cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-photon excited emission probing of thin film CdS formed by various techniques

We demonstrate that two-photon spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the intrinsic optical, interfacial and electronic properties of thin film semiconductors. The emission properties of CdS films formed by close-spaced vapor transport (CSVT) on calcium fluoride, by spray pyrolysis on pyrex, and by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on glass were investigated. The films were excited with ultrashort (200 fs) laser pulses at 1.54 eV at room temperature. Though the impinging photon energy is far below the bandgap of CdS (2.45 eV), the excitation caused green bandgap emission due to two-photon absorption. Notably, the emission revealed the intrinsic properties of the films independent of preparation method, doping and substrate. The influence of the substrate/CdS interface on the emission was probed by comparing the spectra measured at face and rear. The PLD films revealed a clear dependence on the experimental geometry by shifting the back emission 40 meV towards lower energies with respect to the front emission. In contrast to this, the emission of films formed by spray pyrolysis and CSVT did not show geometry dependence. Additionally, we show that two-photon spectroscopy is capable of probing bandgap shrinkage. The knowledge of the latter is very useful for the design of laser cavities.
Determination of pentose phosphate and Embden-Meyerhof pathway activities in bovine embryos.

Quantitative determination was made of the activity of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) in individual bovine embryos from the six-cell to the hatched blastocyst stage. Embryos were collected from superovulated cross-bred heifers and classified into good and poor categories. A single embryo in 1 microl of medium was mixed with 2 microl of medium containing 3 to 30 nCi radiolabeled glucose previously placed on a detached lid of the 1.5-ml polypropylene microcentrifuge vial. The lid was then fitted to its vial which had been loaded in advance with 1.5 ml of 0.1 N NaOH. Vials were then incubated at 37 degrees C for 3 h. At the end of the incubation period, a 1.5-ml NaOH trap was inverted and placed into a 20-ml scintillation vial containing 10 ml of aqueous counting solution and counted in a liquid scintillation spectrophotometer. The PPP activity in good-quality embryos was greatest at the six-cell stage and decreased with increasing embryo development. The EMP activity showed the reverse trend. Poor- quality embryos had a lower glucose metabolism and higher PPP activity. Similar measurements were made on embryos following 24 h of culture, and total glucose metabolism and percentage of PPP activity were increased. In conclusion, these data suggest that in good quality bovine embryos total glucose utilization is low until 16-cell stage, with PPP being the predominant pathway. Total glucose utilization increases significantly at the morula stage; EMP activity increases with increasing embryo development; and PPP activity increases significantly in poor quality embryos and in embryos 24 h in culture.
Detection of nanoscale magnetic activity using a single carbon nanotube.

The ultimate conductometric sensor for ferromagnetic activity of nanoscale magnetic materials could be a single carbon nanotube. We show that the electrical conductance of an individual carbon nanotube is sensitive to magnetic transitions of nanoscale magnets embedded inside it. To establish this, multiwall carbon nanotubes were impregnated with cobalt nanoclusters. Temperature dependence of conductance (5 K < T <300 K) of these nanotubes shows the usual Luttinger-liquid power law behavior at higher temperatures and an onset of Coulomb blockade at lower temperatures. At the lowest temperature (T approximately 6 K), the differential conductance (dI/dV versus V) develops aperiodic fluctuations under an external magnetic field B, the rms amplitude of which grows with the magnitude of the field itself. Low-temperature magnetoconductance, studied as function of temperature and bias, can be interpreted in terms of weak antilocalization effects due to the presence of the magnetized clusters. The temperature dependence of magnetoconductance further presents a "peak"-like feature and slow dynamics around T =55 K, which depend on the magnitude and history of the applied B field. These observations indicate a sensitivity of electronic transport in the multiwall nanotubes to the dynamics of nanoscale magnets at low temperature.
ON MINIMAXITY OF SOME ORTHOGONALLY INVARIANT ESTIMATORS OF BIVARIATE NORMAL DISPERSION MATRIX

We consider an orthogonally invariant estimation of Σ of Wishart distribution using Stein’s loss (entropy loss) or a quadratic loss. In these problems the best lower triangular matrix invariant estimators are minimax estimators. Some orthogonally invariant estimators were derived from those minimax estimators. It is conjectured that they are also minimax estimators, but some estimators have not yet been proved to be minimax. In this paper we prove the minimaxity of some estimators when the dimension is two. We also present the necessary conditions for a class of estimators to be minimax when the dimension is two.
Cell mediated immune reactions to tumor antigens with particular emphasis on immunity to human neoplasms

Findings on lymphocyte-mediated destruction of animal and human tumor cells plated in vitro are reviewed. The role of blocking, “unblocking,” “potentiating,” and “arming” serum factors in tumor immunity is discussed. Evidence is presented from studies on human tumors that the in vitro measurement of lymphocyte-mediated tumor cell killing and blocking serum activity (abrogating tumor cell killing by lymphocytes) shows a clinical correlation.
Speech impairment in parkinson's disease is improved by trancranial application of electromagnetic fields

