cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Interplay between Brand Globalness and Localness among Homegrown and Foreign Global Brands in South Korea

This research provided an extended model to theorize the dynamics between brand globalness and localness that vary between global brands of home versus foreign origin. We focused on South Korea, an...
Frontal vs. bulk polymerization of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites

Abstract As frontal polymerization (FP) is being considered as a faster, more energy-efficient, out-of-autoclave manufacturing method for fiber-reinforced thermosetting-polymer-matrix composites (Robertson et al., 2018), the competition between FP and bulk polymerization (BP) is an essential component of the feasibility analysis of the FP-based manufacturing process. To that effect, we present a comparative study of FP and BP based on a nondimensional form of the reaction–diffusion equations that describe the two polymerization processes. From the nondimensional formulation of the thermo-chemical relations, we extract two parameters that involve the key quantities of the cure kinetics model, i.e., the heat of reaction, the time constant, and the activation energy. Although the analysis is general and can be adapted to a wide range of thermosetting-polymer composites, emphasis is placed on unidirectional composites made of carbon or glass fibers embedded in a dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) matrix. The competition between FP and BP is formulated in terms of the time scales involved in the two polymerization processes for the manufacturing of composites of varying sizes and fiber volume fraction values.
Frontal Pole Hypometabolism Linked to Reduced Prosocial Sexual Behaviors in Frontotemporal Dementia and Corticobasal Syndrome

BACKGROUND Changes in sexual behaviors in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are common and multifaceted, but not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To characterize changes in sexual behaviors and intimacy in FTD compared to corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and normal controls (NC), and to evaluate the neuroanatomical associations of these changes. METHODS Spouses of 30 FTD patients, 20 CBS patients, and 35 NC completed the Sexual Symptoms in Neurological Illness and Injury Questionnaire (SNIQ), which captures changes in sexual interest, inappropriate sexual behaviors, and prosocial sexual behaviors. 25 patients with FTD and 14 patients with CBS also received 18-flouorodeoxyglucose positron-emission topography (18FDG-PET) scans to determine the metabolic changes associated with these symptoms. RESULTS FTD patients showed a greater increase in inappropriate sexual behaviors than CBS patients [p = 0.009] and NC [p < 0.001] and a greater decrease in prosocial sexual behaviors than CBS patients [p = 0.026] and NC [p < 0.001]. Groups did not differ in change in sexual interest. Among both patient groups, the most common change was decreased prosocial sexual behaviors p < 0.01. Hypometabolism in Brodmann's Area 10 (BA10), within the right frontal pole, correlated with decreased prosocial sexual behaviors [p(FWE-corr) <0.05, k = 44]. No anatomical associations were found with other sexual changes. CONCLUSION Decreased prosocial sexual behavior was associated with hypometabolism in BA 10, an area tied to social knowledge and theory of mind, supporting the idea that changes reflect social-cognitive deficits due to frontal dysfunction.
Live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine technology provides single-dose protection against Chikungunya virus.

We present a live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine technology that uses an RNA vaccine delivery vehicle to deliver in vitro-transcribed, full-length, live-attenuated viral genomes to the site of vaccination. This technology allows ready manufacturing in a cell-free environment, regardless of viral attenuation level, and it promises to avoid many safety and manufacturing challenges of traditional live-attenuated vaccines. We demonstrate this technology through development and testing of a live-attenuated RNA hybrid vaccine against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), comprised of an in vitro-transcribed, highly attenuated CHIKV genome delivered by a highly stable nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation as an intramuscular injection. We demonstrate that single-dose immunization of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice results in induction of high CHIKV-neutralizing antibody titers and protection against mortality and footpad swelling after lethal CHIKV challenge.
Tertiary cytoreduction for recurrent ovarian carcinoma: An updated and expanded analysis

Abstract Objective We sought to describe clinicopathologic and surgical factors associated with oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing tertiary cytoreduction and to present a clinical model to identify patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) who may benefit most from tertiary cytoreduction. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who underwent tertiary cytoreduction at our institution from 1/1/1990–1/1/2019. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival and compared using the log-rank test. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to detect variables associated with survival. Results Of 114 patients who met inclusion criteria, 79 (69.2%) had high-grade serous tumors. Of patients with available genetic testing (n = 66), 22 (33%) harbored germline or somatic BRCA mutations. Fifty-eight women (50.9%) died of disease. Complete gross resection (CGR) at tertiary cytoreduction, treatment-free interval (TFI), and platinum sensitivity were all significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) and maintained significance on multivariate analysis (HR 3.71, 95% CI: 1.59–8.70; HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.85; and HR 2.94, 95% CI: 1.22–7.07, respectively). Postoperative treatment was not associated with a survival difference. Patients with HGSOC and a single site of recurrence who were ≥2 years from secondary cytoreduction had the longest survival after tertiary cytoreduction (median DSS, 79.5 months). Conclusions Proper patient selection for tertiary cytoreduction is essential. Those who achieve CGR likely derive the greatest benefit from tertiary surgery. Platinum sensitivity and prolonged TFI are also associated with improved DSS. Patients with HGSOC and single-site recurrence who were ≥2 years out from secondary cytoreduction had the longest DSS.
Sudan's Killing Fields: Political Violence and Fragmentation -- Introduction

This essay is the introductory chapter to the book, "Sudan's Killing Fields," edited by Laura Nyantung Beny and Sondra Hale (Red Sea Press, Forthcoming).
Effects of Victim Sex and Sexual Orientation on Perceptions of Rape.

