cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of next-generation photolabile copper cages with improved copper binding properties

Seven new nitrogen-donor ligands that contain a photoactive nitrophenyl group within the ligand backbone have been prepared and evaluated for their binding affinity for copper(II) and zinc(II). Among this series, the ligand 3Gcage (pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {1-(2-nitro-phenyl)-3-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-propyl}-amide) has the best affinity for copper(II), with an apparent dissociation constant at pH 7.4 of 0.18 fM. Exposure of buffered aqueous solutions of 3Gcage or Cu(II)-bound 3Gcage to UV light induces bond cleavage in the ligand backbone, which reduces the denticity of the ligands. The quantum yields of photolysis for 3Gcage in the absence and presence of Cu(II) are 0.66 and 0.43, respectively. Prior to photolysis, the 3Gcage ligand inhibits copper from generating hydroxyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; however, hydroxyl radical formation increases by more than 300% following light activation, showing that the reactivity of the copper center can be triggered by light.
Validation of a method for quantifying carotid artery calcification from panoramic radiographs

Objective Carotid artery calcification can be visualized on panoramic radiographs. Incidental observation of these calcifications could identify patients in need of further screening. The purpose of this study was to validate the assessment and quantification of calcification on panoramic radiographs with the stenosis and the calculated resistive index (RI) from Doppler ultrasonography. Study design Digital panoramic radiographs were used to assess the area of carotid artery calcification using tools available in NIH's ImageJ. Inpatient and outpatient discharge records were reviewed to identify subjects with a completed carotid Doppler ultrasound exam (n = 122). Results The quantification of carotid artery calcification was found to correlate well with the degree of stenosis (area under the curve [AUC] 0.81 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64, 0.98]) and the RI of the common carotid artery (AUC 0.79 [95% CI 0.59, 0.98]). Conclusion This method for quantification of carotid artery calcification could identify patients in need of further evaluation.
Absorption and Glucuronylation of Diethylstilbestrol by the Rat Small Intestine

1. The absorption and glucuronylation of [14C]diethylstilbestrol (DES) were studied in situ in segments of rat small intestine.2. DES glucuronide accounted for nearly 50% of the methanol-soluble radioactive material appearing in the intestinal venous blood.3. There was no difference between DES glucuronide formation in intestinal segments near the pyloric sphincter and in segments located near the ileo-caecal junction.4. The appearance of DES and its glucuronide in the venous blood of aborally-located segments was dose-dependent from 0·1 to 5 mM, but in orally-located segments, an increase in DES concn. from 2 to 5 mM produced no increase in DES or its glucuronide in the venous blood. In neither of these intestinal regions was the rate of appearance of DES or DES glucuronide dependent upon intestinal blood flow.5. The results indicate that intestinal glucuronylation of certain compounds during absorption may be significant over a wide range of concn. in all regions of the intestine.
Hepatic Artery Mycotic Aneurysm Associated with Staphylococcal Endocarditis with Successful Treatment: Case Report with Review of the Literature

Mycotic hepatic artery aneurysm is a vascular pathology associated with bacterial endocarditis. It is rare in occurrence after the introduction of effective antibiotics. We present a young patient with injection drug abuse associated staphylococcal endocarditis which was successfully treated with antibiotics and valve replacement who presented with abdominal pain. He was found to have mycotic aneurysm of hepatic artery which was successfully treated with coil embolization.
The Genetics of Psoriasis: A Complex Disorder of the Skin and Immune System

In the last few years, molecular genetics analyses have permitted novel insights into psoriasis, a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of keratinocytes and recruitment of T cells into the skin. The disease affects approximately 1-2% of the Caucasian population and can occur in association with other inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease and in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Given that psoriasis has characteristics of an autoimmune disease, it is not surprising that HLA studies revealed an association with certain alleles, notably HLA-Cw6. Despite this HLA component, psoriasis in some families is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. Loci at chromosome 17q25 and 4q have been identified following genome-wide linkage scans of large, multiply affected families. In the case of at least the susceptibility locus at 17q25, the development of psoriasis does not require the presence of HLA-Cw6. Sib-pair analyses have confirmed the association with HLA-Cw6, confirmed the existence of a locus at 17q25 and identified other possible susceptibility loci. Two independent groups have reported a third region on chromosome 20p. Despite these findings, the extent of genetic heterogeneity and the role of environmental triggers and modifier genes is still not clear. The precise role of HLA also still needs to be defined. The isolation of novel susceptibility genes will provide insights into the precise biochemical pathways that control this disease. Such pathways will also reveal additional candidate genes that can be tested for molecular alterations resulting in disease susceptibility.
Improving the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy: results of a statewide quality improvement project.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the statewide outcomes for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and to facilitate improvement in outcomes through feedback, peer discussion, and ongoing process and outcome measurement. Methods: The Medicare Part A claims files were used to identify all Medicare patients undergoing CEA in Iowa during two 12-month time periods (January 1994–December 1994 and June 1995–May 1996). Medical record abstraction was used to obtain surgical indications, perioperative care process, and outcome information. Confidential reports were provided to each hospital (N = 30) where the procedure was performed. Surgeons performing the procedure (N = 79) were invited to meetings to discuss care process variation and outcomes. Voluntary participation was solicited in a standardized program of ongoing hospital-based data collection of CEA process and outcome data. Results: The statewide combined stroke or mortality rate decreased from 7.8% in 1994 to 4.0% in the 1995 to 1996 time period ( P P Conclusions: Confidential feedback of outcome and process data for CEA may lead to change in perioperative care processes and improved outcomes. Standardized community-based outcome analysis should become routine for CEA to ensure that optimum results are being achieved. (J Vasc Surg 2000;31:918-26.)
Processing of Molybdenum Disilicide Using a New Reactive Vapor Infiltration Technique

