cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

The Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) faces monumental challenges derived from institutional and financial accountability, as well as the ability to deliver on its promises of increased economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region. Nevertheless, China is resolute in cementing its economic position in the global market and expanding its regional influence. The main justification for instituting AIIB is to provide secured loans to underdeveloped Asia-Pacific countries ineligible to obtain funds through other global financial institutions. However, by lessening loan barriers, AIIB’s approach threatens to give rise to regional economic volatility — a vice adamantly despised under the Bretton Woods system. The pivotal element that defines AIIB’s outcome is a well-diversified cofounding member cohort insistent on implementing sound regulatory measures. AIIB needs a divergent membership that considers the socio-economic determinants of individual requestors, allowing for well-diversified and well-balanced opinions on operating principles. Without this element China might be subjugating its clients, the Asia-Pacific countries, to yet another form of manipulation that was shunned under the Bretton Woods system. Would this be another subtle attempt of Chinese influence for a stake in regional hegemony under a guise of alleviating the impoverished regions of Asia-Pacific? Transparency, emphasis on operating principles enacted with democratic accord and accountability should serve as guiding blocks of the well-diversified cofounding cohort. These measures would hold China to its vows of increased prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region, which it is attempting to deliver through AIIB. This paper examines the advantages of the AIIB as well as drawbacks that could place the Asia-Pacific countries into another “golden straitjacket” if these propositions are not taken into consideration.
Archaeology of a 17th-century Naval Battle: the first two seasons of the Rockley Bay Research Project in Tobago

On 3 March 1677, French Vice-Admiral Jean d'Estrees launched an assault on an inferior Dutch squadron, commanded by Jacob Binckes, anchored in Rockley Bay, Tobago. The French attack was defeated, but a total of 12 warships on both sides were sunk. The Rockley Bay Research Project, supported by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology and the University of Connecticut began an archaeological investigation of the battle in 2012. At least one of the Dutch men-of-war lost in the battle has been found, TRB-5. The article is a preliminary report on the work that has been carried out so far.
Norepinephrine-induced membrane responses in normal and dystrophic hamster skeletal muscle.

AbstractTwo skeletal muscle membrane responses were examined to evaluate the role of membrane alterations in dystrophic muscle function. These responses—norepinephrine-evoked changes in membrane conductance and potential—have been suggested to be associated with nonshivering metabolic pathways independent of contractile events. Norepinephrine (at concentrations ranging from 50-300 μg/kg) and/or saline was injected intravenously into anesthetized control hamsters and Bar Harbor 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters (2-3 months old). Glass microelectrodes were used to measure the intracellular potentials and membrane resistances of gracilis anticus cells. In the normal hamsters, norepinephrine administration was followed by a small, but significant membrane depolarization (X = 6.7 ± 1.4 mV) and a decrease in membrane resistance (X = 1.0 ± 0.1 mΩ). In contrast, saline had little or no effect on these parameters. The voltage and resistance changes observed in dystrophic muscle cells were in the same direction as thos...
LIGO - Highly Stabilized Lasers in Search of Gravitational Waves

LIGO has reached its design displacement sensitivity of 1 × 10 − 19 m/ H z and is searching for gravitational waves from astrophysical and cosmological sources. We present the fundamental advances in laser and optical technology that make LIGO work.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals and Organic Contaminants on Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicates

Mesoporous organosilicates containing an ethylene bridge within the otherwise silicate pore walls and an additional organic functionality extended within the pore showed varying adsorption capacities for mercury and dimethylphenol. Thiol and imidazole functionalized organic-inorganic materials were effective for the adsorption of mercury, whereas the purely siliceous mesoporous MCM-41 was more effective for dimethylphenol adsorption than its organosilicate counterparts.
Normal intraventricular conduction following post-extrasystolic pause in bundle branch block: with critical rate phenomenon.

T HE PATIENT, A 47-YEAR-OLD WHITE woman, had been treated in the hospital seven years ago because of thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic heart disease, and rereceived radioactive iodine.’3’ She was readmitted January 12, 1962 because of palpitations. Examination revealed mild exophthalmus, blood pressure 120/70 to 150/ 100; heart sounds were not remarkable, rate 115; no evidence of right or left sided
Presence of thyroid antibodies in early reproductive failure: biochemical versus clinical pregnancies

Objective To evaluate the clinical usefulness of thyroid antibodies in determining early pregnancy outcome. Setting University-based facility at the Center for Reproductive Health, University of California, Irvine. Patients Four hundred eighty-seven infertile patients that successfully conceived with assisted reproductive techniques from January 1991 to December 1992. Interventions An enzyme immunoassay for semiquantification of thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies used to determine antibody status from stored serum of these patients. Main Outcome Measure Thyroid antibody status in early pregnancy. Results Of the 487 patients studied, there were 106 women who were antibody positive for anti-TG, antithyroid peroxidase, or both, and 381 who were negative. The overall incidence of positivity was 22%. In the antibody-positive group there was a 32% clinical miscarriage rate in comparison to 16% in the antibody-negative group. This did reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of biochemical or ectopic pregnancies. There also was no significant difference between the groups in age, gravidity, or number of prior pregnancy losses. Conclusion In our patient population, thyroid antibodies proved to be a useful marker for identifying women at risk for clinical miscarriage but they appear not to have an association with biochemical pregnancies.
Role of concentration and size of intracellular macromolecules in cell volume regulation.

