cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Effects in a Magnetron Rotating Direct-Current Arc Plasma with Graphite-Furnace Sample Introduction

The effects of the concomitant species Li, K, and Zn on analyte emission line intensities from a magnetron rotating direct-current are plasma are described. The arc plasma has the form of a radial current sheet which completely covers the end of the graphite anode. The sample vapor from a graphite furnace is forced to pass through the current sheet. The presence of an easily ionized element (EIE) does not significantly alter the sample/plasma interaction. Large increases in emission intensities from both neutral-atom and ion lines of the analyte are observed in the presence of K or Li. This is probably the result of increased electron density in the plasma tail flame. Concomitant species which are not easily ionized have a smaller effect on analyte emission intensities, and either intensity enhancement or suppression effects are observed. Significantly lower detection limits are obtained in the presence of an EIE.
Islam in Yugoslavia today

(1990). Islam in Yugoslavia today. Religion in Communist Lands: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 226-235.
Peroral biopsy of the intestinal mucosa in hepatic cirrhosis.

From observations, we conclude that in hepatic cirrhosis the duodenal and jejunal mucosa demonstrate the following profound alterations: (1) intense stasis, especially in the axis of the villus; (2) edema of the villus, with degeneration of the basement membrane and separation of the epithelium from the stroma; (3) degeneration of epithelium and stroma; (4) interstitial inflammation (small round-cell infiltration); (5) fibrous replacement of the stroma; (6) destruction of the walls of the vessels; and (7) dilatation of the crypts of Galeazzi-Lieberkuhn, with degeneration and atrophy of the cryptic epithelium and fibrosis. It is conceivable that these alterations taken together follow one another in the sequence described. The stasis of the intestinal mucosa might indeed result from portal stasis. This could be the fundamental cause of the alterations. Although this interpretation seems reasonable to us we cannot completely subscribe to it, because we have not excluded the possibility that the mucosa may have been damaged by the same factors that cause cirrhosis. Study of cases less advanced may clarify the mechanism of development of these lesions.
Residents’ interactions with and attachments to Retezat National Park, Romania: implications for environmental responsibility

Community residents’ attitudes, behaviours and emotional connections with adjacent natural areas are integral to the optimal management of those areas. Residents in communities proximal to Romanian protected areas have been described in various studies as passive, lacking environmental sensibility and ascribing responsibility for resource protection to authorities. Given little evidence supporting such assertions, this study examined the social and natural landscape interactions and connections of community residents neighbouring a Romanian national park and residents’ perceptions of attachment to the park. The relationship between park attachment and ascribed environmental responsibility was also analysed. Two block model regressions revealed that residents with longer duration of residence, who interacted more with friends and public officials, and those who hiked in the park, reported higher levels of park attachment. Park attachment, time spent in the community, female gender and level of education, p...
Visualization of Systems of Systems Simulations: Density Plots and Trajectory Storyboarding

In the many cases where there are no solvable closed-form solutions for the dynamics of Systems of Systems (SOS), stochastic simulation may be the only practical solution to gaining insight into the system's interactions, processes and outcomes. Gaining this insight often requires producing many instantiations of the simulation, which, depending of the variability of the simulation, may produce huge amounts of data. Statistical techniques exist for summarizing the range of outcomes and identifying and analyzing various model states of interest. Often however, visualization techniques provide a more effective tool in gaining insight in the scope and result of the dynamic processes and interactions. The authors describe and present the use of Density Plotting (DP) and Trajectory Storyboarding (TS), visualization techniques for potentially extracting insights from SOS models.
Catena -Poly[[Bis(α-Thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)Copper(II)]-μ-1,4-Di-4-Pyridyl-2,3-Diazabuta-1,3-Diene]

In the one-dimensional title polymer, [Cu(C8H4F3O2S)2(C12H10N4)]n or [Cu(L)2(tta)2] [tta is α-thenoyl­trifluoro­acetonato and L is 1,4-bis­(4-pyrid­yl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene], Cu2+ lies on a center of inversion. It is axially coordinated by two pyridyl N atoms from two different L ligands and equatorially coordinated by four O atoms from two chelating tta ligands. The ligand L propagates the one-dimensional chain structure by serving as a bridging ligand between two Cu octa­hedra via Cu—N coordinate bonds.
Emotion and the Law: A Framework for Inquiry

This paper draws on research in social and cognitive psychology to show how theories of judgment and decision making that incorporate decision makers' affective responses apply to legal contexts. It takes 2 widely used models of decision making, the rational actor and lens models, and illustrates their utility for understanding legal judgments by using them to interpret research findings on juror decision making, people's obedience to the law (e.g., paying taxes), and eyewitness memory. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages of modifying existing approaches to information processing to include the influence of affect on how legal actors reach judgments about law and legal process.
Effectiveness of the Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp fishery

