cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INHIBITION OF LISTERIA INNOCUA AND L. MONOCYTOGENES IN A LABORATORY MEDIUM AND COLD-SMOKED SALMON CONTAINING LIQUID SMOKE

Five commercial liquid smokes were tested in vitro and the most inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. innocua ATCC 33090 was Charsol Supreme. Chum salmon samples (100-g each) were brined, dipped for 15 s at varying concentrations of liquid smoke, inoculated with L. innocua, cold-processed and analyzed. Liquid smoke concentrations of 60-100% reduced L. innocua by 3-log10/g in the final product. Dwell times of 15 s to 5 min using 60% liquid smoke gradually decreased Listeria survival with an optimum 5-min dip. Isoeugenol was antilisterial in vitro but lacked synergism with liquid smoke in cold-smoked salmon. An immunoassay kit detected low inoculum levels (< 100 CFU/g) of L. innocua in one of three samples that were treated with liquid smoke for two and four minutes. Charsol Supreme was antilisterial but could not be relied on to totally eliminate Listeria in cold-smoked salmon. Panelists found the 0 to 2-min dipped sockeye salmon slightly desirable with no significant (p < 0.05) differences. The 5-min treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) darker, scored lower in desirability and flavor and contained 93 ppm of phenolic compounds.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A PROTOTYPE IN-SITU LEACH CELL IN UNSATURATED LEAD-ZINC MINE AND MILL WASTES

An abandoned waste impoundment located within a portion of the Bunker Hill Superfund Site constitutes a field research area for studying the feasibility of recovering heavy metals in-situ from unsaturated mine and mill wastes. A prototype in-situ leaching cell has been evaluated using liquid-phase tracer tests and other hydrogeologic tests prior to introducing a lixiviant. The results of the tests suggest that: 1) the cell can be operated excursion-free with a low-density lixiviant at an injection/withdrawal rate of approximately 0.32 Vs; and (2) each hydrogeologic unit is highly heterogeneous at the different scales studied.
Cytokine Gene Expression in Response to SnSAG1 in Horses with Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurologic syndrome seen in horses from the Americas and is mainly caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Recently, a 29-kDa surface antigen from S. neurona merozoites was identified as being highly immunodominant on a Western blot. This antigen has been sequenced and cloned, and the expressed protein has been named SnSAG1. In a previous study, cell-mediated immune responses to SnSAG1 were shown to be statistically significantly reduced in horses with EPM in comparison to EPM-negative control horses. It therefore appears as though the parasite is able to induce immunosuppression towards parasite-derived antigens as parasite-specific responses are decreased. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 21 EPM (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Western blot)-negative horses with no clinical signs and 21 horses with clinical signs of EPM (CSF Western blot positive) were cocultured with SnSAG1 for 48 and 72 h, and the effect on cytokine production was investigated by means of reverse transcriptase PCR. Cytokines assayed include gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-6. β-Actin was used as the housekeeping gene. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test of the findings indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease in IFN-γ production after 48 h in culture for samples from horses with clinical disease. There was also a statistically significant increase in IL-4 production after 72 h in culture for samples from horses with EPM. These results further support the notion that this parasite is able to subvert the immune system in horses with clinical disease.
Density matrix for photons in a cavity

The transient behavior of the density operator for radiation in a single-mode cavity at a finite temperature is considered. Any initial state will evolve toward thermal equilibrium because of the interaction with the mirrors. This steady state is determined uniquely by the temperature, but the transient state depends on the initial conditions. The equation of motion for the matrix elements of the density operator is solved analytically, given an arbitrary initial state. The factorial moments, the generating function, and the time-dependent spectral distribution are also obtained. The results yield known expressions in the appropriate limits.
A Preliminary Examination of Participant Characteristics in Relation to Patients' Treatment Beliefs in Psychotherapy in a Training Clinic

Patients’ psychotherapy outcome expectations and credibility beliefs are associated with adaptive treatment processes and outcomes. However, little is known about correlates of such beliefs. We explored how participant characteristics relate to patients’ baseline and early treatment beliefs. Data for this preliminary correlational study derived from 65 adult outpatients in psychotherapy-as-usual. Self-report measures assessed patient (demographics, general and mental health history, global and specific symptom severity, and diagnostic comorbidity), therapist (demographics and theoretical orientation), and dyad (demographic match) characteristics, and patients’ baseline treatment outcome expectations and their post-Session 1 outcome expectations and credibility beliefs. Bivariate correlations indicated that patients’ manic symptoms were positively associated with baseline expectations ( .292, p .002), while substance abuse symptoms ( .209, p .038) and Axis II comorbidity (r .257, p .045) were negatively associated with such expectations. Patients’ psychotic symptoms were positively associated with post-Session 1 expectations ( .221, p .035) and global functioning was positively associated with post-Session 1 credibility beliefs (r .343, p .016). Multivariate regression indicated a positive and negative association, respectively, between manic symptoms and baseline expectations ( .28, p .027) and substance abuse symptoms and baseline expectations ( .33, p .032) when accounting for patient global symptom severity and Axis II comorbidity. Results highlight several associations between participant characteristics and patients’ presenting and early treatment beliefs, suggesting the importance of attending to such characteristics in case formulation, treatment planning, and treatment implementation.
Tick-borne Langat/mosquito-borne dengue flavivirus chimera, a candidate live attenuated vaccine for protection against disease caused by members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex: evaluation in rhesus monkeys and in mosquitoes.

