cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of .18% iodine teat dip against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae.

Abstract Effective postmilking teat dip products with lower iodine concentrations are being formulated as concern increases about iodine residues in milk. Increased free iodine concentration with greater germicidal activity in teat dip products is also possible with special formulation procedures. Low iodine concentration dips are cheaper and have reduced teat irritation. A concentrated iodine teat dip containing .18% iodine and 8ppm free iodine upon dilution was evaluated under experimental bacterial challenge to determine efficacy for prevention of new intramammary infections. The undiluted product also contained 15% collagen protein emollient as a teat skin conditioner. Efficacy of the teat dip was 93.6 and 51.7% for Staphylococcus aureus (Newbould 305) and Streptococcus agalactiae (McDonald 44). No adverse effects of the dip on teat skin were noted.
Features of de Sitter vacua in M-theory

We compute the masses of all moduli in the unstable deSitter vacua arising in the toy model of cosmological M-theory flux compactifications on the G{sub 2} holonomy manifolds of [1]. The slow-roll parameters in the tachyonic directions are shown to be too large to be useful for conventional models of inflation. However, it appears that we can find fast roll regimes which could, under certain conditions, account for the current dark energy driven accelerated expansion of the universe.
Endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysmal disease with the helical iliac bifurcation device and the bifurcated-bifurcated iliac bifurcation device

Background Iliac branch device (IBD) treatment of common and internal iliac artery (CIA and IIA) aneurysms has been controversial in the context of available embolization techniques or off-label adjunctive procedures. Two devices exist, a straight IBD (S-IBD) and a helical IBD (H-IBD). We report our midterm results with the latter and present outcomes with a third device intended to treat disease in the presence of short CIAs termed the bifurcated-bifurcated IBD (BB-IBD). Methods Data were prospectively collected from IBD-treated patients with infrarenal aortoiliac or thoracoabdominal aortoiliac aneurysms. Preoperative aneurysmal characteristics were collected in accordance with the endovascular reporting standards document, including presence of IIA stenosis, CIA diameters, and the presence of an IIA aneurysm. Technical success was defined as IBD device placement, branch placement, and patency without type I or III endoleak at implantation in addition to 24 hours survival. Follow-up computed tomography scans at 1, 6 (optional), 12 months, and annually thereafter were performed and reinterventions, sac morphology changes, and endoleaks noted. Survival and patency were evaluated with life-table analyses, and differences among anatomic groups were compared with log-rank tests, whereas t-tests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare simple variables. Results Between 2003 and 2012, 138 IBD devices were placed into 130 patients (98 H-IBD and 40 BB-IBD). Median follow-up was 20.3 months (range, 1-72 months) with 30- day, 12-month, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 99%, 90%, 79%, and 62%, respectively. Technical success was 94%, and branch patency was 94.6% at 30 days and 81.8% at 5 years. Thirty-five percent (35%) of branches were placed into patients with IIA aneurysms (in addition to their proximal disease), 20% into stenotic IIAs, and 46% into iliac systems with narrow ( Conclusions The H-IBD and BB-IBD configurations have high technical success and acceptable long-term patency for the treatment of CIA and IIA aneurysms, including those with challenging anatomy difficult to treat with the straight branch design.
Welcome to the 2014 IEEE SOI-3DI-subthreshold microelectronics technology unified conference (S3S)

Last year we entered into a new era as the IEEE S3S Conference. The transition from the IEEE International SOI Conference to the IEEE S3S conference was successful by any measurement. The first year of the new conference leading-edge experts from 3D Integration, Sub-threshold Microelectronics and SOI fields gathered and we established a world class international venue to present, learn and debate about these exciting topics. The overall participation at the first year of the new conference grew by over 50%, and the overall quality and quantity of the technical content grew even more. This year we are looking forward to continuing to enhance the content of the 2014 S3S Conference. On Monday, Oct. 6 we will feature two Short Courses that will run in parallel. Short courses are an educational venue where new comers can gain overview and generalists can learn more details about new and timely topics. The short course on Monolithic 3D will be a full day deep dive into the topic of three-dimensional integration without the use of stacking patterned wafers by using through vias. Already there are extremely successful examples of monolithic 3D Flash Memory. Looking beyond this initial application, we will explore the application of monolithic 3D to alternate memories like RRAM, CMOS systems with silicon and other channel materials like III V. In addition, a significant portion of the short course will be dedicated to the exciting opportunity of Monolithic 3D in the context of CMOS Logic. The other short course we will offer this year is entitled Power Efficient Chip Technology. This short course will address several key aspects of power-efficiency including low power transistors and circuits. The course will also review in detail the impact of design and architecture on the energy-efficiency of systems. The short course chairs as well as the instructors are world class leading experts from the most prestigious industry and academic institutions.
The Space Group and Reference Powder Diffraction Data for Tetracycline Hydrochloride, C22H24N2O8HC1

