cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypertension in children and adolescents: An approach to management of complex hyper tension in pediatric patients

Although primary (essential) hypertension is detectable in childhood, secondary causes of hypertension must be considered in evaluating and managing hypertension in children and adolescents. Very young children and children with severe hypertension may have an underlying cause of the hypertension. Interventions to control elevated blood pressure (BP) are clinically important for all children with high BP. Nonpharmacologic approaches are recommended for all asymptomatic children with hypertension and prehypertension. Some children and adolescents will require pharmacologic therapy to control BP and to optimize organ protection. Recent advancements in pediatric clinical trials of antihypertensive agents have provided data on BP-lowering effects and safety in children. Little has been published on the choice and use of various classes of antihypertensive drugs for management of secondary hypertension in children and adolescents. This review focuses on the clinical management of specific types of secondary hypertension in pediatric patients.
Protection of kidneys by pepsin degraded immunoglobulin.

Abstract Dog kidneys perfused with allogeneic anti-kidney serum undergo changes of acute rejection when reimplanted as autografts. Perfusion of the kidney with the pepsin-degraded fragment of immunoglobulin G prior to perfusion with the immune serum prevents development of the acute rejection lesion. Implications are discussed.
Scheduling with product family set-up times: an application in TFT LCD manufacturing

The development of a scheduling methodology for module processing in thin film transistor liquid crystal display manufacturing is presented. The problem is a parallel machine-scheduling problem with family set-up times and due dates. Two objectives are considered: total tardiness and the number of family set-ups. Two heuristics are developed based on the MULTIFIT method and tabu search. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms give schedules that are very efficient in terms of both total tardiness and the number of family set-ups.
Partial characterization of the protein labeled in a cell-free system from Bacillus cereus 569.

Abstract A partial characterization was made of the protein formed in a cell-free amino acid incorporation system from Bacillus cereus 569/H which contained only endogenous messenger. More than 50 % of the labeled product is released from the ribosomal complex during synthesis. The molecular weights of the released and bound fractions were found to be approximately 5000 and 30 000, respectively. Analysis of the two fractions by carboxypeptidase digestion showed that approximately 96 % of the chains in each class contain only one labeled amino acid residue, that residue being the carboxyl terminal residue, whereas the remaining 4 % of the chains in each class contain an average of 20 (with a maximum of 40) labeled amino acid residues at the carboxyl end. Thus, it appears that the majority of nascent chains were either released prior to completion or, if not released, unable to continue sustained growth. Variations in the concentration of K + or Mg 2+ during cell-free synthesis did not affect the rate or extent of abortive release from the ribosomes. Calculations show that at least 75 % of the ribosomes isolated from the intact organism are engaged in amino acid incorporation in the absence of added mRNA.
Enamine-alkenephosphonate cycloadditions. Cyclobutenephosphonates.

Diathoxy-phosphinyl-athylen (I) reagiert mit dem Enamin (II) uber die Zwischenstufe (III) zum kondensierten Cyclobutylamin (IV), das mit NaH zum kondensieaten Cyclobuten (V) reagiert.
Careers in the Clergy: the Myth of Femininity

Forty-one undergraduate males were administered the standard Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) (Form T-399) just prior to entering a seminary sponsored by a major Protestant denomination. Earlier research had reported that the choice of a religious occupation was associated with feminine interest patterns and with personality characteristics as revealed by psychological measures. Results of the present study did not support previous findings. Although seminarians who scored high on the MF scale of the MMPI were similar to subjects in previous studies, those scoring low on the MF scale had measured interests different from those commonly attributed to this population. Implications for further research were made.
Enhancement of the Bias Component of Downbeat Nystagmus after Lesions of the Nodulus and Uvula

In two monkeys, we recorded spontaneous eye movements before and after ablation of the cerebellar nodulus and uvula (Nod/Uv). In both monkeys, there was an increase in upward ocular drift (downbeat nystagmus, DBN) in darkness (M1: 1.5 °/s pre, 3.4 °/s post; M2: 1.3 °/s pre, 7.0 °/s post), but not in light. There was little effect of orbital position on drift velocity. These findings suggest that the Nod/Uv may play a role in the bias component of DBN.
Redox changes in coenzyme Q in the millisecond time range: an approach using rapid quenching and high-performance liquid chromatography

We have combined a rapid-quenching protocol with HPLC analysis to measure the kinetics of reduction of coenzyme Q in a mitochondrial enzyme complex. The method has a time resolution of several milliseconds and will readily measure 1–20 nmol of the Q derivatives under investigation. By changing the HPLC solvent, either Q6 or Q10 can be studied.
Developments in the design and applications of novel thermal and photochemical initiators for cationic polymerization

Preparation et proprietes de photoamorceurs de polymerisation cationique (sels de triarylsulfonium, sels de diaryliodonium fixes sur des polystyrenes). Preparation de nouveaux monomeres difonctionnels (ethers vinyliques et propenyliques bifonctionnels). Application des photoamorceurs cationiques a la preparation de photoresists. Cas des polymerisations cationiques amorcees thermiquement par des sels d'iodonium et des complexes du cuivre II
Electrochemical studies and analysis of 1–10 wt% UCl3 concentrations in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic

