cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dorsal Lead Migrations in a Dystonia Patient Following Deep Brain Stimulation (P4.318)

OBJECTIVE: We report a unique case of lead migration in a dystonia patient following deep brain stimulation (DBS) BACKGROUND: DBS therapy has been expanding for the treatment of movement disorders including dystonia. The occurrence of lead migration, especially in younger populations has been an evolving concern especially with growth of the head and trunk. METHODS: The patient was diagnosed with a DYT-1 positive generalized dystonia. At age 16 he underwent frame-based MRI and microelectrode-guided bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS implantation. Post-operative MRI confirmed proper placement of the DBS leads within the GPi bilaterally. Following optimization of DBS programming, his Unified Dystonia Rating Scale score was decreased from 43 points to 22 points. However, at the age of 23, we noticed high impedance across all 4 electrodes of his right lead. Subsequently, an MRI was also performed and demonstrated a change in lead position bilaterally. Finally, he underwent removal of the failed right GPi DBS lead, and new right GPi lead was implanted. Postoperative MRI confirmed proper placement of the right DBS lead within the GPi. We assessed the leads for migration comparing them to the original implanted images. RESULTS: Based on the lead measurements, we observed that both leads were migrated (2014 compare to 2006) prior to his most recent lead replacement. His right lead migrated 2.9 mm dorsally while the left lead migrated almost 2 mm dorsally. CONCLUSIONS: The factors for the migration are unknown. The brain growth or/ and cervical dystonia symptoms may possibly be responsible, but the underlying factors are unknown. Disclosure: Dr. Hu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bona has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martinez-Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wagle Shukla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Foote has received personal compensation for activities with Medtronic as an advisory board member. Dr. Okun has received royalty payments from Demos, Humana, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, and Cambridge. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, the Smallwo
Causal interpretations from cross-sectional data : An examination of the stochastic processes involved in the relationship between a personality characteristic and coronary heart disease

Abstract We have shown that available data from a cross-sectional study is not sufficient to determine what, if any, causal relationship exists between selected personality traits and coronary heart disease. Specificially, we have shown that the observed data could have arisen from either a process where the personality trait has a beneficial effect (i.e. makes one less likely to die from CHD) or a process where it has a harmful effect (i.e. makes one more likely to develop CHD), as well as a process where it has no effect. The assumptions which would be required to choose one interpretation over another have been explicitly pointed out and discussed. It is concluded that more information is required to make a valid choice between the many alternative processes that might be associated with the observed data. Specifically, a conclusive causal analysis will always require a time variable. Mathematically stated: in a causal analysis of this type we are concerned with first derivatives with respect to time, while a cross-sectional study determines only the values of the corresponding variables at one specific time, not their derivatives. To estimate the derivatives from data requires a knowledge of the values at least two distinct times; without this an analysis depends on unverified assumptions about the derivatives. Of course, a cross-sectional study can be used to show that certain factors are unlikely to be causes of a given effect. Positive causal conclusions, however, will require observations over time.
The Mechanics of Ionic Motion in Molecular Channels

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the issue of the conduction of small ions in channels by examining a model of the system as a regular double helix of polar sources that interact with a small spherical ion, located on the helical axis. Both classical and quantum mechanical analyses are carried out to determine the energy states and possible vibrations of the ions that may be used to probe these channel conductors. Some issues associated with ionic transport across barriers and along the channel are considered in the chapter. It illustrates a sound theoretical foundation for the description of ion transport along a channel. Once this description is established, it is possible to consider refinements—interactions with channel wall vibrations and ion transfer across interfaces that control the flow of ions from solution. The chapter also examines a model for ion transport in screened, but otherwise electrically neutral channels. The models constructed assume only that the sources that make up the channel walls interact directly with the ions through various forms of ion-fixed charge forces.
Interface Constraints on Shear Band Patterns in Bonded Metallic Glass Films Under Microindentation

