cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial Load-Pull Extrapolation Using Deep Image Completion

Many search and optimization techniques are influenced by the choice of initial starting location, including power amplifier circuit optimization. Intelligent choice of an initial starting location relies upon some understanding of the underlying search space. Given a small sample of the search space, deep learning image completion techniques can be utilized to extrapolate an understanding of the entire search space. This extrapolation can be used in lieu of a traditional search algorithm or can inform the selection of a starting location for a complete optimization. Using the techniques of this work applied to as few as nine sampled measurements, the optimum amplifier gain can be estimated with a typical error of < 0.6 dB and the corresponding load reflection coefficient can be estimated to a typical distance of < 0.2 linear units, with improved accuracy with larger measurement sample sizes.
APOE ε4 and resting-state functional connectivity in racially/ethnically diverse older adults

Introduction Numerous neuroimaging studies demonstrated an association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of regions within the default mode network (DMN), both in healthy populations and patients with AD. It remains unclear whether the APOE e4 allele differentially affects the brain's functional network architecture across race/ethnicity. Methods We investigated rsFC within DMN subsystems in 170 APOE e4 carriers compared to 387 APOE e4 non-carriers across three major racial/ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic Whites (n = 166), non-Hispanic Blacks (n = 185), and Hispanics (n = 206) from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Results Compared to APOE e4 non-carriers, APOE e4 carriers had lower rsFC in temporal DMN, but only in non-Hispanic Whites. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic APOE e4 carriers had slightly higher or similar rsFC compared with non-Hispanic White APOE e4 non-carriers. Discussion These findings suggest that APOE e4 modulates DMN rsFC differently in non-Hispanic Whites compared with non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics.
Single-cell transcriptome conservation in a comparative analysis of fresh and cryopreserved human skin tissue: pilot in localized scleroderma

The purpose of this study was to assess variability in cell composition and cell-specific gene expression in the skin of patients with localized scleroderma (LS) utilizing CryoStor® CS10 in comparison to RPMI to produce adequate preservation of tissue samples and cell types of interest for use in large-scale multi-institutional collaborations studying localized scleroderma and other skin disorders. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on paired skin biopsy specimens from 3 patients with LS. Each patient with one sample cryopreserved in CryoStor® CS10 and one fresh in RPMI media using 10× Genomics sequencing. Levels of cell viability and yield were comparable between CryoStor® CS10 (frozen) and RPMI (fresh) preserved cells. Furthermore, gene expression between preservation methods was collectively significantly correlated and conserved across all 18 identified cell cluster populations. Comparable cell population and transcript expression yields between CryoStor® CS10 and RPMI preserved cells support the utilization of cryopreserved skin tissue in single-cell analysis. This suggests that employing standardized cryopreservation protocols for the skin tissue will help facilitate multi-site collaborations looking to identify mechanisms of disease in disorders characterized by cutaneous pathology.
Using Open-Source Software Defined Radio Platforms for Empirical Characterization of Man-Made Impulsive Noise

The paper discusses the use of affordable software-defined radio (SDR) platforms for measuring and characterizing man-made noise with impulsive components using Middleton noise models. For illustration, numerical results from a case study are presented, in which man-made noise is measured at three different locations corresponding to three distinct types of radio-frequency (RF) environments, and for which the parameters of the underlying Middleton Class A impulsive noise model are derived. The study demonstrates one of the many applications of SDR platforms, whose versatility enables dedicated noise measurements systems that can be configured through software.
Антиишемический эффект и изменение кардиодинамики под влиянием низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения у больных стенокардией по сравнению с действием обзидана

Purpose: to estimate the anti-anginal effect and to assess changes in hemodynamic parameters in patients with angina pectoris (AP) under low-intensive laser irradiation and to compare them with those under Obsidan preparation administration. Materials and methods. 70 males with AP of functional class I–IV were enrolled in the study and randomized into 2 equivalent groups: Group 1 – patients who took Obsidan; Group 2 — patients who were treated with infrared laser light. Patients were examined at the initial stage-one hour after 40 mg Obsidan take (Group 1), and one month after 10-day course of laser therapy (LT) (Group 2). All patients had echocardiography and cycle ergometric test. Results. The performed examinations showed a statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance in patients of LT group and Obsidan group by 35.0% and 34.1%, respectively. It should be noted that echocardiographic indicators had unidirectional, statistically significant shifts characterized by improvements in the myocardial inotropic function: decrease in the end-systolic volume by 17.9% and 18.8%, increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction from 50.3 ± 6.2 to 55.7 ± 5.8% and from 46.3 ± 4.3 to 50.1 ± 6.1 after LT and Obsidan , respectively. The optimal diastolic cardiac function was confirmed by the reduced time of myocardium isometric relaxation from 112.9 ± 24.3 to 94.3 ± 25.3 ms (p=0.012) under LT and from 110.3 ± 22.7 to 97.3 ± 19.3 ms under Obsidan (p=0.012). Results of the exercise tolerance test indicated the activation of cardiac economy mechanisms in both groups. Conclusion. Low-intensive LT had an impact at the cardiac activity similar to that of Obsidan. Moreover, it also has the equal anti-ischemic effect what may be explained by the decrease of energy expenditure during physical activity in patients with AP.
The Structure of Fishing Systems and the Implementation of Management Policy

