cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liver Retinol Transporter and Receptor for Serum Retinol-binding Protein (RBP4)

Abstract Vitamin A (retinol) is absorbed in the small intestine, stored in liver, and secreted into circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4). Circulating retinol may be taken up by extrahepatic tissues or recycled back to liver multiple times before it is finally metabolized or degraded. Liver exhibits high affinity binding sites for RBP4, but specific receptors have not been identified. The only known high affinity receptor for RBP4, Stra6, is not expressed in the liver. Here we report discovery of RBP4 receptor-2 (RBPR2), a novel retinol transporter expressed primarily in liver and intestine and induced in adipose tissue of obese mice. RBPR2 is structurally related to Stra6 and highly conserved in vertebrates, including humans. Expression of RBPR2 in cultured cells confers high affinity RBP4 binding and retinol transport, and RBPR2 knockdown reduces RBP4 binding/retinol transport. RBPR2 expression is suppressed by retinol and retinoic acid and correlates inversely with liver retinol stores in vivo. We conclude that RBPR2 is a novel retinol transporter that potentially regulates retinol homeostasis in liver and other tissues. In addition, expression of RBPR2 in liver and fat suggests a possible role in mediating established metabolic actions of RBP4 in those tissues.
Self-Esteem, Authoritarianism, and Democratic Values in the Face of Threat

This study investigated the associations among terrorist threat, right-wing authoritarianism, self-esteem, and their relations in support for democratic values. Students (n = 140) completed Altemeyer's Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, and the Democratic Values Scale. The participants also read an editorial regarding the events of 9/11/01 and completed two mortality-salience questions to induce a sense of threat. Results showed that self-esteem was a significant contributor to the prediction of scores on the Democratic Values Scale. Furthermore, the interaction between self-esteem and right-wing authoritarianism explained significant variance in the Democratic Values Scale scores. The results are interpreted in light of theories addressing authoritarianism and self-esteem.
Stability analysis and error estimate of flowfield-dependent variation (FDV) method for first order linear hyperbolic equations

Flowfield-dependent variation (FDV) method has been used in fluid mechanics and astrophysics. This method has been developed to solve many flow problems such as the interactions of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers in transonic flow and hypersonic flow, and chemically reacting flows. However, stability analysis and error estimate are missing in the numerical method. In this paper we analyze FDV method for a first-order linear hyperbolic equation, and apply finite difference method to discretize the space variable. Stability conditions and optimal error estimates are proved.
Automatic stimulus presentation for the proboscis extension reflex in diptera

An apparatus is described that automates the elicitation of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) in dipterans. The PER has been used as a measure of both classical conditioning and central excitation. Most studies of PER have employed manual stimulation, which adds inter- and intraexperimenter differences in technique as another source of variance. The advantages of this apparatus are (1) elimination of individual differences in manual techniques of experimenters as a possible source of error variance and (2) capability of stimulating several flies individually during a single session. An experiment is reported comparing the manual and automated methods.
Coarctation of the aorta and renal artery stenosis in tuberous sclerosis

Among neurocutaneous disorders, coarctation of the abdominal aorta and renal artery stenosis have traditionally been associated with neurofibromatosis. We report a 5-year-old girl who, during the evaluation of asymptomatic hypertension, was discovered to have bilateral renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the abdominal aorta, renal cysts and typical skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis. Renal vascular hypertension has not been reported previously in tuberous sclerosis. We conclude that the tuberous sclerosis complex should be expanded to include vascular malformations and that hypertension should not be assumed to be secondary to renal hamartomata or cysts in patients with tuberous sclerosis.
The emerging role of dead-beat, direct torque and flux control in the future of induction machine drives

Induction machine drives have the potential to be a highly efficient candidate for variable load power conversion applications dominated by low per unit torque, medium speed duty cycles. To achieve efficiency, the key control variable is flux linkage, which is central to direct torque and flux controlled (DTFC) drives. Deadbeat DTFC drives, by switching at fixed rates, can seamlessly handle voltage/current limits, as well as with zero speed self-sensing methods. This paper explores the methods to achieve true deadbeat, DTFC control, deal with voltage and current limits, and be suitable for loss minimizing control and zero speed self-sensing control.
Heteroepitaxial growth of Cu2O thin film on ZnO by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) thin films were grown epitaxially on c -axis-oriented polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) from Copper(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate [Cu(C 5 HF 6 O 2 ) 2 ] at various substrate temperatures, between 250 and 400 °C, and pressures, between 0.6 and 2.1 Torr. Polycrystalline thin films of Cu 2 O grow as single phase with [1 1 0] axis aligned perpendicular to the ZnO surface and with in-plane rotational alignment due to (2 2 0) Cu2O ∥(0 0 0 2) ZnO ; [0 0 1] Cu2O ∥[1 2¯ 1 0] ZnO epitaxy. The resulting interface is rectifying and may be suitable for oxide-based p–n junction solar cells or diodes.
Heat Shock or Stress Proteins and Their Role As Autoantigens in Multiple Sclerosis

