cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny, Species Delimitation, and Recombination in Sphagnum Section Acutifolia

Abstract Nucleotide sequences for six nuclear loci and one chloroplast region were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in Sphagnum section Acutifolia. The combined data matrix, which includes 136 accessions (129 ingroup taxa and seven outgroups) and 5126 nucleotide sites, was analyzed using Bayesian inference. Most of the individual morphospecies commonly recognized in the section were represented by multiple populations, in some cases by up to 16 accessions from throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Results of the combined seven-locus analysis resolved many of the species as monophyletic, but the deeper nodes were generally without support. Separate analyses of single-locus data sets revealed significant conflicts, indicating gene flow among both closely and more distantly related species within the section. The sequence data allowed likely parentage to be identified for several species of hybrid origin, and identified individual accessions that appear to be genetic admixtures. Taxonomic conclus...
Improved Estimates of Site Index Curves Using a Varying-Parameter Model

ABsrRAcr. Current methods for developing site index curves from stem analysis data or from remeasured permanent plots commonly regress height on age (or age and site) using a nonlinear regression model fitted to the pooled observations. While this is a computationally efficient method, it does not satisfactorily account for between-tree differences in individual tree height groV\,th.This paper presents a varying-parameter (linear random regression coefficient) model that is derived by fitting height growth models to each individual tree in the data set. A weighted least squares technique is then employed to combine these individual estimates to form a mean estimate of the parameters of a sigmoid height growth model. These parameters are then used to predict the height development of site trees. An example of the procedure is given using stem analysis data from primarily dominant trees in the young-growth mixed conifer forests of California. FORESTScI. 31:248-259.
Cognitive capacities for cooking in chimpanzees

The transition to a cooked diet represents an important shift in human ecology and evolution. Cooking requires a set of sophisticated cognitive abilities, including causal reasoning, self-control and anticipatory planning. Do humans uniquely possess the cognitive capacities needed to cook food? We address whether one of humans' closest relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), possess the domain-general cognitive skills needed to cook. Across nine studies, we show that chimpanzees: (i) prefer cooked foods; (ii) comprehend the transformation of raw food that occurs when cooking, and generalize this causal understanding to new contexts; (iii) will pay temporal costs to acquire cooked foods; (iv) are willing to actively give up possession of raw foods in order to transform them; and (v) can transport raw food as well as save their raw food in anticipation of future opportunities to cook. Together, our results indicate that several of the fundamental psychological abilities necessary to engage in cooking may have been shared with the last common ancestor of apes and humans, predating the control of fire.
Cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal stem cell disorder associated with peripheral blood monocytosis and an inherent tendency to transform to acute myeloid leukemia. CMML has overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Clonal cytogenetic changes are seen in ~30%, whereas gene mutations are seen in >90% of patients. Common cytogenetic abnormalities include; trisomy 8, -Y, -7/del(7q), trisomy 21 and del(20q), with the Mayo–French risk stratification effectively risk stratifying patients based on cytogenetic abnormalities. Gene mutations frequently involve epigenetic regulators (TET2 ~60%), modulators of chromatin (ASXL1 ~40%), spliceosome components (SRSF2 ~50%), transcription factors (RUNX1 ~15%) and signal pathways (RAS ~30%, CBL ~15%). Of these, thus far, only nonsense and frameshift ASXL1 mutations have been shown to negatively impact overall survival. This has resulted in the development of contemporary, molecularly integrated (inclusive of ASXL1 mutations) CMML prognostic models, including Molecular Mayo Model and the Groupe Francais des Myelodysplasies model. Better understanding of the prevalent genetic and epigenetic dysregulation has resulted in emerging targeted treatment options for some patients. The development of an integrated (cytogenetic and molecular) prognostic model along with CMML-specific response assessment criteria are much needed future goals.
Controlled self-assembly of filled micelles on nanotubes.

We have used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to show that hydrated lipid micelles of preferred sizes and amounts of filling with hydrophobic molecules can be self-assembled on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes. We simulated micelle formation on a hydrated (40,0) carbon nanotube with an open end that was covered with amphiphilic double-headed CH3(CH2)14CH(((CH2OCH2CH2)2(CH2COCH2))2H)2 or single-headed CH3(CH2)14CH2((CH2OCH2CH2)2(CH2COCH2))4H lipids and filled with hexadecane molecules. Once the hexadecane molecules inside the nanotube were pressurized and the lipids on its surface were dragged by the water flowing around it, kinetically stable micelles filled with hexadecane molecules were sequentially formed at the nanotube tip. We investigated the stability of the thus-formed kinetically stable filled micelles and compared them with thermodynamically stable filled micelles that were self-assembled in the solution.
Plant development going MADS

It has been known for a decade that the plant MADS genes are important regulators of meristem and floral organ identity. The MADS family in Arabidopsis consists of more than 80 members and, until recently, the function of the majority of these genes was unknown. With the enhanced ability to generate loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines, the function of the MADS gene family members is beginning to be elucidated. Recent progress demonstrates that MADS genes in Arabidopsis are important regulators not only of meristem and floral organ identity but also of flowering timing and cell-type specification in floral organs.
Are Gastroenterologists Willing to Implement the "Predict, Resect, and Discard" Management Strategy for Diminutive Colorectal Polyps?: Results From a National Survey.

