cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Information Storage Capability of VANET for Highway and City Traffic

Abstract Vehicles in VANET can form wireless ad hoc mesh networks (VMeshes) that are mobile, constantly changing both in size and the geographic area they cover. We focus on how the VMeshes can be used to capture and retain certain transient information on the road within a given region of interest for a certain period of time, without any infrastructure support. In this paper, we study this “storage capability” of VANET for highway and city traffic. Particularly, we studied different properties (average life time and deletion time) of the VANET storage for both 1-D highway traffic and 2-D city wide traffic. Through theoretical analysis and detailed simulation validated by the realistic mobility trace observed in San Francisco Yellow Cabs, we found that the same system parameters (e.g., transmission range and the size of the region of interest) can have different impact on VANET storage properties under different mobility patterns. Particularly, the size of the region of interest where the information needs to be stored has a large impact on the lifetime of the storage for the 2-D city-wide traffic, while the transmission range of wireless communication has large impact on the lifetime of the storage for 1-D highway traffic, and also on the success rate of deleting the information and the mean time to delete the information. Furthermore, the simulation analysis using SF Cab trace shows that even with low density of cabs, the average life time of VANET storage can be in order of minutes, demonstrating that it is possible to build realistic applications using VANET storage.
Spontaneous oscillations of a sessile lens

When an oil drop is placed on a water surface, it assumes the form of a sessile lens. We consider the curious behaviour that may arise when the oil contains a water-insoluble surfactant: the lens radius oscillates in a quasi-periodic fashion. While this oscillatory behaviour has been reported elsewhere, a consistent physical explanation has yet to be given. We present the results of an experimental investigation that enable us to elucidate the subtle mechanism responsible. Videomicroscopy reveals that the beating behaviour is generated by a subtle process of partial emulsification at the lens edge and sustained by evaporation of surfactant from the water surface.
Tracking in a ground-to-satellite optical link: effects due to lead-ahead and aperture mismatch, including temporal tracking response

Establishing a link between a ground station and a geosynchronous orbiting satellite can be aided greatly with the use of a beacon on the satellite. A tracker, or even an adaptive optics system, can use the beacon during communication or tracking activities to correct beam pointing for atmospheric turbulence and mount jitter effects. However, the pointing lead-ahead required to illuminate the moving object and an aperture mismatch between the tracking and the pointing apertures can limit the effectiveness of the correction, as the sensed tilt will not be the same as the tilt required for optimal transmission to the satellite. We have developed an analytical model that addresses the combined impact of these tracking issues in a ground-to-satellite optical link. We present these results for different tracker/pointer configurations. By setting the low-pass cutoff frequency of the tracking servo properly, the tracking errors can be minimized. The analysis considers geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites as well as low Earth orbit satellites.
UNICELLULAR ALGAL GROWTH : A BIOMECHANICAL APPROACH TO CELL WALL DYNAMICS

We model a growing cell in a calcium solution as an elastic shell on short time scales. The turgor pressure and elastic properties (Young's modulus, thickness) of the cell wall determine a stressed cell shape. Enzyme-mediated relaxation of the unstressed toward the stressed configuration results in a slow (plastic) deformation of the cell. The cell wall thickness is then modulated by calcium-mediated fusion of material and elongation. We analyze small perturbations to a circular cell and find an instability related to modulations of the wall thickness, leading to growth rates which peak at a finite wave number.
Modeling, optimization and benchmarking of chip-to-chip electrical interconnects with low loss air-clad dielectrics

Analytical models are developed for pulse response of chip-to-chip interconnects modeled as lossy transmission lines. The novel compact physical models capture the losses due to skin effect and dielectric losses and predict both the pulse height and width at the receiver. The work presented in this paper demonstrates the use of these models for optimization of data-rate and interconnect geometry in order to minimize energy-per-bit and maximize bandwidth-density simultaneously. Further, the model is applied to explore and quantify the potential benefits of low-k air-clad dielectrics that reduce dielectric losses. The model predicts a maximum improvement of ideal air dielectric over a lossy GETEK dielectric to be roughly 5–6 times in both energy-per bit and bandwidth-density. Additionally, the optimizations provided in the paper set the minimum requirements for optical interconnects in order to outperform electrical interconnects.
Some simple criteria for gauged R-parity

Some simple conditions which are sufficient to guarantee that R- parity survives as an unbroken gauged discrete subgroup of the continuous gauge symmetry in certain supersymmetric extensions of the standard model are presented.
Memories reactivated under ketamine are subsequently stronger: A potential pre-clinical behavioral model of psychosis.

