cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Integrative Approach to Evolution Education

Evolution is a difficult theory for students to understand. Part of the reason for this may be the tendency of instructors to teach evolution in the context of ecological systems, isolated from genetic and cellular mechanisms. To address this, we developed a set of integrative cases that consider the evolution of traits from the genetic scale to the macroecological scale. We implemented two of these cases in a biology course and tested their effectiveness using a pre-and postcourse assessment tool. Students who successfully learned evolution in a case context were better able to explain the molecular basis of mutation, to connect mutation to phenotypic change, and to make mechanistic links between genotypes and phenotypes. These gains were independent of the students' course achievement and precourse understanding of evolution. These findings support the hypothesis that students who acquire a molecular understanding of evolutionary mechanisms will have a better overall understanding of evolution.
I Lost My Homework: Strategies for Improving Organization in Students with ADHD.

Terry is a 10-year-old student of average intelligence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He was recently diagnosed as ADHD by his pediatrician because of his excessive activity,...
Mutant Rac1B expression in Dictyostelium: effects on morphology, growth, endocytosis, development, and the actin cytoskeleton.

Rac1 is a small G-protein in the Ras superfamily that has been implicated in the control of cell growth, adhesion, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. To investigate the role of Rac1 during motile processes, we have established Dictyostelium cell lines that conditionally overexpress epitope-tagged Dictyostelium discoideum wild-type Rac1B (DdRac1B) or a mutant DdRac1B protein. Expression of endogenous levels of myc- or GFP-tagged wild-type DdRac1B had minimal effect on cellular morphologies and behaviors. By contrast, expression of a constitutively active mutant (G12-->V or Q61-->L) or a dominant negative mutant (T17-->N) generated amoebae with characteristic cellular defects. The morphological appearance of actin-containing structures, intracellular levels of F-actin, and cellular responses to chemoattractant closely paralleled the amount of active DdRac1B, indicating a role in upregulating actin cytoskeletal activities. Expression of any of the three mutants inhibited cell growth and cytokinesis, and delayed multicellular development, suggesting that DdRac1B plays important regulatory role(s) during these processes. No significant effects were observed on binding or internalization of latex beads in suspension or on intracellular membrane trafficking. Cells expressing DdRac1B-G12V exhibited defects in fluid-phase endocytosis and the longest developmental delays; DdRac1B-Q61L produced the strongest cytokinesis defect; and DdRac1B-T17N generated intermediate phenotypes. These conditionally expressed DdRac1B proteins should facilitate the identification and characterization of the Rac1 signaling pathway in an organism that is amenable to both biochemical and molecular genetic manipulations.
Association Between Long-Term Lipid Profiles and Disease Severity in a Large Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term lipid profiles in a large cohort of IBD patients. Data of patients from an IBD registry who had more than one measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during the follow-up period were analyzed. The lipid profiles of IBD patients were compared to those of the general population according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2012). Quartiles of cholesterol or triglyceride levels in relation to surrogate markers of disease severity were analyzed. Seven hundred and one IBD patients [54 % Crohn’s disease (CD), 46 % ulcerative colitis (UC)] were included. IBD patients had less frequent high total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol (6 vs. 13 and 5 vs. 10 %) and more frequent low HDL and high triglycerides (24 vs. 17 and 33 vs. 25 %) compared to the general population (all p < 0.001). Median total cholesterol levels were lower and median triglycerides higher in CD compared to UC (171 vs. 184; 123 vs. 100 mg/dL; both p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, lipid profile was independently associated with hospitalizations (low cholesterol) and IBD surgeries (low cholesterol and high triglycerides). Low total cholesterol and high triglyceride levels are more frequent in IBD patients (in particular CD) compared to healthy controls and are independently associated with more severe disease.
Learning from the Interest Arbitration Experience: The Next Round

In final offer arbitration the decision of the arbitrator provides the parties with information about the preferences of the arbitrator that is not available prior to the award. Using data from Wisconsin teacher negotiations from 1977 to 1986, the authors find that the information contained in an award altered the parties' expectations about the arbitrator's preferences and influenced the subsequent negotiated settlement. The negotiated settlement following an award was higher when the union's final offer was selected than when the employer's offer was selected. In the round following an award, the variance in negotiated settlements declined, and the wage structure toward which the settlements converged was one that conformed with the arbitrator's views of fairness.
Voice, Influence or Security?: The Motives for Membership in Post-Communist Business Associations

This article investigates the incentives that lead firms to participate in business associations in the post-communist context. The central claim is that associational membership is highly conditioned by firms’ perceptions of the quality of the regulatory regime surrounding the firm. I demonstrate that under conditions of severe regulatory uncertainty, business participation in voluntary organizations is driven by the incentive to mitigate risks entailed in their relationship to the state, not by the prospect of gaining political advantages from government, which has been the conventional assumption governing many studies of business interest groups. In addition to augmenting firms’ capacity for a collective response to breaches by state agents, membership confers informational advantages, including advance notice on changes to existing rules, timely guidance on how to stay in compliance and pooled knowledge about how contradictory requirements may be interpreted and applied. Private organizations thus serve as intermediary mechanisms for risk mitigation that are more effective than both formal appeals for redress to the state and go-it-alone strategies that are individually available to firms.
Living in limbo: Being diagnosed with oral tongue cancer.

