cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-existing Lumbar Spine Diagnosis as a Predictor of Outcomes in National Football League Athletes:

Background:It is currently unknown how pre-existing lumbar spine conditions may affect the medical evaluation, draft status, and subsequent career performance of National Football League (NFL) players.Purpose:To determine if a pre-existing lumbar diagnosis affects a player’s draft status or his performance and longevity in the NFL.Study Design:Cohort study; Level 3.Methods:The investigators evaluated the written medical evaluations and imaging reports of prospective NFL players from a single franchise during the NFL Scouting Combine from 2003 to 2011. Players with a reported lumbar spine diagnosis and with appropriate imaging were included in this study. Athletes were then matched to control draftees without a lumbar spine diagnosis by age, position, year, and round drafted. Career statistics and performance scores were calculated.Results:Of a total of 2965 athletes evaluated, 414 were identified as having a pre-existing lumbar spine diagnosis. Players without a lumbar spine diagnosis were more likely to ...
Dynamic resource allocation of shared data centers supporting multiclass requests

In this paper, we consider a shared data center (or Web server) with requests from multiple companies: each company with two classes of request: 1) streaming requests and 2) elastic requests. The processing capacity of the Web server is shared by the companies' requests of the two classes. An analytical model is developed and matrix geometric method is used to derive the system performance measures. A cost model is developed to obtain a request admission control policy that utilizes the Web server's processing capacity efficiently. The objective is to maximize the revenue of the data center, which is a function of the multiclass request characteristics and the quality of service measures. It is well known that the request characteristics like arrival rates vary dynamically over time. As a consequence, autonomic computing is the only practical way for determining on the fly how to partition the Web server processing capacity over time among the companies.
EQUIVALENCE OF DUAL FIELD THEORETICAL LIMITS OF SUPERSTRING THEORIES

Abstract The equivalence of type IA and type IB field-theoretical limits of superstring theories is shown by using a new type of duality transformation. Compactifications of the type IB theory to four dimensions are studied and it is shown that they induce the same vacuum configurations as the type IA theory provided the field equations are satisfied.
Tyrosine hydroxylase: another piece of the genetics of hypertension puzzle.

Investigations of the genetic underpinnings of hypertension have had a long history that includes twin studies, adoption studies, and family studies. Subsequent large pedigree studies showed substantial heritability for many traits related to hypertension.1,2 Guided by these high heritabilities, segregation analysis provided evidence that common mendelian genes had moderate to large effects on multiple intermediate phenotypes for blood pressure and for blood pressure itself.3 Subsequent linkage analyses suggested that these large common gene effects were not as strong as originally thought because few linkage signals reached the strength seen for known monogenic traits.4,5 The excitement surrounding the potential of whole-genome linkage scans seemed to diminish because few scans agreed on the same chromosome regions. However, as more scans have been published and more meta-analyses performed, increasing consensus exists for particular chromosomal regions containing genes contributing to blood pressure control (see the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GENELINK meta-analysis Web site, https://genelink.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.jsp). Recently, a number of genes have been discovered by fine mapping regions under linkage peaks ( SLC4A5, ATP1B1, SELE, RGS5 ), suggesting that despite the lack of universal agreement of multiple scans on linked regions and only moderately sized linkage statistics, it is still possible to find disease genes under linkage signals.6,7 Article p 993 In addition to the recent gene-finding successes of family studies, whole-genome association studies have become the new hope to discover additional genes with small but important effects on blood pressure. Genome-wide association studies have now identified genes or specific chromosomal locations influencing many diseases such as diabetes mellitus,8–11 obesity,12 and coronary heart disease.13 Additional association scans now in progress will surely identify other disease genes, including new blood pressure genes. A genome-wide association study consisting of 2000 subjects for each of 7 diseases and 3000 control subjects suggested …
Women with disabilities: The long road to equality

Abstract Although the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was instrumental in raising societal conscious awareness of the issues and discriminatory practices towards people with disabilities, the evidence points to a lack of full inclusion in the mainstream of American society. Due to the double discrimination of gender and disability status, women with disabilities confront major obstacles even more boldly to achieve equality and full participation in society. This article examines some of the current meanings of disability, vital statistics, and current discriminatory practices in specific areas for women with disabilities such as, human rights and abuse, relationships and sexual functioning, health maintenance issues, employment, and environmental barriers. Positive strategies for social workers to become involved at both the macro and micro levels of practice as well as social policy level are identified.
The oldest fossil evidence of animal parasitism by fungi supports a Cretaceous diversification of fungal-arthropod symbioses.

