cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 trafficking by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rat brain endothelial cells requires cross-talk with notch signaling

The transport of monocarboxylate fuels such as lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies across brain endothelial cells is mediated by monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1). Although the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for rodent blood-brain barrier development and for the expression of associated nutrient transporters, the role of this pathway in the regulation of brain endothelial MCT1 is unknown. Here we report expression of nine members of the frizzled receptor family by the RBE4 rat brain endothelial cell line. Furthermore, activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in RBE4 cells via nuclear β-catenin signaling with LiCl does not alter brain endothelialMct1mRNA but increases the amount of MCT1 transporter protein. Plasma membrane biotinylation studies and confocal microscopic examination of mCherry-tagged MCT1 indicate that increased transporter results from reduced MCT1 trafficking from the plasma membrane via the endosomal/lysosomal pathway and is facilitated by decreased MCT1 ubiquitination following LiCl treatment. Inhibition of the Notch pathway by the γ-secretase inhibitorN-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester negated the up-regulation of MCT1 by LiCl, demonstrating a cross-talk between the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways. Our results are important because they show, for the first time, the regulation of MCT1 in cerebrovascular endothelial cells by the multifunctional canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways.
Maidenhair Ferns, Adiantum, are Indeed Monophyletic and Sister to Shoestring Ferns, Vittarioids (Pteridaceae)

Abstract Across the tree of life, molecular phylogenetic studies often reveal surprising relationships between taxa with radically different morphologies that have long obscured their close affiliations. A spectacular botanical example is Rafflesia, a holoparasite that produces the largest flowers in the world, but that evolved from tiny-flowered ancestors within the Euphorbiaceae. Outside of parasitic lineages, such abrupt transformations are rarely seen. One exception involves the “maidenhair ferns” (Adiantum), which are quintessential ferns: beautifully dissected, terrestrial, and shade loving. The closely related “shoestring ferns” (vittarioids), in contrast, have an extremely simplified morphology, are canopy-dwelling epiphytes, and exhibit greatly accelerated rates of molecular evolution. While Adiantum and the vittarioids together have been shown to form a robust monophyletic group (adiantoids), there remain unanswered questions regarding the monophyly of Adiantum and the evolutionary history of th...
An antineoplastic factor in spleens of mice previously inoculated with methylcholanthrene.

SummaryC3H mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.5 mg of 20-methylcholanthrene. At weekly intervals thereafter, spleens were examined from groups of mice for growth effect on methylcholanthrene-induced tumors. By growing spleen and tumor explants in the same tube, a tumor-destructive effect could be demonstrated in spleens for as long as 3 weeks after inoculation. Thereafter, this effect could not be demonstrated with “normal” spleens, nor with the spleens from the mice supplying the tumor tissue. This reaction could not be induced with phenanthrene, 3,4-benzpyrene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzathracene, and the cooking oil in which these compounds were dissolved.
Perceptions of Personality in Computer Agents: Effects of Culture and Gender:

Developing computer agents with personalities may be one way to enhance human-machine collaboration. To create computer agents with personalities it is essential to identify the actions, language, and/or behaviors that people indicate signify the personalities they perceive. Additionally it is possible that culture and gender may play a role in how computer personalities are perceived. This research investigated how culture and gender affect the perception of computer personalities within a computer game. Participants were asked to rate the computer characters in a blackjack game based on the Big Five Factor personality trait model and to describe the actions, language, and/or behaviors that gave them their impressions. The results show that participants did perceive personality in the computer characters and were able to describe actions, languages and behaviors leading to their perceptions. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences based on culture and gender differe...
An Analysis on Urban Poverty Based on "Process-Interaction-Action" Theory

with the acceleration of Chinese marketing and urbanization,the urban poverty is increasingly serious.Based on the analysis skeleton of "process-interaction-action" proposed by sociologist A.Hoogvelt,this paper focuses on the new characteristics and causing factors of Chinese urban poverty,pointing out the reasons for increasing problems: first one is that because of the deviation to the aim of social welfare maximization,people especially the disadvantaged groups seem not to have enjoyed the benefits of Chinese economic development.Prosperous in macroscopic view and poor in microscopic view;the second one is due to the lack of democratic system,the disadvantaged groups are not allowed to have their own voice and there is no practical system for them to express their will;the third one is the government failure in principle practice.Accordingly,this paper tries to offer alternative systems to solve the urban poverty problems.
A HORIZONTAL STACKING METHOD BASE ON FUZZY ADJUDICATING

Basing on the mode of the signal identifying, applying the method of fuzzy adjudicating, the standard trace has been gotten by means of stacking to each trace. And then each trace has been adjudicated by fuzzy adjudicating method. When found the worst trace comparing with the standard trace and get rid of it. Repeating the former course until that we got the appointed adjudicating result or the program had reached the maximal number of the trace. The simulating test indicates that the result of our method is better than that of the traditional method.
An In Vitro Screening to Identify Drug-Resistant Mutations for Target-Directed Chemotherapeutic Agents

The discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors as a driver of cancer development has triggered the development of target-specific small molecule anticancer compounds. As exemplified by Imatinib (Gleevec), a specific inhibitor of the Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-associated BCR/ABL kinase, these agents promise impressive activity in clinical trials, with low levels of clinical toxicity. However, such therapy is susceptible to the emergence of drug resistance mainly due to amino acid substitutions in the target protein. Defining the spectrum of such mutations is important for patient monitoring and the design of next-generation inhibitors. Using Imatinib and BCR/ABL as a paradigm for a drug-target pair, we reported a retroviral vector-based screening strategy to identify the spectrum of resistance-conferring mutations, which has helped in designing the next-generation BCR/ABL inhibitors such as Nilotinib, Dasatinib, and Ponatinib. Here we provide a detailed methodology for the screen, which can be generally applied to any drug-target pair.
Kinetics of the appearance of Fc epsilon RI-bearing cells in interleukin-3-dependent mouse bone marrow cultures: correlation with histamine content and mast cell maturation.

While it is known that mast cells arise from pluripotential hematopoietic cells and express their mature phenotypes in tissues, the sequence of events in maturation is incompletely understood. To study early mast cells, we sorted cells from interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mouse bone marrow cultures on the basis of Fc epsilon RI and examined their morphology, histamine content, and growth characteristics. Flow cytometric analysis and sort showed that the Fc epsilon RI-bearing (Fc epsilon RI+) cells increased from 0% on day 0 to 90% by day 21 and that the total number of Fc epsilon RI+ cells increased from 0 at the start of culture to 3.75 x 10(5) cells by day 21 from an initial population of 1 x 10(5) cells. The dissociation rate of 125I-labeled IgE from early cultured cells resembled the dissociation rate of mouse IgE from mature murine mast cells. Mean fluorescence intensity increased over time, reflecting an increase in IgE receptor density. Fc epsilon RI+ cells were also positive for Fc gamma RII/III. Morphologic studies showed gradual acquisition of metachromatic granules in the Fc epsilon RI+ cells, which was paralleled by an increase in histamine content. Sorted Fc epsilon RI+ cells, when placed in liquid suspension culture, gave rise to pure mast cell populations. Fc epsilon RI+ cells sorted at day 3 and cultured in agarose with IL-3 gave rise to 4,800 small and 150 medium-size mast cell colony-forming units per 10(6) cells, while Fc epsilon RI- cells gave rise to 23 medium-size and 49 large mast cell colony-forming units per 10(6) cells. Fc epsilon RI+ cells grown in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) or macrophage- CSF did not give rise to colony-forming units. These results show that Fc epsilon RI+ cells have proliferative potential, but that there also is a population of mast cell progenitor cells that have not yet expressed Fc epsilon RI, and such individual progenitor cells have greater potential for proliferation than cells that express Fc epsilon RI.
Numerical Computation of Multivariate Normal Probabilities Using Bivariate Conditioning

New methods are derived for the computation of multivariate normal probabilities defined for hyper-rectangular probability regions. The methods use conditioning with a sequence of truncated bivariate probability densities. A new approximation algorithm based on products of bivariate probabilities will be described. Then a more general method, which uses sequences of simulated pairs of bivariate normal random variables, will be considered. Simulations methods which use Monte Carlo, and quasi-Monte Carlo point sets will be described. The new methods will be compared with methods which use univariate normal conditioning, using tests with random multivariate normal problems.
Faunal remains and consumer behavior: What is being measured?

Although historic sites faunal analyses are increasing in frequency and sophistication, it is difficult to compare many of these studies. Variables affecting acquisition and consumption need to be identified. Too often, inappropriate units of analysis are employed. A consumer behavior research framework, using the unit of acquisition as the basic analytical class, will clarify many of the variables that confront historic sites faunal analysis. It will yield less skewed results and facilitate comparative studies.
Designing Sequence-Specific Copolymer Compatibilizers Using a Molecular-Dynamics-Simulation-Based Genetic Algorithm

