cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise, changes in aerobic capacity, and changes in self-perceptions: An experimental investigation

Abstract Subjects in an exercise training condition participated in a 10-week aerobic exercise class, whereas subjects in waiting-list control and independent control conditions did not. The results indicated that subjects in the training condition evidenced reliably greater improvements in physical fitness (aerobic capacity) and reported reliably greater improvements in their abilities and confidence in both the physical area (e.g., ability to run distances) and nonphysical area (e.g., frustration tolerance) than did subjects in the control conditions. On the other hand, improvements in physical fitness were not related to reported improvements in abilities and confidence. These findings are of interest because they indicate that some of the important personal changes that are associated with physical fitness training are not due to changes in fitness, but appear to be due to other factors (e.g., group participation and expectancies).
Rights to land and resources in Argentina's Alerces National Park

Alerces National Park, created in 1937 to protect temperate forest ecosystems in Argentina's southern Andes, contains 42 families within its borders. Grazing is the principal livelihood strategy of most park inhabitants. Domesticated animals, however, are not compatible with the conservation objectives of park authorities, who are promoting tourism as a sustainable alternative to livestock. Park inhabitants are less enthusiastic about tourism. They lack a meaningful role in negotiating rights to land and resources, and they have been marginalised from conservation planning. This could be alleviated by titling parts of Alerces National Park to park inhabitants and providing them with shared management responsibilities.
Electronic structure of solid 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene under uniaxial compression: Possible role of pressure-induced metallization in energetic materials

The electronic structure of the energetic crystalline solid TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) has been studied as a function of uniaxial compression, in order to examine the insulator-to-metal transition. Both ab initio density-functional theory and configuration interaction methods have been used to determine band gaps. Band-gap closure is found to begin near 47% uniaxial strain. A lower bound for the metallization pressure is predicted at 120 GPa, far above the detonation pressure of TATB. Therefore, we conclude that electronic excitation is not involved in the initial stages of detonation for defect-free crystalline TATB.
Efficient Computation of Optimal Interplanetary Trajectories Using Solar Electric Propulsion

A new method has been developed for obtaining approximate near-optimal low-thrust interplanetary transfers using solar electric propulsion spacecraft. The trajectory-calculation method consists of analytic curve-fit functions that have been empirically derived from a database of minimum-propellant coplanar transfers between Earth’s orbit and circular target orbits. It is assumed that the transfer begins with a powered arc, followed by a single coast arc, and ends with a second powered arc. The curve-fit functions depend on the mean thrust acceleration and target radius. A scaling technique transforms the Earth-orbit-based solutions in order to provide outward and inward trajectories between circular orbits of arbitrary radius. The inputs to the trajectory tool are the initial and final circular radii, initial spacecraft mass, input power, specific impulse, and thruster efficiency; and the computed (output) values are trip time, transfer angle, coast arc angle, and ΔV. The curve-fitting method is extremely...
Partial relaxation magnitudes for anelastic and dielectric relaxation due to point defects

Abstract This paper continues the development of a general theory of anelastic and dielectric relaxation of crystals containing point defects, when such defects can react to form different species each of which may occur in several crystallographically equivalent orientations. The present objective is to calculate the partial relaxation magnitudes when such defects give rise to more than one relaxation (e.g. more than one Debye peak) of a given elastic or dielectric constant. A general calculation is presented which incorporates both the thermodynamic and kinetic, aspects of the relaxation process. In particular, each partial magnitude is associated with one relaxational normal coordinate, rather than with a particular defect species. The results are then reviewed in a form suitable for the reader who wishes to use them without going through the detailed derivation. Finally, the theory is applied to some specific cases, in particular, to the substitutional-interstitial pair in b.c.c. metals.
Long-Term Effects of Weed Control With Picloram Along a Gradient of Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Broadleaf herbicides are commonly used in rangelands to suppress exotic weeds and release native communities from negative impacts of invasion. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated treatment effects on differing community components across a gradient of initial invasion levels. We conducted a 6-yr experiment within grasslands of western Montana to measure localscale effects of a broadcast application of picloram on 1) cover of the target invader, spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.), 2) prevalence of native functional groups, and 3) the secondary invader cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) at differing initial levels of knapweed invasion. Treatment effectively suppressed knapweed, with cover in treated vs. control plots reduced by . 60% in the sixth posttreatment year. Treatment also appeared to alleviate knapweed’s impacts on native perennial grasses, but only at the highest initial level of invasion, where cover of this group increased by . 30% in treated vs. control plots to equal levels associated with noninvaded plots. In some cases, treatment appeared to exacerbate knapweed’s impacts on native forbs. At the no-invasion level, perennial forb cover declined by . 20% in treated vs. control plots to match values associated with moderate or high levels of invasion, but these treatment effects were minimal at the latter invasion levels. Across initial invasion levels, species richness of perennial and/or annual forbs declined by . 20% in treated vs. control plots. Treatment also promoted increases in cheatgrass cover, although differences between treated and control plots were relatively small by the sixth posttreatment year. Overall, effects of picloram application depended on initial levels of knapweed invasion, largely due to the varying strength of release effects. Selective treatment of invaded patches vs. broadcast applications would reduce side effects of broadleaf herbicide application and increase compatibility with other management measures designed to improve rangeland conditions and restore grassland communities.
Key-finding, Fingering, and Timing in Piano Performance of Children

