cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to S1 recurrent selection and estimation of genetic parameters in effective population sizes of the BS11 maize population

Recurrent selection progress is influenced by population size, selection intensity, favorable alleles, and their frequencies. It is necessary to establish optimum number of progenies in maize for population synthesis in recurrent selection programs. Often this has been constrained by limited resources. We studied effective population sizes in maize to estimate response to selection and effect of inbreeding depression, and examine changes in the correlated traits. Four effective population sizes designated 5-Si, 10-Si, 20-Si, and 30-Si programs were developed from the BS11 maize using S rprogeny selection with a common 20% selection intensity. After five cycles of selection the populations per se, populations per se selfed, populations top-crossed to B97 and B73, diallel crosses among CO, C3, and C5 of the populations, Cl x CO crosses and five checks were tested. There was significant and positive response for grain yield in 30-Si, 20-Si. and 10-Si. The highest direct response was 0.21 Mg ha"1 in 30-Si, which was double that in 20-Si and 10-S|. Significant unfavorable yield response was obtained from 5-Si due to genetic drift and inbreeding. All agronomic 1 Dept. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011. 2 Part of dissertation submitted by the author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. 3 USDA-ARS, Dept. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, LA, 50011. 4 Corresponding author (krlamkev@iastate.edu).
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Comorbid Psychopathology and Treatment

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), labeled as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), are characterized by a distinct pattern of social and communication deficits with rigid ritualistic interests. While autism (Kanner, 1943) is the main category, other conditions include Asperger syndrome (Asperger, 1944) and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Rett disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder, although classified in the same category, are often not referred to as ASDs. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, the DSM-V is likely to collapse autism, Asperger syndrome, and PDDNOS into a single category called ASD.
Design and implementation of a simulation library using lightweight processes

The \Si/ lightweight-process based system for simulating process interactions is an enhancement to the C programming language in the form of library primitives with sets of predefined data structures. The \Si/ system encapsulates an existing lightweight-process library to provide a discrete-event simulation environment supporting the process view. It was developed as a research testbed for investigating methods which support simulations efficiently. Easy extensions and modifications to the \Si/ system are a major design objective, accomplished through modularity and layering. This paper describes the system, our experiences with its implementation, and its applicability to simulation modeling. We report on performance measurements of different implementations of the simulation scheduler, and of different algorithms for simulating service disciplines.
Strategies to enhance productivity and modify product quality in therapeutic proteins

The production of commercially valuable biotherapeutic molecules in mammalian systems has expanded significantly in the last thirty years, but growing economic pressures within the industry are driving efforts to reduce costs and enhance process yields. At the upstream stage, two complementary approaches have evolved to increase productivity and maintain consistent product quality, that is either by altering the cell directly or by manipulating its environment. This review focuses on novel approaches to impact productivity and product quality by manipulating the environment through: (a) altering media composition; (b) modulating operating conditions such as pH and temperature; or (c) intensifying process operations by switching from fed-batch to continuous processes.
New insights about the lymphatic vasculature in cardiovascular diseases

The heart contains a complex network of blood and lymphatic vessels. The coronary blood vessels provide the cardiac tissue with oxygen and nutrients and have been the major focus of research for the past few decades. Cardiac lymphatic vessels, which consist of lymphatic capillaries and collecting lymphatic vessels covering all layers of the heart, transport excess fluid from the interstitium and play important roles in maintaining tissue fluid balance. Unlike for the coronary blood vessels, until a few years ago, not much information was available on the origin and function of the cardiac-associated lymphatic vasculature. A growing body of evidence indicates that cardiac lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) may serve as a therapeutic cardiovascular target.
Generalized Multivariate Linear Models and Longitudinal Data

This chapter further develops the growth curve models introduced in Chap. 10. This broader class of models is shown to be intimately related to split plot models. We also illustrate how the models can be modified to deal with missing data which is a common problem in longitudinal studies. The models are also related to functional data analysis.
Teaching American Government Content to Students with Developmental Disabilities Using Technology and Constant Time Delay

Instructional technology plays a role in supporting access to and meaningful participation in general education curriculum for students with developmental disabilities in inclusive classrooms. In this study, two 18-year-old students with developmental disabilities received technology-supported instruction to assist with learning the content in their co-taught American government class. Two interventionists (i.e., a special education teacher and a researcher) implemented video modeling and used constant time delay procedures to teach the pictorial sequencing of three social studies topics on an iPad®. As a secondary measure, students verbally explained the picture sequences. Researchers used a multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants. Visual analysis indicated a functional relation between the use of the intervention and the number of correctly sequenced pictures. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed.
ISCU interacts with NFU1, and ISCU[4Fe-4S] transfers its Fe-S cluster to NFU1 leading to the production of holo-NFU1