Compatibilizers—surfactant molecules designed to improve the stability of an interface—are employed to enhance material properties in settings ranging from emulsions to polymer blends. A major compatibilization strategy employs block or random copolymers composed of distinct repeat units with preferential affinity for each of the two phases forming the interface. Here we pose the question of whether improved compatibilization could be achieved by employing new synthetic strategies to realize copolymer compatibilizers with specific monomeric sequence. We employ a novel molecular-dynamics-simulation-based genetic algorithm to design model sequence-specific copolymers that minimize energy of a polymer/polymer interface. Results indicate that sequence-specific copolymers offer the potential to yield larger reductions in interfacial energy than either block or random copolymers, with the preferred sequence being compatibilizer concentration dependent. By employing a simple thermodynamic scaling model for copol...
Interventional Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and prevalent cause of vascular disease. Nevertheless, optimal treatment for many phenotypes of PE remains uncertain. Treating PE requires appropriate risk stratification as a first step. For the highest-risk PE, presenting as shock or arrest, emergent systemic thrombolysis or embolectomy is reasonable, while for low-risk PE, anticoagulation alone is often chosen. Normotensive patients with PE but with indicia of right heart dysfunction (by biomarkers or imaging) constitute an intermediate-risk group for whom there is controversy on therapeutic strategy. Some intermediate-risk patients with PE may require urgent stabilization, and ≈10% will decompensate hemodynamically and suffer high mortality, though identifying these specific patients remains challenging. Systemic thrombolysis is a consideration, but its risks of major and intracranial hemorrhages rival overall harms from intermediate PE. Multiple hybrid pharmacomechanical approaches have been devised to capture the benefits of thrombolysis while reducing its risks, but there is limited aggregate clinical experience with such novel interventional strategies. One method to counteract uncertainty and generate a consensus multidisciplinary prognostic and therapeutic plan is through a Pulmonary Embolism Response Team, which combines expertise from interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, cardiac surgery, cardiac imaging, and critical care. Such a team can help determine which intervention-catheter-directed fibrinolysis, ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombus fragmentation, or percutaneous or surgical embolectomy-is best suited to a particular patient. This article reviews these various modalities and the background for each.
What Drives Labor Migration to Russia? Evidence from Tajikistan

Tajikistan is an active member of international labor migration. Economic deprivation, limited land area and demographic pressure are the primary push factors for geographic mobility of people in this post-Soviet country. This paper is aimed at exploring and analyzing some factors that drive migrant workers to Russia. Our results show that demographic background is more important, while fluency in Russian is less influential for regional movement of people. People with advanced education are more reluctant to travel abroad and labor migration prevails among individuals who possess lower education level. The effect of social capital on migration and the nature of pure altruism approach that stems from remitted income remain different.
Three and a Half Principles: The Origins of Modern Relativity Theory

In 1900 the field theory of electromagnetism, which owes it origins primarily to the work of James Clerk Maxwell, had been under rapid development for two decades. In the 1880s a number of British physicists, beginning with Oliver Heaviside, had developed Maxwell’s work into a successful body of theory which was able to explain a number of important features of electrodynamics. During the 1890s this new theory encountered some difficulties which, as Jed Buchwald (1985) has shown, were connected with the earlier theory’s inattention to the physical nature of the sources of the field, the moving charges themselves. This directed attention towards problem of microphysics and the nature of the electron and towards a theory of electromagnetism which focused on the reality of charged particles as agents of the field. This was accompanied by a geographical shift away from Britain, whose leading figures came to play a less important role in the development of the theory, to the continent, in particular to Holland and the German speaking areas of Europe. The new continental theory had important successes, which inspired a hope that was expressed in the term electromagnetic world-view, that all physical phenomena would be expressible in terms of the electromagnetic field. In spite of major achievements by Hertz, Lorentz and others, the new theory still found itself troubled by a number of issues, several of which are now seen to have had a common origin in the subject of relativity theory, and how the new electromagnetic theory was to be reconciled with it. The chief credit for the work on relativity which resolved these problems is usually accorded to Albert Einstein, and the first half of this article will focus primarily on the particular line of thinking which led him to the discovery of what is now called special relativity theory. The contributions of others, particularly Lorentz and Henri Poincare, will not be neglected, but the adoption of a schema based on the structure of Einstein’s theory, while justified by his enormous influence on subsequent research, will inevitably force their contributions into a framework which was not
Optimal prediction of data with unknown abrupt change points

We develop a novel methodology for predicting time series under unknown abrupt changes in data generating distributions. Based on Kolmogorov and Tikhomirov's e entropy, we propose a concept called e-predictability that quantifies the size of a model class and the maximal number of structural changes that allows the achievability of asymptotic optimal prediction. To predict under abrupt changes, our basic idea is to apply e-net to discretize a nonparametric or parametric model class with an appropriately chosen e, and then apply a kinetic model averaging over the quantizers. Under reasonable assumptions, we prove that the average predictive performance is asymptotically as good as the oracle, i.e. when all the data generating distributions are known in advance. We show that the assumptions hold for a rather wide class of time variations. The results also address some puzzles related to the “prediction-inference dilemma” in the context of change point analysis.
College-Based Dating Violence Prevention Strategies

