cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Test of Audit Pricing in the Small-Client Segment: A Comment

This study is the second to provide a richer test of the association between auditor size and audit fees by using three audit firm size classes in the small-client segment of the U.S. audit market....
Triphenylphosphine–Carbon Tetrabromide

(Ph3P) [603-35-0] C18H15P (MW 262.30) InChI = 1S/C18H15P/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1-15H InChIKey = RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (CBr4) [558-13-4] CBr4 (MW 331.61) InChI = 1S/CBr4/c2-1(3,4)5 InChIKey = HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent combination for the conversion of alcohols to bromides, aldehydes and ketones to dibromoalkenes, and terminal alkynes to 1-bromoalkynes; carboxyl activation) Physical Data: Ph3P: mp 79–81 °C; bp 377 °C; d 1.0749 g cm−3. CBr4: mp 90–91 °C; bp 190 °C; d 3.273 g cm−3. Solubility: sol MeCN, CH2Cl2, pyridine, DMF. Preparative Method: the reactive species is generated in situ by reaction of Ph3P with CBr4. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Ph3P is an irritant; CBr4 is toxic and a cancer suspect agent. All solvents used must be carefully dried because the intermediates are all susceptible to hydrolysis. This reagent should be used in a fume hood.
The influence of net community production and phytoplankton community structure on CO2 uptake in the Gulf of Alaska

[1] Biological productivity is a key factor controlling the ocean's ability to take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, the ecological dynamics that drive regions of intense productivity and carbon export are poorly understood. In this study, we present high-spatial-resolution estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, net community production (NCP) rates calculated from O2/Ar ratios, and phytoplankton population abundances determined by continuous underway measurements on a cruise across the Gulf of Alaska in May 2010. The highest rates of NCP (79.2 ± 13 mmol C m-2 d-1) and oceanic CO2 uptake (air-sea flux of −14.7 ± 2.4 mmol C m-2 d-1) were observed across a transition zone between the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the Alaskan Gyre and the coastal waters off the Aleutian Islands. While the transition zone comprises 20% of the total area covered in crossing the Gulf of Alaska, it contributed 49% of the total NCP and 48% of the total CO2 uptake observed along the cruise track. A corresponding transition zone phytoplankton bloom was dominated by two small-celled (<20 µm) phytoplankton communities, which were distinct from the phytoplankton communities in the surrounding Alaskan Gyre and coastal waters. We hypothesize that mixing between iron-rich coastal waters and iron-limited Alaskan Gyre waters stimulated this bloom and fueled the high NCP and CO2 export observed in the region.
Seasonal prediction of landfalling hurricanes along Eastern Seaboard of the United States

Statistical models for the seasonal prediction of hurricane strikes on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States (ESUS) are developed with the application of the statistical software (SAS) generalized linear model (GENMOD) to perform a Poisson regression linked by a logarithmic function. Preseason climatic/oceanic signals of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), Sahel rainfall (20°–10°N, 20°W–10°E) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) across a selected domain, all of which are closely associated with the dominant principal components of the North Atlantic Hurricane Track Density Function (HTDF), are applied as predictors. While using the Poisson regression without dividing the season into differing levels of activity types greatly degrades the model, classification of season types [based on accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)] before using the Poisson regression, can significantly improve the model performance. With this proposed new methodology, landfall counts in hyperactive and above-normal season type years can be predicted with 56.01 and 71.36% skill improvements respectively, compared with merely using climatology.
Validating clustering for gene expression data

Motivation: Many clustering algorithms have been proposed for the analysis of gene expression data, but little guidance is available to help choose among them. We provide a systematic framework for assessing the results of clustering algorithms. Clustering algorithms attempt to partition the genes into groups exhibiting similar patterns of variation in expression level. Our methodology is to apply a clustering algorithm to the data from all but one experimental condition. The remaining condition is used to assess the predictive power of the resulting clusters—meaningful clusters should exhibit less variation in the remaining condition than clusters formed by chance. Results: We successfully applied our methodology to compare six clustering algorithms on four gene expression data sets. We found our quantitative measures of cluster quality to be positively correlated with external standards of cluster quality. Availability: The software is under development.
Time complexity modeling and comparison of parallel architectures for Fourier transform oriented algorithms

A technique for modeling the time-domain complexity of the implementation of an algorithm is described. The model includes algorithm-, architecture-, and technology-related parameters. The model is used here to compare architectures for various Fourier-transform-oriented algorithms; however, use of the model can point to possible changes in algorithm or architecture that will increase performance. The development of the model is discussed, and an analysis of five different Fourier-transform algorithms is given. >
Precisely Assembled Nanofiber Arrays as a Platform to Engineer Aligned Cell Sheets for Biofabrication

