cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-3 and Flt3-Ligand Induce Adhesion of Baf3/Flt3 Precursor B-Lymphoid Cells to Fibronectin via Activation of VLA-4 and VLA-5

Adhesion of hematopoietic cells to extracellular matrix components is important for blood cell development. However, little is known regarding the potential influence of IL-3 on this process for precursor B cells and Flt3-ligand has not yet been implicated in induction of adhesion of any blood cell types to extracellular matrix components. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of cytokine-induced cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN), using as a model the murine precursor B cell line, Baf3, a factor-dependent cell line requiring IL-3 for both growth and survival. Since factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines expressing Flt3 receptor are extremely rare, we also studied Baf3/Flt3, a subline of Baf3 transduced with the Flt3 receptor gene. IL-3 induced adhesion of Baf3 and Baf3/Flt3 cells to FN, while Flt3-ligand induced adhesion of Baf3/Flt3 cells only. Whereas both Baf3 and Baf3/Flt3 cells expressed VLA-4 and -5 integrins as FN receptors, expression levels of VLA-4 and -5 were not affected by IL-3 or Flt3-ligand treatment. However, blocking experiments using anti-integrin antibodies showed that cytokine-induced adhesion of cells depended on both VLA-4 and -5 suggesting that IL-3 and Flt3-ligand activated these integrins. PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin, PKC inhibitor H-7, or PKA inhibitor HA1004 did not suppress adhesion induced by IL-3 or Flt3-ligand; in contrast, PLC inhibitor U-73122 did suppress adhesion, suggesting the possibility that PLC, but not PI-3 kinase, PKC, or PKA, may be involved in this process. Since it is known that IL-3 and Flt3-ligand receptors are expressed on precursor B cells, and these receptors are downregulated during B cell maturation of primary cells, the induction of precursor B cell adhesion to FN by IL-3 and Flt3-ligand may contribute a mechanism by which precursor B cells adhere to bone marrow stroma, thereby influencing their development.
Structural characterization of a 39-residue synthetic peptide containing the two zinc binding domains from the HIV-1 p7 nucleocapsid protein by CD and NMR spectroscopy.

Abstract A 39-residue peptide (p7-DF) containing the two zinc binding domains of the p7 nucleocapsid protein was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The solution structure of the peptide was characterized using circular dichroic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in both the presence and absence of zinc ions. Circular dichroic spectroscopy indicates that the peptide exhibits a random coil conformation in the absence of zinc but appears to form an ordered structure in the presence of zinc. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that the two zinc binding domains within the peptide form stable, but independent, units upon the addition of 2 equivalents of ZnCl2 per equivalent of peptide. Structure calculations on the basis of nuclear Overhauser (NOE) data indicate that the two zinc binding domains have the same polypeptide fold within the errors of the coordinates (∼0.5A˚for the backbone atoms, the zinc atoms and the coordinating cysteine and histidine ligands). The linker region (Arg17—Gly223) is characterized by a very limited number of sequential NOEs and the absence of any non-sequential NOEs suggest that this region of the polypeptide chain is highly flexible. The latter coupled with the occurrence of a large number of basic residues (four out of seven) in the linker region suggests that it may serve to allow adaptable positioning of the nucleic acid recognition sequences within the protein.
Considerations in designing a system for developing dental caries models

Abstract The primary determinants of smooth surface caries are the host's teeth, diet and bacteria. The specific properties as well as the interaction among them are considered as design constraints for a computer-controlled experimental facility to be used as a mathematical modelling aid.
MR imaging after therapeutic injection of the subacromial bursa

Objective. As a therapeutic injection into the subacromial bursa (SAB) is commonly performed for impingement syndrome, it is important to know whether this fluid can be retained for a period of time and cause confusion with a pathologic collection of fluid. This study identifies and describes the appearance of recent subacromial injection using MR imaging, and the appearance of a potential complication. Design and patients. Fourteen asymptomatic shoulders were studied with MR imaging using fast spin echo T2-weighted imaging (1.5 T) prior to injection with 7 cm3 of xylocaine. Four shoulders had subacromial fluid and were eliminated from the study. The remaining 10 (9 men, 1 woman; age range 27–36 years, average age 33 years) were then re-imaged immediately, and at 6, 12 and 24 h after the injection or until fluid resolved. Each set of images was reviewed for the presence of fluid in the SAB and for additional abnormalities. Results. Fluid was identified in all subjects in the SAB in the immediate, 6 and 12 h post-injection images. At 24 h, fluid was not identified within the SAB in eight of 10 patients. In one patient fluid resolved in 48 h. The other continued to demonstrate fluid in the SAB and in the joint as well as abnormal signal in the infraspinatus muscle from a presumed myositis. Imaging was performed up to 10 days after the injection in this patient. Conclusions. It is known that fluid identified in the SAB without evidence of a cuff tear may be due to bursitis. However, if MR imaging is performed within 24 h of injection, the presence of the fluid may be iatrogenic. In addition, the history of recent therapeutic injection is very important as complications such as myositis can occur as a result of the injection. Knowledge of injection prior to imaging is vital for accurate interpretation of MR shoulder examinations.
Thermal synthesis and pyrolysis of a xylan