To gain insight into the mechanism(s) by which cells sense volume changes, specific predictions of the macromolecular crowding theory (A. P. Minton. In: Cellular and Molecular Physiology of Cell Vo...
Stimulant drug effects on catecholamine synthesis regulation

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of in vivo amphetamine treatment on dopamine synthesis regulation in rat brain striatal synaptosomes. The stimulation of dopamine synthesis normally produced by the depolarizing agent veratridine is significantly inhibited by acute amphetamine administration. This effect does not appear to be due to interference with veratridine-induced depolarization, and is not mimicked by other drugs affecting dopaminergic functioning, such as pargyline, apomorphine or gamma-butyrolactone. Although the stimulation of dopamine synthesis produced by the in vitro addition of amphetamine is not prevented by prior in vivo amphetamine administration, the nature of this stimulation is markedly altered. In synaptosomes isolated from saline-treated controls, in vitro amphetamine-induced synthesis stimulation is calcium-dependent. However, in synaptosomes from amphetamine-treated animals, this stimulation is no longer calcium-dependent. A similar loss of calcium-dependency for amphetamine-induced synthesis stimulation occurs following in vivo reserpine treatment.
Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila

Olfactory and gustatory perception of the environment is vital for animal survival. The most obvious application of these chemosenses is to be able to distinguish good food sources from potentially dangerous food sources. Gustation requires physical contact with a chemical compound which is able to signal through taste receptors that are expressed on the surface of neurons. In insects, these gustatory neurons can be located across the animal's body allowing taste to play an important role in many different behaviors. Insects typically prefer compounds containing sugars, while compounds that are considered bitter tasting are avoided. Given the basic biological importance of taste, there is intense interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this sensory modality. We describe an adult Drosophila taste assay which reflects the preference of the animals for a given tastant compound. This assay may be applied to animals of any genetic background to examine the taste preference for a desired soluble compound.
Casein-maltodextrin conjugate as an emulsifier for fabrication of structured calcium carbonate particles as dispersible fat globule mimetics

Abstract Dispersible fat globule mimetics (FGMs) are demanded in manufacturing reduced fat products. The objective of the present study was to fabricate a group of FGMs with calcium carbonate particles (CCPs) as the core, coated with two sequential layers of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and milk protein. The fabrication involved two steps: emulsifying an oil phase with CCPs suspended in AMF into an aqueous phase with dissolved emulsifiers to create an S/O/W suspension and spray drying the suspension. Experimentally, CCPs were suspended at 20–33.3% w/w in melted AMF at 80 °C that was then emulsified at 5% w/v into a neutral aqueous phase with 5% w/v sodium caseinate (NaCas), 10% w/v casein–maltodextrin (MD) conjugates, or 5% w/v NaCas and 5% w/v MD. Particle structures, encapsulation performance, and properties of skim milk hydrated with spray-dried powder were studied. The casein-MD conjugate treatment had the smallest particles (3.25 μm), the best encapsulation performance, and the best stability in skim milk (an increase of particle size by 30.5% after 10-day storage at 5 °C). Overall, casein-MD conjugates are better emulsifiers than NaCas in preparation of the studied FGMs that may be used to simultaneously improve sensory properties and increase the calcium content of reduced-fat products.
High-Impact Practices in Materials Science Education: Student Research Internships Leading to Pedagogical Innovation in STEM Laboratory Learning Activities

Traditional lecture-centered approaches alone are inadequate for preparing students for the challenges of creative problem solving in the STEM disciplines. As an alternative, learnercentered and other high-impact pedagogies are gaining prominence. The Wabash College 3D Printing and Fabrication Center (3D-PFC) supports several initiatives on campus, but one of the most successful is a computer-aided design (CAD) and fabrication-based undergraduate research internship program. The first cohort of four students participated in an eight-week program during the summer of 2015. A second group of the four students was successfully recruited to participate the following summer. This intensive materials science research experience challenged students to employ digital design and fabrication in the design, testing, and construction of inexpensive scientific instrumentation for use in introductory STEM courses at Wabash College. The student research interns ultimately produced a variety of successful new designs that could be produced for less than $25 per device and successfully detect analytes of interest down to concentrations in the parts per million (ppm) range. These student-produced instruments have enabled innovations in the way introductory instrumental analysis is taught on campus. Beyond summer work, the 3D-PFC staffed student interns during the academic year, where they collaborated on various cross-disciplinary projects with students and faculty from departments such as mathematics, physics, biology, rhetoric, history, classics, and English. Thus far, the student work has led to three campus presentations, four presentations at national professional conferences, and three peer-reviewed publications. The following report highlights initial progress as well as preliminary assessment findings.
Photon-jet correlations in sNN=5.02 TeV pp and Pb + Pb collisions with ATLAS at the LHC