Goals To determine whether gastroenterologists would be willing to accept the "predict, resect, and discard" strategy for diminutive colorectal polyps and identify potential barriers to implementation in clinical practice. Background The ASGE recently published a Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) document on managing diminutive colorectal polyps using the "predict, resect, and discard" strategy. However, there is no data on whether gastroenterologists would accept this paradigm shift. Study We performed a random survey of gastroenterologists at a national meeting. Awareness of and willingness to adopt the "predict, resect, and discard" practice, reasons for not utilizing it, and whether a financial incentive would be persuasive in implementing the practice were assessed. Results A total of 105 gastroenterologists were surveyed. Seventy-six (72%) were aware of the PIVI statement and 64 (61%) stated they would be willing to implement this in practice. Medical-legal concerns (85%) and lack of financial incentives (32%) were the 2 most commonly cited barriers to implementation. Greater than 50% of those resistant to performing the service would be willing do so if given a financial incentive, with ∼50% of gastroenterologists who cited an appropriate incentive preferring >$75 to do so. Of these, private practice gastroenterologists and those who had financial interest in sending polyps to pathology were the most likely to request this amount. Conclusions Approximately two-thirds of gastroenterologists are willing to adopt the "predict, resect, and discard" strategy for managing diminutive colon polyps. Medical-legal concerns and lack of financial incentives are the primary barriers to implementation.
Improving photodynamic therapy efficiency by synthesis of folic acid and protoporphyrin IX conjugated persistent luminescence nanoparticles as a new drug carrier

The most challenging limitation of currently approved drugs (PpIX) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is their absorption band located in the visible light region which limits PDT efficiency. In addition, poor water dispersion of the drugs is an obstacle preventing sufficient generation of singlet oxygen (an essential key). To provide a proper internal activating light source for PpIX, injectable persistent luminescence nanoparticles which respond to both ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray were synthesized. Then, activated PpIX was conjugated to the NPs with APTES. Finally, folic acid (FA) was covalently bonded to PpIX-conjugated NPs to improve their water dispersion and tumor targeting abilities. The size of ultimate NPs (FA-PpIX-APTES-AG NPs) was 273 ± 5.5 nm. Raman spectroscopy results confirmed not only PpIX but also FA were successfully conjugated to APTES-AG NPs. Ultimate NPs could improve the generation of singlet oxygen 2.4% more than free PpIX for concentration of 1.5 μg/ml of free PpIX. Conjugation efficiency (CE) calculation showed that in 100 μg/ml PpIX-APTES-AG NPs, there was a 2.050±0.207 μg/ml of conjugated PpIX and 100 μg/ml PpIX-APTES-AG NPs was containing 26.87±2.998 μg/ml of FA. Exposed PC3 cells to ultimate NPs (equal to 5μg/ml of free PpIX) demonstrated 30% less dark toxicity and almost 15% more toxicity after exposure to UV for 5 min compared to that of free PpIX. All mentioned results proved that the fabrication of FA-PpIX-conjugated AG NPs may introduce an acceptable solution to current challenges of PDT including weak penetration of blue light and low water dispersion of PpIX in water.
Purchase Decisions and Group Influence

may vary in their susceptibility to group influence. However, the similarity of brand choice measure used in the study precluded specific consideration of this question. Evaluation of the group influence-purchase behavior relationships discussed in other recent studies reveals that they vary substantially in strength among types of purchase decisions as well as among determinants of group influence [2, 5, 6].
Botrytis californica, a new cryptic species in the B. cinerea species complex causing gray mold in blueberries and table grapes

The Botrytis cinerea species complex comprises two cryptic species, originally referred to Group I and Group II based on Bc-hch gene RFLP haplotyping. Group I was described as a new cryptic species B. pseudocinerea During a survey of Botrytis spp. causing gray mold in blueberries and table grapes in the Central Valley of California, six isolates, three from blueberries and three from table grapes, were placed in Group I but had a distinct morphological character with conidiophores significantly longer than those of B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea We compared these with B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea by examining morphological and physiological characters, sensitivity to fenhexamid and phylogenetic analysis inferred from sequences of three nuclear genes. Phylogenetic analysis with the three partial gene sequences encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) supported the proposal of a new Botrytis species, B. californica, which is closely related genetically to B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. sinoviticola, all known as causal agents of gray mold of grapes. Botrytis californica caused decay on blueberry and table grape fruit inoculated with the fungus. This study suggests that B. californica is a cryptic species sympatric with B. cinerea on blueberries and table grapes in California.
Application of Instant Messaging Used in Sci-tech Periodical Editing

