cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subdiffusion and Many-Body Quantum Chaos with Kinetic Constraints

We investigate the spectral and transport properties of many-body quantum systems with conserved charges and kinetic constraints. Using random unitary circuits, we compute ensemble-averaged spectral form factors and linear-response correlation functions, and find that their characteristic time scales are given by the inverse gap of an effective Hamiltonian$-$or equivalently, a transfer matrix describing a classical Markov process. Our approach allows us to connect directly the Thouless time, $t_{\text{Th}}$, determined by the spectral form factor, to transport properties and linear response correlators. Using tensor network methods, we determine the dynamical exponent, $z$, for a number of constrained, conserving models. We find universality classes with diffusive, subdiffusive, quasilocalized, and localized dynamics, depending on the severity of the constraints. In particular, we show that quantum systems with 'Fredkin constraints' exhibit anomalous transport with dynamical exponent $z \simeq 8/3$.
A Cut-and-Fold Self-Sustained Compliant Oscillator for Autonomous Actuation of Origami-Inspired Robots.

Origami-inspired robots are of particular interest due to their potential for rapid and accessible design and fabrication of elegant designs and complex functionalities through cutting and folding of flexible two-dimensional sheets or even strings, that is, printable manufacturing. Yet, origami robots still require bulky rigid components or electronics for actuation and control to accomplish tasks with reliability, programmability, ability to output substantial force, and durability, restricting their full potential. In this study, we present a printable self-sustained compliant oscillator that generates periodic actuation using only constant electrical power, without discrete components or electronic control hardware. This oscillator is robust (9 out of 10 prototypes worked successfully on the first try), configurable (with tunable periods from 3 to 12 s), powerful (can overcome hydrodynamic resistance to consistently propel a swimmer at ∼1.6 body lengths/min or 3.66 mm/s), and long lasting (∼103 cycles); it enables driving macroscale devices with prescribed autonomous behaviors, for example, locomotion and sequencing. This oscillator is also fully functional underwater and in high magnetic fields. Our analytical model characterizes essential parameters of the oscillation period, enabling programmable design of the oscillator. The printable oscillator can be integrated into origami-inspired systems seamlessly and monolithically, allowing rapid design and prototyping; the resulting integrated devices are lightweight, low cost, compliant, electronic free, and nonmagnetic, enabling practical applications in extreme areas. We demonstrate the functionalities of the oscillator with: (1) autonomous gliding of a printable swimmer, (2) LED flashing, and (3) fluid stirring. This work paves the way for realizing fully printable autonomous robots with high integration of actuation and control.
Realizing the data-driven, computational discovery of metal-organic framework catalysts

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated for challenging catalytic transformations due to their well-defined structures and high degree of synthetic tunability. These features, at least in principle, make MOFs ideally suited for a computational approach towards catalyst design and discovery. Nonetheless, the widespread use of data science and machine learning to accelerate the discovery of MOF catalysts has yet to be substantially realized. In this review, we provide an overview of recent work that sets the stage for future high-throughput computational screening and machine learning studies involving MOF catalysts. This is followed by a discussion of several challenges currently facing the broad adoption of data-centric approaches in MOF computational catalysis, and we share possible solutions that can help propel the field forward.
Unique Features of Polarization in Ferroelectric Ionic Conductors

Ferroelectrics that are also ionic conductors offer possibilities for novel applications with high tunability, especially if the same atomic species causes both phenomena. In particular, at temperatures just below the Curie temperature, polarized states may be sustainable as the mobile species is driven in a controlled way over the energy barrier that governs ionic conduction, resulting in unique control of the polarization. This possibility was recently demonstrated in CuInP2S6, a layered ferroelectric ionic conductor in which Cu ions cause both ferroelectricity and ionic conduction. Here, we show that the commonly used approach to calculate the polarization of evolving atomic configurations in ferroelectrics using the modern theory of polarization, namely concerted (synchronous) migration of the displacing ions, is not well suited to describe the polarization evolution as the Cu ions cross the van der Waals gaps. We introduce an asynchronous Cu-migration scheme, which reflects the physical process by which Cu ions migrate, resolves the difficulties, and describes the polarization evolution both for normal ferroelectric switching and for transitions across the van der Waals gaps, providing a single framework to discuss ferroelectric ionic conductors.
Generating text with a theorem prover

The process of documenting designs is tedious and often error-prone. We discuss a system that automatically generates documentation for the single step transition behavior of Statecharts with particular focus on the correctness of the result in the sense that the document will present all and only the facts corresponding to the design being documented.Our approach is to translate the Statechart into a propositional formula, then translate this formula into a natural language report. In the later translation pragmatic effects arise due to the way the information is presented. Whereas such effects can be difficult to quantify, we account for them within an abstract framework by applying a series of transformations on the structure on the report while preserving soundness and completeness of the logical content. The result is an automatically generated hypertext report that is both logically correct and, to a relatively high degree of confidence, free of misleading implicatures.
Cytological features of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla: Two case reports with review of literature

