cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Can We End the Stigma Surrounding Domestic and Sexual Violence? A Modified Delphi Study with National Advocacy Leaders

The purpose of this study was to use a modified Delphi methodology study to identify priority actions that can be taken at the individual, local, and national levels to eliminate the stigma surrounding domestic and sexual violence. An expert panel of national organizational leaders provided input about the nature of the stigma surrounding domestic and sexual violence, as well as strategies to end this stigma. The findings were organized into three themes: (a) the social context of the stigma surrounding domestic and sexual violence; (b) the impact of the stigma on resources for victims and survivors; and (c) strategies for eradicating the stigma surrounding domestic and sexual violence. Implications of the study’s findings for research, practice, and advocacy are discussed.
Wacky oxides: Rich properties in search of devices

Until recently, the word “oxide” could only mean one thing to the device research community—SiO 2 . But as is being increasingly realized, oxides are an exciting class of electronic materials in their own right. Oxides exhibit the full spectrum of electronic, optical, and magnetic behavior: insulating, semiconducting, metallic, superconducting, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, ferromagnetic, multiferroic, and non-linear optical effects are all possessed by structurally-compatible oxides. Further, the properties of a given composition can change drastically as it goes through phase transitions that can be driven by temperature, strain, electric field, magnetic field, light, etc., resulting in huge property coefficients, metal-insulator-transitions, electrical and optical control of magnetism, etc. The unparalleled variety of physical properties of oxides holds tremendous promise for electronic applications, but there is also a danger that oxides may become the immutable “material of the future” that never makes it into a real device.
Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the “61-kDa” calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Tissue-specific expression of structurally related isoforms.

We have isolated a 2287-bp cDNA encoding the 61-kDa calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM PDE) from a bovine brain library. A large open reading frame within the cDNA encodes a 530-residue polypeptide which is identical to the sequence of the purified protein previously determined by direct amino acid sequencing. Moreover, COS cells transfected with the cDNA express a cAMP and cGMP hydrolytic activity that is stimulated by calcium and calmodulin, confirming that the cDNA represents a mRNA species encoding a CaM PDE isozyme. RNase protection analyses indicate that either 61-kDa CaM PDE mRNA or structurally related transcripts encoding different CaM PDE isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Total RNA isolated from brain (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, and medulla/spinal cord), heart, aorta, liver, kidney outer medulla, kidney papilla, trachea, and lung completely protected a 410-base antisense riboprobe corresponding to sequence encoding a portion of the catalytic domain. Little or no protection was detected using adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, liver, kidney cortex, spleen, or T-lymphocyte total RNA. Only brain RNA completely protected a 240-base antisense riboprobe corresponding to the 61-kDa CaM PDE amino terminus encompassing a putative calmodulin-binding domain. However, heart, aorta, liver, kidney, trachea, and lung RNA protected 150 bases of this riboprobe suggesting that these tissues express an isoform structurally related to the 61-kDa CaM PDE. Northern analysis of mRNA isolated from brain, heart, aorta, liver, kidney, lung, and trachea revealed that the cDNA hybridizes with a 3.8- and a 4.4-kb (kilobase) mRNA species. Interestingly, Northern blots of bovine cerebral cortex and heart mRNA probed under stringent conditions with antisense transcripts corresponding to either the 5'- or 3'-untranslated sequence of the 61-kDa CaM PDE cDNA hybridized with only the 4.4-kb mRNA from both tissues. Since different, yet structurally similar CaM PDE isoforms are expressed in brain and in heart, this result, in addition to the RNase protection data, is consistent with the idea that the mRNAs encoding these two CaM PDE isoforms are products of an alternately spliced gene.
Construction of TnphoA gene fusions in Rhodobacter sphaeroides: isolation and characterization of a respiratory mutant unable to utilize dimethyl sulfoxide as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic growth in the dark on glucose.

Abstract We have constructed a suicide vector, pU1800, containing the transposable element TnphoA (Tn5 IS50L::phoA), for the purpose of producing protein fusions in vivo between the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (APase) and proteins of the facultative photoheterotroph, Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We introduced TnphoA into the genome of R. sphaeroides at a coupled conjugation-transposition frequency of approximately 1 x 10(-6). Fusions giving rise to APase expression, as judged by blue-colony pigmentation when exconjugants were plated on growth medium containing the chromogenic indicator 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate, were observed in about 1% of the exconjugants. Numerous, distinguishable mutant phenotypes have been generated by this method, including those which lack the ability to use dimethyl sulfoxide as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration, as well as those which are photosynthetically incompetent or altered in pigment synthesis, and others that express resistance to chlorate. The growth and spectral characteristics of several of these mutants, as well as the localization and quantitation of subcellular APase activity under different physiological conditions, have been examined. The presence of TnphoA in the host genome has been confirmed for each mutant analyzed, and specifically tagged DNA fragments containing TnphoA have been identified and localized; cosmids containing R. sphaeroides genomic DNA capable of complementing individual mutants have also been isolated. The usefulness of this approach in studying gene activity in R. sphaeroides is discussed.
A heuristic approach for best sets of actions determination in influence nets

The paper presents a heuristic approach for the problem of finding the best or close-to-best sets of actions in uncertain situations modeled by influence nets. The approach enhances the analysis capability of influence nets by allowing the user to observe the combined impact of actions on the desired effect in contrast to the sensitivity analysis that allows the user to evaluate individual impacts only. Unlike the exhaustive search which works in exponential time, the proposed approach generates result in polynomial time. The paper also demonstrates the generalization of alternative sets of actions.
Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.