Abstract Three electrochemical methods – cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) – were applied to solutions of up to 10 wt% UCl3 in the molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at 500 °C to determine electrochemical properties and behaviors and to help provide a scientific basis for the development of an in situ electrochemical probe for determining the concentration of uranium in a used nuclear fuel electrorefiner. Diffusion coefficients of UCl4 and UCl3 were calculated to be (6.72 ± 0.360) × 10−6 cm2/s and (1.04 ± 0.17) × 10−5 cm2/s, respectively. Apparent standard reduction potentials were determined to be (−0.381 ± 0.013) V and (−1.502 ± 0.076) V vs. 5 mol% Ag/AgCl or (−1.448 ± 0.013) V and (−2.568 ± 0.076) V vs. Cl2/Cl− for the U(IV)/U(III) and U(III)/U redox couples, respectively. In comparing this data with supercooled thermodynamic data to determine activity coefficients, the thermodynamic database used was important with resulting activity coefficients ranging from 2.34 × 10−3 to 1.08 × 10−2 for UCl4 and 4.94 × 10−5 to 4.50 × 10−4 for UCl3. Of anodic stripping voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry anodic or cathodic peaks, the CV cathodic peak height divided by square root of scan rate was shown to be the most reliable method of determining UCl3 concentration in the molten salt.
The structure of Nb5Ga3

Abstract The phase sequence on the Nb-rich phases of the Nb-Ga binary-phase system was examined. X-ray analyses were conducted on arc-melted, annealed and powdered specimens whose compositions ranged from 28 to 45 at.% Ga. Three intermediate phases, Nb 3 Ga, Nb 5 Ga 3 and Nb 5 Ga 4 , were observed. The presence of a phase corresponding to the formula Nb 3 Ga 2 was not detected. The presence of an hexagonal, oxygen-stabilized phase, Nb 5 Ga 3 O x , was also observed. Indications are that the Nb 5 Ga 3 single-phase region is very narrow.
Cholinesterases (ChEs) and the cholinergic system in ontogenesis and phylogenesis, and non-classical roles of cholinesterases - a review.

Abstract The enigma of the cholinergic function concerns the role of ChEs and other components of the cholinergic system in non-transmittive, non-synaptic phenomena. The notion that such unorthodox, non-classical phenomena must exist is clearly supported by several lines of evidence, such as the presence of ChEs and other cholinergic components early before neurogenesis, and indeed in unfertilized and fertilized eggs and in the sperm of many species, and their presence throughout phylogenesis, including non-motile, monocellular organisms, fungi and plants and many anervous and ephemeral tissues. The “flexibility” of ChEs, expressed in their polymorphism and their changeability during ontogenesis also speaks for the notion of non-classical functions of ChEs. Today, there is direct evidence that such functions do indeed exist, as for example, the evidence as to the role of ChEs and other cholinergic components in processes of cell proliferation and differentiation of synaptic and myoneural structures. Also, ChEs participate in cell communications as examplified by immunity processes, as well as pathological states, including Alzheimer's disease and states induced by “insults” such as stress and exposure to agents such as antiChEs. Finally, consistent with the non-classical roles of ChEs and cholinergic components are the morphogenetic and teratologic effects of antiChEs, including OP compounds and cholinergic agonists and antagonists. The structural homology between ChEs on the one hand, and adhesion molecules and protohormones on the other may explain some of this phenomenology. It is proposed that the phylogenetic ubiquity of ChEs and their basic capacities that are important for evolutionary phylogenesis, such as the capacity to promote cell adhesion and cell communication speaks for ChEs as “Ur” proteins.
Amphibolite to granulite transition in aluminous greywackes from the Sierra de Comechingones, Córdoba, Argentina

We discuss upper-amphibolite to granulite facies, early Palaeozoic metamorphism and partial melting of aluminous greywackes from the Sierra de Comechingones, SE Sierras Pampeanas of Central Argentina. Consistent P–T estimates, obtained from equilibria involving Al and Ti exchange components in biotite and from more traditional thermobarometric equilibria, suggest that peak metamorphism of the exposed section took place at an essentially constant pressure of 7–8 kbar, and at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950 °C. Mineral compositions record an initial decompression, after peak metamorphism, of c. 1.5 kbar, which was accompanied by a cooling of c. 100 °C. Upper-amphibolite facies gneisses consist of the assemblage Qtz+Pl+Bt+Grt+Rt/Ilm. The transition to the granulite facies is marked by the simultaneous appearance of the assemblage Kfs+Sil and of migmatitic structures, suggesting that the amphibolite to granulite transition in the Sierra de Comechingones corresponds to the beginning of melting. Rocks with structural and/or chemical manifestations of partial melting range from metatexites, to diatexites, to melt-depleted granulites, consisting of the assemblage Grt+Crd+Pl+Qtz+Ilm±Ath. The melting stage overlapped at least partially with decompression, as suggested by the occurrence of cordierite, in both the migmatites and the residual granulites, of two distinct textural types: idiomorphic porphyroblasts (probably representing peritectic cordierite) and garnet-rimming coronas. Metapelitic rocks are unknown in the Sierra de Comechingones. Therefore, it appears most likely that the Al-rich residual assemblages found in the migmatites and residual granulites were formed by partial melting of muscovite- and sillimanite-undersaturated metagreywackes. We propose a mechanism for this that relies on the sub-solidus stabilization of garnet and the ensuing changes in the octahedral Al content of biotite with pressure and temperature.
ADULT HEIGHT AND ITS PREDICTION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)

