cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evidence for conserved longevity pathways between divergent eukaryotic species

Studies in invertebrate model organisms have been a driving force in aging research, leading to the identification of many genes that influence life span. Few of these genes have been examined in the context of mammalian aging, however, and it remains an open question as to whether and to what extent the pathways that modulate longevity are conserved across different eukaryotic species. Using a comparative functional genomics approach, we have performed the first quantitative analysis of the degree to which longevity genes are conserved between two highly divergent eukaryotic species, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report the replicative life span phenotypes for single-gene deletions of the yeast orthologs of worm aging genes. We find that 15% of these yeast deletions are long-lived. In contrast, only 3.4% of a random set of deletion mutants are long-lived-a statistically significant difference. These data suggest that genes that modulate aging have been conserved not only in sequence, but also in function, over a billion years of evolution. Among the longevity determining ortholog pairs, we note a substantial enrichment for genes involved in an evolutionarily conserved pathway linking nutrient sensing and protein translation. In addition, we have identified several conserved aging genes that may represent novel longevity pathways. Together, these findings indicate that the genetic component of life span determination is significantly conserved between divergent eukaryotic species, and suggest pathways that are likely to play a similar role in mammalian aging.
Neuropsychological testing and biomarkers in the management of brain metastases

Prognosis for patients with brain metastasis remains poor. Whole brain radiation therapy is the conventional treatment option; it can improve neurological symptoms, prevent and improve tumor associated neurocognitive decline, and prevents death from neurologic causes. In addition to whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, neurosurgery and chemotherapy also are used in the management of brain metastases. Radiosensitizers are now currently being investigated as potential treatment options. All of these treatment modalities carry a risk of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity that can lead to neurocognitive impairment in long term survivors. Neuropsychological testing and biomarkers are potential ways of measuring and better understanding CNS toxicity. These tools may help optimize current therapies and develop new treatments for these patients. This article will review the current management of brain metastases, summarize the data on the CNS effects associated with brain metastases and whole brain radiation therapy in these patients, discuss the use of neuropsychological tests as outcome measures in clinical trials evaluating treatments for brain metastases, and give an overview of the potential of biomarker development in brain metastases research.
Pulmonary Artery Catheters: An Update:

Pulmonary artery (PA) catheters are widely used in the care of the critically ill. Numerous catheter designs are available, and the list of indications for their use is con stantly expanding. Exten...
The mean metallicity - kinematics relation in high column density MgII absorbers and selection effects in DLA surveys

Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar spectroscopy is yielding a database of strong low-ionisation MgII absorbers over the redshift interval $0.36 which is over two orders of magnitude larger than anything previously assembled. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV spectroscopy has been used to measure neutral hydrogen column densities for a small subset of them. These data empirically show that MgII absorbers with rest equivalent widths $W^{\lambda2796}_0 \ge 0.6$ A have a mean neutral hydrogen column density that is roughly constant at $N(HI) \approx 4\times10^{20}$ atoms cm $^{-2}$ , with individual systems lying in the damped Ly $\alpha$ (DLA) and sub-DLA regimes. Since the MgII doublets generally exhibit saturation, the $W^{\lambda2796}_0$ values are an indication of the absorbers' velocity spreads. Thus, we can study neutral-gas-phase metallicities as a function of kinematics by forming SDSS composite spectra and measuring weak unsaturated metal lines that form in neutral gas (e.g., CrII, FeII, MnII, SiII, ZnII) as a function of $W^{\lambda2796}_0$ . We use this method on SDSS composite spectra to show how metallicity and kinematics are positively correlated for large- $N(HI)$ absorbers, including trends related to dust depletion and the enhancement of $\alpha$ -elements. We also discuss the need to account for selection effects in DLA surveys, and we make inferences about models for DLA absorption and their contribution to cosmic star formation.
Do Women and Men Differ in Their Neutralizations of Corporate Crime

Neutralization theory has commonly been used to understand the motivations of street offending, and recent studies have examined the use of neutralization techniques by corporate and white-collar offenders to account for their crimes. However, few researchers have explored whether this process is gendered. Using data from master of business administration (MBA) students, this study examines how gender influences intentions to inhibit or promote the sale of Panalba, a hypothetical pharmaceutical drug known to harm people, as well as how gender moderates the relationship between techniques of neutralization and corporate offending decisions. Results show that while there are bivariate gender differences in corporate offending decisions and in some of the techniques of neutralization, there are few gender differences in the effect of techniques of neutralization on corporate offending decisions. Directions for future research are highlighted.
Surgical treatment for osteochondritis dessicans of the knee

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a disease of the subchondral bone with secondary injury to the overlying articular cartilage. OCD lesions are generally categorized as juvenile-growth plates open-or adult-growth plates closed. This maturity-based classification scheme has a prognostic value in that many juvenile OCD lesions will heal with conservative care while most symptomatic adult OCD lesions need surgical intervention. OCD can result in pain, knee joint effusions, loose body formation, and arthritis. Short-term treatment goals include pain and symptom resolution while the long-term goal is to minimize arthritis. Surgical options include debridement, drilling, microfracture, reduction and fixation, autograft osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and allograft osteochondreal transplantation.
Coarse woody debris stocks as a function of forest type and stand age in Costa Rican tropical dry forest: long-lasting legacies of previous land use.