Abstract Nuclear collisions which produce a high p T prompt photon offer a useful way to study the dynamics of the hot, dense medium produced in these events. Being colorless, photons are not influenced by the hot, dense medium. Thus, the outgoing photon serves as a tag of the initial parton flavors, and measures the initial parton p T before it is quenched by passage through the medium. In 2015, ATLAS sampled 0.49 nb − 1 and 26 pb − 1 of Pb+Pb and pp data at 5.02 TeV, respectively, with a high-level photon trigger that selects p T > 25 GeV photons with high efficiency. The larger prompt photon cross-section and integrated luminosity with respect to 2.76 TeV data allow for new differential studies of photon-jet correlations. In this talk, ATLAS results on photon-jet azimuthal and p T balance will be presented using photons with p T > 60 GeV photons and R = 0.4 , p T > 30 GeV jets. Double-differential distributions of the jet-to-photon p T ratio, x J γ , and of the azimuthal difference, Δ ϕ , is presented as a function of photon p T and event centrality.
An integrated 7-Gb/s 60-GHz communication link over single conductor wire using sommerfeld wave propagation in 65-nm CMOS

The low loss and wide dispersion-free bandwidth of Sommerfeld-wave propagation on a single conductor wire (SCW) promises energy-efficient high data rate links. The first fully-integrated end-to-end wireline transceiver system on a SCW using Sommerfeld-wave propagation mode is demonstrated using a 60-GHz carrier frequency. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the proposed system includes on-chip radial-mode antennas as well as integrated serializers, 60-GHz OOK modulator, demodulator, deserializers and clocking. The link achieves 7 Gb/s data rate across 20-cm of 26AWG bare copper wire (diameter = 0.4 mm), while consuming 70.9 mW of power. Operating at 6 Gb/s and 7 Gb/s, this work achieves BER < 10−12 and 10−5 respectively.
“I Know She Loves It”: Narrative Analysis of One Man’s Justifications for Reproductive Control in an Intimate Relationship:

This study provides a close narrative analysis of one man’s justification for gaining reproductive control over an intimate partner. Frequent narrative disjunction, or inconsistency within narrativ...
Analysis for negative line loss, higher voltage at downstream node and active and reactive components of capacitor current

In IEEE’s load flow simulation results for 13-bus system, 34-bus system and 123-bus system, it was found that line losses in some feeders are negative. In a study, it was also found that, the volta...
Developing High Potentials for Innovation in Young People Through the Schoolwide Enrichment Model

Abstract: The Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM): (1) focuses on a pedagogy that brings innovative productive persons to our attention; and (2) organizes programs around a continuum of services model that accommodates a wide variety of potentials across academic domains as well as other areas of human endeavor. The SEM also applies the knowledge gained about how we can help students become more innovative to the process of school change and improvement. Based on the belief that ‘a rising tide lifts all ships’, the SEM includes specific vehicles for providing all students with opportunities for ‘high end’ learning, creativity, and innovative thinking.
El fracaso del diálogo migratorio transatlántico en Vientos de agua

Este articulo analiza las connotaciones afectivas del dialogo transatlantico que propone la serie hispano-argentina Vientos de agua en su proyecto de instaurar una comunidad de significado comun para todos los sujetos victimas de estructuras de dominacion, ya sean politicas o economicas. A traves de las historias paralelas de Argentina y Espana, se establece una conexion entre el poder disruptivo del fascismo espanol a principios del siglo XX con el del capitalismo en Argentina a principios del siglo XXI, proponiendo la deconstruccion de una serie de estructuras binarias herederas del discurso colonial al establecerse las categorias universales de victima e inmigrante. Consideramos este proyecto fallido dado el tratamiento de ciertos personajes que en ultima instancia quedan excluidos del circuito afectivo. Concluimos que estas estrategias se resuelven en la preponderancia del espacio peninsular, asi como en la exclusion del elemento indigena y africano de la supuesta nueva comunidad de significado, resultando en el fracaso del dialogo migratorio transatlantico.
Reductive Cleavage Method for Quantitation of Monolignols and Low-Abundance Monolignol Conjugates.

