cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium sulfate antibiotic-impregnated bead implantation for deep surgical site infection associated with orthopedic surgery in small animals.

Objective To report the outcomes and complications associated with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads for prevention and treatment of orthopedic-related surgical site infection (SSI) in companion animals. Study design Retrospective case series. Animals Client-owned cats (n = 2) and dogs (n = 14). Methods Medical records of 16 cases in which implantation of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads was performed for the prevention or treatment of SSI were reviewed. Information collected included signalment, prior surgery, reason for bead placement, antibiotics used, bacterial culture results, and clinical outcomes. Results Surgical site infection resolved in six of 10 animals treated therapeutically and did not occur in six of six animals treated prophylactically. Susceptibility of the causative bacteria to the antibiotic implanted was confirmed in five of six cases with resolved SSI treated therapeutically but in only one of four cases with unresolved SSI treated therapeutically. Complications directly related to bead placement were evident in only one case in which beads extruded from external skeletal fixator pin tracts 7 days after implantation. At final follow-up, 11 of 12 animals without SSI had satisfactory limb use and no clinical, cytologic, or radiographic evidence of infection. Conclusion Implantation was well tolerated. Resolution of SSI was inconsistent; however, when bacteria were susceptible to the antibiotic implanted, SSI resolved in all but one case. Clinical significance Antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads could be considered for prevention or treatment of orthopedic SSI in small animals. A prospective clinical study is required to obtain additional information, including the value of preoperative bacterial culture.
Gene Transfer Through Introgressive Hybridization: History, Evolutionary Significance, and Phylogenetic Consequences

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the history, evolutionary role, and the phylogenetic impact of gene transfer through introgressive hybridization. The rudimentary understanding of hybridization and heredity demonstrated by ancient humans was largely lost until late in the 17th century. The possibility of gene transfer through introgression was not recognized until early in the 20th century, but its evolutionary importance has been debated ever since. The role of introgression in adaptive evolution is more difficult to assess, however, because advantageous alleles spread quickly, making it difficult to catch the introgression of favorable alleles in action. Nonetheless, molecular marker surveys indicate that introgression is widespread in both plants and animals. Thus, horizontal gene transfer and hybridization represent viable alternative explanations for discordance between gene lineages and organismal pedigrees. The model therefore, predicts that selection in the hybrid zone will be largely exogenous, that diagnostic characters should exhibit clinal variation if the zone occurs along an ecotone, and that only a subset of favored hybrid genotypes are likely to be common in the hybrid zone.
Hospice consultation team: A new multidisciplinary model

Abstract The term “hospice” refers not only to certain facilities, but also to a philosophy of comprehensive, humanistic treatment for the patient and his family. Because death will always be a part of the general hospital setting, hospice concepts provide a useful method for improved patient care. This paper describes the development of a multidisciplinary team that provides consultation-liaison services for terminally ill patients and their families, either while in hospital or while being followed in a home-care treatment service. Cases are presented that illustrate the benefits of such an approach to the care of the dying patient and his family.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox

A standard experiment is studied to see whether the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox leads to any difficulty in physically understanding the predictions of quantum mechanics. The role played by the measuring apparatus is stressed. It is found that there is no problem in understanding the results given by ordinary quantum mechanics.
Mommy's Gone, Daddy's in Prison, Now What About Me?: Family Reunification for Single Custodial Fathers in Prison - Will the Sins of Incarcerated Fathers Be Inherited by Their Children?

This article discusses the historical bias in society and in the legal system against incarcerated fathers. It presents a comparison of the many incarcerated mother/infant programs in American prisons and argues that similar programs should be provided for incarcerated fathers. The article shows the failure of equal protection challenges to provide incarcerated fathers with adequate access to their children, and proposes, instead, a due process challenge by children to have meaningful access with their incarcerated fathers. The article concludes by presenting a prison architectural plan to expand existing incarcerated mother/child programs to incarcerated fathers.
Comparative study of two-sensor(magnitude-squared coherence) and single-sensor(square-law) receiver operating characteristics

An approximation for the Probability Density function (PDF) of the Magnitude-Squared Coherence (MSC) estimate is presented. The analysis is valid for the case of two ergodic Gaussian random processes, partitioned into n d independent data segments. The Probability of False Alarm (P fa ) is related directly to the decision threshold. Also, the true MSC is given as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for equal and nonequal SNR conditions in each sensor. Associated plots are included. The detection performance of an MSC estimate processor is analyzed. This investigation is valid when Gaussian noise inputs to the two sensors are uncorrelated, and have the same auto-spectral density. The Probability of Detection (P D ) is plotted against the SNR for certain values of n d between 26 and 8000. Also, the detection performance of the coherence estimator (two-sensor) is compared to that of a single-sensor square law detector, assuming a narrowband Gaussian input signal, with rectangular spectrum. Curves of P D vs SNR, for the processors, are presented together.
Using virtual reality to construct knowledge