Paleoophiocordyceps coccophagus, a fungal parasite of a scale insect from the Early Cretaceous (Upper Albian), is reported and described here. This fossil not only provides the oldest fossil evidence of animal parasitism by fungi but also contains morphological features similar to asexual states of Hirsutella and Hymenostilbe of the extant genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Because species of Hypocreales collectively exhibit a broad range of nutri- tional modes and symbioses involving plants, animals and other fungi, we conducted ancestral host reconstruction coupled with phylogenetic dating analyses calibrated with P. coccophagus. These results support a plant-based ancestral nutritional mode for Hypocreales, which then diversified ecologically through a dynamic process of intra- and interkingdom host shifts involving fungal, higher plant and ani- mal hosts. This is especially evident in the families Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae and Ophiocordycipit- aceae, which are characterized by a high occurrence of insect pathogens. The ancestral ecologies of Clavicipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae are inferred to be animal pathogens, a trait inherited from a common ancestor, whereas the ancestral host affiliation of Cordycipitaceae was not resolved. Phyloge- netic dating supports both a Jurassic origin of fungal-animal symbioses within Hypocreales and parallel diversification of all three insect pathogenic families during the Cretaceous, concurrent with the diversi- fication of insects and angiosperms.
Separation of clonogenic cells from stationary phase cultures and a murine fibrosarcoma by density-gradient centrifugation.

Publisher Summary A variety of biophysical methods have been developed to separate selected homogeneous subpopulations of cells from complex and heterogeneous cell systems such as normal and neoplastic tissues. Based on the premise that physical differences between cells may be indicative of functional differences, these methods were designed to exploit the physical differences that exist between the various classes of cells. One such method involves the centrifugation of cells in preformed density gradients. In this system, each cell sediments to a point in the gradient where the density of the surrounding medium is equal to its own—that is, its isopycnic point. Because the cells are in intimate contact with the surrounding medium, it is important that this material not exert a cytotoxic effect. The gradient material should also be of high density and low viscosity, easily prepared and sterilized, and stable against chemical breakdown and denaturation. It would also be advantageous if this material did not aggregate cells and was isotonic. Renografin, an ionic derivative of tri-iodinated benzoic acid, is a material having most of the above requirements. This chapter describes the use of Renografin as a supporting medium for the separation of homogeneous subpopulations of mammalian cells from such complex and heterogeneous populations as cultures of Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells grown to late stationary or plateau phase and cells derived from disaggregated murine fibrosarcoma (FSa) tumors.
Fetal lung maturity: the adjunctive use of ultrasound.

Ultrasonic cephalometry (BPD) was retrospectively studied in 268 patients at risk for the development of hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed as having diabetes and were excluded. Of the remaining 231 patients, 123 (53%) were found to have a biparietal diameter of (BPD) ≥ 9.2 cm. There were 92 patients delivered within 5 days of scanning and none developed HMD. A BPD of 9.2 cm corresponded to an L/S ratio of 2.8 (r = 0.45, p
Distribution of Ammonoids in the Lower Triassic Union Wash Formation (Eastern California): Evidence for Paleoceanographic Conditions During Recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction

Abstract The Lower Triassic (Smithian-Spathian) Union Wash Formation (east-central California), deposited along the western edge of Pangea, is generally barren of macrofossils with the exception of ammonoids. To better understand the paleoenvironmental conditions that existed in the region of Union Wash Formation deposition, data were gathered concerning the taphonomy, sedimentology, and distribution of these ammonoids. Results indicate Meekoceras bed deposition was due to a drop in background sedimentation rates, perhaps coupled with favorable environmental conditions. Disappearance of ammonoid shells in the stratigraphic interval above the Meekocerasbed appears to be the result of a shallow aragonite compensation depth (ACD); the return of ammonoids higher in the section is associated with the appearance of seafloor calcium carbonate cements that represent an increase in the degree of calcium carbonate supersaturation, related to the upwelling of anoxic, alkaline waters. The subsequent disappearance of ...
Questions About Questionable Research Practices in the Field of Management A Guest Commentary

The discussion regarding questionable research practices (QRPs) in management as well as the broader natural and social sciences has increased substantially in recent years. Despite the attention, questions remain regarding research norms and the implications for both theoretical and practical advancements. The aim of the current article is to address these issues in a question-and-answer format while drawing upon both past research and the results of a series of new studies conducted using a mixed-methods design. Our goal is to encourage a systematic, collegial, and constructive dialogue regarding QRPs in management research.
Taurine depletion, a novel mechanism for cardioprotection from regional ischemia.

