cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA005: DNA damaging agents in endometrial cancer

The time for “one size fits all” treatment is over in endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer has a number of potential targetable molecular aberrations, including those that predict response to DNA damaging agents such as PARP inhibitors. This talk will explore the preclinical and clinical data to support DNA damaging agents, alone and in combination, in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Biomarkers for response will be critically reviewed. Citation Format: Shannon Neville Westin. DNA damaging agents in endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr IA005.
A Note on Projection-Based Recovery of Clusters in Markov Chains.

Let $T_0$ be the transition matrix of a purely clustered Markov chain, i.e. a direct sum of $k \geq 2$ irreducible stochastic matrices. Given a perturbation $T(x) = T_0 + xE$ of $T_0$ such that $T(x)$ is also stochastic, how small must $x$ be in order for us to recover the indices of the direct summands of $T_0$? We give a simple algorithm based on the orthogonal projection matrix onto the left or right singular subspace corresponding to the $k$ smallest singular values of $I - T(x)$ which allows for exact recovery all clusters when $x = O\left(\frac{\sigma_{n - k}}{||E||_2\sqrt{n_1}}\right)$ and approximate recovery of a single cluster when $x = O\left(\frac{\sigma_{n - k}}{||E||_2}\right)$, where $n_1$ is the size of the largest cluster and $\sigma_{n - k}$ the $(k + 1)$st smallest singular value of $T_0$.
Into the multiverse of gene edited NK cell-based therapeutic strategies.

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Woan et al., (2021) investigate the anti-cancer activity of triple gene edited iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells and demonstrate that expression of a modified CD16a and interleukin (IL)-15 receptor combined with knockout of CD38 improves NK cell-mediated activity against leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Human LINE-1 retrotransposon induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells

Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), Alu and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up some 45% of human DNA. LINE-1 also called L1, is the most common family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome and comprises about 17% of the genome. L1 elements require the integration into chromosomal target sites using L1-encoded endonuclease which creates staggering DNA breaks allowing the newly transposed L1 copies to integrate into the genome. L1 expression and retrotransposition in cancer cells might cause transcriptional deregulation, insertional mutations, DNA breaks, and an increased frequency of recombinations, contributing to genome instability. There is however little evidence on the mechanism of L1-induced genetic instability and its impact on cancer cell growth and proliferation. We report that L1 has genome-destabilizing effects indicated by an accumulation of γ-H2AX foci, an early response to DNA strand breaks, in association with an abnormal cell cycle progression through a G2/M accumulation and an induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that adjuvant L1 activation may lead to supra-additive killing when combined with radiation by enhancing the radiation lethality through induction of apoptosis that we have detected through Bax activation. L1 retrotransposition is sensed as a DNA damaging event through the creation DNA breaks involving L1-encoded endonuclease. The apparent synergistic interaction between L1 activation and radiation can further be utilized for targeted induction of cancer cell death. Thus, the role of retrotransoposons in general, and of L1 in particular, in DNA damage and repair assumes larger significance both for the understanding of mutagenicity and, potentially, for the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
A Review of “Diasporas”

In this small volume, Stephane Dufoix conducts an eclectic, revisionist, and theoretical examination of the phenomenon of diaspora. Studies of diasporas have experienced significant increase to the...
The Present International Monetary System: Problems, Complications, and Reforms

In the last decade serious crises have affected financial markets. Some proposals to avoid international financial crises have been made, but more useful could be measures to strengthen the functioning of the present international monetary system. Another way could be a much greater involvement of the private sector. The misalignment among leading currencies of the world can be a source of crisis difficult to solve. The creation of the European Central Bank (ECB) and of the euro leaves unresolved the serious problem of how a European Monetary Union member will respond to an asymmetric shock.
General Stochastic Integration and Local Times

We defined a semimartingale as a “good integrator” in Chap. II, and this led naturally to defining the stochastic integral as a limit of sums. To express an integral as a limit of sums requires some path smoothness of the integrands and we limited our attention to processes in L: the space of adapted processes with paths that are left continuous and have right limits. The space L is sufficient to prove Ito’s formula, the Girsanov-Meyer theorem, and it also suffices in some applications such as stochastic differential equations. But other uses, such as martingale representation theory or local times, require a larger space of integrands.
Distribution and size of mucous glands in the ferret tracheobronchial tree.