A 52 year old fully medicated physician with juvenile onset Parkinsonism experienced 4 years ago severe “on-off” fluctuations in motor disability and debilitating speech impairment with severe stuttering which occurred predominantly during “on-off” periods. His speech impairment improved 20%-30% when sertraline (75 mg/day), a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was added to his dopaminergic medications which included levodopa, amantadine, selegiline and pergolide mesylate. A more dramatic and consistent improvement in his speech occurred over the past 4 years during which time the patient received, on a fairly regular basis, weekly transcranial treatments with AC pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of picotesla flux density. Recurrence of speech impairment was observed on several occasions when regular treatments with EMFs were temporarily discontinued. These findings demonstrate that AC pulsed applications of picotesla flux density EMFs may offer a nonpharmaco-logic approach to the management of speech distur...
Hepatic hydrothorax: current approaches to diagnosis and therapy

Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a troublesome pulmonary complication that can arise in end-stage liver disease patients and can significantly impair patient quality of life and functional ability. The presence of portal hypertension, the accumulation of ascites, and subsequent fluid translocation through diaphragmatic fenestrations underlies this complication. Other pleural effusion etiologies must be excluded to ensure alternative diagnoses are not the pleural effusion source. Once attributed to HH, management and an optimal patient outcome can be difficult to achieve. This review will discuss the current understanding and various approaches to HH management, with a focus on intrathoracic interventions for this vexing clinical problem.
In Situ Characterization of Soil Clay Content with Visible Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Visible and near-infrared (VNIR, 400-2500 nm) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a rapid, proximal-sensing method that has proven useful in quantifying constituents of dried and ground soil samples. Very little is known, however, about how DRS performs in a field setting on soils scanned in situ. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the feasibility ofVNIR-DRS for in situ quantification of clay content of soil from a variety of parent materials. Seventy-two soil cores were obtained from six fields in Erath and Comanche counties, Texas. Each soil core was scanned with a visible near-infrared spectrometer, with a spectral range of 350 to 2500 nm, at four different combinations of moisture content and pretreatment: field-moist in situ, air-dried in situ, field-moist smeared in situ, and air-dried ground. The VNIR spectra were used to predict total and fine clay content of the soil using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The PLS model was validated with 30% of the original soil cores that were randomly selected and not used in the calibration model. The validation clay predictions had a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 61 and 41 g kg -1 dry soil for the field-moist and air-dried in situ cores, respectively. The RMSD of the air-dry ground samples was between the two in situ RMSDs and comparable to values in the literature. Smearing the samples increased the field-moist in situ RMSD to 74 g kg -1 . Whole-field holdout validation results showed that soils from all parent materials need to be represented in the calibration samples for maximum predictability. In summary, DRS is an acceptable technique for rapidly measuring soil clay content in situ for various water contents and parent materials.
Anomalous-dispersion phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a polymer waveguide.

We demonstrate phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a poled polymer waveguide, using anomalous-dispersion phase matching. Phase matching was achieved between lowest-order fundamental and harmonic modes, TM0ω to TM02ω, at a fundamental wavelength of 815 nm over a propagation length of 32 μm. The maximum conversion efficiency was ηexp = 39%/W cm2, in good agreement with theory.
Oral Manifestations of Hematologic and Nutritional Diseases

Oral manifestations of hematologic and nutritional deficiencies can affect the mucous membranes, teeth, periodontal tissues, salivary glands, and perioral skin. This article reviews common oral manifestations of hematologic conditions starting with disorders of the white blood cells including cyclic hematopoiesis (cyclic neutropenia), leukemias, lymphomas, plasma cell dyscrasias, and mast cell disorders; this is followed by a discussion of the impact of red blood cell disorders including anemias and less common red blood cell dyscrasias (sickle cell disease, hemochromatosis, and congenital erythropoietic porphyria) as well as thrombocytopenia. Several nutritional deficiencies exhibit oral manifestations. The authors specifically discuss the impact of water-soluble vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, and C), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and K) and the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa on the oral mucosa.
Localisation in the Lloyd model

Recent claims that for the Lloyd model in arbitrarily many dimensions electrons are always localised are shown to be ill founded.
Fabrication of intermetallic matrix composites

Abstract Research into the fabrication of intermetallic matrix composites is presented using the Ni 3 AlAl 2 O 3 system as the baseline. The approach combines reactive sintering, powder injection molding, and hot isostatic compaction to form an aligned fiber composite. The individual components to this process are described with example microstructures and mechanical properties. The initial successes and problems are described. The paper concludes with a description of the major remaining processing challenges in the fabrication of intermetallic matrix composites.
Protocol for Projecting Time-to-Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Exposed to Chlorides