When using the bonded interface technique for indentation tests, the semicircular and radial shear bands can be observed on the top surfaces and bonded interfaces in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). In addition to the stress relaxation effects at the bonded interface, indentation tests on bonded BMG films on the steel platen further demonstrate the effects of the film/substrate interface on shear band patterns. The understanding of these shear band patterns will help design internal constraints to confine shear bands and thus to prevent brittle failure of BMGs. In contrast to previous studies, which connect shear band directions to principal shear stress or effective stress, as in the Mohr–Coulomb model, this article adopts the Rudnick–Rice instability theory—shear bands are a result of loss of material stability but are not a yield phenomenon. Shear band directions depend on material constitutive parameters (including Poisson’s ratio, coefficient of internal friction, and dilatancy factor) and principal stresses. Consequently, internal constraints such as the bonded interface and film/substrate interface may redistribute the stress fields and thus affect the shear band propagation directions. Finite element simulations were performed to determine the contact stress fields using continuum plasticity model. It is found that semicircular shear bands on the bonded interface follow the direction of the second principal stress, while radial shear band patterns depend on the two in-plane principal stresses. With the presence of film/substrate interfaces, the radial shear bands will be “reflected” at the interface, and the semicircular shear bands change directions and end at the interface. It should be noted that the actual stress field differs from the continuum plasticity simulations because of the strain localizations associated with shear bands. To this end, an explicit history of shear band nucleation and propagation is simulated by the free volume model, which reproduces the change from radial to semicircular shear bands when interface relaxation is introduced. These predictions agree well with our experimental observations of microindentation tests on two Zr-based BMG films laterally bonded and placed on a steel platen.
Does maternal role functioning improve with antidepressant treatment in women with postpartum depression

Abstract Aims: The ability to mother her infant is reduced in a woman with postpartum depression (PPD). Although antidepressant treatment effectively improves depressive symptoms, various domains of functioning, for example, work and relationships, do not universally improve with treatment. In this pilot study, we investigated whether maternal role functioning improved with antidepressant treatment in women with PPD. Methods: The pilot study was an exploratory analysis of a larger study. A subset of women (n = 27) from a randomized clinical trial (double-blind, 8-week trial of nortriptyline compared with sertraline) completed three outcome measures of maternal role functioning: gratification in the maternal role, the Infant Care Survey (ICS), and videotapes of maternal-infant interaction. The tapes were analyzed using the Child and Caregiver Mutual Regulation Coding Scale and Noldus Behavioral Coding Software. Results: The two antidepressants were equally efficacious in decreasing depressive symptoms and ...
Paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation and Molecular Mechanics Studies of the Chloroperoxidase–Indole Complex: Insights into the Mechanism of Chloroperoxidase-Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidation of Indole

To unravel the mechanism of chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of indole, we studied the structure of the CPO–indole complex using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements and computational techniques. The dissociation constant (KD) of the CPO–indole complex was calculated to be approximately 21 mM. The distances (r) between protons of indole and the heme iron calculated via NMR relaxation measurements and molecular docking revealed that the pyrrole ring of indole is oriented toward the heme with its 2-H pointing directly at the heme iron. Both KD and r values are independent of pH in the range of 3.0–6.5. The stability and structure of the CPO–indole complex are also independent of the concentration of chloride or iodide ion. Molecular docking suggests the formation of a hydrogen bond between the NH group of indole and the carboxyl O of Glu 183 in the binding of indole to CPO. Simulated annealing of the CPO–indole complex using r values from NMR experiments as dista...
Possible role of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase HmLAR2 in interbranch repulsion in a leech embryonic cell.

Accumulating evidence indicates that receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (rPTPs) play major roles in growth cone migration. We have previously shown that the growth cones of the multiple parallel processes of an identified leech embryonic cell, the Comb cell (CC), express high levels of a leukocyte antigen-related (LAR)-like rPTP, HmLAR2. Embryonic injection of a polyclonal antibody to the receptor's ectodomain resulted in reduced process outgrowth and in processes crossing over each other, a behavior that is seldom observed in normal or control animals. Here we present results of injecting a soluble Fc-HmLAR2 ectodomain fusion protein into embryos in order to bind the endogenous ligands of HmLAR2. Single injections of the Fc-chimeric protein into the developing embryo resulted, 12 to 24 h postinjection, in clear morphological abnormalities, ranging from abnormally directed CC processes and crossovers to apparent growth cone collapse. At later times, 2 to 5 days post injection, growth cones appeared to have recovered and processes had continued to extend, but effects of the earlier guidance errors remained, with the CCs displaying a relatively high incidence of proximal guidance errors. When injected into the germinal plate of developing embryos, the fusion protein was found to bind selectively to the processes of the CCs themselves, in contrast to control injections of Fc alone or closely related Fc-tagged proteins, which did not decorate the CCs. Double-labeling experiments revealed an early phase of Fc-HmLAR2 labeling (within 20 min after application), during which the growth cones and filopodia of the CC showed significant binding of the receptor ectodomain, and a later phase (1-2 h after injection), when most of the label was redistributed away from the growth cones and into the proximal processes of the CC. In culture, HmLAR2-transfected COS cells were found to selectively bind the Fc-recombinant protein, but not Fc-tagged proteins bearing other closely related receptor ectodomains, demonstrating that the HmLAR2 ectodomain is capable of interacting homophilically. Together, our observations demonstrate that the rPTP HmLAR2 is critically involved in CC process extension through its participation in the regulation of growth cone structure, migration, and navigation. Moreover, since our experiments also indicate that HmLAR2 can bind to itself, we hypothesize that HmLAR2 has a key role in the mechanism of mutual repulsion that maintains the parallel growth of adjacent CC projections.
The differential reinforcement of reward-produced and response-produced stimuli