This study was an investigation of timing accuracy and tempo of performance in entry-level piano performance of children. Female and male subjects, 7, 9 and 11 years of age, using the right or left hand, performed three tasks. They performed the durational rhythm of a folksong by playing (1) with one finger on one key; (2) with one finger on five keys; and (3) with five fingers on five keys. Significant main effects for motor task, age, and gender were found for timing accuracy and tempo. Some significant interaction effects also resulted, especially for tempo. In general, performance was more inaccurate and slower for more complex tasks, for younger subjects, and for male subjects. Left-handed performance of the most complex task was more inaccurate and slower. Implications for piano pedagogy and theory of motor learning were considered.
Rectal squamous mucosectomy and ileal anal pull-through procedures: single surgeon experience in 105 patients.

Background. The ileal anal pull-through procedure has become the most frequently used cointinence sparing procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis. Areas of controversy concern the use of temporary ileostomies, and the extent of the rectal mucosectomy. The current report presents a single surgeon's experience with mucosectomy to the perianal skin (squamous mucosectomy), with ileal J-pouch reservoir construction and temporary ileostomy. Methods. We reviewed the records of 105 consecutive patients undergoing this procedure by a single surgeon during a 5-year period. One hundred percent follow-up was achieved. Results. There was 100% gross fecal continence, with 5% of patients expressing rare day time leakage, and 28% having intermittent nocturnal leakage. There were no instances of pelvic sepsis, and no pouches have been removed. The diverting ileostomy was associated with 6% morbidity. Conclusions. We conclude that the rectal mucosectomy can be safely extended to the levels of perianal skin with no loss in continence or function. We recommend that this be adopted as the standard for this procedure to ensure complete eradication of the underlying pathologic condition.
Improving conservative VHDL simulation performance by reduction of feedback

This paper describes two forms of feedback in the simulation runtime of VHDL circuits that greatly influences performance. While circuit feedback and strongly connected components have been observed and documented as detrimental influences to conservative parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) efficiency, that influence has never been quantified. Moreover, in this study, the phenomenon of induced feedback was observed to diminish speedup to the same degree as explicit feedback. In this paper the influence of feedback on simulation runtime is analyzed and an algorithm for its elimination is presented. In addition, a metric for the quantification of feedback is introduced. By measuring feedback, it is possible to balance its influence on simulation runtime with that of other factors (e.g. load balance, number of processors, machine granularity, etc. ) through the use of a cost-based partitioning approach. This paper reports significant improvements in runtime for three circuits due to the prevention of feedback using the partitioning algorithm presented. In addition, strong correlation between the feedback metric and conservative parallel simulation overhead is demonstrated.
Effect of Propranolol on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats have normal basal levels of plasma renin activity but do not respond to sodium depletion or the stress of ether anesthesia plus laparotomy. Both age and rat strain influence the development of this hyporesponsive renin system: normal Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats but not Sprague-Dawley rats develop the hyporesponsive system as they age. Therefore, these rat strains may serve as useful models for studying the effects of age and hypertension on plasma renin activity. In the present study, propranolol administration up to 18 mg/kg day-1 for 15 days did not lower plasma renin activity but did cause a paradoxical rise in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This paradoxical rise was prevented by placing the rats on a low-sodium diet prior to propranolol administration. The mechanism of the paradoxical rise is unknown, but we suggest that it could be the result of increased alpha-adrenergic activity in response to a fall in cardiac output.
Query suggestion using hitting time

Generating alternative queries, also known as query suggestion, has long been proved useful to help a user explore and express his information need. In many scenarios, such suggestions can be generated from a large scale graph of queries and other accessory information, such as the clickthrough. However, how to generate suggestions while ensuring their semantic consistency with the original query remains a challenging problem.In this work, we propose a novel query suggestion algorithm based on ranking queries with the hitting time on a large scale bipartite graph. Without involvement of twisted heuristics or heavy tuning of parameters, this method clearly captures the semantic consistency between the suggested query and the original query. Empirical experiments on a large scale query log of a commercial search engine and a scientific literature collection show that hitting time is effective to generate semantically consistent query suggestions. The proposed algorithm and its variations can successfully boost long tail queries, accommodating personalized query suggestion, as well as finding related authors in research.
Cripto forms a complex with activin and type II activin receptors and can block activin signaling.

