cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing Presupposed Content

This paper presents three experimental studies investigating the processing of presupposed content. The first two experiments employ the German additive particle auch 'too', and the third uses English also. In experiment 1, participants were given a questionnaire containing biclausal, ambiguous sentences containing auch. The presupposition introduced by auch was only satisfied on one of the two readings, which corresponded to a syntactically dispreferred parse of the sentence. The prospect of having the auch presupposition satisfied made participants choose this syntactically dispreferred reading more frequently than in a control condition. Experiment 2 used the self-paced reading paradigm and compared the reading times on clauses containing auch, which differed in whether the presupposition of auch was satisfied or not. Participants read the clause more slowly when the presupposition was not satisfied. Experiment 3 followed up a number of issues that arose from experiment 2 and confirmed the results found there. These studies show that presuppositions play an important role in online sentence comprehension and affect the choice of syntactic analysis. Some theoretical implications of these findings for the semantic analysis of auch/also and dynamic accounts of presuppositions as well as for theories of semantic processing are discussed.
Superimposed Segmental Dermatomyositis

I read with great interest the paper by Takahashi et al.1 reporting on a child affected by juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The peculiarity of the case was the presence of erythema and violaceous papules following a Blaschko’s line over the posterior aspect of the right thigh. The authors speculate that such lesion is an expression of flagellate erythema. However, flagellate erythema of DM is transient, not infiltrated, typically occurs in multiple streaks on the trunk and does not follow Blaschko’s lines. I rather suggest herein that the reported case actually represents a remarkable example of superimposed segmental dermatomyositis. Two types of skin mosaicism are currently recognized with regard to monogenic skin disorders, i.e. type 1 (segments of heterozygous skin in the setting of nonmutant skin) and type 2 (segments of homozygous skin in the setting of heterozygous skin). Segmental manifestations can also be observed in many acquired polygenic skin disorders. In this case, the terms suggested as equivalents of type 1 and type 2 are “isolated” (segmental lesions as the sole manifestation of a dermatosis) and “superimposed” (segmental lesions coexisting with nonsegmental, otherwise typical manifestations of a dermatosis), respectively.2 Many polygenic skin disorders have been already shown to present, albeit very rarely, with a superimposed segmental manifestation. JDM has been recently included in the list3 after the publication of 3 cases featuring segmental calcinosis.4-6 The case by Takahashi et al. 1 is likely to represent the first reported one in which the segmental manifestation is represented by the pathognomonic findings of DM, i.e. Gottron’s sign and papules.
EXACTLY SOLVABLE SITE-DEPENDENT HUBBARD MODEL

Exact solutions for the eigenvalue problem of a Hubbard model with special site-dependent t and U parameters is derived using an infinite-dimensional algebraic approach based on the Bethe ansatz.
Assessment of a two-generation reproductive and fertility study of mercuric chloride in rats.

Abstract Effects of mercuric chloride (MC) on the reproductive performance of two successive generations of rats was evaluated. F0 rats were exposed to 0.0:0.0 (males:females), 0.50:0.75 (males:females), 1.00:1.50 (males:females) and 1.50:2.50 (males:females) mg/kg/day MC. Selected parental F1 males and females were exposed to the same doses received by their parents (F0). Significant differences resulting from exposure of the F0 generation to MC were found in implantation efficiency, fertility, live births and day 4 survival indices, litter size, and the body weight of F1 pups. However, the continued exposure of the F1 generation to MC did not affect fertility index or litter size, but did significantly affect implantation efficiency, live births and day 4 survival indices. In F0 males, body weight and weights of the kidneys, testes, epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly different, while in F1 males, body weight, kidney weight, brain weight, liver weight and the weights of the testes, prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly different. In F0 females, body weight and the weights of the kidneys, brain and liver were significantly different, while in F1, females, body weight, as well as the weights of the kidneys, liver, adrenals, uterus and ovaries were significantly different. These data showed that exposure to MC resulted in more adverse reproductive effects in the first generation and that these effects moderated in the second generation.
Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Cholescintigraphy has been used to diagnose postoperative bile leaks and obstructions after open cholecystectomy. This imaging technique has been found to be sensitive for detecting bile leaks that arise from cholecystectomy and defects in the filling and emptying of bile ducts. These observations can be applied to patients who are suspected of having bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cholescintigraphy can detect a variety of bile leaks including those arising from the gallbladder fossa, cystic duct, and the common bile duct. In addition, cholescintigraphy can be used for management of patients after stenting or bypass surgery, to assess bile flow and operative sites for any residual bile leaks. Postoperative bile duct obstructions can also be seen with cholescintigraphy. In this article we discuss a comprehensive postoperative strategy for the management and diagnosis of biliary defects after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholescintigraphy.
Relations between perfectionism and obsessive–compulsive symptoms: Examination of specificity among the dimensions