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of ampulla is rare, with only 13 cases reported, and the diagnoses were all based on histology mostly after surgery. We describe two new cases with cytological features of signet ring-cell carcinoma mixed with small-cell carcinoma, and intestinal adenocarcinoma mixed with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Our cases and literature review demonstrate the higher frequency of periampullary-duodenum subtype in MANEC compared with non-MANEC ampullary carcinomas. In accordance, of the 14 MANEC cases with detailed morphology available, the most common glandular components are intestinal-type carcinoma (6/14), followed by goblet carcinoid tumor (3/14), signet ring-cell carcinoma (2/14), pancreatobiliary-type carcinoma (2/14), and pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (1/14). The intestinal-type carcinoma and goblet carcinoid in MANEC are favorable histological types showing no distant metastasis or mortality (0/9) during 6-36 months follow-up. In contrast, the signet ring cell, pancreatobiliary-type carcinoma, and acinar cell carcinoma are unfavorable with distant metastatic rate and mortality rate of 80% (4/5) during 3-16 months follow-up. The combination of favorable glandular histological types with high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (neuroendocrine carcinoma) has a mortality rate of 0% (0/3), whereas the combination of unfavorable glandular types with low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., carcinoid, atypical carcinoid) has a mortality rate of 100% (3/3). In addition, younger age (<40 years) seems to be associated with high mortality rate of 100% (2/2). Overall, cytology preparations are able to make the diagnosis of MANEC and distinguish the subcomponents. Disease progression is apparently driven by the carcinomatous component of the tumor.
A Particle Numerical Model for Wall Film Dynamics in Port-Injected Engines

To help predict hydrocarbon emissions during cold-start conditions the authors are developing a numerical model for the dynamics and vaporization of the liquid wall films formed in port-injected spark-ignition engines and incorporating this model in the KIVA-3 code for complex geometries. This paper summarizes the current status of the project and presents illustrative example calculations. The dynamics of the wall film is influenced by interactions with the impinging spray, the wall, and the gas flow near the wall. The spray influences the film through mass, tangential momentum, and energy addition. The wall affects the film through the no-slip boundary condition and heat transfer. The gas alters film dynamics through tangential stresses and heat and mass transfer in the gas boundary layers above the films. New wall functions are given to predict transport in the boundary layers above the vaporizing films. It is assumed the films are sufficiently thin that film flow is laminar and that liquid inertial forces are negligible. Because liquid Prandtl numbers are typically about then, unsteady heating of the film should be important and is accounted for by the model. The thin film approximation breaks down near sharp corners, where an inertial separation criterion is used. A particle numerical method is used for the wall film. This has the advantages of compatibility with the KIVA-3 spray model and of very accurate calculation of convective transport of the film. The authors have incorporated the wall film model into KIVA-3, and the resulting combined model can be used to simulate the coupled port and cylinder flows in modern spark-ignition engines. They give examples by comparing computed fuel distributions with closed- and open-valve injection during the intake and compression strokes of a generic two-valve engine.
Practical Complexity in Adapting Object Oriented Approach of Systems Analysis and Design

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in adapting object-oriented (OO) concepts, UML, and Unified Process of system development in the Systems Analysis and Design texts. However, there is a question of how to best fit these concepts with the existing coherent discussion of structured approach. This paper addresses some of the intricacies of OO concepts such as complexity of diagrams and models, weak links between phases, and lack of support for designing system components. We would like to recommend that there should be a separate text for the OO methodology and it should not present various OO models according to the phases of the traditional structured approach, rather it should focus on the evolution of the models leading to the design of system components. Furthermore, there should be a standard set of models for the OO methodology as well as a clear definition of steps as an analyst moves from one set of models to the next.
Mentoring-Reminiscence: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

The quality of reminiscence research is often undermined by a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the particular type of reminiscence experience under study. The conceptual meaning of reminiscence...
The use of the Color Trails Test in the assessment of driver competence: Preliminary report of a culture-fair instrument

Studies have shown that the Trail Making Test (TMT) predicts real-world driving performance in individuals who have cognitive deficits. However, because this test requires knowledge of the Latin alphabet, the TMT may not be appropriate for individuals who are illiterate or for those whom English is not their primary language. Because the Color Trails Test (CTT) is not influenced by knowledge of the alphabet, the CTT may be a culture-fair alternative to the TMT. To date, the utility of the CTT in the evaluation of driver competence has not been established. In the current study, individuals referred for a comprehensive driving assessment underwent testing with the TMT and CTT. The results suggest that the CTT and the TMT provide similar information regarding road-test outcome. Thus, the CTT may be a culture-fair alternative to the TMT in the assessment of driver competence.
Atrophic rhinitis: Antibiotic treatment

