cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Preliminary Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Problem Checklist

ABSTRACTObjective: Clinical settings require an efficient and informative approach to the assessment of caregiving situations to help providers decide how to focus interventions. Providers serving caregivers need to know about care recipients, who may not be available in the same clinical setting where the caregiver is being served, so checklists have been developed to elicit the caregivers’ perceptions of the problem (e.g., symptoms, functional challenges, and attributions for the problem). The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary test of reliability and validity of an assessment tool designed for use in clinical settings that serves caregivers of persons with physical illness as well as dementias.Methods: Informal family caregiver clients in a counseling program (N = 502) completed assessment questionnaires, including a new measure, the Behavior Problem Checklist, during intake, prior to intervention. The sample was divided into a development sample (N = 400) and a verification sample (N =...
Developmental Implications of Mental Imagery in Childhood Imaginary Companions

Mental imagery in children is discussed in terms of self-concept and identity development. We examine areas in this article that contribute to these developments in children including play, fantasy and imagery, imagined interactions, and imaginary companions. The interface among these areas of developmental psychology is the role of mental imagery (e.g., imagination) in cognitive, social, and emotional development. A study using binary logistic regression is reported in which the dependent variable is presence or absence of childhood imaginary companions. Two significant predictors of having an imaginary companion were identified: playing with dolls and the presence of siblings as opposed to being only children. Results are discussed in the creative role of imagery in fostering role development.
ORIGIN AND EXPRESSION OF AN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE GENE DUPLICATION IN THE GENUS DROSOPHILA.

The origin of variation in regulatory mechanisms and the subsequent evolution of different regulatory systems may have fundamental importance in transspecific evolution (e.g., Dobzhansky et al., 1977). The timing and coordinated expression of enzymes ultimately extends to morphological and biochemical developmental patterns. The mechanisms which lead to regulatory changes are the subject of speculation, but changes in the genetic information at any level from nucleotide substitutions to large scale additions of genomic material may be important in the realization of new patterns of development. One mode of achieving new patterns of gene expression during development is gene duplication followed by divergence in the expression of the two copies (Ohno, 1970; Zuckerkandl, 1978). In this paper we document an alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene duplication associated with a major adaptive radiation within the genus Drosophila. The duplicate Adh genes differ in developmental expression within and among species of the mulleri subgroup. Study of this gene duplication is attractive because of extensive knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the family Drosophilidae, the considerable information on the habits and habitats of the mulleri subgroup and the extensive studies of the Adh gene-enzyme system in Drosophila melanogaster that provide
Adult Children of Same-Sex and Heterosexual Couples: Demographic “Thriving”

ABSTRACTPrior research comparing children of same-sex and heterosexual couples is limited by methodological issues such as not including male same-sex couples and not using appropriate comparison groups of heterosexual parents. The current study addresses these limitations by examining differences in demographic characteristics between adult children of female same-sex couples, male same-sex couples, and heterosexual couples (recruited from siblings), using data reported by adult children's parents drawn from a matched longitudinal cohort. Demographic variables include employment, education, religion, and familial status. Results reveal few differences between adult children of same-sex couples and those of heterosexual couples, and no differences between children of female-female couples and male-male couples.
Highly selective vagotomy.

The results of studies have shown few differences between the commonly employed operations for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Each of these operations has been followed by undesirable functional and metabolic sequelae. The newest contender for the operation for duodenal ulcer is the highly selective vagotomy.
TU-H-CAMPUS-IeP2-01: Quantitative Evaluation of PROPELLER DWI Using QIBA Diffusion Phantom

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the quantitative variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values when varying imaging parameters in a diffusion-weighted (DW) fast spin echo (FSE) sequence with Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) k-space trajectory. Methods: Using a 3T MRI scanner, a NIST traceable, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion phantom (High Precision Devices, Inc, Boulder, Colorado) consisting of 13 vials filled with various concentrations of polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in aqueous solution was imaged with a standard Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) DWI spin echo, echo planar imaging (SE EPI) acquisition. The same phantom was then imaged with a DWI PROPELLER sequence at varying echo train lengths (ETL) of 8, 20, and 32, as well as b-values of 400, 900, and 2000. QIBA DWI phantom analysis software was used to generate ADC maps and create region of interests (ROIs) for quantitative measurements of each vial. Mean and standard deviations of the ROIs were compared. Results: The SE EPI sequence generated ADC values that showed very good agreement with the known ADC values of the phantom (r2 = 0.9995, slope = 1.0061). The ADC values measured from the PROPELLER sequences were inflated, but were highly correlated with an r2 range from 0.8754 to 0.9880. The PROPELLER sequence with an ETL=20 and b-value of 0 and 2000 showed the closest agreement (r2 = 0.9034, slope = 0.9880). Conclusion: The DW PROPELLER sequence is promising for quantitative evaluation of ADC values. A drawback of the PROPELLER sequence is the longer acquisition time. The 180° refocusing pulses may also cause the observed increase in ADC values compared to the standard SE EPI DW sequence. However, the FSE sequence offers an advantage with in-plane motion and geometric distortion which will be investigated in future studies.
Consolidation: Force and Process

