cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teratogenic effects of 5‐bromodeoxyuridine on the external morphology of Drosophila melanogaster

Various anomalies were induced in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BUdR). Contraction of the proboscis was the most conspicuous effect. Others included wings that resembled those of a vestigial wing mutant, twisted and/or deformed (occasionally fused) rear legs, and twin spots on the posterior half of the pterothorax. In view of many studies that have demonstrated that 5-BUdR incorporation into DNA is the main determinant of the biological activity of this compound, the altered patterns of differentiation produced by this treatment suggest interference with certain metabolic pathways. Teratogenic effects induced by 5-BUdR in other systems and possible causes for the observed defects are discussed.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool in Coal Utilization

Moessbauer spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the study of iron bearing minerals in coals. Recently this technique was also used to study the coordination of119Sn derivatives in coal. The position of oxygen in the coal structure was inferred from these measurements. The deep penetration of the γ-rays allowsin situ studies of the transformation of the minerals during coal liquefaction and/or gasification. This spectroscopy was applied with great success in the study of iron sulfide stoichimetries and their role in direct coal liquefaction. A review of the applications of Moessbauer spectroscopy is presented relative to the areas of mineral characterizations to synthetic fuels.
Repeat revascularisation outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To investigate repeat revascularisation outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We performed a single-centre, retrospective matched cohort study of patients with RA matched to non-RA patients post PCI. Primary endpoints were time to target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and target vessel revascularisation (TVR) analysed by Cox proportional hazard shared frailty models. Results A total of 228 lesions (143 patients) were identified in the RA cohort and matched to 677 control lesions (541 patients). TLR occurred in 33% (n=75) of RA lesions versus 25% (n=166) of control lesions (adjusted HR 1.3; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.8). TVR occurred in 39% (n=89) of RA lesions versus 31% (n=213) of control lesions (adjusted HR 1.15; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.6). There was a significant hazard for TLR (adjusted HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.13) and TVR (adjusted HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.14) when excluding lesions with revascularisation events or follow-up less than 1 year. When stratified by treatment with methotrexate or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α inhibitors or both at discharge, lesions from patients with RA treated with these agents had similar TVR and TLR as control lesions, whereas lesions from patients with RA not treated with these agents had significantly more TLR and TVR (TLR adjusted HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.03; TVR adjusted HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.84). Conclusions RA predisposes to repeat revascularisation, specifically in patients followed after the 1-year landmark. In the absence of RA treatments including methotrexate and/or TNFα inhibitors, RA is associated with a 50% increased relative risk of repeat revascularisation following PCI. These findings emphasise the adverse effects of chronic inflammation on the durability of PCI and provide further support for aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with RA.
Alternative flow cytometry strategies to analyze stem cells and cell death in planarians

Planarians possess remarkable stem cell populations that continuously support cellular turnover and are instrumental in the regeneration of tissues upon injury. Cellular turnover and tissue regeneration in planarians rely on the proper integration of local and systemic signals that regulate cell proliferation and cell death. Thus, understanding the signals controlling cellular proliferation and cell death in planarians could provide valuable insights for maintenance of adult body homeostasis and the biology of regeneration. Flow cytometry techniques have been utilized widely to identify, isolate, and characterize planarian stem cell populations. We developed alternative flow cytometry strategies that reduce the number of reagents and the time of sample preparation to analyze stem cells and cell death in planarians. The sensitivity of these methods is validated with functional studies using RNA interference and treatment with γ irradiation or stressful conditions that are known to trigger cell death. Altogether, we provide a community resource intended to minimize adverse effects during ex vivo studies of stem cells and cell death in planarians.
Creep of concentrically loaded circular plates

Using a strain-energy approach and the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure, a nonlinear compressible theory was developed to predict the creep deflections of circular plates laterally loaded by a point force acting at the center of the plates. Both clamped and simply supported boundary conditions were considered. The theory applies to transient as well as to steady-state creep. The stress-strain-time relations for the material were represented by a family of isochronous stress-strain curves. For analytical purpose, each curve was approximated by an arc hyperbolic sine function. Experimental data were obtained from eight plates made of high-density polyethylene tested in a controlled-atmosphere room. Material properties were obtained from tension and compression specimens. All test members were subjected to the same load history. An initial load was held constant for a specified time and then increased by 10 percent of its initial value at four equal intervals of time. Good agreement was found between theory and experiment.
What is Logic

[An educated individual] can make contact with the spirit and culture of a people through the grammar of its people; the same rules and forms now have a substantial, living value. Through the grammar he can recognize the expression of mind as such, that is, logic.... It is only after profounder acquaintance with the other sciences that logic ceases to be for subjective spirit a merely abstract universal and reveals itself as the universal which embraces within itself the wealth of the particular. ?Hegel, Greater Logic, Introduction
Severity-Based Tactical Conflict Detection in Terminal Airspace

