cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PubTator: a web-based text mining tool for assisting biocuration

Manually curating knowledge from biomedical literature into structured databases is highly expensive and time-consuming, making it difficult to keep pace with the rapid growth of the literature. There is therefore a pressing need to assist biocuration with automated text mining tools. Here, we describe PubTator, a web-based system for assisting biocuration. PubTator is different from the few existing tools by featuring a PubMed-like interface, which many biocurators find familiar, and being equipped with multiple challenge-winning text mining algorithms to ensure the quality of its automatic results. Through a formal evaluation with two external user groups, PubTator was shown to be capable of improving both the efficiency and accuracy of manual curation. PubTator is publicly available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Lu/Demo/PubTator/.
Comparison between two techniques for endometrial swab culture and between biopsy and culture in barren mares

The endometria of 77 barren mares was swabbed simultaneously using a swab guarded with a single cannula and distal, gelatin capsule (completely guarded swab - CGS) and a partially guarded swab (PGS) with an open cannula. Sheep blood (5%) agar plates were inoculated with each swab, while MacConkey's agar plates were inoculated with the swabs from 44 mares. The presence of bacterial or fungal growth was determined after 24 and 48 hours of aerobic incubation at 37 C. Organisms present were identified, counted, and categorized as saprophytic or pathogenic flora. The endometria of all mares were biopsied immediately following swabbing. Histologic evidence of inflammation in biopsy specimens was classified as (1) none, (2) slight, discrete, focal, and (3) slight or moderate, diffuse, widespread infiltration of inflammatory cells. The number of inflammatory cells migrating through the luminal epithelium was counted and averaged. There were significantly fewer CGS than PGS cultures that yielded growth at 24 and 48 hours of incubation after being streaked on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. There were fewer pathogenic bacterial or fungal colonies present at 48 hours of incubation on blood agar plates after being streaked with CGS as compared to PGS. There were no differences in the number of pathogenic bacterial or fungal colonies present at 24 hours of incubation on blood agar or at 24 and 48 hours of incubation on MacConkey's agar plates. There was no correlation between CGS or PGS culture of pathogens and severity of histologic inflammation. There was a positive correlation between culture of pathogens and number of inflammatory cells migrating through the luminal epithelium.
The influence of positive mood on different aspects of cognitive control

Some evidence suggests that positive mood influences cognitive control. The current research investigated whether positive mood has differential effects on two aspects of cognitive control, working memory and prepotent response inhibition. In Study 1, following either a positive or neutral mood induction, participants completed the Running Memory Span (RMS), a measure primarily of working memory storage capacity, and the Stroop task, a measure of prepotent response inhibition. Results were that the positive mood group performed worse on the RMS task but not on the Stroop task. In Study 2, participants completed the RMS and another measure of prepotent response inhibition, the Flanker task. Results were that when in a positive mood state participants performed worse on the RMS but not on the Flanker task. Overall, this research suggests that positive mood has differential effects on cognitive control, impairing working memory but having no effect on prepotent response inhibition.
Electron-phonon matrix elements in n-type silicon

Abstract Absolute magnitudes of the electron-phonon matrix elements which dominate optical mode scattering in n-type Si are determined from low temperature radiative recombination intensities. The results are consistent with Long's analysis of Si mobility data.
On a General Parameterization for Inverse Analysis of Heat Deposition Processes

A general parameterization for inverse analysis of heat deposition processes using incomplete or minimal experimental data is presented. This parameterization is considered general in the sense that it can be applied, in principle, to the inverse analysis of a wide range of different types of heat deposition processes, including welding. The structure of this parameterization follows from the concepts of model and data spaces that imply the existence of an optimal parametric representation for a given class of inverse problems. Accordingly, the corresponding optimal parametric representation lies in the model space and is determined by the characteristics of the available data sets spanning the data space and the nature of the data sampling for purposes of parameter determination via appropriate optimization techniques. The elements of the proof presented here provide an elucidation of certain aspects of inverse heat-deposition analysis that are important for practical application.
Efficacy of ceftriaxone in treatment of serious childhood infections