There is longstanding interest in a purported relation between perfectionism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), but many previous studies have either inconsistently measured one of the constructs or not accounted for shared distress variance. These two studies investigated whether different measures of perfectionism showed unique correlations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms after accounting for depression and the cognitive domain of responsibility/threat estimation, which both are related strongly to OCD. Contrary to previous research, results were that both measures of perfectionism evidenced significant unique correlations with OCD beyond variance contributed by the other predictors. Further, the strength of association was substantially greater than the (statistically significant) perfectionism-depression partial correlation. Conversely, content conceptualized as "adaptive" perfectionism showed no correlation with any obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but had a significant negative correlation with depression. Possible reasons for both convergence and discrepancy with previous research are discussed.
Managing Aboriginal Tourism in Hainan, China: Government Perspectives

Abstract Aboriginal tourism is a developing industry with both national and local implications. This paper provides an overview of the relationship between the state and aboriginal tourism by comparing five dichotomous measures. The types of governmental involvement in tourism are categorised from three perspectives: national, provincial and local. The investigation was undertaken in Hainan Island, China where aboriginal tourism among the Li people has become an important source of economic development. The findings suggest that although governments act as coordinators, planners and regulators in tourism development, tensions are raised when governments at different levels seek to ‘authenticate’ aboriginal culture and transform cultural experiences into a tourism product to be bought and sold. It is concluded that future aboriginal tourism planning should focus upon the issue of aboriginal control of tourism, cultural preservation and participation indecision-making processes.
Development and validation of a real-time SAFT-UT system for inservice inspection of LWRs

Abstract A three-year program is in progress at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to evolve the synthetic aperture focusing technique for ultrasonic testing (SAFT-UT) from the laboratory into the field for inspection of light water reactor components. This paper reports on the second year's activities and highlights work on a time variable gain amplifier, laboratory work to develop tandem SAFT (TSAFT), attempts at reducing processing time, envelope detection techniques, and field trips to Dresden and Vermont Yankee nuclear power plants.
Model of short-term regulation of calcium-ion concentration:

This paper describes a digital simulation model of the short-term regulation of the concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluids of the body. The model includes four major classes of systems: terminal, intermediary, distribution, and coordinat ing. The terminal systems are the intestines (pri marily uptake) and the kidney (primarily excretion). The intermediary systems consist of two bone compart ments, viz., solid bone containing stable calcium salts and "fluid" bone in which recently formed unstable calcium salts are in equilibrium with the fluid that surrounds them. The distribution system is the extra-cellular fluid consisting of blood plasma and fluid between the cells in the tissues. The coordinating system functions via three hormones, viz., one secreted by the parathyroid glands (para thormone, PTH), one from the thyroid gland (calcitonin), and one derived from vitamin D through activation processes by the skin, liver, and kidney (1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol). These four systems and...
Cope's rule in cryptodiran turtles: do the body sizes of extant species reflect a trend of phyletic size increase?

Cope's rule of phyletic size increase is questioned as a general pattern of body size evolution. Most studies of Cope's rule have examined trends in the paleontological record. However, neontological approaches are now possible due to the development of model-based comparative methods, as well as the availability of an abundance of phylogenetic data. I examined whether the phylogenetic distribution of body sizes in extant cryptodiran turtles is consistent with Cope's rule. To do this, I examined body size evolution in each of six major clades of cryptodiran turtles and also across the whole tree of cryptodirans (n ¼ 201 taxa). Extant cryptodiran turtles do not appear to follow Cope's rule, as no clade showed a significant phyletic body size trend. Previous analyses in other extant vertebrates have also found no evidence for phyletic size increase, which is in contrast to the paleontological data that support the rule in a number of extinct vertebrate taxa.
Inflammation: a novel mechanism for the transport of extracellular nucleotide-induced arachidonic acid by S100A8/A9 for transcellular metabolism

Extracellular nucleotides cause neutrophil degranulation by activating the purinergic receptor subtype P2Y. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the signal pathway remains unknown. A hypothetical scheme suggesting that leukotriene(s) and leukotriene receptor(s) activation is required for extracellular nucleotide-mediated neutrophil degranulation is presented here. Subsequent to the extracellular nucleotide binding to its receptors, intracellular arachidonic acid (AA) levels are elevated. Although AA is a known substrate of the lipoxygenase pathway mediated by 5-lipoxygenase, excess AA could form a complex with S100A8/A9 for transport to the extracellular milieu. Extracellular availability of the S100A8/A9+AA complex could potentially be used for transcellular metabolism by resting and/or activated leukocytes (PMN, MN), vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells at the inflammatory foci. Once imported into the resting and/or activated leukocytes, AA derived from the S100A8/A9+AA complex could serve as a substrate in the 5-lipoxygenase-mediated leukotriene pathway. Essentially, in addition to extracellular nucleotide-induced leukotrienes, AA derived from the S100A8/A9+AA complex could also be utilized for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as leukotriene B(4)(LTB(4)), which in turn could trigger leukocyte degranulation, as well as cellular damage to vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells, thereby exacerbating inflammation.
The response of propellants to plasma radiation

