cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired Sleep in Alcohol Misusers and Dependent Alcoholics and the Impact Upon Outcome

Background: There is very little work that has investigated the self-reported sleep status of alcohol misusers. This study addressed that imbalance. Methods: The study consisted of two parts: 1) the outpatient study, a sample of DSM-IV alcohol-dependent subjects who were referred to an outpatient clinic and were given a series of questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and 2) the inpatient study, a group of DSM-IV alcohol-dependent subjects whose sleep was assessed by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) sleep subscore at the start of the study and again at the 12-week follow-up. Both the PSQI and NHP are self-report indices whereby higher scores indicate a poor sleep quality. Results: In the outpatient study, the PSQI scores were significantly higher in the alcoholics (n= 31) compared with the controls (n= 49). There were no differences in the PSQI scores among mildly (n= 11), moderately (n= 10), and severely (n= 11) dependent drinkers. The PSQI total scores correlated with the Beck Depression Index but not with severity of dependence or alcohol problem scores. Sleep latency emerged as the most significant predictor of relapse, and sleeping badly was associated with poor outcome at the 12-week follow-up in the inpatient study. Conclusion: Self-reported sleep disturbance can provide clinicians with information to plan better treatment for alcohol misusers.
Gliders Measure Western Boundary Current Transport from the South Pacific to the Equator

Abstract“Spray” gliders, most launched from small boats near shore, have established a sustainable time series of equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea. The first 3.5 years (mid-2007 through 2010) are analyzed. Coast-to-coast equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea fluctuates around a value of 15 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) with variations approaching ±15 Sv. Transport variability is well correlated with El Nino indices like Nino-3.4, with strong equatorward flow during one El Nino and weak flow during two La Ninas. Mean transport is centered in an undercurrent focused in the western boundary current; variability has a two-layer structure with layers separated near 250 m (near the core of the undercurrent) that fluctuate independently. The largest variations are in midbasin, confined to the upper layer, and are well correlated with ENSO. Analysis of velocity and salinity on isopycnals shows that the western boundary current within the Solomon Sea consists of a deep core coming from the Coral Sea ...
Results of delayed follow-up imaging in traumatic brain injury

OBJECT There is a paucity of scientific evidence available about the benefits of outpatient follow-up imaging for traumatic brain injury patients. In this study, 1 year of consecutive patients at a Level 1 trauma center were analyzed to determine if there is any benefit to routinely obtaining CT of the head at the outpatient follow-up visit. METHODS This single-institution retrospective review was performed on all patients with a traumatic brain injury seen at a Level 1 trauma center in 2013. Demographic data, types of injuries, surgical interventions, radiographic imaging in inpatient and outpatient settings, and outcomes were assessed through a review of the institution’s trauma registry, patient charts, and imaging. RESULTS Five hundred twenty-five patients were seen for traumatic brain injury in 2013 at Regional One Health in Memphis, Tennessee. One hundred eighty-five patients (35%) presented for outpatient follow-up, all with CT scans of the head. Seven of these patients (4%) showed worsening of the...
Correlates of Past-Year Mental Health Service Use Among Latinos: Results From the National Latino and Asian American Study

Objectives. We examined correlates and rates of past-year mental health service use in a national sample of Latinos residing in the United States.Methods. We used data from the National Latino and Asian American Study, a national epidemiological household survey of Latinos.Results. Cultural factors such as nativity, language, age at migration, years of residence in the United States, and generational status were associated with whether or not Latinos had used mental health services. However, when the analysis was stratified according to past-year psychiatric diagnoses, these associations held only among those who did not fulfill criteria for any of the psychiatric disorders assessed. Rates of mental health service use among those who did not fulfill diagnostic criteria were higher among Puerto Ricans and US-born Latinos than among non–Puerto Ricans and foreign-born Latinos.Conclusions. Rates of mental health service use among Latinos appear to have increased substantially over the past decade relative to ...
Do No Harm: A Cross-Disciplinary, Cross-Cultural Climate Ethics

Anthropogenic climate change has become a hot button issue in the scientific, economic, political, and ethical sectors. While the science behind climate change is clear, responses in the economic and political realms have been unfulfilling. On the economic front, companies have marketed themselves as pioneers in the quest to go green while simultaneously engaging in environmentally destructive practices and on the political front, politicians have failed to make any significant global progress. I argue that climate change needs to be framed as an ethical issue to make serious progress towards the path to a sustainable human civilization. In an effort to motivate the urgency needed to confront climate change, I argue that climate change seriously affects human beings living here and now, and if one cares about unnecessarily harming fellow innocent living human beings, then one should care about one’s own environmental impact related to climate change. Since this argument does not depend upon any specific philosophical, religious, or ethical tradition but applies regardless of one’s particular background, I hope to induce genuine concern among all human beings regarding this issue.
Surface pressure fluctuations in a separating turbulent boundary layer