Exotic zebra mussels can alter lower trophic level dynamics in lakes that they colonize by consuming large quantities of phytoplankton. We simulated the indirect effects of zebra mussel grazing on Daphnia by artificially reducing phytoplankton concentration for in situ Daphnia reproduction experiments. The response of Daphnia reproduction to reduced phytoplankton was evaluated for both the in situ experiments and field observations in Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A. Oneida Lake has had an abundant population of zebra mussels since 1992. Our experiments revealed that fecundity of individuals from two species of Daphnia was positively related to phytoplankton concentration during the spring clearwater phase, although there was no discernible effect of food concentration on fecundity in summer cyanobacteria-dominated assemblages. The experimental results suggest that Daphnia fecundity responds to chlorophyll a concentrations < 2 μg l-1. The years since zebra mussels became abundant in Oneida Lake have been characterized by high water clarity, low chlorophyll concentrations, long clearwater phases, and low Daphnia biomass compared with the previous 17 years. The food web effects of zebra mussel grazing are complex and it will take more years for impacts at higher trophic levels to develop and be identified.
The relationships between depression and other outcomes of chronic illness caregiving.

Background Many caregivers with chronically ill relatives suffer from depression. However, the relationship of depression to other outcomes of chronic caregiving remains unclear. This study tested a hypothesized model which proposed that hours of care, stressful life events, social support, age and gender would predict caregivers' outcomes through perceived caregiver stress. Depression was expected to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and outcomes of chronic caregiving (physical function, self-esteem, and marital satisfaction).
DNA sequence analysis of spontaneous mutations in the SUP4-o gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract A collection of 196 spontaneous mutations in the SUP4-o gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed by DNA sequencing. The classes of mutation identified included all possible types of base-pair substitution, deletions of various lengths, complex alterations involving multiple changes, and insertions of transposable elements. Our findings demonstrate that at least several different mechanisms are responsible for spontaneous mutagenesis in S. cerevisiae.
Adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions to the free energy from the electron-phonon interaction for Na, K, Al, and Pb

We calculate the adiabatic contributions to the free energy due to the electron--phonon interaction at intermediate temperatures, $0 \leqslant k_{B} T < \epsilon_{F}$ for the elemental metals Na, K, Al, and Pb. Using our previously published results for the nonadiabatic contributions we show that the adiabatic contribution, which is proportional to $T^{2}$ at low temperatures and goes as $T^{3}$ at high temperatures, dominates the nonadiabatic contribution for temperatures above a cross--over temperature, $T_{c}$, which is between 0.5 and 0.8 $T_{m}$, where $T_{m}$ is the melting temperature of the metal. The nonadiabatic contribution falls as $T^{-1}$ for temperatures roughly above the average phonon frequency.
Statistical Versus Clinical Significance for Infants With Brain Injury: Reanalysis of Outcome Data From a Randomized Controlled Study

By adopting more appropriate statistical methods to appraise data from a previously published randomized controlled trial, the statistical and clinical significance of an intervention on the 18-month neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with suspected brain injury is evaluated. The intervention group (n = 32) receives extensive, individualized cognitive/sensorimotor stimulation by public health nurses while the control group (n = 30) receives standard follow-up care. At 18 months, 43 infants remain in the study (22 intervention and 21 control). The results indicate that there is a significant statistical change within groups and a clinical significance whereby more infants in the intervention group improve in mental, motor, and neurological functioning at 18 months compared to the control group. The benefits of looking at clinical significance from a meaningful aspect for practitioners are emphasized.
Synthesis of nucleobase-calix[4]arenes via click chemistry and evaluation of their complexation with alkali metal ions and molecular assembly

In this study, calix[4]arene derivatives (11–14) bearing a single nucleobase (adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine) were synthesised via click chemistry. The complexation ability of the synthesised derivatives with alkali metal ions was measured using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and their molecular assembly in CDCl3 was determined using 1H NMR. Calix[4]arene derivatives (11–14) formed 1:1 complexes with all alkali metal ions and the rank order for the complexation selectivity was Rb+ > Cs+ > K+ ≅ Na+ > Li+. The attachment of nucleobase at the upper rim of calix[4]arene had little effect on its complexation selectivity for alkali metal ions. Thymine-, adenine- and guanine-calix[4]arenes formed self-assembled structures in CDCl3 via base–base interactions. In addition, adenine-calix[4]arene (11) bound to thymine-calix[4]arene (12) to form a discrete species via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding.
A Nerve Growth Factor-Sensitive S6 Kinase in Cell-Free Extracts from PC 12 Cells