The application of virtual reality technologies in the students' knowledge construction process, however, may provide learners with a tool for representing multiple perspectives of a domain as well as the interrelationships of concepts within that domain as they change from perspective to perspective. To determine if this potential exists, this work-in-progress attempts to assess the viability of virtual reality markup language (VRML) as an innovative, educational tool for creating knowledge maps for use in the learning process. More precisely, this study seeks to determine if and how students' development of three-dimensional concept maps using VRML influences their learning and integration of multiple perspectives in ill and well-structured domains. In the process, the study attempts to prove/disprove several hypotheses.
The role of seasonal reservoirs in the Mars water cycle: II. Coupled models of the regolith, the polar caps, and atmospheric transport

Abstract The behavior of water vapor in the Mars atmosphere requires that there be a seasonally accessible nonatmospheric reservoir of water. Coupled models have been constructed which include exchange of water with the regolith and with the polar caps, and transport through the atmosphere due to its circulation. Comparison of the model results with the vapor observations and with other data regarding the physical nature of the surface allows constraints to be placed on the relative importance of each process. The models are capable of satisfactorily explaining the gross features of the observed behavior using plausible values for the regolith and atmosphere mixing terms. In the region between the polar caps, the regolith contributes as much water to the seasonal cycle of vapor as does transport in from the more-poleward regions, to within a factor of 2. Globally, 10–40% of the seasonal cycle of vapor results from exchange of water with the regolith, about 40% results from the behavior of the residual caps, and the remainder is due to exchange of water with the seasonal caps. It is difficult to determine the relative importance of the processes more precisely than this because both regolith and polar cap exchange of water act to first order in the same direction, producing the largest vapor abundance during the local summer. The system is ultimately regulated on the seasonal time scale by the polar caps, as the time to reach equilibrium between the atmosphere and regolith or between the polar atmosphere and the global atmosphere is much longer than the time for the polar caps to equilibrate with the local atmosphere. This same behavior will hold for longer time scales, with the polar caps being in equilibrium with the insolation as it changes on the obliquity time scale, and the atmosphere and regolith following along.
TRPV1 in the Central Nervous System: Synaptic Plasticity, Function, and Pharmacological Implications

The function of TRPV1 in the peripheral nervous system is increasingly being investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in an effort to find a novel target to fight pain that is nonaddictive. However, in recent years, it was discovered that TRPV1 is also associated with a wide array of functions and behaviors in the central nervous system, such as fear, anxiety, stress, thermoregulation, pain, and, more recently, synaptic plasticity, the cellular mechanism that allows the brain to adapt to its environment. This suggests a new role for brain TRPV1 in areas such as learning and memory, reward and addiction, and development. This wide array of functional aspects of TRPV1 in the central nervous system (CNS) is in part due to its multimodal form of activation and highlights the potential pharmacological implications of TRPV1 in the brain. As humans also express a TRPV1 homologue, it is likely that animal research will be translational to humans and therefore worthy of exploration. This review outlines the basic expression patterns of TRPV1 in the CNS along with what is known regarding its signaling mechanisms and its role in the aforementioned brain functions. As TRPV1 involvement in synaptic plasticity has never been fully reviewed elsewhere, it will be a focus of this review. The chapter concludes with some of the potential pharmaceutical implications of further TRPV1 research.
Distinct roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAAreceptors in striatal inhibition dynamics.

Striatonigral and striatopallidal projecting medium spiny neurons (MSNs) express dopamine D1 (D1+) and D2 receptors (D2+), respectively. Both classes receive extensive GABAergic input via expression of synaptic, perisynaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. The activation patterns of different presynaptic GABAergic neurons produce transient and sustained GABAA receptor-mediated conductance that fulfill distinct physiological roles. We performed single and dual whole cell recordings from striatal neurons in mice expressing fluorescent proteins in interneurons and MSNs. We report specific inhibitory dynamics produced by distinct activation patterns of presynaptic GABAergic neurons as source of synaptic, perisynaptic and extrasynaptic inhibition. Synaptic GABAA receptors in MSNs contain the α2, γ2 and a β subunit. In addition, there is evidence for the developmental increase of the α1 subunit that contributes to faster inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). Tonic GABAergic currents in MSNs from adult mice are carried by extrasynaptic receptors containing the α4 and δ subunit, while in younger mice this current is mediated by receptors that contain the α5 subunit. Both forms of tonic currents are differentially expressed in D1+ and D2+ MSNs. This study extends these findings by relating presynaptic activation with pharmacological analysis of inhibitory conductance in mice where the β3 subunit is conditionally removed in fluorescently labeled D2+ MSNs and in mice with global deletion of the δ subunit. Our results show that responses to low doses of gaboxadol (2μM), a GABAA receptor agonist with preference to δ subunit, are abolished in the δ but not the β3 subunit knock out mice. This suggests that the β3 subunit is not a component of the adult extrasynaptic receptor pool, in contrast to what has been shown for tonic current in young mice. Deletion of the β3 subunit from D2+ MSNs however, removed slow spontaneous IPSCs, implicating its role in mediating synaptic input
Increasing Student Interest and Comprehension of Production Planning and Control and Operations Performance Measurement Concepts Using a Production Line Game.

