cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of customized shear layers on smooth and rough surfaces

Abstract Shear layers having different structural properties were produced downstream of devices used to artificially thicken turbulent boundary layers. The means used to produce different structural characteristics are described, along with the effects of changes in structure on wall heat transfer. Results from layers developing over smooth and rough surfaces indicate that alterations of artificial thickening device geometry resulted in larger variations in wall heat transfer near smooth surfaces. The most significant of these occured when alterations were made of inner boundary layer regions, where mean velocity shows a logarithmic dependence on distance from the wall. Outer region changes in mean velocity and turbulence profiles resulted in less significant changes in wall heat transfer, particularly in the flows over the rough wall.
Use of three-dimensional spiral computed tomography imaging for staging and surgical planning of head and neck cancer

We compare four different three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction methods of spiral computed tomography (CT) data for head and neck cancer to establish the method best suited for specific uses, eg, staging of lymph nodes and viewing of spatial relationships between the tumor, fascial spaces, adjacent soft tissues, and others structures. We evaluated a series of 10 patients (six men and four women), aged 32 to 60 years. Of these, five were histologically diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, two with lymphoma, one with thyroid cancer, one with Kikuchi’s disease or necrotizing lymphadenitis, and one with esthesioneuroblastoma. All scans were obtained using highresolution spiral CT (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). The collimations used were 3 mm and 5 mm, matrix 512 × 512, and reconstruction interval not more than 3 mm. Scanning was performed from the skull base to the aortic arch. Iodinated contrast medium was injected so that the blood vessels were clearly differentiated from nodes. Different techniques of three-dimensional reconstruction were employed, including shaded surface display (SSD), multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), 3D volume rendering (VR), and combined techniques. The reconstructions were performed in a variety of planes, including sagittal, coronal, and oblique views. In our series of selected patients, the technique of 3D VR showed potential advantages over other techniques. The MIP technique was useful in analyzing the patency of vessels and to exclude thrombus, compression, or displacement by tumor. The use of combined techniques such as SSD and MPR, accurately demonstrated the levels of lymph nodes and the relationship between the tumor projection of interest and various anatomic structures. In conclusion, 3D reconstruction of CT data is useful in the localization and staging of neck tumors and assists in surgical planning and radiation treatment.
Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Implantation of Ketoprofen into Biodegradable Sutures

In this study we explored the use of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide for the creation of a sustained release drug delivery device. An anti-inflammatory (ketoprofen) was dissolved into carbon dioxide at various temperatures (25−55 °C) and pressures (65−300 bar) and then exposed to biodegradable braided sutures made of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers. The effect of temperature, pressure (and hence density), and exposure time were explored on the ability of the sutures to absorb ketoprofen. The diffusion of the drug into the suture was modeled, and diffusion coefficients were calculated. The amount of ketoprofen loaded into the suture increased with pressure and density and decreased with temperature; however, increasing temperature tended to speed up the absorption process.
Electrical resistivity and thermal expansion of liquid titanium and zirconium

The electrical resistivity and thermal expansion have been measured to twofold expanded states for titanium and to 60% expanded states for zirconium using the isobaric expansion apparatus. Results are consistent with the literature where there is overlap.
Lectotypification of Ardisia dawnaea (Myrsinaceae)

Abstract. A taxonomically complex issue regarding Ardisia gracilis Lace, A. dawnaea C. E. Parkinson, and A. dawnensis M. P. Nayar & G. S. Giri (Myrsinaceae) from Burma [Myanmar] is discussed and resolved with the lectotypification of A. dawnaea.
Recommended proportions of foods in home‐made feeding mixtures

Tabular data are presented on the recommended proportions of staples and supplements for the preparation of home made feeding mixtures. Optimum proportions are presented for 78 combinations originating from 13 staples and six supplements widely consumed on a world wide basis. Calculations were made so as to reach an adequate level of NDpCal percent (6.5–7.0) with the minimum quantity of the more expensive supplement. This follows the procedure of Cameron and Hofvander (1976) in their Manual on feeding infants and young children, however, newer data is used for the protein and amino acid composition of the foods together with the more accurate FAO/WHO (1973) scoring system rather than the no longer acceptable FAO/WHO (1957) procedure. An improved formula for the calculation of NDpCal percent was also used. The new data show, in general, smaller proportions of supplements to reach the same protein‐calorie value and would thus be of lower cost.
Determination of molybdenum in wet‐ashed digests of plant material using flameless atomic absorption 1

Abstract A procedure using matrix‐compensated Mo standards to determine Mo in plant tissue by flameless atomic absorption is described. Concentration ranges of macroelements (N,P,K,Ca,Mg), microelements (Cu,B,Zn,Mn,Al,Fe), and HC1O4. typical of those found in HNO3‐HC1O4 plant tissue digests were examined for their effect on the observed analytical value of Mo. The mean of 20 Mo determinations of NBS orchard leaves SRM 1571 was 0.28 ± 0.01 ppm Mo compared to the NBS certified value of 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm Mo. Recovery of Mo added to digests of orchard leaves and alfalfa tops ranged from 95 to 105%.
Bifurcation phenomena in nonaxisymmetric Taylor-Couette flow.