A hybrid cell sheet engineering approach was developed using ultra-thin nanofiber arrays to host the formation of composite nanofiber/cell sheets. It was found that confluent aligned cell sheets could grow on uniaxially-aligned and crisscrossed nanofiber arrays with extremely low fiber densities. The porosity of the nanofiber sheets was sufficient to allow aligned linear myotube formation from differentiated myoblasts on both sides of the nanofiber sheets, in spite of single-side cell seeding. The nanofiber content of the composite cell sheets is minimized to reduce the hindrance to cell migration, cell-cell contacts, mass transport, as well as the foreign body response or inflammatory response associated with the biomaterial. Even at extremely low densities, the nanofiber component significantly enhanced the stability and mechanical properties of the composite cell sheets. In addition, the aligned nanofiber arrays imparted excellent handling properties to the composite cell sheets, which allowed easy processing into more complex, thick 3D structures of higher hierarchy. Aligned nanofiber array-based composite cell sheet engineering combines several advantages of material-free cell sheet engineering and polymer scaffold-based cell sheet engineering; and it represents a new direction in aligned cell sheet engineering for a multitude of tissue engineering applications.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the NR2B Subunit of the NMDA Receptor in the Spinal Cord during the Development and Maintenance of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia

The present study examined the levels of NMDA receptor NR2 subunit tyrosine phosphorylation in a rat model of inflammation and correlated it with the development of inflammation and hyperalgesia. Hindpaw inflammation and hyperalgesia were induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Proteins from the spinal cord (L4-L5) were immunoprecipitated with anti-NR2A or anti-NR2B antibodies and used for subsequent analysis using 4G-10, a specific anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Compared with naive rats, there was a rapid and prolonged increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B, but not NR2A, subunit after inflammation. The increase in NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation was dependent on primary afferent drive because (1) the phosphorylation correlated with the temporal profile of inflammation and hyperalgesia, (2) shorter-duration noxious stimulation produced a rapid and shorter-lasting increase in phosphorylation, and (3) local anesthetic block of the injected paw reversibly blocked inflammation-induced NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation and delayed hyperalgesia. The increase in NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation was abolished by intrathecal pretreatment with genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PP2, an Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor; AIDA, a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; L733,060, an NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist, and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. In addition, intrathecal PP2 delayed the onset of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. These findings correlate in vivo NMDA receptor tyrosine phosphorylation with the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia and suggest that signal transduction upstream to NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation involves G-protein-coupled receptors and PKC and Src family protein tyrosine kinases.
A general technique for smoothing multi-dimensional datasets utilizing orthogonal expansions and lower dimensional smoothers

Smoothing methods are often used for discerning underlying patterns and structure concealed by statistical noise within a dataset. Adaptive smoothing approaches are particularly useful because the amount of smoothing imposed on the data is determined automatically from the statistical characteristics of subsets of the data itself. We show theoretically that an effective N-dimensional smoothing can be achieved by utilization of a series of non-identical n-dimensional (n<N) smoothings on the coefficients of a partial orthogonal expansion of the data function. This result provides a framework in which one-dimensional adaptive smoothing methods may be applied to higher-dimensional data. We applied this generalized multi-dimensional smoothing method to a two-dimensional image and demonstrate that one can obtain a two-dimensional smoothing effect by applying a series of one-dimensional smoothings to the coefficients of the partial orthogonal expansion of the image.
In vitro remineralization of enamel by polymeric amorphous calcium phosphate composite: Quantitative microradiographic study

Abstract Objective This study explores the efficacy of an experimental orthodontic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composite to remineralize in vitro subsurface enamel lesions microradiographically similar to those seen in early caries. Methods Lesions were artificially created in extracted human molars. Single tooth sections a minimum of 120 μm thick were cut and individually placed in holders exposing only the carious enamel surface. The exposed surfaces were either left untreated (control) or coated with a 1 mm thick layer of the experimental ACP composite (mass fraction 40% zirconia-hybridized ACP and 60% photo-activated resin), or a commercial fluoride-releasing orthodontic cement. The composite-coated sections were then photo-cured and microradiographic images were taken of all three groups of specimens before the treatment. Specimens were then cyclically immersed in demineralizing and remineralizing solutions for 1 month at 37 °C to simulate the pH changes occurring in the oral environment. Microradiographs of all specimens were taken before and after treatment. Results Quantitative digital image analysis of matched areas from the contact microradiographs taken before and after treatment indicated higher mineral recovery with ACP composites compared to the commercial orthodontic F-releasing cement (14.4% vs. 4.3%, respectively), while the control specimens showed an average of 55.4% further demineralization. Significance Experimental ACP composite efficiently established mineral ion transfer throughout the body of the lesions and restored the mineral lost due to acid attack. It can be considered a useful adjuvant for the control of caries in orthodontic applications.
Euler-Poincare Dynamics of Perfect Complex Fluids