A transgenic ferret model of cystic fibrosis has recently been generated. It is probable that malfunction of airway mucous glands contributes significantly to the airway pathology of this disease. The usefulness of the ferret model may therefore depend in part on how closely the airway glands of ferrets resemble those of humans. Here, we show that in the ferret trachea glands are commonest in its most ventral aspect and disappear about half way up the lateral walls; they are virtually absent from the dorsal membranous portion. Further, the aggregate volume of glands per unit mucosal surface declines progressively by about 60% between the larynx and the carina. The average frequency of glands openings for the ferret trachea as a whole is only about one-fifth that in humans (where gland openings are found at approximately the same frequency throughout the trachea). Glands in the ferret trachea are on average about one-third the size of those in the human. Therefore, the aggregate volume of tracheal glands (per unit mucosal surface area) in the ferret is only about 6% that in humans. As in other mammalian species, airway glands in the ferret disappear at an airway internal diameter of ∼1 mm, corresponding approximately in this species to airway generation 6. Anat Rec, 296:1768–1774, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The accuracy of conventional 2D video for quantifying upper limb kinematics in repetitive motion occupational tasks.

Marker-less 2D video tracking was studied as a practical means to measure upper limb kinematics for ergonomics evaluations. Hand activity level (HAL) can be estimated from speed and duty cycle. Accuracy was measured using a cross-correlation template-matching algorithm for tracking a region of interest on the upper extremities. Ten participants performed a paced load transfer task while varying HAL (2, 4, and 5) and load (2.2 N, 8.9 N and 17.8 N). Speed and acceleration measured from 2D video were compared against ground truth measurements using 3D infrared motion capture. The median absolute difference between 2D video and 3D motion capture was 86.5 mm/s for speed, and 591 mm/s2 for acceleration, and less than 93 mm/s for speed and 656 mm/s2 for acceleration when camera pan and tilt were within ± 30 degrees. Single-camera 2D video had sufficient accuracy ( < 100 mm/s) for evaluating HAL.Practitioner Summary: This study demonstrated that 2D video tracking had sufficient accuracy to measure HAL for ascerta...
Aberrant pathways in the late stages of cholesterol biosynthesis in the rat. Origin and metabolic fate of unsaturated sterols relevant to the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

Minor aberrant pathways of cholesterol biosyn- thesis normally produce only trace levels of abnormal sterol metabolites but may assume major importance when an es- sential biosynthetic step is blocked. Cholesta-5,8-dien-3 b -ol, its D 5,7 isomer, and other noncholesterol sterols accumulate in subjects with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a severe developmental disorder caused by a defective D 7 ste- rol reductase gene. We have explored the formation and metabolism of unsaturated sterols relevant to SLOS by incu- bating tritium-labeled D 5,8 , D 6,8 , D 6,8(14) , D 5,8(14) , and D 8 ste- rols with rat liver preparations. More than 60 different incu- bations were carried out with washed microsomes or the 10,000 g supernatant under aerobic or anaerobic condi- tions; some experiments included addition of cofactors, fen- propimorph (a D 8 - D 7 isomerase inhibitor), and/or AY-9944 (a D 7 reductase inhibitor). The tritium-labeled metabolites
Immunologic distribution of an organic anion transport protein in rat liver and kidney

A Na(+)-independent organic anion transport protein was recently cloned from rat liver using a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system [E. Jacquemin, B. Hagenbuch, B. Stieger, A.W. Wolkoff, and P.J. Meier, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 133-137, 1994]. Although expression of this protein is sufficient for cells to transport the organic anion bromosulfophthalein, little is known about its cell biology or biochemical characteristics. Northern blot analysis performed under high-stringency conditions revealed hybridization with RNA only from liver and kidney; transcripts appeared the same in these two organs. Within kidney, hybridization was greatest when RNA extracted from the outer medulla was used. Immunoblot analysis revealed that in liver, the transporter was enriched in 0.1 M Na2CO3-extracted membranes and sinusoidal plasma membrane preparations, consistent with its being an integral membrane protein. This 80-kDa protein migrated as a 65-kDa protein after treatment with N-glycanase. Immunomorphological examination of liver revealed basolateral plasma membrane localization. In 0.1 M Na2CO3-extracted membranes of kidney, the transporter migrated as an 83-kDa protein on nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). On reduction, it resolved into peptides of 33 and 37 kDa. SDS-PAGE migration of the liver protein was unaffected by reduction. Immunomorphological examination of kidney revealed apical plasma membrane localization in the S3 segment of the proximal tubule of the outer medulla. Differential processing and trafficking of this transporter in liver and kidney may have important functional and regulatory consequences.
Clinical Atlas of Granulomatous Disorders

Clinical Atlas of Granulomatous Disorders Joseph C. English III, MD * Because dermatologists are classically visual learners and trained with many Kodachrome (now digital image) teaching sessions during residency and at continuing medical education conferences, I thought adding digital images would be ideal. Therefore, to further the reader’s experience with granulomatous disorders that were reviewed in great detail in this issue of Dermatology Clinics , I have added a “Clinical Atlas of Granulomatous Disorder” from cases that I have encountered over my career. I initially intended to include dermatopathology, but being a clinician- educator I wanted to focus on the unique clinical morphologies that these diseases present. How- ever, with that being stated, dermatopathology plays a crucial role in differentiating these entities (ie, the best example is mucin staining to differen- tiate granuloma annulare from all other palisading granulomas). As one can tell, some images are scanned Kodachromes as my career has evolved from Kodak film to .jpg images, so I apologize for some horizontal lines in a few images. I want to thank all the patients that allowed me to image their skin disease and all the past, present, and future residents and colleagues who have and will work tirelessly in managing these patients with me. I hope you enjoy this collection as much as I enjoyed putting this section together for you
Using linkage maps to correct and scaffold de novo genome assemblies: methods, challenges, and computational tools.