This chapter discusses consolidation as a force or process at greater length; consolidation is not a characteristic of mathematics alone, but of most aspects of culture. It focuses on the operation of consolidation in mathematics. Consolidation is one of the most common and outstanding forces involved in cultural evolution. Although recognized in numerous special cases, its universal occurrence seems not to have been emphasized by historians and writers on science. Cultures themselves are the result of consolidation, and the process permeates not only cultural evolution, but biological evolution as well. In the form of what might be termed a “tool,” it constitutes an important element of human behavior, especially in the process of invention.
Perceptions of Older Adults, Hematologists, and Medical Oncologists in Cancer Care.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the perceptions of hematologists, medical oncologists, cancer patients aged 65 years and older, and family members/caregivers regarding the value of a geriatric assessment (GA) in the management of older adults with cancer. METHODS Participants included adults with cancer aged 65 years and older (n = 66), patient family members/caregivers (n = 32), and physicians (n = 42). A patient survey, a caregiver/family survey, and an online physician survey targeted to hematologists and medical oncologists were distributed at a large cancer center in a major academic health system in the New York metropolitan area. The χ(2) test or the Fisher exact test was used to compare the cohorts for responses to geriatric domains in a GA. RESULTS Comparisons for each of the 17 GA domains between patient and family member and caregiver responses showed concordance, except for the perception of comorbidities; 16.7% of patients indicated that comorbidities were an issue, compared with 29.0% of family/caregivers (P = 0.047). Physicians indicated that a GA would be most helpful in addressing cognitive impairment (91.4%), falls (91.4%), and functional status (88.6%). CONCLUSIONS A GA would be useful for physicians and older adults with cancer. Hematologists and medical oncologists recognize the utility of a GA and are receptive to a multidisciplinary geriatrics-oncology collaboration.
Macrophages in the Remodeling Failing Heart.

Most mammalian tissues contain resident macrophage populations. In addition to their role in host defense, macrophages may also provide important trophic signals necessary for homeostasis and are critical effector cells in tissue repair, remodeling, and regeneration.1 The adult mammalian myocardium contains a relatively small population of macrophages2; in adult mice, resident cardiac macrophages represent <10% of noncardiomyocytes.3 Macrophages may be inconspicuous in the healthy heart, but take center stage after myocardial injury. In the infarcted myocardium, induction of CC chemokines recruits abundant proinflammatory monocytes4,5 that differentiate into macrophages6 and exert phagocytotic actions. Clearance of the wound from dead cells and matrix debris triggers anti-inflammatory cascades, inhibiting leukocyte recruitment7; at this stage, local proliferation in response to growth factor stimulation contributes to renewal of the macrophage population in the healing infarct.8,9 Infarct macrophages exhibit remarkable phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and may regulate cellular processes critical to cardiac repair. Depletion of macrophages after infarction in mice increased mortality, disrupted wound debridement, and impaired cardiac repair.10,11 The protective effects of the macrophages in infarct healing may be because of their critical phagocytotic actions, but may also involve downmodulation of injurious proinflammatory signaling, secretion of cytoprotective mediators, activation of reparative fibroblasts and angiogenic cells, and (in some cases) stimulation of a regenerative program.12–14 Article, see p 853 Maturation of the infarct is associated with resolution of the leukocyte infiltrate and with formation of a collagen-based scar. As the scar matures, the ventricle remodels. After a large myocardial infarction, viable myocardial segments exhibit a …
Effect of mild aging on package drop performance for lead free solders

There have been tremendous demands on portable electronic devices since last decade and board level drop performance has become one of the major concerns in microelectronic ball grid array (BGA) package. Most studies focused on material selection of solder joints to improve drop performance [1]. However, the risk for early failure in drop impact reliability still exists because it is sensitive to several factors such as substrate supplier, reflow conditions, loading condition and aging[2,3]. In this paper, mild aging effect on drop performance was investigated to reduce early failure risk for lead free solder joints. From this study, for the case of relatively poor performance and interface dominant failure mode, mild aging could improve initial drop life with brittle-to-ductile transition.
Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides.

Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferse, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen.
High impedance fault detection utilizing real-time complexity measurement

This paper presents a High Impedance Fault (HIF) Detection method based on the Real-time Complexity Measurement (RCM). The proposed method is a passive technique which does not need any additional equipment to perturb the system parameters, i. e, voltage or current. Thus, it can be easily implemented in an industrial processor. Additionally, in the proposed method because no signal is injected to the system, it does not affect the power quality. In this study, a Solid State Transformer (SST) in a microgrid is considered as the test system. The instantaneous RMS voltage at the load side of the SST is imported to a real-time processor where the complexity of the time-series data is measured. Results confirm the dependability of the proposed method in the HIF detection.
Patient-perceived acceptability of a virtual world-based cardiac rehabilitation program.

BackgroundDespite its benefits, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation rates remain subpar. Telehealth lifestyle interventions have emerged as modalities to enhance CR accessibility. Virtual-wor...
Outcomes of patients with metastatic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

SummaryObjective The outcomes of patients with metastatic phaeochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of baseline characteristics and mortality rates of patients with metastatic PHEO and PGL (PPGL). Design Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, and references of key articles were searched from inception to 2016. Patients Studies comprised ≥20 patients with metastatic PPGL and reported baseline characteristics and follow-up data. Measurements Reviewers extracted standardized data and assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool event rates across studies. Results Twenty retrospective noncomparative studies reported on 1338 patients with metastatic PHEO (685/1296, 52.9%) and PGL (611/1296, 47.1%), diagnosed at a mean age of 43.9 ± 5.2 years. Mean follow-up was 6.3 ± 3.2 years. Of 532 patients with reported data, 40.4% had synchronous metastases. Five-year (7 studies, n = 738) and 10-year (2 studies, n = 55) mortality rates for patients with metastatic PPGL were 37% (95% CI, 24%-51%) and 29% (95% CI, 17%-42%), respectively. Higher mortality was associated with male sex (RR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11-2.02) and synchronous metastases (RR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.01-5.85). Conclusions Available low-quality evidence from heterogeneous studies suggests low mortality rates of patients with metastatic PPGL. Male sex and synchronous metastases correlated with increased mortality. The outcomes of patients with metastatic PPGL have been inadequately assessed, indicating the need for carefully planned prospective studies.
From the source: student-centred guest lecturing in a chemical crystallography class

Guest lecturing is an underutilized teaching strategy that provides depth and richness in college-level chemistry courses. The authors have found that student-centred guest lecturing that combines themed guest presentations, hands-on workshops (whenever possible) and small group conversations has yielded tremendous benefits. As a result, students have developed a lasting interest in chemical crystallography and have employed advanced experiments in their own research. The authors report on their experience in planning student-centred guest lecturing, advise on best practices, and demonstrate the long lasting positive impact on student learning and engagement.
The Osmotic Role of Amino Acids: Discovery and Function

Well over a century ago the famed physiologist, Claude Bernard, formulated the idea of a milieu organique interieur, a constant internal environment provided by the blood and body fluids that buffered the living cells of an organism from the fluctuating conditions of the external world. Today, our topic moves to the next smaller unit, the interior of the cell, which provides a continuously suitable environment for the functioning of the macromolecules that give form and vitality to life processes. I refer to the milieu intracellulaire, particularly the numerous ions and small organic molecules that make up the bulk of the osmotically active substances in the aqueous medium of cells.
Oxidative Thermal Degradation of Selected Polymeric Spacecraft Materials

A number of commercial polymeric materials used in U. S. spacecraft and airplanes were investigated from the point of view of oxidative thermal stability and toxicity of possible volatile oxidation products. To this end, methods of thermal analysis (dta, tga, dtg) were applied to study the oxidation profiles of five different groups of polymers in pure oxygen at 14.7 psi, at 5 psi, and in a mixture of 50% N2 and 50% O2 at 5 psi. The volatile reaction products were collected and then separated and identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Dynamic Testing and Analysis of Poisson’s Ratio of Lumbers Based on the Cantilever-Plate Bending Mode Shape Method

