activity at the product brand level on the full brand portfolio. Extant research has established that SR activity can be beneficial to companies by influencing consumers’ SR associations with the company and its product brands. However, most studies only look at the outcomes of SR implemented at the corporate level (i.e. corporate social responsibility [CSR]). This paper provides a new and expanded perspective by exploring how SR at the product brand level reverberates throughout the full brand portfolio. Drawing on associative network theory, the authors propose a conceptual model that predicts when and how SR associations with a product brand spillover to corporate brand and other product brands and the consequences of this spillover. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were conducted to test the conceptual model. The authors used utilitarian products (frozen yogurt, ice cream, and soft drink) in the first ...
Expression profile of ovarian tumors: distinct signature of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor.

Epithelial ovarian tumors are the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. In this study, we reveal distinct expression signatures of previously uncharacterized ovarian carcinoma subtypes, including endometrioid component of mixed ovarian tumor and Sertoli–Leydig tumor. Both subtypes were compared to the most common and well-characterized ovarian epithelial carcinoma of the serous type. These comparisons were performed by complementaryDNA (cDNA) microarrays allowing high-fidelity measurements of the expression levels of 39,360 human individual cDNA species representing both known and unknown human genes. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in Sertoli–Leydig tumor revealed an upregulation in sonic hedgehog pathway, deregulation of several metabolic pathways especially in amino acid metabolism and overexpression of genes associated with protein synthesis, including ribosomal genes.
Gamma-Set Domination Graphs. I: Complete Biorientations of q- Extended Stars and Wounded Spider Graphs

. The domination number of a graph G, -y(G), and the domina­ tion graph of a digraph D, dom(D) are integrated in this paper. The 'Y-set !!omination graph of the complete biorientation of a graph G, d~-y(G) is created. All-y-sets of specific trees Tare found, and dom-y(T) is characterized for those classes.
Review: The Politics of the Provisional: Art and Ephemera in Revolutionary France by Richard Taws

Richard Taws The Politics of the Provisional: Art and Ephemera in Revolutionary France University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013, 288 pp., 24 color and 66 b/w illus. $74.95 (cloth), ISBN 9780271054186; $35.95 (paper), ISBN 9780271054193 “There are monuments other than those of stone and marble, and they will always be remembered, even though they lasted no longer than a decade.”1 The temporary but indelible monuments of the French Revolution described by nineteenth-century art historian Jules Renouvier are at the center of Richard Taws’s fascinating new book, The Politics of the Provisional: Art and Ephemera in Revolutionary France , which explores how an unlikely range of “transitional, provisional, ephemeral, and half-made images and objects” (2) became pivotal to the visual and material culture of the French Revolution. While the book is primarily directed toward readers familiar with the key events of this brief-but-complicated moment in French history, Taws’s novel approach to “the provisional” as both a field of representation and form of materiality that embodied the politics and poetics of revolution will resonate with a broader audience interested in issues of time and materiality. More specifically, this text will appeal to architectural historians seeking to understand how temporary monuments can become potent bearers of meaning at critical junctures of political, social, and cultural change. This beautifully illustrated book is divided into six chapters examining a range of objects and images produced within the charged revolutionary period from 1789 to 1799. In lieu of a monographic format driven by a single protagonist, Taws’s thematic chapters follow the multiple trajectories and material traces of things formerly dismissed by art historians as marginalia of little artistic merit: Republican calendars and almanacs, paper currency and caricature, Bastille rubble refashioned into miniatures of the prison, melted-down shackles made into rings, as well as participatory outdoor festivals. Produced within the swiftly changing and often conflicting political instants of the revolutionary period, such objects, images, and events shared qualities of impermanence. The book sheds new light on a decade that has been …
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: The Emerging Crisis

Over the past 50 years, significant advances in drug development, surgical techniques, medical therapy, and device manufacturing have propelled the field of medicine to new heights. Organ transplantation is more common and successful than ever; patients with HIV are able to maintain stable immune function with one pill a day; critical care monitoring has never been so advanced; and chronic medical conditions are treated effectively with a wide variety of medical options. Managing complex patients like these would be nearly impossible without the use of effective antimicrobial therapy to treat inevitable infections. These advancements, however, are actively being threatened by an increase in multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Without urgent action and increased education, MDROs have the potential to reverse decades of medical innovation.
Is there Agency in Dependency? Expanding the Feminist Justifications for Restructuring Wage Work

This essay seeks to expand the legal feminist justifications for restructuring wage work around the needs of employees with significant family responsibilities - typically women. It argues that family caregiving work often has political value, particularly to less privileged workers such as working class women, unmarried women, and women of color. For such individuals, care work may be understood, at least in part, as a form of resistance to workplace exploitation. Even relatively privileged workers may experience their family commitments as a means to resist, or at least balance, the pressured conditions of the modern workplace. This conception of caregiving as a positive form of political resistance to workplace exploitation provides a powerful challenge to traditional liberal legal and law and economic understandings of caregivers, caregiving, and the workplace, which together have served to stunt the law's response to work and family conflict. Specifically, such a conception of caregiving provides a justification for workplace restructuring even though caregiving is neither immutable nor performed solely by women, two facts that have undermined plaintiffs' efforts to secure more family-friendly work arrangements from a legal regime modeled on formal equality and rational choice theory. Thinking about caregiving as a form of positive political expression also strengthens the legal feminist project of valuing domestic labor by recognizing women's agency, however restricted and distorted by gender based oppression, and by including potentially even more people within that project.
Novel Optical Pulse-Rate Multiplier in GaAs Using Height-Tapered 1 x 4 Splitters