The relationship of sex, gender role attitudes, and sexual orientation to blame attributed to rape victims by 168 male and 220 female undergraduates was examined. Participants responded to a scenario that depicted the rape of a heterosexual male or female, a gay male, or a lesbian and completed the Case Reaction Questionnaire, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale—Short Form, the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale—Short Form, and the Male Role Norm Scale. Men assigned more blame to victims than did women, and they assigned greater blame to male than to female victims. Traditional gender role attitudes were positively related to victim blame and to more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians, which in turn, was related to more blame being assigned to homosexual victims.
Gravity, magnetic, and high-precision relocated seismicity profiles suggest a connection between the Hayward and Calaveras Faults, northern California

[1] Gravity, magnetic, and seismicity data profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone were generated as part of ongoing studies to help determine the geologic and tectonic setting of the San Francisco Bay region. These data, combined with previous geophysical studies that indicate that the Hayward Fault Zone dips 75°NE near San Leandro and follows a preexisting structure, reveal a possible direct connection between the seismogenic portion of the Hayward and Calaveras Faults at depth. Although the relocated seismicity data are regional in nature, they suggest that the dip of the Hayward Fault Zone may vary from near vertical in the northwestern part of the fault to about 75°NE at San Leandro in the central part of the fault to about 50°NE in the southeastern part of the fault. Gravity and magnetic data, profiled across the Hayward Fault Zone, were processed using standard geophysical techniques. Cross sections of high-precision relocated hypocenters were constructed along each profile from the northwestern to the southeastern end of the Hayward Fault Zone. Profiles and cross sections are referenced to Pinole Point, where the Hayward Fault enters San Pablo Bay, and are spaced 2.5 km apart. Topographic profiles shown on the seismicity cross sections were generated using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-min, 30-m digital elevation models. Relocation of seismicity data was accomplished using a regional double-difference method. The double-difference method incorporates ordinary travel time measurements and cross correlation of P and S wave differential travel time measurements. Relative locations between earthquakes have hypocentral errors of about 100 m horizontally and 250 m vertically. Absolute location uncertainties were not determined but are probably dramatically improved compared to the USGS's Northern California Seismic Network catalog data.
Increased Frequency of Micronuclei in Adults with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Discordant Monozygotic Twin Study

Background Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a traumatic life event associated with an increased lifetime risk for psychopathology/morbidity. The long-term biological consequences of CSA-elicited stress on chromosomal stability in adults are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to determine if the rate of acquired chromosomal changes, measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay on stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, differs in adult female monozygotic twins discordant for CSA.
STUDIES OF THE NUTRITION AND METABOLISM OF THE AQUATIC PHYCOMYCETE, ALLOMYCES

PRIOR TO 1953 there was little available information concerning the nutrition or metabolism of Allomyces, and a number of inconsistencies had already appeared in the few papers published. Quantz (1943) reported that an isolate of Allomyces arbuscula was capable of growth on the following medium: 0.025 per cent MgSO4 * 7H20, 0.05 per cent KH2PO4, 10-25 -y/100 ml. of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 per cent glucose and 0.3 per cent glutamic acid. In later experiments with a different batch of glutamic acid, the above medium failed to support growth. Quantz concluded that the first glutamic acid source must have contained a compound essential for the growth of Allomyces which he called the "glutamic acid cofactor." In an attempt to characterize this "cofactor," he showed that it was an organic compound present in peptone and other proteinaceous material and in natural preparations of I-leucine and 1-cysteine. He further showed that it was not identical with lactoflavine, 1-ascorbic acid, inositol, or nicotinic acid. Quantz also made a study of the carbohydrate nutrition of Allomyces. He reported that fructose, maltose, and starch, besides glycogen, dextrin, and pectin, served as well as glucose as an energy source, but that sucrose, lactose, and glycerol were not metabolized. Wolf and Shoup (1943) investigated the carbohydrate nutrition of Allomyces, using a respirometric technique with pregrown mycelia, and obtained results inconsistent with those of Quantz. They found that A. arbuscula could oxidize only sucrose, maltose, and dextrin, and that glucose and fructose were not attacked. They further reported that the remaining species, A. cystogenus, A. moniliformis, and A. javanicus, were capable of respiring only dextrin. The specific aims of the present investigation on Allomyces were to establish a chemically-defined medium that would support good growth, to reexamine the carbohydrate nutrition, and to outline the general pattern of glucose oxidation. The medium developed by Quantz was used as a starting point for the nutritional work. While these studies were being made, between 1948 and 1951, Yaw and Cutter (1951) were independently investigating the nutrition of Allomyces. Their results will be referred to in later sec-
Acute peripheral vestibulopathy in a cocaine addict Cracking the vestibular nucleus