Management policies that achieve desired results are difficult to design. This is particularly true in multispecies fisheries where policies are developed on a single species basis and the economic reasons for existing operating structures are ignored. This paper discusses the problem of effort control in the multispecies groundfishery of Oregon, arguing that an understanding of the economic structure of the fishery as a system is a necessary precondition for successful management. To reflect the economic structure of the fishery, functional groupings of landings data are made by season and operating strategy. Resultant catch mixes exhibit strong seasonality, distinct differences in species composition, and a reduced variability in revenues earned. These properties suggest that catch mixes are an important element of economic structure and that a data base organized along single-species lines is inappropriate for management decisions. They further suggest that an explicit recognition of the economic structure of a fishery will lead to better anticipation of both management impacts and fishermen’s response, and thereby to more effective policy implementation.
Automatic Vehicle-Following

Vehicle following and its effects on traffic flow has been an active area of research. Human driving involves reaction times, delays and human errors that affect traffic flow adversely. One way to elliminate human errors and delays in vehicle following is to replace the human driver with a computer control system and sensors. The purpose of this paper is to come up with a control system for automatic vehicle following, examine its effect on traffic flow and compare its performance with that of the human driver models. We proposed a control law for automatic vehicle following that is not cooperative i.e. it does not exchange information with other vehicles and yet is free of oscillations and slinky-effects. The ellimination of the slinky-effect is achieved by using a safety distance separation rule that is proportional to the vehicle velocity (constant time headway). The performance of automatic vehicle following is found to be superior to that of the human driver models considered. It has a faster and better transient response that leads to a much smoother and faster traffic flow. Traffic flow rates can be improved considerably with automation due to the ellimination of human delays and errors and the potential of using smaller and safer intervehicle spacings than those assumed by human drivers.
On the Proportional Odds Model in Survival Analysis

The proportional odds (PO) model with its property of convergent hazard functions is of considerable value in modeling survival data with non-proportional hazards. This paper explores the structure, implications, and properties of the PO model. Results proved include connections with geometric minima and maxima, ageing characteristics, and bounds on mean and variance of survival times.
Influence of profiles on DC insulator performance under polluted conditions

A dynamic model is used to investigate the effect of insulator profiles on DC pollution flashover voltage. The purpose is to aid in the design of insulators by supplementing laboratory and field measurements by an analytical model. The model computes the pollution flashover voltage (FOV) for a given degree of salinity by simulating the arc propagation along the leakage path. The change in the arc resistance and other quantities are calculated dynamically. It is observed that insulators with alternate long and short underribs and a wider gap between the rib tips have higher FOVs than other designs. It is seen that the influence of diameter on the FOV and hence on mm/kV is appreciable irrespective of the type of profile. >
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer Is Augmented in Basilar and Carotid Arteries of Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

Background and Purpose —There are major differences in susceptibility of intracranial and extracranial arteries to atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to examine adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to basilar and carotid arteries of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, which have spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and normal New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. We used 2 different adenoviral vectors, driven by either cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoters. Methods —Basilar and carotid arteries were removed from WHHL and NZW rabbits and cut into rings. The arteries were incubated with an adenoviral vector that expresses β-galactosidase and is driven by either a cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter (AdCMVβgal or AdRSVβgal). Arteries were incubated with virus for 2 hours, and then incubated in medium for 24 hours to allow expression of transgene. Transgene expression was assessed by enzyme activity (Galacto-Light assay) and by a histochemical method after X-Gal staining. Results —After gene transfer, β-galactosidase was expressed in endothelium and adventitia but not media. There were moderately severe atherosclerotic lesions in carotid arteries and early lesions in basilar arteries. Enzyme activity after gene transfer with AdCMVβgal (3×1011 particles/mL) was greater in the basilar artery of WHHL than NZW (137±40 versus 25±10 mU/mg protein, P <0.05) (mean±SE) and in the carotid artery (133±27 versus 34±11 mU/mg protein, P <0.05). After gene transfer with AdRSVβgal, transgene expression was similar in arteries from WHHL and normal NZW rabbits. Conclusions —This is the first study to examine gene transfer to intracranial and extracranial arteries from atherosclerotic animals. The findings suggest that an adenoviral vector with a CMV, but not RSV, promoter provides greater transgene expression in the basilar and carotid arteries from spontaneously atherosclerotic rabbits than from normal rabbits.
Scattering theory relevant to the linear transport of particle swarms