Experiments have been done in which standard and research propellants were exposed to the visible and infrared light from a high-energy plasma discharge. Measurements of mass lost by the sample, analysis of the infrared spectra of evolved gases, and optical microscopy have been used to characterize the response. In addition, the response for graphite-free JA2 conditioned to hot and cold temperatures has shown that the magnitude of the response for this material is stronger for hot samples. Overall, the samples show strong response when the light can penetrate farther into the samples; the response is limited to a thin layer at the surface for composite propellants.
Celecoxib inhibits Ewing sarcoma cell migration via actin modulation.

Abstract Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive childhood solid tumor in which 30% of cases are metastatic at presentation, and subsequently carry a poor prognosis. We have previously shown that treatment with celecoxib significantly reduces invasion and metastasis of ES cells in a cyclooxygenase-2-independent fashion. Celecoxib is known to downregulate β-catenin independently of cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, the actin cytoskeleton is known to play an important role in tumor micrometastasis. We hypothesized that celecoxib's antimetastatic effect in ES acts via modulation of one of these two targets. Methods ES cells were treated with celecoxib, and the levels of β-catenin and total actin were examined by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting β-catenin, and invasion assays were performed. Immunofluorescence staining for β-catenin and F-actin was performed on treated and untreated cells. Additionally, cells were subjected to a wound healing assay to assess migration. Results Celecoxib had no effect on the messenger RNA or protein levels of β-catenin but did significantly decrease the amount of total actin within ES cells. Reduction of β-catenin by small interfering RNA had no effect on invasion, and celecoxib treatment of the β-catenin depleted cells continued to inhibit invasion. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated no change in β-catenin with treatment but did show a significant reduction in the amount of F-actin, as well as morphologic changes of the cells. Wound healing assays demonstrated that celecoxib significantly inhibited migration. Conclusions Celecoxib does not exert its antimetastatic effects in ES through alteration of β-catenin but does significantly modulate the actin cytoskeleton.
Ontology-based exchange of product data semantics

An increasing trend toward product development in a collaborative environment has resulted in the use of various software tools to enhance the product design. This requires a meaningful representation and exchange of product data semantics across different application domains. This paper proposes an ontology-based framework to enable such semantic interoperability. A standards-based approach is used to develop a Product Semantic Representation Language (PSRL). Formal description logic (DAML+OIL) is used to encode the PSRL. Mathematical logic and corresponding reasoning is used to determine semantic equivalences between an application ontology and the PSRL. The semantic equivalence matrix enables resolution of ambiguities created due to differences in syntaxes and meanings associated with terminologies in different application domains. Successful semantic interoperability will form the basis of seamless communication and thereby enable better integration of product development systems. Note to Practitioners-Semantic interoperability of product information refers to automating the exchange of meaning associated with the data, among information resources throughout the product development. This research is motivated by the problems in enabling such semantic interoperability. First, product information is formalized into an explicit, extensible, and comprehensive product semantics representation language (PSRL). The PSRL is open and based on standard W3C constructs. Next, in order to enable semantic translation, the paper describes a procedure to semi-automatically determine mappings between exactly equivalent concepts across representations of the interacting applications. The paper demonstrates that this approach to translation is feasible, but it has not yet been implemented commercially. Current limitations and the directions for further research are discussed. Future research addresses the determination of semantic similarities (not exact equivalences) between the interacting information resources.
Analysis of gate dielectrics for SiC power UMOSFETS

It has been shown theoretically that the specific on-resistance of the drift region of SiC FETs is about 200 times lower than that of silicon FETs with the same breakdown voltage. However, it has been reported that the blocking performance of the UMOSFET is limited by the breakdown of the gate dielectric and not by avalanche breakdown in SiC. The analysis indicates that this is because the electric fields in the SiO/sub 2/, gate dielectric exceed the dielectric breakdown field strength when high voltages are being blocked by the UMOSFET, well before the electric fields in the SiC are high enough to cause avalanche breakdown in the semiconductor. This paper analyzes the impact of replacing SiO/sub 2/, with high dielectric constant gate insulators to solve this problem.
A mouse model for an erythropoietin-deficiency anemia