Abstract The Nordmore grate is a by-catch excluder device that has been required in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis trawl fishery since April 1992. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine Northern shrimp fishery using data collected by fishery observers before and after the Nordmore grate was required. The percentage of by-catch (kg) in observed tows declined from nearly 50% before the Nordmore grate was required to about 15% after the Nordmore grate was required. The Nordmore grate significantly (P ≤ 0.001) reduced by-catch (kg/h) of eight of nine groundfish species examined and of two species groups (flatfish and roundfish). However, the magnitude of the reductions in the fishery was about 35% less than obtained in controlled experimental studies in the Gulf of Maine [Kenney, J.F., Blott, A.J., Nulk, V.E., 1992. Experiments with a Nordmore grate in the Gulf of Maine shrimp fishery. In: Proceedings of the Marine Technology Society Conference, pp. 328–335]. Catch rates of Northern shrimp (kg/h) increased using the Nordmore grate (+37%) possibly due to higher catch rates of large shrimp.
High cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin-10 attained by AAV in dogs

Intrathecal (IT) gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV) may be clinically promising as a treatment for chronic pain if it can produce sufficiently high levels of a transgene product in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although this strategy was developed in rodents, no studies investigating CSF levels of an analgesic or antiallodynic protein delivered by IT AAV have been performed in large animals. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiallodynic cytokine for which target therapeutic levels have been established in rats. The present study tested IT AAV8 encoding either human IL-10 (hIL-10) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in a dog model of IT drug delivery. AAV8/hIL-10 at a dose of 3.5 × 10(12) genome copies induced high hIL-10 levels in the CSF, exceeding the target concentration previously found to be antiallodynic in rodents by >1000-fold. AAV8/EGFP targeted the primary sensory and motor neurons and the meninges. hIL-10, a xenogeneic protein in dogs, induced anti-hIL-10 antibodies detectable in the CSF and serum of dogs. The high hIL-10 levels demonstrate the efficacy of AAV for delivery of secreted transgenes into the IT space of large animals, suggesting a strong case for further development toward clinical testing.
On biased link sampling in data-driven link estimation and routing in low-power wireless networks

The wireless network community has become increasingly aware of the benefits of data-driven link estimation and routing as compared with beacon-based approaches, but the issue of biased link sampling (BLS) has not been well studied even though it affects routing convergence in the presence of network and environment dynamics. Focusing on traffic-induced dynamics, we examine the open, unexplored question of how serious the BLS issue is and how to effectively address it when the routing metric ETX is used. For a wide range of traffic patterns and network topologies and using both node-oriented and network-wide analysis and experimentation, we discover that the optimal routing structure remains quite stable even though the properties of individual links and routes vary significantly as traffic pattern changes. In cases where the optimal routing structure does change, data-driven link estimation and routing is either guaranteed to converge to the optimal structure or empirically shown to converge to a close-to-optimal structure. These findings provide the foundation for addressing the BLS issue in the presence of traffic-induced dynamics and suggest approaches other than existing ones. These findings also demonstrate that it is possible to maintain an optimal, stable routing structure despite the fact that the properties of individual links and paths vary in response to network dynamics.
Involvement of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) in induction of apoptosis by vitamin E succinate in human breast cancer cells

The purpose of this study was to document induction of apoptosis by vitamin E succinate (VES; RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate) in human breast cancer cells in culture and to characterize potential c-jun involvement. VES at 18.8 microM (10 micrograms/mL) induced DNA synthesis arrest, reduced total cell numbers, and induced apoptosis in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. VES at 10 micrograms/mL induced apoptosis in greater than 60% of cells within 3 d of treatment. Apoptosis was documented by detection of fragmented or condensed nuclei in 4',6-diamindino-2-phenylindole-stained cells, detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeled DNA, and DNA laddering. Analyses of mRNA and protein levels of candidate molecules involved in apoptosis showed that MCF-7 cells treated with VES exhibited elevated and persistent expression of c-jun. MCF-7 cells stably transfected with a dominant-negative interfering mutant c-jun, TAM-67, and expressing high levels of mutant jun exhibited approximately 50% blockage of VES-mediated apoptosis. In addition to increased c-jun expression after VES treatment, VES-treated MCF-7 cells exhibited elevated activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding activity. Comparisons of AP-1 binding factors by super-shift analyses with jun-specific antibodies in cells sensitive to VES-induced apoptosis (empty-vector control 7-1 cells) and cells resistant to VES-induced apoptosis (TAM-67-containing TAM-9 cells) showed that the sensitive cells expressed c-jun and jun D and the resistant cells TAM-67 AP-1 binding proteins after VES treatment. These studies suggested that c-jun may be involved in the apoptotic process initiated by VES treatment of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF MIXTURES OF OVALBUMIN AND YEAST NUCLEIC ACID.