A previously healthy 58-year-old man developed vertigo, imbalance, nausea, and vomiting shortly after smoking cocaine. He denied hearing loss, double vision, limb weakness, or sensory loss. Examination showed left-beating horizontal nystagmus with a torsional component, skew deviation, and positive right-sided head-impulse test. His urine tested positive for cocaine. Autoimmune workup, lipid panel, and echocardiography were unremarkable. MRI revealed acute right medial vestibular nucleus (VN) infarction (figure, A and B) and subcortical T2 hyperintensities (figure, C). Cerebral angiography was unremarkable. Presenting symptoms responded to meclizine and ondansetron, resolving by the third day.
411 IDENTIFYING THE ACADEMIC AND EMOTIONAL DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH SHORT STATURE

To determine if children with growth retardation are at greater risk for academic and emotional problems than thoseof normal stature, we compared twenty-five children of normal intelligence with constitutional short stature or growth hormone deficiency to a control group with normal height matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. On the Child Behavior Checklist, 44% of the short children scored in the 90th percentile or higher on the overall index of behavioral difficulty, a level typical of children referred for mental health services. Our patients had specific elevations on indices of somatic complaints, schizoidal tendencies, obsessive-compulsive traits and depression. They also had a disproportionate incidence of excessive clowning (45%), being teased (65%), unhappiness (48%), and underachievement (41%). Another striking finding was that the children had a high prevalence of grade retention, 28% having repeated at least one grade, in spite of having normal intelligence (mean full scale IQ = 105.3, S.D. 14.9). Furthermore, 30% of the subjects had a verbal IQ that was 20 or more points higher than the performance score, a discrepancy occurring in only 10% of the population. In conclusion, short children seem to be at increased risk for developing academic and emotional difficulties.
Retrocaval ureter: radiographic techniques directing surgical management.

Summary— Retrocaval ureter is an infrequently encountered entity. Guidelines for treatment may be based on specific radiographic criteria. Computed tomography (CT) can aid in the diagnosis. Three cases are presented to illustrate these points.
Characterizations of two power indices for voting games with r alternatives

In the first three sections of this paper we present a set of axioms which provide a characterization of an extension of the Banzhaf index to voting games with r alternatives, such as the United Nations Security Council where a nation can vote “yes”, “no”, or “abstain”. The fourth section presents a set of axioms which characterizes a power index based on winning sets instead of pivot sets.
Plasma membranes of liver cells of the chick embryo. I. Isolation procedures

Abstract The technique of isolation consists of a combination of homogenization, differential centrifugation, gradient centrifugation and the multiple poolings of isolated fractions. Large numbers of embryos are used to provide 5–10 g of accumulated liver tissue from the younger embryos (7, 11 days). Contamination by components of red blood cells or nuclear envelopes is avoided. The tissues are homogenized as dilute suspensions in either isotonic Krebs-Ringer solution or isotonic sucrose solutions supplemented with magnesium. Intact red blood cells are separated from the homogenate. Initial fractions are separated by multiple differential centrifugations. Fluffy coats and supernatants are pooled sequentially to increase the final yield of membranes. Intact nuclei can be separated by centrifugal rotation at 100 000 × g for 2 h over appropriate sucrose solutions. The separation of the plasma membrane fraction is carried out by density gradient centrifugation at 150 000 × g for 2 h. Fractions isolated in either isotonic sucrose or saline appear to be similar. The cytochrome oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities are negligible. β-Glucuronidase activity is exceedingly low. Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity is enhanced by the presence of Na2+. The isolation of plasma membrane of embryonic cells allows for a more direct assessment of membrane development, cell-contact phenomena and membrane function.
The Moderating Effects of Employee Tenure on the Relation Between Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis investigated the correlation between attitudinal commitment and job performance for 3,630 employees obtained from 27 independent studies across various levels of employee tenure. Controlling for employee age and other nuisance variables, the authors found that tenure had a very strong nonlinear moderating effect on the commitment-performance correlation, with correlations tending to decrease exponentially with increasing tenure. These findings do not appear to be the result of differences across studies in terms of the type of performance measure (supervisory vs. self), type of tenure (job vs. organizational), or commitment measure (Organizational Commitment Questionnaire [L. W. Porter, R. M. Steers, R. T. Mowday, & P. V. Boulian, 1974] vs. other). The implications and future research directions of these results are discussed.
Cellular immune response in Lyme disease: the response to mitogens, live Borrelia burgdorferi, NK cell function and lymphocyte subsets.