Three processes that have been implicated in ischemic injury are impaired Ca2+movement, altered osmoregulation, and membrane remodeling. Because the amino acid, taurine, affects all three processes...
Striped Droplet Deposition on Patterned Surfaces Using Inkjet-Printing Method

Striped droplet deposition represents a novel non-photolithographic scheme, which is based on current ink-jet printing technique and self-alignment for implementation of microfabrication. Generally thought to be one of soft-lithographic systems, this scheme provides a low-waste, high-speed, and cost-efficient process for the formation of microstructures in Microelectromechanic systems (MEMS) field. We reported a number of generated striped patterns, which differ from conventional ones on the non-planar shapes, typically featuring a convex shape, a width of 180μm, and a height of 12μm in the study. Moreover, the 1×54 arrays of the above striped micro-meter structures deposited by transparent polyurethane (PU) droplets were fabricated by inkjet technique, measured for 2-D/3-D profiles by laser-scanning facility, and thus examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for their topography. Those generated patterns were smooth on surfaces and therefore useful on the potential applications, such as lens-array chips and waveguide devices etc.
Ethically speaking: Affluenza

It's affluenza season. Did you get your vaccination yet? Affluenza infects more people than you think. Statistics dramatically understate the epidemic. There was a devastating case in Texas that killed four people (http://www.forbes.com/sites/dalearcher/2013/12/16/the-affluenza-epidemic/). A 16-year-old boy from a rich family was drunk from drinking beer he stole from a Wal-Mart store when he drove his vehicle into four people and killed them. He confessed to intoxication manslaughter and was found guilty. The evidence to convict the boy was overwhelming. During the sentencing, a psychologist testifed that the boy suffered from affluenza. Affluenza infects children of wealthy families. Symptoms include a sense of entitlement and irre sponsibility. The infected make excuses for poor behavior because parents have not set proper boundaries. The term affluenza originated in the 1970s by blending the words ?affluent? and ?influenza? (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/affluenza). Rather than giving him the maximum 20-year prison sentence prosecutors were seeking, the judge gave him 10 years of probation. His harsh sentence requires therapy at a treatment facility in California, for which his parents will reportedly pay more than $450,000 a year. Will health insurance cover that?
Deep Vein Thrombosis In Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (P3.210)

Objective: The incidence of deep venous thrombosis decreases in severe traumatic brain injury patients with chemoprophylaxis. Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), often prodromal for pulmonary embolism, is known to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Chemoprophylaxis use is controversial among clinicians who care for severe traumatic brain injury patients due to concern of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and its pernicious effects. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case control study with patients admitted to University Hospital neurosurgical ICU in San Antonio, Texas from 2011-2013. Severe TBI was defined as patients who required intracranial pressure monitoring within 48 hours of admission. Patients less than 18, DVT on admission, pregnancy, chronic anticoagulation, and death within 72 hours were excluded. Demographics, complications, chemoprophylaxis start date were gathered. ICH progression was defined as lesion expansion or new ICH on repeat CT scan. Fisher’s and Mann-Whiney tests were utilized to analyze data. Results: A total of 155 records were selected after exclusion criteria. The cohort was mostly white(71.6[percnt]), male(76.8[percnt]) with median age of 41. A total of 122 patients received prophylaxis, 19 patients developed DVT, and 28 patients expired. Chemoprophylaxis decreased incidence of DVT in the cohort (O.R.:3.72[1.65-8.41], P=0.001) and decreased mortality (O.R.: 3.02[1.60-5.71], P=0.001). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent DVT was 1.27 patient. The incidence of ICH progression after chemoprophylaxis was 7.74[percnt]. The mean number of days after admission with stable head CT was 2.74±2.51, chemoprophylaxis initiation was 4.85 ±3.32, and DVT development was 8.7± 8.55. Conclusions: Our data shows an incidence of 12.26[percnt] DVT in severe TBI patients with a lower incidence of DVT and mortality in patients who received chemoprophylaxis. This incidence is lower than the average of other reported DVTs in critical care conditions. Further randomized prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal to start chemoprophylaxis in severe TBI patients. Disclosure: Dr. Mendez-Gomez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chavez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Avila has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seifi has nothing to disclose.
Crystallographic capture of a radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme in the act of modifying tRNA

RlmN is a dual-specificity RNA methylase that modifies C2 of adenosine 2503 (A2503) in 23S rRNA and C2 of adenosine 37 (A37) in several Escherichia coli transfer RNAs (tRNAs). A related methylase, Cfr, modifies C8 of A2503 via a similar mechanism, conferring resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Here, we report the x-ray structure of a key intermediate in the RlmN reaction, in which a Cys118→Ala variant of the protein is cross-linked to a tRNAGlu substrate through the terminal methylene carbon of a formerly methylcysteinyl residue and C2 of A37. RlmN contacts the entire length of tRNAGlu, accessing A37 by using an induced-fit strategy that completely unfolds the tRNA anticodon stem-loop, which is likely critical for recognition of both tRNA and ribosomal RNA substrates.
Wearable Chemical Sensors: Present Challenges and Future Prospects