A novel, microphone-employing technique for the measurement of pressure fluctuations through pinhole apertures in the flow surface is used in the present study of separating boundary layer pressure fluctuation spectra and wavespeeds. The rms of the surface pressure fluctuation increases monotonically through the adverse-pressure gradient attached flow region and the detached flow zone. A correlation of the detached flow data is given which is derived from velocity and length scales of the separated flow. The celerity of the surface pressure fluctuations for the attached flow increases with frequency to a maximum, and the streamwise coherence decreases drastically after the begining of flow reversal.
Thermal studies of new precursors to indium-tin oxides for use as sensor materials in the detection of NOx

Control of combustion product emissions in both sub and super-sonic jet engines can be facilitated by measurement of NO(x) levels with metal oxide sensors, In2O3, metal-doped SnO2, and SnO, (as well as other materials) show resistivity changes in the presence of NO(x), but often their sensitivity, stability, and selectivity are low. This study was designed to develop new synthetic pathways to precursors that produce high purity, two phase In2O3-SnO2. The precursors were formed by complexation of tin with any oxide ligands to give the ammonium salt (NH4). Thermal studies of these precursors were carried out by thermal gravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were also conducted.
State-Sponsored Research on Creatine Supplements and Blood Doping in Elite Soviet Sport

The former Soviet Union began participating in international sport after World War II and soon achieved a dominant position in the Olympic Games and other competitions. The success of Soviet athletic programs led to charges of unfair practices but, because of secrecy surrounding Soviet research in exercise biochemistry, it has been difficult to substantiate these charges. This article presents previously restricted information regarding the development and use of creatine supplements and blood doping in the USSR. Early work by Olexander Palladin established the role of creatine in muscle function. In the 1970s, Soviet scientists showed that oral creatine supplements improved athletic performance in short, intense activities such as sprints. Subsequent studies in the West substantiated these investigations and have led to the widespread acceptance and use of creatine supplements to enhance muscle function and athletic performance. In addition, however, the Soviet government supported the development of blood doping, which is banned by the International Olympic Com- mittee. Blood doping was pervasive in the USSR in the 1970s and 1980s, and was used by many Soviet athletes in the 1976 and 1980 Olympic Games. Open publication and discussion may help to prevent the abuses that can come from secret scientific research.
Shining a Light on Effective Teaching Best Practices: Survey Findings from Award-Winning Accounting Educators

ABSTRACT: This paper provides best practices evidence from a sample of accounting educators in the U.S. recognized formally for their teaching excellence. These teaching exemplars were surveyed and asked to list, in their own words and in ranked order of importance, “a minimum of three and up to five factors or qualities of your teaching that you believe have helped distinguish you as an effective teacher.” We received 453 responses to this question from our sample of 105 award-winning accounting educators. A content analysis of these responses suggests the following major characteristics of teaching effectiveness in accounting (in decreasing order of perceived importance): class session learning environment, student focus, preparation and organization, importance of the practice environment, passion and commitment to teaching (as a profession), and the design of the course learning environment. Response breakdowns suggest the existence of contextual effects: differences in importance ratings for selected...
The Significance of Education for Mortality Compression in the United States

Recent studies of old-age mortality trends assess whether longevity improvements over time are linked to increasing compression of mortality at advanced ages. The historical backdrop of these studies is the long-term improvement in a population's socioeconomic resources that fueled longevity gains. We extend this line of inquiry by examining whether socioeconomic differences in longevity within a population are accompanied by old-age mortality compression. Specifically, we document educational differences in longevity and mortality compression for older men and women in the United States. Drawing on the fundamental cause of disease framework, we hypothesize that both longevity and compression increase with higher levels of education and that women with the highest levels of education will exhibit the greatest degree of longevity and compression. Results based on the Health and Retirement Study and the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File confirm a strong educational gradient in both longevity and mortality compression. We also find that mortality is more compressed within educational groups among women than men. The results suggest that educational attainment in the United States maximizes life chances by delaying the biological aging process.
Joint and Long-Bone Gunshot Injuries

Gunshot wounds remain a major clinical problem, with the number of nonfatal gunshot wounds reported as 60,000 to 80,000 per year in the United States. Bone or joint injuries comprise a major portion of gunshot wound injuries. It is paramount for orthopaedic surgeons to be thorough in their treatment of patients with these injuries. Intra-articular injuries remain a source of significant clinical morbidity because of joint stiffness, arthritis, and the risk of infection. Treatment of long-bone fractures is a challenging clinical problem, and further studies are needed to investigate modern treatment methods. Lead toxicity is a potential risk for patients with gunshot injuries, particular for those with joint injuries. The clinician's recognition of the signs and symptoms of lead toxicity is important to achieve the best care for these patients.
IN DEFENSE OF CASE CONSULTATION: MAYBE “DEAD” SUPERVISION ISN'T DEAD AFTER ALL

