cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contributions in the First 21st Century Decade to Environmental Health Vector Borne Disease Research

A selective review of recent concepts, events and major recent research methodologies, and educational approaches in the field of vector-borne disease are drawn together in this article. Since vector borne disease is a major contributor to world disease bur- dens, and also comprises list of neglected diseases, recent research in the field elucidates the uncertain and far-reaching consequences of these diseases to human health and well-being. Some of the specific findings included in this review are the following: Chickungunya virus disease range is changing as a result of global climate change; Tick-borne disease vaccinations are being pursued with the help of PCR techniques; the wide availability of remote sensing and ecology are providing habitat surveillance tools to improve predictability of risk areas; environmental health education approaches are incorporating community and cultural aspects to improve success and reduce risk.
Effects of iso- and hetero-antibodies against specific antigens of the transplantable Novikoff hepatoma of the rat (solid form).

Effects of Iso- and Hetero-Antibodies Against Specific Antigens of the Transplantable Novikoff Hepatoma of the Rat (Solid Form)
Science operations for LCOGT - a global telescope network

The Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network comprises nine 1-meter and two 2-meter telescopes, all robotic and dynamically scheduled, at five sites spanning the globe. Instrumentation includes optical imagers and low-dispersion spectrographs. A suite of high-dispersion, high-stability spectrographs is being developed for deployment starting late this year. The network has been designed and built to allow regular monitoring of time-variable or moving objects with any cadence, as well as rapid response to external alerts. Our intent is to operate it in a totally integrated way, both in terms of scheduling and in terms of data quality. The unique attributes of the LCOGT network make it different enough from any existing facility that alternative approaches to optimize science productivity can be considered. The LCOGT network V1.0 began full science operations this year. It is being used in novel ways to undertake investigations related to supernovae, microlensing events, solar system objects, and exoplanets. The network’s user base includes a number of partners, who are providing resources to the collaboration. A key project program brings together many of these partners to carry out large projects. In the long term, our vision is to operate the network as a part of a time-domain system, in which pre-planned monitoring observations are interspersed with autonomously detected and classified events from wide-area surveys.
Maximum-entropy reconstruction of two-body potentials from noisy scattering amplitudes

Abstract A maximum-entropy method of data analysis previously applied in astrophysics is adapted to the problem of obtaining the shape of a central potential from noisy scattering-amplitude data. The method is applied to a simplified nucleon-nucleon scattering problem in the case where the interaction is purely repulsive. The entropy of the potential distribution is maximized subject to the constraint that the scattering-amplitude data, which is related to the potential distribution through a Born integral plus gaussian noise, has a χ 2 per degree of freedom of 1. Good results, limited only by the quality of the data and the maximum value of the momentum transfer used, are obtained for synthetic data generated from exponential and gaussian potentials.
THE LAYER OF MAXIMUM WIND

Abstract The three-dimensional wind field in the vicinity of the jet stream is defined with the aid of four parameters: mean wind speed and direction, thickness, and mean altitude of the Layer of Maximum Wind (LMW). Routine methods of analysis of these quantities are discussed in view of the reliability of available wind data, and a statistical treatment of these quantities reveals the mean horizontal and vertical structure of the LMW. Forecasts of the LMW are attempted by means of a grid or “box” method, and a control-line method.
MODELS OF PERIODIC MARKETING AND THE SPATIOTEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF MARKET PLACES

The spatiotemporal pattern of periodic market places depends upon the function of the marketing system in a region. Market places that facilitate local exchange would be located differently from those that facilitate interregional trade or provide urban goods to rural areas. The effects of changes in transport infrastructure and consumer behavior on market location patterns also depend upon the organization of the marketing system. The process of market organization implicit in the “consumer hypothesis'’is in contradiction with the theoretical models of periodic markets.
Salmonella in the American cockroach: outcome of natural invasion of the hemocele.

When American cockroaches were fed Salmonella enteritidis serotype Typhimurium, their hemoceles were found to be infected with the bacteria within the 1st hour. To determine the importance of this mechanism of infection in the establishment of a carrier state, the course of Salmonella persistence in the hemolymph was examined. Approximately 80 bacteria were found in the hemocele after 12 hr. The infection persisted for 5 days and was gradually climinated by the insects' cellular defenses. Evidence for cellular elimination is presented in experiments in which approximately 102 salmonellae were injected into the hemocele. The bacteria persisted for 3 days in males and 6 days in females at 22°C; these sexual differences are correlated with a higher total hemocyte count in males. Latex beads with the same inoculum of Salmonella prolonged persistence to 8 days in males. At 27°C, persistence was decreased to 4 days in females. Additional evidence that phagocytes are mainly responsible for clearing the hemolymph is the large number of rods present in the phagocytes of cockroaches injected with salmonellae and their absence in controls.
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation during intra-arterial papaverine therapy for vasospasm: Case report