Explored the application of instant messaging used in sci-tech periodical business,set QQ as an example,introduced the active effects in the enhance of work efficiency,communication to the writers,advertisers,database operators,design of advertisement,study to the colleagues.
Successful nonsurgical treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate

Although cervical pregnancy is a rare complication of gestation, previously described treatments are associated with a high morbidity. A case of cervical pregnancy successfully treated without surgery is presented. When the diagnosis is made early in gestation, the use of methotrexate should be considered for the treatment of cervical pregnancy when future fertility is desirable.
Oxygen diffusion in hcp metals from first principles

Oxygen interstitial site energies and migration barriers in 15 hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals have been calculated with first-principles density functional theory. Multiple hcp systems show a preference for the hexahedral site over the tetrahedral site, as well as a stable crowdion site. More surprisingly, in more than half of the hcp systems, the oxygen does not choose the large octahedral interstitial as its ground state. We explain this result based on the effective valence of the metal from crystal-field splitting and the $c/a$ ratio. Diffusion constants for oxygen in all 15 hcp systems are calculated from analytically derived diffusion equations and match available experimental data.
GLUCOCORTICOID REPLACEMENT REGIMENS IN CHRONIC ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Objective: Various glucocorticoid (GC) regimens have been used in the treatment of patients with adrenal insufficiency, yet the differences between such regimens on health outcomes are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of GC regimens on quality of life (QoL), bone density, incidence of adrenal crisis, and death. In pediatric studies, we also searched for final adult height. Methods: We searched 6 databases through July 2016. Studies were selected and appraised by independent reviewers. Data were pooled using the profile likelihood random-effects model. Results: We included 34 studies. We found no difference in QoL scores between higher (≥30 mg/day of hydrocortisone [HC] equivalence) vs. lower daily doses (<30 mg/day of HC equivalence) (P = .15) or based on frequency of daily dosing (once, twice or thrice daily). Extended-release (1 study), dual-/modified-release (3 studies), and continuous subcutaneous (3 studies) forms of GCs were associated with higher Qo...
Religious and spiritual struggle: prevalence and correlates among older adults with depression in the BRIGHTEN Program

ABSTRACTOlder adults (OA) are more religious and/or spiritual (R/S) than younger adults, but some experience R/S struggle which is associated with poorer quality of life. Little is known about R/S struggle in community dwelling OA. This study examines prevalence, correlates, the association with depression for R/S struggle, and a desire for spiritual care in community dwelling OA with depression. In a programme for integrating care for these OA, 188 participants provided demographic information along with the Geriatric Depression Scale and a tool screening for potential R/S struggle. Prevalence of potential R/S struggle was 50%. The younger OA and Caucasian individuals vs. Hispanic individuals were more likely to experience potential R/S struggle. A relationship of potential R/S struggle with depression persisted with the inclusion of controls. Of those with potential struggle, 52% wanted to see a chaplain. Screening for potential R/S struggle can play an important role in choosing specific interventions ...
Clinical Evaluation of Bone Strength and Fracture Risk

This paper seeks to evaluate and compare recent advances in the clinical assessment of the changes in bone mechanical properties that take place as a result of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases and their treatments. In addition to the standard of DXA-based areal bone mineral density (aBMD), a variety of methods, including imaging-based structural measurements, finite element analysis (FEA)-based techniques, and alternate methods including ultrasound, bone biopsy, reference point indentation, and statistical shape and density modeling, have been developed which allow for reliable prediction of bone strength and fracture risk. These methods have also shown promise in the evaluation of treatment-induced changes in bone mechanical properties. Continued technological advances allowing for increasingly high-resolution imaging with low radiation dose, together with the expanding adoption of DXA-based predictions of bone structure and mechanics, as well as the increasing awareness of the importance of bone material properties in determining whole-bone mechanics, lead us to anticipate substantial future advances in this field.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Interleukin-1 beta: Different Roles in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a 23-KDa soluble glycoprotein that blocks the activity of IL-1α and IL-1β by competing with type I and type II IL-1 receptors without initiating signal transduction. IL-1Ra is anti-inflammatory, while IL-1β is a proinflammatory molecule. IL-1β enhances the immunological and hemopoietic systems and IL-1Ra acts as an inhibitor. IL-1β induces the cell surface expression of cytokine receptors on lymphoid and hemopoietic cells, whereas IL-1Ra suppresses this activity. IL-1β augments lymphoid and hemopoietic cell growth, whereas IL-1Ra suppresses this growth. We evaluated the clinical relevance of IL-1Ra and IL-1β levels in the plasma of 92 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher in CLL patients (median, 389, range 52–3667 pg/mL) than in 31 normal control subjects (median, 217; range, 94–868 pg/mL) (P
Neurological Complications of Immune-Based Therapies