Atrophic rhinitis is a term used to describe a rare nasal infection. Although it does not have a fatal outcome, cause osteomyelitis, or produce pain, it does induce bilateral nasal obstruction and a persistent foul odor of which the subject and others are painfully aware. The organism most often associated with atrophic rhinitis is Klebsiella ozenae. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of this microorganism have made treatment with orally administered antibiotics difficult. K ozenae was cultured from the nasal cavity of three patients. Two patients were treated for two weeks with tobramycin (MIC, 4 micrograms/ml; 4 mg/kg/day). Odor decreased in one patient, but K ozenae failed to clear. In the second patient both odor and K ozenae disappeared. The third patient was treated for 1 week with tobramycin (MIC, 4 micrograms/ml; 4 mg/kg/day); odor decreased, but K ozenae could still be cultured. She was treated for an additional 2 weeks with topical gentamicin (MIC, 0.5 micrograms/ml) with disappearance of both odor and K ozenae. Intravenous aminoglycoside may be helpful in treating atrophic rhinitis, but topical aminoglycoside may provide an effective and cheaper form of treatment.
Selective acetylation of sterols in imidazole-functionalized surfactant vesicles

Abstract In imidazole-functionalized surfactant coaggregates, acetyl groups are stereoselectively transferred from p -nitrophenyl acetate to 3β vs 3α-cholestanol, and regioselectively transferred to 3β vs 6β-cholestanol.
Bonding in triorganotin pyridines

Abstract A number of new compounds in which a 4-C-bonded pyridine group is attached to an organotin moiety, including (C 6 H 5 3 Sn-py,(C 6 H 5 ) 3 Sn-py NO, and (CH 3 ) 3 Sn-py-Sn(CH 3 ) 3 Cl, have been synthesized, and studied by variable temperature 119m Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy, IR, and 1 H NMR techniques. The bonding interaction between the metal and the heterocyclic ligand can be described without invoking a π-bonding mechanism to account for the resolvable quadrupole hyperfine interaction observed in the Mossbauer spectra of these compounds. The temperature dependence of the 119m Sn recoil-free fraction in these covalent solids is characteristic of monomeric units, but the observed temperature dependence of the area ratio in (CH 3 ) 3 Sn-py-Sn(CH 3 ) 3 Cl is contrary to that expected from the theory of the Gol'danskii-Karyagin Effect.
Diabetes, depression and employment status.

Abstract The relationship among diabetes, depression and employment status was assessed. It was hypothesized that: (1) unemployment would be associated with diabetes; and (2) employability problems would be associated with higher depression levels among diabetic persons than among non-diabetic persons. A case-control design was employed in which the cases ( n = 56) were currently active diabetic patients and the controls ( n = 56) were non-diabetic patients. Subjects were selected from a computerized data base at a primary care clinic located in Orange Country, California, U.S.A. Depression was measured by the CES-D scale. The results were as follows: (1) diabetes was associated with both depression and unemployment; (2) being employed was the most significant predictor of depressive symptomatology followed by being diabetic; and (3) education, type of diabetes, blood sugar level, medication type were not significant predictors of depressive symptomatology in a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Problems of employment among diabetic persons may warrant special employment and counseling programs.
Expression of bacteriophage T4 genes 45, 44, and 62 II. A possible regulatory site between genes 45 and 44

Abstract A cis -acting T4 phage mutation was isolated that resulted in temperature-dependent hyperproduction of the protein products of phage genes 44 and 62. The mutation (named hp6 ), mapped between markers in T4 genes 45 and 44, did not affect T4 45-protein synthesis and may be an alteration of a regulatory region for T4 genes 44 and 62.
High efficiency plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from callus of mature embryo explants of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Tissue culture methods were developed for reproducible induction and maintenance of embryogenic (E) callus established from developmentally mature embryo explants of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Embryogenic callus was obtained by culturing seeds and mature embryos of wheat on Linsmaier and Skoog’s (LS) medium containing 5 or 2 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively, and for sorghum mature embryos on LS medium containing 2 mg/1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg/liter kinetin. Plant regeneration from E callus was achieved for several months and quantified on a fresh-weight basis of E callus. Phenotypically normal plants were regenerated from E callus cultured on LS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter IAA plus 0.5 mg/liter benzyladenine (BA) for wheat and 1.0 mg/liter IAA plus 0.5 mg/1BA for sorghum.
A 0.7W fully integrated 42GHz power amplifier with 10% PAE in 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS

In this paper, we report a fully integrated power amplifier (PA) architecture that combines the power of 16 on-chip PAs using a 16-way zero-degree combiner to achieve an output power of 0.7W with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 10% at 42GHz and a -3dB bandwidth of 9GHz. This is 2.6 times more output power than a recently reported millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) silicon-based PA [1]. The circuit is a fully integrated mm-Wave PA achieving a leading output power approaching 1 Watt in a silicon process.
Molecular Structure, Vibrational Frequencies, and Energetics of the HCO, HOCO, and HCO2 Anions

