cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training as a factor in policy implementation: Lessons from a National Evaluation of Child Welfare Training☆

Abstract Federal, state, and local governments spend substantial resources on training child welfare staff. Moreover, enhanced training is often proposed as a core solution to many problems facing public child welfare and other human service agencies. In this paper we conceptualize training as an element of the policy implementation process. We use data from a multiple case study evaluation of nine federally-funded training projects to examine training activity within a policy implementation framework. Findings indicate federal, state, county and organizational contexts were important in successful implementation; the projects were, for the most part, successfully implemented; training projects lacked explicit causal theory to link training activities to training outcomes; and elements of both top-down and bottom-up implementation frameworks were identified. Conclusions focus on the utility of training for enhancing policy implementation, as well as the need for greater theory development in this area.
Guest Family Physician Commentaries

Finding new ways to incorporate national guidelines into daily practice using an electronic health record (EHR) may impact the care of primary care patients. The integration of screening tools for bipolar disorder into an EHR is a new development in the care of primary care patients. Gill et al[1][1
Centrally mediated antinociceptive effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands in rat models of nociception.

The endogenous nonapeptide hemopressin (HE) demonstrates potent block of the cannabinoid subtype-1 (CB1) receptor in vitro and robust antinociception in vivo. The current study evaluated the effects of centrally administered HE in mechanistically distinct pre-clinical rat models of pain—the hot plate test and the hind paw formalin test. The non-subtype selective CB receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 was tested concurrently as a positive control. In the hot plate test, neither intrathecal (i.t.) HE nor WIN 55,212-2 significantly altered the latency to respond to noxious heat. By contrast, i.t. HE and WIN 55,212-2 significantly reduced pain-related behaviors in the formalin test. Possible HE functionality as a CB1 receptor antagonist at the spinal level was evaluated in the formalin test. Intrathecal pretreatment with HE did not attenuate the antinociceptive effect of i.t. WIN 55,212-2. However, pretreatment with the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant did; i.t. rimonabant pretreatment was not antinociceptive. Potential supraspinal antinociceptive activity of HE was also evaluated. Whereas intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of WIN 55,212-2 reduced pain-related behaviors in the formalin test, interestingly, i.c.v. HE increased behaviors. In the current study, an antinociceptive effect with the CB receptor ligand HE was obtained under the specific condition of tissue injury and not in the uninjured state. Thus, HE could be a useful analgesic peptide with a novel spinal mechanism of action.
Collaborative Learning in Higher Education and in Schools: A Two-Tiered Approach

Although professors of special education often discuss the use of cooperative learning techniques in K-12 classrooms, they seldom model these techniques in their own courses, in spite of the curren...
Ultrastructural features of neurons and nerve fibres in the spiral ganglia of cats.

Most neurons in the cat's spiral ganglia are bipolar myelinated cells; a few are unmyelinated. The usual cytoplasmic organelles are found in both types of neurons. However unmyelinated cells and some of the myelinated ones are especially rich in neurofilaments and neurotubules. The perikarya of myelinated cells are surrounded by 4–25 lamellae contributed by more than one Schwann cell. Conversely, one Schwann cell can ensheath more than one neuron. Perikaryal myelin consists of a combination of the loose and compact variety. Irregularities in loose myelin probably account for the variation in number of layers among segments of an ensheathment; some lamellae change direction to form myelin convolutions within a neuronal covering. Unmyelinated neurons are covered incompletely by 1–3 layers of Schwann cells. Processes of these cells remain unmyelinated whereas those of myelinated neurons become more heavily myelinated distal to the first node of Ranvier. Regions of the axolemma of unmyelinated and myelinated processes are free of Schwann cell covering and are separated from the interstitial space by basement membrane only. The physiology of the eighth nerve relevant to our findings are discussed.
Incidence and clinical features of the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome: Implications for patient care

Abstract Quinidine therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes. In reviewing clinical data in 24 patients with the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome, 20 of whom had torsade de pointes, we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in patients who were being treated for frequent nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias or for atrial fibrillation or flutter. (2) In patients being treated for atrial fibrillation, torsade de pointes occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most patients developed the syndrome within days of starting quinidine, four had torsade de pointes during long-term quinidine therapy, usually in association with hypokalemia. (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 patients had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum potassium between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade atrioventricular block (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) QT prolongation (two). Plasma quinidine concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of patients. The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked QT prolongation (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of torsade de pointes. Torsade de pointes started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause). We conclude that the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome that can be accompanied by a potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia is a common adverse drug reaction with a distinctive spectrum of plasma quinidine concentrations, ECG manifestations, and associated conditions. Based on these data, we advocate close attention to serum potassium concentrations and to QT intervals, particularly following abrupt decreases in heart rate; we suggest initiation of quinidine therapy on an inpatient basis only.
In vitro activity of sorghum seed antifungal proteins against grain mold pathogens