Production planning and control (PPC) systems and operations performance measures are topics that students generally find both boring and difficult to understand. In the article, the authors present a production line game that they have found to be an effective tool to increase student interest in the topics as well as student comprehension. The game demonstrates the interactions of four basic PPC systems with various operations performance measures. Evidence of increased student comprehension and interest is provided.
Particulate iron and the nepheloid layer in the western North Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Greatly increased concentrations of particulate iron were found within 1000 m of the bottom in the northwest Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico (6 times and 3 to 4 times the average of shallower water, respectively) while only slightly increased concentrations were found within 1000 m of the bottom in the Caribbean and western Gulf of Mexico (2 times the average concentration in shallower water). These distributions agree with published light-scattering studies of deep ocean water, and are hemical evidence of a near-bottom nepheloid layer. It is concluded that the increase in the near-bottom concentrations of particulate iron is not a water mass effect, but arises from interaction of water with the bottom.
Resistance of the shell membrane and mineral layer to diffusion of oxygen and water in flexible-shelled eggs of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina).

Abstract At oviposition, flexible eggshells of many turtles have an outer mineral layer and an inner membrane layer of approximately equal thickness. We measured conductances of both layers to H 2 O and O 2 at various levels of eggshell hydration. Both the mineral layer of the eggshell and the shell membrane offer significant resistance to diffusion of water vapor and oxygen in eggshells of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina . Conductance to water vapor increases in both the membrane and mineral layer with increasing hydration of the eggshell, but conductance to oxygen decreases under similar conditions. Removal of the mineral layer increases conductance to oxygen in moist and dry eggshells, but decreases conductance at intermediate levels of dehydration. Removal of the mineral layer consistently increases conductance to water vapor. The eggshell membrane accounts for 24–26% of overall resistance to diffusion of water vapor. These results suggest that bulk flow of H 2 O or physical changes in the shell may interact with diffusion to limit gas exchange through the turtle eggshell.
A Sufi Saint in Sixteenth-Century East Turkistan: New Evidence Concerning the Life of Khwāja Isḥāq

The rise of Khwāja Isḥāq, one of the most influential figures in the history of Central Asian Sufism, has often been explained by the patronage of particular royals. This “royal patron” model has, however, been based on a flawed reading of hagiographical sources by which crucial questions of genre are overlooked in the effort of mining these complex narratives for apparent historical facts. New evidence, presented here, allows us to question the “royal patron” model, along with the commonly-accepted chronology of Khwāja Isḥāq's life, and calls for a different approach to Sufi hagiography as a historical source.
Psychosocial Distress Screening: Application of the Oncology Standard to HCT

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S374eS390 S387 Discussion & Implications: Staff engagement is essential in hospital efforts and evidence-based practices to improve quality of care for optimal patient outcomes. Nursing leadership is instrumental in providing structure, consistency, and specific feedback on progress as well as real time CLABSI rates to the team. CLABSIs are common and can be fatal in the transplant population. Continued surveillance of techniques and practices learned are ongoing and monitored for compliance. Improvements in all aspects of nursing carewith meticulous infection control techniques and environmental monitoring is essential for improved patient outcomes and reducing CLABSI rates in a bone marrow transplant population.
A Culturally Sensitive Interview Guide for Social Work Faculty Searches.

Based on a review of employment practice literature, social work has not addressed the interviewing process in faculty hiring. Recently, the demand for social work educators has drawn many social work educators to respond to faculty searches. This study focuses on how the legal questions used in the United States for interviewing faculty candidates can be expanded in developing strategies in faculty interviews within certain culturally sensitive parameters. Based on 19 areas of interview questions from the standard legal perspective found in the literature, both culturally and ethnically sensitive and insensitive questions are suggested to be included as an interview guide. After analyzing the items in this newly developed interview guide, the reader can assess the appropriateness of the questions to each candidate, so that hiring of faculty is done fairly and ethically in the hiring process.
Targeting aggressive B-cell lymphomas with cell-penetrating peptides

DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Current therapy for patients includes chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies. Although oncogene-targeted therapy is dramatically successful for patients with certain kinds of leukaemias, there are no such agents yet for DLBCL. One reason for this is that several key oncogenes involved in DLBCL pathogenesis are transcription factors, which are difficult to therapeutically target with small molecules. Recent advances in the structural and functional characterization of DLBCL oncogenes have facilitated design of CPPs (cellpenetrating peptides) with potent inhibitory effects on DLBCL and other aggressive lymphomas. CPPs targeting the Bcl (B-cell lymphoma)-6, Bcl-2, Myc and NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) oncogenic pathways, among others, could improve efficacy and reduce toxicity of anti-lymphoma therapy. Another barrier towards effective therapy in DLBCL is its profound molecular heterogeneity. Combinatorial administration of oncogene-targeted CPPs based on the molecular profiles of individual patient tumours could allow individualized targeted therapy regimens to be developed.
Active acquisition of user models: Implications for decision-theoretic dialog planning and plan recognition

This article investigates the implications ofactive user model acquisition upon plan recognition, domain planning, and dialog planning in dialog architectures. A dialog system performs active user model acquisition by querying the user during the course of the dialog. Existing systems employ passive strategies that rely on inferences drawn from passive observation of the dialog. Though passive acquisition generally reduces unnecessary dialog, in some cases the system can effectively shorten the overall dialog length by selectively initiating subdialogs for acquiring information about the user.
Novel approach for high-speed convolution

Convolution of an image is indispensable in many image processing applications, but it is a time-consuming process. In general the convolution mask is restricted the size of 15 by 15 because of its computation time. Many approaches are attempted to reduce the convolution processing time using hardware and software algorithms. But they are restricted in specific application. In this paper, a novel approach is presented. This method is realized by simplifying the convolution process. The convolution mask is approximated and decomposed to more simple form, K convolutions with constant mask value respectively. K is the number of levels of approximation, which is less than or equal to (N+1)/2, where N is the original mask size. Calculation process is reconstructed to reduce recursive multiplications. And cumulative image, which contains sum of pixel values of the rectangle area from the origin to each pixel, is prepared for this process. Processing time is dramatically reduced and resulting image is similar to the one by original convolution mask. For 13 by 13 mask convolution, new method is above 20 times faster than conventional one.
First known report of food hypersensitivity or atopy in a person with the Prader-Willi syndrome

Abstract Rationale We report the first known case of food allergy or atopy in the Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Methods A case report followed by a summary of the literature. Results At 17 months of age our patient developed urticaria after eating egg on three occasions, with one episode of hoarseness. He had a strongly positive immediate egg skin test. He underwent a successful egg elimination diet, made difficult by the marked hyperphagia characteristic of the syndrome. A serum IgE Immunocap was negative to egg mix at age 41 months. He subsequently had a positive food challenge to egg at age 44 months with urticaria. PWS has an incidence of one in 10-15,000 live births. Affected persons develop hyperphagia at 1 to 6 years of age, with extreme food seeking behavior. Prader-Willi is caused by an alteration of the chromosomal material in q11-13 of chromosome 15. There are no reported cases of food allergy or urticaria in PWS. There are also no reported cases of anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or asthma in persons with this syndrome. Medline searches were done combining these conditions from 1966-present. Conclusions We report the first case of food allergy or atopy in PWS. Food allergy and atopy may be less common in PWS than the general population since there are no other cases in the literature. The hyperphagia characteristic of this syndrome makes a strict food elimination diet difficult. As this boy matures, the food seeking behaviors associated with this syndrome might place him at serious risk of anaphylaxis.
Moving Beyond Test-Prep Pedagogy: Dialoguing With Multicultural Preservice Teachers for a Quality Education

In a “post-NCLB era,” the schooling experiences of mostly low-income students of color continue to be consumed by a test-prep pedagogy—narrowed curriculum, low expectations, and ignored relationships. In this article the author describes a pedagogical approach using educational dialogues to engage preservice teachers to critically define a quality education.
Multiple Photonic Band Gaps in 1D Fibonacci Systems

A new multilayer system based on a one-dimensional (1-D) Fibonacci sequence that can generate multiple photonic band gaps (MPBG) is presented. The structures are straightforward to make. Its potential for various applications is also discussed.
Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty: the Hospital for Special Surgery experience