Lagrangian reduction by stages is used to derive the Euler-Poincare equations for the nondissipative coupled motion and micromotion of complex fluids. We mainly treat perfect complex fluids (PCFs) whose order parameters are continuous material variables. These order parameters may be regarded geometrically either as objects in a vector space, or as coset spaces of Lie symmetry groups with respect to subgroups that leave these objects invariant. Examples include liquid crystals, superfluids, Yang-Mills magnetofluids and spin-glasses. A Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics for perfect complex fluids is obtained by Legendre transforming the Euler-Poincare formulation. These dynamics are also derived by using the Clebsch approach. In the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations of perfect complex fluid dynamics Lie algebras containing two-cocycles arise as a characteristic feature.
Ericksonian Hypnosis in Chronic Care Support Groups: A Rogerian Exploration of Power and Self-Defined Health-Promoting Goals

This Rogerian study examined how traditional and Ericksonian hypnotherapeutic support groups facilitated self-defined health-promoting goals and power as knowing participation in change for 49 participants with chronic physical illness. The participants were randomly assigned to either a traditional support group or an Ericksonian hypnotherapeutic support group. Measurements of power and self-defined health-promoting goals were obtained seven times over a 10-week period. The results indicated that both the traditional support groups and the Ericksonian hypnotherapeutic support groups experienced significantly enhanced power and progressed significantly toward their health-promoting goals. Correlations for the self-defined health-promoting goals and power progressively and significantly increased through time. This study supports Barrett's claim that power relates to health.
Examining the Interplay Among Family, Culture, and Latina Teen Suicidal Behavior

In this article, we explore the relationships among culture, family, and attempted suicide by U.S. Latinas. We analyzed qualitative interviews conducted with Latina teen suicide attempters (n = 10) and their parents. We also incorporated data collected from adolescents with no reported history of self-harm (n = 10) and their parents to examine why some individuals turned to suicide under similar experiences of cultural conflict. Our results reveal that Latina teens who attempted suicide lacked the resources to forge meaningful social ties. Without the tools to bridge experiences of cultural contradiction, the girls in our study described feeling isolated and alone. Under such conditions, adolescents turned to behaviors aimed at self-destruction. Unlike their peers who attempted suicide, adolescent Latinas with no lifetime history of attempted suicide were able to mobilize resources in ways that balanced experiences of acculturative tension by creating supportive relationships with other individuals.
Affective learning enhances activity and functional connectivity in early visual cortex.

This study examined the impact of task-irrelevant affective information on early visual processing regions V1–V4. Fearful and neutral faces presented with rings of different colors were used as stimuli. During the conditioning phase, fearful faces presented with a certain ring color (e.g., black) were paired with mild electrical stimulation. Neutral faces shown with rings of that color, as well as fearful or neutral faces shown with another ring color (e.g., white), were never paired with shock. Our findings revealed that fearful faces evoked enhanced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in V1 and V4 compared to neutral faces. Faces embedded in a color ring that was paired with shock (e.g., black) evoked greater BOLD responses in V1–V4 compared to a ring color that was never paired with shock (e.g., white). Finally, BOLD responses in early visual cortex were tightly interrelated (i.e., correlated) during an affectively potent context (i.e., ring color) but not during a neutral one, suggesting that increased functional integration was present with affective learning. Taken together, the results suggest that task-irrelevant affective information not only influences evoked responses in early, retinotopically organized visual cortex, but also determines the pattern of responses across early visual cortex.
Tower Response to Actual and Simulated Wind Forces

The mathematical model of the tower, with the flexibility coefficients derived by assuming an idealized space truss and with masses between midheights of panels being concentrated at the panel points, is reasonable and adequate. The assumptions of uncoupled motions in the orthogonal horizontal directions and a rigid foundation are valid for the mathematical model of the tower on the basis of experimental data. Previous studies showed that three modes are adequate for dynamic analysis of free-standing towers. For free-standing structures such as the tower used for this study, the fundamental mode of vibration predominates. Experimentally determined natural periods of vibration compare very favorably with the predicted values for both horizontal directions. The structure has a fairly low damping ratio for the fundamental mode of vibration.
Isoforms of Spectrin and Ankyrin Reflect the Functional Topography of the Mouse Kidney