The structures and vibrational spectra for HCO-, HOCO- and HCO2- have been calculated at high levels of electronic structure theory. The changes in the structure of HCO- relative to neutral HCO are consistent with the predictions from photodetachment experiments. Of the two isomers, HCO2- and HOCO-, the HCO2- anion is predicted to be the more stable. For HOCO-, the cis conformer of lower energy as compared to the trans. Conversely, for neutral HOCO, the trans conformer is lower in energy. The electron affinity of HCO is predicted to be 0.308 eV in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 0.313 eV. The electron affinity of HOCO is predicted to be 1.42 eV and there is no known experimental measurement. The electron affinity of HCO2(2A1) is predicted to be 3.51 eV as compared to the experimental value of 3.498+ 0.015 eV. The 2A1 state of HCO2 is predicted to be the ground state on the basis of theoretical calculations, which are in agreement with the experimental assignment determined from the photoelectron spectra.
Crystallinity and microstructures of aluminum nitride films deposited on Si(111) substrates

Abstract The crystallinity and microstructures of MOCVD AlN films deposited on Si(111) substrates with and without a buffer layer(s) were determined. The buffer layers were a thin 3C–SiC(111) layer produced via conversion of a Si(111) surface and a film stack consisting of graded-Al x Ga 1− x N/GaN/3C–SiC. A randomly oriented polycrystalline AlN film was obtained when this material was deposited directly on the Si(111). The use of a buffer layer led to the growth and coalescence of highly oriented AlN films produced by the coalescence of grains having average misalignments along the c -axis of 1.8° and that on the c -plane of 3.3°. The grains exhibited strongly faceted tips. The 2H–AlN(0001) films grown on a 3C–SiC(111) buffer layers showed adequate crystal perfection for use as a template for growth of single-crystal GaN and/or Al x Ga 1− x N films.
Evaluation of abduction range of motion and avoidance of inferior scapular impingement in a reverse shoulder model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prosthetic design and surgical technique of reverse shoulder implants on total abduction range of motion and impingement on the inferior scapular neck. Custom implants in three glenosphere diameters (30, 36, and 42 mm), with 3 different centers of rotation offsets (0, +5, and +10 mm), were placed into a Sawbones scapula (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, WA) in 3 different positions: superior, center, and inferior glenoid. Humeral sockets were manufactured with a 130°, 150°, and 170° neck-shaft angle. Four independent factors (glenosphere diameter, center of rotation offset, glenosphere position on the glenoid, and humeral neck-shaft angle) were compared with the 2 dependent factors of range of motion and inferior scapular impingement. Center of rotation offset had the largest effect on range of motion, followed by glenosphere position. Neck-shaft angle had the largest effect on inferior scapular impingement, followed by glenosphere position. This information may be useful to the surgeon when deciding on the appropriate reverse implant.
Advanced Age as an Independent Predictor of Perioperative Risk after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG)

While the safety of many bariatric procedures has been previously studied in older patients, we examine the effect of advancing age on medical/surgical complications in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a relatively unstudied procedure but that is trending upwards in use. Patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (RYGB) were extracted from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2005–2012 database. Pre- and postoperative variables were analyzed using chi-square and student t test as appropriate to determine the comparative safety of LSG to RYGB in the elderly. Multivariate regression modeling was used to evaluate whether age is associated with adverse 30-day events following LSG. Of the patients that met the inclusion criteria, 56,664 (84 %) patients underwent RYGB and 10,835 (16 %) underwent LSG. In the LSG cohort, incidence of overall complications, medical complications, and death significantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in rates of 30-day complications, return to the OR, and mortality exist between RYGB and LSG cohorts in patients older than 65 years. The age group of over 65 years independently predicted increased risk for overall and medical complications (OR, 1.748; OR, 2.027). Notably, age was not significantly associated with surgical complications in LSG. In this large, multi-institutional study, advanced age was significantly associated with overall and medical complications but not surgical complications in LSG. Our findings suggest that the risk conferred by advancing age in LSG is predominantly for medical morbidity and advocate for improved perioperative management of medical complications. LSG may be the preferable option to RYGB for elderly patients as neither procedure is riskier with regards to 30-day morbidity while LSG has been shown to be safer with regards to long-term reoperation and readmission risk.
Excited state properties from the equations of motion method. Application of the MCTDHF-MCRPA to the dipole moments and oscillator strengths of the A 1Π, a′3Π, a′3Σ+ and d3Δ low-lying valence states of CO