Cerebral arterial vasospasm continues to be a major secondary medical complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite hypervolemic hemodilution, arterial hypertension, and pharmacological therapy, morbidity and mortality due to vasospasm remain high. The authors discuss a patient with vasospasm who did not respond to traditional medical therapy and who underwent intra-arterial papaverine infusions while being monitored with transcranial cerebral oximetry. Oximetry during the procedure revealed significant improvements in brain regional saturation of oxygen, with the relief of vasospasm that correlated with clinical improvements in the patient's neurological status. Transcranial cerebral oximetry was used to monitor regional oxygen saturation throughout the angiographic and interventional procedures, providing continuous, real-time, clinically relevant information about the effects of vasospasm and its treatment.
Mission-based reporting in academic psychiatry.

Objective: This article describes a data entry and analysis system called Mission-Based Reporting (MBR) that is used to measure faculty and department activities related to specific academic missions and objectives. The purpose of MBR is to provide a reporting tool useful in evaluating faculty effort and in helping chairs 1) to better assess their department’s performance in relation to other departments and their school as a whole, 2) to plan for the future, and 3) to reward individual faculty members. Methods: Mission-Based Reporting summaries, generated for each faculty member and each department, illustrate contributions to each of four missions: research, teaching, clinical service, and administrative/public service. Data from MBR can be used to evaluate whether faculty scholarly contributions are appropriate to their rank and series. That report provides data from the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California and the University of California Davis School of Medicine (UC Davis). Conclusions: Mission-Based Reporting is a useful management tool for department and school administrators. Improvements in implementation are proposed.
Diabetes in Rats and its Alleviation with Sodium Chloride.

SummaryThe report that approximately one-half of adult rats of the “Yale” strain show a diabetic tendency, as indicated by a low tolerance to glucose administered intraperitoneally, has been confirmed. This tendency is more marked in older rats than in younger ones. The administration of sodium chloride isotonic with the injected glucose results in a normal tolerance to glucose, both in intact rats showing the diabetic trait and in partially pancreatectomized rats.
An abiotic model for stromatolite morphogenesis

STROMATOLITES are laminated, accretionary structures, which are commonly regarded to have formed by the sediment-binding or precipitating activities of ancient microbial mats or biofilms (composed mainly of cyanobacteria), possibly supplemented by abiotic surface precipitation1–4. Stromatolites are thus considered to be a proxy for early life on Earth, as the record of these structures extends back to 3.5 Gyr ago5. But as stromatolites only rarely contain fossil microbes, their biogenicity is tacitly assumed on the basis of morphological comparisons with modern, demonstrably biological, structures6. Little is known about the physical, chemical and biological processes that controlled the growth of ancient stromatolites4 and, with pioneering exceptions7–9, the analysis of the inherent geometric characteristics of the structures has not been pursued. Here we present a morphological characterization of ancient stromatolites that have growth surfaces with self-afime fractal geometry. We deduce, from both the microscopic textures and the fractal dimension, a purely abiotic dynamical model of stromatolite surface growth that combines chemical precipitation on the growing interface, fallout and diffusive rearrangement of suspended sediment, and uncorrelated random noise. This result calls into question the assumption that organisms—even if present—necessarily played an essential role in determining stromatolite morphology during times when precipitation at the sea floor was common, such as the earlier Precambrian.
Familias transfronterizas y familias transnacionales: algunas reflexiones

Como institucion social, la familia esta sujeta a procesos de cambio que resultan tanto de su dinamica interna como de las transformaciones sociales que experimenta la sociedad en su conjunto. Asi mismo, se espera que dichos cambios en la familia actuen, en el mediano y largo plazos, sobre el orden social reafirmandolo o bien modificandolo.
Autoimmune myocarditis: a paradigm of post-infection autoimmune disease

Abstract Infection with Coxsackievirus B 3 often leads to myocarditis — an inflammatory condition affecting the muscular walls of the heart. As Noel Rose and colleagues review here, heart-reactive autoantibodies produced as an unusual consequence of infection in some strains of mice were reactive with cardiac-specific myosin. Moreover, myosin (with complete Freund's adjuvant) could reproduce late-phase myocarditis when injected into susceptible mice. Hence, this virus appears to expose or release cardiac myosin and thereby initiates autoimmune myocarditis in genetically susceptible hosts.
Redesigning the NEDD8 Pathway with a Bacterial Genetic Screen for Ubiquitin-Like Molecule Transfer