Taylor-Couette flow subject to a nonaxisymmetric external Coriolis force is studied experimentally. The Coriolis force is induced by placing the Taylor-Couette apparatus on a turntable such that the flow is nonaxisymmetrically perturbed. This symmetry-breaking perturbation affects the entire sequence of bifurcations found in the unperturbed system. We identify the dynamical regimes encountered as a function of two control parameters: a Reynolds number and a dimensionless turntable rotation rate. The bifurcation map for this system is presented, and we show that there is nonhysteretic reemergent order as a function of either control parameter. We also find a possible codimension-2 bifurcation point beyond which occurs a nonhysteretic direct bifurcation to turbulence from the time-independent base flow.
Retrograde amnesia and brain seizures in mice

Abstract These experiments examined in Swiss-Webster mice the effects of variation in intensity of transcorneal electroshock stimulation on: (1) convulsion threshold; (2) brain seizure thresholds; and, (3) retrograde amnesia (RA) in an inhibitory avoidance task. In unanesthetized mice the current intensities required for eliciting brain seizures and RA were lower than that required for elicitation of convulsions. Further, the brain seizure and RA thresholds were comparable. Light ether anesthesia administered prior to the electroshock (ES) stimulation prevented the convulsions and significantly increased both the brain seizure and RA thresholds. The results indicate that the degree of amnesia produced by ES does not depend upon the ES current level per se, but rather upon the alteration in CNS activity produced by the ES. At ES current levels sufficient to produce RA in ether anesthetized mice the primary afterdischarge of the seizure was not followed by postictal depression. Thus, postictal depression appears not to contribute to RA.
Fatigue Behavior of Prestressed Tubular Bridge Deck of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

An experimental study was undertaken to assess the flexural fatigue performance of a new deck system of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) that has been installed on a bridge in Delaware County, Ohio. The deck consists of a series of 4-in. (102-mm) square pultruded FRP tubes with a thickness of 1/4 in. (6.4 mm), laid side by side on existing stringers, perpendicular to the direction of traffic. The tubes are posttensioned up to 20 kips (90 kN) with 0.6-in. (15-mm) diameter seven-wire strands at midpoints between the stringers in the direction of traffic. Four double-span FRP deck specimens with two different tube sizes and three different span lengths were tested in flexural fatigue under AASHTO-prescribed footprint of wheel loads for an HS20 truck. Panel action in the deck system was inadequate for the most part, as only the tubes that were directly under the load carried the majority of the load. Subsequent slippage between these tubes and their adjacent tubes can cause cracking in the asphalt overlay. Howe...
The 1P shape resonance in electron-hydrogen scattering

Abstract The shape resonance in the 1 P channel in electron-hydrogen scattering which occurs just above the n = 2 threshold has been studied by variational calculations employing a pseudostate basis. Its parameters are E R = 0.7512 ( Ry ), Γ = 0.0015 ( Ry ).
Facts and artifacts in acid phosphatase and esterase localization in disc electrophoresis of human saliva

Abstract The present study demonstrates that caution must be used in interpreting the results of histochemical staining of polyacrylamide gels for acid phosphatase activity. Nonspecific staining and artifacts present serious hazards and suitable controls must be utilized. The presence of acid phosphatase activity appears to be localized to the Rm.3 area. Esterase staining proved more reliable and several areas of activity were found in both submaxillary and parotid saliva in areas Rm.2–.4, .55, .65 and .85. Several proteins can co-exist in areas which appear on polyacrylamide gels to contain only a single band.
Efficient beta / gamma Monte Carlo transport in repetitive structures

Algorithms are developed that permit the use of periodic and albedo boundary conditions in the ITS (Integrated TIGER Series) system of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes when simulating transport in repetitive structures in satellite systems. Mutual verification is provided through the application of both algorithms to a simplified periodic geometry based on an array of microelectronics cards. The albedo algorithm is then used to benchmark the predictions of energy deposition in silicon by a mass sectoring code for this same application and to predict the shielding effectiveness of a hexagonal honeycomb structure. The use of these algorithms results in a major reduction in the required problem input and significant variance reduction that could otherwise be achieved only via postprocessing, which is much more problem dependent. >
Phase correction for collision model analysis and enhanced resolving power of fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra.