A method for determining the severity of impending losses of separation (LOSs) is proposed. It is based on the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) separation conformance category for classification of operational errors. A recently proposed short-term conflict detection algorithm for terminal airspace is enhanced with this severity concept. The alerts from the resulting algorithm are compared with the Conflict Alert (CA) currently in the field, which is a legacy system for automated short-term conflict detection. Three complementary sets of aircraft track data are employed. The first set is real-world data with documented LOSs due to operational errors. It allows determination of average alert lead time while providing regression testing of the algorithm. The second set is realistic data from human-in-the-loop experiments with no visual approaches allowed and with known intervention from controllers or pilots available. As a result more objective determination of false alert rate is possible. The third set is real-world data with unknown mixed operations of Instrument Landing System (ILS) and visual approaches but with CA alerting data available from the FAA. The comparison with CA indicates that the algorithm produces a similar total number of alerts but with a much larger safety buffer and a much lower false alert rate. The study also suggests that a high-severity conflict prediction option may be used for aircraft performing visual approaches to satisfy the controller’s moral responsibility for those aircraft.
HDAC Inhibitors--CHI's Third Annual Conference.

Abstract The HDAC Inhibitors meeting, held in Boston, included topics covering new therapeutic developments in the field of HDAC inhibitors. This conference report highlights selected presentations on HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative and other CNS diseases. Investigational drugs discussed include several compounds under evaluation by Karus Therapeutics Ltd, OCID-4681 (Orchid Research Laboratories Ltd) and EVP-0334 (EnVivo Pharmaceuticals Inc).
Evidence of a CO2-Concentrating Mechanism in C4 and Some C3-C4 Intermediate Flaveria Species

The genus Flaveria contains 21 species, at least 9 of which are C3-C4 intermediate species and 7 of which are thought to be C4 species (see 1,2). General features of these C3-C4 intermediate species include varying degrees of Kranz-like anatomy, reduced CO2 compensation points, reduced O2 sensitivity of photosynthesis, and partial assimilation of atmospheric CO2 through a limited C4 cycle. It has been hypothesized that such species represent evolutionary intermediates between the C3 and C4 species of the genus (1).
Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies in Yun’an County of Guangdong Province during 2004-2009

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Yun’an County and its epidemiological factors,and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis was adopted to analyze the data of individual rabies cases reported during 2004-2009 in Yun’an County.[Results]A total of 34 cases of rabies were reported in 7 of 8 towns of the whole county,all cases were in rural areas.Cases onset in May,July,September,October and December occupied 79.4%.The ratio of male cases to female cases was 1.83:1;patients aged over 50 years occupied 58.8%,followed by patients aged less than 15 years (29.4%);occupational distribution was main in peasants (70.6%),followed by students (26.5%);the main attacking animal was dog (85.3%),followed by cat (11.8%);the injured sites were main at upper limbs (58.8%),followed by lower limbs (23.5%).All cases did not receive standard treatments and vaccination of rabies vaccines,antivenom (or immunoglobulin).All cases were died with shortest latency of 9 days and longest latency of 3 years,with the average of 98 days.All cases had the typical clinical symptoms of rabies,with course of 1～12 days.[Conclusion]The 34 cases of rabies are mainly due to the spread of epidemic,high density of dogs,uncompleted comprehensive control measures of management,immunization and elimination,absent awareness of prevention and control in public,and trusting to luck.The control measures are to strengthen public awareness of prevention and control,and to establish long-term prevention mechanism of rabies guided by the government.
Research status of patients with PICC self-management

Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)has been widely used in patients undergoing chemotherapy.It is especially suitable for chemotherapy break when patients with tubes go home.The quality of PICC self-management directly affect catheter security.This paper reviews the studies of PICC self-management,including the CDSMP(chronic disease self-management program) and the application of CDSMP in PICC self-management,to make further research.
Clinical durability of the Hancock porcine bioprosthetic valve