Abstract By examining the exact operator O λ + which is the solution of the equations of motion-Green's function method, we rederive expressions for non-reference (usually excited) state properties. Hence, additional useful information such as state expectation values, oscillator strengths, and frequency dependent and independent polarizabilities may be easily obtained from an equation of motion-Green's function calculation. With the multiconfigurational random phase approximation (MCRPA), which is equivalent to the multiconfigurational time dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF), excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and excitation operators from the ground states are obtained for the low-lying valence (under 10 eV above the ground state) states of CO at the experimental ground state equilibrium geometry. We apply these techniques to obtain the excited state dipole moments for and oscillator strengths between the A 1 Π, a 3 Π, a′ 3 Σ + , and d 3 Δ states of CO and compare our results to other calculations and experiments.
Predictors of 30-Day Serious Events in Older Patients With Syncope

Study objective We identify predictors of 30-day serious events after syncope in older adults. Methods We reviewed the medical records of older adults (age ≥60 years) who presented with syncope or near syncope to one of 3 emergency departments (EDs) between 2002 and 2005. Our primary outcome was occurrence of a predefined serious event within 30 days after ED evaluation. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of 30-day serious events. Results Of 3,727 potentially eligible patients, 2,871 (77%) met all eligibility criteria. We excluded an additional 287 patients who received a diagnosis of a serious clinical condition while in the ED. In the final study cohort (n=2,584), we identified 173 (7%) patients who experienced a 30-day serious event. High-risk predictors included age greater than 90 years, male sex, history of an arrhythmia, triage systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg, abnormal ECG result, and abnormal troponin I level. A low-risk predictor was a complaint of near syncope rather than syncope. A risk score, generated by summing high-risk predictors and subtracting the low-risk predictor, can stratify patients into low- (event rate 2.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4% to 3.6%), intermediate- (event rate 6.3%; 95% CI 5.1% to 7.5%), and high-risk (event rate 20%; 95% CI 15% to 25%) groups. Conclusion We identified predictors of 30-day serious events after syncope in adults aged 60 years and greater. A simple score was able to stratify these patients into distinct risk groups and, if externally validated, might have the potential to aid ED decisionmaking.
Magnetic focusing in parallel quantum point contacts

Using an air-bridged gate, we have fabricated two closely spaced parallel quantum point contacts (QPC`s) in a GaAs-Al{sub {ital x}}Ga{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}As heterostructure. By biasing the gates appropriately, we have measured the magnetoresistance (MR) at low fields for both single and parallel point contacts. Assuming a parabolic potential, the MR of a single QPC can be quantitatively understood by a previous theory incorporating magnetic-field-suppressed backscattering. However, the MR of two QPC`s in parallel displays resistance peaks, implying a failure of Ohm`s law due to coupling between the channels. These resistance peaks are shown to be due to magnetic focusing of electrons from one channel into the other.
Workshop on transitioning to multicore (TMC 2011): overview abstract

Multicore programming is both prevalent and difficult. Industry programmers deal with large amounts of legacy code and are increasingly relying on multithreading to provide scalability. The Transitioning to MultiCore (TMC) workshop is focused on tools and systems for parallel programming that are interoperable with legacy code, that minimize the annotation burden for developers, and match well with current industry practice. TMC 2011 was comprised of 7 paper presentations, a panel session, and a group discussion. The workshop structure and discussion results are summarized in this document.
Investing in Crisis: The Methods, Strategies, and Expectations of Investors in Single-Family Foreclosed Homes in Distressed Neighborhoods

In the wake of the U.S. foreclosure crisis, the magnitude of homes flowing into investor ownership since 2007 has been unprecedented. Based on interviews with investors and other key informants active on the south and southwest sides of Atlanta, we describe the key aspects of the business models of such investors, including their methods of identifying properties, determining acquisition prices and renovation costs, and managing properties for rent. We also examine their expectations for financial return, including the sensitivity of returns to market and property uncertainties. We conclude with key findings and some recommendations for policymakers.
Rational suicide: Considerations for the clinician

In coming years clinicians will increasingly be confronted by patients declaring their intention to exercise their right-to-suicide or to commit what they describe as a rational suicide. If current trends continue society will adopt a more tolerant stance towards these individuals than in the past. The purpose of this article is to examine the clinical evidence concerning rational suicide in order to provide the clinician with a basis for intervention, or non-intervention, when confronted with such a case. A few initial observations about evolving societal values concerning death and suicide help set the issue in perspective.
TEACHER'S GUIDES AND TEACHERS' CHOICES: IS LESSON PLANNING BY THE BOOK?

Le manuel ne dispense pas le professeur d'organiser par lui-meme le planning de son enseignement, en fonction de ses eleves. Se contenter de suivre le livre est largement insuffisant : il faut adopter un choix d'un point de vue methodologique. Telle est l'argumentation adoptee par l'A. en matiere de pedagogie en education religieuse moderne
Africa: Outdated Representations Continue to Deny Women Autonomy of Their “Personhood”

Africa has made considerable gains since Beijing in improving the status of women in areas such as political and civil rights, family laws, and access to education and jobs. In Kenya, for instance,...
Results of a near-peer musculoskeletal medicine curriculum for senior medical students interested in orthopedic surgery.