Processing of MoSi[sub 2] via a lower-temperature reactive vapor infiltration route is explored. In this process a loosely compacted molybdenum powder is exposed to a gaseous silicon precursor. Initially, a surface MoSi[sub 2] layer forms and, as the process proceeds, a distinct reaction front moves progressively inward. At 1,200 C, the silicide layer grows at a rate of about 20 [mu]m/h. The MoSi[sub 2] layer is of the high-temperature tetragonal phase. No excess silicon or molybdenum is present, unlike in chemically vapor deposited molybdenum silicide. Irrespective to the volumetric increases involved in siliciding molybdenum to MoSi[sub 2], none of the samples, silicided between 1,100 and 1,300 C, show swelling or surface cracks.
A Method of Amplitude Analysis of EMG Interference Pattern

Automatic interference pattern analysis (IPA) methods are powerful tools to provide information about muscle performance, for both diagnostic and non-diagnostic purposes. Generally used IPA methods includes zero-crossing, spike- counting, amplitude measurement, integration of the IP, decomposition, power spectrum analysis and turn/amplitude analysis(TAA). Of these method, the most well-established and evaluated methods among these are TAA modifications, which relies on the determination of the number of turning points of the IP that are separated from the preceding and following turning points by an amplitude difference greater than a given threshold value, usually 100 muV (turns). Evaluated variables include the turns/second (T/S), amplitude/turn (AT), T/S: AT, duration between turns, upper centile amplitude (UCA), and so on. Our study follows the idea to design a comparatively easier, applicable method based on the TAA technique which perform evaluation of muscles by counting the real-time peaks surpass pre-set thresholds.
Entropy and semi-conjugacy in dimension two

We prove that if a diffeomorphism f of a closed surface is homotopic to and has the same topological entropy as a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism g, then f is semi-conjugate to g. As part of the proof, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for a pseudo-orbit of a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism g to be shadowed by an actual orbit of g.
Adrenal function in patients receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Abstract Adrenal and pituitary function studies consisting of ACTH stimulation and SU-4885 tests were performed on ten patients before and during medroxyprogesterone acetate injections for one year. Plasma cortisols and urinary excretion rates of 17-ketosteroid and 17-ketogenic steroids were measured before and during the test. The following observations were noted: (a) baseline plasma cortisol levels were lower after receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate injections; (b) with ACTH stimulation, 17-ketogenic steroids and plasma cortisol showed a normal response, whereas the excretion rates of urinary 17-ketosteroids showed variable responses; (c) with SU-4885, the increases in urinary 17-ketogenic steroid excretion rates in subjects receiving MPA was less than that observed prior to MPA, again, the 17-ketosteroid excretion rates were variable.
Propagation of Vinca minor by Single-node Cuttings

Abstract Stems of three Vinca minor L. cultivars (‘Bowles Variety’, ‘Dart's Blue’, and ‘Sterling Silver’) were collected on four dates (January, April, July, and October) and prepared as single-node cuttings, either from the distal 10 cm (4 in) of the stem or from the section of the stem just proximal to that. The cuttings were treated with mixtures of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in 50% ethanol at concentrations of 0, 1000 + 500, 2000 + 1000, or 3000 + 1500 ppm (0, 0.1 + 0.05, 0.2 + 0.1, or 0.3 + 0.15%) (IBA + NAA). They were then placed under intermittent mist for rooting. Highest rooting percentages occurred with the 1000 + 500 ppm IBA + NAA treatment. For cuttings taken in October, the proximal cuttings rooted at somewhat higher percentages than the distal cuttings (85 vs. 77%) but at other times, stem position had little effect on rooting. Optimum time of year for rooting varied with cultivar but all cultivars rooted well in October.
Heteroaggregation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanoparticles of Pyrolyzed Biomass