The principal feature of the Hancock xenograft bioprosthesis which remains to be completely defined is long-term durability. This report provides extended data regarding valve durability derived from a data base of 1,407 patients (707 aortic [AVR] and 700 mitral [MVR] replacements) who received Hancock bioprostheses between 1971 and 1979; cumulative duration of follow-up was 1,732 patient-years for AVR and 1,843 for MVR patients, with a maximum follow-up duration of 8.4 years. One hundred seventy-nine patients were followed for more than 5 years and 67 for more than 6 years. Valve failure was defined on the basis of one or more of the following criteria: (1) postoperative development of a new regurgitant murmur, (2) thrombotic valvular occlusion, (3) infective endocarditis resulting in reoperation or death, and (4) hemodynamic valvular dysfunction confirmed by catheterization and resulting in reoperation or death. Twenty-one such failures occurred among all AVR patients and 23 among all MVR patients. The actuarial probability of freedom from valve failure (all causes) was 95.4% ± 1.2% (±SEM) for adult AVR patients 5 years postoperatively and 90.9% ± 2.6% for adult MVR patients 6 years postoperatively. The probability of freedom from primary tissue failure in adults was 99% ± 1% in AVR patients at 5 years and 94.3% ±2.4% in MVR patients at 6 years. The linearized incidence of primary tissue failure in children (
Prevalence and Predictors of Substance Use Disorders Among HIV Care Enrollees in the United States

Prior efforts to estimate U.S. prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in HIV care have been undermined by caveats common to single-site trials. The current work reports on a cohort of 10,652 HIV-positive adults linked to care at seven sites, with available patient data including geography, demography, and risk factor indices, and with substance-specific SUDs identified via self-report instruments with validated diagnostic thresholds. Generalized estimating equations also tested patient indices as SUD predictors. Findings were: (1) a 48 % SUD prevalence rate (between-site range of 21–71 %), with 20 % of the sample evidencing polysubstance use disorder; (2) substance-specific SUD rates of 31 % for marijuana, 19 % alcohol, 13 % methamphetamine, 11 % cocaine, and 4 % opiate; and (3) emergence of younger age and male gender as robust SUD predictors. Findings suggest high rates at which SUDs occur among patients at these urban HIV care sites, detail substance-specific SUD rates, and identify at-risk patient subgroups.
Meeting USDHHS Physical Activity Guidelines and Health Outcomes.

This article discusses relating health markers (blood pressure, percent fat, BMI, blood glucose, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness) to verify the dose response for physical activity guidelines revision.
Extended depth of focus tethered capsule OCT endomicroscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract imaging (Conference Presentation)

Endoscopy, the current standard of care for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, is not ideal as a screening tool because it is costly, necessitates a team of medically trained personnel, and typically requires that the patient be sedated. Endoscopy is also a superficial macroscopic imaging modality and therefore is unable to provide detailed information on subsurface microscopic structure that is required to render a precise tissue diagnosis. We have overcome these limitations through the development of an optical coherence tomography tethered capsule endomicroscopy (OCT-TCE) imaging device. The OCT-TCE device has a pill-like form factor with an optically clear wall to allow the contained opto-mechanical components to scan the OCT beam along the circumference of the esophagus. Once swallowed, the OCT-TCE device traverses the esophagus naturally via peristalsis and multiple cross-sectional OCT images are obtained at 30-40 μm lateral resolution by 7 μm axial resolution. While this spatial resolution enables differentiation of squamous vs columnar mucosa, crucial microstructural features such as goblet cells (~10 μm), which signify intestinal metaplasia in BE, and enlarged nuclei that are indicative of dysplasia cannot be resolved with the current OCT-TCE technology. In this work we demonstrate a novel design of a high lateral resolution OCT-TCE device with an extended depth of focus (EDOF). The EDOF is created by use of self-imaging wavefront division multiplexing that produces multiple focused modes at different depths into the sample. The overall size of the EDOF TCE is similar to that of the previous OCT-TCE device (~ 11 mm by 26 mm) but with a lateral resolution of ~ 8 μm over a depth range of ~ 2 mm. Preliminary esophageal and intestinal imaging using these EDOF optics demonstrates an improvement in the ability to resolve tissue morphology including individual glands and cells. These results suggest that the use of EDOF optics may be a promising avenue for increasing the accuracy of OCT-TCE for the diagnosis of upper GI diseases.
Differential epigenetic regulation of encephalitogenic T cells in relapse-remitting and chronic-progressive mouse models of multiple sclerosis