Langat virus (LGT), strain TP21, a naturally avirulent tick-borne flavivirus, was used to construct a chimeric candidate virus vaccine which contained LGT genes for premembrane (preM) and envelope (E) glycoprotein and all other sequences derived from dengue type 4 virus (DEN4). The live virus vaccine was developed to provide resistance to the highly virulent, closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that share protective E epitopes among themselves and with LGT. Toward that end the chimera, initially recovered in mosquito cells, was adapted to grow to high titer in qualified simian Vero cells. When inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.), the Vero cell-adapted LGT TP21/DEN4 chimera remained completely attenuated for SCID mice. Significantly, the chimera protected immunocompetent mice against the most virulent tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Subsequently, rhesus monkeys were immunized in groups of 4 with 10(5) or 10(7) PFU of LGT strain TP21, with 10(5) PFU of DEN4, or with 10(3), 10(5), or 10(7) PFU of the chimera. Each of the monkeys inoculated with DEN4 or LGT TP21 became viremic, and the duration of viremia ranged from 1 to 5 days. In contrast, viremia was detected in only 1 of 12 monkeys inoculated with the LGT TP21/DEN4 chimera; in this instance the level of viremia was at the limit of detection. All monkeys immunized with the chimera or LGT TP21 virus developed a moderate to high level of neutralizing antibodies against LGT TP21 as well as TBEV and were completely protected against subsequent LGT TP21 challenge, whereas monkeys previously immunized with DEN4 virus became viremic when challenged with LGT TP21. These observations suggest that the chimera is attenuated, immunogenic, and able to induce a protective immune response. Furthermore, passive transfer of serum from monkeys immunized with chimera conferred significant protection to mice subsequently challenged with 100 i.p. 50% lethal doses of the highly virulent TBEV. The issue of transmissibility of the chimera by mosquitoes was addressed by inoculating a nonhematophagous mosquito, Toxorhynchites splendens, intrathoracically with the chimera or its DEN4 or LGT parent. Neither the LGT TP21/DEN4 vaccine candidate nor the wild-type LGT TP21 virus was able to infect this mosquito species, which is highly permissive for dengue viruses. Certain properties of the chimera, notably its attenuation for monkeys, its immunogenicity, and its failure to infect a highly permissive mosquito host, make it a promising vaccine candidate for use in immunization against severe disease caused by many tick-borne flaviviruses.
Reactions to Media Violence: It's in the Brain of the Beholder

Media portraying violence is part of daily exposures. The extent to which violent media exposure impacts brain and behavior has been debated. Yet there is not enough experimental data to inform this debate. We hypothesize that reaction to violent media is critically dependent on personality/trait differences between viewers, where those with the propensity for physical assault will respond to the media differently than controls. The source of the variability, we further hypothesize, is reflected in autonomic response and brain functioning that differentiate those with aggression tendencies from others. To test this hypothesis we pre-selected a group of aggressive individuals and non-aggressive controls from the normal healthy population; we documented brain, blood-pressure, and behavioral responses during resting baseline and while the groups were watching media violence and emotional media that did not portray violence. Positron Emission Tomography was used with [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) to image brain metabolic activity, a marker of brain function, during rest and during film viewing while blood-pressure and mood ratings were intermittently collected. Results pointed to robust resting baseline differences between groups. Aggressive individuals had lower relative glucose metabolism in the medial orbitofrontal cortex correlating with poor self-control and greater glucose metabolism in other regions of the default-mode network (DMN) where precuneus correlated with negative emotionality. These brain results were similar while watching the violent media, during which aggressive viewers reported being more Inspired and Determined and less Upset and Nervous, and also showed a progressive decline in systolic blood-pressure compared to controls. Furthermore, the blood-pressure and brain activation in orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus were differentially coupled between the groups. These results demonstrate that individual differences in trait aggression strongly couple with brain, behavioral, and autonomic reactivity to media violence which should factor into debates about the impact of media violence on the public.
Nucleation under Soft Confinement: Role of Polymer–Solute Interactions

