cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online resources for culturally and linguistically appropriate services in home healthcare and hospice, part 2: resources for Asian patients.

Provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate care for home care and hospice patients is a national mandate. Finding patient-education materials in languages other than English can be a challenge for clinicians in workplaces lacking affiliation with a hospital that provides multilingual resources to its patients. Many hospitals, government agencies, and foundations have made appropriate resources freely available on the Internet. However, identifying them is time consuming. This article reviews a variety of sources for access to patient-education materials in the multiple languages of Europe.
Pheromone response elements are necessary and sufficient for basal and pheromone-induced transcription of the FUS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The FUS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha diploids, and its transcription increases dramatically when haploid cells are exposed to the appropriate mating pheromone. In addition, FUS1 transcription is absolutely dependent on STE4, STE5, STE7, STE11, and STE12, genes thought to encode components of the pheromone response pathway. We now have determined that the pheromone response element (PRE), which occurs in four copies within the FUS1 upstream region, functions as the FUS1 upstream activation sequence (UAS) and is responsible for all known aspects of FUS1 regulation. In particular, deletion of 55 bp that includes the PREs abolished all transcription, and a 139-bp fragment that includes the PREs conferred FUS1-like expression to a CYC1-lacZ reporter gene. Moreover, three or four copies of a synthetic PRE closely mimicked the activity conferred by the 139-bp fragment, and even a single copy of PRE conferred a trace of activity that was haploid specific and pheromone inducible. In the FUS1 promoter context, four copies of the synthetic PRE inserted at the site of the 55-bp deletion restored full FUS1 transcription. Sequences upstream and downstream from the PRE cluster were important for maximal PRE-directed expression but, by themselves, did not have UAS activity. Other yeast genes with PREs, e.g., STE2 and BAR1, are more modestly inducible and have additional UAS elements contributing to the overall activity. In the FUS1 promoter, the PREs apparently act alone to confer activity that is highly stimulated by pheromone.
The impact of glacier runoff on the biodegradability and biochemical composition of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in near-shore marine ecosystems

Abstract The processing of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) by aquatic food webs modifies its biochemical composition from riverine to coastal ecosystems. We used parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) incubations to investigate changes in the biochemical composition and lability of terrigenous DOM in three estuaries of coastal southeastern Alaska: 1) a watershed with high glacial coverage, 2) low glacial coverage, and 3) low glacial coverage and high wetland coverage. Laboratory BDOC incubations were conducted for each site by inoculating filtered river water with microbial inocula collected from four different salinities (0, 2, 10 and 25) along the estuarine transect. The percent BDOC for all three sites ranged from 22 to 44% for the 28-day incubations and was greatest in the estuary draining the highly glaciated watershed. Moreover, percent BDOC was greatest for river water samples inoculated with marine compared to freshwater bacteria suggesting marine bacterioplankton were able to utilize a larger fraction of the terrigenous DOM pool than riverine microbes. PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence EEMs showed non-conservative estuarine mixing behavior for DOM including removal at low salinities and addition at mid-high salinities for all three sites. For example, tyrosine-like fluorescence decreased dramatically between salinity values 0 and 0.5 and was undetectable by salinity 2 for all three estuaries. However, humic-like C4 (correlated with aliphatic carbon content) and tryptophan-like fluorescence increased non-conservatively during estuarine mixing, likely associated with an increase in bacterioplankton growth. These results indicate that terrigenous DOM, particularly from glacial runoff, is an important source of carbon and nutrients to near-shore coastal zones of southeast Alaska.
Stigma, HIV and AIDS: An exploration and elaboration of a stigma trajectory

Stigma is a social construction which dramatically affects the life experiences of the individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their partners, family and friends. While it has been generally recognized that the nature of stigma varies across illnesses, it has usually not been considered as changing and emerging over the course of a single illness. In this paper, HIV/AIDS is analyzed in terms of a stigma trajectory. The primary purpose is to conceptualize how individuals with HIV/AIDS experience stigma and to demonstrate how these experiences are affected by changes in the biophysical dimensions of HIV/AIDS. Four phases of the HIV/AIDS stigma trajectory are depicted: (1) at risk: pre-stigma and the worried well; (2) diagnosis: confronting an altered identity; (3) latent: living between illness and health; and (4) manifest: passage to social and physical death. The essential processes through which individuals personalize the illness, dilemmas encountered in interpersonal relations, strategies that are used to avoid or minimize HIV-related stigma, and subcultural networks and ideologies that are drawn upon to construct, avow, and adapt to an HIV identity are considered across the stigma trajectory.
Surface diffusivity and the time correlation of concentration fluctuations