As interest in biomass utilization has grown, the manipulation of lignin biosynthesis has received significant attention, such that recent work has demanded more robust lignin analytical methods. As the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method is particularly effective for structurally characterizing natively acylated lignins, we used an array of synthetic β-ether γ-acylated model compounds to determine theoretical yields for all monolignol conjugates currently known to exist in lignin, and we synthesized a new set of deuterated analogs as internal standards for quantification using GC-MS/MS. Yields of the saturated ester conjugates ranged from 40 to 90 %, and NMR analysis revealed the presence of residual unsaturated conjugates in yields of 20 to 35 %. In contrast to traditional selected-ion-monitoring, we demonstrated the superior sensitivity and accuracy of multiple-reaction-monitoring detection methods, and further highlighted the inadequacy of traditional standards relative to isotopically labeled analogs.
Cost Savings of Implementing Site-Specific Ground Motion Response Analysis in the Design of Short-Period Mississippi Embayment Bridges:

Deep dynamic site characterization and a site-specific ground motion response analysis (SSGMRA) were conducted for a bridge site in Monette, Arkansas. The SSGMRA indicated the design acceleration r...
Cross-Cultural Studies of Dream Content

In this chapter, we present findings on dream content from a wide range of other nations and cultures. Some of these cultures are very similar to the United States in level of education or degree of urbanization and industrialization. Others are preliterate in nature, including some of the smallest and least structured societies in the world. Whatever the size of the society or its material base, however, the chapter shows there are both similarities and understandable differences in the findings when compared with our norms. The chapter begins with findings from such modern nation-states as the Netherlands, Argentina, India, and Japan, and then turns to findings on dreams collected by cultural anthropologists in past decades from small-scale societies.
Progress and Prospects of Stress Analysis in Plasticity

Progress and prospects of elastic-plastic stress analysis at finite strain are considered by means of a discussion of metal-forming theory. A complete stress and deformation analysis of a metal-forming process is necesssary in order to assess the onset of metal-forming defects such as the initiation of internal or surface cracks, the generation of high residual stresses or the occurrence of local flow abnormalities. In order to evaluate stresses throughout the material it is necessary to carry out an elastic-plastic analysis since rigid-plastic theory can only predict stresses in the regions exhibiting significant current plastic flow. A finite-element computer program to evaluate complete stress and deformation distributions has been developed and applied to the extrusion process. The results bring new insights to the assessment of the extrusion process. However, more general material characteristics and process conditions need to be incorporated in order to have a generally applicable theory.
Multiscale Modeling of a Germanium Quantum Dot in Silicon

A method is described for multiscale modeling of a quantum dot in a semiconductor solid containing a free surface. The method is based upon the use of lattice-statics and continuum Green’s functions integrated with classical molecular dynamics. It fully accounts for the nonlinear discrete lattice effects inside and close to the quantum dot, discrete lattice structure of the host solid near the quantum dot and reduces asymptotically to the macroscopic continuum model near the free surface. Our method can model a large crystallite containing, for example, a million atoms without excessive CPU effort and it connects nanoscales seamlessly to macroscales. The method relates the physical processes such as lattice distortion at the atomistic level to measurable macroscopic parameters such as strains at a free surface in the solid. The method is applied to calculate the lattice distortion around a Ge quantum dot in Si. Preliminary numerical results are reported.
Bottom Lines and Deadlines: Examining Local Digital News Startups’ Content Across Different Revenue-earning Sites

This study examines independent news startups with self-reported revenue earnings in high-, middle-, and low-income categories and compares them in the areas of news content creation. The findings,...
An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery.

Background Mechanisms underlying physical inactivity-induced insulin resistance are not well understood. In addition to a role in muscle repair, immune cell populations such as macrophages may regulate insulin sensitivity. Aim The aim of this study was to examine if the dynamic changes in insulin sensitivity during and after recovery from reduced physical activity corresponded to changes in skeletal muscle macrophages. Methods In this prospective clinical study, we collected muscle biopsies from healthy older adults (70 ± 2 years, n = 12) before and during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and this occurred before (PRE) and after 2-week reduced physical activity (RA), and following 2-week of recovery (REC). Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp), skeletal muscle mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, and immunofluorescent quantification of skeletal muscle macrophages, myofibre-specific satellite cell and capillary content were assessed. Results Insulin sensitivity was decreased following reduced activity and rebounded following recovery above PRE levels. We observed an increase (P 0.57, P Conclusion These findings suggested that a dynamic response of skeletal muscle macrophages following acute changes in physical activity in healthy older adults is related to insulin sensitivity.
Dietary restraint and weight loss in relation to disinhibited eating in obese Veterans following a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Abstract Ability to restrain one's dietary intake is a necessary skill for weight loss. However, dietary restraint has been shown to paradoxically increase disinhibited eating in certain populations, thereby negatively impacting weight loss and leading to worse overall health outcomes. The aim of this study was to address gaps in the literature regarding the relationships between separate facets of dietary restraint (intention; behavior) with weight loss and various types of disinhibited eating (binge eating, external eating, emotional eating) in overweight and obese adults who recently completed a weight loss intervention. A sample of mostly male Veterans with overweight and obesity (N = 88) self-reported their dietary restraint intention, restraint behavior, and current disinhibited eating following completion of an 8-week behavioral weight loss treatment. Greater dietary restraint intention was related to greater dietary restraint behavior, p .05. Greater dietary restraint intention was related to greater current binge eating and external eating, while greater self-reported restraint behavior was related to less binge eating, p
Interrelationships Between Household Chaos, Children's ADHD Tendencies, and Diet Quality (P11-113-19)

