cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-session re-search: in pursuit of repetition and diversification

Search engine users regularly re-issue queries that are the same or similar to ones they have previously issued. In this paper we study this act of query re-issuing, called re-search, focusing on multi session re-searching from an information seeking perspective. By focusing on the series of repeat or similar queries where the user shows a continued interest, new patterns of behavior not previously seen arise. We find that the well-studied re-finding behavior is only a piece of the re-search puzzle, and that even amidst repeated re-findings users exhibit diversification and novelty seeking behaviours for many re-search queries. This suggests diversity and re-finding behaviors should be jointly modelled and captured in evaluation measures, instead of being studied as two separate problems as is seen in many previous approaches.
Temperature dependence of magnetic hysteresis of RCo x :Co nanocomposites (R=Pr and Sm)

The temperature dependence of magnetic hysteresis of RCox:Co (R=Pr and Sm) nanocomposite films is reported. These films are prepared by dc and rf sputtering and subsequent thermal processing. It is found that the squareness of the hysteresis loops deteriorates with decreasing temperature. This is attributed to the enhanced magnetic anisotropy of the hard phases at low temperatures. The analysis of the magnetic reversal process shows that the anisotropy enhancement leads to a transition from cooperated to independent behavior. This analysis agrees well with the experimental results.
INFLUENCE OF INTER-RUNG DISTANCE ON SELF-PREDICTION AND SUCCESS

Summary.-19 6-yr.-old boys participated in a two-part experiment on horizontal inter-rung distance. The first part was limited to self-prediction, and in the second part the boys were asked to use a hanging-swing movement between pairs of variable distance horizontal rungs. The variable distances ranged from 24 to 59 in. A sideview of each boy's movement performance was recorded on 16-mm motion film for later analysis using a stopaction projector. The results indicated rung distance did not affect the accuraq of selfprediction, but it did influence success of the task and frequency of jumping. The percentage of successful trials decreased as inter-rung distance was increased. Jumping movements became more frequent as inter-rung distance increased. Twelve- to 18-in. distances are used by playground designers between horizontal rungs designed for hand suspensions and swinging movements (Hewes, 1975). These rung-distances are used along the designer-assumed movement path of the child. Since children do not always follow the intended route, they may encounter large inter-rung distances within a piece of playground equipment or between pieces of playground equipment. The gaps between horizontal rungs on child-created pathways may be much larger than 18 in. One purpose of this project was to determine the influence of longer inter-rung distances on self-prediction of successful hanging-swinging transfers between rungs. Another purpose was to determine the influence of inter-rung distance on the frequency of less-controlled jumping movements between rungs. Prior research relating to hanging-swinging equipment for young children has primarily been limited to the age-appropriateness and struccural design of climbing ladders (Gutteridge, 1937; Hottinger, 1970). Technical reports prepared for the Consumer Product Safety Commission have discussed the relationship among horizontal rung diameter, size of the child's hands, and grip on the horizontal rungs.' Nineteen 6-yr.-old boys participated in a two-part experiment. During Part 1, self-predictions were recorded after each boy was placed in a standing position holding onto an initial overhead horizontal rung with feet resting on a foot rest. The boys were shown the actual horizontal rungs at varying distances. Self-predictions were limited to "yes," "no," or "maybe." The "maybe"
Automated Text Detection and Recognition in Annotated Biomedical Publication Images

Images in biomedical publications often convey important information related to an article's content. When referenced properly, these images aid in clinical decision support. Annotations such as text labels and symbols, as provided by medical experts, are used to highlight regions of interest within the images. These annotations, if extracted automatically, could be used in conjunction with either the image caption text or the image citations (mentions) in the articles to improve biomedical information retrieval. In the current study, automatic detection and recognition of text labels in biomedical publication images was investigated. This paper presents both image analysis and feature-based approaches to extract and recognize specific regions of interest (text labels) within images in biomedical publications. Experiments were performed on 6515 characters extracted from text labels present in 200 biomedical publication images. These images are part of the data set from ImageCLEF 2010. Automated character recognition experiments were conducted using geometry-, region-, exemplar-, and profile-based correlation features and Fourier descriptors extracted from the characters. Correct recognition as high as 92.67% was obtained with a support vector machine classifier, compared to a 75.90% correct recognition rate with a benchmark Optical Character Recognition technique.
On the interaction of ongoing cognitive activity and the nature of an event‐based intention

Three experiments were conducted to explore the interaction between the nature of an event-based prospective intention and the ongoing activity in which it was embedded. Following the basic predictions of E. A. Maylor's (1996, 1998) task appropriate processing framework, we orthogonally crossed semantic and structural ongoing activities with intentions to respond to semantic and structural event-based cues. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found a cross-over interaction in which the match of the ongoing task and the nature of the intention resulted in better event-based performance than a mismatch between the two. Experiment 3 attempted to define boundary conditions for these effects by demonstrating that the task appropriate processing effect will not occur when event-based cues are particularly salient. The implications of the results and suggestions for further investigations are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core-Penetrating Rydberg Series of BaF: Single-State and Two-State Fits of New Electronic States in the 4.4 </= n* </= 14.3 Region.