In mammals, the production of red blood cells is tightly regulated by the growth factor erythropoietin (EPO). Mice lacking a functional Epo gene are embryonic lethal, and studying erythropoiesis in EPO-deficient adult animals has therefore been limited. In order to obtain a preclinical model for an EPO-deficient anemia, we developed a mouse in which Epo can be silenced by Cre recombinase. After induction of Cre activity, Epo(KO/flox) mice experience a significant reduction of serum EPO levels and consequently develop a chronic, normocytic and normochromic anemia. Furthermore, compared with wild-type mice, Epo expression in Epo(KO/flox) mice is dramatically reduced in the kidney, and expression of a well-known target gene of EPO signaling, Bcl2l1, is reduced in the bone marrow. These observations are similar to the clinical display of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, during stress-induced erythropoiesis these mice display the same recovery rate as their heterozygous counterparts. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this model can serve as a valuable preclinical model for the anemia of EPO deficiency, as well as a tool for the study of stress-induced erythropoiesis during limiting conditions of EPO.
Design and Experimental Validation of Radiation Hardened by Design SRAM Cells

The design and electrical characterization of a total ionizing dose hardened by a design static random access memory (SRAM) cell using annular layout and guard rings are presented. Since foundry SRAM cells can be validated during process development and manufacturing ramp but radiation hardening by design cells cannot, we use a specialized test structure to validate the cell design here. Stability, manufacturability, and hardness are experimentally investigated using a 4 kbit SRAM structure, fabricated on one version of the foundry 90 nm process. The structure, combined with a novel test and simulation based extraction procedure, allows direct measurement of the as-fabricated cell electrical characteristics. Variation of the SRAM switching points due to irradiation as well as the individual transistor threshold voltage variability is measured in the SRAM array test structure. Irradiation tests show negligible impact on switching voltage and increase in the standby current less than 1.5% after 2 Mrad(Si). The effects on the cell margins are also analyzed. The specific SRAM cell layout, which uses a very low aspect ratio, is intended to minimize multibit upset of horizontally adjacent cells. This impact is also discussed with measured heavy ion results.
Corruption and socially optimal entry

Abstract The paper investigates the effects of corruption in the entry-certifying process on market structure and social welfare for a Cournot industry with linear demand and costs. To gain entry, a firm must pay a bribe-maximizing official a fixed percentage of anticipated profit, in addition to the usual set-up cost. This would lead to a monopoly, but only in markets without pre-existing or shadow-economy firms. A benevolent social planner may preempt the harmful effects of corruption by either manipulating the number of pre-existing firms in the market, or by setting up two independent (corrupt) licensing authorities. A socially optimal number of firms in the market may be reached by choosing the right number of pre-existing firms or by having exactly two licensing authorities. These mechanisms may be seen as restoring second-best efficiency in settings characterized by two major sources of distortion: Imperfect competition and corruption. We also show in an extension that the basic insights carry over in a qualitative sense to a model with quadratic costs and first best entry regulation.
Dispersive pulse dynamics and associated pulse velocity measures

The classical theory of dispersive signal propagation by Sommerfeld and Brillouin proposed in 1914 provided the first proof within the classical Maxwell–Lorentz theory that an electromagnetic signal could not propagate faster than the vacuum speed of light in a causal dielectric, also introducing the signal velocity and the precursor fields (or forerunners). Modern asymptotic theory has extended these results, providing a physically meaningful definition of the signal velocity while showing the critical role that the precursor fields play in the observed pulse dynamics. Their role in defining the observed pulse velocity is presented and compared with the classical group velocity as well as with other pulse velocity measures that yield superluminal results.
The Interactional Production of a Clinical Fact in a Case of Autism

The authority to diagnose is a distinguishing prerogative of modern medicine. While a growing body of research addresses various aspects of diagnosis, few studies analyze just how it is achieved through talk-in-interaction. This paper examines how clinicians assembled a diagnosis of a child who was evaluated for autism. Drawing on audio and video recordings at a clinic for developmental disabilities, I use a combination of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to show how a critical fact about the child’s mental functioning was formulated, challenged, and transformed across three consecutive stages of his evaluation: (1) testing, (2) a case conference among clinicians, and (3) an informing interview where the diagnosis was delivered to the parents. I analyze how this fact emerged as an outcome of clinician-child interactions, and how clinicians used storytelling to render its diagnostic implications. In addition to examining how these stories are methodically produced, I argue that they frame the child’s behavior in ways that suggest a lack of competence while eliding the skills and competencies he may have been displaying.
Supporting classroom discussion with technology: A case study in environmental science