Objective: Oral tongue cancer presents clinical challenges to effective diagnosis that affect patient experience. Patient experience of the diagnostic process is poorly described, making opportunities for nursing intervention unclear. Methods: We qualitatively describe, using constant comparative analysis, oral tongue cancer diagnosis using data from a larger grounded theory study of oral tongue cancer survivorship. Using constant comparative analysis - in keeping with the methodology of the main study - we analyzed 16 survivor interviews for themes explaining the patient experience of oral tongue cancer diagnosis. Results: We termed the broader diagnostic process living in limbo. This process includes the themes describing the peri-diagnostic process itself - self-detected lesion, lack of concern, seeking help, not a straightforward diagnosis, and hearing the diagnosis. Entry into treatment concludes Living in Limbo and is described by the theme worry and trust. Conclusions: Our findings are limited by retrospective interviews and participant homogeneity among other features. Future research with prospective designs and diverse groups of people at risk for and diagnosed with oral tongue cancer, as well as targeting those who have had negative biopsies with no eventual diagnosis of oral tongue cancer, will build on our findings. Further, study of patient experience in other sociocultural context and healthcare systems is needed to inform nursing science and practice. Finally, living in limbo suggests that clinician and public education about oral tongue cancer diagnosis is needed.
S1Q3T3 pattern leading to early diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is common, however, being a fatal disease prompting early diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality. However, the varying clinical picture makes diagnosis difficult. The author reports a 56-year-old paraplegic man who presented with acute dyspnoea and discomfort in the chest. The patient had recently discontinued his anticoagulant use for prevention of venous thromboembolic disease. The ECG showed the finding of sinus tachycardia along with S wave …
Clinical utility of the list sign as a predictor of non-demyelinating disorders in a multiple sclerosis (MS) practice.

Objectives Not all patients referred for evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) meet criteria required for MS or related entities. Identification of markers to exclude demyelinating disease may help detect patients whose presenting symptoms are inconsistent with MS. In this study, we evaluate whether patients who present a self-prepared list of symptoms during an initial visit are less likely to have demyelinating disease and whether this action, which we term the “list sign,” may help exclude demyelinating disease. Methods Using chart review, 300 consecutive new patients who presented for evaluation to a neurologist at a tertiary MS referral center were identified retrospectively. Patients were defined as having demyelinating disease if diagnosed with MS or a related demyelinating condition. Results Of the 233 enrolled subjects, 157 were diagnosed with demyelinating disease and 74 did not meet criteria for demyelinating disease. Fifteen (8.4%) subjects had a positive list sign, of which 1 patient had demyelinating disease. The 15 subjects described a mean of 12.07 symptoms, and 8 of these patients met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for somatic symptom disorder. The specificity and positive predictive value of the list sign for non-demyelinating disease were 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.66–0.99), respectively. Conclusion A positive list sign may be useful to exclude demyelinating disease and to guide diagnostic evaluations for other conditions. Patients with a positive list sign also have a high incidence of somatic symptom disorder.
On the Viewpoint of Curriculum Value under Relation Mind

It is clarified that relation mind,as a new mind mode,will open a new window to dissolve the difficul-ties in curriculum value on the application of the curriculum value research.It is analyzed that relation course val-ue as the core and offering humanism care to the body as well as the correct understanding to the curriuclum value are effective strategies to dissolve curriculum value contradiction.
Relating the right key to the type A filling map and minimal defining chains

There are several combinatorial methods that can be used to produce type A Demazure characters (key polynomials). The alcove path model of Lenart and Postnikov provides a procedure that inputs a semistandard tableau T and outputs a saturated chain in the Bruhat order. The final permutation in this Bruhat chain determines a family of Demazure characters for which T contributes its weight. Separately, the right key of T introduced by Lascoux and Schutzenberger also determines a family of Demazure characters for which T contributes its weight. In this paper we show that the final permutation in this Bruhat chain corresponds bijectively to the right key of the tableau. We will also show that the minimal defining sequence for T , as introduced by Lakshmibai, Musili, and Seshadri, is a sub-chain of this Bruhat chain. Most notably their final elements coincide. From this it follows that the generating sets for the Demazure characters produced by these three methods are equivalent.
Anesthetic considerations in organ procurement surgery: a narrative review