Phase correction of FT-ICR data yields an absorption spectrum that offers a gain by up to a factor of 2 in mass resolving power (at half-maximum peak height), compared to conventional magnitude-mode display. That improvement is equivalent to doubling the applied magnetic field strength, without loss in signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, provided that the time-domain data are padded with an equal number of zeroes before FFT. Our simple, visual, user-interactive algorithm quickly corrects for zero-order and first-order variation of phase with frequency. We find that the theoretical mass resolving power enhancement for pressure-limited absorption-mode over magnitude-mode line shape depends on the collision mechanism: factor of 1.40 for hard sphere vs 31/2 for Langevin (ion:induced dipole). Thus, the experimental enhancement in mass resolving power (factor of 1.43 ± 0.09) for isotopically resolved peaks in the FT-ICR mass spectra of electrosprayed bovine carbonic anhydrase (∼29 kDa) directly supports the hard-sphe...
Projective Planes, Graphs, and Simple Algebras

Abstract Let X be a projective plane of order n. A flag x0 ∈ l0 in X determines a graph F which is used to construct a central simple Jordan algebra A of dimension n3 − 1 over a field k of characteristic 2 with x2 = 0 for all x ∈ A. When n is even, the group of all algebra automorphisms of A is isomorphic to the symplectic group Sp(n3, k). We also imbed every finite connected graph G whose adjacency matrix is non-singular mod 2 in a strongly regular graph G*, and we construct a central simple Lie algebra over Z /2 Z from G*; in particular, F gives a central simple Lie algebra.
Singular value decomposition on SIMD hypercube and shuffle-exchange computers

Abstract This paper reports several parallel singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithms on the hypercube and shuffle-exchange SIMD computers. Unlike previously published hypercube SVD algorithms which map a column pair of a matrix onto a processor, the algorithms presented in this paper map a matrix column pair onto a column of processors. In this way, a further reduction in time complexity is achieved. The paper also introduces the concept of two-dimensional shuffle-exchange networks, and corresponding SVD algorithms for one-dimensional and two-dimensional shuffle-exchange computers are developed.
CORRELATES OF THERAPEUTIC PROGRESS BY INFANTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND MOTOR DELAY

A group of 10 infants diagnosed as having cerebral palsy or severe motor delays was administered pre/posttest assessments of both standardized and nonstandardized motor-evaluation instruments. Following 6 mo. of therapeutic intervention provided through neurodevelopmental treatment, the motoric gains of these infants were correlated with age, IQ, infant hours in treatment, hours of parental participation, and degree of involvement. Kendall's tau correlations showed a significant relationship between motoric progress and age, parental participation, and degree of involvement. The dilemma faced by habilitation professionals regarding whether or not to encourage parents to participate in therapeutic intervention programs is noted.
The effect of current on growth form in an octocoral

Abstract Observations on the growth of the octocoral Telesto riisei (Duchassaing & Michelotti) in the presence of directional current flow have revealed a growth pattern involving lateral growth of the axial polyps of the colony. The resulting flabellate growth form can be explained on the basis of increased mechanical stability in the environment. The hydrodynamic forces associated with the directional flow may cause the axial polyps to grow laterally to attain a ‘balanced’ state.
Transumbilical embolization of hepatic arteriovenous malformation in a neonate with heart failure

A newborn infant presented with severe heart failure due to a large hepatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Umbilical artery (UA) access was safely used for immediate diagnosis and for embolization.
1,3-Dioxonium cation facilitated Ritter-type reaction: facile synthesis of protected aminopolyols

A unique 1,3-dioxonium cation facilitated Ritter-type reaction was discovered when glycerol dipivaloates were treated with strong acid in acetonitrile. The stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of this new Ritter-type reaction were further explored by using erythritol tripivaloate and 1,2,4-butanetriol dipivaloate as the substrates. Several protected aminopolyols were generated as important chiral building blocks. This reaction was employed to synthesize a protected aminosugar lactone.
Expression of Apoptosis-related Antigens, Fas, bcl-2, and p53, and Mib-1 Proliferation Index in the Hypoplastic Thymus of DiGeorge Syndrome

Apoptosis, along with cellular proliferation, plays a major role in normal developmental processes and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that altered apoptosis-related pathways and/or reduced cel...
Defect configuration and phase stability of cubic versus tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia

Abstract Using first-principles calculations, we have carried out a systematic comparative study of the microscopic atomic defect configurations in cubic and tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and their correlation with the macroscopic lattice parameters and relative phase stability, as a function of Y concentration. We found that Y atoms sit at the second-nearest-neighbor cation sites to oxygen vacancies and repel each other; oxygen vacancies form pairs and these pairs repel each other. Using the optimized defect configurations as inputs, we correctly identify the experimentally observed tetragonal to cubic transition point and predict the changes of lattice parameters with the increasing Y concentration, in excellent agreement with experiment. Our studies reveal an interesting correlation between the microscopic atomic defect configuration and macroscopic lattice properties.
Evolution of behavioral reproductive isolation in a laboratory stock of Drosophila silvestris

A laboratory stock ofD. silvestris has become partially sexually isolated since its origin from 1 natural population of this species. Evolution of reproductive isolation is probably incidental to reorganization of the genome, particularly the genetics of sexual behavior, following random drift in a small population.
Digesting omni-video along routes for navigation