Based on analysis of its powder diffraction pattern, tetracycline hydrochloride is orthorhombic; the space group is probably P212121(19) or P21212(18). Indexed powder data and refined cell parameters are presented.
University, industry, government partnerships for improvement of response to social needs

In the present era, we have grown acutely aware of the importance of broadening education and research opportunities on a global scale. There is general recognition that the conditions for the improvement of human welfare, the maintenance of a healthy, growing economy, and prospects for peaceful coexistence are all enhanced by a vigorous educational system across the entire spectrum—from preschool to postdoctoral education. In this presentation our focus is upon graduate education and research and more specifically the development of partnerships between universities, industries, and governments to enhance the output of knowledge through research and to expedite the transition of basic research to the implementation of this new knowledge for the benefit of society. This tripartite partnership—university, industry, and government—grows in significance as we witness modern day advances in science, technology, and engineering: the revolution in information storage, retrieval, and dissemination; the application of recombinant DNA and other ‘high technologies’ for practical purposes; the increased interdependence among nations; the periodic threats to peaceful coexistence. Strong programs in graduate education and research require substantial resources, resources by way of human talent and resources in terms of supplies and physical equipment. Co-operative programs among universities, government, and industry provide for a synergistic utilization of resources. In addition there is also an improved environment for establishing an effective continuum between basic and applied research. Examples of several tripartite arrangements are presented.
Ion Beam-Assisted Deposition of Boron Nitride from a Condensed Layer of Diborane and Ammonia at 78 K

This paper examines the ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) of thin boron nitride films using cryogenically condensed precursors. Low energy (1100 eV) argon ad (2000 eV) deuterated ammonia beams with currents of 600--850 nA were used to mix and initiate reactions in frozen (90 K) layers of diborane (B{sub 2}H{sub 6} and ammonia (NH{sub 3}) or only B{sub 2}H{sub 6}, respectively. The resulting film is shown to be an amorphous BN coating approximately 30 {Angstrom} thick.
Noninvasive techniques for measuring body elemental composition : State of the art and future prospects.

In the past 20 yr, in vivo analysis of body elements by neutron activation has become an important tool in medical research. In particular, it provides a much needed means to make quantitative assessments of body composition of human beings in vivo. The data are useful both for basic physiological understanding and for diagnosis and management of a variety of diseases and disorders. This paper traces the development of the in vivo neutron activation technique from basic systems to the present state of the art facilities. A scan of some of the numerous clinical applications that have been made with this technique reveals the broad potentialities of in vivo neutron activation. The paper also considers alternative routes of future development and raises some of the questions now faced in making the technique more widely available to both medical practitioners and medical investigtors.In vivo neutron activation has opened a new era of both clinical diagnosis and therapy evaluation, and investigation into the modeling of body composition. The techniques are new, but it is already clear that considerable strides can be made in increasing accuracy and precision, increasing the number of elements susceptible to measurement, and reducing the dose required for the measurement.
Analysis of alkaloids in opium

Abstract A rapid analytical procedure for the separation and quantification of the major alkaloids of opium is reported. Separation was effected by Celite column chromatography. Codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine were eluted in one fraction with an ether—light petroleum (b.p. 30–60°C) mixture while morphine was eluted in a second fraction with a chloroform—diethylamine mixture. Quantification was performed by isothermal gas chromatography. The group of four alkaloids (fraction I) was analyzed directly on a 3% OV-1 column, while the morphine (fraction II) required derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide prior to its analysis on a 3% OV-1 column. Good reproducibility and linearity were obtained.
MIXED LOGIT WITH REPEATED CHOICES: HOUSEHOLDS' CHOICES OF APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY LEVEL

Mixed logit models, also called random-parameters or error-components logit, are a generalization of standard logit that do not exhibit the restrictive “independence from irrelevant alternatives” property and explicitly account for correlations in unobserved utility over repeated choices by each customer. Mixed logits are estimated for households' choices of appliances under utility-sponsored programs that offer rebates or loans on high-efficiency appliances.
Fire Department Attended and Unattended Fires: Estimates from the 2004–2005 National Sample Survey and Comparison with Previous Surveys

Previous national surveys in 1974 and 1984 have shown that although attended and unattended fires differed substantially in severity and fire losses, there were between 10 and 29 unwanted residential fires for every fire reported to, or attended by, U.S. fire departments. The study objective was to obtain new estimates of fires not attended by fire departments. Interest in unattended fires derives from the understanding that most fires begin small, then unless controlled, grow until fire department assistance is needed. To update these analyses, a national telephone survey was conducted during 2004 and 2005. The survey had 916 respondents who reported one or more residential fires during the previous 90-day period. The principal methodological issues in analyzing the survey data included: (1) determining the optimum recall period to balance sampling variance and bias, and (2) imputing incompletely specified fire dates. The resulting estimates were 7.2 million unattended residential fires per year, a 69% decrease from the 1984 survey estimate of 22.9 million fires. During the same time period, fire department attended residential fires decreased by 36%. The greater decrease in unattended fires is at variance with the conjecture in the 1984 survey that increasing availability of smoke alarms would result in more fires detected at an earlier stage when they could be controlled by residents; a conjecture that would predict a greater decrease in attended rather than unattended fires.
Solvates of some methyllead compounds and their 207PbCH3 coupling constants