In this work, a method for dynamic testing of Poisson’s ratio of dimension lumber was proposed, based on the strain oscillation curve of first-order bending vibration of a cantilever plate. The method is efficient and convenient with good repeatability and high accuracy. Poisson’s ratios along grain and across grain (μ, L, R, , , , , , and μ, R, L, , , , , , , respectively) on radial sections (LR section) and across grain (μ, R, T, , , , , , ) on transverse sections of Sitka Spruce specimens were measured. The results show that the Poisson’s ratio along grain on the LR section μ, L, R, , , , , , is one order higher than that across grain on the LR section μ, R, L, , , , , , . Additionally, the accuracy of the elastic modulus of cantilever plate specimens calculated by theoretical equations of cantilever beam was analyzed. For cantilever plate of Sitka Spruce with an aspect ratio of four, the error of elastic modulus calculated with the cantilever formula is 0.7 %.
Isotopic and isomorphic substitution of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 : Far-infrared spectroscopy and assignment of phonons

We report results of far-infrared spectroscopic measurements on a series of isotopically ${(}^{18}$O) exchanged and isomorphically substituted materials in the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ families. Based upon these measurements, we propose assignments for phonons in both the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ semiconducting phase and the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ superconducting phase. In ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}^{18}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, the lowest-frequency phonon at 155 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is seen to shift \ensuremath{\sim}2% to lower frequency when compared to the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ material, demonstrating the role of oxygen in this vibration (which we have previously assigned as a c-axis-directed Cu-O chain bending mode of ${B}_{1u}$ symmetry). This transverse-optical branch may be important for phonon-mediated superconductivity in this material, as indicated in a recent theoretical treatment by Weber and Matthiess [Phys. Rev. B 37, 599 (1988)].
Assessing the Availability of Pharmacotherapy Options for Tobacco Cessation in Tennessee's Substance Use Facilities.

Objectives Smoking is deadly and exacerbates comorbid health conditions, especially among those with co-occurring substance use disorders. Tennessee does not require substance abuse treatment facilities to concurrently provide tobacco-cessation treatment options or limit smoking on facility property as a standard for licensure. This study examines the relation between Tennessee facility region and availability of pharmacotherapeutic options for tobacco cessation, and the relation between the facilities' region and facility smoking policy. Methods This study is descriptive, cross-sectional, and exploratory in its design. Study findings are from a secondary analysis of data acquired from the 2016 edition of the National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Facilities published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results The number of substance abuse treatment facilities providing pharmacotherapy options in west Tennessee (7.8%) are statistically significantly lower as compared with substance abuse treatment facilities in both middle (24.6%) and east (39.2%) Tennessee. A statistically significantly higher percentage of facilities in west Tennessee (23.5%) with policies that permit smoking without restriction as compared with the number of facilities in east Tennessee (6.8%) also was found, whereas the facilities in west Tennessee (60.8%) have a policy that permits smoking in designated areas that is significantly lower than the number of facilities in east Tennessee (81.1%). Conclusions Tobacco-cessation options are a preventive intervention that can be easily incorporated into a treatment facility's standard of practice and should be made available within the context of all substance abuse treatment facilities. Failure to provide concurrent tobacco-cessation options during substance abuse treatment contradicts the purpose of medical treatment. Medically oriented substance abuse facilities are exemplary settings for offering pharmacotherapeutic options to concurrently treat tobacco use. It is suggested that interdisciplinary clinicians in the field of substance abuse advocate for the implementation of concurrent tobacco cessation treatment in their organization.
Fostering Generative Learning from Video Lessons: Benefits of Instructor-Generated Drawings and Learner-Generated Explanations.