Abstract NFU1 is a late-acting factor in the biogenesis of human mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins. Mutations in NFU1 are associated with genetic diseases such as multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 (MMDS1) that involve defects in mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins. We present results from NMR spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, size exclusion chromatography, and isothermal titration calorimetry showing that the structured conformer of human ISCU binds human NFU1. The dissociation constant determined by ITC is Kd = 1.1 ± 0.2 μM. NMR and SAXS studies led to a structural model for the complex in which the cluster binding region of ISCU interacts with two α-helices in the C-terminal domain of NFU1. In vitro experiments demonstrate that ISCU[4Fe-4S] transfers its Fe-S cluster to apo-NFU1, in the absence of a chaperone, leading to the assembly of holo-NFU1. By contrast, the cluster of ISCU[2Fe-2S] remains bound to ISCU in the presence of apo-NFU1.
Obesity-related asthma in children: A role for vitamin D.

Excess adipose tissue predisposes to an enhanced inflammatory state and can contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and low-serum levels are seen in children with asthma and in children with obesity. Here we review the intersection of asthma, obesity, and hypovitaminosis D in children. Supplementation with vitamin D has been proposed as a simple, safe, and inexpensive adjunctive therapy in a number of disease states. However, little research has examined the pharmacokinetics of vitamin D and its therapeutic potential in children who suffer from obesity-related asthma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Photoactive Gold Organometallics Bearing Substituted 2,7-Fluorenyl Moieties

Synthesis and optical characterization of organogold complexes bearing substituted fluorenyl moieties are described. Certain complexes are white-light emitters. Ancillary ligands modulate rate constants of radiative and nonradiative decay, and of intersystem crossing. Density-functional theory calculations indicate emission from excited states centered on the carbanionic ligands.
Establishing Launch Readiness of NASA ISS Instrument OCO-3

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory — 3 (OCO-3) is a NASA Earth-monitoring instrument, designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to perform space-based observation of variations of global carbon dioxide (CO2) by sampling its emission sources and gradients from the unique vantage point of the International Space Station (ISS). This paper describes the development and results of the end-to-end verification, validation, and calibration activities that were performed to meet OCO-3's science, functional, and performance requirements prior to launch. The pre-launch activities encompassed a suite of tests and analyses that were performed after instrument assembly and prior to launch vehicle integration to demonstrate launch and mission readiness in terms of ISS compatibility, ground-based instrument calibrations, flight dynamics, environmental integrity, and pointing knowledge and accuracy.
Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is an Innate Immune Effector in Experimental Periodontitis.

Upregulated in inflammation, calprotectin (complexed S100A8 and S100A9; S100A8/A9) functions as an innate immune effector molecule, promoting inflammation, and also as an antimicrobial protein. We hypothesized that antimicrobial S100A8/A9 would mitigate change to the local microbial community and promote resistance to experimental periodontitis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT; S100A9+/+) C57BL/6 mice were compared using a model of ligature-induced periodontitis. On day 2, WT mice showed fewer infiltrating innate immune cells than S100A9-/- mice; by day 5, the immune cell numbers were similar. At 5 days post ligature placement, oral microbial communities sampled with swabs differed significantly in beta diversity between the mouse genotypes. Ligatures recovered from molar teeth of S100A9-/- and WT mice contained significantly dissimilar microbial genera from each other and the overall oral communities from swabs. Concomitantly, the S100A9-/- mice had significantly greater alveolar bone loss than WT mice around molar teeth in ligated sites. When the oral microflora was ablated by antibiotic pretreatment, differences disappeared between WT and S100A9-/- mice in their immune cell infiltrates and alveolar bone loss. Calprotectin, therefore, suppresses emergence of a dysbiotic, proinflammatory oral microbial community, which reduces innate immune effector activity, including early recruitment of innate immune cells, mitigating subsequent alveolar bone loss and protecting against experimental periodontitis.
Sound Scattering from Microbubble Distributions Near the Sea Surface

Backscatter from the sea surface is thought to be governed by the roughness of the surface and subsurface bubble distributions. At low frequencies, due to the paucity of large bubbles, scattering results primarily from coherent and/or collective scatter from bubbles entrained by the subsurface vorticity or carried to depth by the Langmuir circulation and thermal convection. It is shown that scattering from compact regions is a function of the volume fraction of air and to first order can be described by a Minnaert formula modified with the volume fraction. Measurement of sound scattering from a submerged cloud of bubbles produces low-frequency peaks with large low-frequency target strength consistent with this theory.
Labeling the Nervous System with a Ballistic Approach

I describe here a detailed procedure for rapid labeling of a large number of cells in the nervous system. By delivering lipophilic dye coated particles to neuronal preparations with a “gene gun”, individual neurons whose membranes are contacted by the particles are quickly labeled. Using particles that are each coated with different combinations of various lipophilic dyes, many cells within a complex neuronal network can be simultaneously labeled with a wide variety of colors. This ballistic technique is useful for studying structural and functional plasticity of complicated neuronal circuits.
Hardware-software partitioning of soft multi-core cyber-physical systems