Abstract Background Sub-anesthetic doses of the NMDA antagonist ketamine have been shown to model the formation and stability of delusion in human subjects. The latter has been predicted to be due to aberrant prediction error resulting in enhanced destabilization of beliefs. To extend the scope of this model, we investigated the effect of administration of low dose systemic ketamine on memory in a rodent model of memory reconsolidation. Methods Systemic ketamine was administered either prior to or immediately following auditory fear memory reactivation in rats. Memory strength was assessed by measuring freezing behavior 24 h later. Follow up experiments were designed to investigate an effect of pre-reactivation ketamine on short-term memory (STM), closely related memories, and basolateral amygdala (BLA) specific destabilization mechanisms. Results Rats given pre-reactivation, but not post-reactivation, ketamine showed larger freezing responses 24 h later compared to vehicle. This enhancement was not observed 3 h after the memory reactivation, nor was it seen in a closely related contextual memory. Prior inhibition of a known destabilization mechanism in the BLA blocked the effect of pre-reactivation ketamine. Conclusions Pre- but not post-reactivation ketamine enhances fear memory. These data together with recent data in human subjects supports a model of delusion fixity that proposes that aberrant prediction errors result in enhanced destabilization and strengthening of delusional belief.
The dependence of short-range 500-mb height forecasts on the initial flow regime

Abstract Forecast errors in the 500-mb geopotential height field over North America and adjacent ocean environs are calculated for the National Meteorological Center's Nested Grid Model (NGM). The eight winters 1985/86-1992/93 are examined. Errors are compared for the time-mean flow and for four recurring planetary-scale flow regimes, and the statistical significance of the differences is estimated. Overall, the NGM produces very accurate 500-mb height forecasts out to 48 h, with every forecast cycle of the study period exhibiting useful deterministic skill at 48 h when averaged over the study domain. During the first two winters of operational NGM implementation, the spatially averaged errors were noticeably greater than in subsequent winters. NGM error was essentially constant during the 1987/88-1992/93 winters. The bias in the NGM works to erode the asymmetries associated with the wintertime stationary waves. When the errors are categorized by the initial flow configuration, no significant differences ...
Effect of Illumination on Organic Polymer Thin-Film Transistors

We have investigated the effects of white-light illumination on the electrical performance of organic polymer thin-film transistors (OP-TFTs). The OFF-state drain current is significantly increased, while the drain current in the strong accumulation regime is relatively unaffected. At the same time, the threshold voltage is decreased and the subthreshold slope is increased, while the field-effect mobility of the charge carriers is not affected. The observed effects are explained in terms of the photogeneration of free charge carriers in the channel region due to the absorbed photons.
Marital fertility and family structure among the urban population of Iran.

The relationship between type of family structure and marital fertility is among the least understood areas in sociodemographic studies. The literature shows at least 3 contradictory positions: 1) that the extended family encourages high fertility; 2) that the nuclear family encourages high fertility; and 3) that the form of family structure is not related to fertility behavior. Using the Lorimer-Davis general theoretical framwork this paper analyzes the type of co-residence to determine if it directly or indirectly affects fertility behavior in couples in Shiraz a city in southern Iran. if so what would be the net effect of family type on fertility? Multivariate analysis techniques are used to measure the interaction among the variables as well as the relative effects of various socioeconomic variables on fertility behavior. This paper assumes that family types affect fertilit as well as a number of fertlity-related variables. In essence this paper tests the Lorime-Davis argument on the Iranian data set. Evidence from 852 family households in Shiraz shows that the level of marital fertility among couples living in the nuclear family is substantally higher than the extended family regardless of the effect of intermediate variables such as husband/wifes marital age duration of marriage and wifes education and occupation. (Summaries in ENG FRE SPA)
Can local adaptation research in plants inform selection of native plant materials? An analysis of experimental methodologies

Local adaptation is used as a criterion to select plant materials that will display high fitness in new environments. A large body of research has explored local adaptation in plants, however, to what extent findings can inform management decisions has not been formally evaluated. We assessed local adaptation literature for six key experimental methodologies that have the greatest effect on the application of research to selecting plant materials for natural resource management: experimental environment, response variables, maternal effects, intraspecific variation, selective agents, and spatial and temporal variability. We found that less than half of experiments used reciprocal transplants or natural field conditions, which are both informative for revegetation and restoration. Population growth rate was rarely (5%) assessed, and most studies measured only single generations (96%) and ran for less than a year. Emergence and establishment are limiting factors in successful revegetation and restoration, but the majority of studies measured later life-history stages (66%). Additionally, most studies included limited replication at the population and habitat levels and tested response to single abiotic selective factors (66%). Local adaptation research should be cautiously applied to management; future research could use alternative methodologies to allow managers to directly apply findings.
Modulating Accidental Fermi Resonance: What a Difference a Neutron Makes