Summary Although some manifestations of Lyme disease may be secondary to the presence of B. burgdorferi, the immune system appears to play a significant role in the clinical manifestations of the disease. The humoral response is well characterized, however the cellular response remains poorly defined. To further define cellular immunity in Lyme disease, the responses of lymphocytes from patients with active Lyme disease were assessed to Con a, PHA, PWM, tetanus toxoid, and whole live B. burgdorferi. In addition, the natural killer cell (NK) function of these patients was assayed. As compared to the controls the lymphocyte response to Con A was reduced and the response to PHA was increased. There was a significant profilerative response to B. burgdorferi in all patients with no response in the controls. The responses to PWM and tetanus toxoid were not different in the two groups. NK cell function in the patients with active disease was reduced as compared to the normal controls and patient's who were not clinically active. We conclude that there is a significant alteration in cellular immunity in active LD consistent with a defect in the induction of suppressor cells leading to a vigorous humoral response.
Linear programming, the global approach

Many optimization problems require the maximizing or minimizing of a linear function subject to linear constraints. Such problems, called linear programs (l.p.‘s), were intensively investigated in the years after WWII and a beautiful theory developed. The basic results of this theory, such as 1.~. duality and the simplex algorithm, have become standard fare for combinatorial mathematicians. (Cf., Hall’s book 141, or the more recent one by Lawler [ 71.) In this paper we shall investigate l.p.‘s from the point of view of category theory. We first ask whether l.p.‘s and related problems have morphisms, i.e., transformations which preserve the defining characteristics of the problem. If the answer is yes, we then ask what structure the resulting category has and what that implies about the problem. For the definitions and results of category theory which we use here, the reader is referred to MacLane’s book [S].
Hydromagnetic stability of the magnetospheric boundary

The problem of the stability of the interface between the solar wind and the magnetosphere is investigated by means of hydromagnetic equations. An explicit criterion of instability is written for the special case in which both the solar plasma and the magnetospheric medium are supposed to be of the same density and carry a uniform magnetic field in the direction of streaming. It is concluded that the magnetospheric boundary is likely to be unstable toward the tail and under comparatively quiet solar conditions. It is suggested that the characteristic effects of instability should be observed toward the night side, preferably with space exploration vehicles.
More than Skin Deep

In this series, a clinician extemporaneously discussed the diagnostic approach (regular text) to sequentially presented clinical information (bold). Additional commentary on the diagnostic reasoning process (italics) is integrated throughout the discussion. Clinical Information: A 53-year-old Puerto Rican woman presented to the Emergency Department with facial swelling, erythema, pain and high fever of 3 weeks duration. The swelling was first localized to the left cheek, then spread to involve the right side of her face, including the right lower eyelid. She had a severe headache, dizziness, photophobia, diplopia, and pain with extraocular movement. She denied any preceding skin eruption, breakdown or facial trauma.
The Development of Population Estimate Procedures in Small Trout Lakes

Abstract The development of suitable procedures of mark-and-recapture population estimation was undertaken on two small trout lakes. Effort was primarily applied toward evaluation of the assumption of equal vulnerability between marked and unmarked fish. Using traps and angling, four basic procedures were employed and the resulting estimates compared. Estimates obtained by angling and recapture by angling procedures were judged too high, apparently because marked fish had acquired a hook resistance. Estimates from a trap and recapture by trap procedure were too low when hoop nets were employed, but when hardware cloth traps were used the estimates were too high. Estimates obtained by procedures which involved making the recaptures by a different method, trap and recapture by angling and angling and recapture by trap, were considered best since they were compatible with known numbers present and numbers previously planted and agreed well with each other.
Best Practices for Librarians Embedded in Online Courses

Academic librarians interested in collaborating with faculty in online courses often express questions about their role, level of involvement, and activities. This article provides a list of best practices to guide those developing embedded librarian services. The practices are drawn from a review of the literature, a case study of one embedded librarian's experiences, and a mixed methods study of embedded librarianship at six institutions. The resulting best practices will help embedded librarians collaborate effectively with faculty to create a positive learning experience for distance students.
Latin American Urbanization: Historical Profiles of Major Cities

