cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CDC-funded intervention research aimed at promoting colorectal cancer screening in communities†

BACKGROUND. Although strong scientific evidence has shown that screening for colorectal cancer saves lives, most U.S. adults who are at the recommended age are not being screened. Prior studies suggest that barriers to routine screening vary by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, urban/rural residence, health insurance status, and factors related to health care providers and the health care environment. Relatively few studies, however, have identified and tested intervention approaches to promote routine colorectal cancer screening among diverse populations. METHODS. The Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has funded ongoing projects to develop and test interventions to promote routine colorectal cancer screening among medically underserved populations in Appalachia, the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, the High Plains region of Colorado, and other U.S. communities. RESULTS. This article provides an overview of colorectal cancer screening intervention studies currently funded by CDC that focus on a wide range of populations, including medically underserved persons who live in predominately rural areas, Hispanic and non-Hispanic persons, urban African Americans, persons with low health literacy, and persons enrolled in managed care organizations. CONCLUSIONS. These CDC-funded intervention research projects are likely to contribute importantly to evidence about what works to promote colorectal cancer screening in diverse U.S. communities. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Role for protein kinase C delta in the functional activity of human UGT1A6: implications for drug–drug interactions between PKC inhibitors and UGT1A6

Many UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) require phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) for glucuronidation activity. Inhibition of UGT phosphorylation by PKC inhibitor drugs may represent a nov...
Effect of Nd on Structure and Properties of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys

The influence of Nd on structure and properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (Al-17.5%Si, Al-25%Si) was investigated in this paper. For Al-17.5%Si alloy, there is no obvious variation in morphology of primary Si before and after Nd modification, but the average size of primary Si is decreased from 34.73µm to 23.39µm after 0.3%Nd modification. Compared with initial sample, the tensile strength and yield strength of 0.3%Nd-modified sample are increased by 11.6% and 1.5%, and wear resistance of Al-17.5%Si alloy is enhanced to a factor of 2.1 after 0.3%Nd modification. However, for Al-25%Si alloy, the tensile strength and yield strength of 0.3%Nd-modified sample are respectively improved by 22.1% and 9.5% as compared to initial sample. Meanwhile, wear resistance of modified sample is improved to a factor of 3 relative to initial sample. The property improvement of two alloys can be attributed to the change in morphology and size of primary Si after Nd modification.
Part II: Control of a One-Degree-of-Freedom Active Hydraulic Mount

In the first part of this investigation, a model of an active hydraulic mount was developed using the method of conic sector bounding to capture plant nonlinearities. The purpose of the mount is to make a mass that is driven by an external force and a hydraulic actuator behave as if it were a prescribed mechanical impedance driven solely by the external force. A two-degree-of-freedom control system, that consists of a feedback controller and a prefilter, is proposed as a solution. A position-velocity-acceleration (PVA) feedback controller using classical root locus methods and an H 2 -optimal feedback controller are designed using the plant model. A prefilter is then used to prescribe the mechanical impedance of the mount. The performance of these control systems is investigated in the frequency domain using Robust Control Theory. Finally, numerical simulations of a high-fidelity nonlinear model are used to assess the performance of each controller in the time domain.
LEAK DETECTION AND LEAK LOCATION IN UNDERGROUND PIPELINES1

ABSTRACT The use of passive acoustic techniques to detect and locate leaks in underground pipelines that carry pressurized liquids is being investigated in a joint research program between the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Acoustic techniques permit more cost-effective, timely, and accurate leak detection and location than currently established techniques, such as methodologies based on volumetric changes and others based on pressure loss. An experimental facility for determining the capabilities and limitations of improved leak detection and leak location methods based on advanced acoustic principles is being developed at the EPA's research facility in Edison, New Jersey. Four representative pipeline systems will be installed and evaluated: one typical of the petrochemical industry, one typical of a navy/air force hydrant refueling system, one typical of an army central heating system, and a fourth typical of pipelines ass...
Hungry for Hope: On the Cultural and Communicative Dimensions of Development in Highland Ecuador

Hungry for Hope: On the Cultural and Communicative Dimensions of Development in Highland Ecuador. Carmen Hess. London: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., 1997. xi +113 pp., figures, notes, sources, references.
Off-mass-shell dynamics in flat spacetime

In the covariant Hamiltonian mechanics with action-at-a-distance, we compare the proper time and dynamical time representations of the coordinate space world line using the differential geometry of nongeodesic curves in 3+1 Minkowski spacetime. The covariant generalization of the Serret-Frenet equations for the point particle with interaction are derived using the arc length representation. A set of invariant point particle kinematical properties are derived which are equivalent to the solutions of the equations of motion in coordinate space and which are functions of either the proper time or the dynamical time. Expressions for the quantities are given for the example of the covariant harmonic oscillator and comments are offered regarding the measurability of the dynamical time.
Development of an Object-Oriented Fatigue Tool