Wearable sensors have received considerable interest over the past decade owing to their tremendous promise for monitoring the wearers’ health, fitness, and their surroundings. However, only limited attention has been directed at developing wearable chemical sensors that offer more comprehensive information about a wearer’s well-being. The development of wearable chemical sensors faces multiple challenges on various fronts. This perspective reviews key challenges and technological gaps impeding the successful realization of effective wearable chemical sensor systems, related to materials, power, analytical procedure, communication, data acquisition, processing, and security. Size, rigidity, and operational requirements of present chemical sensors are incompatible with wearable technology. Sensor stability and on-body sensor surface regeneration constitute key analytical challenges. Similarly, present wearable power sources are incapable of meeting the requirements for wearable electronics owing to their l...
How to Determine the Slag Activation Mmethod

Slag is a highly active mineral admixture,which is widely used in production of portland cement and commercial concrete.Therefore,it is very important to use effective methods to stimulate activity of slag.In this thesis,composition and role of slag powder are analyzed,stimulation modes of slag activity which from three different places are enumerated,and chemical analysis and phase analysis of slag are carried out.From the contrast test,get the summarize of validity and rationality of stimulation method.
Southern theory: The global dynamics of knowledge in social science, by R. Connell

Few books have been written on theoretical stances offering alternatives to Northern perspectives. Fortunately, this book fills that gap. Within this volume, the author, Raewyn Connell, offers a pe...
Craniofacial approach to tumors of the head and neck

The type of surgery described in this article is safe and effective when performed by an experienced team of plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons. In a very extensive series of patients with tumors of the cranial base, there has been only one surgical death. It occurred the day after surgery and was thought to have resulted from an error in administering anesthesia. Reconstruction is limited in patients with malignant disease, especially when the tumor is recurrent after radiation therapy. It is better to delay and not hide any area of potential recurrence. Reconstruction can be performed at 12 to 18 months. In nonmalignant tumors, total reconstruction is performed. Extensive surgery can be carried out with a good chance of cure. Initial rehabilitation is with a prosthesis, but later reconstruction will give an acceptable result. Thus, both surgeon and patient may embark on this hazardous course with a much greater degree of security and equanimity.
Determination of a type of permutation binomials over finite fields

Abstract Let f = a x + x 3 q − 2 ∈ F q 2 [ x ] , where a ∈ F q 2 ⁎ . We prove that f is a permutation polynomial of F q 2 if and only if one of the following occurs: (i) q = 2 e , e odd, and a q + 1 3 is a primitive 3rd root of unity. (ii) ( q , a ) belongs to a finite set which is determined in the paper.
APOL1 genotype, blood pressure, and survival in African Americans with nondiabetic nephropathy

Several landmark trials have assessed the effects of aggressive hypertension control on the progression of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. Results generally have been disappointing. With the realization that lowering blood pressure, including with renin-angiotensin system blockade, failed to reliably prevent end-stage kidney disease, studies now are analyzing longer-term effects of hypertension control on survival in chronic kidney disease. This commentary reviews the current findings and extends the discussion to apolipoprotein L1 gene by blood pressure (or gene by environment) interactions.
Why the US science and engineering workforce is aging rapidly

The science and engineering workforce has aged rapidly in recent years, both in absolute terms and relative to the workforce as a whole. This is a potential concern if the large number of older scientists crowds out younger scientists, making it difficult for them to establish independent careers. In addition, scientists are believed to be most creative earlier in their careers, so the aging of the workforce may slow the pace of scientific progress. We develop and simulate a demographic model, which shows that a substantial majority of recent aging is a result of the aging of the large baby boom cohort of scientists. However, changes in behavior have also played a significant role, in particular, a decline in the retirement rate of older scientists, induced in part by the elimination of mandatory retirement in universities in 1994. Furthermore, the age distribution of the scientific workforce is still adjusting. Current retirement rates and other determinants of employment in science imply a steady-state mean age 2.3 y higher than the 2008 level of 48.6.
Strength training and body composition in middle-age women.

BACKGROUND Strength training is a sound method to improve body composition. However, the effect of age, diet, menopause, and physical activity on the relationship between strength training and body composition in women remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the intricacies of the relationship between strength training and body composition in 257 middle-age women and to quantify the effect of these factors on the association. METHODS The study was cross-sectional. Five variables were used to index strength training participation. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Diet was assessed by 7-day weighed food records, and physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers. RESULTS There were 109 strength trainers in the sample. For each day per week of strength training, body fat was 1.3 percentage points lower (F=14.8, P<0.001) and fat-free mass was 656 g higher (F=18.9, P<0.001). Likewise, the more time women spent lifting and the more intensely they trained, the better their body composition tended to be. Differences in age, energy and protein consumption had little effect on the associations. However, adjusting for differences in physical activity, and to a lesser extent, menopause status, weakened the relationships significantly. CONCLUSIONS The more days, time, and effort women devote to strength training, the lower their body fat and the higher their fat-free mass tend to be. A significant portion of the differences in body composition seems to result from lifters participating in more physical activity than non-lifters. Menopause status also contributes significantly to the relationship.
Design with sub-10 nm FinFET technologies