Abstract Some solvates of the trimethyllead(IV) cation and dimethyllead(IV) cation have been prepared and their structures investigated by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Solvates have been isolated with one or two solvent molecules coordinated to trimethyllead(IV) cation and two or four solvent molecules coordinated to dimethyllead(IV) cation. The effect of solvent on J ( 207 Pb–CH 2 ) in the trimethyllead cation has been found to be similar to the effect of solvent on J (Tl–CH 3 ) in the dimethylthallium(III) cation.
Hierarchically Structured ZnO Film for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Energy Conversion Efficiency

The interest in dye-sensitized solar cells has increased due to reduced energy sources and higher energy production costs. For the most part, titania (TiO2) has been the material of choice for dye-sensitized solar cells and so far have shown to exhibit the highest overall light conversion efficiency ~ 11%.[1] However, zinc oxide (ZnO) has recently been explored as an alternative material in dye-sensitized solar cells with great potential.[2] The main reasons for this increase in research surrounding ZnO material include: 1) ZnO having a band gap similar to that for TiO2 at 3.2 eV,[3] and 2) ZnO having a much higher electron mobility ~ 115-155 cm2/Vs[4] than that for anatase titania (TiO2), which is reported to be ~ 10-5 cm2/Vs.[5] In addition, ZnO has a few advantages as the semiconductor electrode when compared to TiO2, including 1) simpler tailoring of the nanostructure as compared to TiO2, and 2) easier modification of the surface structure. These advantages[6] are thought to provide a promising means for improving the solar cell performance of the working electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Ex vivo normothermic hemoperfusion of the canine pancreas: applications and limitations of a modified experimental preparation.

Ex vivo recirculation perfusion preparations of the canine pancreas are useful for the study of pancreatic physiology and exocrine secretory function. Vagaries of isolated ex vivo organ perfusion, however, require a thorough familiarity with available circulation media and component technology. Electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis can be facilitated by incorporating a dialysis unit into the perfusion circuit. Viability of the preparation is best assessed by constancy of vascular resistance and oxygen extraction during the period of perfusion. Limitations imposed by this closed method of organ perfusion on studies of pancreatic endocrine function and on duodenopancreatic hormonal interactions (enteroinsular axis) must be recognized.
A decentralized control strategy for freeway regulation

A multilevel decentralized control scheme, the cascading technique, with application to the regulation of traffic on an urban freeway is presented. Performance of the decentralized system is compared to the performance of a centralized and a fixed time control structure. It is shown that the decentralized structure performs better than the centralized structure when incidents (lane closures) occur on the freeway. The freeway is modeled in terms of the aggregate variables section density and section speed, and is considered as a system of interconnected subsystems. (Author/TRRL)
Consequences of the A l and C l Bailey transform and Bailey lemma

Abstract In this paper we study some applications of the higher-dimensional generalization of the Bailey transform, Bailey lemma, and iterative ‘Bailey chain’ concept in the setting of basic hypergeometric series very well-poised on unitary Al, or symplectic Cl, groups. The derivation of the Cl, case is closely related to the previous analysis of the unitary Al, case. Let G denote Al, or Cl. The G Bailey transform is obtained from a suitably modified G terminating very well-poised 4φ3 summation theorem and termwise transformations. It is then interpreted as a matrix inversion result for two infinite, lower-triangular matrices. This provides a higher-dimensional generalization of Andrews' matrix inversion formulation of the Bailey transform. As in the classical case, the concept of a G Bailey pair is introduced, and then inverted. This G inversion applied to the G terminating very well-poised 6φ5 summations yields G terminating balanced 3φ2 summations. The G Bailey lemma is obtained directly from a G terminating very well-poised 6φ5 summation theorem and the matrix inversion formulation of the G Bailey transform. It shows how to construct another G Bailey pair from an arbitrary G Bailey pair. The concepts of an ordinary G Bailey chain and a bilateral G Bailey chain are introduced. Finally, as an example, we give one Al, and one Cl, q-Whipple transformation, and some of their applications. These include G, q-Dougall summations and G 4φ3 sears transformations. The classical case of all this work, corresponding to Al or equivalently U (2), contains an immense amount of the theory and application of one-variable basic hypergeometric series.
Raman Studies of Underdamped Soft Modes in PbTi O 3