Pathways of ubiquitin-like (UBL) molecule transfer regulate a myriad of cellular cascades. Here, we report a high-throughput assay that correlates catalytic human NEDD8 transfer to bacterial survival. The assay was utilized to screen mutant NEDD8 and NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme) libraries to engineer a more stable NEDD8 and redesign the NEDD8–NAE interface. This approach will be useful in understanding the specificities underlying UBL pathways.
Development of a radioimmunoassay for some agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method was developed for determination of superactive GH-RH agonist Dat1,Ala15,Nle27 GH-RH(1-28)Agm29 (MZ-2-51) and some of the related analogs in biological fluids. The analogs were radioiodinated using the Bolton-Hunter method. For the generation of antibodies, rabbits were immunized with MZ-2-51 and its C-terminal derivative Nle27 GH-RH(17-28)Agm29, conjugated to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The resulting antibodies exhibited high affinity and very low cross-reactivity with related, naturally occurring peptides, enabling us to set up a sensitive and specific RIA. High cross-reactions with some of the MZ-2-51 derivatives like MZ-3-149 (40%) and related compounds made it possible for us to also assay these analogs with the same antibody. At B/Bo of 23-37%, the final dilutions of the antibodies ranged from 1:35000 to 1:120000. The minimal detectable concentration of MZ-2-51 was 1.4 fmol (4.6 pg)/tube. The intra- and inter-assay variations were 2.2-4.1% and 9.3-13.9%, respectively. The antibody permitted direct determination of the analogs, without extraction, from biological fluids and tissue extracts. The analogs proved to be stable in serum, and no special treatment of sample was required. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed in rats. Serum levels of GH-RH(1-29) and two of its analogs were monitored following subcutaneous injection. Serum concentration of the analogs and GH-RH(1-29) reached a peak 15 min after injection and returned to basal levels within 90-120 min. Serum GH levels also reached a peak in 15 min, but declined more slowly in the case of analogs than GH-RH(1-29). The biological half-life of both analogs was significantly longer than that of GH-RH(1-29), probably due to their reduced enzymatic degradation.
Don't Care discovery for FPGA configuration compression

One of the major overheads in reconfigurabl e computing is the time it takes to reconfigure the devices in the system. The configuration compression algorithm presented in our previous paper [Hauck98c] is one efficient technique for reducing this overhead. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for finding Don’t Care bits in configuration s to improve the compatibility of the configuration data. With the help of the Don’t Cares, higher configuration compression ratios can be achieved by using our modified configuration compression algorithm. This improves compression ratios of a factor of 7, where our original algorithm only achieved a factor of 4. 1. Configuration Compression FPGAs are often used as powerful hardware for applications that require high speed computation. One major benefit provided by FPGAs is the ability to reconfigure during execution. For systems in which reconfiguration was done infrequently, the time to reconfigure the FPGA was of little concern. However, as more and more applications involve run-time reconfiguration, fast reconfiguration of FPGAs becomes an important issue [Hauck98a]. In most systems an FPGA must sit idle while it is being reconfigured, wasting cycles that could otherwise be used to perform useful work. For example, applications on the DISC and DISC II system spend 25% [Withlin96] to 71% [Wirthlin95] of their execution time performing reconfiguration. Thus, a reduction in the amount of cycles wasted to reconfiguration can significantly improve performance. Previously, we have presented methods for overlapping reconfiguration with computation via configuration prefetching [Hauck98b]. We have also presented a technique for reducing the overhead by compressing the configuration datastreams [Hauck98c]. In this paper, we will present a technique for finding possible Don’t Cares in configuration data such that higher compression ratios can be achieved.
Causation, social manipulability, and free action

"Is A free in doing X in circumstances C? " As put here, the question is about freedom deemed necessary for justifiable credit, blame, reward, or punishment. Does it have any relevance, for answering the foregoing question, (for a particular class of A's, X's and C's) whether X is causally determined? (Here I am not concerned with the issue whether X is caused in some particular freedom-relevant way, but rather with causation as such of X.) I shall argue that there is normally at least one genuine incompatibility between freedom and causation as such. The nature of this conflict is not what is usually explicitly at issue in disputes over causation or determinism and free will. But it is related to such disputes in interesting ways, as I hope to show. It has been claimed by a number of philosophers, correctly I think, that the language of causation is closely linked to practical human activity. The claim probably applies to a number of distinct concepts of causation, including some which do not depend on universal laws, do not, as we shall say, involve causal determinism, but causation nonetheless. But the claim has also been stressed for a particular idea of causation which is apparently at issue in many disputes about the compatibility of free will and causal determinism. That is, the idea of a cause as a sufficient condition for what is caused, such that there is a causal law connecting the sort of event or state of affairs which the cause is, and the sort which the caused is. Douglas Gasking, in an essay which does not concern free will, but which sets forth an account of causation, writes:
One-to-One Encounters: Facilitators, Participants, and Friendship