Electrophoretic patterns of mixtures of ovalbumin and yeast nucleic acid indicate that the constituents migrate independently of each other in buffer solutions of 0.1 ionic strength and at pH values somewhat higher than the isoelectric point of the protein. In the isoelectric region, however, the patterns from the two sides of the channel exhibit asymmetries that can be explained by assuming the existence in the mixture of appreciable concentrations of a reversibly dissociable complex between the components. Formation of this complex is favored by increasing concentrations of the components and decreasing ionic strength. At pH values below the isoelectric point partial precipitation of the complex occurs. The patterns obtained from each side of the channel in the electrophoresis of a mixture of two components, which form a dissociable complex, indicate only two boundaries, aside from the δ and e effects. One of these is a normal boundary whose displacement is proportional to the mobility of a component that has separated from the mixture. In the other boundary, however, dissociation of the complex occurs and consequently the displacement of this boundary corresponds to the mobility of neither component nor to that of the complex. Moreover, the areas under the refractive index gradient curves are not proportional to the stoichiometric concentrations of the components. However, equations are developed with the aid of which an electrophoretic analysis of the mixture is possible. This analysis requires the use of data from the patterns of both channels.
An easy-to-fabricate improved microinstrument for systematically investigating adhesion between MEMS sidewalls

Abstract Since many potential MEMS devices may involve contact between sidewalls, studying stiction between sidewalls can be critical to the commercial success of MEMS. However, to date, only a few microinstruments dedicated to investigate sidewall stiction have been reported and even they posses several limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we report on an improved microinstrument to study sidewall stiction, which not only addresses some of the limitations of other microinstruments but is also easy to fabricate. The design, fabrication and modeling of the microinstrument are described in the paper. The paper also reports the apparent work of adhesion of octadecyltrichloro-silane (OTS) coated sidewall surfaces as well as sidewall surfaces with only native oxide on them.
Differences between homologous alleles of olfactory receptor genes require the Polycomb Group protein Eed.

Anumber of mammalian genes are expressed from only one of the two homologous chromosomes, selected at random in each cell. These include genes subject to X-inactivation, olfactory receptor (OR) genes, and several classes of immune system genes. The means by which monoallelic expression is established are only beginning to be understood. Using a cytological assay, we show that the two homologous alleles of autosomal random monoallelic loci differ from each other in embryonic stem (ES) cells, before establishment of monoallelic expression. The Polycomb Group gene Eed is required to establish this distinctive behavior. In addition, we found that when Eed mutant ES cells are differentiated, they fail to establish asynchronous replication timing at OR loci. These results suggest a common mechanism for random monoallelic expression on autosomes and the X chromosome, and implicate Eed in establishing differences between homologous OR loci before and after differentiation.
Phase Effects in Cross-Modulation

CATV amplifiers can convert amplitude cross-modulation into phase cross-modulation. It has been generally assumed that this is desirable. A theory is developed and checked experimentally that shows that the fm deviations caused by the phase shifts are visible in television receivers. If the phase shift exhibits a rise time of about 100 ns or less, phase cross-modulation and amplitude cross-modulation are equally visible if the sidebands of the two modulation processes are equal for a 15 kHz squarewave. The visibility of the phase cross-modulation is rise-time dependent, showing a 12 dB decrease in visibility as the rise time is lengthened to about 300 ns.
Electronic health record donations by laboratories: Is legal necessarily ethical?

Megapath Laboratories* is offering some of its new and established dermatopathology clients a popular electronic health record (EHR) system with an advertised price of $50,000 per provider for 15% of its cost. Dr Jones and his associates currently send their biopsy specimens to a local academic medical center dermatopathology laboratory, University Dermpath.* However, they are being wooed with the EHR offer by Megapath and are seriously considering switching. The academic dermatopathology laboratory is part of a university health system that cannot match the offer.
The Fort Totten mercury pollution risk assessment: A case history

Operational activities have resulted in mercury in the sediments surrounding Little Bay in Queens, NY. This is adjacent to Fort Totten, a formerly used defense site. Some of the mercury levels in these sediments exceeded New York State screening values. A human health risk assessment was accomplished, based on conservative assumptions. The risk assessment examined the potential for adverse health effects from direct contact with and ingestion of contaminated sediments/surface water and ingestion of biota. Potential exposures to recreational receptors including adults and children were examined. The highest numerical risk results from finfish ingestion and then second for exposure from dermal contact to the sediments. The only exposure pathway showing a hazard quotient greater than unity is finfish ingestion for the child. In summary, overall risk to this mercury exposure is minimal in spite of the state screening value being exceeded.
Fictitious losses in the DCOPF with a piecewise linear approximation of losses