Single microcontroller embedded systems cannot easily satisfy the computational requirements of systems observing physical phenomena via multiple channels at high sampling rates. Flash FPGAs can provide the necessary trade-off between adaptivity and computational power, however, fewer developers are familiar with them. Thus, we propose a soft multi-core architecture in the fabric forming a loosely coupled network with a queue-based messaging framework for inter-core communication. This platform provides parallel improvements (as per Amdahl's Law) and a familiar Harvard abstraction. The nesC language was chosen for programming, as it enables modularity and assignment of independent tasks to cores. The single core development environment was augmented to help with the transition to the new architecture. A cycle accurate system simulator, called Avrora, was enhanced to fully support multi-core platforms and whole sensor networks. The architecture provides better power consumption and response time properties for time critical applications by effectively pipelining tasks.
The profitability of winning

Sports and war metaphors abound in business today. For example, one management book, Thunder in the Sky, by Thomas Cleary, opens with a Chinese saying that translates: "The marketplace is a battlefield. The Asian people view success in the business world as tantamount to victory in battle." The book advises American executives to do the same. However, such metaphors are misleading. The objective in both sports and war is to beat the competitor. Business, on the other hand, aims to create wealth. Ignoring this reality, many people believe the metaphors and choose competitor-oriented strategies that pursue market share rather than profits, according to research at Wharton, Weatherhead, and other institutions. In one study, one-third of 105 managers said their firms had competitor-oriented objectives. Another revealed that managers opted to sacrifice profits to beat the competition on price. A third showed that firms stating pricing goals in competitive terms had lower returns-on-investment over a 45-year span. Our conclusion: Firms should focus on profits, not competition. Our premise is neither mysterious nor modern. It originates in classical micro-economics. Competitive objectives are especially harmful, because they likely will provoke unfavorable reactions from business rivals, which may, in turn, lead to price wars.
Conduction of early afterdepolarizations in sheep Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. An in vitro arrhythmia model.

Abstract To establish an arrhythmia generator model, a double-chambered bath was used in which sheep Purkinje fibers (PF) and ventricular muscle (VM) were placed. The conduction patterns of early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activations (TAs) were examined between normal segments bathed in unmodified Tyrode solution and abnormal segments bathed in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (3.3–5.0 mmol). Three types of preparations were used: PF-PF (n = 10), VM-VM (n = 5), and PF-VM (n = 13). Two types of spontaneous TAs appeared. One type was conducted to normal segments, inducing activations over the entire preparation, while the other type was not conducted. The conducting TAs had significantly more rapid mean dV dt , larger amplitude, and higher peak transmembrane voltage as compared to nonconducting TAs. While conduction occurred in all PF-PF, VM-VM, and PF-VM preparations, conduction of TAs from abnormal segment VM to normal segment PF was impaired. A low plateau resulting from electrotonic transmission of depolarizing current from abnormal segments was recorded in normal segments near the border. This low plateau probably facilitated the transmission of TAs. In addition to spontaneous TAs, stimulated or spontaneous action potentials from NL were conducted to the not yet fully repolarized ABN and induced activations resembling TAs. These results may be relevant to clinical arrhythmias due to action potential prolongation. The arrhythmia may occur directly as a result of triggered activity or indirectly via slow conducting TAs, creating the possibility for reentry. This type of model may be useful for intervention studies, for example, by identifying agents that block abnormal segment to normal segment conduction.
Distribution, Movements and Habitats of Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus on the Upper Snake River Plain of Idaho: Changes from the 1950s to the 1990s

The sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus population level on the Upper Snake River Plain of Idaho has declined significantly over the past 40 years. We investigated migration patterns and seasonal ranges of these birds to compare to patterns from the 1950s and 1960s. Furthermore, we examined landscape changes that occurred between 1975 and 1992. Migration patterns have not changed since the 1950s. The grouse currently migrate up to 125 km and use an annual population range of at least 2,764 km^2. The major landscape change since 1975 that occurred in sage grouse habitat was a decline in the total amount of winter range. Between 1975 and 1992, 29,762 ha of sagebrush Artemisia spp. rangeland were converted to cropland, a 74% increase in cropland. Regression analysis suggested a relationship between sagebrush habitat loss and grouse population decline (R^2 0.59, P=0.002). Approximately 1,244 km^2 of privately-owned sagebrush on the study area could potentially be converted to cropland, which we predict would have serious negative implications for the sage grouse population.
FM pulses in stratified isotropic plasma