Abstract Dating violence gained increased attention as a prevalent public health concern among college campuses. Despite its high prevalence and serious negative consequences, efforts to intervene with college dating violence have been largely unsuccessful and plagued with methodological limitations. This chapter reviews the definitions and epidemiology of college dating violence. Theoretical conceptualizations of dating violence are outlined followed by an overview of college-based dating violence prevention programming. Limitations of current research practices as well as legal, health, and policy implications for college dating violence research are discussed.
EEG Diagnosis of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a familial, neurodegenerative disease, and affects children at various ages. Epileptic seizures, encountered in LINCL, are often medically r...
Decoding International Law: Semiotics and the Humanities

Acknowledgments PART A: INTRODUCTION TO SEMIOTICS AND THE LAW Introduction Chapter 1. Legal Semiotics PART B: TERRORISM Chapter 2. A Semiotic Approach to a Legal Definition of Terrorism Chapter 3. State-Sponsored Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Role of Story-Telling as a Self-Help Remedy: Law, Literature and Semiotics PART C: CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE Chapter 4. Deconstructing nullCivil Disobediencenull: A Semiotic Definition Chapter 5. Semiotics and Martin Luther King's nullLetter from Birmingham Jailnull Chapter 6. On Civil Disobedience, Jurisprudence, Feminism and the Law in the Antigones of Sophocles and Anouilh PART D: WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS Chapter 7. The Semiotics of Women's Human Rights in Iran Chapter 8. Gendercide and the Cultural Context of Sex Trafficking in China PART E: CHILDREN'S HUMAN RIGHTS Chapter 9. The Culture of Violence: Child Soldiers, Slavery and the Trafficking of Children PART F: CULTURE AND SEMIOTICS Chapter 10. The Japanese Culture and Copyright Infringement, Defamation, and Sex Trafficking: A Study of the Fictional Life of a Geisha Chapter 11. The Impact of Culture on the Semiotics of Treaty Interpretation: How Pirates Read and Misread the Berne Convention
Critical analysis of models applied to breakup process

Experimental data demonstrate that the enhancement associated with the quasi free kinematic conditions in nuclear reactions is one of the most prominent features in a large energy interval. The experimental data onA(x, bx)B reactions have been analysed using various models: plane wave and distorted wave impulse approximations (PWIA and DWIA), modified simple impulse approximation (MSIA), several modifications of PWIA, higher order corrections in particular S-state final state interaction modifications of the PWIA, unitarized version of the truncated multiple scattering series and theAmado model.
Las imágenes mentales en la adquisición de la gramática de la segunda lengua: el caso de ‘ser’ y ‘estar’ en español

American university students of Spanish are exposed to mental image associations to differentiate the uses of the verbs ‘ser’ and ‘estar’. The uses of these verbs present special challenges to English speakers for whom the verb ‘to be’ is generally used for both ‘ser’ and ‘estar’. This study demonstrates that students with only brief exposure to visual images associated with the uses of ‘ser’ and ‘estar’ show a greater improvement in their ability to distinguish the correct use of each verb over students without such exposure. The study results point out the value of even a short exposure to mental images and visual associations to increase the learning capacity of students for especially difficult points of grammar in a second language. The study can be replicated and applied to other grammatical difficulties in the learning of Spanish and other second languages.
Analyzing Experimental Data Using Regression: When is Bias a Practical Concern?

Experimental researchers routinely use regression in order to control for pre-treatment covariates. This practice has become controversial in the wake of recent demonstrations showing that this type of regression is prone to bias in small samples. Bias may even remain when units are sampled from a larger population of infnite size. This paper uses a combination of simulated and actual examples to show that, as a practical matter, bias tends to be negligible when the sample size is greater than 20. When bias does occur, it tends to be small in relation to the standard error of the estimated average treatment effect.
Meta-Analysis of Carvedilol for the Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Anthracycline is a commonly prescribed antineoplastic agent. As a consequence of the growing number of cancer survivors, the incidence of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is increasing. However, the optimal primary preventive strategy is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of carvedilol for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted. The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of low left ventricular ejection fraction, and the absolute change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), respectively. We calculated the odds ratios for the primary outcome and the weighted mean differences for the secondary outcomes using a random-effects model. We included 8 randomized controlled trials (633 total patients). Our results showed significantly reduced rates of low LVEF favoring the carvedilol group (3.2% vs 5.8%; odds ratios: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.99; p = 0.05). Furthermore, there were significantly smaller reductions in LVEF in carvedilol-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients (mean differences: 2.41%; 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 4.81; p = 0.05). In conclusion, prophylactic administration of carvedilol in anthracycline-treated cancer patients may reduce the early onset of left ventricular dysfunction compared with placebo.
Digitalisierung von Geschäftsmodellen – Auswirkung auf IP und Verrechnungspreisstruktur