This paper examines the effect of fictitious or non-physical losses on optimal power flow solutions and LMPs. Fictitious losses are created when segments of piecewise linear functions used to approximate real power losses for a DCOPF problem are selected in the wrong order. The segments of a piecewise linear function may be improperly selected when non-positive LMPs occur. Creating fictitious losses at a bus with a negative LMP increases the LMP until it is either zero or until fictitious losses cannot be created any longer. This effect is rigorously examined in this paper, proven theoretically with duality theory and the KKT conditions and illustrated with a numerical example. A MILP formulation to correct for fictitious losses is also discussed.
Direct actinide assay with surface passivated silicon diodes

The determination of transuranic (TRU) content in nuclear wastes, reactor materials, process solutions, and various other matrices is required in support of material assessment, environmental restoration, and waste processing activities. We have found that direct measurement of TRU is possible using surface passivated ion implanted planar silicon diode detectors. The performance and durability of modern silicon diodes enables direct detection of alpha-particles, with retention of some spectral information, through small air gaps or under direct contact with liquid or solid samples. We will present results on the performance of silicon diode detectors for the determination of TRU in liquids.
Hydrogen states in silicon

Abstract The interactions between hydrogen and crystalline, amorphous and polycrystalline silicon are investigated from a theoretical and computational point of view. A comprehensive overview of various configurations is provided. Particular attention is devoted to structures that play an important role in amorphous and polycrystalline material, such as H inserted into Si–Si bonds, and H at dangling bonds. An examination of the dissociation mechanism of Si–H bonds suggests an explanation for the observed difference in stability between hydrogen and deuterium at dangling bonds. Finally, a new model to explain stretched exponential relaxation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented.
The Uneven Distribution of Market Solutions for Public Goods

Using national data on local government service delivery from 1992 and 1997, this article assesses the distribution of privatization and inter–municipal cooperation across localities in the metropo...
ABOUT STAGE UNIVERSALISM

Most four-dimensionalists, including both worm and stage theorists, endorse mereological universalism, the thesis that any class of objects has a fusion. But the marriage of four-dimensionalism and universalism is unfortunate and unprofitable: it creates a recalcitrant problem for stage theory's account of lingering properties, such as writing ‘War and Peace’ or travelling across the tennis court, which take time to be instantiated. This makes it necessary to impose a natural restriction on diachronic composition.
Characterization of Toronto virus capsid protein expressed in baculovirus.

Toronto virus (TV), previously called “minireovirus,” a human calicivirus classified as genogroup 2 and phylogenetic type P2-A, was originally described in association with diarrhea in children. The second open reading frame, encoding the capsid protein of TV24, was expressed in a baculovirus recombinant. The recombinant baculovirus produced a protein (rTV) with an apparent molecular mass of 58 kDa that self-assembled into virus-like particles ∼ 30 nm in diameter with a density of 1.29 g/ml. Antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of these particles were determined by protein immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme immunoassay. Seroconversion to the rTV protein was detected in 6 of 8 (75%) patients from a recent outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with a virus of similar phylogenetic type. These results confirm and extend the previous reports of the expression of the Norwalk and Mexico virus capsid proteins.
Ab initio studies of (H2O)20H+ and (H2O)21H+ prismic, fused cubic and dodecahedral clusters: can H3O+ ion remain in cage cavity?

Abstract The MP2/6-31G ∗ //HF/6-31G ∗ level study on (H 2 O) 20 H + clusters suggests that the edge-shared prismic structure is more stable than a fused cubic or a dodecahedral cluster by ∼7 and 22 kcal/mol, respectively. Only the dodecahedral cavity is large enough to enclose an H 3 O + ion, and the hydronium ion originally placed in cavity either moves as a whole or loses its H + ion to the surface during optimization and forms species like H 5 O 2 + , H 7 O 3 + and H 9 O 4 + ions on the surface. Based on HOH angular distortions and associated energy requirements we postulate that the edge-shared prismic or fused cubic clusters are not likely to form.
Mutants of GAL4 protein altered in an activation function

Activating region I of GAL4 has been defined as a region 48 amino acids long which, when attached to GAL4's DNA-binding domain, activates transcription in yeast. Here we describe mutants bearing changes in and around this highly acidic activating region. We find mutations that increase the activation function invariably increase the acidity of the region and some but not all of the mutations that decrease the activation function decrease the acidity of the region.
Oral health status and the epidemiologic paradox within latino immigrant groups