Abstract A xylan has been synthesized in yields up to 64% by thermal polymerization of methyl β- d -xylopyranoside, catalyzed by phosphoric acid. The polymer is highly branched, with d.p. ∼20. The xylose units in the polymer are predominantly pyranose, with some furanose, and 14% of the nonreducing end groups are in the furanose form. The “reducing” end groups are at least partly in the form of methyl xylosides. Vacuum pyrolysis of the pure synthetic xylan gave a high char yield (48%, compare, for example 5% from pure cellulose), 1,4-anhydro-α- d -xylopyranose (5.7%), and 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxypent-1-en-3-ulose (2.4%). The structure of the latter compound was verified by degradation experiments and it was shown to be the compound previously isolated from pyrolysis of natural xylans and incorrectly assigned as 3-hydroxy-2-penteno-1,5-lactone. This glyculose has considerable importance as a marker compound for xylans in pyrolysis of biomass materials.
“We are on to something real and fundamental.” An interview with Richard E. Cytowic

Richard E. Cytowic (MD) is a US-based neurologist and author. Dr Cytowic is rightfully considered to be a pioneering researcher of the phenomenon of synaesthesia. He has penned several publications, including the highly acclaimed books Synesthesia: A Union of the Senses (1989; 2nd ed., 2002), The Man Who Tasted Shapes (1993), and Wednesday is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia (co-authored with David Eagleman) (2009). Regarding the initial rejection in the 1980s of the legitimacy and significance of studying the condition, the contemporary resurgence in synaesthesia research is primarily Dr Cytowic’s legacy. His scientific contribution is completed with educational projects. Synaesthesia has been the subject in Dr Cytowic’s media appearances that were featured in numerous TV shows and documentaries. At present, R. Cytowic is exceptionally prolific, giving lectures for the public, writing blogs and participating in art projects. We kindly asked Richard Cytowic to provide his opinion on several topics in today’s synaesthesia research. The answers that we received via email make up an interview that we have the honor to publish in this special issue of T&HS on synaesthesia. Do you consider synesthesia as varieties of a unitary condition or as multiple disparate phenomena? Why? This is a question I’ve asked myself since the beginning, in the late 1970s, when individuals with sensory couplings turned up with number forms as well (the latter now more precisely called spatial sequence synesthesia). I posed the question in the original series of forty-two individuals (see Table 1), even including a table, as I recall, of those with both synesthesia and number forms, and those with number forms alone. I was a lumper rather than a splitter because the two experiences felt qualitatively similar, and I left it with readers as an open question. (You THEORIA ET HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, VOL. X Ed. Nico laus Copern icus Univers i ty 2013
Psychometric Evaluation of the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 and the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form with Children and Adolescents

This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of 2 assessment instruments, the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 (BPI-01; Rojahn, Matson, Lott, Esbensen, & Smalls, 2001) and the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF; Aman, Tasse, Rojahn, & Hammer, 1996). The sample consisted of 237 ethnically diverse children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities who ranged in age from 4 to 22 years. Reliability parameters included internal consistency, interteacher agreement, teacher-parent agreement, and test-retest reliability. Factorial validity was assessed first by bivariate Spearman rank (ρ) correlations and then by examining the factor structure fit via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed by multiple regression analyses across the 2 instruments. Reliability coefficients (internal consistency, interteacher agreement, and test-retest reliability) of the BPI-01 and of the NCBRF subscales ranged from fair to excellent and from poor to excell...
Nucleation and metastability in three-dimensional Ising models

We present Monte Carlo experiments on nucleation theory in the nearest-neighbor three-dimensional Ising model and in Ising models with long-range interactions. For the nearest-neighbor model, our results are compatible with the classical nucleation theory (CNT) for low temperatures, while for the long-range model a breakdown of the CNT was observed near the mean-field spinodal. A new droplet model and a zeroth-order theory of droplet growth are also presented.
Developmental Programming: Postnatal Steroids Complete Prenatal Steroid Actions to Differentially Organize the GnRH Surge Mechanism and Reproductive Behavior in Female Sheep

