cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of human carbonic anhydrase II and a thermophillic intein (768.3)

We are interested in various structural aspects of human Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCAII) and the Pyrococcus horikoshii PolII intein (Pho PolII). A combination of analyses including x-ray crystallography and biochemical assays will be used to study each of the two proteins. We will compare the activity and structure of hCAII to hCAII where the active-site zinc ions have been replaced with rhenium. Additionally, we will assay both zinc and rhenium hCAII for enzymatic functionality using a p-NPA hydrolysis assay. Thus far, we have optimized expression in E. coli and purification of hCAII and have assayed for functionality. Our goal with the PolII intein is to obtain structures for the unspliced precursor and the excised intein in order to do structural comparisons. Our lab has recently crystallized the precursor and my focus is on the intein. The PolII precursor, which comes from a sea-dwelling, thermophillic archaea, was mutated so that a stop codon preceded the poly-His tag at the C-terminal end of the intei...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis During the Division Cycle of Escherichia coli: a Comparison of Strains B/r, K-12, 15, and 15T− Under Conditions of Slow Growth

The rates of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis during the division cycles of the Escherichia coli strains B/r, K-12 3000, 15T−, and 15 have been measured in synchronous cultures, under several conditions of slow growth. These synchronous cultures were obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation of exponentially growing cultures, after which the smallest cells were removed from the gradient and allowed to grow. Sucrose gradient centrifugation did not adversely affect the cell cycle, since an experiment in which an exponentially growing culture was pulsed with [3H]thymidine prior to the periodic separation and assay of the smallest cells resulted in the same conclusions, as given below. In the strains of E. coli that were studied, a decreased rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation was seen late in the cell cycle, prior to cell division. No decrease in the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation was seen at or near the beginning of the cell cycle. Thus, all these strains appear to regulate DNA synthesis in a similar fashion during slow growth. In addition, a correlation between the appearance of cells with visible cross-walls and the start of a new round of DNA synthesis was seen, indicating that these two events might be related.
Large-time rescaling behaviors of some rational type solutions to the Polubarinova-Galin equation with injection

The main goal of this paper is to give a precise description of rescaling behaviors of rational type global strong solutions to the Polubarinova-Galin equation. The Polubarinova-Galin equation is the reformulation of the zero surface tension Hele-Shaw problem with a single source at the origin by considering the moving domain as the Riemann mapping of the unit disk centered at the origin. The coefficients $\{a_{k}(t)\}_{k\geq 2}$ of the polynomial strong solution $f_{k_{0}}(\xi,t)=\sum_{i=1}^{k_{0}}a_{i}(t)\xi^{i}$ decay to zero algebraically as $t^{-\lambda_{k}}$ ($\lambda_{k}=k/2$) and the decay is even faster if the low Richardson moments vanish. The dynamics for global solutions are discussed as well.
Nickel-Doped Ferritic (Martensitic) Steels for Fusion Reactor Irradiation Studies: Tempering Behavior and Unirradiated and Irradiated Tensile Properties

When an alloy containing nickel is irradiated in a mixed-spectrum reactor, helium is produced in the lattice by the transmutation of /sup 58/Ni by thermal neutrons. Nickel doping of two ferritic (martensitic) steels is being used to determine the effect of simultaneously produced helium and displacement damage (produced by the fast neutrons in the spectrum) on the mechanical properties of these steels, which are structural candidates for fusion reactor applicatioans. Heats of 9 Cr-1 MoVNb and 12 Cr-1 MoVW with up to 2% Ni have been prepared. Tempering studies were conducted to determine the effect of nickel on the basic alloys and to identify the appropriate tempering temperature and time. Tensile specimens of the steels were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor to displacement damage levels of up to 9.3 dpa and helium concentrations of up to 82 at. ppM. Tensile studies at room temperature and 300/sup 0/C on the 9 Cr-1 MoVNb steels indicated that the irradiation led to increased strength and decreased ductility compared to the steels in the unirradiated condition. It was concluded that the hardening resulted from the displacement damage and was not affected by the transmutation helium. Results were similar to tensile properties previouslymore » obtained for nickel-doped 12 Cr-1 MoVW steel irradiated under similar conditions. 13 figures.« less
Gold-induced eosinophilic enterocolitis: Response to oral cromolyn sodium

Abstract A 50-yr-old woman with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis developed gold-induced eosinophilic enterocolitis, as evidenced by stool, tissue, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. While the diarrhea was refractory to conventional therapy, it responded to low doses of oral cromolyn sodium.
Broad-scale habitat classification variables predict maximum local abundance for native but not non-native trout in New York streams