• The close interaction of the process capabilities requires that the circuit and physical design architecture be comprehended — This is classical "Design Technology Co-optimization" (DTCO) • Only increasing over time • Memory transistor design must anticipate the required — Read and write assists • And their impact on area • Denser cell libraries restrict the possible cells — Smaller libraries are an inevitable result • Complex cells with breaks are better assembled by the APR tool • Flexible sizing and placement with multiple cells • At all points in the design process the anticipated physical design has to be understood — The lines/cuts metallization is an example of these requirements • APR tools must calculate the parasitics of moving cuts and the extra dummy metals as the design is routed to avoid large critical path impact
Endogenous Reprogramming of Alpha Cells into Beta Cells, Induced by Viral Gene Therapy, Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes

Successful strategies for treating type 1 diabetes need to restore the function of pancreatic beta cells that are destroyed by the immune system and overcome further destruction of insulin-producing cells. Here, we infused adeno-associated virus carrying Pdx1 and MafA expression cassettes through the pancreatic duct to reprogram alpha cells into functional beta cells and normalized blood glucose in both beta cell-toxin-induced diabetic mice and in autoimmune non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The euglycemia in toxin-induced diabetic mice and new insulin+ cells persisted in the autoimmune NOD mice for 4 months prior to reestablishment of autoimmune diabetes. This gene therapy strategy also induced alpha to beta cell conversion in toxin-treated human islets, which restored blood glucose levels in NOD/SCID mice upon transplantation. Hence, this strategy could represent a new therapeutic approach, perhaps complemented by immunosuppression, to bolster endogenous insulin production. Our study thus provides a potential basis for further investigation in human type 1 diabetes.
Horace’s Odes as the “Hidden Rhetoric” of the Principate, 27 BCE to 14 CE

The principate of Augustus (27 BCE to 14 CE) has been portrayed as a period of rhetorical decline, given the suppression of late-Republic fiery, Ciceronian oratory. Building from recent scholarship...
Public Botanophilia: Learned Societies and Eminent Botanophiles

Before embarking upon a provincial tour of botanical societies or a sketch of their 0) most notable adherents, some comment is in order to account for the noticeable participation of educated women as amateurs in the botanical groundswell. In the prior century, it was not uncommon to detect notable women in literary or religious societies; so that, in retrospect, Fontenelle’s Entretiens sur la pluralite des mondes (1686), a series of lively and elegant dialogues between a philosopher and a marquise, encompassing Cartesian theory and the facts of astronomy, seems to have been a harbinger of feminine interest in natural science in the 18th century.
Application to Magnetic Storage

To understand how soft iterative decoding can be applied to communications, we study disk drives, where the high rate of innovation makes it a likely candidate for the early adoption of advanced coding techniques. In particular, unlike communications systems that are based on standards, each hard disk drive can use its own proprietary coding scheme.
How Does Fiscal Policy Affect the American Worker

American policymakers have begun to prepare the public for fiscal policy changes, such as comprehensive reforms of the Federal income tax and Social Security retirement systems, which would profoundly alter the lives of American workers and their families. Projected fiscal imbalances are clearly unsustainable, and Europe’s economic and demographic crisis, characterized by high unemployment and falling fertility rates, illustrates the grave dangers of policy mistakes. But no American consensus has emerged, partly because there is no generally accepted and empirically grounded theory explaining how fiscal policy affects employment and fertility. This paper lays out a simple but comprehensive framework for analyzing such questions, by proceeding from the homey example of a children’s lemonade stand to describe how Augustine’s theory of personal love and Aristotle’s theory of distributive justice were originally integrated within economic analysis. The second section applies the analysis to describe and update “Rueff’s Law,” which explains how employment and unemployment are determined by the cost of labor (measured as workers’ share of total labor and property income after government taxes and benefits). The analysis shows that funding social benefits either by borrowing or with income taxes raises the cost of labor and unemployment, while funding such benefits with payroll taxes does not increase unemployment but may lower labor market participation. The third section extends the analysis to fill a crucial gap in the economic theory of fertility and shows that most variation in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) among the fifty countries for which data are available (compris-
Microstructural Effects on Creep and Fatigue