This study explored ways to foster generative learning during a narrated video lesson about the human kidney. In a 2 × 3 between-subjects design, 196 college students were randomly assigned to a video format condition and a learning strategy condition. Students listened to oral explanations from the instructor as they viewed either a series of static diagrams (static visuals) or the same diagrams dynamically drawn on the screen without the instructor visible (instructor-generated visuals). After each part of the lesson, students either wrote verbal explanations (explain) or created drawings (draw), or they rewatched that part of the lesson (rewatch). All students then completed retention and transfer tests on the material. Results indicated a significant main effect of learning strategy for retention and transfer: the explain group significantly outperformed the draw group (retention: d = .60; transfer: d = .67) and the rewatch group (retention: d = .58; transfer d = .87). There was also a significant video format by learning strategy interaction for transfer: explaining was most effective for students who observed instructor-generated visuals (ds > 1.0) rather than static visuals (ds < .5). These findings suggest that when learning from narrated video lessons with complex diagrams, students benefit most from viewing dynamically generated drawings and then verbally explaining what they learned. In contrast, creating drawings may not be appropriate for learning from diagram-heavy lessons. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of aligning instructional methods with appropriate learning strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Applications of Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering in Dentistry

Tissue engineering is a novel and multidisciplinary field that intends to remake functional, sound tissues and organs to supplant unhealthy or dead tissues. The advancement of tissue engineering for dental tissues is promising, and different dental soft and hard tissues have been regenerated effectively in vitro, utilizing stem cells and scaffolds. In almost any tissue engineering application, there are various challenges and unanswered inquiries that should be settled for further advancements. It is expected that in the next few decades, the field of dentistry will be altered remarkably by the accessibility of novel tissue-engineered products in the dental industry. This book chapter aims to address the advancement of tissue engineering for different dental hard and soft tissues, such as enamel, dentin, bone, periodontium, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Additionally, challenges in the advancement of tissue engineering and future trends have been summarized in this book chapter.
Exact robust solutions for the combined facility location and network design problem in hazardous materials transportation

We consider a leader-follower game in the form of a bi-level optimization problem that simultaneously optimizes facility locations and network design in hazardous materials transportation. In the u...
Estimation of seabed properties and range from vector acoustic observations of underwater ship noise

The Intensity Vector Autonomous Recorder (IVAR) simultaneously measures acoustic particle velocity and pressure. IVAR was deployed during the 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment (SBCEX) with the primary objective to study sound propagation in fine-grained, muddy sediments. In this study a Bayesian inversion framework is applied to ship underwater noise recorded by IVAR. The data are relative phase of pressure and vertical particle velocity, a quantity that is independent of the ship noise source spectrum. Inversion estimates for the sediment layer and underlying basement properties are in agreement with other reports from SBCEX.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach: A Single-institution Experience of the First 50 Cases.

Background. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has evolved from a novel procedure to a cosmetically appealing alternative to the traditional open thyroidectomy. TOETVA ...
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward a Mobile Phone App for Mental Health for College Students: Qualitative Focus Group Study.

Background: Many college students who have mental health issues do not receive professional care for various reasons. Students who do not receive help often have both short- and long-term adverse health outcomes. Mobile apps for mental health services such as MySSP, a service provided to college students through their university, may help eliminate barriers to seeking mental health care and result in more positive outcomes for college students. Objective: This qualitative study aims to better understand college students’ perceptions and attitudes toward the adoption and use of a mobile phone app for mental health, MySSP, using the technology acceptance model (TAM). Methods: A series of nine focus groups were conducted with college students (N=30) between February and May 2019 at a large, public Midwestern university. The moderator’s guide was based on the TAM, and focus group sessions primarily focused on the use and knowledge of apps for mental health, specifically, MySSP. The focus group transcriptions were hand-coded to develop a set of themes that encompassed students’ perceptions and attitudes toward MySSP. Results: The analysis of the focus groups suggested the following themes: (1) existing awareness of the app, (2) perceived usefulness, (3) perceived ease of use, (4) attitudes toward apps for mental health and MySSP, and (5) social influence. Conclusions: The results of this study provide deeper insights into the perceptions of a mobile app for mental health among college students. Future research should explore the specific contexts in which an app for mental health will be most effective for college students.
Important Considerations for Developing Rigorous Cognitive Rehabilitation Trials with Imaging Protocols

Advancements in neuroimaging techniques have shifted the landscape of clinical practice and neuroscience research. This chapter focuses on the application of neuroimaging in cognitive rehabilitation research. Important considerations including selection of appropriate imaging modality to address specific research questions, appreciation for the state of the science and corresponding stage of research, and development of research methodologies that aim to address these considerations with minimal bias to maximize the quality of evidence are discussed. The interpretability and applicability of research findings based on neuroimaging protocols and their limitations are addressed.
AMB2018-03: Benchmark Physical Property Measurements for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Polycarbonate