Predicting species distributions at the landscape level has many applications in fish ecology, management, and conservation, yet generating accurate predictions remains a challenge to fish ecologists. Areas of the landscape with higher environmental suitability should have higher relative abundance, although the predictive capability of this relationship might be limited because environmental suitability ignores other factors such as biotic interactions and stochastic events. These factors could contribute to a species being absent or at low abundance in a site with high environmental suitability. Owing to the potential influence of non-environmental and stochastic factors on relative abundance, modelled environmental suitability should be a better predictor of maximum abundance (i.e. the ceiling of scattered data) than mean relative abundance because ecosystem complexities often preclude a simple monotonic response. To evaluate this assumption, environmental suitability was predicted for 55 944 stream reaches in New York State using native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) occurrence data and a suite of four broad-scale habitat factors. Estimates of suitability were then used to test the relationship with the upper limits of abundance using quantile regression. As predicted, there was a significant positive relationship with maximum abundance for native brook trout at the upper quantiles; however, this relationship did not extend to non-native brown trout. These findings indicate that broad-scale habitat factors can predict maximum abundance of a native stream-dwelling trout and produced environmental suitability maps that could be useful for brook trout conservation. These findings could be used to predict trout occurrence in unsurveyed stream reaches with the highest abundance limits, which could be used to set conservation priorities and provide benchmarks of habitat potential for monitoring programmes as well as identify threats to environmental suitability from anthropogenic sources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clash of Ideologies and Survival of Evangelical Movement in Ethiopia

Review of Tibebe Eshete, Evangelical Movement in Ethiopia: Resistance and Resilience (Waco Texas: Baylor University Press, 2009), xiii + 480 pp
Performance analysis of threshold-based selective drop mechanism for high performance packet switches

In this paper, a simple and efficient threshold-based selective drop (TSD) buffer management scheme is proposed to improve the overall loss performance and fairness by regulating the buffer sharing in a packet switch. The key idea of TSD is to divide the output ports into active or inactive output ports by comparing their queue lengths with a fair share buffer size. When total queue length equals or exceeds the threshold value, only arrival packets destined to inactive output ports are admitted to enter the shared buffer. A transient analysis of TSD is derived to prove the fairness of buffer allocation among different output queues. We use computer simulation to compare the overall loss performance of TSD, complete sharing (CS), complete partitioning (CP), dynamic threshold (DT) and pushout (PO). The TSD method is shown to be more robust than CS, CP and DT methods under different traffic conditions.
Use of dicobalt hexacarbonyl-estabilized propargyl cations in intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylations

Abstract Cis -9a-ethynyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-9 H -fluorenes and the corresponding dibenzofurans have been prepared by a stereoconvergent, intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation involving dicobalt hexacarbonylstabilized carbocations.
Effects of Postruminal Protein on Fatty Acid Digestibility in Dairy Cows

Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows (four multiparous and four primiparous) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with an extra period to determine the effects of postruminal protein on fatty acid digestibility. Samples were collected during the last 4 d of each 14-d period. Total mixed rations were composed of 41% alfalfa haylage, 42% corn silage, 12% concentrate based on corn, and 5% tallow. Cows were fed at 90% of ad libitum intake. Treatments were abomasal infusion of guar gum or guar gum plus urea, corn gluten meal, or blood meal in 12 L of water. The basal ration contained 12% crude protein (CP), and infusion of N sources increased CP to approximately 14%. Dry matter intake was similar for cows on all treatments. Milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, milk protein, and milk fat yields increased for cows receiving postruminal CP. Postruminal CP did not affect milk fat and protein percentages. Dry matter, organic matter, and CP digestibilities were greater in cows receiving postruminal CP. Total fatty acid and total C18 fatty acid digestibilities were not affected by treatment. Total C16 fatty acid and C18:0 fatty acid digestibilities were greater for cows receiving nonprotein N than for those receiving true protein.
Cloning, overexpression, and purification of aminoglycoside antibiotic 3-acetyltransferase-IIIb: conformational studies with bound substrates.

Aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (2‘ ‘)-Ia [ANT (2‘ ‘)-Ia] was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified from overexpressing Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The first enzyme-bound conf...
Wearout Resilience in NoCs Through an Aging Aware Adaptive Routing Algorithm

Continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms, such as negative bias temperature instability and electromigration primary concerns in network-on-chip (NoC) designs. In this paper, we extensively analyze the effects of these aging mechanisms on NoC routers and links. We observe a critical need of a robust aging-aware routing algorithm that not only reduces power-performance overheads caused due to aging degradation, but also minimizes the stress experienced by heavily utilized routers and links. To solve this problem, we propose an aging-aware adaptive routing algorithm and a router microarchitecture that routes the packets along the paths, which are both least congested and experience minimum aging degradation. After an extensive experimental analysis using real workloads, we observe 13% and 12.17% average overhead reduction in network latency and energy–delay product per flit, a 10.4% improvement in performance, and a 60% improvement in mean time to failure using our aging-aware routing algorithm.
Contributions to the theory of active transport: II. The gate type non-carrier mechanism and generalizations concerning tracer flow, efficiency, and measurement of energy expenditure