Heteroaggregation with indigenous particles is critical to the environmental mobility of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). We studied heteroaggregation of ceria nanoparticles (n-CeO2), as a model for metal oxide ENM, with nanoparticles of pyrogenic carbonaceous material (n-PCM) derived from pecan shell biochar, a model for natural chars and human-made chars used in soil remediation and agriculture. The TEM and STEM images of n-PCM identify both hard and soft particles, both C-rich and C,O,Ca-containing particles (with CaCO3 crystals), both amorphous and “onion-skin” C-rich particles, and traces of nanotubes. Heteroaggregation was evaluated at constant n-CeO2, variable n-PCM concentration by monitoring hydrodynamic diameter by dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential under conditions where n-PCM is “invisible”. At pH 5.3, where n-CeO2 and n-PCM are positively and negatively charged, respectively, and each stable to homoaggregation, heteroaggregation is favorable and occurs by a charge neutralization–charge r...
Modulation of the Deswelling Temperature of Thermoresponsive Microgel Films

We demonstrate fine-tuning of the deswelling temperatures of thermoresponsive microgels within a biologically relevant range (30–40 °C). This was achieved by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide and N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPAm and NIPMAm, respectively) in varying ratios; the parent homopolymers are well-known thermoresponsive polymers. Polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies of these microgels retain the temperature response properties as demonstrated by temperature-dependent light scattering. Furthermore, films composed of more than one type of microgel building block were shown to have multiple temperature responses similar to those observed for the individual building blocks, permitting further tailoring of the temperature responsive interface. Additional experiments with mixed composition films, investigating multiple assembly processes, show that the location of the microgels within the film does not interfere with the temperature response. This suggests that microgels within the polyele...
Contributions to Our Knowledge of Western Montana Fungi—II Phycomycetes

(1928). Contributions to Our Knowledge of Western Montana Fungi—II Phycomycetes. Mycologia: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 158-179.
The Mixed Disc Packing Problem: Part I: Some Bounds on Density

Abstract Packing problems in general constitute a difficult set of problems which still defy solution The determination of bounds on the solution of such problems can, however, provide insight concerning the problem and can help in the development of new solution procedures. This paper, Part I, develops some bounds on the density of packing mixed discs on a circular plate. A methodology is proposed which formulates the problem as a linear program and requires the generation of feasible packings. The procedure for testing feasible packings, the solution algorithm, and results of experimentation are discussed in Part II, to appear in the next issue.
“The Apotheosis of Glory”: Surveying Social History

In her celebrated memoir of immigrant working-class life at the turn of the century, Mary Antin described one of her greatest ambitions. "It seemed to me the apotheosis of glory," she recalled, "to be even briefly mentioned in an encyclopedia." While others hungered for a different kind of afterlife, Antin dreamed that "after my death my name would surely be printed in the encyclopaedia."1 Mary Antin has realized her ambition. Her name appears in the index of the new Encyclopedia of American Social History, but there may be somewhat less glory in this inclusion than Antin anticipated. In this particular encyclopedia, she shares her moment in the sun with Al Capone, Gerald L. K. Smith, and Madonna. Although she might derive some satisfaction from knowing that Kate Chopin, Aaron Copland, and Albert Einstein appear there too, what would Antin make of the entries for Timothy Leary, Mae West, orJerry Lee Lewis, not to mention ACT-UP, Club Med, or Attica Penitentiary?2 Encyclopedias have changed since Antin's day. From her perspective, inclusion in an encyclopedia served as a symbol of respectability as well as recognition. It was "the apotheosis of glory" because it meant acknowledgment and validation by an institution of intellectual authorityan honor that might erase the hardship and humiliation of her ethnic, immigrant, working-class childhood. In her eagerness to assure herself and her readers that she belonged in America, that she could surmount the stigma of her social subordination, Antin envisioned an entry as tangible proof of acceptance and accomplishment. In her framework, encyclopedic knowledge concerned itself with the distinction and achievements of individuals; it separated the worthy from the unworthy.
Language Development and CSWSS Epilepsy Syndrome

Linguistic and pragmatic skills (comprehension that is context dependent) were examined in 10 right-handed children and adolescents with the continuous spike-waves during slow sleep syndrome (CSWSS) and compared to that of a control population of 36 children, in a study at CHRU de Tours and Universite Francois Rabelais, Tours, France.
Why Drop a Paywall? Mapping Industry Accounts of Online News Decommodification

Why is news sometimes free? Although the commercial press’s history is, in part, the search for new forms of commodification, journalism sometimes distances itself from commerce and economically decommodifies its work. We investigate one such moment in the form of “paywall exceptions”: instances when online news organizations drop or temporarily reconfigure their paywalls to let news circulate unmetered among subscribers and nonsubscribers alike. We document 69 exceptions from 1999 to 2015, categorize publishers’ publicly stated rationales, and reflect on what they reveal about the networked press’s negotiations between democratic and commercial logics.
Medication Nonadherence: The Role of Cost, Community, and Individual Factors.