Modern high-throughput DNA sequencing has made it possible to inexpensively produce genome sequences, but in practice many of these draft genomes are fragmented and incomplete. Genetic linkage maps based on recombination rates between physical markers have been used in biology for over 100 years and a linkage map, when paired with a de novo sequencing project, can resolve mis-assemblies and anchor chromosome-scale sequences. Here, I summarize the methodology behind integrating de novo assemblies and genetic linkage maps, outline the current challenges, review the available software tools and discuss new mapping technologies.
COMMUNITY EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES: ASSESSING REPORTING BIAS

A household health survey of residents living near two hazardous waste disposal sites in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana was conducted in 1981-1982 as part of a comprehensive study of the effects of those sites on the environment and on the health of nearby residents. An unexposed community was included in the health survey for comparison. Due to media coverage and public concern about the sites, two potential indices of reporting bias, hypochondriasis and respondent's opinion about the environmental effects of waste sites, were included in the survey. Because air and water quality data showed little evidence that hazardous concentrations of chemicals were being released from the sites, questions were raised about the interpretation of the health survey data. The data were analyzed, therefore, for the association between symptom reports and the potential indices of reporting bias. Hypochondriasis scores were associated with symptom reports regardless of location of residence while an individual's opinion showed a different pattern by area of residence. Respondents living near one of the waste disposal sites who answered "yes" to the opinion question were 2-3 times more likely to report some types of symptoms than residents of the comparison community. In contrast, there was little difference in symptom reports between the exposed and comparison communities for those answering "no" to the opinion question. The usefulness of self-reported symptom data in studies of communities near hazardous waste disposal sites is discussed, and attention is called to the need to develop measures sensitive to reporting bias in epidemiologic studies.
Lower-extremity edema associated with gene transfer of naked DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may enhance vascular permeability in humans. In this study, 34% of patients undergoing VEGF gene transfer developed lower-extremity edema. This condition r...
A SIMULTANEOUS TEST OF COMPETING THEORIES REGARDING THE JANUARY EFFECT

In a multivariate context, the January effect appears most significantly related to excess individual liquidity (i.e., high cash balances and low expected taxes), but multicollinearity may obscure the relation between other variables and the effect. In a univariate context, prior February–December returns and the standard deviation of prior-year returns are most significantly related to the January effect. In both contexts, higher January volume and lower real interest rates are correlated with higher January returns. I find no evidence that window dressing by professional managers or macroeconomic seasonality (other than real interest rate seasonality) are significantly related to the January effect.
Rheological and thermal properties of soybean oils with modified FA compositions

Rheological and thermal properties of five soybean oils with modified FA compositions were studied. Viscosity decreased with increasing temperature at different rates for the different oils. Oil with a high-oleic acid content had higher viscosity and a greater rate of change than did oils with typical FA compositions, oil with low-saturated FA or low-linolenic acid content, or oil from lipoxygenase-free soybeans. The melting and crystallization behaviors of the oils were examined using DSC. The high-oleic acid oil and the oil with low-saturated FA content had different DSC profiles compared with the other oils. Specific heat capacities of oils were estimated using a mathematical model; the high-oleic acid oil had a higher specific heat value, and the low-saturated FA oil had a lower value than did the other oils.
Effect of molecular structure on incipient soot formation

Abstract A rational threshold soot index (TSI) varying from 0 to 100 is defined for evaluating the onset of soot formation in both premixed and diffusion flames. It is shown that all of the data in the literature on either premixed or diffusion flames, taken by many techniques, are consitent with respect to molecular structure for each of the two types of flames. There is also a closer similarity between the effect of molecular structure on soot formation in premixed and diffusion flames than previously thought. The use of TSI permits one to use all of the literature data to interpret molecular structure effects and thus arrive at rules for predicting the effect of molecular structure for compounds which have not yet been measured or to correlate the results from one experimental sytem with another. If a correlation can be demonstrated between the effect of molecular structure on soot formation in laboratory and in practical systems, then TSIs will be useful to the synfuels program for defining the desired fuel components to be prepared from a given feedstock.
Synthesis and characterization of bis (4-maleimidophenyl) fluorene and its semi interpenetrating network membranes with polyether imide (Ultem® 1000)