This paper describes the fruits of a partnership between two academic departments: offerings of environmental science and resource management courses technologically enhanced with a classroom interaction system developed in the computer science department. The system allowed the instructors to adopt a style of teaching - by engaging the vast majority of students during lecture - that would have been difficult without the electronic support. The main contributions of this work lie in the novel techniques and teaching philosophy used in creating materials, especially in-class student activities, to take advantage of the system's capabilities, and in the new usage model employed in these courses. Specifically, emphasis was placed upon using the system to encourage all students to directly participate in classroom discussions; in previous deployments it was used to support other pedagogical goals. Feedback data confirms that we were successful in devising classroom activities to engage students, create an atmosphere of participation, and accomplish some additional pedagogical goals of the instructors. In this paper, we describe the technology and pedagogy used in the courses, and evaluate the courses based upon the body of collected data, including in-class observation notes, digital ink artifacts created by students and instructors, instructor analyses, and student surveys.
Cell Migration and Invadopodia Formation Require a Membrane-binding Domain of CARMIL2

CARMILs regulate capping protein (CP), a critical determinant of actin assembly and actin-based cell motility. Vertebrates have three conserved CARMIL genes with distinct functions. In migrating cells, CARMIL2 is important for cell polarity, lamellipodial assembly, ruffling, and macropinocytosis. In cells, CARMIL2 localizes with a distinctive dual pattern to vimentin intermediate filaments and to membranes at leading edges and macropinosomes. The mechanism by which CARMIL2 localizes to membranes has not been defined. Here, we report that CARMIL2 has a conserved membrane-binding domain composed of basic and hydrophobic residues, which is necessary and sufficient for membrane localization, based on expression studies in cells and on direct binding of purified protein to lipids. Most important, we find that the membrane-binding domain is necessary for CARMIL2 to function in cells, based on rescue expression with a set of biochemically defined mutants. CARMIL1 and CARMIL3 contain similar membrane-binding domains, based on sequence analysis and on experiments, but other CPI motif proteins, such as CD2AP, do not. Based on these results, we propose a model in which the membrane-binding domain of CARMIL2 tethers this multidomain protein to the membrane, where it links dynamic vimentin filaments with regulation of actin assembly via CP.
Predicting Ponding Under Moving Irigation Systems

The purpose of this paper is to present a modified form of the Mein and Larson equation, illustrate how the equation parameters can be evaluated for field situations, and present some example calculations of time surface ponding under center pivot irrigation systems in field conditions.
Evaluation of the Patient with Suspected Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction

The causes of jaundice are diverse, are often difficult to identify using clinical criteria alone, and usually require specific therapy for resolution. The diagnostic evaluation should be expeditious but not precipitous. The causes may be characterized as hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive (intrahepatic and extrahepatic).
Why asymmetric rules of procedure make it impossible to calculate a rationally warranted standard of proof

Intervencio a carrec de Larry Laudan sobre l'impossibilitat de calcular un estandard racionalment justificat de la prova dels fets
Unorthodox bubbles when boiling in cold water

High-speed movies are taken when bubbles grow at gold surfaces heated spotwise with a near-infrared laser beam heating water below the boiling point (60--70 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) with heating powers spanning the range from very low to so high that water fails to rewet the surface after bubbles detach. Roughly half the bubbles are conventional: They grow symmetrically through evaporation until buoyancy lifts them away. Others have unorthodox shapes and appear to contribute disproportionately to heat transfer efficiency: mushroom cloud shapes, violently explosive bubbles, and cavitation events, probably stimulated by a combination of superheating, convection, turbulence, and surface dewetting during the initial bubble growth. Moreover, bubbles often follow one another in complex sequences, often beginning with an unorthodox bubble that stirs the water, followed by several conventional bubbles. This large dataset is analyzed and discussed with emphasis on how explosive phenomena such as cavitation induce discrepancies from classical expectations about boiling.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Toughening Mechanisms in Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Various physical phenomena are involved in the fracture process of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Although pullout of the fiber has been the most intensively investigated parameter in studying the micromechanics of these materials, other mechanisms could be dominant, depending on the nature of the loading and the fiber orientations. Pullout tests were conducted on isolated fibers embedded in a mortar matrix with different orientations to the direction of loading. The specimens were loaded in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and on an optical table with instrumentation for Laser holographic interferometry (HI). The relative contribution of the various mechanisms, such as: fiber debonding and pullout, mortar crushing, friction at comers, and plastic energy dissipation on the fibers were evaluated. When the specimens were tested in the SEM, it was observed that compressive failure with crushing of the mortar is an important physical phenomenon, in addition to plastic bending of the fiber. HI studies also indicated the crushing of mortar prior to interface debonding. The relative amounts of energy dissipated by the various mechanisms were evaluated using experimental observations and analytical approximations. The importance of the different mechanisms at progressive stages of fiber pullout was estimated.
Exploring L1 and L2 Writing Development through Collocations: A Corpus-based Look