Vibrational reporters have shown significant promise as sensitive probes of local environments in proteins and nucleic acids. The utility of two potential vibrational probes, the cyanate and azide groups in phenyl cyanate and 3-azidopyridine, respectively, has been hindered by accidental Fermi resonance. Anharmonic coupling, between the fundamental −OCN or −N3 asymmetric stretch vibration and a near resonant combination band, results in an extremely broad and complex absorption profile for each of these probes. A total of eight phenyl cyanate and six 3-azidopyridine isotopomers were synthesized and studied. Isotopic editing effectively modulated the accidental Fermi resonance; the absorption profiles of several isotopomers were greatly simplified, whereas others remained complex. The origins of the observed profiles are discussed. The addition of a single neutron to the middle atom of the oscillator converted the absorption profile to essentially a single band, resulting from either the cyanate or azide a...
Atomic Resolution Study of Local Strains in Doped VO2 Nanowires

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 499331295, USA 2. Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607-7059, USA 3. Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA 4. Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA 5. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607-7059, USA 6. Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL60607-7059, USA
The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Consumer Attitudes toward Advertising by Hospitals, Physicians, and Dentists

Younger consumers showed a stronger preference for both hospital and dental advertising than older consumers. Lower income consumers were receptive to hospital advertising and also thought physician advertising would be useful to inform potential patients about services and specialties more than higher income consumers. Lower educated consumers were more receptive to hospital, physician, and dental advertising than were higher educated consumers. Fewer white-collar than blue-collar workers felt that hospital advertising would benefit only quacks as well as felt that it is better to deal with reputable hospitals than one that offers the lowest price.
Observation and countermeasure on the situation of labeling of prepackaged foods in circulating region of Shanghai

[Objective] To make clear the situation of food safety administration,a cross-sectional study on the labeling of prepackaged foods was done in Shanghai supermarket,focused on the basic information and the rate of labeling of prepackaged foods. [Methods] A supermarket in Yangpu district was selected by simple random sampling and the labeling of prepackaged foods were taken photos from January to May 2007.All photos were introduced into computer for analysis of data with SPSS 11.5 software. [Results] The rate of labeling of all the prepackaged foods accounted for 83.7%.The rate of labeling of prepackaged common foods and the prepackaged alcoholic beverage was 91.4% and 84.4% respectively.The rate of labeling of prepackaged foods for special dietary uses and for health food were a bit lower accounted for 9.0% and 15.8% respectively. [Conclusion] The food safety administration of the labeling of prepackaged foods in supermarket as a whole was regular and efficient in circulating region of Shanghai.But more attentions should be paid on the labeling of prepackaged foods for special dietary uses and health food.
Architecture-centric derivation of products in a software product line

It is essential to architecture-centric product line development that product line architecture can be used to drive activities specific to product line development, such as product derivation. This requires a mechanism that can automatically derive the architecture and code of a product instance from the customization of product line architecture. In this paper, we analyze the insufficiency of two existing solutions in this area and present an architecture-centric approach that meets the requirement. The approach can support product line differences in platforms and functions, and generate both product line code and product code. It is based on a product line implementation mechanism that combines a code generation and separation pattern with an architecture-based code annotation technique. We have implemented the approach, and finished a preliminary evaluation with a chat application.
Ranking preserving hashing for fast similarity search

Hashing method becomes popular for large scale similarity search due to its storage and computational efficiency. Many machine learning techniques, ranging from unsupervised to supervised, have been proposed to design compact hashing codes. Most of the existing hashing methods generate binary codes to efficiently find similar data examples to a query. However, the ranking accuracy among the retrieved data examples is not modeled. But in many real world applications, ranking measure is important for evaluating the quality of hashing codes. In this paper, we propose a novel Ranking Preserving Hashing (RPH) approach that directly optimizes a popular ranking measure, Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG), to obtain effective hashing codes with high ranking accuracy. The main difficulty in the direct optimization of NDCG measure is that it depends on the ranking order of data examples, which forms a non-convex nonsmooth optimization problem. We address this challenge by optimizing the expectation of NDCG measure calculated based on a linear hashing function. A gradient descent method is designed to achieve the goal. An extensive set of experiments on two large scale datasets demonstrate the superior ranking performance of the proposed approach over several state-of-the-art hashing methods.
Cytomegalovirus infections in heart transplant recipients: relationship to immunosuppression.