In this article, I explore the claim that one-to-one encounters between community music facilitators and music participants can be described as friendships. By exploring the relational structure th...
Wide-angle Inversion For Density: Tests For Heavy-oil Reservoir Characterization

Summary Mass density, due to its linear relationship with porosity, has long been recognized as a potential seismic indicator of fluid saturation. Given its dependence on mineral composition density can also be diagnostic for lithology. In this paper we discuss some key aspects of a wide-angle processing and density inversion workflow, and apply it to a heavy-oil reservoir. In this field intra-reservoir shales typically have higher densities than surrounding reservoir sands. This wide-angle workflow yields stable density estimates, from reflected P waves alone, at a resolution suitable for mapping the intra-reservoir shales. Our field test indicates that data from an additional 15°20° of reflection-angle aperture, beyond the conventional 40° far-angle limit, act as an effective constraint on the inversion density solution. However, these wide (60°) reflection angles cannot be successfully processed and inverted with conventional workflows. Some of the key wide-angle considerations include anisotropic prestack imaging, a wavelet stretch correction and regularization of the inversion solution based on appropriate statistical constraints. Anisotropic imaging is required to position reflections from beyond 40° consistent with their corresponding small-angle image time. However, imaging introduces about 50% wavelet stretch in a 60° angle stack. A subsequent waveletstretch deconvolution reduced the stretch to about 13% (equivalent to stretch at 30°) in this test. These stretchcorrected angle gathers form the input data for a constrained linear prestack inversion. The constraining term characterizes statistical correlations between elastic properties measured in wellbores local to the field. This improves scaling and continuity of the density amplitudes, over and above the stability achieved by inverting wideangle data.
A population-based study of nonfatal childhood injuries

Abstract A random-digit-dialing telephone survey was used to assess the frequency and associated characteristics of childhood poisoning, burns, and head injuries in 1.213 San Diego County households having at least one child 14 years of age or younger at the time of the telephone interview in 1980. The survey population was representative of the general San Diego County population with regard to socioeconomic status and geographic distribution. The frequency of injuries judged to be serious enough to require medical care and the median ages for each injury were head injury, 4.2% and 5.5 years: burns, 4.0% and 2 years: and poisonings, 3.4% and 2 years. Forty-four percent of all poisonings were related to drugs. of which aspirin was the single most common medication. Hot liquids or hot surfaces were responsible for 52% of burns. The majority of head injuries (65%) were caused by falls, usually outside the home. Education was positively associated with poisonings. and income was negatively associated with burns. Children of caretakers working outside the home did not have higher injury rates than those whose caretakers were not so employed. Differences in caretaker attitudes were few, and may reflect the experience of having an injury, rather than factors preceding it. The advantages and limitations of this method of assessing childhood injury in populations are discussed.
Cyclopolymerization. II. Polyacrylic anhydride

A linear high polymer composed of repeating α-methylene glutaric anhydride units has resulted from the controlled cyclopolymerization of acrylic anhydride. Proof for the linear nature of this polymer is based upon solubility and thermoplastic behavior. Proof for the cyclic nature of the polymer is based upon the lack of residual unsaturation. The molecular weight of linear polyacrylic anhydride has been altered by the use of chemical modifying agents in the polymerization recipe. Linear polyacrylic anhydride undergoes characteristic carboxylic anhydride reactions.
A 15-Electrode Totally Implanted Time-Multiplex Telemetry Unit

A 15-electrode totally implanted time-multiplex telemetry unit is described that is powered by two mercury cells in series. Transcutaneous radio frequency (RF) turn-on and magnetic turnoff are used to conserve battery power. The basic cycle rate is 400 Hz, channel rate 6400 Hz. The channel 16 input consists of a 200-Hz 5 mV peak-to-peak (p-p) reference signal, and a 3200-Hz sync signal is added to all channels. The unit is 1.5 \times 2.5 \times 8 cm in size, weighs 41 g, and draws 3.5 mA. Low-frequency cutoff is at 0.2 Hz. The output is FM with a peak deviation of 75 kHz of a 20 MHz carrier at 5 mV peak channel input. The equivalent noise input is 2.8 μV root mean square (rms). The decoder automatically locks on the reference signal square wave with the aid of an exclusive-OR gate.
The Impact of DSM-5 on Autism Spectrum Disorder

This paper reviews the evolution of the definition and diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the external validity of ASD subtypes, and the impacts of DSM-5 ASD on future studies of ASD epidemiology and genetics; on the treatments or interventions of individuals with ASD; and on the economy of health costs. Overall, it seems that the implementation of DSM-5 ASD may cause more negative results than provides positive influences.
Sorting fluorescent nanocrystals with DNA.