Nucleation of a crystalline phase almost always occurs at interfaces. However, the lack of fundamental understanding of the impact of interfacial properties on nucleation hinders the design of nucleation active materials for regulating crystallization in practice. In particular, the role of intermolecular interactions is often neglected in nucleation under confinement such as those provided by nano- and microporous materials. Herein, we report the use of a novel material, polymer microgels with tunable microstructure and chemistry, for understanding the role of intermolecular interactions in nucleation under confinement and for controlling crystallization from solution in general. We demonstrate that by tuning the polymer–solute interactions, solute nucleation kinetics were promoted by up to 4 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the effect of polymer–solute interactions was manifested by the split of nucleation time scales due to the presence of nucleation sites of distinct chemical compositions in the microge...
Characterization of Synthetic‐Coal Char Particles using fractal dimension analysis

The development and change of surface ruggedness in chars was studied at conditions typical in a pulverized coal furnace. The fractal dimension, a measure of surface ruggedness, of chars was measured using physisorption techniques. By adjusting the temperature encountered (1173 to 1773 K) and residence time (0.1 to 1.5 s) of the synthetic coal (sized to 46–106 μm diameter), chars at different stages of combustion were prepared in a laminar flow (drop-tube) furnace. The particles were quickly cooled and quenched in an inert atmosphere. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microprobe, and their fractal dimensions were determined using gas physisorption. The adsorption data were used to test if the char surface was fractal on a molecular scale, to determine the fractal dimension, and to quantify changes in the fractal dimension during combustion. The fractal dimension of the unburned synthetic coal was approximately 2. The fractal dimension increased as high as 2.85 as the carbon matrix burned away and exposed mineral moieties. However, as combustion continued the carbon burned completely away leaving a mineral fly ash particle with a fractal dimension as low as 2.47.
Effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation and epigenetic gene regulation

Arsenic is a nonmutagenic human carcinogen that induces tumors through unknown mechanisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that its carcinogenicity results from epigenetic changes, particularly in DNA methylation. Changes in gene methylation status, mediated by arsenic, have been proposed activate oncogene expression or silence tumor suppressor genes, leading to long-term changes in activity of genes controlling cell transformation. Mostly descriptive, and often contradictory, studies have demonstrated that arsenic exposure is associated with both hypo- and hyper-methylation at various genetic loci in vivo or in vitro. This ambiguity has made it difficult to assess whether the changes induced by arsenic are causally involved in the transformation process or are simply a reflection of the altered physiology of rapidly dividing cancer cells. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting changes in DNA methylation as a cause of arsenic carcinogenesis and highlight the strengths and limitations of these studies, as well areas where consistencies and inconsistencies exist.
Quasi‐tem analysis of a monolithic microwave GaAs phase shifter

A simple analytical model is developed for a slow-wave monolithic microwave variable phase shifter. Propagation characteristics of the phase shifter were evaluated using this model and were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results of Neidert and Krowne. The model permits changing various parameters to optimize phase-shifter performance with relative ease.
Deployment and recovery of a full-ocean depth mooring at Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench

We present the details of a unique deep-ocean instrument package and mooring that was deployed at Challenger Deep (10,984 m) in the Marianas Trench. The mooring is 45 m in length and consists of a hydrophone, RBR™ pressure and temperature loggers, nine Vitrovex® glass spheres and a mast with a satellite beacon for recovery. The mooring was deployed in January and recovered in March 2015 using the USCG Cutter Sequoia. The pressure logger recorded a maximum pressure of 10,956.8 decibars, for a depth of 10,646.1 m. To our knowledge, this is only the fourth in situ measurement of depth ever made at Challenger Deep. The hydrophone recorded for ∼1 hour and stopped shortly after descending to a depth of 1,785 m (temperature of 2.4°C). The record at this depth is dominated by the sound of the Sequoia's engines and propellers.
Application Research on Drag Reduced Conductors for Electric Power Transmission Lines in Strong Wind Areas

The breeze vibration duration of conductors is long, the vibration amplitude is strong and the frequency range is wide for electric power transmission lines in strong wind areas, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. There are two design schemes of conductors which can achieve the purpose of reducing wind-induced disaster. One is enhancing the structural strength of conductors to withstand wind load, but the investment is enormous and the effect is limited. The other is developing drag reduced conductors to reduce wind load by changing conductor structure. This paper started from application feasibility analysis of drag reduced conductors and designed four drag reduced conductors by structure optimization of the conventional aluminium conductor steel reinforced JL/G1A-630/45-45/7, denoted as DFY630/45(45°)-R3.5, DFY630/45(60°)-R3.5, DFY630/45(45°)–R3.2 and DFY630/45(60°)-R3.2, respectively. The wind tunnel test was performed and the wind resistance coefficients in unit length of five conductors were compared. Result showed that the wind resistance coefficients in unit length of four drag reduced conductors were obviously lower than that of the conventional conductor. By controlling the manufacturing process, popularization and application of drag reduced conductors for transmission lines in strong wind areas can be realized.
An Integer Programming Handicap System in a “Write Ring Tossing Game”