The kidney displays specialized regions devoted to filtration, selective reabsorption, and electrolyte and metabolite trafficking. The polarized membrane pumps, channels, and transporters responsible for these functions have been exhaustively studied. Less examined are the contributions of spectrin and its adapter ankyrin to this exquisite functional topography, despite their established contributions in other tissues to cellular organization. We have examined in the rodent kidney the expression and distribution of all spectrins and ankyrins by qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescent and immuno electron microscopy. Four of the seven spectrins (αΙΙ, βΙ, βΙΙ, and βΙΙΙ) are expressed in the kidney, as are two of the three ankyrins (G and B). The levels and distribution of these proteins vary widely over the nephron. αΙΙ/βΙΙ is the most abundant spectrin, found in glomerular endothelial cells; on the basolateral membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles in proximal tubule cells and in the thick ascending loop of Henle; and less so in the distal nephron. βΙΙΙ spectrin largely replaces βΙΙ spectrin in podocytes, Bowman's capsule, and throughout the distal tubule and collecting ducts. βΙ spectrin is only marginally expressed; its low abundance hinders a reliable determination of its distribution. Ankyrin G is the most abundant ankyrin, found in capillary endothelial cells and all tubular segments. Ankyrin B populates Bowman's capsule, podocytes, the ascending thick loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule. Comparison to the distribution of renal protein 4.1 isoforms and various membrane proteins indicates a complex relationship between the spectrin scaffold, its adapters, and various membrane proteins. While some proteins (e.g. ankyrin B, βΙΙΙ spectrin, and aquaporin 2) tend to share a similar distribution, there is no simple mapping of different spectrins or ankyrins to most membrane proteins. The implications of this data are discussed.
Introduction to the aging military veterans special section.

In the United States, military service encompasses the five branches of the Armed Forces and includes Active Duty, Reserve, and National Guard forces. Military service for many veterans occurred du...
Who Migrates and Why: Plyler v. Doe in the Modern Era

In Plyler, the court discounted education as a pull factor for immigrants - that is, as a factor in immigrants’ decision to enter illegally. Is that still a reasonable assumption? To what extent is education a significant pull factor? Using this question as our starting point, we conducted in-depth interviews with 25 Mexican migrants in California about their migration decisions. We found that the majority of respondents came in response to economic disparities between the U.S. and Mexico, rendering as a reasonable assumption that educational opportunity is not the primary reason for migration.This paper was prepared for the Warren Institute on Race, Ethnicity, and Diversity's Roundtable on the 25th Anniversary of Plyler v. Doe. It was funded with grants from the Warren Institute and the UC Berkeley Labor and Employment Research Fund.
Beyond transparency: collective engagement in sustainable design

For a timely answer to the question of sustainability, or how to provide for future generations, there needs to be shared accounting of our social and physical resources. Supply chain transparency makes it possible to map resource flows and ensure dependable production while avoiding social and environmental problems. Open channels of communications can support a collective effort to account for the impacts of supply chains and engage more people in the invention of long-term solutions, or sustainable design . This thesis proposes a crowd-sourced approach to resource accounting through the democratization of sustainable design. A web-based social network called Sourcemap was built to link diverse stakeholders through an open forum for supply chain transparency and environmental assessment. The scalable system points the way towards comprehensive sustainability accounting through the distributed verification of industrial practices. Sourcemap was developed over a two-year period in partnership with regional organizations, large businesses and SME's. Small business case studies show that an open social media platform can motivate sustainable practices at an enterprise level and on a regional scale. The public-facing supply chain publishing platform actively engages communities of producers, experts, consumers and oversight groups. Thousands of user-generated contributions point towards the need to improve the quality of transparency to form a broadly accessible resource for sustainability accounting. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Spinal arteriovenous fistulae in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A case report and systematic review of the literature

BackgroundAlthough rare, spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are thought to be more prevalent in the hereditary Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) population.MethodsWe report a case ...
Size-Dependent Exciton–Phonon Coupling in CdSe Nanocrystals through Resonance Raman Excitation Profile Analysis

Resonance Raman excitation profiles, including absolute Raman cross sections, have been measured for the optical phonons of organic ligand capped spherical CdSe nanocrystals with average diameters ranging from 2.6 to 5.2 nm. The absorption spectra, fundamental excitation profiles, overtone to fundamental intensity ratios, and depolarization ratio dispersion profiles are simulated using a model for the exciton–phonon coupling strengths in the various excitonic transitions that contribute to the resonance enhancement. The resonance Raman cross sections increase strongly with nanocrystal size as expected from the increased transition dipole moments (oscillator strengths) in the larger particles. However, the exciton–phonon coupling strengths, particularly for the lowest energy excitonic transition (1Se–1S3/2), are relatively independent of nanocrystal size over this range, perhaps decreasing slightly with increasing size. This result is consistent with calculations of exciton–phonon coupling using an atomist...
Seasonal History of the Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper (Homoptera: Membracidae) in Louisiana

Instar duration, egg incubation period, fertility, and oviposition behavior of Spissistilus festinus (Say) were determined during greenhouse and laboratory rearing. Field studies showed that three generations occurred annually in Louisiana. Spring host plants included clover and vetch; two generations were subsequently completed on soybean. Individuals of the last generation exhibited hypertrophied fat bodies. Females were unmated, with atrophied ovaries. These physiological traits, characteristic of reproductive diapause, were also induced in the laboratory by manipulating temperature and photoperiod.
Aggregate control of scientific data