While a few publications specify the anesthetic implications of either brain or cardiac death, they lack detail on how to provide anesthesia during organ donation surgery. We provide a thorough description of important anesthetic considerations during organ donation surgery in patients with either brain or cardiac death. A thorough literature review was undertaken to locate all relevant articles that describe systemic effects of brain and cardiac death and their anesthetic implications. We searched PubMed, Pubget, and EMBASE™ for relevant articles using the following search terms: anesthesia, management, donation cardiac death, donation brain death. In addition, we reviewed the relevant protocols at our own institution. Highly specific intraoperative management by an anesthesiologist is required during organ procurement after brain death. To manage the heart-beating brain-dead donor, the anesthesiologist must incorporate knowledge of the effects of brain death on each organ system as well as the effects of the preoperative measures that the donor required in the intensive care unit. It is also important to know which organs are going to be procured in order to establish specific goals and implement strategies (e.g., lung-protective ventilation or intraoperative glycemic control) to optimize donor outcome. During organ procurement after cardiac death, an anesthesiologist’s direct involvement is particularly important for lung donors. Anesthesiologist-guided physiological optimization of the brain-dead donor may be a factor in determining the outcome of the organ recipient. Additionally, anesthesiologists have an important role in helping to ensure that the highest quality and most appropriate care are rendered to non-heart-beating donors. This is achieved through establishing protocols in their hospitals for donation after cardiac death that maximize the number of available organs with the best chance for long-term graft viability.
The Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) when it is Comorbid in Patients with the Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS): A Focused Review

The central neurologic soft tissue pain condition, called fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and the autoimmune peripheral nerve injury condition, called chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), are both potentially disabling. Either condition can accompany an arthritis condition. The general population prevalence of FMS is about two percent, while CIDP is less common, at less than one percent. On this basis, overlap (being comorbid) of FMS and CIDP by chance would be expected in about two per ten thousand of the general population or in about one percent of persons with FMS. By contrast, these conditions are reported to be comorbid (i.e., FMS/ CIDP overlap) in thirty percent of FMS. This high level of association between FMS and CIDP has not yet been adequately explained. Fortunately, validated diagnostic criteria are available for both conditions so they can be distinguished from each other on the bases of established clinical criteria. A self-report questionnaire, based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria can be used as support for the clinician's diagnosis of FMS (sensitivity ninety six percent). CIDP can be diagnosed using the electrophysiology-based European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society criteria (sensitivity ninety six percent). Neurologic consultation is key to the diagnosis of CIDP. Lower extremity weakness and/or hyporeflexia in a patient with FMS should prompt consideration of FMS/CIDP. Many or all of the chronic manifestations of FMS/CIDP can improve with a course of intravenous immunoglobulin. There are potential risks associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, but clinicians and patients will often conclude that the severity of the impairment associated with FMS/CIDP justifies some therapeutic risk. The threshold for treatment of FMS/CIDP should be low because the potential for benefit is high.
Skill and Context

Few would deny that during the first few years of life, developing humans go through more profound psychological and behavioral changes than they will during the remaining 70 or so years of their lives. In 2 years’ time, the helpless newborn becomes a person who can purposely and appropriately explore and manipulate objects and environments, solve practical problems, and represent and communicate information through gesture, speech, and play. Investigators in different areas of early development—perceptual, cognitive, and socioemotional—all describe these achievements in terms of the infant having acquired certain skills. That is, infants become able to perform actions smoothly, without trial and error, to accomplish particular goals.
Establishment of a cell line for assessing drugs as canine P‐glycoprotein substrates: proof of principle

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene, dramatically impacts drug disposition. P-gp is expressed in the intestines, biliary canaliculi, renal tubules, and brain capillaries where it functions to efflux substrate drugs. In this capacity, P-gp restricts oral absorption, enhances biliary and renal excretion, and inhibits central nervous system entry of substrate drugs. Many drugs commonly used in veterinary medicine are known substrates for canine P-gp (vincristine, loperamide, ivermectin, others). Because these drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, defective P-gp function can cause serious adverse drug reactions due to enhanced brain penetration and/or decreased clearance. P-gp dysfunction in dogs can be intrinsic (dogs harboring ABCB1-1Δ) or acquired (drug interactions between a P-gp inhibitor and P-gp substrate). New human drug candidates are required to undergo assessment for P-gp interactions according to FDA and EMA regulations to avoid adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions. Similar information regarding canine P-gp could prevent adverse drug reactions in dogs. Because differences in P-gp substrates have been documented between species, one should not presume that human or murine P-gp substrates are necessarily canine P-gp substrates. Thus, our goal was to develop a cell line for assessing drugs as canine P-gp substrates.
Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation® and TM-Sidhi® Program and Reductions in Infant Mortality and Drug-Related Death: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis

These two studies tested the prediction that the group practice of a procedure for the development of consciousness, the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program, by a sufficiently large group of individuals would be sufficient to reduce collective stress in the larger population, reflected in two stress-related health indicators, infant mortality rate and drug-related fatality rate. Based on theoretical prediction and prior research, from January 2007 through 2010 (intervention period), this effect should have been measurable. Change in the rates of these two indicators during the intervention period were estimated from 2002 through 2010 data using a broken-trend (or segmented trend) intervention model with time series regression methods. Significant changes in trend for both the infant mortality rate and drug-related fatality rate were evident at the predicted time and in the predicted direction, controlling for preintervention trends, seasonality, and autocorrelation. The changes in trend were bo...
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Patients With Epilepsy, Stroke, and Multiple Sclerosis Using the Cleveland Clinic Knowledge Program Within the Neurological Institute.

Background Neurological conditions carry a high risk of depression. Given this risk, the Neurological Institute (NI) at Cleveland Clinic has initiated systematic screening for depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) embedded within its electronic medical record and its data capture system, the Knowledge Program (KP)1. Objective We sought to (1) estimate the prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy, stroke, and multiple sclerosis (MS); (2) identify risk factors for depression within each disease; and (3) determine differential risks and predictors across neurological disorders. Methods The KP1 database provided information on approximately 23,000 visits involving 7946 outpatients with epilepsy, stroke, or MS seen in neurology specialty clinics. The primary outcome measure was depression as defined as a PHQ-9 ≥ 10. Results Overall, the point prevalence of depression was 29.0%. For stroke, epilepsy, and MS, prevalence of depression was 23% (95% CI: 21–25%), 33% (95% CI: 31–35%), and 29% (95% CI: 28–30%), respectively. For all 3 conditions, increasing disease severity and decreased health-related quality of life were independent predictors of depression. In multivariable models, there was a significant interaction between age and condition, and condition with disease severity. In stroke and MS, increasing age was associated with reduced odds for depression, whereas in epilepsy, increasing age was associated with an increased odds for depression. Conclusions Although depression is common among patients with neurological disorders, our data suggest that predictors of depression such as age and disease severity varied by condition, supporting important possible phenomenological and pathophysiological differences of depression across these neurological conditions.
Normative spino-pelvic sagittal alignment of Lebanese asymptomatic adults: Comparisons with different ethnicities.

Abstract Background Normative values of sagittal alignment are used as references for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal pathologies. There are currently no reference values for the normative sagittal alignment of Lebanese subjects. The objective is to describe normative values of full body sagittal alignment parameters in asymptomatic Lebanese adults and to compare the sagittal alignment of this population to that of populations of various origins. Methods Included subjects were aged 18 to 28 years old. Each subject underwent a full body biplanar X-ray exam with measurement of spine, pelvis and lower limb parameters of sagittal alignment. The sagittal alignment of the Lebanese population was compared to that of other ethnicities, previously reported in the literature, using one-way ANOVA. Results Ninety-two asymptomatic Lebanese young adult volunteers (48 males, 44 females, age = 21.5 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled in this study. The mean curvature in the cervical spine was kyphotic (−4.3°) in women, while it was lordotic in men (5.4°). Men were found to be significantly more kyphotic than women (−58.3° vs. −53.0°; p Conclusions This study established reference normative values for young adult Lebanese subjects. Most women were found to have kyphotic cervical spines. The sagittal alignment of Lebanese subjects differed significantly compared to that of other ethnicities. Level of evidence Level IV – cross sectional study.
The Role of the Active Site Flap in Streptavidin/Biotin Complex Formation.