Several sorghum seed antifungal proteins (AFP), including sormatin, chitinase, glucanase, and ribosome-inhibiting protein (RIP), were extracted, partially purified using sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, and eluted from a CM-Sephadex column using a linear salt gradient. Eluted fractions were tested for bioactivity against Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, and Aspergillus flavus using hyphal rupture, hyphal extension, and spore germination methods. A fraction containing several AFPs was most inhibitory against F. moniliforme, C. lunata, and A. flavus. Spore germination of all three species was markedly inhibited by 360 ppm of AFPs. The inhibitory effects were not observed when the protein fraction was boiled, suggesting the involvement of undenatured proteins. Hyphal elongation inhibition was the least sensitive assay to detect the inhibitory effects of AFPs on these fungi. F. moniliforme exhibited hyphal rupture at the growing tip at protein levels as low as 70 ppm. C. lunata required high...
Helium-Ion-Induced Fission Cross Sections of U 233 and U 238 and the Nuclear Radii of Heavy Elements

New radiochemical data of the total fission cross sections have been obtained for ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$ and ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$, which can be used to derive nuclear radii for these isotopes. This and certain accurate previous results on ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ and natural bismuth can be interpreted in terms of an ${r}_{0}$ value of 1.41\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm, when ${R}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=2.19\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm, using the Weisskopf square-well nuclear model. Further, the nuclear radii obtained by this analysis are also in good agreement with the radii obtained by others from alpha-particle scattering data with a similar model. A diffuse-potential nuclear model proposed by Igo shows agreement with experiment in the lower energy range. The agreement, however, is not observed with data for higher energies. Certain features of the ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$ fission curves are also discussed.
Molecular complexity of vaccinia DNA and the presence of reiterated sequences in the genome

Abstract Reassociation rate measurements suggest that the molecular weight of the DNA of vaccinia virus is 1.2 × 10 8 , when polyoma virus DNA is used as a standard of comparison. In addition, a search for reiterated sequences revealed that a small portion of the genome (0.6%) occurs as multiple copies.
Sulfur-free cleaning strategy for advanced mask manufacturing

Existing cleaning technology using sulfuric acid based chemistry has served the mask industry quite well over the years. However, the existence of residue on mask surfaces is becoming more and more of a problem at the high energy wavelengths used in lithography tool for wafer manufacturing. This is evident by the emergence of sub-pellicle defect growth and backside hazing issues. A large source of residual contamination on the surface of masks is from the mask manufacturing process, particularly the cleaning portion involving sulfuric acid. Cleaning strategies can be developed that eliminate the use of sulfuric acid in the cleaning process for advanced photomasks and alternative processes can be used for cleaning masks at various stages of the manufacturing process. Implementation of these new technologies into manufacturing will be discussed as will the resulting improvements, advantages, and disadvantages over pre-existing mask cleaning processes.
Improvements in GaAs JFETs for Deep Cryogenic Operation

Gallium arsenide junction field-effect transistors (GaAs JFETs) can be made immune to carrier freeze-out, making such transistors useful for the readout of detector arrays that operate at 4 K. Typical applications require transistors with very low noise and extremely low leakage current. By using a recently developed etchant for GaAs that is highly isotropic, etched GaAs JFETs have fabricated that have a gently tapered edge. This reduces edge fields, which consequently reduces the edge tunneling current, the dominant source of leakage current at 4 K. JFETs with gate leakage currents below 10 -15 amps have been fabricated. The fabrication technique, including the isotropic etchant is discussed. The leakage current and noise of these JFETs are presented and compared with previous devices using a conventional etch.
Emerging strategies to prevent heart failure after myocardial infarction

Congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a significant cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. Projections show that the prevalence of CHF will increase 46% from 2012 to 2030, resulting in over eight million adults with CHF in the United States. While substantial advances have been achieved in the treatment of CHF over the past two decades, CHF rivals cancer as a cause of mortality. Strategies focused on prevention of CHF should be emphasized to meaningfully impact the projected increase in CHF. Irrespective of the type of CHF, either systolic or diastolic, coronary artery disease has supplanted hypertension as the most prevalent cause for congestive heart failure, with a high rate of mortality and future hospitalizations. Since coronary artery disease plays a central role in the development of CHF, approaches to treat coronary artery disease and identification of patients at risk for recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI) are approaches to prevent development of CHF. Subjects who sustain recurrent MI represent a particularly high-risk group for development of CHF. Despite the evolution of therapy for MI from thrombolytic therapy to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), RMI occurs in ~ 10% of patients in the first year after first MI, and 3 years after their first MI. In this review I explore emerging approaches to prevent RMI including the rationale for recent trials of complete revascularization at the time of MI, newly emerging biomarkers that have additive predictive value for identifying patients with high risk of CHF and death when using existing biomarkers. Finally, the paradigm of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in MI leading to monocyte expansion and acceleration of atherosclerosis is discussed as an emerging approach to identify patients at high risk of RMI, CHF, and death after MI.
Panel unit root tests under cross section dependence with recursive mean adjustment