A general-purpose object-oriented fatigue tool set has been designed and implemented that can serve not only as a stand-alone code for preliminary design studies, but also as a foundation for highly complex industrial ‘in-house’ fatigue codes. Due to their programming structure, these tools may easily be modified to include additional fatigue prediction methods. Three component libraries have been created to address three topics in fatigue analysis: (1) fatigue material property definition; (2) basic fatigue calculations; and (3) cumulative damage calculations. The initial programming framework has been supplemented, demonstrating the expandability of the libraries. The component libraries have been incorporated into three programs to verify their capabilities and demonstrate their use.
Stereospecific Synthesis of 2-Desamino-Tetrahydropterins as Probes of Hydroxylase Cofactor Recognition

6(S-Alkyl-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)ones have been synthesized with specific C6-chirality as probes of the properties of hydroxylase cofactor binding domain. We have previously observed that tetrahydropterin cofactor analogs with moderately large hydrophobic 6-substituents have much lower Km values for phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylases than 6-methyl-tetrahydropterin (1,2). For example, the Km’s for 6(S)-propyl-tetrahydropterin are 2 µM and 0.3 µM compared to 57 µM and 40 µM for 6(S)-methyl-tetrahydropterin with phenylalanine hydroxylase and phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase, respectively (3). The current goal was to determine the effect of removing the 2-amino group on binding. The 6(S)-methyl and 6(S)-propyl-2-desamino-tetrahydropterins (i.e. having the natural C6 configuration) were synthesized from L-alanine and L-norvaline by the stereospecific oxidative cyclization method developed in our laboratory (4,5). The optimum pH of cyclization was shifted from that of the original procedure, related to a change in the pK of the quinoid 6-alkylamino-pyrimidin-4,5-dione intermediate (due to a lack of electron donation by the 2-amino group). In contrast to the tetrahydropterin analogs, the affinity of 6(S)-propyl-2-desamino-tetrahydropterin was not much greater than with the methyl analog, indicating that the 2-amino group is required to achieve full recognition of the 6-substituent at the opposite end of the cofactor.
CAN CORPORATE VENTURING SUCCEED

Until recently, sponsoring new businesses has largely been the province of venture capital firms. Now, more and more companies are getting into the new venture business. In order to succeed at it, there are a number of lessons they must learn.
Laureate Envy: T. S. Eliot on Tennyson

(1998). Laureate Envy: T. S. Eliot on Tennyson. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 11, T. S. Eliot at 110: Fin-de-siecle Studies, Part I, pp. 29-37.
Virginia Tech fiber optic sensor-based smart materials and structures overview

The university-based program for fiber optic smart-structures technology development presently discussed gives attention to fiber production and embedding techniques, intelligent fiber-incorporation process monitoring, structural strain/temperature/vibration evaluation, and ultrasonic NDE of crack initiation and propagation in smart materials. Also being actively developed are shape-memory alloys, piezoelectric actuators, and real-time software for control and suppression of structural vibration.
The operation of filling carriages during the charging of press molds used to make large blocks

Vibration of the carriage has a positive influence on the filling of press molds and prevents sticking.
Interactions Between Bullying and High-Stakes Testing at the Elementary School Level

Bullying, a prevalent form of school violence, threatens development and learning. This article reports the findings of a qualitative study conducted in an elementary school, designed to gain an ecological understanding of bullying perceptions of this school community. The three research questions were: (a) How do individuals and groups within this community define school safety and violence? (b) How do concepts of school safety and violence affect behaviors? and (c) How might this community increase the safety of its children? Emergent from the data were the adults' preoccupation with improving results on the state-mandated high-stakes achievement test in contrast to the children's identification of largely unchecked bullying and its negative impact on their school experience and learning. Suggestions for future inquiries into bullying in an era of high-stakes testing are given.
Simultaneous Coexpression of Borrelia burgdorferi Erp Proteins Occurs through a Specific, erp Locus-Directed Regulatory Mechanism

An individual Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium can encode as many as 13 different Erp (OspE/F-related) proteins from mono-and bicistronic loci that are carried on up to 10 separate plasmids. We demonstrate through multilabel immunofluorescence analyses that individual bacteria simultaneously coexpress their entire Erp protein repertoire. While it has been proposed that B. burgdorferi controls expression of Erp and other plasmid-encoded proteins through changes in DNA topology, we observed regulated Erp expression in the absence of detectable differences in DNA supercoiling. Likewise, inhibition of DNA gyrase had no detectable effect on Erp expression. Furthermore, expression of loci physically adjacent to erp loci was observed to be independently regulated. It is concluded that Erp expression is regulated by a mechanism(s) directed at erp loci and not by a global, plasmid-wide mechanism.
Mechanisms of Stability of Fibers Electrospun from Peptides with Ionized Side Chains