The gate type non-carrier mechanism, an active transport model, is discussed. In this mechanism, the actively transported particle passes through the gate itself by means of a series of reorganizations of the active transport mechanism. The net rate of transport, the rate of transport in either direction, and the efficiency of this model are analyzed. It is shown that on the basis of these analyses alone, this mechanism cannot be distinguished from a carrier mechanism. Three generalizations which apply to many individual type active transport models are then discussed. These pertain to (1) the dependency of the flow in one direction on the cencentration of the particles on the opposite side of the membrane, (2) the possibility of very high efficiencies for these models independent of the rate of the active transport, and (3) the methods whereby the energy expended in the active transport may be experimentally found.
Stability Analysis of Lifting Rigs—Part 1: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

When heavy equipment is moved by cranes or derricks—for example, in the course of manufacturing, assembly, or installation—the rigging or hitch used should be stable, i.e., it should not dump the load in the course of its motion. A general criterion is derived which is necessary and sufficient for Liapunov stability or asymptotic stability of a hitch. The relationship between asymptotic stability and stability under persistent disturbances is discussed, and an analytical expression for the system margin of stability is obtained.
Call Intent based "Enhanced Caller ID"

Knowledge of call intents can help the receiver to take most appropriate action(s) for any incoming call. For ad-hoc communication requests, present call handling at receiving end is limited to caller phone number with some high level user context information like user location, presence etc. Receiver manually need to establish the call intents based on the contextual parameters, which may lead to wrong handling of calls because actual call intents may differ from the predicted ones. In this paper, we propose an assisted UI mechanism to specify call intent(s) from caller, which is used to enable enhanced caller ID for receiver.
Thin films of lithium cobalt oxide

Abstract Thin films of lithium cobalt oxide have been prepared by rf sputtering from crystalline LiCoO2. Chemical analysis shows that the films as deposited are deficient in lithium. X-ray diffraction suggests that the films retain the basic rhombohedral structure of LiCoO2. A plausible structure defect model for these lithium deficient films is that of a disordered α-NaFeO2 structure. Little absorption and moderate reflectivity are found in the transmission and reflectance spectra in the infrared range. The visible absorption corresponds to a direct allowed optical transition with an energy gap of 2.2 eV. Electrical conductivity measurements of the films show that at 300 K the films behave as semiconductors, with an activation energy of 0.12 eV. Ionic conductivity does not contribute significantly to the measured conductivity. Thermopower measurements indicate that the films are p-type conductors and suggest a narrow conduction band.
The ravelled sleeve of care. Managing the stresses of residency training.

Residency training is in crisis. There have been calls for change in both the lay press and the professional literature. Some prestigious residency programs have failed to fill their slots in the matching process. Legislation affecting residency programs has been proposed in several states. Increasingly active house staff unions are demanding changes. In this article we review the literature describing the stresses experienced by residents in training, the toll these stresses may take on residents, and the suggestions that have been made for reducing these stresses. (JAMA1989;261:889-893)
Revving the Throttle on an Oncogene: CDK8 Takes the Driver Seat

The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays an important role in initiation in most, if not all, colon cancers. Prior work has provided important insights into the regulation of beta-catenin stability in the cytoplasm; however, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which beta-catenin activates gene transcription in the nucleus. Using genetic approaches, studies in human colon cancers and Drosophila have identified CDK8 as a colon cancer oncogene that regulates beta-catenin transcriptional activity. These convergent observations provide new insights into the regulation of nuclear beta-catenin activity and identify a novel therapeutic target for beta-catenin-driven malignancies.
Global Thinking, or the Utility of Trivia.

The constant emphasis on specialization produces university graduates who do not or cannot look at problems broadly. As a result, engineers, scientists and executives-indeed graduates in all fields-including the supposedly broad-based humanities-often cannot solve problems that require knowledge outside of their specializations. Or their narrowness causes them to commit embarrassing blunders that could be avoided if they took a broader view. The case of the British Westland Lysander P12 Ground Strafer aircraft illustrates the problem of narrow thinking. Very little direct information is available on this ingenious but obscure prototype airplane, but by examining many peripheral matters we can determine not only why the P12 was built but also how it was built. Further, we can also determine why it failed. Had the initial designers approached the problem in a broad way, and using information that was then available, they would have seen in advance that the project would fail. The case is instructive as an industrial problem, but it also demonstrates the value of global thinking methodology.
Reaction kinetics of poikilotherm development.