Both creep and fatigue are highly complex phenomena involving many factors. The roles of microstructure are even more complex and often conflicting. This paper discusses the roles of micro-structure in low temperature phenomena first, that is, fatigue at room temperature and below, then elevated temperature creep, and finally fatigue again but at elevated temperatures. At low temperatures fatigue crack initiation, microcrack propagation, the stress intensity range threshold for macrocrack propagation including closure stresses, and mid-range macrocrack propagation are discussed in sequence. The discussion of creep and high temperature fatigue emphasizes the influence of microstructure on damage accumulation at grain boundaries and microstructural instability during service.
Cartesianism and the Spirit Controversy

Balthasar Bekker’s interest in Cartesian philosophy developed alongside his anti-confessional religious position during his early years in Groningen and Franeker. Cartesianism had been highly controversial in the Republic since it began to gain a foothold there in the 1640s, drawing intense opposition from the confessional wing of the Reformed church, which saw philosophical rationalism as a threat to religious belief. Bekker’s interest in Cartesianism therefore further embittered his confessionalist opponents and involved him in another complex web of intellectual controversy, this time between Dutch Cartesians and their clerical opponents.
Modified Structures Associated with Poisson Lie Groups

Given a Poisson Lie group, we show how to construct modified (Poisson) structures using suitable linear maps from the dual of the Lie algebra to the Lie algebra. An important class of such maps for which our construction works is given by morphisms of the corresponding Lie bialgebras. The twisted Poisson structures which arose in earlier work of the authors on Lax equations on a lattice are now identified as a special instance of this general construction.
Testing a mediational model of the effect of family communication patterns on student perceptions of the impact of the college transition through social communication apprehension

ABSTRACTAn undergraduate college student’s ability to transition successfully to college has been identified as one of the most pressing concerns for institutions of higher education. To understand...
High-temperature thermal barrier-coated Sylramic-iBN/pyrolytic carbon/chemical vapor infiltration silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite behavior in a combustion environment:

An environmental barrier-coated Sylramic-iBN/pyrolytic carbon/chemical vapor infiltration silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite was characterized in a harsh combustion environment under two cond...
Oral contraceptive use and depression among adolescents.

Abstract Purpose Depression is a prevalent health problem affecting U.S. women. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are commonly used for pregnancy prevention, and evidence is mixed regarding any increased risk for incident depression among users, particularly adolescents. Methods We examined the relationship between OCP use and depressive disorders among female adolescents using validated, structured interview assessments in a general population sample of adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. Respondents were 4765 female adolescents with no history of pregnancy who reported current OCP use, lifetime OCP use, and age of OCP initiation. Lifetime and current depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder and depressive episodes, were assessed by lay interviewers. Results In logistic regression models adjusted for a range of confounders, there was no relationship between ever using OCPs and lifetime depressive disorder (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.88–1.37), nor current use of OCPs and current depressive disorder (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.50–1.35). Using survival analysis for age-of-onset data, we found that OCP use is not associated with an increased risk of depressive disorders. Conclusions In sum, use of OCPs in a general population sample of adolescents did not increase the risk of depressive disorders.
Dynamic EAP Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks are a network of sensors on, in the vicinity of, or implanted within the body for a variety of applications including medical monitoring. Due to the nature of these sensors, data transmission reliability and quality are essential. Furthermore, we must recognize that each type of body sensor holds a unique importance to each user and his or her specific health needs, an importance that can also change at any time. A user may have a multitude of different sensor combinations being measured with varying significance, and in order to ensure meaningful analysis, it is imperative that we have the highest possible data reliability. However, the current IEEE 802.15.6 [1] is static in general and cannot easily adapt to changing scenarios throughout the day. This paper presents a dynamic EAP based MAC protocol for WBANs that seeks to better suit the unique needs of users by dynamically adjusting the allocated slots of the Exclusive Access Phase (EAP) and Random Access Phase (RAP) of the IEEE 802.15.6 beacon period (superframe) structure to fit the transmission needs of the sensors, as well as utilizing packet prioritization to minimize resource competition during the RAP phase. The length of the EAP is determined by calculating the necessary transmission time of all the packets the EAP node has scheduled to send during the beacon period. The length of the RAP is calculated by weighting the remaining time by the lengths of the respective preceding EAP phase. Furthermore, each type of sensor is assigned to one of three ranks, Always Important, Sometimes Important, and Never Important, depending on their importance to the user. The purpose of these ranks is to categorize sensors based on the user’s unique needs and to ensure that sensor data with the highest importance are successfully collected while also ensuring that sensor data of lower ranked sensors have useful and acceptable throughput as well. Simulation results have shown that this protocol improves throughput for the most important data – data from Always Important sensors and Sometimes Important sensors with important data – with little to no decline in the overall throughput.
Heterogeneities dominate mechanical performance of additively manufactured metal lattice struts