The long-time behavior of the velocity distribution of a spatially uniform diluted guest population of charged particles moving within a host medium under the influence of a D.C. electric field is studied within the framework of scattering theory. We prove the existence of wave and scattering operators for a simplified one-dimensional model of the linearized Boltzmann equation. The theory is applied to the study of the long-term behavior of electrons and the occurrence of traveling waves in runaway processes.
Modeling the ductile fracture process of void coalescence by void-sheet formation

Ductile fracture of engineering alloys frequently occurs by a mechanism of void coalescence in which void-sheets form between the primary voids. Based on the microstructural features that control failure of HY-100 steel, computational modeling has been performed to examine the deformation localization behavior between primary voids and to predict ductile fracture by the void-sheet coalescence mechanism. Elongated inclusion-initiated voids are simulated as two distinct, hole-like voids on a plane inclined to the stress axis based on the inclined nature of the fracture surface. Consistent with experimental behavior, the micro-mechanical model identifies a strong tendency for strain localization between the voids (and therefore void-sheet failure) but only at a high degree of stress triaxiality. Furthermore, based on the formation of a secondary void population, the analysis also predicts with reasonable accuracy both the magnitude and stress-state dependence of the experimentally determined failure strains.
Radiosurgery performed with the aid of a 3-mm collimator in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra of the vervet monkey.

Object. Radiosurgery for functional neurosurgery performed using a linear accelerator (LINAC) has not been extensively characterized in preclinical studies. In the present study, the properties of a newly designed 3-mm-diameter collimator were evaluated in a dedicated LINAC, which produced lesions in the basal ganglia of vervet monkeys. Lesion formation was determined in vivo in three animals by examining magnetic resonance (MR) images to show the dosedelivery precision of targeting and the geometry and extent of the lesions. Postmortem immunohistochemical studies were conducted to determine the extent of lesion-induced radiobiological effects. Methods. In three male vervet monkeys, the subthalamic nucleus (STN; one animal) and the pars compacta of the lateral substantia nigra (SN; two animals) were targeted by a Novalis Shaped Beam Surgery System that included a 3-mm collimator and delivered a maximum dose of 150 Gy. Magnetic resonance images obtained 4, 5, and 9 months posttreatment were reviewed, and t...
Frequency of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use and Change in Hemoglobin A1C for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in a Clinical Practice Setting.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use and change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) alone in adults with type 1 diabetes in a clinical practice setting.Methods: We retrospectively identified 66 adult type 1 diabetes patients at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes (BDC) who first initiated CGM between 2006 and 2011 and 67 controls using SMBG. The frequency of CGM use was estimated from survey recall and defined as the mean number of days/month of CGM use during a maximum follow-up of 10 months. Change in HbA1c was calculated as the difference between the baseline value and the lowest follow-up value.Results: The mean change in HbA1c for CGM users was -0.48% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.67, -0.28) and for SMBG users was -0.37% (95% CI: -0.56, -0.18). The between-group mean difference in change in HbA1c, adjusted for patient characteristics, was -0.11% (95% CI: -0.38, 0.16), whereas the subgroup with a baseline HbA1c ...
Cytochemical studies on the chromatin elimination in solenobia (Lepidoptera)

The chemical nature of the elimination chromatin in the first maturation division ofSolenobia was investigated with the Feulgen reaction, by staining with methyl green-pyronin. with toluidine blue before and after treatment with ribonuclease and cold perchloric acid, with the Hotchkiss periodic acid-Schiff test, and the Millon reaction.
Dynamic plastic deformation of an infinite plate

Abstract A solution is derived for the dynamic plastic response of an infinite plate subjected to a general axisymmetric pressure pulse which varies both with position and time and is applied to a time-varying area of the plate. An approximation formula is obtained for the final plastic deformation in terms of simple integrals of the loading.
Some biochemical characteristics of L1210 cell lines resistant to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine and with increased sensitivity to methotrexate

L1210 cells resistant to 6MP and 6TG exhibit increased sensitivity to MTX compared to the parent line. The differential response of parent and purine analog-resistant cell lines to MTX is not due to host influences, for both L1210/6MP and L1210/6TG cell lines are cross-resistant to 6-MeMPR, an inhibitor of de novo synthesis, and cultured L1210/6MP cells are more sensitive to MTX than the parent cell line. Following treatment of tumor-bearing mice with MTX, the drug concentration in L1210/6TG cells was about 50% greater than in L1210/0 cells for 24 hr and may account, wholly or in part, for the increased sensitivity of the L1210/6TG cell line to MTX. L1210/6MP cells, however, accumulated less MTX than L1210/0 cells, indicating that an equivalent mechanism is not operative in these cells. DHFR activity in L1210/6TG cells was the same as that in L1210/0 cells, but activity in L1210/6MP cells was lower by 60%. Cultured L1210/6MP cells also exhibited a deficiency in DHFR activity as compared to the parent cell line. The sensitivity of the enzyme to MTX was the same for all three cell lines propagated in vivo. Therefore, the increased sensitivity of the L1210/6MP cell line to MTX may be due, in part, to decreased DHFR activity. Significantly lower levels of GTP + GDP and CTP in 6TG-resistant cells than in parent cells 4 hr after the administration of MTX to tumor-bearing mice may be related to the increased MTX sensitivity of these cells. Our results indicate that the observed alterations in drug sensitivity are associated with more than one biochemical change and that these changes are different in the two purine analog-resistant cell lines.
The influence of impression management scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory in the epilepsy monitoring unit