Earlier findings suggested that adult height (AH) of most pediatric patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) or transplantation (TP) is subnormal and that during treatment relative height is worthening (Proc.EDTA 18:329,1981). We have reexamined this problem with improved methodology in 41 pediatric pts followed longitudinally at different stages of CRF until AH (epiphyseal closure) was attained. In addition, AH was predicted by Tanner's method. At last observation 15 pts were treated by HD, 9 by TP and 17 conservatively (CT). AH was < 2 SD from normal mean in 1/13 male and 3/28 female pts when population specific standards were considered, but only 4 pts exceeded the mean. No significant differences were found between pts treated by HD, TP or CT nor between sexes. The mean age when AH was reached was 18.6 yrs in boys and 16.2 yrs in girls, i.e. close to normal means. An acceptable prediction of AH ± 2 cm was possible from the first available bone age in 60 % of all pts, with a mean prediction error of 2.7 cm. In conclusion, stunting is infrequent in pediatric pts with CRF who have reached AH. The method applied to predict AH allows a reliable prognosis of future growth in most children with CRF.
Changes in Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Selenium Supplementation among Individuals with Arsenic-induced Pre-malignant Skin Lesions

The molecular basis and downstream targets of oral selenium supplementation in individuals with elevated risk of cancer due to chronic exposure from environmental carcinogens has been largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated genome-wide differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with pre-malignant arsenic (As)-induced skin lesions before and after 6 months daily oral supplementation of 200 microg L-selenomethionine. The Affymetrix GeneChip Human 133A 2.0 array, containing probes for 22,277 gene transcripts, was used to assess gene expression. Three different normalization methods, RMA (robust multi-chip analysis), GC-RMA and PLIER (Probe logarithmic intensity error), were applied to explore differentially expressed genes. We identified a list of 28 biologically meaningful, significantly differentially expressed genes. Genes up-regulated by selenium supplementation included TNF, IL1B, IL8, SOD2, CXCL2 and several other immunological and oxidative stress-related genes. When mapped to a biological association network, many of the differentially expressed genes were found to regulate functional classes such as fibroblast growth factor, collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase and stromelysin-1, and thus, considered to affect cellular processes like apoptosis, proliferation and others. Many of the significantly up-regulated genes following selenium-supplementation were previously found by us to be down-regulated in a different set of individuals with As-induced skin lesions compared to those without. In conclusion, findings from this study may elucidate the biological effect of selenium supplementation in humans. Additionally, this study suggests that long-term selenium supplementation may revert some of the gene expression changes presumably induced by chronic As exposure in individuals with pre-malignant skin lesions.
New cloning vectors with temperature-sensitive replication

A series of cloning vectors with conditional, temperature-sensitive replication that are selectable with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin has been constructed. These vectors are derivatives of a pSC101 mutant that can replicate only at low temperatures. The cloning vectors carry a number of unique restriction sites and provide for screening of recombinant plasmids by alpha complementation. These vectors have proven useful for a variety of applications where conditional replication of a recombinant plasmid is desired.
Benign lipid envelope of the heart simulating a pericardial hematoma.

Abstract The hallmark of diagnosing a pericardial effusion by echocardiography is the presence of relatively sonolucent space outside of the cardiac structures. The location, size, mobility, and consistency of the pericardial space determined by echocardiography are considered to be reliable markers for defining pericardial processes. In certain clinical scenarios, however, it may be difficult to differentiate fluid from other pericardial processes, notably subepicardial adipose tissue. This case of a 76-year-old woman, who presented with possible cardiac tamponade after permanent pacemaker implantation, demonstrates some of the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of pericardial space abnormalities. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:234-6.)
Sinonasal primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in a long‐term survivor of heritable unilateral retinoblastoma

BACKGROUND Patients who survive retinoblastoma (RB) are at risk for having second nonocular tumors, usually osteosarcomas, which often are fatal. Such patients almost always have bilateral RB. METHODS This article reports a woman who, at the age of 1 year had been cured of a unilateral RB by radiation therapy and enucleation. Eighteen years later, she had a sinonasal small cell tumor that rapidly recurred and proved fatal 2 months after surgical debulking. The tumor was studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic (EM) examination. RESULTS It showed diffuse neuron-specific enolase staining, focal weak staining for chromogranin, synaptophysin, and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies in paraffin-embedded, B5-fixed tissue (Great Lakes Diagnostics, Troy, MI). EM study showed an undifferentiated primitive neuroectodermal tumor with many polyribosomes, simple cell junctions, few microtubules, and rare dense core granules. CONCLUSIONS The combined immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical features of the tumor were interpreted as a sinonasal primitive neuroectodermal tumor with early neuronal differentiation. The tumor was pathologically indistinguishable from poorly differentiated olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and Ewing sarcoma.
Interaction of Nematospiroides dubius and influenza virus in mice