The mini-incision technique is not a radically new technique. The surgeon familiar with the posterior approach will immediately appreciate the inherent similarities. The technique can be developed on a graduated basis by individual surgeons. The surgeon should begin by documenting the length of his or her current routine incision, and then the incision can be progressively reduced in length at a rate that is comfortable. At no time is it necessary to compromise the goals of the procedure because of inadequate visualization. The mini-incision is not for every patient. Obese individuals (BMI> 30), patients with very muscular thighs, stiff hips, or severe deformity may not be candidates for an 8-cm incision, but familiarity with this technique allows even these patients to be operated on through a smaller incision than the traditional 20-25 cm. The initial drive for shorter incisions was a result of patient concerns regarding the cosmesis of the scars and the desire for a more rapid recovery. Subsequent development of the technique and clinical analysis over the last 7 years has shown that THA can be performed safely and effectively through a mini-incision in most patients. So far the author shave found no increased risk for intraoperative or postoperative complications and no problems with component malposition. Longer follow-up is required to determine the long-term outcome; however, in the short term, patients have less blood loss, shorter operative times, and a reduced incidence of limp and cane use at 6 weeks.
Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO2 and implications for carbon cycle research

[1] We used a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model to investigate several aspects of column CO2 that are important for the design of new satellite-based observation systems and for the interpretation of observations collected by Sun-viewing spectrometers. These aspects included the amplitude of the diurnal cycle and how it is related to surface fluxes, the amplitude and phase of the seasonal cycle, and the magnitude of the north-south hemispheric gradient. In our simulation, we found that column CO2 had less variability than surface CO2 on all scales. The annual mean column CO2 north-south gradient and seasonal cycle amplitude were approximately one half of their surface counterparts and the column CO2 diurnal amplitude rarely exceeded 1 ppm. A 1 Gt C yr−1 Northern Hemisphere carbon sink decreased the north-south column CO2 gradient by ∼0.4 ppm.
Energy storage technologies for residential buildings

AbstractResidential buildings are mostly sensitive to climatic conditions; building envelopes work as the interface between indoor and outdoor environments, preventing heat gain in the summer and heat loss in the winter. Proper use of energy storage technologies may reduce greatly the energy needs in residential dwellings while delivering better indoor environment quality. This paper provides a brief review of several energy storage technologies, both active and passive, for residential building applications. Particular attention is paid to the usage of phase change materials (PCMs), which have been studied for a few decades with a recent growing interest. Modeling methods of PCM-embedded wall systems are reviewed comparatively and a new simulation program is developed that can simulate the thermal and energy performance of PCM-embedded walls and buildings in a more stable and fast manner. The paper also presents a case study that integrates PCM with the traditional kang heating system for the residential...
THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN GONADAL AND GONADOTROPIC HORMONES ON THE GESTATION PERIOD OF THE RAT1

As early as 1926, Teel (1) found that gestation was prolonged in rats injected with a crude alkaline extract of beef hypophyses. He stated that the fetuses lived up to or beyond term and then died within the uterus due to a failure of the birth mechanism. Hain (2), D'Amour and Dumont (3), Evans and Simpson (4) have obtained the same results with relatively crude unfractionated hypophyseal extracts. Hain (2) reported prolonged gestation with phyone, but Watts (5) showed that GH free of gonadotropic substances would not inhibit parturition. Hoopes and King (6) prevented parturition with prolan B. It seems, therefore, that this action is associated with the gonadotropic principle, but it is still not known whether parturition is inhibited by the gonadotropic principle directly or whether it acts indirectly through the ovaries. It was hoped that the following experiments would contribute some further data as to the manner in which the birth mechanism is disturbed by gonadotropic substances.
Ecology and evolution of Jurassic trigoniid bivalves in Europe

A modern palaeobiological approach to the taxonomy, making full allowance for a wide range of variation, has allowed the distinction of 22 Jurassic trigoniid species in Europe, grouped into 7 genera. Most species were confined to shallow marine habitats ranging up to a few tens of metres in depth but were adapted to low energy environments as well as environments of moderate to high energy. The presence of external ornament on the shell flanks was probably an adaptation to facilitate burrowing, but in the absence of useful external ornament other adaptations to increase burrowing efficiency may have been realized by the development of an elongate shape. Because their occurrence in Jurassic strata is only intermittent, confident inferences on evolutionary patterns are limited to the two commonest genera, Trigonia and Myophorella. Phyletic size increase has been recognized in the latter but not the former genus. The calculated species longevities correspond fairly closely with those established for Jurassic bivalve species in general. The mode of speciation is dominantly punctuational, but only one likely example of species splitting is recognized.
Diabetes Self-Management Education for African Americans: Using the PEN-3 Model to Assess Needs

Background African Americans are 2.2 times more likely to die from diabetes than whites. Culturally sensitive diabetes self-management education (DSME) is an approach to respond to this problem. Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study is to assess African Americans' experiences managing type 2 diabetes. Results from this study will guide the development of a DSME intervention. Methods Two focus groups with African Americans over the age of 18 (N = 17) were conducted. Sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using content analysis and comparative method. The thematic findings were applied to the PEN-3 Cultural Framework. Findings In the relationships and expectations domain, perceptions affecting disease management were feeling highly confident, fears about diabetes complications, and denial. Positive enablers were religion and social support. Negative enablers were disliking needles, time consumption, and cost of healthy foods. Nurturers consisted of family, friends, and heal...
Suture extrusion in small arteries and veins.