1. Bradsher RW, Ulmer WC: B-Lactam antibiotic susceptibility 9. of bacteria responsible for neonatal meningitis. (In press.) 2. Bradsher RW: Ceftriaxone (RO 13-9904) therapy of serious infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22:36, 1982. 3. Steele RW, Eyre LB, Bradsher RW, Weinfeld RE, Patel IH, 10. Spicehandler J: Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in pediatric patients with meningitis. (In press.) 4. Del Rio M, McCracken GH Jr, Nelson JD, Chrane D, 11. Shelton S: Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone in the treatment of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Che12. mother 22:622, 1982. 5. Gavan TL, Barry AL: Microdilution test procedures. In Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausler WJ Jr, Truant JP, editors: Manual for clinical microbiology. Washington, D.C., 1980, 13. American Society for Microbiology, p 459. 6. Patel IH, Chen S, Parsonnet M, Hackman MR, Brooks MA, Konikoff J, Kaplan SA: Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone m humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 20:634, 1981. Schaad UB, McCracken GH, Loock CA, Thomas ML: Pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, Cefoperazone, and rocephin in experimental bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 143:156, 1981. Sande MA: Antibiotic therapy of bacterial meningitis: Lessons we've learned. Am J Med 71:507, 1981. McCracken GH Jr, Mize SG: A controlled study of intrathecal antibiotic therapy in gram-negative enteric meningitis of infancy. Report of the Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study Group. J PEDIATR 89:66, 1976. Eickhoff TC, Ehret J: Comparative in vitro studies of RO 13-9904, a new cephalosporin derivative. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 19:435, 1981. Gnann JW Jr, Goetter WE, Elliott AM, Cobbs CG: Ceftriaxone: In vitro studies and clinical evaluation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22:1, 1982. Shelton S, Nelson JD, McCracken GH Jr: In vitro susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli from pediatric patients to moxalactam, cefotaxime, RO 13-9904, and other cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 13:476, 1980. Kaiser AB, McGee ZA: Aminoglycoside therapy for gramnegative bacillary meningitis. N Engl J Med 293:1215, 1975.
Atomic Physics of the 12-µm and Related Lines

The 12 µm emission lines were unexpectedly detected about a decade ago. Great progress has been made in understanding the atomic physics underlying these high-l Rydberg transitions in Mg I and other atoms. In a magnetic field, their Land g factor is shown to be unity. At disk center, the shift of the absorption trough relative to the emission peak is demonstrated to be due to the quadratic Stark Effect, permitting measurement of the photospheric electric field strengths. Other related lines of Mg I require accurate atomic fine structure data to interpret properly their complex line profiles. Related lines are found in the ATMOS spectra for C I, Na I, Al I, Si I, Ca I, and Fe I, in addition to H I.
Influence of Initial Riboflavin Content on Retention in Pasta During Photodegradation and Cooking

Samples of enriched pasta were stored under controlled lighting conditions and the loss of riboflavin was determined. After an initial rapid degradation, the riboflavin level continued to decrease slowly. After 12 wk, more than 80% the riboflavin had degraded. When pasta samples- with varied levels of riboflavin enrichment were exposed to light for 2 days, riboflavin losses ranged from 57.8–64.3%. Riboflavin leaching from pasta during cooking was also shown to be concentration independent with 34.5–37.6% of the riboflavin solubilized in the cooking water. Riboflavin in pasta which had been exposed to light for 2 days prior to cooking had a similar percentage of the undegraded riboflavin leached into the cooking water.
The use of therapeutics in adolescence.

Virtually every youngster will use a prescribed, overthe-counter (OTC) and/or illicit drug during their teenage years. The dose, response, and side effects of these medications when taken by teenagers may be very different from those noted in childhood and adulthood. Even among different teenagers, a wide range of doses are required. In this special issue, some of the factors that are known to influence the dose-response relationship are reviewed. More importantly, some of the special factors that must be considered in caring for adolescent patients are highlighted. A summary of the factors that can influence drug response in an individual patient is shown in Figure 1. All of the factors may play a role in drug response in any age group. However, during adolescence some of these factors assume greater importance. Several of these factors are psychological, i.e., those that influence compliance. Other factors are physiologic, i.e., those that come about because of the changes in body composition and organ function that accompany pubertal development. Others are environmental, i.e., diet, exercise, use of other drugs and substances, or special circumstances such as pregnancy and concomitant illness that alter drug effectiveness or drug response. The goal of this review is to highlight what is known about the interaction of drugs and patients.
A simplified method for estimating the monthly-average performance of photovoltaic systems

Abstract A method is presented for estimating the monthly-average conventional energy displaced by photovoltaic systems. Monthly-average array efficiency is estimated in terms of array parameters and monthly-average meteorological data. Monthly-average excess capacity is estimated for systems having a constant load during daylight hours. If the system does not have battery storage, excess capacity must be dissipated or fed back to the utility. With battery storage, a portion of the excess capacity can be stored for later use. A method is presented for estimating the monthly-average system performance for a constant 24 hr-per-day load with a battery of specified capacity.
Tumors of the kidney

Abstract The difficulties of the various problems of renal neoplasms are discussed. Embryonal tumors of childhood are touched upon. Rare parenchymal tumors are mentioned by name only. Most frequently encountered parenchymal tumors (“hypernephroma” and adenocarcinoma) are discussed with minimal pathologic consideration, and at some length clinically from point of view of symptoms, diagnosis, treatment (operation and irradiation), prognosis, and our own experiences (including blunders) with thirty patients. Tumors of the renal pelvis are discussed in a similar manner with relatively more emphasis on our own findings in five patients.
Parinaud'S Conjunctivitis