According to the United States census, there are 28 categories that define “Hispanic/Latinos.” This paper compares differences in oral health status between Mexican immigrants and other Latino immigrant groups. Derived from a community-based sample (N=240) in Los Angeles, this cross-sectional study uses an interview covering demographic and behavioral measures, and an intraoral examination using NIDCR epidemiologic criteria. Descriptive, bivariate analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine the determinants that are associated with the Oral Health Status Index (OHSI). Mexican immigrants had a significantly higher OHSI (p<.05) compared to other Latinos. The multilinear regression showed that both age and gender (p<.05), percentage of untreated decayed teeth (p<.001), number of replaced missing teeth (p<.001), and attachment loss (p<.001) were significant. Compared with the other Latino immigrants in our sample, Mexican immigrants have significantly better oral health status. This confirms the epidemiologic paradox previously found in comparisons of Mexicans with whites and African Americans. In this case of oral health status the paradox also occurs between Mexicans and other Latinos. Therefore, when conducting oral health studies of Latinos, more consideration needs to be given to differences within Latino subgroups, such as their country of origin and their unique ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Coupling Interactions of Distal Residues Enhance Dihydrofolate Reductase Catalysis: Mutational Effects on Hydride Transfer Rates†

Recently, the participation in catalysis of residues spatially removed from the enzyme's active site has received considerable attention. The influence of the distal Gly-121 residue on the chemical step of hydride transfer in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalysis had been demonstrated previously [Cameron, C. E., and Benkovic, S. J. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 15792−15800]. In our continuing effort to identify catalytically important residues that are distal from the active site, we used sequence conservation information, kinetic data on site-directed mutants, dynamic motion information from NMR methods, and correlated motions from MD simulations to identify a subset of residues. Among them, the region spanning positions 41−45 is distal to the active site and was chosen as the focus for the mutagenesis and kinetic studies reported here. Specifically, the highly conserved Met-42 was selected for site-directed mutagenesis. While the reaction kinetics for the M42F mutant enzyme did not deviate from wild-type b...
Hyperreal Operating Points in Transfinite Resistive Networks

Transfinite resistive electrical networks may (or may not) have operating points, and, even when voltages and currents do exist within them, Kirchoff’s laws may not be satisfied everywhere. Moreover, rather severe restrictions have to be placed on those networks in order to obtain such results. However, by borrowing some techniques of nonstandard analysis, we can replace the real-valued voltages and currents by hyperreal-valued voltages and currents. As a result, Kirchhoff’s laws are always satisfied so long as the transfinite network is "restorable" in the sense that the transfinite network is the end result of an expanding sequence of finite networks. No other restrictions on the transfinite network are needed. Several transfinite networks are then examined under nonstandard analysis, and explicit hyperreal currents and voltages are established for them.
Tomographic Compressive Holography

Compressive holography with multiple projection tomography are applied to solve the inverse ill-posed problem of 3D reconstruction of phase as well as amplitude objects with high axial accuracy. Brief theory and experimental results are shown.
Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) And Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF): Implications Of Scientific Objectives On Focal Plane Sensitivity Requirements

The full potential of infrared astronomy can be realized only through observations made with space-based telescopes cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The paper outlines the scientific mission, system description, and focal plane requirements for two cryogenic telescopes: the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and the Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). IRAS, a 60-cm superfluid-helium-cooled telescope system, will perform a one-year 8-120-micron IR sky survey; it will provide results of high reliability and sensitivity, produce the first complete survey data for the 30-120-micron region, and fill in missing portions (spectrally and spatially) of previous surveys short of 30 microns; its focal plane assembly is being designed to approach background-limited performance with an array of 62 discrete detectors. The SIRTF design will allow detailed follow-up studies in the 1-1000-micron range with a 116-160-cm observatory-class instrument. The Shuttle sortie capability introduces the unique SIRTF concept of an easily refurbishable or replaceable focal plane instrument complement in an orbiting cryogenic telescope.
Tutorial on Rapid Development of Intelligent Tutors using the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT)

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) can both help improve student learning and serve as useful platforms for experiments in learning science [1,2]. But the difficulty of building or customizing ITSs has hindered their acceptance among educators and researchers [3]. The Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT) project aims to provide a suite of authoring tools that make tutor development more affordable by leveraging human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence techniques. Previous efforts on CTAT added the capability for nonprogrammers to create exampletracing tutors via a programming-by-demonstration technique that requires no coding [4]. While exampletracing tutors provide a student experience similar to that of the more general cognitive tutors, they also require that an author demonstrate and fully annotate each individual problem to be presented.
Implantable micro-transceiver wireless link for intra-ocular pressure measurement