Abstract The response of mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius to influenza A2 virus was studied in a series of four experiments. Groups of mice, given 50–1000 N. dubius larvae, subsequently were exposed to virus and killed for examination. The amount of virus present in lungs, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers to influenza, and numbers of adult N. dubius present were determined. Significantly higher antibody titers were found in nonparasitized controls than in parasitized mice in all experiments. These differences were most apparent in mice killed 21 days after exposure to virus. The greatest reductions in HI titers were observed in mice given 1000 larvae although mice that received fewer larvae usually had significantly lower titers than nonparasitized controls. The titers of virus present in the lungs of parasitized mice 2 days after exposure tended to be lower than in nonparasitized controls.
SU‐GG‐T‐182: Effects of Block Location On Dosimetry in the Total Body Irradiation (TBI)

Purpose: Blocks are frequently used in TBI to protect critical organs such as lung. Among different cancer centers, the location of block varies significantly; for example, in the block tray, between the machine and patient, or directly in front of the patient. In this study, we investigate effects of block location on the dosimetry of blocked region. Method and Materials: Blocks at four source‐block distances were studied, i.e. 65cm (block tray), 120cm, 200cm and 350cm (in front of patient). All blocks were 5 HVL thick and were made based on the same film to protect an area of 12.5×12.5 cm2. Dosimetry of blocked area was measured using an ion chamber and film in a phantom at 10cm depth. All results were normalized to the open field dose. Results: Doses at the center of blocked area for source‐blockdistances of 65, 120, 200, 350 cm are 18.1%, 15.7%, 13.9% and 13.5% respectively. The penumbra of blocked area decreases from 0.9 cm to 0.4 cm as the block moves from the block tray closer to the phantom. For a desired transmission dose of 20% (as a percentage of open field), the effective size of blocked area (i.e. area whose dose is under the desired transmission) is 7.2cm, 10.1cm, 10.9cm and 11.4cm respectively for blocks at 65, 120, 200, 350 cm source‐block distances respectively. For a desired transmission of 30%, the effective size of blocked area is 11.7cm, 11.9cm, 12.1cm and 12.2cm respectively. For a 50 % level, it is 12.3cm, 12.5cm, 12.7cm and 12.7cm respectively. Conclusion: Dose under TBI blocks is significantly higher and the effective size of blocking is significantly smaller when block is located in block tray than directly in front of the patient. Hence, proper positioning of TBI blocks is critical to achieve the desired dose reduction.
Trends in Publishing in Materials Science, 1962–1981

The results of the current survey indicate a decrease in the number of U.S.-authored publications in the premier U.S. metallurgical journals in the past 10 years. Because of journal proliferation, this decline does not necessarily indicate a reduction in U.S.-authored papers over this same time period. Over this same period, the relative reduction in papers originating from work performed in industrial laboratories exceeds by far the corresponding reduction in the total number of papers published. I have noted some personal observations and concerns with respect to this last observation.
Joint capsule treatment with enkephalin‐encoding HSV‐1 recombinant vector reduces inflammatory damage and behavioural sequelae in rat CFA monoarthritis

This study assessed enkephalin expression induced by intra-articular application of recombinant, enkephalin-encoding herpes virus (HSV-1) and the impact of expression on nociceptive behaviours and synovial lining inflammation in arthritic rats. Replication-conditional HSV-1 recombinant vectors with cDNA encoding preproenkephalin (HSV-ENK), or control transgene beta-galactosidase cDNA (HSV-beta-gal; control) were injected into knee joints with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Joint temperatures, circumferences and nociceptive behaviours were monitored on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post CFA and vector treatments. Lumbar (L4-6) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cords were immunostained for met-enkephalin (met-ENK), beta-gal, HSV-1 proteins and Fos. Joint tissues were immunostained for met-ENK, HSV-1 proteins, and inflammatory mediators Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and cyclo-oxygenase-2, or stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathology. Compared to exuberant synovial hypertrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration seen in arthritic rats treated with CFA only or CFA and HSV-beta-gal, the CFA- and HSV-ENK-treated arthritic rats had: (i) striking preservation of synovial membrane cytoarchitecture with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates; (ii) significantly improved nociceptive behavioural responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli; (iii) normalized Fos staining in lumbar dorsal horn; and (iv) significantly increased met-ENK staining in ipsilateral synovial tissue, lumbar DRG and spinal cord. The HSV-1 and transgene product expression were confined to ipsilateral lumbar DRG (HSV-1, met-ENK, beta-gal). Only transgene product (met-ENK and beta-gal) was seen in lumbar spinal cord sections. Targeted delivery of enkephalin-encoding HSV-1 vector generated safe, sustained opioid-induced analgesia with protective anti-inflammatory blunting in rat inflammatory arthritis.
Control of Yield Ratio Based on Ultra Fast Cooling and Mechanical Behaviors of High Strength Aseismic Steel