While immune-based cancer therapies are generally more easily tolerated than cytotoxic or targeted therapies, and serious neurological complications occur rarely, they carry their own unique neurological complications. With the increasing use of immunotherapy in the treatment of multiple cancers, it is increasingly important for oncologists and neuro-oncologists to familiarize themselves with the toxicity profiles of these agents. This chapter highlights the neurologic complications described with the use of cancer vaccines, cytokines, and immune-active antibodies including checkpoint blockade.
What Factors Necessitate Removal of Retained Ballistic Fragments in the Head and Neck

Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of retained ballistic fragment (RBF) removal and to identify factors associated with an increased risk for RBF removal. To date, there are no studies focused on identifying factors associated with removal of RBFs localized to the maxillofacial region. Materials and Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, the authors enrolled a sample composed of patients with RBFs localized to the maxillofacial region. The predictor variables included bullet size, location, involvement of bone, involvement of sinus, antibiotics, multiple antibiotics, and multiple locations. The primary outcome variable was RBF retrieval. The secondary outcome variables were timing of operative retrieval, fragment site infection, and migration of RBF. Appropriate uni- and bivariate statistics were computed and logistic regression modeling was used. Results The sample was composed of 20 patients (mean age, 30 yr; 80% male) and 55% (11 patients) required or desired object removal overall. The number of projectiles ranged from 1 to 19 (total, 48) in the 20 patients. The logistic model identified larger size, final location of bone, final location of soft tissue, and final location of sinus as having a higher probability of removal that was statistically significant (P Conclusion Size was the only statistically significant predictor variable with a substantial OR (1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-3.40; P
Woody cover and proximity to water increase American black bear depredation on cattle in Coahuila, Mexico

American black bear (Ursus americanus; hereafter, bear) depredation on cattle is a rare occurrence. Our study population of bears normally coexists with cattle ranching operations in Serranias del Burro, Coahuila, Mexico. However, we observed unusually high incidences of depredation upon cattle during a severe drought in 1999–2000. We documented >60 reports of calf kills among 3 herds; we were able to locate exact kill-site locations for 16 of these cases. Of the 16 kills, 15 were of calves and 1 was of a cow giving birth, which resulted in the death of both cow and calf. We used logistic regression to quantify how landscape features (i.e., grassland vs. woody habitats, distance to screening cover, and distance to water source at 16 kill sites and 26 random sites) influenced probability of cattle kills. Of known kill locations, 88% of kills (n = 14) took place in woody vegetation while 12% (n = 2) took place in grassland. Our analysis indicated that habitat type (woody vs. grassland) and distance to water source were important factors in predicting bear depredation on cattle. Mean probability of depredation was 2–3 times greater in woody vegetation than in open grassland and was highest near water tanks. The probability of encounter between bears and cattle likely increased as they localized movements around watering areas, which happened to coincide with calving areas and season. Bears utilized screening cover to approach and drag off calves while mother cows were foraging. Supervising and keeping cattle in grassland areas until calves are ≥1 month old and providing alternate water sources outside of calving areas may reduce the potential for conflict. Drought may increase the potential for conflict, so cattle management strategies during periods of low rainfall should be altered to minimize losses.
Clubs’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Perspectives of Club Managers in North America

This study investigated clubs’ corporate environmental responsibility (CER), environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), and perceived barriers to implementing ERB. Two primary categories of clubs ...
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) PREVENTION DURING US AMBULATORY CARE VISITS FOR PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Tracking medication use and lifestyle counseling to prevent CVD among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may identify opportunities to improve care delivery and patient outcomes. Trends in the proportion of visits of patients age ≥ 40 with preventive medication (antiplatelet therapy [aspirin or
Counterproductive sustainability behaviors and their relationship to personality traits

This article introduces the concept of ‘counterproductive sustainability behaviors’ (CSB) as a novel expression of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). It presents a short measure of CSB that applies the construct of counterproductivity to employee behaviors in the environmental sustainability domain. Personality assessments were administered to three independent samples—employed students, experienced employees, and job applicants—to investigate the relationship between personality and CSB (self‐reports and other‐rated), and to compare results to those obtained in the prediction of traditional CWB.
Exploring the Factor Structure of a K–12 English Language Proficiency Assessment

In this study we investigated the internal factor structure of a large-scale K–12 assessment of English language proficiency (ELP) using samples of fourth- and eighth-grade English learners (ELs) i...
Host genetic susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infections in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: a genome-wide association study

