cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Government-Wide Debarment and Suspension Regulations After a Decade - A Constitutional Framework - Yet, Some Issues Remain in Transition

Because of the tensions between the government's interests in procurement integrity and contractors interest in continuing to pursue government work-and perhaps as a result of the heightened activity by the federal government in the debarment and suspension arena-a number of scholars and practitioners have written about the process. In particular, several of these writers either have questioned the constitutional validity or otherwise have been critical of the government's debarment and suspension process. This author respectfully disagrees with these analyses, and a major focus of this article is an examination of the reasons why agency adherence to the current debarment and suspension regulations will result in actions that comport with constitutional due process requirements. On the other hand, even though these government rules provide a constitutional framework, the regulations remain in transition and have been the subject of periodic changes. Thus, new matters will continue to arise. Accordingly, this article also will explore certain issues regarding not only recent but also contemplated changes to the debarment and suspension procedures.
X-Ray Observations of Crab-Like Supernova Remnants

On the basis of extensive radio surveys of the galactic plane, approximately 140 sources of diffuse radio emission have been classified as supernova remnants (SNR). Using spectral index and spatial distribution as the primary selection criteria, these have been subdivided into two groups, “shell” and “Crab-like”. In each case, the radio emission is assumed to be of non-thermal origin. The two distinct morphologies arise from two distinct energy sources. For shell remnants, the energy is drawn from the reservoir of kinetic energy in the expanding shock front; in Crab-like remnants, the energy is drawn from the rotational kinetic energy of a central stellar remnant.
Dietary intake frequencies and nutritional risk in community-residing older adults (1026.6)

Dietary patterns and nutritional risk of older adults (OA) must first be assessed in order to develop client-centered nutrition interventions that result in behavior change. This study examined die...
Chilled Water Plant Optimization By Resetting the Condenser Water Temperature

ABSTRACT The latest chilled water plant optimization effort at an Intel Corporation facility in Chandler, AZ, is the reset (increase or decrease) of the condenser water temperature based on outside air wet bulb conditions. The reset strategy increased the efficiency of the plant to an average of 0.85 kW/ton from the baseline value of 0.9 kW/ton, resulting in an operational cost savings of about $100k per year. During the colder winter nights, plant efficiency peaks at 0.65 kW/ton while efficiencies in the spring, summer, and fall range between 0.75 kW/ton and 1.15 kW/ton. Thus, the project took advantage of the fact that lowering the condenser water setpoint temperature produces colder condenser return water, which results in a more efficient chiller operation since less compressor work is required to provide the same cooling output.
Outcome Analysis of a Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Service

The primary objective of this study was to determine if a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation monitoring service (AMS) improved the outcomes of patients receiving warfarin in a family practice setting and was cost effective in treating and preventing thromboembolic disorders. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients at the University of Florida's Family Practice Residency Program who received warfarin pharmacotherapy between October 1, 1988, and December 15, 1993. The outcomes of patients followed by AMS were compared with those of a control group consisting of patients receiving warfarin but followed only by their physician. Outcomes were evaluated based on the number of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, as well as unplanned clinic visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions. Cost of hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and participation in the AMS were analyzed. During 28 person-years of treatment, control subjects sustained 12 thromboembolic events (2 pulmonary embolisms, 1 cerebrovascular accident, and 9 deep venous thromboses) and 2 minor and 5 major hemorrhagic events. The study group reported two minor hemorrhagic events during a total of 60 person-years. The control group was 20 times more likely than the study group to experience any event (rate ratio 20, 95% CI 5-87). In addition, hospitalization and emergency room charges indicated an actual cost of $119,074.95 for the control group's events. The cost to this group for 28 person-years of participation in the AMS would have been $5040.00. A potential cost avoidance of $4072.68 per person-year of follow-up may have been possible if these patients had been followed by the AMS. A pharmacist-managed AMS in a family practice setting can result in improved outcomes for patients receiving warfarin and is cost effective.
Indirect Robust Control of Spacecraft via Optimal Control Solution

A new method is proposed for robust control of spacecraft in proximity orbit servicing operations from an optimal control formulation. It can be shown that the robust control of the nonlinear uncertain system is equivalent to the optimal controlled nominal system with a modified cost functional including uncertainty bounds such that both stabilization and optimal performance can be achieved. The -D technique is utilized to design a closed-form control law, which facilitates the onboard implementation. The pursuer spacecraft is controlled to autonomously approach a target at a specified safe relative position and align its docking port towards the one on the target while keeping their attitude synchronized. Flexible motion, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbance are considered in the control design to enhance the robustness.
Clinical social work and the family court: A new role in child sexual abuse cases