The ecological importance of trees lasts much longer than their life spans. Standing dead trees (snags) and fallen trunks and branches are an important component of above-ground carbon stocks and nutrient reserves, provide habitat for wildlife, and interact with disturbance regimes (e.g. by serving as fuel for fires) (Clark et al. 2002, Harmon et al. 1986, Pyle et al. 2008). Despite these diverse functions, woody debris stocks remain poorly quantified in tropical forests in general (Brown 1997), and in tropical dry forests in particular (Harmon et al. 1995). More empirical studies of the patterns of woody debris and processes that control its dynamics are needed to understand its role in global biogeochemical cycles and for ecosystem simulation models, many of which do not represent coarse woody debris (CWD) as a separate pool (Cornwell et al. 2009).
Interactions of highly charged colloidal cylinders with applications to double‐stranded DNA

This paper presents new applications of the McMillan-Mayer solution theory to dispersions of highly charged colloidal cylinders in monovalent salt solutions. The thermodynamic solution properties are given in terms of the virial expansions relating to a Donnan membrane equilibrium. General expressions are derived for the second Donnan pressure virial coefficient B2 and for the first two salt distribution coefficients A1 and A2. The effect of electric interactions is represented as an increased effective diameter dB or dA of the colloidal cylinder. This yields the simple excluded volume expressions B2 = πdBL2/4 and A1 = πdA2L/4 for hard cylinders of length L and diameter dB and dA, respectively. The coefficient A2 is derived from the dependence of B2 on the salt concentration. Computations are made for double-stranded DNA in sodium chloride solutions with the DNA model developed in the preceding paper: a uniformly charged cylinder, with size and charge consistent with transport experiments, and surrounded by a Gouy double layer. In 1–0.005M sodium chloride solutions dB is found to vary from 29 A to about 220 A, and dA from 30 A to about 170 A, with little sensitivity to the uncertainties in the kinetic diameter d ≈ 24 A and the experimental ζ potentials of DNA. Corresponding results predicted by the classical Donnan theory are 6–167 times too high for B2. Values of A2 are relatively small, in line with the expected rapid convergence of the virial expansion for the salt distribution. This is consistent with a phase transition from random to parallel orientation of the cylinders predicted first by Onsager for hard cylinders on the basis of B2, but not yet observed for DNA in simple salt solutions.
Graphical techniques in a spreadsheet for specifying user interfaces

underlying programming language. However, it is significantly easier to use, and provides many of the adMany modern user interface development environments vantages for graphics programming that financial spreaduse constraints to connect graphical objects. Constraints sheets provide for business. are relationships that are declared once and then maintained by the system. Often, systems provide graphical, iconic, or C32 is different from previous spreadsheet systems for user demonstrational techniques for specifying some coninterface construction because it uses a wide array of visual straints, but these are incapable of expressing all desired and inferencing techniques so the user does not have to relationships, and it is always necessary to allow the user write the entire constraint by hand. In particular: interface designer to write code to specify complex constraints. The spreadsheet interface described here, called • C32 automatically generates appropriate references to C32, provides the programmer with the full power of writgraphical objects when the user clicks on the object in a ing constraint code in the underlying programming lanuser interface window. guage, but it is significantly easier to use. Unlike other • It uses demonstrational techniques to guess which spreadsheets tools for graphics, C32 automatically properties of objects should be used, generates appropriate object references from mouse clicks • It guesses how to parameterize constraints when they are in graphics windows and uses inferencing and demonstracopied from one place to another or generalized into tional techniques to make constructing and copying conprocedures, so abstract and reusable constraints can be straints easier. In addition, C32 also supports monitoring constructed by example. and debugging interfaces by watching values in the spread• It incorporates graphical techniques to help trace and sheet while the user interface is running. debug constraints. • It is integrated with an existing prototype-instance sys
Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of peripheral nerves during external fixation for limb lengthening and correction of deformity in children