Abstract A semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) of bis (4-maleimidophenyl) fluorene (cardo-BMI) and polyether imide (PEI, Ultem® 1000) was prepared. The structure of bis (4-maleimidophenyl) fluorene and the corresponding semi-IPNs was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The thermal properties of the cardo-BMI and semi-IPNs were evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The semi-IPNs exhibited thermal stability up to 480 °C. The morphology of the semi-IPNs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Asymmetric membranes were prepared from the semi-IPN material by the wet phase inversion method. The pure gas permeation properties of the PEI and semi-IPN membranes were evaluated for oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by the constant pressure and variable volume method at an absolute feed pressure of 0.69 MPa at 22 °C. The CO2/N2 selectivity of 39.2 ± 3.0 with a CO2 permeance of 18.3 ± 4.0 GPU of semi-IPN membrane was higher than the PEI membranes (selectivity 21.6 ± 4.1 and CO2 permeance 0.5 ± 0.1 GPU). The highest CO2/CH4 selectivity of the semi-IPN membrane was 49.3 ± 3.5 compared to 37 for a PEI dense film. Among the semi-IPN membranes, those with 5 wt% cardo-BMI exhibited better performance than the 1% and 10%.
Hopping in Si-MOSFETs near the 2D metal–insulator transition

Abstract We investigated the temperature dependence of resistivity of a high mobility Si-MOSFET in the insulating regime near a 2D metal–insulator transition. Coulomb hopping in a wide range of temperature and carrier density was found. Quantitative analysis of the results suggests that electron–electron interaction is screened by the metal-gate as the localization length increases. The hopping is highly correlated, i.e. the observed hopping energy is one order of magnitude smaller than the expected value from a single-particle hopping picture.
Gestational diabetes induces alterations in the function of neonatal endothelial colony-forming cells

Gestational diabetes induces alterations in the function of neonatal endothelial colony-forming cells
Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States

The international community has embraced an unprecedented approach to collapsed states — those that have lost their capacity to perform even the most basic functions. While historically such states simply disappeared, divided up into smaller units or were conquered by a more powerful neighbour, collapsed states are now expected to be rebuilt within the same international borders thanks to the intervention of multilateral organizations and bilateral donors. Furthermore, there is now the expectation that these states will from the very beginning be rebuilt as democracies with strong institutions. This article examines the model of state reconstruction currently adopted by the international community and some examples of its implementation. It concludes that the approach cannot be applied to all countries, that institution–building is often undertaken prematurely, and that there is a discrepancy between the donors’ prescriptions and the resources they are willing to make available.
Human guided evolution of XUL user interfaces

Graphical user interface design is a time consuming, expensive, and complex software design process. User interface design is both art and science in that we use both objective and subjective design metrics to evaluate interfaces. An automated process that relies on both subjective and objective metrics to guide the evolution of effective, personalized user interfaces could significantly change current GUI development and maintenance practice. This paper uses an interactive genetic algorithm to evolve XUL user interface layouts by combining objective and subjective metrics. The genetic algorithm encodes expert knowledge from prominent usability guidelines as objective heuristics. Further, the graphical user interface developer (or user!) biases and guides the evolution of the interfaces by subjectively evaluating and selecting the.best. and.worst. interfaces from a small set of displayed interface prototypes. We explore how the selection of individuals from the population to be displayed to the user for subjective evaluation affects the convergence of the genetic algorithm and show that our methodology can produce effective interfaces that reflect subjective user-preferred aesthetics.
Unusual Depletions toward the SMC Star SK 155-Differences in Dust Composition in the SMC Interstellar Medium?

We report initial results from an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph echelle spectra of interstellar absorption toward Sk 155, located in the "wing" region of the SMC. There are at least 12 Milky Way (disk and halo) and at least 25 SMC components discernible in the profiles of various neutral and singly ionized species. Fits to the line profiles yield column densities and relative elemental abundances for the individual components. In the SMC components, the depletions of Fe and Ni range from mild ([Fe, Ni/Zn] ~ -0.3 to -0.8 dex) to severe ([Fe, Ni/Zn] ~ -1.7 dex); Mg and Si, however, appear to be essentially undepleted ([Mg, Si/Zn] ~ -0.1 to +0.2 dex) throughout. The combination of severe depletion for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni and negligible depletion for Mg and Si has not been seen in any Galactic sight line. If Si is generally undepleted in the SMC, then current models of the SMC dust—which rely heavily on silicates—will have to be reconsidered; oxides and/or metallic grains may dominate. We briefly discuss possible the implications of these SMC depletions for understanding the elemental abundances in QSO absorption-line systems.
The Role of a Conserved Acidic Residue in Calcium-dependent Protein Folding for a Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-A Module IMPLICATIONS IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION FOR THE LDL RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY

One common feature of the more than 1,000 complement-type repeats (or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-A modules) found in LDL receptor and the other members of the LDL receptor superfamily is a cluster of five highly conserved acidic residues in the C-terminal region, DXXXDXXDXXDE. However, the role of the third conserved aspartate of these LDL-A modules in protein folding and ligand recognition has not been elucidated. In this report, using a model LDL-A module and several experimental approaches, we demonstrate that this acidic residue, like the other four conserved acidic residues, is involved in calcium-dependent protein folding. These results suggest an alternative calcium coordination conformation for the LDL-A modules. The proposed model provides a plausible explanation for the conservation of this acidic residue among the LDL-A modules. Furthermore, the model can explain why mutations of this residue in human LDL receptor cause familial hypercholesterolemia.
Randomization and Additivity in the Two‐Period Crossover Clinicial Trial

In certain areas of medical research, the two-period crossover design is a frequent choice for comparing treatments A and B in a randomized clinical trial. Earlier work by Grizzle and by Brown was based upon a parametric theory linear model. Recently, the present authors employed D. R. Cox's additive randomization models and, for the case of zero residual effect, found a discrepancy between it and the parametric model with respect to the precision of period effects. In the present note, this divergence is accounted for by allowing for the possibility of non-additivity through the use of a completely general randomization model. It is concluded that the structure of the crossover design is such that use of the parametric theory linear model is required if a single, consistent model is desired.
Reactions of lithium with small graphene fragments: Semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations

Semi-empirical and ab initio calculations, as well as inelastic neutron spectroscopy, demonstrate that Li can bind to protonated edge carbons to create a moiety analogous to the organolithium monomer C{sub 2}H{sub 2}Li{sub 2}. This provides a possible additional channel for Li uptake in high capacity Li-ion battery anodes based on low-T pyrolyzed soft carbons. Here the authors show that similar reactivity is exhibited by polyaromatic hydrocarbons with the protons removed (taken as surrogates for the structural units in hard carbons). In the deprotonated PAH'es the Li serves to saturate dangling bonds, maintaining sp{sup 2} hybridization, whereas Li added to PAH'es creates sp{sup 3} carbons at the edges. In both cases this extra reactivity occurs in parallel with the usual intercalation. These findings have implications for further development in Li-ion rechargeable battery technology.
Severe obstructive sleep apnea increases mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease and myocardial injury

We hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a dose-dependent impact on mortality in those with ischemic heart disease or previous myocardial injury. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 281 consecutive OSA patients with a history of myocardial injury as determined by elevated troponin levels or with known existing ischemic heart disease. We compared survival between those with severe OSA [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30] and those with mild to moderate OSA (AHI >5 and <30). Of the 281 patients (mean age 65 years, mean BMI 34, 98% male, 58% with diabetes), 151 patients had mild-moderate OSA and 130 had severe OSA. During a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, there were significantly greater deaths in the severe OSA group compared to the mild-moderate OSA group [53 deaths (41%) vs. 44 deaths (29%), respectively, p = 0.04]. The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality with severe OSA was 1.72 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.91, p = 0.04). The severity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of death, and risk stratification based on OSA severity is relevant even in the diseased cardiac patient.
The presence of a Q wave in lead V5 excludes manifest preexcitation

Background The degree of preexcitation in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may vary depending on autonomic tone, heart rate, pathway location, and atrioventricular node conduction. When subtle, preexcitation may be difficult to detect with a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Furthermore, the pattern of preexcitation may be mimicked in patients with QRS widening and rapid atrioventricular node conduction. Methods We studied 50 patients with manifest accessory pathways who underwent electrophys-iological study and pathway ablation. Pre- and postablation ECGs for the presence or absence of a Q wave in leads V5 and V6 were studied. ECGs from an additional 19 patients were used to validate the observations. Results We found that no patient with preexcitation had a Q wave in lead V5 and only 1 of 50 patients had a Q wave in V6. This was a reproducible finding in the 26 patients with multiple ECGs obtained on separate days. The results were validated in an additional 19 patients none of whom had a Q wave in V5, and 1 had a Q wave in V6. Conclusions The presence of a Q wave in lead V5 reliably excludes manifest preexcitation.
Heat-flow anomalies crossing New Mexico along La Ristra seismic profile