(1975). An Integer Programming Handicap System in a “Write Ring Tossing Game”. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 134-142.
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide as a Screening Tool for Computed Tomography Angiogram in Postoperative Orthopaedic Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract Background Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTA) is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) but involves radiation and iodinated contrast exposure. Of orthopedic patients evaluated for PE, a minority have a positive CTA study. Herein, we evaluate end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) as a method to identify patients at low risk for PE and may not require a CTA. We hypothesize that ETCO 2 will be useful for predicting the absence of PE in postoperative orthopedic patients. Methods In this prospective study, all patients older than 18 years who were admitted for orthopedic surgery and who had a CTA performed for PE were eligible. These patients underwent an ETCO 2 measurement. Patients were determined to have PE if they had a positive PE-protocol CT. Results Between May 2014 and April 2015, 121 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Of these patients, 84 had a negative CTA examination, 25 had a positive examination, and 12 had a nondiagnostic examination. We found a statistically significant difference ( P = .03) when comparing the average ETCO 2 values for the positive and negative CTA groups. An ETCO 2 cutoff value of 43 mm Hg was 100% sensitive with a negative predictive value of 100% for absence of PE on CTA. Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant difference in ETCO 2 measurements between postoperative orthopedic patients with and without CTA-detected PE. A cutoff value of >43 mm Hg may be useful in excluding patients from undergoing CTA.
Hormesis of human REV3L gene induced by low dose of UV detected by taqman-MGB probe

The hormesis of the REV3L gene of human MRC-5 cells was induced by low doses of UV. The MTT method was used to detect the inhibition ratio of MRC-5 to obtain the dose response to UV. MRC-5 cells were treated with low doses (10 s、20 s) and high doses (30 s、60 s、300 s) of UV and their response was measured by real time PCR using a Taqman-MGB probe. Results showed that the expression level of REV3L gene elevated following treatment by a low dose (20 s) of UV. It indicates that low doses of UV radiation cause MRC-5 cells to generate the REV3L hormesis.
Cooperative Learning for Robust Connectivity in Multirobot Heterogeneous Networks

By taking advantage of complementary communication technologies, distinct sensing functionalities, and different motion dynamics of a heterogeneous multirobotic system, one can accomplish effectively a mission objective. Furthermore, an adequate coordination of the robotic agents is an important factor to fully exploit the unique capabilities that these systems can offer. In this chapter we focus on a multirobotic network made by aerial relays and ground sensors that is deployed to sense areas of interest in an environment populated with obstacles. We use potential field methods to guide the ground mobile sensors to target regions. On the other hand, antenna diversity and reinforcement learning are combined to control the flying relays such that they increase the received signal strength among them and the mobile sensors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our control strategy through simulation tests contrasting independent and cooperative learning.
Powdered G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Preparation and storage of functional membrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial to the processes of drug delivery and discovery. Here, we describe a method of preparing powdered GPCRs using rhodopsin as the prototype. We purified rhodopsin in CHAPS detergent with low detergent to protein ratio so the bulk of the sample represented protein (ca. 72% w/w). Our new method for generating powders of membrane proteins followed by rehydration paves the way for conducting functional and biophysical experiments. As an illustrative application, powdered rhodopsin was prepared with and without the cofactor 11-cis-retinal to enable partial rehydration of the protein with D2O in a controlled manner. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering studies using both spatial motion and energy landscape models form the basis for crucial insights into structural fluctuations and thermodynamics of GPCR activation.
A Laser-Based Resonant Scattering System for Size Measurement of Individual Droplets and Microspheres

Recent experimental and calculational studies [1, 2] have shown the presence of very sharp resonances in the light scattering cross-section of microscopic dielectric spheres as the ratio of sphere diameter to laser wavelength is varied. The present paper describes an experimental system, designed at the U. S. National Bureau of Standards, which uses these resonances for high resolution dimensional measurement of microscopic particles and in the study of size dependent physical behavior. Using this system, results for two quantities, namely the polarization ratio and the radiation pressure, were obtained and used to resolve changes in diameter as small as 1 part in 104 of individual optically levitated liquid droplets approximately 10 micrometers in diameter. The technique has potential for precisions in dimensional measurement at least two orders of magnitude better than those attainable with non-resonance techniques.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulatory Interactions Quantified by TIRF-FRET