Omni-directional video records complete visual information along a route. Though replaying an omni-video presents reality, it requires significant amount of memory and communication bandwidth. This work extracts distinct views from an omni-video to form a visual digest named route sheet for navigation. We sort scenes at the motion and visibility level and investigate the similarity/redundancy of scenes in the context of a route. We use source data from 3D elevation map or omni-videos for the view selection. By condensing the flow in the video, our algorithm can generate distinct omni-view sequences with visual information as rich as the omni-video for further scene indexing and navigation with GIS data.
pH Tailoring Electrical and Mechanical Behavior of Polymer–Clay–Nanotube Aerogels

Aerogels are low density (<0.1 g · cm(-3) ), highly porous materials that are especially interesting for insulating applications. Combinations of clay and water-soluble polymers are commonly used to produce aerogels, but these materials are often mechanically weak. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were combined with clay and found to significantly improve mechanical behavior and impart electrical conductivity to these aerogels. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the matrix polymer provides a means of tailoring the electrical conductivity and mechanical behavior by altering the pH of the aqueous aerogel precursor suspensions prior to freeze drying. An aerogel, made from a pH 9 aqueous suspension containing 0.5 wt.-% PAA, 5 wt.-% clay, and 0.05 wt.-% SWNT, has a compressive modulus of 373 kPa. In the absence of nanotubes, this modulus is reduced to 43 kPa. Reducing suspension pH to 3, prior to freeze drying, also reduces modulus for these aerogels, but electrical conductivity is increased when nanotubes are present. It was found that bundled nanotubes provide better reinforcement for these low-density composites, which may provide some new insight into the use of nanotubes in materials that will be exposed to compressive loading.
Aggression as positive reinforcement in people with intellectual disabilities

From an applied behavior-analytic perspective, aggression in people with intellectual disabilities is mostly maintained by social reinforcement consequences. However, nonsocial consequences have also been identified in functional assessments on aggression. Behaviors producing their own reinforcement have been labeled "automatic" or "nonsocial" in the behavior-analytic literature, a label that bares a striking resemblance to biobehavioral explanations of reward-seeking behaviors. Biobehavioral studies have revealed that aggression activates the same endogenous brain mechanisms as primary reinforcers like food. Therefore, integrating brain-environment explanations would result in a better understanding of the functional mechanisms associated with nonsocial aggression. The purpose of this paper was to explore aggression as a reinforcing consequence for reinforcement-seeking behaviors in people with intellectual disabilities. First, the literature establishing aggression as reinforcement for arbitrary responding will be reviewed. Next, the reward-related biological process associated with aggression was described. Finally, the paper discusses what might be done to assess and treat aggression maintained by nonsocial reinforcement.
Seizure Failure of Copper-Lead with Overlay and Aluminum-Tin Connecting Rod Bearings

Seizure behavior of copper-lead with overlay, aluminum-tin and aluminum-tin-silicon connecting rod bearings were investigated. Effects of shaft materials and surface quality on seizure load were compared. Seizure between the shaft and the nickel barrier of copper-lead bearings was verified. The failure mechanism of aluminum-tin bearings was proposed to be melting and depletion of tin in the alloy. Inclusion, of large silicon particles in aluminum-tin alloy may trigger early seizure and thus decrease the seizure load. Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 14–19, 1995
Phase and intensity information in a highly-scattering medium with two absorbers using phased-array spectroscopy: theoretical study

In this paper, phase and intensity information is predicted for a system consisting of two absorbers immersed in a highly scattering medium and two light sources (in- and anti-phased) with a single detector. Phase and intensity information in this 3-D system with absorbing boundaries is obtained by solving the photon diffusion equation by B-W-K technique, with proper boundary conditions. The capability of phased array to resolve two absorbers with a single detector is correlated with a geometric relationship among sources, a detector, and absorbers.
On the adjoint representation of and the Fibonacci numbers

Abstract We decompose the adjoint representation of sl r + 1 = sl r + 1 ( C ) by a purely combinatorial approach based on the introduction of a certain subset of the Weyl group called the Weyl alternation set associated to a pair of dominant integral weights. The cardinality of the Weyl alternation set associated to the highest root and zero weight of sl r + 1 is given by the rth Fibonacci number. We then obtain the exponents of sl r + 1 from this point of view.
The Impact of Imports of Manufactured Milk Products on the U.S. Dairy Industry

Recent events have sparked a debate over the effects of increased dairy imports on the U.S. dairy industry. This study attempts to estimate these impacts via an econometric model of the U.S. dairy sector. The time paths of adjustment of consumption, production, and price of specific dairy products and raw milk are estimated under three alternative levels of manufactured milk product imports. The analysis suggests that much larger than historically "normal" import levels are required to bring about a substantial impact upon the dairy industry in the longer run.
Effect of Dexamethasone on Adipose Tissue and Liver Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Its Stimulation by Insulin-Generated Chemical Mediator*