Abstract Time correlation studies of concentration fluctuations have provided most of the recent data on the surface diffusivity of adsorbed gases. We examine the formalism which relates experimentally measured values of the time autocorrelation function, describing the number of particles in a small area element, to the diffusivity. It is shown that an exact expression can be obtained subject to only one important restriction: the decay of concentration fluctuations is characterized by a constant diffusion coefficient. In adsorbed layers, interactions between adatoms are likely to be strong, and the diffusivity is therefore expected to vary with surface coverage. The extent to which the same formalism can be utilized to obtain an effective diffusivity D C for interacting adatoms is examined using Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional lattice gases. The validity of the diffusion coefficient D C so derived is tested by comparing it with diffusivities D K obtained from a kinetic model or with values D M derived from a Boltzmann-Matano analysis. For a lattice gas with nearest neighbor interactions amounting to kT ∗ , where T ∗ is the temperature of the simulations, agreement between D C and the ordinary diffusivity is good even though the latter varies strongly with concentration. For interactions of longer range, comparisons of D C and D M again reveal good agreement. Only under conditions leading to the formation of a highly ordered superlattice on the surface do we find that the correlation methods fail to yield a diffusivity in agreement with values from the Matano analysis. With this proviso it appears that the present formalism for interpreting autocorrelation studies of diffusion is generally adequate to handle layers of interacting adatoms.
ON THE RECOGNITION AND THERAPY OF SIMIAN WOOLSORTER'S DISEASE.

In the Brown Lectures of 1880 and 1881 Prof. W. S. Greenfield (1880, 1881), reported the anthrax bacillus to be the aetiological agent of woolsorter's disease and presented what remains today the classical description of the clinical manifestations and morbid anatomy of respiratory anthrax in man. Though at present infrequent, woolsorter's disease still, in the era of antibiotics, is associated with a high mortality rate. Experimental evaluation of therapeutic approaches to woolsorter's disease, as distinguished from cutaneous anthrax, has been limited since the mediastinal cellulitis and intrathoracic lymphadenitis characteristic of the human disease have not been observed in experimental respiratory anthrax of lower animals. For example, guinea-pigs, sheep and rhesus monkeys develop a septicaemia, and such lesions as are found at post-mortem examination are secondary to this septicaemia. Recent observations (Gochenour, Gleiser & Tigertt, 1962) of the clinical course and morbid anatomy in rhesus monkeys receiving early, inadequate penicillin prophylaxis following inhalation of spores of Bacillus anthracis indicated that some animals so modified had a febrile course and exhibited
Vibrational spectra and DFT calculations of tetralin and 1,4-benzodioxan

Abstract The infrared and Raman spectra of vapor-phase and liquid-phase tetralin (TET) and 1,4-benzodioxan (14BZD) have been recorded and assigned. Calculations for the structures were carried out using the MP2/cc-pvtz (triple zeta) basis set, and the twisting angles were calculated to be 31.4° for TET and 30.1° for 14BZD. The barriers to planarity were calculated to be 4809 and 4093 cm −1 , respectively. Density functional theory calculations for both planar ( C 2 v ) and twisted ( C 2 ) structures were carried out to predict the vibrational frequencies. After scaling, the agreement with the experimental values was excellent for C 2 symmetry. Almost all frequencies below 1350 cm −1 were calculated to be within 10 cm −1 of the experimental values. Frequencies calculated for the C 2 v structures preclude the possibility of many vibrational interactions and hence agree more poorly.
A Tight Linearization and an Algorithm for Zero-One Quadratic Programming Problems

This paper is concerned with the solution of linearly constrained zero-one quadratic programming problems. Problems of this kind arise in numerous economic, location decision, and strategic planning situations, including capital budgeting, facility location, quadratic assignment, media selection, and dynamic set covering. A new linearization technique is presented for this problem which is demonstrated to yield a tighter continuous or linear programming relaxation than is available through other methods. An implicit enumeration algorithm which uses Lagrangian relaxation, Benders' cutting planes, and local explorations is designed to exploit the strength of this linearization. Computational experience is provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed linearization and algorithm.
Diagnosing moral disorder: the discovery and evolution of fetal alcohol syndrome.

The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was invented in 1973. This paper investigates the process by which a cluster of birth defects associated with exposure to alcohol in utero came to be a distinct medical diagnosis, focusing on the first ten years of the medical literature on FAS. Fetal alcohol syndrome was "discovered" by a group of American dysmorphologists who published the first case reports and coined the term FAS. However, the nature of the diagnosis and its salient symptoms were determined collectively over time by the medical profession as a whole. The paper traces the natural history of the diagnosis in the U.S. through five stages: introduction, confirmation and corroboration, dissent, expansion, and diffusion. FAS serves as an example of the social construction of clinical diagnosis; moral entrepreneurship plays a key role and the medical literature on FAS is infused with moral rhetoric, including passages from classical mythology, philosophy, and the Bible. FAS is a moral as well as a medical diagnosis, reflecting the broader cultural concerns of the era in which it was discovered, including a greater awareness of environmental threats to health, the development of fetal medicine, an emphasis on "the perfect child," and a growing paradigm of maternal-fetal conflict.
Coxiella burnetii Infection With Severe Hyperferritinemia in an Asplenic Patient