Abstract Architected structural metamaterials, also known as lattice, truss, or acoustic materials, provide opportunities to produce tailored effective properties that are not achievable in bulk monolithic materials. These topologies are typically designed under the assumption of uniform, isotropic base material properties taken from reference databases and without consideration for sub-optimal as-printed properties or off-nominal dimensional heterogeneities. However, manufacturing imperfections such as surface roughness are present throughout the lattices and their constituent struts create significant variability in mechanical properties and part performance. This study utilized a customized tensile bar with a gauge section consisting of five parallel struts loaded in a stretch (tensile) orientation to examine the impact of manufacturing heterogeneities on quasi-static deformation of the struts, with a focus on ultimate tensile strength and ductility. The customized tensile specimen was designed to prevent damage during handling, despite the sub-millimeter thickness of each strut, and to enable efficient, high-throughput mechanical testing. The strut tensile specimens and reference monolithic tensile bars were manufactured using a direct metal laser sintering (also known as laser powder bed fusion or selective laser melting) process in a precipitation hardened stainless steel alloy, 17-4PH, with minimum feature sizes ranging from 0.5-0.82 mm, comparable to minimum allowable dimensions for the process. Over 70 tensile stress-strain tests were performed revealing that the effective mechanical properties of the struts were highly stochastic, considerably inferior to the properties of larger as-printed reference tensile bars, and well below the minimum allowable values for the alloy. Pre- and post-test non-destructive analyses revealed that the primary source of the reduced properties and increased variability was attributable to heterogeneous surface topography with stress-concentrating contours and commensurate reduction in effective load-bearing area.
Gender Differences in Critical Digital Political Engagement in China: The Consequences for Protest Attitudes:

We use original survey data from China to examine gender differences in exposure to, and the exchange of, information critical of their respective governments via the Internet and social media. Exi...
Seismic imaging evidence that forearc underplating built the accretionary rock record of coastal North and South America

The submerged forearcs of Pacific subduction zones of North and South America are underlain by a coastally exposed basement of late Palaeozoic to early Tertiary age. Basement is either an igneous massif of an accreted intra-oceanic arc or oceanic plateau (e.g. Cascadia(?), Colombia), an in situ formed arc massif (e.g. Aleutian Arc) or an exhumed accretionary complex of low and high P/T metamorphic facies of late Palaeozoic (e.g. southern Chile, Patagonia) and Mesozoic age (e.g. Alaska). Seismic studies at Pacific forearcs image frontal prisms of trench sediment accreted to the seaward edge of forearc basement. Frontal prisms tend to be narrow (10–40 km), weakly consolidated and volumetrically small (∼35–40 km3/km of trench). In contrast, deep seismic imaging of submerged forearcs commonly reveals large volumes (∼2000 km3/km of trench) of underplated material accreted at subsurface depths of ∼10–30 km to the base of forearc basement. Underplates have been imaged below the southern Chile, Ecuador–Colombia, north Cascade, Alaska, and possibly the eastern Aleutian forearcs. Deep underplates have also been observed below the Japan and New Zealand forearcs. Seismic imaging of northern and eastern Pacific forearcs supports the conclusion drawn from field and laboratory studies that exposed low and high P/T accretionary complexes accumulated in the subsurface at depths of 10–30 km. It seems significant that imaged underplated bodies are characteristic of modern well-sedimented subduction zones. It also seems likely that large Pacific-rim underplates store a significant fraction of sediment subducted in Cenozoic time.
Experiential Learning: Moving From Data Collection to Health Promotion in One Term:

Public health graduate students can benefit from exposure to both qualitative methods and health communication strategies early in their training. However, effective methods of integrating these co...
Ros‐NET: A deep convolutional neural network for automatic identification of rosacea lesions