An eye infection presenting all the characteristics of Parinaud's conjunctivitis in which the Leptothrix of Verhoeff was successfully demonstrated seems to establish this disease as a definite clinical entity. It appears well established that the mode of infection of the patient was from caring for a pet cat which had developed lesions of the paws, face, and eyes following the devouring of ground squirrels in the mountains of Southern California. Tests of the patient were negative for tularemia and tuberculosis. Excision of the main infected follicle together with the use of electro-desiccation and silver nitrate is an adequate treatment and in this instance prophylactic against gland suppuration. The technic for demonstrating the Leptotriches is extremely delicate and follows the outline of Lemoine9 in which is used the modified Gram stain of Verhoeff.
Estimating baseline values of the variable of intervention in a clinical trial.

Abstract Parametric empirical Bayes methodology is suggested for determining estimators of individual baseline values of the variable of intervention in a clinical trial, when the variable is measured twice—once for subject selection, and again, without selection, just before randomization. The resulting compromise estimator is seen to have more precision than the baseline estimator employing only the second value and less bias than the estimator that simply averages the two values. Construction of such an estimator is illustrated using data from the recruitment phase of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. Generalizations to other designs are also suggested. In all cases, however, an estimate of the intraindividual variance of the variable of intervention is required.
Demonstration of locomotion with the powered prosthesis AMPRO utilizing online optimization-based control

This demonstration presents an unimpaired subject walking with a custom built self-contained powered transfemoral prosthesis: AMPRO, which is controlled by a novel nonlinear real-time optimization based controller. To achieve the behaviors that will be demonstrated, controllers that have been successfully implemented on bipedal walking robots are translated to the prosthesis with the goal of achieving natural human-like walking while minimizing power consumption. To achieve this goal, we begin by collecting reference human locomotion data via Inertial measurement Units (IMUs). This data forms the basis for an optimization problem that generates virtual constraints for the prosthesis that provably yields walking in simulation. Utilizing methods that have proven successful in generating stable robotic locomotion, control Lyapunov function (CLF) based Quadratic Programs (QPs) are utilized to optimally track the resulting desired trajectories. The parameterization of the trajectories is determined through a combination of on-board sensing on the prosthesis together with IMU data, thereby coupling the actions of the user with the controller. Finally, impedance control is integrated into the QP yielding an optimization based control law that displays remarkable tracking and robustness, outperforming traditional PD and impedance control strategies.
Configuration mixing in 90Zr and the lifetime of the excited O+ state

Abstract Inclusion of p 3 2 core excitation in 90Zr removes the previous factor-of-6 discrepancy between measured and calculated lifetime for decay of the first excited 0+ state.
Efficient KRT14 Targeting and Functional Characterization of Transplanted Human Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

Inherited skin blistering conditions collectively named epidermolysis bullosa (EB) cause significant morbidity and mortality due to the compromise of the skin's barrier function, the pain of blisters, inflammation, and in some cases scaring and cancer. The simplex form of EB is usually caused by dominantly inherited mutations in KRT5 or KRT14. These mutations result in the production of proteins with dominant-negative activity that disrupt polymerization of intermediate filaments in the basal keratinocyte layer and result in a weak epidermal–dermal junction. The genome of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors can recombine with chromosomal sequence so that mutations can be corrected, or production of proteins with dominant-negative activity can be disrupted. We demonstrate a clinically feasible strategy for efficient targeting of the KRT14 gene in normal and EB-affected human keratinocytes. Using a gene-targeting vector with promoter trap design, targeted alteration of one allele of KRT14 occurred in 100% of transduced cells and transduction frequencies ranged from 0.1 to 0.6% of total cells. EBS patient keratinocytes with precise modifications of the mutant allele are preferentially recovered from targeted cell populations. Single epidermal stem cell clones produced histologically normal skin grafts after transplantation to athymic mice and could generate a sufficient number of cells to transplant the entire skin surface of an individual.
The Farewell in Medieval French Poetry

(1953). The Farewell in Medieval French Poetry. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 333-348.
Susceptibility and Detoxifying Enzyme Activity in Two Spider Mite Species (Acari: Tetranychidae) After Selection with Three Insecticides