Utilizing recursive mean adjustment we provide two unit root tests: the covariate-recursive mean adjusted unit root test and the panel feasible generalized recursive mean adjusted unit root test. The first test uses the cross sectional average of the panel data to test for non-stationarity in the common factors of the panel. The second test is designed for testing non-stationarity in the idiosyncratic errors. The proposed panel unit root tests are precise and powerful, especially when T is larger than N.
Protection by vitamin E, selenium, trolox, ascorbic acid palmitate, acetylcysteine, coenzyme Q, β-carotene, and (+)-catechin against oxidative damage to rat liver and heart tissue slices measured by oxidized heme proteins

Male rats were fed a basal diet containing vitamin E and Se which was supplemented with three different doses of trolox, ascorbic acid palmitate, acetylcysteine, β -carotene, coenzyme Q 10 , coenzyme Q 0 , and (+)-catechin. Liver and heart tissue slices were incubated at 37 °C. The effect of antioxidants on oxidative damage to rat liver and heart tissue slices was studied by measurement of the production of oxidized heme proteins during spontaneous oxidative reactions. Supplementing the basal vitamin E and Se diet with the other seven antioxidants at levels that would be appropriate for humans resulted in considerable additional protection. Increasing further the dosage of the seven supplementary antioxidants did not result in a proportional increase in protection. Maximum protection against tissue oxidation was reached at a practical dietary level of antioxidants.
Protein cleavage by transition metal complexes bearing amino acid substituents

In this report, we describe protein damage by a series of metal complexes that mediate the formation of hydroxyl radical. The protein targets used are bovine serum albumin (BSA) and carboxypeptidase A (CPA). BSA contains several electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic binding sites for potential interaction with the metal complexes, and CPA contains a specific phenylalanine binding site. The data presented in this study show that aromatic side chain damage and backbone cleavage occur to similar extents with all the complexes. Reasonable levels of backbone cleavage specificity can be attained with relatively few recognition elements, despite the fact that a diffusible radical mediates cleavage. Incorporation of additional recognition elements can enlarge the set of cleavage sites. We show that the chemical environment of the cleavage reaction, manipulated by using different buffers, can dramatically affect the outcome of the cleavage reaction. Our work suggests that backbone cleavage site is determined by three factors: the binding sites of the metal complexes, the role of reactive sites on the protein backbone, and the influence of the chemical environment on the reaction.
The Incidence and Impacts of Student Transiency in Upstate New Yorkʼs Rural School Districts

This article is one of several in a special collection for which Lionel J. Beaulieu and Robert M. Gibbs served as guest editors (http://www.umaine.edu/jrre/20-12.pdf). Earlier versions of these articles were presented at the 2003 conference, “Promoting the Economic and Social vitality of Rural America: The Role of Education,” which was sponsored by the Southern Rural Development Center, the Economic Research Service of the USDA, and the Rural School and Community Trust. Support for this research was provided in part by the Office of University Partnerships, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kai A. Schafft, Department of Education Policy Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 204B Rackley Building, University Park, PA 16802-3200. (kas45@psu.edu) Citation: Schafft, K. A. (2005, December 22). The incidence and impacts of student transiency in upstate New York’s rural school districts. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 20(15). Retrieved [date] from http://jrre.psu.edu/articles/20-15.pdf
Voltage monitoring by linear programming based optimization

A two-level technique for power plant voltage monitoring and control is extended using linear-programming-based optimization. A five-bus system is considered, taking all branch and link flows into account. Bus 1 is assumed to be the slack bus, and initial load flow solutions are achieved by the Gauss-Seidel method using the Y bus with tolerances of 0.0001 per unit for both the real and the imaginary components of voltage. This is further modified by the Newton-Raphson method using the Y bus with tolerances of 0.01 per unit for the changes in the real and reactive bus powers. Results show that convergence is achieved within one iteration with considerable reduction in CPU time. >
Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. T lymphocytes

Recent findings have substantiated the importance of T lymphocytes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we review emerging data regarding genetic predisposition, spontaneous animal models of arthritis, and cell-cell interactions that implicate T cells as driving synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Information regarding the proinflammatory role of interleukin-17-producing T cells and the functional state of regulatory T cells both in animal models and in patients with RA is also discussed. In light of the overwhelming evidence that disrupted T-cell homeostasis greatly contributes to joint pathology in RA, the therapeutic potential of targeting activators of pro-inflammatory T cells or their products is compelling.
Localized Orbitals in Polyatomic Systems