Q fever is an uncommon but likely underreported zoonotic infection. Severe hyperferritinemia has been associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other infectious diseases. In this study, we report a case of Coxiella burnetii infection in an asplenic patient complicated by severe hyperferritinemia and bone marrow infiltration. In this case, the marked ferritin elevation may have been an indicator of profound systemic macrophage activation due to preferential intracellular infection of this cell type by C burnetii, perhaps exacerbated by altered mononuclear phagocyte system function in the setting of asplenia.
Monte Carlo simulation of 0.35- mu m gate-length GaAs and InGaAs HEMTs

A first-principles theoretical comparison of the performances of identical Al/sub 0.32/Ga/sub 0.68/As/GaAs and Al/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.15/As/In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs based on an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation coupled with a two-dimensional Poisson solver is presented. The Monte Carlo calculations incorporate the full physics of the device operation. As a test of the accuracy with which the calculations successfully model a real device, the calculated current-voltage characteristic of the pseudomorphic device is first compared to recent experimental measurements made on a comparable structure, showing excellent agreement over a full range of gate and drain biases. The device performance as measured in terms of the transconductance, cutoff frequency, and current-voltage characteristics of both devices can then be compared as a function of gate and drain bias. It is found that the pseudomorphic HEMT outperforms the conventional GaAs/AlGaAs device by approximately a factor of two in the above-mentioned criteria. The greatly improved performance of the pseudomorphic HEMT over the GaAs device stems predominantly from greater confinement of the electrons within the high-mobility two-dimensional system, higher electron drift velocity, and greater gamma valley confinement. >
2‐D multiplane finite element technique for solving a class of 3‐D problems

A finite element technique, for efficient solution of a class of 3-D elasticity problems, is presented. In this method, standard 2-D finite elements are used along with a ‘connector’ element. An element, previously used to model material interfaces, is shown to provide the properties for use as a ‘connector’ element, if input variables are redefined. The accuracy of the technique is illustrated with a sample solution.
Pinch-the-sky dome: freehand multi-point interactions with immersive omni-directional data

Pinch-the-Sky Dome is a large immersive installation where several users can interact simultaneously with omni-directional data inside of a tilted geodesic dome. Our system consists of an omni-directional projector-camera unit in the center of the dome. The projector is able to project an image spanning the entire 360 degrees and a camera is used to track freehand gestures for navigation of the content. The interactive demos include: 1) the exploration of the astronomical data provided by World Wide Telescope, 2) social networking 3D graph visualizations, 3) immersive panoramic images, and 4) 360 degree video conferencing. We combine speech commands with freehand pinch gestures to provide a highly immersive and interactive experience to several users inside the dome, with a very wide field of view for each user.
Powering microbes with electricity: direct electron transfer from electrodes to microbes

The discovery of electrotrophs, microorganisms that can directly accept electrons from electrodes for the reduction of terminal electron acceptors, has spurred the investigation of a wide range of potential applications. To date, only a handful of pure cultures have been shown to be capable of electrotrophy, but this process has also been inferred in many studies with undefined consortia. Potential electron acceptors include: carbon dioxide, nitrate, metals, chlorinated compounds, organic acids, protons and oxygen. Direct electron transfer from electrodes to cells has many advantages over indirect electrical stimulation of microbial metabolism via electron shuttles or hydrogen production. Supplying electrons with electrodes for the bioremediation of chlorinated compounds, nitrate or toxic metals may be preferable to adding organic electron donors or hydrogen to the subsurface or bioreactors. The most transformative application of electrotrophy may be microbial electrosynthesis in which carbon dioxide and water are converted to multi-carbon organic compounds that are released extracellularly. Coupling photovoltaic technology with microbial electrosynthesis represents a novel photosynthesis strategy that avoids many of the drawbacks of biomass-based strategies for the production of transportation fuels and other organic chemicals. The mechanisms for direct electron transfer from electrodes to microorganisms warrant further investigation in order to optimize envisioned applications.
A 1.2V, 2.4GHz Fully Integrated Linear CMOS Power Amplifier with Efficiency Enhancement

A 2.4GHz power amplifier is implemented with standard thin-oxide transistors in a 1.2V, 0.13 ?m CMOS process. The output matching network is fully integrated on chip. The PA transmits up to 24dBm linear power with 25% drain efficiency at -1dB compression point. When driven into saturation, it transmits 27dBm peak power with 32% drain efficiency. A technique for enhancing average efficiency is proposed and demonstrated. This technique does not degrade instantaneous efficiency at peak power and maintains constant power gain with power back-off.
Tracker - a tool for change propagation in Java