In this study, we used a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), to evaluate the role of microRNA (miRNA) in modulating T helper cell function in chronic-progressive (CP) versus relapse-remitting (RR) forms of the disease. We hypothesized that encephalitogenic T cell function in RR-EAE and CP-EAE is differentially regulated my microRNA. Microarray analysis of brain-derived CD4+ T cells revealed significant up-regulation of 106 and down-regulation of 42 miRNAs in the chronic-progressive (relative to relapse-remitting) form of disease. In silico analysis of the top up-regulated miRNAs and their target genes revealed significant overlap with signaling pathways imperative for the generation and maintenance of immune tolerance. Specifically miRNA-34, -148, -326 and -6691 were found to be up-regulated in the chronic-progressive form of disease. These miRNAs were predicted to target genes required for TGF-β signaling (ITGB8, ITGAV, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, SMAD2 & SMAD3), and T regulatory (T reg) function (CREB1, RUNX1 & FOXP3). Given the role for T regs in suppression of inflammation and the inverse correlation between T regs and inflammatory resolution, like that which occurs in MS remission, it is fitting that miRNAs governing this process are up-regulated in a chronic versus relapse-remitting form of EAE, promoting perpetuation of T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. The current study demonstrates a role for miRNA in differentially shaping the function of T cells in models of RRMS and CPMS. Information regarding tolerance–promoting or –inhibiting miRNAs can be harnessed for the potential development of miRNA-directed therapies for diseases possessing important inflammatory components.
Topography Evolution During Semiconductor Processing

Many processes performed during the fabrication of microelectronic circuits result in changes in the shape and/or composition of the wafer surface. This is particularly true of deposition, etch and ‘planarization’ steps; e.g., thin film flow (or ‘reflow’) and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) steps. It is well known that differences in the surface shape and/or composition (referred to as ‘topography’ in this chapter) at one or more critical steps in the process flow can result in significant differences in circuit yield and performance; particularly for advanced device structures. The importance of topography relevant steps in determining device and circuit performance explains the widespread interest in simulations of the time evolution of topography during deposition, etch and planarization processes.
Neutrophil interaction with influenza-infected epithelial cells

An in vitro model system was used to study the early neutrophil response to influenza-infected epithelia. In the absence of serum, neutrophil adherence to influenza-infected confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) was approximately 590 times greater than neutrophil binding to control cultures. The leukocytes bound specifically to virus-infected cells. Neutrophil adherence to influenza-infected MDCK cells was monitored during the course of one replication cycle, and binding began at a time (4.5 hours) that coincided with viral protein insertion in the apical cell membrane. Ultrastructural examination at 4.5 hours showed that greater than 90% of the neutrophils adhered to the epithelial cell membrane in the absence of budding virus and, at 6.5 hours, 100% of the neutrophils adhered to the epithelium with emerging virions. The number of neutrophils bound to influenza-infected MDCK cells was not affected by the presence or absence of calcium or magnesium but did depend on the amount of viral inoculum and on the temperature of the culture. In direct contrast to hemadsorption of RBCs, neutrophil binding to influenza-infected MDCK cells was 100% greater at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. The neutrophil surface molecules that bound influenza virus appeared to become functionally polarized because the adherence of neutrophils to budding influenza virus or to a virus-coated surface inhibited the neutrophils from binding additional influenza virus to their nonadherent surface.
Discriminant nuclear features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Analysis of their potential utility in the differential diagnosis

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma have overlapping morphologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features; however, their distinction is critical inasmuch as the former neoplasm has a malignant potential and the latter is widely believed to be a benign tumor. In this study, we investigated the potential utility of nuclear features in differential diagnosis. Nuclear contours, nuclear chromatin pattern, binucleation or multinucleation, pleomorphism, and mitotic activity were assessed semiquantitatively in routine H&E-stained sections from 16 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and 21 cases of renal oncocytoma. All cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were found to have wrinkled, "raisinoid" nuclei in varying proportions, whereas all renal oncocytomas had predominantly round, relatively uniform nuclei. Binucleation or multinucleation was significantly more common in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Nuclear chromatin tended to be coarser in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and nucleoli were seen more commonly in renal oncocytoma. Of the renal oncocytomas, 19% had distinct foci of "degenerative" nuclear atypia with pleomorphism. This type of atypia was absent in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Our study shows that in association with the well-described cytoplasmic and architectural features, nuclear parameters are valuable discriminants between chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. Frequent binucleation and "raisinoid" nuclei with perinuclear halos, resulting in "koilocytoid atypia," is highly characteristic of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
Comparison of Ion Mobility Fuzzy Chromatography Mass Spectrometric (imFCMS) Fingerprinting and FCMS Fingerprinting for Differentiation of American Cranberry Cultivars

Fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometric (FCMS) fingerprinting methods in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA) were developed for phenolic profiling and differentiation of American cranberry cultivars. Two FCMS fingerprinting methods, ion mobility fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometric (imFCMS) and conventional FCMS, are compared in the study. PCA and SIMCA successfully differentiated the cultivars with both methods. The six cultivars used formed three distinct groups in the PCA score plots, and each group contained one wild selection cultivar and its genetically related hybrid(s). Compared with FCMS fingerprinting, imFCMS fingerprinting provided better intra-cultivar sample clustering and inter-cultivar sample separation in PCA and superior sample classification sensitivity in SIMCA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC–HRMS) analysis was conducted on selected samples to profile the phenolic difference between the cultivars. Compound identification using UPLC–HRMS revealed that flavonoid compounds, including flavonol glycosides, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, are major components that contribute to the phenolic profile variation among cultivars.
Immune myopathy with large histiocyte-related myofiber necrosis.