Abstract A protocol is described whereby time-to-corrosion, Ti, of reinforcing steel in concrete exposed to chlorides was calculated as a distributed, rather than discrete, parameter. The method consists of inputting (1) an average value for surface [Cl−] and the effective diffusion coefficient, (2) the mean and standard deviation of concrete cover over the reinforcement, and (3) a distribution function for the critical Cl− threshold concentration to initiate corrosion, CT, based upon values previously reported. The calculation result is a cumulative distribution function (CDF) plot of Ti. Example analyses were performed based upon a range of design and material property values of the above parameters for both past and representative, present-day bridge decks and marine bridge substructures. Results for corrosion-resistant reinforcement are compared with those for black bar. It is proposed that reinforced concrete durability should be characterized not simply in terms of the time at which corrosion initia...
Syntheses, Molecular Structures, and Spectroscopy of Gold(III) Dithiolate Complexes.

Two Au(III) dithiolate complexes, [Au(dbbpy)(tdt)]PF6 and Au(η2-C,N-ppy)(tdt), (dbbpy = 4,4‘-di-tert-butyl-2,2‘-bipyridine; tdt = 3,4-toluenedithiolate; ppy = C-deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine), have...
Oxygen isotope effect on critical temperature and phonon modes in YBa2Cu3O7.

The effect of oxygen isotope substitution on ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been studied. Powder samples in which \ensuremath{\sim}90% of the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ has been replaced by $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ have been prepared by gas exchange and compared to $^{16}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}^{16}$O exchanged samples. The phonon frequencies, measured by far infrared spectroscopy, are reduced after $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ exchange. Magnetic measurements of the superconducting transition temperature find a shift of 0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 K, corresponding to \ensuremath{\alpha}=0.017\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006 in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer relation ${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\propto}${M}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$. .AE
Intramolecular C−H Activation Reactions Derived from a Terminal Titanium Neopentylidene Functionality. Redox-Controlled 1,2-Addition and α-Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions

Alkylation of the terminal neopentylidene titanium(IV) complex (L1)TiCHtBu(OTf) (L1- = [Ar]NC(Me)CHC(Me)N[Ar], Ar = 2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3) with LiCH2SiMe3 resulted in formation of the alkylidene−alkyl species (L1)TiCHtBu(CH2SiMe3) (1) in 82% yield. Compound 1 was fully characterized, and the molecular structure disclosed a four-coordinate titanium complex having significant α-hydrogen agostic interaction and possessing terminal alkylidene and alkyl functionalities. Attempts to alkylate (L1)TiCHtBu(OTf) with KCH2Ph in THF resulted in clean deprotonation of the methyl group attached to the β-carbon of the diketiminate ligand to form the four-coordinate titanium(IV) neopentylidene−tetrahydrofuran complex (L2)TiCHtBu(THF) (2; L22- = [Ar]NC(Me)CH(CH2)N[Ar], 64% isolated yield). Complex 2 was fully characterized and revealed a low-coordinate titanium(IV) in a C1 environment, which is supported by a chelating bis-anilide ligand. Alkylation of the alkylidene derivative (L3)TiCHtBu(OTf) (L3- = [Ar]NC(tBu)CHC(tBu)N[Ar],...
Free boundary problems with nonlinear source terms

The method of lines is used to semi-discretize the non-linear Poisson equation over a domain with a free boundary. The resulting multipoint free boundary problem is solved with a line Gauss-Seidel method which is shown to converge monotonically. The method of lines solution is then shown to converge to the continuous solution of the variational inequality form of the obstacle problem. Some numerical results for the diffusion-reaction equation indicate that the method is applicable to more general free boundary problems for nonlinear elliptic equations.
Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic hypothesis for ichthyopterygians is proposed, based on a cladistic analysis of 105 discrete osteological characters coded for 27 ingroup and five outgroup taxa. The monophyly of Ichthyopterygia is established; at least nine characters support its basal node. The group contains two basal species and a clade formed by the Ichthyosauria and Grippidia. All ichthyosaurs from post-Triassic strata form an unnamed clade, which in turn forms the group Euichthyosauria (new taxon) with four Late Triassic genera. The traditional Shastasauridae is poly-phyletic, with Cymbospondylus forming the sistergroup of a clade containing mixosaurs, shastasaurs, and euichthyo-saurs. In addition, Californosaurus and Toretocnemus are not shastasaurs but euichthyosaurs. Two new generic names, Macgowania and Isfjordosaurus, are proposed.
The effect of covalent functionalization of carbon nanotube reinforcements on the atomic-level mechanical properties of poly-vinyl-ester-epoxy