Rats were treated with dexamethasone (50 μg/day, sc) for 4 days. Total pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and insulin-stimulated PDHa activities were decreased in fat pads from dexamethasone-treated rats compared to control values. Coincubation experiments with adipocyte mitochondria, plasma membrane, and insulin demonstrated decreased stimulation of PDH in preparations from dexamethasone-treated rats. The responsiveness of the mitochondrial PDH system to insulin and control rat plasma membranes was not different in glucocorticoid-treated adipocyte preparations compared to controls. Liver mitochondria from dexamethasone-treated rats demonstrated decreased basal enzyme activity and a decreased percentage of stimulation of PDH when supernatants from insulin-exposed liver particulate fractions were tested. These experiments suggest that insulin resistance produced by glucocorticoid treatment, like that resulting from fat feeding, is accompanied by a decrease in the capacity of adipocyte and liver plasma membranes ...
Experimental results for a novel microwave radiator structure targeting non-invasive breast cancer detection

In this paper, the performance of a proposed breast cancer detection tool based on microwave technology is studied through phantom experiments. Simulation results related to this experimental study have been demonstrated in other publications by the authors. This work is inspired by the safety and the low-cost attribute of the microwave technology. Here, the normalized magnitude and phase differences of the scattering parameters are measured and calculated to depict the actual detection capability of the tool. The proposed radiating structure consists of sixteen curved planar dipole antennas incorporated in a plastic base and covered by a shielding conductor surface. The frequency band of 0.4 GHz-2.5 GHz is studied. This case study shows that the practically implementable tool introduced herein is able to detect the existence of a deep tumor through a set of in-vivo, non-invasive measurements.
Neuroprotection by IL-10-producing MOG CD4+ T cells following ischemic stroke.

Mucosal tolerance has been used successfully to treat animal models of autoimmune diseases and is being tested in human diseases. In this work we demonstrate the reduction of infarct size following mucosal tolerance by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (35-55) peptide in mouse stroke model. Nasal MOG was most efficacious and reduced ischemic infarct size by 70% at 24 h as well as improving behavior score. Using immunohistological methods and IL-10 -/- mice, we demonstrate the importance of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells in the reduction of the ischemic infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from nasally tolerized mice to untreated mice prior to MCAO surgery significantly decreased stroke size (p <0.001 vs. control), whereas CD4+ T cells from nasally tolerized IL-10-deficient mice had no significant effect. Based on these results, modulation of cerebral inflammation by mucosal tolerance to myelin antigens may have applicability both as prophylactic therapy and treatment following ischemia attacks.
Theoretical analysis of a morphine withdrawal phenotype in a cultured cell line.

Abstract We have previously described a δ-opioid receptor-expressing cultured cell line that proliferates in a defined medium and responds to chronic morphine treatment with an inhibition of its rate of proliferation. To help provide an explanation for this behavior, we have used computer simulation of cell cycle kinetics to analyze the observed rates of proliferation of these cells in the presence and absence of morphine, and after withdrawal of morphine treatment. We questioned whether the difference in cell kinetics observed for the cell populations under the different treatments could be due to changes in the length of the cell cycle, withdrawal of cells from the cycle into a quiescent state, or differences in cell renewal. This was investigated by comparing observed cell numbers as a function of time with the results of different computer simulations using different values for these parameters. We found that we can provide a satisfactory explanation of the experimental observations on the basis of changes in a small set of parameters: Untreated cells experience a slowdown of cell proliferation at about the culture density where multiple cell-cell contacts are made and, beginning then, a large fraction are shunted from G1 into a quiescent state. Chronic morphine treatment inhibits proliferation by slowing passage through G1, but the cells remain as sensitive to cell-cell contacts as the untreated cells. After drug withdrawal following a 6 day treatment with morphine, the cells exhibit a large temporary increase in their rate of proliferation compared with control or chronically treated cells but about 48 hours after withdrawal, when cell-cell contacts just begin to be made, the cells return to almost their pretreatment total cell cycle time and, as before, a large fraction are shunted into a quiescent state. Taken in conjunction with previously published results, the present ones indicate a possible interaction between morphine-induced and insulin-induced nuclear signaling pathways to the nucleus.
Thymolipoma simulating pulmonary sequestration

Thymolipoma, a rare, benign tumor of the anteriormediastinum simulating pulmonary sequestration is presented. This lesion is most commonly found in juvenile patients. The use of bronchogram, aortogram and CT scan of the thorax permitted the confirmation of the diagnosis prior to the surgical excision.
Pi Bonding and Negative Hyperconjugation in Mono-, Di-, and Triaminoborane, -alane, -gallane, and -indane

A systematic quantum chemical investigation of mono-, di-, and triaminoborane, -alane, -gallane, and -indane is carried out to determine quantitatively the effects of pi bonding and negative hyperconjugation on structures, energetics, and rotational barriers in these systems. Pi bonding plays a significant role in the aminoborane compounds, but becomes rapidly less significant in the aminoalanes, -gallanes, and -indanes. For each main-group metal X investigated, X-N rotational barriers are found to be essentially equal depending only on the number of remaining in-plane amino groups. The contribution of negative hyperconjugation to reducing rotational barriers, as assessed from natural bond orbital (NBO) delocalization energies, is independent of the pyramidalization of the out-of-plane amino group, and is also dependent only on the number of rotated groups. Optimized tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]-substituted structures of boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium are found to compare quite well with available experimental structural data, and exhibit X-N torsion angles that are independent of the central metal atom.
Gas-phase and solution-phase potential energy surfaces for CO2 + nH2O (n = 1,2)