The new generation TMCP process based on ultra fast cooling has recently developed rapidly. In order to develop the low yield ratio constructional steel, the effects of cooling finishing temperature on microstructure and yield ratio of steels were studied primarily. The results show that the high strength and low yield ratio can be achieved by multiphase including M-A hard second phase and bainite ferrite soft matrix. When UFC final temperature is 521°C, the uniform M-A phases with volume fraction of 22.5% are distributed on bainite ferrite matrix, and then the yield strength is 570MPa, tensile strength 760MPa, yield ratio 0.75, and percentage elongation 22% with the Charpy impact energy 284J at -40°C. All these indexes come up to the relevant standards. The steel with lower yield ratio can be subjected to larger plastic deformation before the necking instability.
Adding spironolactone to conventional antihypertensives reduces albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Adding spironolactone to conventional antihypertensives reduces albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Serum alkaline phosphatase levels associate with elevated serum C-reactive protein in chronic kidney disease

High serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations are associated with elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the general population. To examine whether this association is independent of serum vitamin D levels or modified in chronic kidney disease (CKD), we determined if such associations exist using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III of 14,420 adult participants in which 5.7% had CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate 2 ). For each doubling of serum alkaline phosphatase, the odds of elevated serum CRP (over 3 mg/l) were increased 2.73-fold in the non-chronic and 2.50-fold in the CKD sub-populations, respectively. Regression coefficients of each doubling of serum alkaline phosphatase with elevated CRP were not significantly different in between the sub-populations. Additional adjustment for the serum 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D level did not substantively change the results. Thus, associations of serum alkaline phosphatase with elevated CRP are independent of serum 25-OH vitamin D in the chronic and non-CKD populations. Hence, serum alkaline phosphatase might be a marker of the inflammatory milieu.
Controlled Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation and Surface-Initiated Polymerization of a p-Phenyleneethynylene-Based Monomer

Herein, we describe a catalyst transfer polycondensation that enabled access to well-defined poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE), a prominent conjugated polymer. Treatment of a stannylated 4-iodophenylacetylene derivative with PhPd(t-Bu3P)Br afforded the corresponding PPE in up to 94% yield. Under optimized conditions, the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with monomer consumption, and was controlled by adjusting the initial monomer-to-catalyst ratio. The chain-growth nature of the polymerization reaction was utilized to produce well-defined PPE-containing block copolymers, as well as to grow PPE brushes from silica nanoparticles via a surface-initiated polymerization process.
Serial High-Spatial-Resolution, Multisequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies Identify Fibrous Cap Rupture and Penetrating Ulcer Into Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque

A 67-year-old woman with a history of bilateral carotid artery stenosis and 4 episodes of myocardial infarction had left arm claudication for 1 month. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not identify acute cerebral infarction. Transcranial Doppler imaging did not reveal any emboli. She had been followed by a clinical research study, PRIMARI (Plaque Rupture In MAgnetic Resonance Imaging). A baseline high-spatial-resolution, multisequence MRI performed 10 months previously showed an atherosclerotic plaque with intraplaque hemorrhage in the right internal carotid artery (Figure 1A through 1D) and a calcified plaque in the left carotid artery. Both arteries had intact fibrous cap.1,2 A repeat …
Some remarks about the Appel and Bleiberg (2005) study.

The study by Appel and Bleiberg (2005), which appears in this issue of the American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, is not methodologically sophisticated. It is a simple pre and posttest design that does not utilize a control group, does not include alternate treatment comparisons and does not study a homogeneous patient group in terms of the type of pain suffered. However, Drs. Appel and Bleiberg are undoubtedly knowledgeable about the uses of hypnosis in the treatment of pain. They make it clear that some of the treatment suggestions for pain reduction, which were utilized in their study, are very similar to those used by some practitioners of hypnosis. No mention of the word “hypnosis” is ever made before or during the treatment intervention. No hypnotic induction ceremony is ever administered, and no patient ever hears anything about hypnosis until after the posttest dependent variables are assessed. Consequently, there appears to be nothing “hypnotic” about their study until patients are subsequently asked to volunteer to have their level of hypnotic ability formally assessed. Despite this, the authors report a highly significant correlation (r(24)=.55, p <.001) between self-reported, posttreatment pain reduction and measured hypnotizability. This is more than just remarkable; it is amazing. This kind of result is something one would expect to read about in a study by Herbert or David Spiegel, but Drs. Appel and Bleiberg have not been strong advocates of hypnotizability assessment. This makes their finding even more credible and even more amazing! Furthermore, the magnitude of the correlation between measured hypnotizability and pain reduction is similar to that reported in earlier published studies which utilized pain treatments either with or without hypnosis (Hilgard & Hilgard, 1975; Katz, Kao, Spiegel & Katz, 1974).
Dielectric aging in the plzt system