Semiconductor nanocrystals with narrow and tunable fluorescence are covalently linked to oligonucleotides. These biocompounds retain the properties of both nanocrystals and DNA. Therefore, different sequences of DNA can be coded with nanocrystals and still preserve their ability to hybridize to their complements. We report the case where four different sequences of DNA are linked to four nanocrystal samples having different colors of emission in the range of 530-640 nm. When the DNA-nanocrystal conjugates are mixed together, it is possible to sort each type of nanoparticle using hybridization on a defined micrometer -size surface containing the complementary oligonucleotide. Detection of sorting requires only a single excitation source and an epifluorescence microscope. The possibility of directing fluorescent nanocrystals towards specific biological targets and detecting them, combined with their superior photo-stability compared to organic dyes, opens the way to improved biolabeling experiments, such as gene mapping on a nanometer scale or multicolor microarray analysis.
The influence of constitution and microstructure on the temperature coefficient of resistivity in Ti-base alloys

The electrical resistivity of beta titanium alloys has been examined to determine the influence of the constitution and microstructure on the temperature coefficient of resistivity (dρ/dT). The reports of previous investigations have attributed the negative value of dρ/dT in the metastable beta phase to the formation of a reversible athermal omega phase. The present investigation shows that the negative value of dρ/dT in beta stabilized Ti alloys is a singular property of the beta phase and is independent of the reversible athermal omega transformation. Variations in the value of dρ/dT due to solute concentration, modifications in constitution and microstructure, and plastic deformation have also been examined.
Symptoms of substance dependence and risky sexual behavior in a probability sample of HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Chicago.

Abstract Objective This study examines the relationship between self-reported symptoms of substance dependence and risky sexual behavior among 187 HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Method In a supplement to a Chicago household survey, using random probability sampling, men who reported consensual sex with other men or who identified as gay or bisexual were selected for interviews. Participants reported on sexual behavior, substance use, and symptoms of substance dependence related to past year use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and sedatives, tranquilizers or pain relievers. Risky sexual behavior was defined as unprotected insertive or receptive anal intercourse plus having multiple partners, casual partners, or a partner who was HIV positive or of unknown serostatus. Results Risky sexual behavior in the past six months was significantly and positively associated with alcohol dependence symptoms, cocaine dependence symptoms (receptive only), and prescription drug dependence symptoms (insertive only). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that dependence symptoms loaded on separate factors by substance, which in turn loaded on an overarching dependence symptoms factor. In structural equation models, individual substance factors were not significantly associated with sexual risk behavior, however the higher order dependence symptoms factor was significantly and positively associated with both receptive and insertive risk behavior. Conclusions MSM with symptoms of multiple substance use dependencies are more likely to be engaged in sexual behavior that places them at risk for acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Alcohol and drug abuse treatment providers should be aware of the need for HIV testing and counseling in this population.
Linear transport in nonhomogeneous media. III

Elementary continuum and discrete solutions are constructed for transport equations with scattering ratios which are bilinear functions of position. Numerical results are given for some albedo problems.
Multivariate process control for detection and cause identification of location shifts

Most processes involve more than one process/product output variable, multiple process input/regulatory variables, and a category of noise variables, which consists of factors not considered in the model, or those external to the process. Since output variables are not necessarily independent of each other, an adequate approach involves multivariate process control for monitoring of the process. It is of practical value to determine possible causes in the event of a change in the process location, which is detected through a multivariate control chart. In this paper, for cause identification, one of the methods uses information from only the process input variables, while the other uses a generalised measure, based on the residuals, that incorporates the process input and output variables. A simulation approach is adopted to investigate the performance of the proposed estimators as well as the traditional estimator that incorporates only the process/product output variables. Based on a selected performance measure of the average run length of the time to first detection, when the location parameter has changed, the proposed methods perform favourably compared to the traditional estimator.
New stress intensity factor solutions of a periodic array of cracks in residual stress field

Abstract Many important applications of crack mechanics involve self-equilibrating residual or thermal stress fields. For these types of problems, the traditional fracture mechanics approach based on the superposition principle has ignored the effect of crack surface contact when the crack-tip propagates into the residual compressive region. Contact between the crack faces and the wedging action are responsible for subsequent crack-tip reopening, which often leads to a much larger mode I stress intensity factor. In this study, an analytical approach is used to study the effect of crack face contact for a period array of collinear cracks embedded in several typical residual stress fields. It is found that the nonlinear contact between crack surfaces dominates the cracking behavior in residual/thermal stress fields, which is responsible for crack coalescence.
Effect of dynamic melting on acoustic velocities in a partially molten peridotite