Obtaining a detailed description of how active site flap motion affects substrate or ligand binding will advance structure-based drug design (SBDD) efforts on systems including the kinases, HSP90, HIV protease, ureases, etc. Through this understanding, we will be able to design better inhibitors and better proteins that have desired functions. Herein we address this issue by generating the relevant configurational states of a protein flap on the molecular energy landscape using an approach we call MTFlex-b and then following this with a procedure to estimate the free energy associated with the motion of the flap region. To illustrate our overall workflow, we explored the free energy changes in the streptavidin/biotin system upon introducing conformational flexibility in loop3–4 in the biotin unbound (apo) and bound (holo) state. The free energy surfaces were created using the Movable Type free energy method, and for further validation, we compared them to potential of mean force (PMF) generated free energ...
The Contribution of Maternal and Paternal Self-Control to Child and Adolescent Self-Control: a Latent Class Analysis of Intergenerational Transmission

Recent research provides evidence of intergenerational continuity in self-control. This body of research, however, can be advanced in several ways to enhance our understanding of this association. We add to this literature by examining whether maternal and paternal self-control, assessed during a child’s infancy, is associated with latent classes of child self-control based on assessments from eight waves of data spanning age 4 to age 15. Supplementary analyses were also performed using ordinary least squares regression to examine individual child self-control at each of the eight waves. The results indicate that higher maternal and paternal self-control is associated with latent class membership characterizing higher child self-control. Moreover, maternal and paternal self-control were found to be equally consequential for differentiating between a low self-control relative to a moderate self-control class, whereas maternal self-control was a slightly stronger predictor than paternal self-control for differentiating a low self-control relative to a high self-control class. Supplementary OLS models revealed that both maternal and paternal self-control were statistically significant predictors of child self-control at 54 months of age and provided relatively equal contributions. But, as the child ages, the influence of paternal self-control appears to decrease as compared to maternal self-control. This study offers evidence that both maternal and paternal self-control are important for understanding the intergenerational continuity of self-control, but additional research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to better understand the relative importance of mothers and fathers for this continuity.
Overview of Machining Processes

This chapter summarizes some commonly used manufacturing processes so the potential user of the laser machining process can view it in its proper relation to the family of material removal processes. The chapter includes a review of common processes such as turning, drilling, milling and grinding, and provides a summary of attainable material removal rates, surface quality, and cost information for conventional machining processes.
The Androgen Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

The androgen receptor (AR) signals throughout the clinical course of prostate cancer, from localized disease to metastatic, and from castration-sensitive disease to castration-resistant. Recognition of the importance of the AR in patients with castration-resistant metastatic disease has led to the development of new agents that control disease, palliate symptoms, and extend life. For example, enzalutamide, a novel AR antagonist, has been shown to improve overall survival in two phase III clinical trials in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, resistance to anti-AR strategies, both intrinsic and acquired, highlights the continued importance of research and development in this field. In this chapter, we will review the biology of the AR, discuss the key aspects of therapy targeting the AR, review the discovery and development of enzalutamide, and evaluate other novel agents under investigation in clinical trials that target the AR.
The Phenomena of Pine’s “Four Psychologies”: Their Contrast and Interplay as Exhibited in the Beatles’ “White Album”

Psychoanalytically informed clinicians are frequently challenged with recognizing and integrating into their work the diverse phenomena central to differing psychoanalytic theoretical frameworks. In addressing this dilemma, Pine has formulated a "multiple model" that recognizes the qualitatively different psychological phenomena and the distinct motivational forces emphasized by what he calls "the four psychologies of psychoanalysis," the psychologies of drive, ego, object relations and self. This model makes it possible to describe individual personality organizations in terms of psychological hierarchies of the phenomena of the four psychologies. Use of this model promotes a particular kind of listening stance that facilitates recognition and use of a wide variety of clinical data. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated through its application to a creative work, the Beatles' "White Album." This application shows the utility of Pine's psychological hierarchies in describing differing personality organizations, the "multiple functions" mental events can represent through serving the motives of multiple psychologies, and the frequent interactions that occur between the differing psychological phenomena. Pine's model facilitates a recognition that an important quality found in works by the Beatles is their demonstration in strikingly clear form, of the qualitatively different aspects of human experience emphasized by the four psychologies. The accessibility of Beatles music makes it a potentially valuable teaching tool for demonstrating Pine's model.
Bacterial and fungal infections during cancer chemotherapy

The cancer patient is susceptible to infection due to a complex interplay between his tumor and its therapy. Patients with hematological malignancies often have neutropenia, lymphopenia and impairment in antibody production and cellular immunity due to their neoplastic disease. Patients with solid tumors may have impairment of host defense mechanisms as their disease progresses. In addition tumor masses may become necrotic, or may obstruct drainage from body sites resulting in infection. Most antitumor agents also cause myelosuppression, immunosuppression and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract which facilitates invasion by enteric organisms. The use of combination chemotherapy has increased our capabilities of treating patients with extensive malignancies but has also increased their susceptibility to infectious complications. As better modalities of cancer therapy become available, the diagnosis and management of infections will become increasingly important.
The Genomic Geography and Evolution of Clusters of Tandemly Duplicated Genes in the Human and Mammal Genomes