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 306 procedures on 233 patients, with a mean age of 12 years (1 to 21), in order to evaluate the use of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring for the early detection of nerve compromise during external fixation procedures for limb lengthening and correction of deformity. Significant SSEP changes were identified during 58 procedures (19%). In 32 instances (10.5%) the changes were transient, and resolved once the surgical cause had been removed. The remaining 26 (8.5%) were analysed in two groups, depending on whether or not corrective action had been performed in response to critical changes in the SSEP recordings. In 16 cases in which no corrective action was taken, 13 (81.2%, 4.2% overall) developed a post-operative neurological deficit, six of which were permanent and seven temporary, persisting for five to 18 months. In the ten procedures in which corrective action was taken, four patients (40%, 1.3% overall) had a temporary (one to eight months) post-operative neuropathy and six had no deficit. After appropriate intervention in response to SSEP changes, the incidence and severity of neurological deficits were significantly reduced, with no cases of permanent neuropathy. SSEP monitoring showed 100% sensitivity and 91% specificity for the detection of nerve injury during external fixation. It is an excellent diagnostic technique for identifying nerve lesions when they are still highly reversible.
Universal therapeutic targeting of age-related protein quality control system dysfunction in chronic diseases?

Aging is inevitable. Aging constitutes a principal risk factor for most, if not all chronic disorders including heart disease. Although the rate and degree to which a person ages is a reflection of their genetics, family history, environment, and life style, ultimately the age-related underlying proteomic changes occur that widely affect all aspects of cell physiology. There still lacks a complete mechanistic understanding of how aging alters the proteome. Even so, numerous pathways and processes involved in aging have been implicated including age-related dysfunction of the protein quality control (PQC) processes. PQC is ubiquitous and occurs in all cell types. PQC is an assembly of a number of cellular processes that are responsible for the maintenance of the proteome integrity at the organelle, cell, and tissue level. Dr. Brundel and coauthors in their paper entitled “Reviving the protein quality control system: therapeutic target for cardiac disease in the elderly” in this issue of the Journal propose that PQC dysfunction is at the root of the aging cardiac phenotype and thus, could be a therapeutic target [1]. Therapeutic intervention can take place at any point within PQC network, at a specific molecular chaperone or at one of the numerous protein degradation processes. Dysregulation of any part of the PQC network can result in protein misfolding, oligomerization, and aggregation which themselves can be toxic but also can affect organelles leading to broad cellular dysfunction. Chaperones including heat-shock proteins, are a key component of the PQC, and assist in the
Peroxynitrite-dependent activation of protein phosphatase type 2A mediates microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction.

Aims We investigated the mechanism by which proinflammatory stimulation induces microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction. Since protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) can mediate paracellular leak and can be inactivated by tyrosine phosphorylation in its catalytic subunit (PP2Ac), we hypothesized that microvascular endothelial cells exposed to proinflammatory stimulation produce peroxynitrite that nitrates PP2Ac, and this nitration inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of PP2Ac and thereby increases PP2A activity to mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. Methods and results Exposure of mouse skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cell monolayers to a proinflammatory stimulus [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)γ] increased permeability to albumin, and this barrier dysfunction was attenuated by PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid or by siRNA (small interfering ribonucleic acid) against PP2Ac. LPS + IFNγ increased synthesis of peroxynitrite precursors nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase, respectively. PP2Ac immunoprecipitates isolated from LPS + IFNγ- or peroxynitrite-treated cells showed increased tyrosine nitration, decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and increased phosphatase activity. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunoprecipitates from LPS + IFNγ-stimulated cells also exhibited increased PP2A activity. Further, iNOS inhibitor 1400W, iNOS deficiency, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or p47phox deficiency prevented the increase in PP2A activity and preserved barrier function. Conclusion LPS + IFNγ stimulates endothelial cells to produce iNOS-derived NO and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, which form peroxynitrite that nitrates tyrosine residues in PP2Ac and inhibits their phosphorylation. This nitration in PP2Ac is correlated with PP2A activation that mediates endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Impact of Prevailing Wages on the Cost among the Various Construction Trades

In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the construction contractors from paying prevailing wages on these projects on the hypothesis that this exemption would lower the construction cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate this hypothesis through the statistical analysis of 8,093 bids received from the years 2000 through 2007 for the schools' construction. Union contractors who paid their workers union wages and non-union contractors who did not pay prevailing wages bid these projects. The hypothesis, that prevailing wage laws increased the construction cost, was tested by comparing the bids/ SF (square foot) from both groups (union and nonunion) for the different construction trades. The study indicated that there was statistical significant difference between the bids/square foot for union contractors and the bids/square foot for non-union contractors for only the following trades: earthwork, existing conditions, plumbing, electrical and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). The averages of bids/SF from the union contractors were higher than those from the non-union contractors for earthwork, existing conditions and plumbing works, and the opposite for electrical and HVAC works. There was no statistical significant difference in the bids from the communications, concrete, conveying equipment, electronic safety and security, equipment, finishes, fire suppression, furnishings, masonry, openings, structural steel, thermal and moisture protection, plastics and composites and wood works.
Addressing the shortage of school psychologists: Introduction