A study of signals excited by FM pulses in an infinite inhomogeneous cold isotropic plasma is presented. The medium is assumed to vary arbitrarily with position, though sufficiently slowly with respect to all wavelengths contained in the source spectrum. For simplicity only one spatial dimension is considered, but the development may be extended to include more space variables. After deducing integral representations that are evaluated asymptotically, the theory is applied to a particular plasma inhomogeneity characterized by an exponential variation of plasma frequency. Space-time rays associated with an impulsive source are shown to justify the use of time-inversion in establishing the required phase of an FM pulse capable of producing an optimally compressed signal at a particular space-time point. Since ordinary asymptotic methods fail in the neighborhood of such a focal point, a theory that in a prior study described signals in the focal region of a homogeneous plasma is applied to signals in a plasma with exponentially varying plasma frequency. Computed results based on this theory display the character of optimally compressed signals in focal regions.
Is climate change mitigation the best use of desert shrublands

In a world where the metrics of the carbon economy have become a major issue, it may come as a surprise that intact cold desert shrublands can sequester significant amounts of carbon, both as biomass and in the form of SOC (soil organic carbon). Xerophytic shrubs invest heavily in belowground biomass, placing fixed carbon in an environment where it turns over only very slowly. In order for humans to gain this important ecosystem service, desert shrublands must be kept intact and prevented from frequent burning. The biggest threat to shrubland integrity is the invasion of exotic annual grasses that increase fire frequency to the point that most shrubs can no longer persist. Not only do annual grasslands sequester very little carbon, they also increase the turnover rate of existing SOC. From the point of view of carbon sequestration, restoring the many millions of hectares of annual grass dysclimax in the Interior West to functioning shrubland ecosystems should have high priority. The elimination of perennial understory vegetation and cryptobiotic crusts is a nearly inevitable consequence of livestock grazing in deserts. This opens these systems to annual grass invasion, subsequent burning, and loss of a major carbon sink, a heavy price to pay for the minimal economic gains derived from direct use of these intrinsically unproductive lands for livestock production. On a more immediate scale, the conversion of stable desert shrublands to annual grasslands that burn frequently has also created major issues with windblown dust. Good evidence exists to show that deposition of this dust on mountain snowpack can have the effect of reducing water yield by causing premature melting. Water is clearly the most limiting resource for agriculture in our region, and protecting mountain watersheds from dust deposition should become another important priority. As climate disruption in all its forms becomes a major threat to production agriculture, it is imperative that serious steps be taken to minimize this threat, including restoration of degraded shrubland ecosystems, and prevention of degradation of shrublands that are still intact. Here the argument is made that the best use of cold desert shrublands is mitigation of both short term and long term climate disruption.
Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (A)

Despite a tradition of high household savings, Japan has supported a dynamic and technically sophisticated consumer lending sector. The high profitability of the sector has periodically attracted interest from domestic banks as well as international investors. Most recently, in 1998 and 2000 respectively, GE Capital and Citi Financial both acquired Japanese consumer lending companies. In 2006, when the Japanese Supreme Court rules that one of the big Japanese consumer lenders must repay a borrower for "excess interest payments," the US firms must decide how to respond.
Italy: The Triumph of Personalist Parties

The fall of the Berlin Wall, a major anticorruption investigation in 1992, and the electoral referendum of April 1993 provoked the collapse of the Italian party system and led to the disappearance of the parties that had governed Italy since December 1946. Acting as a political entrepreneur, the media magnate Silvio Berlusconi founded, shaped, and led his own personalist party. Providing social, economic, and political representation to a wide variety of sectors of the middle class, small entrepreneurs, shopkeepers, and artisans, Berlusconi has dominated Italian politics for almost 20 years. One way or another, all Italian parties have followed suit, becoming personalist and personalized. A product of the merger between the former Communists and left-wing Christian Democrats, the moderately progressive Democratic Party (PD) had resisted the trend until recently. With Matteo Renzi's unstoppable ascent to the offices of party secretary and prime minister, even the PD became personalistic. La caida del muro de Berlin, una investigacion anticorrupcion de alto perfil en 1992, y el referendo electoral en abril de 1993 provocaron el colapso del sistema italiano de partidos politicos y llevo a la desaparicion de los partidos que gobernaron Italia desde diciembre de 1946. Actuando como un emprendedor politico, el magnate de los medios Silvio Berlusconi fundo, dio forma, y dirigio su propio partido personalista. Al proveer representacion social, economica y politica a una gran variedad de sectores de la clase media, pequenos empresarios, tenderos, y artesanos entre otros, Berlusconi ha dominado la politica italiana por casi veinte anos. De una manera u otra, los partidos italianos han seguido esta pauta al convertirse en personalistas y personalizados. El moderadamente progresista Partido Democratico (PD), producto de la union de los antiguos comunistas y cristianos democraticos de la izquierda, resistio esta tendencia hasta hace poco. Gracias al ascenso de Matteo Renzi como secretario del partido y posteriormente como Primer Ministro, incluso el PD se ha convertido en personalista.
Evaluation of U.S. Public Health Service programs. Organization and management.