Most “things,” from alarm clocks to Zambonis, the human body included, have long operated largely “dark,” with their location, position, and functional state unknown or even unknowable. No longer, thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), a suite of technologies and associated business processes that allow us to track and count, observe and identify, evaluate and act in circumstances heretofore effectively invisible and beyond reach.
The Factor Structure of the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS) in a Sample of Community Mental Health Clinicians

Treatment fidelity is an essential outcome of implementation research. The gold standard measure for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) fidelity is the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS). Despite its widespread use in research and training programs, the structure of the CTRS has not been examined in a sample of community mental health clinicians with adult and child clients. The current study addressed this gap. The sample consisted of 355 clinicians and 1298 CBT sessions scored using the CTRS. High interrater reliability was observed and factor analysis yielded separate structures for child and adult treatment sessions. These structures were not consistent with previous factor analyses conducted on the scale. Findings suggest that the CTRS is a reliable measure of CBT in community mental health settings but that its structure may depend on the clinical population measured. Additionally, the factor structure can provide guidance for delivering feedback in training and supervision settings.
How Language Defines “Learning”: A Classroom View

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] “Learning” is defined and constructed in classrooms as teachers and students interact through the use of language. As such, “learning” is situated language practices. Theories of socially- constructed uses of language and interactions provide foundation for this work. Through a microethnographic discourse analysis, the findings show a teacher and students constructing shared cultural models of “learning,” holding each other accountable to particular academic and pedagogical practices as well as uses of academic language. The teacher employed linguistic strategies to make visible and engage students in the academic language and “thinking” practices that counted as “learning.”
Aquaticus: publicly available datasets from a marine human-robot teaming testbed

In this paper, we introduce publicly available human-robot teaming datasets captured during the summer 2018 season using our Aquaticus testbed. Our Aquaticus testbed is designed to examine the interactions between human-human and human-robot teammates while situated in the marine environment in their own vehicles. In particular, we assess these interactions while humans and fully autonomous robots play a competitive game of capture the flag on the water. Our testbed is unique in that the humans are situated in the field with their fully autonomous robot teammates in vehicles that have similar dynamics. Having a competition on the water reduces the safety concerns and cost of performing similar experiments in the air or on the ground. By having the competitions on the water, we create a complex, dynamic, and partially observable view of the world for participants while in their motorized kayak. The main modality for teammate interaction is audio to better simulate the experience of real-world tactical situations - ie fighter pilots talking to each other over radios. We have released our complete datasets publicly so that we can enable researchers throughout the HRI community that do not have access to such a testbed and may have expertise other than our own to leverage our datasets to perform their own analysis and contribute to the HRI community.
From Keynes Back to Smith and Aristotle: Liquidity Preference, Hoarding, and Speculation

Aristotle, basing his work on Plato (Socrates), was the first to clearly, explicitly and technically identify how an economy at the macro level could fail. There were four possible ways of analyzing the impact of exchange, one without money and three with money. Aristotle’s literary discussion and analysis can be summarized by these four equations-C-C’ (Barter-no money used), C-M-C’ (medium of exchange function of money - using money to assist and expedite the production of consumer and producer goods), M-C-M’ (commodity speculation-real estate and stock bubbles), and M-M’ (usury; hoarding; accumulation of money; using money to make money without any production of consumer and producer goods). Problems are generated at the macro level if speculative and rentier behavior comes to dominant economic behavior, which is aimed at using money to facilitate the production of consumer and producer goods at the micro level. Keynes recognized where Aristotle’s analysis led to. It led to Keynes’s theory of liquidity preference (propensity to hoard) explanation of the rate of interest. Basically, Keynes’s IS equation is a development of Aristotle’s C-M-C’ function, where money is used to facilitate the production of consumer and producer goods. Keynes’s liquidity preference function, LP(LM), is a development of Aristotle’s M-C-M’ and M-M’ equations. Of course, Smith had gotten to the core of Aristotle’s theory of money and the consequent economic problems that resulted from its misuse with his distinction between the sober people and the Projectors, Imprudent Risk takers and Prodigals. The Sober people used money as in C-M-C’ while the Projectors, Imprudent Risk takers and Prodigals used money as described by the M-C-M’ and M-M’ equations. Thus, Smith developed Aristotle’s theory while Keynes developed Smith’s theory. Keynes’s speculators and rentiers are Smith’s Projectors, Imprudent Risk takers and Prodigals, which are Aristotle’s users of money explained by the M-C-M’ and M-M’ equations. Smithian and Keynesian economics are best understood as technical developments of Aristotle’s development of Plato (Socrates). Aristotle, Smith and Keynes all linked the macroscopic problems of deflation and inflation, resulting primarily from a constant and repeated series of bubbles, to the behavior of Projectors, Imprudent Risk takers and Prodigals, who had obtained the aid of the private banking system. The problem will continue to repeat indefinitely until the Central Bank is retaken by representatives of the Sober people and the banking policies of 1934-1978 reinstituted with stronger firewalls incorporated to prevent the central bank from ever being captured again by Wall Street, which represents the modern version of Smith’s Projectors, Imprudent Risk takers and Prodigals.
Noninvasive In Vivo Quantification of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9-Mediated Expression of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter Under Hindlimb Ischemia and Neuraminidase Desialylation in Skeletal Muscle Using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Background We propose micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of the hNIS (human sodium/iodide symporter) to noninvasively quantify adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene expression in a murine model of peripheral artery disease. Methods AAV9-hNIS (2×1011 viral genome particles) was injected into nonischemic or ischemic gastrocnemius muscles of C57Bl/6J mice following unilateral hindlimb ischemia ± the α-sialidase NA (neuraminidase). Control nonischemic limbs were injected with phosphate buffered saline or remained noninjected. Twelve mice underwent micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging after serial injection of pertechnetate (99mTcO4-), a NIS substrate, up to 28 days after AAV9-hNIS injection. Twenty four animals were euthanized at selected times over 1 month for ex vivo validation. Forty-two animals were imaged with 99mTcO4- ± the selective NIS inhibitor perchlorate on day 10, to ascertain specificity of radiotracer uptake. Tissue was harvested for ex vivo validation. A modified version of the U-Net deep learning algorithm was used for image quantification. Results As quantitated by standardized uptake value, there was a gradual temporal increase in 99mTcO4- uptake in muscles treated with AAV9-hNIS. Hindlimb ischemia, NA, and hindlimb ischemia plus NA increased the magnitude of 99mTcO4- uptake by 4- to 5-fold compared with nonischemic muscle treated with only AAV9-hNIS. Perchlorate treatment significantly reduced 99mTcO4- uptake in AAV9-hNIS-treated muscles, demonstrating uptake specificity. The imaging results correlated well with ex vivo well counting (r2=0.9375; P Conclusions Micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of hNIS-mediated 99mTcO4- uptake allows for accurate in vivo quantification of AAV9-driven gene expression, which increases under ischemic conditions or neuraminidase desialylation in skeletal muscle.
Fishes associating with shallow water echinoids at Roatán, Honduras