In female sheep, estradiol (E2) stimulates the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge and receptive behavior, whereas progesterone blocks these effects. Prenatal exposure to testosterone disrupts both the positive feedback action of E2 and sexual behavior although the mechanisms remain unknown. The current study tested the hypothesis that both prenatal and postnatal steroids are required to organize the surge and sex differences in reproductive behavior. Our approach was to characterize the LH surge and mating behavior in prenatally untreated (Control) and testosterone-treated (T) female sheep subsequently exposed to one of three postnatal steroid manipulations: endogenous E2, excess E2 from a chronic implant, or no E2 due to neonatal ovariectomy (OVX). All females were then perfused at the time of the expected surge and brains processed for estrogen receptor and Fos immunoreactivity. None of the T females exposed postnatally to E2 exhibited an E2-induced LH surge, but a surge was produced in five of six T/OVX and all Control females. No surges were produced when progesterone was administered concomitantly with E2. All Control females were mounted by males, but significantly fewer T females were mounted by a male, including the T/OVX females that exhibited LH surges. The percentage of estrogen receptor neurons containing Fos was significantly influenced in a brain region-, developmental stage-, and steroid-specific fashion by testosterone and E2 treatments. These findings support the hypothesis that the feedback controls of the GnRH surge are sensitive to programming by prenatal and postnatal steroids in a precocial species.
Survival after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not impacted by performance status

Abstract Background Patients with the best performance status have the best prognosis after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of performance status on survival after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma. Methods Patients with a Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) status (KPS) ≥60 after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma were evaluated, and the impact of the KPS at 6 weeks after pancreatectomy on survival was determined using survival curve analysis. Results Recurrence was experienced by 84% of patients and negatively impacted patient survival. The median overall survival was 12 months, and the 2-year overall survival was 35%. The KPS after pancreatectomy did not impact survival when using survival curve analysis ( P = .5740). Conclusions Performance status for patients with a KPS ≥60 after pancreatectomy does not impact survival. Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma without adjuvant therapy have poor overall survival, and KPS after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma should not be used to withhold therapy for these patients.
Intermittent pupillary dilation in a young woman

A 28-year-old woman presented with a history of unilateral throbbing headache associated intermittently with transient pupillary dilation. The differential diagnosis and suggested method of investigation are discussed. Therapeutic recommendations are mentioned for the treatment of common migraine.
Calculation of Stresses and Strains in Four-Point Bending Creep Tests

An analysis of strains and stresses in four-point bending creep tests in the limit of small beam deflections resulted in a general equation which relates the load-point deflection, the applied load, the creep exponent (N), and the geometrical parameters of the loading system. Measurements of load-point deflection rates, which are experimentally easy to accomplish in ceramic systems, vs the applied load lead to the direct determination of the creep exponent and the creep compliance in a steady-state creep test. The creep compliance is a function of the temperature, grain size, and all other factors except stress. The elastic equation relating the load-point deflection and the outer fiber strain is strictly valid for viscous creep and approximately valid for nonviscous creep (i.e. N>1) if the ratio of the distance between the support points to the distance between the load points is not very large.
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio hydrogel microstructures

Microfabrication of high-aspect-ratio polymeric microstructures via deep X-ray lithography traditionally involves either crosslinking or scissioning a polymer film spun-cast on a substrate. A post-exposure development procedure is usually employed to remove the unwanted polymer, leaving behind lithographically patterned structures. Instead, we use a novel synthesis technique wherein polymerization of a mixture of monomers in solvent is initiated, through a mask, with hard X-rays. The resulting polymer precipitates out of the solvent, thus limiting the spatial propagation of the reaction only to the exposed regions. Such a technique offers a unique way for the patterned synthesis of polymers from a variety of monomer-solvent systems. Here, we present the first results on the synthesis of high-aspect-ratio microstructures of a thermoreversible hydrogel, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), and an ionic hydrogel, poly (methacrylic acid). These stand-alone, implantable microstructures are envisioned to be potentially useful in such diverse areas as biosensors, microactuators, controlled release applications, and cell and tissue engineering.
Pseudopotential methods in condensed matter applications

Abstract The generalization from empirically determined screened pseudopotentials to self-consistently screened ab initio pseudopotentials had led to widespread use of the method in solid state applications. The method is reviewed here, beginning with the formal basis in density functional theory. Algorithms for solving the one-particle equations and evaluating the density functional expression for the energy are presented. Special attention is given to the developments in iteration to self-consistency, and to the implications of the variational nature of the energy. An extensive list is given of the broad range of applications of the self-consistent pseudopotential method for describing properties of condensed matter systems.
Spectroscopic studies of the seven-iron-containing ferredoxins from Azotobacter vinelandii and Thermus thermophilus.