AbstractThrough the investigation of a number of metadata standards for scientific data-sets, and the catalogues and websites of some scientific data repositories and portals, this paper identified the mechanisms employed for the aggregate control of scientific data. It also compared with the common approaches of aggregation control used by traditional archival institutions. Finally, it concluded that the scientific data management community and traditional archival institutions use largely the same approaches of aggregated control to facilitate resources’ access and discovery.
Multiple-sub-groups Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm

To improve the optimization performance of harmony search algorithm,a multiple-subgroups hybrid harmony search( MHHS) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm sorts the entire harmony individuals according to the space distance between each harmony and the best harmony,and then builds multiple layers based on the ranked results,where each layer is as a unique subgroup. Different sub-groups integrate various differential adjustment strategies to broaden search ranges. Meanwhile,the communication mechanism is built to facilitate the information exchange among the multiple-sub-groups and to promote multiple-sub-groups coevolution. Simulation results showthat the proposed algorithm is better than the existing algorithms such as HS,EHS,NGHS,MPSO,CLPSO,DE,ODE and IABC in terms of optimization accuracy,convergence and robustness.
Civitas meretrix: palabra y mercado en La Lozana Andaluza

No es proposito de este trabajo efectuar una revision de los avatares de la accidentada historia de la recepcion critica de La Lozana andaluza . Sin embargo, es sabido que La Lozana andaluza atraviesa hoy dia un nuevo periodo de revalorizacion en el campo de los estudios literarios del Renacimiento espanol y este hecho hay que tenerlo en cuenta en un preciso sentido. Decir que una obra esta siendo revalorizada se puede entender de dos maneras. En primer lugar, al modo usual, o sea, relacionando este hecho con los vaivenes del juicio estetico y sus instituciones autorizadas, que se encargan de evaluar una nocion tan resbaladiza como los meritos de un producto artistico. Pero Eque significa tambien «revalorizar» una obra literaria? Esto nos lleva a la segunda manera de enfo- car la cuestion.
Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitrosatable Drugs, and Congenital Malformations

Abstract Evidence from animal and epidemiologic studies suggests that ingestion of nitrosatable precursors, such as amines, amides, and nitrites, might increase the risk of congenital malformations through the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds. This chapter focuses on the potential separate and combined effects of nitrosatable drugs, dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite, and exposure to nitrate in drinking water on the risk of birth defects. Nitrosatable drugs are amines or amides that can react with nitrite in an acidic environment, such as in the stomach, to form N-nitroso compounds. Significant associations have been observed between prenatal exposures to nitrosatable drugs and several types of birth defects, especially among offspring of mothers who also had a higher dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite. Findings of recent studies indicate that some associations between nitrosatable drugs and birth defects are diminished among mothers who take daily supplements and/or consume adequate amounts of vitamin C, a known inhibitor of nitrosation.
Puzzling the Picture using Grounded Theory

Since the first publication by Glaser and Strauss in 1967, Grounded Theory has become a highly influential research approach in the social sciences. The approach provides techniques and coding strategies for building theory inductively from the "ground up" as concepts within the data earn relevance into an evolving substantive theory. Over time, Grounded Theory has undergone development and adaptations, and the first phases of analysis have been successfully applied to other types of inductive approaches, such as basic qualitative and case studies. The methodological literature can be difficult to navigate for new researchers as well as experienced analysts using the approach for the first time. This article synthesizes the work of various seminal scholars to address the value of grounded theorizing and it builds a picture of what it means to do grounded theory.
Biodiesel Profile Stabilization and Microbial Community Selection of Activated Sludge Feeding on Acetic Acid as a Carbon Source

This work studied the dynamics of the biodiesel profile [as lipid-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)] and microbial community diversity in activated sludge microbial consortia during the accumulation of lipid on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) as a carbon source. The model carbon source used was acetic acid buffered with sodium acetate; the nitrogen source was ammonium sulfate, and the feeding was done in fed-batch mode in bioreactors. The significant variability of FAMES in the grab-activated sludge was verified prior to bioreactor runs. Results showed that cultivation on acetic acid stabilized the profile of the FAMEs of activated sludge. This stabilization was likely due to proliferation of budding yeasts as confirmed by fungal diversity analysis. The dominant yeasts in the lipid-enhanced activated sludge were in the genera Williopsis. A confirmation that the quality of biodiesel improves through homogenization of the profile during the accumulation of lipid in activated sludge feeding on acetic ac...
Developer workflow at google (showcase)