To determine the relationship of cytomegalovirus infections (CMVI) to immunosuppression in heart transplants, we retrospectively compared demographic and clinical variables in 154 consecutive heart transplant patients. Forty-one CMVI were compared; of these, 30 (73%) were identified in tissue, and nine (22%) were identified by blood or urine culture. Twenty (49%) of the CMVI were self-limited, and 21 (51%) were progressive, requiring treatment. When comparing patients with and without CMVI, demographic variables, mean preexisting heart disease, cyclosporine level, cumulative corticosteroid dose, and the use of anti-T-cell antibodies were examined. Only the use of OKT3 was significantly associated with the subsequent development of CMVI. Although CMVI subsequently developed in 30 of 79 (38%) patients who had received OKT3, CMVI developed in only 11 of 75 (15%) patients who had not received OKT3 (p = 0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of CMVI increased with increasing total OKT3 dose (none, 11 of 64 [17%]; 75 mg, 6 of 14 [43%]; p = 0.01). Logistic regression showed that the only two variables predictive of CMVI were the use of OKT3 (p = 0.0023) and ischemic rather than idiopathic heart disease before transplantation (p = 0.0098). Rejection rates, incidence of allograft vasculopathy, and 1-year actuarial survival were not influenced by previous CMVI. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred more frequently in patients with CMVI than in those without (13 of 41 [32%] patients versus 3/113 [3%] patients; p < 0.001). No correlation existed between CMVI and lymphoproliferative disorder (p = 0.84).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HISTONE GENE-TRANSCRIPTION DURING THE CELL-CYCLE

It has become evident during the last decade that periodic transcription of a wide variety of mRNAs is a critical component of the eucaryotic cell cycle. The first genes to be identified whose transcription is modulated during cell cycle progression were the histone genes (1). in vertebrates, the histone genes comprise a small gene family in which there are approximately a dozen genes encoding each of the four core histones (H4, H3, H2a, H2b), and approximately half that number encoding the linker histone H1 (2). Since histones are essential structural proteins, they are transcribed in most eucaryotic cells. However, in actively dividing cells their transcription is very tightly coupled to S phase of the cell cycle. Thus, as cells enter S phase, histone gene transcription is increased approximately ten fold, and as the cell exits S phase the rate of histone gene transcription returns to its pre-S phase levels. This tight coupling of histone gene transcription with DNA replication provides an opportunity to dissect molecular mechanisms of transcription that are responsive to specific cues during traverse through the cell cycle, and that may be essential for orderly progression toward division. The interest of our laboratory has been to define these transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, and to relate them to other critical events that are important for cell cycle regulation.
Treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas: should resources be used to codify the old or to create the new?

A turning point in therapy followed the observation that patients with AO tumors with chromosome 1p and 19q codeletion had better outcomes when treated with irradiation and PCV than did non-codeleted anaplastic oligodendroglioma patients.
Bidirectional Associations Between Sleep and Anxiety Symptoms in Emerging Adults in a Residential College Setting

Daily covariation of three sleep indicators (quantity, quality, postsleep restedness), anxiety symptoms, and caffeine and alcohol consumption was observed in 283 emerging adults (Mage = 19.9). Participants completed web-based sleep diary surveys every morning and evening for 7 consecutive days. Cross-lagged models suggested that sleep quality and restedness (reported each morning) predicted students’ anxiety levels (reported each evening) and that anxiety levels predicted all three sleep indicators. Furthermore, pre-bedtime caffeine consumption predicted worse sleep that night. Controlling for the effects of weekdays versus weekends produced virtually identical effects to the 7-day models, although weekend alcohol consumption emerged as a predictor of postsleep restedness. These data support bidirectionality between sleep and anxiety symptoms in emerging adults attending college/university and highlight potential avenues for intervention.
Ultrasonic imaging algorithm for the health monitoring of pipes

This paper presents a numerical study where guided ultrasonic waves (GUWs) are processed using a new imaging algorithm for the health monitoring of pipes. The numerical model mimics the generation and detection of guided waves from the transducers of two annular arrays located inside a pipe. The fastest mode of the detected signals is processed using the continuous wavelet transform and the Hilbert transform to extract two damage-sensitive features. The estimation of the features for the healthy condition is formulated in terms of an optimization problem solved with a competitive optimization algorithm. Finally, a probabilistic approach is used to create an image of the pipe to reveal the presence of possible structural anomalies. With respect to most GUW-based imaging methods, the proposed approach is baseline-free which means that data from pristine pipes are not necessary. A commercial finite element code is utilized to mimic the operation of the two arrays each made of four ultrasonic transducers in contact with the interior wall of a pipe. While one of the transducers acts as transmitter, the other seven act as sensors, and this is repeated for all the elements of the rings. The time waveforms associated with all the possible actuator–sensor pairs are processed using the algorithm proposed here. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach, the findings are compared to the results obtained using a conventional pitch-catch approach. The results are promising and future studies should focus on the experimental validation of the methodology.
The Reciprocal Relationship Between Perceptions of Moral Goodness and Knowledge of Others’ True Selves:

The idea of true selves is widespread in folk psychology. Most research on this topic has focused on the precursors to and consequences of feeling that one knows or is expressing one’s own true sel...
Development and characterization of a pre-clinical model of ovarian carcinoma to investigate mechanisms of resistance to the anti-HER2/neu antibody Herceptin™

1205 The HER-2 /neu ( c-erbB2 ) gene encodes a 185-kDa transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, and is overexpressed in 15-30% of breast and ovarian carcinomas. Gene amplification of HER2 is associated with early metastatic relapse and shortened survival in breast cancer patients. Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody approved as a molecularly targeted therapy for metastatic breast cancer. In order to investigate mechanisms of acquired resistance to Herceptin, an SKOV-3 Herceptin-resistant (HR) pre-clinical human ovarian carcinoma model was developed in vivo . SKOV-3 cells which overexpress the HER2 protein were implanted subcutaneously (sc) into female athymic nu/nu mice. Generation of SKOV-3 HR cells was accomplished by passaging “break-through” tumors (initially responded to Herceptin but later lost efficacy) over 3 or 4 rounds of transplantation in naive nu/nu mice. SKOV-3 HR cells were selected and sub-cultured in vitro in the continuous presence of Herceptin. Anti-proliferative assays ( 3 H-thymidine incorporation, MTT, and Coulter counter cell counts) revealed SKOV-3 HR cells were not sensitive to the effects of Herceptin. The rate of doubling of SKOV-3 HR1 (clone 1) cells in culture is about 1.5 –2x faster than parental SKOV-3 cells. Immunoblot analysis after 48 hrs of incubation with Herceptin exhibited a 59% downregulation of the HER2 protein in SKOV-3 cells. However, no such downregulation of HER2 occurred in SKOV-3 HR1 Herceptin treated cells. Transducers in the HER2 cell signaling pathway such as Akt and MAPK were likewise not downregulated in SKOV-3 HR1 cells. Cell surface HER2 receptor expression was examined by indirect fluorescence staining and FACS analysis. SKOV-3 HR1 cells expressed similar mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) as SKOV-3 cells. After Herceptin treatment for 96 hrs, MFI decreased in SKOV-3 cells by 31%, but was unaffected in SKOV-3 HR1 cells. Reintroduction in vivo of SKOV-3 HR cells in nu/nu mice and treatment of established sc tumors with Herceptin over 4 weeks demonstrated no significant antitumor efficacy. SKOV-3 sc tumors were growth inhibited by Herceptin at the end of study (T/C = 50%; p=0.054 vs. vehicle), while SKOV-3 HR1 tumors showed no growth inhibition (T/C = 92%; p=0.734 vs. vehicle). Thus, we have developed SKOV-3 HR clones through in vivo selection that still overexpress HER2 but are unresponsive to Herceptin. This model will be used to further investigate potential mechanisms of acquired therapeutic resistance to the anti-HER2/ neu antibody Herceptin.
The Transition Years What a Shame, What a Waste—To Give All That Up to Work with Children and Teachers

A co-worker of Robert Karplus completed her work at Berkeley and went to another university. The news that she had worked with Karplus preceded her. When she arrived at her new campus, she was told that she should have a conversation about Karplus with a famous physicist on that campus. So she did. The famous physicist happened to be a fairly taciturn person with little interest in education.
Weekly Standard Kt/Vurea and Clinical Outcomes in Home and In-Center Hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Patients undergoing hemodialysis with a frequency other than thrice weekly are not included in current clinical performance metrics for dialysis adequacy. The weekly standard Kt/Vurea incorporates treatment frequency, but there are limited data on its association with clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS:We used multivariable regression to examine the association of dialysis standard Kt/Vurea with BP and metabolic control (serum potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, and phosphorus) in patients incidental to dialysis treated with home (n=2373) or in-center hemodialysis (n=109,273). We further used Cox survival models to examine the association of dialysis standard Kt/Vurea with mortality, hospitalization, and among patients on home hemodialysis, transfer to in-center hemodialysis. RESULTS:After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with dialysis standard Kt/Vurea <2.1 had higher BPs compared with patients with standard Kt/Vurea 2.1 to <2.3 (3.4 mm Hg higher [P<0.001] for home hemodialysis and 0.9 mm Hg higher [P<0.001] for in-center hemodialysis). There were no clinically meaningful associations between dialysis standard Kt/Vurea and markers of metabolic control, irrespective of dialysis modality. There was no association between dialysis standard Kt/Vurea and risk for mortality, hospitalization, or transfer to in-center hemodialysis among patients undergoing home hemodialysis. Among patients on in-center hemodialysis, dialysis standard Kt/Vurea <2.1 was associated with higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.14) and standard Kt/Vurea ≥2.3 was associated with lower risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.99) for death compared with standard Kt/Vurea 2.1 to <2.3. Additional analyses limited to patients with available data on residual kidney function showed similar relationships of dialysis and total (dialysis plus kidney) standard Kt/Vurea with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Current targets for standard Kt/Vurea have limited utility in identifying individuals at increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes for those undergoing home hemodialysis but may enhance risk stratification for in-center hemodialysis.
Natural Killer/T-cell Neoplasms: Analysis of Incidence, Patient Characteristics, and Survival Outcomes in the United States.