Introduction It has been previously demonstrated that medical students do not achieve an adequate musculoskeletal knowledge base on graduation from American medical schools. Several curriculums have been developed to address this measured deficit. Students entering orthopedic surgery residencies have a better musculoskeletal knowledge foundation than their peers but still fail to achieve an acceptable level of proficiency on graduation from medical school. Methods Fourth-year medical students participating in senior elective rotations in orthopedic surgery over a 2-year period were given a series of lectures developed and presented by post graduate year 3 orthopedic surgery residents. Students completed a validated musculoskeletal competency examination and a survey following the conclusion of their experience, evaluating the effect of this curriculum. Results A total of 71 students over 2 years participated in the near-peer curriculum, with all students completing the validated test. The mean score for the students was 83.6%. Of the 71 students, 60 (84.5%) scored more than the previously published passing rate of 73.1%. There was no correlation identified with the mean test scores and the number of previous orthopedic surgery rotations. From the survey, 96% of the students rated the near-peer curriculum as appropriate for their level, whereas 75% noted that their own medical school’s musculoskeletal curriculum was too advanced for their level of training. Conclusion A series of lectures was developed by midlevel orthopedic residents for students interested in pursuing a career in orthopedic surgery. After participation in the curriculum, students scored 30–percentage points higher than a previously published test. This study demonstrates that a resident-initiated, near-peer curriculum increases the fundamental knowledge level of students entering orthopedic surgery. An added benefit appeared to be the skills obtained by the residents who created and delivered the lecture series.
Exploring the Causal Story: Gender, Active Representation, and Bureaucratic Priorities

Using the theoretical framework posited by Keiser et al. (2002), researchers have found active representation for gender in several public organizations (Keiser et al. 2002; Nicholson-Crotty and Meier 2002; Wilkins and Keiser 2006). This article uses individual-level data to explore the causal story behind previous aggregate level findings that suggest that female child support enforcement supervisors provide active representation to female clients, who directly benefit from increased child support collections (Wilkins and Keiser 2006). This article tests whether female child support enforcement supervisors behave differently than their male counterparts. The findings suggest that female supervisors have different priorities and/or spend their time differently than their male counterparts, and these differences may lead to active representation. Using survey data, I examine the individual-level causal story behind the relationship between individuals and bureaucratic priorities.
Drospirenone with 17beta-estradiol in the postmenopausal woman with hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypertension increases with age and also after the menopause; therefore, blood pressure monitoring and effective control of elevated blood pressure are very important in postmenopausal women. The knowledge that aldosterone is a dual cardiovascular and endocrine hormone has blurred the once distinct boundary between gynecology and cardiovascular medicine. Aldosterone plays a major role in salt and water homeostasis, but also binds to mineralocorticoid receptors in the cardiovascular system, leading to structural and functional changes and consequent organ damage. Highly selective aldosterone blockade via the mineralocorticoid receptor has long-term antihypertensive effects. Drospirenone is a novel progestogen with aldosterone receptor antagonism (PARA), and therefore has antihypertensive effects through reduced salt and water retention. A new hormone therapy that combines 17β-estradiol wi...
Bioluminescence in the symbiotic squid Euprymna scolopes is controlled by a daily biological rhythm

In most symbioses between animals and luminous bacteria it has been assumed that the bacterial symbionts luminesce continuously, and that the control of luminescent output by the animal is mediated through elaborate accessory structures, such as chromatophores and muscular shutters that surround the host light organ. However, we have found that while in the light organ of the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes, symbiotic cells of Vibrio fischeri do not produce a continuously uniform level of luminescence, but instead exhibit predictable cyclic fluctuations in the amount of light emitted per cell. This daily biological rhythm exhibits many features of a circadian pattern, and produces an elevated intensity of symbiont luminescence in juvenile animals during the hours preceding the onset of ambient darkness. Comparisons of the specific luminescence of bacteria in the intact light organ with that of newly released bacteria support the existence of a direct host regulation of the specific activity of symbiont luminescence that does not require the intervention of accessory tissues. A model encompassing the currently available evidence is proposed for the control of growth and luminescence activity in the E. scolopes/V. fischeri light organ symbiosis.
Symptomatic angina secondary to coronary-subclavian steal syndrome treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery.