Adams und Gilbert have derived a rigorous extension to the Hartree-Fock equation which allows one to obtain localized orbitals in some polyatomic systems. This extension is valid for all closed shell systems and all systems which may be represented by a single Slater determinant and is approximately valid for any system which one may approximate by a single Slater determinant. In this paper these results are put in a more convenient form and are analysed in powers of the interatomic overlap, where only first order terms in overlap are retained. A perturbative form of the equation is also developed. Wave functions are obtained for the LiH crystal. Adams und Gilbert haben eine strenge Erweiterung der Hartree-Fock-Gleichung abgeleitet, die es erlaubt, lokalisierte Bahnen in einigen mehratomigen Systemen zu erhalten. Diese Erweiterung ist gultig fur alle Systeme mit abgeschlossenen Schalen und alle Systeme, die durch eine einzige Slaterdeterminante dargestellt werden, und ist naherungsweise gultig fur alle Systeme, die durch eine einzige Slaterdeterminante approximiert werden konnen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden diese Ergebnisse in eine leichter zugangliche Form gebracht und in Potenzen der interatomaren Uberlappung analysiert, wobei nur die Uberlappungsterme erster Ordnung berucksichtigt werden. Eine Storungsform der Gleichung wird ebenfalls entwickelt. Fur LiH-Kristalle werden Wellenfunktionen erhalten.
Scattering of a diagonally incident focused Gaussian beam by an infinitely long homogeneous circular cylinder

I expand the radiation potential of an arbitrary monochromatic electromagnetic wave in the cylindrical coordinate eigenfunctions of the scalar Helmholtz equation. Since the resulting beam shape coefficients are found to be an inverse Fourier transform of the z component of the beam fields, the incident Gaussian beam is parameterized by a Fourier angular spectrum of plane waves. The beam's partial-wave coefficients are then obtained, as well as the scattered fields produced by the interaction of the beam with an infinitely long homogeneous circular cylinder. The fields are evaluated analytically in the far zone by the method of stationary phase, and the physical interpretation of the results are discussed extensively.
Effects due to proximity-induced electric dipole moments on Br + H2 collisions in an intense laser field

Abstract Further calculations are carried out for collinear Br( 2 P 3 2 , 1 2 ) + H 2 ( 1 Σ + g ) collisions occurring in an intense laser field. The model system, first employed to illustrate the use of a general quantum approach to such problems, is here improved by the inclusion of proximity-induced permanent and transition electric dipole moments that arise during the collision. Comparison is made between the present results and those obtained in the earlier work. Threshold effects are noted and discussed.
Tribochemical Effects of Various Gases and Water Vapor on Thin Film Magnetic Disks With Carbon Overcoats

Friction tests on thin film magnetic disks with carbon overcoats were performed using commercial read/write heads as sliders. The results provide evidence that the thin film overcoats wear through chemical means in the presence of gaseous oxygen, and through mechanical means in the absence of oxygen. When small concentrations of water are present, friction behavior resembling that of an oxidizing environment is observed, suggesting oxidation of the carbon film preceded by dissociation of adsorbed water.
Increased specific binding of insulin‐like growth factor‐I in healing cutaneous wounds

Insulin-like growth factor-I is a polypeptide hormone structurally related to insulin. It is a potent mitogen that promotes growth and differentiation in many tissues. A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in wound healing is suggested by its rapid rise in levels and increased insulin-like growth factor-I messenger RNA expression in tissue after wounding. We designed our study to characterize possible changes in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor binding during wound healing. Surgical wounds created on the abdominal skin of anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits were either left open or closed primarily. Size- and weight-matched specimens were harvested at wounding time (day 0), and at 1, 4, 7, 38, and 50 days after wounding. Preliminary experiments showed that the greatest difference in specific binding occurred between day 0 and day 7. (125)I-insulin-like growth factor-I binding studies were performed on frozen tissue specimens and autoradiography was performed and analyzed by computerized densitometry. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed a single class of insulin-like growth factor-I binding sites whose affinity that is, binding constant (K(d) = 0.6 x 10(-9)) did not change significantly over time; in contrast there was a threefold increase in the number of receptors per milligram tissue in day 7 wound tissue versus normal skin harvested at day 0 (17.3 +/- 2.6 x 10(10) versus 4.7 +/- 2.5 x 10(10), respectively, p insulin-like growth factor-II > insulin. This increase in binding was due to upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptors rather than increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-I binding protein as less than 20% of the threefold increase in binding at day 7 could be attributed to insulin-like growth factor-I binding protein in membrane-free extracts. The presence of specific, high-affinity insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in the skin and their upregulation at day 7 after wounding suggest that insulin-like growth factor-I plays an important role during wound healing.
An overview of butanol-induced developmental neurotoxicity and the potential mechanisms related to these observed effects ☆