Household environment, diet, and inattention/hyperactivity tendencies have been shown to influence children's physical and cognitive development. However, these factors are often studied independently. Therefore, there is little knowledge on the interrelationships between household environment, diet, and children's ADHD tendencies. This study aimed to investigate relationships between ADHD tendencies, household chaos, and diet quality among 4 and 5-year olds. Four and five-year-old children (n = 55, 22 females) were recruited from the East-Central Illinois area. Participants’ parents completed two surveys and a seven-day food record. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV Home Version questionnaire and the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) questionnaire were used to assess inattention/hyperactivity tendencies and household chaos, respectively. Diet records were analyzed using the Nutrition Data Systems for Research (NDSR) 2015 to estimate Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores (HEI-2015). All measures were self-reported by the child's caregiver. Using Spearman's bivariate correlations, total HEI score was negatively and significantly related to hyperactivity tendencies (r = –.24, P = .04) and total raw scores (r = –.24, P = .04). CHAOS was positively and significantly related to inattention tendencies (r = .24, P = .04), hyperactivity tendencies (r = .31, P = .01), and total raw scores (r = .31, P = .01). CHAOS indicated no significant relationship with total HEI score. Using partial correlations while controlling for age, sex, income, and gender, household chaos was positively and significantly related to hyperactivity tendencies (r = .28, P = .03) and total raw scores (r = .28 P = .03). Additionally, total HEI score was no longer significantly related to inattention or hyperactivity tendencies. These findings suggest that children's tendencies of hyperactivity and inattention are associated with commotion in the household environment. Additional research is necessary to determine the potential of dietary factors in this relationship. This work was supported by the National Dairy Council and the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health.
Assignment of backbone resonances in a eukaryotic protein kinase - ERK2 as a representative example

A first step towards the analysis of the structure, dynamics and interactions of proteins by NMR is obtaining an acceptable level of resonance assignments. This process is non-trivial in most eukaryotic kinases given their size and sub-optimal behavior in solution. Using inactive ERK2 as a representative example we describe the procedures we utilized to achieve a significant degree of completeness of backbone resonance assignment.
Clinical and genetic study of a child with delayed language development carrying ring 22 and a 22q13 microdeletion

Objective To explore the genetic basis for a child featuring delayed language development. Methods The patient was subjected to conventional G-banding chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) analysis. Results The karyotype of the child was 46, XY, r(22)(p11.2q13). SNP array analysis has identified a hemizygous 1.67 Mb deletion at 22q13 (arr[Hg19]22q13.33 (49 531 302-51 197 766)×1). Conclusion The child has carried a ring 22 in addition with a 22q13 microdeletion. The results may provide clues for her condition and genetic counseling for the family. Key words: Ring chromosome 22; 22q13 microdeletion syndrome; Language developmental delay
Two-level cervical disc arthroplasty in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.

Background Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is defined by multiple abnormal segments of the cervical spine with congenital synostosis of two or more cervical vertebrae. KFS patients who demonstrate progressive symptomatic instability and/or neurologic sequelae are traditionally managed with operative decompression and arthrodesis. Case description A 44-year-old female with chronic neck pain and radiculopathy and a C7-T1 KFS presented with adjacent segment degenerative disc disease at the C5-6 and C6-7 levels. She was successfully managed with a two-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Conclusion Patients with KFS and disease at two contiguous, adjacent levels (e.g., cervical disc disease) may be safely and effectively managed with two-level CDA.
Combining Automatic Labelers and Expert Annotations for Accurate Radiology Report Labeling Using BERT

The extraction of labels from radiology text reports enables large-scale training of medical imaging models. Existing approaches to report labeling typically rely either on sophisticated feature engineering based on medical domain knowledge or manual annotations by experts. In this work, we introduce a BERT-based approach to medical image report labeling that exploits both the scale of available rule-based systems and the quality of expert annotations. We demonstrate superior performance of a biomedically pretrained BERT model first trained on annotations of a rule-based labeler and then finetuned on a small set of expert annotations augmented with automated backtranslation. We find that our final model, CheXbert, is able to outperform the previous best rules-based labeler with statistical significance, setting a new SOTA for report labeling on one of the largest datasets of chest x-rays.
The New Kids on the Block: Sustainable Development in the IIAs of Emerging Economies