Abstract A stochastic thermodynamic model of poikilotherm development has been derived from the Eyring equation assuming multiple activity states of the underlying developmental control enzymes. This analysis brings together into a general model the day-degrees concept and the Arrhenius hypothesis as interpreted by Eyring. The compensating effect of enzyme inactivation at high and low temperatures incorporated into the model has the following consequences. 1. (i) It demonstrates the validity of the linear approximation (day-degree concept) in the mid-temperature region for some organisms. 2. (ii) It effectively establishes a low-temperature threshold for development. 3. (iii) It reduces the rate of development at higher temperatures, thereby establishing both an optimum and upper threshold for development. The resulting equation has been found applicable to a wide range of organisms.
Images of the Vega Dust Ring at 350 and 450 μm: New Clues to the Trappingof Multiple-Sized Dust Particles in Planetary Resonances

We have used the SHARC II camera at Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to make 350 and 450 μm images of the Vega dust disk at spatial resolutions (FWHM) of 9".7 and 11".1, respectively. The images show a ringlike morphology (radius ~100 AU) with inhomogeneous structure that is qualitatively different from that previously reported at 850 μm and longer wavelengths. We attribute the 350/450 μm emission to a grain population whose characteristic size (~1 mm) is intermediate between that of the centimeter-sized grains responsible for emission longward of 850 μm and the much smaller grains (≲18 μm) in the extensive halo, visible at 70 μm, discussed by Su et al. We have combined our submillimeter images with Spitzer data at 70 μm to produce two-dimensional maps of line-of-sight optical depth (relative column density). These "tau maps" suggest that the millimeter-sized grains are located preferentially in three symmetrically located concentrations. If so, then this structure could be understood in terms of the Wyatt model in which planetesimals are trapped in the mean motion resonances of a Neptune-mass planet at 65 AU, provided allowance is made for the spatial distribution of dust grains to differ from that of the parent planetesimals. The peaks of the tau maps are, in fact, located near the expected positions corresponding to the 4 : 3 resonance. If this identification is confirmed by future observations, it would resolve an ambiguity with regard to the location of the planet.
Identified Problems and Service Utilization Patterns Among Kinship Families Accessing Mental Health Services

Abstract This study examined the mental health problems and service utilization patterns of kinship families who accessed services in an urban outpatient child psychiatry clinic. A random sample of children who completed the intake process during a calendar year yielded 47 children, or 19% of the sample, whose primary caregiver was a relative, other than a biological parent; approximately half of those families were involved with the child welfare system. Data from an administrative database and from medical records describe the diagnoses, identified problems, and services used by the kinship families. Academic or school-related problems emerged as an identified problem in approximately half of the kinship cases, but school intervention was not a primary target for clinicians. The kinship sample was also compared with a random stratified sample of children who were living with primary caregivers other than kin. Kinship families were more likely to be African-American, but few differences were found betwee...
Synthesis and binding studies ofN-(2-Hydroxy-l-phenoxyacetyl) glycylglycine

The synthesis ofN-(2-hydroxy-l-phenoxyacetyl)glycylglycine3 from 2-acetoxyphenoxyacetic acid is described. Compound3, a simple model for the carboxy-containing ionophore, Lasalocid, binds cations in methanol in the order: Ca2+ ≥ Ba2+ > Sr2+ 2>> Li+ > Na+, K+.
Retail relations: an interlocking directorate analysis of food retailing corporations in the United States

The US food retailing industry continues to concentrate and consolidate. Power in the agriculture, food, and nutrition system has shifted from producers to processors, and is now shifting to retailers. Currently, only eight food-retailing corporations control the majority of food sales in the United States. Expanding on previous research by Lyson and Raymer (2000, Agriculture and Human Values 17: 199–208), this paper examines the characteristics of the boards of directors of the leading food retailing corporations and the indirect interlocks that bind the food retailers into a corporate community.
Indentation size effect of multiple orders of magnitude in polydimethylsiloxane

ABSTRACT: Indentation tests at indentation depths from 200 nm up to 100 lm were performed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).The universal hardnesses in the elastomer were determined by microindentation and nanoindentation systems with Berkovich in-denter tips and exhibited enormous increases of several orders of magnitude with decreasing indentation depth. Frank elasticity typemolecular interactions were suggested as a rationale for the observed indentation size effect, which could have been related to mate-rial models with rotational gradients. A corresponding hardness model yielded good agreement with the experimental data. Otherexplanations for the indentation size effects in polymers in the literature are discussed in view of these experimentally determinedand astonishing hardness increases in PDMS. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128: 258–264, 2013 KEYWORDS: elastomers; mechanical properties; properties and characterizationReceived 29 February 2012; accepted 6 June 2012; published online 27 June 2012DOI: 10.1002/app.38161INTRODUCTION
Effect of ethanol on the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor in late prepubertal female rats : a correlation with serum IGF-1