Abstract The seven-iron-containing ferredoxins from Azotobacter vinelandii and Thermus thermophilus have been investigated by low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and room temperature ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results confirm the presence of one trinuclear and one tetranuclear iron-sulfur cluster in both ferredoxins and facilitate comparison of the electronic and magnetic properties of the oxidized and reduced [3e- x S] clusters. MCD magnetization data are consistent with an S = 2 ground state for both reduced [3Fe- x S] clusters, but indicate differences in the rhombicity of the zero-field splittings. The data permit rationalization of the absence of a ΔM = 4 EPR transition for the reduced [3Fe- x S] cluster in A. vinelandii ferredoxin I. Spectroscopic studies of anaerobically isolated A. vinelandii ferredoxin I do not support the hypothesis that the [3Fe- x S] cluster arises as a result of aerial oxidative damage to a [4Fe-4S] cluster during isolation. The possibility that two distinct forms of [3Fe- x S] clusters can exist in A. vinelandii ferredoxin I was investigated by spectroscopic studies as a function of pH. The results reveal two distinct and interconvertible forms of the reduced [3Fe- x S] cluster, but do not permit rationalization of the inconsistencies in the structural data that have been reported for the oxidized clusters.
Ultrafine particle size distributions near freeways: Effects of differing wind directions on exposure

High ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations may play an important role in the adverse health effects associated with living near busy roadways. However, UFP size distributions change rapidly as vehicle emissions dilute and age. These size changes can influence UFP lung deposition rates and dose because deposition in the respiratory system is a strong function of particle size. Few studies to date have measured and characterized changes in near-road UFP size distributions in real-time, thus missing transient variations in size distribution due to short-term fluctuations in wind speed, direction, or particle dynamics. In this study we measured important wind direction effects on near-freeway UFP size distributions and gradients using a mobile platform with 5-s time resolution. Compared to more commonly measured perpendicular (downwind) conditions, parallel wind conditions appeared to promote formation of broader and larger size distributions of roughly one-half the particle concentration. Particles during more parallel wind conditions also changed less in size with downwind distance and the fraction of lung-deposited particle number was calculated to be 15% lower than for downwind conditions, giving a combined decrease of about 60%. In addition, a multivariate analysis of several variables found meteorology, particularly wind direction and temperature, to be important in predicting UFP concentrations within 150 m of a freeway (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.014).
Towards performance based design of drilled shafts

AbstractFor bridges or buildings that may be subjected to large vertical and lateral loads, drilled shafts offer an economical foundation solution. While current drilled shaft design practices are considered adequate, a performance based approach to drilled shaft design can be more cost effective and produce a more dependable response. This study examined a performance-based design concept using load test data from 24 usable drilled shafts from several states. The process identified a challenge: the Osterberg (O-cell) load test method was unable to characterize the full top load–displacement response. When a typical single O-cell is utilized in a drilled shaft test, depending on the location of the O-cell and the geomaterials present along and beneath the shaft, the load test result typically quantifies either the side resistance or the end bearing reaching the maximum load–displacement curve but not both. This limitation hinders the determination of a suitable shaft resistance as a function of target top...
The global translation profile in a ribosomal protein mutant resembles that of an eIF3 mutant

Genome-wide assays performed in Arabidopsis and other organisms have revealed that the translation status of mRNAs responds dramatically to different environmental stresses and genetic lesions in the translation apparatus. To identify additional features of the global landscape of translational control, we used microarray analysis of polysomal as well as non-polysomal mRNAs to examine the defects in translation in a poly(A) binding protein mutant, pab2 pab8, as well as in a mutant of a large ribosomal subunit protein, rpl24b/shortvalve1. The mutation of RPL24B stimulated the ribosome occupancy of mRNAs for nuclear encoded ribosomal proteins. Detailed analysis yielded new insights into the translational regulon containing the ribosomal protein mRNAs. First, the ribosome occupancy defects in the rpl24b mutant partially overlapped with those in a previously analyzed initiation factor mutant, eif3h. Second, a group of mRNAs with incomplete coding sequences appeared to be uncoupled from the regulon, since their dependence on RPL24B differed from regular mRNAs. Third, different sister paralogs of the ribosomal proteins differed in their translation state in the wild-type. Some sister paralogs also differed in their response to the rpl24b mutation. In contrast to rpl24b, the pab2 pab8 mutant revealed few gene specific translational defects, but a group of seed storage protein mRNAs were stimulated in their ribosome occupancy. In the course of this work, while optimizing the statistical analysis of ribosome occupancy data, we collected 12 biological replicates of translation states from wild-type seedlings. We defined 20% of mRNAs as having a high variance in their translation state. Many of these mRNAs were functionally associated with responses to the environment, suggesting that subtle variation in the environmental conditions is sensed by plants and transduced to affect the translational efficiency of hundreds of mRNAs. These data represent the first genome-wide analysis of translation in a eukaryote defective in the large ribosomal subunit. RPL24 and eIF3h play similar but non-identical roles in eukaryotic translation. The data also shed light on the fine structure of the regulon of ribosomal protein mRNAs.
Ringing for conservation from the perspective of a volunteer ringer

Ringers can provide valuable information for conservation at local, national and international levels, by their contributions to national monitoring and by working on specific integrated projects, whether directed from the BTO or by other scientists and conservationists. Ringers give freely of their time, money, commitment, expertise and experience to gather such information and most are keen to receive guidance on ways in which they can maximise their contributions for the benefit of conservation. Careful consideration and a long‐term perspective are required when offering guidance on priorities to ringers. Financial incentives (restructuring of ring prices) could help to promote the types of ringing that are of high conservation value. Different strategies for improving the conservation value of ringing are likely to appeal to different types of ringers. All types of ringer make valuable contributions to the Ringing Scheme and all should be encouraged to increase their participation in ringing activitie...
Finite Element Modeling of the Workpiece Thermal Distortion in MQL Deep-Hole Drilling