Ab initio and free energy perturbation simulations are used to characterize both the gas-phase and solution-phase potential energy surfaces for the reaction of CO 2 with H 2 O. The 3-21G 6-31G, and 6-31G** basis sets were used to locate and fully optimize all critical points for the reactions of one and two H 2 O molecules with CO 2 . Where possible, correlation corrections were determined at the MP4/6-31G**//6-31G** level, otherwise, MP2/6-31G**//6-31G** was used
Innominate artery compression of the trachea in infants

Compression of the airway by the innominate artery has been a controversial cause of stridor and apnea in infants. Magnetic resonance imaging has been applied to document the possible association of segmental tracheomalacia. Forty infants with symptoms of stridor were studied, 7 of 40 infants aged 3-21 months (mean 10 months) had innominate artery compression on the trachea. Five infants were treated conservatively and two infants underwent surgery. Flattening of the trachea was longer than the mass compression point by the innominate artery. Therefore, intrinsic abnormality of the trachea is the basis of the respiratory symptom.
Microstructural evolution of amorphous cobalt-rich magnetic alloys during magnetic field annealing

Abstract We have studied surface crystallization phenomenon in Co-rich amorphous alloys based on Co95−xFe5(BSi)x. Our results indicate that amorphous alloys can undergo surface crystallization in response to oxidation at temperatures well below the bulk crystallization temperature. We also add new details to this process, and in particular show that it involves a sequence of three steps: (1) formation of an amorphous borosilicate surface oxide layer; (2) depletion of the underlying amorphous metal of glass-stabilizing boron and silicon; and (3) primary crystallization of the destabilized, metal-enriched sub-surface layer to an fcc or hcp phase. The structure and morphology of the sub-surface crystallites depend on the Si/B ratio as well as on temperature and time.
Specificity in host-fungus associations: Do mutualists differ from antagonists?

Physically intimate interactions between organisms are assumed to be highly specific, yet intimate mutualisms exhibiting little specificity are common and important in many communities. We compare host records for ectomycorrhizal fungi (mutualists) to those for biotrophic shoot fungi and necrotrophic root fungi (both antagonists) in order to test two alternative predictions: (1) intimate physical associations (biotrophy) are more specific than less intimate ones (necrotrophy); (2) antagonisms are more specific than mutualisms. Specificity of fungi for hosts supports prediction (1): ectomycorrhizal fungi and shoot biotrophs are more host specific than root necrotrophs. Fungal symbiont ranges of hosts supports prediction (2): woody hosts are associated with a greater number of mutualistic fungi than antagonistic fungi. The numbers of fungi in the three groups infecting hosts are all significantly positively correlated. This result suggests that some hosts are resistant to fungal invasion and others are quite susceptible. Thus, plants may not be able to erect selective barriers to only antagonistic fungi. The marked asymmetry of specificity from the perspectives of hosts vs fungi suggests that evolutionary and ecological processes act differently on partners in symbioses.
The C operator in PT-symmetric quantum field theory transforms as a lorentz scalar

A non-Hermitian Hamiltonian has a real positive spectrum and exhibits unitary time evolution if the Hamiltonian possesses an unbroken $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ (space-time reflection) symmetry. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a linear operator called $\mathcal{C}$. It is shown here that $\mathcal{C}$ is the complex extension of the intrinsic parity operator and that the $\mathcal{C}$ operator transforms under the Lorentz group as a scalar.
What are the relative effects of reasoning ability and prior knowledge on biology achievement in expository and inquiry classes

What factor(s) influence the likelihood a student will succeed in college biology? Some researchers have found the primary determinant to be the student's prior knowledge of biology, while others have found it to be reasoning ability. Perhaps the ability of these factors to predict achievement depends on the instructional method employed. Expository instruction focuses primarily on facts and concepts. Therefore, perhaps the best predictor of achievement in expository classes is domain-specific prior knowledge. Inquiry instruction focuses more on how science is done, i.e., on scientific processes; therefore, perhaps the best predictor in inquiry classes is reasoning ability. This study was designed to test these hypotheses. Students enrolled in a nonmajors community college biology course were pretested to determine reasoning ability and prior knowledge. The number of previous biology courses was also recorded as an indicator of prior knowledge. After a semester of either expository or inquiry (learning-cycle) instruction, students took a comprehensive final examination. Reasoning ability but not prior knowledge or number of previous biology courses accounted for a significant amount of variance in final examination score in both instructional methods and with semester examination and quiz scores in inquiry classes. This suggests that reasoning ability limits achievement more than prior knowledge among these biology students, whether they are enrolled in expository or inquiry classes. Reasoning ability explained more of the variance in final examination scores for students enrolled in expository classes (18.8%) than in inquiry classes (7.2%). The reason for this is not clear, but significant improvements in reasoning were found in the inquiry but not in the expository classes. These improvements were accompanied by significant differences in achievement in the inquiry classes. Perhaps the reasoning improvement facilitated the better and more equal achievement for students in the inquiry classes, thus reducing the correlation between initial reasoning ability and final achievement. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 89-103, 1998.
Self‐Radiation Damage in Curium‐244 Oxide and Aluminate