Abstract The effect of covalent functionalization of (5,5)/(10,10)/(15,15) three-wall carbon nanotubes (3WCNTs) on the atomic-level mechanical properties of 3WCNT-reinforced vinyl ester epoxy polymer has been studied using molecular mechanics calculations. Inter- and intra-molecular atomic interactions in the 3WCNT + vinyl ester epoxy polymer system are represented using condensed-phased optimized molecular potential for atomistic simulation studies (COMPASS), an ab initio forcefield that enables an accurate and simultaneous prediction of various gas-phase and condensed-phase properties of organic and inorganic materials. The computational crystal consisting of a periodic array of infinitely long 3WCNTs surrounded by amorphous poly-vinyl-ester-epoxy is constructed using an in-house developed computer program and the amorphous cell tools by Accelrys. All the computations are carried out using Discover, a molecular statics/dynamics program from Accelrys. The results obtained show that covalent functionalization has a profound effect of the matrix-to-nanotube load transfer especially when the loads are applied in a direction orthogonal to the nanotube axis.
Zebra Chip Disease Development in Relation to Plant Age and Time of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Infection.

Abstract A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate plant susceptibility to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease (ZC). Incubation period of ZC, the rate of symptom progress, and the rate of pathogen population growth were evaluated for individual plants infested on different weeks after emergence. In foliage, incubation period was between 21 and 28 days. The pathogen was detected within leaf tissue in 3 to 4 weeks, regardless of the time of infestation. The rates of foliar symptom progress and pathogen population growth were uniform among all infestations. Although symptoms were observed in only 1.3% of tubers from plants infested 2 weeks before harvest, 74% of these tubers tested positive for the pathogen. There was a positive correlation between symptom severity and titer in the foliage. Within tubers, however, the relationship was negative but nonsignificant. Pathogen titer reached detectable levels some time between 7 to 14 days following infestat...
Timing Resolution Study of an Associated Particle Detector for Fast Neutron Imaging

D-T neutron generators have been used as an active interrogation source for associated particle imaging techniques. The D-T reaction yields a 14-MeV neutron and an alpha particle. The kinetics of the reaction allow the directionality and timing of the neutron to be determined utilizing position sensitive detectors for both the alpha and neutron. This information may be used for imaging applications. Since position and timing are required to form images, improved certainty in directional and timing will result in improved imaging performance. This requires maximum light transmission from its origin in the scintillator to conversion at the photosensor. This work is a study of the timing resolution of a first generation associated particle detector. An optical transport code, coupled with a timing model is also used to simulate the timing resolution. Good agreement is shown. Fundamental limits are presented with the aid of simulation and measurements. Based on these results, implications on the next-generation design are discussed.
Five new species of Phyllosticta on Australian native plants

Five new species of Phyllosticta are described and illustrated: P. annulicaudata, P. ashtonii, P. blackwoodiae, P. hemibrunnea , and P. telopeae on Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Alyxia ruscifolia Tristania grandifolia, T. suaveolens , and Telopea speciosissima respectively.
Analysis of the Dynamical Flexibility of Bis-peptide Nanostructures

We present an approach to predict the overall structure and flexibility of bis-peptide nanostructures from electron spin resonance (ESR) distance measurements. These molecules are composed of conformationally restricted monomers, and results on a series of bis-peptide oligomers containing four to eight monomers are presented. On the basis of molecular dynamics (MD), a joint-stiff segment model is generated to represent the bis-peptide backbones. A scheme is established to exploit information on end-to-end distance distribution functions obtained by ESR to optimize the force fields used in the joint-stiff segment model. The model provides end-to-end distribution functions for the oligomers that better fit the ESR results than those originally obtained from MD simulations. The results also provide information on the distribution of orientations of a monomer with respect to the preceding monomer. An optimized orientational angle of γγ 0 was -21.06°. The other angles were consistent with MD predictions. The optimized force constants of k α = 2.144 kcal/(mol· rad 2 ), kp = 3.245 kcal/(mol·rad 2 ), ky = 2.876 kcal/(mol·rad 2 ), and kββ = 3.041 kcal/(mol·rad 2 ) were found. Information of these orientational parameters enhances our ability to predict the shapes and flexibility of new oligomers constructed using an arbitrary number of this monomer.
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF DIAMINOPHENOXYPENTANE IN THE RAT RETINA : PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHT DAMAGE