Focal adhesion kinase related non-kinase (FRNK) is an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent cell growth, survival, and migration pathways. In vascular smooth muscle cells, both FAK and FRNK are upregulated after vascular injury, suggesting balanced stimulation and inhibition of growth during recovery. Here we propose a novel mechanism by which FRNK can inhibit FAK: direct binding of FRNK to FAK forming an inhibitory complex within focal adhesions. This hypothesis is supported by co-immunoprecipitation of FAK and FRNK. In addition, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF)-mode fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements suggest that FRNK binds directly to FAK within focal adhesions of live vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that this interaction might be regulated by serine phosphorylation of FRNK S217, a site we found to be basally highly phosphorylated at S217 by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK). To determine the significance of S217 phosphorylation, we generated a non-phosphorylatable mutant FRNK by mutating S217 to alanine. S217A-FRNK exhibited significantly higher amounts of FRET compared to wild type FRNK, suggesting increased interaction with FAK. Progressive acceptor photobleaching analysis revealed that the FRNK-FAK complex consisted of FRNK and multiple FAK proteins in a high order hetero-oligomer. To determine the functional role of the proposed regulatory site we performed an apoptosis assay using flow cytometry. S217A FRNK was a much more potent inducer of apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells compared to wild type FRNK. Additionally, we determined that S217A FRNK was a more potent inhibitor of FAK signaling by examining FAK Y397 phosphorylation. We conclude that dephosphorylation of FRNK at S217 during response to injury results in increased FRNK-FAK complex formation, thereby inhibiting FAK signaling.
Geotechnical Properties and Processes of Marine Sedimentation

Marine sediments differ from terrestrial sediments in a number of ways and hence it becomes important to analyze their geotechnical properties and processes in a detailed manner. A brief summary of the nature of marine sedimentary environment, types and distribution of marine sediments, consolidation behavior, static shear strength and response under dynamic loading is presented in this paper. A knowledge of these aspects would greatly help the civil engineer/geologist to better understand the sedimentological and environmental conditions under which submarine slopes experience phenomena like long-term downslope displacements, slumps. slides, and other mass wasting processes.
A Genoproteomic Approach to Detect Peptide Markers of Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens

BACKGROUND: Rapid identification of respiratory pathogens may facilitate targeted antimicrobial therapy. Direct identification of bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is confounded by interfering substances. We describe a method to identify unique peptide markers of 5 gram-negative bacteria by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for direct pathogen identification in BAL. METHODS: In silico translation and digestion were performed on 14–25 whole genomes representing strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Peptides constituting theoretical core peptidomes in each were identified. Rapid tryptic digestion was performed; peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and compared with the theoretical core peptidomes. High-confidence core peptides (false discovery rate RESULTS: Five unique peptides with the highest abundance for each pathogen distinguished these pathogens with varied detection sensitivities. Peptide markers for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, when spiked simultaneously into inflamed BAL, were detected with as few as 3.6 (0.2) × 103 and 2.2 (0.6) × 103 colony-forming units, respectively, by targeted LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study shows the feasibility of identifying unique peptides in BAL for 5 gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and it may provide a novel approach for rapid direct identification of bacterial pathogens in BAL.
Comparison of US metropolitan region pedestrian and bicyclist fatality rates.

Abstract Annual US pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities involving motor vehicles have each increased by 30% in just six years, reaching their highest levels in two decades. To provide information to reverse this trend, we quantified pedestrian and bicyclist fatality rates in 46 of the largest US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during two five-year time periods: 1999–2003 and 2007–2011. We divided the annual average number of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities during 1999–2003 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System by the annual estimates of pedestrian and bicycle trips, kilometers traveled, and minutes traveled from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and the annual average number of fatalities from 2007 to 2011 by similar estimates from the 2009 NHTS. The five most dangerous regions for walking during 2007–2011 averaged 262 pedestrian fatalities per billion trips while the five safest averaged 49 pedestrian fatalities per billion trips. The five most dangerous regions for bicycling averaged 458 bicyclist fatalities per billion trips while the five safest averaged 75 bicyclist fatalities per billion trips. Random-effects meta-analysis identified eight metropolitan regions as outliers with low pedestrian fatality rates, six with high pedestrian fatality rates, one with a low bicyclist fatality rate, and five with high bicyclist fatality rates. MSAs with low pedestrian and bicycle fatality rates tended to have central cities recognized as Walk Friendly Communities and Bicycle Friendly Communities for investing in pedestrian and bicycle projects and programs. Random-effects meta-regression showed that certain socioeconomic characteristics and high pedestrian and bicyclist mode shares were associated with lower MSA fatality rates. Results suggest that pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure and safety programs should be complemented with strategies to increase walking and bicycling. In particular, safety initiatives should be honed to reduce pedestrian and bicyclist fatality risk in immigrant communities and to make pedestrian travel safer for the growing senior-age population.
Aging resilient RO PUF with increased reliability in FPGA