Unlike other ferroelectric perovskites, PbTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ displays temperature-dependent Raman spectra consisting of underdamped modes, including the "soft" transverse-optical (TO) modes. Moreover, the softest TO mode shows linewidth divergence at the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition. Also in contrast to previously studied perovskites, Raman selection rules are rigorously obeyed in both the ferroelectric and paraelectric states.
Stabilisation of metacarpal or metatarsal fractures in three dogs, using circular external skeletal fixation

Abstract CASE HISTORY: Three dogs that presented with multiple metacarpal or metatarsal fractures, between January 2004 and November 2008. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Case 1 had sustained closed fractures of metacarpal bones II–V, resulting in a valgus angulation of the manus. Case 2 had 2-week-old open, infected, comminuted diaphyseal fractures of metatarsal bones II–IV. Case 3 had sustained open fractures of metacarpal bones II–V, that were initially stabilised with intramedullary Kirschner wires, but had gone to non-union 5 months after the initial surgery. TREATMENT: Circular external skeletal fixation was used in each of the three dogs. In Case 1, the fixator was used to perform a closed reduction, to align the overridden, angulated fractured metacarpus, by distracting the frame. In Case 2, the fixator was applied after a limited open reduction, and was used to provide stable fixation of the comminuted infected fractures while facilitating open wound management. In Case 3, the fixator was applied in buttress ...
Diploid and haploid states of the glucocorticoid receptor gene of mouse lymphoid cell lines

Abstract A glucocorticoid-sensitive mouse thymoma line, W7, is compared to the mouse lymphoma line S49 which has been extensively used in studies of steroid action. Glucocorticoid-resistant variants are known to arise spontaneously at high rate from S49 (3.5 × 10 −6 per cell per generation) and at a frequency orders of magnitude lower in the case of W7 ( −9 ). The receptors of both cell lines have the same affinity for dexamethasone (K d = 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10 −8 M), but W7 cells contain twice the amount of glucocorticoid receptors present in S49 and are measurably more sensitive than S49 cells to dexamethasone. By selection for resistance to low concentrations of dexamethasone, derivatives of W7 have been isolated which are similar to S49 in that they have a higher resistance than the parental W7 line and approximately half the receptor content. Moreover, like S49, the partially resistant variants of W7 give rise to fully resistant derivatives at a high rate (2 × 10 −6 per cell per generation). These results suggest that a structural gene (r) coding for the receptor is present in two functional copies in W7 (r −,+ ), but in only one functional copy (r +/− ) in partially resistant derivatives of W7 and in S49. The gene dosage effect observed in these pseudodiploid lines indicates that the receptor gene, r, is autosomal, and that the inactivation of the r gene is a recessive genetic event. Consequences of the homozygous and heterozygous states of the receptor locus are discussed.
Establishing a Beachhead or Kicking up Sand

AbstractNAASR President William Arnal invited several members to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the future direction of the organization, as part of a Presidential Panel at the 2012 annual meeting. My assessment, in the essay that follows, is that, since its founding NAASR and its related publications, have continued to play an important role in differentiating the academic study of religion from the more theologically minded work with which it is often confused. In my view, what makes the academic study of religion a discipline, as opposed to merely a field of study, is a shared sustained scholarly conversation on theoretical and methodological issues; NAASR is an important home to that conversation.
A systematic review of social participation for adults with autism spectrum disorders: Support, social functioning, and quality of life ☆

Abstract A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate what is currently known about support for social participation for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A computerized database search followed by hand searching was conducted to locate empirical studies published after 1995 in peer-reviewed journals that described social participation or social support for adults with ASD. 14 studies were identified, evaluated for strength of evidence, and organized into topical themes. These studies focused on support for social participation from two perspectives: social functioning and quality of life (QoL). Supporting social functioning and social participation is important, as this is one route through which individuals with ASD may be able to form relationships and establish natural support networks, which can in turn contribute to QoL. In addition, working to improve social skills is of key importance as social functioning heavily impacts outcomes in a variety of areas. Social participation, social functioning, and QoL for adults with ASD appear to be facilitated through informal social support from social networks, participation in social skills groups, and membership in support groups.
Imagery with Coherent Optics

A technique of three-dimensional imagery has been developed, as an extension of the Gabor wavefront reconstruction process. The image produced is essentially a reconstitution of the original scene and exhibits many of its visual characteristics: parallax between near and more distant objects, a requirement to refocus the eyes when viewing objects in different parts of the scene, and finally, a three-dimensional effect equal to that obtained by ordinary stereo photography.
Comparative study of continuous wave and pulsed Nd:YAG laser using different fiber optic delivery systems on the lung