Self-radiation from α-decay of 244Cm causes lattice swelling, phase transformations, and loss of structure in several Cm compounds. In Cm oxides, the percentage swelling at saturation decreases with decreasing symmetry: Swelling in fluorite (fee) CmO2 (∼0.3%) is approximately twice that in bee C-type Cm2O3; monoclinic Cm2O3 does not swell. CmO2 swells with time according to Δa/α=3.0×10−3(1–e−1.7×104λt), essentially the same relation as for PuO2 and AmO2. The rate of structure loss of Cm oxides decreases with increasing temperature of prior heatings. In CmAlO3 the metamict state is produced before swelling reaches saturation. Radiation-induced transformation at room temperature produces metastable phases that normally exist at higher temperatures, e.g. bcc C-type Cm2O3 transforms to hexagonal A-type Cm2O3, and rhombohedral CmAlO3 becomes cubic.
Group therapy in Leningrad

The author traces the development of group therapy in the Soviet Union based on a review of the literature and his experiences in Leningrad as a Faculty Exchange Scholar. Although early approaches used hypnotherapy and educational techniques, the Bolshevik revolution introduced the concept of the collective, which subsequently influenced group therapy. Recently, personality-focused models and approaches similar to those in the West have been advocated, especially at the Bekhterev Institute in Leningrad. The author describes his experiences supervising two Soviet clinicians who coled a therapy group for inpatient schizophrenics using techniques he developed in the United States.
Equal Time: television and the Civil Rights movement

Aniko Bodroghkozy Urbana/Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2012 265 pp., illus., notes, bibliography and index, $50 (cloth) Martin Luther King Jr demonstrated his deep understanding of the med...
B7-1 Enhances Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Tumor Growth of a Poorly Immunogenic Murine Carcinoma

Abstract The B7-1 molecule expressed on antigen presenting cells is an important costimulatory molecule for T cell activation. It has been demonstrated that murine B7-1 can enhance host immunity and lead to tumor rejection via its costimulatory function. Here, we investigate how transfection of B7-1 into line 1, a poorly immunogenic murine lung carcinoma, affects the generation and function of different immune effector cells. Line 1 cells expressing B7-1 form tumors that grow at a slower rate than the parental line 1. Our studies have shown that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes present within the B7-1 expressing tumors are primarily composed of nonspecific killer cells with no specific cytotoxic T cells present. To determine if increased nonspecific killer cells could inhibit the tumor growth of line 1 in the presence of B7-1, we examined the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on the B7-1-transfected line 1 and the parental line 1. We found that B7-1 augments the NK- but not LAK-mediated killing against line 1 as measured in an in vitro 51 Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. This enhancement could be blocked by CTLA-4 Ig. In vivo depletion of NK cells led to growth of the B7-1-transfected line 1 at the same rate as the parental line 1. These results suggest that in addition to its costimulatory role for T cell activation B7-1 could be an accessory molecule that intensifies NK-mediated cytotoxicity. This novel finding may provide a mechanism for the effect of B7-1 on tumors of low immunogenicity.
Influenza virus-induced alterations of cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities following exposure of mice to coal and diesel particulates

We have investigated a relationship between two detoxication systems, metabolic detoxication through the cytochrome P-450 (P-450) pathway and resistance to infection through interferon (IFN), in mice infected with influenza virus following exposure to coal dust (CD) and diesel exhaust (DE) particulates. Mice were exposed by inhalation to filtered air (FA; control), CD, or DE for 1 month and then inoculated intranasally (IN) with influenza virus. During infection, 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase (7ECdeEt'ase) and ethylmorphine demethylase (EMdeMe'ase) (monooxygenases), and NADPH cytochrome c reductase (NADPH c red'ase) were measured in liver microsomes. Temporal patterns of enzyme activities were observed with control animals. EMdeMe'ase and NADPH c red'ase exhibited peak values at Day 4 postinfection (27.6 and 482 nmole/min/mg protein, respectively), compared to initial activities (9.1 and 307 nmole/min/mg protein, respectively). 7ECdeEt'ase activity decreased between Days 1-3 postvirus infection and thereafter returned to the original value (1.7 nmole/min/mg protein). When the mice were first exposed to CD or DE particulates for 1 month prior to influenza infection, changes in enzyme temporal patterns were observed. The increased EMdeMe'ase activity at Day 4 was not observed in mice exposed to CD and was reduced in mice exposed to DE. Preexposure to either particulate resulted in the abolition of the increased Day 4 activity of NADPH c red'ase. The 7ECdeEt'ase postinfection temporal pattern was not affected by a preexposure to either particulate. Estimates of the enzyme activities after the 1-month exposure to FA, CD, or DE but before virus infection indicated no changes due to particulate exposure alone. Under these conditions of particulate exposure and virus infection, serum IFN levels in the mice used in this study peaked at Days 4-5 and were unaffected by the 1-month preexposure to CD or DE (Hahon et al., (1985). The data suggest the relationship that exists between metabolic detoxication and resistance to infection in normal mice was altered during a short-term preexposure to CD or DE.
How Brownian displacement goes down during actin-myosin interaction in the laser trap