Abstract The Somatic Complaints scale (SOM) and Conversion subscale (SOM-C) of the Personality Assessment Inventory perform best in classifying psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures (ES); however, the impact of positive impression management (PIM) and negative impression management (NIM) scales on SOM and SOM-C classification has not been examined. We studied 187 patients from an epilepsy monitoring unit with confirmed PNES or ES. On SOM, the best cut score was 72.5 T when PIM was elevated and 69.5 T when there was no bias. On SOM-C, when PIM was elevated, the best cut score was 67.5 T and 76.5 T when there was no bias. Negative impression management elevations (n = 9) were too infrequent to analyze separately. Despite similarities in classification accuracy, there were differences in sensitivity and specificity with and without PIM, impacting positive and negative predictive values. The presence of PIM bias generally increases positive predictive power of SOM and SOM-C but decreases negative predictive power.
Collective dynamics in highly relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Hydrodynamics with cylindrical symmetry in transverse direction and longitudinal scaling flow is employed to calculate the transverse momentum spectra of various hadrons and clusters (e.g., {pi}, {ital K}, {ital N}, {Phi}, {Lambda}, {ital d}, He) in central heavy-ion collisions at CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC energies up to p{sub T}=4 GeV. We discuss the sensitivity of these spectra with respect to the initial transverse density profile as well as to the choice of {open_quotes}freeze-out{close_quotes} hypersurface. For {radical} (s) =18A GeV (SPS energy) and p{sub T}{lt}2 GeV, overall good agreement of the p{sub T} distributions with data is found when freeze-out occurs along the T=130 MeV isotherm. Even high-p{sub T} neutral pion data can be described for a particular choice of the initial transverse density profile. It is shown that the average transverse velocity {l_angle}v{sub T}{r_angle} of heavy hadrons and hadronic clusters is a good measure for the collective flow velocity. The latter is found to be rather similar for SPS and RHIC energies, due to the {open_quotes}stall{close_quotes} of the flow within the long-lived mixed phase at RHIC. In the case of thermalization and hydrodynamical expansion, the mean transverse momentum {l_angle}p{sub T}{r_angle} increases linearly with the hadron mass. In contrast, the string modelmore » FRITIOF 7.02, which does not account for rescattering of secondary hadrons, predicts a strong dependence of {l_angle}p{sub T}{r_angle} on the quark composition of the hadron. Because of the different sensitivity to hard processes, hadrons with charm (anti)quarks acquire significantly more transverse momentum than hadrons without {ital c} (or even without s) quarks. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Piezoelectric tungsten bronze crystals for saw device applications

Abstract Piezoelectric tungsten bronze solid solution crystals Sr 1−x Ba x Nb 2 O 6 , x = 0.60, and 0.50, have successfully been grown by the Czochralski technique, and their piezoelectric and acoustical properties were investigated. The crystals have ferroelectric tetragonal tungsten bronze structure with excellent piezoelectric properties. The Sr 1−x Ba x Nb 2 O 6 solid solution crystals possess temperature-compensated orientations, and high SAW electromechanical coupling has been reported for the (001)-plate propagating along the (100) direction; its value is measured to be 180 × 10 −4 . This value is similar to the coupling found in other important orthorhombic tungsten bronze crystals such as Pb 2 KNb 5 O 15 indicating that crystals in this family are potentially important for future SAW device applications.
Does a family history of coronary heart disease modify the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in young adults

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity, a family history (FH) of coronary heart disease (CHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young adults. We we...
1506 RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW) IN THE NEWBORN ABNORMALITIES IN THE INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

The distribution of red cell volume now is displayed in histogram form on many commerdical hematology instruments. Measured as coefficient of variation, and reported as RDW, the heterogeneity of distribution of red cell size |anisocytosis| has become a useful means of classifying anemias in adults. Norms for the RDw, and its diagnostic utility, have not been established in the pediatric population. We prospectively evaluated 90 term infants to establish normal values for the RDW and then studied 2 additional groups; 16 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) and 22 premature infants (34-36 wks gestation). The mean hemoglobin, MCV and RDW for these groups are shown below: The RDW was significantly greater in the IDM group where all RDW values were greater than 22. All other infants had values less than 20.2. The RDW in the IDM group was unrelated to the infant's hemoglobin concentration or to the maximum bilirubin concentration attained. An increased RDW in the newborn should be regarded as a clue to the presence of diabetes in the mother and possibly reflects accelerated intrauterine erythropoiesis or red cell fragmentation occasioned by a microangiopathy.
Shared communication in building mathematical ideas: A longitudinal study