Subclavian artery stenosis causing severely symptomatic angina in a patient with a previous left internal mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery was treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Baseline arteriography clearly revealed subclavian and coronary steal by evidence of competitive flow of nonopacified blood from the left vertebral artery. Although there was a difference of only 15 mm Hg between the right and left brachial arteries, there was a palpable difference in the upstroke of these pulses. The stenosis in the subclavian artery was successfully dilated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Angiographic evidence of subclavian steal resolved following balloon dilatation, and the patient's angina was completely resolved. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Professional Interaction, Relevant Practical Experience, and Intellectual Contributions at Nondoctoral AACSB-Accredited Accounting Programs

In this article, the author discusses a survey of faculty members at nondoctoral AACSB-accredited accounting programs in the United States. The purpose of the survey was to determine the environment for professional interaction and relevant experience in light of institutional demands for intellectual contributions. The findings show that the expected volume of publication and relative emphasis on discipline-based (basic) scholarship have increased, leaving less time for interaction, relevant experience, and other aspects of faculty workload.
Metamorphism in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 24 degrees and 30 degrees N

Metabasites (metabasalts and metagabbros) occur abundantly in association with serpentinites in transverse fracture zones and on walls of the median valley. These metabasites were formed by burial metamorphism probably in deeper parts of the crust and the upper mantle beneath the Ridge crest, and were brought up to the surface of the crust probably by serpentinites rising along fracture zones and by normal faulting along the median valley. The metabasalts are in the zeolite and greenschist facies and a transitional state from the greenschist to the amphibolite facies, whereas metagabbros tend to have been recrystallized at higher temperatures, being in the greenschist and amphibolite facies. Compositionally the metabasites are divided into two groups, I and II. Group I comprises those which retain the approximate composition of the original rocks except for water content, whereas group II comprises those which underwent marked chemical migration, as regards sodium in zeolite-facies rocks and calcium and silicon in greenschist-facies rocks. In rocks of group I, calcic igneous plagioclase remains unaltered, and albite and epidote did not form. This fact, along with the absence of epidote-amphibolite facies rocks, would be due to the low rockpressure during metamorphism. In some rocks of group II, albite and epidote occur. Burial metamorphism takes place probably mainly beneath the Ridge crest where the geothermal gradient is great. The resultant metamorphic rocks are probably of the low-pressure type, and move laterally by ocean-floor spreading to form the main part of the oceanic crust. Contact metamorphic gneisses, probably derived from gabbros, have been found. Some metagabbros were subjected to cataclasis by fault movements along fracture zones and the median valley.
Experimental observations of transient phases during long‐range ordering to Ni4Mo in a NiMoFeCr alloy

Experimental observations are reported of transient phases which form during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo (f.c.c. Dla superlattice) in the quaternary alloy Ni–19.2 at% Mo–1.2 at% Fe–1.06 at% Cr using electron diffraction. In the early stages of ordering during isothermal annealing, diffuse intensity maxima centered at the short-range order reflections {1 1/2 0}f.c.c. and along 〈100〉f.c.c. directions are observed. Subsequently, a DO22 superlattice is generated from the short-range order state. The coexistence of the DO22, Pt2Mo-type, and Dla superlattices is observed in this alloy system which indicates that these three superlattices have similar energy. With continued annealing, both the DO22 and Pt2Mo-type superlattices disappear, indicating that they are transient phases. These results are not inconsistent with the theoretical treatments of ordered alloys which are based on an Ising model with pairwise atomic interactions. Es werden mittels Elektronenbeugung die nichtstationaren Phasen experimentell untersucht, die sich wahrend des Prozesses der Fernordnung zu Ni4Mo (k.f.z. Dla-Supergitter) in der quaternaren Legierung Ni–19,2 At% Mo–1,2 At% Fe–1,06 At% Cr bilden. In den fruhen Zustanden der Ordnung wahrend des isothermen Temperns, werden diffuse Intensitatsmaxima beobachtet, die den Nahordnungsreflexionen {1 1/2 0}k.f.z. und in 〈100〉k.f.z.-Richtungen zentriert sind. Darauffolgend wird ein DO22-Supergitter aus dem Nahordnungszustand gebildet. Die Koexistenz der DO22-, Pt2Mo- und Dla-Ubergitter wird in diesem Legierungssystem beobachtet, was zeigt, das diese drei Ubergitter ahnliche Energie besitzen. Bei fortgesetzter Temperung, verschwinden sowohl das DO22-als auch das Pt2Mo-Supergitter. Das zeigt, das sie nichtstationare Phasen sind. Diese Ergebnisse sind nicht inkonsistent mit den theoretischen Behandlungen von geordneten Legierungen, die auf dem Ising-Modell mit paarweiser atomarer Wechselwirkung beruhen.
New Results on Theory of AA Collisions at RHIC Energy

I discuss recent theoretical work about AA collisions at RHIC energies, largely from our group at BNL and the group at the RIKEN-BNL Center. Most of the discussion is about the impact of the Color Glass Condensate on the production and evolution of matter in heavy ion collisions.
The assessment and prevention of answer copying on undergraduate multiple-choice examinations

Multiple-choice examination answer copying was indexed by a comparison of the numbers of items answered incorrectly, and in the same way, as adjacent and distant classmates. In Experiment I, which involved a regular university examination, significant copying did occur, did not differ from front to rear of the lecture hall, and appeared primarily among individuals seated next to one another. Copying was not related to the order in which the examinations were returned. Number correct was related to turn-in order in a U-shaped fashion. No significant copying appeared in a second experiment, where test performance did not contribute to course grade.
Mum's the word: MOM and modifiers of transcriptional gene silencing.