Clinical social workers encounter difficult treatment issues when working with children where there is a suspicion of child sexual abuse, or where there has been an indicated child protective services case but no family court action. This article outlines a new role for the clinical social worker to play in relationship to the family court system. The author argues that the involvement of the clinician in an assessment process developed to aid the court can aid in the protection of children and set the stage for effective intervention and treatment.
Bradstreet's on my Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet and Before the Birth of one of her Children

(2000). Bradstreet's on my Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet and Before the Birth of one of her Children. The Explicator: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 11-14.
The Spectral Density of a Sinusoid Phase Modulated by a Gaussian-Filtered Gaussian Process

A simple calculation is made for the power spectral density (psd) of a sinusoid phase modulated by a filtered Gaussian process. The premodulation filter has a Gaussian-shaped frequency response. Design curves are presented for the out-of-band interference, the in-band power, and the psd in terms of the premodulation filter's bandwidth and the rms modulation index.
The effect of pressure on electronic excitations in Mn2(CO)10 and Re2(CO)10

The shift with pressure has been measured for the σ → σ* excitations for crystalline Mn2(CO)10 and Re2(CO)10 to 120 kbar. The results are interpreted in terms of the relative importance of the effect of compression on stabilization of the bonding vis-a-vis the antibonding orbitals, and the importance of the van der Waals interaction with the surroundings. The π → σ* excitation in Mn2(CO)10 and the σ → π* excitation in Re2(CO)10 are briefly discussed.
Universal fixed-to-variable source coding in the finite blocklength regime

A universal source coding problem is considered in the finite blocklength regime for stationary memoryless sources. A new coding scheme is presented that encodes based on the type class size and the empirical support set of the sequence. It is shown that there is no loss in dispersion relative to the case when the source distribution is known. A new bound is obtained on the third order asymptotic coding rate. Numerical results are presented for finite blocklengths comparing the proposed coding scheme with a variety of coding schemes including Lempel-Ziv.
An RCT of an Internet Intervention for Pediatric Encopresis with One Year Follow-Up.

Encopresis is a significant medical problem for millions of children. Despite its prevalence, poor treatment success rates indicate that it is often difficult to treat. The goal of this study was to evaluate an Internet intervention for encopresis (UCanPoopToo) with children from across the US. A 2 (Group) 3 (Time) RCT was used to evaluate the efficacy of UCanPoopToo. Participants were randomized to a treatmentas-usual (TAU) or TAU UCanPoopToo group. Assessments were completed at baseline (Pre), 4‐6 weeks following baseline (Post), and one year follow-up (Post12). At baseline, the TAU and TAU UCanPoopToo retrospectively reported a median 9 and 8 accidents, respectively, over the previous two weeks. Using prospective online diary data, the TAU group reported a median 8 accidents at Post and 3 accidents at Post12, compared to the TAU UCanPoopToo group report of a median 4.5 accidents at Post and 1 accident at Post12. At Post12, a significant difference was found between success rates (1 accident/2 weeks) of 28% for the TAU group and 64% for the TAU UCanPoopToo group. At Post12, a significant difference was also found between cure rates (0 accidents/2 weeks) of 20% for the TAU group and 50% for the TAU UCanPoopToo group. This study supports the use of an Internet intervention for encopresis. Increasing the ability for clinicians to refer their patients to evidencebased Internet interventions has meaningful implications for clinical practice as it extends the reach of treatment options for patients and enables provision of interventions otherwise unavailable.
My patient with rectal cancer does not have pain control despite high doses of opioids and optimal doses of gabapentin and desipramine. Now what?—advanced strategies for cancer pain management

Abstract Patients with cancer pain may expect pain relief from noninvasive therapy in 80% to 90% of the cases. Thus, in 10% to 20% of the patients, intraspinal therapy will be needed. This article reviews the alternative techniques and medications for intraspinal therapy for patients who failed to experience full pain control from aggressive pharmacologic therapy. Moreover, factors to consider in the decision to implement one of the techniques for long-term pain management are discussed. Protocols that we have implemented in our institution for intraspinal therapy are presented, and alternative drugs for patients who do not respond to this approach are discussed. In our expericence with this approach, virtually all patients may experience pain relief from cancer. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Operating characteristics of the vaginal photoplethysmograph: Some implications for its use

Two operating characteristics of the vaginal photoplethysmograph were examined in an attempt to explain some of the methodological variance in the data produced by this device. Both the original Sintchak and Geer (1975) vaginal probe and a modified LED probe were examined for response consistency and temperature sensitivity. The results reveal that, for both types of probes, there is a considerable drift over time when the device is operated on DC in a temperature and light-controlled environment. This drift was not consistent across devices or trials, thus eliminating the possibility of experimentally or statistically controlling for it. In addition, both types of device were found to be extremely temperature sensitive when operated on DC in a light-controlled environment. Implications for continued use of the vaginal photoplethysmograph in research and clinical settings are discussed and recommendations are made regarding alternative genital measures of sexual arousal in women.
35 GHz integrated circuit rectifying antenna with 33% efficiency