During software evolution, programmers add new functionalities and release new versions of software. This is complicated work, particularly in large applications, and tools are needed to deal with it. In this paper we introduce a tool named JTracker that helps programmers implement change propagation in Java applications. We conducted a case study of a change in open source application JMeter, in which we used JTracker.
Efficient tree pattern queries on encrypted XML documents

Outsourcing XML documents is a challenging task, because it encrypts the documents, while still requiring efficient query processing. Past approaches on this topic either leak structural information or fail to support searching that has constraints on XML node content. In addition, they adopt a filtering-and-refining framework, which requires the users to prune false positives from the query results. To address these problems, we present a solution for efficient evaluation of tree pattern queries (TPQs) on encrypted XML documents. We create a domain hierarchy, such that each XML document can be embedded in it. By assigning each node in the hierarchy a position, we create for each document a vector, which encodes both the structural and textual information about the document. Similarly, a vector is created also for a TPQ. Then, the matching between a TPQ and a document is reduced to calculating the distance between their vectors. For the sake of privacy, such vectors are encrypted before being outsourced. To improve the matching efficiency, we use a k-d tree to partition the vectors into non-overlapping subsets, such that non-matchable documents are pruned as early as possible. The extensive evaluation shows that our solution is efficient and scalable to large dataset.
A Low-Jitter Master-Slave Optoelectronic Oscillator Employing All-Photonic Gain

We have designed and built a self-starting master-slave optoelectronic oscillator without any electronic amplifiers. The optoelectronic oscillator consists of a slave oscillator with 50 m of fiber that is injection-locked by a master oscillator with 2 km of fiber. Both optoelectronic oscillators use the carrier-suppression technique of low-biased Mach-Zehnder modulators to achieve the necessary RF gain for oscillation to occur. The measured RF gain due to this all-photonic technique is as high as 11.5 dB. The timing jitter of the generated 1 GHz signal is 203 fs from 100 Hz to 10 MHz.. This is the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a low-jitter master-slave optoelectronic oscillator without the need for electronic RF amplifiers in the cavity.
Materials by numbers: Computations as tools of discovery

Current issues pertaining to theoretical simulations of materials, with a focus on systems of nanometer-scale dimensions, are discussed. The use of atomistic simulations as high-resolution numerical experiments, enabling and guiding formulation and testing of analytic theoretical descriptions, is demonstrated through studies of the generation and breakup of nanojets, which have led to the derivation of a stochastic hydrodynamic description. Subsequently, I illustrate the use of computations and simulations as tools of discovery, with examples that include the self-organized formation of nanowires, the surprising nanocatalytic activity of small aggregates of gold that, in the bulk form, is notorious for being chemically inert, and the emergence of rotating electron molecules in two-dimensional quantum dots. I conclude with a brief discussion of some key challenges in nanomaterials simulations.
Multiscale Approaches for Bridging Discrete and Continuum Scales

In this talk, I will present information-passing and concurrent discrete-to-continuum scale bridging approaches. In the concurrent approach both, the discrete and continuum scales are simultaneously resolved, whereas in the information-passing schemes, the discrete scale is modeled and its gross response is infused into the continuum scale. For the information-passing multiscale methods to be valid both the temporal and spatial scales should be separable. Among the information-passing bridging techniques, I will present the Generalized Mathematical Homogenization (GMH) theory [1,2] and the Multiscale Enrichment based on the Partition of Unity (MEPU) method [3]. The GMH constructs an equivalent continuum description directly from molecular dynamics (MD) equations. The MEPU approach gives rise to the enriched quasicontinuum formulation, capable of dealing with heterogeneous inter-atomic potentials, nonperiodic fields and high velocity impact applications.
Nonmigrating Diurnal Tides in Mesospheric and Lower-Thermospheric Winds and Temperatures.

Abstract This paper presents analyses of nonmigrating diurnal tide signatures in High Resolution Doppler Imager mesospheric and lower-thermospheric winds and temperatures. A global comparison of both winds and temperature reveals equatorial features corresponding to nonmigrating tides. Structures interpreted as zonal mean and eastward nonmigrating diurnal tides display consistency between horizontal winds and temperatures. The second symmetric mode is prominent in the zonal mean and wavenumber 1. The gravest antisymmetric mode and the gravest symmetric or Kelvin mode are the main features in zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3. The amplitudes of the tides generally increase with altitude and maximize within 90–110 km.
Urticarial vasculitis: An autoimmune disorder following therapy for Hodgkin's disease