Activin, nodal, Vg1, and growth and differentiation factor 1 are members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily and signal via the activin type II (ActRII/IIB) and type I (ALK4) serine/threonine kinase receptors. Unlike activins, however, signaling by nodal, Vg1, and growth and differentiation factor 1 requires a coreceptor from the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL1-Cryptic protein family such as Cripto. Cripto has important roles during development and oncogenesis and binds nodal or related ligands and ALK4 to facilitate assembly of type I and type II receptor signaling complexes. Because Cripto mediates signaling via activin receptors and binds directly to ALK4, we tested whether transfection with Cripto would affect the ability of activin to signal and/or interact with its receptors. Here we show that Cripto can form a complex with activin and ActRII/IIB. We were unable to detect activin binding to Cripto in the absence of ActRII/IIB, indicating that unlike nodal, activin requires type II receptors to bind Cripto. If cotransfected with ActRII/IIB and ALK4, Cripto inhibited crosslinking of activin to ALK4 and the association of ALK4 with ActRII/IIB. In addition, Cripto blocked activin signaling when transfected into either HepG2 cells or 293T cells. We have also shown that under conditions in which Cripto facilitates nodal signaling, it antagonizes activin. Inhibition of activin signaling provides an additional example of a Cripto effect on the regulation of signaling by transforming growth factor-β superfamily members. Because activin is a potent inhibitor of cell growth in multiple cell types, these results provide a mechanism that may partially explain the oncogenic action of Cripto.
Dynamic power management for microprocessors: a case study

Dynamic power management is one of the most popular and successful low power design techniques in commercial integrated circuits, especially microprocessors. However, despite its significance, relatively little has been published about it. The purpose of this paper is to provide an open discussion of the application of dynamic power management for a real microprocessor. TORCH, a statically scheduled superscalar microprocessor, is chosen for this purpose. We describe several techniques that we classify as dynamic power management-techniques aimed at reducing the power wasted in unnecessary circuit activity in the design. Some of the techniques have been used before for low power designs. Some others are new and it is demonstrated that significant power savings are achieved with these as well. We provide design details to illustrate the application of instances of all dynamic power management techniques for TORCH. Using a combination of techniques, the power consumption is reduced by about 23%. We hope that this study would lead to a wider recognition of dynamic power management as a very effective and practical power reduction technique.
Detailed Methodology and Implementation of a Semiautomated Serial Dilution Microtechnique for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

The detailed methodology and implementation of a semiautomatic microtechnique for performing serial dilution antimicrobial susceptibility studies are described. Quantitative susceptibility studies to a battery of antimicrobials are performed routinely on all significant clinical isolates. Results are reported as the minimal inhibitory concentration in micrograms per milliliter of broth. Guidelines relating standard doses of antimicrobials with expected blood and urine levels are presented to facilitate the use of the quantitative data. This microtechnique is used to measure serum and other body fluid levels of antimicrobial agents to document the level attained with a specific course of therapy. This technique is highly reproducible and has a high correlation with, and is at least 10 times faster than, standard glass tube techniques.
The Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Restored and Natural Back-Barrier Salt Marsh on Isles Dernieres, Louisiana

Abstract Isles Dernieres is a transgressive barrier island arc in southeast Louisiana associated with the Bayou Grand Caillou headland of the Lafourche delta complex, which was abandoned 600 to 800 years ago. During the past two decades Trinity and Whiskey Islands have been eroding at rates of >18 m/y, and East Island has been eroding at a rate of 11.8 m/y. The Isles Dernieres Barrier Island Stabilization Project, implemented in 1998, dredged material from various sites in the bay behind the barriers for dune and marsh restoration of East, Trinity, and Whiskey Islands. The 1998 restoration increased the overall height and width of the islands but marsh habitat has not developed on the restored material behind the barriers. This study characterizes the physical and chemical properties of soil from restored and natural back-barrier salt marsh on Isles Dernieres to determine the restoration timeframe in which restored marsh soils develop to conditions more similar to natural marsh soils. Additionally, the go...
ARCHBISHOP LAUD'S CAMPAIGN AGAINST PURITANISM AT THE HAGUE