Heat-flow data along La Ristra seismic line crossing New Mexico from the Colorado Plateau to the Great Plains suggest that the Jemez Lineament and the Rio Grande rift are high heat-flow geologic provinces, which, from the heat-flow data, appear separated by a triangular wedge of Colorado Plateau. Estimated mid-depths of upper-mantle thermal sources for the Jemez Lineament and the Rio Grande rift generally agree with the mid-depths of the greatest upper-mantle seismic velocity anomalies, supporting the suggestion that these seismic anomalies are caused in part by increased temperature. Mid-depths of shallower thermal sources are near the mid-depth between the top of the crustal seismic velocity anomaly and the top of the upper-mantle seismic anomaly. Heat flow returns to intermediate values in the Colorado Plateau and the eastern rift flank of the Rio Grande rift, suggesting similar crustal and upper-mantle thermal conditions in the two regions and low values in the Great Plains, indicating cooler crustal and upper-mantle temperatures. Heat-flow values are generally consistent with seismic velocities, although differences between the data sets are observed for the Rio Grande rift eastern flank.
Erythroblastosis fetalis in the Negro infant

Summary Five cases of erythroblastosis fetalis have been presented in Negro infants. Four cases had clinical and serologic findings consistent with the type described by Halbrecht as "icterus precox." Only one case exhibited typical Rh sensitization. That A-B-O sensitization can occasionally cause severe damage is reflected in one case which developed kernicterus but survived. Polayes 10 similarly reported kernicterus in an infant who died on the fifth day of life with hemolytic disease produced by anti-A agglutinins. The pertinent clinical features of our cases are summarized in Table I. It is noted that all patients recovered. Only one infant exhibited a complication (kernicterus). The infant with Rh sensitization presented characteristic symptoms at birth; however, the cases due to A-B-O sensitization did not develop significant findings until three to five days following delivery. On the basis of our experience with erythroblastosis in Negro infants, we are inclined to concur with the observation of Wiener and Zuelzer that most cases of erythroblastosis in Negro infants are due to A-B-O incompatibilities (icterus precox) and not to Rh sensitization which is rare in this race.
Implications of sensor location in steam reformer temperature control

Abstract Hydrogen can be produced via steam reformation of many feedstocks. External heat sources provide the thermal energy required by the endothermic steam reformation reactions. Temperature control of the steam reformation reactor is critical to reactor performance and catalyst life. Closed-loop control systems are typically used to modulate the heat input rate based on a comparison between a set point temperature and a temperature measurement. The location of the temperature sensor relative to the heat input location is a choice made during reactor design that can have significant impact on reactor temperature control. In this paper we present an analysis of temperature data for an operating tubular methanol steam reformation reactor with 4 zones of discrete heating. We compare the temperature fluctuations measured using a feedback temperature sensor at the centerline farthest from the heat input, at the interior surface closer to the heat input, and at the exterior surface of the reactor tube in contact with the heat source. Temperature sensor locations at the centerline result in large temperature overshoot at the periphery of the catalyst bed near the heat input location, as well as large temperature fluctuations throughout the catalyst bed. Temperature sensor locations near the heat source result in reduced temperature fluctuations throughout the catalyst bed with virtually no temperature overshoot at any location.
Spectral methods for microstructure design

Microstructure design is a vital enabling technology for modern industry that promises to short circuit the traditional empirical-based methods for design of new materials. However, inverse design methods that underlie microstructure design are generally computationally intensive, thus limiting their widespread adoption. This paper presents an inverse design approach that is based upon spectral methods in order to achieve a highly efficient framework for rapid design of materials. Some initial applications of the approach are briefly outlined.
TBXA2R rSNPs, Transcriptional Factor Binding Sites and Asthma in Asians

Four regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) (rs2238631, rs2238632, rs2238633 and rs2238634) in intron one, two rSNPs (rs1131882 and rs4523) in exon 3 and one rSNP (rs5756) in the 3’UTR of the thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) gene have been associated with childhoodonset asthma in Asians. These rSNP alleles alter the DNA landscape for potential transcriptional factors (TFs) to attach resulting in changes in transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBS). These TFBS changes are examined with respect to asthma which has been found to be significantly associated with the rSNPs.
Disseminated gonococcal infection in women.

OBJECTIVE:To review the clinical presentation, complications, and response to treatment of pregnant and nonpregnant women admitted for management of disseminated gonococcal infection over a 34-year period.METHODS:This was a review of all women diagnosed with disseminated gonococcal infection who wer
Copper inclusions in sheet silicates from porphyry Cu deposits

Economic geologists have studied the Cu contents of biotite for at least a quarter of a century as potential guides for exploration and as clues to the genesis of porphyry copper deposits1–12. These earlier studies used bulk analytical techniques, and a common, although cautious, assumption was that Cu substituted for Fe in the octahedral sites of the biotite. Here we report data from high-resolution and X-ray analytical transmission electron microscopy which demonstrate that anomalous Cu in biotite is present primarily as submicrometre inclusions of pure native Cu in the interlayer regions of the mica. The inclusions occur with greatest density and size in mixed-layer sheet silicate domains which form by alteration of biotite and chlorite. Less abundant and smaller Cu inclusions are associated with biotites that show subtle alteration only on the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy scale. The association of Cu inclusions with alteration domains, coupled with mass-balance considerations, suggests that these sheet silicates act as Cu sinks, and not as sources for primary mineralization.
The Other Side of the Sixties: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of Conservative Politics