: Soluble extracts from nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated PC 12 cells prepared by alkaline lysis show a two-to 10-fold greater ability to phosphorylate the 40S ribosomal protein S6 than do extracts from control cells. The alkaline lysis method yields a preparation of much higher specific activity than does sonication. Half-maximal incorporation of 32P from [32P]ATP into S6 occurred after 4–7 min of NGF treatment. The partially purified NGF-sensitive S6 kinase has a molecular weight of 45,000. It is not inhibited by NaCl, chlorpromazine, or the specific inhibitor of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, nor is it activated by addition of diolein plus phosphatidylserine. Trypsin treatment of either crude extracts or partially purified S6 kinase from control or NGF-treated cells was without effect. These data suggest that the S6 kinase stimulated by NGF is neither cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C nor the result of tryptic activation of an inactive proenzyme. Treatment of intact cells with dibutyryl cAMP or 5′-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine also increases the subsequent cell-free phosphorylation of S6. This observation suggests that cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be involved in the phosphorylation of S6 kinase.
Fabrication of optical components for the ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission

The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite was launched in February 1980 into a 573 km high circular orbit. It contains X-ray, UV, and optical instruments for the simultaneous observation of solar flares. The ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter (UVSP) is one of these instruments. The objectives of the UVSP require the employment of a raster scanning telescope to study the spatial dynamics of flares, the use of a high resolution spectrometer to select and scan spectral lines for temperature and velocity diagnostics, and the utilization of a polarimeter to measure magnetic fields in the solar transition zone. The present paper has the objective to provide a description of the optical fabrication techniques developed for the instrument. Attention is given to telescope mirrors, metering rods, the Ebert mirror, grating blanks, a four-mirror polarizer, beam splitter assemblies, beam splitter fabrication, deflector mirrors, and shipping containers.
On finding solutions for extended Horn formulas

Abstract We present a simple quadratic-time algorithm for solving the satisfiability problem for a special class of boolean formulas. This class properly contains the class of extended Horn formulas and balanced formulas. Previous algorithms for these classes require testing membership in the classes. However, the problem of recognizing balanced formulas is complex, and the problem of recognizing extended Horn formulas is not known to be solvable in polynomial time. Our algorithm requires no such test for membership.
Antibiotic Utilization: Is There an Effect on Antimicrobial Resistance?

The antimicrobial resistance problem in hospitals continues to worsen. In particular, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Treating infections caused by these pathogens presents therapeutic dilemmas. The association between broad-spectrum beta-lactam overutilization and selection for ESBL-KP has been appreciated for some time; several institutions have reported a decrease in the prevalence of ESBL-KP with a shift in antibiotic utilization from third-generation cephalosporins to other broad-spectrum drugs. Currently, optimal treatment of ESBL-KP includes the carbapenems, but widespread use of these drugs is expensive and may be associated with further selection of antibiotic resistance and/or superinfection with other inherently resistant pathogens. VRE are especially difficult organisms to treat because of their inherent and acquired resistance to most currently available antibiotics. The prevalence of VRE has also been documented to decrease upon a shift in antibiotic use from third-generation cephalosporins to broad-spectrum antibiotics of other classes. Thus, antibiotic utilization measures appear to contribute to the control of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as ESBL-KP and VRE.
Fluconazole-resistant Candida: Mechanisms and risk factor identification

The extensive use of fluconazole in the previous two decades has fostered the emergence of azole-resistant strains, including non-albicans species such as C. glabrata. The main mechanisms of fluconazole resistance described involve alteration of the quality or quantity of 14-alpha-demethylase enzyme or reduced access of the drug to the target enzyme by upregulation of efflux pumps. Fluconazole prophylaxis has been used successfully to prevent fungal infections in high-risk neonates, neutropenic patients, individuals with HIV infection, recipients of solid organ (eg, liver) transplants and bone marrow transplants, and patients in intensive care units, with a small increase in the risk of colonization, but not infection, with fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. Among other risk factors, recent fluconazole exposure is associated with fluconazole-resistant candidemia.
Use of chi square periodogram in the analysis of estrous rhythmicity.