Abstract Clusters of duplicated genes (CTDGs) are nearly ubiquitous in life’s genomes, and are associated with several well-known gene families, such as olfactory receptors, zinc fingers, and immunity-related genes, as well as with several highly variable traits, including olfaction, body plan architecture, and pathogen resistance. However, these observations are usually anecdotal, restricted to specific cases, and lacking evolutionary context. In this study, we use a robust statistical approach to characterize the CTDG repertoire and analyze the distribution of CTDGs across 18 mammal genomes, including human. We found that, on average, 18% of the genes in each species are parts of CTDGs. Although genes in CTDGs are enriched for several biological processes, these tend to be involved in the interactions between the organism and its environment. We further found that mammalian CTDGs are not uniformly distributed across chromosomes and that orthologs of the human chromosome 19 are among the most clustered chromosomes in nearly all mammalian genomes analyzed. We also found evidence that the human chromosome 19 was formed by a fusion event that occurred before the diversification of the rodent and primate lineages and maintained its high density of CTDGs during its subsequent evolution. Finally, using chromosome-level alignments across mammalian genomes, we show how the syntenic regions of the human chromosome 19 have been shrinking, increasing their gene density and possibly increasing the compactness of its CTDGs. These results suggest that CTDGs are a major feature of mammalian genomes and provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of regions with unusually high densities of CTDGs.
Do Zebrafish Obey Lipinski Rules

The use of zebrafish in whole organism phenotypic assays has become a valuable strategy throughout the drug discovery process. Zebrafish assays can be used not only to screen libraries of compounds at the earliest stages but also to evaluate advanced leads for their effects on specific biological pathways or for toxicity. However, when confronted with inactivity of a compound in a zebrafish assay, there are little data that can be used to judge if the compound is truly biologically inert or inactive due to a lack of permeability into the model organism. While medicinal chemistry principles suggest parameters that are predictive of human oral bioavailability, cellular permeability, and even bacterial permeability, there have been no such parameters developed for zebrafish absorption. To address this question, we compiled a set of 700 compounds reported in the literature to be active in zebrafish assays, evaluated their properties, and compared them to properties derived from a set of historical drugs and a set of recently approved oral drugs. While some properties overlap, the averages and 10th and 90th percentiles of molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient (logP), H-bond counts, and polar surface area for zebrafish-active compounds are statistically different from those of known drugs. This analysis should be useful to scientists interpreting structure-activity relationships based on data from zebrafish assays and help to inform the translation from fish to mammals.
Delayed Current Zero Crossing Characteristics for Circuit Breaker Interrupting Short-Circuit Current Following Permanent Single-phase Ground Fault on Short 1000kV AC Lines

For double or multiple circuits of 1000kV lines on the same tower, where a permanent single-phase ground fault occurs on one circuit, delayed current zero crossing may take place during single-phase reclosing of circuit breaker. This may overburden and even damage the breaker. This paper uses the ATP-EMTP program to simulate various operating conditions of a 1000kV system with varying grid configuration, line length, number of circuits, time of single-phase reclosing and location of fault, and proposes the probability of occurrence of delayed current zero crossing accordingly.
Positive Correlation between P Wave Analysis and Severity of Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Purpose Two separate studies by Morris et al. in 1964 and then He at al. in 2017 were able to show a direct relationship between P wave analysis and valvular heart disease and ischemic stroke, respectively. We hope to continue this progress by establishing a relationship between P wave morphology, duration, PR interval, and P wave terminal force with the severity of Heart Failure with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction in our patient population. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a specific subset of patients who were admitted to the hospital for decompensated heart failure. These patients were classified into either the Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group after transthoracic echos were reviewed, with Syngo, using the current ASE guideline for diastolic dysfunction. Their admission ECGs were also reviewed, using MUSE, with specific attention paid to P wave analysis. We manually measured their p wave duration in sec, PR interval in sec, P wave morphology, and P wave height. The P wave terminal force was then calculated for each patient. All these patients were then compared to patient without any systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Results Our analysis showed a statistically significant correlation with specific P wave analysis in the each subgroup of heart failure patients, when compared to our control group. Patient's with HFpEF had a higher incidence of a parabolic p wave shape (p=0.04), while patient's with HFrEF had a higher incidence of bifid p wave shape (p=0.045). We also noted a significantly higher terminal force by over 11% in both our analysis group compare to control (HFpEF 11.9% vs HFrEF 11.3%; p=0.05). The terminal force cut off for each subgroup was higher than previously noted in prior studies. Subanalysis also yielded a direct correlation with terminal force and severity of heart failure in both HFpEF and HFrEF with a strong, positive, relative linear relationship (Pearson Correlation of 0.609 and r of 0.63) likely suggesting more severe remodeling of the atria as LV function declines. Conclusion Our retrospective analysis suggests another non-invasive diagnostic tool via P wave analysis from an EKG to help diagnose different forms of heart failure, such as HFpEF and HFrEF. Concurrently, calculation of the p wave terminal force can also help determine the severity of both systolic and diastolic heart failure.
The Incidence and Risk Factors of Scaphoid Fracture Associated With Radial Head and Neck Fracture in Trauma Patients.