In the present work, the design and fabrication of a wireless capacitive pressure sensor is discussed. The sensor allows for the continuous measurement of intraocular pressure for glaucoma monitoring. The implanted microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device has a novel in-house LC tank structure in which post assembly and wafer bounding is not required. Pressure variations in the eye, induce the deflection of a thin diaphragm and hence a change in capacitance and resonant frequency of the device. Using inductive coupling, an external coil records the pressure changes. Several sensors for a footprint area of 5 mm x 5 mm have been fabricated. In order to optimize the wireless link between the implantable device and the transmit antenna, the interactions with the electromagnetic waves through layered biological tissue are studied. A methodology for correlating the measured data to pressure is discussed.
An optimal graph-construction approach to placing program signatures for signature monitoring

A new approach produces optimal signature placement for concurrent detection of processor and program-memory errors using signature monitoring. A program control-how graph, labeled with the overhead for placing a signature on each node and arc, is transformed into an undirected graph. For an order-independent signature function such as an XOR or arithmetic checksum, the undirected graph and a spanning tree algorithm are shown to produce an optimal placement in O(n log beta (n, m)) time. Cyclic codes, which are order dependent, are shown to allow significantly lower overhead than order-independent functions. Prior work suggests overhead is unrelated to signature-function type. An O(n) graph-construction algorithm produces an optimal signature placement for cyclic codes. Experimental data show that using a cyclic code and horizontal reference signatures, the new approach can reduce average performance overhead to a fraction of a percent for the SPEC89 benchmark suite, more than 9 times lower than the performance overhead of an existing O(n/sup 2/) placement algorithm. >
Imaging retinal blood flow with laser speckle flowmetry

Laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) was initially developed to measure blood flow in the retina. More recently, its primary application has been to image baseline blood flow and activity-dependent changes in blood flow in the brain. We now describe experiments in the rat retina in which LSF was used in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor light-evoked changes in blood flow in retinal vessels. This dual imaging technique permitted us to stimulate retinal photoreceptors and measure vessel diameter with confocal microscopy while simultaneously monitoring blood flow with LSF. We found that a flickering light dilated retinal arterioles and evoked increases in retinal blood velocity with similar time courses. In addition, focal light stimulation evoked local increases in blood velocity. The spatial distribution of these increases depended on the location of the stimulus relative to retinal arterioles and venules. The results suggest that capillaries are largely unresponsive to local neuronal activity and that hemodynamic responses are mediated primarily by arterioles. The use of LSF to image retinal blood flow holds promise in elucidating the mechanisms mediating functional hyperemia in the retina and in characterizing changes in blood flow that occur during retinal pathology.
Glass formation and glass transition in supercooled liquids, with insights from study of related phenomena in crystals

Abstract We divide glass and viscous liquid sciences into two major research areas, the first dealing with how to avoid crystals and so access the viscous liquid state, and the second dealing with how liquids behave when no crystals form. We review some current efforts to elucidate each area, looking at strategies for vitrification of monatomic metals in the first, and the origin of the property ‘fragility’ in the second. Essential in the first is the ‘ideal glassformer’ concept. Essential in the second is the non-trivial behavior of the glassformer thermodynamics. We explore the findings on non-exponential relaxation and dynamic heterogeneities in viscous liquids, emphasizing the way in which direct excitation of the configurational modes has helped differentiate configurational from non-configurational contributions to the excess heat capacity. We then propose a scheme for understanding the relation between inorganic network and non-network glassformers which includes the anomalous case of water as an intermediate. In a final section we examine the additional insights to be gained by study of the glass-like, ergodicity-breaking transitions that occur in disordering crystals. Here we highlight systems in which the background thermodynamics is understood because the ergodic behavior is a lambda transition. Water, and the classical network glassformers, appear to be attenuated versions of the latter type of cooperative transition.
Measuring and analyzing the energy use of enterprise computing systems

Abstract Until now, green computing research has largely relied on few, short-term power measurements to characterize the energy use of enterprise computing. This paper brings new and comprehensive power datasets through Powernet, a hybrid sensor network that monitors the power and utilization of the IT systems in a large academic building. Over more than two years, we have collected power data from 250+ individual computing devices and have monitored a subset of CPU and network loads. This dense, long-term monitoring allows us to extrapolate the data to a detailed breakdown of electricity use across the building's computing systems. Our datasets provide an opportunity to examine data analysis and methodology techniques used in green computing research. We show that power variability both between similar devices and over time for a single device can lead to cost or savings estimates that are off by 15–20%. Extending the coverage of measured devices and the duration (to at least one month) significantly reduces errors. Lastly, our experiences with collecting data and the subsequent analysis lead to a better understanding of how one should go about power characterization studies. We provide several methodology guidelines for the green computing community. The data from the Powernet deployment can be found at http://sing.stanford.edu/maria/powernet .
A novel approach for characterization and optimization of ALA rotor synchronous reluctance motor drives for traction applications