The purpose of this article is to briefly review the published literature on the developmental neurotoxic effects, including potential mechanisms, of four butanols: n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol, and identify data gaps and research needs for evaluation of human health risks in this area. Exposure potential to these four butanols is considerable given the high production volume (>1 billion lb) of n- and tert-butanol and moderate production volumes (100-500 million lb) of sec- and isobutanol. With the impetus to derive cleaner gasoline blends, butanols are being considered for use as fuel oxygenates. Notable signs of neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity have been observed in some studies where laboratory animals (rodents) were gestationally exposed to n- or tert-butanol. Mechanistic data relevant to the observed developmental neurotoxicity endpoints were also reviewed to hypothesize potential mechanisms associated with the developmental neurotoxicity outcome. Data from the related and highly characterized alcohol, ethanol, were included to examine consistencies between this compound and the four butanols. It is widely known that alcohols, including butanols, interact with several ion channels and modulate the function of these targets following both acute and chronic exposures. In addition, n- and sec-butanol have been demonstrated to inhibit fetal rat brain astroglial cell proliferation. Further, rat pups exposed to n-butanol in utero were also reported to have significant increases in brain levels of dopamine and serotonin, but decreases in serotonin levels were noted with gestational exposure to tert-butanol. tert-Butanol was reported to inhibit muscarinic receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide metabolism which has been hypothesized to be a possible target for the neurotoxic effects of ethanol during brain development. The mechanistic data for the butanols support developmental neurotoxicity that has been observed in some of the rodent studies. However, careful studies evaluating the neurobehavior of developing pups in sensitive strains, as well as characterizing the plausible mechanisms involved, need to be conducted in order to further elucidate the neurodevelopmental effects of butanols for risk evaluation.
Courts, Rights, and New Technology: Judging in an Ever-Changing World

Friedrich A. von Hayek was primarily an economist and political philosopher, but I plan to discuss another side of him: Hayek the constitutional theorist. Hayek had a lot to say about constitutions in general, and the American Constitution in particular.
EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS INFUSIONS OF ACTH AND ANGIOTENSIN II UPON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED NEPHRECTOMIZED DOGS.

SummaryAddition of ACTH to constant infusions of angiotensin II in hypophysectomized nephrectomized dogs resulted in marked stimulation of 17-hydroxycorticoid and corticosterone secretion but no change in aldosterone secretion. Therefore, the absence of ACTH in hypophysectomized dogs does not explain the failure of acute angiotensin II infusions to raise aldosterone secretion to the levels observed in secondary hyperaldosteronism in the dog.
Nonlinear Polymeric 1D Photonic Materials

Nonlinear nanolayered polymer films with a modulation in the complex nonlinear refractive index normal to the surface were fabricated using new polymers with large absorptive nonlinearities. The effective nonlinear absorption increased, relative to a monolithic control, at wavelengths approaching the band gap.
Testing Noncollinear Spin-Flip, Collinear Spin-Flip, and Conventional Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Predicting Electronic Excitation Energies of Closed-Shell Atoms

Conventional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is based on a closed-shell Kohn-Sham (KS) singlet ground state with the adiabatic approximation, using either linear response (KS-LR) or the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (KS-TDA); these methods can only directly predict singly excited states. This deficiency can be overcome by using a triplet state as the reference in the KS-TDA approximation and "exciting" the singlet by a spin flip (SF) from the triplet; this is the method suggested by Krylov and co-workers, and we abbreviate this procedure as SF-KS-TDA. SF-KS-TDA can be applied either with the original collinear kernel of Krylov and co-workers or with a noncollinear kernel, as suggested by Wang and Ziegler. The SF-KS-TDA method does bring some new practical difficulties into play, but it can at least formally model doubly excited states and states with double-excitation character, so it might be more useful than conventional TDDFT (both KS-LR and KS-TDA) for photochemistry if these additional difficulties can be surmounted and if it is accurate with existing approximate exchange-correlation functionals. In the present work, we carried out calculations specifically designed to understand better the accuracy and limitations of the conventional TDDFT and SF-KS-TDA methods; we did this by studying closed-shell atoms and closed-shell monatomic cations because they provide a simple but challenging testing ground for what we might expect in studying the photochemistry of molecules with closed-shell ground states. To test their accuracy, we applied conventional KS-LR and KS-TDA and 18 versions of SF-KS-TDA (nine collinear and nine noncollinear) to the same set of vertical excitation energies (including both Rydberg and valence excitations) of Be, B(+), Ne, Na(+), Mg, and Al(+). We did this for 10 exchange-correlation functionals of various types, both local and nonlocal. We found that the GVWN5 and M06 functionals with nonlocal kernels in spin-flip calculations can both have accuracy competitive to CASPT2 calculations. When the results were averaged over all 36 test energy differences, seven (GVWN5, M06, B3PW91, LRC-ωPBE, LRC-ωPBEh, PBE, and M06-2X) of the 10 studied density functionals had smaller mean unsigned errors for noncollinear calculations than the mean unsigned error of the best functional (M06-2X) for either conventional KS-TDA or KS-LR.
Only a God Can Save Us – Or at Least a Good Story: I ♥ Sustainability (because necessity no longer has agency)

(2011). Only a God Can Save Us – Or at Least a Good Story: I ♥ Sustainability (because necessity no longer has agency) Design Philosophy Papers: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 69-80.
Determination of liquid-liquid critical point composition using 90^{∘} laser light scattering.