Stress or heat shock proteins are constitutively expressed in normal CNS tissues, in a variety of cell types (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons). Their presence may protect cells from various stresses, such as hypoxia, anoxia, and excessive excitatory stimulation. Increased amounts of hsp are expressed in various cells of the CNS during acute toxic-metabolic states and in chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Increased expression of hsp may lead to immune responses to these proteins. Antibodies to mycobacterial hsp bind to normal human myelin and to oligodendrocytes in regions of MS demyelination. Cellular immune responses to hsp occur with increased frequency and magnitude in persons with MS, especially those with recent onset of disease. In addition, there are populations of T cells expressing gamma/delta antigen receptors in the brains and spinal fluids of persons with MS, suggesting an in situ immune response to hsp. Humoral immune responses to hsp are found in CSF, but no disease specificity has been documented. Some myelin proteins have sequence homology with particular hsp. One instance is the homology between a peptide of mycobacterial HSP 65 and the myelin protein CNP. Our data in EAE suggest that immune responses to either cross-reactive epitopes or whole hsp can modify the course of both acute and chronic relapsing EAE. These data support the hypothesis that an immune response to an infectious agent's hsp could result in a cross-reactive immune response to CNS myelin, or to responses to endogenous, CNS-expressed hsp, resulting in demyelination. This may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of MS.
The human ecology of global change: Unresolved questions

The need to view human activity as an integral component of the geosphere-biosphere system has been emphasized since the earliest writings on global environmental change. In recent years, however, the long-term, large-scale interactions between human activities and the world's environment have become the focus of increasing practical and scholarly attention. Several national and international programs are beginning to plan systematic research strategies for better understanding those interactions. This paper attempts to review and summarize the major conclusions of these early planning efforts through a discussion of the major unresolved questions relating to the human ecology of global change.
Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Ethanol-Derived Mixed Tertiary Alkyl Ethyl Ethers in an Isothermal Integral Packed-Bed Reactor

Industrial production of mixed tertiary ethers by reacting methanol or ethanol with a mixed tertiary olefin stream is a distinct possibility. Consequently, the synthesis of mixed ethyl tertiary alkyl ethers from ethanol and mixtures of reactive iso-olefins in an isothermal integral packed-bed reactor is studied. The rate expressions in terms of activities for the individual reaction rates in this family of ethers are taken from related work. These kinetic expressions are utilized here for comparison with experimental data obtained in a packed-bed reactor containing Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin catalyst for a mixed iso-C6 olefin feed stream as well as for a mixed C4, C5, and C6 iso-olefin stream. Etherification and isomerization conversions increase with space time at the lower temperatures; however, at the higher temperatures equilibrium limitations are approached. As a function of temperature, the conversions first increase and then decline due to thermodynamic limitations for these exothermic reactio...
Vasoactive intestinal peptide regulation of neuroblast mitosis and survival: role of cAMP.

Abstract The role of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of neuroblast mitosis and survival by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was examined. VIP increased the cAMP content of culture rat sympathetic neuroblasts. Further, cAMP stimulated DNA synthesis and survival in neuroblast cultures, replicating the effects of VIP. Thus, the VIP-cAMP signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of neuronal development.
Acute behavioral effects of MK-801 in rhesus monkeys: Assessment using an operant test battery

The acute effects of MK-801, a selective, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, were assessed using an operant test battery (OTB) of complex food-reinforced tasks that are thought to depend upon relatively specific brain functions such as motivation to work for food (progressive ratio, PR), learning (incremental repeated acquisition, IRA), color and position discrimination (conditioned position responding, CPR), time estimation (temporal response differentiation, TRD), and short-term memory and attention (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS). Endpoints included response rates (RR), accuracies (ACC), and percent task completed (PTC). MK-801 (0.003–0.075 mg/kg, IV), given 15 min pretesting, produced significant dose-dependent decreases in measures of IRA and TRD performance at doses ≥0.03 mg/kg. In both tasks, MK-801 produced significant decreases in accuracy at doses lower than those required to affect response rate. MK-801 also produced statistically significant decreases in PR, CPR, and DMTS measures, but only at higher doses (≥0.056 mg/kg) that caused significant decreases in both response rates and accuracies. These results indicate that, in monkeys, performance of operant tasks designed to model learning and time estimation is more sensitive to the disruptive effects of MK-801 than performance of tasks that model motivation, color, and position discrimination and short-term memory and attention.
The developmental appearance of hexokinase and alcohol dehydrogenase in Xenopus laevis

The stages of appearance of hexokinase (HK; E.C. 2.7.1.1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; E.C. 1.1.1.1) in Xenopus laevis were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. The HK activity detected in this investigation is gut-specific and appears at metamorphic climax (stage 63: Nieuwkoop and Faber, '67). Kinetic studies from crude homogenates tentatively identify this as a low Km HK type. ADH is first detected in larval stage 47 and is primarily liver-specific. It is postulated that the observed electromorphic variation can be explained by assuming there are at least three ADH loci in this species, but the products of only two can form heterodimers. These enzyme systems, from their tissue specificities and post-fertilization stages of appearance, should be useful for studies of gene activation in X. laevis development.
Pharmacological analysis of ovarial patency in Heliothis virescens.