Clinical supervision based on “raw data”—the supervisor having direct access to the therapy session via tape or live observation—has become a hallmark of family therapy training. Despite the many advantages of such an approach, it also has limitations. The case consultation approach to supervision provides a different perspective which complements raw data supervision and remedies some of the limitations of the raw data approach. This paper proposes four specific tasks that are best undertaken in case consultation sessions: understanding the “architecture” of therapy, helping trainees build theoretical models of change, understanding the clients'broader context, and understanding the student's broader context.
Cytogenetic studies in patients on imatinib.

Abstract With the introduction of imatinib (Gleevec) (formerly STI571) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the various diagnostic methods used to monitor patients must be re-evaluated. Conventional cytogenetics has been the established method for follow-up of patients treated with interferon-α (IFN-α), and the prognostic value of major and complete cytogenetic remission was demonstrated in a number of studies. In patients on imatinib, these endpoints will likely remain valid, although longer observation is required. Cytogenetic remission as a time-dependent variable may aid risk stratification early on. Clonal evolution, ie, the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, may provide important prognostic information as to the likely response to imatinib in all phases of CML but must be interpreted within the context of other disease characteristics. In some patients, clonal evolution is related to imatinib resistance. Information regarding the impact of specific types of additional cytogenetic abnormalities is still limited. Surprisingly, nonrandom karyotypic abnormalities have also been noted in the Ph-negative cells of some patients in cytogenetic remission. This is a novel phenomenon whose causality and prognostic implications require thorough and systematic evaluation. Semin Hematol 40(suppl 2):50-55. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Characterization of Silicon Detector Readout Electronics

Configuration and calibration of the front-end electronics typical of many silicon detector configurations were investigated in a lab activity based on a pair of strip sensors interfaced with FSSR2 read-out chips and an FPGA. This simple hardware configuration, originally developed for a telescope at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, was used to measure thresholds and noise on individual readout channels and to study the influence that different configurations of the front-end electronics had on the observed levels of noise in the system. An understanding of the calibration and operation of this small detector system provided an opportunity to explore the architecture of larger systems such as those currently in use at LHC experiments.
High-pressure injection injuries to the hand

High-pressure injection injuries of the hand can lead to devastating outcomes. Amputation rates as high as 48% have been reported. The authors review the history of high-pressure injection injuries, with attention to the materials injected, the clinical presentation of these injuries, emergency room and subsequent definitive surgical management of these injuries, the bacteriology and recommendations for antibiotic use in these injuries, and postoperative management.
Ralstonia eutropha H16 as a Platform for the Production of Biofuels, Biodegradable Plastics, and Fine Chemicals from Diverse Carbon Resources

Abstract Ralstonia eutropha is capable of utilizing a plethora of simple and complex carbon-containing compounds. Growth has been demonstrated on carbon dioxide, glycerol, acetate, mixed organic acids, sugars, fatty acids, oils, and more. R. eutropha possesses oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases, which allow the bacterium to grow in aerobic lithoautotrophic conditions. When experiencing nutrient stress in the presence of excess carbon, R. eutropha can store carbon and energy in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable and biocompatible plastic. Engineered R. eutropha strains are capable of producing PHAs with different chain lengths, resulting in different physical, biological, and chemical properties. These tailored PHAs, when depolymerized, can also serve as valuable chiral precursors for antibiotics, vitamins, perfumes, and pheromones. The native PHA carbon storage system can be genetically disabled and the carbon flux redirected to produce value-added chemicals such as biofuels and pharmaceuticals. Various strains of R. eutropha are also capable of bioremediation by breaking down phenol compounds and scavenging heavy metals in contaminated soils and water. Metabolic versatility and genetic tractability combined with its ability to convert a variety of carbon sources into storage molecules make R. eutropha an excellent platform organism for the production of value-added compounds.
Electrophysiological characteristics of sensory mechanisms in the kidney.

R2 chemoreceptors are excited by backflow of urine or isotonic KC1 into the renal pelvis, they do not respond to backflow of isotonic saline at the same intrapelvic pressure but are excited during periods of renal ischemia. R1 chemoreceptors are excited during complete renal ischemia but otherwise exhibit no activity. The responses of multiunit afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) to these stimuli in Sprague Dawley rats follow the same patterns exhibited by R2 chemoreceptors, and the data do not support the presence of mechanoreceptive nerves which are excited by increases in intrapelvic pressure in these animals. The responses of multiunit ARNA in SHR and WKY rats were not different from Sprague Dawley rats. In contrast, while the response of WKY rats during renal ischemia was not different from Sprague Dawley rats the excitation of SHR during ischemia was more than 10 fold greater than that of the normotensive animals.
Investigation of sialylation aberration in N-linked glycopeptides by lectin and tandem labeling (LTL) quantitative proteomics.

