cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Tubular Resection of Lumbar Synovial Cysts: Report of 40 Consecutive Cases.

Background Lumbar synovial cysts are a relatively common clinical finding. Surgical treatment of symptomatic synovial cysts includes computed tomography–guided aspiration, open resection and minimally invasive tubular resection. We report our series of 40 consecutive minimally invasive microscopic tubular lumbar synovial cyst resections. Methods Following Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective analysis of 40 cases of minimally invasive microscopic tubular retractor synovial cyst resections at a single institution by a single surgeon (B.D.B.) was conducted. Gross total resection was performed in all cases. Results Patient characteristics, surgical operating time, complications, and outcomes were analyzed. Lumbar radiculopathy was the presenting symptoms in all but 1 patient, who presented with neurogenic claudication. The mean duration of symptoms was 6.5 months (range, 1–25 months), mean operating time was 58 minutes (range, 25–110 minutes), and mean blood loss was 20 mL (range, 5–50 mL). Seven patients required overnight observation. The median length of stay in the remaining 33 patients was 4 hours. There were 2 cerebrospinal fluid leaks repaired directly without sequelae. The mean follow-up duration was 80.7 months. Outcomes were good or excellent in 37 of the 40 patients, fair in 1 patient, and poor in 2 patients. Conclusions Minimally invasive microscopic tubular retractor resection of lumbar synovial cysts can be done safely and with comparable outcomes and complication rates as open procedures with potentially reduced operative time, length of stay, and healthcare costs. Patient selection for microscopic tubular synovial cyst resection is based in part on the anatomy of the spine and synovial cyst and is critical when recommending minimally invasive vs. open resection to patients.
Emerson on Religion

On 21 December 1834 Emerson wrote in his Journal: ‘Blessed is the day when the youth discovers that Within and Above are synonyms.’1 The identity of ‘within and above’ is emblematic of Emerson’s understanding of the origin and nature of religion. This insight celebrates a sense of certainty that Emerson attained after years of doubt and inner conflict concerning religion that culminated in his 28 October 1832 decision to resign from the pulpit of the Second Church of Boston less than four years after his ordination.2 This decision reflected his dissatisfaction with the Boston Unitarians as well as his determination to define religious experience independent of denominational orthodoxy. In 1832 during the summer before his resignation he struggled to come to a better understanding of the nature of religion and of his task as minister to a congregation. He wrote, ‘What is the message that is given me to communicate next Sunday? Religion in the mind is not credulity & in the practice is not form. It is a life. It is the order & soundness of a man. It is not something else to be got, to be added, but it is a new life of those faculties you have. It is to do right. It is to love, it is to serve, it is to think, it is to be humble’ (JMN 4:27).
Recruiting the under-represented : The science links experience

SUMMARY “Science Links” is a program funded by a grant from the Institute of Library and Museum Services to recruit and educate ten diverse students with strong science and technology backgrounds or interests to the field of science librarianship. This paper described the recruitment phase of the project, launched in the summer of 2005. Although national in scope, a key component of the recruitment process was an active public relations campaign that targeted students at Historically Black Colleges & Universities in the southeast. Six librarians from underrepresented groups employed at the University of Tennessee, along with the Co-Principal Investigators for the grant, explain the strategies used to identify and select institutions likely to produce a high number of applicants for on-site visits. Obstacles, challenges, and unanticipated issues faced during the recruitment phase are also addressed. Designed to be a collaborative effort, the program emphasizes the importance of partnerships in achieving su...
Association strength of verb-noun combinations in experienced NS and less experienced NNS writing: Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings

Abstract This study combined longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches to examine the development of verb-noun combinations in English writing. Using a longitudinal approach, I explored the development of the association strength of verb-noun combinations in NNS writing followed by a cross-sectional comparison between the texts of less experienced NNS writers and those of more experienced NS writers to reveal different patterns of collocation use between the two groups. Fifty-one ESL learners composed six essays (three narrative and three argumentative essays) over one semester and 46 NS writers composed two essays (one for each genre). Using a reference corpus and corpus analysis tools, I extracted all verb-noun combinations from 398 essays, and calculated their mutual information and frequency. NNS writers showed no changes of association strength in either genre over time. A comparison between the NS and NNS groups revealed a significant difference of association strength in argumentative writing, but not in narrative writing. I examined these findings further with qualitative analyses. Both NS and NNS groups exhibited heavy reliance on high-frequency collocations, but NNS writers underused low-frequency collocations in their writing. Distinct features of frequent and infrequent collocations point to important pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research.
DNA Mismatch Repair