How do states incorporate sustainable development into their international investment policy? The scarce research that exists on this topic has exclusively focused on the traditionally dominant (i.e., Western) states, while more recently emerging economic players have been left unexamined. This paper argues that this oversight is problematic in that the academic literature has found substantial policy differences in how the two types of countries approach other forms of international interactions, such as the protection of human rights abroad. It follows that we may be missing an essential piece of the full global investment regime puzzle, whereby the ‘new kids on the block’ mentioned above are more likely to pursue development policies in their bilateral agreements. The present investigation takes the first step in mapping out the distinct patterns across country types in this regard by extending a valuable existing dataset on IIA development analysis to include 99 new agreements. Overall, the results show strong support for the proposed theoretical framework and suggest that the ‘new kids on the block’ will be the pioneers of tomorrow’s sustainable development movement vis-a-vis international investment agreements.
Impact of tillage on the spatial distribution of CH4 and N2O in the soil profile of late rice fields

Abstract To better understand the effects of tillage on the spatial heterogeneity of CH4 and N2O in the soil profile of late rice fields, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the impacts of tillage methods (rotary tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT)) on the spatial patterns and influential factors of CH4 and N2O in the soil pore water under different fertilization treatments (inorganic fertilizer with straw (FS) and no fertilizer (CK)). The results showed that great spatial variation was observed in the concentrations of CH4 and N2O in the soil profile. The content of CH4 in the soil pore water was significantly higher in the deep layer (−17.5 cm ∼ −22.5 cm) than the upper layer (−2.5 cm ∼ −7.5 cm) for NT-CK; but it was opposite for NT-FS. RT significantly increased the content of CH4 in the soil pore water at depths of −7.5 cm, −12.5 cm, and −17.5 cm as compared with NT irrespective fertilization. High values of N2O were observed in the deep layer (−17.5 cm ∼ −22.5 cm) for NT-CK, middle layer (−7.5 cm ∼ −15 cm) for RT-CK, upper layer (−2.5 cm ∼ −10.0 cm) for NT-FS, and across the whole profile for RT-FS. The horizontal distribution of CH4 did not show a significant difference at different distances from the rice plant, whereas the horizontal distribution of N2O showed a general pattern where high values of N2O occurred at a distance from the rice plants. The results of classification and regression tree (CART) analysis showed that K+ and PO43− presented relatively higher importance to the spatial heterogeneity of CH4 and N2O in the soil profile of late rice fields, in contrast to the contents of carbon and nitrogen. These results provide detailed insight into the spatial distribution and influential factors of CH4 and N2O in the soil profile of rice fields.
Engaging Teachers to Co-Design Integrated AI Curriculum for K-12 Classrooms

Artificial Intelligence (AI) education is an increasingly popular topic area for K-12 teachers. However, little research has investigated how AI curriculum and tools can be designed to be more accessible to all teachers and learners. In this study, we take a Value-Sensitive Design approach to understanding the role of teacher values in the design of AI curriculum and tools, and identifying opportunities to integrate AI into core curriculum to leverage learners’ interests. We organized co-design workshops with 15 K-12 teachers, where teachers and researchers co-created lesson plans using AI tools and embedding AI concepts into various core subjects. We found that K-12 teachers need additional scaffolding in AI tools and curriculum to facilitate ethics and data discussions, and value supports for learner evaluation and engagement, peer-to-peer collaboration, and critical reflection. We present an exemplar lesson plan that shows entry points for teaching AI in non-computing subjects and reflect on co-designing with K-12 teachers in a remote setting.
Paravertebral analgesia in transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Introduction Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an option for patients who are not candidates for traditional aortic valve surgery but have severe aortic stenosis and unfavorable ileo-femoral anatomy. Epidural analgesia in these cases has been associated with improved morbidity and mortality. The following manuscript presents the findings of an initial clinical experience employing paravertebral analgesia for patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Complete Network Modeling and Simulation

This chapter contains sections titled: Complete Network M&S Platforms IEEE HLA (1516) Complete Network Simulation Examples
Reconstruction and energetics of the polar (112) and ( 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 2 ¯ ) versus the nonpolar (220) surfaces of CuInSe 2

First-principles total-energy calculation reveals a number of (112) and $(1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})$ surface structures stable at different atomic chemical potentials. All of the stable structures are charge compensated, thus semiconducting, either by cation-on-cation antisites, cation vacancies, Se adatoms, or by Se addimers. This structural richness raises the possibility for engineering ${\mathrm{CuInSe}}_{2}/\mathrm{Cu}({\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{x}){\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ material properties by surface control during the growth. The experimentally observed puzzling spontaneous decomposition of the (220)/(204) surfaces into (112) and $(1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})$ is also confirmed by calculating individual surface energies.
Mapping a Terrain for Homeplace