A 35 GHz integrated circuit rectifying antenna (rectenna) has been developed using a microstrip dipole antenna and beam-lead mixer diode. Greater than 33 percent conversion efficiency has been achieved. The circuit should have applications in microwave/millimeter-wave power transmission and detection.
The Great Forestry Survey of 1669-1671 The Use of Archives for Political Reform

A program of forestry surveys and reform conducted in France during the 17th century has been accused of rationalizing the landscape and suppressing peasant culture; tools of cartography were said to have made rural lands both more legible to the state and alien to locals. On closer inspection, it seems that the surveys did not produce abstract rationalizations of the forests that made them ‘readable’ at a distance or more orderly on the ground; mainly the reformers developed databases or archives of misuses of the forests by nobles who were supposed to be managing them for the crown. This paper follows one reformer, Louis de Froidour, as he moved through the Midi-Pyrenees, using a set of letters he wrote while doing forest surveys for the reform. He described and explained noble opposition to his entering ‘their forests’, and how he nonetheless conducted the required surveys and acquired the necessary documents. Froidour not only did not target peasant villages, but also sometimes even protected forests ...
Simulations of tensile failure in glassy polymers: effect of cross-link density

Molecular dynamics simulations are adopted to investigate the failure mechanisms of glassy polymers, particularly with respect to increasing density of cross-links. In our simulations thermosetting polymers, which are cross-linked, exhibit an embrittlement compared with uncross-linked thermoplastics in a similar fashion to several experimental investigations (Levita et al 1991 J. Mater. Sci. 26 2348; Sambasivam et al 1997 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65 1001; Iijima et al 1992 Eur. Polym. J. 28 573). We perform a detailed analysis of this phenomenon and propose an interpretation based on the predominance of chain scission process over disentanglement in thermosetting polymers. We also elucidate the brittle fracture response of the thermosetting polymers.
The Cultural Problem of the Cultural Anthropologist

An intensive analysis of Malinowski's diary reveals an ethnocentrism hitherto unnoticed in our discipline. Ethnocentrism is common to all societies and cultures, but what anthropologists have so far failed to understand is the very basic distinction between positive ethnocentrism and neutral ethnocentrism. Malinowski, being rooted in white European society and culture where positive enthocentrism prevails, suffered from some peculiar defects in perception of non- Western behavior that vitiated some of his theories, such as those on religion and culture change. This paper shows that some of his shortcomings are still with us today and indicates what we can do to remedy them. [religion, ethnocentrism, positive or neutral, Trobriand Islanders, mental hospitals, internal versus external impetuses to culture change, Christianity, Islam, proselytization, Primeval Flood myth, comparative studies, China, Europe, national character, methodology]
Production of no-carrier-added 7Be from target cooling water

Abstract Beryllium-7, a monoenergetic photon emitter, is present as a by-product in a no-carrier-added (NCA) form at the BLIP from proton activation of the water which is used to cool targets. This report describes its recovery and purification.
Pseudopotential studies of the water and hydrogen fluoride molecules

Abstract A model pseudopotential is used to calculate valence electron properties for H 2 O and HF. The calculated geometries, force constants, and ionization potentials are in excellent agreement with the results of corresponding all-electron calculations.
A two-scale methodology for determining the residual stresses in polycrystalline solids using high energy X-ray diffraction data

Abstract This paper presents a new method for ascertaining residual stress fields in engineering components. Diffraction data are employed with a finite element discretization to determine the macroscopic (continuum) residual stress field over the workpiece simultaneously with the crystal-scale distribution of elastic strains at each diffraction measurement point. Stress equilibrium and traction free boundary conditions constrain the solution at the continuum scale. The thousands of lattice strain measurements made at each diffraction volume ensure that the stress solution is consistent with crystal-scale elastic distortions. Finally, integrated over all orientations within each aggregate, the crystal-scale stresses must match the continuum stress. The method was demonstrated using a shrink fit specimen with a nickel-base superalloy disk fit over a stainless steel shaft. High energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, provided nearly 1 million lattice strain measurements. Using these data, the new methodology produced a stress field that satisfied the macroscopic constraints and matched the crystal-scale distortions at each diffraction volume as manifest by spherical harmonic expansions of the lattice strain tensor over orientation space. The residual stress distribution exhibits the general features of an axisymmetric analytical approximation, but also contains details that likely arise from the pre-existing material state and fabrication of the shrink fit assembly. Projections of the spherical harmonic expansions of the crystal-scale lattice strain tensor matched the experimental lattice strain pole figures. Issues related to diffraction volume spacing (spatial resolution) and specimen shadowing are also discussed.
A Comparative Study of MBE‐Grown GaN Films Having Predominantly Ga‐ or N‐Polarity