The seventeenth-century Netherlands was the Puritan refuge. Its easy accessibility for radical English Puritans caused many a mishap in the plans of the bishops as they enforced conformity in England. When the going became too rough at home, nonconforming ministers could jump across to Holland, rather than obediently submit to discipline, and there carry on their defiant ways. Especially in the 1620s and 1630s, William Laud and others of the English hierarchy exerted themselves mightily to stamp out the Puritan outposts abroad; for Puritanism in exile provided a splendid habitation for all kinds of schemes.Initially going back into the sixteenth century, the Brownists were the main English religious settlers abroad, raising up their own churches and print shops in Amsterdam, Leiden and Middelburg; but in the several decades leading up to the English Civil Wars—in the great days of Archbishop Laud and Bishop Wren—mainstream, non-separating Puritans also were going over, providing strong leadership for most of the English churches in the Netherlands and serving as chaplains for the English regiments, even organizing themselves into an English Classis (1621–1635).
Functional interaction of regulatory factors with the Pgc-1α promoter in response to exercise by in vivo imaging

Real-time optical bioluminescence imaging is a powerful tool for studies of gene regulation in living animals. To elucidate exercise-induced signaling/transcriptional control of the peroxisome prol...
Semiconductor Laser Dynamics for Novel Applications

The nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers have been thoroughly studied in recent years. These complex dynamical characteristics, which range from narrow-linewidth oscillation to broadband chaos, open up the opportunity for many novel applications, such as chaotic communications, chaotic lidar, chaotic radar, photonic microwave generation, dual-frequency precision radar/lidar, all-optical AM-to-FM conversion, and single-sideband radio-over-fiber transmission. The utilization of the rich nonlinear dynamics of single-mode semiconductor lasers for these interesting applications is discussed in this paper.
Evidence-Based Group Work

Abstract Significant advances have been made in conceptualizing Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) for social work but there has been little discussion about an EBP perspective for group work. Demands of accountability, the values, and ethics of social group work, and the expanding and deepening evidence base for group work require a conceptualization and application of EBP for group work. Building on recent advances in EBP and the tradition of research and practice in group work, this paper describes an Evidence-Based Group Work (EBGW) framework for practice. Implications for advancing EBGW in practice and in group work education are discussed.
Strain monitoring of bismaleimide composites using embedded microcavity sensor

A type of extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) fiber optic sensor, i.e., the microcavity strain sensor, is demonstrated for embedded, high-temperature applications. The sensor is fabricated using a femtosecond (fs) laser. The fs-laser-based fabrication makes the sensor thermally stable to sustain operating temperatures as high as 800°C. The sensor has low sensitivity toward the temperature as compared to its response toward the applied strain. The performance of the EFPI sensor is tested in an embedded application. The host material is carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) composite laminate that offer thermally stable characteristics at high ambient temperatures. The sensor exhibits highly linear response toward the temperature and strain. Analytical work done with embedded optical-fiber sensors using the out-of-autoclave BMI laminate was limited until now. The work presented in this paper offers an insight into the strain and temperature interactions of the embedded sensors with the BMI composites.
FDG PET/CT and MR imaging in non-squamous cell tumors of head and neck with pathological correlation

1037 Learning Objectives 1. To illustrate 18F FDG PET/CT and MR findings of non-squamous cell tumors of head and neck with pathological correlation.2. To articulate the diagnostic importance of 18F FDG PET/CT and MR utilization in clinical pathways of non-squamous tumors of head and neck. Summary: This educational exhibit depicts widespectrum of 18FDG PET/CT and MR imaging findings in non-squamous cell tumors of head and neck with pathological correlation. It illustrates helpful clues for accurate image interpretation and sound therapy decisions. PET/CT and MR imaging play an important role in clinical decision making and management of non-squamous malignancies of head and neck. Since non-squamous tumors of head and neck represent less than 5% of cases, even experienced clinicians rarely observe these conditions firsthand. Since the symptom pattern of non-squamous tumors of head and neck are not pathognomonic, the majority are diagnosed at a late stage.The intensity of FDG uptake in non squamous cell head and neck tumors varies widely and is predominantly determined by histological components of the tumor. The FDG uptake is low to moderate in tumors with predominant mucinous component and high in tumors with predominant epidermoid component. When the tumor grade is higher, the SUV is frequently higher. The FDG PET/CT plays valuable role in identifying loco-regional nodal and distant metastases which determine the therapy. An integrated contrast enhanced diagnostic CT/PET will provide the anatomical resoution adequate for surgical planning.T1-weighted MR imaging displays most head and neck cancers as low or intermediate signal intensity. Tumors containing fat, blood products or a high concentration of protein secretions have areas of high intensity. Most of non squamous head and neck tumors show enhancement following administration of IV gadolinium contrast. Non-enhancing tissue within a lesion may indicate necrosis. The majority of non suamous head and neck tumors produce images with an intermediate or mildly increased signal on T2-weighted MR imaging. The major advantages of MRI are (1) clear delineation of tissue planes adjeacent to the primary lesion and (2) high sensitivity for perineural spread and bone marrow invovment.
Preparation of Hepatic Microsomal Fraction for Drug Metabolism Studies by Rapid Decompression Homogenization