Abstract Background Limited data are available regarding the incidence, survival patterns, and long-term outcomes of natural killer (NK)/T-cell neoplasms in the United States. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with NK/T-cell neoplasms diagnosed from 2001 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the overall survival difference among the subgroups. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors affecting survival. Results For the 797 patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, the median age at diagnosis was 53 years, and males tended to be younger at diagnosis (P Conclusion The incidence of NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, in the United States has at least doubled in the past decade, with the greatest predilection among Hispanics. Patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma might have an increased risk of the subsequent development of acute myeloid leukemia.
Mislocalization in Plasmon-Enhanced Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy as a Dynamical Young’s Interferometer

Mislocalization is a quantitative measure of the inability to locate the positions of individual molecular emitters in plasmon-enhanced super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. It is due to an unfortunate side-effect that scrambles the spatial profile of a molecule’s fluorescence signal when plasmonic nanoantennas are introduced to boost that signal. In this article, we present an understanding of the mislocalization problem in plasmon-enhanced super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based upon a simple and intuitive theoretical model. In particular, we derive an analytic expression for mislocalization and demonstrate explicitly how it depends upon both the macroscopic interference of the coherent emission from molecular and plasmonic emitters and the microscopic dynamics of the coupled system. To derive this expression, we draw upon an analogy to the Fano interference problem and show that the spatial asymmetry in the intensity profile can be encapsulated into a single effective parameter that depends ...
Cryptosporidiidae in the Carnivora

Abstract This chapter presents the information known to date on the 10 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been reported, described, named, and/or genetically characterized from the mammals in the order Carnivora. Each valid Cryptosporidium species/genotype is listed alphabetically under each host suborder, family, genus, and species and discussed as in previous chapters. What becomes immediately obvious is that there is not a great deal of information known about the general biology, life history, and morphology of the various species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Carnivora. Even from this lack of information it is clear, however, that Cryptosporidium species lack strict host specificity and can be transmitted between carnivores and other wild, feral, domestic, zoo, and food animals and humans. Some Cryptosporidium species may pose a threat to human health and biodiversity.
Topographic organization and chemoarchitecture of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the median raphe nucleus

The role of serotonergic systems in regulation of behavioral arousal and sleep-wake cycles is complex and may depend on both the receptor subtype and brain region involved. Increasing evidence points toward the existence of multiple topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons that receive unique afferent connections, give rise to unique patterns of projections to forebrain systems, and have unique functional properties. A better understanding of the properties of these subpopulations of serotonergic neurons may aid in the understanding of the role of serotonergic systems in regulation of behavioral arousal, sleep-wake cycles and other physiological and behavioral responses attributed to serotonin. In this chapter, we outline evidence for multiple serotonergic systems within the midbrain and pontine raphe complex that can be defined based on cytoarchitectonic and hodological properties. In addition, we describe how these topographically organized groups of serotonergic neurons correspond to the six major ascending serotonergic tracts innervating the forebrain.
Borne Identity: The role of organizational identification and reputation following disruptions

The findings of recent studies on the role of organizational reputation in light of disruptions have been inconsistent: some suggest that high reputation attenuates the negative impact of disruptions on stakeholders’ decision to transact with the organization, while others find an amplifying effect. I address these inconsistencies by exploring how stakeholders’ organizational identification influences the way they interpret the role of organizational reputation following disruptions. The results of empirical analyses in the context of on-campus murders in U.S. universities in 2001-2009 indicate that disruptions are associated with fewer transactions by low-identification stakeholders and only highly reputable organizations experience this effect. The findings are opposite for high-identification stakeholders: this group increases levels of transactions with highly reputable organizations after disruptions. This study provides a promising resolution to the inconsistencies found in prior research by suggest...
Partial Wave Spectroscopy Detection of Cancer Stages using Tissue Microarrays (TMA) Samples