The DNA replication machinery synthesizes ~500 DNA base pairs every second in bacteria and ~50 base pairs every second in eukaryotes [1]. Mismatches can occur in a newly synthesized DNA due to misincorporation of nucleotides by DNA polymerase or slippage during DNA replication. Mismatches in DNA can also occur during genetic recombination or chemical modifications due to metabolic processes and environmental factors such as various types of ionizing radiation. The cells have evolved a complex network of repair pathway called mismatch repair pathway (MMR) to identify and correct the mistakes that escape DNA polymerase proofreading.
Competition and Complementarity between Global and Regional Human Rights Institutions

Fragmentation and competition between global and regional institutions are not among the major issues that threaten the regime. There are three ways in which tensions nonetheless arise. First, consistent with the universalist aspirations of human rights, global conventions have played a focal role in verbally defining rights. This masks considerable cross-regional and intra-regional differences in how rights should be interpreted. Second, judicialization of human rights has mostly occurred at the regional level. This occasionally creates inconsistencies with the global regime. Third, rights concerns often encroach on other areas of international cooperation, including security, trade, and development. This raises similar issues of forum shopping as in the other issue areas, for example because some governments may shop for trade agreements or development loans with fewer rights conditions.
What Health Care Providers Know and How They Communicate Breast Cancer Risk to Patients

Racial disparities in breast cancer mortality continue, partly due to higher prevalence of an aggressive breast cancer subtype called basal-like breast cancer (BBC) in African-Americans. Health care providers (HCPs) are uniquely positioned to discuss cancer risk and prevention with patients. We investigated breast cancer knowledge and risk communication among HCPs to identify factors that influenced communication with patients. Interviews were conducted with 34 HCPs in North Carolina. We found limited evidence of breast cancer risk education, and specific subtypes of breast cancer were not discussed. Barriers to communication about prevention include limited time, perceived patient receptivity and education level, and scientific misinformation. Factors that prompted discussions included patient characteristics (age, race, and socioeconomic status). To broaden the conversation, HCPs must receive and communicate more accurate information on breast cancer risk. Given these barriers to breast cancer education, additional opportunities to intervene with high-risk populations must be identified.
Throughput optimization and resource allocation on GPUs under multi-application execution

Platform heterogeneity prevails as a solution to the throughput and computational challenges imposed by parallel applications and technology scaling. Specifically, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are based on the Single Instruction Multiple Thread (SIMT) paradigm and they can offer tremendous speedup for parallel applications. However, GPUs were designed to execute a single application at a time. In case of simultaneous multi-application execution, due to the GPUs' massive multi-threading paradigm, applications compete against each other using destructively the shared resources (caches and memory controllers) resulting in significant throughput degradation. In this paper, a methodology for minimizing interference in shared resources and provide efficient concurrent execution of multiple applications on GPUs is presented. Particularly, the proposed methodology (i) performs application classification; (ii) analyzes the per-class interference; (iii) finds the best matching between classes; and (iv) employs an efficient resource allocation. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach increases the throughput of the system for two concurrent applications by an average of 36% compared to the default execution and 10% compared to an exahustive profile-based optimization technique.
Felis bengalensis (Leopard cat)

Skin biopsies of two animals at the National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., USA, were used for initiation of cultures. The karyotypes differ from Fells catus (Folio 31, Vol. 1) in that Felis bengalensis has one less pair of acrocentric autosomes. The satellited pair (El) is the same as in the domestic cat. The Y chromosome is the smallest chromosome and nearly metacentric.
Biologics and Small Molecule Agents in Allergic and Immunologic Skin Diseases

Biologics and small molecules are key therapeutic options in the treatment of chronic immunologic and allergic skin conditions. By directly targeting innate and inflammatory responses within the skin, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular signaling pathways, these new agents have the potential to counteract the inflammatory cascade responsible for various conditions, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Over the past decade, groundbreaking research identifying key cytokines and receptors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases has allowed for the development of highly efficacious biologics and small molecules that are associated with unprecedented rates of skin clearance and favorable adverse event profiles. This narrative review evaluates new and upcoming biologic and small molecule agents for the treatment of two allergic/immunologic skin diseases—atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Numerous small molecules and biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-12/23, IL-17 and IL-17R, and IL-23 are commercially available for the treatment of psoriasis, and newer agents are in various stages of development. Currently, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-4R∝, is the only approved biologic for atopic dermatitis. Antibodies targeting IL-13 and IL-31 and small molecules that inhibit Janus kinase and pruritus-mediating receptors are currently being studied in clinical trials. Further investigations into the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis will likely yield additional therapeutic options in the future. This article reviews recent literature on small molecules and biologics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Impact of biochar on water retention of two agricultural soils - A multi-scale analysis