Several design approaches have been proposed for IP protection, attestation, etc. of FPGA hardware designs and physical unclonable function (PUF) is one of the most popular amongst them. However, different transient variations like temperature, supply voltage and environmental noise make it challenging for a PUF to produce a reliable signature. Besides the above-mentioned issues that impact the transient reliability of PUFs, aging is another factor that produces irreversible impact on the reliability of PUFs. Though an aging resistant ring oscillator (RO) PUF has been proposed previously for ASIC design, implementing the same technique in FPGA is impossible as it involves redesigning the circuit at transistor level. In this paper, we propose an aging resilient RO PUF design on FPGA that exploits the SRAM cells and multiple paths available in FPGA look up tables (LUTs). The aging of our proposed RO PUF can be slowed down by putting the oscillation path into sleep mode. Experimental measurements from Spartan 3a FPGA boards demonstrate that our proposed RO PUF is less affected by aging, the reliability of which increases by 37.4% on an average. Moreover, by comparing our design with conventional RO PUF in FPGA, the aging degradation decreases by 37%.
The Effect of Rotator Cuff Repair on Natural History: A Systematic Review of Intermediate to Long-Term Outcomes.

Background Rotator cuff disease can have a progressive natural history of increasing tear size and worsening function. It remains unknown whether rotator cuff repair alters this natural history. Methods A systematic review of the intermediate to long-term (minimum 5-year) results of operative rotator cuff repair and no repair of rotator cuff injuries was performed to compare (1) patient-based outcomes, (2) future surgical intervention, (3) future tear progression or recurrence, and (4) tear size. The no-repair group included both conservative treatment and surgical treatment without repair. After the application of selection criteria, 29 studies with 1,583 patients remained. Meta-regression was conducted to adjust for baseline age, sex, tear size, and duration of follow-up. Results Comparison of the repair and no-repair groups revealed no significant differences in terms of age (p = 0.36), sex (p = 0.88), study level of evidence (p = 0.86), or Coleman methodology score (p = 0.8). The duration of follow-up was significantly longer for the no-repair group (p = 0.004), whereas baseline tear size was significantly larger in the repair group (p = 0.014). The percentage of patients requiring additional surgery was significantly higher in the no-repair group after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (9.5% higher in estimated means between groups [95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 17%]; p = 0.012). The likelihood of a recurrent defect (repair group) or extension of the prior tear (no-repair group) was not different between groups after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (p = 0.4). There were no differences between the repair and no-repair groups in terms of the Constant score after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (p = 0.31). The final tear size was significantly larger in the no-repair group than the repair group (967 mm2 higher in estimated means between groups [95% confidence interval, 771 to 1,164 mm2]; p < 0.001). Conclusions At intermediate to long-term follow-up, rotator cuff repair was associated with decreased final tear size and decreased need for future surgery after adjusting for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size. The likelihood of a recurrent defect after rotator cuff repair did not differ from that of tear extension after nonoperative treatment. Thus, rotator cuff repair may not alter natural history. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Two Inner Sequences Based Invariant Subspaces in \({{H}^{2} (\mathbb{D}^{2})}\)

Let M be a shift invariant subspace in the vector-valued Hardy space \({H_{E}^{2}(\mathbb{D})}\). The Beurling–Lax–Halmos theorem says that M can be completely characterized by \({\mathcal{B}(E)}\)-valued inner function \({\Theta}\). When \({E = H^{2}(\mathbb{D}),\,H_{E}^{2}(\mathbb{D})}\) is the Hardy space on the bidisk \({H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^2)}\). Recently, Qin and Yang (Proc Am Math Soc, 2013) determines the operator valued inner function \({\Theta(z)}\) for two well-known invariant subspaces in \({H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}\). This paper generalizes the \({\Theta(z)}\) by Qin and Yang (Proc Am Math Soc, 2013) and deal with the structure of \({M = {\Theta}(z)H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}\) when M is an invariant subspace in \({H^{2}(\mathbb{D}^{2})}\). Unitary equivalence, spectrum of the compression operator and core operator are studied in this paper.
Focus on diagnosis: congenital infections (TORCH).