Despite over a century of characterization efforts, liquid-liquid critical point compositions are difficult to identify with good accuracy. Reported values vary up to 10% for even well-studied systems. Here, a technique is presented for high-precision determination of the critical composition of a partially miscible binary liquid system. Ninety-degree laser light-scattering intensities from single-phase samples are analyzed using an equation derived from nonclassical power laws and the pseudospinodal approximation. Results are reported for four liquid-liquid systems (aniline + hexane, isobutyric acid + water, methanol + cyclohexane, and methanol + carbon disulfide). Compared to other methods, the ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ light-scattering approach has a strong dependence on composition near the critical point, is less affected by temperature fluctuations, and is insensitive to the presence of trace impurities in the samples. Critical compositions found with ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ light scattering are precise to the parts-per-thousand level and show long-term reproducibility.
67 THE USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PLAQUE TYPE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DEGREE OF STENOSIS AND GENDER.

Background The Glagov hypothesis suggests that positive remodeling preserves lumen size until further plaque formation results in significant narrowing. However, there are no data relating the percent stenosis (%S) to the plaque type and its relationship to patient9s gender. Methods Fifty patients undergoing 64-detector computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were evaluated using the AHA 18 segment model. Stenoses were assigned to quartiles: 0 to 25%, 25 to 50%, 50 to 75%, and > 75%. Plaque was characterized as totally noncalcified (TNC), predominantly nonC (PNC), predominantly C (PC), and totally C (TC). Results There was a significant (p Conclusions (1) There is a significant association between vessel lumen and calcification in females but not in males. (2) Noncalcified plaque is directly, and calcified plaque inversely, related to the severity of arterial narrowing; this suggests that positive remodeling associated with predominantly calcified plaque preserves lumen size.
Autistic Behavior, Behavior Analysis, and the Gene—Part II

This article reviews the negative behavior-analytic commentary on Drash and Tudor's behavior-analytic analysis of the etiology of autistic repertoires and values. This article also asks that, in our effort to scrub it clean, we not drown Drash and Tudor's beautiful, but fragile, new-born, behavior-analytic baby in hyper-methodological, hyper-scholarly bathwater.
Combined Pulmonary Vein and LA/LAA Thrombus Assessment: Can CMR Kill Two Birds With One Stone?

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia worldwide [(1)][1], and catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is becoming a dominant approach to its management. Stroke and transient ischemic attack are known risks of PVI [(2)][2]. To improve PVI safety, atrial thrombus needs to
Appendix B Group Representation Theory

This appendix surveys those aspects of the representation theory of finite groups that are used throughout the text. The final section provides a brief overview of the representation theory of the symmetric group in characteristic zero. Monoid representation theory very much builds on group representation theory and so one should have a solid foundation in the latter subject before attempting to master the former. Good references for the representation theory of finite groups are [Isa76, Ser77, CR88]. See also [Ste12a]. We mostly omit proofs here, although we occasionally do provide a sketch or complete proof for convenience of the reader.
The Sociology of Inequality and the Rise of Neo-Inequality

Sociologists’ conventional approaches to understanding inequality and poverty do not adequately capture the causes, extent, and consequences of new forms of inequality that have emerged in the late...
Measurement Invariance of a School Readiness Screener for Use in Preschool and Kindergarten

Research Findings: Public policy has increasingly focused on expansion of preschool access for underserved students and systematic evaluation of preschool quality and students’ readiness for school...
Comparative Studies in Tick-Borne Diseases in Animals and Humans.