SummaryThe applicability of rapid decompression as a method for homogenization of liver in the preparation of a microsomal fraction has been studied. It was shown that this method is more efficient and probably less variable than homogenization with a Teflon pestle and glass tube. Increased efficiency was related to more complete cell disruption and probably to the production of smaller microsomal particles. The specific content and activity of components of the mixed function oxidase system of the microsomal fraction were similar to those produced with pestle and tube.Supported by Grant No. HD-03074, Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH.
Food Habits and Social Organization of Acorn Woodpeckers in Colombia

Colombian populations of Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorusflavigula) inhabit the Andes and are geographically isolated from Central American populations. Their diverse food habits include acorns from Quercus humboldtii, the only oak in the Colombian Andes. Unlike birds from North America, however, Colombian Acorn Woodpeckers do not store acorns or rely heavily upon them. Instead, they feed on insects, sap, and fruit year-round. Although oak woodlands seem to be their preferred habitat, Colombian Acorn Woodpeckers are found residing permanently and breeding cooperatively in other kinds of habitat. The limited availability of storage facilities (habitat saturation hypothesis) does not seem to be adequate to explain cooperative breeding in these populations.
In vitro electrophysiological evidence predicting anticonvulsant efficacy of memantine and flunarizine

Electrophysiological assays on mammalian central neurons in monolayer dissociated cell culture allow classification of clinically used anticonvulsant drugs on a mechanistic basis and predict their clinical spectrum of anticonvulsant efficacy consistently in comparison with data from animal models. Clinical anticonvulsant efficacy of memantine and flunarizine against tonic-donic and partial seizures is predicted on the basis of ability to limit sustained high efficacy frequency repetitive firing of sodium-dependent action potentials and to suppress depolarizing burst firing of neocortical, hippocampal and spinal cord neurons in cell culture. Effects on voltage-sensitive sodium channels, and possibly potassium channels, may explain, at least in part, the mechanism of anticonvulsant efficacy of memantine and flunarizine.
Does nutrition management benefit the head and neck cancer patient

Malnutrition in the head and neck cancer patient arises both from the pathophysiology and treatment of the malignancy. Even when treatment of the cancer is successful, the patient may die of malnutrition. However, it is now possible to precisely diagnose malnutrition and treat it more effectively. Begin with a careful assessment of the patient, including weight, anthropomorphic measurements, serum protein levels, immune response, and an evaluation of the risk of therapy and prognosis. Both the enteral and parenteral routes can be effective--the choice is often determined by the presence of a functional gastrointestinal tract, the ease with which one may gain access to the gut, the risks of the different techniques, and the costs incurred.
Amplification using degenerate primers with multiple inosines to isolate genes with minimal sequence similarity.

The use of degenerate primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an effective method for identifying related genes that share limited sequence similarity. Other methods, using oligonucleotide or heterologous probes, for example, may fail to identify genes that are not highly conserved, have diverged over evolutionary time, or share only short regions of structural similarity. Degenerate primer pools of >10^ have been successfully used in PCR to isolate novel gene family members or homologs from distantly related species (1—3). If inosines are used at ambiguous codon positions, the size of the primer pool decreases significantly (3-5). Smaller primer pools require less reagent for each PCR and usually titration of primer concentrations is not necessary to obtain optimal results. Since inosine (I) can pair with all four traditional nucleotides, these smaller pools of inosine-containmg primers will anneal to the same large number of potential target sequences (PTS) in the template as larger pools of primers that do not contain inosines. The method described here targets particular genes by using the least number of assumptions when designing primers. It is especially useful for the isolation of genes from distantly related species and from organisms for which no codon bias is known. It can also be used to target genes for proteins that share only short regions of sequence similarity within a common functional site (i.e., a ligand-binding site). The method assumes that protein regions that are important for function will be conserved between homologs and family members. No assumptions are made about conservation at the nucleotide level, which may be fortuitous.
Adaptor Protein Lnk Negatively Regulates Mutant MPL and JAK2 Alleles Associated with Myeloproliferative Disorders