We studied the association of 11 species of fishes with 5 species of echinoids at Roatan, Honduras, from 27 August to 1 September 2017. Fishes associated most frequently with the echinoid Diadema antillarum (34.3% of echinoids, six fish species, n = 146 echinoids), followed by Echinometra viridis (25.0%, three fish species, n = 12), Echinometra lucunter (7.5%, ten fish species, n = 1,834), Eucidaris tribuloides (3.4%, four fish species, n = 116), and Tripneustes ventricosus (7.1%, one fish species, n = 28). Of 196 fishes seeking shelter beside echinoids, Malacoctenus aurolineatus was the most common (41.8% of fishes, three echinoid species), followed by Stegastes adustus (38.8%, three echinoid species), Stegastes diencaeus (6.6%, three echinoid species), Sargocentron coruscum (6.1%, five echinoid species), Chaetodon capistratus (1.5%, one echinoid species), Gobioclinus filamentosus (1.5%, one echinoid species), Pomacanthus paru (1.0%, two echinoid species), Labrisomus nuchipinnis (1.0%, two echinoid species), Equetus punctatus (0.5%, one echinoid species), Microspathodon chryurus (0.5%, one echinoid species), and Thalassoma bifasciatum (0.5%, one echinoid species). None of the fishes associated exclusively with echinoids or was specialized for associating with echinoids, indicating the association was facultative. All fishes were small (< 12 cm). Fishes associated most frequently with the longest-spined echinoid, D. antillarum, supporting the hypothesis that fishes seek shelter among the spines of echinoids to benefit from increased protection from predation.
Multi-die Integration Using Advanced Packaging Technologies

This paper presents a review of 2-D and 3-D multi-die integration technologies and focuses on on-package multi-die co-integration to create new types of system platforms. These dice may or may not be implemented in the same technology process. The paper first presents the challenges of process scaling and coexistence of logic, IO, and RF, and discusses new system/platform requirements from emerging applications. Following the motivation, a review of multi-die integration technologies with a focus on-package 2-D and 3-D multi-die integration and process enhancements for its support is provided. Finally, we present three new multi-die platforms which embody recent innovations in system platform integration to create new FPGA and CPU architectures which can be used to efficiently implement AI, HPC, and machine learning algorithms.
Chapter 15 – The History of Nuclear Energy