Abstract The insect oocyte sequesters nutritive proteins during patency, which is facilitated as a result of intercellular spaces occurring between follicular epithelial cells under the influence of juvenile hormone (JH). Patency was analyzed in the moth, Heliothis virescens, using a pharmacological approach, in which we used different JH homologues and chemicals that specifically target elements of two second-messenger pathways in vertebrates, the cAMP-dependent and inositol triphosphate/diacylglycerol signaling pathways. JH I and JH III evoked dose-dependent patency in H. virescens oocyte follicles, which was suppressed by the Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain. Patency was observed in follicular epithelial cells treated with either protein kinase C activator, PDBu, or protein kinase A activator, 8-Br-cAMP, by itself. The protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, preferentially suppressed patency evoked by JH III, whereas the protein kinase A inhibitor, H89, preferentially suppressed that evoked by JH I. Additionally, patency was triggered by the adenylate cyclase activator, NKH 477, or peptide Gs-protein activator, cholera toxin, alone. Patency evoked by JH I was suppressed by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ 22,536, and GPAnt-2, a peptide antagonistic to Gs proteins that stimulates adenylate cyclase. Neither of these latter inhibitors, however, affected JH III-evoked patency. These results suggest that, in the process of patency in H. virescens ovarial follicles, JH I predominantly signals via the cAMP-dependent second messenger system, whereas JH III acts via the inositol triphosphate/diacylglycerol signaling pathway. Moreover, stimulation of patency by cholera toxin alone and inhibition of JH I-evoked patency by GPAnt-2, strongly suggest that JH I acts on the follicular epithelial cells via activation of G-protein, and—possibly—via Gs-protein coupled receptor.
Evidence for one-electron transfer by the Fe protein of nitrogenase.

Abstract The number of electrons transferred per molecule of the Fe protein of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum was determined. The Fe protein was enzymically oxidized in the presence of MgATP and a small amount of MoFe protein, and dithionite was introduced to reduce part of the Fe protein. From the decrease in absorbance at 430 nm upon addition of dithionite and the amount of dithionite added, we conclude that one oxidized Fe protein molecule (dimer of 55,000 dalton) accepts one electron from dithionite. These calculations were based on our value of 6,600 M−1cm−1 for the extinction coefficient at 430 nm of the difference spectrum between oxidized and reduced Fe protein.
BRAF kinase domain mutations are present in a subset of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with wild-type RAS.

The frequency of RAS mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) suggests that activation of the MAPK pathway is important in CMML pathogenesis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that mutations in other members of the MAPK pathway might be overrepresented in RASwt CMML. We performed targeted next generation sequencing analysis on 70 CMML patients with known RAS mutation status. The study group included 37 men and 33 women with a median age of 67.8 years (range, 28–86 years). Forty patients were RASwt and 30 were RASmut; the latter included KRAS = 17; NRAS = 12; KRAS + NRAS = 1. Five patients (7.1% of total group; 12.5% of RASwt group) with RASwt had kinase domain BRAF mutations. The BRAF mutations were of missense type and involved exon 11 in one patient and exon 15 in four patients. All BRAFmut patients had CMML-1 with low-risk cytogenetic findings. Two (40%) of the five patients with BRAFmut patients transformed to acute myeloid leukemia during follow-up. In summary, we demonstrate that a subset of patients with RASwt CMML harbors BRAF kinase domain mutations that are potentially capable of activating the MAPK signaling pathway. Am. J. Hematol. 89:499–504, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age-Associated Cartilage Degeneration of the Canine Humeral Head

The goal of this study was to determine if cartilage lesions of the humeral head in adult dogs are the consequence of osteochondrosis dissecans or degenerative joint disease. A gross and histologic survey was performed of humeral head cartilage lesions of 155 dogs ranging in age from 1 week to 19 years. The humeral head and cartilage lesion size were measured for each dog. Cartilage lesions were classified as fibrillation, fissures, erosion, and/or eburnation. The area of each lesion was multiplied by a severity score (fibrillation and fissures 1, erosion 2, and eburnation 3) to create a combined score for each humeral head. Correlations between this combined lesion score and age, humeral head size, body weight, and body condition score were assessed using a Bonferroni-corrected alpha of .01. Twenty-six humeral heads were also evaluated histologically. Of the 155 dogs, 80 (52%) had gross lesions of the articular cartilage. The presence and severity of the articular cartilage lesions were positively correlated with age, humeral head size, body weight, and body condition score. The average age of dogs with cartilage lesions was 8.8 years, and 77/105 (74%) of adult dogs had cartilage lesions. Fifty dogs were 3 years of age or younger; 3 of those had cartilage lesions, 1 of which was osteochondrosis. These data indicate that cartilage erosion of the caudal humeral head in dogs is a common degenerative lesion acquired in adult large breed dogs; osteochondrosis dissecans does not precede the lesion in the vast majority of cases.
Interactions between Extracellular Signal-regulated Protein Kinase 1, 14-3-3ϵ, and Heat Shock Factor 1 during Stress