This article provides an overview of evaluation in the Public Health Service (PHS) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The kinds of evaluation activities are outlined with illustrations of recently completed studies. The overview includes information on resources, policies, and management of evaluations conducted by the various PHS agencies and programs. In particular, the department's new efforts to better disseminate evaluation results through the Internet are described. The article concludes with a discussion of future prospects of how PHS evaluations will play a role in implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA).
Inhibition of in vivo proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancers by an antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Tumour-inhibitory effects of a new antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), MZ-4-71, were evaluated in nude mice bearing androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 and in Copenhagen rats implanted with Dunning R-3327 AT-1 prostatic adenocarcinoma. After 6 weeks of therapy, the tumour volume in nude mice with DU-145 prostate cancers treated with 40 microg day(-1) MZ-4-71 was significantly decreased to 37 +/- 13 mm3 (P < 0.01) compared with controls that measured 194 +/- 35 mm3. A similar inhibition of tumour growth was obtained in nude mice bearing PC-3 cancers, in which the treatment with MZ-4-71 for 4 weeks diminished the tumour volume to 119 +/- 35 mm3 compared with 397 +/- 115 mm3 for control animals. Therapy with MZ-4-71 also significantly decreased weights of PC-3 and DU-145 tumours and increased tumour doubling time. Serum levels of GH and IGF-I were significantly decreased in animals treated with GH-RH antagonist. In PC-3 tumour tissue, the levels of IGF-I and IGF-II were reduced to non-detectable values after therapy with MZ-4-71. The growth of Dunning R-3327 AT-1 tumours in rats was also significantly inhibited after 3 weeks of treatment with 100 microg of MZ-4-71 day(-1) i.p. as shown by a reduction in tumour volume and weight (both P-values < 0.05). Specific high-affinity binding sites for IGF-I were found on the membranes of DU-145, PC-3 and Dunning R-3327 AT-1 tumours. Our results indicate that GH-RH antagonist MZ-4-71 suppresses growth of PC-3, DU-145 and Dunning AT-1 androgen-independent prostate cancers, through diminution of GH release and the resulting decrease in the secretion of hepatic IGF-I, or through mechanisms involving a lowering of tumour IGF-I levels and possibly an inhibition of tumour IGF-I and IGF-II production. GH-RH antagonists could be considered for further development for the therapy of prostate cancer, especially after the relapse.
Effects of wall material, wall temperature, and surface roughness on the plasma sheath

The effect of wall material, wall temperature, and surface roughness on the near-wall plasma sheath region that exists in confined plasma devices is experimentally investigated in a multidipole-type plasma device. Smooth and rough wall material samples are immersed in a quiescent argon plasma and heated using an enclosed radiative sample heater. This will all be new data, which the authors have not yet presented or published. It is hypothesized that elevated wall material temperature may increase secondary electron emission (SEE) from the wall material due to the increased initial energy of wall electrons. SEE has been observed in previous work to decrease the magnitude of the sheath potential drop and to effect a transition to an inverse sheath potential profile.
Amelogenin interacts with cytokeratin-5 in ameloblasts during enamel growth.

The enamel protein amelogenin binds to GlcNAc (Ravindranath, R. M. H., Moradian-Oldak, R., and Fincham, A.G. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 2464–2471) and to the GlcNAc-mimicking peptide (GMp) (Ravindranath, R. M. H., Tam, W., Nguyen, P., and Fincham, A. G. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39654–39661). The GMp motif in the N-terminal region of the cytokeratin 14 of ameloblasts binds to trityrosyl motif peptide (ATMP) of amelogenin (Ravindranath, R. M. H., Tam, W., Bringas, P., Santos, V., and Fincham, A. G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36586 – 36597). K14 (Type I) pairs with K5 (Type II) in basal epithelial cells; GlcNAc-acylated K5 is identified in ameloblasts. Dosimetric analysis showed the binding affinity of amelogenin to K5 and to GlcNAc-acylated-positive control, ovalbumin. The specific binding of [3H]ATMP with K5 or ovalbumin was confirmed by Scatchard analysis. [3H]ATMP failed to bind to K5 after removal of GlcNAc. Blocking K5 with ATMP abrogates the K5-amelogenin interaction. K5 failed to bind to ATMP when the third proline was substituted with threonine, as in some cases of human X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta or when tyrosyl residues were substituted with phenylalanine. Confocal laser scan microscopic observations on ameloblasts during postnatal (PN) growth of the teeth showed that the K5-amelogenin complex migrated from the cytoplasm to the periphery (on PN day 1) and accumulated at the apical region on day 3. Secretion of amelogenin commences from day 1. K5, similar to K14, may play a role of chaperone during secretion of amelogenin. Upon secretion of amelogenin, K5 pairs with K14. Pairing of K5 and K14 commences on day 3 and ends on day 9. The pairing of K5 and K14 marks the end of secretion of amelogenin.
Comparison of genetic alterations in colonic adenoma and ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia and carcinoma