Mechan-ical properties of interest have included the averagediameter and tensile strength of individual ﬁbers, andYoung’smodulus,porosity,andstrengthatbreakingofﬁbermats.Numeroussyntheticorganicpolymersandfeedstocksolvents have been utilized in an electrospinning context.Different polymers and processing conditions have beenfound to yield materials of different physical properties.Nevertheless, little is known about how to predict theproperties of individual ﬁbers and ﬁber mats from theknowledge of polymer structure, feedstock solvent, andnecessary details of materialsprocessing. Making progressin this direction will surely require focusing attention onmodel polymers and a detailed assessment of elementalcontributions to macroscopic properties.Non-crosslinked polymers in an electrospun ﬁber willinteract with each other by a variety of non-covalent
An unstable plant with no poles

An example is presented of a bounded-input/bounded-output unstable plant given by convolution with a causal locally integrable impulse response whose transfer function is everywhere analytic in the finite plane.
Body size as a primary determinant of ecomorphological diversification and the evolution of mimicry in the lampropeltinine snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae)

Evolutionary correlations between functionally related character suites are expected as a consequence of coadaptation due to physiological relationships between traits. However, significant correlations may also exist between putatively unrelated characters due to shared relationships between those traits and underlying variables, such as body size. Although such patterns are often dismissed as simple body size scaling, this presumption may overlook important evolutionary patterns of diversification. If body size is the primary determinant of potential diversity in multiple unrelated characters, the observed differentiation of species may be governed by variability in body size, and any biotic or abiotic constraints on the diversification thereof. Here, we demonstrate that traits related to both predatory specialization (gape and diet preference) and predatory avoidance (the development of Batesian mimicry) are phylogenetically correlated in the North American snake tribe Lampropeltini. This is apparently due to shared relationships between those traits and adult body size, suggesting that size is the primary determinant of ecomorphological differentiation in the lampropeltinines. Diversification in body size is apparently not linked to climatic or environmental factors, and may have been driven by interspecific interactions such as competition. Additionally, we find the presence of a ‘key zone’ for the development of both rattle- and coral snake mimicry; only small snakes feeding primarily on ectothermic prey develop mimetic colour patterns, in or near the range of venomous model species.
Quantitative genetics of floral traits in a gynodioecious wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana: implications for the independent evolution of female and hermaphrodite floral phenotypes.

The independent evolution of floral phenotype is an important part of the process of gender specialization during the evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism. However, we have little information on the genetic variation of floral traits in species with separate genders. Gynodioecious species (co-occurrence of females and hermaphrodites) have a breeding system intermediate between hermaphroditism and complete separation of the sexes (dioecy) and thus can provide insight into the genetic architecture underlying floral phenotype with respect to both primary (stamens and carpels) and secondary (petals) sexual traits. I used a nested breeding design to examine the potential for response to selection on floral traits and to examine whether this response would be similar in the two sex morphs of gynodioecious Fragaria virginiana. There was significant genetic variation underlying all floral traits, although narrow-sense heritabilities (ranging from −0.25 to 0.44) were, in most cases, much lower than broad-sense ones (ranging from 0.28 to 1.53). Moreover, the sex morphs differed significantly in their heritabilities for shared traits, such as stamen length, and showed a tendency towards differing significantly in others, like carpel number and petal length. In addition, correlations between the sex morphs for these traits (ranging from 0.41 to 0.58) were significantly greater than 0, but less than 1. These results indicate that greater sexual dimorphism could evolve in this population of F. virginiana, even if selection on these traits is not divergent. However, strong developmental integration of floral traits (e.g. stamen length and petal length) and high levels of nonadditive genetic variance may represent barriers to the evolution of complete sexual dimorphism.
Optimizing Large-Scale Graph Analysis on a Multi-threaded, Multi-core Platform

The erratic memory access pattern of graph algorithms makes it hard to optimize on cache-based architectures. While multithreading hides memory latency, it is unclear how hardware threads combined with caches impact the performance of typical graph workload. As modern architectures strike different balances between caching and multithreading, it remains an open question whether the benefit of optimizing locality behavior outweighs the cost. We study parallel graph algorithms on two different multi-threaded, multi-core platforms, that is, IBM Power7 and Sun Niagara2. Our experiments first demonstrate their performance advantage over prior architectures. We find nonetheless the number of hardware threads in either platform is not sufficient to fully mask memory latency. Our cache-friendly scheduling of memory accesses improves performance by up to 2.6 times on Power7 and prior cache-based architectures, yet the same technique significantly degrades performance on Niagara2. Software prefetching and manipulating the storage of the input to improve spatial locality improve performance by up to 2.1 times and 1.3 times on both platforms. Our study reveals interesting interplay between architecture and algorithm.
Extending the Use of NO Dielectrics for DRAM by Ultrathin Silicon Nitride RTCVD with In Situ Ammonia and Hydrogen Pre-Deposition Surface Conditioning