Activating mutations in the cytokine receptor/JAK2 signaling axis are found at high frequency in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Lnk, an SH2-containing adaptor protein, is a negative regulator of several hematopoietic cytokine receptors including MPL and EpoR. Here, we assessed whether Lnk can attenuate the activity of mutant MPLW515L, JAK2V617F and JAK2K539L found in MPD patients. Lnk overexpression in Ba/F3-MPLW515L cells inhibited cytokine-independent growth, while suppression of Lnk in UT7-MPLW515L cells enhanced proliferation. Lnk-mediated growth inhibition was associated with downregulation of JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Similarly, Lnk inhibited cytokine-independent growth conferred by JAK2V617F and JAK2K539L in Ba/F3-EpoR cells. Following thrombopoietin stimulation, Lnk became tyrosyl-phosphorylated and associated with activated wild-type (WT) MPL and MPLW515L at the plasma membrane of Ba/F3 cells. An SH2 mutant Lnk (R392E) failed to bind and inhibit WT MPL and MPLW515L, demonstrating that the SH2 domain is essential for Lnk down-modulation of the receptors. The Lnk-MPL interaction was also detected with endogenously expressed proteins from cultured bone marrow cells. A series of C-terminally truncated Lnk constructs were used to determine which Lnk regions are required for Lnk inhibition of JAK2. Experiments in 293T cells indicated that Lnk SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated JAK2. In addition, other Lnk regions associated with non-phosphorylated JAK2, and these interactions were critical for Lnk inhibition of JAK2V617F and JAK2K539L constitutive activation. Our data suggest a model wherein Lnk downregulation of the receptor/JAK2 signaling involves two mechanisms; one is inhibition of the cytokine receptor utilizing JAK2, the second is direct suppression of JAK2 kinase activity. Furthermore, while the receptor mediated inhibition requires the SH2 domain, direct inhibition of JAK2 mutants, V617F and K539L, relies on other Lnk domains. Further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying Lnk inhibition of signaling pathways abnormally activated by oncogenic alleles, will provide insight into the pathogenesis of MPD and may have therapeutic value.
Time trumps habitat in the dynamics of an avian community

Predictions of change in avian biodiversity often fail to account for the natural dynamism of species assemblages. Information from historical datasets can be useful indicators of how avian communities may change in the future. However, simple comparisons of diversity and abundances over time may overlook additional changes in bird–habitat associations. In 2013, we revisited sites from a unique, highly detailed avian survey from the Willamette Valley, Oregon, conducted in 1952. Our objectives were to quantify and describe the extent of avian community change; relate observed species assemblages to changes in vegetation type and land-use class; and identify species with specific associations to either survey era. Using nonparametric ordination, we assessed whether the distribution of the avian community within the environmental space varied temporally. We used blocked indicator species analysis to identify species with specific association to historical or modern survey eras. Nonparametric permutation procedures identified both plot, each representing a different major habitat type, and year as significant factors defining communities. Year was more strongly related to the second ordination axis than the other environmental variables examined. Ordination of survey sites in species space confirmed modern avian communities were significantly different from their historical counterparts. Bird species richness increased and community composition changed by at least 50% despite the physiognomic characteristics of each plot's habitat and the surrounding landscape remaining comparatively stable. Because of this, we conclude time trumped, or was more strongly associated with community change, than alterations in physiognomic habitat. These results suggest avian communities are naturally dynamic even in areas with relatively stable habitat conditions. Predictions that only address changes in climate, land use, or vegetation cover type may fail to predict changes in avian community composition. Historical datasets are a valuable means of understanding real-world changes in avian communities. We suggest additional factors, such as vegetation structure and microhabitat, may predict fine-scale shifts in avian species assemblages. Nevertheless, major changes in community composition occurred with apparently minor shifts in physiognomic habitat characteristics in our study area.
Life Before “I Killed the Man That Raped Me”: Pre-Prison Life Experiences of Incarcerated Women With Life Sentences and Subsequent Treatment Needs

The number of incarcerated women serving a life sentence is growing. This subpopulation rarely receives programming in prison or even inclusion in intervention studies’ samples. According to import...
Mindfulness and Spirituality in Couple Therapy: The Use of Meditative Dialogue to Help Couples Develop Compassion and Empathy for Themselves and Each Other

This article offers an overview of selected literature on spirituality and mindfulness in couple therapy. It describes a simple and innovative Meditative Dialogue practice that is used in session to help couples develop compassion and empathy for themselves and each other as they work to strengthen and heal their relationships from the inside out. An illustration is offered to demonstrate the use of Meditative Dialogue in therapy with a gay male couple. The practice of engaging in Meditative Dialogue together has helped them move to a place of deep and connected healing, developing an increased flexibility and resilience in their marriage.
Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and risk of stroke: A prospective study.