Immunological abnormalities have been described in patients with Hodgkin's disease, both associated with the malignancy itself and occurring secondary to therapy. These abnormalities often manifest as an immunodeficiency state, but can also present as immune dysregulation and autoimmune disease. We report two young patients with Hodgkin's disease who, following successful therapy, developed urticarial vasculitis (UV), a form of cutaneous autoimmune vasculitis. Both patients also had systemic symptoms including fever, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum copper, and abnormal in vitro studies of lymphocyte enumeration and proliferation. Distinguishing UV from recurrent Hodgkin's disease was especially difficult in one patient, and was possible only by lymph node biopsy. One patient has responded well to immunosuppressive therapy, while the other, who has more profound immune dysfunction, has developed a chronic autoimmune disorder. UV may thus occur in patients after therapy for Hodgkin's disease; we hypothesize that immune dysregulation, either associated with the malignancy or resulting from therapy, is important in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune process.
Risk Management For Health Information Security And Privacy

The challenge of securing large amounts of electronic medical records stored in a variety of forms and in many locations, while still making it available to authorized users, is huge. Pressure to maintain privacy and protection of personal information is a strong motivating force in the development of security policies. It is essential for health care organizations to analyze, assess and ensure security policies to meet these challenges and to develop the necessary policies to ensure the security of medical information.
Childhood poisoning--a changing profile with scope for prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To study the pattern of poisoning in children admitted to the Children's Hospital between 1983 and 1988; to compare this pattern with the last study of poisoning in childhood from this institution, done in 1956; and to survey knowledge of a sample of general practitioners and pharmacists about common childhood poisonings. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 407 medical records of children admitted after poisoning and a postal questionnaire to 150 randomly selected pharmacists and 150 randomly selected general practitioners. RESULTS: Poisoning accounted for one in 200 admissions to the Children's Hospital. The pattern of poisoning has changed since 1956 when the main agents were kerosene, pesticides, aspirin and digoxin. Now they are the benzodiazepines, iron preparations, paracetamol and anticonvulsants. There were four deaths due to the ingestion of quinine, caustic soda, ferrous sulphate and an arsenic-based weed killer respectively. Five per cent of the admissions resulted in significant morbidity. Sixty-five per cent of general practitioners and 45% of pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. The high toxicity of quinine, anticonvulsants, iron preparations and digoxin was not widely appreciated by over 50% of the general practitioners while over 60% of the pharmacists were not aware of the high toxicity of anticonvulsants and paracetamol. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pattern of childhood poisoning has changed, it remains a significant but largely preventable cause of mortality and morbidity. Language: en
“It’s Understandable Enough, Right?” The Natural Accountability of a Mathematics Lesson

ABSTRACTA fundamental problem for all educational reform efforts is one of specifying in practical terms just what the reform requires of teachers and students. In addressing it, educational designers have introduced the term “accountability” to characterize something missing in classroom discourse. This term, however, held special significance in the writings of the American sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Livingston applied Garfinkel’s treatment of accountability to understanding the lived-work of doing mathematics, particularly proving work. We examine an 8th-grade student’s presentation during a Japanese geometry lesson as a proof-account. Within it we see elements of both classical and natural accountability placed on display.
Postburn vitamin C infusions do not alter early postburn edema formation.

To determine whether vitamin C would alter burn induced edema accumulation, hind paw venous pressure, lymph flow (Q L ), and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (C L /C P ) were monitored in groups of 5 dogs before and 4 hours after 1) a 5 sec 100°C or 90°C foot paw scald; 2) intravenous vitamin C given 30 min before or after a 100°C scald; and 3) vitamin C given 30 min after a 90°C scald. Throughout the experiments, hind paw venous pressure was elevated and maintained by outflow restriction until steady state Q L and (C L /C P ) min were reached. Changes in protein permeability (CL/CP), fluid conductance properties (Kf) of the capillary membrane, and paw weight gain were determined. Compared with preburn values, scald uniformly produced significant (P <.05, ANOVA) increases in Q L , C L /C P and Kf. Although preburn infusion of vitamin C significantly (P <.01) attenuated burn-induced increases in paw weight gain (36 ± 3% vs 19 ± 4%), neither of the groups that received vitamin C postburn experienced significant modulations in paw weight gain (28 ± 4% vs 36 ± 3% in 100°C burn only; 23 ± 4% vs 28 ± 3% in 90°C burn only) or in any of the variables used to monitor capillary membrane integrity. Vitamin C infusions initiated after graded scald produced no changes in the burn-induced increases in microvascular permeability or in edema formation measured at the injury site.
Using Cognitive Interviewing to Better Assess Young Adult E-cigarette Use