Illustrations Preface Argentina by Charles S. Sargent Bolivia by Gerald Michael Greenfield Brazil by Gerald Michael Greenfield Chile by Joseph L. Scarpaci Colombia by Gerald Michael Greenfield Costa Rica by Gary S. Elbow Cuba by Sergio Diaz-Briquets Dominican Republic by Frank Moya Pons Ecuador by Maria Augusta Fernandez (Translated by Michael Jones Ferreira) El Salvador by Gary S. Elbow Guatemala by Gary S. Elbow Haiti by Robert J. Tata and Steven J. Tata Honduras by William Van Davidson Jamaica by Nancy P. Hill and Stephen A. Bender Mexico by Jose Luis Lezama (Translated by Ann Duquaine and Gerald Michael Greenfield) Nicaragua by Bryan Higgins Panama by Raul Leis (Translated by Gerald Michael Greenfield) Paraguay by Charles S. Sargent Peru by Robert B. Kent Uruguay by Charles S. Sargent Venezuela by Gerald Michael Greenfield Selected Bibliography Index
Comparison of Isolated Hepatocytes and Tissue Slices for Study of Liver Hypothermic Preservation/Reperfusion Injury

Simple models are needed that effectively test the variables that may be important in liver preservation. Two such models are isolated hepatocytes and tissue slices. In this study the effects of hypothermic preservation on the viability of hepatocytes (HC) and tissue slices (TS) from rat livers were measured by LDH leakage after cold storage and rewarming. We compared how glycine, calcium, and fasting, shown previously to affect preservation injury in hepatocytes, affected both HC and TS viability. Hepatocytes were cold-stored in University of Wisconsin organ preservation solution for up to 48 h and rewarmed in Krebs–Henseleit Bicarbonate (KHB) for 120 min. Tissue slices were studied in two ways. Either livers were cold-stored intact and then tissue slices (TS-A) prepared and rewarmed in KHB, or tissue slices were prepared from the fresh liver, cold-stored, and then rewarmed (TS-B). The latter method may be similar to cold storage of HC. Freshly prepared samples (HC, TS-A, or TS-B) showed <15% LDH leakage during the rewarming phase. Cold storage for 24 h resulted in <30% LDH leakage in all preparations. After 48 h cold storage there was a significant increase in LDH leakage (HC, 65.1 ± 5.1%; TS-A, 52.9 ± 0.8%, TS-B, 53.6 ± 2.6%). Glycine (3 mM) or calcium (1.5 mM) included in the KHB significantly reduced LDH leakage from 48 h cold-stored HC to 20.7 ± 1.8 and 26.3 ± 2.4%, respectively. These agents caused a smaller decrease in LDH release from tissue slices (around 40%). Hepatocytes appear more susceptible to preservation/reperfusion damage than the more structurally intact tissue slices as suggested by the greater release of LDH. Another difference was that the agents which improved preservation quality of HC were not as effective in TS. Hepatocytes may be more vulnerable to preservation/reperfusion damage because of the harsh methods used in their preparation. The damage induced during preparation appears amenable to suppression by glycine or calcium. Tissue slices, which are intact pieces of liver tissue, may be more suitable for studies related to development of better methods for liver preservation. The intact cells in TS have not been exposed to harsh conditions and maintain a more natural cell–cell relationship.
Human colonic goblet cells. Demonstration of distinct subpopulations defined by mucin-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract We studied glycoprotein content of human colonic goblet cells, using a library of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against purified human colonic mucin (HCM). Using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), we found that 17 of 23 anti-HCM MAbs stained some or all goblet cells of normal human colonic mucosa. We observed a variety of cellular staining patterns, including (a) diffuse (homogeneous) staining of intracellular mucin, (b) speckled (inhomogeneous) staining of mucin droplets, (c) peripheral staining of intracellular droplets, (d) cytoplasmic staining of goblet cells, and (e) apical (luminal) surface staining. Staining patterns were not associated with particular HCM species. In addition to variable patterns of IIF within individual cells, anti-HCM MAbs varied in the proportion of goblet cells stained. Some MAbs stained all goblet cells, while others stained a limited number of goblet cells. Although each goblet cell contained more than one type mucin, HCM species III, and IV and V appeared to exist in mutually exclusive goblet cell populations and it was possible to define at least seven subpopulations of goblet cells in colonic mucosa by their content of various combinations of HCM species. Anti-HCM MAbs stained goblet cells from other sites within the gastrointestinal tract to a varying extent. Anti-HCM MAbs also showed extensive cross-reactivity with rodent, rabbit, and monkey colonic mucosa. However, several anti-HCM MAbs stained only human colonic mucosa. These data show that human colonic mucosa contains discrete subpopulations of goblet cells that produce distinctive combinations of specific mucin glycoprotein species.
Membrane dynamics of cleavage furrow closure in Xenopus laevis.