Carcinoma is an important complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) and develops from dysplastic precursor lesions. Genetic changes involved in the malignant transformation have not been fully characterized. We studied 19 cases of UC with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and eight samples of associated carcinoma (CA). Microdissection of normal epithelium, epithelium at the site of chronic inflammation, HGD, and CA was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the following polymorphic microsatellites of putative tumor suppressor gene loci was done: APC (5q), DCC (18q), p16 (9p), p53 (17p), and 8p12. To compare genetic alterations, 22 typical adenomas of the colon were studied with the markers for APC and pl6 gene loci. The results indicated that LOH of p16 and p53 were present in nondysplastic epithelium, HGD, and CA. However, the LOH in nondysplastic epithelium was detected in some associated HGD, but not all. Whereas LOH of p16 was present in 7 of 14 cases of HGD (50%), it was noted in only 1 of 22 adenomas (5.0%). LOH in the APC and DCC gene loci in UC was noted in HGD with associated CA, but LOH of APC was not present either in cases of nondysplastic epithelium or in HGD alone. Conversely, LOH in APC was present in 4 of 19 colonic adenomas. We conclude that LOH of p53 and p16 in nondysplastic epithelium may be associated with chronic reparative processes. These changes may lead to susceptibility to further genetic damage involving the APC and DCC gene loci in the development of dysplasia and progression of CA in UC. The low frequency of LOH in the p16 gene (9p) in adenomas compared with dysplasia in UC combined with infrequent LOH in APC gene loci in cases of pure dysplasia in UC may support this combination of markers as a clinical test for the differentiation of polypoid dysplasia from adenomas in UC.
Performance analysis of a message-oriented knowledge-base

A message-driven model for function-free Horn logic is presented, where the knowledge base is represented as a network of logical processing elements communicating with one another exclusively through messages. The lack of centralized control and centralized memory makes this model suitable for implementation on highly parallel asynchronous computer architecture. The performance of this message-driven system is analyzed and compared to that of a sequential resolution scheme using backtracking. Closed-form expressions for both approaches are derived. >
Ion-exchanged ETS-10 catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide

Abstract Alkali- and alkaline-earth-exchanged ETS-10 molecular sieve catalysts were investigated for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide to produce propylene carbonate. Adsorption microcalorimetry of adsorbed carbon dioxide was used to correlate reactivity to the strength and number of CO 2 adsorption sites. While carbon dioxide uptake for the ETS-10 and K-ETS-10 catalysts was the greatest for the catalysts investigated, these two catalysts were not as productive as Cs-ETS-10. The adducts formed between carbon dioxide and the charge-compensating cations appear to be prevalent in these materials and do not provide an appropriate CO 2 adsorption site for the reaction to occur. Yield of propylene carbonate was found to have an inverse relationship with the Sanderson electronegativity associated with the charge-compensating cation, indicating that surface basicity associated with the partial charge of the framework oxygen plays an important role in the catalyst effectiveness for the reaction. The alkali-exchanged samples were significantly more active than the alkaline-earth-exchanged catalysts on a per gram basis due to their higher strength CO 2 adsorption sites as indicated by adsorption microcalorimetry. The Cs-exchanged ETS-10 molecular sieve gave conversions similar to those observed for basic NaX zeolites containing occluded alkali oxide species.
Ten Rules for Discussing Behavior Analysis.

Mischaracterizations of behavior analysis are someone’s behavior, and they should be approached in exactly the same way that behavior analysts approach behavior that is deemed curious, troubling, or self-injurious.
Neuropeptide-processing carboxypeptidases

Neuropeptides are generally produced from precursor proteins by selective cleavage at specific sites, usually involving basic amino acids. Enzymes such as the prohormone convertases and carboxypeptidase E are highly specific for these basic amino acid-containing sites. In addition to this "traditional" pathway, several neuropeptides are known to be cleaved at non-basic sites, and the enzymes responsible for these cleavages have not been conclusively identified. In a recent search for novel members of the metallocarboxypeptidase family, we found three human genes. One of these, named "CPA-5," has a specificity for C-terminal hydrophobic amino acids and mRNA expression in brain, pituitary, and testis. To test whether CPA-5 protein has a distribution pattern in pituitary that is consistent with a role for this enzyme in the non-basic processing of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides such as beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin, we examined the distribution of CPA-5 using immunocytochemistry. In the pituitary, CPA-5 is detected in the neurointermediate lobe and in scattered cells in the anterior lobe. In the AtT-20 corticotroph cell line, CPA-5 has a perinuclear distribution. Taken together, these results are consistent with a role for CPA-5 in the intracellular processing of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides at non-basic sites.
Maintenance of Escherichia coli and the Assimilation of Glucose