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cutting abilities and thermal effects of different fiber optic delivery systems on the lung, after varying the power levels and system modes. The Nd:YAG (1.064 micrometers ) laser was tested using 600 micrometers bare, and sculptured (600/300 micrometers cone and 1000 micrometers chamfer) fiber tips in the continuous wave (cw) and pulsed (P) modes. A standard porcine model (n equals 18) was used for this study. We did not observe any ablation in the noncontact mode with the 1000 micrometers chamfer (P and cw) and the 600 micrometers bare fiber, in pulsed mode. We observed tissue ablation in the contact mode for all fibers. In contact mode, there was no significant difference in the cutting width between the 600/300 micrometers cone, and 1000 micrometers chamfer. In the range of the parameters tested we observed no carbonization. There is an advantage using Nd:YAG laser and flexible fibers in minimal invasive thoracic surgery.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Steroid treatment in young MRL.MpJ-Faslpr autoimmune mice prevents cochlear dysfunction

Corticosteroid therapy reverses clinical autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, although little is known of how steroids restore normal auditory function. If suppression of systemic autoimmune processes underlies hearing restoration, then preventing autoimmune symptoms from developing should prevent cochlear dysfunction. MRL. MpJ-Fas(lpr) autoimmune mice were used to test this potential mechanism by initiating oral prednisolone treatment at 6 weeks of age, prior to autoimmune disease and hearing loss onset. The steroid treatment group was given prednisolone in their drinking water, while untreated controls were given tap water. Treatment continued for 7 months with periodic evaluations of cochlear function with auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry. Autoimmune mice given the steroid lived longer and did not develop levels of serum immune complexes seen in their untreated controls. Also, their ABR thresholds remained near normal throughout the 7 months of treatment, while untreated controls showed progressive threshold elevations typical for autoimmune disease. This correlation of suppressed systemic autoimmune activity and maintenance of normal cochlear function identifies one potential mechanism for autoimmune hearing loss and hearing restoration with steroid therapy. The autoimmune mouse should serve as a valuable model for future studies of the cochlear mechanisms responsive to steroid treatment in autoimmune hearing loss.
Relationships among Performances on Group Administered Items of Formal Reasoning

50 ninth grade students who ranged widely in language ability responded to 10 group-administered pencil-paper items requiring various components of formal reasoning (isolation and control of variables, proportional reasoning, combinatorial reasoning). Responses on the 10 items were scored as correct or incorrect. Summed scores were obtained for the three components of formal reasoning. Correlation coefficients among the 10 items ranged widely (.18 to .65) but were all substantial among the summed scores. A principal components analysis of the summed scores yielded one factor which accounted for 72.3% of the variance. It is argued that single items do not provide a large enough sample of subjects' reasoning to determine reliably level of intellectual development and that summed scores represent a better estimate. Viewed in this way the results were interpreted to be supportive of the Piagetian hypothesis that the various components of formal reasoning develop in synchrony.
Improvement of OPC accuracy for 65nm node contact using KIF

Decreasing k1 factors require improved empirical models for the most critical challenge at 65nm node, contact holes especially. These requirements are reflected in the need for increasingly accurate lithography contour simulations. One of the major contributors to final OPC accuracy is the quality of the optical model. In this study, a new approach to the calibration of an optical model by using KIF will be proposed based upon the real through scanners and steppers of illumination distribution and implement to the OPC kernel.
DaVinci-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the learning curve

ABSTRACT Objective: To define the learning curve for daVinci-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (DLP) at our institution. Methods: The data from 170 patients who underwent DLP between August 2002 and December 2004 by a single surgeon (MTG) were reviewed. Operative time, hemoglobin d ecrease, conversion to open procedure, positive margin rates, complications, length of stay (LOS), length of cathe terization, continence, and er ectile function were analyzed. Results: Hemoglobin decrease (p=0.11), positive margin rates (p=0.80), and early urinary continence (p=0.17) did not significantly correlate with surgical ex perience. A trend towards lower complicati ons (p=0.07) and an earlier return of erectile function (p=0.09) was noted with increased experien ce with DLP. Operative time, hospital stay, catheterization time, and open conversion showed significant association with patient sequence. Median operative time for the first 60 and the last 110 patients was 323.5 and 239.5 minutes (p=<0.0001), respectively. Median LOS for the aforementioned groups was 53 and 51 hours (p=0.009). Length of catheterization declined significantly between the first 60 and the remaining 110 patients, 14 as compared to 11.5 days (p=<0.0001). Eight open conversions occurred, six were in the first 30 patients (p=0.03). Conclusion: As an indicator of the learni ng curve, the operative time in our seri es showed no correlation with sequence after the 60
On the temperature, salinity, and density differences between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in the upper kilometre