1. Jeannine Del Pizzo, MD* 1. *Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. * CDC: : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CMV: : cytomegalovirus CNS: : central nervous system CSF: : cerebrospinal fluid HBsAg: : HBV surface antigen HBV: : hepatitis B virus HIV: : human immunodeficiency virus HSV: : herpes simplex virus IgG: : immunoglobulin G IgM: : immunoglobulin M IUGR: : intrauterine growth restriction PCR: : polymerase chain reaction VZV: : varicella-zoster virus TORCH is an acronym for a group of congenitally acquired infections that may cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. TORCH stands for the following: Toxoplasmosis Other: syphilis, hepatitis B, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitic virus Rubella Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Some experts consider the acronym TORCH outdated, largely due to the growing number of infections listed in the “other” category. However, use of the acronym may aid in remembering the causative organisms. While each of the congenital infections possesses distinct clinical manifestations and sequelae, some of these infections share characteristics. It is important to think of one or more of these infections when a neonate presents with microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, rash, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, elevated transaminase concentrations, and thrombocytopenia. However, many congenital infections may be silent at birth, with symptoms manifesting years later. Also, some agents, such as VZV, are associated with infection in utero as well as infection during or after delivery, with differing effects depending on the time of infection. This article includes discussion of true congenital infections that are present at the time of delivery as well as some transmitted during or after delivery. When a congenital infection is suspected, a thorough maternal history should be obtained, including immunization status, past and recent infections, and exposures. A careful physical examination of the neonate is vital because different clinical findings may indicate a specific diagnosis. Diagnostic testing should be directed only toward those infections that fit the clinical and historical picture. The sometimes employed TORCH titers should never be used as a single test to diagnose …
The Application of Visual Analytics to Financial Decision-Making and Risk Management: Notes from Behavioural Economics

Understanding how individuals and organizations make financial decisions under uncertainty and with different information settings is fundamental to informing the theory and practice of information management. Due to limitations on cognitive ability and problems of information overload, complex information sets may not be fully understood, resulting in suboptimal economic decision-making. We have applied visual analytics (VA), which enables users to interactively discover information from large information sets, to improve the financial decision-making process. Using an experimental methodology, we find evidence that VA reduces the cost of obtaining information, improves decisions, and increases confidence of users in a range of different financial decision tasks involving risk. This is a nascent area of research, and additional work is needed to develop and evaluate VA tools for financial decision-making and risk management. Best practices guidelines for presenting complex information sets may only develop through rigorous evaluation of the effect of information presentation on actual choice. In addition, the impact of VA in collaborative decision-making environments is not fully understood. The future of applied VA for financial decision-making and risk management must involve an interdisciplinary team of behavioural economists, VA researchers, computer scientists, and cognitive scientists.
Dead ends in and out of the archive: an ethnography of Dār al Wathā’iq al Qawmiyya, the Egyptian National Archive

ABSTRACTOnly apparently a house, a domicile, an address, the Archive has never been a neutral place. As social theorists have argued at length, not only do archives dutifully collect and safeguard ...
Thinking About a Past Group Inclusion Experience or a Past Group Exclusion Experience Affects Memory Task Performance.

An experiment examined the impact of thinking about autobiographical group-related events (i.e., a past group inclusion experience or a past group exclusion experience) on recognition memory. After...
The use of tMUC1 highly specific chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cells for the eradication of triple negative breast cancer

Antibody-derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells have great success in reduction of liquid form of tumor, but not solid tumor. Our novel antibody TAB 004 can specifically recognize the tumor form of MUC1 (tMUC1) while sparing the normal MUC1 in several subtypes of breast cancers including >95% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In vivo delivery of TAB 004 specifically accumulates in the xenograft TNBC tumor only. Therefore, we hypothesize that TNBC can be specifically targeted with TAB 004-derived tMUC1-specific CAR T cells. A panel of 45 human breast cancer cell lines were tested for tMUC1 level, and 11 out of 13 TNBC cell lines showed higher frequency of tMUC1 expression compared to that on normal cells. We engineered a 2 nd generation human CAR using TAB 004 that was coupled to the CD28-CD3zeta. CAR was well expressed on activated human primary CD8 and CD4 T cells. Compared to their mock control, CAR-T cells expressed higher CD25 and CD11c, particularly on CD8 T cells. Those CAR-T cells specifically recognized the tMUC1 antigen and formed tight synapse with tMUC1 high tumor cells in vitro. The susceptibility of TNBC cells to CAR-T cell cytolysis was dramatic while still corresponding to their tMUC1 level. Only the tMUC1-specific CAR-T cells expressed and released large amount of IFN-gamma after antigen recognition on TNBC cells. However, IFN-gamma was not directly involved in the tumor killing by CAR-T cells. The in vivo treatment of TNBC tumor by CAR-T cells is ongoing. Taken together, our TAB 004-originated CAR-T cells are very potent at killing TNBC tumor cells in a tMUC1-highly specific manner, which is very promising to provide a safe, effective and tumor antigen-specific immunotherapeutic intervention.
Engaging African American Elementary School Children in Code Understanding