The use of thin nitride/oxide (NO) stacked dielectrics is common in DRAM storage node structures today. The cell capacitance can be increased without increasing the cell plate area by decreasing the thickness of the dielectric. Combinations of novel storage node structures, textured electrode surfaces, and very thin NO films (equivalent oxide thickness equal <30 Angstroms) are being characterized for use in 256 Mb and 1 Gb DRAM devices as an alternative to premature use of high k dielectric materials. However, the native oxide formed on the surface of the polysilicon bottom electrode prior to dielectric nitride deposition in a standard LPCVD furnace reactor causes the leakage current and reliability properties of the dielectric to degrade for very thin films. Using a vacuum load-locked RTCVD single-wafer reactor with appropriate in situ ammonia and hydrogen pre-deposition surface conditioning, the native oxide can be eliminated and very thin nitride films of much higher quality can be deposited. A comparison between standard batch LPCVD processing and single-wafer RTCVD for silicon nitride deposition has been done and electrical characteristics (including leakage current and time dependent dielectric breakdown) of the films have been measured. These results indicate that use of NO dielectric films may be extended 1-2 more generations of DRAM devices. This will allow more time for improving the quality of high k dielectric films.
The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants

Background: Army ants are dominant invertebrate predators in tropical and subtropical terrestrial ecosystems. Their close relatives within the dorylomorph group of ants are also highly specialized predators, although much less is known about their biology. We analyzed molecular data generated from 11 nuclear genes to infer a phylogeny for the major dorylomorph lineages, and incorporated fossil evidence to infer divergence times under a relaxed molecular clock. Results: Because our results indicate that one subfamily and several genera of dorylomorphs are non-monophyletic, we propose to subsume the six previous dorylomorph subfamilies into a single subfamily, Dorylinae. We find the monophyly of Dorylinae to be strongly supported and estimate the crown age of the group at 87 (74–101) million years. Our phylogenetic analyses provide only weak support for army ant monophyly and also call into question a previous hypothesis that army ants underwent a fundamental split into New World and Old World lineages. Outside the army ants, our phylogeny reveals for the first time many old, distinct lineages in the Dorylinae. The genus Cerapachys is shown to be non-monophyletic and comprised of multiple lineages scattered across the Dorylinae tree. We recover, with strong support, novel relationships among these Cerapachys-like clades and other doryline genera, but divergences in the deepest parts of the tree are not well resolved. We find the genus Sphinctomyrmex, characterized by distinctive abdominal constrictions, to consist of two separate lineages with convergent morphologies, one inhabiting the Old World and the other the New World tropics. Conclusions: While we obtain good resolution in many parts of the Dorylinae phylogeny, relationships deep in the tree remain unresolved, with major lineages joining each other in various ways depending upon the analytical method employed, but always with short internodes. This may be indicative of rapid radiation in the early history of the Dorylinae, but additional molecular data and more complete species sampling are needed for confirmation. Our phylogeny now provides a basic framework for comparative biological analyses, but much additional study on the behavior and morphology of doryline species is needed, especially investigations directed at the non-army ant taxa.
Physical layer design automation for RFID systems

While RFID is starting to become a ubiquitous technology, the variation between different RFID systems still remains high. This paper describes a design automation flow for fast implementation of the physical layer component of new RFID systems. Physical layer features are described using waveform features, which are used to automatically generate physical layer encoding and decoding hardware blocks. We present automated implementations of five protocols related to RFID including Manchester encoding for ultra high frequency (UHF) active tags, pulse interval encoding (PIE) for UHF passive tags, and modified miller encoding for lower frequency RFID tags. We have targeted reconfigurable devices to allow changes in the design and compared these implementations with a standard cell ASIC target.
A simple relationship between cloud drop number concentration and precursor aerosol concentration for the regions of Earth's large marine stratocumulus decks

Abstract. Aircraft–based measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), accumulation mode and Aitken mode number concentrations, cloud drop number concentration (CDNC), and selected ancillary measurements are presented for the three large, semi-permanent marine stratocumulus decks of the earth (in the Pacific offshore of California and Chile and in the Atlantic offshore of Namibia). Based on these data, a simple linear relationship between CDNC and the accumulation mode number concentration (AMNC) is derived via regression. The slope of the regression is 0.72 ± 0.04 with an R2 of 0.90, higher than those found for CDNC-CCN linear regressions. Explanations of the relatively favorable CDNC-AMNC relationship and its utility for climate studies are discussed.
Vancomycin Susceptibility of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Causing Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections

Nosocomial oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) bloodstream isolates were tested to determine the prevalence of vancomycin heteroresistance. We screened 619 ORSA nosocomial bloodstream isolates from 36 hospitals between 1997 and 2000. Only one isolate exhibiting heterotypic resistance was detected. Thus, vancomycin heteroresistance in clinical bloodstream isolates remains rare in the United States.
‘Creative crime’ and the phytological analogy

If criminologists intend to expand the conception of crime to include ‘socially injurious acts’ that are not proscribed by civil or criminal statutes, then we must also contemplate the responses to those ‘socially injurious acts.’ One such response is ‘creative crime.’ This paper outlines some of the characteristics and defining features of three categories of ‘creative crime’ — culture jamming, interventionism, and sabotage. In so doing, it identifies a phytological analogy for understanding and articulating the role of creative crime in society and its system of governance. Through a discussion of the possibilities and problems of placing ‘creative crime’ within the rubric of the various ‘branches’ of government, or as a rhizome of the same theoretical plant, kudzu is presented as the most appropriate analogy. But whether ‘creative crime’ serves as an end in itself or as part of a broader movement for change, its contributions to the ‘marketplace of ideas’ cannot be discounted.
Handover schemes in space networks: classification and performance comparison

Third generation (3G) communication networks based on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites provide a new trend in future mobile communications. LEO satellites provide lower end-to-end delays and efficient frequency spectrum utilization, making it suitable for personal communication services (PCS). However, ongoing communications using LEO satellite systems experience frequent handover due to high rotational speed of satellites. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive literature survey on proposed handover schemes for LEO satellite systems. We also present a detailed classification of handover schemes in the literature. Finally, we compare the handover schemes using different quality of service.
An Ecoregional Context for Forest Management on National Wildlife Refuges of the Upper Midwest, USA

To facilitate forest planning and management on National Wildlife Refuges, we synthesized multiple data sources to describe land ownership patterns, land cover, landscape pattern, and changes in forest composition for four ecoregions and their associated refuges of the Upper Midwest. We related observed patterns to ecological pro- cesses important for forest conservation and restoration, with specific attention to refuge patterns of importance for forest landbirds of conservation priority. The large amount of public land within the ecoregions (31-80%) suggests that opportunities exist for coarse and meso-scale approa- ches to conserving and restoring ecological processes affecting the refuges, particularly historical fire regimes. Forests dominate both ecoregions and refuges, but refuge forest patches are generally larger and more aggregated than in associated ecoregions. Broadleaf taxa have increased in dominance in the ecoregions and displaced fire-dependent taxa such as pine (Pinus spp.) and other coniferous species; these changes in forest composition have likely also affected refuge forests. Despite composi- tional changes, larger forest patches on refuges suggests that they may provide better habitat for area-sensitive forest landbirds of mature, compositionally diverse forests than surrounding lands if management continues to pro- mote increased patch size. We reason that although fine- scale research and monitoring for species of conservation priority is important, broad scale (ecoregional) assessments provide crucial context for effective forest and wildlife management in protected areas.
Interactive learning of structural shape descriptions from automatically generated near-miss examples

Sketch interfaces provide more natural interaction than the traditional mouse and palette tool, but can be time consuming to build if they have to be built anew for each new domain. A shape description language, such as the LADDER language we created, can significantly reduce the time necessary to create a sketch interface by enabling automatic generation of the interface from a domain description. However, structural shape descriptions, whether written by users or created automatically by the computer, are frequently over- or under- constrained. We present a technique to debug over- and under-constrained shapes using a novel form of active learning that generates its own suspected near-miss examples. Using this technique we implemented a graphical debugging tool for use by sketch interface developers.
Anxiety sensitivity and illicit sedative use among opiate-dependent women and men

Objectives: Research has suggested that individuals with elevated anxiety sensitivity (AS) (the fear of benign bodily sensations associated with anxiety) are more likely to use substances to cope with distress, particularly substances with arousal-dampening effects such as benzodiazepines and other sedatives. Such coping motives may also vary as a function of gender, with women more likely to use substances for coping (self-medicating) purposes. Given these findings, we hypothesized that AS would be associated with illicit sedative use in an opioid-dependent sample and that gender would moderate this relationship, with a greater association among women. Method: Participants were 68 opioid-dependent patients recruited from a methadone maintenance clinic. A logistic regression was used to determine whether AS was associated with presence or absence of a history of illicit sedative use. Results: AS was significantly associated with sedative use and this relationship was moderated by gender; elevated AS was a...
Repair of peripheral vertical meniscus lesions in porcine menisci: in vitro biomechanical testing of 3 different meniscus repair devices.