Abstract In two experiments, groups received successive large-reward trials on odd-numbered days and successive small-reward trials on even-numbered days in the same gray alleyway. This produced a discrimination problem in which the memory of large reward (S L ) was reliably discriminative of large reward and the memory of small reward (S S ) was reliably discriminative of small reward. Intertrial interval (ITI) was varied both between and within groups. In the within-groups manipulation, ITI separating S+ trials differed from that separating S- trials. Experimental groups learned the discrimination, running slower to S S (S- cue) than to S L (S+ cue), and showed a negative contrast effect, running slower to S- than a small-reward control group. Discrimination was somewhat faster at massed than at spaced trials. The within-groups manipulation of ITI suggested that the effects of ITI were mediated by time-dependent changes in internal cues produced by reward events and by the instrumental response. The control exercised by internal cues was shown to be associative rather than nonassociative, e.g., motivational. Similarities with, and implications for, conventional brightness differential conditioning were discussed.
Preventive care in the emergency department: should emergency departments conduct routine HIV screening? a systematic review.

Objective To perform a systematic review of the emergency medicine literature to assess the appropriateness of offering routine HIV screening to patients in the emergency department (ED). Methods The systematic review was conducted with the aid of a structured template, a companion explanatory guide, and a grading and methodological scoring system based on published criteria for critical appraisal. Two reviewers conducted independent searches using OvidR, PubMed, MD Consult, and Grateful Med. Relevant abstracts were reviewed; those most pertinent to the stated objective were selected for complete evaluation using the structured template. Results Fifty-two relevant abstracts were reviewed; of these, nine were selected for detailed evaluation. Seven ED-based prospective cross-sectional seroprevalence studies found HIV rates of 2-17%. Highest rates of infection were seen among patients with behavioral risks such as male homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. Two studies demonstrated feasibility of both standard and rapid HIV testing in the ED, with more than half of the patients approached consenting to testing by either method, consistent with voluntary testing acceptance rates described in other settings. Several cost-benefit analyses lend indirect support for HIV screening in the ED. Conclusions Multiple ED-based studies meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline threshold to recommend routine screening, in conjunction with limited feasibility trials and extrapolation from cost-benefit studies, provide evidence to recommend that EDs offer HIV screening to high-risk patients (i.e., those with identifiable risk factors) or high-risk populations (i.e., those where HIV seroprevelance is at least 1%).
M -Shell Fluorescence Yields of Bismuth, Lead, Gold, and Osmium

The partial $M$-shell fluorescence yields of four heavy elements (bismuth, lead, gold, and osmium) have been determined. The method employed was similar to that used for previous measurements of $L$-shell fluorescence yields. Thin foils of the materials to be studied were exposed to x rays or $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays which could create vacancies in the $L$ shells of the irradiated materials. The $M$-shell fluorescence yields were then determined by measuring the coincidence rate between the $L$ and the $M$ x rays observed following the $M$-shell ionization. It is shown that for the method used here the $M$-shell fluorescence yield determined is predominantly a combination of the fluorescence yields of the ${M}_{\mathrm{IV}}$ and the ${M}_{\mathrm{V}}$ subshells. The following values were obtained: bismuth, 0.037\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007; lead, 0.032\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006; gold, 0.030\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006; and osmium, 0.016\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003.
Improved method of analyzing hot-wire measurements in supersonic turbulence

The present analysis method for hot-wire data in supersonic turbulence takes sound field effects into account and yields greater accuracy in its treatment of flow variable fluctuations than existing methods despite requiring only a moderately accurate estimate of static pressure fluctuations. The method demonstrates the way in which neglecting pressure fluctuations will affect hot-wire data analysis, as well as indicating the probable direction the errors will take.
Use of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies: A review

Recent retrospective studies have reported the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. SRS uses real-time imaging and high dose radiation beams attached to precise robotic arms to target malignant lesions while sparing normal tissue. The purpose of this review is to examine the indications for SRS in gynecologic oncology, review the current literature regarding the use of SRS in gynecologic cancers, and identify future directions for research in this area. Literature on stereotactic radiosurgery was reviewed using the PubMed search engine. Articles written in English from 1993-2013 were reviewed, and 20 case series and clinical trials were included. The safety and efficacy SRS has been demonstrated in all gynecologic disease sites including cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and ovarian cancers. Indications for its use include non-central pelvic recurrences in previously irradiated patients, complex or non-resectable disease recurrence, and solitary brain metastases. Toxicities are usually mild, though grade 3-4 toxicities have been reported. SRS is a promising second line treatment modality for patients with primary or recurrent disease who cannot undergo standard surgical or radiation therapy. Further research is required to determine optimal dosing and fractionation schedules, delineate appropriate patient populations, and assess longterm morbidity and survival.
Evaluation of a Massively Parallel Architecture for Network Security Applications