Changes in the susceptibility and detoxifying enzyme activity were measured in laboratory strains of Banks grass mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), and twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, that were repeatedly exposed to three insecticides. Three strains of each mite species were exposed to one of two pyrethroids, bifenthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, or an organophosphate, dimethoate, for 10 selection cycles at the LC60 for each insecticide. A reference or nonselected strain of each mite species was not exposed to insecticides. After 10 cycles of exposure, susceptibility to the corresponding insecticides, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and dimethoate, decreased 4.5-, 5.9-, and 289.2-fold, respectively, relative to the reference strain in the respective O. pratensis strains, and 14.8-, 5.7-, and 104.7-fold, respectively, relative to the reference strain in the respective T. urticae strains. In the bifenthrin-exposed O. pratensis strain, there was a 88.9-fold cross-resistance to dimethoate. In the dimethoate-exposed T. urticae strain, there was a 15.9-fold cross-resistance to bifenthrin. These results suggest that there may be cross-resistance between dimethoate and bifenthrin. The reduced susceptibility to dimethoate remained stable for three months in the absence of selection pressure in both mites. The decrease in susceptibility in the O. pratensis strains exposed to bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and dimethoate was associated with a 4.7-, 3.0-, and 3.6-fold increase in general esterase activity, respectively. The decrease in susceptibility in the T. urticae strains exposed to bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was associated with a 1.3- and 1.1-fold increase in general esterase activity, respectively. The mean general esterase activity was significantly higher in the pyrethroid-exposed O. pratensis and T. urticae strains than in the nonselected strain. There was no significant increase in esterase activity in the dimethoate-exposed T. urticae strain. The decrease in susceptibility to insecticides was also associated with reduced glutathione S-transferase 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene conjugation activity, but this did not appear to be related to changes in insecticide susceptibility. These results suggest that in these mites, the general esterases may play a role in conferring resistance to pyrethroids. However, some other untested mechanism, such as target site insensitivity, must be involved in conferring dimethoate resistance.
Phase relationships in Nb - 18.7 a/o Si in-situ composite

This study will identify the crystallographic orientation relationships between the niobium and silicide phases in the cast, the cast and extruded, and the directionally solidified (DS) materials. Habit plane relationships will be experimentally identified and compared with atom site models of the crystallographic planes.
Resource description and access: cataloging standards affect reference service

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship between cataloging data and reference service and the importance of including reference librarians, in general resource description and access (RDA) training. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review and the author’s experiences related to implementing RDA are presented with minimal cataloging jargon to help librarians better understand the effects of cataloging standards on reference service. Findings – There is a noticeable lack of research and training related to RDA for audiences beyond technical services. More research is needed to determine how users are interacting with the catalog, how bibliographic data is supporting their discovery and access, what, if any, obstacles reference librarians encounter as a result of RDA and how future iterations of RDA may open bibliographic data to communities beyond the library. Originality/value – This paper is one the few that discuss how RDA may affect reference service. It will be useful for providing librarians with a general understanding of the relationship between cataloging and reference and may serve as a starting point for further research.
Prostaglandin H synthase-2-catalyzed oxygenation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol is more sensitive to peroxide tone than oxygenation of arachidonic acid

The endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is a selective substrate for the inducible isoform of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), PGHS-2. Its turnover leads to the formation of glyceryl esters of prostaglandins (PG-Gs), a subset of which elicits agonism at unique, as yet unidentified, receptors. The kcat/Km values for oxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) and 2-AG by PGHS-2 are very similar, but the sensitivities of the two substrates to peroxide-dependent activation have not been compared. 15-Hydroperoxy derivatives of AA and 2-AG were found to be comparable in their ability to serve as substrates for the peroxidase activities of PGHS-2, PGHS-1, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). They also were comparable in the activation of AA oxygenation by cyanide-inhibited PGHS-2. However, oxygenation of 2-AG was significantly suppressed relative to AA by the presence of GPx and GSH. Furthermore, 2-AG oxygenation by peroxidase-deficient H388YmPGHS-2 was much less efficient than AA oxygenation. Wild-type rates of 2-AG oxygenation were restored by treatment of H388YmPGHS-2 with hydroperoxide derivatives of AA or 2-AG. RNAi silencing of phospholipid hydroperoxide-specific GPx (GPx4) in NIH/3T3 cells led to increases in cellular peroxidation and in the levels of the isoprostane product, 8-epi-PGF2α. GPx4 silencing led to 2–4-fold increases in PG-G formation but no change in PG formation. Thus, cellular peroxide tone may be an important determinant of the extent of endocannabinoid oxygenation by PGHS-2.
Simple, applied text parsing

Text parsing for use in linguistic or artificial intelligence research can often be ill-suited for use in other lines of investigation in which simple, problem-specific parsing techniques may be used. This paper describes the development of a simple text parser for use in a specific research setting. The resulting parsing programs are compact enough for easy use on most available m inland microcomputers, while still providing adequate results for some applications such as chunking text into small units for later presentation.
Child Life Interns' Contributions to Pediatric Care in a Community Hospital.