This chapter explores how English first and second language elementary students (ages 8 to 12) writing in English, use 3-word lexical bundles in various writing tasks (for example, expository, narrative, and taking a position). Lexical bundles are sequences of words that are empirically identified through the use of a computer program, rather than a researcher thinking up phrases or groups of words that are noticeable in discourse and then searching for those sequences. In other words, the bundles emerge from the corpus rather than from the researcher as a starting point, in contrast to most phraseological studies (Moon, 1998). Because the bundles are identified computationally and not by the human eye, these bundles are not always complete structural units, for example: take a look at, can I have a (Biber et al., 1999b). In this chapter, I use the lexical bundles found in student writing to explore writing development across three grade levels of elementary students and also the influence of first language on the use of lexical bundles.
The expression of dendritic cells and effects of bacillus Calmette-Guérin in asthma mice model

Objective To explore the expression of dendritic cells(DC)and effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)intervention in asthma mice model.Methods Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin(OVA)by abdominal injection and inhalation to establish the asthmatic model,and BCG by hypodermic injection to establish treatment model.The percentages of DC,the expressions of costimulatory molecule CD80 and CD86 of spleen mononuclear were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of DC of lung was detected by immunohistochemical method.The levels of interluckine-6(IL-6)and interluckine-12(IL-12)of broncholveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected by ELISA.Results In asthmatic,BCG treatment and control groups,the percentages of DC of spleen mononuclear were(16.18 ± 9.49)%,(8.62 ± 3.53)% and(1.84 ± 0.69)% respectively.The difference between each group was statistical significant(P 0.01).The expressions of DC of lung were(1 581 ± 177)/mm,(668 ± 101)/mm and(268 ± 29)/mm in asthmatic,BCG treatment and control group(P 0.01).The expressions of CD80 were(6.4 ± 3.3)%,(10.8 ± 3.1)% and(7.1 ± 4.0)% in the asthmatic,BCG treatment and control groups.There was a significantly difference between BCG treatment group and asthmatic group(P 0.05).However,there was no difference between asthmatic group and control group(P 0.05).The expressions of CD86 were(9.6 ± 2.9)%,(7.3 ± 4.5)% and(4.9 ± 4.4)% in asthmatic,BCG treatment and control groups(P 0.05).The IL-6 levels of BALF were(28.65 ± 2.39)pg/ml,(18.63 ± 1.88)pg/ml and(12.80 ± 2.98)pg/ml in asthmatic group,BCG treatment group and control group(P 0.05).The IL-12 levels of BALF were(4.78 ± 0.22)pg/ml,(6.33 ± 0.31)pg/ml and(7.38 ± 0.28)pg/ml in asthmatic,BCG treatment and control groups(P 0.05).Conclusions The expressions of DC obviously increase in airway and peripheral cycle,and it takes part in the development of asthma.BCG can intervene airway inflammation by regulating of DC,CD80,CD86 and IL-6,IL-12 expression.
Critical value of the generalized stress intensity factor for a crack perpendicular to an interface

When a crack tip impinges upon a bi-material interface, the order of the stress singularity will be equal to, less than or greater than one-half. The generalized stress intensity factors have alrea...
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features Accounts for More Than Half of "Carcinomas" Harboring RAS Mutations.

Background: Molecular testing of thyroid nodules is increasingly being utilized to guide clinical management decisions. RAS mutations are the most frequent mutations detected in the context of an indeterminate fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis. The term “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” (NIFTP) was recently introduced to promote conservative management of tumors previously classified as noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). This change in terminology was based on the indolent clinical behavior of these tumors and their molecular profile, which includes frequent RAS mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of RAS-mutant “carcinomas” that would now be classified as NIFTPs. Methods: A search was performed for cases with known activating RAS mutations in a database of 199 thyroid carcinomas that underwent molecular characterization as part of Profile:Oncopanel between July 2013 and July 2015. Cases of FV...
Prevalence of Unanticipated Events Associated With MRI Examinations: A Benchmark for MRI Quality, Safety, and Patient Experience.