Material extrusion (MatEx) is finding increasing applications in additive manufacturing of thermoplastics due to the ease of use and the ability to process disparate polymers. Since part strength is anisotropic and frequently deviates negatively with respect to parts produced by injection molding, an urgent challenge is to predict final properties of parts made through this method. A nascent effort is underway to develop theoretical and computational models of MatEx part properties, but these efforts require comprehensive experimental data for guidance and validation. As part of the AM-Bench framework, we provide here a thorough set of measurements on a model system: polycarbonate printed in a simple rectangular shape. For the precursor material (as-received filament), we perform rheology, gel permeation chromatography, and dynamical mechanical analysis, to ascertain critical material parameters such as molar mass distribution, glass transition, and shear thinning. Following processing, we conduct X-ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, depth sensing indentation, and atomic force microscopy modulus mapping. These measurements provide information related to pores, method of failure, and local modulus variations. Finally, we conduct tensile testing to assess strength and degree of anisotropy of mechanical properties. We find several effects that lead to degradation of tensile properties including the presence of pore networks, poor interfacial bonding, variations in interfacial mechanical behavior between rasters, and variable interaction of the neighboring builds within the melt state. The results provide insight into the processing–structure–property relationships and should serve as benchmarks for the development of mechanical models.
Abelian subgroups of out(Fn)

We classify abelian subgroups of Out.Fn/ up to finite index in an algorithmic and computationally friendly way. A process called disintegration is used to canonically decompose a single rotationless element into a composition of finitely many elements and then these elements are used to generate an abelian subgroup A. / that contains . The main theorem is that up to finite index every abelian subgroup is realized by this construction. As an application we give an explicit description, in terms of relative train track maps and up to finite index, of all maximal rank abelian subgroups of Out.Fn/ and of IAn .
An SoC FPAA Based Programmable, Ladder-Filter Based, Linear-Phase Analog Filter

This work demonstrates a Continuous-Time (CT) Ladder filter using transconductance amplifiers as an approximate delay stage implemented on a large-scale Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) and characterized on an SoC FPAA. We experimentally demonstrate a reprogrammable CT Analog linear-phase filter by utilizing the ladder filter delay element and Vector-Matrix Multiplication (VMM) both compiled on the SoC FPAA. Using the Ladder Filter as a programmable CT delay operation enables a traditionally difficult analog signal operation. This effort extensively models and characterizes the ladder filter delay stage in terms of its transfer function, delay tunability, power requirements, distortion, and SNR. The theoretical development is compared to experimental measurements on an SoC FPAA with programmable ladder filter delay of $2.9\mu \text{s}$ and $4.2\mu \text{s}$ for multiple input frequencies (e.g. 5kHz, 20kHz). In addition, we show that VMMs can compensate the non-idealities found in the ladder filter delay-line operation.
What Is Rough Sex, Who Does It, and Who Likes It? Findings from a Probability Sample of U.S. Undergraduate Students

Using data from an undergraduate probability sample, we aimed to: (1) describe the prevalence and demographic characteristics of students who reported having engaged in rough sex with their current partner; (2) assess which sexual behaviors students consider to be rough sex; (3) describe the frequency with which participants report engaging in rough sex as well as their reports of initiating and liking rough sex, in relation to gender and sexual identity; and (4) examine predictors of rough sex frequency. Participants were 4998 students randomly sampled from a large Midwestern university who completed a confidential Internet-based survey (2453 women, 2445 men, 41 gender non-binary, 36 transgender or other gender non-conforming identities). Within these, 1795 individuals who reported a romantic/sexual partner of at least 3 months responded to questions about engaging, liking, and initiating rough sex. The most common behaviors participants considered to be rough sex were choking, hair pulling, and spanking. Transgender and gender non-binary students more often endorsed behaviors as rough sex. Also, rough sex was conceptualized as multidimensional, with one cluster being more consistent with earlier conceptualizations of rough sex (e.g., hair pulling, spanking) and the second cluster including behaviors such as choking, slapping, punching, and making someone have sex. About 80% of those with a current sexual or romantic partner engaged in rough sex with them and most who engaged it liked it. Bisexual women reported greater rough sex frequency and enjoyment (54.1% indicated enjoying it “very much”). Implications for sexuality research and education are discussed.
Spatial dynamic game models for coevolution of intertemporal economic decision-making and spatial networks