Abstract The major purpose of this study was to focus on the interaction patterns of child life interns, nurses, parents, and other attending adults with hospitalized children. Time-sampled records of specified child-adult activities combined with anecdotal records of children's activities and interactions were gathered over a two-week period. Results were analyzed quantitatively using checklist data. Qualitative data analyses were conducted to validate the accuracy of the quantitative findings. Results suggested that the child life interns were functioning as facilitators and models of social interaction with hospitalized children. However, based on the present findings, it was noted that more attention should be given to sensitizing child life interns to the importance of involving parents in socially stimulating play activities with their children. Additionally, results supported the notion of involving child life interns in volunteer preparation.
The Impact of Cooperative Education on Academic Performance and Compensation of Engineering Majors

Several engineering programs around the country either require or encourage a cooperative education experience as part of their curriculum. In this paper, we examine the effects of cooperative education on grade point average, length of time in school, and starting salary. Statistical analyses show that cooperative education programs have significant effects on all three dimensions. These results are useful not only to students deciding whether to participate in cooperative education programs, but also to administrators in determining the role of cooperative education in the engineering curriculum.
Recent eruptions of Mount Adams, Washington Cascades, USA

The postglacial eruption rate for the Mount Adams volcanic field is ∼0.1 km3/k.y., four to seven times smaller than the average rate for the past 520 k.y. Ten vents have been active since the last main deglaciation ∼15 ka. Seven high flank vents (at 2100–2600 m) and the central summit vent of the 3742-m stratocone produced varied andesites, and two peripheral vents (at 2100 and 1200 m) produced mildly alkalic basalt. Eruptive ages of most of these units are bracketed with respect to regional tephra layers from Mount Mazama and Mount St. Helens. The basaltic lavas and scoria cones north and south of Mount Adams and a 13-km-long andesitic lava flow on its east flank are of early postglacial age. The three most extensive andesitic lava-flow complexes were emplaced in the mid-Holocene (7–4 ka). Ages of three smaller Holocene andesite units are less well constrained. A phreatomagmatic ejecta cone and associated andesite lavas that together cap the summit may be of latest Pleistocene age, but a thin layer of mid-Holocene tephra appears to have erupted there as well. An alpine-meadow section on the southeast flank contains 24 locally derived Holocene andesitic ash layers intercalated with several silicic tephras from Mazama and St. Helens. Microprobe analyses of phenocrysts from the ash layers and postglacial lavas suggest a few correlations and refine some age constraints. Approximately 6 ka, a 0.07-km3 debris avalanche from the southwest face of Mount Adams generated a clay-rich debris flow that devastated >30 km2 south of the volcano. A gravitationally metastable 2-to 3-km3 reservoir of hydrothermally altered fragmental andesite remains on the ice-capped summit and, towering 3 km above the surrounding lowlands, represents a greater hazard than an eruptive recurrence in the style of the last 15 k.y.
Estimating Water Depths from Analysis of Barrier Island and Deltaic Sedimentary Sequences

A model is proposed for estimating water depths from thicknesses of pro-grading coarsening-upward barrier island and deltaic sequences. The prograding barrier sequence consists of a basal lower shoreface mudstone overlain by middle shoreface interbedded mudstone and sandstone, capped by a sandstone complex of beach-upper shoreface and coastal dune. Sea level coincides with the base of accretionary cross-stratified foreshore beach sandstone. Sediment thickness from this sea-level datum to the base of the lower shoreface mudstone is the same as water depth into which the barriers prograded. The prograding deltaic sequence consists of a basal pro-delta claystone overlain by delta-front interbedded sandstone and mudstone, capped by delta-plain sandstones and other facies in which sea level can be recognized. Sediment thickness from the sea-level datum to the base of the pro-delta claystones is the same as the water depth into which the deltas prograded. Constraints on the model are compaction, subsidence, and transgressions, but these are not a difficulty, provided the method is applied with care. Preliminary data indicates approximate water depths of 2.5 to 12.1 m for Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous barriers, 10 to 24 m for Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous cratonic deltas, and 31 to 89 m for Carboniferous basinal deltas.
Uncertainty and stress in an R&D project environment

R&D project managers work in an environment in which the uncertainty and complexity of engineering development problems are an important source of episodic job stress. A study of the US. Navy's top major project R&D managers (N = 118) was conducted to test the use of various coping skills and social support as preventive stress management techniques for this population. It was found that perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) had a direct, positive effect on psychological distress of these project managers while social support had a therapeutic effect on their experience of burnout. While problem focussed coping had a small, positive effect on burnout, neither coping skills nor social support were found to have a primary prevention effect upon perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU). Engineering managers engaged in high technology R&D are confronted by a wide range of uncertainties, risks and changing demands that give rise to the stress response with its attendant physiological and psychological changes (Asterita, 1985). Adams (1980) has argued that an episodic versus chronic dichotomy of stressors is valuable because it distinguishes between intermittent stressors of finite duration (episodic) and ongoing stressors of indeterminant duration (chronic). This article reports the results of a study of uncertainty as an episodic work stressor for the U.S. Navy's high technology R&D project managers. The results suggest that R&D project managers should develop social support systems and structures to maintain well-being and avert distress and strain.
Wife Battering and Violence Outside the Family

The current survey of 2,291 males (nationally representative) questioned respondents about their violence toward their wives and their violent behavior toward individuals who were not in their families. The resulting data suggested that the vast majority of violent males specialized in their choice of victims; that is, they chose to assault only wives or nonfamily members, but not both. Only 10% of the violent males reported assaulting both wives and nonfamily individuals. Finally, it was noted that individuals who assault outside of the family were more likely to be employed in blue-collar jobs than either nonviolent individuals or individuals who only assault within the family.
Triazolam as a discriminative stimulus in humans.