Network security applications such as to detect malware, security breaches, and covert channels require packet inspection and processing. Performing these functions at very high network line rates and low power is critical to safe guarding enterprise networks from various cyber-security threats. Solutions based on FPGA and single or multi-core CPUs has several limitations with regards to power and the ability to match the ever increasing line rates. This paper describes a MPPA (Massively Parallelized Processing Architecture) framework based on the Ambric parallel processing device that can speed up computation of network packet processing and analysis tasks. This is accomplished with a programmable processor interconnection that enables parallelizing the application and replication of data through channels. In this paper, we consider three network security applications - detecting malware, detecting covert timing channels, and a symmetric encryption engine. Experimental analyses of parallel implementations of the detection algorithms show that MPAA can easily achieve throughput greater than 1Gbps with low power usage.
Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis

The incidence or diagnostic rate of sclerosing cholangitis is increasing. Because of the lack of effective medical or surgical therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease and sclerosing cholangitis, results with orthotopic liver transplantation were examined. The results of 55 consecutive liver replacements for this disease were reviewed. The 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates are 71% and 57%, respectively. Orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease from sclerosing cholangitis has emerged as the most effective therapy.
The impact of exercise on insulin action in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Relationship to prevention and control

Abstract Background: The interactions between insulin and physical activity are varied and complex. Control of blood glucose levels relies heavily on the balance between insulin and opposing counterregulatory endocrine hormones that bind to their respective receptors in muscle, adipose, and liver tissues. Other metabolic factors-such as fuel use and availability, exercise intensity and duration, training status, and visceral fat levels-also affect physical activity done by individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives: The purpose of this article was to discuss how certain variables interact with acute sessions of physical activity and more extended exercise training, focusing special attention on their relationship to both exercise and resting glycemia as it relates to type 2 DM prevention and control. Also discussed are strategies that individuals with type 2 DM can use to engage in appropriate physical training to control DM and prevent other insulin-related health problems. Methods: The content of this article was based on an electronic search of the literature using PubMed and the selection of key search terms alone and in combination, including exercise, aerobic training, resistance exercise, insulin, hyperglycemia, diabetes, diabetes prevention, and humans. Articles that appeared in relevant, combined searches of these terms were examined back to the year 2000. A secondary search of articles related to type 2 DM and exercise was conducted via references found in these cited studies that met the search criteria. Results Current research suggests that type 2 DM can be prevented and controlled with increased physical activity. With respect to the possibility of reversal of a prediabetes state, both aerobic and resistance training may play important roles in these processes. Although individuals with DM are usually instructed to exercise to improve control of their disease, their special metabolic situation can lead them into hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions. When recommended guidelines are followed, however, physical activities can be done safely and effectively. In addition, abnormal insulin action in the body is associated with not only prediabetes and DM but also with a host of other insulin-related health conditions, including cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: A more thorough understanding of the association among insulin, exercise, glycemia, and DM will lead to better control of these independent factors in health and disease states.
Characteristics of the large-area stacked microstructured semiconductor neutron detector

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio microstructures backfilled with 6 LiF show a dramatic increase in neutron detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described in this work are advancements in the technology with increased microstructure depths and detector stacking methods that work to increase thermal-neutron detection efficiency. An individual 4-cm 2 MSND was fabricated. A stacked 4-cm 2 MSND was fabricated by coupling two detectors back-to-back, along with counting electronics, into a single detector. The individual MSND delivered 16% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency and the stacked MSND delivered 32% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency. The intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency depends strongly upon the geometry, size, and depth of the silicon microstructures. This work is part of on-going research to develop solid-state semiconductor neutron detectors with high neutron detection efficiencies.
Transient photoconductivity in AgCl at room temperature