Abstract This paper introduces a spatial panel data model describing local agents’ intertemporal decision-making with their network interactions and network evolution. Our model’s purpose is to give a tool to analyze local governments’ behaviors when there exist network interactions among them with endogenously changing networks. To provide a theoretical foundation of our model, we establish a network interaction model for forward-looking agents. An agent’s current action can affect his future network links via time-varying economic indicators. To estimate the model’s parameters, we consider a GMM estimation method based on first-order conditions of agents’ approximated lifetime problems. Asymptotic properties of the GMM estimator are studied for statistical inferences. Using our model, we find evidence of positive spillovers among U.S. states’ public welfare expenditures with coevolution between them and spatial-economic networks.
A Tale of Two Medals: The USA, Olympic Ice Hockey and Popular American Views of Détente (1972) and Renewed Cold War (1980)

The very different popular reactions to the USA’s hockey medals at Sapporo (silver in 1972) and Lake Placid (gold in 1980) reveal a shift in popular American attitudes during he 1970s, away from su...
Fibrinolytic Administration via EkoSonic™ Endovascular System (EKOS) Catheter Used in Acute Aortic Occlusion Secondary to COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 is the virus responsible for the 2019 global pandemic. Pulmonary complications of COVID-19 are well established in the literature. However, the virus causes numerous extrapulmonary manifestations, notably acute aortic occlusion (AAO). COVID-19 creates a hypercoagulable state via the upregulation of numerous procoagulant cytokines in endothelial cells of blood vessels. We present a case of a 63-year-old patient without a previous history of prothrombotic disorders who developed AAO in the distal abdominal aorta and bilateral common iliac arteries after contracting COVID-19. The patient was a poor surgical candidate and was treated with fibrinolytics that were administered via an EkoSonic™ Endovascular System (EKOS) catheter using a bilateral transfemoral approach. This case highlights a unique treatment option for non-surgical candidates with AAO.
A Prospective Trial of Aggressive Therapy Consisting of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Androgen Deprivation Followed by Prostatectomy and Adjuvant Radiation in High/Very High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose/Objective(s) Prostatectomy (RP) is a treatment (tx) option even for high-risk prostate cancer (PC) per the NCCN guidelines. We report the long-term follow-up of a pilot clinical trial using an aggressive multimodal approach integrating chemo-hormone tx, prostatectomy (RP) and adjuvant radiation (RT) in men with high/very high-risk PC. Materials/Methods Preoperative tx entailed 6 months (mo) of chemo-hormones consisting of LHRH agonist (6 mo) integrated with adriamycin (A) and docetaxel (T). Two dose levels of A and T were incorporated with LHRH agonist tx: a higher dose (HD) of A (50mg/m2) and T (70mg/m2), and a lower dose (LD) of A (15mg/m2) and T (30mg/m2). HD chemo was given on 2 separate occasions (3 days post LHRH injection) in an effort to take advantage of the expected testosterone surge that occurs 3-5 days post LHRH agonist tx, while LD chemotherapy was given at other time points during the 6-month neoadjuvant period. This was followed by RP. The median post-op RT dose was 70.2 Gy (whole pelvis, with cone downs; range: 64.8-70.2) via 3D-CRT/IMRT. Three patients did not undergo RP after neoadjuvant chemo-hormone tx and went on to receive definitive RT (75.6 Gy). The overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), freedom from PSA failure (bNED, PSA > 0.2), and late GI/GU toxicity rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 22 men were enrolled from 2002-2006. Median pre-tx age, PSA and Gleason score were 61 years (range, 43-70), 24.1 ng/ml (range, 1.6-168.3) and 7 (range, 6-10), respectively. A total of 77% of patients received all therapy as planned. Median follow-up for the entire cohort and those alive were 10.9 years (range, 3.4-18.4) and 16.8 years (range, 15-18.4), respectively. The 15-year OS, DFS and bNED rates were 31.2%, 22.7% and 46.2%, respectively. Six patients (27%) never achieved PSA Conclusion Despite an aggressive multimodal regimen that incorporated chemo-hormones, RP and adjuvant RT for high/very high-risk prostate cancer, the 15-year bNED rate was only 46.5%. Therefore, the role of RP and neoadjuvant chemo-hormone therapy remains questionable among high-risk patients in light of superior long-term outcomes demonstrated in trials like ASCENDE-RT that incorporated brachytherapy boost with RT and androgen deprivation.
Optimal Sensor Suite Selection for Helicopter Enhanced Vision in All-Weather-All-Environment Operation Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques

Optimum sensor selection for helicopter enhanced vision in all-weather operations is a strategic issue and has a significant impact on safety, efficiency and utility of military and Emergency Service Helicopters. On the other hand, selecting the optimal sensor among many alternatives is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The sensor selection task in this paper is modelled as a stepwise Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to guide the selection process, based on criteria relating to environmental conditions (fog, rain, dust) and sensor characteristics (detection range, update rate, resolution). Result of this study reveals that a combination of millimeter wave radar, passive millimeter wave camera and infrared camera is the optimal suite having the highest value among all the alternatives considered. This result will guide decision makers at the Headquarters of the Nigerian Air force and indeed other helicopter operators in their quest to equip helicopters for operation in adverse weather conditions.
Encoding of Symbolic Inputs

Variables in the specification of a design are often multiple-valued or symbolic. However, in order to implement the design as a VLSI circuit, a binary encoding for the various symbolic values of the symbolic variable has to be chosen. Examples of symbolic variables include the “instruction” of a computer which takes values over the different instructions. In a controller implementation, each instruction is assigned a unique binary opcode. Another example is an arithmetic unit with a symbolic input in its specification that controls the operation the unit performs.
Obesity-induced adipokine imbalance impairs mouse pulmonary vascular endothelial function and primes the lung for injury

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but mechanisms mediating this association are unknown. While obesity is known to impair systemic blood vessel function, and predisposes to systemic vascular diseases, its effects on the pulmonary circulation are largely unknown. We hypothesized that the chronic low grade inflammation of obesity impairs pulmonary vascular homeostasis and primes the lung for acute injury. The lung endothelium from obese mice expressed higher levels of leukocyte adhesion markers and lower levels of cell-cell junctional proteins when compared to lean mice. We tested whether systemic factors are responsible for these alterations in the pulmonary endothelium; treatment of primary lung endothelial cells with obese serum enhanced the expression of adhesion proteins and reduced the expression of endothelial junctional proteins when compared to lean serum. Alterations in pulmonary endothelial cells observed in obese mice were associated with enhanced susceptibility to LPS-induced lung injury. Restoring serum adiponectin levels reversed the effects of obesity on the lung endothelium and attenuated susceptibility to acute injury. Our work indicates that obesity impairs pulmonary vascular homeostasis and enhances susceptibility to acute injury and provides mechanistic insight into the increased prevalence of ARDS in obese humans.
Reduced duration of muscle relaxation with rocuronium in a normocalcemic hyperparathyroid patient.

Purpose To report a case of reduced duration of action of rocuronium in a patient with normocalcemic hyperparathyroid ism (HPT).
A fast algorithm for solving Toeplitz systems of equations

A fast algorithm is presented for solving Toeplitz systems of equations. The proposed algorithm is an extension of the algorithm presented by Jain (1979). Unfortunately, Jain's algorithm is limited to systems where the size is a power of two and it does not exploit the symmetry of the right hand vectors. In comparison, the algorithm proposed here can solve Toeplitz systems of any size and it is specialized to exploit the symmetry of right hand side vectors. >
Inference from populations: going beyond models.

Abstract How are abstract signals, like intent, represented in neural populations? By creating a direct link between neural activity and behavior, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can help answer this question. Early instantiations of these devices sought mainly to mimic arm movements: by building models of arm tuning for the neurons, desired arm movements could be read out and used to control various prosthetic devices. However, as the functionality of these devices increases, a more general approach that relies less on endogenous control signals may be required. Here we review some of the current, model-based approaches for finding volitional control signals for spiking-based BCIs, and present some new approaches for finding control signals without resorting to parametric models of neural activity.
The role of text in the processing of people in organizations

The micro processes which comprise the daily operations of formal organizations, particularly those organizations charged with processing people, have been relatively neglected. Although conversational analysts have shown interest in these micro processes, they have tended to neglect the role that bureaucratic texts play in these processes. I treat the background knowledge and information that personnel possess as resources upon which personnel can selectively draw to accomplish their processing of cases. Examining the presentence reports filed by probation officers in a county probation department, I find that the structure and content of these reports are explained by various formal and informal protocols possessed by officers; officers selectively use this knowledge in order to accomplish their work. Also important are the roles that officers play within the justice system and the position they occupy vis‐a‐vis judges. I argue that the analysis presented in this paper can be used to examine bureaucrati...