Abstract The usefulness of the chi square periodogram procedure for the analysis of estrous rhythmicity was investigated. Sokolove-Bushell's Q statistic was found to have a chi square distribution at the small degress of freedom involved in estrous rhythmicity in rodents (i.e. rhythmicity with periods of 2–7 days). Consequently, the significance of the peaks in the periodogram can be effectively evaluated. The effects of multiple-period rhythmicity and of random noise added to periodical data were also investigated. Overall, the analysis of simulated as well as empirical data indicated that the chi square periodogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of estrous rhythmicity.
The Utilization of Wheat and Wheat By-Products in Feeding Young Chickens I. The Effect of the Fineness of Grinding Wheat

Abstract CONDITIONS frequently exist on farms in wheat producing areas whereby there is a demand for poultry rations utilizing large amounts of wheat economically supplemented with readily available concentrates. In response to this demand several experiments have been conducted with the objective of determining how wheat may be used efficiently in different combinations of feeds. The first two series of experiments are reported in this article. The other investigations will be reported in later editions of P oultry S cience . The different investigations deal with the various commonly recognized nutritional factors which are essential for normal health and growth in young chicks. The experiments involved rations composed principally of ground wheat adequately supplemented for all the nutritive essentials except the factor which was being tested. Readily obtainable supplements were used with the view that the results obtained could be directly applied in practice. Any of the supplements used may contribute several different nutritional . . .
Listening to patients: how understanding health information use can contribute to health literacy constructs

This panel focuses on expanding concepts of health literacy by exploring how the acquisition and use of health information through the context of people's daily lives significantly enhances their understanding and implementation of both acute and chronic health treatment and management. Prevalent health literacy initiatives emphasize core information literacy skills and concerns by addressing issues such as readability, clarity in communication, and appropriate vetting of online health information sources; however, these measures do not address the intricate ways in which people interact with and use information when making decisions about their health. In this session, researchers working within a variety of cross-disciplinary arenas and contexts, including information science, communications, nursing, medicine, health services, and public health, will engage with the question of how information behavior-based studies can impart additional dimensions to an understanding of health literacy beyond basic literacy skills and information delivery. We argue that information behavior perspectives can enrich the conceptual base of health literacy, contributing a deeper understanding of people's engagement with and use of health information in the context of their lived experience with health conditions. The six panelists will provide insight into additional dimensions of experience relevant to health literacy, including how people identify and understand their information needs, how interpersonal sources are considered as health information, the value of experience-based or peer information, and how engagement in online communities, families, and social networks contributes to how health information is experienced, considered, evaluated, used, and applied in negotiating health and illness.
Disposition and miotic effects of oral alfentanil: A potential noninvasive probe for first-pass cytochrome P4503A activity

Background and Objectives Systemic clearance of the opioid alfentanil after intravenous administration is an excellent in vivo probe for hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity and drug interactions. Alfentanil effect (miosis) is a surrogate for plasma alfentanil concentrations, and alfentanil effect kinetics may be a suitable noninvasive probe for hepatic CYP3A. Oral alfentanil might be a probe for first-pass CYP3A activity; however, it is not used clinically, and oral alfentanil disposition is unknown. This investigation evaluated the disposition and miotic effects of oral alfentanil. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were studied in a dose-escalation fashion, receiving 23, 30, 43, and 75 μg/kg oral alfentanil on different days. Dark-adapted pupil diameter was measured at the time of venous blood sampling. Alfentanil was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of alfentanil and pupil diameter change versus time data were analyzed by noncompartmental modeling. Results Alfentanil was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration [Tmax], 0.7 ± 0.5 hour). Mean values for area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) (27 ± 14, 38 ± 22, 57 ± 31, and 105 ± 59 ng · h · mL−1) and maximum concentration (16 ± 8, 23 ± 16, 31 ± 18, and 50 ± 22 ng/mL) were linear with dose, although there was considerable interindividual variability. Tmax, elimination half-life (1.0 ± 0.2 hours), total body clearance after oral administration (20 ± 18 mL · kg−1 · min−1), and dose-normalized AUC∞ were independent of dose. Dose-dependent alfentanil disposition was mirrored by commensurate changes in clinical effect, although miosis was variable and not detectable in all subjects at the lowest dose. Mean miosis AUC (AUEC) and peak miosis were log-dose linear. Effect half-life (1.3 ± 0.9 hours) was similar to plasma half-life. Conclusion Oral alfentanil is rapidly absorbed, exhibits linear and dose-independent kinetics, and undergoes substantial first-pass metabolism. Oral alfentanil may be a suitable probe for first-pass CYP3A activity. Alfentanil effect (miosis) may be an acceptable surrogate for plasma alfentanil concentrations. Oral alfentanil effect may be a noninvasive surrogate for conventional pharmacokinetics. Further studies are warranted to determine whether oral alfentanil and alfentanil effect kinetics may be a suitable noninvasive in vivo probe for first-pass CYP3A activity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, 199–208; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2003.30
Dynamic control thresholds for consistent earned value analysis and reliable early warning