Epithelial membrane polarity develops early in Xenopus development, with membrane inserted along the earliest cleavage furrows by means of localized exocytosis. The added surface constitutes a new basolateral domain important for early morphogenesis. This basolateral surface becomes isolated from the outside by furrow closure, a zippering of adjacent apical–basolateral margins. Time-lapse microscopy of membrane-labeled embryos revealed two distinct kinds of protrusive activity in furrow closure. Early in furrowing, protrusive activity was associated with purse-string contractility along the apical–basolateral margins. Later in furrow progression, a basolateral protrusive zone developed entirely within the new membrane domain, with long motile filopodia extending in contractile bands from the exposed surfaces. Filopodia interacting with opposing cell surfaces across the cleavage furrow appeared to mediate blastomere–blastomere adhesion, contact spreading and lamellipodial protrusion. Interference with these dynamic activities prevented furrow closure, indicating a basic role for both marginal and basolateral protrusive activities in early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 237:565–579, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
First-principles study of strain-electronic interplay in ZnO: Stress and temperature dependence of the piezoelectric constants

We present a first-principles study of the relationship between stress, temperature, and electronic properties in piezoelectric ZnO. Our method is a plane wave pseudopotential implementation of density-functional theory and density-functional linear response within the local-density approximation. We observe marked changes in the piezoelectric and dielectric constants when the material is distorted. This stress dependence is the result of strong, bond-length dependent hybridization between the O $2p$ and Zn $3d$ electrons. Our results indicate that fine tuning of the piezoelectric properties for specific device applications can be achieved by control of the ZnO lattice constant, for example by epitaxial growth on an appropriate substrate.
Validation of a reflected-impedance design method for wireless power transfer applications

This paper proposes a simplified method for designing four-coil resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) networks by sequential application of impedance reflection through mutual inductances. Experimental validation is presented, and accuracy and limitations of the method are described. The method appears useful for first-pass (approximate) design, but accurate simulation requires consideration of mutual inductances of non-adjacent coils.
Case analysis of a role of ENSO in regulating the generation of westerly wind bursts in the Western Equatorial Pacific

This study speculates that the low-frequency ENSO might have a regulating effect on the activity of episodic westerly wind bursts (WWB) in the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) based upon the analysis of two contrasting El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases during the 1996-2000 period and the onset of the 1982 El Nino. It suggests that ⊇P WEP , the equatorial sea level pressure (SLP) gradient between 130°E and 160°E, could be a key parameter in relating ENSO to the WWB generation. ⊇P WEP is a preconditioning index for the tropical cyclone formation associated with midlatitude atmospheric transient forcing (cold surges). The cyclonic circulation near the equatorial latitudes contributes to prolonged WWB events. ⊇P WEP can be regulated by ENSO because the location of the low SLP center, which determines the strength of the ⊇P WEP , correlates with the location of the warm water pool, and has an east-west migration in response to the ENSO phases. Through ⊇P WEP , the variability of WWB was linked to the ENSO phases. The study finds that ⊇P WEP was promoted prior to the 1997 El Nino when the warm pool was large and extended to near the dateline, whereas it was suppressed during the follow on La Nina in 1999/2000 when the warm pool was small and displaced far westward. However, only westerly winds generated in the east of New Guinea could have potential importance to ENSO as the islands over the Indonesian Seas represent a significant blocking to the propagation of a Kelvin wave. It appears that the active WWB in the winter of 1996 were generated on a favorable background conditioned by pre-El Nino state; they facilitated the development of the 1997 El Nino but may not be a sufficient onset mechanism. Further statistical analysis is required to test the veracity of the hypothesis derived from the case analysis of this study.
Self-Care Strategies of Menopausal Women

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe the self-care strategies related to natural menopause used by menopausal women. The Self Care Responses Questionnaire (SCR) was completed by a convenience sample of 99 middle class, mostly Caucasian, married, employed women. The women used many self-care responses, on average, 32 of the 39 possible. The frequently used strategies, “accept changes in my body,” “have faith,” “keep busy,” “educate myself,” and “accept as legitimate,” suggest that these women are successful in their self care related to menopause. Consistent with a women's health perspective, they seemed to view menopause as a developmental phase which they have integrated into their lives.
Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement via a Radionuclide-Scintillation Light Source and Analog Cross Correlation

β-Emitting 90Sr is used with a plastic scintillator to produce excitation-light pulses for fluorescence lifetime analysis. This light source is less expensive, more compact, and much more reliable than traditionally employed excitation sources such as lasers or pulsed flash lamps. The pulse train from this light source varies randomly in amplitude and time. Cross-correlation signal analysis is ideal for such a source because, unlike other time domain techniques, cross correlation takes complete advantage of its random nature. Here we report on the construction of an instrument and the methods employed to make fluorescence lifetime measurements via the new source and an analog correlation processor. Although the light intensity of the scintillator-based excitation source is comparatively low, an adequate signal level can be generated. The fluorescence lifetimes of three fluorophores are measured with a 1-mCi radionuclide to demonstrate a lifetime range from less than 1.5 to 28 ns. Long-lifetime measurement...
A molecular determinant for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion.