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. Unfortunately, genes that identify CDI-susceptible patients have not been well described. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine genetic variants associated with the development of CDI. A cohort study of Caucasian patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma was performed. Patients were genotyped using Illumina® Whole Genome Genotyping Infinium chemistry. We then compared CDI-positive to CDI-negative patients using logistic regression for baseline clinical factors and false discovery rate (FDR) for genetic factors [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)]. SNPs associated with CDI at FDR of p < 0.01 were then incorporated into a logistic regression model combining clinical and genetic factors. Of the 646 patients analyzed (59.7% male), 57 patients were tested CDI positive (cases) and were compared to 589 patients who were tested negative (controls). Hemoglobin, albumin, and hematocrit were lower for cases (p < 0.05). Eight SNPs on five genes (FLJ16171, GORASP2, RLBP1L1, ASPH, ATP7B) were associated with CDI at FDR p < 0.01. In the combined clinical and genetic model, low albumin and three genes RLBP1L1, ASPH, and ATP7B were associated with CDI. Low serum albumin and genes RLBP1L1 and ASPH located on chromosome 8 and ATP7B on chromosome 13 were associated with CDI. Of particular interest is ATP7B given its copper modulatory role and the sporicidal properties of copper against Clostridium difficile.
Trabeculectomy with intraoperative 5-fluorouracil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcome and complication rates of trabeculectomy following the combined use of intraoperative, topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and low-dose, postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU injections. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-one eyes of 41 patients with advanced, medically uncontrolled glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy with intraoperative episcleral application of 5-FU (50 mg/ml for 5 minutes). A variable number of subconjunctival 5-FU injections were administered postoperatively at the discretion of the operating surgeon. RESULTS Six-, 12-, and 15-month life-table success rates (5 mm Hg < or = intraocular pressure [IOP < or = 21 mm Hg) were 100%, 97%, and 83%, respectively. Mean postoperative IOP was 12.1 +/- 4.3 mm Hg. An average of 2.2 +/- 1.6 (range 0 to 7) supplemental subconjunctival 5-FU injections were administered postoperatively. Corneal epithelial erosions developed in 7 (17%) of the eyes. Five of 7 patients who underwent subsequent surgical procedures maintained successful control of IOP at an average of 11.0 +/- 4.8 (range 5 to 16) months after the secondary surgery. CONCLUSION Trabeculectomy with intraoperative 5-FU is effective in controlling IOP while possibly minimizing the need for frequent postoperative injections and the occurrence of corneal epitheliopathy.
Ecosystem Management, Environmental Values and Lake Issyk-Kul

The concept of an ecosystem entered ecology when Tansley [1] coined the phrase to emphasize the cohesion of the physical and biological characteristics of the earth’s biota. While the term was new, however, the idea was not. Limnologists, in particular, had been treating lakes and rivers from an ecosystem perspective for decades prior to this [2] [3]. In more recent times, the ecosystem concept has been making its way from the science of ecology proper into the arena of environmental policy. Ecosystem management has emerged as the strategy of choice among a broad range of environmental decision-makers. Here, as well, the biology of fresh waters has led the way. Since at least 1972, when the United States passed the Clean Water Act calling for restoration of the biological integrity of the nation’s lakes and streams, environmental managers have self-consciously been managing these water resources from an ecosystem perspective.
Interatomic potentials for ground and excited states of Ar+He

The potential energy curves (PECs) of the ground and excited states that correlate in the atomic limit with Ar([Ne]3s23p6,1S), Ar([Ne]3s23p54s1, 3P, 1P), and Ar([Ne]3s23p54p1, 3D, 3P, 3S, 1D, 1P, 1S) are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI+Q) theoretical level with extrapolations to the complete basis set limit using all-electron correlation consistent triple-, quadruple-, and quintuple-zeta basis sets. Scalar relativistic corrections are calculated using second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian with the corresponding basis sets contracted for scalar relativistic Hamiltonians. For these calculations, the 3s orbitals of the Ar atom are not included in the active space but are correlated through single and double excitations. Spin-orbit eigenstates are computed by diagonalizing the Breit-Pauli matrix between internal configurations with no electrons in external orbitals and added to the scalar relativistic results. A total of 32 molecular PECs are computed with spin-orbit contributions, which correlate with 1s1, 1s5−2, and 2p10−1 atomic Ar energies in Paschen notation. Important features of the PECs and system crossings are discussed.The potential energy curves (PECs) of the ground and excited states that correlate in the atomic limit with Ar([Ne]3s23p6,1S), Ar([Ne]3s23p54s1, 3P, 1P), and Ar([Ne]3s23p54p1, 3D, 3P, 3S, 1D, 1P, 1S) are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI+Q) theoretical level with extrapolations to the complete basis set limit using all-electron correlation consistent triple-, quadruple-, and quintuple-zeta basis sets. Scalar relativistic corrections are calculated using second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian with the corresponding basis sets contracted for scalar relativistic Hamiltonians. For these calculations, the 3s orbitals of the Ar atom are not included in the active space but are correlated through single and double excitations. Spin-orbit eigenstates are computed by diagonalizing the Breit-Pauli matrix between internal configurations with no electrons in external orbitals and added to the scalar relativistic results. A total of 32 molecular PECs are computed with spin-orbit con...
State Estimation for MRI-Actuated Cathers via Catadioptric Stereo Camera