This paper develops a three dimensional (3-D) finite element modeling (FEM) to predict the workpiece thermal distortion in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) deep-hole drilling. Drilling-induced heat fluxes on the drilled hole bottom surface (HBS) and hole wall surface (HWS) are first determined by the inverse heat transfer method. The proposed 3-D heat carrier model consisting of shell elements to carry the HWS heat flux and solid elements to carry the HBS heat flux conducts the heat to the workpiece to mimic drilling process. A coupled thermal-elastic analysis is used to calculate the workpiece thermal distortion at each time step based on the temperature distribution. The heat carrier model is validated by comparing the temperature profiles at selected points with those from an existing 2-D axisymmetric advection model. The capability for modeling distortion in the case of drilling multiple deep-holes is also demonstrated.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Lorazepam—Efficacy, side effects, and rebound phenomena

Lorazepam, 4 mg, was evaluated in an 18-night sleep-laboratory study involving five insomniac subjects. Hypnotic effectiveness and effects on sleep stages and related parameters were assessed. Placebo was given on baseline nights 1 to 4, lorazepam on nights 5 to 11, and placebo was given again on withdrawal nights 12 to 18. Subjective and objective data clearly demonstrated that lorazepam was effective for both inducing and maintaining sleep. Sleep latency was reduced from a baseline value of 34.6 min to 17.9 min (P < 0.01) and total wake time was reduced from 75.9 to 38.5 min (P < 0.01). On the third and fifth nights of drug withdrawal total wake time rose above baseline levels (termed rebound insomnia) and sleep latency increased by 77% and 60% over baseline (P < 0.01). Subjective estimates of daytime anxiety also increased above baseline (rebound anxiety) during the withdrawal period. All subjects experienced severe hangover and varying degrees of impaired functioning during the first 3 days on drug. Three subjects also experienced anterograde amnesia during the day after the first drug night. These side effects diminished in intensity over the course of the study. Our results suggest that while 4 mg lorazepam may be effective in inducing and maintaining sleep, this dose induces clinically significant side effects that are followed by consistent rebound phenomena after withdrawal. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 31, 175–179; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.27
High pressure vapor-liquid equilibria of aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide and ethane

Abstract An investigation of the Lewis acid-base interactions between aromatic hydrocarbons and an entrainer cosolvent using vapor-liquid equilibrium data and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra is presented. High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria of several ternary and quaternary systems containing aromatic hydrocarbons, an entrainer, and supercritical carbon dioxide or ethane as a diluent are measured using a dynamic system in which both the vapor and liquid phases are circulated. The aromatic hydrocarbons that are used in this study are anisole, benzaldehyde, and 1-methylnaphthalene, and the entrainer is methanol. The phase equilibria of the ternary and quaternary systems containing carbon dioxide are measured at 373 K and pressures up to 22 MPa. For the ethane systems, equilibrium measurements are made at 372 K and pressures up to 12 Mpa. Enhancement factors determined for anisole and benzaldehyde were found to increase with the addition of methanol as a cosolvent. Additionally, the thermodynamic relations for two multicomponent fluid phases in equilibrium, in which there are associating components in both phases, are examined. We show that the solubility depends on extent of hydrogen bonding of the solute in both phases. For mixtures in which only the solute and cosolvent associate, the solubility of the solute is shown to explicitly depend on the partitioning of the cosolvent between the two phases.
The ability to listen with independent ears.