For several years, it has been well accepted that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a critical role in peripubertal growth. Recently, we have provided evidence to suggest that this peptide may also be involved in the sexual maturation process, via an action to stimulate hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release. Because ethanol (ETOH) delays puberty, an event that is associated with depressed growth rates and decreased growth hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion via actions at the hypothalamic level, we investigated whether this drug is capable of altering the expression of genes encoding IGF-1 in liver and brain, as well as the expression of the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) within the median eminence (ME). Also, we wanted to determine if any regional changes in the expression of these genes were associated with concomitant alterations in the serum levels of IGF-1 and LH. Rats were implanted with gastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving specific control or ETOH diets on day 29. Rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their tissues and blood were collected. Results indicate that the ETOH-fed rats showed a decrease (p < 0.01) in the expression of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA when compared with the controls, and this paralleled depressions in both serum IGF-1 (p < 0.01) and LH (p < 0.01). In contrast, no changes were detected in IGF-1 mRNA expression in the preoptic area and hypothalamus, as well as in IGF-1R mRNA expression within the ME. These results suggest that the well-known detrimental effects of ETOH on growth rates and the progression of the female pubertal process in the rat may be associated with the drug's ability to depress the hepatic synthesis of IGF-1 and the subsequent prepubertal circulating levels of the protein.
Ocular Toxicity of Styrene

Styrene is a colorless, inflammable, volatile liquid that is readily polymerized in the production of synthetic rubber and plastics such as polystyrene (Styrofoam). Millions of tons are produced annually in the United States. Because of the high evaporation rate of styrene, 50 g/m 2 /30 min, 1 most human exposure is to the monomer vapor. Several reported ocular problems in individuals exposed to styrene have included retrobulbar neuritis, 2,3 central retinal vein occlusion, 4 diminished night vision, 5 and conjunctival and other mucous membrane irritation. 1,3 In order to determine potential ocular toxicity of styrene, 345 styrene-exposed workers, 98% of whom were men, were questioned and underwent a screening ophthalmological examination. Exposure levels for these workers averaged approximately 5 ppm, but ranged widely up to 200 ppm for several hours during the polymerization process to as high as a few thousand parts per million momentarily during heating of commercial polystyrene. 1
Improving the resolution of chopper spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources

Abstract We examine the relationships between intensity and resolution in pulsed-source chopper spectrometers, including the effects of Soller collimation, narrower rotor slits and higher rotor speeds. The basis is a simplified description of a spectrometer, approximately optimizing the rotor pulse and lighthouse effects. The analysis includes a new treatment of the angular distribution transmitted through a system consisting of a coarse collimator and a Soller collimator. The results encourage the prospect for a reasonably easily accomplished, higher resolution, optional configuration of the pulsed-source chopper spectrometers.
Canisius College Summer Science Camp: Combining Science and Education Experts To Increase Middle School Students’ Interest in Science

The Canisius College Summer Science Camp is a successful and effective annual outreach program that specifically targets middle school students in an effort to increase their interest in science. Five broadly defined science topics are explored in a camp-like atmosphere filled with hands-on activities. A 2010 module focused on chemistry topics of crystallization, chemiluminescence, chromatography, indicators, and differences between polar and nonpolar substances. The camp operates as a partnership between chemistry and education faculty by serving as a practicum for the Differentiated Instruction Master’s Degree Program in Education at Canisius College, effectively combining the skills of professionally certified teachers with those of science-content experts. The authors believe that this successful and self-sustaining model can be adopted at many other institutions.
Echocardiographic Recognition of the Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Twenty-one patients (age four to 25 years) with bicuspid aortic valves proved by surgery and angiography (12) or angiography alone (9) were studied by echocardiography. Seventeen patients had aortic valve disease (11 stenosis, 6 incompetence) and four had coarctation of the aorta with normally functioning aortic valves. A comparison group of 16 patients (9 with aortic valve disease and 7 without aortic valve disease) who had proven tricuspid aortic valves was also studied. Echocardiograms in tricuspid aortic valve patients showed the closed position of the cusps near the middle of the aortic lumen. In contrast marked eccentricity of the aortic valve cusp echoes in diastole could be demonstrated in all with bicuspid aortic valves. The Eccentricity Index (½ aortic lumen diameter/minimum distance of the diastolic cusp echo from the nearest aortic margin) was low (range 1.0-1.25) with tricuspid aortic valves and high (range 1.5-5.6) with bicuspid aortic valves (P < 0.001). This index was not significantly aff...
An investigation of emphatic stress comprehension in adult aphasia: a replication.

The differential effects of normal and emphatic stress on the auditory comprehension performance of 9 aphasic and 5 normal adults were assessed. As a partial replication of Pashek and Brookshire (1982), four paragraph-length stimuli were used from the original study. Each paragraph was presented twice. One version was recorded with one fact per sentence receiving normal stress, the second version with emphatic stress. Following each paragraph, subjects answered 16 "yes/no" questions about the eight target facts in each paragraph. This procedure allowed for direct comparison of performance across conditions on the same paragraph rather than on different paragraphs as in the original study. Analysis of the results revealed that the aphasic subjects demonstrated significantly better performance for stimuli presented with emphatic stress. In addition, no significant learning effect was observed over two repetitions of each paragraph. These data are interpreted as successfully replicating the findings of Pashe...
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate fails to limit early myocardial infarction size in a canine model.