Objective To explain the association of out-of-pocket (OOP) cost, community-level factors, and individual characteristics on statin therapy nonadherence. Data Sources BlueCross BlueShield of Texas claims data for the period of 2008–2011. Study Design A retrospective cohort of 49,176 insured patients, aged 18–64 years, with at least one statin refill during 2008–2011 was analyzed. Using a weighted proportion of days covered ratio, differences between adherent and nonadherent groups are assessed using chi-squared tests, t-tests, and a clustered generalized linear model with logit link function. Principal Findings Statin therapy adherence, measured at 48 percent, is associated with neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors, including race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty level. Individual characteristics influencing adherence include OOP medication cost, gender, age, comorbid conditions, and total health care utilization. Conclusions This study signifies the importance of OOP costs as a determinant of adherence to medications, but more interestingly, the results suggest that other socioeconomic factors, as measured by neighborhood-level variables, have a greater association on the likelihood of adherence. The results may be of interest to policy makers, benefit designers, self-insured employers, and provider organizations.
Parallel iterative methods for Bregman strongly nonexpansive operators in reflexive Banach spaces

The purpose of this paper is to introduce two parallel iterative methods which are based on the hybrid projection and shrinking projection methods to find a common fixed point of a finite family of Bregman strongly nonexpansive operators in a reflexive Banach space X. And we also give some applications of main results for some related problems.
RhII-Catalyzed β-C(sp2)−H Alkylation of Enol Ethers, Enamides and Enecarbamates with α-Diazo Dicarbonyl Compounds

A RhII -catalyzed method for intermolecular alkylation of the β-C(sp2 )-H bond of enol ethers, enamides, and enecarbamates with α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is reported. The products are formed in up to 99 % yield and can be readily derivatized under a variety of conditions. By utilizing a combination of experimental and computational studies, the presumptive addition-elimination reaction mechanism was investigated and found to proceed under thermodynamic control at higher temperature. The acquired fundamental knowledge was translated into a strategic reaction design and yielded the first example of the β-C-H functionalizations of acyclic enol ethers using α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Compositional variability of Pleistocene land snail assemblages preserved in a cinder cone volcano from Tenerife, Canary Islands

Abstract A Pleistocene land snail rich scoria sequence was studied to determine if it was influenced by taphonomic bias, climate change, or both, using a multifaceted approach that combines taphonomic, ecological, body size, and stable isotope data. Shell assemblages were sampled from two layers (Units A and B) in a cinder cone volcano of southern Tenerife (Canary Islands), dated to the glacial interval MIS 8 (~ 299–302 ka). The two units differed in taphonomy, species composition, and abundance, with the upper Unit B showing higher diversity, abundance, and lower alteration than the lower Unit A. Larger bodied species dominated Unit A and were better preserved than smaller species. These mismatches likely resulted from physical differences in the sediment matrix surrounding fossils, with larger scoria grains of Unit A enhancing destruction rates and thus favoring preservation of larger (more durable) taxa than smaller scoria grains of Unit B. Comparisons with modern assemblages from the coastal scrub, the plant biome in which the Pleistocene site currently resides, indicates that no modern analogue exists for these fossil assemblages within this biome. Shell oxygen isotope values reveal that the local climate was colder/wetter during MIS 8 than at present, which also may explain variations in species composition through time. These data suggest that both taphonomic and climatic factors appear to have induced temporal variations in taxonomic composition, but it is difficult to determine which of these has more significantly influenced the observed results.
The Relationship between Research and Practice

It is clear that research and clinical practice have a synergistic relationship, with each one informing the other. It is clear that effective clinical psychologists will guide their practice on the basis of established research findings. It is clear that contributing research clinicians will be actively involved in practice, deriving hypotheses from clinical experience in order to better their research which, in turn, will influence their practice. And it is clear that each preceding statement is a romantic platitude, more honored in the breach than in performance. More likely, the practicing clinician does not read research journals very often, having discovered, early on, the irrelevance of the findings to practice. More likely, the research clinician has not treated a clinical patient for years, so the lack of apparent relevance of the findings is of little surprise. And most likely, the practitioner will register disdain for the researcher, who will complain about the disregard of the practitioner for the evidence of science.
Healthy, Vague: Exploring Health as a Priority in Food Choice