An MRI-actuated catheter is a novel robotic catheter system that utilizes the MR scanner for both remote steering and catheter tracking. In order to develop the mathematical model and the planning algorithm of the catheter in parallel to the MR tracking system, an alternative catheter tracking method is needed. This paper presents a catheter tracking algorithm based on the particle filter and the catadioptric camera system. The motion model of the particle filter is based on the quasi-static kinematics of the catheter. The measurement model calculates the weights of the particles according to the normalized crosscorrelation of the segmented image from camera and a virtual rendering of the catheter. The efficacy of the tracking algorithm is demonstrates via experimental results.
Mathematical Models of Groundwater Quality

We have introduced the mechanism of hydrodynamic dispersion, derived the hydrodynamic dispersion equations, and presented various methods for solving this kind of equation in previous chapters. Let us now consider how to construct and solve the general hydrodynamic dispersion models, or the advection-dispersion models.
Educated beyond Our Intelligence

This article discusses the effects of a hypothetical policy restricting entry to American colleges and universities on the basis of academic standards. Admission would he restricted to those applicants whose test scores and high school records placed them in the upper one half of their high school classes. Those failing to meet the standard presumably would be forced to go to work. The merits of the policy are examined in the context of conservative and liberal educational reform movements. Perceived economic and social benefits of college attendance are discussed.
Correction to: Climate Change Interactions with Agriculture, Forestry Sequestration, and Food Security

This correction stands to correct the original article as the authors have provided the following corrections for Table 2, the corrected values (in billion of USD of welfare) are.
[4+4]-Cycloaddition of Isoprene for the Production of High-Performance Bio-Based Jet Fuel.

Isoprene was efficiently converted to 1,6-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene (DMCOD) by selective [4 + 4]-cycloaddition with a catalyst formed by in situ reduction of [(MePI)FeCl(μ-Cl)]2 (MePI = [2-(2,6-(CH3)2-C6H3-NC(CH3))-C4H5N]). DMCOD was isolated in 92% yield, at the preparative scale, with a catalyst loading of 0.025 mol%, and a TON of 3680. Catalytic hydrogenation of DMCOD yielded 1,4-dimethylcyclooctane (DMCO). The cyclic structure and ring strain of DMCO afforded gravimetric and volumetric net heats of combustion 2.4 and 9.2% higher, respectively, than conventional jet fuel. In addition, the presence of methyl branches at two sites resulted in a −20 °C kinematic viscosity of 4.17 mm2 s−1, 48% lower than the maximum allowed value for conventional jet fuel. The ability to derive isoprene and related alcohols readily from abundant biomass sources, coupled with the highly efficient [Fe]-catalyzed [4 + 4]-cycloaddition described herein, suggests that this process holds great promise for the economical production of high-performance, bio-based jet fuel blendstocks.
Dental Caries Risk Varies Among Subgroups of Children with Special Health Care Needs.

Purpose: Currently, caries risk assessment tools consider all children with special health care needs in tandem. The purpose of this study was to test this assumption by examining caries risk among and within five distinct groups of children, most with special health care needs (CSHCN): (1) autism (ASD); (2) congenital heart disease (CHD); (3) cerebral palsy (CP); (4) Down syndrome (DS); and (5) a control (non-CSHCN) group. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort of 150 patients (30 per group) from a private pediatric dental practice was assembled, and information on caries diagnoses and 21 postulated caries risk factors from clinical records was extracted. Bivariate tests and multivariable Poisson regression modeling were used to estimate the caries incidence rate (IR), ratio (IRR), and 95 percent confidence interval (CI). Results: CSHCN had a higher caries burden and caries risk (IR equals 0.049 per person per year) compared to the control group (IR equals 0.033). Caries risk was nearly double among CHD (IRR equals 1.9 [95 percent CI equals 0.72 to 5.2] versus controls) compared to DS (IRR equals 1.04 [95 percent CI equals 0.38 to 2.9]). Visible cavities or fillings was the only significant risk factor, yet it did not alter the between-CSHCN group (i.e., CHD greater than DS, controls) caries risk heterogeneity. Conclusions: Children with special health care needs comprise a heterogeneous group that must be treated in a precise, diagnosis-specific manner in caries risk assessment. Caries experience in the primary dentition was the only significant predictor of permanent dentition caries incidence. (Pediatr Dent 2019;41(5):378-84).
Behavioral and Neural Markers of Emotion Competence as Predictors of Later Psychopathology in Children With and Without Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms.