Abstract Students make sense of mathematical ideas using a variety of representations including physical models, pictures, diagrams, spoken words, and mathematical symbols. As students’ understanding of mathematical ideas becomes more general and abstract, there is a need to express these ideas using mathematical notation. This paper describes students’ movement from model building and personal notations to elegant use of mathematical symbols that show their understanding of advanced counting ideas. Specifically, this paper shows how earlier ideas from investigations of specific combinatorics problems (questions about making pizzas with different toppings and using cubes to build towers) are retrieved and built upon using the formal mathematical register to explain the meaning of Pascal's Identity, the addition rule of Pascal's Triangle. This analysis also shows the power of shared communication in mathematical problem solving.
Status, Gender, and Nonverbal Behavior: A Study of Structured Interactions between Employees of a Company

This study examined organizational status, defined as power and influence within a company, and gender as predictors of nonverbal behavior between employees of the company (N = 46). Participants were videotaped while performing structured tasks in dyadic interactions with two different partners. Nonverbal behaviors conveyed by the face, body, and voice quality were measured in terms of global dimensions (dominance, expressiveness, and warmth) and discrete behaviors such as smiling, nodding, gesturing, gazing, and interrupting. Status and gender effects were examined both on a within-dyads and a between-individuals basis. Although a number of status and gender effects emerged, there was no overall support for Henley’s hypothesis that differences in status can explain gender differences in nonverbal behavior. Indeed, gender and status differences did not parallel each other, and gender differences became more pronounced when status differences were controlled.
The aerodynamics of wind pollination

A number of morphologic features have evolved in evolutionarily divergent plant groups that appear to increase the efficiency of wind pollination. Among these features are the appearance of low density pollen grains, female ovulate organs that direct air currents carrying pollen toward stigmas or micropyles, and population structures with a high density of con-specifics. This paper reviews the aerodynamic theory, and the experimental and field data that are relevant to an understanding of the adaptive significance of these and other features of anemophily. Emphasis is placed on the mathematical description of the behavior of airflow patterns around ovulate organs. The efficiency of wind pollination is shown to be dictated principally by the vectoral properties of air currents created by and around ovulate organs and the physical properties of pollen that dictate their behavior as airborne particles.
Identification of high speed jittered digital interconnects using bicoherence spectra

Interference due to narrowband and broadband sources in mobile computing platforms have the capability to degrade overall wireless performance. Identification of these radio frequency interference (RFI) sources allows for mitigation and improved wireless performance. While shielding gives some immunity, interference sources operating within the same platform as sensitive radio receivers presents challenges far and above traditional electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of device integration. In this paper, bicoherence, a signal processing analysis algorithm, is used to identify the presence of high-speed interconnects in radiated platform emissions. This paper uses a practical example of RFI found in current wireless platforms and shows that detection is feasible in Gaussian and non-Gaussian additive noise environments.
TACO: Temperature-Aware Compensation for Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Time synchronization is critical for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because data fusion and duty cycling schemes all rely on synchronized schedules. Traditional synchronization protocols assume that wireless channels are available around the clock. However, this assumption is not true for WSNs deployed in intertidal zones. In this paper, we present TACO, a synchronization scheme for WSNs with intermittent wireless channels and volatile environment temperatures. TACO estimates the correlation of clock skews and temperatures by solving a constrained least squares problem, and continuously adjusts the local time with the predicted clock skews according to temperatures. Our experiment conducted in an intertidal zone shows that TACO can greatly reduce the clock drift and prolong the resynchronization intervals.
Cytological observations of the interzonal connection in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during mitosis.

Abstract The fate of so-called “interzonal connections” or “interzonal fibers” in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during mitosis has been studied. The mitotic events were followed from metaphase to telophase in different cells. The results of the present observations show that there is a structure which connects the chromosomes and which shows the same staining nature as chromosomal fibers.
Low temperature synthesis of chlorine pentafluoride using dioxygen difluoride

Abstract Chlorine pentafluoride has been prepared successfully in high purity by the fluorination of ClF 3 at −78°C with dioxygen difluoride. The yield of ClF 5 by this method is quantitative. The procedure illustrates the general utility of O 2 F 2 in high valent fluoride synthesis.
The crystal structure of anhydrous α,α-trehalose at −150°