What were young conservatives doing in the 1960s while SDS and SNCC were working to move the political center to the left? The Other Side of the Sixties offers a gripping account of Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), an organization that became a leading force in promoting conservative ideas and that helped lay the groundwork for today's conservatism. John Andrew has mined unique archival material to document YAF's efforts to form a viable organization, define a new conservatism, attack the liberal establishment, and seize control of the Republican party, all while battling voter hostility and internal factionalism. The author also uncovers the Kennedy administration's use of the IRS to subvert YAF and other right-wing organizations through tax audits and investigations. By painting a more balanced portrait of political thinking in the sixties, Andrew offers a new and much needed look at the ideological atmosphere of a vibrant decade.
Molecular cloning of the chicken gizzard telokin gene and cDNA.

Abstract Telokin is a protein which consists of the C-terminal portion of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) ( M. Ito, R. Dabrowska, V. Guerriero, Jr., and D. J. Hartshone (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 13971–13974 ). In this study, the chicken gizzard telokin cDNA and gene were cloned and analyzed. The telokin cDNA coded 157 amino acid residues which were completely identical to the C-terminal portion of the amino acid sequence of chicken gizzard MLCK. The telokin gene was coded in a 6.3-kb Eco RI genomic fragment and it consisted of three exons. The 5′-leader sequence of the telokin cDNA and genomic sequence revealed that the telokin gene was included in the MLCK gene and the transcription started in the intronic sequence of the MLCK gene. The analysis of the telokin gene suggests that the telokin expression was under the control of an independent promoter. Northern blotting and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods revealed that telokin was expressed not only in chicken gizzard but also in chicken heart, lung, intestine, and skeletal muscle although the levels of the expression in the latter were much less than that in the gizzard.
Long-term use of televisions, balls, and mirrors as enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees.

The evaluation of environmental enrichment techniques for nonhuman primates over long periods of time has had mixed results. Some studies report rapid habituation to new enrichment items, while others note continued use. We have investigated the use of three different enrichments that had been available to paired and singly caged chimpanzees for several years. Twenty subjects were observed during 200 hr of scan sampling while singly caged and while pair housed. Each subject had a variety of enrichments available and their use of a television, ball, and mirror were recorded. The chimpanzees had previous exposure to all of the items: televisions had been available for a mean of 22.75 months, balls had been available for 55.9 months, and mirrors had been available for 25.9 months. The results indicated that the chimpanzees continued to use the enrichments for small amounts of time (0.27%-1.53% of the observations) even after such prolonged exposure. Television and ball use were significantly higher than mirror use. Housing condition was not a significant factor in the analyses, contrary to expectations. We concluded that several simple enrichment items may be effective in offering variety and choices to the nonhuman primate and can be one element in a comprehensive environmental enhancement plan. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characterization of autoemission reflection at high frequencies for precise radiometer calibration

The close coupling of antenna horns and pyramidal calibration loads on passive microwave radiometers is standard practice for operational spaceborne calibration. However, various radiometer front end architectures can allow radiation leakage (autoemission) out of the horn which can produce local oscillator standing waves along with upper and lower sideband signals reflected back into the radiometer. Calibration loads are designed to minimize such reflections but this effect still has a measureable effect with error amplitudes that are important for radiometric studies of long term trends in climate. Front end RF isolators and low noise amplifiers (LNAs) can be unavailable or expensive at frequencies above ∼90 GHz, in which case there is little protection against autoemission. This study investigates the standing waves resulting from a pyramidal microwave calibration target due to autoemission from a 183 GHz radiometer. The radiometer measures 7 channels using a double side band (DSB) architecture with RF offsets from the LO ranging from 0.55 GHz to 16 GHz. A calibration target is stepped in distance while brightness temperatures are continuously sampled. By detrending gain variations, and coherently averaging the brightness, standing waveforms are obtained. A Fourier transform is subsequently used to analyze the data in the spatial frequency domain. Contributing sources of the autoemission are identified as due to local oscillator (LO) reflections and the reflected RF passband noise from one of the two sidebands of the DSB radiometer. The standard deviation of the standing wave is statistically calculated and compared for a number of measurement cases. Two pyramidal targets are investigated at 4 alignment positions, including over the tip, valley, and combinations of the two. Standing wave results from a 55 GHz radiometer with similar processing techniques were presented at NRSM in 2012 and are compared to results from this study. Results from reflections from a flat aluminum plate are studied. From Fourier analysis, the highest autoemission returns over the targets were typically found to be at the frequency corresponding to twice the lower sideband frequency.
Mutagenicity and DNA-damaging activity for several pesticides tested with Bacillus subtilis mutants ☆