As Claudia Ruitenberg points out in her essay “Deconstructing the Experience of the Local: Toward a Radical Pedagogy of Place,” there has been considerable recent interest in place-based education (PBE). She frames PBE as emerging in response to the postmodern condition characterized by rootlessness, instability, displacement, anonymity, and physical and virtual mobility. The dominant perspective of PBE, according to Ruitenberg, is “rooted in phenomenology: it honors and inquires into the lived experiences of embodied beings in particular places and times.” While she admits that PBE may have positive effects — contextualizing knowledge and countering student alienation — she argues that its phenomenological stance puts it at risk of essentializing and sentimentalizing existing localities, relations, and identities; of “re-inscribing notions of innocence and purity” of place, of aiding and abetting “discourses that claim our true selves are inextricably bound up with our homeland or ‘native soil’.”
CT scan and MRI in the definition of the epileptogenic lesion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computed tomography (CT) scans in terms of underlying etiology of the epilepsy. For the evaluation of a first seizure, CT should always be done if the patient's history and/or focal neurological signs make an acute symptomatic cause likely. All patients should undergo MRI evaluation in a timely manner. The only exceptions are if a diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome can be established that is known to have normal imaging studies, such as clearly documented primary generalized epilepsy on electroencephalography (EEG) in the appropriate clinical setting and patients with benign rolandic epilepsy. The structural cerebral abnormalities underlying epilepsy is identified with MRI. MRI had a major impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of epilepsy. MRI plays an important role of identifying single or multiple structural lesions responsible for the epileptic seizures and plays an important role in the differentiation between symptomatic, cryptogenic, and idiopathic epilepsies.
Two cheers for orphanages. [Reviews of: Zmora, N. Orphanages reconsidered: child care institutions in progressive era Baltimore, (Philadelphia, 1994); Friedman, R.S. These are our children: Jewish orphanages in the United States, 1880-1925, (1994); Cmiel, K. A home of another kind: one Chicago orphanage and the tangle of child welfare, (1995)].

Orphanages are much in the news today. In May 1994, soon-to-be House Majority Leader Newt Gingrich touched off a national uproar when he proposed denying welfare payments to unwed mothers under the age of twenty-one and placing the children they were unable to support in orphanages. Congressional Democrats denounced Gingrich's proposal as callous and wrongheaded; Hillary Rodham Clinton declared the idea "unbelievable and absurd."' Gingrich invited the first lady to visit Blockbuster Video and rent the 1938 movie Boys Town, which depicts an idealized vision of orphanages.2 Clinton advisor George Stephanopolous countered by promising to send Republicans a copy of Oliver Twist.3 The historical record has long favored the Democrats. Orphanages' unsavory reputation first surfaced during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Both Gilded Age and Progressive-era child-welfare reformers denounced them as jail-like, overcrowded, unsanitary institutions that both killed infants and warped children's moral development.4 The deinstitutionalization movement of the mid-1960s, directed primarily at residential treatment centers, revived the earlier animosity toward institutions.5 In the following two decades, the "new" social historians reinforced the negative image of orphanages by interpreting the motives of officials and policymakers and the function of social welfare institutions in terms of social control and
Rad-Hard Electronics Study for SSC Detectors

The radiation environment in a SSC detector operating at a luminosity of 1033 cm−2s−1 will put stringent requirements on radiation hardness of the electronics. Over the expected 10 year life-time of a large detector, ionizing radiation doses of up to 20 MRad and neutron fluences of 1016 neutrons/cm2 are projected. At a luminosity of 1034 cm−2s−1 even higher total doses are expected. The effect of this environment have been simulated by exposing CMOS/bulk and CMOS/SOS devices from monolithic processes to neutrons and ionizing radiation. Leakage currents, noise variations, and DC characteristics have been measured before and after exposure in order to evaluate the effects of the irradiations. As expected the device characteristics remained virtually unchanged by neutron irradiation, while ionizing radiation caused moderate degradation of performance.
Preparation of a Highly Purified Phenylalanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid

Abstract A large sample of highly purified phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli B was prepared by reversed phase chromatography followed by gel filtration to remove ribonucleic acid contaminants of higher molecular weight. The phenylalanine acceptance and terminal adenosine content of this sample were identical, indicating that the sample was all active phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid. An independent measurement of purity obtained on a weight basis gave a minimum value of 83%. Preliminary data indicate that the phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid molecular weight is approximately 26,000.
Cost Based Data Dissemination in Broadcast Networks

We consider the problem of data dissemination in a broad- cast network. In contrast to previously studied models, broadcasting is among peers, rather than client server. Such a model represents, for example, satellite communication among widely distributed nodes, sensor networks, and mobile ad-hoc networks. We introduce a cost model for data dissemination in peer to peer broadcast networks. The model quantifies the tradeoff between the inconsistency of the data, and its transmission cost; the transmission cost may be given in terms of dollars, energy, or bandwidth. Using the model we first determine the parameters for which eager (i.e. consistent) replication has a lower cost than lazy (i.e. inconsistent) replication. Then we introduce a lazy broadcast policy and compare it with several naive or traditional approaches to solving the problem.
Assessment of Spirituality and Religion in Later Life