IT has been shown1,2 that bacteria require a threshold level of an energy source for maintenance without growth. However, there is a possibility that the thresholds observed might represent some form of concentration requirement for permeability. Thus it is desirable to demonstrate directly the uptake of glucose fed at or below the threshold level. Any glucose assimilated in the absence of growth can then be correlated only with a maintenance requirement for a carbon-energy source.
Nozzle performance measurement on underwing nacelles on an F-106 utilizing calibrated engines and load cells

Measurement of turbojet engine exhaust nozzle performance as affected by installation parameters using load cells and calibrated engines on F-106 aircraft
Dissection and Downstream Analysis of Zebra Finch Embryos at Early Stages of Development

The zebra finch (Taeniopygiaguttata) has become an increasingly important model organism in many areas of research including toxicology1,2, behavior3, and memory and learning4,5,6. As the only songbird with a sequenced genome, the zebra finch has great potential for use in developmental studies; however, the early stages of zebra finch development have not been well studied. Lack of research in zebra finch development can be attributed to the difficulty of dissecting the small egg and embryo. The following dissection method minimizes embryonic tissue damage, which allows for investigation of morphology and gene expression at all stages of embryonic development. This permits both bright field and fluorescence quality imaging of embryos, use in molecular procedures such as in situ hybridization (ISH), cell proliferation assays, and RNA extraction for quantitative assays such as quantitative real-time PCR (qtRT-PCR). This technique allows investigators to study early stages of development that were previously difficult to access.
Life and death by boundary conditions

Picano et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 764, 2015, pp. 463–487) have conducted fully resolved numerical simulations of many thousands of spherical particles in a turbulent channel flow with $\mathit{Re}=5600$. Their results give a tantalizing demonstration of the vastness of the vistas that this line of research is about to open.
High coercive force films of cobalt-nickel with additions of group VA and VIB elements

This paper describes some of the structure-property relations for Co and CoNi films containing Group VIB additions, i.e., chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten and Group VA additions, i.e., phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. All films were prepared by electrodeposition. The magnetic properties and metallurgical structure of the films with tungsten cover the same range of parameters as produced with the phosphorus films. The quantity of the elements required to achieve the maximum in coercive force increases substantially in the sequence P, As, Sb, and Bi; and in the sequence W, Mo, and Cr. The saturation moment and coercive force both decrease with increase of the concentration of added element required to attain the maximum coercive force. The quantity of the elements required is believed to be related to the ability of the electrolyte to produce a refinement of the grain size of the deposit, and the ability of the element added to segregate to the grain boundaries. The saturation moments of Co with W and P agree with the results expected for solid solutions except at high concentrations. The structure sensitive magnetic properties obtained with CoNiW films are qualitatively interpreted in the same way as for the CoNiP films, i.e., on the basis of a strongly interacting array of fine particles. The alloys containing Cr, Mo, or W possess improved resistance to aging at elevated temperatures and in corrosive environments.
Sounding the warning on the potential for oesophageal injury resulting from use of the nMARQ™ for ablation of atrial fibrillation

This editorial refers to ‘Modified energy settings are mandatory to minimize oesophageal injury using the novel multipolar irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation’ by A. Rillig et al. , doi:10.1093/europace/euu269. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is now a commonly performed procedure throughout the world.1 Despite the widespread adoption of this procedure, it is well recognized that important limitations exist. These limitations include (i) less that optimal efficacy, especially when long-term success is considered; (ii) long procedure times and the requirement for considerable skill to perform the procedure safely and effectively; and (iii) a significant risk of complications, some of which may be life threatening. One of the most feared and lethal complications of AF ablation is the development of an atrial oesophageal fistula. Although extremely uncommon (<0.1%), the devastating outcomes of this complication have resulted in great respect for this complication by all who perform AF ablation procedures.2 The nMARQ™ (Biosense Webster), a mutielectrode irrigated circular ablation catheter, has recently been developed with the aim of making AF ablation quicker, easier, safer, and as effective, or more effective than ablation strategies using a standard point-by-point approach or cryoballoon ablation. In this issue of EP-Europace , Rillig et al. 3 report the incidence of oesophageal …
STUDIES OF ORGANOMETALLIC SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS ON AG AND AU USING SURFACE PLASMON SPECTROSCOPY

We report the synthesis of a novel rhenium complex, {fac-Re(2,2‘-bipyridine)(CO)3(NC5H4)CH2NHCO(CH2)2S−}2 and its self-assembly behavior on Ag and Au, including characterization of the monolayer using surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPS). Further surface characterization, which proved to be quite complementary to SPS, was accomplished with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), FTIR, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. SERS and FTIR data have also been used to verify the self-assembly of the free ligand and rhenium complexes on Ag to form monolayers (SAMs). Vibrational analysis also provided evidence that the attachment of the free ligand and complexes to the metal substrate occurs by reaction of the disulfide bond and not through the pyridine or bipyridine. The tilt angle of the complex with respect to the surface normal of the metal was also calculated using a projection analysis that incorporated the SPS determined thickness and a molecular mechanics (MM) minimized molecular length. Indepe...
The weak closure of the equimeasurable rearrangements of a measurable function