The retinotoxic drug diaminophenoxypentane (DAPP) was administered to rats to determine its long term effects on rhodopsin levels, retinal morphology and the retina's susceptibility to damage from visible light. In rats given 2 intraperitoneal injections of DAPP at doses of 65 mg/kg body wt, there was a dramatic and sustained loss of rhodopsin. One wk later visual pigment levels were 41% lower than in comparable dark maintained rats injected with saline. Rhodopsin levels in the DAPP treated rats remained lower than in control animals for the 13 wk period of the study. Morphologically, the ROS of rats 1–2 wks after DAPP treatment exhibited some disorganization and shortening; the RPE was unremarkable. Seven wks after DAPP treatment an occasional focal area of damage was seen in the RPE. Similarly, focal areas of degeneration were seen in the outer nuclear layer between the rows of photoreceptor cells. As determined by photoreceptor cell nuclear counts, the retinotoxic effect of DAPP persisted long after dr...
Vascular Nitric Oxide: Formation and Function.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a structurally simple, highly versatile molecule that was originally discovered over 30 years ago as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. In addition to its vasorelaxing effects, NO is now recognized as a key determinant of vascular health, exerting antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties within the vasculature. This short-lived molecule exerts its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets largely through cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent mechanisms, resulting in a multitude of molecular effects by which platelet activation and aggregation are prevented. The biosynthesis of NO occurs via the catalytic activity of NO synthase, an oxidoreductase found in many cell types. NO insufficiency can be attributed to limited substrate/cofactor availability as well as interactions with reactive oxygen species. Impaired NO bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction, a common abnormality found in many vascular diseases. In this review, we present an overview of NO synthesis and biochemistry, discuss the mechanisms of action of NO in regulating platelet and endothelial function, and review the effects of vascular disease states on NO bioavailability.
Preventing Catastrophic Failures with Weak Forewarning Signals

We consider the problem of a firm facing failures with weak forewarning signals. In the base model that we study, the firm watches for signals of a random arrival of a disruptive innovation and continuously updates the posterior probability that a disruptive innovation has already happened. A disruptive innovation is marked by a rapid increase in the growth rate of the market for a new technology, and it is followed by a random arrival of catastrophic failure of the firm. The firm can invest capital to adopt the innovation to prevent failure. The optimal policy is to adopt it when the posterior probability exceeds an optimally chosen threshold. We investigate the probability of failure under the optimal policy when the cost of failure is large and the arrival rate of disruptive innovation is low. The probability of failure is close to one if the arrival rate is extremely low while it is close to zero if the arrival rate is moderate. We also consider an extension of the base model to incorporate recurrence of disruptive innovation; when the arrival rate is moderate, the optimal threshold and the failure probability can be significantly larger than those of the base model.
NEGOTIATING QUALITY OF WORKLIFE, PRODUCTIVITY AND TRADITIONAL ISSUES: UNION MEMBERS’PREFERRED ROLES OF THEIR UNION

Recognizing the importance of the union in successfully implementing quality of worklife programs, numerous commentators have called for union-management collaborative programs. In response to these pleas, recent studies have addressed union activists’perceptions of their unions’roles in negotiating quality of worklife as well as other issues. Although important, these studies have focused on the union leadership and have generally failed to consider the rank and file union members' views. The primary objective of the present study was to examine union members’preferred roles of their union in negotiating quality of worklife, productivity, and traditional bargaining issues. A second purpose was to explore the correlates of their views concerning the union's role in dealing with these issues. Using data collected from 171 members of a railroad, union, the results showed that members’ support for union involvement tended to vary depending upon the type of issue in question. They strongly preferred collective bargaining when dealing with traditional union concerns and joint union-management efforts when quality of worklife issues were involved. In predicting preferred union-management cooperation, the importance of the individual predictors varied across the types of negotiation issues. However, attitudinal measures were generally found to be more important in explaining members’preferences than demographic or union participation measures. The results are discussed in terms of implications for implementing joint union-management programs.
Monitoring nitrogen status of corn with a portable chlorophyll meter

Abstract Portable chlorophyll meters have been reported to provide a new tool to rapidly assess the nitrogen (N) status of growing crops, but need further validation. This study was conducted on growers’ fields to determine if the portable chlorophyll meter is an accurate tool to monitor the N status of irrigated corn (Zea mays L.), thereby allowing producers to make in‐season N application decisions. Results indicate that the chlorophyll meter can be used to separate N responsive from non‐responsive treatments, but it is sensitive to differences in corn hybrid. Chlorophyll meter readings at the 6‐leaf (V6) growth stage were not correlated with final grain yield. However, meter readings at the tasseling (VT) growth stage were predictive of grain yield response at seven of eight research sites. Optimal reading times for in‐season N management were at the V10 and VT stages. Variability in leaf greenness requires a careful sampling technique and a sample size of approximately 30 leaves per field to accuratel...
School psychology consultation: “Frenzied, faddish, or fundamental?”

Abstract A review of the current school psychology literature reveals that the term consultation is increasingly used to describe a variety of intervention goals and processes. The history of the consultation role in school psychology and the background and assumptions of three currently popular consultation models are discussed. Finally, suggestions are offered for more precise usage of the term consultation in order to accurately describe, implement, and research the school psychologist's roles.
Nuclear corrections to hyperfine structure in light hydrogenic atoms