Introduction Characteristics of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) make assessment of their use a challenge for researchers. Cognitive interviews are a way of gaining insight into participants' interpretations of survey questions and the methods they use in answering them, to improve survey tools. Methods We used cognitive interviews to modify a young adult survey and improve assessment of quantity and frequency of ENDS use, as well as reasons for initiation and use of ENDS products. Twenty-five college students between the ages of 18 and 32 participated in individual cognitive interviews, which assessed question comprehension, answer estimation, retrieval processes, and answer response processes. Results Comprehension issues arose discerning between ENDS device types (eg, cigalikes vs. vape pens), and answer estimation issues arose regarding ENDS use as drug delivery systems. These issues appeared to improve when pictures were added specifying the device in question, as well as when specific language naming nicotine as the ENDS product content was added to survey questions. Regarding answer retrieval, this sample of users had problems reporting their frequency of ENDS use, as well as quantifying the amount of ENDS products consumed (eg, volume of e-juice, number of cartridges, nicotine concentration). Conclusions Accurate assessment of ENDS products proved challenging, but cognitive interviews provided valuable insight into survey interpretation that was otherwise inaccessible to researchers. Future research that explores how to assess the wide array of ENDS devices, as well as possible population differences among specific device-type users would be valuable to public health researchers and professionals. Implications This study extends the current literature by using cognitive interviews to test ENDS assessment questions in a sample of young adults, a population at elevated risk for ENDS use. Problems encountered when answering ENDS use questions underscore the need to develop easily understood ENDS questions that allow for quantification of ENDS use. Future research examining the nature of ENDS product types and different levels of user experience will yield valuable assessment tools for researchers and tobacco control professionals.
Through Thick and Thin: Tuning the Threshold Voltage in Organic Field-Effect Transistors

ConspectusOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) constitute a class of organic materials containing densely packed, overlapping conjugated molecular moieties that enable charge carrier transport. Their unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties have been investigated for use in next-generation electronic devices, from roll-up displays and radiofrequency identification (RFID) to biological sensors. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is the key active element for many of these applications, but the high values, poor definition, and long-term instability of the threshold voltage (VT) in OFETs remain barriers to realization of their full potential because the power and control circuitry necessary to compensate for overvoltages and drifting set points decrease OFET practicality. The drifting phenomenon has been widely observed and generally termed “bias stress.” Research on the mechanisms responsible for this poor VT control has revealed a strong dependence on the physical order and chemical makeup of ...
Epidemiological Characteristics Analysis of AIDS/HIV in Yizhou of Guangxi from 2000 to 2013

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiologic feature and regularity of AIDS/HIV in Yizhou and provide evidence for AIDS prevention and control strategies. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemical features of AIDS in Yizhou from 2000 to 2013. RESULTS Since 2000, according to the first report of HIV infector in Yizhou, about 607 AIDS/HIV were reported from 2000 to 2012, the report cases and deaths have increased year by year, and the negative growth was seen at the first time in 2012. 54.86% were reported by Qingyuan Town, Desheng Town and Luodong Town. Ages between 20 and 50 years accounted for 68.20% of all cases, which were the most. The proportion of male to female was 2.04 ∶1. The main occupations were housework, unemployment and farmers, which accounted for 70.35% of total case.Heterosexual transmission accounted for 80.23%.CONCLUSIONS The AIDS/HIV cases have increased year by year, however, which showed negative growth in the year of 2012. The sexual transmission has become the city's primary means of communication, which means that AIDS had moved from high-risk groups to the general population. Strengthening lead, co-ordinating the efforts of different departments, and enhancing the screening and the education on health should be the key points of provention. The focus of the region's future interventions should be promoting the use of condoms and reducing commercial sex workers who moved more in these places.
Catheter based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension in 2 patients

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of renal sympathetic denervation on patients with resistant hypertension Methods Two cases with resistant hypertension were enrolled to receive the radiofrequency Symplicity catheter based treatment Four to six points at the renal artery intima were ablated spirally Ablation indexes of each point included ablation time of 2 minutes, energy of 8 watts, impedance of 250-350 ohm and temperature of 50-60℃ Results Short term postoperative follow up showed that the blood pressure of two cases was well controlled In case 1, the preoperative blood pressure was 163/102 mm Hg initially and then declined gradually to 125/90 mm Hg 1 day after the procedure Along with the reduction of the dosage and sorts of antihypertensive drugs, the mean blood pressure was 129/82 mm Hg 1 month after the operation In case 2, the preoperative blood pressure was 151/102 mm Hg initially and then declined gradually to 120/78 mm Hg 1 day after the procedure Along with the reduction of the dosage and sorts of antihypertensive drugs, the mean blood pressure was 130/81 mm Hg 1 month later after the operation Conclusions Renal sympathetic denervation is a new effective method for treating patients with resistant hypertension
Accuracy,Conciseness and Vividness——About Translation of English News Headlines

A News headline is the soul of an article and gives an immediate revelation of its essence.It helps the reader to get as much information as possible in the shortest time.Thus,the study of the translation of English news headlines is of great importance.With plenty of practical examples given, this paper is to discuss the standard of English news headlines through three different aspects in accuracy,conciseness and vividness,namely,faithfulness to the original ideas,simple and smooth expression,and a living demonstration of literary features.
HEAT TRANSPORT OF MICAS