Mesoscopic physics based partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) can probe the structural alterations at the nanoscale level in cancerous cells/tissues. Here we show improved PWS technique to detect cancer stages using TMA samples.
Hidden Figures: How Pecuniary Influences Help Shape STEM Experiences for Black Students in Grades K-12

The demand for increasing participation of grades K-12 students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has steadily increased over time. However, the extent to which black students in K-12 gain equitable access toward a quality STEM education and eventual STEM-related careers is primarily a reflection of pecuniary influences, including socioeconomic status (SES) and inequitable educational funding. To this point, the National Science and Technology Council cautioned K-12 educators of the increasing shortage of historically marginalized students, such as black students, in STEM fields and the national and global repercussions for the U.S.A. Through a synthesis of reviewed literature including reviews of empirical studies that explore the dynamics of socioeconomics, race, and policies, and a discussion about what is missing from the literature, this article examines how SES and inequitable funding have slowed efforts toward increased participation of black students in STEM. The study concludes with final thoughts about what could be done to change course.
Predicting the potency of anti-Alzheimer drug combinations using machine learning

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials of single drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) have been notoriously unsuccessful. Combinations of repurposed drugs could provide effective treatments for AD. The challenge is to identify potentially potent combinations. OBJECTIVE: To use machine learning (ML) to extract the knowledge from two leading AD databases, and then use the machine to predict which combinations of the drugs in common between the two databases would be the most effective as treatments for AD. METHODS: Three-layered neural networks (NNs) having compound, gated units in their internal layer were trained using ML to predict the cognitive scores of participants in either database, given the other data fields including age, demographic variables, comorbidities, and drugs taken. RESULTS: The predictions from the separately trained NNs were strongly correlated. The best drug combinations, jointed determined from both sets of predictions, were high in NSAID, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs, and female hormones. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that AD, as a multifactorial disorder, could be effectively treated using a combination of repurposed drugs.
Patient Deterioration in the Adult Progressive Care Unit: A Scoping Review.

Background The American Heart Association set a goal in 2010 to double the percentage of hospitalized adult patients who survive cardiac arrest by 2020. Because of acuity and interventions, progressive care patients are a population of interest to address this goal. The state of the literature involving patient deterioration, which can lead to cardiac arrest, in the progressive care setting has yet to be explored. Objective A scoping review was done to investigate the literature involving patient deterioration in adult progressive care units in order to map knowledge, identify themes, and discover areas for research potential. Methods The scoping review began with an extensive literature search and a multistep review. The characteristics of the final group of studies were charted and grouped according to common themes. Results There were 13 studies in the final group. All studies were conducted in the United States and most by interprofessional teams. Three themes were evident in the review, training methods, surveillance, and monitoring systems. Discussion Patient deterioration in the progressive care unit may benefit from team-based training methods involving checklists or protocols. Nurses can use surveillance, including physical assessment and technology, to recognize early warning signs. Lastly, the use of systems that identify patterns in vital signs can be useful to reduce patient harm. Further research in this area care is warranted and could potentially improve patient outcomes and nursing practice.
DoF Analysis for Multipath-Assisted Imaging: Single Frequency Illumination

Multipath-assisted imaging algorithms have been shown to achieve super-resolution by incorporating multipath information into the imaging pipeline. In this paper, we derive the imaging degrees of freedom for multipath-assisted imaging systems to quantify the amount of super-resolution possible.
Governance, Risk Management, Reporting, and Control at the Central Bank of Colombia

There are several factors that can lead to successful outcomes in asset management at central banks and monetary authorities. For instance, having a robust asset allocation model, highly experienced portfolio managers, and sophisticated quantitative tools for implementing investment strategies. Nonetheless, in this chapter I will argue that governance, risk management, reporting, and control can be even more important than any of the factors mentioned above. That is true for any asset management operation but it is even more so for central banks, given the amount of reserves that they manage and the importance of their functions.
Tapentadol and Sleepwalking: A Case Report.

Objective:This is a case report of a patient with sleepwalking likely caused by tapentadol ER secondary to higher than the recommended dose for the treatment of pain.Methods:This report presents th...
Development of Europium-Sensitized Fluorescence-Based Method for Sensitive Detection of Oxytetracycline in Citrus Tissues.