This talk describes the developer workflow at Google, and our use of program analysis, testing, metrics, and tooling to reduce errors when creating and committing changes to source code. Software development at Google has several unique characteristics such as our monolithic codebase and distributed hermetic build system. Changes are vetted both manually, via our internal code review tool, and automatically, via sources such as the Tricorder program analysis platform and our automated testing infrastructure.
Perforation of Anterior Mitral Leaflet Due to Mechanical Stimulation Late After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

An 82-year-old man underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) using a 23-mm balloon-expandable SAPIEN XT valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) deployed via a transapical approach ([Figure 1A][1]). He was referred to our center for
Interairline Equity in Airport Scheduling Interventions

In the absence of opportunities for capacity expansion or operational enhancements, air traffic congestion mitigation may require scheduling interventions to control overcapacity scheduling at busy...
Computerized Prediction of Treatment Outcomes and Radiomics Analysis

Imaging has been traditionally used in radiotherapy for the purposes of tumor delineation and treatment planning. Recent evidence suggests that such imaging information could be also used as biomarkers for predicting response and personalized treatment as part of an emerging field called “radiomics.” In this chapter, we discuss the application of imaging-based approaches to predict radiotherapy outcomes from single and hybrid imaging modalities. We describe the different steps involved in radiomics analysis and present examples from our own experiences. We highlight the current challenges and future potentials for image-based decision support in radiotherapy.
Folate-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin for imaging and therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

e13110 Background: Cisplatin (DDP) is a widely used anticancer drug but its application has been limited by side effects and drug resistance. We have previously showed that selective delivery of DDP to tumors using novel nanoparticles could significantly enhance antitumor effects with reduced toxicity. As our group has reported that 45% of 105 HNSCC primary tumors were positive for folate receptor (FR) in Head Neck 31:475-81, 2009, we further developed DDP-loaded folate-targeted iron oxide nanoparticle (FA-IO-DDP) for HNSCC imaging and therapy. Methods: HNSCC cell lines were screened for FR expression by Western blot and surface expression was confirmed by FACS. Intracellular platinum (Pt) and Pt-DNA adducts were quantified by ICP-mass spectrometry. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity test. T2 weighted MRI was used to detect signal changes induced by FA-IO-DDP. Biodistribution of the nanoparticles was studied using nude mice bearing high FR expressing KB3-1 xenograft. Results: Five cell lines expressing s...
Ballistic trauma from an exploding electronic cigarette: Case report

Abstract Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) first became available in the United States in 2007, and since that time, the number of e-cigarette users in the US has grown to over 2.5 million. During the period from 2010–2013 alone, the percentage of Americans who reported that they had ever used electronic cigarettes more than doubled from 3.3% to 8.5%. This number will continue to grow, as the use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative to smoking and in smoking cessation is being explored by the public and medical professionals alike. This article presents a case report involving a patient who was injured when the electronic cigarette he was smoking exploded in his face, causing a ballistic injury to his maxilla, as well as a series of other associated injuries. There have been several recent reports in the literature of exploding electronic cigarettes. This article presents a case of avulsive injury due to ballistic trauma with associated impaction of the vaporizing device.
Leadership and Choice Theory

This technical note explores leadership through the framework of choice theory. As human beings, we actively engage in four strongly interconnected domains of choice: our activities, our thinking, our feelings, and our physiology. Effective leaders understand the behaviors they are choosing and the potential consequences of those behaviors for others. Choice theory provides a framework for choosing behaviors that solve problems and create value.This note is used as a background reading in Darden's Leadership Learning Lab and in several Executive Education offerings. Excerpt UVA-OB-1052 Jul. 24, 2013 LEADERSHIP AND CHOICE THEORY People choose to join clubs and choose the leaders of those clubs. Clubs that work well are defined by good relationships, and club leaders play a vital role in the relationship process. Choice theory provides a useful framework for understanding the choices we make as leaders and the choices others make. A Total Behavior Perspective As human beings, we actively engage in four domains of choice: our activities (what we say and do), our thinking, our feelings, and our physiology. These four domains of behavior are strongly interconnected. We directly choose our thinking and acting and indirectly choose our feelings and physiology. Our feelings and physiology influence our thinking and acting. Whatever we do, we are always thinking and feeling. . . .
Child Anxiety and Parental Anxiety Sensitivity are Related to Parent Sick Role Reinforcement

SYNOPSISObjective. Parents can facilitate offspring anxiety in response to bodily arousal via “sick role reinforcement,” a process that may be important during adolescence. Although a sizeable body...
Engineering Negative Differential Resistance in NCFETs for Analog Applications

In negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs), drain current may decrease with increasing ${V}_{\mathrm {ds}}$ in the saturation region, leading to negative differential resistance (NDR). While NDR is useful for oscillator design, it is undesirable for most analog circuits. On the other hand, the tendency toward NDR may be used to reduce the normally positive output conductance ( ${g}_{ \mathrm {ds}}$ ) of a short-channel transistor to a nearly zero positive value to achieve higher voltage gain. In this paper, we analyze the NDR effect for NCFET in the static limit and demonstrate that it can be engineered to reduce ${g}_{\mathrm {ds}}$ degradation in short-channel devices. Small and positive $g_{\mathrm{ ds}}$ is achieved without compromising the subthreshold gain, which is crucial for analog applications. The 7-nm ITRS 2.0 FinFET with 0.7 V ${V}_{\mathrm {dd}}$ is used as the baseline device in this paper.
Aphid-borne Rhabdoviruses—Relationships with Their Vectors

The vector-dependent, aphid-borne, rhabdoviruses for purposes of this review are considered as a subset of the larger group of rhabdoviruses that infect plants. Qualitatively, the uniqueness of the subset lies in the host range of the viruses, i.e., dicots and aphids, and includes viruses that mature by budding from the inner nuclear membrane as well as those that bud off cytoplasmic membrane systems.
Case 26: Severe Systemic Local Anesthetic Toxicity

A 42 year old man (ASA 1) is scheduled for an elective elbow surgery. He is 72 kg and 6 ft). He consents to an interscalene block as he would prefer not to have a general anesthetic. In the preoperative holding area an IV is placed. Sedation, consisting of 2 mg midazolam and 50 mcg of fentanyl is given. The block is done in the following manner. The interscalene grove is identified at the level of C6 using a Stimuplex-DIG nerve stimulator (R. Braun, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18018). The brachial plexus is identified by eliciting a biceps stimulation (0.1 ms duration, 2 Hz) 0.4 mA. A 40 mL solution consisting of (20 mL bupivacaine, 0.5% and 20 mL mepivacaine 1.5%) is injected slowly over a 2 min period. The patient is awake during the block. No blood or paresthesias is seen during the procedure.
Fundamentals of Genes and Genomes

This chapter briefly discusses the structure and function of genes and genomes. Some topics covered here are not usually discussed in textbooks of molecular biology. The obvious beginning is from the double-helical structure of DNA. The discussion on hydrogen bonding and the standard base-pairing principle is extended to include Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding and triple helix formation. The importance of intron phase in alternative splicing is discussed in detail; it lays the foundation for understanding exon shuffling during genome evolution, discussed in Chapter 2. Various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as small ncRNA, long ncRNA, competing endogenous RNA, and circular RNA are highlighted. The chemical basis of the instability of RNA is also discussed. The relationship between protein function and the location of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is explained with examples. Some important features of the human genome and characterization of its functional elements by the Encyclopedia of the DNA Elements (ENCODE) project are highlighted. A discussion on the epigenetic modification of the genome is also included.
The theory of graceful extensibility: basic rules that govern adaptive systems

The paper introduces the theory of graceful extensibility which expresses fundamental characteristics of the adaptive universe that constrain the search for sustained adaptability. The theory explains the contrast between successful and unsuccessful cases of sustained adaptability for systems that serve human purposes. Sustained adaptability refers to the ability to continue to adapt to changing environments, stakeholders, demands, contexts, and constraints (in effect, to adapt how the system in question adapts). The key new concept at the heart of the theory is graceful extensibility. Graceful extensibility is the opposite of brittleness, where brittleness is a sudden collapse or failure when events push the system up to and beyond its boundaries for handling changing disturbances and variations. As the opposite of brittleness, graceful extensibility is the ability of a system to extend its capacity to adapt when surprise events challenge its boundaries. The theory is presented in the form of a set of 10 proto-theorems derived from just two assumptions—in the adaptive universe, resources are always finite and change continues. The theory contains three subsets of fundamentals: managing the risk of saturation, networks of adaptive units, and outmaneuvering constraints. The theory attempts to provide a formal base and common language that characterizes how complex systems sustain and fail to sustain adaptability as demands change.
Risk of opportunistic infection in kidney transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection and associated outcomes.