The crystal structure of alpha,alpha-trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside), C12H22O11, is monoclinic, P2(1), Z = 2, with unit cell dimensions at -150 degrees [20 degrees] of a = 12.971(5) [13.003(5)], b = 8.229(4) [8.252(4)], c = 6.789(3) [6.799(3)] A, beta = 98.12(4) [98.33(4)]. The crystal structure was solved by using MULTAN, and refined to R = 0.059, Rw = 0.048 for 1564 intensities, measured with MoK alpha radiation. The molecular structure is very similar to that observed in the dihydrate crystals. It has approximate C2 symmetry. Both glucopyranosyl groups are in the 4C1 conformation. The linkage torsion angles, O-5-C-1-O-1-C-1, are +60.8 degrees and +60.1 degrees. The primary alcohol groups are oriented gauche/gauche and gauche/trans, as in the dihydrate structure. A comparison of the cross-polarization, magic-angle-spinning (c.p.-m.a.s.), 13C-n.m.r. spectra for powders of the crystalline anhydrous and dihydrate forms shows differences in resonances assigned to C-1 and C-4 that would not be anticipated from the results of the crystal-structure analyses.
Antibiotic prophylaxis prevents the development of a post-infectious phenotype in a new rat model of post-infectious IBS

A recent post-infectious rat model with Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 has replicated the events noted in humans with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, we test whether prophylactic treatment with the antibiotic rifaximin will prevent the development of long-term altered bowel function in this model. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Both groups were gavaged with a 1 mL solution of 108 cfu/mL of C. jejuni. However, one group was also prophylactically gavaged with a solution of rifaximin 200 mg per day for 3 days (the day before gavage, the day of gavage, and the day after gavage with C. jejuni). Fresh stool was collected from rats daily until two consecutive stool cultures were negative for C. jejuni. The rats were then housed for 3 months. At the end of 3 months, fresh stool was collected on three consecutive days to determine stool % wet weight and stool consistency on a stool score. Rats that received rifaximin antibiotic prophylaxis had a greater rate of stool shedding of C. jejuni. However, the mean duration of colonization was shorter in the rifaximin-treated group (10.3 ± 7.1 days) compared to rats receiving no prophylaxis (12.6 ± 5.9 days) (P < 0.01). After 3 months, rats that did not receive rifaximin had a greater variability in stool % wet weight (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the average stool consistency over 3 days of measurement was closer to normal in the rifaximin-treated rats, with a consistency of 1.1 ± 0.3, compared to 1.5 ± 0.4 in rats receiving no prophylaxis (P < 0.00001). Prophylactic treatment of rats with the antibiotic rifaximin in a new animal model of post-infectious IBS with C. jejuni mitigated the development of long-term altered stool form and function.
Evaluation of excess isentropic compressibilities and isochoric heat capacities

Abstract Two approximations commonly used to evaluate the ideal contribution to excess isentropic compressibilities and to excess isochoric heat capacities are compared for several binary mixtures.
Impaired Vitamin D Metabolism in CKD

Vitamin D metabolism consists of both production and catabolism, which are enzymatically driven and highly regulated. Renal vitamin D metabolism requires filtration and tubular reabsorption of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and is regulated by parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. In chronic kidney disease, renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from 25-hydroxyvitamin D is reduced. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies and epidemiologic studies of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the most abundant product of 25-hydroxyvitamin D catabolism by CYP24A1, suggest that vitamin D catabolism also is reduced. New insights into the mechanisms and regulation of vitamin D metabolism may lead to novel approaches to assess and treat impaired vitamin D metabolism in chronic kidney disease.
Fruit Laxatives and Seed Passage Rates in Frugivores: Consequences for Plant Reproductive Success

To explore how plants may influence dispersal of their own seeds by ma- nipulating the behavior and physiology of their dispersers, we studied the effect of a soluble chemical (or chemicals) in the fruits of Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae), a Costa Rican cloud forest shrub, on passage of its seeds through the guts of one of its major dispersers, the Black-faced Solitaire, Myadestes melanops (Muscicapidae: Turdinae). Using artificial fruits containing natural seeds, we found that the presence of a crude pulp extract reduced the median seed retention time by nearly 50%. Estimation of seed dispersal distance as a function of retention time suggested that more rapid seed passage results in shorter average dispersal distances, especially for seeds retained <20 min. At the same time, germination trials revealed that seeds voided rapidly were far more likely to germinate than those remaining longer in Myadestes guts. We propose that "laxative" chemical(s) in Witheringia fruits balance these positive and negative consequences of ingestion by Myadestes.
Dynamic Programming in Multiplicative Lattices

Abstract : This Memorandum demonstrates that the methods of dynamic programming may be applied to problems involving partially ordered criterion functions; specifically, the existence of optimal policies and the principle of optimality are established for a category of problems in which the criterion space is a conditionally complete multiplicative lattice. (Author)
Implications of the constant rank constraint qualification

This paper investigates properties of a parametric set defined by finitely many equality and inequality constraints under the constant rank constraint qualification (CRCQ). We show, under the CRCQ, that the indicator function of this set is prox-regular with compatible parametrization, that the set-valued map that assigns each parameter to the set defined by that parameter satisfies a continuity property similar to the Aubin property, and that the Euclidean projector onto this set is a piecewise smooth function. We also show in the absence of parameters that the CRCQ implies the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification to hold in some alternative expression of the set.
Multifaceted public outreach and cost–benefit analysis for its effectiveness validation