Hyperfine intervals in light hydrogenic atoms and ions are among the most accurately measured quantities in physics. The theory of QED corrections has recently advanced to the point that uncalculated terms for hydrogenic atoms and ions are probably smaller than 0.1 parts per million (ppm), and the experiments are even more accurate. The difference of the experiments and QED theory is interpreted as the effect on the hyperfine interaction of the (finite) nuclear charge and magnetization distributions, and this difference varies from tens to hundreds of ppm. We have calculated the dominant component of the 1s hyperfine interval for deuterium, tritium, and singly ionized helium, using modern second-generation potentials to compute the nuclear component of the hyperfine splitting for the deuteron and the trinucleon systems. The calculated nuclear corrections are within 3% of the experimental values for deuterium and tritium, but are about 20% discrepant for singly ionized helium. The nuclear corrections for the trinucleon systems can be qualitatively understood by the invoking of SU(4) symmetry.
Highlights of The Association for Strategic Planning's 2004 conference, “Strategy in a turbulent world”

Purpose – To present the highlights of The Association for Strategic Planning's 2004 conference, “Strategy in a Turbulent World”.Design/methodology/approach – S&L Contributing Editor Stan Abraham attended the conference and selected the most interesting presentations for his report.Findings – Highlights include: Dwight Allen, “Globalization at risk,” David La Piana, “Nonprofit organizations,” Peter Bershatsky, “Managing innovation,” and Doug Randall, “Imagine the future.”Research limitations/implications – These are conference presentations with various research methodologies.Originality/value – In his presentation, Dwight Allen suggests that great uncertainty exists as to how international or global trade might develop. Faced with such uncertainty, strategists should undertake scenario planning to develop flexible strategies that can be implemented in a variety of futures.
Financial Analysis Ratios Utilized in Community Pharmacies

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of independent and chain community pharmacies in Nebraska that perform ratio analysis on financial statements. Surveys were returned by 154 of 273 (56.4%) randomly selected community pharmacies throughout Nebraska. Findings indicate that community pharmacies do perform ratio analysis on financial statements although to varying degrees. The ratio most frequently used by community pharmacies was the Gross Margin Percentage (70.9%). Independent community pharmacies reported average ratio usage of 47.7% whereas chain community pharmacies reported average ratio usage of 32.0%. Adjustments in operations (based on ratio analysis) generally provided positive results for the majority of respondents.
Studies on the "aerobic" acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: purification, crystallization, and physical properties of the enzyme.

A procedure for the purification of a stable acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACS) from aerobic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. The steps include differential centrifugation, solubilization of the bound enzyme from the crude mitochondrial fraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, crystallization to constant specific activity from ammonium sulfate solutions followed by Bio-Gel A-1.5 m column chromatography. The resulting enzyme preparation is homogeneous as judged by chromatography on Bio-Gel columns, QAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange columns, analytical ultracentrifugal studies, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sedimentation velocity runs revealed a single symmetric peak with an s(sub (20,w)) value of 10.6. The molecular weight of the native enzyme, as determined by gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation, is 250,000 +/- 500. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the molecular weight of the single polypeptide chain is 83,000 +/- 500. The purified enzyme is inhibited by palmityl-coenzyme A with a Hill interaction coefficient, n, of 2.88. These studies indicate that the ACS of aerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of three subunits of identical or nearly identical size.
Magnetic remanence mechanisms in iron and iron-nickel alloys, metallographic recognition criteria and implications for lunar sample research

Mechanisms responsible for remanent magnetization in lunar samples are different from mechanisms for terrestrial samples simply because lunar samples contain iron and iron alloys, while terrestrial samples contain oxides as major remanence carriers. Nine new remanence mechanisms for iron and iron-nickel alloys are proposed in this paper, and their characteristics are summarized. The remanence mechanisms are MTRM (Martensitic), DARM (Duplex Anneal), RCRM (Recrystallization), SRRM (Shock Transition), TPRM (Transition Point), TMRM (Transformation), RMRM (Reverse Transformation), TSRM (Shock Twinning), DCRM (Precipitation). Specific metallographic criteria for recognition of phase structures associated with the mechanisms are briefly described, and micrographs of some of the phase designations are presented. Magnetic remanence properties for iron-nickel alloys are dependent on the amount of nickel and on the thermal history of the alloy. Specific phase structures associated with some transformations impart high magnetic stability even in large grains of metal and alloys (≳ 1 mm). The proposed mechanisms may apply to the complete size range of metal in the lunar samples (∼0.002μm to 1000μm). It is likely that magnetic remanence properties in lunar samples will have to be reinterpreted in terms of the proposed mechanisms.
Third-harmonic generation from a laser-induced autoionizing level.