Abstract Seven healthy normal male and female volunteers (19–42 years) were trained to discriminate between the benzodiazepine triazolam (0.32 mg/70 kg; e.g. drug A) and placebo (e.g. drug B). During the first four daily sessions, drug A and drug B were administered orally in capsules 60 min prior to the session on alternate days and subjects were informed of the drug label at the time of drug administration. Subsequently, drug A and drug B were administered in a randomized-block fashion and subjects identified the drug code they thought they received. Subjects were informed of the drug code post-session. Once the criterion for discrimination was met (i.e. correct drug code identification on four consecutive sessions), the dose-effect curve for triazolam (0.1-0.75 mg/70 kg) was determined. The discrimination was acquired in all subjects; triazolam (0.32 mg/70 kg) and placebo produced approximately 85–95% correct responding. During the dose-effect curve determination, triazolam produced dose-related increases in triazolam-appropriate responding and self-reported sedation and drug strength. These results indicate that a triazolam-placebo discrimination can be acquired and that the triazolam discriminative stimulus effect is related to dose and to self-reported sedation.
Improved Capabilities for Area Environmental Monitoring at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Recent increased concern for environmental safety hazards resulting from releases of radioactivity and other hazardous materials have necessitated the installation of improved monitoring instruments and methods at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Over the past several years a number of important instrument projects have been initiated to improve plant monitoring systems (both inside the Laboratory and in adjacent East Tennessee areas) and to enhance operational capabilities for detecting releases of hazardous and/or radioactive materials. These measures will significantly modernize and increase the number of monitoring stations measuring activity levels in (1) plant effluent gases, (2) plant effluent liquid wastes, and (3) local streams and rivers. Monitoring instruments within the operating buildings of the Laboratory are being upgraded, and three instrumented meteorological towers are in service to provide information for calculating deposition patterns over surrounding areas. Advanced, on-line central data collection system, supply continuous information for programmable alarm-level circuits, for display at remote terminals throughout ORNL, and for scientific long-term data base purposes. When these improvements are completed in about two years, the number of environmentally derived signals will significantly exceed 750 monitored values.
Interleukin-18, Interferon-γ, IP-10, and Mig Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Infectious Mononucleosis and Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease

T cell immunodeficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) by permitting the unbridled expansion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B lymphocytes. However, factors other than T cell function may contribute to PTLD pathogenesis because PTLD infrequently develops even in the context of severe T cell immunodeficiency, and athymic mice that are T-cell-immunodeficient can reject EBV-immortalized cells. Here we report that PTLD tissues express significantly lower levels of IL-18, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Mig, and RANTES compared to lymphoid tissues diagnosed with acute EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis, as assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Other cytokines and chemokines are expressed at similar levels. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that PTLD tissues contain less IL-18 and Mig protein than tissues with infectious mononucleosis. IL-18, primarily a monocyte product, promotes the secretion of IFN-γ, which stimulates Mig and RANTES expression. Both IL-18 and Mig display antitumor activity in mice involving inhibition of angiogenesis. These results document greater expression of IL-18, IFN-γ, Mig, and RANTES in lymphoid tissues with acute EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis compared to tissues with PTLD and raise the possibility that these mediators participate in critical host responses to EBV infection.
Realization in Arts and Sciences

Abstract The author considers whether embracing the liberal arts might best succeed under guidance from administrators who are themselves accomplished across a wide range of the humanities and the natural sciences.
Absorption of microwaves in superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and field-cooling effects