Abstract The mechanical effect of materials with a zero shear modulus aggregated with solids with non-zero shear moduli has been the primary motivation for why partially molten rocks should have lowered shear wave velocities. We propose that elastic softening associated with the process of melting must also be considered. In this view, seismic waves, propagating in regions of partial melting, perturb the thermodynamic state and drive solid to liquid and liquid to solid, thereby lowering the effective elastic moduli. We present measurements of Young’s modulus for a mantle peridotite, KLB1, at LVZ pressures and temperatures and seismic frequency that support this model. The model predicts that the softening of elastic modulus is controlled by the pressure dependence of melt fraction, ∂F/∂P, and not the percentage of melt present. In contrast to previous models, the P-wave velocity is decreased by nearly the same percentage as the S-wave velocity.
Unfired periclase-chromite refractories based on periclase and periclase-chromite shells (a discussion)

Etude de la preparation de refractaires non cuits de periclase-chrome, de leur composition et de leurs proprietes physiques, mecaniques et thermiques
Electron Confinement Effects in the EPR Spectra of Colloidal n-Type ZnO Quantum Dots

Additional unpaired electrons have been introduced into colloidal ZnO quantum dots (QDs) photochemically and investigated by experimental and theoretical methods to test various possible descriptions of their wave functions. For n-type ZnO QDs with diameters between 3.0 and 7.0 nm, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals size-dependent g* values in the range 1.960 < g* < 1.968 that are temperature independent and that rule out highly localized wave function descriptions. The size dependence of g* is described well using a k·p perturbation expression, indicating similarity between these quantum confined electrons and free carriers in bulk ZnO. Model calculations confirm that significant electron density can reside on the QD surfaces only for surface well depths that can be experimentally excluded. Together, these results allow a firm experimental description of the photogenerated electrons as delocalized within the conduction bands of the colloidal ZnO QDs, making them excellent candidat...
Effects of somatostatin analogues on human gastrointestinal motility.

This paper summarises the effects of somatostatin analogues on gastric and small bowel motility patterns in transit and health, and discusses the literature on the application of these medications to
Fluorine encapsulation and stabilization of biologically relevant low-valence copper-oxo cores.

Slow crystallization of the dinuclear [(CuTpCF3,CH3)2O2] yields a solid-state solution of the peroxo and bis(hydroxo) complex, but not sterically compressed Cu(III) complexes. Since the CF3 substit...
Self-regulation in the treatment of type II diabetes

The present study was designed to determine whether training patients with Type II diabetes to self-regulate their blood glucose by modifying their eating and exercise behaviors would improve weight loss or glycemic control. Twenty overweight patients with Type II diabetes were randomly assigned to behavioral weight control programs which included either self-monitoring of blood glucose only or extensive training in self-regulation of blood glucose. Subjects in the latter condition were taught to monitor blood glucose, to recognize discrepancies between actual and ideal blood glucose, to change eating and exercise behaviors to reduce these discrepancies, and to reinforce themselves for completing the steps in self-regulation. There was no evidence that this training in self-regulation improved short- or long-term outcome. Several explanations for these negative findings are considered, with the most likely explanation being that some patients were unable to achieve target blood glucose values despite making the prescribed changes in eating and exercise behaviors. In subsequent studies, it would be helpful to first identify a subset of Type II diabetic patients whose blood glucose levels are responsive to diet, exercise, and weight loss and then to train these patients to self-regulate blood glucose by modifying eating and exercise behaviors.
Uptake, distribution, and effects of carbon tetrachloride in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Uptake, distribution, and effects of CCl4 were studied in rainbow trout. Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg, ip) produced 5- to 10-fold increases in serum GOT, GPT, and ICD activities, whereas exposure of trout to CCl4 in the tank water (1–80 mg/liter) produced neither mortality nor significant changes in enzyme activities. CCl4 residue(s) appeared highest in concentration in the adipose tissue, followed by liver, brain, and spleen, and was lowest in gill regardless of the administration route. The elimination rates of 14C residue(s) from the tissue samples were most rapid in muscle (t12 β = 1.7 hr) and relatively prolonged for liver (t12 β = 38.9 hr). Maximum liver concentrations of 14C residue(s) were reached at 2 hr by either ip (1 ml/kg) or water exposure (80 mg/liter) and were 4.8 μmol/g and 0.75 μmol/g, respectively. No increase in liver triglyceride (TG) concentrations were noted at liver CCl4 concentrations that have been associated with increased TG levels in the rat. Histological examination of tissues revealed varying degrees of liver and splenic necrosis 6 hr after administration of CCl4.
Modulatory effects of estrogen and progesterone on colorectal hyperalgesia in the rat.