In three experiments, listeners identified speech processed into narrow bands and presented to the right (“target”) ear. The ability of listeners to ignore (or even use) conflicting contralateral stimulation was examined by presenting various maskers to the target ear (“ipsilateral”) and nontarget ear (“contralateral”). Theoretically, an absence of contralateral interference would imply selectively attending to only the target ear; the presence of interference from the contralateral stimulus would imply that listeners were unable to treat the stimuli at the two ears independently; and improved performance in the presence of informative contralateral stimulation would imply that listeners can process the signals at both ears and keep them separate rather than combining them. Experiments showed evidence of the ability to selectively process (or respond to) only the target ear in some, but not all, conditions. No evidence was found for improved performance due to contralateral stimulation. The pattern of interference found across experiments supports an interaction of stimulus-based factors (auditory grouping) and task-based factors (demand for processing resources) and suggests that listeners may not always be able to listen to the “better” ear even when it would be beneficial to do so.
Acetaminophen Alters Estrogenic Responses in Vitro: Stimulation of DNA Synthesis in Estrogen-Responsive Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract A limited number of studies have investigated the estrogenic potential of acetaminophen but none has reported its effects on breast cells. Many compounds that alter estrogen-mediated processes in various tissues contain p -phenolic moieties. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic that also contains a p -phenol. This study tested the hypothesis that therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen alter estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell DNA synthesis. To this end, a modified E-screen assay was developed to determine the response to acetaminophen of two dichotomous types of human breast cancer cell lines: estrogen-responsive (MCF7, T47D, ZR-75-1) and estrogen-nonresponsive (MDA-MB-231, HS578T). Cells were placed in estradiol-free medium and then exposed to 3 nM estradiol or 0.03–1 mM acetaminophen. The proliferative response was assessed by determining [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and by determining the percentage of cells in the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle. Concentrations of acetaminophen commonly attained in human plasma with therapeutic doses of this drug (∼0.1 mM) were found as effective as estradiol in stimulating DNA synthesis in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells. Higher acetaminophen concentrations (1 mM) stimulated estrogen-responsive cells to a lesser extent. The combination of estradiol and acetaminophen did not stimulate DNA synthesis in estrogen-responsive cells more than either agent alone. Neither acetaminophen nor estradiol stimulated DNA synthesis in estrogen-nonresponsive human breast cancer cells. These novel findings demonstrate that therapeutic acetaminophen concentrations specifically stimulate estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell DNA synthesis, suggesting that this drug may exert estrogenic effects.
The next step for Kennewick Man.

The penultimate paragraph of C. Holden's news report (News of the Week, 30 July, p. [591][1]) on the Kennewick Man case, “Court battle ends, bones still off-limits,” includes a statement by Alan Schneider, head of the legal team representing the Bonnichsen plaintiffs in the case, attributing to
Effects of Listening to Mozart and Bach on the Performance of a Mathematical Test

The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of listening to Mozart and Bach on the immediate performance of a 10-min. mathematical test. The study consisted of 61 undergraduate participants. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group, a Mozart group, or a Bach group. Participants were then administered a mathematics pretest, listened to a selection of music for 10 min., and were then administered a mathematics posttest. The test was constructed to be similar to items taken from the University Mathematics Placement Examination. Analysis indicated no significant effect on the immediate mathematics test when participants listened to 10 min. of either Mozart or Bach. These findings suggest caution in measuring differences in various cognitive tasks as indicating increases in intelligence scores.
Control and Collaboration: Paradoxes of Governance

Corporate governance is an increasingly provocative topic, evident in ongoing debates between proponents of control versus collaborative approaches. We accommodate these contrasting approaches within a paradox framework, using agency and stewardship theories to elaborate the underlying tensions and to emphasize the value of monitoring, as well as empowerment. Building from these tensions, we examine reinforcing cycles that foster strategic persistence and organizational decline. We conclude by discussing means of managing control and collaboration, highlighting the implications for corporate governance.
Boiling, colloid nucleation and aggregation, and the genesis of bonanza Au-Ag ores of the sleeper deposit, Nevada

A deep “parent” composition for bonanza oreforming fluids at the Sleeper deposit was calculated by the computer program SOLVEQ using fluid-inclusion microthermometric and gas data, and by assuming equilibrium with the following minerals present in vein samples below the bonanza zones: gold, chalcedony, adularia, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and acanthite. The calculated dissolved gold content of 295 ppb is approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than that assumed for typical geothermal systems. Thus, a gold-enriched fluid appears to have been a principal factor in the genesis of bonanza Au-Ag ores at the Sleeper deposit. Geochemical modelling of possible ore-forming processes using the computer program CHILLER, with the reconstructed ore-forming solution as a starting composition, indicates that boiling most closely reproduces observed minerals and their relative abundances in bonanza ores. The constraint imposed by the association of amorphous silica with gold precludes all of the mixing scenarios modelled, such as mixing with cold and steam-heated groundwaters (acid-sulfate, CO2-rich). Modelling indicates that boiling of a gold-rich deep solution leads to rapid gold precipitation, and that the amount of gold precipitated initially is large relative to other minerals. These factors apparently led to nucleation of colloidal gold particles instead of in-situ gold deposition or coprecipitation with other phases. Gold colloids apparently were entrained in the upward-flowing hydrothermal solutions and grew as they travelled. Upon reaching a critical size (10–100 nm?), they were deposited due to orthokinetic aggregation at an elevation and temperature at which amorphous silica was nucleating and aggregating.
Analysis of human spatial behavior in a GIS environment: Recent developments and future prospects

In recent years, comprehensive geographic data sets of metropolitan areas and individual-level, georeferenced data are becoming more available to social scientists. At the same time, tools for performing spatial analysis in a GIS environment have also become more available. These developments provide many new opportunities for the analysis and theoretical understanding of disaggregate human spatial behavior. This paper examines how these developments may enable the researcher to represent complex urban and cognitive environments more realistically, and to overcome the limitations of aggregate spatial data framework. It explores their implications for the theoretical and methodological development in geography and other social science disciplines.
Defining foreign social movements