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence of unanticipated events (UE) associated with MRI examinations in a multicenter academic radiology department. Methods UE reported by MRI technologists for examinations performed between June 2013 and November 2014 on 17 scanners in a university- and community-affiliated single health system were retrospectively reviewed. Events were categorized into the following categories: (1) problems with orders and scheduling; (2) scan delays; (3) unanticipated foreign bodies; (4) non-contrast-related patient events (eg, patient motion, discomfort, claustrophobia, need for sedation); (5) contrast-related patient events; and (6) technical acquisition issues. Logistic regression analysis of UE was performed after adjusting based on scanner site (university- vs community-affiliated hospital), hospital setting (outpatient [OP] vs mixed outpatient and inpatient [OP/IP]), and timing of the scan (business days vs weekends/holidays). Results A total of 34,587 MRI examinations were assessed (87% university-affiliated; 58% OP) with 5775 (16.7%) UE (1.9% of patients had more than one category event). Rates of UE for each category were as follows: 1.9% orders and scheduling, 3.3% delays in scan, 0.5% foreign bodies, 10.4% non-contrast-related patient events, 1.3% contrast-related patient events, and 1.5% technical issues. After adjustment for location of scanner, clinical setting, and timing of the scan, the rate of overall UE was significantly higher in university-affiliated sites (coefficient, 0.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.10]; P P P Conclusions UE associated with MRI examinations are common (16.7%), with the majority being patient-related issues unrelated to contrast administration.
Community health programs and services for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture prevention: A population health perspective

AbstractOsteoporosis is a global public health concern. Healthcare resources needed to treat and manage osteoporosis are becoming scarcer as its prevalence increases, calling for the need to prevent the disease in population health. The individual health approach toward preventing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures is not as impactful in improving population health as community health programs and services, which have been shown to be effective in screening for osteoporosis and in increasing calcium intake and weight-bearing physical activity needed to prevent the disease. Community health leaders should focus on the big picture and form collaborate partnerships of community health programs and services in order to prevent osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures worldwide.
Synthesis of heterocycles from arylacetonitriles: Powerful tools for medicinal chemists

Abstract Arylacetonitriles are versatile building blocks for the construction of heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. These intermediates are able to engage in a variety of synthetic transformations, giving rise to diverse biologically active structures. This digest focuses on recent applications of this synthetic methodology by drug discovery teams across several disease areas, with an emphasis on different reaction types.
Investigation of transfer learning for ASR using LF-MMI trained neural networks

It is common in applications of ASR to have a large amount of data out-of-domain to the test data and a smaller amount of in-domain data similar to the test data. In this paper, we investigate different ways to utilize this out-of-domain data to improve ASR models based on Lattice-free MMI (LF-MMI). In particular, we experiment with multi-task training using a network with shared hidden layers; and we try various ways of adapting previously trained models to a new domain. Both types of methods are effective in reducing the WER versus in-domain models, with the jointly trained models generally giving more improvement.
Research on lightning stroke model and characteristics of intelligent transformer

In order to improve the reliability of power supply, it is necessary to study the intelligent transformer of the key equipment in the smart substation. Firstly, the transformer model based on the magnetic coupling mechanism is given according to the magnetic coupling characteristics of the transformer. Then, considering the static coupling characteristics of the transformer under high frequency conditions, an improved transformer model based on wide frequency mechanism is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by comparing the simulation data with the actual measured data for an actual object.
Serotonin is an endogenous regulator of intestinal CYP1A1 via AhR

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a nuclear receptor that controls xenobiotic detoxification via induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and regulates immune responses in the intestine. Metabolites of L-tryptophan activate AhR, which confers protection against intestinal inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT) is an endogenous activator of AhR in intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment of Caco-2 monolayers with 5-HT induced CYP1A1 mRNA in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and also stimulated CYP1A1 activity. CYP1A1 induction by 5-HT was dependent upon uptake via serotonin transporter (SERT). Antagonism of AhR and knockdown of AhR and its binding partner aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) attenuated CYP1A1 induction by 5-HT. Activation of AhR was evident by its nuclear translocation after 5-HT treatment and by induction of an AhR-responsive luciferase reporter. In vivo studies showed a dramatic decrease in CYP1A1 expression and other AhR target genes in SERT KO ileal mucosa by microarray analysis. These results suggest that intracellular accumulation of 5-HT via SERT induces CYP1A1 expression via AhR in intestinal epithelial cells, and SERT deficiency in vivo impairs activation of AhR. Our studies provide a novel link between the serotonergic and AhR pathways which has implications in xenobiotic metabolism and intestinal inflammation.
Darstellung und Präparation des dritten und vierten Duodenalabschnitts

Der 3. Abschnitt des Duodenums verlauft hinter den oberen Mesenterialgefasen und dem Querkolon. Der direkte Zugang ist daher sehr kompliziert und gefahrvoll. Die Auslosung der rechten Kolonflexur und des Mesenteriums des oberen Dunndarms vom Retroperitoneum ermoglicht die Vorlagerung des rechten Kolons und des Dunndarms. Hierdurch ist das Duodenum in seinem Querverlauf freigelegt und direkt zugangig.
Delay Differential Equation Models of Normal and Diseased Electrocardiograms