Abstract The authors of this article present a brief set of questions to be used in direct practice encounters with the aged. Founded on a body of research literature that suggests a positive relationship between higher levels of spiritual and religious activities and well being among the aged. These open-ended questions are designed to assist practitioners working with the elderly explore the role religion and spirituality play in their lives with respect to affective and instrumental support and meaning making. This short inventory can be integrated into any bio-psycho-social assessment or at any point in the helping relationship.
Plaque Assay for Rabies Serogroup Viruses in Vero Cells

Plaque formation in Vero cells has been induced with seven rabies serogroup viruses either cocultivated as infected BHK-21 or Aedes albopictus cells, or directly cultivated as infected mouse brain.
Risk factors for depression in breast cancer survivors: an update

Resumen en: Depression is the most common affective disorder in cancer patients. Understanding risk factors for depression or elevated depressive symptoms is key to ...
Coulomb distortion effects in deep-inelastic electron scattering

Abstract The effects of the Coulomb distortion of the electron wave functions in the description of the electron scattering processes in the quasi-elastic region are discussed. A method to extract longitudinal and transverse response functions considering these effects is presented. While the transverse response function is remarkably affected by the Coulomb distortion, the values of the longitudinal response function are practically unchanged.
Acute urinary retention due to ectopic pregnancy

Two cases of ectopic pregnancy are presented in which acute urinary retention was a salient clinical feature. The emergency physician must consider ectopic pregnancy in the differential diagnosis in any woman of child-bearing age with abdominal, pelvic, or urinary complaints.
Effects of Somatic Dysfunction on Leg Length and Weight Bearing

Context Somatic dysfunctions of the pelvis, sacrum, and lumbar spine are common. Their association with leg length discrepancies has been observed; however, it is unclear which dysfunctions lead to mild changes in leg length or weight bearing distribution in asymptomatic individuals. Objectives To determine which somatic dysfunctions of the pelvic, sacral, and lumbar spine lead to minor leg length discrepancies and weight-bearing differences and to determine which of these dysfunctions are most common in the asymptomatic population. Methods Asymptomatic participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years without a recent history of trauma were enrolled. Participants were measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus; only those with mild leg length discrepancies (less than a quarter inch) were included. Weight-bearing distribution through each lower extremity was measured on a quadruped scale. Participants were then evaluated for somatic dysfunctions of the pelvis, sacrum, and lower lumbar spine. Results Ninety-eight participants completed the study. The most common somatic dysfunctions were superior innominate shears, left-on-left sacral torsions, and right rotated lower lumbar spine segments. Several statistically significant associations were found. Most participants with right anterior innominate dysfunctions exhibited an ipsilateral longer leg and a contralateral shorter leg when measured in the supine position (P=.05). Participants with a left superior shear tended to exhibit a shorter left leg in the supine position (P=.05). For sacral somatic dysfunctions, participants with a left-on-left sacral torsion tended to exhibit a shorter left leg while standing (P=.02). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between right anterior innominate rotation dysfunctions and weight-bearing differences (P=.02). A greater percentage of patients with a right anterior innominate dysfunction bore more weight through their left lower extremity (45%). Conclusion Specific pelvic and sacral somatic dysfunctions have the potential to influence leg lengths, leading to mild disparities in length and in weight-bearing distribution through the lower extremities. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01097109).
Sequential algorithms, deterministic parallelism, and intensional expressiveness

We call language L1intensionally more expressive than L2 if there are functions which can be computed faster in L1 than in L2. We study the intensional expressiveness of several languages: the Berry-Curien programming language of sequential algorithms, CDS0, a deterministic parallel extension to it, named CDSP, and various parallel extensions to the functional programming language PCF. The paper consists of two parts.In the first part, we show that CDS0 can compute the minimum of two numbers n and p in unary representation in time O(min(n,p)). However, it cannot compute a “natural” version of this function. CDSP allows us to compute this function, as well as functions like parallel-or. This work can be seen as an extension of the work of Colson with primitive recursive algorithms to the setting of sequential algorithms.In the second part, we show that deterministic parallelism adds intensional expressiveness, settling a “folk” conjecture from the literature in the negative. We show that CDSP is more expressive intensionally than CDS0. We also study three parallel extensions to PCF: parallel-or (por) and parallel conditionals on booleans (pifo) and integers (pifi). The situation is more complicated there: pifi is still more expressive than both pifo and por. However, pifi still is not as expressive as the deterministic query construct of CDSP. Thus, we identify a hierarchy of intensional expressiveness for deterministic parallelism.
Programmed error recovery for APLSV

This paper describes a facility for programmed error recovery, comparable to PL/I ON conditions, which has been implemented in APLSV.