Measurements of magnetic-field-dependent microwave absorption as a function of both the temperature (4 K to Tc) and cooling field (0–10 kG) are reported. Below a certain characteristic temperature, T* < Tc, the absorption strongly depends on the magnetic field in which the samples are cooled. The characteristic temperature T* scales with Tc.
Impact of medical complications on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective: Medical complications occur frequently after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Their impact on outcome remains poorly defined. Design: Inception cohort study. Patients: Five-hundred eighty patients enrolled in the Columbia University SAH Outcomes Project between July 1996 and May 2002. Setting: Neurologic intensive care unit. Interventions: Patients were treated according to standard management protocols. Measurements and Main Results: Poor outcome was defined as death or severe disability (modified Rankin score, 4–6) at 3 months. We calculated the frequency of medical complications according to prespecified criteria and evaluated their impact on outcome, using forward stepwise multiple logistic regression after adjusting for known predictors of poor outcome. Thirty-eight% had a poor outcome; mortality was 21%. The most frequent complications were temperature >38.3°C (54%), followed by anemia treated with transfusion (36%), hyperglycemia >11.1 mmol/L (30%), treated hypertension (>160 mm Hg systolic; 27%), hypernatremia >150 mmol/L (22%), pneumonia (20%), hypotension ( Conclusions: Fever, anemia, and hyperglycemia affect 30% to 54% of patients with SAH and are significantly associated with mortality and poor functional outcome. Critical care strategies directed at maintaining normothermia, normoglycemia, and prevention of anemia may improve outcome after SAH. LEARNING OBJECTIVES On completion of this article, the reader should be able to: LEARNING OBJECTIVES Dr. Connolly has disclosed that he is/was the recipient of direct grant/research funds from the National Institutes of Health. The remaining authors have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with or interests in any commercial companies pertaining to the educational activity. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Wolters Kluwer has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding the educational activity. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Visit the Critical Care Medicine Web site (www.ccmjournal.org) for information on obtaining continuing medical education credit.
J-B-T-&#949; interaction and strain limits in A15, B1, and C15 crystal structure superconductors

Experimental evidence is presented which indicates, that the elastic strain effect on the critical current of high-field compound superconductors correlates strongly with the type of superconductor crystal structure. Large strain effects are observed in all practical A15 superconductors examined to date, including Nb 3 Sn, Nb-Hf/Sn-Ga, Nb 3 Ge, Nb 3 Al, and V 3 Ga. Strain is observed to have no measurable effect, however, on either the critical current or the critical field of superconductors having the B1 crystal structure [NbN] or the C15 crystal structure [V 2 (Hf, Zr)]. Strain limits placed on the mechanical design of superconducting devices are evaluated as a function of magnetic field for several A15 superconductors (Nb 3 Sn, Nb-Hf/Cu-Sn-Ga, and V 3 Ga) and compared with the strain limits imposed by B1 and C15 superconductors. It is shown that the latter materials have mechanical design advantage in applications where the superconductor is subjected to strain in excess of 0.2% (either compressive or tensile).
ENTAILMENT AND RELEVANCE

Those who object to the identification of strict implication and entail-ment speak in such a way that for A to entail B, A must be relevant to B. This view of entailment agrees not only with that of the naive student of logic (who tends to think the phrase paradoxes of “implication” more accurate than “paradoxes” of implication), but also with that expressed in the initial chapters of many textbooks in logic under the heading “Fallacies of Relevance.”2In regard to formal theories proposed as explications of the notion of entailment, it becomes important to have at our disposal some formal account of the demand for relevance as between antecedent and consequent of an entailment.
Increased microvascular density predicts relapse in Wilms' tumor.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Tumor stage and histology are the most important prognostic criteria in Wilms' tumors; however, a subset of patients remains who have favorable histology tumors and unexpectedly relapse. The authors postulated that increased microvascular density (MVD), a hallmark for angiogenesis, could identify patients at risk for relapse. Methods: A case-control study was used to compare relapse (n = 15) with nonrelapse tumors (n = 35). Tumor MVD was counted in 5 random high-powered fields (hpf) using anti-Factor VIII antibody and expressed as mean vessel count/hpf +/− SEM. MVD and clinical data were evaluated using univariate analysis and student's t test. Results: The relapse group had higher MVD than the nonrelapse group (34.9 +/− 2.9 v 22.4 +/− 2; P v 19 +/− 1.8; P Conclusions: These results suggest that increased MVD can identify Wilms' tumor patients at high risk for relapse, especially those patients with favorable histology tumors. A larger study is warranted to determine the potential utility of MVD in stratification of Wilms' tumor patients. J Pediatr Surg 38:325-330. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Eigenmode Analysis and Reduced-Order Modeling of Unsteady Transonic Potential Flow Around Airfoils

An eigenmode analysis and reduced-order models of the unsteady transonic aerodynamic e ow around isolated airfoilsarepresented.Theunsteadye owismodeledusingthetime-linearizedfrequency-domainunsteadytransonic full potential equation. The full potential was discretized in space using a e nite element method. The resulting equations are linear in the unknown velocity potential and quadratic in the reduced frequency of excitation. The dominant eigenfrequencies and corresponding mode shapes of the discretized potential model are computed, and theeffect ofdifferent parametersthat determinethesteady and unsteady e owe eld (e.g.,thefar-e eld Mach number, theangleofattack,and theairfoilshape )areinvestigated.Anormalmodeanalysisanda staticcorrectiontechnique are then used to construct a low degree-of-freedom, reduced-order model of the unsteady e owe eld. Depending on the range of frequencies of interest, a relatively small number of eigenmodes are required. An alternative reducedorder modeling technique based on Arnoldi ‐Ritz vectors is also presented. For the case where the structural excitations are known a priori, the latter method is more efe cient. Using the aerodynamic reduced-order models, we construct aeroelastic reduced-order models and compute e utter boundaries for different airfoils at several different Mach numbers.
Chemical communication in the courtship of the small sulphur butterflyEurema lisa (lepidoptera, pieridae)