Background:All-inside meniscus repair eliminates the need for an extra incision and decreases neurovascular injury risk. Biomechanical testing can help delineate the efficacy of all-inside device use.Hypothesis:There would be no group differences between 4 peripheral meniscus repair techniques and 3 different devices tested.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Equivalent-sized menisci with attached tibiae were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 test groups (8 specimens each), as follows: group 1, Fast-Fix using No. 0 braided polyester suture; group 2, inside-out repair using 2-0 braided polyester suture; group 3, Sequent using No. 0 ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture in a continuous “N” configuration; and group 4, Sequent using No. 0 UHMWPE suture in an interrupted configuration. After placement in a clamp, specimens underwent preconditioning from 5 to 20 N for 10 cycles (0.1 Hz), 500 submaximal loading cycles from 5 to 20 N (0.5 Hz), and load-to-failure testing at 12.5 mm/s. A ...
Robust measurement of individual localized changes to the aging hippocampus

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by a stereotypical spatial pattern of hippocampus (HP) atrophy over time, but reliable and precise measurement of localized longitudinal change to individual HP in AD have been elusive. We present a method for quantifying subject-specific spatial patterns of longitudinal HP change that aligns serial HP surface pairs together, cuts slices off the ends of the HP that were not shared in the two delineations being aligned, estimates weighted correspondences between baseline and follow-up HP, and finds a concise set of localized spatial change patterns that explains HP changes while down-weighting HP surface points whose estimated changes are biologically implausible. We tested our method on a synthetic HP change dataset as well as a set of 320 real elderly HP measured at 1-year intervals. Our results suggests that the proposed steps reduce the amount of implausible HP changes indicated among individual HP, increase the strength of association between HP change and cognitive function related to AD, and enhance the estimation of reliable spatially-localized HP change patterns.
Lipid multilayer microarrays for in vitro liposomal drug delivery and screening

Screening for effects of small molecules on cells grown in culture is a well-established method for drug discovery and testing, and faster throughput at lower cost is needed. Small-molecule arrays and microfluidics are promising approaches. Here we introduce a simple method of surface-mediated delivery of drugs to cells from a microarray of phospholipid multilayers (layers thicker than a bilayer) encapsulating small molecules. The multilayer patterns are of sub-cellular dimensions and controllable thickness and were formed by dip-pen nanolithography. The patterns successfully delivered a rhodamine-tagged lipid and drugs only to the cells directly over them, indicating successful encapsulation and no cross-contamination to cells grown next to the patterns. We also demonstrated multilayer thickness-dependant uptake of the lipids from spots with sub-cellular lateral dimensions, and therefore the possibility of delivering different dosages from different areas of the array. The efficacies of two drugs were assayed on the same surface, and we were able to deliver dosages comparable to those of solution based delivery (up to the equivalent of 30 μg/mL). We expect our method to be a promising first step toward producing a single high-throughput liposome-based screening microarray plate that can be used in the same way as a standard well plate.
The Applications of Cryogenic Engineering to Space Environment Simulation

Failures due to the unknown effects of space have added too much to the already extremely high cost in time and money of a successful missile or satellite launching. It is apparent that this cost and the adverse effect on our national prestige have made it necessary to pretest whole orbiting systems with the aim of minimizing failures. Cryogenic engineering in space simulation has two main applications, one the thermal environment of space and the other the molecular environments.
Interaction of Waves with Submerged Objects

The hydrodynamic problem of wave interaction with a submerged object is approached by means of diffraction theory. The analysis is applied to a submerged hemisphere resting on the bottom and numerical results are obtained for horizontal and vertical force coefficients and pressure distributions. These results are compared with results obtained from a simpler approach to show where the effects due to the proximity of the free surface and the relative size of the object become significant. Also, corresponding experimental results are presented for comparison with the theory.
Effect of viewing video tapes of a sport skill performed by self and others on self-assessment.