Chromosome segregation, transcriptional regulation, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks require the cohesin protein complex. Cohesin holds the replicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) together to mediate sister chromatid cohesion. The mechanism of how cohesion is established is unknown. We found that in budding yeast, the head domain of the Smc3p subunit of cohesin is acetylated by the Eco1p acetyltransferase at two evolutionarily conserved residues, promoting the chromatin-bound cohesin to tether sister chromatids. Smc3p acetylation is induced in S phase after the chromatin loading of cohesin and is suppressed in G 1 and G 2 /M. Smc3 head acetylation and its cell cycle regulation provide important insights into the biology and mechanism of cohesion establishment.
The time to extinction of a colonizing propagule of lizards increases with island area

The question of what causes species extinction and how to prevent it is a crucial one for both basic and applied ecology. Three kinds of island-biogeographical field studies have made particularly important contributions towards this problem. First, a variety of bird studies suggest for small populations a negative relation between extinction time and population size; smaller islands typically have smaller populations (see ref. 1 and H. L. Jones, J. M. Diamond and M. Gilpin, manuscript in preparation). Second, in a study on arthropods2, experimentally reducing the area of already saturated mangrove islands caused numbers of species to decrease, presumably because of reduced population sizes. Third, in a study of mammals3 in which small, variably sized populations of colonists (propagules) were experimentally introduced onto islands, larger propagules survived longer. In the present study with lizards, both island area and propagule size were varied experimentally in an attempt to separate their effects. The results show: (1) for a given species, time to extinction increased with island area in a monotonic fashion; (2) above a certain island area, rapid colonization occurred; below that threshold, propagules went extinct quickly; and (3) propagule size had no effect.
PERFORMANCE RESPONSE AND EGG QUALITIES OF LAYING BIRDS FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC) BASED DIETS

The performance response and egg qualities of laying birds fed enzyme supplemented PKC diets as replacement for maize was investigated with 210, 20 week old laying pullets of Dominant Black strain at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria. The birds which just come into lay were randomly allotted into seven dietary groups of 30 each in three replicates. The experiment was conducted for 11 weeks. Dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Hen day percent, Egg weight, Feed efficiency (Kg feed: Kg eggs) and cost of feed per egg. Final live weight and body weight gains at end of the experiment were similar (p<0.05) among treatments. On egg qualities, only Haugh unit was significantly (p<0.05) improved with increased level of PKC which appeared to be better as rate of enzyme supplementation increases. The differences observed in the experiment on performance parameters appeared not to have established a consistence trend to strongly assert a conclusion but are indicative of the possibility of replacing maize with PKC in a laying birds diet up to 40 % when supplemented with Hemicell ® enzyme. Other enzyme application methods may be investigated to see if better performance response trend can be achieved.
Satisfaction/dissatisfaction: are users predisposed?

User satisfaction (US) is probably the most studied construct in information systems (IS) research. Despite such attention, reported results regarding the relationship between US and IS success have been inconclusive and sometimes contradictory. Is it possible that something else is occurring in this relationship that has not been modeled in past studies? Perhaps user dispositional traits are confounding the results. Users may be predisposed to be either satisfied or dissatisfied in a way that has nothing to do with the system itself. This paper investigates the impact that user predispositions have on how users perceive IS. The results of the investigation indicate that there is significant relationship between user predispositions and US.
Four-compartment partition model of hazardous components in hydraulic fracturing fluid additives

Abstract Mass balance principles were applied to a four-compartment partition model for 12 different hazardous components of hydraulic fracturing fluid additives used in 47 completed natural gas wells in the Marcellus Shale. Spill scenarios were modeled as if 1000 gallons of diluted additive were discharged into a surface water body or onto soil. Resulting concentrations were ranked according to magnitude, providing a relative comparison of quantities to be expected in each compartment. Highest mass concentrations in the water, soil and biota compartments were due to sodium hydroxide, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, and hydrochloric acid. 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine ranked highest in the air compartment.
Humor Appreciation and Time to Respond

Cartoons varying in content and complexity were presented to 24 male Ss. Dependent variables included humor rating of, and time to respond to the cartoons. Within-cell correlation between these two...
Clostridium Difficile Colitis in the United States: A Decade of Trends, Outcomes, Risk Factors for Colectomy, and Mortality after Colectomy