Wurtzitic GaN epilayers having both Ga and N-polarity were grown by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using a plasma-activated nitrogen source on c-plane sapphire. The polarities were verified by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). High-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the structural defects present in the films. The different topographic features of Ga and N-polarity samples and their appearance after wet etching were correlated to the measured X-ray rocking curve peak widths for both symmetric [0002] and asymmetric [1014] diffraction. For Ga-polarity samples, the [0002] diffraction is narrower than the [1014] diffraction, while for N-polarity ones the [0002] peaks are broader than [1014]. The half width of [1014] peaks for both polarity types were in the range of 5-7 arcmin indicative of, among possibly other defects, a high density of pure edge threading dislocations lying parallel to the c-axis. The 1-2 arcmin [0002] linewidths of Ga-polarity samples suggest a low density of screw dislocations, which corresponds with the TEM observations where the screw dislocation density is less than 10 7 cm -2 . In N-polarity samples, however, the [0002] diffraction peak was typically wider than 5 arcmin, suggesting either a higher density of edge dislocations and inversion domains in N-polarity samples, or the columnar structural features in AFM images, where the effective coherence length for X-ray diffraction is drastically reduced.
Practice or Theory: Situating Science Teacher Preparation Within a Context of Ecojustice Philosophy

Theory is taught to preservice teachers from the moment they enter the education program until they graduate. While theory serves as the foundation in many teacher preparation courses, these future teachers must also understand the relationship it has to practice. The focus of this article is on the journey of one group of preservice secondary science teachers toward becoming practitioners with a theoretical understanding of what and how they would teach science. Ecojustice philosophy, being implemented through citizen science pedagogy, served as the framework for this method course and proved challenging for both the professor and the preservice teacher. Hermeneutic ethnography served as the guiding methodological/theoretical framework for this research and provided an opportunity for extensive data collection in an attempt to better understand how participants made sense of learning to teach within a method course focused around ecojustice philosophy. By using hermeneutic ethnography, we are encouraged to make sense of what we are seeing, while considering our own cultural experiences and abilities to interact with others taking part in these events. This research highlights the need for dialogue within science teacher preparation classrooms, addresses the challenges in teaching for practice-theory, and suggests possibilities for future considerations within science teacher preparation.
SPICE implementation of lossy transmission line and Schottky diode models

The author describes models for the lossy transmission line and the Schottky diode that are incorporated into the source code of the circuit simulation program SPICE (version 2G.6). The model used for the lossy transmission line was derived by A.J. Gruodis (1979). The DC model for the Schottky barrier diode as shown was formulated by D.B. Estreich (1983). Examples used to verify the models are given. >
Plane partitions V: the TSSCPP conjecture

This paper is devoted to proving the conjecture by Mills, Robbins, and Rumsey that the number of totally symmetric, self-complementary plane partitions in [1, 2n]3 is given by Πi=0n−1 (3i+1)!/(n+i)!.
Watering converts a CAM plant to daytime CO 2 uptake

THREE different photosynthetic options have been identified in plants1,2: (1) most plants have the reductive pentose phosphate or C3 pathway, where CO2 is incorporated into ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid, a three-carbon compound; (2) the C4 mode, where the first photosynthetic products are four-carbon dicarboxylic acids like oxaloacetate and malate formed following CO2 incorporation into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP); and (3) crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), found in many succulent plants growing in arid regions. In the last, stomatal opening and net CO2 uptake occur at night, CO2 being incorporated by way of PEP carboxylase into organic acids. The tissue acidity decreases as the organic acids are decarboxylated during the day, when the internally released CO2 is prevented from leaving by the closed stomata. The water vapour concentration difference between the tissue and ambient air is less at night, and thus the night-time stomatal opening of CAM plants leads to overall water conservation. For example, the water lost per CO2 fixed averages about sixfold higher for C4 plants and tenfold higher for C3 ones than for CAM plants in natural conditions2. The net daily CO2 uptake by CAM plants is less than for C3 or C4 plants, so CAM plants tend to be relatively slow growing.
AIDS and the anaesthetist.

First reported in June, 1981, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ultimately manifests as life threatening opportunistic infections with or without Kaposi’s sarcoma or other malignancies (Table).1.2 Most cases have occurred in four groups now considered to be at high risk: homosexual males, intravenous drug abusers, Haitians, and haemophiliacs. In addition, cases have been reported in women having sexual relations with males in high-risk groups, in children of individuals at high risk, and in individuals receiving blood transfusions.2.3 Less than seven per cent of reported cases have no recognizable risk factors.
Shoot Blight of Forsythia × intermedia in Virginia Nurseries Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.