Background Scaphoid and radial head fractures are two injuries derived from the common fall on outstretched hand. How these injuries are related has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for having concomitant proximal radius and scaphoid fractures. The goal was to identify at-risk patient populations and drive improvement in diagnosis and management of these injuries. Methods A retrospective review of the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 through 2012 identified 11,309 patients with proximal radius fracture, and, as a proxy for low-energy injury, an injury severity score of less than 15. These patients were then categorized by presence of concomitant scaphoid injury. Presence of scaphoid fracture was then analyzed based on age, sex, race, trauma type, mechanism, and injury severity score. Results Three hundred seventy-eight (3%) scaphoid fractures among the 11,309 proximal radius fractures were identified. Both age and sex reached statistical significance as risk factors for concomitant scaphoid and radial head injury. There was an incremental increase in risk for concomitant injury with younger age. Subset analysis demonstrated a 10% incidence of concomitant fractures in men aged 18 to 30 years. Discussion This study provides a better understanding of how these two fractures are related. There is a markedly higher risk for concomitant injuries in male and young patients, especially those whose mechanism is a fall. Close examination of the wrist should be performed for any proximal radius fracture, and any pain should be a cause for further investigation of scaphoid injury.
Controlling wettability, wet strength, and fluid transport selectivity of nanopaper with atomic layer deposited (ALD) sub-nanometer metal oxide coatings

Nanocellulosic films (nanopapers) are of interest for packaging, printing, chemical diagnostics, flexible electronics and separation membranes. These nanopaper products often require chemical modification to enhance functionality. Most chemical modification is achieved via wet chemistry methods that can be tedious and energy intensive due to post-processing drying. Here, we discuss the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD), a vapor phase modification technique, to quickly and simply make nanopaper hydrophobic and enhance its wet strength and durability. Specifically, we find that just “a few” ALD cycles (≤10) of either aluminum oxide or titanium oxide is sufficient to significantly increase the durability of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) paper in aqueous media, even under aggressive sonication conditions. Keeping the number of ALD cycles low makes the process more scalable for commodity manufacturing. We investigate whether this increase in wet strength is due to enhanced hydrophobic attractions or stronger hydrogen bonding between CNF fibers. The current evidence suggests that the latter mechanism is likely dominant, with ab initio calculations suggesting that newly created M–OH terminations on the cellulose nanofibrils increase hydrogen bond strength between fibers and impede CNF hydration and dispersion. ALD treated nanopapers are also found to preferentially transport hexane over water, suggesting their potential use in oil/water demulsification devices.
Thin Solid Electrolyte Layers Enabled by Nanoscopic Polymer Binding

To achieve high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), solid-state electrolytes (SE) must be thin, mechanically robust, and possess the ability to form low resistance interfaces with electrode m...
Life is about Choices Moralische Bildung im Rahmen der medienpädagogischen Arbeit mit Computerspielen

Unterschiedlichste Spielmittel durchziehen den heutigen Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen, wobei seit geraumer Zeit fur kommerzielle Zwecke erstelltes Spielzeug den grosten Raum einnimmt. Computerspiele sind darunter eine der beliebtesten Spielmoglichkeiten. Video- und Computerspiele nehmen derzeit einen immer groseren Platz im Spielerepertoire von Jugendlichen, aber auch von Kindern im Grund- und Vorschulalter ein (vgl. mpfs, 2016 & 2017).
Traveling through spatial repertoires and mathematics: chronotopes of physics discourse and instructional practices

This paper examines the chronotopic nature of physics discourse and instructional practices that are mediated through the integration of disciplinary spatial repertoires and mathematical symbolic s...
Are Improvements Still Needed to the Modified Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: a Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014)?