The surface of the Pacific Ocean stands about 40 cm higher than the Atlantic Ocean with respect to the 1000-decibar surface, and the North Atlantic and North Pacific stand respectively about 14 and 17 cm higher than the South Atlantic and Pacific. The North Atlantic is warmest and saltiest, the South Atlantic is coldest and densest, and the North Pacific is least dense and least salty. The extreme values in temperature and salinity of the North Atlantic are probably related to the formation of the deep water there, which carries away from the upper layer the cold water of relatively low salinity. If this water spreads into the South Atlantic at depth and is replaced with warm saline surface water from the South Atlantic via the South Equatorial Current and the Gulf Stream, then the South Atlantic should be substantially cooler and less salty. The difference in density and sea level of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans may stem from the difference in latitude of the southern tips of America, Africa, and Australia, and the constriction of the west wind drift at Drake Strait. Only the densest surface waters of the Pacific pass through to the Atlantic, while lighter waters from lower latitudes of the South Atlantic pass eastward south of Africa. Further, the constriction of the flow by Drake Strait may result in a higher sea level on the Pacific side through the effect of Windstau (Montgomery, 1938). The density difference between the southern and northern oceans may be partly a consequence of the west wind drift around Antarctica. This is the greatest current of all oceans. Its flow is approximately geostrophically balanced and the surface slopes down to the south. The northern west wind drifts are not so strong, are at lower latitudes, and the high latitude flow is westward with slope upward to the north. These differences are not confined to the upper thousand metres. The average density difference between the Atlantic and the Pacific from the surface to the bottom is about 17 × 10−5 g/cm3. Referred to some deep surface such as 4000 decibars, the Pacific stands about 68 cm higher than the Atlantic.
Glucocorticoid-Thyroid Hormone Interactions in Fetal Rat Lung

Previous studies have shown that triiodothyronine (T3) enhances the effect of dexamethasone on phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis in organ cultures of fetal rat lung. The aim of this study was to investigate whether similar interactions occurred in vivo and to explore possible mechanisms for this phenomenon. Injection of 7.0 mg/kg T3 into pregnant rats on d 18 and 19 of gestation resulted in a mean fetal serum T3 level of 2380 ng/dl on d 20 (control, 84 ng/dl) and in maximal (34%) stimulation of choline incorporation into PC. Injection of 1.0 mg/kg betamethasone using the same protocol as for T3 resulted in maximal stimulation of 33% and administration of both hormones together produced a 69% increase, an additive affect. The percentage of PC that was disaturated was increased with betamethasone, but decreased with T3. Betamethasone treatment resulted in an increase in the whole lung disaturated PC content, but treatment with T3 did not. Betamethasone administration also increased fetal serum T3 levels, but T3 injection did not produce elevated fetal serum corticosterone levels. Injection of T3 in vivo, or exposure of explants of 18-d fetal lung to 100 nm T3 for up to 48 h did not result in an increase in cytoplasmic glucocorticoid binding or nuclear translocation of the receptor steroid complex. Exposure of explants to glucocorticoid or T3 in vivo or in culture (dexamethasone, 100 nM and T3, 100 nM; for 48 h) resulted in a significant increase in the activity of cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase, an enzyme in the choline incorporation pathway of PC synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The management of cervical and thoracic epidural abscess in the neurologically asymptomatic patient

v c 2 n epidural abscess is a bacterial infection of the spine that results in the accumulation of purulent fluid or infected ranulation tissue in the epidural space. Most cases occur in dults (mean age, 57 years; range, 2 to 81 years).1 Occurrence n children under age 12 years is rare.2 The male-to-female atio is approximately 1:1.1 The incidence of the disease is 0.2 to .2 per 10,000 hospital admissions per year and accounts for bout 7% of spinal infections.3 The incidence of pyogenic infecion of the epidural space appears to be increasing. Danner and artman noted an increased frequency at their hospital beween 1971 and 1982.1 This increase was disproportionate to he small increase in admissions and laminectomies perormed in the same period. A report of 75 patients from altimore, Maryland, revealed an increase in the incidence of pidural abscess over the past 10-year period.4 These obserations are likely due to an increased rate of spinal surgery nd spinal anesthesia, an increase in intravenous drug abuse, mproved imaging techniques, and a heightened awareness f the disorder.
On Silencing, Rape, and Responsibility

In a recent article in this journal, Nellie Wieland argues that silencing in the sense put forward by Rae Langton and Jennifer Hornsby has the unpalatable consequence of diminishing a rapist's responsibility for the rape. We argue both that Wieland misidentifies Langton and Hornsby's conception of silencing, and that neither Langton and Hornsby's actual conception, nor the one that Wieland attributes to them, in fact generates this consequence.
Analysis of heritable variation in the human growth hormone(HGH)|[sol]|human placental lactogen(HPL) gene cluster