The active pure compounds of 4 pesticides were tested for DNA-damaging and mutagenic activity in Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. Included were zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (dithane), 1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (maleic hydrazide), O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate (malathion), and 1,2-dibromoethane (fumazone). These agents gave either weak or negative mutagenic responses with the Salmonella/microsome tests for mutagenicity, but were all positive when the tester was B. subtilis strain TKJ6321. Of the 4 chemicals, only fumazone required metabolic activation with rat-liver S9 mix. Upon activation, it produced a volatile mutagenic product. Dithane, maleic hydrazide, and malathion were all mutagenic and did not require metabolic activation. Among these agents, dithane was strongly mutagenic while fumazone, maleic hydrazide and malathion were moderately mutagenic. Only dithane gave significant DNA-damaging activity when applied to a battery of repair-deficient B. subtilis mutants. For the chemicals reported, it is concluded that B. subtilis is superior to S. typhimurium in the detection of mutagenic activity. We strongly recommend its use for prescreening procedures in combination with the S. typhimurium testers.
Safety and Feasibility of Using Sorafenib in Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Background and Aim: The majority of patients who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a very good prognosis if the tumor is within
FMM-based vortex method for simulation of isotropic turbulence on GPUs, compared with a spectral method

Abstract The Lagrangian vortex method offers an alternative numerical approach for direct numerical simulation of turbulence. The fact that it uses the fast multipole method (FMM)—a hierarchical algorithm for N -body problems with highly scalable parallel implementations—as numerical engine makes it a potentially good candidate for exascale systems. However, there have been few validation studies of Lagrangian vortex simulations and the insufficient comparisons against standard DNS codes has left ample room for skepticism. This paper presents a comparison between a Lagrangian vortex method and a pseudo-spectral method for the simulation of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence. This flow field is chosen despite the fact that it is not the most favorable flow problem for particle methods (which shine in wake flows or where vorticity is compact), due to the fact that it is ideal for the quantitative validation of DNS codes. We use a 256 3 grid with Re λ = 50 and 100 and look at the turbulence statistics, including high-order moments. The focus is on the effect of the various parameters in the vortex method, e.g., order of FMM series expansion, frequency of reinitialization, overlap ratio and time step. The vortex method uses an FMM code ( exaFMM ) that runs on GPU hardware using CUDA, while the spectral code ( hit3d ) runs on CPU only. Results indicate that, for this application (and with the current code implementations), the spectral method is an order of magnitude faster than the vortex method when using a single GPU for the FMM and six CPU cores for the FFT.
Process Modeling of Comprehensive Integrated Forest Biorefinery—An Integrated Approach

The key to expanding the energy supply, increasing energy security, and reducing the dependency on foreign oil is to develop advanced technologies to efficiently transform our renewable bioresources into domestically produced bioenergy and bioproducts. Conventional biorefineries, i.e., forest products industry’s pulp and paper mills with long history of sustainable utilization of lignocellulose (wood), offer a suitable platform for being expanded into future integrated forest biorefineries. Due to the pre-existing infrastructure in current forest products operations, this could present a very cost-effective approach to future biorefineries. In order to better understand the overall process, technical, economic, and environmental impacts, a detailed process modeling of the whole integrated forest biorefinery is presented here. This approach uses a combination of Aspen Plus®, WinGEMS®, and Microsoft Excel® to simulate the entire biorefinery in detail with sophisticated communication interface between the three simulations. Preliminary results for a simple case study of an integrated biorefinery show the feasibility of this approach. Further investigations, including additional details, more process options, and complete integration, are currently underway.
Hybrid concept analysis of self-management in adults newly diagnosed with epilepsy.

The objective of this study was to analyze and define the concept of self-management for adults diagnosed with epilepsy in the previous 12 months. Using the hybrid concept analysis method, we analyzed the concept of self-management as used in literature and as described by patients. The three phases of a hybrid concept analysis are theory, fieldwork, and analysis. Patient perceptions of the concept were elicited in the fieldwork phase via semistructured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze both theoretical and fieldwork phase data. The analysis yielded 12 themes regarding the participants’ self-management experiences that were organized under three main, interactive themes: emotional and physical comfort, functional ability, and self-management actions and behaviors. A conceptual framework and definition of self-management also emerged. We conclude that the patients in this population have unique self-management experiences, and an understanding of those needs allows health care providers to devise and utilize interventions to assist those patients in self-managing their epilepsy. Additional research is needed to investigate self-management further in this population.
Spintronics: Getting current pulses under control

Ultrafast spin currents in iron-based heterostructures generate terahertz radiation bursts whose frequency can be tailored through structural engineering.