The accuracy in quantitative analysis of N-linked glycopeptides and glycosylation site mapping in cancer is critical to the fundamental question of whether the aberration is due to changes in the total concentration of glycoproteins or variations in the type of glycosylation of proteins. Toward this goal, we developed a lectin-directed tandem labeling (LTL) quantitative proteomics strategy in which we enriched sialylated glycopeptides by SNA, labeled them at the N-terminus by acetic anhydride (1H6/2D6) reagents, enzymatically deglycosylated the differentially labeled peptides in the presence of heavy water (H218O), and performed LC/MS/MS analysis to identify glycopeptides. We successfully used fetuin as a model protein to test the feasibility of this LTL strategy not only to find true positive glycosylation sites but also to obtain accurate quantitative results on the glycosylation changes. Further, we implemented this method to investigate the sialylation changes in prostate cancer serum samples as compa...
Nonlinear Optical Switching from Lossy to Amplifying Negative-Index Metamaterials

Extraordinary properties of parametric amplification and of quantum interference which enable compensation of losses and of cavity-free generation of counter-propagating entangled right- and left-handed photons controlled by an external laser are investigated.
Explicit Nonlinear Rotational Controllers Using the Fundamental Equation

In this paper, we present two explicitly generated nonlinear controllers for rest-to-rest rigid body rotational maneuvers in terms of quaternions. The controllers are brought about by applying the fundamental equation of constrained motion to both the rotational dynamics and rotational control of rigid bodies. The first controller yields asymptotic stability at a desired orientation while allowing the stabilization to occur exactly along a pre-selected trajectory for three of the four components that make-up the quaternion. The second controller provides global stability at the desired orientation allowing stable motion to occur from any point in quaternion space. Numerical examples are provided showing the qualitative behavior that both rotational controllers yield when applied to a rigid body.© 2009 ASME
Order Analysis of the Rotating Machinery Based on LabVIEW

The basic theory of FFT analysis and the order analysis were introduced.The superiority of the order analysis was investigated in obtaining the characteristic value of rotating machinery.Based on LabVIEW,the way of programming was explained in detail to implement the order analysis;and the rotating speed signal was gained by interpolation in order to obtain the angle sampling vibration signal.The feasibility and accuracy of the order analysis were verified by experiments.
Purification of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes 3a and 6 from imidazole-treated rabbits. Evidence for the identity of isozyme 3a with the form obtained by ethanol treatment.

Two forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from hepatic microsomes of rabbits treated with imidazole. Several criteria indicate that the cytochrome of higher electrophoretic mobility is identical with ethanol-inducible isozyme 3a. "Imidazole-3a" and "ethanol-3a" exhibit the same chromatographic characteristics and have identical electrophoretic mobilities upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the two protein preparations have the same absorbance maxima and absorption coefficients in the oxidized, reduced, and reduced-CO states. A single immunoprecipitin band exhibiting complete identity was observed upon reaction of imidazole-3a and ethanol-3a with the immunoglobulin G fraction from sheep immunized with the latter protein. The amino acid composition and first 10 residues of the amino terminus of the two protein preparations are indistinguishable, as are the high-performance liquid chromatographic maps of the peptides obtained upon cleavage with trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, or Lys C endoproteinase . Furthermore, these preparations have very similar activities in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and the p-hydroxylation of aniline. Evidence was obtained that the cytochrome of lower electrophoretic mobility isolated from imidazole-treated rabbits is probably identical with isozyme 6; the spectral characteristics, amino acid composition, and carboxyl-terminal sequence are described. As an inducer, imidazole has the advantage over ethanol of being less variable in its effects and requiring a shorter period of treatment. From the resulting liver microsomes, one can readily isolate, in addition to P-450 isozymes 3a and 6, isozymes 3c and 4 as well as epoxide hydrolase.
Gandhi and His Legacies

Whereas conventional wisdom assumes that power grows out of the barrel of a gun, or is given to those who steer a course down the mainstream, Gandhi’s success lies in not accepting dominant paradigms but in challenging them. Gandhi synthesizes the two contradictory teachings in the world’s religious and ethical traditions about violence in the nonviolent activist who fights like a warrior but – like the pacifist – avoids harming others. This article reviews the history and basic tenets of Gandhian nonviolence and examines its impact in various spheres from the Indian Freedom Movement to anticolonial, civil rights, and human rights movements. Finally, we briefly examine the implications of Gandhian thought for social theory.
ESD Simulation using Compact Models: from I/O Cell to Full Chip