Abstract The ability of soil to retain water under drought and other extreme hydrological events is critical to the sustainability of food production systems and preserving soil ecosystem services. We investigated the impact of biochar on water retention properties in California agricultural soils in a series of column, lab incubation, and field studies. Results from studies based on similar variables (soil, biochar) were used to demonstrate the impact of biochar on soil-water relations at different scales. The influences of biochar type (softwood, 600–700 °C, low surface area; walnut shell, 900 °C, high surface area), application rate (0, 0.5, 1% wt.), and particle diameter (0–0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 mm) were investigated. Only the higher surface area biochar increased the field capacity of a sandy soil. Neither biochar, altered the field capacity of the higher clay content soil. The walnut shell biochar with 1–2 mm particle diameter was more effective at increasing field capacity in sandy soils compare to smaller biochar size fractions. Neither biochar affected the wilting point in either soil. Neutron imaging was used to explore potential mechanisms involved in water retention by observing the spatial and temporal distribution of water in and surrounding biochar particles (~ 2 mm diameter). After wetting, water retained in the internal pores of biochar was continuously released to surrounding space (~ 2.2 mm sphere) during a 7-day air drying at room temperature, suggesting that soil water retention is improved via the biochar's intraparticle structure. In the field trial, (6 yr., corn-tomato rotation), neither walnut shell biochar amendment (10 t/ ha, equivalent to 0.5% wt. in lab scale experiments) nor agricultural management practices (organic, conventional) altered the water retention capacity of a silty clay loam soil. These data suggest that biochars with a high pore volume can temporarily increase the field capacity and plant available water in a coarse-textured soil, until biochar internal pores are filled by clay and soil organic matter. Our results suggest that biochar can have a limited impact on soil water retention when biochar pore volume is low, or soil texture is fine. High dosage (≥10 t/ha) of high pore volume biochar with bulky particle size (≥1 mm) can improve water retention of coarse-textured soil with limited capacity of water storage and may improve soil's resilience during hydrological extremes.
Seven Pillars of Biology Literacy: A Proposal for What Secondary School Teachers Might Teach & What College Instructors Should Reinforce

Recently, while serving on a panel at a state science-teacher conference, I was asked to describe what secondary school biology teachers should do to best prepare students for college . This seemed a particularly intriguing question, because in a former life I taught middle and high school biology and I now teach biology courses for majors and nonmajors at a large state university. I also quickly recognized that I couldn't fully address this important issue quickly; thus, I am very pleased to have the opportunity to do so here. Of course, this is not a definitive list but rather a conversation-starter for me – and, hopefully, for ABT readers. Immediately, I had more questions than answers! What is this work we call biology? How should educators tell the story of life? What are the major milestones in biological discovery that expanded our knowledge of life on Earth? What role, if any, should the grand narrative of the formation of the universe and complexity play in biology education? What does it mean to be human? Students need content, but they also require skills and even …
Assessing Sufficient Social Exemplars for Students with Autism.

Three children with autism from a self-contained elementary special education class participated in daily W-min free-play sessions with 15 nondisabled 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade peers from the same school in three social interaction groups. After a baseline period, one of the peers was trained to appropriately interact with the student with autism. During the first phase of the intervention, this trained peer and the student with autism joined four other nontrained peers for play activities. Subsequently, each peer in the group received training sequentially so that the treatment phases reflected one trained, two trained, three trained, four trained, and five trained peers interacting with the student with autism in that same group of six. For each of the three groups, generalized interactions with nontrained peers were observed after the introduction of the third trained peer. Qualitative as well as quantitative changes in social interaction were documented.
The Rabl configuration limits topological entanglement of chromosomes in budding yeast

The three dimensional organization of genomes remains mostly unknown due to their high degree of condensation. Biophysical studies predict that condensation promotes the topological entanglement of chromatin fibers and the inhibition of function. How organisms balance between functionally active genomes and a high degree of condensation remains to be determined. Here we hypothesize that the Rabl configuration, characterized by the attachment of centromeres and telomeres to the nuclear envelope, helps to reduce the topological entanglement of chromosomes. To test this hypothesis we developed a novel method to quantify chromosome entanglement complexity in 3D reconstructions obtained from Chromosome Conformation Capture (CCC) data. Applying this method to published data of the yeast genome, we show that computational models implementing the attachment of telomeres or centromeres alone are not sufficient to obtain the reduced entanglement complexity observed in 3D reconstructions. It is only when the centromeres and telomeres are attached to the nuclear envelope (i.e. the Rabl configuration) that the complexity of entanglement of the genome is comparable to that of the 3D reconstructions. We therefore suggest that the Rabl configuration is an essential player in the simplification of the entanglement of chromatin fibers.
Principles of Soft Tissue Engineering for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction

Craniomaxillofacial soft tissue reconstruction is necessary to restore tissue defects caused by trauma, diseases, tumor removal, or congenital abnormality. The use of autologous native tissue will cause a second morbidity to the patient, especially when a large native tissue is required to repair the defect. The application of autologous tissue-engineered devices becomes a logical therapeutic consideration. The recent successful identification of oral and skin stem/progenitor cells and the improvement of scaffolds make it possible to manufacture various types of soft tissue-engineered devices and provide surgeons the materials to restore different areas of soft tissue defects. For craniomaxillofacial soft tissue reconstruction, we should consider esthetics and function in addition to merely anatomical tissue restoration. The ex vivo manufacture and post-manufacture manipulation of the tissue-engineered devices to create a custom-designed product before implantation into a recipient are important to achieve these goals. In this chapter, we report and discuss the concepts and protocols for craniomaxillofacial soft tissue reconstruction with special emphasis on tissue engineering functional human lips.
GWAS of Over 427,000 Individuals Establishes GABAergic and Synaptic Molecular Pathways as Key for Cognitive Executive Functions

Abstract Executive functions (EFs) are top-down cognitive control mechanisms that direct goal-orientated behaviors. EF deficits are associated with psychopathology and neurological disorders, but little is known about the molecular bases of EF individual differences. Existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of EFs used small sample sizes and/or individual tasks, which are mixtures of higher and lower order cognitive mechanisms. To remedy these limitations, we conducted a GWAS of a “Common EF” (cEF) factor based on multiple tasks in the UK Biobank (N=93,027-427,037), finding 299 independent loci. Gene-based analysis found synaptic, potassium channel and GABA pathways associated with cEF. cEF genetically correlated with almost all psychiatric traits and with behavioral and health outcomes. These patterns of genetic correlations were different than those previously found for intelligence. Our results suggest that cEF is neurologically complex and that fast-neuronal processes form a basis for genetically influenced cognitive outcomes in health and psychiatric dysfunction.
Associations of P2RX7 Functional Diplotypes with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis.

Aim:The purpose of this study was to test for the role of the P2X7 receptor in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP).Methods:Peripheral blood was obtained from 95 subjects with LAP and 76 health...
Degree- chow parameters robustly determine degree- PTFs (and algorithmic applications)

The degree-d Chow parameters of a Boolean function are its degree at most d Fourier coefficients. It is well-known that degree-d Chow parameters uniquely characterize degree-d polynomial threshold functions (PTFs) within the space of all bounded functions. In this paper, we prove a robust version of this theorem: For f any Boolean degree-d PTF and g any bounded function, if the degree-d Chow parameters of f are close to the degree-d Chow parameters of g in l2-norm, then f is close to g in l1-distance. Notably, our bound relating the two distances is independent of the dimension. That is, we show that Boolean degree-d PTFs are robustly identifiable from their degree-d Chow parameters. No non-trivial bound was previously known for d >1. Our robust identifiability result gives the following algorithmic applications: First, we show that Boolean degree-d PTFs can be efficiently approximately reconstructed from approximations to their degree-d Chow parameters. This immediately implies that degree-d PTFs are efficiently learnable in the uniform distribution d-RFA model. As a byproduct of our approach, we also obtain the first low integer-weight approximations of degree-d PTFs, for d>1. As our second application, our robust identifiability result gives the first efficient algorithm, with dimension-independent error guarantees, for malicious learning of Boolean degree-d PTFs under the uniform distribution. The proof of our robust identifiability result involves several new technical ingredients, including the following structural result for degree-d multivariate polynomials with very poor anti-concentration: If p is a degree-d polynomial where p(x) is very close to 0 on a large number of points in { ± 1 }n, then there exists a degree-d hypersurface that exactly passes though almost all of these points. We leverage this structural result to show that if the degree-d Chow distance between f and g is small, then we can find many degree-d polynomials that vanish on their disagreement region, and in particular enough that forces the l1-distance between f and g to also be small. To implement this proof strategy, we require additional technical ideas. In particular, in the d=2 case we show that for any large vector space of degree-2 polynomials with a large number of common zeroes, there exists a linear function that vanishes on almost all of these zeroes. The degree-d degree generalization of this statement is significantly more complex, and can be viewed as an effective version of Hilbert’s Basis Theorem for our setting.
Über die Bedeutung der Umweltbedingungen für den Selbstmord

Die Fulle der vorgelegten Befunde mag verwirrend erscheinen. Dennoch sind Abhangigkeiten vorhanden, die — in den ubergeordneten Zusammenhang der historischen Entwicklung des Selbstmordes gestellt — einerseits Konstanz, andererseits aber auch Wandlung erkennen lassen.
An Evaluation of Ibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen for Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis and Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis

The purpose of this investigation was to compare ibuprofen versus an ibuprofen/acetaminophen combination for postoperative pain control in a patient model specific to teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. One hundred and two patients presenting with moderate to severe pain from a maxillary or mandibular posterior tooth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were included. Following local anesthetic administration, complete endodontic cleaning and shaping was performed. Patients were randomly assigned to receive identically appearing tablets of ibuprofen 200 mg or a combination of ibuprofen 200 mg/acetaminophen 216.7 mg with instructions to take 3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain. Patients were also given a prescription for an escape medication to take if the study medications did not adequately control their pain. A 4-day diary was used to record pain ratings and medication use. Moderate to severe pain was experienced by 59-61% of the patients on postoperative day 1 and 50-57% of the patients on day 2, with the pain ratings decreasing over the next 2 days. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative pain, percussion pain, or medication use. There was no difference between ibuprofen and the combination of ibuprofen/acetaminophen in the reduction of postoperative pain following endodontic debridement in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.
TAZeR: Hiding the Cost of Remote I/O in Distributed Scientific Workflows

Many scientific workflows access data derived from specialized instruments. When the data is analyzed, it is accessed over wide area networks, creating bottlenecks from long access latencies. We ask the question: assuming that data must be accessed remotely, can latencies be hidden without application change? We present TAZeR, a remote I/O framework that reduces effective data access latency. TAZeR transparently converts POSIX I/O into operations that interleave application work with data transfer, i.e., read prefetching and write stage-out. TAZeR ensures read data moves directly to application memory without synchronous intervention (soft zero-copy). TAZeR uses distributed bandwidth-aware staging to exploit data reuse across application tasks and to manage the capacity constraints of fast hierarchical storage. We evaluate TAZeR on a High Energy Physics workflow where two 1 Gb/s WAN links request remote data at 48 Gb/s using non-streaming access patterns. TAZeR is $12 \times $ and $22 \times $ faster than XRootD (state-of-the-art) and file copies (current approach), respectively; and within 7% of optimal. We explore conditions under which TAZeR can hide I/O accesses by showing performance as effective staging sizes change.
La Recepción de la Obra Freireana en la Ciudad de Nueva York

RESUMEN: El articulo tiene dos objetivos. Primero, se rastreara la recepcion de la obra freireana en la Universidad de la ciudad de Nueva York (CUNY) durante los setenta y los ochenta, como fue traducido conceptualmente por Ira Shor. En este marco, se desarrollara el contexto en el cual Shor trabajaba y como Shor empezo a combinar la pedagogia de Freire con sus propios metodos para el desarrollo del pensamiento criticos de estudiantes. Segundo, se describira la influencia actual de Freire en la pedagogia y en la sociolinguistica. Se mostrara que la filosofia freireana todavia tiene un gran influencia en las practicas pedagogicas de los educadores criticos en los Estados Unidos y que ha provisto un vocabulario teorico para seguir descubriendo cuestiones politicas e ideologicas y en el aula a traves de la investigacion del lenguaje cotidiano que estudiantes llevan consigo a la universidad. Palabras clave : Pedagogia critica. Ira Shor. Freire. Translinguismo. ABSTRACT: This article has two objectives. First, it will follow the reception of Freire’s work in the City University of New York (CUNY) during the seventies and the eighties, as it was translated conceptually by Ira Shor. In this framework, the context in which Shor worked will be developed, along with how Shor began to combine Freire’s pedagogy with his own methods for developing the critical thinking of students. Second, the current influence of Freire will be described in pedagogy and in sociolinguistics. It will be shown that Freire’s philosophy still greatly influences the pedagogical practices of critical educators in the United States and that it has provided a theoretical vocabulary in order to continue to discover political and ideological questions in the classroom through the investigation of the everyday language that students bring with them to the university. Keywords: Critical Pedagogy. Ira Shor. Freire. Translingualism. RESUMO : Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiro, seguira a recepcao do trabalho de Freire na Universidade da Cidade de Nova York (CUNY durante os anos setenta e oitenta, como foi traduzido conceitualmente por Ira Shor. Neste contexto, o contexto no qual Shor trabalhou sera desenvolvido, junto como Shor comecou a combinar a pedagogia de Freire com seus proprios metodos para desenvolver o pensamento critico dos alunos.Em segundo lugar, a atual influencia de Freire sera descrita na pedagogia e na sociolinguistica.E demonstrado que a filosofia de Freire ainda influencia fortemente as praticas pedagogicas de Freire. educadores criticos nos Estados Unidos e que forneceu um vocabulario teorico para continuar a descobrir questoes politicas e ideologicas em sala de aula atraves da investigacao da linguagem cotidiana que os alunos trazem consigo para a universidade. Palavras-chave : Pedagogia Critica. Ira Shor. Freire. Translingualismo.
Patients' Perspectives of Diagnostic Error: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines diagnostic error as the failure to establish an accurate or timely explanation for the patient's health problem(s) or effectively communicate the explanation to the patient. Using this definition, we sought to characterize diagnostic errors experienced by patients and describe patient perspectives on causes, impacts, and prevention strategies. Methods We conducted interviews of adults hospitalized at an academic medical center. We used the framework of the IOM definition of diagnostic error to perform thematic analysis of qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative data. Results Based on the IOM's definition of diagnostic error, 27 of the 69 included patients reported at least one diagnostic error in the past 5 years. The errors were distributed evenly across the following three dimensions of the IOM definition: accuracy, communication, and timeliness. Limited time with doctors, communication, clinical assessment, and clinical management emerged as major themes for causes of diagnostic error and for strategies to reduce diagnostic error. Impacts of errors included emotional distress, adverse health outcomes, and impaired activities of daily living. Conclusions This study uses the recent IOM definition of diagnostic error to provide insights into diagnostic error from the patient perspective. We found that diagnostic errors were commonly reported by hospitalized adults and have a profound impact on patients' well-being. Patients' insights regarding potential causes and prevention strategies may help identify opportunities to reduce diagnostic errors.
Disorder influences the quantum critical transport at a superconductor-to-insulator transition