Given public health priorities to improve people’s diets, an accurate understanding of what influences food choice is fundamental. Yet “food choice” is a highly complex, personal process, in which health may be more or less of a priority depending on the person. Guidance on how to eat a healthy diet should be personalized. A cross-disciplinary lens is used to explore how the experiences and priorities of individuals intersect with what they understand to be true regarding food and health to produce decisions about what to eat. During in-depth interviews conducted with twenty-five health-conscious adults, the term “healthy” itself proved to be elastic, encompassing foods that are nutritionally healthy and foods that simply fit into the course of our own lives and experiences, including foods perceived as enjoyable regardless of nutritional value.
Vanishing on toric surfaces

We prove the Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing and another Kodaira-type vanishing for projective toric surfaces over arbitrary fields.
Bone Marrow and Thymus Transplants: Cellular Engineering to Correct Primary Immunodeficiency

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the bone marrow and thymus transplants. Major contributions to the development of modern concepts of differentiation of the immunological functions of lymphoid tissues have been derived from studies on patients who suffered from gross deficiencies of lymphoid tissue development and immunological function. Experiments of nature have helped in the analysis of cellular interactions essential to the establishment and maintenance of a capacity to live as healthy individuals, and to resist injury or destruction by the components of a veritable sea of bacteria, fungi, and viruses with which man and mammals share their ecological niche. Investigation of uncommon diseases that can be addressed by cellular, immunological, enzymic, and molecular engineering indicates a possible approach to immunodeficiency and perturbations of the biological amplification system regularly encountered in the commonest diseases of man. The chapter also discusses how major problems of the most frequent human diseases can be better addressed from a vantage that includes the possibility of cellular engineering and its derivatives in macromolecular pharmacology.
Endovascular Treatment of Congenital Pulmonary Artery Lesions

Pulmonary artery anomalies such as peripheral pulmonic stenosis or arteriovenous malformations are congenital heart lesions that can result in considerable symptoms and right heart failure. Pulmonary artery interventions can be highly demanding and benefit from considerable pre- and periprocedural imaging and planning. Dialogue between operators, catheterization lab personnel, and the general anesthesia team is essential, and the procedural steps, alternative options, and potential complications should be discussed in advance of the procedure.
Gaussian random field approximation for exclusion zones in cognitive radio networks

To protect primary users from interference caused by secondary users (SUs) in a cognitive radio network, a geographic area called an exclusion zone can be defined in which SUs are prohibited from transmitting using a specified spectrum band. We propose a Gaussian Random Field Model (GRFM) framework for determining an exclusion zone with the desired properties in practical scenarios where analytical specifications may not be available. Based on the GRFM, we derive the radius of a disk determining the exclusion zone, assuming that the SUs are distributed geographically over a planar coverage area. Using measurement data obtained from SUs, the GRFM is applied to approximate the equivalent received signal power and aggregate interference at specified locations. Simulation results show that the GRFM approximation yields an accurate characterization of the exclusion zone.1
Effect of Cyclic Loading on Rock

Hard rocks are significantly weakened or fatigued when subjected to cyclic loading. In uniaxial tension and in uniaxial compression the fatigue strength for 10 5 cycles is 60 to 80 percent of the monotonic strength. In triaxial compression the fatigue strength rises as the confining pressure is increased. By far the most damaging cyclic load is the tension-compression type, its fatigue strength reaching 25 percent of the monotonic tensile strength. The strain-time behavior is not unlike that observed in static creep, with primary, steady-state, and tertiary stages. The accumulated cyclic creep in uniaxial compression for different upper peak cyclic stresses appears to be bounded by the complete stress-strain curve. Acoustic emission and specimen photo-micrography suggest microfracturing as the principal mechanism of fatigue failure, with distinct differences between cyclic compression and cyclic tension. Acoustic emission is an excellent precursor of imminent cyclic failure. ASTM standardization of cyclic testing is recommended.
Serendipity in Scientific Discoveries: Some Examples in Glycosciences