Study objective: Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) appears to improve early post-myocardial infarction hemodynamics and limit early myocardial infarct size in previous canine studies. However, these studies did not account for the effect of collateral blood flow on infarct size. Our objective was to determine the effect of FDP on early infarct size and hemodynamics while measuring regional myocardial blood flow. Design: A prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled laboratory study using a canine open-chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion model. Interventions: Twenty-two mongrel dogs were assigned randomly to receive either FDP (175 mg/kg, then 2 mg/kg/min for two hours) or placebo, beginning five minutes after LAD occlusion. Measurements and main results: Regional myocardial blood flow, hemodynamics, and myocardial infarct size were determined. Infarct size was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of animals. Three of the 22 dogs had no infarct and significantly higher collateral blood flow than the 19 animals with myocardial infarction ( P max , heart rate, and systolic and mean aortic pressures were not statistically different between groups. Infarct size expressed as area of necrosis/area at risk was similar between groups (FDP, 0.55 ± 0.28; controls, 0.59 ± 0.31). Conclusion: FDP given after occlusion of the LAD in this canine model did not limit early myocardial infarct size.
Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism in Uremia

Data on 16 patients with uremia are presented. The cerebral blood flow was moderately decreased in patients with generalized vascular disease, but was normal in patients with minimal vascular involvement. In both groups the cerebral oxygen consumption (cerebral metabolic rate in terms of oxygen consumption, CMRO2) was reduced significantly and to the same degree. In contrast, total body metabolism was not demonstrably reduced. These facts emphasize the vulnerability of the brain to uremia. There was poor correlation between the cerebral oxygen utilization and the patient's mental state. No correlation was found between the cerebral oxygen consumption and the blood nonprotein nitrogen, the carbon dioxide capacity, or the sodium, potassium or chloride levels.
Stress-relaxation due to crack-craze interaction

Abstract Stress-relaxation occurs in precracked polystyrene specimens accompanied by discontinuous crack growth under fixed displacement conditions. Crack growth is associated with a localized zone of dense crazes. The elliptically shaped craze zone increases in length as well as width with time. A model based on the double layer potential method of elastostatics is proposed to account for the drop in stress due to interactive crack-craze growth. This model successfully explains the observed non-linear stress-relaxation behaviour in terms of crack growth and crazing density.
PREDICTORS OF SUBSEQUENT INTERVENTION AFTER INITIAL TREATMENT FOR ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION

Follow-up interventions are a common complication of acute aortic dissection (AAD), with published rates of additional procedures between 7.8%-23.2%. This study analyzed 931 patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection with available follow-up data (median 1.0 years (1
Cloning, overproduction, and purification of native and mutant recombinant yeast orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and the demonstration from magnetization inversion transfer that a proposed oxocarbocation intermediate does not have a kinetic lifetime.

Abstract The gene for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been subcloned into an Escherichia coli overexpression vector and the enzyme has been produced in large quantities, thus simplifying the purification to one step. We were able to repeat the published (J. Victor, L. B. Greenberg, and D. L. Sloan J. Biol. Chem. 254, 2647–2655, 1979). 32 PP i /5-phosphorylribose 1-α-diphosphate exchange experiments and could demonstrate the exchange by magnetization inversion transfer NMR experiments as well. However, when contaminating orotidine 5′-monophosphate (OMP) was eliminated with OMP decarboxylase, any evidence of magnetization transfer vanished. Consequently, it is concluded that a ping pong mechanism is not operable and that a previously proposed oxocarbocation intermediate along the pathway to OMP does not persist long enough in the catalytic cycle of this enzyme to be recognized by NMR exchange experiments.
“The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly”: evaluating the radiocarbon chronology of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic in the Enisei River valley, south-central Siberia

Abstract The 14C record for the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia has remained largely unevaluated and includes good, bad, and ugly dates. Too often researchers accept either all published dates or only those dates that tend to support proposed chronological hypotheses, regardless of sample quality and association. This article systematically evaluates all published 14C dates (including several newly obtained AMS dates) from middle and late Upper Paleolithic sites in the Enisei River valley of south-central Siberia to establish a reliable chronology for the region and address the tempo of modern human dispersals in Siberia during late Pleistocene times. The revised chronology indicates humans were present before and after the Last Glacial Maximum, but absent during this climatic event. Results also suggest that human population in the region may have increased during the Oldest Dryas.
The feasibility of using thermography to detect subsurface voids in painted wooden panels