Abstract This study investigated the accuracy of self-assessment of a sport skill, the golf swing, by women students in beginning golf classes and the effectiveness of videotape replay in reducing any differences between actual and self-assessed skill. Ratings by judges were accepted as being representative of actual skill. Accuracy of self-assessment refers to the degree of agreement between self-assessed skill and actual skill. Two self-assessments, based on a scale utilizing four model performances, were secured from each of the 63 volunteer subjects. The first self-assessments were arrived at by having the subjects compare their swings, as they pictured them to be, to those of the models. Control subjects repeated this procedure for their second self-assessment. Experimental subjects arrived at their second self-assessments after viewing a replay of their own swings and the model performances. The major finding was that self-viewing did improve the accuracy of self-assessment.
Abstract 2583: Green tea polyphenols cause stabilization and increased transcriptional activity of p53 by increasing its acetylation through inhibition of class I histone deacetylases

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL p53, a major tumor suppressor and transcription factor protects the cells from both internal and external stress by modulating cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. p53 is mutated in more than 50% of human cancer and in most others, its pathway is defective. p53 undergoes a number of posttranslational modifications including acetylation of lysine (Lys) residues on its C-terminal. Acetylation of p53 at Lys373 and Lys382 has been reported to decrease its degradation and increased binding to DNA, leading to increased transcription of its downstream targets such as p21/waf1 and Bax. The process of acetylation is regulated by a group of opposing enzymes histone acetyltransferase (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Class I HDACs (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) are shown to be upregulated in a variety of human cancers including prostate cancer and their inhibition by HDAC inhibitors leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. In pursuit of safe and effective HDAC inhibitors, we earlier demonstrated that green tea polyphenols (GTP) and its major constituent, (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has ability to inhibit class I HDACs in human prostate cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that GTP and EGCG activates p53 through acetylation at the Lys373 and Lys382 residues by inhibiting class I HDACs in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Treatment of cells with GTP (2.5-10μg/ml) and EGCG (5-20μM) resulted in dose and time dependent inhibition of class I HDACs, albeit at varying levels. Discontinuation of treatment with GTP/EGCG resulted in the loss of p53 acetylation at both the sites in these cells. GTP/EGCG treatment also resulted in increased expression of p21/waf1 and Bax at the protein and message levels. The increased GTP/EGCG-mediated p53 acetylation enhanced its binding on the promoters of p21/waf1 and Bax, which was associated with the increase accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our findings indicate that GTP/EGCG causes acetylation of p53 by inhibiting class I HDACs which is likely to be part of the mechanism that control the physiological activity of p53. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2583. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2583
Hawaiian Forest Fungi. II. Species of Puccinia and Uredo on Euphorbia

SUMMARY Two species of Puccinia and one species of Uredo, whose telia are unknown, occur on Euphorbia in Hawaii. Puccinia vitata is described as new, P. levata is a new name and redescribed, and Uredo stevensii is redescribed.
Predicting the presence or absence of ringed sideroblasts in patients suspected of having a myelodysplastic syndrome and increased iron stores: a simple observation

Predicting the presence or absence of ringed sideroblasts in patients suspected of having a myelodysplastic syndrome and increased iron stores: a simple observation
Algebraic spiral solutions of the 2d incompressible Euler equations

We construct a class of self-similar 2d incompressible Euler solutions that have initial vorticity of mixed sign. The regions of positive and negative vorticity form algebraic spirals.
Sound, Speech, and Hearing

The basic physics of sound is first developed, including that of sound wave propagation in air and at interfaces, and of sound in resonant cavities, and these concepts are then applied to speaking and hearing. The structure and function of the relevant body components for speaking and hearing are presented, followed by a discussion of how the body produces sound and senses it. Other types of body sounds are then overviewed.
Physical Model Research on Slag Entrapment and Surface Disturbance in the Continuous Casting Mold

A physical model was established according to similarity principle.By employing kerosene oil,vacuum pump oil and liquid paraffin simulate continuous casting slag separately.By altering pulling rate and immersion depth of nozzle simulated surface disturbance and slag entrapment behavior,then determine the key position of slag entrapment.
Management: By Circulatory Assist Devices

The current status of mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock is presented in terms of patient and device selection. Advantages of the complications associated with this type of therapy is discussed.
Microwave transitions from pairs of Rb n d 5 /2 n d 5 /2 atoms

We have observed resonant microwave transitions between pairs of atoms. Specifically, we have observed the processes $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+1){d}_{j}(n\ensuremath{-}2){f}_{7/2}$ and $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}1){d}_{5/2}$ for $35\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}44$. These transitions are allowed due to the dipole-dipole-induced configuration interaction between the $n{d}_{5/2}n{d}_{5/2}$ state and the energetically nearby $(n+2){p}_{3/2}(n\ensuremath{-}2){f}_{7/2}$ state, which admixes some of the latter into the former. The resulting microwave transitions are analogous to two-photon transitions in which one of the photons has been replaced by the dipole-dipole interaction. We have developed a configuration interaction description of the transitions, which gives a good description of the interaction over the range $35\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}42$. Over this range of $n$ the detuning varies from 0.095 to 1.482 GHz, the microwave frequencies vary from 26.970 to 45.916 GHz, and the requisite microwave powers vary by a factor of over 1000.
New Technique for Visualizing Three-Dimensional Flow in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