Objective: We examined behavioral and neural markers of emotion competence in young children as predictors of psychopathology, and as mediators of the relation between hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/...
Abstract P1-19-02: Overall survival for first-line palbociclib plus letrozole vs letrozole alone for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients in US real-world clinical practice

Background: Palbociclib (PB), the first clinically available oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, in combination with endocrine therapy has become standard of care for HR+/HER2- advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The phase III PALOMA-2 trial demonstrated significant progression-free survival benefit of PB plus letrozole (LE) vs LE + placebo (27.6 vs 14.5 months; HR=0.56, 0 Citation Format: Angela DeMichele, Massimo Cristofanilli, Adam Brufsky, Xianchen Liu, Jack Mardekian, Lynn McRoy, Rachel M Layman, Hope S Rugo, Richard S Finn. Overall survival for first-line palbociclib plus letrozole vs letrozole alone for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients in US real-world clinical practice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-19-02.
Keratin 19 maintains E-cadherin localization at the cell surface and stabilizes cell-cell adhesion of MCF7 cells

Abstract A cytoskeletal protein keratin 19 (K19) is highly expressed in breast cancer but its effects on breast cancer cell mechanics are unclear. Using KRT19 knockout (KO) cells and cells where K19 expression was rescued, we found that K19 is required to maintain rounded epithelial-like shape and tight cell-cell adhesion of MCF7 cells. A loss of K19 resulted in a lower level of plakoglobin and internalization of E-cadherin in early and recycling endosomes. Inhibiting internalization restored cell-cell adhesion of KRT19 KO cells, suggesting E-cadherin internalization contributes to defective adhesion. Ultimately, while K19 inhibited cell migration, it was required for cells to form colonies in suspension. Our results suggest that K19 stabilizes E-cadherin complexes at the cell membrane to maintain cell-cell adhesion which inhibits cell migration but provides growth and survival advantages for circulating tumor cells. These findings provide context-dependent roles of K19 during metastasis.
Prime editing creates a novel dimension of plant precise genome editing

The precise genome editing has not been well established in plants, largely because of the limited frequency of homology recombination and the delivery barrier of donor templates. Recently, Dr. Caixia Gao's group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed a series of plant prime editors (PPEs), which mediats the prime editing in the genomes of rice and wheat. The PPE systems are able to generate all 12 kinds of programmable base substitutions, as well desired multiplex nucleotide substitutions and small deletions or insertions without DNA double-strand breaks, thus providing versatile tools for precise plant genome editing. Herein, we introduce the structure and the editing capacity of the PPEs. The attemp on efficiency enhancements of PPEs and other PPEs are also discussed, which may provide a reference for appropriate application of PPEs in plants and also for continuous optimization of the editing tools.
Out of Site: Empowering a New Approach to Online Boycotts

GrabYourWallet, #boycottNRA and other online boycott campaigns have attracted substantial public interest in recent months. However, a number of significant challenges are preventing online boycotts from reaching their potential. In particular, complex webs of brands and subsidiaries can make it difficult for participants to conform to the goals of a boycott. Similarly, participants and organizers have limited visibility into a boycott's progress. This affects their ability to use sociotechnical innovations from social computing to incentivize participation. To address these challenges, this paper makes a system contribution: a new boycott tool called Out of Site. Out of Site uses lightweight automation to remove obstacles to successful online boycotts. We describe the design challenges associated with Out of Site and report results from two phases of deployment with the GrabYourWallet and Stop Animal Testing boycott communities. Our findings highlight the potential of boycott-assisting technologies and inform the design of this new class of technologies. Finally, like is the case for many systems in social computing, while we designed Out of Site for pro-social uses, there are a number of easily predictable ways in which the system can be leveraged for anti-social purposes (e.g. exacerbating filter bubble issues, empowering boycotts of businesses owned by racial, ethnic, and religious minorities). As such, we developed for this project a new, very straightforward design approach that treats preventing these anti-social uses as a top-tier design concern. This approach stands in contrast to the status quo of ignoring potential anti-social uses and/or considering them to be a secondary design priority. We discuss how our simple approach may help other research projects reduce their potential negative impacts with minimal burden.
The Convergence of Sustainability and Marketing: Transforming Marketing to Respond to a New World:

This commentary offers reflections on how scholars can advance the marketing discipline and contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It contributes ...
Longitudinal changes in sex hormone-binding globulin in men with HIV.

BACKGROUND Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that regulates sex hormone bioavailability and increases with age in the general population. SHBG concentrations are higher in people with HIV, a population in whom accelerated aging has been hypothesized. It is unclear whether longitudinal changes in SHBG increase over time and differ by HIV serostatus. METHODS In a longitudinal study, SHBG was measured in 182 men with HIV (MWH) and 267 men without HIV (seronegative) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and matched for age, race, site, and time, with ≥2 SHBG serum samples over the 10 years after HAART initiation. Multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate whether log-transformed SHBG [ln(SHBG)] and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus. RESULTS At baseline, the mean age in MWH was similar to that in HIV-seronegative men (51 ± 5 vs 49 ± 6 years). However, SHBG mean values were higher in MWH compared with those in HIV-seronegative men (65.6 ± 48.8 vs. 45.4 ± 22 nmol/L, P < 0.001). In a fully adjusted model, SHBG increased over time and at a faster rate in MWH compared with that in HIV-seronegative men: [2.0%/year (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.7) vs 1.3%/year (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.8), respectively, P = 0.038]. Among MWH, higher SHBG concentrations were significantly associated with lower CD4+ T-cell count [β= -0.02 (95% CI: -0.03 to -0.0002), P < 0.05], fewer cumulative years on zidovudine [β = -0.027 (95% CI: -0.045 to -0.009), P < 0.001], and greater cumulative years on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drugs [β = 0.022 (95% CI: 0.0006 to 0.04), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Aging-related increases in SHBG were faster in MWH compared with those in HIV-seronegative men and were related to poorer immunologic status and antiretroviral medication exposure. The mechanisms and consequences of these findings require further investigation.
Managed Care Discounting: Evidence from the Marketscan Database