Thermography is a technique whereby the construction or condition of objects is studied by means of precisely measuring temperature variations over the surfaces of such objects. Voids within solid structures tend to cause cold or hot spots on the surfaces of these structures as the whole object is heated or cooled slightly. Industrially, thermography is used to detect voids in cast and laminated structures. By studying areas of known voids in test panels, the described research indicated that voids as small as 1/8" in diameter beneath the gessoed surfaces of wooden panels could be resolved with a raster scanning radiometer, the principal instrument used for thermo- graphic studies. Smaller voids were discernible when they were grouped together. Only voids im- mediately beneath the gessoed surfaces of the test panels were detectible. Additional tests indi- cated that areas of simulated cleavage between the wood support and the gesso layers on the test panels could be detected thermographically. Thermography is the technique whereby the structure or condition of objects is studied by means of precisely measuring temperature variations over the surfaces of such objects. Research was undertaken to determine whether thermographic techniques could be ap- plied to the field of art conservation to detect subsurface voids within painted wooden panels. It must be stressed, however, that this research was carried out as a feasibility study with no attempt being made to establish or refine a technique that could be im- mediately applied to the examination of works of art. Blind cleavage and worm tunneling are two manifestations of the deterioration of panel paintings that can be difficult to detect. The term cleavage refers most often to a loss of bond between two paint layers, between a paint layer and the ground layer, or between the ground layer and its support. Blind cleavage is simply a form of cleavage that cannot be de- tected visually. Worm tunneling is the condition affecting panel paintings wherein insects
Gemini Interfaces in Aqueous Lubrication with Hydrogels

The sliding interfaces found in the body—within the eyes, the digestive system, and the articulating joints, for example—are soft and permeable yet extremely robust, possessing low friction. The common elements among these systems are hydrophilic biopolymer networks that provide physical surfaces, elasticity, and fluid permeability. Stiff, impermeable probes are traditionally used to assess the frictional properties of most surfaces, including soft, permeable materials. However, both sides of physiological articulating interfaces are soft and hydrated. Measuring the friction response on just one-half of the cornea–eyelid interface or the cartilage–cartilage interface using a stiff, impermeable probe may not reproduce physiological lubrication. Here, we present lubricity measurements of the interface between two soft, hydrated, and permeable hydrogels. We explore the distinctions between the self-mated “Gemini” hydrogel interface and hydrogels sliding against hard impermeable countersurfaces. A rigid impermeable probe sliding against a soft permeable hydrogel exhibits strong frictional dependence on sliding speed, and a hydrogel probe sliding against flat glass shows a strong friction dependence on time in contact. The twin Gemini interface shows very low friction μ < 0.06, with little dependence on sliding speed or time in contact. This consistently low-friction Gemini interface emulates the physiological condition of two like permeable surfaces in contact, providing excellent lubricity.
Two Cases of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is a rare disease process with approximately 40 cases reported in the literature. It is most often found in elderly female population and is associated with cholelithiasis and cigarette smoking. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment with wide surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy is the current standard of care. Notwithstanding prompt medical intervention, it is a disease with a poor prognosis. The pathology is characterized by early metastases and extensive local invasion. Herein, we report two cases of small cell carcinoma addressed at our institution. In both cases, a radical resection was performed with subsequent referral to oncology for additional therapy.
Transport of cyanide into guinea pig cardiac mitochondria.

Abstract The transport of cyanide (CN) into cells has been presumed to be by passive diffusion. Recently, there have been reports that CN, in the form of an anion, may enter the cell by active or facilitated transport. To characterize the mechanism(s) and kinetics of CN movement across the cell membrane, we measured the rate of 14CN (Na salt) uptake into guinea-pig mitochondria. Initial velocities of CN movement into mitochondria were determined at time points ranging from 10–100 msec and at CN concentrations ranging from 1 μM−10 mM using a rapid filtration device. A Hofstee plot of the data suggests that an active or facilitated transport predominates at lower CN concentrations (
Maximizing cross-functional new product teams' innovativeness and constraint adherence: A conflict communications perspective.

Increasing competition resulting from the global and technological nature of markets has heightened the need for businesses to rely on cross-functional new product teams to produce innovations in a...
Origins of Human Competence: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective.