Cytoprotection during the heat shock response is a complex phenomenon involving multiple inducible mechanisms. We have examined the interaction of two key molecular components in the response, heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK). Whereas both HSF1 and ERK are required to protect cells against apoptosis, ERK activation is paradoxically antagonistic to trans-activation of hsp promoters by HSF1 and HSP accumulation during heat shock. We have found that the two pathways interact directly and that heat shock causes the physical association of ERK1 with HSF1, an interaction that promotes the kinase activity of ERK in heat-shocked cells. ERK activation results in the recruitment of the phosphoserine binding protein 14-3-3ϵ in a manner dependent on previous HSF1 phosphorylation by ERK. The effects of 14-3-3ϵ binding on HSF1 were complex, however, depending on extracellular conditions, in that HSF1-14-3-3 binding at 37 °C led to the cytoplasmic sequestration and repression of HSF1, whereas heat shock overrode these effects and caused quantitative nuclear localization of HSF1. Although the effects of 14-3-3ϵ binding to HSF1 were overridden acutely by stress, during recovery from heat shock, 14-3-3ϵ association again led to enhanced cytoplasmic localization of HSF1, implicating a role for ERK/14-3-3ϵ in HSF1 deactivation in recovering cells. Association of HSF1 with ERK and 14-3-3ϵ during heat shock may thus modulate the amplitude of the response and lead to efficient termination of HSP expression on resumption of growth conditions.
A vertical partitioning algorithm for relational databases

In a relational database environment, transaction response time is likely to be affected by the time required to read the necessary data from secondary storage (disk). In cases where segment scans are used to a significant extent, vertical partitioning of the relation can result in a decrease in the number of disk accesses. The issue is how to set up the criterion for partitioning. In this paper, an optimal binary partitioning algorithm which can be recursively applied is developed. The algorithm is based on an integer linear programming technique to minimize the number of disk accesses. Performance analysis is provided to study the situation when partitioning can be beneficial and quantify the performance impact. This can also be used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm as compared with a previously proposed partitioning scheme.
A novel method for replacement of the dislodged tracheostomy tube : The nasogastric tube guidewire technique

Unscheduled replacement of dislodged tracheostomy tubes can be a challenging procedure for the physician and a frightening event for the patient. Forceful attempts at replacement are both painful and dangerous; such attempts may disrupt the soft tissues adjacent to the tracheostomy tract, creating a false passage and potentiating acute respiratory failure. We describe a technique using a standard nasogastric tube that allows safe and precise replacement of tracheostomy tubes in both sedated and combative patients under routine and emergent conditions.
Arrhythmogenic Foci and the Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation

In this issue of the Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology , Kurotobi et al1 determined the number of arrhythmogenic foci in atria provocable with isoproterenol infusion in patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). The results show that persistent AF has more foci than paroxysmal AF. However, when AF persists for >12 months, the number of foci were reduced. The authors suggest that the increased number of foci probably is involved in the development of persistent AF. However, because this association is not observed for AF that persists for >12 months, the importance of these foci in AF maintenance remains unclear. Article see p 39 In ambulatory canine models, simultaneous sympathovagal discharges (rather than isolated sympathetic activation) are typical triggers of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (AT) and AF.2,3⇓ These observations are explained by the late phase-3 early afterdepolarization (EAD), which depends on the coexistence of increased amplitude and duration of intracellular calcium (Cai) transient and the shortened action potential duration (APD).4,5⇓ Vagal stimulation shortens APD and therefore is needed to promote the late phase-3 EAD. In the Kurotobi study, however, arrhythmogenic foci were induced by isoproterenol alone, without the need of vagal stimulation or the use of parasympathomimetic agents. These results are different from that obtained in canine studies. The first possible explanation is that the pulmonary veins (PVs) naturally have shorter APDs with elevated (less negative) membrane potentials.6,7⇓ Rapid activation may further shorten the APD in the PVs.8 These changes are independent of the vagal tone. Jais et al9 reported the effective refractory periods of the PVs were shorter …
Accurately modeling EI core inductors using a high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuit approach