A heavily trafficked 4.5km highway stretch on Interstate 15 east of Los Angeles was rebuilt using two extended closures, each spanning nine days with 24/7 operations. Before and during the closures, a multifaceted, extensive, dynamic public outreach programme was implemented to gain public support for the project and to minimize inconvenience to the public. That outreach programme is described, its overall effectiveness in terms of total net benefit and traffic inconvenience during lane closures is assessed, and changes in public perception of the accelerated construction strategy resulting from the outreach programme is examined. Pre‐ and post‐construction surveys performed using the project website mirrored the findings of the traffic measurement study, indicating that the outreach programme effectively reduced traffic demand. The results of two web‐based surveys with a combined total of approximately 400 respondents indicated a dramatic change in public perception of the accelerated construction strate...
Unravelling vs Unravelling: A Memo on Competitive Equilibriums and Trade in Insurance Markets

Both Akerlof (1970) and Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) show that insurance markets may “unravel”. This memo clarifies the distinction between these two notions of unravelling in the context of a binary loss model of insurance. I show that the two concepts are mutually exclusive occurrences. Moreover, I provide a regularity condition under which the two concepts are exhaustive of the set of possible occurrences in the model. Akerlof unravelling characterises when there are no gains to trade; Rothschild and Stiglitz unravelling shows that the standard notion of competition (pure strategy Nash equilibrium) is inadequate to describe the workings of insurance markets when there are gains to trade.
Skyrme-Landau particle-particle interaction and application to 18O and 18F

Abstract Patterned after Landau's Fermi-liquid theory of nuclear matter, we develop an extension of the theory for finite nuclei. Since the particle-hole interaction V ph derived from the Skyrme-Landau HF ground state is antisymmetric and the exchange term of the phonon-induced interaction is added to V ph when the renormalization of the HF single-particles due to the particle-phonon coupling is included, the total effective particle-particle interaction is anti-symmetric. We use the newly developed Skyrme-Landau interaction SL1 to evaluate the particle-particle matrix elements in the s-, d-shells. Except for a few cases, the results agree well with those calculated from the G -matrix and those from the empirical study. The spectra of 18 O and 18 F are predicted which indicate that except for the 5 + state of 18 F, the results are similar to those obtained from the Kuo-Brown G -matrix. These results represent great improvement from predictions of the other Skyrme-type interactions which are plagued with either the anti-pairing effect or the lack of anti-symmetry in the particle-particle matrix elements.
Approaches to Death and Dying: A Cultural Comparison of Turkey and the United States

Three principles that guide the bioethics movement in the United States and other Western societies apply to the approaches of death and dying in both the United States and Turkey. These three principles, Autonomy, Beneficence, and justice, are reflected in the practices of people in both countries. The issue of autonomy is of greater concern to those in the United States, while decisions are made entirely with family and physician involvement in Turkey. Beneficence and Justice can be identified as ethical issues in both countries. Similarities with end-of-life experiences are linked by faith-based beliefs of Islam and Christianity. Differences in sociocultural influences, such as policies about advance directives in the United States, account for differences in end-of-life decision making. This article examines the spiritual, cultural, legal, and political factors that inform the experience of people in Turkey and in the United States when death is at hand.
Does nitroglycerin induce heparin resistance

We studied the possibility that intravenous nitroglycerin may produce heparin resistance both in vitro and prospectively in a group of 10 patients following coronary angioplasty. Nitroglycerin in physiologic to pharmacologic concentrations (41-250 micrograms/ml) did not produce heparin resistance in vitro as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. The maximum reduction in activated partial thromboplastin time was 7%. In patient studies, the activated partial thromboplastin time at baseline on heparin alone (93 + 22 s) was not significantly different (p = 0.61) from activated partial thromboplastin measured upon addition of nitroglycerin (94 +/- 27 s) or 30 min following cessation of the nitroglycerin infusion while continuing the same dose of heparin (91 +/- 24 s). We conclude that intravenous nitroglycerin does not induce heparin resistance in vitro or in patients during short-term administration.
p63 Is Necessary for the Activation of Human Papillomavirus Late Viral Functions upon Epithelial Differentiation

ABSTRACT The late phase of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is linked to epithelial differentiation, and we investigated the factors that regulate this process. One potential regulator is p63, a member of the p53 family of proteins, which modulates epithelial development, as well as proliferation capability, in stem cells. In this study, we examined the role of p63 in the HPV life cycle using a lentiviral knockdown system for p63. In epithelial cells, the ΔN truncated isoforms of p63 predominate, while the full-length TA isoforms are present at very low levels. Upon the differentiation of normal keratinocytes, p63 levels rapidly decreased while higher levels were retained in HPV-positive cells. Our studies indicate that reducing p63 levels in differentiated HPV-positive cells resulted in the loss of viral genome amplification and late gene expression. p63 regulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, and we determined that cyclin A, cyclin B1, cdk1, and cdc25c were reduced in p63-deficient, HPV-positive keratinocytes, which suggests a possible mechanism of action. In addition, activation of the DNA repair pathway is necessary for genome amplification, and the expression of two members, BRCA2 and RAD51, was altered in the absence of p63 in HPV-positive cells. Our studies indicate that p63 is necessary for the activation of differentiation-dependent HPV late viral functions and provide insights into relevant cellular targets.
Stratification of natural vegetation for forest and rangeland inventory using Landsat digital imagery and collateral data