At room temperature silver chloride is an ionic conductor having a relaxation time for polarization of several hundred μsec. A fast-pulse technique is described which makes possible the separation of electronic from ionic currents in this material at 25°C. Primary photoresponse in essential agreement with a simple trapping model is observed. The factors which influence electron lifetimes in pure silver chloride were investigated for crystals containing only a few tenths of a part per million of heavy-metal impurities. A relatively low photoconductive response corresponding to electron lifetimes before trapping of 10−8 sec or less was found for crystals grown from the melt in vacuum, in a halogen, or in an inert atmosphere. This applies to well-annealed samples and to materials for which precautions were taken to remove water and the products of hydrolysis (Ag and Ag2O). On the other hand, when crystals are grown in air or from a moist starting charge, electron lifetimes as long as 10 μsec may result. The contribution of holes to fast photoresponse was not observed and must be quite small. For example, in the case of a crystal having a large response at 1000 V/cm field, the ratio of hole range to electron range was found to be < 0.012, yielding an upper limit of hole lifetime of 4 × 10−9 sec. From measurements with single pulses, the drift mobility of electrons at 26°C is found to be 46±4 cm2/V sec, in agreement with print-out Hall experiments.
A dramatic loss of cumulus cell gap junctions is correlated with germinal vesicle breakdown in rat oocytes

Abstract Interactions between the cumulus-oophorus and the oocyte have been implicated in the regulation of meiotic maturation. Quantitative analysis of freeze-fractured rat cumulus-oocyte complexes reveals that the net area of cumulus cell gap junction membrane decreases about 15-fold, 2–3 hr following an ovulatory stimulus. This dramatic loss of gap junctions is temporally correlated with germinal vesicle breakdown and cumulus expansion, and is discussed with respect to meiotic maturation and ovulation of the mammalian oocyte.
Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy-induced stomatotoxicity

Mucositis induced by antineoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side effect of cancer therapy. The ulcerative lesions which result are frequent systemic portals of entry for microorganisms which inhabit the mouth and consequently are often sources of systemic infection in the myelosuppressed patient. A number of clinical observations and the inconsistency of responses to a broad range of treatment modalities suggests a physiological complexity to mucositis which has not previously been comprehensively considered. We now propose a hypothesis as to the mechanism by which mucositis develops and resolves, which is based on four phases: an initial inflammatory/vascular phase; an epithelial phase; an ulcerative/bacteriological phase; and a healing phase. The role of cytokines as initiators and ampliers of the process is discussed, as is the potential influence of genetic factors in establishing risk and modifying the course of stomatotoxicity.
Effect of fly ash replacement level on the bond strength of reinforcing steel in concrete beams

Abstract This study compares the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) mixes. Three mixes with 0% (conventional concrete), 50%, and 70% replacement of Portland cement with a Class C fly ash investigated in this study. Three beams (simply supported four-point loading condition) as well as three pull-out specimens (based on RILEM recommendations) were tested for each mix. Test results evaluated based on different codes as well as a bond database of conventional concrete specimens. These comparisons indicate that with increasing replacement level of fly ash in concrete the bond strength of reinforcing steel in concrete increases. Results of this study show that the increase in basic mechanical properties (splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy) for the HVFAC parallels the increase in full-scale bond behavior and can be used as a predictor in mixes containing fly ash.
Behavioral profile of a potent new psychotoxic compound.

The first human administration of a new thebaine derivative is described. The drug elicited visual imagery with eyes closed, synaesthesiae and hallucinatory phenomena. In addition to these “psychotomimetic” effects dysphoria, estrangement, withdrawal and some confusional trends were noted. Physical effects such as tinnitus, ptosis, slurred speech, ataxia, perspiring, “tingling” of the skin, increase in deep tendon reflexes and variable effects on blood pressure were noted. These effects were of long duration and were elicited by doses of the drug as low as 1 Μg/kg. The possible significance of the extraordinary potency of this compound is discussed.
MO-A-213AB-05: Synthesis of High Quantum Yield Nano-Scintillators for Simultaneous Photodynamic Therapy in Radiotherapy.

Purpose: Radioresistant tumors provide one of the biggest challenges for improving radiation therapy efficacy. We have demonstrated that semiconductorquantum dots can be used as ‘impedance matching’ devices converting high energy X‐rays to visible photon range for a simultaneous and mechanistically independent treatment;photodynamic therapy(PDT). Application of quantum dots was limited by it toxicity and relatively low quantum yield with X‐ray excitation. To further improve the combined therapy strategy, we synthesize and screen for safer and more efficient nanoparticles.Methods: Colloidal GdSe and Gd2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized in octadecene using octylamine and oleic acid as surfactants. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was 10 nm. The samples in organic solution was secured in a light tight box and irradiated by 300 kVp X‐rays with a dose rate of 300 cGy/min. The visible photon yield is collected by a lens and transferred to the photomultiplier tube via optic fibers. The average photon counts for 100 seconds were compared between GdSe, Gd2O3 and CdSe quantum dots.Results: Different than quantum dots with fixed band gap and emission peaks, the fluorescent peaks of GdSe and Gd2O3 were excitation light dependent. Shorter emission wavelengths were resulted from higher incident photon energies but the spectra overlap well with the Soret band of porphyrin photosensitizers. While their fluorescence is substantially weaker compared with QDs under UV excitation, fluorescence from both GdSe and Gd2O3 is one order of magnitude stronger than that of QD when excited by 300 kV X‐rays. Conclusions: Metal oxide nanoparticle scintillators are more efficient X‐ray scintillators than Quantum dots. Moreover, Metal oxide nanoparticle can utilize the Soret band of photosensitizers for more effective energy transfer and excitation. These improvements will reduce the required radiationdose and drug concentration for simultaneous photodynamic therapy.
BDI∗MgX(L) where X = nBu and OtBu and L = THF, py and DMAP. The rates of kinetic exchange of L where BDI∗ = CH{C(tBu)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3}2