Cellular DNA from 30 normal and 19 hypopituitary subjects was studied to determine whether heritable HGH deficiency is due to alteration in the HGH/HPL gene cluster on human chromosome 17. Subjects included 5 with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, 3 with bioinactive HGH, 8 with isolated HGH deficiency without affected siblings and 2 pairs of siblings with autosomal recessive isolated HGH deficiency. DNA fragments containing HGH and HPL-related gene sequences were detected by Southern blot hybridization to a 32p-labeled HPL cDNA probe. HGH and HPL genes exist in multiple, non-allelic forms. They are not resolved in Eco RI digests but can be distinguished in Bam HI and Bgl II digests. We have detected 3 variant polymorphic Bgl II restriction patterns which are traceable through pedigrees and can be used to test for physical linkage of HGH deficiency to HGH/HPL gene cluster variation. All HGH/HPL restriction patterns found in hypopituitary individuals were also found in normals. Thus, there were no instances in which HGH deficiency could be attributed to deletion of an HGH gene. Also, discordance for Bgl II restriction patterns in 2 siblings with autosomal recessive HGH deficiency provided evidence against HGH gene mutation as the cause of the disease.
Single Crystal Growth and Structural Characterization of a Novel Mixed-Valent Ternary Uranium Oxide, K 8 U 7 O 24

Single crystals of K8U7O24 (K8U7.04O24) were grown out of a reactive potassium fluoride flux and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction was carried out in a sealed copper tube. The title compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Im-3m with a = 8.65050(10) A. The material exhibits an ordered perovskite structure type that is a 2 × 2 × 2 cubic superstructure of the CaTiO3 perovskite type. Six of the uranium atoms in the composition are in the +6 oxidation state, while the seventh one is +4. The uranium(VI) atom is located in a distorted UO6 octahedral coordination environment containing two short, 1.966(5) A, and four long, 2.16260(10) A, U–O bonds, consistent with the uranyl cation, UO2 2+. The uranium(IV) atom is in a regular octahedral environment with U–O bonds of 2.359(5) A. The synthesis and crystal structure are reported for K8U7O24, a new complex uranium(IV/VI) oxide.
Polygenetic traits in pancreatic disorders.

Rapid advances in information and technology provide opportunities to discover the risks or causes for various disorders within individual patients. The availability of new data and new technology has outstripped the conceptual framework of simple disorders, however, and challenges current statistical approaches. The author addresses the issues surrounding study design and sample size for complex genetic traits with special attention to meta-analysis and systems biology. The author concludes that meta-analysis should play a limited role in evaluating studies of complex genetic diseases. Instead, systems biology-based approaches should be developed to integrate multiple, focused, and mechanistic association studies, with the goal of assisting in the risk assessment of patients on a person-by-person basis.
Intracranial estradiol in ovariectomized guinea pigs: Effects on ingestive behaviors and body weight

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of intracranial estradiol stimulation on food intake (FI), water intake (WI), and body weight (BWt) of ovariectomized guinea pigs (GPs). Thirty-five GPs were implanted with bilateral guide cannulae aimed at either the ventromedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), or preoptic area and then were stimulated unilaterally with cholesterol and estradiol 17-beta, yielding a total of 70 stimulation sites. Across all GPs, estradiol implants significantly reduced FI, WI and BWt relative to implants of cholesterol. The possibility that the behavioral changes observed were due to the peripheral rather than central effects of the implants was evaluated by comparing the results of stimulations which produced vaginal membrane rupture (VMR) to the results of cases without VMR. There were no significant differences between these groups on any of the dependent variables studied, indicating that peripheral estradiol sufficient to induce VMR was neither necessary nor sufficient to account for the behavioral changes. Histological analysis revealed that implants in the ventromedial-arcuate region (VM/ARC) and PVN significantly lowered FI and BWt, with the effects being greatest in the PVN. Placements in other areas, on the average, did not significantly suppress FI or BWt. The effect of central estradiol on WI was more diffuse. No significant effect of implant location was found for the estrogenic suppression of drinking. These findings are the first demonstration that estradiol applied to particular brain areas can lower FI, WI, and BWt of ovariectomized GPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sensitivity and Recall

It was hypothesized that Ss high on Paranoia (MMPI) would recall more in an incidental memory task. Data supported this conclusion, providing anxiety and K are taken into account. It is assumed tha...
Configuration Interaction and the hfs of the sl Configuration

Accurate hfs measurements in both the singlet and the triplet states of the first excited configuration of the group II elements have recently been obtained. These results have shown that the hfs of the singlet state cannot be reliably predicted from a knowledge of the hfs of the triplet states. A modification of the Breit-Wills theory for the hfs of the $\mathrm{sl}$ configuration is developed which takes into account the fact that the $l$ electron has a different radial wave function in the singlet and the triplet state. The theory introduces a new parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ (the ratio of the off-diagonal to the diagonal matrix element of the spin-orbit operator) which can be estimated from the fine structure. This modified Breit-Wills theory is compared to recent experimental data for first excited $\mathrm{sp}$ configuration of Cd, Ba, and Hg. For Hg and Ba excellent agreement between all the hfs of the $\mathrm{sp}$ configuration is obtained. For Cd a significant improvement is obtained but a discrepancy still remains which, however, can be explained.
Complicated hernia presentation in patients with advanced cirrhosis and refractory ascites: management and outcome.