Thermal diffusivity ( D ) as a function of temperature ( T ) was determined from common and brittle micas both parallel and perpendicular to the basal plane using laser-flash analysis, which does not suffer from problems with contact losses and radiative gains. Samples were characterized using the electron microprobe and visible spectroscopy. For the two orientations, D differs by almost a factor of 10, such that for flow within the cleavage plates D is ∼2 mm 2 s –1 , similar to many silicate minerals. Thermal diffusivity decreases as F or Fe contents increase. Data are best described as D = F T –G + H T , where F, G, and H are fitting parameters. Thermal conductivity up to 1000 K is calculated from D , density, and heat capacity for muscovite, phlogopite, and biotite. The pressure dependence of k is inferred from recent data from muscovite for flow across the basal plane.
Mining Text Streams

The large amount of text data which are continuously produced over time in a variety of large scale applications such as social networks results in massive streams of data. Typically massive text streams are created by very large scale interactions of individuals, or by structured creations of particular kinds of content by dedicated organizations. An example in the latter category would be the massive text streams created by news-wire services. Such text streams provide unprecedented challenges to data mining algorithms from an efficiency perspective. In this chapter, we review text stream mining algorithms for a wide variety of problems in data mining such as clustering, classification and topic modeling. We also discuss a number of future challenges in this area of research.
Functional Differential Equations of Neutral Type

This chapter discusses the functional differential equations of neutral type. A neutral functional differential equation (NFDE) is a differential relation in which the derivative of the unknown function may depend on past values of the function and its derivative. In contrast to retarded equations, even the basic problem of existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence does not have a straightforward solution. The manner in which the norm on the initial data depends on the derivative plays a significant role. There is a tremendous amount of work being done, especially in the USSR, on neutral equations with initial data that have derivatives whose pth power is integrable. However, a qualitative theory has not been developed. In 1967, a particular class of neutral equations was introduced for which initial data could be specified in the space of continuous functions. In subsequent years, this class was further restricted in such a way that a qualitative theory now seems possible.
Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Hot Water Storage Tanks

current cathodic protection (ICCP). The design of the system took into account the water chemistry and current density required to mitigere corrosion at the operating temperature of up to 60°C (140°F) ICCP is expected to create a substantial service life extension and a reduction in the chance of leakage.
Spezifische Immuntherapie als Sekundärprävention allergischer Erkrankungen

Neben Allergenkarenz und Pharmakotherapie ist die spezifische Immuntherapie (SIT) das dritte wichtige Therapieprinzip zur Behandlung allergischer Erkrankungen. In den letzten Jahren konnten kontrollierte Studien zeigen, dass durch SIT im Vergleich zu Kontrollgruppen sowohl das Auftreten neuer Sensibilisierungen als auch die Haufigkeit des “Etagenwechsels”, d.h. des Ubergangs vom Heuschnupfen zum Asthma bronchiale, signifikant verringert werden konnen. Diese Daten sprechen dafur, dass in Zukunft zusatzlich zu den therapeutischen auch praventive Aspekte bei der Indikationsstellung zur SIT Berucksichtigung finden sollten.
Methods for Measuring the Mechanical Safety Vent Pressure of Lithium ion Battery Cells

The Lithium ion battery is the preferred source of power for many wireless and portable consumer products. A typical battery pack with lithium ion cells features a variety of active and passive safety devices and protection circuitry to prevent or mitigate potential cell failures. One of the passive safety components in a lithium ion cell is the cell-can's mechanical safety vent, which is intended to release the internal pressure of the cell when a specified pressure is reached, but prismatic cells swell and cylindrical cells bulge during pressurization. It is therefore, desirable to test the cell's venting mechanism in a controlled manner in order to ensure that both the cell's can and the performance of the safety vent is not compromised and that the results are not skewed by the test method. A suitable test setup should not inhibit the natural expansion of the cell's can during the test. This paper discusses the various venting mechanisms employed by prismatic and cylindrical lithium ion cells and test methods to characterize the mechanical safety vent's opening pressure for both cylindrical and prismatic cells.
LLR-based interference suppression for the physical downlink control channel of LTE-A

Due to spectrum constraints most of cellular networks are deployed in frequency reuse one. In that scenario co-channel interference from neighboring cells becomes a limiting factor for the performance of all downlink physical channels. Therefore, the problem of interference suppression is being considered as one of the most important issues of modern wireless communication systems. In Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems, several interference suppression techniques are introduced to cope with interference issues of the physical downlink data channel. However, the key problem of interference suppression for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), which carries downlink and uplink scheduling information, is not sufficiently addressed in LTE-A systems. In principle, receiver structures employed for interference suppression for the data channel can be reused to decode control channel transmissions. However, a number of issues specific only to the control channel (e.g., per subcarrier interference power boosting and random interference hit from the neighboring cell) should be considered in the design of interference suppression algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the performance of Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR)-based interference suppression for the physical downlink control channel of LTE-A. The simulation results show that the proposed LLR calculation scheme provides remarkable error rate performance improvement compared to the conventional LLR calculation scheme.
Angle resolution using interferometrie spatial frequency modulation