To address concerns that the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) unfairly penalized safety net hospitals treating patients with high social and functional risks, Medicare recently modified HRRP to compare hospitals with similar proportions of high-risk, dual-eligible patients (“peer group hospitals”). Whether the change fully accounts for patients’ social and functional risks is unknown. Examine risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) and hospital penalties after adding patient-level social and functional and community-level risk factors. Using 2000-2014 Medicare hospital discharge, Health and Retirement Study, and community-level data, latent factors for patient social and functional factors and community factors were identified. We estimated RSRRs for peer groups and by safety net status using four hierarchical logistic regression models: “base” (HRRP model); “patient” (base plus patient factors); “community” (base plus community factors); and “full” (all factors). The proportion of hospitals penalized was calculated by safety net status. 20,255 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (65+) with eligible index hospitalizations RSRRs Half of safety net hospitals are in peer group 5. Compared with other hospitals, peer group 5 hospitals (most dual-eligibles) treated sicker, more functionally limited patients from socially disadvantaged groups. RSRRs decreased by 0.7% for peer groups 2 and 4 and 1.3% for peer group 5 under the patient and full (versus base) models. Measured performance improved after adjusting for patient risk factors for hospitals in peer group 4 and 5 hospitals, but worsened for those in peer groups 1, 2, and 3. Under the patient (versus base) model, fewer safety net hospitals (48.7% versus 51.3%) but more non-safety net hospitals (50.0% versus 49.1%) were penalized. Patient-level risk adjustment decreased RSRRs for hospitals serving more at-risk patients and proportion of safety net hospitals penalized, while modestly increasing RSRRs and proportion of non-safety net hospitals penalized. Results suggest HRRP modifications may not fully account for hospital variation in patient-level risk.
Continuous glucose monitoring: The achievement of 100 years of innovation in diabetes technology.

Monitoring of glucose levels is essential to effective diabetes management. Over the past 100 years, there have been numerous innovations in glucose monitoring methods. The most recent advances have centered on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that use of continuous glucose monitoring confers significant glycemic benefits on individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Ongoing improvements in accuracy and convenience of CGM devices have prompted increasing adoption of this technology. The development of standardized metrics for assessing CGM data has greatly improved and streamlined analysis and interpretation, enabling clinicians and patients to make more informed therapy modifications. However, many clinicians many be unfamiliar with current CGM and how use of these devices may help individuals with T1DM and T2DM achieve their glycemic targets. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of current CGM systems and provide guidance to clinicians for initiating and utilizing CGM in their practice settings.
COVID-19: Harbinger of a New Psychology of Religion for Postcolonial Societies

Religious practice, like every other human affair, was altered at the onset of the pandemic. The paper argues that the “home church” as a Christian expression of religiosity during Covid-19, for instance, was a signal to something new at least in the theoretical realms of religion. More strongly, it was a vindication of postcolonial native societies (of Africa) whose indigenous spiritualities were thwarted and/or abolished during the colonial era. The pandemic is theorized as a wake-up call for agency in these societies. The theorization relies upon Piaget’s psychological “techniques” of accommodation and assimilation, opening various channels to answering the questions: what was assimilated during colonialism that should have been accommodated and vice versa? And how has the pandemic uncovered that error of inversion?
Novel gel bolus to improve impedance-based measurements of esophageal cross-sectional area during primary peristalsis.

Introduction Intraluminal esophageal impedance (ILEE) has the potential to measure esophageal luminal distension during swallow-induced peristalsis in the esophagus. A potential cause of inaccuracy in the ILEE measurement is the swallow-induced air in the bolus. Aim Compare a novel gel bolus to the current alternatives for the measurement of impedance-based luminal distension (cross-sectional area, CSA) during primary peristalsis. Methods 12 healthy subjects were studied using high-resolution impedance manometry (HRMZ) and concurrently performed intraluminal ultrasound (US) imaging of the esophagus. Three test bolus materials were used: 1) novel gel, 2) 0.5 N saline, and 3) commercially available Diversatek EFTV viscous. Testing was performed in the supine and Trendelenburg (-15°) positions. US imaging assessed air in the bolus and luminal CSA. The Nadir impedance values were correlated to the US measured CSA. A custom Matlab software was used to assess the bolus travel times and impedance-based luminal CSA. Results The novel gel bolus had the least amount of air in the bolus during its passage through the esophagus, as assessed by US image analysis. The novel gel bolus in the supine and Trendelenburg positions had the best linear fit between the US measured CSA and nadir impedance value (R2 = 0.88 & R2 = 0.90). The impedance-based calculation of the CSA correlated best with the US measured CSA with the use of the novel gel bolus. Conclusion We suggest the use of novel gel to assess distension along with contraction during routine clinical HRM testing.
Does the diagnostic modality for upper tract urothelial carcinoma prior to radical nephroureterectomy influence the risk of subsequent intravesical recurrence

405Background: The diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is frequently obtained via diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS) with biopsy. In a recent meta-analysis of five retrospective series ...