An integrated team artificial intelligence electromagnetic, T-AI-EM environment is developed to accurately determine the performance characteristics of synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM) with axially laminated anisotropic (ALA) rotor configurations. This T-AI-EM approach is also used to develop an optimum design of SynRM for traction applications. The main objective of this optimization is to minimize the torque ripple while maximizing the output torque to ensure high acceleration and smooth operation. Furthermore, this model will enable the SynRM motor to easily interact in real time with the control unit of the hybrid-electric vehicle, HEV. The T-AI-EM is composed of two main blocks. The first block consists of electromagnetic module utilizing indirectly coupled finite element state space (FE-SS) model. The second consists of an AI based model inspired from team member concept that consists of several adaptive network fuzzy inference systems, ANFISs, supervised by a radial based network, RBN.
Vitamin A (Retinoids) Regulation of Mouse Melanoma Growth and Differentiation

The incidence of melanoma is rapidly increasing in the U.S. population. At the present, there is no effective chemotherapy against invasive melanoma. At our laboratory, we have been studying retinoic acid (RA)-induced growth arrest and differentiation in the B16 murine melanoma cell model. Several immediate-early gene targets of RA were identified by gene arrays. In one of these genes, T-box binding protein-2 (Tbx-2), an RA response element, was identified in the promoter region that mediates the RA responsiveness of this gene. RA also induces a sixfold to eightfold increase in protein kinase C (PKC)alpha RNA and protein. This gene is not a direct target of RA but appears to be required for the biological effects of RA in B16 melanoma cells. PKC can alter gene transcription via phosphorylation of activator protein (AP)-1. RA increased AP-1 activity in B16 cells but with delayed kinetics compared with activation of PKC by phorbol dibutyrate. Clones stably expressing a dominant negative A-fos gene had reduced AP-1 activity and were less sensitive to RA induction of growth arrest and differentiation. Paradoxically, although inhibition of PKC enzyme activity blocked phorbol dibutyrate-stimulated AP-1 activity, it had no effect on RA-induced AP-1 activity. Further investigation showed that PKC enzyme activity was not required for RA-induced growth inhibition or stimulation of melanin synthesis. These data suggest that PKCalpha either works through a nonenzymatic protein-protein mechanism or may interfere with the enzymatic function of another isozyme of PKC to mediate the actions of RA in B16 melanoma cells.
A mechanism for range image integration without image registration

A mechanism is introduced that automatically integrates multi-view range images without registering the images. The mechanism is based on a reference double-frame that acts as the coordinate system of the scene. A single-view range image of a scene is obtained by sweeping a laser line over the scene by hand and analyzing the acquired light stripes. Range images captured from different views of the scene are in the coordinate system of the double-frame, and thus, automatically integrate without further processing.
The Interrelations of Societies in History

It has been long pointed out that the destinies of the various sections of mankind began to be interrelated long before the twentieth century, with its global wars and cold wars; or even the nineteenth century, the century of European world hegemony. Here we will study certain of the historical ways in which these destinies were intertwined; in this way we may distinguish more valid modes of tracing large-scale history and of comparing the societies involved in it, from a number of popular but unsound modes of trying to do so. I shall speak mostly of the ages before modern times, noting only briefly at the end of the paper certain crucial ways in which modern interrelations among human societies have been different from earlier ones.
Interatomic forces in relation to the theory of dislocations

Abstract The early developments of the dislocation theory were mainly in the framework of the continuum theory of elasticity. However, the importance of understanding the dislocation cores became apparent as investigations turned away from materials with close-packed structures to materials with more complex crystal structures. A necessary precursor for theoretical studies of the atomic structure of dislocations and other lattice defects is an understanding of atomic interactions. Until recently pair potentials were used almost exclusively in such studies. In this paper we first discuss the origin, merits and limitations of pair potentials. In particular, we analyse which features of pair potentials, as well as of the problems studied, are most important for the success of such atomistic studies. This is then demonstrated on two examples: the core structures of screw dislocations in intermetallic compounds with the Ll2 crystal structure and the cores of intrinsic grain-boundary dislocations. Finally we di...
Video: Remote sensor placement