A severe blighting of shoots on Forsythia × intermedia cv. Lynwood Gold plants was observed at several commercial nurseries in Virginia from 2001 to 2004. Crop losses ranged from 10 to 35%. Symptoms first occurred at the tips of shoots, including those that were trimmed and not trimmed, and then progressed downward. Diseased shoots wilted quickly and usually turned black, and foliage on these shoots withered and became necrotic. With PARP-V8 selective medium (2), a species of Phytophthora was isolated consistently from symptomatic shoots (including tissues from shoot tips, leaves, and stems) as well as from apparently healthy roots. These isolates produced arachnoid mycelia and numerous noncaducous, papillate sporangia but did not produce sexual structures on isolation plates; these morphological characters are consistent with those of Phytophthora nicotianae. All isolates produced a single-strand conformation polymorphism pattern typical of P. nicotianae (3). To test pathogenicity, 1-year-old, healthy-ap...
Carbon Concentration Mechanism(s) in Unicellular Green Algae and Cyanobacteria

Unicellular green algae and cyanobacteria have mechanism(s) to actively concentrate dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into the cells, only if they are grown with air levels of CO2. The DIC concentration mechanisms are environmental adaptations to actively transport and accumulate inorganic carbon into the chloroplasts of green algae or into the carboxysomes of cyanobacteria. The current working model of cyanobacterial carbon concentration mechanism consists of at least two basic components: an active Ci transport system and a Rubisco-rich polyhedral carboxysome. In case of unicellular green algae, the working model for DIC concentration mechanism includes several isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), and ATPase driven active bicarbonate transporters at the plasmalemma and at the inner chloroplast envelopes. In the past twenty years, significant progress has been made in isolating and characterizing the isoforms of carbonic anhydrase. However, active transporters are yet to be characterized. This mini-review summarizes the current status of research on DIC-pumps including its significance and possible application to increase the productivity of plants of economic importance.
Substitutions at Phe61 in the β3-β4 hairpin of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase reveal a role for the fingers subdomain in strand displacement DNA synthesis

Abstract Unlike most DNA polymerases, retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) are capable of strand displacement DNA synthesis in vitro , unassisted by other proteins. While human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT has been shown to possess this rare ability, the structural determinants responsible are unknown. X-Ray crystallographic and biochemical studies have indicated that the β3-β4 hairpin of the fingers subdomain of HIV-1 RT contains key contacts for the incoming template strand. In order to assess the possible role of the fingers subdomain in strand displacement synthesis, a set of substitutions was created at the highly conserved Phe61 residue, which is thought to contact the template strand immediately ahead of the dNTP-binding site. Purified heterodimeric RTs containing Phe61 substitutions displayed altered degrees of strand displacement synthesis on nicked and gapped duplex DNA templates with the relative order being: F61Y≥F61L>wild-type=F61A>F61W. In order to verify that the effects on strand displacement synthesis were not an indirect effect of alterations in processivity, all Phe61 mutants were tested for processive polymerization. While the strand displacement activity of F61W RT variant was affected severely, it displayed a wild-type-like processivity. In contrast, both F61L and F61Y substitutions, despite showing enhanced strand displacement synthesis, displayed reduced processivity. In contrast, the processivity of F61A mutant, which had displayed nearly wild-type-like strand displacement synthesis, was affected most. These results showed that the effects of Phe61 substitutions on strand displacement are not due to global changes in polymerase processivity. Analysis of pause sites during DNA polymerization on double-stranded templates revealed that the wild-type and the Phe61 mutant RTs interact with the template quite differently. Modeling a 5 nt duplex DNA ahead of the dNTP-binding site of HIV-1 RT suggested a correlation between the ability of the side-chain of the amino acid residue at position 61 to stabilize the first base-pair of the DNA duplex to be melted and the degree of strand displacement synthesis. Our results confirm a role for F61 residue in processive synthesis and indicate that the fingers subdomain harbors a structural determinant of strand displacement synthesis by HIV-1 RT.
The triplet state of pyridoxal

Abstract The absorption spectra, as well as the relative distribution of the structures of pyridoxal in aqueous solution, have been investigated in several laboratories ( Williams and Neilands, 1954 ; Metzler and Snell, 1955 ; Anderson and Martell, 1964) . In spite of these spectrophotometric studies, little is known about the luminescence properties of pyridoxal at low temperature (77° K), such as fluorescence and phosphorescence. It is the purpose of this note to show that the phosphorescence of pyridoxal originates in a triplet state which is also detected by esr spectroscopy. Evidence is presented that electronic excitation energy is transferred from the triplet state of pyridoxal to the singlet state of L-kynurenine.
Borrelia burgdorferi Enolase Is a Surface-Exposed Plasminogen Binding Protein