Objective To describe the features of a new, pathologically distinctive, acquired myopathy with an unusual pattern of scattered necrotic muscle fibers that are neighbored, surrounded, or invaded, by large, often multinucleated, histiocytic cells. Methods Retrospective review of records and muscle pathology of 4 patients. Results Clinical features common to our patients included muscle pain and proximal, symmetric, moderate to severe, weakness in the arms and legs progressing over 1–4 weeks. Patients had other associated systemic disorders, including anemia in all, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hepatic disease, Raynaud phenomenon, metastatic cancer, and cardiomyopathy, in 1 patient each. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels at presentation were very high, ranging from 10,000 to 102,000 U/L. Three patients improved within 3 months after treatment. Muscle pathology included scattered necrotic muscle fibers with cytoplasm that stained for C5b-9 complement, especially around fiber peripheries, pale on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and often dark on hematoxylin & eosin. Large, often multinucleated, cells with features of histiocytes, including anatomical features on electron microscopy and immunostaining for major histocompatibility complex Class I and histiocyte markers (HAM56, CD68, CD163, and S100), were usually closely apposed to the surface of, or invaded, necrotic myofibers. Conclusions Patients with large-histiocyte-associated myopathy (LHIM) had a subacute onset of proximal predominant weakness, associated systemic disorders, very high serum CK, and a pathologically distinctive pattern of large histiocyte-associated muscle fiber necrosis. LHIM may be caused by an autoimmune, histiocyte-mediated attack directed against muscle fibers.
‘Eco this and recycle that’: an ecolinguistic analysis of a popular digital simulation game

This article presents an ecolinguistic analysis of a popular digital simulation game, Animal Crossing: New Leaf (2012). As the popularity and immersive capability of digital gaming continues to exp...
Increasing Recognition Distance and Assessing Generalized Effects in Visually Impaired Persons

Earlier studies with behavioral procedures demonstrated increased recognition efficiency after training at distances greater than initially obtained on visual acuity tests. These changes have been ...
The Illusive World

The world is a lie, at least according to what I tell my students in my sensory ecology class. What we believe to be the world, the one we perceive with our senses, is at best an incomplete version of reality. Our limited sensory capability, coupled with the perceptual biases and filtering of the neural networks in our brain, constructs a world that really isn’t there. Yet, it is there for me, and I believe that everything I sense to be the truth. Every story in this book has demonstrated that this truth is a pale comparison to an unbiased reality. When I see a red rose, insects do not. When I bend to smell its fragrance, the aroma is not the same for mice. When I prick my finger on its thorn, the fox feels something different. In essence, the fox, mice, and insects live in different worlds than I do.
DNA Sequences Involved in the Rearrangement and Expression of the Murine c-myc Gene

The characteristic chromosomal translocation found in many B cell tumors results in the joining of a c-myc oncogene (from murine chromosome 15) to an immunoglobulin heavy chain switch region (chromosome 12—Perry, 1983; Robertson, 1983). This translocation has several consequences. One is that the c-myc gene is frequently truncated, losing part or all of its 5′-most exon (Stanton et al., 1983; ar-Rushdi, et al., 1983; Gelman, et al., 1983; Saito, et al., 1983). A second is increased transcription of the truncated c-myc gene; this transcription often originates from adventitious promotors in the first intron (Stanton, et al., 1983; Hamlyn and Rabbitts, 1983; Mushinski et al., 1983; Adams et al., 1983; Erikson, et al., 1983a). Many have hypothesized that a third consequence of this rearrangement is oncogenesis. In virtually all chicken lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus, the c-myc gene has been activated by proviral insertion (Hayward, et al., 1981). On the other hand, in erythroblastoid tumors induced by the same virus, c-myc is never activated (however, c-erb is activated—Fung, et al., 1983). The conclusion from chickens, that activation of c-myc is necessary for lymphomagenesis, would also seem to apply to activation of murine c-myc by translocation.
The Identification, Recovery, and Reintegration of Victims of Child Trafficking within ASEAN: An Exploratory Study of Knowledge Gaps and Emerging Challenges

Child trafficking is a critical public health and human rights issue within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Efforts to ensure the timely identification, successful recovery, and...
Long-term low shear-induced highly viscous waxy potato starch gel formed through intermolecular double helices.