We present a high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuit (HFMEC) inductor model that reduces the inaccuracies associated with a traditional MEC approach. The model can accurately predict the flux linkage versus current characteristic in a fraction of the time needed for finite-element analysis. The accuracy, computational efficiency, and simple inputs (consisting of only geometry and material specifications) make the model ideal for automated inductor design.
Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies

Many human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize multiple clades of HIV-1 are polyreactive and bind avidly to mammalian autoantigens. Indeed, the generation of neutralizing antibodies to the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes of HIV-1 gp41 in man may be proscribed by immune tolerance because mice expressing the VH and VL regions of 2F5 have a block in B cell development that is characteristic of central tolerance. This developmental blockade implies the presence of tolerizing autoantigens that are mimicked by the membrane-proximal external region of HIV-1 gp41. We identify human kynureninase (KYNU) and splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (SF3B3) as the primary conserved, vertebrate self-antigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 antibodies, respectively. 2F5 binds the H4 domain of KYNU which contains the complete 2F5 linear epitope (ELDKWA). 4E10 recognizes an epitope of SF3B3 that is strongly dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Opossums carry a rare KYNU H4 domain that abolishes 2F5 binding, but they retain the SF3B3 4E10 epitope. Immunization of opossums with HIV-1 gp140 induced extraordinary titers of serum antibody to the 2F5 ELDKWA epitope but little or nothing to the 4E10 determinant. Identification of structural motifs shared by vertebrates and HIV-1 provides direct evidence that immunological tolerance can impair humoral responses to HIV-1.
Adapting ADtrees for improved performance on large datasets with high-arity features

The ADtree, a data structure useful for caching sufficient statistics, has been successfully adapted to grow lazily when memory is limited and to update sequentially with an incrementally updated dataset. However, even these modified forms of the ADtree still exhibit inefficiencies in terms of both space usage and query time, particularly on datasets with very high dimensionality and with high-arity features. We propose four modifications to the ADtree, each of which can be used to improve size and query time under specific types of datasets and features. These modifications also provide an increased ability to precisely control how an ADtree is built and to tune its size given external memory or speed requirements.
Has Exurban Growth Enabled Greater Racial Equity in Neighborhood Quality? Evidence from the Los Angeles Region

A wealth of data drawn from cities and their nearby suburbs show that, consistent with place stratification theory, African Americans live in poorer quality communities than similarly affluent memb...
Boundary integral equations for bending of thin plates

There are a number of different ways to approach the formulation of boundary integral equations for plate bending. While in some sense these are equivalent (if correctly done) the differences becomes quite significant when the resulting formulations are implemented in the numerical solution of specific boundary value problems. Most early proposals for the direct numerical solution of plate bending boundary integral equations were based on so-called indirect formulations and generally were designed for specific classes of problems. One of the earliest significant examples is due to Jaswon and Maiti1 who propose a formulation for uniformly loaded clamped and simply supported plates based on the introduction of two source distribution densities on the plate boundary generating harmonic potentials which are then related to the plate displacement. A somewhat different formulation of the same type to treat uniformly loaded simply supported polygonal plates was proposed by Maiti and Chakrabarty2. Hansen3 derived two different boundary integral formulations designed mainly for plates containing holes with free edges.
Update on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of squamous head and neck cancers.

This article summarizes the recent literature in 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging of head and neck cancers and extends the previous review in this area by Schoder and Yeung in the July 2004 issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine . Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging is now used widely but has not been adequately evaluated for head and neck cancer. Its accuracy in initial staging is better than CT but may be similar to magnetic resonance imaging. It is not sufficiently accurate in the N0 neck to rule out nodal metastases but may be appropriate if sentinel node mapping is performed in patients with PET studies showing no nodal disease. PET imaging is beginning to be used in radiotherapy treatment planning, where it makes a significant difference by identifying malignant normal size nodes, extent of viable tumor, and distant disease. PET continues to be useful in carcinoma of unknown primary in identification of the primary site. Overall success is around 27% after all other modalities have failed. FDG-PET is being used frequently to assess response to therapy and for surveillance thereafter. The major controversy is when to image after radiotherapy or combined chemo-radiotherapy. One month seems to be too early. The ideal time seems to be 3 to 4 months to avoid both false-positive and false-negative studies. The growing use of PET-CT studies in head and neck cancer will certainly make a significant difference in the treatment and outcome in this disease.
Battle and Ballet: Molecular Interactions between the Sexes in Drosophila