Abstract We report results of optical–optical double-resonance studies of the Rydberg states of the BaF molecule in the energy region of E = 33 100–38 200 cm−1 (4.4 ≤ n* ≤ 14.3). Barium monofluoride molecules have been produced in a resistively heated high-temperature oven from BaF2 powder mixed with a small amount of boron powder. We have observed more than 50 new electronic states. Forty-nine of them have been rotationally analyzed and assigned to eight Rydberg series (four 2Σ+, one 2Π, two 2Δ, and one 2Φ). Single-state and two-state fits have been carried out. Multiple local perturbations have been analyzed. Formation of supercomplexes in the Rydberg spectrum of BaF has been discussed.
Sensory Evaluation of French Fries Fried in Four Oils: Extra Caliber ZTF Samples A & C, Advantage Cotton Soy Blend, and Advantage Low Linoleic Soybean Oil

Foodservice companies have begun developing frying oils that significantly reduce trans fats; the challenge, however, is ensuring these products still satisfy consumer demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the sensory characteristics of four trans-fat-free oils that contain different ingredients using french fries as the medium. A total of 507 panelists completed sensory evaluations for french fries prepared in the different oils for five days based on temperature, appearance, color, taste, texture, flavor intensity, and overall liking. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare sensory characteristics of each type of oil on each day. The comparison results found significant differences among four samples for appearance, color, and texture but no differences for taste, flavor, and overall liking. This study suggests that strong alternatives do exist for those seeking to switch to oils offering greater nutritional benefits without compromising appearance, flavor, taste, or ...
Redefining the role of lymphocytes in gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis

SUMMARY Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and reflux esophagitis (RE) overlap clinically and histologically. RE is characterized by epithelial infiltration with small numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils, EoE by a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate. Lymphocytic esophagitis (LE), a new entity characterized by peripapillary lymphocytosis, questions the role lymphocytes play in esophageal inflammation. We test the hypothesis that lymphocyte infiltration in RE differs from EoE. One blinded pathologist read esophageal biopsies from 39 RE and 39 EoE patients. Both groups demonstrated significant numbers of lymphocytes (RE 22.7 ± 2.2/HPF, EoE 19.8 ± 1.8/HPF). Eosinophils/HPF in RE and EoE were 2.8 ± 0.7 and 74.9 ± 8.2, respectively (P < 0.001). Neutrophils were uncommon in RE (0.26 ± 0.16/HPF) and EoE (0.09 ± 0.04; P = 0.07). Eight of the 39 RE specimens had ≥50 lymphocytes in ≥1 HPF. Two were consistent with LE. There was an inverse correlation between numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes in EoE (R = −0.47; P = 0.002), and no correlation between them in RE (R = 0.18; P = 0.36). The patients with EoE who used antireflux medications had fewer lymphocytes (16.3 ± 1.3 vs 22.2 ± 2.3/HPF; P = 0.030) and eosinophils (55.6 ± 5.2 vs 76.0 ± 8.7/HPF; P = 0.042) than those who did not. The pathological role of lymphocytes in RE and EoE may be underestimated. Our observation that 5% of the RE specimens meet histopathological criteria for LE potentially blurs the line between these entities. The observation that eosinophil counts are lower in EoE when antireflux meds are used supports the notion that reflux plays a role in the clinical expression of EoE.
Acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure alters Ca2+ ATPase activity in neuroendocrine and gonadal tissues in mice

Acute administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (50 mg/kg) at puberty (35–40 days) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Ca2+ ATPase activity in hypothalamic plasma membranes but increased, although not significantly, enzyme activity in hypothalamic tissue obtained from adult mice. In contrast, testicular Ca2+ ATPase activity was increased in pubertal THC-treated males, and significantly reduced in adults. Pituitary Ca2+ ATPase activity exhibited a dose-related decrease after acute THC administration at 0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg, but there were no differential effects of age. Pituitary plasma membranes obtained from THC-treated males did not respond to in vitro exposure to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH, 10−7 M) with the marked reduction (∼ 40%) in Ca2+ ATPase activity observed in pituitaries from oil-treated controls. In addition, effects of THC appear specific for Ca2+ ATPase activity, since Mg2+ ATPase and Na+/K+ ATPase activities were not affected. These findings indicate that acute in vivo administration of THC influences Ca2+ membrane transport, in particular Ca2+ ATPase activity. These effects occur at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, are related to dose and developmental age at exposure, and also appear specific for Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity. Furthermore, THC exposure modulates pituitary sensitivity to LHRH receptor-mediated effects on Ca2+ ATPase activity. Therefore, effects on Ca2+ membrane transport may be involved in acute THC actions on hormonal activity at these HPG sites.
Some time series properties of corporate cash recovery rates