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most commonly reported arthropod-borne disease in the United States. B. burgdorferi is a highly invasive bacterium, yet lacks extracellular protease activity. In order to aid in its dissemination, B. burgdorferi binds plasminogen, a component of the hosts' fibrinolytic system. Plasminogen bound to the surface of B. burgdorferi can then be activated to the protease plasmin, facilitating the bacterium's penetration of endothelial cell layers and degradation of extracellular matrix components. Enolases are highly conserved proteins with no sorting sequences or lipoprotein anchor sites, yet many bacteria have enolases bound to their outer surfaces. B. burgdorferi enolase is both a cytoplasmic and membrane associated protein. Enolases from other pathogenic bacteria are known to bind plasminogen. We confirmed the surface localization of B. burgdorferi enolase by in situ protease degradation assay and immunoelectron microscopy. We then demonstrated that B. burgdorferi enolase binds plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner. Lysine residues were critical for binding of plasminogen to enolase, as the lysine analog eaminocaproic acid significantly inhibited binding. Ionic interactions did not play a significant role in plasminogen binding by enolase, as excess NaCl had no effects on the interaction. Plasminogen bound to recombinant enolase could be converted to active plasmin. We conclude that B. burgdorferi enolase is a moonlighting cytoplasmic protein which also associates with the bacterial outer surface and facilitates binding to host plasminogen.
A standard procedure for Bradford analysis and its application to the periodical literature in systems librarianship

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a standard procedure for Bradford analysis: export citations from research databases to a bibliographic management tool, separate the desired citation fields with bibliographic output styles, and then manipulate the empirical data, formulate graph and analyze linearity with Microsoft Excel., – The methodology mainly employed by the paper is to test the theory of Bradford's law of scattering. Based on research work and experiments, a standard procedure for Bradford analysis is to be developed., – A standard procedure for Bradford analysis is developed. The study also shows that the literature in systems librarianship follows Bradford distribution., – Many fields or disciplines of literature have been found to follow Bradford's law, which seems to offer a great potential promise for solving library problems. However, empirical Bradford analysis demands tedious computation, and sophisticated graphical formulation. This paper develops an easy operational procedure for Bradford analysis, which will shed light on problem solving in a similar bibliometric analysis.
Retinoic Acid and Ethanol Affect Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Gene Expression in a Human Astrocytoma Cell Line

Retinoic Acid and Ethanol Affect Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Gene Expression in a Human Astrocytoma Cell Line
Optics of the eyes of echolocating bats.

Abstract Refractive errors of the eyes of six species of Microchiroptera were determined by retinoscopy. Constricted and dilated entrance pupil diameters were measured in seven species. The dimensions and curvatures of the dioptric components were obtained from frozen sections of eyes ofPhyllostomus hastatus, Carollia perspicillata andMyotis sodalis. The total effective power and theoretical depth of field of these eyes was estimated. Near points may lie between a few centimeters and a few meters for constricted and dilated pupils, respectively. The refractive errors and apparent lack of accommodation in Microchiropteran eyes are probably insignificant and do not of themselves imply poorly developed vision. The optical properties of these eyes are consistent with the hypothesis that vision is especially useful in detecting objects beyond the range of echolocation.
Immunogenetic profile of the axolotl: 1977

SYNOPSIS. As with mammals, the ability to test questions of an immunogenetic nature in the axolotl and other amphibia is greatly enhanced by the use of defined, inbred genetic lines. These have been developed and at present qualify as partially inbred strains; there are 7, with the most highly inbred being at present at F13. During the development of these strains, several questions have been tested. A question of evolutionary interest is whether the amphibia show the equivalent of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The anurans do but there remains a question of whether any one histocompatibility locus is predominant in urodeles; suggestive but not definitive data support the idea that one locus may be predominant. Analysis of genetic control of immune responses has been done both in vivo through allograftings and in vitro through mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and through responsiveness to mitogens. The axolotl responds to MLC with low but statistically significant stimulation indices and to mitogens in such a way that it is difficult clearly to distinguish between B and T cells. A technique has been developed that leads to failure of thymus differentiation and this may help to clarify the question of lymphocyte cell types inasmuch as thymectomy greatly reduces allograft rejection and permits growth of an allogeneic lymphosarcoma. Evidence is presented suggesting that immune responsiveness is capable of developing at the localized site of immune stimulation rather than requiring movement to foci such as lymph nodes, which are absent in the axolotl. Evidence also is presented that the nature of the allograft can alter the overt expression of the immune response. Lastly, it is shown that while several kinds of neoplasms are seen in older axolotls, these animals tend to respond to allograft challenge more rapidly and more vigorously and thus, for this age group at least, seem to be inconsistent with some theories of aging.
Evaluations of pairs of experiences: A preference for happy endings

Experiences often consist of a number of temporally separated events or outcomes, events which might be positive or negative. Building on previous research, the present paper proposes that the chronological order of the component events influences overall evaluations of these experiences. In particular, a preference for happy endings is hypothesized such that an experience consisting of a positive and a negative event is evaluated as more satisfactory if the positive event occurs last. This preference is examined in three studies in a variety of contexts. A preference for happy endings is shown to influence people's preferences, even to the extent of influencing preferences for segregated versus integrated events (Thaler, 1985). The implications of a preference for happy endings for decision researchers are also explored.
Electrostatic and magnetostatic particle simulation models in three dimensions