We isolated flux disorder effects on the transport at the critical point of the quantum magnetic field tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (BSIT). The experiments employed films patterned into geometrically disordered hexagonal arrays. Spatial variations in the flux per unit cell, which grow in a perpendicular magnetic field, constitute flux disorder. The growth of flux disorder with magnetic field limited the number of BSITs exhibited by a single film due to flux matching effects. The critical metallic resistance at successive BSITs grew with flux disorder contrary to predictions of its universality. These results open the door for controlled studies of disorder effects on the universality class of an ubiquitous quantum phase transition.
Patient-Preferred Prosthetic Ankle-Foot Alignment for Ramps and Level-Ground Walking

Patient preference of lower limb prosthesis behavior informally guides clinical decision making, and may become increasingly important for tuning new robotic prostheses. However, the processes for quantifying preference are still being developed, and the strengths and weaknesses of preference are not adequately understood. The present study sought to characterize the reliability (consistency) of patient preference of alignment during level-ground walking, and determine the patient-preferred ankle angle for ascent and descent of a 10° ramp, with implications for the design and control of robotic prostheses. Seven subjects with transtibial amputation walked over level ground, and ascended and descended a 10° ramp on a semi-active prosthetic ankle capable of unweighted repositioning in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Preferred ankle angle was measured with an adaptive forced-choice psychophysics paradigm, in which subjects walked on a randomized static ankle angle and reported whether they would prefer the ankle to be dorsiflexed or plantarflexed. Subjects had reliable preferences for alignment during level-ground walking, with deviations of 1.5° from preference resulting in an 84% response rate preferring changes toward the preference. Relative to level walking, subjects preferred 7.8° (SD: 4.8°) of dorsiflexion during ramp ascent, and 5.3° (SD: 3.8°) plantarflexion during ramp descent. As the ankle angle better matched the ramp angle, socket pressures and tibial progression (shank pitch) both more closely mirrored those during level walking. These findings provide baseline behaviors for prosthetic ankles capable of adapting to slopes based on patient preference, and provide strong evidence that people with transtibial amputation can finely perceive ankle alignment.
Abstract PO-125: Targeting histone methylation to overrule transcriptionally driven drug resistance in myeloid leukemia