Varied and fascinating interactions occur between males and females to lead to the production of progeny. Interactions between the sexes continue even after the act of mating—but at the molecular and cellular level instead of between individual animals. Molecules transferred from males to females during mating (via the seminal fluid) exert potent effects on females’ physiology and (at least in some animals) on behavior. Taking advantage of genetic, genomic, and biochemical tools for Drosophila, we investigate molecular interactions that underlie this form of chemical communication. Recent data show that molecules and cells from both sexes participate in this ‘‘ballet,’’ facilitating the mutually beneficial outcome of increased progeny production. Examples to be presented include the storage and utilization of sperm in the mated female, and a proteolytic pathway that begins in the male but ends in the female and involves both male and female contributions. Despite the joint benefit of increased progeny production, the ‘‘interests’’ of the mating male can differ from those of his mate. Over evolutionary time this disconnect can, in theory, precipitate a ‘‘battle’’ between the sexes, potentially leading to the rapid sequence changes that have been observed for some seminal proteins across species.
EXACT COVERING SYSTEMS IN QUADRATIC NUMBER FIELDS

A theorem of Davenport, Mirsky, Newman and Rado shows that there does not exist an exact covering system with distinct moduli. Motivated by this, we raise the question whether or not this is true for covering systems in algebraic number fields. We provide an affirmative answer for certain quadratic fields.
Duality transformations of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields

Duality transformations, i.e., rotations of electric and magnetic fields into each other, are implementable by a time-local generator for source-free Maxwell theory in an arbitrary spacetime metric. The Maxwell action $\ensuremath{\int}({E}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{B}^{2})$ as well as the stress tensor components, e.g., ${E}^{2}+{B}^{2}$, are duality invariant and the generator is conserved. In the formally analogous Yang-Mills case, duality transformations cannot even be consistently implemented.
TWO SPECIES OF CECIDOMYIIDAE PREDACIOUS ON CITRUS RUST MITE, PHYLLOCOPTRUTA OLEIVORA, ON FLORIDA CITRUS

Abstract Larvae of two undescribed species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were found preying upon Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Florida citrus. Identifications to genus were made from adults reared in the laboratory. The two species had distinctive larval coloration. One larval type was completely yellow and was identified as Feltiella n. sp., while the second larval type had an orange color with a transverse white band close to the mouthparts. The latter cecidomyiid was identified as belonging to a genus near Lestodiplosis in the broad sense. Feltiella n. sp. (n = 17) and the species near the genus Lestodiplosis (n = 12) consumed 33.8 ± 4.6 (mean ± SEM) and 43.0 ± 6.4 citrus rust mite eggs; 14.2 ± 1.4 and 15.0 ± 2.0 citrus rust mite nymphs, and 3.0 ± 0.4 and 5.6 ± 0.9 citrus rust mite adults/10 min., respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the consumption rates of either predator on any rust mite life stage. These data indicate that Feltiella n. sp. and t...
Collaborative Design Procedure for Supply Chain Process Integration Using UML

The auto industry has embraced B2B e-commerce as a way of assembling their suppliers at one place so as to purchase parts and process equipment over the Internet. Suppliers who want to be successful in this environment will need to use Internet capabilities not only to quote projects but also to collaborate with other suppliers to execute the design and build activities at the quoted price, delivery and functionality requirements at an appropriate quality level. This will require interaction between product, process and tool engineers. Collaboration and interactions do not happen by accident. They require a common vocabulary and language along with explicit planning and management framework. The Unified Modelling Language (UML), is on its way to being adopted by the computer industry as the standard modelling language. This paper suggests that this object modelling language can be one component of this communication framework. In order to successfully use the Internet to accomplish these tasks, a framework/ procedure is needed to capture needed interaction and assignment of responsibilities that become the basis of the bid. These agreements can also be used to manage the interactions needed during design, construction and tryout stages. The proposed procedure utilizes a fundamental objectives tree to define the voice of the customer, the IDEFO model language to define the life cycle of the design and construction activities and the UML to document and guide the needed interactions and communication. The process can also be used to manage the program in order to achieve the performance objectives. This paper describes the procedure and provides a case study for the design of a press material handling system. The equipment manufacturer relies on the die process and design functions as well as press manufacturer to interact at appropriate time to ensure successful operation of equipment.
Cutting Edge Issues in Family and Matrimonial Law: An Annotated Bibliography

This bibliography covers law review articles published, for the most part, after 2007. Articles for which the title is self-explanatory or that concern only a single case, state, or statute are cited, but not annotated. Property-related issues will appear in the fall 2011 bibliography.
Nutrition Management of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders

In both long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LCFAOD) and medium-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (MCAD), emergency management of acute illness and the avoidance of prolonged fasting are key treatment strategies. Chronic nutrition management of LCFAOD depends on the degree of disease severity, with the most severe forms requiring of total energy from long-chain fat. Exercise tolerance may be improved in LCFAOD by MCT and carbohydrate supplementation. Diets restricted in fat in LCFAOD require monitoring, especially of essential fatty acids and plasma acylcarnitine profiles. MCT should be avoided in MCAD; however, the restriction of other fats is not indicated, and a normal, healthy diet is recommended.
Human rights or religious rules?, Johannes A. van der Ven : book review