The recurring tendencies in the American news media's coverage of foreign social movements illustrate the interaction between journalism and social change. By examining how the media defined Poland's Solidarity trade union movement, Czechoslovakia's Civic Forum, and East Germany's New Forum, I will identify the ideological meanings and values conveyed by the coverage of these movements, all of which significantly affected the political and social transformation of Eastern Europe.
Characterization of an advanced performance reticle defect inspection algorithm

KLA-Tencor has developed a new reticle defect inspection algorithm, APA (advanced performance algorithm), which replaces the current 300 series algorithm (P183), and offers significant improvements in the detection of important defect types on advanced reticles, including OPC reticles. The improvements with APA can also allow inspections with larger pixel sizes compared with P183, resulting in faster inspection times. A suite of test masks was used for evaluating APA's performance on a 351 reticle inspection system at 488 nm using 0.5, 0.375 and 0.25 micrometer pixel sizes. The test suite included a VeriThoro TM 890EX test reticle and a SEMI- standard programmed defect test pattern scaled by 50%, 33%, 25%, and 20% (producing nominal primary features sizes of 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 and 0.60 micrometer). APA's improved performance allowed the use of the 0.375 micrometer pixel size for the 1.5 and 1.0 micrometer linewidth patterns resulting in faster inspection times (compared with the 0.25 micrometer pixel size for P183); it further allowed the successful inspection of the 0.75 and 0.60 micrometer linewidth patterns. A methodology was developed to analyze, summarize and compare the performance results of APA and P183. Finally, APA successfully inspected various actual product reticles with patterns of 0.75 micrometer and below including an advanced MicroUnity OPC (optical proximity correction) reticle with 0.75 micrometer serif and 0.35 micrometer database neck dimensions.
Putative Paleocene plesiosaurs from Cajon Pass, California, U.S.A.

Abstract Two elasmosaurid plesiosaur specimens have been recovered from rocks of the San Francisquito Formation(?) in Cajon Pass, California. Some invertebrate fossils and palynomorphs from the San Francisquito Formation(?) here indicate a Paleocene age, but no direct association of Paleocene fossils and the plesiosaur fossils can be demonstrated. Therefore, the Cajon Pass plesiosaurs are most reasonably considered Late Cretaceous.
Electron stimulated desorption of O+ and O− from oxygen chemisorbed on tungsten

Abstract The release of O − ions from the O 2 − W system by electron impact has been confirmed for the bombarding electron energy range 400–1000 eV. A small contribution to the O + signal from the β 2 atomic adsorption state was observed in agreement with previous work. However, the O − species appear to be released only from the more weakly bound β 1 state. Total cross sections of ∼2 × 10 −18 cm 2 were measured for the release of both species, suggesting that the origin of the O − signal and most of the O + signal is the loosely bound β 1 state.
Coming to Terms With Reality: Predictors of Self-deception Within Substance Abuse Recovery

Objectives—It is argued that drug and alcohol addiction centers on denial and self-delusion, and successful recovery depends on coming to terms with such problems. Mutual-help programs for substance abuse recovery (eg, 12-step programs) and self-run recovery homes (eg, Oxford House) might decrease self-deception through emphasis on facing reality, strict abstinence rules, and empowering people to direct their own course of recovery. Methods—The present study examined how recovery processes (12-step programs vs. recovery residence), substance use, and race/ethnicity predicted self-deception among adult residents of self-run recovery homes (359 men, 152 women). Results—Twelve-step participation but not recovery home residency significantly predicted decreased self-deception across a 4-month period. In addition, race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of self-deception, with African Americans reporting higher levels of self-deception than participants of other racial groups. Conclusions—It is suggested that substance abusing individuals look to 12-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous to reduce denial and gain a realistic selfview, critical steps in addiction recovery.
Partial Purification of the Rat Erythrocyte Ceruloplasmin Receptor Monitored by an Electrophoresis Mobility Shift Assay

Abstract Ceruloplasmin (Cp), the main copper transport glycoprotein found in the blood, delivers its copper to intracellular proteins via a plasma membrane receptor protein. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were originally developed to detect DNA-protein or RNA-protein binding. A new EMSA involving protein-protein binding has been developed in order to follow the extraction and purification of the rat erythrocyte Cp receptor. The assay utilized rat Cp (rCp) with a radiolabel ( 125 I-rCp), native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and detergent-solubilized erythrocyte plasma membrane. Five detergents, at concentrations of 1.0%, were readily screened for their ability to extract the receptor using this assay. Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed the greatest yields of rCp-receptor complex with large mobility shifts to higher molecular weight. Apo-rCp as well as native rCp bound to the receptor. Maximum rCp-receptor complex formation was observed after a 5-min incubation at 25°C with dimerization or higher order aggregation occurring by 10 min. The binding of rCp to the receptor was specific as unlabeled rCp showed displacement of 125 I-rCp from the 125 I-rCp-receptor complex, while unlabeled bovine serum albumin did not. The Triton X-100-extracted receptor had an M r of 150,000 as determined by Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The SDS-extracted receptor maintained activity after 80°C for 10 min, so SDS-PAGE was also used to determine the M r of the receptor. With this technique the subunit M r of the receptor was approximately 56,000. The EMSA should prove to be a powerful tool in monitoring the further purification of the rCp receptor and in characterizing rCp-receptor binding.
Immiserizing Growth as Seen by Bhagwati, Samuelson, and Others