Abstract Natural vegetation can be effectively classified and stratified for resource inventory purposes in a Landsat-based automated procedure which utilizes three key elements of photointerpretation—tone, texture and terrain. Inventory analysis is accomplished by employing information derived from registered spectral and digital terrain databases. Tonal information is supplied by one or more Landsat digital images, and textural information is derived from the spectral data as the standard deviation of brightness values within a small window moving across the Landsat image. Terrain data are obtained from the U.S. National Cartographic Information Center digital terrain tapes, containing information derived from 1:250 000 topographic maps. These data are used to construct a digital terrain model from which elevation, slope angle, and slope aspect are obtained. The stratification procedure uses an unsupervised clustering algorithm to identify a large number of narrowly defined classes in the multichannel d...
A dynamic model of endogenous horizontal mergers

I develop a dynamic model of mergers, where mergers, investment, entry, and exit are endogenous variables rationally chosen by firms to maximize expected future profits. This model differs from previous analyses in that it incorporates dynamics and endogenizes the merger process. The model generates reasonable predictions: allowing for mergers has the expected effect on entry, exit, investment, and surpluses; changes in tastes and technologies affect industry equilibrium in plausible ways. The results demonstrate that this type of analysis is feasible and can potentially be used as a tool for antitrust policy analysis.
Das Oxalat-Permanganatverfahren zur Bestimmung von Kupfer neben Cadmium, Arsen, Eisen oder Blei

In dieser Arbeit ist gezeigt worden, das Kupfer in Gegenwart von Cadmium bestimmt werden kanu durch Fallung als Oxalat in salpetersaurer Losung und darauf folgende Verdampfung zur Trockne, Ausziehen des Ruckstandes mit Salpetersaure, Filtration des Oxalats und Titration mit Permanganat. Eine noch genauere Bestimmung erhalt man durch Fallung des Oxalats in Gegenwart eines grosen Uberschusses an freier Essigsaure und kleiner Mengen freier Salpetersaure.
The Effects of β-Adrenergic Blockers in African Americans with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective:To review the available literature regarding the use of β-adrenergic blockers in African Americans with heart failure.Data Sources:Primary literature was located via MEDLINE (1966–January 2004). Key search terms were β-adrenergic blockers; heart failure, congestive; carvedilol; metoprolol; bisoprolol; and bucindolol.Data Synthesis:In African Americans, the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) is nearly twice that of white people. African Americans exhibit symptoms of CHF at an earlier age, develop more marked functional decline after hospitalization for CHF, and have almost a twofold higher mortality rate compared with white patients. Sympathetic nervous system activation is a key pathophysiologic response in CHF; by attenuating this system, β-blockers have been shown to decrease mortality. Unfortunately, minority populations have been underrepresented in many of the trials evaluating β-blockers. Of the 4 β-blockers assessed in CHF, bucindolol has shown detrimental effects when used in Afri...
Visualizing synaptic vesicle turnover and pool refilling driven by calcium nanodomains at presynaptic active zones of ribbon synapses

Ribbon synapses of photoreceptor cells and second-order bipolar neurons in the retina are specialized to transmit graded signals that encode light intensity. Neurotransmitter release at ribbon synapses exhibits two kinetically distinct components, which serve different sensory functions. The faster component is depleted within milliseconds and generates transient postsynaptic responses that emphasize changes in light intensity. Despite the importance of this fast release for processing temporal and spatial contrast in visual signals, the physiological basis for this component is not precisely known. By imaging synaptic vesicle turnover and Ca2+ signals at single ribbons in zebrafish bipolar neurons, we determined the locus of fast release, the speed and site of Ca2+ influx driving rapid release, and the location where new vesicles are recruited to replenish the fast pool after it is depleted. At ribbons, Ca2+ near the membrane rose rapidly during depolarization to levels >10 µM, whereas Ca2+ at nonribbon locations rose more slowly to the lower level observed globally, consistent with selective positioning of Ca2+ channels near ribbons. The local Ca2+ domain drove rapid exocytosis of ribbon-associated synaptic vesicles nearest the plasma membrane, accounting for the fast component of neurotransmitter release. However, new vesicles replacing those lost arrived selectively at the opposite pole of the ribbon, distal to the membrane. Overall, the results suggest a model for fast release in which nanodomain Ca2+ triggers exocytosis of docked vesicles, which are then replaced by more distant ribbon-attached vesicles, creating opportunities for new vesicles to associate with the ribbon at membrane-distal sites.