Time series analysis with nonlinear delay differential equations (DDEs) is a powerful tool since it reveals spectral as well as nonlinear properties of the underlying dynamical system. Here global DDE models are used to analyze electrocardiography recordings (ECGs) in order to capture distinguishing features for different heart conditions such as normal heart beat, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. To capture distinguishing features of the different data types the number of terms and delays in the model as well as the order of nonlinearity of the DDE model have to be selected. The DDE structure selection is done in a supervised way by selecting the DDE that best separates different data types. We analyzed 24 h of data from 15 young healthy subjects in normal sinus rhythm (NSR) of 15 congestive heart failure (CHF) patients as well as of 15 subjects suffering from atrial fibrillation (AF) selected from the Physionet database. For the analysis presented here we used 5 min non-overlapping data windows on the raw data without any artifact removal. For classification performance we used the Cohen Kappa coefficient computed directly from the confusion matrix. The overall classification performance of the three groups was around 72–99 % on the 5 min windows for the different approaches. For 2 h data windows the classification for all three groups was above \(95\,\%\).
Abstract WP47: Quantitative Analysis of Hemorrhage and Infarct Volume for Predicting Outcome in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Background and purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and venous infarction are known complications that independently predict poor outcome in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)...
Holographic Rényi Entropy at High Energy Density.

We show that Renyi entropies of subregions can be used to distinguish when the entire system is in a microcanonical ensemble from when it is in a canonical ensemble, at least in theories holographically dual to gravity. Simple expressions are provided for these Renyi entropies in a particular thermodynamic limit with high energy density and fixed fractional size of the subregion. Holographically, the Renyi entropies are determined by the areas of cosmic branes inserted into the bulk spacetime. They differ between a microcanonical and a canonical ensemble because the two ensembles provide different boundary conditions for the gravitational theory under which cosmic branes lead to different backreacted geometries. This is in contrast to the von Neumann entropy which is more coarse-grained and does not differentiate microcanonical ensembles from canonical ensembles.
The impact of game day on crime on a university police department: application of the civilizing process to sport-related law enforcement.

Sport has been associated with antisocial behavior and increases in crime on game days in and around sports venues. College sport in the United States is especially linked with an increase in alcoh...
Adaptive fault-tolerant scheduling strategies for mobile cloud computing

Mobile cloud computing is a form of cloud computing that incorporates mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs into the cloud infrastructure. As mobile devices are resource-constrained in nature, new scheduling strategies are required when using them as resource providers. Based on our previous group-based scheduling algorithm, we present fault-tolerant scheduling algorithms considering checkpoint and replication mechanisms to actively cope with faults. We carried out the performance evaluation with simulation to demonstrate that our algorithm is more efficient than the existing one lacking fault tolerance in terms of accuracy rate, resource consumption, and average execution time. In particular, the average execution time was reduced by about 60%, resulting in the reduction of resource consumption.
Combining Wireless Technology and Behavioral Economics to Engage Patients (WiBEEP) with cardiometabolic disease: a pilot study

The long-term management of cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, is complex and can be facilitated by supporting patient-directed behavioral changes. The concurrent application of wireless technology and personalized text messages (PTMs) based on behavioral economics in managing cardiometabolic diseases, although promising, has not been studied. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the concurrent application of wireless home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (as an example of “automated hovering”) and PTMs (as an example of “nudging”) targeting pharmacotherapy and lifestyle habits in patients with cardiometabolic disease (type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension). The Wireless Technology and Behavioral Economics to Engage Patients (WiBEEP) with cardiometabolic disease study was a single-arm, open-label, 7-week-long pilot study in 12 patients (mean age 58.5 years) with access to a mobile phone. The study took place at Tufts Medical Center (Boston, MA) between March and September 2017. All patients received PTMs; nine patients received wireless home BP monitoring. At baseline, patients completed questionnaires to learn about their health goals and to assess medication adherence; at the end of week 7, all patients completed questionnaires to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and assess medication adherence. Hemoglobin A1c was ascertained from data collected during routine clinical care in 7 patients with available data. The majority of patients reported the text messages to be easy to understand (88%) and appropriate in frequency (71%) and language (88%). All patients reported BP monitoring to be useful. Mean arterial pressure was lower at the end-of-study compared to baseline (− 3.4 mmHg [95% CI, − 5 to − 1.8]. Mean change in hemoglobin A1c was − 0.31% [95% CI, − 0.56 to − 0.06]. Among patients with cardiometabolic disease, the combination of wireless BP monitoring and lifestyle-focused text messaging was feasible and acceptable. Larger studies will determine the long-term effectiveness of such an approach.