. Empirical research into corporate cash recovery rates has, in part, relied on arguments leading to the assumption that these rates are reasonably stable over time. Equivalently, the process generating firms' cash recovery rates is assumed to be mean reverting. Empirical findings of this study on the time series properties of corporate cash recovery rates failed to validate this assumption. In particular, the results indicate that the overall processes generating levels and first differences of cash recovery rates can adequately be described by a first-order autoregressive process and a first-order moving average, respectively. The paper discusses some implications of these results for the theoretical modeling of the internal rate of return/cash recovery rate relationship and the empirical research based thereon. Resume. Les recherches empiriques en matiere de taux de recouvrement de tresorerie des societes ont ete fondees en partie sur une augmentation menant a l'hypothese d'une stabilite raisonnable de ces taux dans le temps. Autrement dit, le processus generateur des taux de recouvrement de tresorerie pour les firmes est suppose de type moyenne mobile. Les resultats empiriques de cette etude sur les proprietes des series chronologiques de taux de recouvrement de tresorerie n'ont pas permis de valider cette hypothese. En particulier, les resultats indiquent que les processus generateurs globaux et les differences d'ordre un des taux de recouvrement de tresorerie peuvent etre adequatement decrits, respectivement par un processus autoregressif d'ordre un et un processus de moyenne mobile d'ordre un. L'article discute de quelques consequences de ces resultats quant a la modelisation theorique de la relation entre le taux de rendement effectif et le taux de recouvrement de tresorerie, et quant a la recherche empirique fondee sur celle-ci.
NMR analysis of rhodopsin-transducin interactions.

Abstract Heterotrimeric G-protein activation by an agonist-stimulated G-protein coupled receptor (R∗) requires the propagation of structural signals from the receptor interacting surfaces to the guanine nucleotide-binding pocket. Employing high-resolution NMR methods, we are probing heterotrimer-associated and rhodopsin-stimulated changes in an isotope-labeled G-protein α-subunit (Gα). A key aspect of the work involves the trapping and interrogation of discrete R∗-bound conformations of Gα. Our results demonstrate that functionally important changes in Gα structure and dynamics can be detected and characterized by NMR, enabling the generation of robust models for the global and local structural changes accompanying signal transfer from R∗ to the G-protein.
Influence of birefringence on the signal quality of magnetooptic disks using polycarbonate substrates

Magnetooptic (MO) disks using polycarbonate (PC) substrates were investigated. Birefringences of the PC disk substrates molded with different methods were measured. Signal qualities for MO disks with the PC disk substrates were also measured and the effect of the birefringence on the signal quality was estimated.
Percutaneous retrieval of a fractured surgical drain from the deep perineal soft tissues: technical note.

A case is presented in which a fragment of a surgical drain was retrieved from the deep presacral soft tissues using interventional techniques originally evolved for intravascular retrieval, thereby avoiding reoperation.
Cosmological consequences of grand unification beyond SU(5)

Abstract We examine the cosmological consequences of new types of fermions generally present in GUTs based on unitary groups larger than SU(5) which break down to SU(5) at ultralarge energies. We find that some SU(5) singlet fermions in such theories tend to have masses small compared to 10 15 GeV. If sufficiently light (or massless) such particles affect He abundance unacceptably. If heavier (but still light compared to 10 15 GeV) the decays of such particles generate entropy and thus greatly suppress n B / n γ . Such theories also contain ultraheavy fermions. Their decays are shown to be a prime source of singlet fermions. It is also shown that the decays of ultraheavy fermions generate entropy which tends to suppress the contribution to n B / n γ from usual mechanisms. These decays may themselves, however, generate a baryon asymmetry.
Duality and Inferential Semantics

It is well known that classical inferentialist semantics runs into problems regarding abnormal valuations [3, 6, 10]. It is equally well known that the issues can be resolved if we construct the inference relation in a multiple-conclusion sequent calculus. The latter has been prominently developed in recent work by Greg Restall [13], with the guiding interpretation that the valid sequent Γ \vdash ∆ says that the simultaneous assertion of all of Γ with the denial of all of ∆ is incoherent. However, such structures face signiﬁcant interpretive challenges [14, 19, 20], and they do not provide an adequate grasp on the machinery of the duality of assertions and denials that could (a) provide an abstract account of inferential semantics; (b) show why the dual treatment is semantically superior. This paper explores a slightly diﬀerent tack by considering a dual-calculus framework consisting of two, single-conclusion, inference relations dealing with the preservation of assertion and the preservation of denial, respectively. In this context, I develop an abstract inferentialist semantics, before going on to show that the framework is equivalent to Restall’s, whilst providing a better grasp on the underlying proof-structure.
Transmembrane segment peptides can disrupt cholecystokinin receptor oligomerization without affecting receptor function