The author is chair of Comparative Empirical Theology at Radbout University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. This book is the first of a series to be published by Brill on "Empirical Research in Religion and Human Rights." Van der Ven's conceptual framework contrasts lives and societies governed according to a 'human rights culture' that stresses 'direct, active, subjective rights that are rooted in the dignity of the human person' with those that have a predominantly 'religious rules' culture that stresses 'justice, solidarity and love.' He readily acknowledges that these two sets of categories are porous and can overlap, and he seeks to clarify their differences, similarities, tensions and compatibilities by means of 'historical, empirical and theoretical research,' wherein the empirical side is largely the use of survey research to elucidate people's attitudes, views and actions with respect to human rights.
Linear Model Building

This note provides guidelines for the effective construction and application of linear models. We begin with a discussion and categorization of the various uses for a linear model. Whether a given model is appropriate for a particular use depends on the way the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Next, we describe the kinds of possible relationships between Y and X variables, and then we emphasize the kind of relationship between Y and X necessary for each potential application of a linear model. Excerpt UVA-QA-0293 LINEAR MODEL-BUILDING Linear (regression) models are used in a variety of business situations for a variety of purposes. One reason for their popularity is that they can be easily understood and implemented. All that is needed is data on two or more variables and a computer or calculator. With a minimal amount of effort, a manager obtains (1) an equation for the relationship between the dependent variable (Y) and one or more independent variables (the Xs), (2) a forecast of Y for any given set of X-values, and (3) a host of statistics to complement the analysis. Because so much is obtained so easily, the potential for misuse is great if the model builder is not careful about how the model is built and applied. This note provides guidelines for the effective construction and application of linear models. We begin with a discussion and categorization of the various uses for a linear model. Whether a given model is appropriate for a particular use depends on the way the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Next, we describe the kinds of possible relationships between Y and X variables, and then we emphasize the kind of relationship between Y and X necessary for each potential application of a linear model. Even when a manager understands what kind of relationship is necessary for the particular way the model will be used, there still remains the question of how best to combine this manager's knowledge of the situation with available data to build an effective model. In the fourth section, we propose a procedure for building a linear model when there is only limited prior knowledge about the underlying relationships among the variables. The procedure suggested attempts to maximize the use of the managers' prior knowledge and judgments, yet allows for the constructive and intelligent use of the available data. The objective is to guard against overreacting to peculiarities of the data and to build a sound and effective model that is consistent with both the modeler's prior knowledge and the information found in the data. In contrast to this advice on how to go about building a good model, we present a list of things not to do, explaining some common mistakes associated with the building and using of linear models. Uses of the Linear Model . . .
Regionally Specific Cortical Thinning Predicts Conversion to Dementia in Prodromal Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) (P05.103)

OBJECTIVE: We set out to investigate the clinical aspects and structural MRI characteristics of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Our specific aims were to 1) characterize the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with FTD clinical phenotypes who do not meet criteria for dementia 2) determine if focal cortical atrophy can be detected before the diagnosis of dementia and 3) define predictors of progression to dementia. BACKGROUND: Although many investigators believe that most neurodegenerative dementias have an initial symptomatic phase consistent with MCI, there has been relatively little study of non-Alzheimer forms of MCI. This prodromal stage could be an important window for therapeutic intervention. DESIGN/METHODS: A consecutive series of patients with a clinical diagnosis of FTD was evaluated comprehensively, including functional assessment to determine whether the overall clinical status was best defined as MCI or dementia. MRI-derived cortical thickness analysis was employed to measure regional atrophy. Regions of interest were defined from our FTD-Signature of cortical atrophy, as identified in an independent sample of patients with frontotemporal dementia. RESULTS: 34 patients were identified as having a clinical status of MCI, brain MRI available for cortical thickness analysis, and at least 1 follow up assessment. The majority (28) had one of the aphasic phenotypes as opposed to behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD). Of the 34 MCI patients, 17 have since converted to dementia. Baseline cortical thickness of the FTD-Sig demonstrated greater atrophy in the converters compared to non-converters (p CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, it is relatively common for aphasic FTD but not bvFTD to present in a prodromal clinical phase consistent with MCI. The FTD-Signature comprises a set of cortical regions which exhibit significant atrophy in the prodromal stages of frontotemporal dementia. Additional analyses are underway to identify the best clinical predictors of conversion to dementia. Supported by: NIA R01-AG029411, NIA P50-AG005134, NINDS R21-NS077059, Alzheimer9s Association. Disclosure: Dr. Domoto-Reilly has received research support from TauRX. Dr. Sapolsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Negreira has nothing to disclose. Dr. McGinnis has received research support from TauRX. Dr. Brickhouse has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickerson has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc and En Vivo as a consultant.
Simple Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach for Synthesis of PA11, 12, and 13 Precursors from Oleic Acid