The theoretical basis for a new remote sensing approach to the measurement of objects in angle is introduced. Using a time-varying spatial modulation, achieved with a scanned-beam two-element interferometer, the resolution of a large aperture can be achieved with a two-element sparse array, without spatial ambiguities. The presented approach can be implemented with simple continuous-wave signals, and may thus be a simpler method of measuring objects in angle than direction-of-arrival systems. The theoretical concept is derived, parameters affecting the angular resolution are discussed, and simulations are compared to the resolution of filled-apertures.
Finite-size scaling of the correlation length above the upper critical dimension in the five-dimensional ising model

We show numerically that correlation length at the critical point in the five-dimensional Ising model varies with system size $L$ as ${L}^{5∕4}$, rather than proportional to $L$, as in standard finite-size scaling (FSS) theory. Our results confirm a hypothesis that FSS expressions in dimension $d$ greater than the upper critical dimension of 4 should have $L$ replaced by ${L}^{d∕4}$ for cubic samples with periodic boundary conditions. We also investigate numerically the logarithmic corrections to FSS in $d=4$.
Chronic In Vivo Interaction of Dendritic Cells Expressing the Ligand Rae-1ε with NK Cells Impacts NKG2D Expression and Function.

To investigate how dendritic cells (DCs) interact with NK cells in vivo, we developed a novel mouse model in which Rae-1e, a ligand of the NKG2D receptor, is expressed in cells with high levels of CD11c. In these CD11c-Rae1 mice, expression of Rae-1 was confirmed on all subsets of DCs and a small subset of B and T cells, but not on NK cells. DC numbers and activation status were unchanged, and NK cells in these CD11c-Rae1 mice presented the same Ly49 repertoire and maturation levels as their littermate wildtype controls. Early NK cell activation after mouse CMV infection was slightly lower than in wildtype mice, but NK cell expansion and viral control were comparable. Notably, we demonstrate that chronic interaction of NK cells with NKG2D ligand-expressing DCs leads to a reversible NKG2D down-modulation, as well as impaired NKG2D-dependent NK cell functions, including tumor rejection. In addition to generating a useful mouse model, our studies reveal in vivo the functional importance of the NK cell and DC cross-talk.
Octreotide after endoscopic variceal ligation reduced recurrent bleeding

Source Citation Sung JJ, Chung SC, Yung MY, et al. Prospective randomised study of effect of octreotide on rebleeding from oesophageal varices after endoscopic ligation. Lancet. 1995 Dec 23/30;346:...
Shedding light to sleep studies

This paper presents our efforts in the development of a small wireless, flexible bandage sized near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system for sleep analysis. The current size of the system is 2.8 cm × 1.7 cm × 0.6 cm. It is capable of performing NIRS with 660nm, 940nm and 850nm wavelengths for up to 11 hours continuously. The device is placed on the forehead to measure from the prefrontal cortex and the raw data is continuously streamed over Bluetooth to a nearby data aggregator such as a smartphone for post processing and cloud connection. In this study, we performed traditional polysomnography simultaneously with NIRS to evaluate agreement with traditional measures of sleep and to provide labelled data for future work involving learning algorithms. Ultimately, we expect a machine learning algorithm to be able to generate characterization of sleep states comparable to traditional methods based on this biophotonics data. The system also includes an inertial measurement unit and the features that can be extracted from the presented system include sleep posture, heart rate, respiratory rate, relative change in oxy and deoxy hemoglobin concentrations and tissue oxygenation and cerebral arterial oxygen extracted from these. Preliminary proof of concept results are promising and demonstrate the capability to measure heart rate, respiratory rate and slow-wave-sleep stages. This system serves as a prototype to evaluate the potential of a small bandage-size continuous-wave NIRS device to be a useful means of studying sleep.
The salivary microbiome is consistent between subjects and resistant to impacts of short-term hospitalization

In recent years, a growing amount of research has begun to focus on the oral microbiome due to its links with health and systemic disease. The oral microbiome has numerous advantages that make it particularly useful for clinical studies, including non-invasive collection, temporal stability, and lower complexity relative to other niches, such as the gut. Despite recent discoveries made in this area, it is unknown how the oral microbiome responds to short-term hospitalization. Previous studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome is extremely sensitive to short-term hospitalization and that these changes are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a comprehensive pipeline for reliable bedside collection, sequencing, and analysis of the human salivary microbiome. We also develop a novel oral-specific mock community for pipeline validation. Using our methodology, we analyzed the salivary microbiomes of patients before and during hospitalization or azithromycin treatment to profile impacts on this community. Our findings indicate that azithromycin alters the diversity and taxonomic composition of the salivary microbiome; however, we also found that short-term hospitalization does not impact the richness or structure of this community, suggesting that the oral cavity may be less susceptible to dysbiosis during short-term hospitalization.