The modeling of ESD devices, such as MOS transistors, under ESD stress and bias conditions is reviewed. A practical macro-modeling approach composed of industry standard BJT and MOS compact models is presented. SPICE-type circuit level simulations that uses these models is demonstrated. These include examples at both the I/O cell as well as full-chip levels. Predicting ESD circuit performance as well as the inherent circuit simulation challenges are discussed.
Matrix-enhanced nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (ME-NIMS) for small molecule detection and imaging

We describe here the development of a new hybrid ionization approach, matrix-enhanced nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (ME-NIMS). It combines the strengths of two demonstrated MS ionization methods, matrix-enhanced surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ME-SALDI) and nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS), and exhibits significantly improved sensitivity and better reproducibility for small molecule and peptide detection. Similarly improved performance from ME-NIMS was seen in the detection of lipids and small drug molecules during tissue imaging. At least an order of magnitude improvement in the limit of detection of pentamidine was demonstrated compared to using conventional NIMS only.
It Is Still Your Shot, Sir

IF you can tolerate your child possessing elitist inclinations and lifelong feelings of supremacy, IF your child can tolerate a lifetime of barbs and insults from the graduates of the nearby public university, and IF you have enough money not tied up in Japanese bearer bonds, maybe you want your child to receive undergraduate instruction at: > Stanford. > Huh? The Leland Stanford Junior University? What? Maybe you thought I was going to say: > Duke? Yikes! Ick. Kinda like cafeteria-grade chili. Appealing to those so inclined, but can make you unpleasant to be around. But if you can get in, you want to go, right? ’Cause you were special to start with. Maybe. Let’s be more reasonable. Maybe you want your kid to go to. . . Cal. Yeah. That would be tolerable. And less expensive. But, you counter, that would still be fat bank1 for those of us who do not live and breed in California. Perhaps there is a way to knock it down a bit without becoming house poor or living in Bakersfield. Why yes, yes there is! Golf scholarship! If such good fortune were indeed to come your way, you could entertain alternate ways of disbursing little Pixie’s2 collegiate monetary stash, if she has such a thing. She does not need to know that it is really her money and you have worked enough to desire something nice. Your wardrobe needs an overhaul, if nothing else, and that stereo system you bought in college has got to go. If you are not wealthy enough to have money earmarked for dearest Pixie’s educational odyssey, put this journal down and go drum up some business.3 If you do not have children, go find something to do with all that money you have lying around. You could indeed …
Impulsive Brillouin microscopy

Brillouin scattering has been emerging as a viable tool for microscopy. However, most of the work done has been with the use of spontaneous Brillouin scattering, which has several hindrances to its use. In this work, we propose and demonstrate nonlinear Brillouin scattering as a solution to many of these hindrances. Here we demonstrate fast two-dimensional microscopic optical imaging of materials’ mechanical properties for the very first time (to our knowledge) using nonlinear Brillouin scattering. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) was used in an optical configuration that is capable of providing accurate local assessment of viscoelastic properties faster than conventional Brillouin spectroscopy. This proof-of-principle imaging experiment has been demonstrated for materials of known properties and microfluidic devices. Applications to noninvasive biomedical imaging are discussed. The fast acquisition times and strong signal of ISBS coupled with the ability of Brillouin scattering to easily measure materials’ viscoelastic properties make this an attractive technique for biological use.
Reactions to the Fall of Constantinople and the Concept of Human Rights

This chapter examines the sack of Constantinople (1453) in the wider context of concepts of human rights and just war. The outraged response, particularly among humanists, to reports of Ottoman atrocities against a civilian population was arguably the first time in modern history that commentators took so strong and unified a stance on the unnecessary abuses of war. To assess the impact of this moment, this chapter asks how 1453 and responses to it compared to earlier and contemporary attacks on non-combatants in wartime in both Europe and the crusades. It also asks what impact this collective outcry may have had upon early concepts of restraint in war and human rights, with a focus on the works of Erasmus.
Genetic Considerations in Patients with Aortic Disease

The development of aortic endovascular repair has been a major advance in the treatment of aortic aneurysms and dissections. The use of endovascular repairs in patients with connective tissue disease has been limited due to concerns for device failure and they have been intentionally excluded from FDA trials. These patients form a subset of a larger group of patients with genetically triggered aortic disease. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the current body of knowledge about the genetics of syndromic (including connective tissue disease) and non-syndromic genetically triggered aortic aneurysms and dissections, diagnosis, current management, and role of endovascular repair in this population. Having a working knowledge of the known mutations leading to aortic aneurysms and dissections will allow the vascular surgeon to identify these patients and will facilitate early diagnosis and treatments tailored to the affected individuals.
Concrete Buildup Factors Based on the American National Standard for Flux-to-Dose-Rate Conversion