Short-pulse generation at extremely high repetition rates using semiconductor laser sources is an important capability for lightwave telecommunications. The most obvious approach uses direct modulation of the laser injection current. This approach is however limited by the frequency response of most lasers to a repetition rate of 20 GHz. Another approach to producing higher repetition rates, eg. 100 GHz, is to combine a high-repetition-rate semiconductor pulse laser with an optical pulse-rate multiplier which externally multiplies the laser repetition rate [1]. The pulse-rate multiplier described in this work (Fig.1) demultiplexes the laser's output pulse into an array of waveguides of uniformly-incremented length to introduce a desired differential time delay and then recombines the delayed pulses at a second splitter. The time delay is determined by the differential length between delay-line waveguides as well as their effective indices. The ability to fabricate waveguides to submicron accuracy ensures the time delay between the pulses is uniform within a fraction of a picosecond. A waveguide pulse-rate multiplier can also serve as the basis of a programmable packet encoder if a suitable electro-optical modulator is integrated with each delay-line waveguide.
Emergency Management of Acute Severe Asthma Exacerbation in the Adult Population

Progression of an acute asthma attack to a severe asthma exacerbation can occur rapidly and lead to devastating consequences, such as hospitalization and respiratory failure. Physiologic processes leading to severe asthma exacerbation may include inflammation, inappropriate hyperresponsiveness of bronchial cells, and excessive mucus production. Specific treatments for acute severe asthma consist of oxygen, intermittent or continuous bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and magnesium sulfate. Close monitoring of patient progress is critical to identify patients most likely to have a severe course of illness. Prior to discharge, patient education and identification of obstacles impeding successful management and control of asthma must be addressed.
Study on The Influence of Chitosan on β-FeOOH Crystallite Formation

The β-FeOOH crystallite were prepared with chitosan using urea neutralization boiling forcing-hydrolysis method.The influence of chitosan on β-FeOOH crystallite were studied.It is found that β-FeOOH long axis diameter increases with increasing amount of chitosan and decreases with the rising pH.Chitosan is being think as β-FeOOH crystallite growing promoters when pH4.2 and as inhibitors when pH4.2. β-FeOOH is also characterized by TEM,XRD and IR in this paper.It is found that the external diameter of subcrystals of β-FeOOH is in 1～4nm range.The formation process of β-FeOOH with chitosan is being preliminary deduced.
Effect of maternal age and number of in vitro fertilization procedures on pregnancy outcome.

Five hundred twelve patients underwent 1,101 oocyte retrievals for in vitro fertilization (IVF) from July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1988. Eighty-four percent of all oocyte retrievals went on to transfer. The mean number of oocyte retrievals was 2.2 per patient, and the mean number of embryo transfers (ET) was 1.8 per patient. The pregnancy rate was 23% per retrieval, 27% per ET, and 49% per patient. There were 77 (31%) spontaneous abortions and five (2%) ectopic pregnancies. Linear regression analysis of the effect of women's age on the ongoing pregnancy rate per ET showed a highly significant negative linear correlation between age and ongoing pregnancy rate ( P P P > 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate per ET for patients undergoing one to seven attempts was 25%, 29%, 28%, 33%, 35%, 30%, and two out of five, respectively. We conclude that women's age has a negative effect on IVF success that is more pronounced after the age of 36, and the pregnancy rate per ET is similar for at least seven attempts.
Just where exactly is the radar? (a.k.a. the radar antenna phase center)

The %E2%80%9Clocation%E2%80%9D of the radar is the reference location to which the radar measures range. This is typically the antenna's %E2%80%9Cphase center.%E2%80%9D However, the antenna's phase center is not generally obvious, and may not correspond to any seemingly obvious physical location, such as the focal point of a dish reflector. This report calculates the phase center of an offset-fed dish reflector antenna.
Body composition in elderly persons: a critical review of needs and methods

Significant changes in body composition that have important health related effects are believed to occur in the elderly. Knowledge of these changes is important for diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment of health problems. Many health problems in the elderly could be prevented or alleviated by nutritional modulation, but better understanding of the nature, extent, and underlying physiology of body compositional changes is needed for such interventions to be successful. There are currently few data for body composition in the elderly, especially for those greater than 75 y in age, partly because conventional methods of assessing body composition are difficult to apply for technical and conceptual reasons. As a result, little is known regarding the relationships of body composition to nutritional, functional or health status in non-hospitalized, free-living elderly persons. Knowledge of the "natural history" of body compositional changes and their relationships to other nutritional and health factors could lead to new insights on prevention and treatment, the reduction of morbidity and extension of the quality of life of older persons.