This article provides an overview of the special issue of Psychology in the Schools that addresses the shortage of school psychologists. A historical perspective is provided that sets the stage for exploring the current and future issues related to the shortage. Projections regarding the specific number of openings, where the shortages may occur, and implications for the future practice of school psychology also are provided. The issues surrounding respecialization are explored. Specific articles in the special issue addressing the disproportionately low number of minorities, the shortage of academic school psychologists, and the need for increasing the Board Certified School Psychologists also are discussed. Generally, all of the authors focus on the continued need to provide quality mental health services to children within the school setting while addressing growing personnel shortages in the coming years. School psychology as a profession must act quickly if it is to continue to provide high-quality mental health services within the school setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 411–413, 2004.
Reliability of Sonar Fetal Cephalometry in the Estimation of Gestational Age and in the Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Retardation

The reliability of sonar biparietal diameter measurements and the assessment of the sources of potential error are of great importance in the estimation of gestational age and in the diagnosis of fetal growth retardation. The following study was undertaken to ascertain the reproducibility of several successive steps in the measurement of the biparietal diameter and to compare intrauterine sonar measurements with direct caliper measurements after abortion of delivery. Tables were developed from these data from which it can be ascertained if a growth rate found during a specific period in gestation is above or below the mean or below the tenth, fifth or first percentile.
Transmission reach doubling enabled by transmitter-side digital back propagation and frequency referenced carriers

A 100% reach extension in a coherent Wavelength Division Multiplexing link is demonstrated relying on transmitter-side full-field Digital Back-Propagation and frequency referenced carriers. Transmission reach is extended from 1445 km to 2890 km for a 4-channel 16 GBaud 16-QAM system.
Modeling of Curved Boundaries in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method using a Lagrangian Approach

We present a Lagrangian approach for increasing the accuracy of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method in modeling electromagnetic wave interactions in geometries involving curved boundaries. The methodology provides for a mapping of the physical computational domain onto a reference domain with all its boundaries parallel to a Cartesian coordinate system. The Lagrangian formulation offers a convenient way to define a modified set of Maxwell’s equations on the reference domain. This modified set of equations is then discretized using the staggered Cartesian grids of the Yee’s lattice. The attributes of the method are demonstrated through its application to the calculation of the eigenfrequencies of a two-dimensional metallic resonator and the transmission properties of a two-dimensional periodic structure.
Role of Calmodulin in the Regulation of Neuronal Function

Calcium and cyclic nucleotides have long been recognized to act as second messengers operative in the amplification of extracellular signals controlling cellular responses in eucaryotic cells.1 The mode by which the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration is coupled to cellular regulatory mechanisms has been elucidated by the discovery of structurally related proteins that possess high-affinity binding sites for Ca2+.2 Among this group of proteins, only calmodulin (CaM) has a broad distribution within the cell and throughout different tissues and species.3 Moreover, in the nervous system CaM has been found in both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements. The ability of CaM to bind Ca2+ and subsequently to interact with a large number of enzymes and proteins has established a pivotal role of this regulatory protein in neuronal function.
Southern ocean–sea-ice interaction: implications for climate and modelling

The ocean/sea-ice interaction of the Antarctic open ocean region is described through a one-dimensional model. The model includes processes responsible for maintaining stability in this marginally stable region and reveals the importance of the various processes controlling deep water formation/ventilation and sea-ice thickness and their sensitivity to climate change. This information is used to estimate changes, as they impact water column stability, induced by glacial conditions. Increased stability is conducive to greater ice cover and less deep water formation/ventilation; decreased stability conducive to the opposite.Sensitivity studies show that the system is destabilised given: (1) shallowing of the pycnocline (induced by increased gyre vigor); (2) decrease in the ratio of heat to salt through the pycnocline (induced by introducing a colder and/or saltier deep water or by increasing the salinity of the surface water); (3) decreased pycnocline strength (induced by a fresher deep water or saltier surface water) and (4) increased atmospheric heat loss. Most of the assumed glacial conditions drive the system toward destabilisation, but the critical effect of changes in NADW characteristics depends strongly on the temperature and salinity of the replacement water. The importance of this deep water influence is evident today—as little as 3Wm−2 in the upper ocean heat balance or an additional 15 cm of ice growth is sufficient to overturn the water column in some regions.
POLYPOID LESIONS OF THE COLON.