Antimicrobial compounds have been successfully used to control many plant and animal diseases. Recently, oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin have been approved for the treatment of Huanglongbing in citrus. Since the application of OTC is under strict regulations, several methods have been developed to determine and monitor its levels in the environment including high-performance liquid chromatography, ELISA, colorimetric, and fluorometric assays. In this study, we developed a fluorometric method for the determination of OTC in plant tissues based on its complexation with europium. Our preliminary trials showed that phenols and flavonoids interfere with the europium assay by reacting with the sensitizing reagent, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. Consequently, we used the 60 mg hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges to purify the OTC from the plant matrix. The recovery of OTC from spiked leaf samples was 75 ± 7.6%. Using the 500 mg HLB, we were able to detect 0.3 ppm OTC in the final sample extract, which corresponds to 3 µg g−1 fresh weight (FWT). The developed method was successfully used to measure the level of OTC in leaves obtained from trunk-injected trees. The results obtained by the europium method were similar to those obtained using the ELISA assay. We also tested the cross-reactivity of OTC metabolites with the europium method. The 4-epi-OTC showed a high cross-reactivity (50.0 ± 3.6%) with europium assay, whereas α-apo-OTC and β-apo-OTC showed small cross-reactivity. We showed that the europium-sensitized fluorescence-based method can be successfully used to assess OTC in citrus plant tissues after a cleanup step. Our results showed that this method was sensitive, reproducible, and can be used to analyze many samples simultaneously.
How common is active inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis

In patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, the presence of active inflammation is associated with improved efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies. However, the frequency of active inflammation in this patient population is unknown, and is the subject of a new study.
Incidence and patient characteristics of venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

There is paucity of data on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for advanced stage ovarian cancer. We explored the incidence and predictors of VTE in this patient population. We performed a retrospective review of women with primary ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer who received NACT between January 2012 and October 2018 at Cooper University Hospital. Patients with history of VTE, heparin therapy or direct oral anticoagulant use prior to cancer diagnosis were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) after cancer diagnosis. We explored demographic and clinical variables associated with VTE. Of 90 patients included, 25 (28%) were diagnosed with VTE and 16 (64%) had PE. Eight patients were diagnosed after cancer diagnosis prior to the start of chemotherapy and 17 patients during NACT. Most patients had stage III disease and serous adenocarcinoma. There was a trend towards increased risk of VTE for Black patients (OR 3.22; CI 0.997–10.42; P = 0.051). Significantly fewer patients with VTE had debulking surgery (60% vs. 88%, P = 0.005). The risk of DVT increased by 8.7% per year of age (OR 1.087; 95% CI 1.01–1.17). Obesity, smoking status, medical comorbidities, disease stage, histology, invasive diagnostic surgery, and length of NACT were not associated with VTE. The incidence of VTE during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is high. Older age and Black race may increase the risk of VTE, and this morbid complication may adversely impact cancer treatment.
P10 Child Well-Being in the Context of Food Insecurity: A Nutritional Assessment of the Secret Meals for Hungry Children Program

Background In Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 19.8% of children currently experience food insecurity. To reduce the negative health outcomes associated with childhood food insecurity, West Alabama Food Bank (WAFB) distributes food to vulnerable children in elementary schools through their Secret Meals for Hungry Children program (SMP). This program ensures nutritional continuity over the weekend. There are no nutritional guidelines for the SMP meals; however, WAFB aims to provide food items based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Objective The objective of this pilot study was to determine the degree to which the nutritional content of the food distributed in the SMP by WAFB meets the nutritional guidelines as outlined by the 2020-2025 DGA. Study Design, Setting, Participants This study implemented an exploratory research design via qualitative and quantitative methods, including photos and nutrition label content analysis. Two qualitative interviews were conducted with WAFB leadership to contextualize the SMP. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Carbohydrates, protein and sodium content for the items in the SMP bag were compared to the DGA for children 4-8 years of age to determine if the contents sufficiently supplemented daily recommendations. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed in NVivo 12® and themes were identified. Results All 3 measures of nutrition (carbohydrates, protein, and sodium) comprised 89%,78% and 68% of the recommended guidelines for a child 4-8 years of age, respectively. Two key themes arose from the interviews: SMP organization and SMP impact on children's level of food security and overall wellbeing. Conclusion The results indicate that the SMP, according to the DGA, fills the hunger gap for children experiencing food insecurity. SMP provisions were reported to improve overall behavior and functioning at school. These demonstrate the significance of supplemental meals with respect to enhancing behavioral and academic performance for children from vulnerable communities. The implementation of such programs may decrease inequities in learning and overall well-being.