In temperate zones of the earth, ticks are the most important arthropod vectors of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals.[...]
Micromilling of Poly(methyl methacrylate, PMMA) Using Single-Crystal Diamond Tools

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on micromachinability characteristics of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, with the common trade names of Acrylic ® or Plexiglass ® ) when using single-crystal diamond micro-endmills towards enabling rapid, accurate, and reproducible fabrication of PMMA parts for a broad range of applications. An experimental study with a full factorial design is conducted using a straight single-crystal diamond micro-endmill with a diameter of 450 μm. A set of full-immersion micromilling tests are performed within a custom-made miniature machine tool under varying spindle rotational speeds (90, 120, and 150 krpm), feed rates (5, 10, and 15 μm/flute), and axial depths of cut (50 and 100 μm). The effects of cutting conditions on process forces, surface roughness, burr formation, and shape retention (of the fabricated channels) are analyzed. It is shown that micromilling using single-crystal diamond micro-endmills reduces surface roughness, burr formation, and force magnitudes, while creating high-quality features as compared to those obtained when using commercially available tungsten carbide micro-endmills. Favorable cutting conditions and machining strategies for effective creation of micro-scale features on PMMA can be identified using the presented micromachinability study.
Self-aligned ZnO thin-film transistors with 860 MHz f T and 2 GHz f max for large-area applications

High-frequency thin film transistors (TFTs) enable many important thin film circuits used in flexible large-area systems such as large bandwidth instrumentation amplifiers (related to f T ) and high-frequency oscillators (related to f max ) [1,2]. In [3] f max =10GHz and f T =2.9GHz were reported but using Si substrates and pulsed laser deposition for ZnO growth, which are incompatible with low-cost large-area processing on a meter scale. More modest reports of f max- =1GHz with sputtered IGZO on glass have relied on a very sensitive alignment process, impractical for fabrication over large substrates [4]. In this work we present a ZnO-channel TFT process fully compatible with flexible large-area substrates. We achieve an f max =2GHz and f T =860MHz by reducing source/drain (S/D) to gate overlaps (X ov ) and scaling channel lengths down to 500nm via a self-aligned process.
Modeling high current integrated power converters

This work presents an analytical model for integrated DCDC converters at high currents. A loss model is constructed using parameters extracted from simulation or are available in the process manual and are scaled with the size of the device. The loss model is used to compare power converter implementations for varying on-chip size and power loss goals. Buck, 3-Level Buck, and Switched-Capacitor topologies are compared using this analytical model and then implemented in a commercial CMOS process. Validation of the constructed loss model is done through hardware measurements.
Effects of Mass Transport on Crystallization From Miscible Polymer Blends

Abstract In the crystallization of miscible polymer blends, the kinetics of transport of crystallizable molecules to a growing entity influences the kinetics of the transformation and controls the ultimate morphology. In the nucleation step, the diffusion of crystallizable molecules to a growing embryo can significantly slow the nucleation rate. This process is modeled as the growth to a critical size of a sphere in a molten blend of crystallizable and uncrystallizable polymers. In the growth phase, the diffusion length δ plays a very large role. The magnitude of δ controls the final apportioning of the noncrystallizing species: between spherulites, between fibrils, or between lamellae. The magnitude of δ also determines whether growth will be linear or parabolic in time.
India Higher Education Internationalization:Problems and Possibilities

The Guest Editorial by Lavakare concerning international students makes some important points that I would like to emphasize. India without any question needs clear guidelines and policies – and action – concerning international education, the role of international students in the country, and more broadly, its role in the increasing important and competitive global world of higher education. Indeed, India’s role as an ‘intellectual power’ and its future success in science and technology depends in significant part on the excellence and international connectedness of its higher education sector, and as Lavakare has pointed out, India lags far behind its direct competitors, such as China, as well as the top academic systems in the world.
American Indian Storytelling with Alice: (Abstract Only)

Montana is home to a large American Indian population and a rich history. The Indian Education for All (IEFA) Act, passed in 1999, reinforces the educational goals stated in Montana's 1972 Constitution that "every Montanan, whether Indian or non-Indian, be encouraged to learn about the distinct and unique heritage of American Indians in a culturally responsive manner." IEFA requires that American Indian education be integrated into "the education of each Montana citizen," making Montana the only state to mandate Indian education by law. We propose an integration of CS concepts into existing content standards using the IEFA curricula. To make these concepts approachable, we utilize Alice, a drag-and-drop programming environment. This software allows students to animate stories while learning programming techniques in a user-friendly way. Furthermore, Alice 2 allows customized models; in particular, we can create models specific to American Indian culture. In this poster, we present an overview of the Storytelling project and preliminary results, an example lesson plan, evaluation techniques, and a description of the 3D model creation process. With these lesson plans and customized models, we strive to broaden participation of students from rural and American Indian communities in CS and related fields.
Health Care Spending on Diabetes in the U.S., 1996-2013.