Objective: To examine whether probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) was associated with increased risk of developing stroke in a community-based cohort. Methods: The study included 12,003 participants (mean age 54.0 years) of the Kailuan Study, free of stroke, cancer, Parkinson disease, dementia, and head injury at baseline (2012). We determined pRBD using a validated REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) questionnaire in 2012. Incident stroke cases were confirmed by review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke according to pRBD status, adjusting for several sleep measures (i.e., insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, snoring, and use of hypnotics) and other potential confounders. Results: During 3 years of follow-up, we documented 159 incident stroke cases. Relative to participants without pRBD at the baseline, those with pRBD had a 157% higher risk (95% CI 59%–313%) of developing stroke. Presence of pRBD was associated with increased risk of both stroke types—the adjusted HR was 1.93 (95% CI 1.07–3.46) for ischemic stroke and 6.61 (95% CI 2.27–19.27) for hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions: Presence of pRBD was associated with a higher risk of developing stroke, including both ischemic and hemorrhagic types. Future studies with clinically confirmed RBD and a longer follow-up would be appropriate to further investigate this association.
Focal osteonecrosis in the femoral head following stable anatomic fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.

Femoral head (FH) osteonecrosis (ON) and subsequent segmental collapse is a major concern following displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF). We aimed to quantify residual perfusion to the FH following FNF and evaluate the viability of the FH overtime after surgical fixation. Twenty-three patients with FNF underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI to estimate bone perfusion in the FH, using the contralateral side as control. Following open anatomic reduction and a length/angle-stable fixation, a special MRI sequence evaluated the FH for ON changes over time at 3 and 12 months after surgery. We found significant compromise of both arterial inflow [83.1%—initial area under the curve (IAUC) and 73.8%—peak) and venous outflow (243.2%—elimination rate (K el)] in the FH of the fractured side. The supero-medial quadrant suffered the greatest decrease in arterial inflow with a significant decrease of 71.6% (IAUC) and 68.5% (peak). Post-operative MRI revealed a high rate (87%—20/23) of small ON segments within the FH, and all developed in the anterior aspect of the supero-medial quadrants. Fracture characteristics, including subcapital FNF, varus deformity, posterior roll-off ≥20° and Pauwel’s angle of 30°–50° demonstrated a greater decrease in perfusion compared to contralateral controls. FNF significantly impaired the vascular supply to the FH, resulting in high incidence of small ON segments in the supero-medial quadrant of the FH. However, maintained perfusion, probably through the inferior retinacular system, coupled with urgent open anatomic reduction and stable fixation resulted in excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes despite a high rate of small ON segments noted on MRI. Level I: Prognostic Investigation.
Amative Criterion of Homosexuality: Historical Review of Hormonal and Cytogenetic Syndromes

Abstract The syndromes of male and female hermaphroditism (intersex) and related psychohormonal and/or cytogenetic syndromes have provided hormonal data for a review of the determination of amative orientation as homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. The outcome of this review is that the hormonal hypothesis is neither confirmed nor disconfirmed. Putatively, there is another, perhaps hormonally contingent, factor that may eventually be identified. From conception onward, the underlying principle of sex dualism is Eve first, then Adam.
The Photodissociation Dynamics of H2S and CF3NO

It has been known since the earliest investigations of photochemistry that energy scrambling in a molecule can lead to dissociation if the total energy of a molecule exceeds the dissociation limit of one or more molecular bonds. But how complete is the scrambling, and what does it tell us about the nature of the potential energy surfaces or the mechanism of dissociation? A partial answer to these questions can be gained by a newly developed experimental technique that uses one laser to dissociate a parent molecule and a second to probe the energy distribution of the photofragments.
Keeping pointers or references under control: a component based approach to list based data structures

For students and practitioners alike, the use of dynamic variables (pointers or references) introduces not just the probability of more errors than for static variables, but errors that are by far more difficult to find and correct. Here we see a way to address this problem by using a component based approach to building software. This approach designs a generic list-based structure that can be used to build a variety of other components without the need to put in dynamic variables except in the list structure. Of course, this approach is not limited to academic use. It is the prescribed approach for any good software engineering practice.
Development of High-Throughput Methods for Polymer Nanocomposite Research

This chapter will present an overview of the development of two high-throughput (HT) methods: (1) preparation of formulated polymer libraries using extrusion; (2) screening of flammability properties using flame- spread measurements.
True Being and Being True: Metaxology and the Retrieval of Metaphysics