AbstractEarned value management (EVM) facilitates practicing management-by-exception by triggering control actions only when they are needed. The efficiency and effectiveness of project control actions are influenced by the control thresholds used to identify meaningful performance deviations or trends from the plan. This paper presents a quantitative method for establishing dynamic control thresholds (DCTs) that change at different percent completion points according to the degree of achievability of the project objectives in time and money. The DCTs in this paper overcome two limitations of conventional fixed control thresholds. First, the DCTs provide consistent measures of risk and early warning signals for different EVM performance measurements and forecasts. Second, the DCTs provide additional information to detect false warnings from deterministic performance analysis and forecasting monitored by fixed control thresholds, especially early in a project. This paper mainly focuses on schedule performa...
Are there homeless youth in my community? Differences of perception between service providers and high school youth

While teen homelessness, like all homelessness, is increasing, there have been few solid estimates of the actual number of teens effected. A twofold methodology to count homeless teens was used in the Seacoast region of New Hampshire and Maine. Social service agencies were contacted to obtain a count of homeless adolescents, and over 3000 high school age teens were surveyed in the seacoast of New Hampshire and southwestern Maine to identify how many were homeless. By using different definitions of homelessness, it was found that a minimum of 5% of all teens in high school reported that they had been homeless sometime during the past year. When using a broadened definition of homelessness, it was found that 20% of the teens regularly stayed with others. However, this experience was not identified by social service providers, who reported that teen homelessness simply was not a problem in their communities. In order to more accurately describe the phenomenon experienced by teens, it is proposed that the term “homelessness” should be replaced with a more inclusive word, such as “housing distress.”
Factors related to caregiving for individuals with spinal cord injury compared to caregiving for individuals with other neurologic conditions

AbstractContext/objectiveTo compare outcomes among caregivers of adults with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to caregivers of adults with other neurological conditions, and determine if caregiving for SCI is associated with poor health status and chronic conditions.DesignSecondary data analysis of 2009/2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey.ParticipantsInformal caregivers of adults with neurological conditions.Outcome measuresSociodemographics, caregiving factors (e.g. role, emotional support, life satisfaction), lifestyle behaviors, chronic conditions, and health status.ResultsDemographics and lifestyle behaviors did not differ in caregivers of adults with SCI vs. caregivers of adults with other neurological conditions (except younger age of SCI caregivers). Greater proportions of caregivers of adults with SCI had coronary heart disease (CHD) (12% vs. 6%, P = 0.06) and were obese (43% vs. 28%, P = 0.03). Frequent physical distress was reported by 20% of caregivers of persons with SCI (vs. 12%...
A composite complexity approach for software defect modelling

An approach is proposed to develop defect models for software components based on a categorical multivariate regression analysis. This modelling technique is useful when the software components are sufficiently small so that the assumption of a continuous normally distributed defect distribution is not valid. Library unit aggregations from five Ada projects are analysed to yield a composite complexity measure which is a function of both software complexity characteristics and development environment characteristics. The probabilities of various numbers of defects are derived from this composite complexity measure. The probability distributions are used to calculate subsystem level defects which are then compared to the actual defects.
Progress in wood residue use in California

The manufacture of products from wood may be described as a reduction process, and this reduction in volume from raw material to product occurs at nearly all levels within the industry. It begins with tremendous quantities of residues-not waste-in the woods and continues on through the processing. It is fairly common in some manufacturing to convert less than half of the raw material into a final product. Recovery is seldom greater than 75%. From the industry's standpoint, "waste" is defined as a failure to recover the value inherent in a given amount of raw material. "Residue" is the remnant of the original raw material left after the economic value has been removed. By these definitions, some waste unquestionably occurs within the industry, but by far the biggest problem is with residues. These residues occur in huge volumes and have a negative value because of the costs of disposal. Since use of residues is becoming increasingly important, I hope to present here some of the reasons for this increase in use, the status of the current harvest and utilization, and data on use of residues for products. There are specific economic and political reasons for the effort to increase the utilization of wood residues. Foremost is a simple need for a greater recovery of product from the log. This need is based on increased competition for both raw materials and markets, which has resulted in higher stumpage costs, and a lower relative profit margin. Furthermore, the industry in the west is faced with a changing timber supply as the stand is converted to younger and smaller trees.
CT of rhabdomyolysis associated with malignant hyperthermia and seizures

Abstract Computed tomography evaluation in rhabdomyolysis can reveal muscle necrosis and calcification. We report the computed tomography findings in acute rhabdomyolysis, secondary to hyperthermia and seizures. KEY WORDS:
Fluctuations in cellular proliferation across the light/dark cycle in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the adult male Syrian hamster ☆

Abstract A lifelong persistent neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus. Research in peripheral cell tissue has shown that the timing of cellular division of these cells coincide with the light/dark cycle, however it remains unclear as to whether there is an association between the time of day and cellular proliferation in the brain. The timing of cellular division can be studied through the use of a cellular proliferation marker, such as 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), which is taken up by the DNA of dividing cells during replication. The goal of this study was to determine whether the time of day affects the number of BrdU labeled cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of adult male Syrian hamsters. Adult males received a single systemic injection of BrdU (300 mg/kg) at either the end of the light (ZT-13) or dark phase (ZT-23) of a 14:10 LD cycle and were sacrificed 24 h or 3 days later. Sections through the hippocampus were immunolabeled for BrdU. Cellular proliferation fluctuated across the light/dark cycle during the expansion phase rather than during initial cellular proliferation. A twofold increase in number was expected between 24 and 72 h following a single BrdU injection, but this increase was only seen in the population of cells injected at the end of the light phase.
Understanding the Interactions of Three Integrins with a Library of Peptides