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients has been anecdotally observed with concomitant or subsequent opportunistic infections (OI), but this association has yet to be defined or quantified. METHODS Patients who received a renal transplant between 1/1/2005 and 6/30/2014 and developed CMV infection were matched to controls in a ratio of 1:2 and the rates of opportunistic co-infection were calculated within pre-specified time frames (-30 days to +90 days and -30 days to +180 days). The primary outcome was composite OI rate, and secondary outcomes included time to OI and patient and graft outcomes. CMV-OI association rates were estimated via conditional logistic regression. RESULTS There were 2405 patients who received a renal transplant during the study period; 394 cases of CMV infection were identified. These cases were matched to 783 controls for a total of 805 participants. OI occurred in 14 patients in the CMV case group (CMV+) and in 5 patients in the control group (CMV-) in the -30 to +90 day time period (3.55% vs 0.64%, OR = 5.60, 95% CI: 2.02-12.55). When considering 180-day follow-up, OI occurred in 17 CMV+ patients and 8 CMV- patients (4.3% vs 1%, OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.83-9.85). Mean time from CMV diagnosis to OI was 33 ± 64 days (median 7 days). Mortality was 3 times more likely in the group with concomitant OI (CMV+/OI+) as compared to a matched cohort of patients with CMV infection without OI (CMV+/OI-) (unadjusted HR 3.02, 1.64-5.55, Tables 6 and 7). Cumulative survival for CMV+/OI+ patients was significantly worse than CMV+/OI- patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CMV is associated with a significantly increased risk of co-infection with OI, particularly fungal infections. Clinical suspicion for concomitant OI should drive further workup after a CMV diagnosis. Future studies are needed to better define those patients at highest risk to elucidate subpopulations where the benefits of prophylaxis outweigh the potential risks associated with these therapies.
Abstract 269: Patients >65 Years of Age Have Higher Mortality After In-hospital Cardiac Arrest With Lower Utilization of Healthcare Resources

Background: Studies have shown that age is not an independent predictor of short-term and long-term neurological outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These findings were reported for both ...
Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is an indolent B-cell lymphoma of the skin that generally involves the scalp or the trunk. Lesions tend to be localized rather than multifocal. The possibility of secondary cutaneous involvement by systemic/nodal follicular lymphoma must be excluded.
“Twenty-Four White Women and Me”: Controlling and Managing Men of Color in Teacher Education:

Diversifying the student body in teacher education programs (TEPs) remains an elusive goal. Despite recruiting efforts, few men of color complete programs leading to teaching credentials. To proble...
Electromigration of cell surface macromolecules in DC electric fields during cell polarization and galvanotaxis

DC electric fields (EFs) can often induce cellular polarity, and direct migration of cells toward one of the electrical poles. The mechanism(s) by which cells sense weak EFs is not established. We present here a molecular flux model to describe electromigration of plasma membrane macromolecules and compare its predictions to electromigration of a lipid-anchored surface protein, tdTomato-GPI, under different experimental conditions. Gradients of tdTomato-GPI are assembled based on its electrophoretic and electro-osmotic mobilities and collapsed by its own diffusion. The flux model predicts greatest cathodal accumulation for tdTomato-GPI under slightly acidic conditions, and weak cathodal accumulation under alkaline conditions. Predictions by the flux model align closely with measurements of the electromigration of tdTomato-GPI except at pH 6, the only condition examined in which the protein exhibits a net positive surface charge. We use the model to predict the time course and relative steady state concentration difference for asymmetric accumulation of other surface macromolecules based on their physical properties. We also describe a method for identifying the physical properties of the plasma membrane proteins in zebrafish keratocytes, in order to predict likely candidates for the electric field receptor in this model migratory system that exhibits cathodal galvanotaxis, and to predict the asymmetric distribution of proteins in other cell types. We provide a physical basis for predicting the dynamics of electromigration for numerous cell surface macromolecules and provide evidence for supporting the role of electromigration in directing cell polarity, migration and growth in response to weak EFs.
High-temperature phase transformations in AISI 316 stainless steel infused with concentrated interstitial carbon

Abstract For the austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 treated by low-temperature carburization, we report a first study on high-temperature phase transformations (up to the melting point). This study was carried out on uniformly carburized foils of AISI 316. Upon heating, M23C6 was found to precipitate in grain boundaries between 900 and 1100 K. At around 1325 K, these precipitates dissolve. Upon heating to 1473 K and subsequent cooling, the carbide M7C3 forms in grain boundaries and then also within the austenite grains. The Cr-depletion caused by precipitation of Cr-rich carbides converts austenite to ferro-nickel, causing the material to become ferromagnetic. Unless oxygen is available at the alloy surface, carbon is not lost from the alloy. Cooling down already after reaching 1173 K retains a substantial fraction of the initial interstitial carbon in solid solution, meaning that AISI 316 foils surface-engineered by low-temperature carburization have significant “accident tolerance.” Even after exposure to temperatures close to the melting point (1473 K), the mechanical properties will be improved over those of non-carburized AISI 316, owing to precipitation hardening by an exceptionally high volume fraction of intra-granular carbide.
Foundations and Foundation Myths of the Troubadours

A review of several origin myths relating to the creation of medieval Occitan lyric poetry. We see a preference for a “great man theory” of origins, though the “great man” may be a fictional woman. Medieval and early Renaissance Occitan authors, including Uc de Saint Circ, Guilhem Molinier, and Jean de Nostredame, used differing origin myths to validate literature in a language that was perceived not to carry the prestige of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin or fifteen- and sixteenth-century French.