One longitudinally orientated microsuture was implanted in the femoral artery and vein of 40 rats and harvested at 4 different time intervals (2, 8, 12, 18 weeks). The tissue section containing the most luminal portion of suture loop was chosen and submitted for analysis. Two parameters, one estimating the suture location in the vessel wall relative to the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and a second, estimating the magnitude of the intimal response at the suture site were addressed. Average suture location changed significantly over time. The suture tended to be exteriorized or extruded from its once luminal location within the intima to a position located within the adventitia. Veins exhibited a greater incidence of suture extrusion than arteries. The maximum magnitude of the intimal cellular response occurred in the 2 week time interval. Significant decreases (p<0.05) in the thickness of the intima was observed in each subsequent time interval for both arteries and veins. The results of this experiment i...
The Implementation of Mental Health Clinical Triage Systems in University Health Services

Abstract The increase in the level of severity of student psychological difficulties and the growing need for psychological services in higher education settings has placed considerable pressure on college and university mental health services to respond effectively to this demand. One way several of these services have responded has been to implement clinical triage systems. Though these systems have been well developed in physical health settings, their use in mental health services, especially higher education mental health settings, are still novel. The present article outlines the processes and procedures involved in developing and implementing a clinical triage system through the perspectives of two sites. Issues addressed include how a mental health service moves to the utilization of a clinical triage system, the processes and components involved in the successful transition to a clinical triage system, the impact on the campus and a discussion of the risk management implications of implementing a...
Long-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) on Facial Lines: A Comparison in Identical Twins

Objective: To evaluate the presence of imprinted facial lines in identical twin sisters, one of whom had received botulinum toxin type A (Botox) treatment in the forehead and glabellar region regul...
Adsorption of CF4 on the internal and external surfaces of opened single-walled carbon nanotubes: a vibrational spectroscopy study.

Infrared spectroscopy has been used to make the first experimental discrimination between molecules bound by physisorption on the exterior surface of carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and molecules bound in the interior. In addition, the selective displacement of the internally bound molecules has been observed as a second adsorbate is added. SWNTs were opened by oxidative treatment with O3 at room temperature, followed by heating in a vacuum to 873 K. It was found that, at 133 K and 0.033 Torr, CF4 adsorbs on closed SWNTs, exhibiting its ν3 asymmetric stretching mode at 1267 cm-1 (red shift relative to the gas phase, 15 cm-1). Adsorption on the nanotube exterior is accompanied by adsorption in the interior in the case of opened SWNTs. Internally bound CF4 exhibits its ν3 mode at 1247 cm-1 (red shift relative to the gas phase, 35 cm-1). It was shown that, at 133 K, Xe preferentially displaces internally bound CF4 species, and this counterintuitive observation was confirmed by molecular simulations. T...
From 3D scene geometry to human workspace

We present a human-centric paradigm for scene understanding. Our approach goes beyond estimating 3D scene geometry and predicts the "workspace" of a human which is represented by a data-driven vocabulary of human interactions. Our method builds upon the recent work in indoor scene understanding and the availability of motion capture data to create a joint space of human poses and scene geometry by modeling the physical interactions between the two. This joint space can then be used to predict potential human poses and joint locations from a single image. In a way, this work revisits the principle of Gibsonian affor-dances, reinterpreting it for the modern, data-driven era.
MRI of adsorbed water in solid foams at 21.1 T

In a number of practical situations there is a critical need to evaluate the distribution of small amounts of water absorbed throughout a solid foam sample. One of these pertains to Spray On Foam Insulation (SOFI) NCFI 24124, a thermal insulation material used on the liquid hydrogen and oxygen tanks of the Space Shuttle at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). However, several problems including infinitesimal amounts of water and inevitable water binding to the foam makes the MR signal weak especially for high resolution MRI. The 900 MHz ultra wide bore (UWB) NMR spectrometer at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) provides a unique opportunity to perform this evaluation due to its high MRI sensitivity at 21.1 T and its ability to examine large volume samples. The recent upgrade of the UWB900 MHz MRI scanner (August, 2010), allows for ultra-short echo time (UTE) 3D MRI performance. The standard MR imaging technique in this case is not suitable, as it will yield a zero signal. Here we report the first 3D MR images of bound water and water content in solid foam NCFI 24124 samples conditioned to match launch pad conditions.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth Of Silicon Devices