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a historical account of nuclear energy. A series of investigations in atomic and nuclear physics in the period 1879–1939 led to the discovery of fission. New knowledge was developed about particles and rays, radioactivity, and the structures of the atom and the nucleus. The existence of fission suggested that a chain reaction involving neutrons was possible and that the process had military significance. A major national program was initiated in the United States during World War II. The development of uranium isotope separation methods, of nuclear reactors for plutonium production, and of weapons technology culminated in the use of atomic bombs to end the war. In the post-war period, emphasis was placed on maintenance of nuclear protection and on peaceful applications of nuclear processes under the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Four reactor concepts—the pressurized water, boiling water, fast breeder, and gas cooled—evolved through work by national laboratories and industry. The first two concepts were brought to commercial status in the 1960s. Public support for nuclear power waned for a variety of reasons in the late 20th century but has increased markedly in recent years.
Strain sensing using flexible surface acoustic wave sensor

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer overwhelming advantages over other competitive sensing technologies due to its small size, cost-effectiveness, fast response time, passive and wireless capabilities. Development of SAW sensors allows investigation of their potential not only for measuring less-time dependent parameters, such as pressure and temperature, but also dynamic parameters like mechanical strains. The concept behind this work is to develop a passive flexible SAW sensor with optimized materials selection that can be used in harsh environments to measure mechanical strains occurring in aerospace applications. A flat 0-3 composite thin substrate is fabricated using a hot-press, an interdigital transducer (IDT) finger deposition is made through additive manufacturing. The sensor substrate comprises polyvinylidene fluoride as a polymer matrix, lead zirconate titanate powders as well as carbon nanotubes as nanoparticle fillers, exhibiting favorable flexibility and piezoelectric properties. The electromechanical property is enhanced using a non-contact corona poling technique with high electric field. IDT fingers are printed using direct printing additive manufacturing technique of conductive paste. Design parameters of SAW IDTs are optimized using a second-order transmission matrix approach. Rayleigh waves, generated on the fabricated substrate by an RF excitation signal, travel through the substrate and can provide useful information for desired parameters. In this work the sensing mechanism is based on the radio frequency scattering parameters response of the device. Results show a correlation between the amplitude and phase frequency response of the scattering parameters, and the mechanical strain. Experimental study on SAW substrate fabrication and analysis of sensed results with phase shift in wave speed due to strains are discussed.
Feasibility and Value of Establishing a Community-Based Virtual Multidisciplinary Sarcoma Case Conference

PURPOSE:Management of soft tissue and bone sarcoma presents many challenges, both diagnostically and therapeutically, and requires multidisciplinary collaboration; however, such collaboration is of...
The Drosophila melanogaster Rab GAP RN-tre cross-talks with the Rho1 signaling pathway to regulate nonmuscle myosin II localization and function

The Rab GAP RN-tre regulates the activity, coalescence, and function of nonmuscle myosin II in Drosophila melanogaster cells through cross-talk with the Rho1 signaling pathway. This regulation is p...
Tabular Model: Advanced Operations and pandas

This chapter introduces advanced operations to mutate, group, and aggregate tabular data, as well as concatenating, joining, and merging different tables together. We explain these operations conceptually and illustrate them in “pandas.”
Range of motion following percutaneous fixation of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture is independent of anterior osseous fragment resorption.

Objectives To understand postoperative resorption of the anterior osseous fragment following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures and its effect on final range of motion (ROM). Methods Eighty-six patients that underwent CRPP had sagittal and or axial plane deformities resulting in an anterior fragment. Humerocapitellar angle (HCA), anterior humeral line (AHL) and angle of rotation (AoR) were measured. Results A total of 11 (12.8%) patients failed to resorb the anterior fragment, 10 (90.9%) had satisfactory ROM. HCA initially was acceptable in 40 (46.5%) patients, and 37 (92.5%) demonstrated acceptable ROM. Final HCA was acceptable in 44 (51.2%) patients and 42 (95.4%) had acceptable final ROM. AHL was in the anterior third of the capitellum in 35 (40.6%) patients and 33 (94.3%) had acceptable ROM. Final AHL was in the anterior third of the capitellum in 43 (50.0%) patients and 41 (95.3%) had acceptable final ROM. No difference was found between acceptable ROM and HCA or AHL at either follow-up.Sixty-five and 21 patients had an AoR of 0° and between 23 and 36°, respectively. A total of 59 (90.7%) patients with an AoR of 0°, and 18 (85.7%) patients with an AoR of 23-36° displayed acceptable ROM. A total of 57 (87.7%) patients with an AoR of 0° and 18 (85.7%) with an AoR of 23-36° resorbed the anterior fragment. No association was found between rotational deformity and postoperative ROM or fragment resorption. Conclusion Postoperative sagittal and axial plane alignment, HCA, AHL, AoR and resorption of the anterior osseous fragment does not correlate with final ROM.
Human Adult Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes and Articular Chondrocytes Exhibit Prominent Overlap in Their Transcriptomic Signatures.