According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, serendipity is “the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for.” Serendip (or Serendib) was the name for the island of ancient Sri Lanka and was thought to be a corruption of the Sanskrit compound Simhaladvipa (“Dwelling-Place-of-Lions Island”). The Arabs are thought to have borrowed the name from Indians with whom they traded. The word “serendipity” was coined by an eighteenth-century English author/politician, Horace Wolpole, who wrote a novel, The Three Princes of Serendip, based on a purported Persian fairy tale. Actually, the first book of The Three Princes of Serendip was published in 1557 by M. Tramezzino and was perhaps a collection of ancient Indian fables. Tennett wrote [1]: “In ancient times there existed in the country of Serendippo, in the Far East, a great and powerful king by the name of Giaffer. He had three sons who were very dear to him. And being a good father and very concerned about their education, he decided that he had to leave them endowed not only with great power, but also with all kinds of virtues of which princes are particularly in need.” Thus, began the voyage of the three princes of Serendip. At any rate, in the Wolpole book, the heroes in the novel (the princes) often made discoveries by chance and sagacity. The novel was a great success, and the expression of “serendipity” has become quite popular since then. One of the better known stories in the novel is the case of a camel blinded in one eye. During their trip, the princes were stopped by a camel driver who asked them if they had seen one of his camels, which was missing. Although they had not seen the camel, they noticed the signs of the camel and mystified the camel driver by asking him if his missing camel was blind in one eye (because the princes saw that the grass was eaten on one side of the road), missing one tooth (the cuds of grass on the ground indicated a tooth gap), and lame (the traces of a dragged hoof). The camel driver was tremendously impressed by their astute observations and prudence and immediately hurried off to pursue the missing camel.
Child- and parent-targeted interventions: the Memphis GEMS pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of 2 versions of a culturally relevant, family-based intervention to prevent excess weight gain in pre-adolescent African-American girls. DESIGN Three-arm, 12-week parallel group randomized controlled pilot trial. SETTING Community centers in Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS Sixty African-American girls, aged 8 to 10 years, with a body mass index (BMI) > or = 25th percentile of the CDC growth charts, along with their parents/caregivers. INTERVENTIONS The active interventions involved highly interactive weekly group sessions with either girls (child-targeted program) or parents/caregivers (parent-targeted program). Content focused on knowledge and behavior change skills to promote healthy eating and increased physical activity. The comparison intervention focused on global self-esteem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Given the lack of power and the limited time frame of the pilot study, outcomes were evaluated on the basis of implementation measures and changes in physical activity (accelerometer data), and in consumption of sweetened beverages and water, as estimated from questionnaires. Changes in body mass index, waist circumference, and body composition were also examined. RESULTS The Memphis GEMS pilot intervention met all recruitment, retention, implementation, and participation goals, and was given high rating by both participants and interventionists. With respect to the comparison intervention, girls in both the child-targeted and parent-targeted interventions demonstrated a trend toward reduced body mass index and waist circumference. In addition, girls in the active intervention groups reduced their consumption of sweetened beverages by 34%, increased their level of moderate-to-vigorous activity by 12%, and increased their serving; of water by 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this pilot study demonstrated the feasibility, perceived acceptability, and efficacy of culturally relevant, obesity prevention interventions for pre-adolescent African-American girls and their parents/caregivers.
Primary Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder

Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder accounts for less than 1 per cent of all primary bladder neoplasms. This tumor is insidious because of its subepithelial infiltrative nature, which makes diagnosis possible only late in the course of the disease. Survival is poor; greater than 50 per cent of the patients are dead within a year after diagnosis. Exenterative procedures offer the only hope of palliation; irradiation and chemotherapy have not been effective. We add 5 cases of primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder and 1 case of high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with signet ring cell foci to the 14 cases reported in the literature. Pathological correlation supports the origin of this neoplasm from totipotential transitional epithelium.
Reemphasis of the Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Cerebral Ischemia

Cortical monoamine changes during ischemic episodes of up to one hour were studied in the gerbil. Norepinephrine (NE) levels decreased after 60 minutes in the occluded hemisphere of animals with stroke, but dopamine (DA) levels were unaltered. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels became bilaterally reduced in animals with and without stroke as soon as 5 minutes after occlusion. Abnormal motor activity suggestive of seizure developed in some animals that exhibited signs of stroke. Accordingly, the influence of seizure activity on cortical monoamine changes was studied in a second experiment. Reduction of DA and NE was only observed when seizures occurred in association with stroke. 5-HT levels were reduced bilaterally in animals with and without signs of stroke and reduced further in animals with stroke plus seizure. We concluded that seizure activity must be taken into account when examining the mechanism of disordered catecholamine metabolism in the gerbil stroke model. However, 5-HT metabolism appears disordered in ischemic brain independent of seizure activity.
The Crisis at Tyco - A Director's Perspective

In 2002, Wendy Lane had been a member of the board of directors at Tyco International a little more than a year when the company's CEO Dennis Kozlowski and other top executives were accused of fraud, which ultimately led to resignations, imprisonments, lawsuits, and SEC filings. In a short period of time Tyco lost 2/3rds of its market value. Many outside the company questioned the board's leadership and diligence. Lane, who had a successful career in investment banking before becoming a professional director, was caught in the firestorm. The case discusses the events that led to the crisis, her reflections on managing the crisis both personally and professionally, the reputational risk she encountered, and the lessons she learned as a director.Learning Objective: The case allows members of boards of directors and audit committees to consider their role in providing oversight and the challenges they face while doing so. Using the case of an audit committee director at Tyco, the case discusses the reputational consequences and other personal and professional costs directors can experience when their companies fail.
Using Satellite Images to Classify and Analyze the Health of Hemlock Forests Infested by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