A nonperturbative theory is presented for the gas polarization induced by two lasers. The first laser ionizes Li(2s) by three-photon absorption, with the first two photons in resonance with the 3d level. A second laser stimulates recombination into the 3s level, thereby inducing an autoionizing-like structure in the continuum. It is found that the polarization (and hence possibly third-harmonic generation) is enhanced near the induced resonance.
Mitochondrial SIRT3: A New Potential Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Syndrome

In this issue of Molecular Cell , Hirschey et al. demonstrate that loss of the NAD + -dependent deacetylase SIRT3 and resultant mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, providing new insights into the therapeutic potential of SIRT3.
Impact Mechanics of Composite Materials for Aerospace Application

Next-generation aircraft engines made of lighter and stronger fiber-reinforced polymer composites are envisioned to replace the conventional metal ones. To certify these engines, ballistic impact tests and related computational analyses should be performed to simulate a “blade-out” event in a catastrophic engine failure. To meet this objective, several papers on extensive numerical computational models derived from basic constitutive relations to failure analyses and experimental evaluation of strain-rate-dependent behavior of resin matrix are presented in the first series in this two-series July and October 2008 special issue on Impact Mechanics and High-Energy Absorption Materials. Goldberg and his coworkers conducted a combined experimental and analytical study to evaluate the loading and unloading behavior of polymers. In particular, the effects of strain rate and hydrostatic stress on the nonlinear regions of the deformation response were characterized. The load and unload tests of polymers under tension, compression, and shear at several strain rates were performed, and a modified constitutive law based on the state variable originally developed for metals was considered to model the nonlinear unloading behavior. A good correlation between the experimental results and analytical constitutive modeling was observed in their study. Zhu, Chattopadhyay, and Goldberg presented a modified Hashin failure model to characterize different failure modes related to high-velocity impact of composite laminates, and their computational study showed that the model is capable of simulating shear failure, delamination, and tearing failure of composite laminates under high-velocity impact. Zheng and Binienda incorporated the rate dependence of elastic modulus of the polymer matrix constituent in an existing constitutive model originally developed for metal and analyzed the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation behavior of polymer matrix composites. The state variable-based viscoplastic equations were modified to account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses in the polymer matrix, and they were implemented within a strength-of-materials-based micromechanics method to predict the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation of the polymer matrix composites. The proposed models were then input in LS-DYNA as user-defined materials UMATs to simulate the deformation behaviors of polymers and polymer matrix composites for a wide range of strain rates. Cheng and Binienda developed a simplified methodology to model 2D triaxially braided composite plates under impact of a soft projectile using an explicit nonlinear finite-element
Intrapleural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain and blood levels of bupivacaine following intrapleural injection

An epidural type catheter was placed in the pleural space under direct vision before the closure of the chest in 24 patients who underwent thoracotomy for various types of lung or aortic surgery. All patients received intrapleural injections of 20 ml of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine with or without epinephrine as initial pain therapy. Patients also received subsequent doses of a similar volume of 0.375 per cent bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 up to four times a day for a maximum duration of seven days. Good pain relief was achieved in patients who underwent lateral and posterior thoracotomies. No pain relief was achieved in patients who underwent anterior thoracotomy or in patients in whom there was excessive bleeding in the pleural space. Bupivacaine blood concentrations were measured in 11 patients following the initial dose of 20 ml of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine (with epinephrine 1:200,000 in five of the 11 patients). The mean peak plasma concentration of bupivacaine when used with epinephrine was 0.32 ± 0.02 μg·ml-1. The mean peak plasma concentrations of bupivacaine when used without epinephrine was 1.28 ± 0.48 μg·ml-1. Our present data show that intrapleural analgesia is useful in the management of postoperative pain in patients who undergo thoracotomy. Our data also show that there is a significant decrease in peak plasma concentrations of bupivacaine when epinephrine is added to the solution (P < 0.05).
Capsid Assembly in Small, Unenveloped Icosahedral DNA and RNA Viruses

There are two distinct mechanisms for the assembly of viral capsids. (1). In some cases, such as DNA bacteriophage, protein-protein interactions are strong, and protein-nucleic acid interactions are weak. Under suitable conditions, the proteins assemble into a capsid spontaneously, and the nucleic acid is then driven into the capsid by an ATP-driven motor. (2) In other cases, such as some single-stranded RNA viruses, protein-protein interactions are weak, while protein-nucleic acid interactions are strong. The capsids of these viruses do not assemble in the absence of the genome, but viral assembly occurs spontaneously if both the nucleic acid and the protein are present; no energy source is required. We are investigating both of these processes, using coarse-grained molecular mechanics models. The simplest model treats the assembly of bacteriophage capsids using a truncated triangular pyramid to represent the asymmetric unit, with van der Waals forces to promote association. For this model, the size and structure of the aggregates is sensitive to the dihedral angle between subunits (i.e., to the angle at the peak of the pyramid). Over a small range of angles, a solution containing isolated subunits at submicromolar concentrations will quickly assemble into spherical aggregates with twenty subunits each, and these become icosahedral when the temperature is lowered; this corresponds to the formation of T=1 viral particles. We are exploring a number of issues for these model bacteriophage, including: conditions yielding T=3 and higher structures; assembly of asymmetric units and mature viruses from quasi-equivalent monomers; and the effects of model cations.
The relation of cumulative amount and frequency of rainfall and mean temperature to late blight in Indiana