Abstract We previously reported that waxy potato and corn starch amylopectin pastes undergo a shear-thickening behavior that occurs at a low shear rate range of 5 to 25 s−1, and that the effect did not occur for waxy rice starch. Here, we show that the same gelatinized potato amylopectin subjected to a prolonged shear rate of 20 s−1 for 24 h at 5 °C forms a highly viscous gel having a 4-fold higher number of double helices than without shear. Shear-induced starch retrograded aggregates began forming within 20 min of treatment. Amylopectin double helices melted between 40–75 °C resulting in a steep decrease in the storage modulus, indicating that gel formation was caused by intermolecular double helices. Thus, a new phenomenon is reported whereby a waxy potato amylopectin paste, in the presence of long-term low shear, forms double-helical aggregated structures that considerably affects the material’s rheological properties.
Pager Triage Training Increases Resident Confidence and the Efficiency of the Admission Process

Background: Pediatric residents at Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) do not receive skill-building opportunities on pager triage for inpatient admissions. Yet by the time they become attending physicians, they are expected to be competent in triaging patients to appropriate hospital resources. In 2014, Biondi et al recently found that allowing pediatric residents to triage admissions from the emergency department (ED) resulted in improved efficiency and no harm to quality of care. With education and experience residents can learn how to triage admissions effectively and safely and improve …
UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) – a versatile instrument for trace gas measurements on airborne platforms

Abstract. UCATS (the UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species) was designed and built for observations of important atmospheric trace gases from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Initially it measured major chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the stratospheric transport tracers nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Compact commercial absorption spectrometers for ozone (O 3 ) and water vapor (H 2 O) were added to enhance its capabilities on platforms with relatively small payloads. UCATS has since been reconfigured to measure methane (CH 4 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) instead of CFCs and has undergone numerous upgrades to its subsystems. It has served as part of large payloads on stratospheric UAS missions to probe the tropical tropopause region and transport of air into the stratosphere; in piloted aircraft studies of greenhouse gases, transport, and chemistry in the troposphere; and in 2021 is scheduled to return to the study of stratospheric ozone and halogen compounds, one of its original goals. Each deployment brought different challenges, which were largely met or resolved. The design, capabilities, modifications, and some results from UCATS are shown and described here, including changes for future missions.
In with the new and, mostly better: Considering the OPTN blood-borne virus policy updates

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) has recently updated their policies1 related to donors with risk criteria for blood-borne viruses (BBV) and their organ recipients to align with the 2020 U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) guidelines2 . Some of the new policies are anticipated to offer benefits, such as mandating hepatitis B virus vaccination in transplant candidates. Other new policies raise challenges with transplant candidate BBV screening, nomenclature, and the consent process. We would like to highlight some of these issues and discuss potential solutions.
Nanoscale Multiband Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Multiresonant Nanolaminate Plasmonics

By supporting multiple hybridized plasmonic modes within individual nanocavities, metal-insulator-metal nanolaminate plasmonic nanostructures on nanopillar arrays can enable nanoscale multiband SERS with large enhancement factors (> 106) over a wide visible to near-infrared spectral range.
Is Sharing Really Caring? The Effect of Airbnb on the Affordability of Housing

We examine the impact of peer-to-peer (P2P) short-term rentals on housing affordability. Using a simple model we illustrate that, although growth in the short-term rental market leads to higher housing prices, home-sharing profits can offset increased housing costs. That is, we show the net effect of the rise of platforms like Airbnb on housing affordability is theoretically ambiguous. To address this ambiguity empirically, we leverage city-level registration requirements that substantially increase the cost of hosting on Airbnb to estimate the effect of policy enforcement on the Airbnb market and the corresponding effects on home prices and foreclosures. Using data on Airbnb listings and transactions from the San Francisco and Chicago metro areas, we find that enforcing registration requirements on Airbnb listings within the city limits of Chicago and San Francisco reduces Airbnb supply and bookings by 40% relative to untreated areas within the two metros. We also find substantial heterogeneity in these effects, with the largest shocks experienced by zip codes with the highest per-capita density of Airbnb listings. Using the same identification strategy with transaction-level data from Zillow on home sales and foreclosures, we find that home prices decline by roughly 10% in the most Airbnb-dense zip codes while foreclosures in these same zip codes increase by almost 20%. These findings suggest that, while growth in P2P short-term rental markets increases housing prices, it may also improve individuals' ability to avoid negative financial outcomes like foreclosure.
The Role of Step Coverage Modeling in Blanket Tungsten LPCVD Process Development