Silicon growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy has great advantages for device fabrication. It can readily provide doping profiles with arbitrary and complex shapes, in any sequence, with abrupt transitions without smearing or compensation. Excellent depth and doping control results for layer thickness down to a few angstroms. Examples are shown of profiles that have already been grown for varactor diodes, avalanche and tunnel diodes, a low barrier Schottky diode and an n-p-n bipolar transistor.
Restitution of contractility in single ventricular myocytes of guinea pig heart.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the extent to which changes in intracellular Ca2+ stores contribute to mechanical restitution in heart muscle. Methods: Single, isolated guinea pig ventricular cells were voltage clamped at −45 mV and stimulated continuously at 0.5 or 2 Hz with 200 ms depolarizing pulses (35 °C). The recoveries of the peak of contraction force ( F P) and the calcium current ( I Ca) between beats were measured in contractions interpolated at various intervals ( t d) after a conditioning twitch. Recovery of SR Ca2+ load was inferred from the peak magnitude ( C pp) of similarly interpolated contractures, induced by rapid application of 5 mM caffeine. Results: For a conditioning stimulus rate of 0.5 Hz, both F p and I Ca were very small for small td and recovered along similar time courses with a t1/2 of about 50 ms. Cp was maximal at as early a time after a previous contraction as could be measured, at which time F p was 56% of maximal. C p declined throughout the stimulus interval to about 50% of its maximal value. Similar results were obtained for a conditioning stimulus rate of 2 Hz, at which rate both F p and Cp were increased by a factor of 2. Conclusions: The time course of mechanical restitution is coincident with the recovery of I Ca from inactivation. Caffeine-releasable intracellular calcium stores are fully recovered soon after a contraction and well before mechanical restitution is complete.
A Compact Modular High Voltage System for Phototube and MWPC Applications

This high voltage system consists of a 64 channel CAMAC control module and various power modules which can optionally be located in CAMAC crates. Power is generated by VMOS transistors in a high frequency, high efficiency circuit. A table driven processor in the control module provides a variety of self-monitoring features without the software complexity of a microprocessor.
Microglial aging in the healthy CNS: phenotypes, drivers, and rejuvenation

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration, share two characteristics in common: 1) a disease prevalence that increases markedly with advancing age, and 2) neuroinflammatory changes in which microglia, the primary resident immune cell of the CNS, feature prominently. These characteristics have led to the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms underlying age-related neurodegenerative disease involve aging changes in microglia. If correct, targeting features of microglial senescence may constitute a feasible therapeutic strategy. This review explores this hypothesis and its implications by considering the current knowledge on how microglia undergo change during aging and how the emergence of these aging phenotypes relate to significant alterations in microglial function. Evidence and theories on cellular mechanisms implicated in driving senescence in microglia are reviewed, as are “rejuvenative” measures and strategies that aim to reverse or ameliorate the aging microglial phenotype. Understanding and controlling microglial aging may represent an opportunity for elucidating disease mechanisms and for formulating novel therapies.
Non-equilibrium nanosecond-pulsed plasma generation in the liquid phase (water, PDMS) without bubbles: fast imaging, spectroscopy and leader-type model

In this paper we report the results on study of the non-equilibrium nanosecond discharge generation in liquid media. Here we studied the discharge in both water and silicon transformer oil, and present our findings on discharge behaviour depending on global (applied) electric, discharge emission spectrum and shadow imaging of the discharge. We also discuss possible scenarios of non-equilibrium nanosecond discharge development and suggest that the discharge operates in a leader-type regime supported by the electrostriction effect—creation of nano-sized pores in liquid due to high local electric field.
Non-Contact Measurement of Periodic Movements by a 22-40GHz Radar Sensor Using Nonlinear Phase Modulation

A non-contact detection technique of measuring both the frequency and the amplitude of periodic movement using the property of nonlinear phase modulation is proposed and demonstrated by a 22-40 GHz radar sensor. It is shown that this method has the following advantages: (1) no calibration of signal amplitude required for accurate measurement of movement amplitude; (2) ability of self-verification; (3) very simple architecture. The method can be used to detect movements with amplitudes larger than 0.335 of the carrier wavelength for a fixed carrier frequency system and 0.214 of the minimum carrier wavelength for a frequency tunable system. By analyzing and simulating the wide angle incidence effect, it is shown that a proper choice of radio frequency, measurement distance, and antenna pattern can ensure accurate measurement of movement amplitudes.
Constraint-Based Control of Boiler Efficiency: A Data-Mining Approach

In this paper, a data-mining approach is used to develop a model for optimizing the efficiency of an electric-utility boiler subject to operating constraints. Selection of process variables to optimize combustion efficiency is discussed. The selected variables are critical for control of combustion efficiency of a coal-fired boiler in the presence of operating constraints. Two schemes of generating control settings and updating control variables are evaluated. One scheme is based on the controllable and noncontrollable variables. The second one incorporates response variables into the clustering process. The process control scheme based on the response variables produces the smallest variance of the target variable due to reduced coupling among the process variables. An industrial case study and its implementation illustrate the control approach developed in this paper
Departmental relationships and images within the university