Abstract The contribution of estrogen and progesterone to colorectal hyperalgesia was examined in female rats. The electromyogram recorded from the abdominal wall (visceromotor response, vmr) and the discharge of lumbosacral dorsal horn neurons to colorectal distention (CRD) were measured in intact female, ovariectomized (OVx) and estradiol replaced OVx (E2; 50 μg, 48 h) rats with and without colonic inflammation. Colorectal hyperalgesia was transient in intact rats, but persisted at least 4 h in E2 and OVx rats. The magnitude of hyperalgesia in E2 rats was greater than OVx which was greater than intact rats. Dorsal horn neurons that responded to CRD with an Abrupt (on and off with stimulus) excitatory discharge showed similar sensitivity to estradiol as the vmr following colonic inflammation. In contrast, inflammation did not increase the magnitude of response of excitatory neurons with sustained afterdischarges in any of the treatment groups. Intact female rats have a comparable plasma estrogen concentration to E2 rats, suggesting the difference in responses may have been due to antinociceptive effects of progesterone. This was tested by administering E2± progesterone (1 mg) and measuring the vmr. Progesterone reduced the facilitation of the vmr produced by E2 before and following colonic inflammation. The present study suggests that estrogen replacement enhances visceral signal processing following colonic inflammation. Furthermore, progesterone may counteract the effects of estrogen on colorectal sensitivity.
Perspective taking during reading: an on-line investigation of the illusory transparency of intention.

Although proficient readers must be reasonably successful at keeping track of what information they share with characters and what information is privileged to them, there is evidence that they are unable to do so with complete accuracy. Keysar (1994) used off-line tasks to demonstrate that readers sometimes mistakenly use privileged information when evaluating a character’s interpretation of an ambiguous message. After we replicated Keysar’s (1994) findings (Experiment 1), the results of an on-line task indicated that this “illusory transparency of intention” extends to natural reading (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we provided preliminary support for the hypothesis that readers’ accuracy in assessing a given character’s perspective is influenced by whether or not that character is in the focus of the story. The results are discussed with regard to two competing theoretical views: the construal view and the standard view.
Medical students' views and ideas about palliative care communicatio training

This study focused on the undergraduate medical student to identify views and ideas held toward palliative care communication training, pedagogical approaches to this training, and its perceived effectiveness and use in the medical field. Two focus groups consisting of fourth-year medical students were conducted, and their responses were analyzed using grounded theory categorization. Results indicated that students: (a) prefer to learn nonverbal communication techniques, (b) believe that natural ability and experience outweigh communication curriculum, (c) view the skill of breaking bad news as largely dependent on knowledge and expertise, and (d) prefer curriculum on palliative care and hospice to consist of information (eg, advance directives) rather than communication skills. Implications for these interpretive themes are discussed as well as future research and practice.
Chloride effect on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

A CHLORIDE (anion) effect has been reported for washed chloroplasts1 and for lyophilized Chlorella cells2. Recently there has been evidence reported to show that chlorine is a micronutrient element3. No definite growth requirement by freshwater algae for chloride has yet been shown. The purpose of this communication is to report that, with certain media, the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa is appreciably increased by the addition of chloride. Furthermore, stimulation by sodium has also been observed.
Age-specific responses to elevated salinity in the coastal marsh plant black needlerush ( Juncus roemerianus Scheele) as determined through polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (OJIP)

This study employed polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (OJIP), a non-invasive marker of environmental stress in plants, to evaluate salt tolerance in three different Juncus roemerianus age classifications (6-, 24-, and 60-months). Following exposure to elevated salts (30 psu), the younger plants sustained growth, which was comparable to freshwater controls. While older (60-month) plants receiving only freshwater also grew over the 8-week study, the older salt-treated plants did not increase in size. Similarly, there were significant declines in variable chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo), electron transport flux per reaction center (ETo/RC), and photosystem II performance index (PIABS) for 60-month J. roemerianus following salt treatment. These responses were not evident in the two younger salt-treated age classifications. Our results suggest that older J. roemerianus are less tolerant to rapid and sudden increases in salinity relative to younger plants and that this age-specific response may help explain observed discrepancies in salt tolerance in J. roemerianus.
A heuristic program for evaluating histocompatibility typing data

Abstract A heuristic program has been developed which evaluates the results of histocompatibility typing. It is intended for use in retrospective studies involving large volumes of data. The program is inexpensive to run and is not dependent on a particular set of typing sera. This paper describes its algorithm and operation in detail. The program must first be initialized, primarily by supplying weights which characterize the typing sera being used. It then analyzes typing data in two passes; the first pass processes “obvious” cases, and the second processes the remainder in a more sophisticated manner. Output is provided in forms suitable for further computer processing as well as human examination.
Translation and the Transfer of Impressions in George Eliot