The aging rates of K and tan δ were determined for some ferroelectric and antiferroelectric PLZT compositions as a function of frequency and DC bias. The aging reached a maximum at the FER-AF0 boundary. The antiferroelectric compositions exhibited aging in both K and tan δ. PbZrO3 has a K aging rate of 2.4% per decade. All aging rates were found to decrease with increasing frequency. DC bias increased the aging rate of K for the ferroelectrics and had little effect on the antiferroelectrics.
1W frequency-doubled VCSEL-pumped blue laser with high pulse energy

We report on a Q-switched VCSEL side-pumped 946 nm Nd:YAG laser that produces high average power blue light with high pulse energy after frequency doubling in BBO. The gain medium was water cooled and symmetrically pumped by three 1 kW 808 nm VCSEL pump modules. More than 1 W blue output was achieved at 210 Hz with 4.9 mJ pulse energy and at 340 Hz with 3.2 mJ pulse energy, with 42% and 36% second harmonic conversion efficiency respectively. Higher pulse energy was obtained at lower repetition frequencies, up to 9.3 mJ at 70 Hz with 52% conversion efficiency.
Bilaterally symmetric juvenile fibroadenomas and tubular breast deformity in a prepubescent girl.

Juvenile fibroadenomas are rare and usually not associated with other disease processes. We report the first known case of bilateral juvenile fibroadenomas in conjuction with tubular breast deformity in a prepubescent girl.
Expansion of CD22lo B cells in the spleen of autoimmune-prone flaky skin mice.

Abstract Similar to murine models with compromised CD22/SHP-1 function, flaky skin (fsn) mutant mice exhibit lymphocyte hyperactivation and an autoimmune phenotype characterized by circulating autoantibodies to dsDNA and glomerulonephritis. Immunophenotyping of fsn/fsn splenic B cells was performed to determine if abnormalities in CD22 expression contributed to the phenotype. We identified an expansion of an IgMbright CD22lo population consistent with immature B-lymphocytes. While normal B-lymphocytes require IL-4 to achieve down-modulation of CD22 expression in response to BCR cross-linking, culture with anti-IgM alone led to reduced CD22 expression in fsn/fsn mice. Furthermore, when IL-4 was added to fsn/fsn cultures, no further reduction in CD22 expression was observed. This suggested that fsn/fsn B cells were pre-activated in vivo by chronic IL-4 exposure. A portion of these CD22lo cells expressed the B-1 surface marker CD11b. We contend that decreased activation thresholds among CD22lo B-lymphocytes contributes to the expansion of immature and B-1 B cell populations and to the development of autoimmune pathology in fsn/fsn mice.
Gradient elution column chromatography systems for the separation and identification of gibberellins

Abstract A mixture of seven known gibberellins has been fractionated by column chromatography using two different gradient elution systems. Each of these systems succeeded in separating the seven compounds, without overlapping, in one continuous operation. These techniques have been applied successfully to the isolation and identification of gibberellins from a natural plant extract.
Flexible and Robust 2D Arrays of Silver Nanowires Encapsulated within Freestanding Layer-by-Layer Films**

Freestanding layer-by-layer (LbL) films encapsulating controlled volume fractions (Φ = 2.5-22.5 %) of silver nanowires are fabricated. The silver nanowires are sandwiched between poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrane sulfonate) (PAH/PSS) films resulting in nanocomposite structures with a general formula of (PAH/PSS) 10 PAHAg(PAH/PSS) 10 PAH. The Young's modulus, toughness, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain are evaluated for supported and freestanding structures. Since the diameter of the nanowires (73 nm) is larger than the thickness of the LbL films (total of about 50 mn), a peculiar morphology is observed with the silver nanowires protruding from the planar LbL films. Nanowire-containing LbL films possess the ability to sustain significant elastic deformations with the ultimate strain reaching 1.8 %. The Young's modulus increases with increasing nanowire content, teaching about 6 GPa for the highest volume fraction, due to the filler reinforcement effect commonly observed in composite materials. The ultimate strengths of these composites range from 60-80 MPa and their toughness reaches 1000 kJ m -3 at intermediate nanowire content, which is comparable to LbL films reinforced with carbon nanotubes. These robust freestanding 2D arrays of silver nanowires with peculiar optical, mechanical, and conducting properties combined with excellent micromechanical stability could serve as active elements in microscopic acoustic, pressure, and photothermal sensors.
Abnormal Intestinal Histology in Neonates with Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract

In animal models, when swallowing is experimentally prevented in utero, bowel length and weight are reduced, and villus height, crypt depth, and villus function are retarded. Little is known about the intestinal histology in infants with gastrointestinal (GI) tract anomalies. We examined the histological architecture of the intestine in neonates with GI anomalies in comparison to that of normal fetuses. Villus height, area, and length and crypt depth of normal fetuses were quantified in the proximal small bowel (n = 11) and measurements compared to those of surgical specimens of neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract (n = 16). Villus height and area and lamina propria height and area increased linearly from 8 to 24 weeks of gestation. In infants with anomalies of the GI tract, the villi were blunted and lacked normal histological architecture, the crypts were disorganized, and the crypt depth was significantly decreased (p = 0.004). Enterocyte height and area were significantly greater in neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract. The intestinal histology in neonates with congenital anomalies of the GI tract differs significantly from that of normal fetuses.
Rapid drainage response to precipitation

Rapid drainage flow increases at the 2·4 m depth in the Coshocton lysimeters were related to the storms that most likely initiated them. The time lapsed between the onset of the storm and rapid drainage response was less than 2 days in 98 per cent of the 389 cases observed in five lysimeters between 1976 and 1982. A pronounced seasonal variation in the frequency of rapid responses was found, with the first quarter of the year comprising the highest number of events. During winter, when soil moisture is generally high, a storm yielding 6 mm/d was already sufficient to initiate this response while summer storms producing more than 50 mm/d did not always initiate a drainage response. Average drainage yield per event was found to be more closely related to the type and usage of a soil than to seasonal effects.
The agglomeration of U.S.-owned and foreign-owned plants across the U.S. States

Agglomeration in U.S. manufacturing is more common than initially thought. This clustering arises from location natural advantages and spillovers. Extant studies on agglomeration do not distinguish the activities of U.S.-owned plants from those that are foreign owned. This distinction is crucial since policies seem to have differential impacts on both types of plants. I find that industry scale, resource intensity and urbanization economies have larger impacts on foreign plant agglomeration whereas knowledge intensity has a larger effect on domestic plant agglomeration.
Locating line outages in a specific area of a power system with synchrophasors

We detect the location of line outages inside a specific area of the power system from synchrophasor measurements at the border of the area and inside the area. We process the area synchrophasor measurements using a DC load flow model of the area. The processed measurements do not respond to line trips or power redispatches outside the area. The method extends previous methods that locate line trips in an entire network so that they work in a particular area and also deals with cases of islanding. The method will be particularly useful when utilities or ISOs in large interconnections restrict their attention to network models and phasor measurements for only their own area.
Hybrid micro-nano structured thermal interfaces for pool boiling heat transfer enhancement

Boiling heat transfer from hybrid micro-nano structured thermal interfaces has been studied experimentally using PF5060 and deionized water as working fluids for the range of saturation temperatures T"s"a"t between 35^oC and 60^oC. Various enhancement structures were fabricated using surface micromachining in silicon. The performance of the smooth and roughened silicon surfaces, bare and fully coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the silicon-etched as well as CNTs-based pin-fin arrays, and the 3D microstructures have been studied in detail. The highest heat fluxes were obtained using the 3D microstructure without CNTs-these are 27 and 130W/cm^2 for PF5060 and water, respectively. Experimental results indicate that use of the CNT-enabled, purely nano-structured interfaces appear to improve boiling heat transfer only at very low superheats, as compared to the smooth surfaces.
Measuring services, resources, users and use in the networked environment

Le projet E-Metrics de l'ARL (Association of Research Libraries) constitue une approche pour decrire et mesurer quelques-unes des ressources, des usages et des depenses lies aux services en reseau dans les bibliotheques de recherche. La Phase I du projet inventorie les pratiques utilisees dans les bibliotheques de l'ARL participantes en matiere de statistiques et de mesures de performance pour les services et les ressources en reseau. Le deuxieme objectif est d'organiser un groupe de travail sur les statistiques des vendeurs de bases de donnees. La Phase II du projet a pour objectifs : d'identifier les statistiques et les mesures de performance recommandees pour decrire l'utilisation et les utilisateurs des services electroniques et en reseau ; de normaliser les procedures et les definitions pour la collecte de ces statistiques et de ces mesures ; d'accroitre la prise de conscience de questions liees a la collecte, a l'analyse, et au compte-rendu des donnees pour produire ces statistiques et ces mesures.
On some new classes of implication operators and their role in approximate reasoning

The basic properties required of the multivalued implication operator are introduced. The generation of these operators using the S and R implications is discussed. We suggest two new approaches for obtaining multivalued implications based on the direct use of additive generating functions. Some new classes of implication operators using these generators methods are derived. The role of the multivalued implication within the fuzzy logic based theory of approximate reasoning is described. A discussion of the modus ponens and modus tollens inference paradigms within the framework of fuzzy logic is provided. A visualization method is then used to look at various properties of the implication operator and suggest variations of standard operators. Finally we suggest a rule based approach to defining multivalued implications which allows a user to specify an implication to met their customized performance requirements.
Autonomic and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Objective To investigate whether there is an association between autonomic failure and cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Bit-fixing codes for multi-level cells