OBJECTIVE Health care spending on diabetes in the U.S. has increased dramatically over the past several decades. This research describes health care spending on diabetes to quantify how that spending has changed from 1996 to 2013 and to determine what drivers are increasing spending. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Spending estimates were extracted from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Disease Expenditure 2013 database. Estimates were produced for each year from 1996 to 2013 for each of 38 age and sex groups and six types of care. Data on disease burden were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study. We analyzed the drivers of spending by measuring the impact of population growth and aging and changes in diabetes prevalence, service utilization, and spending per encounter. RESULTS Spending on diabetes in the U.S. increased from $37 billion (95% uncertainty interval $32–$42 billion) in 1996 to $101 billion ($97–$107 billion) in 2013. The greatest amount of health care spending on diabetes in 2013 occurred in prescribed retail pharmaceuticals (57.6% [53.8–62.1%] of spending growth) followed by ambulatory care (23.5% [21.7–25.7%]). Between 1996 and 2013, pharmaceutical spending increased by 327.0% (222.9–456.6%). This increase can be attributed to changes in demography, increased disease prevalence, increased service utilization, and, especially, increases in spending per encounter, which increased pharmaceutical spending by 144.0% (87.3–197.3%) between 1996 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS Health care spending on diabetes in the U.S. has increased, and spending per encounter has been the biggest driver. This information can help policymakers who are attempting to control future spending on diabetes.
Economic Impact of Sleep Deprivation

Economic impact of sleep disorders and sleep deprivation involves estimating the direct and indirect costs of the effects of sleep disruption or deprivation. Direct costs of the evaluation and treatment of patients include the cost of physician (or other) consultative services, laboratory tests, prescriptions, and durable medical equipment. Indirect costs include the loss of productivity, increase in work-related errors, increase in motor vehicle accidents, and occurrence of falls or injuries. Studies of the economic effects of sleep disorders estimate an annual cost in billions of dollars.
Adolescent positive self, negative self: associated but dissociable?

Adolescence is a period of significant identity development and particular vulnerability to depression associated with negative self-evaluation. We investigated if increased depressive symptom severity was also associated with positive self-evaluation. We also considered pubertal developmental differences in positive and negative self-evaluation, and if these could reflect dissociated facets of the self. This cross-sectional sample consisted of healthy male and female adolescents ( N = 109) aged 12–17 from the United States. Participants completed a self-referential encoding task, which required them to indicate if a single-word adjective was self-descriptive. We administered the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Pubertal Development Scale, and the Child Narcissism Scale. Negative-word endorsement was significantly predicted by pubertal maturation level and depressive symptoms, but not by narcissism. Positive-word endorsement was significantly predicted by narcissism and negatively predicted by depressive symptoms, but not by pubertal maturation. In this typically developing sample, positive self-judgment does not vary across the pubertal range and is positively associated with narcissistic traits, and negatively associated with depressive symptom severity. Negative self-judgements are positively correlated with puberty and are associated with depressive symptom severity only. Our findings suggest that negative and positive aspects of the self are partially dissociable.
Approaches to monitoring intussusception following rotavirus vaccination.

Introduction: In 1998, the first licensed rotavirus vaccine was associated with intussusception, an unexpected adverse event, following reports of this condition to an adverse event reporting syste...
Huisarts en complexe zorgvraag

In dit artikel beschrijf ik een patientencasus waarmee ik wil laten zien waar huisartsen tegenaanlopen in de samenwerking met het sociale domein, ziekenhuizen en de geestelijke gezondheidszorg, en hoe ik daar als huisarts mee omga. U kent de huisarts waarschijnlijk als een zorgprofessional die door middel van consulten en huisvisites problemen probeert op te lossen. In dit artikel laat ik zien hoe een andere kijk en een andere aanpak uitwerken bij complexe problematiek.
Delayed-onset effect of clofarabine in the treatment of an adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose A delayed-onset effect of clofarabine in the treatment of an adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is reported. Summary A 44-year-old African-American man with pancytopenia was transferred to an academic medical center for evaluation. His medical history included bipolar depression, gynecomastia, and HIV infection (diagnosed 5 years prior) for which he was being treated with atazanavir, emtricitabine-tenofovir, and ritonavir. He was diagnosed with AML with 60% myeloblasts found during bone marrow biopsy. He had primary refractory disease after induction chemotherapy treatment. His disease was refractory to subsequent therapy with high-dose cytarabine and then etoposide and mitoxantrone. The patient then underwent treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-primed clofarabine and cytarabine (G-CLAC). At blood count recovery, he was diagnosed with refractory disease, with 17% blasts in peripheral blood and was subsequently discharged home on hospice 38 days after G-CLAC and 19 days after the last dose of filgrastim. He arrived at the outpatient clinic 79 days after G-CLAC chemotherapy with significantly improved blood counts. Two weeks later, a bone marrow biopsy confirmed complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery. Conclusion A patient with relapsed AML achieved a delayed response to clofarabine at least 38 days after treatment.
Snow Detection using In-Vehicle Video Camera with Texture-Based Image Features Utilizing K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest:

Snowfall negatively affects pavement and visibility conditions, making it one of the major causes of motor vehicle crashes in winter weather. Therefore, providing drivers with real-time roadway wea...