The goal of this work is to develop a new autonomous capability for remotely deploying precisely located sensor nodes without damaging the sensor nodes in the process. Over the course of the last decade there has been significant interest in research to deploy sensor networks. This research is driven by the fact that the costs associated with installing sensor networks can be very high. In order to rapidly deploy sensor networks consisting of large numbers of sensor nodes, alternative techniques must be developed to place the sensor nodes in the field.To date much of the research on sensor network deployment has focused on strategies that involve the random dispersion of sensor nodes [1]. In addition other researchers have investigated deployment strategies utilizing small unmanned aerial helicopters for dropping sensor networks from the air. [2]. The problem with these strategies is that often sensor nodes need to be very precisely located for their measurements to be of any use. The reason for this could be that the sensor being used only have limited range, or need to be properly coupled to the environment which they are sensing. The problem with simply dropping sensor nodes is that for many applications it is necessary to deploy sensor nodes horizontally. In addition, to properly install many types of sensors, the sensor must assume a specific pose relative to the object being measured.In order to address these challenges we are currently developing a technology to remotely and rapidly deploy precisely located sensor nodes. The remote sensor placement device being developed can be described as an intelligent gas gun (Figure 1). A laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance to a specified target sensor location. This distance is then used to estimate the amount of energy required to propel the sensor node to the target location with just enough additional energy left over to ensure the sensor node is able to attach itself to the target of interest. We are currently in the process of developing attachment mechanisms for steel, wood, fiberglass (Figure 2).In this demonstration we will perform a contained, live demo of our prototype pneumatic remote sensor placement device along with some prototype sensor attachment mechanisms we are developing.
High-Voltage Electron Microscopy

High-voltage electron microscopy (HVEMY) is transmission or scanning-transmission electron microscopy that is performed at accelerating potentials much higher than those used by conventional transmission (CTEM) or scanning-transmission (CSTEM) instruments. HVEMY requires a specialized instrument, commonly referred to as a high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM), that can operate at accelerating potentials of 1 MV or higher. These HVEMs differ considerably from CTEMs in their physical characteristics, primarily as a result of the difficulties associated with production of such high voltages. HVEMs should not be confused with intermediate-voltage electron microscopes (IVEMs), which operate at 200–400 kV and are physically similar to CTEMs and CSTEMs. The discussion that follows is restricted to the HVEM because, as yet, there are insufficient data to evaluate the usefulness of IVEMs for the examination of microorganisms.
Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Nurses

Compassion fatigue in nursing has been shown to impact the quality of patient care and employee satisfaction and engagement. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and severity of compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses and variations in prevalence based on respondent demographics using a cross-sectional survey design. Nurses under 40 years of age, with 6-10 years of experience and/or working in a medical-surgical unit had significantly lower compassion satisfaction and higher levels of burnout. Secondary traumatic stress from caring for children with severe illness or injury or end of life was a key contributor to compassion fatigue.
Efficient estimation of the signal subspace without eigendecomposition

A method of obtaining estimates of a set of basis vectors spanning the signal subspace without eigendecomposition is described. Each basis vector can be determined as the solution to a linear least-squares prediction problem, thereby offering a reduction in computation of one order of magnitude compared with eigendecomposition-based methods. Experiments suggest that the proposed method has performance equal to that of MUSIC. >
Influence of Soybean Meal on Growth and Phosphorus Availability in Turkey Poults

Abstract HILL (1948) found that soybean meal improved the growth of chicks when it was added as the source of protein in diets made up of natural vegetable materials. He attributed this response to a growth factor which it contained. Kratzer et al. (1959) showed that soybean meal contained an organic growth promoting factor for turkey poults, a portion of which could be extracted with methanol. Wilcox et al. (1961a,b) also reported that soybean meal or a water extract made from it would increase the growth of poults. Carlson et al. (1964) reported that a water extract of either heated or raw soybean meal gave a growth response in poults when included in an isolated soybean protein-glucose diet. They also observed an increase in bone ash and partial prevention of a rachitic-like leg weakness which developed in poults fed the purified diet. Scott et al. (1956, 1962) used an isolated soybean …
The connection between information theory and object search in networks

This paper aims to establish a connection between information theory and object search in networks. We make two contributions:1) Using information theoretical arguments, we establish fundamental lower bounds on lookup table sizes and search step numbers. These bounds generalize those derived previously and can deal with non-uniform lookup distributions and object popularities. 2) Using the analogy between search sequences and data compression and coding, we propose a distributed implementation of Shannon code that can reduce the expected length of search sequences to an arbitrarily small value at the cost of at most doubling the table sizes.
BODY-IMAGE DISTURBANCES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH INAPPROPRIATE SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT.

Body-image is the picture of our own body which we form in our minds. It is psychosocially determined. The way an adolescent sees himself in relation to his society is a vital factor in his adjustment. When sexual development is inappropriate the body-image is disturbed, which results in deviant behavior and adaptations. Parental over solicitude and emotional conflicts in early childhood exaggerate the reactions of individuals. Treatment is directed to restructuring the body-image.