Several laboratories have successfully used laser trap technology to observe and score nanometre-size displacements of an actin filament produced by a single myosin molecule. Given the molecular nature of the measurements, the influence of Brownian noise is significant. We use a Langevin-type stochastic model, together with a two-state Huxley kinetics for myosin attachment to and detachment from actin, to describe the magnitude of displacement (fluctuations) for the attached and detached states. When myosin is attached to the actin filament system, we derive an effective (composite) stiffness, which produces a 26% noise reduction compared to the original Brownian noise. With two model mechanisms discussed, the preferred model mechanism predicts a mean myosin-induced actin filament displacement of 8-9 nm, all of which are in very good agreement with recent laser trap experimental observations.
Ultrastructure of oocytes of the shrimp, Penaeus vannamei : Cortical specialization formation

Abstract Ovaries of the South American white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei , undergo pronounced ultrastructural changes during development. In pre-vitellogenic oocytes, the cytoplasm is relatively devoid of structure except for abundant ribosomes. In oocytes about midway through development, three types of cytoplasmic vesicles become abundant, and cortical specializations appear to lie outside the highly invaginated oolemma. Late in oocyte development, the cytoplasmic matrix becomes quite dense and several types of vesicles become prominent in the cortex. The cortical specializations appear to complete maturation outside the oolemma. Follicle cells that surround the oocytes at mid to late development have prominent nuclei, nucleoli, and stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Use of a monospecific antibody to a cortical specialization polypeptide demonstrated that the dilated endoplasmic reticulum as well as the growing cortical specializations of mid-cycle oocytes were immunoreactive, suggesting that this polypeptide is synthesized within the oocytes. In nearly mature oocytes, immunoreactivity appears to be restricted to the cortical specializations. Use of antibodies to a yolk polypeptide indicated presence of this polypeptide in the moderately dense (yolk) cytoplasmic vesicles, the cortical specializations, and the perivitelline space.
Synthesis and Activity of Biomimetic Biofilm Disruptors

Biofilms are often associated with human bacterial infections, and the natural tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics challenges treatment. Compounds with antibiofilm activity could become useful adjuncts to antibiotic therapy. We used norspermidine, a natural trigger for biofilm disassembly in the developmental cycle of Bacillus subtilis, to develop guanidine and biguanide compounds with up to 20-fold increased potency in preventing biofilm formation and breaking down existing biofilms. These compounds also were active against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. An integrated approach involving structure–activity relationships, protonation constants, and crystal structure data on a focused synthetic library revealed that precise spacing of positively charged groups and the total charge at physiological pH distinguish potent biofilm inhibitors.
A Case of HIV-Negative Primary Effusion Lymphoma Treated with Bortezomib, Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, and Rituximab

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually occurs in HIV-positive patients and has a very poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Prospective studies are lacking to define the standard of care for this disease, and various case series report median survival at 6 months with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Reports of antiviral agents, immune modulators, and some targeted therapies are present in the literature with variable results. Herein, we report a case of an elderly HIV-negative man of Mediterranean origin who was diagnosed with primary effusion lymphoma and responded dramatically to 6 cycles of a combination of bortezomib, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, and rituximab. He has since been maintained on rituximab and remains in complete remission 2 years after diagnosis. In this report, we discuss the rationale for using these agents in this patient and advocate the further study of bortezomib-based therapy in PEL.
Automatic update of the departmental faculty database using PUBMED's PMID

We have developed a computer system which allows the automatic updating of the list of publications in a faculty database using PUBMED's PMID. The system utilizes a ColdFusion application development platform for the Internet/intranet and Microsoft Access with Visual Basic for desktop applications. SQL Server is used as a common database. This allows simultaneous access to the departmental database for both desktop and Internet/intranet-based systems.
Microinstrument for the Characterization of Submicron Silicon Fibers at High Strain

We present a MEMS microinstrument to interface submicron-scale structures and study their properties. Using this microinstrument integrated with a 150nm diameter silicon fiber that has high fracture strength and a high force micro-actuator, the non-linearity of n-type silicon’s piezoresistive effect is measured up to the third order, using data from the high strain range of 0-1% for the first time.