This article traces George Eliot’s use of translation and foreign words to make “impressions” on her readers. This keyword, which recurs in her narratives and in the title of her final work, is used to refer to the repeated reinterpretations of translated quotes that undergird each work’s central narrative. The moral transformation of the central characters, especially Daniel and Gwendolen in Eliot’s last novel, Daniel Deronda (1876), initiates them into the practices of the “good translator” as she defines them in her early writing on translation. Meanwhile, the increasingly frequent confrontation with foreign words prompts readers toward a more sophisticated understanding of the networks linking textual histories across cultures and nations. In the infrequently studied essay collection Impressions of Theophrastus Such (1879), Eliot takes this strategy further by shifting the burden of her argument about national belonging from the novel’s plot to the paratextual space of epigraphs and footnotes. The essays interweave multiple textual traditions and use translation to enact for readers a recognition of the shared impressions left as texts and languages change.
Heat transfer for slab-on-grade floor with stepped ground

A general solution is developed to calculate foundation heat transfer for a slab-on-grade floor with lifted ground. The Interzone Temperature Profile Estimation (ITPE) technique is applied to determine the steady state variation of temperature within the ground. A water table at constant temperature is assumed to exist at a given depth below the soil surface. The derived solution addresses all the common horizontal insulation configurations for slab-on-grade floor foundations. The effect of various insulation configurations and the height of the lifted ground on foundation heat loss are discussed in detail.
Incentives to Work in a Canadian Indian Community

In this paper it is proposed to explore the motivations and other social forces that drive the Attawapiskat Cree Indian, particularly the adult male, to work. An attempt will also be made to indicate briefly how knowledge of work incentives may be of use in cross-cultural administration. I am aware of one other specific study dealing with the problem of work incentives in an exotic community. This has been written by Thomas R. Garth and concerns the Atsugewi Indians of Northeastern California. Since there are points at which the Attawapiskat people's attitudes closely parallel those of Atsugewi society as the latter operated prior to white contact, a brief summary of Garth's material appears desirable.
Comment on heat-capacity and sticking measurements of 4He adsorbed on evaporated Ag films: Bose statistics in two dimentions.

A Comment on the Letter by T. W. Kenny and P. L. Richards, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2386 (1990).
The effect of naturally varying discharge rates on the species richness of lotic midges

Species richness significantly changed both temporally, over a two year period, and spatially, across three sites in a sandy run, in an assemblage of aquatic insects (Chironomidae) inhabiting a fourth order stream in southeastern Ohio, USA. A total of 25 species was encountered, and for a given site and time, richness varied between 0 and 13 species/site with a mean of 3.3. Averaged over two years, the species diversity trend from bank to channel was an increasing number of species with a decreasing variance, indicating a greater stability in species richness in the channel than near the bank. A significant amount of the temporal variability in richness can be explained by variation in the stream discharge rate. Discharge was inversely related to a) species richness and b) the rate of change of species richness, for two sites in the stream center but not for a more protected site near the bank. Abugov's (1982) model of the phasing of disturbances may explain the species richness patterns observed in this study.
A Tale of Political Trust in American Cities

This study performs a multilevel analysis of public trust in local government. We develop and test competing hypotheses about the contextual and individual-level sources of local political trust. The results show that citizens' trust in local government is shaped not only by individual-level factors but also by city-level factors such as income inequality, ideological polarization, political institutions, racial fractionalization, and size of population. Cross-level analysis further indicates that the effects of race on local political trust are conditioned by cities' systems of political representation.
An Introduction to Business Problem-Solving and Decision-Making

This essay was created to provide content for use in core IS business courses which emphasize the teaching of Excel (or any type of spreadsheet or analytic software). The authors have observed that the typical textbooks used in such courses jump directly into teaching the mechanics of the software paying relatively little attention to the context in which these tools will be used. This essay attempts to remedy that deficiency by providing an overview of business decisionmaking without requiring our students to purchase another book. Accordingly, the target audience for this essay is undergraduate students. We submitted this essay to InSITE hoping to receive substantive comments that could be used to improve the paper.
The doctrinal transformation of twentieth-century Chinese Buddhism: Master Yinshun's interpretation of the tathagatagarbha doctrine

By the early to mid‐twentieth century, progressive Buddhist intellectuals in China like Ouyang Jingwu (1871–1943) and Taixu (1889–1947) shared the conviction that Chinese Buddhism had declined sign...
A new bit reversal algorithm

A new bit reversal permutation algorithm is described. Such algorithms are needed for radix 2 (or radix B) fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) or fast Hartley transforms (FHTs). This algorithm is an alternative to one described by Evans (1987). A BASIC version of this algorithm ran slightly faster than the BASIC version of Evans' algorithm given by Bracewell (1986), with some time savings for odd powers of two. This new algorithm also allows for precomputation of seed tables up to one higher power of two than Evans' algorithm. >