Oligomerization of the G protein-coupled cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor has been demonstrated, but its molecular basis and functional importance are not clear. We now examine contributions of transmembrane (TM) segments to oligomerization of this receptor using a peptide competitive inhibition strategy. Oligomerization of CCK receptors tagged at the carboxyl terminus with Renilla luciferase or yellow fluorescent protein was quantified using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Synthetic peptides representing TM I, II, V, VI, and VII of the CCK receptor were utilized as competitors. Of these, only TM VI and VII peptides disrupted receptor BRET. Control studies established that the beta2-adrenergic receptor TM VI peptide that disrupts oligomerization of that receptor had no effect on CCK receptor BRET. Notably, disruption of CCK receptor oligomerization had no effect on agonist binding, biological activity, or receptor internalization. To gain insight into the face of TM VI contributing to oligomerization, we utilized analogous peptides with alanines in positions 315, 319, and 323 (interhelical face) or 317, 321, and 325 (external lipid-exposed face). The Ala317,321,325 peptide eliminated the disruptive effect on CCK receptor BRET, whereas the other mutant peptide behaved like wild-type TM VI. This suggests that the lipid-exposed face of the CCK receptor TM VI most contributes to oligomerization and supports external contact dimerization of helical bundles, rather than domain-swapped dimerization. Fluorescent CCK receptor mutants with residues 317, 321, and 325 replaced with alanines were also prepared and failed to yield significant resonance transfer signals using either BRET or a morphological FRET assay, further supporting this interpretation.
Incorporation and metabolism of 14C-labeled tryptophan-3 in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman

1. 1. When 14C-labeled tryptophan-3 was injected into boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, the amount of radioactivity in the free amino acids pool dropped quickly at first and then more gradually until the twelfth hr post injection. Incorporation into the lipoprotein and protein fractions also peaked at 12 hr but with the nucleic acids, incorporation was gradual. 2. 2. All RNA bases were labeled early (4 hr) but complete labeling of the DNA bases did not occur until 18 hr postinjection. The amount of labeling varied with time. 3. 3. The lipid fraction was labeled, but activity was too low to determine the extent of incorporation into individual fatty acids. 4. 4. Both essential and non-essential amino acids were labeled.
DWELLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND HOME ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICIES: A WESTERN U.S. PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the energy beliefs of western U.S. residents. Data from the Western Regional Project W-159, ‘Consequences of Energy Conservation Policies for Western Region Households' were analysed. Using a sample of 5,471, respondents' beliefs about the energy efficiency of their current dwelling and actual energy saving features were compared. A significant Kendall correlation was found and these two measures were then used to divide the sample into two groups, respondents with energy efficient dwellings and respondents with energy inefficient dwellings. Chi-square analyses yielded significant differences between the two subsamples' beliefs about the seriousness of the U.S. energy problem and whether to solve it by conserving energy or increasing production. The two sub-samples' beliefs about a series of mandatory and incentive energy conservation policies were compared. For all policies except requiring home energy audits, significant differences were found between the two subsamples' beliefs. Overall, the incentive energy conservation policies were favoured over the mandatory policies. Sample respondents with energy efficient dwellings were more often opposed or strongly opposed to the incentive policies than were the respondents with energy inefficient dwellings.
F-actin Re-organization Through MARCKS and Myosin II Activity Regulates Quantal Exocytosis

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and play a crucial role in determining the appropriate physiological response to stressors. Under diverse physiological conditions, differential release of catecholamines and vasoactive peptide transmitters helps determine the appropriate metabolic status and physiological response. As both classes of transmitters are contained within the same dense core secretory granule, their differential release must be regulated after granule fusion with the cell membrane. At basal firing rates, catecholamines are selectively released though ‘kiss-and-run’ fusion events characterized by a restricted exocytic fusion pore. Under acute stress, increased sympathetic input elevates cytosolic calcium, driving dilation of the fusion pore and expulsion of both catecholamines and the proteinacious core through the ‘full-collapse’ exocytic mode. Thus, activity-dependent differential transmitter release is regulated by fusion pore dilation. Previously, we showed that F-actin and myosin II play an important role in regulating the transition from ‘kiss-and-run’ exocytosis to ‘full-collapse’ exocytosis. Here, we employ electrochemical, electrophysiological and fluorescence based approaches to further investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the transition in secretion mode. We show that under light stimulation, myristoylated-alanine-rich¬-c-kinase-substrate (MARCKS) and myosin II remained inactive and cortical F-actin stabilizes ‘kiss-and-run’ fusion events. Increased cell stimulation resulted in activation of myosin II and MARCKS. The result was disruption of the actin cortex and collapse of the ‘kiss-and-run’ fusion event. These data demonstrate a role for activity-evoked cytoskeletal re-arrangement through the action of myosin II and MARCKS and define their roles as regulators of the sympathetic stress response.
American Women and Political Participation: The Impacts of Work, Generation, and Feminism