At the present time, unless the surgeon does his own endoscopy, the management of polypoid diseases of the colon must remain a joint responsibility of the radiologist, endoscopist, and surgeon. Generally a single pedunculated polyp or a few similar polyps scattered in separate sections of the colon are removed by colonoscopic polypectomy. Small sessile polyps may also be treated in this fashion. Patients with large sessile polyps, familial or multiple polyposis, and cancer developing in a polyp are candidates for operation. In some instances a single polyp is for some reason inaccessible to the colonoscope and removal by surgical means is necessary.
A Discussion on the Properties of Muds Treated with Hollow Glass Spheres Light Weight Agent

This paper discusses the influences of hollow glass spheres on the density,rheology,lubricity and stability of drilling fluids,and the strength and recycling of the glass beads.Addition of hollow glass spheres into drilling fluids reduces the density of the mud which still has an acceptable rheology.Drilling fluids treated with hollow glass spheres have good lubricity and stability.Moreover,the glass spheres can be re-used for several times thus reducing the mud costs.
Do You Need Cognitive Neuroscience to Understand Religious Cognition, Experience and Texts?

In this article I review “Ritual Mourning in Daniel’s Interpretation of Jeremiah’s Prophecy” by Angela Kim Harkins; “Tours of Heaven in Light of the Neuroscientific Study of Religious Experience” by Istvan Czachesz; “(Religious) Language and the Decentering Process: McNamara and De Sublimitate on the Ecstatic Effect of Language” by Christopher T. Holmes. I present an argument that we need neuroscience in order to understand religious cognition as it occurs today and as it was presented in these ancient religious texts. The reason neuroscience is not merely an optional item in the toolbox but absolutely necessary is because religious cognition is characterized by decentering and decentering cannot be understood in the absence of reference to its brain mechanisms. Decentering crucially involves a four-step process whose steps are united not by any inherent logic but rather by the brain processes that produced them in the first place.
Generic and Specific Numeral Classifier Input and its Relation to Children’s Classifier and Number Learning

Author(s): Atagi, N; Sandhofer, CM | Abstract: In Japanese, numeral classifiers-or measure words-co-occur with numbers in counting phrases. The present study characterized parent numeral classifier use and its relation to children's classifier acquisition and number learning. Twenty-four Japanese-speaking parents and their two- to six-year-old children viewed and talked about two wordless picture books about counting to each other. Children also participated in a Counting task and Give-N task. Results revealed (1) parents' classifier use changed in relation to children's age and classifier use, and (2) parents' increased use of specific classifiers was uniquely associated with children's number understanding. These results suggest that aspects of children's language and numerical development are related to parents' language input, demonstrating the importance of examining the relation between language and cognition in a developmental context.
Differential DNA methylation analysis optimally requires purified cell populations.

Because each cell type has a unique epigenome to help provide cell specificity, the use of a mixed cell population in the analysis of DNA methylation is a reflection of all cell types present. Therefore, changes in cell population number or composition can suggest differential DNA methylation that is not due to alterations in DNA methylation. The analysis of differential DNA methylation optimally requires the use of purified cell populations.
Binary image classification using a neurosynaptic processor: A trade-off analysis

This paper examines the performance of two power efficient hardware implementations using deep neural networks to perform a simple image classification task. We provide the first ever examination of the accuracy-energy trade-offs of deep neural networks running on both an embedded GPU, and a neuromorphic processor. IBM's TrueNorth is a brain-inspired event-driven neuromorphic processor. It was designed to be scalable and to consume extremely low amounts of power. NVIDIA's Tegra K1 SoC is a mobile processor also designed with low power and a small footprint in mind. While these two chips were designed with similar constraints, the resulting architectures and performance trade-offs achieved are significantly different. On our simple image classification task Convolutional Neural Networks utilizing the Tegra K1 SoC achieve up to 89 % accuracy with a normalized accuracy per active energy, ||Acc||/EA, score of up to 24.22 on our test dataset, while Tea Networks running on the TrueNorth processor achieve less accuracy at 82%, but a better accuracy-energy trade-off with a ||Acc||/EA score of up to 158.49.
Large system analysis for densification of cellular networks with massive MIMO