1. A receptiveEurema lisa female assumes a rigid posture and extends her abdomen out from between the hindwings in response to male courtship behavior. 2. Abdominal extension can be elicited from a virgin female in the laboratory by rubbing the antennae and thorax of a female with a live male restrained in forceps. An assay was developed using this response. 3. This behavioral assay showed that a male scent is required, in part, to elicit abdominal extension from virgin females. 4. The source of the scent is a patch of differentiated scales on the ventral surface of the base of the forewing. There are cells in the integument of the forewing which are in close association with the attachment points of these scales.
Unlocking Chain Exchange in Highly Amphiphilic Block Polymer Micellar Systems: Influence of Agitation.

Chain exchange between block polymer micelles in highly selective solvents, such as water, is well-known to be arrested under quiescent conditions, yet this work demonstrates that simple agitation methods can induce rapid chain exchange in these solvents. Aqueous solutions containing either pure poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) or pure poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide-d4) micelles were combined and then subjected to agitation by vortex mixing, concentric cylinder Couette flow, or nitrogen gas sparging. Subsequently, the extent of chain exchange between micelles was quantified using small angle neutron scattering. Rapid vortex mixing induced chain exchange within minutes, as evidenced by a monotonic decrease in scattered intensity, whereas Couette flow and sparging did not lead to measurable chain exchange over the examined time scale of hours. The linear kinetics with respect to agitation time suggested a surface-limited exchange process at the air–water interface. These findings demonstrate the strong inf...
Dialysis: Are prophylactic gentamicin catheter locks safe?

Several randomized clinical trials with short-term follow-up have shown that patients on hemodialysis with prophylactic antibiotic catheter locks have reduced catheter-related bacteremia. However, the long-term safety of such locks remains a subject of ongoing debate. Landry et al. now report that prophylactic gentamicin catheter locks can promote the emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteremia during long-term use.
Pattern Recognition Using The Ring-Wedge Detector And Neural-Network Software

In pattern recognition and in optical metrology, optical transform systems have been widely applied. Their use is particularly appropriate when the object is detailed and the recognition depends upon features that can be coarsely sampled in the transform space. Now with the advent of neural-network software, it is shown that the major difficulty in applying this optoelectronic hybrid is overcome. Using the ring-wedge photodetector and neural-network software, we illustrate the classification technique using thumbprints. This is a problem of known difficulty to us. Instead of a 4 person-month effort to devise software for its solution, we find that a 4-hour effort is all that is required. Other experiments also discussed are the sorting of photographs of cats and dogs, particulate suspensions, and image quality of digital halftones. All of these are shown to be promising examples for the application of the ring-wedge detector and neural-network software.
Keynote lecture 5: “Cellular dynamism during force propagation revealed by live cell interferometry”

Cancer and many other diseases are characterized by changes in cell morphology, motion and mechanical rigidity. However, in live-cell-cytology stimulus-induced morphologic changes typically take 10–30 minutes to detect. Here, we employ live-cell-interferometry (LCI) to visualize the instantaneous response of a whole cell to mechanical stimulation, and we detect cytoskeletal remodeling behavior within 200 seconds. This behavior involved small, rapid changes in cell content and miniscule changes in shape, which would be difficult to detect with conventional or phase contrast microscopy alone, and is beyond the dynamic capability of AFM. We demonstrate that LCI provides a rapid, quantitative reconstruction of the cell body with no labeling that is highly complementary to traditional microscopy and flow cytometry, which require cell surface marker detection and/or destructive cell fixation for labeling.
Low-resistance polycrystalline GaAs grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy using CBr4

We report, for the first time, the growth and electrical properties of carbon-doped polycrystalline GaAs (poly-GaAs:C) by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) using carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4 ). The lowest resistivity of poly-GaAs : C grown at 420°C is 5 x 10 -3 Ω cm comparable to that of poly-GaAs: Be, but the hole concentration of poly-GaAs: C (8.4 x 10 20 cm -3 ) is much lower than that of poly-GaAs: Be (9.8 x 10 21 cm -3 ). The lower the growth temperature is, the higher the doping level. At the same doping level (5 x 10 19 -8 x 10 20 cm -3 ) and grain size (∼ 0.1 μm), we found that the resistivity of poly-GaAs: C grown at 0.56 μm/h is about one order of magnitude lower than that of poly-GaAs: Be grown at 0.1 μm/h. This is possibly due to a much lower trap density in the grain boundaries of poly-GaAs: C. These results strongly suggest that poly-GaAs: C is a suitable alternative to replace poly-GaAs: Be in a regrown heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) for improved high-frequency performance.