Immiserizing growth is a long-term phenomenon that occurs when the gain in a country's social welfare arising from economic growth is more than offset by the loss in such welfare associated with an adverse shift in the terms of trade. In one case explored many years ago by Jagdish Bhagwati, immiserizing growth occurs in a developing nation that has started economic growth but faces unfavorable international demand conditions as it increases its traditional exports. In another case explored recently by Paul A. Samuelson, immiserizing growth occurs for the growing industrialized country when its trade partner follows a policy of import substituting growth and, as a result, shifts the terms of trade against the exporting country. Still others have specified a variety of different cases of immiserizing growth. The author provides a simple graphical method to analyze these situations and then presents data showing that immiserizing growth is a relatively rare phenomenon.
Bilaterality in anterior cruciate ligament injuries Associated intercondylar notch stenosis

Nonsimultaneous, bilateral ACL injuries are not uncommon. We studied a group of patients with these injuries to determine possible predisposing factors that could aid in early detection and prevention of contralateral ACL injury. Retrospective analysis of 1,120 patients with ACL ruptures who were treated between 1983 and 1987 revealed 45 patients with bilateral ruptures. Complete follow-up data were available for 41 of these patients. We examined age at initial injury, sex, interval between initial and contralateral ACL injury, mechanism of injury, activity at injury, medical and family histories, treatment of initial injury, and radiographic measurement of intercondylar notch width. The overall incidence of bilaterality was 4.01% in the 28 male and 13 female patients. Their average age was 19 years and 10 months. The average interval between initial and contralateral injury was 47 months. A noncontact cutting maneuver was the most common mechanism of injury. We devised a method to measure and compare intercondylar notch widths on plain radiographs. We compared the mean notch width index (NWI) of the bilateral group to the mean NWI of a group of 50 consecutive patients with "normal" knees and to the mean NWI of 50 consecutive patients with acute ACL ruptures. The mean NWI for the normal group was .2338, for the acute ACL group, .2248, and for the bilateral group, .1961. We noted a statistically significant difference when we compared the bilateral group to the normal and acute groups (P less than 0.0001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the NWI of the normal and acute ACL groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural determinants of blockade of eosinophil activation, adhesion and secretion by synthetic analogs of phomactin.

Abstract We examined the structural determinants of phomactin analogs to assess their efficacy as antagonist of PAF. Six analogs of phomactin were synthesized to determine their inhibitory effects on adhesion, superoxide release, leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) synthesis and [ 3 H]PAF binding in human eosinophils. Phomactin analogs inhibited both PAF- and IL-5-induced eosinophil adhesion. Analog A, which bears an alkene moiety between C-1 and C-14, a ketone at the C-2 position, and an alkyne moiety between C-3 and C-4, had the greatest anti-adhesive effect. Change of the alkene between C-1 and C-14 to an alkane (analog I) decreased the anti-adhesive effect by 2.5–4 fold, while substitution of ketone by hydroxyl (analog G) at the C-2 position caused an 11-fold decrease in the anti-adhesive effect. Substitution of the alkyne moiety between C-3 and C-4 by an alkene (B and E) or alkane (D) blocked completely the anti-adhesive effect. Analogs A and I completely blocked superoxide release from eosinophils caused by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or PAF and LTC 4 -release caused by fMLP plus cytochalasin B. Change of the alkyne moiety between C-3 and C-4 to an alkene (B and E) or alkane (D) blocked completely these inhibitory effects of phomactin. Analog A decreased the maximal binding of [ 3 H]PAF binding to eosinophils without change of the apparent dissociation constant. We conclude that phomactin analogs are specific non-competitive PAF antagonists and have exceptional efficacy in inhibiting adhesion, metabolic activity and leukotriene secretion in human eosinophils. We further define the structural alterations in the phomactin molecule that regulate its inhibitory functions.
Self-Images and Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence

Adolescents' self-perceptions (real and ideal), perceptions of their ideal date, and perceptions of stereotypic male and female smokers and nonsmokers were assessed. These perceptions were related to subjects' smoking status and to their intentions to smoke. Subjects who smoked differed from nonsmokers in having real self-concepts and ideal dates that more closely matched the stereotypic smoker. Most important, nonsmoking subjects who had self-concepts, ideal dates, and certain aspects of ideal selves that were close to the smoker stereotype were most likely to intend to smoke.