Background Our purpose was to determine optimal management of and outcome after umbilical herniorrhaphy in patients with advanced cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of 21 patients with advanced cirrhosis who underwent umbilical herniorrhaphy at The Mount Sinai Medical Center from 2002 to 2008. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. Results Twenty-one patients had refractory ascites: 15 presented with incarceration and 6 with spontaneous umbilical rupture. The mortality rate was 5% and morbidity rate 71%. Two patients required perioperative liver transplantation, and 5 developed ascites-related wound complications. Follow-up at a mean of 36 months demonstrated a 20% mortality rate due to liver disease; 5% required liver transplantation and 6% had a recurrent hernia. In addition to diuretics and albumin, perioperative management of ascites consisted of preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS; n = 6), postoperative TIPS (n = 2), and closed-suction drains (n = 7). The wound complication rate was 17% in patients who underwent preoperative TIPS versus 27% in patients who did not undergo preoperative TIPS (P = NS). TIPS placement postoperatively controlled ascites adequately without additional complication in 2 patients. In this series, use of closed-suction drains did not appear to decrease ascites-related complications. Spontaneous umbilical rupture was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome. For patients presenting with umbilical rupture, preoperative TIPS and semi-elective repair appeared to improve perioperative and 36-month outcome as compared with emergent repair. Conclusion Preoperative TIPS in conjunction with semi-elective repair when feasible appears preferable, particularly for patients with spontaneous umbilical rupture. The lower than anticipated mortality rate was attributed to institutional experience and to the multidisciplinary approach to patient care.
Synthesis and Assembly of New Molecular Hosts: Solvation and the Energetics of Encapsulation

Experimental details are given for the preparation of “softballs”, large self-complementary molecules capable of assembly into pseudo-spherical capsules. Evidence is presented for their existence a...
Comparison of Strong-field Light Scattering Spectra Obtained from the Dipole Correlation Function and the Dipole Expectation Value

Abstract We use an exactly solvable two-colour model of multiphoton ionization to exhibit the similarities and differences between the light scattering spectra predicted by the model's dipole expectation value and its dipole correlation function.
Ectopic impulse generation and autoexcitation in single myelinated afferent fibers in patients with peripheral neuropathy and positive sensory symptoms

Microneurographic studies were performed using cutaneous nerves of 8 patients with documented peripheral neuropathy who expressed positive sensory symptoms. Intraneural recordings in single myelinated fibers revealed: (i) ectopic generation of bursts of spontaneous action potentials; (ii) ectopic generation of ongoing repetitive discharges transiently interrupted by natural stimulation of the receptive field; and (iii) repetitive discharges triggered by a preceding action potential. These results provide direct evidence of a peripheral pathophysiological basis for spontaneous and stimulus-induced paresthesias and dysesthesias in patients with peripheral neuropathy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1661–1667, 1998
Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Wheelchair Propulsion Across Racing Speeds

Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic features of wheelchair propulsion across four selected speeds were investigated based on 10 skilled male wheelchair athletes. Kinematic data were collected through 3-D cinematography with a mirror. The results demonstrated that as the speed increased, the drive phase was performed faster while the range of the push-angle remained constant. More trunk forward lean motion resulted in a large initial contact angle in front of the top dead center of the pushrim. Recovery involved a large range of vertical motion in terms of shoulder abduction and hyperextension in order to increase the distance over which a greater velocity could be developed. To maximize wheelchair racing speed, it was critical to obtain the maximal shoulder and elbow velocities at initial contact of the drive phase and the maximal hand velocity at the end of the recovery phase.
Does whole body autoregulation mediate the hemodynamic responses to increased dietary salt in rats with clamped ANG II

The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that salt-dependent hypertension, in rats with an unresponsive renin-angiotensin system, is characterized by a “whole body autoregulation” hem...
Mode-transformation and mode-continuation regimes on waveguiding structures

In this paper, modal-interaction phenomena on guided-wave structures are investigated using the theory of critical and singular points. It has been previously shown that classical mode coupling is controlled by the functional characteristics of the dispersion equation in the vicinity of a Morse critical point (MCP), which is real valued for typical structures in the lossless case. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that two distinct regimes of modal behavior exist in the vicinity of the mode-coupling region, which arise due to the presence of frequency-plane branch points of the dispersion function. These branch-point singularities are intimately associated with the MCP. It is further noted which of the two regimes governs modal behavior depends on the path of frequency variation or on the presence of loss for time-harmonic problems. Specifically, classical mode coupling is associated with frequency variation between these branch points leading to mode transformation. This traditional mode-transformation behavior is eliminated for the path of frequency variation lying outside of this region resulting in mode continuation (no exchange of physical meaning between modes). The presence of these branch points completely explains the observed phenomena and allows for the conceptualization of the dispersion function in the vicinity of modal interactions.