The atmospheric transmission large-area analysis system (ATLAS) was developed to characterize smokes/obscurants during U. S. Army field tests. Digital image processing of data obtained from a thermal imager allows a two-dimensional map of transmission through the cloud (in a plane perpendicular to the observer’s line of sight) to be obtained. The ambient (natural) background scene in the imager’s field of view is the source against which the transmission measurements are made. The spatial resolution varies depending on the geometry of the test setup; however, X–Z resolution (Y is along the line of sight) of the order of 0. 5 m is easily obtained. The time resolution is 10 Hz. Conversion of these results to concentration is described and the results presented. The technique can be extended to three dimensions by using tomographic analysis.
Material-tissue interfacial phenomena: Challenges in mathematical modeling

Abstract The dentin–adhesive (d-a) interface is critical to the success of composite tooth restoration. The durability behavior of this narrow interface is affected by the complex biochemomechanical environment that the interface experiences. From the viewpoint of composition and structure, the interface is highly heterogeneous irrespective of the scale of observation. Moreover, the characteristics of this interface evolves with time as it is subjected to time- and rate-dependent loading. All these features offer challenges not only for the laboratory analytical techniques but also for mathematical modeling. This chapter elucidates some of these challenges and offers directions to how mathematical modeling can be applied to understand the d-a interface mechanical behavior.
A Literature Review of Psychosocial Comorbidities Related to Working Capacity After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe literature regarding the impact of psychosocial comorbidities on working capacity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). DESIGN/METHODS This study is a review of the literature using PubMed, CINAHL, PyschINFO, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Patients with aSAH affected by depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, or posttraumatic stress disorder are less likely to return to work, although there are mixed results. These may be due to inconsistent inclusion, adjustment of demographic and clinical variables shown to be associated with return to work, and differences in instrumentation and sample size. CONCLUSIONS Working capacity after aSAH is likely affected by poor psychosocial outcomes, but future research should consider the standardization of demographic and clinical data, use standardized measurement tools, and consider the interrelatedness between psychosocial comorbidities.
Baseline White Matter Hyperintensities and Hippocampal Volume are Associated With Conversion From Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Framingham Offspring Study.

Introduction We examined associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cerebrovascular disease and neurodegeneration with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis at baseline and conversion from normal cognition to MCI at follow-up. Methods Framingham Offspring participants underwent brain MRI and neuropsychological assessment at baseline (n=1049) and follow-up (n=561). Participants were classified at baseline and at follow-up as cognitively normal or MCI using sensitive neuropsychological criteria. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, covert brain infarcts, hippocampal volume, and total cerebral brain volume were quantified. Results Baseline measures of WMH and hippocampal volume were associated with MCI status cross-sectionally and also with conversion from normal cognition to MCI at 6.5-year follow-up. Annualized change rates in total cerebral brain volume and hippocampal volume were associated with conversion from normal cognition to MCI to follow-up. Discussion Baseline WMH and hippocampal volume are markers that are both associated with conversion from normal cognition to MCI, highlighting the role of both vascular lesions and neurodegeneration in MCI.
Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin with MDM2 immunoreactivity: A potential diagnostic pitfall

Pleomorphic fibroma is a rare benign cutaneous neoplasm characterized by spindle-shaped cells and multinucleated giant cells scattered throughout collagenous stroma. These morphologic features can lead to diagnostic confusion, including atypical lipomatous tumor as one consideration. In contrast to atypical lipomatous tumor, previous studies have found pleomorphic fibroma to be negative for MDM2 immunohistochemical staining and MDM2 gene amplification. Here, we present a case of pleomorphic fibroma of skin with nuclear MDM2 immunoreactivity in the absence of MDM2 gene amplification, underscoring the superiority of fluorescence in situ hybridization as a diagnostic test in this differential diagnosis. The RB1 locus is also explored for differential diagnosis with pleomorphic/spindle cell lipoma and related entities.
ssRNA/DNA-Sensors via Embedded Strand-Displacement Programs in CRISPR/Cas9 Guides

RNA and DNA profiles can help classify a variety of biological states, including disease, metabolism and cell type. In a proof-of-concept study on novel genetically encodable components for detecting single-stranded oligonucleotides, we engineered switchable CRISPR guide RNA (swigRNA) with Cas9 affinity that is conditional on sensing an oligo trigger molecule (trigRNA or trigDNA). RNA- and DNA-sensing swigRNAs that serve as off-to-on and on-to-off switches for Cas9 cleavage were achieved by computational design of hybridization dependencies in the guide. This study highlights functional swigRNA structures that implement toehold-gated strand-displacement with their triggers, and should merit further engineering and kinetic characterization.