Background Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is a major health concern in the United States (US), with earlier reports demonstrating a rising incidence. Studies analyzing predictors for total colectomy and mortality after colectomy are limited by small numbers. Study Design The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2001 to 2010 was retrospectively reviewed for CDC trends, the associated colectomy and mortality rates. Patient and hospital variables were used in the LASSO algorithm for logistic regression with 10-fold cross validation to build a predictive model for colectomy requirement and mortality after colectomy. The association of colectomy day with mortality was also examined on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results An estimated 2,773,521 discharges with a diagnosis of CDC were identified in the US over a decade. Colectomy was required in 19,374 cases (0.7%), with an associated mortality of 30.7%. Compared with the 2001 to 2005 period, the 2006 to 2010 period witnessed a 47% increase in the rate of CDC and a 32% increase in the rate of colectomies. The LASSO algorithm identified the following predictors for colectomy: coagulopathy (odds ratio [OR] 2.71), weight loss (OR 2.25), teaching hospitals (OR 1.37), fluid or electrolyte disorders (OR 1.31), and large hospitals (OR 1.18). The predictors of mortality after colectomy were: coagulopathy (OR 2.38), age greater than 60 years (OR 1.97), acute renal failure (OR 1.67), respiratory failure (OR 1.61), sepsis (OR 1.40), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.39), and congestive heart failure (OR 1.25). Surgery more than 3 days after admission was associated with higher mortality rates (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.14; p Conclusions Clostridium difficile colitis is increasing in the US, with an associated increase in total colectomies. Mortality rates after colectomy remain elevated. Progression to colectomy and mortality thereafter are associated with several patient and hospital factors. Knowledge of these risk factors may help in risk-stratification and counseling.
Monitoring suspended sediments and associated chemical constituents in urban environments: lessons from the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA Water Quality Monitoring Program

The City of Atlanta, Georgia (COA) is part of the ninth largest metropolitan area in the USA and one of the fastest growing (e.g., >24% between 2000 and 2007). Since 2003, the US Geological Survey has been operating an extensive long-term water-quantity and water-quality monitoring network for the COA. The experience gained in operating this network has provided insights into the challenges as well as some solutions associated with determining urban effects on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients. The majority (>90%) of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment and discharge (>60%) from the COA occur in conjunction with stormflow. Typically, stormflow averages ≤20% of the year. Normally, annual flux calculations employ a daily time-step; however, due to the “flashy” nature of the COA’s streams, this approach can produce substantial underestimates (from 25% to 64%). Greater accuracy requires time-steps as short as every 2 to 3 h. The annual fluxes of ≥75% of trace elements (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g., Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, ≥90% of the transport of these constituents occurs in conjunction with stormflow. With the possible exception of nitrogen, baseflow sediment-associated and both baseflow and stormflow dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load; hence, nonpoint (diffuse) sources are the dominant contributors to the fluxes of almost all of these constituents.
Elastic flows with deadlines: a QoS abstraction for middleware

Media flows have been classified into streaming flows and elastic flows. Traditionally, admission control schemes, in middleware systems and otherwise, have dealt with streaming flows. In the Internet context, elastic TCP flows have been considered for admission control more recently -- the aim being to ensure that they actually complete. In this paper, we present a simple reservation-based abstraction for middleware systems: an elastic flow with deadlines, that includes streaming flows as a special case. We use this specification in a simple model of a link. We then present a novel way to view the problem, as a maximum network flow problem. We show that this formulation also provides an admissible schedule for the flows. We then study the incremental version of the admission control problem, and present some heuristics. We finally briefly explore potential applications of this abstraction.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subchondral cysts of the tibia secondary to osteoarthritis of the knee

Subchondral cysts of the tibia secondary to osteoarthritis of the knee are not usually seen on radiographs. When present, they are typically small and present no diagnostic difficulty. Two cases of unusually large subchondral lesions of the medial tibial plateau are presented. The lesions were well defined and lay adjacent to the medial tibial cortex with their long axes in the sagittal plane. Both were associated with moderate medial compartment osteoarthritis. Additional information obtained from computed tomography indicated that these lesions were subchondral cysts secondary to osteoarthritis rather than tumors or other tumor-like conditions.
Effect of Deposition Rate and Substrate Temperature on the Vacuum Ultraviolet Reflectance of MgF(2)- and LiF-Overcoated Aluminum Mirrors

Freshly deposited aluminum prepared under optimum conditions was overcoated with MgF(2) and LiF films at various deposition rates and substrate temperatures. The thickness of the dielectric films was precisely controlled by reflectance measurements at lambda = 1216 A. The thicknesses of the MgF(2) and LiF films were chosen to give highest reflectance at 1216 A and 1026 A, respectively, and the reflectance was measured from 1000 A to 2000 A. Highest reflectance for aluminum overcoated with MgF(2) was obtained with a MgF(2) deposition rate of about 45 A/sec. When the MgF(2) deposition rate was decreased from 45 A/sec to 5 A/sec, the reflectance at 1216 A decreased from 85.7% to 78%. A decrease in reflectance was also noticeable for deposition rates higher than 45 A/sec. No improvement in reflectance was noted for substrate temperatures up to 100 degrees C, and at temperatures above 100 degrees C the reflectance decreased. The reflectance of aluminum overcoated with LiF did not show a measurable dependence on the LiF deposition rate, but the reflectance was strongly influenced by the substrate temperature. Highest reflectance at 1026 A was obtained when the LiF was deposited at a substrate temperature of 100 degrees C. The effects of aging on the reflectance of the mirrors are discussed.