A method is described to classify stands of eastern hemlock by health condition, at the landscape level, using remote sensing. The hemlock woolly adelgid has been a major cause of hemlock decline in Connecticut since 1985, resulting in varying degrees of defoliation in the region. A 1985 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image was classified to develop a base line of once healthy hemlock stands. Radiance normalization and non-hemlock masking techniques were used to pre-process a 1995 TM image. Several techniques were used to transform the 1995 TM image; each was followed by cluster analysis to separate hemlocks into four levels of tree vigor. We evaluated 600 trees at 150 sites across the study area using the USFS Crown Condition Rating Guide. These field data were used to measure the accuracy of various health classification techniques. The Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index-2 (MSAVI2) transform provided the best overall accuracy, 82.1%, for classifying hemlock according to tree vigor. Non-parametric statistics were used to determine if there were any significant variations in distribution of hemlock pixels by health class in association with features in the landscape. Several features were found to be statistically significant at a confidence level of 0.001. These were aspect of slope, hydrology group (infiltration rate), depth to bedrock, soil order, drainage class (hydraulic conductivity), and surface texture.
Long-term Effects of Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative option for children and adolescents with high-risk leukemia. Although acute complications were reduced during the last decade, considerable late effects are still limiting the overall success rate. This article emphasizes the specific pediatric aspects of long-term aftercare following myeloablative HSCT and provides an organ-based overview that covers main clinical patterns, incidence, and risk factors enhanced by current references and screening guidelines. In the last years, several attempts were made to separate pediatric outcome data from findings in adults. It turned out that not only the indication for but also the time and the procedures of HSCT substantially differ. Nearly any organ might be affected after the complex transplantation process and includes endocrinopathies, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiopulmonary complications, and secondary malignancies. Patients after HSCT in childhood have a high risk for developing a wide range of late sequelae and may benefit from regular screening and early intervention. The occurrence and patterns of late effects depend on the intensity and severity of conditioning and are strongly associated with patient’s age at transplant and beginning of complications.
‘The only safe way to find a partner’: rethinking sex and risk online in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

ABSTRACTDespite the Internet’s global importance as a sex-seeking venue for men who have sex with men (MSM) and other sexual and gender minorities, little is known about this topic in sub-Saharan A...
Modeling and Tuning of an Improved Delayed-Signal-Cancellation PLL for Microgrid Application

An improved delayed-signal-cancellation (DSC) phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed for microgrid applications. The conventional DSC-PLL suffers from phase and frequency measurement errors due to a fixed delay operation within the control loop. The source of this error is mathematically analyzed in this paper. The modified DSC-PLL model overcomes the error by using a positive sequence $\alpha \beta$ detector and a notch filter. The proposed method not only rejects the double frequency oscillation appearing at the output of the PLL under unbalanced loading conditions but also offers good harmonic rejection with nonlinear loads. The proposed model adds minimal complexity to the existing DSC-PLL. To ensure a fast dynamic response as well as a stable operation, a systematic approach is proposed to design the controller gains and filter parameters. The newly designed PLL is simulated and tested for performance verification purposes.
Microfluidic continuous flow synthesis of functional hollow spherical silica with hierarchical sponge-like large porous shell

Microfluidics brings unique opportunities for engineering micro-/nanomaterials with well-controlled physicochemical properties. Herein, using a miniaturized multi-run spiral-shaped microreactor, we develop a flow synthesis strategy to continuously produce hollow spherical silica (HSS) with hierarchical sponge-like pore sizes ranging from several nanometers to over one hundred nanometers. The formation of HSS is realized by mixing two reactant flows, one containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and diluted ammonia and the other 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and diluted tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), at a flow rate as high as 5 mL/min. The effect of the reactant concentration and the flow rate on the structural change of the resultant materials is examined. Functional small-sized nanoparticles (magnetic nanoparticle, quantum dot, and silver nanoparticle) can be separately assembled into HSS and high molecular weight protein (bovine serum albumin) can be successfully loaded into HSS and delivered into cancer cells afterward, making them promising in the fields of separation and purification, bioimaging, catalysis, and theranostics.
Customer Trustworthiness on Supplier Long-Term Orientation in Supplier-Customer Relationships: An Abstract

The study focuses on supplier-customer dyads in a market structure of imbalanced power and investigates how three elements of customer trustworthiness, including interactional courtesy, procedural fairness, and honesty, work together to impact supplier long-term orientation in the relationship. Despite the importance of trustworthiness in shaping supplier-customer social interactions and information exchange, relatively few studies have examined how these three elements of trustworthiness work together to impact relationship continuity in imbalanced power relationships.
Using a combination of human insights and ‘deep learning’ for real-time disaster communication