Abstract Electrostatic and magnetostatic particle simulation models have been developed and tested for a magnetically confined plasma near thermal equilibrium. The model makes use of a three-dimensional grid elongated in the direction of a magnetic field to simulate plasma confinement devices. Linear interpolation is used on a two-dimensional grid perpendicular to a magnetic field while quadratic or cubic interpolation is used in the direction of the magnetic field. It is found that energy conservation is good and the fluctuation spectra for the electric and magnetic fields agree with theoretical predictions. The model presented here may be used as an alternative method to simulate a laboratory device along with the hybrid model which makes use of the combination of a two-dimensional spatial grid and an eigenfunction expansion along the main magnetic field.
Effects of Phase Fluctuations on the Sensitivity of NOON State in a Noisy Environment

We study effects of phase fluctuations on NOON state’s sensitivity in presence of realistic noise. Phase sensitivity is investigated with parity detection and calculated quantum Fisher information shows lower bound saturates quantum Cramer-Rao bound.
Diapirism and the origin of high TiO2 mare glasses

High TiO2 mare picritic glasses are derived from cumulate source regions that are only modestly endowed with ilmenite-enriched crystallization products. These sources are mobilized by the heat derived from the primitive interior and evolve into diapirs which rise adiabatically from depths in excess of 700 km. As these diapirs undergo pressure-release melting, they also stir in significant portions of the surrounding mantle.
Trading With the Bolsheviks: The Politics of East-West Trade, 1920-39

The United States of America and Russia, 1920-1932 Anglo-Soviet relations and the trade question, 1920-1929 France and Russia - from refusal to recognition, 1920-1925 France and Russia - from recognition to disillusion, 1924-1934 the United States and Russia, 1928-1935 the imperial factor and Anglo-Soviet relations, 1929-1935.
Beliefs and memories about child‐rearing across generations: mothers and grandmothers of one‐year old infants

Grandmothers and mothers of 1‐year old infants (n = 52; 31 maternal grandmothers and 21 paternal grandmothers) rated the frequency of 14 child‐rearing techniques or values (such as spanking and permitting treats). They each made these ratings twice: once, thinking back to when the mothers were little girls (and when grandmothers were raising their own children), and a second time, reflecting on how they treat their child/grandchild today. Their differing accounts were compared to attempt to ascertain whether patterns of “like mother, like daughter” or of cohort differences emerged. The results were more complex than would be predicted by either of these simple explanations and were different for the maternal and the paternal pairs. Grandmothers and mothers often had different memories of the past, yet believed they were behaving today much as happened in the past. The findings are considered within the view that memory of the past is not an exact copy of the past but is a reconstruction which is transform...
Strength post-spinal cord injury: myometer vs manual muscle test

This study was designed to compare changes in strength after spinal cord injury (SCI) with the use of a hand held myometer to the manual muscle test (MMT). Eighty-eight C4-C8 Frankel A-D tetraplegic subjects were tested at various times up to 2 years post-SCI. Elbow flexor strength on successive examinations were grouped according to their early and later MMT scores (3.5 with no change in MMT. 3.5 to 4.0, and 3.5 to 4.5; 4.0 with no change in MMT, 4.0 to 4.5, and 4.0 to 5.0; 4.5 with no change in MMT, and 4.5 to 5.0). For each group, later myometric measurements (MYO) were expressed as percents of their earlier MYO and were analyzed using paired Student t-tests. Later MYO were 116, 205, 232% (P > 0.05, P < 0.002, P < 0.05) of their earlier MYO for groups 3.5 with no change in the MMT, 3.5 to 4.0, and 3.5 to 4.5 respectively. Later MYO were 140, 139, 191% (P < 0.05, P < 0.02, P < 0.0001) of their earlier MYO for groups 4.0 with no change in MMT, 4.0 to 4.5, and 4.0 to 5.0 respectively. Later MYO were 127 and 126% (P < 0.01, P < 0.02) of their earlier MYO for groups 4.5 with no change in MMT and 4.5 to 5.0 respectively. In conclusion the hand held myometer detected changes in muscle strength not detected by the MMT.
Repetition priming in picture naming: sustained learning through the speeding of multiple processes

Picture naming has been used by vision researchers to study object identification, by language researchers to study word production, and by memory researchers to study implicit memory. Response times for naming repeated pictures decrease with successive repetitions. Repetition priming in picture naming involves an implicit, nonhippocampal form of memory. In this review, the processes speeded with repetition are decomposed, the time course of the effect is characterized, the factors affecting the magnitude of priming are enumerated, and possible mechanisms of priming are evaluated. Both behavioral response time and neuroimaging studies are considered. The processes that are speeded with repetition include high-level object identification and word production processes, but not low-level visual processes or articulation. Repetition priming lasts for at least several weeks and follows a typical forgetting function. The mechanism of priming is concluded to be speeded completion of the component processes of picture naming.
On the optimum data nonlinearity in LMS adaptation