Objectives Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and articular chondrocytes (AC) derive from a common pool of embryonic precursor cells. They are currently believed to engage in largely distinct differentiation programs to build synovium and articular cartilage and maintain healthy tissues throughout life. We tested this hypothesis by deeply characterizing and comparing their transcriptomic attributes. Methods We profiled the transcriptomes of freshly isolated AC, synovium, primary FLS, and dermal fibroblasts from healthy adult humans using bulk RNA sequencing assays and downloaded published single-cell RNA sequencing data from freshly isolated human FLS. We integrated all data to define cell-specific signatures and validated findings with quantitative reverse transcription PCR of human samples and RNA hybridization of mouse joint sections. Results We identified 212 AC and 168 FLS markers on the basis of exclusive or enriched expression in either cell and 294 AC/FLS markers on the basis of similar expression in both cells. AC markers included joint-specific and pan-cartilaginous genes. FLS and AC/FLS markers featured 37 and 55 joint-specific genes, respectively, and 131 and 239 pan-fibroblastic genes, respectively. These signatures included many previously unrecognized markers with potentially important joint-specific roles. AC/FLS markers overlapped in their expression patterns among all FLS and AC subpopulations, suggesting that they fulfill joint-specific properties in all, rather than in discrete, AC and FLS subpopulations. Conclusion This study broadens knowledge and identifies a prominent overlap of the human adult AC and FLS transcriptomic signatures. It also provides data resources to help further decipher mechanisms underlying joint homeostasis and degeneration and to improve the quality control of tissues engineered for regenerative treatments.
Acute lacunar infarct in an obese adolescent with obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in adults. However, this association has not been well established in the pediatric populati...
Evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in infants presenting with skull fractures: a retrospective review.

Objective Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is one of the leading causes of serious injury and death among young children in the United States, with a high proportion of head injury. Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety of discharge of infants with isolated skull fractures (ISFs); however, these same studies have noted that those infants with suspected abuse should not be immediately discharged. The authors aimed to create a standardized protocol for evaluation of infants presenting with skull fractures to our regional level I pediatric trauma center to best identify children at risk. Methods A protocol for evaluation of NAT was developed by our pediatric trauma committee, which consists of evaluation by neurosurgery, pediatric surgery, and ophthalmology, as well as the pediatric child protection team. Social work evaluations and a skeletal survey were also utilized. Patients presenting over a 2-year period, inclusive of all infants younger than 12 months at the time of presentation, were assessed. Factors at presentation, protocol compliance, and the results of the workup were evaluated to determine how to optimize identification of children at risk. Results A total of 45 infants with a mean age at presentation of 5.05 months (SD 3.14 months) were included. The most common stated mechanism of injury was a fall (75.6%), followed by an unknown mechanism (22.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were swelling over the fracture site (25 patients, 55.6%), followed by vomiting (5 patients, 11.1%). For the entire population of patients with skull fractures, there was suspicion of NAT in 24 patients (53.3% of the cohort). Among the 30 patients with ISFs, there was suspicion of NAT in 13 patients (43.3% of the subgroup). Conclusions Infants presenting with skull fractures with intracranial findings and ISFs had a substantial rate of concern for the possibility of nonaccidental skull fracture. Although prior studies have demonstrated the relative safety of discharging infants with ISFs, it is critical to establish an appropriate standardized protocol to evaluate for infants at risk of abusive head trauma.
The Effects of Egg Windowing on the Viability and Longevity of Gallus gallus Embryos in an Undergraduate Teaching Lab

The observation and manipulation of chicken embryos in ovo has been useful for understanding the development of vertebrates. However, the viability and longevity of the embryos are severely compromised even by simple manipulations to the egg shell. We have explored experimental protocols that promote the viability of embryos in ovo and ex ovo for use in an undergraduate teaching laboratory setting. Here, we demonstrate that a modified in ovo windowing technique increases survival time over an ex ovo method but with concomitant loss of spatial and temporal examination of chick embryo development.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in solid organ transplant recipients.

Antibody responses among immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be diminished compared to the general population and have not been fully characterized. We conducted a cohort study at our transplant center to investigate the rate of seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among SOT recipients who were diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and underwent serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. The 61 patients who were included in the final analysis underwent initial SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing at a median of 62 days (Interquartile range 55.0-75.0) from symptom onset. Note that, 51 of 61 patients (83.6%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG results, whereas 10 (16.4%) had negative IgG results. Six (60%) out of 10 seronegative patients underwent serial IgG testing and remained seronegative up to 17 weeks post-diagnosis. Use of belatacept in maintenance immunosuppression was significantly associated with negative IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 both in univariate and multivariate analyses (Odds ratio 0.04, p = .01). In conclusion, the majority of organ transplant recipients with COVID-19 in our study developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Further longitudinal studies of the durability and immunologic role of these IgG responses and the factors associated with lack of seroconversion are needed.