Abstract BDI ∗ Mg n Bu(THF) and rac -LA to produce heterotactic PLA have been shown to increase from P r = 0.5–0.65 from DCM to neat THF. The increase in concentration of THF from M THF = 0 in toluene to neat THF is shown to occur by THF dissociation as deduced by 1 H NMR studies. In related systems where X = n Bu and O t Bu and with ligands L = THF, py and DMAP similar processes occur by which external exchange of L occurs with added free ligand. For X = n Bu and L = THF, the activation parameters for the dissociation process are ΔH ╪ = 7.0 ± 0.5 kcal mol −1 and ΔS ╪ = −11.6 ± 0.4 cal mol −1 and for X = O t Bu and L = THF are ΔH ╪ = 11.1 ± 1.0 kcal mol −1 and ΔS ╪ = −3.3 ± 3.9 cal mol −1 . The BDI ∗ (R = t Bu) is notably larger than BDI(R = Me) and this limits the use of THF to coordinate during catalysis. The three coordinate complex BDI ∗ Mg n Bu has been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography: where Mg–N = 2.010(4) and 2.026(4) A and Mg–C = 2.117(5) A, with N–Mg–N = 94.2(2)° and N–Mg–C = 130.0(2)° and 135.8(2)°. The related complexes BDI ∗ Mg n Bu(L), where L = py and DMAP have similar structural features.
Thermal studies on oxalate complexes. III. Complexes of cobalt(III) and cobalt(II)

Abstract The decomposition of K2[Co(C2O4)2] and K3[Co(C2O4)3] has been studied using TG. In the case of the latter compound, the first step involves the rupture of all the oxalates and one of the resultant carbonates to liberate CO2 and three molecules of CO. Subsequent steps involve the loss of CO2. In the case of K2[Co(C2O4)2], four decomposition reactions are observed. The first involves the loss of only CO. Subsequent steps involve loss of CO2, CO2 and CO, and CO2, respectively. Basic carbonates appear to be the intermediate products. Kinetic parameters are presented for most of the reactions.
Thymidylate synthetase: mechanism of inhibition by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate.

Abstract Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate requires methylenetetrahydrofolate. Both 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate and methylenetetrahydrofolate are covalently bound to the enzyme, as shown by the stability of the complex to denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea, and to trichloroacetic acid precipitation. By contrast, 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridylate is not covalently bound. We postulate that in the enzyme-inhibitor-cofactor complex, the 6-carbon of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate is bound covalently to the enzyme, with the methylene group covalently linking to the 5-carbon of the nucleotide to either the N-5 or N-10 position of tetrahydrofolate.
A Personal Essay in Math? Getting to Know Your Students

(1992). A Personal Essay in Math? Getting to Know Your Students. College Teaching: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 83-86.
Evaluation of Adhesion Property of UHMWPE Fibers/Nano-epoxy by a Pullout Test

Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers have poor wetting and adhesion properties to polymer resins because of the inert surface of the fibers. In our previous study, a reactive nano-epoxy matrix, developed by making a modification on the matrix with reactive graphitic nanofibers (r-GNFs), showed improved wettability to UHMWPE fibers. In this work, fiber bundle pullout tests were conducted to evaluate the adhesion property between the UHMWPE fibers and the nano-epoxy matrices. Analysis of load–displacement curves from pullout tests shows that debonding initiation load and ultimate debonding load increased considerably, because of effective improvement of adhesion between the UHMWPE fibers and nano-epoxy matrix. Stress-controlled and energy-controlled models of interfacial debonding were applied for theoretical analyses. Results from ultimate IFSS, frictional shear stress, and critical energy-release rate are in good agreement with experimental results. Nano-epoxy matrix with 0.3 wt% r-GNFs...
Quantized Hall conductance in a relativistic two-dimensional electron gas