Abstract Using social media during natural disasters has become commonplace globally. In the U.S., public social media platforms are often a go-to because people believe: the 9-1-1 system becomes overloaded during emergencies and that first responders will see their posts. While social media requests may help save lives, these posts are difficult to find because there is more noise on public social media than clear signals of who needs help. This study compares human-coded images posted during 2017's Hurricane Harvey to machine-learned ‘deep learning’ classification methods. Our framework for feature extraction uses the VGG-16 convolutional neural network/multilayer perceptron classifiers for classifying the urgency and time period for a given image. We find that our qualitative results showcase that unique disaster experiences are not always captured through machine-learned methods. These methods work together to parse through the high levels of non-relevant content on social media to find relevant content and requests.
The BET inhibitor JQ1 attenuates double-strand break repair and sensitizes models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to PARP inhibitors

Abstract Background DNA repair deficiency accumulates DNA damage and sensitizes tumor cells to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Based on our observation that the BET inhibitor JQ1 increases levels of DNA damage, we evaluated the efficacy of JQ1 + the PARPi olaparib in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also addressed the mechanism by which JQ1 increased DNA damage. Methods The effect of JQ1 + olaparib on in vivo tumor growth was assessed with patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of PDAC. Changes in protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. In vitro growth inhibition and mechanistic studies were done using alamarBlue, qRT-PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, ChIP, and shRNA knockdown assays. Findings Tumors exposed in vivo to JQ1 had higher levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX than tumors exposed to vehicle only. Increases in γH2AX was concomitant with decreased expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51. JQ1 + olaparib inhibited the growth of PDX tumors greater than either drug alone. Mechanistically, ChIP assays demonstrated that JQ1 decreased the association of BRD4 and BRD2 with promoter loci of Ku80 and RAD51, and shRNA data showed that expression of Ku80 and RAD51 was BRD4- and BRD2-dependent in PDAC cell lines. Interpretation The data are consistent with the hypothesis that JQ1 confers a repair deficient phenotype and the consequent accumulation of DNA damage sensitizes PDAC cells to PARPi. Combinations of BET inhibitors with PARPi may provide a novel strategy for treating PDAC. Fund NIH grants R01CA208272 and R21CA205501; UAB CMB T32 predoctoral training grant.
Abstract 4888: Nuclear localization of antizyme inhibitor may be a marker for aggressiveness of prostate cancer

Antizyme suppresses cell cycle by inhibiting the polyamine synthesis through binding to the rate limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylases (ODC). High levels of ODC have been reported in several forms of cancer, among them prostate cancer. Antizyme Inhibitor (AZIN) binds to antizyme and thereby blocks its inhibitory effect on ODC. Here, we have measured the expression and localization of AZIN in 202 prostate cancer specimens, along with 26 adjacent benign samples and found that nuclear localization of AZIN is associated with significantly lower survival. Upregulation and nuclear localization of AZIN have been observed in several cancers, as has editing of the AZIN1 mRNA. Others have hypothesized that the RNA- edited AZIN (edAZIN) may have an increased affinity to antizyme and that could explain the association of edAZIN to the various cancers. We have studied the mechanism behind the nuclear localization of AZIN and found the single base pair substitution caused by RNA editing is sufficient to result in nuclear localization of the protein in all cell types tested. To determine if the nuclear localization might result from increased antizyme-edAZIN affinity, we developed fluorescent protein FRET sensor for protein-protein interaction using Clover-AZIN and antizyme-mRuby2 fusion proteins. Unexpectedly, we found that the editing event modestly decreases edAZIN affinity for antizyme, notwithstanding increased interaction in vivo. Thus, the data indicate that the change in protein localization to the nucleus may be more important to oncogenic function than the actual degree of binding to antizyme. Other functional differences between edAZIN and AZIN might be explained by altered kinetics of binding, by the contribution of an additional adapter protein which modulates the intracellular antizyme:AZIN complex, or by competition for AZIN binding by other partners whose interaction is affected by the editing event. Finally, we identified AZIN and edAZIN interacting proteins by using tandem affinity purification and LC-MS-MS analysis. Among interacting proteins, we identified a complex containing two isoforms of nuclear actins (ACTG1 and ACTA2) and Myosin-9 that may be the driving force behind the nuclear shuttling of edAZIN. Citation Format: Aram Ghalali, James M. Rice, Liangzhe Wang, Chin Lee Wu, Michael S. Rogers, Bruce Zetter. Nuclear localization of antizyme inhibitor may be a marker for aggressiveness of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4888.