In this paper, we investigate the impact of massive MIMO and distributed precoding on the performance of densified cellular networks via large system analysis. Based on the fact that the network rate performance of the cellular networks is scale invariant with reduced cell size, we want to find out if the interference of large scale dense cellular networks can be alleviated by the use of large scale antennas. We first derive the deterministic approximation of the users' SINR based on random matrix theory and show that the sum rate grows logarithmically with the number of transmit antennas in the base stations and the sum rate saturates quickly when the SNR increases even with very large number of antennas. To overcome the performance ceiling, a large system analysis of precoding with local channel state information under the framework of virtual signal to interference plus noise ratio (VSINR) is presented. The asymptotic results show that the VSINR precoding is also interference limited in high SNR. While as a special case, the limiting VSINR precoding can make the sum rate grow linearly with SNR in dB. We conclude that by combining large scale antennas and distributed precoding, we can efficiently tap the potential of large scale dense cellular networks without much network coordination.
Does the morphology of high-frequency (100–500 Hz) brain oscillations change during epileptic seizures?

Transient high-frequency (100–500 Hz) oscillations (HFOs) recorded directly from the surface of the human brain are emerging as a potential biomarker for epileptogenic brain tissue. Whether the morphology of these events can be used to understand the process of seizure generation is unknown. In this experiment, we used supervised learning techniques in an attempt to distinguish HFOs occurring during versus outside of seizures in five patients implanted with intracranial micro-and macroelectrodes as part of routine evaluation for epilepsy surgery. We trained three classifiers using logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines, respectively, and assessed their performance using the F1 measure in conjunction with permutation testing. All of the classifiers produced a low number of true positives relative to false positives and false negatives, but two of the classifiers performed slightly better than chance in certain patients. These results suggest that ictal HFOs are difficult to distinguish from those occurring interictally, and that a marked change in HFO morphology is not likely to be associated with seizure generation.
Homeless Veterans’ Use of Peer Mentors and Effects on Costs and Utilization in VA Clinics

Objectives:The study compared health care utilization and costs among homeless veterans randomly assigned to peer mentors or usual care and described contacts with peer mentors.Methods:Homeless patients at four Department of Veterans Affairs clinics were randomly assigned to a peer mentor (N=195) or to usual care (N=180). Administrative data on utilization and costs over a six-month follow-up were combined with peer mentors’ reports of patient contacts.Results:Most patients (87%) in the peer mentor group had at least one peer contact. Patients in this group spent the largest proportions of time discussing housing and health issues with peer mentors and had more outpatient encounters than those in usual care, although differences were not significant. No other between-group differences were found in utilization or costs.Conclusions:Although significant impacts of peer mentors on health care patterns or costs were not detected, some patients had frequent contact with peer mentors.
Local Volume Fraction Fluctuations

One of the most important morphological descriptors of heterogeneous materials is the volume fraction of the phases or, in the case of porous media, the porosity (i.e., the volume fraction of the fluid phase). Although the volume fraction is constant for statistically homogeneous media, on a spatially local level it fluctuates. An interesting question is the following: How does the “local” volume fraction fluctuate about its average value? The answer to this query has relevance to a number of problems, including scattering by heterogeneous media (Debye et al. 1957), the study of noise and granularity of photographic images (O’Neill 1963, Bayer 1964, Lu and Torquato 1990c), transport through porous media (Hilfer 1991, Hilfer 1996), mechanical properties of composites (Ostoja-Starzewski 1993), the properties of organic coatings (Fishman, Kurtze and Bierwagen 1992), and the fracture of composites (Botsis, Beldica and Zhao 1994, Torquato 2000a). It is actually in the context of photographic science that this question of local volume fraction fluctuations was first probed, and here primarily for simple two-dimensional models of photographic emulsions that do not account for impenetrability of the grains (O’Neill 1963, Bayer 1964).
Against ‘teaching excellence’: ideology, commodification, and enabling the neoliberalization of postsecondary education

ABSTRACTIn this article, the notion of excellence in relation to teaching is removed from its privileged place in order to render it, and its implications, for analysis. We argue that teaching excellence needs to be understood in the larger context of the neoliberal university in which competition is taken for granted, and therefore, metrics for comparison are evermore necessary. Following this argument, we explore excellence as an instrument of neoliberal ideology in higher education. We explore different manifestations of teaching excellence enacted in policies that that are illustrative of five different countries. Implications for further analysis, and for resistance to the expansion of neoliberal ideology through teaching excellence, are presented.
Variations of the Greenberg unrelated question binary model

We explore different variations of the Greenberg Unrelated Question RRT model for a binary response (yes or no). In one variation, we allow m independent responses from each respondent. In another variation, we use inverse sampling where we record the number of responses leading up to the kth "yes" response. It turns out that for m > 1, the variance (theoretical and empirical) of the multiple independent response model decreases significantly relative to the regular Greenberg et al. (1969) model (m = 1). Furthermore, it was also noticed that for k > 1, the variance (theoretical and empirical) of the inverse sampling model decreases significantly as well relative to the inverse sampling model for k = 1. Thus, it turns out that both variations produce more efficient models. These results have been validated by theoretical comparisons, extensive computer simulations, and a field survey.
An Analysis of Total Lightning Flash Rates Over Florida