Diffusion-reaction modeling of step coverage in low pressure hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride has assumed multiple roles in blanket tungsten process development. The model provides a framework for understanding the underlying phenomena which control step coverage, and has allowed the development of qualitative processing rules of thumb for the impact of process parameters on step coverage. These rules suggest that high pressure operation should yield both conformation step coverage in high aspect ratio features and the high deposition rates required in modern single wafer reactors, a prediction subsequently borne out by experiment. In addition, the model has been used to predict the optimum hydrogen to tungsten hexafluoride partial pressure ratio to maximize step coverage; this ratio is significantly lower than that typically employed commercially. Lastly, the model can be used to synthesize novel process concepts.
Effect of a Non-Peptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist on the Elevated Blood Pressure of Cold-Exposed Rats

Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that rats exposed chronically to 5°C develop hypertension, including elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy (1,2). The renin-angiotensin (RA) system is believed to play a role in initiating the elevation of blood pressure since plasma renin activity (PRA) increases within the first 3 weeks of exposure to cold, but declines to control level thereafter (3). The mechanism(s) that maintain the cold-induced elevation of blood pressure is unknown. The present experiment was designed to assess the role of the RA system in the maintenance of cold-induced hypertension by chronic treatment of rats with the non-peptide angiotensin II (AngII) receptor antagonist, losartan potassium.
Bisexuality Revealed through Infidelity Elicits Behavioral Immune Response in Women

Bisexual behavior elicits more negative responses when it is exhibited by men than when it is exhibited by women. Prior research has shown that women, but not men, are more likely to want to end heterosexual relationships when they find out their partners have had a same-sex affair versus an other-sex affair. This research sought to replicate such finding among heterosexual women using forced-choice measures as well as continuous measures. Further, this study examined whether reactions indicative of a behavioral immune response (i.e., feelings of disgust and pathogen fears) were more prevalent when a woman considered a partner's same-sex infidelity. Results showed support for increased behavioral intentions to end a relationship over a same-sex affair using forced-choice measures, especially among conservative participants, and that such intentions are accompanied by increased disgust and pathogen concern. Implications for bisexuals and men who have sex with men generally are discussed.
Self-care and quality of life among patients with heart failure

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to determine if there were specific self-care deficits among patients with heart failure at the time of discharge in an acute care setting, which may be related to a decreased quality of life. Data Sources: Patients admitted with acute, chronic congestive heart failure were recruited to complete both the Self-care of Heart Failure Index and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted to determine if there were any significant relationships between self-care abilities and quality of life. Conclusions: Results from this study were promising as “self-care confidence” and perceived better health were found to be significantly related to improved quality of life. Heart failure is a chronic disease that requires patients to develop confidence in their self-care abilities to maintain and improve quality of life. Implications for practice: Findings from this research study suggest that nurse practitioners need to first identify patients with heart failure who lack the self-care confidence required to manage their condition at home, and then focus on specific educational interventions to build confidence in self-care prior to discharge.
Economics of software Product Lines

Software Product Lines (SPL) offer tremendous potential to improve a company’s competitive position and responsiveness to changing market needs. However, unless the full benefits and costs are well understood by executive-level stakeholders, the probability of success will be low. An SPL economic analysis framework is presented that is based on the author’s experience with SPL adoption at Convergys. While derived from the Convergys experience, it is hoped that this framework will be of value to other companies contemplating a transition to an SPL.
Children Left Behind: The Effect of Major League Baseball on Education in the Dominican Republic

Major League Baseball (MLB) employs over a thousand Dominican high school-aged boys in twenty-nine baseball academies around the impoverished country. Thousands of boys devote their young lives to the sport, because they view baseball as the only way off the island. Bird-dog scouts, known locally as ‘buscones', scour the Dominican countryside in search of talented middle school-aged boys. They do this in an effort to train them in an unofficial baseball training facility until they reach the age of sixteen, the legal signing age. At that time, buscones sell their commodities to the highest bidder. Once the boys get sold to a MLB team, they spend every waking hour playing baseball in the team's baseball academy. The boys are either sent to the U.S. to play baseball or left in the dust. An estimated ninety-seven percent of these boys get left behind. These boys find themselves without an education and without hope for a productive future. This article is written for them. This article discusses three topics: (1) MLB's effect on education in the Dominican Republic (DR); (2) the international legal standards that protect a child's right to an education; and (3) whether MLB has a legal obligation as a U.S. based multinational corporation (MNC) to provide a formal education to the children it employs in the DR. This article calls for MLB to enact a corporate policy that provides a formal education to all of its teams' Dominican child-employees within the baseball academies and offers two solutions that MLB should follow in order to avoid legal liability and to avoid negative publicity in the court of public opinion.
On the Study of Judicial Behaviors: Of Law, Politics, Science and Humility