D.C. Schindler reminds us that the motto of Villanova consists of three terms: Unitas, Caritas and Veritas. Postmodern philosophy is keen to malign good Veritas as an exercise in oppression, something which must be avoided if we truly want to reach universal care and unity. In opposition to this trend, Schindler illustrates how Desmond’s philosophy is capable of giving truth its dues against the assaults of Vattimo and others, but also and more importantly that truth serves as foundational for unity and care. Building from Desmond’s Intimate Universal, Schindler illustrates how care and unity need an ontological grounding in truth in order to be more than merely superficial.
Acoustics and emotion in tonal and non-tonal languages: Findings from individuals with typical hearing and with cochlear implants

Talkers of tonal language, such as Mandarin, use the acoustic cues of fundamental frequency (F0), amplitude, and duration to indicate lexical meaning as well as to express linguistic and emotional prosody. It has therefore been hypothesized that tonal language talkers have less prosodic “space” to signal emotional prosody using F0, compared to non-tonal language talkers, and that these differences in prosodic processing should be evident in speech perception and production tasks. In addition, for talkers of both tonal and non-tonal languages, speaking rate interacts with emotional expression, with “sad” mood generally expressed with slower speech, while “happy” and “angry” moods are marked with faster speech rates. Despite the overall importance of speaking rate in signaling particular emotional moods, few data exist for speakers of tonal languages, such as Mandarin, in which lexical tones are typically specified for length. These issues can be addressed by analyzing and modelling data for individuals with cochlear implants, electronic hearing systems that provide relatively good temporal resolution but poor spectral resolution. Findings from our laboratory will be used to address models of prosody perception and production.
Social capital, religion and small business activity

Abstract Within the theoretical framework of social capital, we explore how different religious traditions influence small business activity in U.S. counties. We motivate the analysis by emphasizing the ways in which religious organizations may facilitate social capital, a key factor in business formation and performance. We find that communities with a large concentration of religious congregations have a correspondingly higher level of small business activity. We also find important differences across religious traditions, suggesting that religion should not be treated as a monolithic dimension of social capital. In addition, by exploring different traditions, beliefs, and norms, proxied by religion, finer insights into social capital and community economic development can be gained.
Sherlock, Watson, Wilson, and the Adventure of the MDWs

A welcome to the inaugural edition of the August Wilson Journal , written by the managing editor.
Contextual research for educational improvement: A collaborative process in Northern California:

Using an inquiry-based approach to address the challenge of improving schools provides opportunities for informed decision making and carries great promise for return on investment. Taking a collab...
Text-Based Mentoring for New Moms: A Feasibility Study

Although text messaging interventions targeting parents and older students have shown promise for improving a variety of outcomes, evidence on text-based outreach and support for new parents is just emerging. We explore programmatic data from a text-based mentoring intervention designed to support new mothers and promote healthy child development. We coded 18,897 text messages from 162 mother-mentor pairs to describe the characteristics of interactions between new mothers and their text-based mentors. On average, mothers remained engaged with the program for 296 days (out of a full year) and texted with their mentor every 9 days. Mothers and mentors discussed both child-focused topics (28% of exchanges) and mother-focused topics (8% of exchanges). Mentors responded to 86% of mothers’ problems within 48 hours and offered mothers emotional support (39% of offers) and advice (35% of offers) most frequently. Based on the demonstrated ability of the program to engage mothers, the content addressed in their interactions with mentors, and the supports offered by mentors, we conclude that text-based mentoring is a promising strategy for providing outreach and support to new mothers.
Reflections on Conversations and Memory

The study of memory and remembering has traditionally either stripped meaning away from acts of remembering to reveal the "raw material of memory" or explored how meaning guides the reconstruction of the past. In reflecting on the contributions to this topic, there appears to be an emerging "third-way," which holds that there is an inextricable relation between conversations and remembering. The articles in this volume exemplify how conversing is often an act of remembering and represent approaches to memory that might not otherwise be taken if one were to study memory as a within-individual phenomenon. The implications of this approach are far-ranging and present the opportunity to pose new questions about the nature of remembering as it unfolds in conversation. The contributing articles have expanded the scope of what memory researchers can study by adopting a relatively straightforward assumption about the sociality of remembering and the role of the conversation in the social process.
Giant celiac artery aneurysm

Abstract Celiac artery aneurysms (CAAs) are rare but potentially devastating lesions. Given the high rates of mortality on rupture at large sizes, they should be treated promptly with either surgical or endovascular interventions in appropriate-risk patients. Several options exist for treatment, including surgical repair and endovascular embolization with or without stent or stent graft placement. Because of their rarity, there are few reports of successfully treated CAA lesions. Herein, we describe successful endovascular treatment of one of the largest CAAs reported in the literature.