Karen Beckwith examines the patterns of mass-level political participation among American women from 1952 to 1976. Four distinct forms of political participation are focused upon: voting, electoral activism, conventional nonelectoral participation, and political protest. She then tests three explanations considered unique to the political participation of women in these areas: the nature of women's work; women's experience in political generations; and adherence to or support of feminism. Surprisingly, Beckwith's study indicates that such traditional explanations reveal more about men than about women, and that there is very little difference in participation between the sexes. However, Beckwith found that reported feelings of political efficacy among women were less than among men, even where actual participation differences were nonexistent.
Design Evolution of the Glenoid Component in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

In the early 1970s, Dr. Charles Neer introduced the first glenoid component. The final design was an all-polyethylene component that was keeled and cemented, with conforming humeral and glenoid radii of curvature. In 1982, Dr. Neer was the first author to report successful pain control following total shoulder replacement surgery1. Glenoid replacement has improved patient satisfaction, pain control, and clinical outcomes (Fig. 1)2,3. However, to this day, there remains concern regarding the longevity of the glenoid component, which may be considered the weak link of a total shoulder replacement. Glenoid loosening has been reported as the most common reason for revision total shoulder replacement4-8. In one series, forty-four (59%) of seventy-four failed total shoulder arthroplasties were associated with unstable glenoid components9. Fig. 1 Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of the shoulder of a patient with osteoarthritis and posterior subluxation that were treated with total shoulder arthroplasty. The detection of radiolucent lines surrounding the glenoid component has been used as an indication of glenoid component failure. Radiolucent lines surrounding a glenoid component have been reported as early as immediately postoperatively, with the reported prevalence increasing over time to as high as 90%6,8,10,11. However, the correlation of radiolucent lines with clinical loosening is uncertain, and the rate of revision due to loss of fixation has only been reported to be between 0% to 7%4,7, …
Robust compensation of a force-balanced high-Q gyroscope

Force feedback has been widely used in low-Q sensors to improve bandwidth, drift, and other sensor characteristics, but its use in high-Q vacuum packaged gyroscopes for similar benefits has been hindered by closed-loop instability caused by the highly under-damped higher-order resonances of the sensor. This paper presents a compensation technique that uses positive feedback to overcome this stability challenge. The technique has been experimentally verified in a SigmaDelta closed-loop readout interface with a vacuum-packaged vibratory-rate gyroscope.
Evaluating applicants to emergency medicine residency programs

This article reviews the pertinent literature related to the selection process of medical students to emergency medicine residency programs. The impact that academic performance in medical school, the interview, letters of recommendation, and other achievements have on the performance of the future resident are reviewed. All articles identified by an English language MEDLINE search were reviewed by the authors as to significance to the subject. Review of relevant literature indicates that no precise correlation can be made between performance in medical school and achievements during the residency, although there seems to be a correlation between academic performance in medical school and similar performance on board certification examinations.
Structure from Motion via Two-State Pipeline of Extended Kalman Filters.

We introduce a novel approach to on-line structure from motion, using a pipelined pair of extended Kalman filters to improve accuracy with a minimal increase in computational cost. The two filters, a leading and a following filter, run concurrently on the same measurements in a synchronized producer-consumer fashion, but offset from each other in time. The leading filter estimates structure and motion using all of the available measurements from an optical flow based 2D tracker, passing the best 3D feature estimates, covariances, and associated measurements to the following filter, which runs several steps behind. This pipelined arrangement introduces a degree of noncausal behavior, effectively giving the following filter the benefit of decisions and estimates made several steps ahead. This means that the following filter works with only the best features, and can begin full 3D estimation from the very start of the respective 2D tracks. We demonstrate a reduction of more than 50% in mean reprojection errors using this approach on real data.
On the Theory of the Structure of Mars

Martian structure theory, comparing mathematical model based on earth long term evolution and ad hoc models
Scenario-Based Planning for Partially Dynamic Vehicle Routing with Stochastic Customers

The multiple vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a hard and extensively studied combinatorial optimization problem. This paper considers a dynamic VRPTW with stochastic customers, where the goal is to maximize the number of serviced customers. It presents a multiple scenario approach (MSA) that continuously generates routing plans for scenarios including known and future requests. Decisions during execution use a distinguished plan chosen, at each decision, by a consensus function. The approach was evaluated on vehicle routing problems adapted from the Solomon benchmarks with a degree of dynamism varying between 30% and 80%. They indicate that MSA exhibits dramatic improvements over approaches not exploiting stochastic information, that the use of consensus function improves the quality of the solutions significantly, and that the benefits of MSA increase with the (effective) degree of dynamism.
Yeoman Farming in Oxfordshire from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth

Current views regarding the decline of yeoman farming in England, 294. — The situation in Oxfordshire from 1755–1832 as shown by the Land Tax returns, 298. — Comparison of the conditions of 1785 with those of the sixteenth century, 308. — Effect of the enclosures of 1755–1832 upon yeoman farming in Oxfordshire, 313. — Connection between earlier enclosures and yeoman farming, 320. — Antecedent conditions needing investigation, 323.
Kaolin particle film associated with increased cotton aphid infestations in cotton

Highly reflective white kaolin-based particle film was sprayed on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), plots in south Texas during 2004 and 2005 to observe its effect on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Populations of cotton aphids on the ventral surfaces of leaves in the kaolin-treated plots were greater than in non-treated control plots during both years. Alate cotton aphids were attracted less to white than to other pan trap colors, and parasitism by Lysiphlebus spec. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was either unaffected or greater in the kaolin-treated plots, hence these two factors (color and parasitism) do not explain the increased infestations in the treated plots. However, mean temperatures on the ventral surfaces of kaolin-treated cotton leaves were cooler than those of control leaves. The observed temperature difference where cotton aphids reside on cotton leaves is a potential reason for the greater infestations in the kaolin treatment plots. Our study demonstrates that applications of kaolin can exacerbate a pest infestation in cotton.
Periodic contrast-enhanced computed tomography for thermal ablation monitoring: A feasibility study

Image-guided tumor ablation is rapidly gaining acceptance for treating many tumors. While imaging diagnosis, treatment targeting and follow-up continue to improve, little progress has been made in developing practical imaging techniques for monitoring ablation treatments. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) to monitor ablation zone growth with 2 min temporal resolution. Highly constrained back-projection (HYPR) post-processing is applied to the time-series of CECT images, improving image quality by a factor of four after acquiring ten time frames. Such improvements limit the amount of radiation and iodinated contrast material required to visualize the ablation zone, especially at early time points. Additional study of periodic CECT with HYPR processing appears warranted.
Stretching and folding in finite time

Complex flows mix efficiently, and this process can be understood by considering the stretching and folding of material volumes. Although many metrics have been devised to characterize stretching, fewer are able to capture folding in a quantitative way in spatiotemporally variable flows. Here, we extend our previous methods based on the finite-time curving of fluid-element trajectories to nonzero scales and show that this finite-scale finite-time curvature contains information about both stretching and folding. We compare this metric to the more commonly used finite-time Lyapunov exponent and illustrate our methods using experimental flow-field data from a quasi-two-dimensional laboratory flow. Our new analysis tools add to the growing set of Lagrangian methods for characterizing mixing in complex, aperiodic fluid flows.
Formation of SrTiO3 bicrystals using spark plasma sintering techniques

Abstract In this study, strontium titanate bicrystals with a twist grain boundary were successfully formed using a spark plasma sintering apparatus. Diffusion bonding was accomplished at high pressure and fast heating, and provides a novel method to form bicrystals at lower temperatures and accelerated time scales compared to more established techniques. Scanning electron microscopy was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of successful interfacial bonding. Atomic resolution imaging using transmission election microscopy techniques combined with spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements confirm a clean and atomically abrupt interface free of secondary phases.
Orientation-dependent structural phase diagrams and dielectric properties of PbZr 1 -x Ti x O 3 polydomain thin films

The orientation-dependent equilibrium ferroelectric domain structures and dielectric properties of polydomain ${\mathrm{PbZr}}_{1}{}_{\ensuremath{-}}{}_{x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films are investigated using a phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic model. We develop and describe three-dimensional polydomain models for (001)-, (101)-, and (111)-oriented films and explore the evolution of the structure and dielectric permittivity of the system as a function of epitaxial strain across the composition range $0.5\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1.0$. Our studies reveal that the film orientation, epitaxial strain, and composition can combine in unexpected ways to drive exotic phase stability and transformations which have intriguing implications for the properties. In particular, in (101)- and (111)-oriented films, the application of epitaxial strains along non-$\ensuremath{\langle}001\ensuremath{\rangle}$-type crystallographic directions significantly reduces the stability range of the parent tetragonal phase [which is dominant in (001)-oriented films] and results in a variety of new symmetries. We also observe that the film orientation can be used to tune the relative fraction of intrinsic (i.e., within a domain) and extrinsic (i.e., from domain wall motion) contributions to the dielectric permittivity. Ultimately these studies reveal how composition, epitaxial strain, and film orientation provide for comprehensive control of the structure and properties of ferroelectrics.
Attraction of Flying Scolytus multistriatus to Cut Wood of Three Elm Species in California