This paper summarizes the results of a research project to broaden access to computing. The project is aimed at improving the attitudes and computational thinking skills for African American elementary school children in the 3rd to 5th grades and to understand their difficulties in reasoning about code. This was done within the context of a five-week summer camp. There were 40 children of whom about half were females. Along with instruction, we used a custom video game to teach code tracing. We used video game data and pre and posttests to assess students' performance. Qualitative and quantitative results from our mixed method design show cognitive and affective improvements as well as improvements in computational thinking skills. The data we collected also highlighted potential common mistakes that elementary school children might make as they attempt to reason about code. It shows the potential in games to motivate code understanding practice and improve learning. SIGCSE '19, February 27-March 2, 2019, Minneapolis, MN, USA © 2019 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5890-3/19/02. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3293715
SDC: a software defined cache for efficient data indexing

CPU cache has been used to bridge the processor-memory performance gap to enable high-performance computing. As the cache is of limited capacity, for its maximum efficacy it should (1) avoid caching data that are less likely to be accessed and (2) identify and cache data that would otherwise cost a program multiple memory accesses to reach. Unfortunately, existing cache architectures are inadequate on these two efforts. First, to cost-effectively exploit the spatial locality, they adopt a relatively large and fixed-size cache line as the caching unit. Thus, much of the space in a cache line can be wasted when the data locality is weak. Second, for easy use, the cache is designed to be transparent to programs, which hinders programs from fully exploiting its performance potentials. To address these problems, we propose a high-performance Software Defined Cache (SDC) architecture providing a simple and generic key-value abstraction that allows (1) caching data at a granularity smaller than a cache line, and (2) enabling programs to explicitly insert, retrieve, and invalidate data in the cache with new instructions. By providing a program with the ability of explicitly using the cache as a lookaside key-value buffer, SDC enables a much more efficient cache without disruptively changing the existing cache organization and without substantially increasing hardware cost. We have prototyped SDC on the gem5 simulator and evaluated it with various data index structures and workloads. Experiment results show that SDC can improve the cache performance for the workloads by up to 5.3× over current cache design.
Multimodality Thoracoabdominal Imaging Findings in a Rare Case of Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome.

Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is an extremely rare disorder, and it is defined as the presence of functional endometrial tissue in pleura, airways, and lung parenchyma. We describe a rare case of a 29-year-old nulliparous female who presented with abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and shortness of breath. She complained of worsening of symptoms around the menstrual cycle. Initial workup showed markedly elevated CA-125 levels. A chest radiograph and CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis demonstrated large tension hydrothorax, ascites, and bilateral ovarian cysts. A chest tube was placed to decompress the tension hydrothorax, which drained copious amounts of blood. In view of the unexplained etiology of large hemothorax and elevated CA-125 levels, an MRI of the abdomen and pelvis was performed. This revealed advanced pelvic endometriosis, a right pleural nodule, and ipsilateral hydropneumothorax. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of TES was presumed. The patient was then referred to video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and continuous estrogen suppression for optimal treatment. On early follow-up, she presented with recurrent hydropneumothorax, which was successfully managed with CT-guided chest tube placement and remained stable on further follow-ups. TES diagnosis is often challenging and delayed, demanding a high index of suspicion in patients with risk factors and characteristic clinical presentation. Radiologists should be aware of key imaging findings to help in early diagnosis for timely clinical and surgical management.
Recent Developments of Zn-based Medical Implants

After decades of developing strategies to employ biodegradable metals in medical devices, there is an increasing interest to use zinc (Zn) and Zn-based alloys as novel and promising alternatives to magnesium and iron. Over the last decade, extensive research has been done on Zn regarding its mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility. This chapter summarizes the recent progress in improving the properties of pure Zn as well as Zn alloys to make them appropriate for medical applications, especially for orthopedic implantation.
Chapter 36 – Computer-Based Instruction

Publisher Summary Little interaction between the areas of computer-based instruction (CBI) and human-computer interaction has occurred despite the common interests and the head start that the CBI work had on the field. This chapter tries to bridge this gap and point out how much of the research done in CBI has relevance to the general area of human-computer interaction. The focus is on looking at the methods used in CBI and the research issues that could be applied to other human-computer interaction tasks. One of the advantages of looking at CBI research and its implications for general human-computer interaction tasks is that extensive research records have been kept of important parameters of humans interacting with computers. This chapter begins by surveying the techniques that are used in computer-based instruction. These techniques demonstrate that computers can be used to assist instruction at different levels. Several kinds of computer-based instruction are considered: computer-managed instruction, computer assisted instruction, intelligent computer-assisted instruction, presentation software, multimedia, and distance learning. Finally, the chapter investigates some of the themes that have occurred in CBI research.