The formula for the quantized Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas is often derived by solving the Schr\"odinger equation for an electron in crossed electric and magnetic fields, and taking the expectation value of the current operator in its eigenstates. In this report we demonstrate explicitly, by using the Dirac equation, that there are no relativistic corrections to this expression, at least in the ideal case. This is true even if the drift velocity of the electrons approaches the speed of light or the Landau level splitting approaches the electron rest-mass energy and holds despite the appearance of a classical correction to the cyclotron frequency.
Congressional Use of Authorization and Oversight

This article addresses two questions found in the transaction-cost literature on congressional control of the federal bureaucracy. The first question is, when does Congress seek to exercise control over federal agencies? Drawing in part on the work of Ringquist, Worsham, and Eisner (2003) and Cox (2004), this project examines congressional use of statutory controls and oversight across different levels of public salience, technical complexity, and political conflict in executive agencies. I find mixed effects for these variables on the two methods of legislative control. The second question is, are ex ante controls (i.e., constraints enacted in authorizing legislation) and ex post controls (i.e., more traditionally conceived legislative oversight activity) substitutes? Bawn (1997) and Huber and Shipan (2002) suggest this is the case, but I find no evidence for the substitution hypothesis across the different policy areas.
A fixed site of DNA replication in eucaryotic cells

Abstract We studied the role of the nuclear matrix (the skeletal framework of the nucleus) in DNA replication both in vivo and in a cell culture system. When regenerating rat liver or exponentially growing 3T3 fibroblasts are pulse-labeled with 3 H-thymidine and nuclear matrix is subsequently isolated, the fraction of DNA remaining tightly attached to the matrix is highly enriched in newly synthesized DNA. After a 30 sec pulse labeling period and limited DNAase I digestion, the matrix DNA of 3T3 fibroblasts, which constitutes 15% of the total DNA, contains approximately 90% of the labeled newly synthesized DNA. Over 80% of this label can be chased out of the matrix DNA if the pulse is followed by a 45 min incubation with excess unlabeled thymidine. These and other kinetic studies suggest that the growing point of DNA replication is attached to the nuclear matrix. Studies measuring the size distribution of the matrix DNA also support this conclusion. Reconstitution controls and autoradiographic studies indicate that these results are not due to preferential, nonspecific binding of nascent DNA to the matrix during the extraction procedures. Electron microscopic autoradiography shows that, as with intact nuclei, sites of DNA replication are distributed throughout the nuclear matrix. A fixed site of DNA synthesis is proposed in which DNA replication complexes are anchored to the nuclear matrix and the DNA is reeled through these complexes as it is replicated.
The Female Frontier: A Comparative View of Women on the Prairie and the Plains

This book introduces the important concept of a female frontier a frontier "every bit as real and coherent, as, for example, the mining frontier." It gives us a new understanding of western women's shared experiences and of the full implications of their participation in America's westward movement. Riley has reconstructed women's roles and concerns from census data, legal proceedings, newspaper accounts, local histories, essays, sermons, novels, photographs, works of art, and in large part from their own words, as recorded in diaries, day books, journals, letters, memoirs, reminiscences, and interviews. These women include the barely literate and the educated, the young and the old, single and married, white and black, native-born and immigrant. What emerges is a new understanding of the shared experiences at home, in paid employment, and in community activities that constituted the female frontier."
Numerical and analytical observations on long and infinite slopes

Interest in the mechanics of landslides has led to renewed evaluation of the infinite slope equations, and the need for a more general framework for estimating the factor of safety of long and infinite slopes involving non-homogeneous soil profiles. The paper describes finite element methods that demonstrate the potential for predicting failure in long slope profiles where the critical mechanism is not necessarily at the base of the soil layer. The influence of slope angle is also examined in long slopes, leading to some counter-intuitive conclusions about the impact of slope steepness on the factor of safety. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONE 01 GLAZES FOR LOW‐TEMPERATURE VITREOUS WARE

The production of two-fired vitreous ware using a nepheline syenite body biscuited at cone 4 requires a glaze of low expansion maturing at cone 01 or below. Such a glaze can be produced using not more than 0.05 KNaO and up to 0.19 MgO in the empirical formula if 70 to 80% of the glaze batch is fritted. Such glazed ware showed good resistance to crazing, and modulus of rupture and scratch-hardness values were equal to commercial hotel china.
WAVELET TRANSFORMATION OF PROTEIN HYDROPHOBICITY SEQUENCES SUGGESTS THEIR MEMBERSHIPS IN STRUCTURAL FAMILIES

Abstract The amino acids of representative proteins were transformed into sequences of hydrophobic free energies per residue, the values derived from equilibrium partitions between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases of a binary solvent. The distributions of the amplitudes of the sequential fluctuations in hydrophobic free energy were then examined with respect to location and scale using Morlet wavelet transformations. Graphs of the wavelet coefficients' imaginary parts discriminated among proteins whose tertiary structures are dominated by helices, sheets or their combination, using protein X-ray structures and X-ray fractal dimensions as reference criteria.
Surgery Insight: advances in techniques for open partial nephrectomy