Background Rosacea is one of the most common cutaneous disorder characterized primarily by facial flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectases, and nasal swelling. Diagnosis of rosacea is principally done by a physical examination and a consistent patient history. However, qualitative human assessment is often subjective and suffers from a relatively high intra- and inter-observer variability in evaluating patient outcomes. Materials and methods To overcome these problems, we propose a quantitative and reproducible computer-aided diagnosis system, Ros-NET, which integrates information from different image scales and resolutions in order to identify rosacea lesions. This involves adaption of Inception-ResNet-v2 and ResNet-101 to extract rosacea features from facial images. Additionally, we propose to refine the detection results by means of facial-landmarks-based zones (ie, anthropometric landmarks) as regions of interest (ROI), which focus on typical areas of rosacea occurrence on a face. Results Using a leave-one-patient-out cross-validation scheme, the weighted average Dice coefficients, in percentages, across all patients (N = 41) with 256 × 256 image patches are 89.8 ± 2.6% and 87.8 ± 2.4% with Inception-ResNet-v2 and ResNet-101, respectively. Conclusion The findings from this study support that pre-trained networks trained via transfer learning can be beneficial in identifying rosacea lesions. Our future work will involve expanding the work to a larger database of cases with varying degrees of disease characteristics.
Critical standing crop residue amounts for wind erosion control in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Abstract Crop residue is an important factor influencing wind erosion of cultivated soils. Establishing soil surface protection afforded by standing crop residue is critical for land managers seeking to reduce or prevent soil loss by wind erosion and the impacts of blowing dust from agricultural lands. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of standing residue on soil wind erosion in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW), USA, and test the performance of the plant factor algorithm of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) models in influencing soil loss. The effect of standing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring canola (Brassica napus L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) residue on wind erosion, remaining from major commodity crops in the region, was tested in a laboratory wind tunnel using four levels of residue density. The impact of standing residue in controlling wind erosion was compared and analyzed in terms of residue density and their respective frontal area index. Our results show that residue at a density characteristic of the production environment (110 standing residue elements m−1 for winter wheat, 20 standing elements m−1 for canola, and 16 standing elements m−1 for chickpea) provided significant protection to the soil surface from wind erosion. Soil loss at this level of residue density was reduced by 73.3, 53.4, and 60.9% for respectively winter wheat, spring canola, and chickpea (frontal area indexes are 0.172, 0.104, and 0.026 respectively) compared with a surface without residue. The soil surface was found to be at significant risk from wind erosion when residue densities of the three crop types were
Nationwide Analysis of Lower Extremity Periprosthetic Fractures.

Abstract Background Although the annual incidence of primary total joint arthroplasty is increasing, trends in the annual incidence of periprosthetic fractures have not been established. This study aimed to define the annual incidence of periprosthetic fractures in the United States. Methods Inpatient admission data for 60,887 surgically treated lower extremity periprosthetic fractures between 2006 and 2015 were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database. The annual incidence of periprosthetic fractures was defined as the number of new cases per year and presented as a population-adjusted rate per 100,000 US individuals. Univariable methods were used for trend analysis and comparisons between groups. Results The national annual incidence of periprosthetic fractures presented as a population-adjusted rate of new cases per year peaked in 2008 (2.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.39-3.05), remained stable from 2010 (1.65; 95% CI, 1.45-1.86) through 2013 (1.67; 95% CI, 1.55-1.8) and increased in 2014 (1.99; 95% CI, 1.85-2.13) and 2015 (2.47; 95% CI, 2.31-2.62). The proportion of femoral periprosthetic fractures managed with total knee arthroplasty revision remained stable (Ptrend = .97) with an increase in total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision (Ptrend Conclusion The annual incidence of periprosthetic fractures remained relatively stable throughout our study period. The proportion of periprosthetic fractures managed with revision THA increased, whereas ORIF decreased. Our findings are encouraging considering the significant burden an increase in periprosthetic fracture incidence would present to the health care system in terms of both expense and patient morbidity.
Methanol tolerance of atomically dispersed single metal site catalysts: mechanistic understanding and high-performance direct methanol fuel cells

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are promising power sources from portable electronic devices to vehicles. The high-cost issue of these low-temperature fuel cells can be primarily addressed by using platinum-group metal (PGM)-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, in particular atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C, M = Fe, Co, Mn). Furthermore, a significant advantage of M–N–C catalysts is their superior methanol tolerance over Pt, which can mitigate the methanol cross-over effect and offer great potential of using a higher concentration of methanol in DMFCs. Here, we investigated the ORR catalytic properties of M–N–C catalysts in methanol-containing acidic electrolytes via experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. FeN4 sites demonstrated the highest methanol tolerance ability when compared to metal-free pyridinic N, CoN4, and MnN4 active sites. The methanol adsorption on MN4 sites is even strengthened when electrode potentials are applied during the ORR. The negative influence of methanol adsorption becomes significant for methanol concentrations higher than 2.0 M. However, the methanol adsorption does not affect the 4e− ORR pathway or chemically destroy the FeN4 sites. The understanding of the methanol-induced ORR activity loss guides the design of promising M–N–C cathode catalyst in DMFCs. Accordingly, we developed a dual-metal site Fe/Co–N–C catalyst through a combined chemical-doping and adsorption strategy. Instead of generating a possible synergistic effect, the introduced Co atoms in the first doping step act as “scissors” for Zn removal in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which is crucial for modifying the porosity of the catalyst and providing more defects for stabilizing the active FeN4 sites generated in the second adsorption step. The Fe/Co–N–C catalyst significantly improved the ORR catalytic activity and delivered remarkably enhanced peak power densities (i.e., 502 and 135 mW cm−2) under H2–air and methanol–air conditions, respectively, representing the best performance for both types of fuel cells. Notably, the fundamental understanding of methanol tolerance, along with the encouraging DMFC performance, will open an avenue for the potential application of atomically dispersed M–N–C catalysts in other direct alcohol or ammonia fuel cells.