(1980). Concrete Buildup Factors Based on the American National Standard for Flux-to-Dose-Rate Conversion. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 301-301.
Solving the wrong problem: when technology is making us blind

While sensors allow researchers to measure more and more aspects of our life, applying this technology to real world environments is challenging. This paper reviews an already published study about the deployment of psychophysiological sensors in a stroke unit. The study exemplifies the difficulties to understand users' requirements first. By focusing on the technical challenges of measuring stress levels, researchers may neglect the real requirements of nurses and clinicians. During the study, it was found that the stroke unit staff were not interested in their stress levels but wanted to identify stressors that they can mitigate. This case study shows how, aside from technical challenges, researchers have to fully understand the complex nature of requirements in the context where the technology is applied.
Towards a software vulnerability prediction model using traceable code patterns and software metrics

Software security is an important aspect of ensuring software quality. The goal of this study is to help developers evaluate software security using traceable patterns and software metrics during development. The concept of traceable patterns is similar to design patterns but they can be automatically recognized and extracted from source code. If these patterns can better predict vulnerable code compared to traditional software metrics, they can be used in developing a vulnerability prediction model to classify code as vulnerable or not. By analyzing and comparing the performance of traceable patterns with metrics, we propose a vulnerability prediction model. This study explores the performance of some code patterns in vulnerability prediction and compares them with traditional software metrics. We use the findings to build an effective vulnerability prediction model. We evaluate security vulnerabilities reported for Apache Tomcat, Apache CXF and three stand-alone Java web applications. We use machine learning and statistical techniques for predicting vulnerabilities using traceable patterns and metrics as features. We found that patterns have a lower false negative rate and higher recall in detecting vulnerable code than the traditional software metrics.
Technique for estimating fracture resistance of cultured neocartilage.

Tensile tests on an artificial tissue of cultured neocartilage are described with a view to obtaining objective criteria for the onset of fracture and to estimating the tissue fracture resistance. The energy dissipation and compliance of the hyperelastic, hysteretic load-displacement responses exhibit great sensitivity to crack propagation during loading. A simple scheme is presented for deconvoluting the energy dissipated by cracking from an overall hysteresis loop and thus estimating the fracture resistance. The results suggest that the apparent fracture resistance of cultured neocartilage is determined by events localized to the crack and may exhibit a transient increase on initial crack extension. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Compatibility Screening of Gatifloxacin during Simulated Y-Site Administration with other Drugs:

The physical compatibility of gatifloxacin injection (Tequin, Bristol-Myers Squibb) with 110 other drugs during simulated Y-site injection was evaluated by visual observation and turbidity measurem...
Elbow Injury in Handball: Overuse Injuries

This chapter deals primarily with overuse or misuse of the musculotendinous units in the elbow joint, which can lead to chronic problems in handball players. Handball players’ elbow joints must withstand high forces that are not often encountered in daily life. Epidemiological studies published in the literature have shown that elbow problems affect a significant number of handball players, with prevalence at least as high as observed in other throwing sports. The most common mechanism of injury is repetitive throwing motion in field players and repetitive hyperextension trauma to the extended arm in goalkeepers. Biomechanical analysis of the throwing motion in field players revealed that transition from the late cocking phase to the early acceleration is responsible for elbow lesions in these athletes. They are usually chronic in nature and are the result of repetitive overload of the dominant arm.
Cerebrovascular Events After Cardiovascular Procedures: Risk Factors, Recognition, and Prevention Strategies

Stroke has long been a devastating complication of any cardiovascular procedure that unfavorably affects survival and quality of life. Over time, strategies have been developed to substantially reduce the incidence of stroke after traditional cardiovascular procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated valve surgery, and carotid endarterectomy. Subsequently, with the advent of minimally invasive technologies including percutaneous coronary intervention, carotid artery stenting, and transcatheter valve therapies, operators were faced with a new host of procedural risk factors, and efforts again turned toward identifying novel ways to reduce the risk of stroke. Fortunately, by understanding the procedural factors unique to these new techniques and applying many of the lessons learned from prior experiences, we are seeing significant improvements in the safety of these new technologies. In this review, the authors: 1) carefully analyze data from different cardiac procedural experiences ranging from traditional open heart surgery to percutaneous coronary intervention and transcatheter valve therapies; 2) explore the unique risk factors for stroke in each of these areas; and 3) describe how these risks can be mitigated with improved patient selection, adjuvant pharmacotherapy, procedural improvements, and novel technological advancements.
Gifted Education in Russia and the United States