With increased incidental diagnosis of renal cortical tumors and imaging advances enabling the detection of smaller tumors, the number of required surgeries is also rising. Partial nephrectomy, although attractive, is underused, possibly because of concerns over its technical complexity and a related morbidity risk. Here, nephrectomy techniques are discussed, with particular emphasis on open partial nephrectomy. With the widespread use of abdominal imaging, there has been a substantial increase in the detection of incidental, small renal masses. This change has resulted in a downward trend in the size and stage of tumors being detected, and a corresponding increase in the number of renal cortical tumors amenable to partial nephrectomy. Based solely on a size criterion of 7 cm or less (pT1), nearly 70% of all patients with newly diagnosed kidney tumors are eligible for partial nephrectomy. Here, we briefly review the current rationale for partial nephrectomy and provide insight into advances in the technique of open partial nephrectomy. In addition to describing in detail the surgical techniques used at our institution, we also report the outcomes of our series of open partial nephrectomies performed via a mini-flank incision above the 11th rib. We believe that this approach offers a safe, practical and easily adoptable alternative to traditional open partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Spatial allocation of forest recreation value

Non-market valuation methods and geographic information systems are useful planning and management tools for public land managers. Recent attention has been given to investigation and demonstration of methods for combining these tools to provide spatially-explicit representations of non-market value. Most of these efforts have focused on spatial allocation of ecosystem service values based on land cover types, but recreation value has yet to be considered. This article presents an objective method for spatially allocating forest recreation value that is based on readily available data, demonstrates the method for a Southern California study site, and discusses the policy relevance of the method and how it might be extended to other applications and tested with additional primary survey data.
Bootstrap technique in cluster analysis

Abstract We define a method to estimate the number of clusters in a data set E , using the bootstrap technique. This approach involves the generation of several “fake” data sets by sampling patterns with replacement in E (bootstrapping). For each number, K , of clusters, a measure of stability of the K -cluster partitions over the bootstrap samples is used to characterize the significance of the K -cluster partition for the original data set. The value of K which provides the most stable partitions is the estimate of the number of clusters in E . The performance of this new technique is demonstrated on both synthetic and real data, and is applied to the segmentation of range images.
A method for calculating the probability of detection for a coherent (AMTI) radar unit with phase cancellation

Abstract In this paper, general probability theory is used to evaluate the theoretical effectiveness of an Airborne Moving Target Indicator (AMTI) radar system using phase cancellation in the cancellation unit, this effectiveness being expressed in terms of a Probability of Detection. In developing the required expressions, a four-dimensional probability density function is first derived to relate the incoming signal at time (l) with a signal that arrived (τ) seconds before. Using this function, the probability density functions for the primary units in the radar, namely, the receiver, the cancellation unit, the rectifier and the read-out scope (planned position indicator) are derived. Using the probability density function for the planned position indicator unit the expression for the probability of detection for the over-all system is obtained. The results show the probability of detection of the system to be a function of the signal to background noise (clutter) ratio, variance of the clutter power density spectrum and the pulse repetition frequency, and the results are given in a useful graph form.
Mining long-lasting exploratory user interests from search history

A user's web search history contains many valuable search patterns. In this paper, we study search patterns that represent a user's long-lasting and exploratory search interests. By focusing on long-lastingness and exploratoriness, we are able to discover search patterns that are most useful for recommending new and relevant information to the user. Our approach is based on language modeling and clustering, and specifically designed to handle web search logs. We run our algorithm on a real web search log collection, and evaluate its performance using a novel simulated study on the same search log dataset. Experiment results support our hypothesis that long-lastingness and exploratoriness are necessary for generating successful recommendation. Our algorithm is shown to effectively discover such search interest patterns, and thus directly useful for making recommendation based on personal search history.
COMPARISON of FRICTION FACTOR EQUATIONS FOR NON‐NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN PIPE FLOW1

The pressure drop, due to friction, in pipe flow of non-Newtonian fluids can be estimated if the friction factor is known. For laminar flow, the friction factor for power law, Bingham plastic and Herschel-Bulkely fluids can be obtained from a single theoretical relationship. However, a number of different relationships have been developed for turbulent flow. This paper presents a summary and comparison of these relationships. Friction factor predictions were found to differ significantly depending on the flow behavior index, Reynolds number and Hedstrom number. Generally, the spread of predictions increased as the fluid deviated from Newtonian behavior. Significant errors can be made when using relationships based on fluids without a yield stress to predict friction factors for fluids having a yield stress.