Standard induction chemotherapy, consisting of an anthracycline and cytarabine, has been the first-line therapeutic to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although this treatment induces complete remissions (CR) in the majority of patients, many face a relapse. Relapse is caused by the survival of chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells (minimal residual disease, MRD), that may have acquired drug resistance by non-genetic mechanisms. Persistence of MRD is driven by intra-leukemic heterogeneity and plasticity in response to therapy. Leukemia cells within MRD capable of initiating relapse are thought to have stem cell features and are therefore named “leukemic stem cells” (LSCs). In this study, we demonstrated that the anthracycline doxorubicin epigenetically reprograms leukemia cells by inducing tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) and H3K4. Moreover, to understand chemotherapy resistance at the single-cell level and to study intra-leukemia heterogeneity with respect to anthracycline sensitivity, we seeded K562 myeloid leukemia cells in 480 wells, each containing 10.000 cells, and treated the cells with increasing concentrations of doxorubicin. Using this approach, a subpopulation of reversible anthracycline-tolerant cells (ATCs) was identified within the doxorubicin-sensitive leukemia cell population, which lacked upregulation of H3K27me3 or H3K4me3 and exhibited epigenetically regulated expression of stem cell features similar to leukemic stem cells (LSCs). These ATCs have a distinct transcriptional landscape from the leukemia bulk and could be eradicated by the KDM6 inhibitor GSK-J4. In primary human AML, GSK-J4 treatment could eliminate AML blasts and LSCs at diagnosis but importantly it could significantly reduce chemotherapy resistant AML patient cell load (MRD) and survival of LSCs residing within MRD, ex vivo and in vivo. An efficient response to GSK-J4 was associated with upregulation of H3K27 and/or H3K4 methylation, and downregulation of STAT5B. Together, our results reveal plasticity of anthracycline resistance in AML cells and highlight the potential of epigenetic-based therapeutics to target chemotherapy-resistant AML cells. Citation Format: Noortje van Gils, Han J.M.P. Verhagen, Tania Martianez, Fedor Denkers, Eline Vermue, Arjo Rutten, Tamas Csikos, Meyrem Cil, Marjon Al, Frank van Gemert, Jeroen J.W.M. Janssen, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Renee X. Menezes, Linda Smit. Targeting histone methylation to overrule transcriptionally driven drug resistance in myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-125.
Gut Microbial Changes and their Contribution to Post-Burn Pathology.

ABSTRACT Burn injuries are a common form of traumatic injury that leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries are characterized by inflammatory processes and alterations in numerous organ systems and functions. Recently, it has become apparent that the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome is a key component of regulating the immune response and recovery from burn and can also contribute to significant detrimental sequelae after injury, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure. Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to multiple disease states; however, its role in exacerbating acute traumatic injuries, such as burn, is poorly understood. In this article, we review studies that document changes in the intestinal microbiome after burn injury, assess the implications in post-burn pathogenesis, and the potential for further discovery and research.
Adverse Effects of Drugs

In this chapter, we review some common adverse effects seen when treating older adults with psychotropic medications.
A Framework for Deep Quantification Learning

A quantification learning task estimates class ratios or class distribution given a test set. Quantification learning is useful for a variety of application domains such as commerce, public health, and politics. For instance, it is desirable to automatically estimate the proportion of customer satisfaction in different aspects from product reviews to improve customer relationships. We formulate the quantification learning problem as a maximum likelihood problem and propose the first end-to-end Deep Quantification Network (DQN) framework. DQN jointly learns quantification feature representations and directly predicts the class distribution. Compared to classification-based quantification methods, DQN avoids three separate steps: classification of individual instances, calculation of the predicted class ratios, and class ratio adjustment to account for classification errors. We evaluated DQN on four public datasets, ranging from movie and product reviews to multi-class news. We compared DQN against six existing quantification methods and conducted a sensitivity analysis of DQN performance. Compared to the best existing method in our study, (1) DQN reduces Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by about 35%. (2) DQN uses around 40% less training samples to achieve a comparable MAE.
Lobbying as a Source of Rent Seeking: Clarification of the Relationship Between Corporate Lobbying and Firm Tax Benefits

This paper measures and analyzes explicit returns to United States firms through lobbying efforts and motivated expenditures at the federal level. The dependent variables of interest in this analysis are unrecognized tax benefits and adjusted marginal tax rates. Using a combination of multiple linear regression and system/dynamic generalized method of moments analysis on a panel of firm level data, I find statistically significant and economically substantial beneficial returns to the dependent variables for firms upon increase in annual lobbying expenditures, particularly when such firms are more profitable. New contributions to the empirical investigation of lobbying include the use of previously unexplored and updated variables of interest for firms and public policy considerations; modeling and computation successfully addressing endogeneity, reverse causality, and autocorrelation concerns in prior quantitative research; updated time frames for observed data; and improved robustness checks of models to demonstrate the persistence of computational results. The implications of the results for theoretical explanations of lobbying, perspective on U.S. lobbying, and possible implications for policy are investigated and found to offer support for public choice analyses of political behavior in that the new results are consistent with models explaining lobbying primarily as a result of self-interested behavior and rent-seeking efforts from agents.
The Common Origins of Philosophical and Political Power in Plato's Gorgias

Plato’s Gorgias concerns the tension between political and philosophical power. In it, Socrates and Gorgias discuss rhetoric’s power, which Gorgias claims is universal, containing all powers, enabling the rhetorician to rule over others politically. Polus and Callicles develop Gorgias’s understanding of rhetoric’s universal power. Scholars addressing power’s central focus rightly distinguish Socrates’ notion of philosophical power from Gorgias’s. However, these authors make this distinction too severe, failing to acknowledge the kinship between philosophy and politics. This paper argues that Socrates’ notion of power has its origins in Gorgias’s, but instead of seeking to persuade others, philosophy primarily concerns self-persuasion.
Abstract P785: The B Cell Response to Extracellular Glutamate in the Ischemic Brain

Background: Neuronal networks require significant neurotrophic support for functional plasticity after stroke. We showed that B cells exhibit a cell-specific migration pattern in the post-stroke br...
Dynamic Control of Metabolism.