Comparisons between different countries’ approaches to education in general, and to gifted education in particular, are a matter of extreme difficulty, since comparisons are meaningful only if the objects being compared have, on the whole, some degree of similarity. One can discuss which soccer team is better, Spain’s or Netherlands’; but to compare Spain’s soccer team to Russia’s chess team would be nonsensical. Unfortunately, many comparative studies in education, despite making all kinds of pronouncements about cultural distinctiveness, are nonetheless based on the assumption that by and large everyone is striving after the same thing. That this is so, however, is by no means obvious.
Setting Free the Captives: The Power of Community Integration in Liberating Institutionalized Adults from the Bonds of Their past

This article demonstrates the power that integration can have in bringing out the positive potential within people with handicaps and in positively altering stereotypes and expectancies of staff. The experiences of nine people who had the opportunity to leave their institutional environment for a week-long vacation are described herein. During these vacations, all of which were in popular vacation spots in New York State, dramatic behavior changes were witnessed in the men and women from the institution. Staff were transformed as well: Their expectations and perceptions changed markedly. It became clear that a person's behavior and demonstrated abilities in an institutional setting cannot be used to predict his or her readiness for, or behavior in, a typical community setting. Other lessons which can be learned from community integrative experiences are included in these nine vignettes.
The roche coordinates and their use in hydrodynamics or celestial mechanics

The aim of the present paper will be to introduce a new system of curvilinear coordinateshereafter referred to as Roche coordinates-in which spheres of constant radius are replaced by equipotential surfaces of a rotating gravitational dipole (which consists of two discrete points of finite mass, revolving around their common center of gravity); while the remaining coordinates are orthogonal to the equipotentials. It will be shown that the use of such coordinates offers a new method of approach to the solution of certain problems of particle dynamics (such as, for instance, the construction of certain types of trajectories in the restricted problem of three bodies); as well as of the hydrodynamics of gas streams in close binary systems, in which the equipotential surfaces of their components distorted by axial rotation and mutual tidal interaction constitute essential boundary conditions. Following a general outline of the problem in Section 1, the Roche coordinates associated with the equipotentials of a rotating gravitational dipole will be constructed in the plane case (Section 2), and their geometrical properties discussed. In Section 3, we shall transform the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics to their forms appropriate in the curvilinear Roche coordinates. The metric coefficients of this transformation will be formulated in a closed form in Section 4 in terms of the respective partial derivatives of the potential; while in Section 5 analytic expressions for the Roche coordinates will be given in the orbital plane of the dipole, which are exact as far as the distortion of the equipotential curves from circular form can be described by the second, third and, fourth harmonics. The concluding Section 6 will be devoted to a formulation of the equations of a mass-point in the restricted problem of three bodies in the Roche coordinates. Three special cases will be considered: (a) motion in the neighborhood of the equipotential curves; (b) motion in the direction normal to such curves; and (c) motion in the neighbourhood of the Lagrangian points. It will be shown that motion in one coordinate is possible only in limiting cases which will be enumerated; but twodimensional motions in which one velocity component is very much smaller than the other invite further study. A generalization of the plane Roche coordinates to three dimensions, with application to additional classes of problems, is being postponed for a subsequent paper.
Examining Loss: Postcritical Ethnography and the Pursuit of What Could Be Otherwise:

In this article, we argue that loss often precedes critique in postcritical ethnographic work. We position this argument in relation to the moral and the political commitments that imbue postcritic...
Evolutionary Science of Female Orgasm

The difficulty of inducing orgasm in women, its variability between women, and the lack of an obvious relationship with women’s reproductive success have led some researchers to conclude that female orgasm is a nonfunctional by-product of developmental pathways that women share with men. Other researchers have presented evidence that orgasm is an adaptation in women. In this chapter, we review the evidence for these opposing points of view and find that a functional hypothesis receives greater support. First, we discuss the phenomenological, anatomical, and neurological correlates of women’s orgasm, which are generally inconsistent with the idea that female orgasm is a by-product. We then present evidence that female orgasm enhances the likelihood of conception, and we summarize evidence that female orgasm functions as a mechanism for choosing mates of high genetic quality, investment potential, or both. Finally, we outline directions for future research that will help to resolve the debate about the functionality of orgasm in women.
Food, Animals, and the Constitution: California Bans on Pork, Foie Gras, Shark Fins, and Eggs