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) was significantly more attracted to bolts freshly cut from Ulmus procera Salisb., than to U. pumila L. and U. parvifolia Jacq. and unbaited controls in a pure stand of U. procera . Beetle attraction to U. parvifolia was significantly lower than to U. procera and U. pumila and did not differ from that of unbaited controls. In contrast, the response of beetles to bolts of U. procera and U. pumila was not significantly different in a pure stand of U. pumila .
Distribution of Histamine among Leukocytes and Platelets

1. Platelets and lymphocytes free of other white elements of blood have been analysed for histamine by a microchemical method. Platelets were found to contain 1280 µg. per liter or .009 µg. per 109 platelets, lymphocytes 2600 µg. per liter, or 0.6 µg. per 109 cells. 2. The histamine content of neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes has been calculated by multiple regression from histamine measurements on one series of blood samples from normal adults and another from subjects with chronic myelocytic leukemia. The normal values are 1080 µg. per l09 basophils and 160 µg. per 109 eosinophils or 2,400,000 and 360,000 µg. per liter respectively. The corresponding values for neutrophils are 3 µg. per 109 cells and 7000 µg. per liter. The values for the histamine concentration per cell are statistically significant for basophils and eosinophils, but not for neutrophils. In the leukemia series, the values for neutrophils and basophils are respectively 69 and 305 µg. per 109 cells, and they are statistically significant. The difference from normal in the value for basophils was not statistically validated. There are, however, in chronic myelocytic leukemia, histological changes from the normal that are consonant with a decreased histamine content in basophils and an increased histamine content in eosinophils and neutrophils. 3. Although definite values for the histamine content of monocytes and the immature forms seen in chronic myelocytic leukemia have not been obtained, there is reason to believe that the histamine of these cell types does not exceed that of neutrophils. 4. By centrifuging white cells in a specific gravity gradient column, partial segregation of cell types was obtained. Peak concentrations were observed at the followihig specific gravities: lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, 1.063; myelocytes, normal lymphocytes and basophils, all near 1.070; neutrophils, 1.080, and eosinophils, 1.080 or higher. Although individual concentration peaks were usually quite sharp, there was considerable overlapping at intermediate specific gravities. 5. About half of the histamine of normal blood is in the basophils, one-third in the eosinophils and the remaining one-sixth in all the other blood elements combined. In blood samples from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, the fraction of blood histamine carried by each type of granulocyte varies widely.
A Study on Sexual Differences of Memory from Audial Source-Monitoring Based on the Signal Detection

In order to further explore the characteristics of the individual differences in memory so as to guide the development and improvement of individual memory,this paper analyzes the sexual differences of male and female on memory to bisexual auditory source by means of signal detection,and the results shows that there is a significant between male and female in memory to auditory source,man's memory to male-sound source is stronger than women's,women's memory to female-sound source is stronger than man's,and suggests that the sexual differences on memory to bisexual auditory source are mainly manifested in the judgment rather than in the sense.
A survey of root canal treatment in Saudi Arabia: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the methods and practices used in root canal treatment in Saudi Arabia. METHOD A questionnaire was developed and distributed in 2010-2011 to a simple random sample of 205 dental practitioners and distributed among private and governmental sectors in 8 different Saudi Arabian cities. The questions were designed to provide understanding of the awareness and knowledge of dentists regarding the new instruments and modern techniques that exist in the practice of endodontics. Completed questionnaires were analyzed in terms of a simple summary statistic. RESULTS A total of 85.9% of the practitioners responded. The majority of respondents reported using step-back instrumentation as their main root canal preparation technique (79%) and K-type files as intracanal instruments (75%). Overall, 47% of respondents did not use intracanal medications in their practice. Cold lateral compaction was the method of choice for 86% of respondents. Only 3%, however, used magnification devices and only 20% used electronic apex locators. Among those who indicated using rotary nickel titanium files, 80% use a ProFile system. CONCLUSIONS In Saudi Arabia, there are traditional trends in practice that do not appear to be supported by scientific evidence. The results of this survey demonstrate the importance of integrating evidence-based practice concepts into teaching curriculums, continuous education courses, and postgraduate studies. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate this trend.
Amniotic fluid evaluation and the management of erythroblastosis fetalis

Amniotic fluid has been examined from 102 Rh-sensitized, 3 ABO incompatible, and 14 control pregnancies. The absorbance at 450 mμ (ΔOD 450 ) has been related to fetal outcome. A classification of the ranges and rates of change of ΔOD 450 in patients has been made to facilitate management (I, IIA and IIB, and III). Of 29 Class I babies, 7 underwent exchange transfusion but all 7 had hematocrit values of greater than 44 per cent. Of 9 Class IIA babies, one was transfused. Of 17 Class IIB, 13 were transfused, 3 died neonatally. Of 39 in Class III, 11 of 13 babies died without intrauterine transfusions; of 26 transfused, 14 were live-born and 9 survived neonatal life. The effect of light, heat, cold, and other possible factors which might influence the handling and results of amniotic fluid evaluation were also examined. The management of patients falling into each class has been discussed.
Conservation of the rifamycin sensitivity of transcription during T4 development.