Abstract If ( X , Λ , μ ) is a finite measure space and f is in L 1 ( X , μ ), then the σ ( L 1 , L ∞ )-closure of the set Δ ( f ) of all measurable functions equimeasurable with f is shown to be the set to which g belongs if and only if there is a function equimeasurable with f which majorizes g (in the sense of the Hardy-Littlewood-Polya preorder relation) on the non-atomic part of X and which equals g on the union of the atoms of X . If ϱ is a saturated Fatou Banach function norm and L ϱ ( X , μ ) is universally rearrangement invariant such that L ∞ ⊂ L ϱ ⊂ L ϱ , then for all f in L ϱ the σ ( L ϱ , L ϱ' )-closure of Δ ( f ) is shown to be the same as the σ ( L 1 , L ∞ )-closure of Δ ( f ).
CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF POLYUNSATURATED MEAT

The possibility that the high blood cholesterol accompanying protected lipid feeding would cause deposition of cholesterol in body tissues and counteract advantages due to higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content was studied by comparing tissue cholesterol from cows, calves and steers fed polyunsaturated fats with those on conventional diets. Chuck, round, heart, liver, fat, plasma and milk were compared from cows fed either protected safflower oil-casein-formaldehyde (SOC-F), unprotected safflower oil-casein (SOC) or a conventional (control) hay-grain ration for 2–1/2 yr. Mean cholesterol, as mg %, for SOC-F, SOC and control cows were: chuck, 41, 52, 52; round, 46, 50, 50; heart, 96, 119, 103; liver 256, 231, 222; plasma, 336, 287, 200; milk, 12, 12, 12. Calves were fed milk high in 18:2 for 10 wk, followed by SOC-F for 8 wk, while a second group was fed normal milk, followed by SOC. Cholesterol for SOC-F and SOC calves were: chuck, 80, 68; plasma, 208, 166. Other calves were fed high 18:2 milk (SOC-F) or normal milk (control). Cholesterol for SOC-F and control were: chuck, 84, 68 (p < 0.025); round 72, 63; plasma, 197, 208. Ground beef of steers fed SOC-F or SOC for 6 wk had cholesterol levels of 67.1 and 65.0 mg/100 g and C18:2 levels of 14% and 2%. Our data show that the cholesterol content of these polyunsaturated meats was not greater than in conventional products.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Properties of Strains Propagated in Monkey Kidney Cell Cultures.

SummaryRS viruses recovered in 1962 were cytopathic on MKTC's. MKTC's were much more sensitive (80%) than HEp-2 cells. Seventeen of 24 isolates were revealed between the 3rd and 6th days post-inocu...
Thin-film coatings and transmission-polarization-devices: negative system

In this communication, we discuss the behavior of the negative transparent-film transparent-substrate film-substrate system as a transmission-polarization-device. A transmission-polarization-device is defined as a device that produces pre-specified polarization changes of the electromagnetic wave upon transmission through the device. A comprehensive account of all devices is presented through the analysis of the transmission polarization function of the film-substrate system. We present device-specific closed-form design formulae for each and every device. We also present a general-device design-formula to design any and all transmission-polarization-devices. In this communication, thin-film coatings are treated as polarization devices.
Uveal effusion syndrome associated with primary pulmonary hypertension and vomiting.

Purpose: We treated a 69-year-old woman with bilateral uveal effusions associated with primary pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and vomiting. Methods: The patient underwent ophthalmoscopic, echocardiographic, and fluorescein angiographic examinations. Results: Increased venous pressure caused by congestive heart failure and vomiting was implicated as the cause of bilateral uveal effusions. The uveal effusions responded well to systemic furosemide. Conclusion: Primary pulmonary hypertension with right-sided congestive heart failure and vomiting can lead to the development of uveal effusions.
Towards a conceptual and methodological framework for determining robot believability

Making interactions between humans and artificial agents successful is a major goal of interaction design. The aim of this paper is to provide researchers conducting interaction studies a new framework for the evaluation of robot believability. By critically examining the ordinary sense of believability, we first argue that currently available notions of it are underspecified for rigorous application in an experimental setting. We then define four concepts that capture different senses of believability, each of which connects directly to an empirical methodology. Finally, we show how this framework has been and can be used in the construction of interaction studies by applying it to our own work in human–robot interaction.
Drugs and world politics: The Caribbean dimension

(1994). Drugs and world politics: The Caribbean dimension. The Round Table: Vol. 83, No. 332, pp. 419-431.