Due to the concerns over limited fossil resources and increasing CO2 emissions, there is a strong interest in use of renewable resources in production of valuable synthetic materials. PA11, 12, and 13, more commonly known as Nylon, are high-strength polymers that find use in various industrial sectors. They are traditionally produced from petroleum-derived material or exotic fatty acids using reaction sequences that involve 4–6 steps. Herein we report a simple three-step synthesis of these polyamide precursors from oleic acid, an abundant natural fatty acid available from common plant sources as well as oleaginous micro-organisms such as microalgae. This approach represents the first example where ring-closing metathesis was used for the key C–C bond forming step, featuring introduction of amine functionality required in the final product. Our versatile approach allows preparation of nylon precursors of various chain-lengths from a single starting material for economical and sustainable production of thes...
p53-mediated transcription induces resistance of DNA to UV inactivation

A possible role of p53-dependent transcription in the induction of DNA repair was explored by transfecting a UV-irradiated chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter plasmid (pRGC.FOS.CAT), containing a minimal FOS promoter driven by a consensus p53 binding site, into a p53 negative-mouse cell line [(10)1]. When a p53-expressing plasmid (pSV.p53) was cotransfected into these cells, CAT expression levels persisted even after prolonged UV irradiation. In comparison, CAT expression from pSV2.CAT, which lacks a p53-responsive element in its SV40 promoter, dropped off much more precipitously after UV irradiation in the absence or presence of WT p53 expression. A similar sharp drop was observed with three other constructs when the reporter gene was under the control of the ras, beta-actin or fos promoter. Mouse cells (A1-5) that constitutively express a temperature-sensitive mutant (135 AV) of mouse p53 also generated, at 32 degrees C, higher levels of enzyme expressed from UV-irradiated pRGC.FOS.CAT than from UV-irradiated pSV2.CAT. The frequency of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in UV-irradiated pRGC.FOS.CAT was determined with T4 endo V, and the probability of having an undamaged CAT coding strand was calculated by the Poisson distribution for various times of UV-irradiation. The observed relative CAT expression levels from irradiated pSV2.CAT and pRGC.FOS.CAT in the absence of p53 were consistent with those numbers. These results show that WT p53-mediated transcription directs a resistance of the transcribed DNA to UV inactivation and reactivates the reporter gene. Furthermore, some single point substitution mutants of p53 that maintain a near normal ability to activate transcription had lost their ability to extend CAT gene expression after UV irradiation. Conversely, other mutants with reduced transcriptional activity retained this ability. This indicates that although resistance to UV inactivation is transcriptionally-dependent, these two activities are genetically distinct. These data, taken together, suggest that the transcription of UV-damaged DNA by a p53-dependent process promotes its repair.
Source of Material in the Tobacco Budworm Which Initiates Host-searching by the Egg-Larval Parasitoid, Chelonus texanus,

Host-searching by the egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus texanus Cresson, revealed that size and shape were not important. A chemical(s) associated with the host egg was found to elicit host-area searching exhibited by antennal palpation of the area around the egg and hostlocation exhibited by ovipositor thrusting and probing. The active material (s) was present on and around host eggs after oviposition and in ovariole tissue. The active material is water soluble, heat stable and not extractable in organic solvents.
Counterpoint: Hyperthermia with Radiation Therapy for Chest Wall Recurrences

The 2007 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Breast Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology include a consideration for hyperthermia (HT) and radiation for women with recurrent locoregional advanced breast cancers after first-line surgery or radiation failed. Although HT in this setting has been used for several decades, recent reports are few. This article reviews the data from several recent studies, selected because they included at least 100 patients. Unresolved issues of radiation dose, optimal temperature and timing of HT, and quality assurance problems with thermometry are apparent from these studies. Although clearly an effective treatment option in this clinical scenario, more research on HT and radiation is needed before this treatment combination can be considered standard care.
Text Emendations in Ethiopic Manuscript NLM 27 (National Archives and Library Agency, Addis Abeba)

The paper investigates the phenomenon of textual corrections in Ethiopic manuscripts at the example of some cases documented in the collection of the National Archives and Library Agency, Addis Abeba. The case-study of the MS NLM 27 (Pauline Epistles) is presented more in detail.
Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, Peacebuilding: An Interreligious Spirituality for Just Peace

This chapter presents a critical overview of the scholarship in the intersecting fields of religious violence and religious peacebuilding, and presents a discussion of the role of religion in peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. Furthering “interreligious respect” and developing “peaceful relationships,” the chapter argues, requires an understanding of the teachings and resources—theological underpinning—of major religions for just peacebuilding. To advance this critical understanding, this chapter attempts to expound the teachings of various religions on peace and just peacebuilding and to elaborate an interreligious spirituality, that is, a way of living that promotes peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding on the basis of these teachings. Lastly, it outlines an interreligious spirituality that is conducive to and ensures the success of peacebuilding activities.