Temperature and rainfall amount and frequency data from Bluffton, Hungtington, Washington, Princeton and Shoals, Indiana were analyzed in relation to the occurrence of late blight in northern and southern Indiana for the period 1915 through 1951.
Parameter estimation for the beta distribution

Moment estimators, based on the first two sample moments, for the two index parameters of the beta density (known end-points) are studied. Four moments of these estimators are set up using Computer Oriented Extended Taylor Series (COETS) to 60 terms followed by rational fraction approximations. These indicate, over a limited parameter space, that allowing for simplicity of calculation and other characteristics they are preferable to maximum likelihood estimators.
Carbon dioxide concentration in soil. Effects on nitrification, denitrification and associated nitrous oxide production

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of a range of CO2 concentrations (ambient to 100%) on nitrification, denitrification and associated nitrous oxide (N2O) production in a silt loam soil. It was found that increase in CO2 concentration from 0.3 to 100% CO2 increasingly retarded the rate of nitrification. No nitrification occurred at 100% CO2. Nitrous oxide production associated with nitrification increased as CO2 increased from 0.3 to 2.6% and tended to be greater as CO2 concentration increased to 73%. At 100% CO2, no N2O was produced during 7 days at 25°C
Dissociation of alcohol seeking and consumption under a chained schedule of oral alcohol reinforcement in baboons

Background: Initiation and maintenance of compulsive alcohol drinking involves a sequence of behaviors which occur in the presence of environmental cues. Animal models using chained schedules of alcohol reinforcement may be useful for examining the complex interactions between cues and alcohol-seeking and -consumption. Methods: Four baboons self-administered alcohol under a 3-component chained schedule of reinforcement; distinct cues were presented in the context of different behavioral contingencies associated with gaining access to 4% w/v alcohol (alcohol-seeking) and concluding with alcohol self-administration. First, the response strength of alcohol-related seeking responses was evaluated using a between-sessions progressive ratio (PR) procedure in which the response requirement to initiate the final contingency and gain access to the daily supply of alcohol was increased each session. The highest response requirement completed that resulted in alcohol access was defined as the breaking point (BP). Second, water was substituted for alcohol and PR procedures were repeated. The effects of increasing the “seeking” response requirement on subsequent alcohol or water consumption were also determined. Results: When alcohol was available, operant responses to gain access to and self-administer alcohol were maintained. When water was substituted for alcohol, alcohol-related cues continued to maintain alcohol-seeking responses. However, higher BPs, higher rates of self-administration and higher volumes of intake occurred when alcohol was available compared with water. Increasing the response requirement to gain access to alcohol did not reduce alcohol consumption (total alcohol intake). Conclusions: These results show that alcohol-related cues maintained alcohol-seeking even after a prolonged period of only water availability. Cue-maintained alcohol-seeking behavior can be dissociated from subsequent alcohol consumption.
An FPTAS for minimizing a class of low-rank quasi-concave functions over a convex set

Abstract We consider the problem of minimizing a class of quasi-concave functions over a convex set. Quasi-concave functions are generalizations of concave functions and NP-hard to minimize in general. We present a simple fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for minimizing a class of low-rank quasi-concave functions. Our algorithm solves a polynomial number of linear minimization problems and computes an extreme point near-optimal solution. Therefore, it applies directly to combinatorial 0 - 1 problems where the convex hull of feasible solutions is known.
Contraception as Health? The Framing of Issue Categories in Contemporary Policy Making

This study examines the changing classification of contraception vis-a-vis health insurance within legislative, legal, and administrative venues at the state and national levels. It brings together research on categorization and framing in public policy discourse to show (a) how categorization processes shape not only groups of people but also policy issues and (b) how framing can operate not only within issue categories but also to construct issue categories themselves. Through attention to the larger policy-making trajectory and an in-depth state-level case study, the author develops a typology of categorization frames and explores the likely outcomes of categorization in recent health care reform.
Organizational Dynamics: Understanding the Impact of Organizational Structure in Team Productivity

While new EDA tools and proven IP cores result in considerable improvement in IC design productivity, but they are not sufficient for today's increasing IC complexity. Understanding the impact of organizational dynamics and investing in advanced program management solutions are necessary, which is exactly the topic that this paper addresses. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the Management Track of DAC.
Sickle Cell Disease and Associated Seizures

The prevalence of cerebral vasculopathy in 76 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), with and without seizures, and of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion abnormality in those with recent seizures, was determined in a study at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
End‐user collection building behavior in Flickr

This article analyzes photoset and group naming conventions in Flickr to gain insight into the collection building behavior of Flickr users. It appears that individual user photosets are focused more on the components of the user's context and evolve from the bottom-up based on selected shared attributes of the user's photos. Group collections, on the other hand, seem to be organized more around general concepts or discussions of group members' work and constructed top-down by matching the photo attributes to the purpose of the group. The article identifies ten categories of attributes that users might use for forming digital photo collections and compares these to earlier research.