Abstract It is contended that the foremost condition for the survival and ultimate success of departments is the development of qualitatively superior images and relationships within the university, and that excellence at that level must normally precede or accompany significant recognition at regional, national, and international scales. Aggressive participation by geographers is advocated in matters involving relationships with other disciplines, the university decision‐making process, concerns of students, alumni and developmental activities, and creation of a superior curriculum. A series of operational principles, called ‘bewares’, is suggested to guide the internal management of departments that seek excellence at any level.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSIT: SAN GABRIEL VALLEY SMART SHUTTLE FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST

Results of the San Gabriel Valley Smart Shuttle (SGVSS) field operational test (FOT) are presented. Results are drawn from a comprehensive evaluation of the FOT conducted over a 3-year period. The SGVSS attempted to integrate services of three local municipal public transit operators and a regional fixed-route operator via networked computer-assisted dispatching, automated vehicle location, and mobile data terminals. The integrated system was never fully deployed. The history of the project is described, and an analysis of the FOT is presented. Outcomes are explained by the following: (a) origination of the project in a different location and with a different service concept, (b) time and budget constraints imposed by the original FOT, (c) limited commitment on the part of some project participants, (d) lack of clear project goals and objectives, (e) software and hardware technical problems, and (f) problems with contracting and management. The FOT provides many insights into the challenges of service integration. Lessons learned are described.
The Gα Protein ODR-3 Mediates Olfactory and Nociceptive Function and Controls Cilium Morphogenesis in C. elegans Olfactory Neurons

The Gi/Go-like G alpha protein ODR-3 is strongly and selectively implicated in the function of C. elegans olfactory and nociceptive neurons. Either loss of odr-3 function or overexpression of odr-3 causes severe olfactory defects, and odr-3 function is essential in the ASH neurons that sense noxious chemical and mechanical stimuli. In the nociceptive neurons, ODR-3 may interact with OSM-9, a channel similar to the mammalian capsaicin receptor implicated in pain sensation; in AWC olfactory neurons, ODR-3 may interact with another signal transduction pathway. ODR-3 exhibits an unexpected ability to regulate morphogenesis of the olfactory cilia. In odr-3 null mutants, the fan-like AWC cilia take on a filamentous morphology like normal AWA cilia, whereas ODR-3 overexpression in AWA transforms its filamentous cilia into a fan-like morphology.
RQ-Tech method for user-involved software development

One of the most perplexing issues facing the United States Department of Defense (DoD) is defining and documenting business processes as a precursor to system and software development. The Reusable Quality Technical Architectures (RQ-Tech) Methodology creates a virtual business environment that empowers business process owners (users) with tools and techniques for modeling requirements in a user-friendly architectural framework. Once a few simple rules are conveyed, the users' model can grow as rapidly as they can search, name, click, and save. RQ-Tech fills the ever-widening gap between DoD- and Coalition Partner-users (requirements generators) and system and software developers (capability providers) by invoking an “XML translator” disguised as the user's planning environment. RQ-Tech updates a proven modeling technique for documenting processes, controls and mechanisms; while simplifying the model presentation.
Searching for genetic determinants of human aging and longevity: opportunities and challenges.

Abstract One way of testing possible causal relationships between various functional pathways and aging and longevity processes is to comparatively analyze groups of elderly individuals with select phenotypes for sequence variation in all genes participating in these pathways. Such direct association analysis to identify ‘candidate pathways’ in aging and longevity is theoretically feasible, with the complete sequence of the human genome known and massive gene annotation projects underway. To find all possible sequence variation of a large number of genes in aging populations, efficient genotyping methods are needed. Here, we describe the use of one such method, two-dimensional gene scanning (TDGS), for screening populations of centenarians and controls for polymorphic variation in the large BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene.
Orthopedic examination in the cat: clinical tips for ruling in/out common musculoskeletal disease

Patient group The majority of cats will develop radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease by the time they are 12 years of age, and many will suffer from a decline in quality of life asso...
75Se in rat intracellular liver fractions

Abstract Liver-cell fractionation studies showed 75 Se present in all the fractions studied. The uptake of total 75 Se, representing protein and non-protein bound, was greatest in the soluble fraction, followed by the mitochondria, the microsomes and the nuclei, respectively, over time intervals ranging from 1 min to 3 weeks. In terms of protein-bound- selenium per unit of nitrogen, the greatest initial 75 Se concentration was found in the microsomal fraction. A significant amount of the microsomal selenium was present in the ribonucleoprotein fraction. A possible intracellular-metabolic pathway for the incorpotion of selenium into the various intracellular liver fractions is presented.