Metabolic engineering reprograms cells to synthesize value-added products. In doing so, endogenous genes are altered and heterologous genes can be introduced to achieve the necessary enzymatic reac...
Reverse-engineering political protest: the Russian Internet Research Agency in the Heart of Texas

In the aftermath of the 2016 US presidential election, the public slowly began to grapple with the extent of Russian disinformation campaigns by the Internet Research Agency (IRA), elements of whic...
A Multi-Jammer Power Control Game

We consider a single carrier communication system subjected to multi-jammer interference, and study optimal power control in the framework of game theory. The Nash and Stackelberg equilibria are derived in closed form. Conditions involving the background noise variance and the transmission cost are established for determining whether the equilibria are unique. It is proven that in the case of multiple equilibria, the user has the same payoff at each equilibrium, which reflects the stability of the communication. Also, consistent with the literature on single-jammer scenarios, it is shown that when the jammers are in a Stackelberg game, although they act as followers, they gain in payoffs as compared to the Nash game.
Cooccurrence of Five Pathogenic Legionella spp. and Two Free-Living Amoebae Species in a Complete Drinking Water System and Cooling Towers.

Pathogenic Legionella species grow optimally inside free-living amoebae to concentrations that increase risks to those who are exposed. The aim of this study was to screen a complete drinking water system and cooling towers for the occurrence of Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria fowleri and their cooccurrence with Legionella pneumophila, Legionella anisa, Legionella micdadei, Legionella bozemanii, and Legionella longbeachae. A total of 42 large-volume water samples, including 12 from the reservoir (water source), 24 from two buildings (influents to the buildings and exposure sites (taps)), and six cooling towers were collected and analyzed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). N. fowleri cooccurred with L. micdadei in 76 (32/42) of the water samples. In the building water system, the concentrations of N. fowleri and L. micdadei ranged from 1.5 to 1.6 Log10 gene copies (GC)/100 mL, but the concentrations of species increased in the cooling towers. The data obtained in this study illustrate the ecology of pathogenic Legionella species in taps and cooling towers. Investigating Legionella’s ecology in drinking and industrial waters will hopefully lead to better control of these pathogenic species in drinking water supply systems and cooling towers.
Frobenius and symmetric algebras

In this chapter, we provide an extensive account of the theory of Frobenius and symmetric algebras. As a byproduct of our investigations, we establish a number of important results pertaining to modular representation theory of groups and block theory of group algebras.
Photoelectron spectra of cyclopropylcarbinyltrimethyltin and allyltrimethyltin

Abstract The UV photoelectron spectrum of cyclopropylcarbinyltrimethyltin (I) has been compared with the spectra of allyltrimethyltin (II) and isobutyltrimethyltin. A σ-σ conjugation in (I) resulting in a 1.6 eV interaction between the CSn bond and the cyclopropane orbitals and a 2.2 eV σ-π interaction in (II) have been demonstrated.
Predictors of Rural Community Survival After Natural Disaster

SUMMARY The Great Flood of 1993 not only devastated much of the midwest, it profoundly changed the social fabric of hundreds of river communities. Why some survived and others did not and the relationship of those outcomes to classic crisis intervention theory is the subject of this year-long qualitative study of eight representative Missouri towns.
Chemical, Environmental, and Trauma Exposures and Corresponding Health Symptoms Among Iraqi American Women

Central nervous system disorders such as fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS) have been recognized for decades but remain misunderstood by researchers and practitioners, belying clear etiological definition, diagnoses, and treatment. The aftermath of the Gulf War brought with it a phenomenon of symptoms characterizing such dysfunctions. This trend shifted the typical profiles of FM and CFIDS, which in the past included higher prevalence among women, and people increasing with age, to a primarily military-aged, male population. The present study examines, through logistic regression, exposure to chemical and environmental toxins and psychological traumas as risk factors for FM- and CFIDS-related health symptoms. Chemical exposure emerged as a statistically significant risk factor. Implications for research and practice are presented.
Electroacoustical and real-ear comparisons of assistive listening devices

Compares electroacoustical characteristics and real-ear insertion gain levels of commercially available personal assistive listening devices (ALDs), equipped with supra-aural headphones and earbud-type transducers