Integrin receptors play a critical role in mediating early events in cells adhering to ECM and synthetic peptides on surfaces. To better understand the sensitivity of peptide sequences to a specific integrin types and between integrins we performed a computational analysis. Specifically we began by sequence based homologies between the three integrin receptors (3VI4, 3ZE2, and 1L5G) for which crystal structures are available. Using the homology study as a starting point we developed some hypothesis on potential similarities and differences to be expected with respect to their function. As the next step we performed computational docking simulations of the library of peptides (19) against each of these peptides using Autodock. For these simulations we primarily used the co-crystal structure (integrin/RGD PDB name 3ZE2) implicated binding pocket as the focus of our studies. Based on these docking simulations we have generated a number of different binding ensembles for each peptide for a given integrin receptor. From the top docking configurations (based on visual inspection, grouping, and Autodock Binding scores), we then performed steered molecular dynamics simulations to generate a potential of mean force for the peptides against the receptors. These values then serve as starting point into a multi-scale simulation study being used to estimate the adhesion of the entire cell to an ECM/functionalized surface.
Managing reproduction in dairy cattle. I. Progestogens for control of estrus in dairy cows.

Abstract Two experiments studied the effectiveness of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) for control of estrus in normal and anestrous dairy cows. A third experiment investigated the use of MGA for controlling estrus during 17 successive 3-week breeding periods. In Experiment 1, 73 anestrous cows received MAP (180 mg/day) or a placebo for 10 days. Conception rate for first service, total conception rate, and services per conception were 59, 88,' 1.7 and 54, 74, 1.8 for MAP and control groups. In Experiment 2, 232 cows in four herds were classified normal or anestrous according to estrous detection during the first 7 weeks postpartum. Beginning on Day 48 postpartum, some cows received MGA (1 mg/day) for 10 days while others served as controls. The mean interval from calving to first service, average days open for cows conceiving, and services per conception were 76, 107, 2.4; 76, 123, 2.5; 74, 98, 1.9 and 75, 107, 2.0 for MGA-normal, MGA-anestrous, control-normal and control-anestrous groups. Conception rates for first service were between 50 and 53% for normal cows and between 35 and 39% for anestrous cows irrespective of hormone treatment. In Experiment 3, 268 cows which calved in 17 successive 3-week periods in three herds were assigned to MGA or control groups. Some MGA cows received a single 14-day treatment (MGA-lX) while others received a double sequence (MGA-2X). Eighty-six per cent of the MGA cows and 60% of the controls were in estrus within 30 days following MGA withdrawal. Ninety-two per cent of the MGA cows were synchronized in two periods of 7 and 5 days. Cows which received the double sequence of MGA were synchronized to a greater degree than MGA-1X animals. The interval from calving to first service, average days open for cows conceiving, and services per conception were 80, 102, 1.8; 72, 102, 2.1 and 72, 97 and 1.9 for control, MGA-1 X and MGA-2X groups. The MGA reduced the variation among herds in interval from calving to first service and average days open. Progestogen administration did not affect milk yield. The system for controlling estrus in groups of cows could be beneficial as part of a total system to manage for a high reproductive rate in large herds.
Modeling of lightning

Abstract In this paper, transmission line theory is used to model the current waveform in a lightning flash to ground. By adjusting the resistance, inductance, capacitance, and the initial voltage distribution within the channel all within reasonable limits, we are able to construct waveforms with rise times of between 1 and 10 μ s and times to one half of peak value of between 10 and 250 μ s. These waveforms may then be used to compute electrical and magnetic fields to determine indirect as well as direct effects on electrical and electronic equipment.
Influence of β-adrenergic stimulation on glycosylation of a major, secretory N-linked glycoprotein from rat parotid salivary gland

beta-Adrenergic stimulation with 10 microM isoproterenol increased the [3H]-mannose/[14C]-leucine ratio (three- to six-fold) of protein extracts in double-radiolabelled rat parotid acinar cells. Characteristics of oligosaccharides in a major parotid glycoprotein (Mr approximately 220,000; gp 220) were studied. Gp 220 from control and experimental cells was endoglycosidase H-insensitive, endoglycosidase F-sensitive and bound both concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin. Gp 220 was removed from concanavalin A-Sepharose by sequential elution with 10 mM alpha-methyl glucoside and 0.5 M alpha-methyl mannoside. These findings suggest that (1) oligosaccharides in gp 220 have both a biantennary complex and hybrid oligosaccharide chains, and (2) beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation has little effect on the gross oligosaccharide structures of this glycoprotein.
Identification of tobacco hornworm antibiosis factor from cuticulae of repandae section ofNicotiana species.