The paper examines price discounting by health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations in markets for hospital services. Our empirical analysis focuses on transaction prices for angioplasty, which is a relatively common procedure, with well defined 'product' characteristics. After controlling for patient and procedure heterogeneity and market power we find that on average prices for PPOs are 8% lower than fee-for-service plans, followed by point-of-service HMOs who capture a 24% discount. Our results are in general agreement with earlier work that shows that managed care discounts are 'real', after accounting for process of care.
Integrated transcriptomics identifies β-cell subpopulations and genetic networks associated with obesity and glycemic control in SM/J mice

Understanding how heterogeneous {beta}-cell function and stress response impact diabetic etiology is imperative for therapy development. Standard single-cell RNA sequencing analysis illuminates some genetic underpinnings driving heterogeneity, but new strategies are required to capture information lost due to technical limitations. Here, we integrate pancreatic islet single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data to identify {beta}-cell subpopulations based on gene expression and characterize genetic networks associated with {beta}-cell function in high- and low-fat fed male and female SM/J mice at 20 and 30wks of age. Previous studies have shown that high-fat fed SM/J mice resolve glycemic dysfunction between 20 and 30wks. We identify 4 {beta}-cell subpopulations associated with insulin secretion, hypoxia response, cell polarity, and stress response. Relative proportions of these cells are influenced by age, sex, and diet. Network analysis identifies fatty acid metabolism and {beta}-cell physiology gene expression modules associated with the hyperglycemic-obese state. We identify subtype-specific expression of Pdyn and Fam151a as candidate regulators of genetic pathways associated with {beta}-cell function in obesity. In sum, this study uses a novel data integration method to explore how {beta}-cells respond to obesity and glycemic stress, helping to define the relationship between {beta}-cell heterogeneity and diabetes, and shedding light on novel genetic pathways with therapeutic potential.
BSN Exam Scheduling across Same Semester Courses-Improving Student Success: A Retrospective, Comparative, Descriptive Research Study

Abstract Exam administration is an important topic for nurse educators. One aspect is the scheduling of course exams across nursing courses in a semester. The purpose of this study was to explore exam scheduling for first semester nursing students. Exam scores from two cohorts were compared. The first cohort was administered exams for two courses on the same day, while the second cohort was administered exams for each course one week apart. Findings indicate students' exam performance improves significantly when exams are scheduled on different days.
WE‐G‐BRD‐03: Real‐Time Tumor Motion Tracking in Low Field Cine‐MR Images

Purpose: ViewRay's MRIdian system acquires cine-MR images during treatment, allowing for real-time visualization of the tumor without additional dose. We propose a novel method for tracking the tumor target on these cine-MR images in real-time. Methods: 9 patients with mobile abdominal tumors (3 stomach, 1 pancreas, 1 adrenal, 2 mesenteric, 2 peritoneal) were imaged on ViewRay (0.3T, open-bore; TrueFISP). Sagittal slice cine-MR images (3.5×3.5mm pixels) were acquired at 4 frames per second. A 25-second training period was used to collect 100 images during normal breathing. PCA was used to bin the images using the first 2 eigenvalues. Manual contouring of the target was performed on the first eigenimage. The mean eigenvalues in each bin were used to reconstruct 15 images, on which template matching was used to locate the target. A linear fit of the pixel locations was used to create the motion model. For each subsequently acquired image, the 2-component PCA model was inverted and the values plugged into the motion model to get the corresponding pixel location. Finally, this location and the user-drawn contour were used as the initialization for an active contouring algorithm to refine the edges of the tracked target. 100 images for each patient were manually contoured and used as the gold standard for comparison using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the modified Hausdorff distance (MHD). Results: The mean DSC is 0.87±0.09 and MHD is 2.6±0.9mm, which is less than the pixel size. The algorithm takes 100ms per image using Matlab, and is therefore more than fast enough for real-time use. Conclusion: We have developed a robust method for real-time tumor motion tracking in low-resolution, low-field cine-MR images. We foresee our method being used for automated gating and dosimetric measurement purposes with the ViewRay system.