In this paper, which was prepared to help set the stage at an interdisciplinary conference held at the University of Indiana (Bloomington) in March, I first briefly review what I take to be the key events and developments in the history of the study of judicial behavior in legal scholarship, with attention to corresponding developments in political science. I identify obstacles to cooperation in the past - such as indifference, professional self-interest and methodological imperialism - as well as precedents for cross-fertilization in the future. Second, drawing on extensive reading in the political science and legal literatures concerning judicial behavior, I seek to identify the most important lessons that we have learned, or should have learned, to date, as the springboard for progress in the future. The first lesson is that the relationship between law and judicial politics (as I define them) is not monolithic; it varies among courts and, even on the same court, among cases. As a result, we should speak of “judicial behaviors” rather than “judicial behavior.” The second lesson is that there is no dichotomy between law and judicial politics; they are complements, each needing (or relying on) the other. The third lesson is that the mix of law and judicial politics on any given court does or should result from institutional design decisions that reflect what the polity wants from that court. Finally, I argue that, because the relevance of the enterprise in which we are engaged and its stakes transcend the world of scholarship, scholars who work in this area bear a special burden of responsibility.
Evaluation of Learning Group Approaches for Fostering Integrated Cropping Systems Management

Cropping systems management requires integration of multiple forms of knowledge, practice, and learning by farmers, extension educators, and researchers. We evaluated the outcomes of participation in collaborative learning groups organized to address cropping systems and, specifically, challenges of integrated weed management. Groups were constituted to focus on two different cropping systems: fresh-market vegetables and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (both in rotation with other crops). Participants in the learning groups included farmers (representing a wide array of production philosophies), extension educators, and university faculty with extension, resident instruction, and research responsibilities. Interviews were conducted to assess the value of the learning groups and how they influenced participants to alter practices in support of integrated crop and weed management. Farmer participants reported an increased capacity to implement integrated approaches to management, resulting in part from changes in self-esteem, enhanced decisionmaking capabilities, and increased awareness of available resources. Extension educators reported that learning group participation increased their ability to use facilitative education methods. University research and teaching faculty also noted enhanced effectiveness from participation in the learning group project. Evidence was obtained that learning groups foster knowledge creation and transformational learning and that they can be more effective than conventional (lecture-based) approaches for achieving such outcomes.
A Framework for Cloud-based Energy Evaluation and Management for Sustainable Decision Support in the Built Environments

Abstract This paper introduces a framework which can advance traditional building auditing and energy management methods in terms of cost, convenience of automatic and remote data (e.g., 3D geometry and thermal values) collection, system control, and comprehension and dissemination of results using a proposed cloud-based software as a service (CSaaS) system as a decision support tool. The decision support tool can help decision makers improve their buildings by providing reliable and visualized information of the building's energy performance through an easy-to-use interactive virtual evaluation system in a publicly accessible cyberspace. The proposed open decision-support platform is expected to ultimately reduce the public's energy consumption and invigorate the nation's economy by vitalizing sustainable product manufacture and retrofit construction industries.
Separating graft-versus-leukemia from graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Routine methods to maximize the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) activity of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without the detrimental effects of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are lacking. Depletion or inhibition of alloreactive T cells is partially effective in preventing GvHD, but usually leads to decreased GvL activity. The current model for the pathophysiology of acute GvHD describes a series of immune pathways that lead to activation of donor T cells and inflammatory cytokines responsible for tissue damage in acute GvHD. This model does not account for how allotransplant can lead to GvL effects without GvHD, or how the initial activation of donor immune cells may lead to counter-regulatory effects that limit GvHD. In this review, we will summarize new findings that support a more complex model for the initiation of GvHD and GvL activities in allogeneic HSCT, and discuss the potential of novel strategies to enhance GvL activity of the transplant.
Mammalian Variations on a Theme: A Smo and Sufu Surprise

Hedgehog signaling plays a critical role during development and tumorigenesis. While much mechanistic insight has come from pathway investigations in the fruit fly, recent studies suggest a distinct mammalian strategy for signaling from Smoothened to Gli through the novel protein Suppressor of Fused that may have therapeutic implications.
Is parenthood a desirable adult role? An assessment of attitudes held by contemporary women

The purpose of this study was to explore contemporary women's perception of parenthood. The attitudes toward parenthood of 213 undergraduate females enrolled in family or women's studies courses were measured by an 11-item Likert-type scale. Major findings include (a) the expectation that parenthood will be among the subjects' adult roles, but will be delayed; (2) a rejection of the idea that motherhood is a prerequisite to women's happiness and fullfillment; (3) a confused perception of the effect of parenthood on the male; and (4) a suggestion that although these young women intend to parent, they assess their preparation to do so as limited.