Animal welfare policies focused on food production cook up significant constitutional controversies. Since 2008, California has tried to ban the sale of certain edible items made from animals. Eaters and farmers challenge these policies, citing economic discrimination and preemption by federal statutes, in violation of the Constitution’s Dormant Commerce and Supremacy Clauses, respectively. This food-and-animal jurisprudence includes pork products in National Meat Association v. Harris (2012); foie gras in Association des Eleveurs de Canards et D’Oies du Quebec v. Harris (2013) and Association des Eleveurs de Canards et D’Oies du Quebec v. Becerra (2017); shark fins in Chinatown Neighborhood Association v. Harris (2015); and eggs in Missouri v. Harris (2016). These cases regard California’s animal welfare policies to ban: pork products from “downer” swine, who are immobile; force-feeding ducks to make foie gras; shark fins used in soup in Chinese cuisine; and eggs from hens housed in battery cages. These policies raise legal questions beyond what is inhumane, forcing courts to decide if Californian food choices create barriers to interstate commerce or conflict with federal food statutes on meat, poultry, and marine conservation. This Article argues that state-level food policies improving animal treatment will face judicial inquiry, balancing preventing animal cruelty with federal concerns for economic discrimination, uniformity, and costs passed on to eaters and food producers. This Article identifies how California policies exemplify larger conflicts placing states and animal advocates against eaters and farmers. Constitutional law will serve as an important ingredient to settle these stewing conflicts.
Understanding the vertical structure of potential vorticity in tropical depressions

Author(s): Murthy, VS; Boos, WR | Abstract: Potential vorticity (PV) has been used to understand the intensification and motion of a variety of tropical vortices. Here, atmospheric reanalyses and idealized models are used to understand how the vertical structures of moist convective heating and adiabatic advection jointly shape the vertical structures of PV in tropical depressions. Observationally based estimates reveal a top-heavy PV structure in tropical depressions, contrasting with bottom-heavy structures of absolute vorticity and diabatic PV generation. These distinct vertical structures are reproduced in an axisymmetric model which employs the weak temperature gradient approximation for conceptual simplicity and is forced by stratiform and deep convective heating. When applied in isolation, the stratiform and deep convective heatings produce PV maxima at 500 hPa and near the surface, respectively. When these two heatings are applied simultaneously, interactions between the stratiform and deep convective modes enhance the adiabatic advective tendencies produced by the transverse circulation, making the PV distribution more top-heavy. In the lower and middle troposphere, radial advection also greatly reduces the radius of the PV structure relative to that of the imposed heating, consistent with structures in observed tropical depressions; the implications of these differences in radial structures for using the flux form of the relevant conservation equations (e.g. for PV substance or absolute vorticity) are discussed.
Getting by with a Little Help from Their (EU) Friends: NGO Cooperation and Involvement Across Multi-Level Policy Processes

A growing body of research focuses on the expanding roles of NGOs in global and supranational governance. The research emphasizes the increasing number of participation patterns of NGOs in policymaking and cross-national cooperation. It has produced important insights into the evolving political role of NGOs and their growing involvement in governance. The focus on activities at a transnational level has, however, lead to the virtual exclusion of research on other levels of governance. It has not been possible to tell whether the locus of their political activity is shifting from the national to the transnational environment, or whether it is simply broadening. Missing from the literature is an examination of the variety of cooperative relationships, including those between NGOs, which impact policy involvement across different levels of governance. To bridge this gap, I address two key questions: 1) Is the strategy of cooperation among NGOs a common feature of social movement activity across levels of governance, and if so, what does the structure of cooperation look like? 2) What impact, if any, does cooperation have on the expanding political involvement of NGOS, both within and across levels of governance? Using data from an original survey of migrant and refugee organizations across much of Europe, I test several hypotheses that shed light on these issues. The findings broadly indicate that 1) Cooperation is a widely-used strategy across levels of governance, 2) Cooperation with specific sets of actors increases the likelihood of NGO involvement at different levels of governance. Specifically, cooperation with EU-level actors increases the likelihood of national-level involvement, and 3) NGOs are more likely to extend their involvement across a range of institutions if they cooperate with a broad range of actors.
Passive Wireless Pressure Sensing for Gastric Manometry.

We describe a wireless microsystem for gastrointestinal manometry that couples a microfabricated capacitive transducer to a dual-axis inductor, forming a resonant inductor-capacitor (LC) sensor within an ingestible 3D printed biocompatible capsule measuring o 12 mm × 24 mm. An inductively coupled external telemetry unit wirelessly monitors the pressure dependent resonant frequency of the LC sensor, eliminating the need for integrated power sources within the ingested capsule. In vitro tests in saline show pressure response of -0.6 kHz/mmHg, interrogation distance up to 6 cm, and resolution up to 0.8 mmHg. In vivo functionality is validated with gastrointestinal pressure monitoring in a canine beagle over a 26-hour period.
William Yarrell (1784–1856), friend and adviser to Charles Darwin

For 25 years, from 1831 into 1856, the English zoologist William Yarrell was both a friend and adviser to Charles Darwin. He was regarded by Darwin as a wise and eminent naturalist of the older gen...