As complete genomic sequences of model organisms continue to flow from the sequencing centers to an eager scientific community, there is a growing appreciation that full understanding of any genome must consider inherited information that the sequencing magchines cannot detect. The rich history of
A communication-efficient linear system solver for large eddy simulation of jet engine noise

High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools, such as the large eddy simulation technique, have become feasible in aiding the field of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) to compute noise on petascale computing platforms. CAA poses significant challenges for researchers because the computational schemes used in the CFD tools should have high accuracy, good spectral resolution, and low dispersion and diffusion errors. A high-order compact finite difference scheme, which is implicit in space, can be used for such simulations because it fulfills the requirements for CAA. Usually, this method is parallelized using a transposition scheme; however, that approach has a high communication overhead. In this paper, we discuss the use of a parallel tridiagonal linear system solver based on the truncated SPIKE algorithm for reducing the communication overhead in our large eddy simulations. We present theoretical performance analysis and report experimental results collected on two parallel computing platforms.
Injury patterns at Isle Royale National Park: an epidemiologic review of injuries and illnesses sustained in a remote environment.

Objective Isle Royale National Park is a remote island in northern Lake Superior that attracts 16,000 visitors annually. The epidemiology of injuries and illnesses sustained by Isle Royale׳s visitors has not been previously studied. The purpose of this study is to examine these data and evaluate them for injury patterns. Methods This is a retrospective observational study examining the epidemiology of injuries and illnesses sustained during the period from 2008 to 2012. Incident reports completed by park rangers were reviewed and the data sorted according to time of year, time of day, type of medical encounter, and whether the patient was stable, unstable, or required transport. Results Two hundred and seventy patient care reports were obtained from the National Park Service. Sixty-four percent of encounters occurred in July and August, and most patients sought care in the afternoon. Care was provided by park rangers, the majority of whom were trained to the level of emergency medical technician. Fifty-eight percent of cases were trauma related, and 20% of all cases were evacuated. Conclusions The majority of incidents were trauma related. The majority of the rangers on the island are trained to the level of emergency medical technician-B and appear to offer appropriate care to the island's many visitors, utilizing the National Park Service treatment protocols and comprehensive medical kits. In addition, access to advanced medical care is readily available by air and water evacuation.
A BRANCH‐AND‐BOUND APPROACH FOR SEQUENCING EXPANSION PROJECTS

The paper examines the problem of finding a sequence of a finite set of expansion projects to meet a deterministic demand projection at minimum discounted cost. As the general problem is NP-complete, we focus on the case when the demand growth is in the exponential form, which is quite often found in applications of electric power generation, transportation, water resources and communication. We find that projects' annual costs are an effective ranking criteria for determining an optimal expansion sequence. As the annual cost for a project is a function of time or capacity level, an optimal expansion sequence can be obtained easily if dominance orders of the annual costs exist for all pairwise projects, which is likely to be the case for most practical problems. When the annual costs for the projects are in conditional order, a branch-and-bound algorithm has been developed to effectively reduce the searching range. Our extensive computational results show that the approach is very efficient compared with the other approaches and always solves the problem to optimum although the optimality of the approach still remains to be proven.
Aneurysmal rupture without subarachnoid hemorrhage: case series and literature review.

Objective Although an aneurysmal rupture typically presents on computed tomographic (CT) imaging as only subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), it may be associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), or subdural hemorrhage. On rare occasions, however, an aneurysmal rupture may present with IPH or IVH without SAH. Methods The Division of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions maintains a prospective database of all patients treated for intracranial aneurysms at this institution since 1991. Using this database, we identified patients with ruptured aneurysms who presented with IPH or IVH in the absence of SAH on CT imaging. Results Eight hundred twenty-two patients with radiographically documented ruptured aneurysms were admitted from January 1991 through June 2004. Of these, nine patients presented with IPH only, three with IPH and IVH, and one with IVH only, for a total of 13 cases. There were seven posterior communicating artery, four middle cerebral artery, one basilar apex, and one posterior cerebral artery aneurysms. The incidence of aneurysmal rupture with IPH and/or IVH without SAH is 1.6% Conclusion Initial presentation of a ruptured aneurysm without SAH is rare and may have a multifactorial cause attributable to the timing of CT imaging, physiological parameters, or location of the aneurysm. Patients presenting with a head CT scan revealing IPH in the temporal lobe or with IVH should be considered for an urgent workup of a ruptured aneurysm, even in the absence of diffuse SAH.