Cuticular components of the green leaves of the Repandae section of theNicotiana species contain compounds that have been shown to be toxic to larvae of the tobacco hornworm larvae,Manduca sexta. The surface constituents of leaves of greenhouse-grownN. repanda, N. stocktonii, andN. nesophila were extracted with methylene chloride in order to isolate the active compounds. Solvent partitioning and gel chromatography was used to isolate a series of hydroxyacylnornicotines (HOAcylNN). The major component was identified asN′-(3-hydroxy-12-methyltridecanoyl)nornicotine. A number of minor 3-hydroxyacylnornicotines, with the acyl group containing C13-C15, were also identified. The HOAcylNN mixture in ethanol was topically applied to first-instar tobacco hornworm larvae at rates of 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg. Mortalities after 48 hr were 33, 44, 78, and 100% respectively.
μ3-Acetato-μ2-acetato-(di­methyl­form­amide)­penta­kis­(μ-N,2-dioxido­benzene-1-carboximidato)penta­kis­(1-methyl-1H-imidazole)­penta­manganese(III)manganese(II)–diethyl ether–di­methyl­formamide–methanol–water (1/1/1/1/0.49)

The title compound, [Mn6(C7H4NO3)5(CH3CO2)2(C4H6N2)4.62(C3H7NO)1.38]·(C2H5)2O·C3H7NO·CH3OH·0.49H2O or MnII(OAc)2[15-MCMn(III)N(shi)-5](Me—Im)4.62(DMF)1.38·diethyl ether·DMF·MeOH·0.49H2O (where MC is metallacrown, −OAc is acetate, shi3− is salicyl­hydroximate, Me—Im is 1-methyl­imidazole, DMF is N,N-di­methyl­formamide, and MeOH is methanol), is comprised of five MnIII ions in the metallacrown ring and an MnII ion which is encapsulated in the central cavity. Four of the ring MnIII ions are six-coordinate with distorted octa­hedral geometries. Two of these MnIII ions have a planar configuration, while the other two MnIII have Λ absolute stereoconfiguration. The fifth MnIII is five-coordinated with distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Four of the ring MnIII ions each bind one 1-methyl­imidazole, while the final ring MnIII ion binds a DMF solvent mol­ecule in an axial position and located in a trans position is either a Me—Im or a DMF mol­ecule. The occupancy ratio of Me—Im to DMF is 0.62 (2) to 0.38 (2). The central MnII is seven-coordinate with a geometry best described as distorted face-capped trigonal–prismatic. DMF, diethyl ether, MeOH, and water mol­ecules are located in the inter­stitial voids between the metallacrown mol­ecules. The methanol mol­ecule is positionally disordered [0.51 (1):0.49 (1)] and associated with a partially occupied water mol­ecule [0.49 (1)]. This disorder is also associated with the positional disorder of the diethyl ether mol­ecule [0.51 (1):0.49 (1)].
Laser ablation of dental hard tissue: from explosive ablation to plasma-mediated ablation

We review the basic laser ablation processes of dental hard tissue for wavelengths ranging from the IR to the UV. The underlying tissue removal mechanisms extend from water- mediated explosive, to thermomechanical, to plasma-mediated processes. This discussion is based on a literature review of the current state of hard tissue removal under various irradiation conditions combined with some new data using surface temperature measurements. The most effective tissue removal mechanism is the water-mediated explosive process in the IR at wavelengths between 3 and 10 micrometers . Highly controlled tissue removal at low ablation rates can be obtained in the near IR (around 1 micrometers ) using plasma-mediated ablation, provided the irradiation parameters are chosen appropriately. Similarly small ablation rates combined with good tissue specificity characterize the ablation in the UV region of the spectrum. The ablation mechanism in the UV is largely dominated by photothermal processes, although photochemical and thermomechanical processes may contribute.
Effect of Varying Sputtering Power Levels on YBaCuO Film Composition