Although Florida is known as the "Sunshine State", it also contains the greatest lightning flash densities in the United States. Flash density has received considerable attention in the literature, but lightning flash rate has received much less attention. We use data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) to produce a 5 yr (2010-2014) set of statistics regarding total flash rates over Florida and adjacent regions. Instead of tracking individual storms, we superimpose a 0.2o × 0.2o grid over the study region and count both cloud-to-ground (CG) and in-cloud (IC) flashes over 5-min intervals. Results show that the distribution of total flash rates is highly skewed toward small values, whereas the greatest rate is ~185 flashes min-1. Greatest average annual flash rates (~3 flashes min-1) are located near Orlando. The southernmost peninsula, North Florida, and the Florida Panhandle exhibit smaller average annual flash rates (~1.5 flashes min-1) . Large flash rates >~ 100 flashes min-1 can occur during any season, at any time during the 24 h period, and at any location within the domain. However, they are most likely during the afternoon and early evening in East Central Florida during the spring and summer months.
The group of self-homotopy equivalences - a survey

If X is an object in a category ¢, then let Eq(X) denote the set of morphisms f : X --~ X which are equivalences, i.e., there is a morphism g : X ~ X with f o g = I x and g o f = Ix. Composition of morphisms gives Eq(X) the structure of a group, called the group of self equivalences of X, with the identity morphism the unit of the group. For many categories the group of equivalences is a familiar and well-studied object. For example, if C is the category of groups, Eq(G) is Aut G, the automorphism group of G, if C is the category of topological spaces, Eq(X) is Homeo(X), the homeomorphism group of X, if C is the category of C°°-manifolds, Eq(M) is Diffeo(M), the diffeomorphism group of M, if C is the category of Riemannian manifolds, Eq(M) is Isom(M), the group of isometrics of M, and so on. The category frequently studied in algebraic topology is ffh ' the category whose objects are topological spaces with base point and whose morphisms are based homolopy classes of based maps. For this category the group of equivalences of X is denoted $(X) and called the group (of homotopy classes) of self-hornotopy equivalences of X. Thus $(X) is the analogue for the homotopy category of the automorphism group of a group, the homeomorphism group of a space, etc., and therefore can be regarded as a kind of homotopy symmetry group of a space. In this paper we give a survey of known results on $(X).
Health Care Delivery and Reproductive Health

Since the turn of the century, the health care delivery system has promoted prenatal care as the single most important way to manage pregnancy and prevent poor pregnancy outcomes (Wilcox and Marks, 1994). Extensive studies have verified a relationship between prenatal care service and birth outcome: adequate care is associated with improved outcomes and inadequate care is associated with poor outcomes, including infant mortality.
Introduction and historical context for the archaeology of institutions of reform. part 1: asylums.

This introduction discusses the western cultural context that connects the following three articles of site-specific research on the Adelaide Destitute Asylum in South Australia, the Ross Female Factory (prison) in Tasmania and the Magdalen Asylum in Philadelphia. These institutions are a few of the many types of nineteenth century asylums and prisons. Although some research issues are raised the purpose of this introduction is to provide a general historical context for the different research designs which are presented in the articles. While this introduction provides a largely ungendered historical background from ungendered sources, the companion feminist commentary following the articles addresses the gendered historical context and the feminist issues in the articles.
L2C Guinea pig lymphatic leukemia: a "B" cell leukemia.

Lymphoid cells of the immune system can be divided into two functional compartments. The thymus derived population, "T" cells, is responsible for cell mediated immunity. The bone marrow derived population, "B" cells, is responsible for antibody production. Although these two populations are functionally different, it has not yet been possible to distinguish them morphologically. Recent experimental work in the mouse has shown that the B cells bear easily detectable immunoglobulin. The T cells can be distinguished by the isoantigen, theta. The B or T cell origin of the lymphocytes of human or animal leukemia has received little attention. In the present study, we have examined the functional and morphologic properties of a guinea pig lymphatic leukemia L2C. L2C cells secrete T2 immunoglobulin and also bear this immunoglobulin on their surface. L2C cells have the recently described lymphocyte receptor for antigen-antibody-complement complexes (found on normal B lymphocytes). Finally, the L2C cell fails to be stimulated in vitro by mitogens capable of stimulating thymus-derived lymphocytes. Thus, the L2C cell appears to be of B lymphocyte origin. The availability of a large number of pure B lymphoid cells will provide a useful tool for the study of the cellular receptors of lymphoid cells and for the preparation of antisera specific for the T cell and B cell populations. The application of the techniques described in this paper to classify other lymphoid neoplasms as to their T or B cell origin may lead to both theoretic and therapeutic advances.
Study of stress‐hardening and fatigue of polymer coatings in marring with a scanning probe microscope