OGBU, JOHN U. Origins of Human Competence: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 413-429. In this essay it is argued that child rearing in the family and similar micro settings in the early years of life and subsequent adolescent socialization are geared toward the development of instrumental competencies required for adult economic, political, and social roles. These cultural imperatives vary from 1 cultural group to another as do the required competencies. In the United States they are different for the white middle class and for minority groups like urban ghetto blacks. It follows that the conventional research approach which used white middle-class child-rearing practices and children's competencies as standards is not useful in understanding minority groups' child rearing and competencies. Rather, for cross-cultural research, a cultural-ecological model is proposed which is not ethnocentric and studies competence in the context of the cultural imperatives in a given population. Cross-cultural or intergroup comparison is appropriate if based on data from such contextual studies.
Metamorphism in chondrites

Abstract The concept of chondrites as metamorphic rocks is examined. Mineralogies of four chondrites whose textures indicate different degrees of thermal recrystallization are presented. It appears that relatively unmetamorphosed or “primary” chondritic material consisted of reduced chondrules (metallic iron, magnesian silicates) in an oxidized matrix (containing ultrafinegrained magnetite, no metallic iron). It is suggested that chondrules condensed as liquid droplets from cooling solar gases during the formation of the sun, later accreting into planets and asteroids. Such a process could account for the peculiar oxidation-reduction state of relatively unmetamorphosed chondrites, such as Renazzo.
The Repressive Function of AP2 Transcription Factor on the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Promoter

Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor is an important multifunctional growth factor whose gene expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that several cis-acting elements are present in the promoter and proximal promoter region of the HGF gene. In this study, we have uncovered that AP2 transcription factor specifically binds to a regulatory site located at −230 to −260 in the upstream region of the HGF gene promoter. Gelshift and supershift assays confirmed that AP2 has high binding affinity to this region. Functional studies which introduced a mutation in the AP2 core binding region as well as cotransfection experiments using an AP2 expression vector revealed that AP2 exerts a repressive role on the HGF gene promoter activity. The AP2 binding site overlaps with those of NF1 and USF/E-box binding sites which we have recently shown to constitute a composite multifunctional docking site for the members of the NF1 and USF transcription factor families. An inverse correlation was noted between AP2 binding activity to this composite site and HGF gene expression in different cell lines. Therefore, AP2-mediated repression of the HGF gene promoter may be part of the molecular mechanism responsible for regulating HGF expression.
Product Diversity, Economies of Scale, and International Trade

The paper develops new testable implications for monopolistic competition in the open economy. Within a two-sector model we explore how international trade affects plant size, the degree of product diversity, and excess capacity. The analysis then focuses on how trade affects the degree of domestic and international concentration, intersectoral capital mobility, and output in the competitive sector. Finally, we compare the model to the traditional Hecksher-Ohlin model and find that many of the central propositions still hold.
Regulation of Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem and lateral organ formation by microRNA miR166g and its AtHD-ZIP target genes.

Plant development is characterized by precise control of gene regulation, leading to the correct spatial and temporal tissue patterning. We have characterized the Arabidopsis jabba-1D ( jba-1D ) mutant, which displays multiple enlarged shoot meristems, radialized leaves, reduced gynoecia and vascular defects. The jba-1D meristem phenotypes require WUSCHEL ( WUS ) activity, and correlate with a dramatic increase in WUS expression levels. We demonstrate that the jba-1D phenotypes are caused by over-expression of miR166g , and require the activity of the RNase III helicase DCL1. miR166g over-expression in jba-1D plants affects the transcripts of several class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (AtHD-ZIP) family target genes. The expression of PHABULOSA ( PHB ) , PHAVOLUTA ( PHV ) and CORONA ( CNA ) is significantly reduced in a jba-1D background, while REVOLUTA ( REV ) expression is elevated and ATHB8 is unchanged. In addition, we show that miR166 has a dynamic expression pattern in wild-type and jba-1D embryos. Our analysis demonstrates an indirect role for miRNAs in controlling meristem formation via regulation of WUS expression, and reveals complex regulation of the class III AtHD-ZIP gene family.
Design and Analysis of High-Tension Lines De-Icing Device

To overcome the problem of the de-icing for high-voltage wire which is nowadays done artificially and dangerously, a kind of impact type de-icing device was designed in this paper. A cam and de-icing tool are designed specially for the device. The device can conduct deicing operation automatically and realize the automatic reciprocating walking on the transmission line. In conclusion, the impact type de-icing device for transmission line can effectively solve the problem of the ice coating on the transmission line and has a large value of reference and promotion.
Swelling of Polymeric Resins in Organic Solvents Induced by Dialkyldithio-Containing Extractants

The phenomenon of swelling resulting in volume transitions of cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) resins in organic solvents induced by bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acids is demonstrated. Observed volume transitions in resins are explained by the dithioacid−polymer complexation analogous to the surfactant-polymer association in aqueous media.
The perpendicular electron energy flux driven by magnetic fluctuations in the edge of the Texas Experimental Tokamak

A fast bolometer was used for direct measurements of parallel electron energy flux in the edge of the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT‐U) [K. W. Gentle, Nucl. Technol. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)]. The fluctuating component of the parallel electron energy flux, combined with a measurement of magnetic fluctuations, provides an upper limit to the perpendicular electron flux. This magnetically driven energy flux cannot account for the observed energy flux.