R.F. diode sputtering technique is used to deposit superconducting thin films of YBaCuO on various substrates from a single composite target. Sputtering power levels of 50, 100, and 150 W are used to study the effects of different power levels on the composition and deposition profiles of the films. The as-deposited films show a strong radial variation in composition. A circular ring like pattern with little or no film deposition in the center of the substrate is observed for all three power levels. This is believed to be due to the resputtering effects from negative ion and energetic neutral particle bombardment. Energy dispersive spectrum results indicate that copper is uniformly distributed across the substrate, compared to Ba which is deficient near the center of the substrate. Films deposited on SrTiO3 substrates exhibit regions of fractal growth which was 123 composition. HF-Diodensputtern wird benutzt, um supraleitende dunne YBaCuO-Schichtcn auf verschiedenen Substraten von einem Ein-Komposittarget abzuscheiden. Sputterleistungen von 50, 100 und 150 W werden benutzt. um den Einfiu s unterschiedlicher Leistungsniveaus auf die Zusammensetzung und Abscheidungsprofile der Schichten zu untersuchen. Die ursprunglichen Schichten zeigen eine starke radiale Anderung in der Zusammensetzung. Ein kreisringahnliches Muster mit geringer oder fehlender Abscheidung wird im Zentrum des Substrats fur alle drei Leistungen beobachtet. Es wird angenommen, da s dies durch Resputtereffekte durch Bombardement mit negativen lonen und energetisch neutralen Teilchen hervorgerufen wird. Energiedispersive Spektren zeigen, das Kupfer sber dem Substrat gleichformig verteilt ist, im Vergleich zu Ba, das im Zentrum des Substrats defizient ist. Auf SrTiO3-Substraten abgeschiedene Schichten zeigen Bereichc mit fraktalem Wachstum, das 123-Zusammcnsetzung hat.
Automatic segmentation of speech recorded in unknown noisy channel characteristics

Abstract This paper investigates the problem of automatic segmentation of speech recorded in noisy channel corrupted environments. Using an HMM-based speech segmentation algorithm, speech enhancement and parameter compensation techniques previously proposed for robust speech recognition are evaluated and compared for improved segmentation in colored noise. Speech enhancement algorithms considered include: Generalized Spectral Subtraction, Nonlinear Spectral Subtraction, Ephraim–Malah MMSE enhancement, and Auto-LSP Constrained Iterative Wiener filtering. In addition, the Parallel Model Combination (PMC) technique is also compared for additive noise compensation. In telephone environments, we compare channel normalization techniques including Cepstral Mean Normalization (CMN) and Signal Bias Removal (SBR) and consider the coupling of channel compensation with front-end speech enhancement for improved automatic segmentation. Compensation performance is assessed for each method by automatically segmenting TIMIT degraded by additive colored noise (i.e., aircraft cockpit, automobile highway, etc.), telephone transmitted NTIMIT, and cellular telephone transmitted CTIMIT databases.
Quantitative NH2 concentration determination in shock tube laser-absorption experiments

Abstract The adsorption coefficient of the A2A1←X2B1(090←000)ΣPQ1,N7 transition in NH2 at 16,739.90 cm-1 has been measured in a shock tube as a function of temperature using a cw narrowband absorption laser. For controlled NH2 generation, both NH3 photolysis at 193 nm and NH3 pyrolysis were used; both calibration methods are independent of thermochemical data. Rapid scanning of the laser in pyrolysis and laser-photolysis experiments provided spectroscopic data for the splitting and the intensity ratio of the two spin components of the doublet transition, as well as information on collisional broadening by argon. From these experiments, the oscillator strength of the transition was inferred to be (6.35 ± 1.90) × 10-5. The shock tube diagnostic method for NH2 developed here is well-suited for a variety of reaction kinetics experiments.
Convergent validity of the BASC and SSRS: Implications for social skills assessment

The present study examined the psychometric relationship between two new rating scales, the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992) and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS; Gresham & Elliott, 1990), for a sample (N = 53) of minority kindergarten children using both parent and teacher ratings. The similarities and differences between these instruments were investigated through correlational and content analyses. In general, the results provide preliminary convergent validity evidence for the BASC and SSRS. In regard to the Social Skills subscale of the BASC, convergent validity evidence was demonstrated for the parent form of this instrument, but not the teacher form, when the SSRS Social Skills scale was used as the criterion. In addition, the correlations between the various scales of the BASC and SSRS were in the expected direction. That is, the correlation between the BASC Adaptive Skills Composite and the SSRS Social Skills scale was moderate in the teacher group (r = .44) and high in the parent group (r = .54). Similarly, correlations between the BASC Hyperactivity, Aggression, and Externalizing scales and the SSRS Problem Behaviors scale ranged from .50 to .60 and .50 to .56 in the teacher and parent groups, respectively. Implications regarding the practical utility of the BASC and SSRS for assessing social skills functioning, in particular, were presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Television Weathercasts and Their Role in Geographic Education

Abstract Television weathercasts provide an effective means for furthering place name and physical geography; the training of weathercasters can promote interaction between geographers and journalists. This paper summarizes the development and present status of weathercasting in the U.S. as well as the role geographers can play in the training of weathercasters. Since its development in the 1940s, weathercasting has been strained by the desire to be meteorologically correct and to provide an entertaining presentation. After a decade of “weather clowns,” the American Meteorological Society through its Seal of Approval program and direct input has steadily improved the training of weathercasters so that today, 55 percent have the equivalent of a B.S. in meteorology. Still, 19 percent never have had a single course in meteorology. Most weathercasts consume 3.5 minutes of the 22.5 net minutes of the local news. Weathercasts are shorter in the larger, more urban market areas and contain less applied weather in...