We have used a scanning probe microscope with a custom‐made diamond tip to mar a crosslinked polymeric coating surface with an increasing number of scrapings at a fixed normal force in the same channel. The depth of ditches was measured, and the morphology at the bottom of the ditches was examined after each scraping. It provides a direct experimental evidence for stress‐hardening and surface fatigue of a polymeric coating on the sub‐micron scale when it undergoes marring.
Parameter Identification and Maximum Power Estimation of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Cramer–Rao Bound Analysis

This paper presents the analysis, design, and experimental validation of parameter identification of battery/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for the purpose of condition monitoring and maximum power estimation. The analytic bounds on the error of battery and SC parameter identification, considering voltage measurement noise, are obtained based on the Fisher information matrix and Cramer–Rao bound analysis. The identification of different parameters requires different signal patterns to ensure high accuracy, rendering tradeoffs in the multiparameter identification process. With an appropriately designed current profile, HESS parameters are identified using recursive least squares with a forgetting factor. The identified parameters are then used to estimate the maximum power capability of the HESS. The maximum power capabilities of the battery and SC are estimated for both 1 and 30 s time horizons. The parameter identification algorithm can be applied to systems including either batteries or SCs when the optimal excitation current can be injected. Experimental validation is conducted on an HESS test-bed, which shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in estimating the HESS maximum power based on appropriate current excitation.
Racial Threat, Social (Dis)organization, and the Ecology of Police: Towards a Macro-level Understanding of Police Use-of-force in Communities of Color

In this paper, we examine use-of-force incidents as neighborhood processes to understand how rates and levels of use-of-force vary across New York City. We suggest that there are two distinct outco...
Theorizing Qualitative Interviews: Two Autoethnographic Reconstructions.

The present study takes a reflexive approach to the analysis of coordinated identity work in qualitative interviews in 2 study abroad (SA) contexts, Argentina and Germany. To do this, the authors bring together 2 autoethnographic projects and take a collaborative approach (Chang, Ngunjiri, Lapadat, 2017) to the analysis of semi-structured interviews and identity memos (Maxwell, 2013) collected in their respective SA contexts. The results of an interactionally grounded analysis show that cross-sectionally, in qualitative interviews with SA students, different facets of one researcher's national identity became relevant and were contested, affecting how she approached this topic and her participants across multiple interviews. The results also show that longitudinally, in qualitative interviews with 1 SA student over time, different facets of the other researcher's professional identity became relevant and affected how she approached particular topics with her participant over time. The findings reveal that researcher identity work and the co-constructed nature of interviews result in qualitatively different interview data (e.g., in terms of elaboration, openness, and language use) made available for analysis.
Cells to Surgery Quiz: January 2016.

Editorial note: Welcome to the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (JID) Cells to Surgery Quiz. In this monthly online-only quiz, the first question (“What is your diagnosis?”) relates to the clinical image found below, while additional questions concern the findings reported in a JID article that provides new information about that disease entity. The quiz questions may be found in the menu bar on the right-hand side of this page. A list of references relevant to the quiz follows the image. Based on the article by Lo, et al. (doi:10.1038/jid.2015.399)
Measuring Information System Project Success through a Software-Assisted Qualitative Content Analysis

Information System (IS)/IT project success is a growing interest in management due to its high impact on organizational change and effectiveness. Libraries have been adopting integrated library systems (ILS) to manage services and resources for years. It is essential for librarians to understand the mechanism of IS project management in order to successfully bring technology innovation to the organization. This study develops a theoretical model of measuring IS project success and tests it in an ILS merger project through a software-assisted qualitative content analysis. The model addresses project success through three constructs: (1) project management process, (2) project outcomes, and (3) contextual factors. The results indicate project management success alone cannot guarantee project success; project outputs and contextual factors also influence success through the leadership of the project manager throughout the lifecycle. The study not only confirms the proposed model in a post-project evaluation, but also signifies that project assessment can reinforce organizational learning, increase the chance of achieving success, and maximize overall returns for an organization. The qualitative content analysis with NVivo 11 has provided a new research method for project managers to self-assess an IS/IT project success systematically and learn from their experiences throughout the project lifecycle.