Codes that correct limited-magnitude errors for multi-level cell nonvolatile memories, such as flash memories and phase-change memories, have received interest in recent years. This work proposes a new coding scheme that generalizes a known result [2] and works for arbitrary error distributions. In this scheme, every cell's discrete level l is mapped to its binary representation (b m−1 , …, b 1 ,b 0 ), where the m bits belong to m different error-correcting codes. The error e in a cell is mapped to its binary representation (e m−1 , …, e 1 , e 0 ), and the codes are designed such that every error bit ei only affects the codeword containing the data bit b i . The m codewords are decoded sequentially to correct the bit-errors e 0 ,e 1 , …, e m−1 in order. The scheme can be generalized to many more numeral systems for cell levels and errors, optimized cell-level labelings, and any number of cell levels. It can be applied not only to storage but also to amplitude-modulation communication systems.
New planet missions may be halted

A December 2 report in the Washington Post states that George Keyworth, science advisor to President Reagan, has ‘recommended halting all new planetary space missions for at least the next decade—an idea he said the White House seems to be buying.’ A spokesman in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) told Eos that in keeping with this, astrophysics and astronomy, not planetary missions, would be emphasized in the fiscal 1983 budget. The OSTP spokesman was unsure what Keyworth meant by ‘an idea the White House seems to be buying.’ There has been other talk that budget cuts would jeopardize space exploration (Eos, October 20, p. 705).
On hardware for computing exponential and trigonometric functions

This paper presents new, fast hardware for computing the exponential function, sine, and cosine. The main new idea is to use low-precision arithmetic components to approximate high precision computations, and then to correct very quickly the approximation error periodically so that the effect is to get high precision computation at near low-precision speed. The algorithm used in the paper is a nontrivial modification of the well-known CORDIC algorithm, and might be applicable to the computation of other functions than the ones presented.
The Relationship Between Certain Thyroid Characteristics of Pullets and Their Egg Production, Body Weight and Environment

Abstract IT IS generally assumed that the rate of thyroid hormone secretion is an important factor in egg production. Such a relationship is indicated by the results of experiments with thyroactive substances (for review see Sturkie, 1954). Further, Booker and Sturkie (1950) reported that pullets laying four-egg sequences had higher thyroxine secretion rates than pullets laying two-egg sequences. The relationship between thyroid weight and body weight of growing chickens was studied by Schultze and Turner (1945) who found a positive correlation between the two characteristics. Booker and Sturkie (1950), on the other hand, stated that in mature birds of the same breed and age there is no close relationship between body weight and thyroid weight, if one is working within a narrow range of body weights. The effect of season on thyroid weight was studied by Cruickshank (1929), Podhradsky (1935), and Galpin (1938) who reported that the thyroids of chickens were …
Hydrophobic Dimerization and Thermal Dissociation of Perylenediimide-Linked DNA Hairpins

The structure and properties of hairpin-forming bis(oligonucleotide) conjugates possessing perylenediimide (PDI) chromophores as hairpin linkers have been investigated using a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. These conjugates exist predominantly as monomer hairpins at room temperature in the absence of added salt and as head-to-head hairpin dimers in the presence of >50 mM NaCl. The hairpin dimer structure is consistent with the results of small-angle X-ray scattering in aqueous solution and molecular dynamics simulation. The structure of the nonconjugated PDI dimer in water is investigated using potential of mean force calculations. The salt dependence is attributed to increased cation condensation in the hairpin dimer vs monomer. Upon heating at low salt concentrations, the hairpin dimer undergoes sequential dissociation to form the monomer hairpin followed by conversion to a random coil structure; whereas at high salt concentrations both dissociation processes occur over the same...
Critical parameter selection in the vibration suppression of large space structures

This paper addresses the application of parameter sensitivity analysis to large flexible space structure models with uncertain parameters such as modal dampings, modal frequencies, and mode shape slopes at actuator (sensor) locations/A parameter ranking criterion is given to delineate the critical parameters in linear regulator problems. The quantitative measure is labeled ''Parameter Error Index." Explicit and simple analytical formulas are obtained in terms of the modal data for the vibration suppression problem of large space structures. The proposed procedure is applied to the "Purdue Model," a generic two-dimensional large space structure model. Results indicate that, for the specific model used for the uncertainty of the parameters, modal dampings, modal frequencies, and mode shape slopes are critical in that order (in a broad sense). This type of information is useful in parameter estimation, robust control design, structure redesign, etc.
CHOICE OF TARGET POPULATION WEIGHTS IN RATER COMPARABILITY SCORING AND EQUATING

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the choice of sample weights when defining the target population under poststratification equating can be a critical factor in determining the accuracy of the equating results under a unique equating scenario, known as rater comparability scoring and equating. The nature of data collection under rater comparability scoring is such that it results in a very high correlation between the anchor and total score in the new form but only a moderate correlation in the reference form. I demonstrated, using data collected under a rater comparability scoring situation, that this difference in the anchor-total correlation in the new and reference forms can have a predictable impact on the equating results based on different sample weights (i.e., the equating results are most accurate when the reference form sample is defined as the target population, least accurate when the new form sample is defined as the target population, and somewhere in the middle when the new and reference form samples are equally weighed when defining the target population).