Role of Host RNA Polymerase in Phage Development: Conservation of the Rifamycin Sensitivity of Transcription during T4 Development
The influence of familial factors on post rabies exposure vaccination in rural habitats

Objective To understand the current situation of potential exposure to rabies among the rural habitants in Hunan province,and to study the impact related to familial factors on post rabies exposure vaccination.Methods In total,40 villages from 20 townships of 4 counties were selected by multistage sampling method.Study samples were selected from these villagers and familial basic information and vaccination post rabies exposures were recorded through questionnaires.Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results Among 3042 villagers from 864 households being surveyed,124 person-time exposures were found from January,2009 to October,2010,with a total exposure rate as 4.08％,and the annual average exposure rate as 2.33％.Data from univariante analysis showed that the rates on post rabies exposure vaccination were statistically correlated with the following four factors:knowledge on the score of rabies prevention (x2 =8.260,P =0.042),whether being involved in the new type of rural cooperative medical care (P =0.035),family disposable cash income in the year of 2009 (x2 =10.831,P =0.031),distance between the households and the health facilities in towns and townships (x2 =9.071,P=0.033).Results from logistic regression analysis indicated that the score of knowledge on rabies prevention (OR=1.420,95％CI:1.055-1.905) and the annual disposable cash income of the family in 2009 (OR=1.480,95％ CI:1.044-2.098) were independent factors that influencing the rabies vaccination.Conclusion Strengthening the education programs on rabies prevention in rural habitants and increasing family income were feasible way to increase the rate of rabies vaccination in rural areas of Hunan province. Key words: Rabies; Exposure; Vaccination; Family factors
Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Have Persistent Neurological Deficits (S53.003)

Objective: To characterize the neurologic sequelae of Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors in Liberia. Background: The neurologic complications of EVD remain unknown. Since March 2014, there have been 10,672 reported cases with 4,808 fatalities in Liberia alone. Design/Methods: EVD survivors (n=87) enrolled in the ongoing Prevail III EVD natural history study were examined by a team of neurologists. A standardized assessment was used at the survivors’ 6-month study visits to collect information on neurologic symptoms during and after EVD and to document neurologic examination findings. Four survivors with head trauma with loss of consciousness and one with schizophrenia prior to EVD were excluded from analysis. Results: Of 82 EVD survivors, the mean age was 34.6 years (SD=11.0). 53.0[percnt] were female. 69.5[percnt] of survivors were admitted to an Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) for more than 14 days. The most commonly recalled new neurologic symptoms during or after the ETU admission were: headache, depressed mood, weakness, myalgia, and memory loss. Severe neurologic manifestations included hallucinations, meningitis, and coma. Severe manifestations were found in half of the survivors, and the remaining half had moderate manifestations. The most commonly reported ongoing symptoms were weakness, headache, depressed mood, memory loss, and myalgia. Two patients were actively suicidal and one had active hallucinations. The most common neurologic findings were abnormalities of eye pursuits and saccades in nearly two thirds of the cohort; tremor and abnormal reflexes, and abnormal sensory findings in one third, and frontal release signs in a sixth. Nearly all survivors had some neurologic disability as measured by the Modified Rankin Scale. Conclusion: Neurologic abnormalities following Ebola virus disease involved subcortical structures, cerebellar pathways, and sensory peripheral nerves and were present in most survivors. Evaluations of uninfected contacts of the survivors are ongoing and will allow for additional insight into the neurologic burden of EVD. Controls are in the process of being evaluated to determine which of these findings are Ebola-specific. Participants examined have been seen so far at only one point in time, thus it is unknown whether the symptoms will persist or resolve. Study Supported by: NINDS and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, both components of the National Institutes of Health, and the Liberian Ministry of Health. Disclosure: Dr. Bowen has received research support from the American Academy of Neurology and the University of Florida Department of Neurology. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Steinbach has nothing to disclose. Dr. Billioux has nothing to disclose. Dr. Summers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azodi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ohayon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schindler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nath has nothing to disclose.
Set-Theoretic Structure

The purpose of this chapter is to present a brief review of certain basic set-theoretic concepts. The reader already familiar with these concepts may skim the chapter to develop familiarity with the notational conventions and then go on to Chapter 3.
Improving the long pulse width failure current of NPN in BiCMOS technology

The pulse width dependency of the failure current for NPN structures in a 0.18-μm BiCMOS technology is studied using measurements and TCAD simulation. The desired “Wunsch-Bell” behavior is not observed due to formation of current filaments in this device; however, the failure current for long pulse widths can be increased by layout changes.