The effect of an arbitrary nonlinear operation on the data input to the weight update equation in the LMS adaptive algorithm is investigated for a Gaussian data model. Exact difference equations are derived for the weight first and second moments that include the effects of an arbitrary nonlinear operation on the data sequence. The difference equations are used to obtain expressions for the transient behavior of the mean-square error. The mean-square error is minimized over the choice of nonlinearity for a fixed transient behavior. The best choice of nonlinearity is shown exactly to be of the form (x/1 + bx2) when the input data are white. For an arbitrary data covariance matrix, the optimum nonlinearity is shown to be linear when the product of the algorithm step size and input power is much less than unity.
Density distribution of hard—spherical molecules inside small pores of various shapes

Abstract The spatial density distribution for a fluid of uniform hard spheres inside hard-walled pores is expanded in a series in powers of the density of the bulk phase in equilibrium with the pore. The coefficients of the second- and third-order terms in this series are reported for three pore shapes: a flat slit, an infinite cylinder, and a spherical cavity. In the two latter cases the third-order coefficient is approximated with the aid of the Percus-Yevick theory of fluids. The results are applicable to the spatial distribution of solute molecules in pore-enclosed solutions.
Placebo-controlled comparison of prazosin and cognitive-behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances in US Military Veterans.

Objective Pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral treatments targeting insomnia and nightmares have been shown to be effective in the treatment of military veterans with sleep complaints comorbid with symptoms of stress-related disorders, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but the two approaches have not been directly compared. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of prazosin vs. a behavioral sleep intervention (BSI), targeting nightmares and insomnia against a placebo pill control condition on sleep and daytime symptoms.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire for a Chiropractic Curriculum

Abstract Objective The purposes of this study were to describe the questionnaire development process for evaluating elements of an evidence-based practice (EBP) curriculum in a chiropractic program and to report on initial reliability and validity testing for the EBP knowledge examination component of the questionnaire. Methods The EBP knowledge test was evaluated with students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program in the University of Western States. The initial version was tested with a sample of 374 and a revised version with a sample of 196 students. Item performance and reliability were assessed using item difficulty, item discrimination, and internal consistency. An expert panel assessed face and content validity. Results The first version of the knowledge examination demonstrated a low internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.55), and a few items had poor item difficulty and discrimination. This resulted in an expansion in the number of items from 20 to 40, as well as a revision of the poorly performing items from the initial version. The Kuder-Richardson 20 of the second version was 0.68; 32 items had item difficulties of between 0.20 and 0.80, and 26 items had item discrimination values of 0.20 or greater. Conclusions A questionnaire for evaluating a revised EBP-integrated curriculum was developed and evaluated. Psychometric testing of the EBP knowledge component provided some initial evidence for acceptable reliability and validity.
Older adults demonstrate greater accuracy in joint position matching using self-guided movements.

Abstract Greater proprioceptive accuracy has been found with active compared to passive movement. Therapeutic approaches in rehabilitation include varying levels of assistance with arm movements. This assistance may impact proprioceptive acuity. Eighteen older adults participated in a joint repositioning study. The ability to independently reproduce a shoulder flexion angle was investigated when the reference angle was set under the following conditions: (1) the examiner actively assisted participant’s motion to the reference angle chosen by the examiner, (2) the participant moved independently, but the examiner provided tactile cueing to stop at the reference angle chosen by the examiner, and (3) the participant independently moved to a self-selected reference angle. Participants were most accurate in the self-guided condition compared to the active assisted or tactile cueing conditions. Both the self-guided and tactilely cued conditions involved active movement, yet accuracy differed. In contrast, there was no difference in accuracy between the active assisted and tactile cueing conditions despite one involving more active movement. The results demonstrate active movement alone does not determine accuracy. External stimuli, either tactile input and/or a reference angle chosen by the examiner may diminish accuracy. This can be clinically relevant as proprioceptive performance has been linked to improved motor performance.
A Simplified Model for Plain Woven Fabrics

A simplified model for studying the behavior of plain woven fabrics is presented. The model consists of two plate elements including a thin layer of matrix between them. Hierarchic shape functions are employed to characterize the initially curved profile of the yarns and the displacements of the plate elements. The plate model is used in conjunction with a simple micro-model which accounts for the material nonlinear response and damage of the yams. The behavior of plain woven fabrics under inplane tension, compression and inplane shear is examined. The plate-micro model combination is shown to be able to predict the important features of plain woven fabric response adequately. Predictions of the strength of plain woven fabrics using the plate model are compared with 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) results and currently available experimental/analytical results.