cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of certain nonsteroid antirheumatic drugs on active amino acid transport across the small intestine

Indomethacin (5 mM), phenylbutazone (5 mM), and salicylate (15 mM) prevent the active transport of the amino acid, L-tryptophan, across the small intestine of the rat. Aspirin (15 mM) appears to inhibit somewhat, but does not prevent, this process. Salicylate (15 mM) significantly inhibits the active transport of L-tryptophan across the hamster small intestine; aspirin (15 mM) has no inhibitory effect. These results are consistent with the relative effectiveness of these drugs as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
Induction of apoptotic or lytic death in an ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line by antibodies generated against a synthetic N-terminal extracellular domain gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor peptide

Abstract A polyclonal antiserum was generated in ovariectomized sheep against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 5–17 of the deduced mouse pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. Antipeptide antibodies did not bind native cells, but did react strongly with a human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) reportedly sensitive to GnRH. Growth of cultured OVCAR-3 cells was specifically suppressed by antipeptide serum. This was attributed in part to programmed death (chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation) of cells by antibody-induced apoptosis. Antibodies also exhibited a cytolytic effect (lactate dehydrogenase release) toward OVCAR-3 cells in the presence of the complement. Endometria of passively immunized mice lacked development; thus, antipeptide antibodies evidently recognize Mullerian duct derivatives. Experiments are in progress to determine whether the putative antigen is a variant of the pituitary GnRH receptor or a largely dissimilar protein. Effector-functional antibodies could be useful in the management of ovarian or uterine neoplasia.
A post growth overlay transforms the conventional nospecific XP plate assay into one specific for alkaline or acid phosphatase activity

Abstract The conventional plate assay using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-inidolyl phosphate (XP) yields positive results with Salmonella typhimurium , which lacks the structural gene for alkaline phosphatase. This demonstrates that, despite common belief, this assay is not selective for alkaline phosphatase, but rather indicates total phosphatase activity. This is true even if plates on which growth occurs are strongly buffered at an alkaline pH. The assay may be modified by eliminating XP from the growth medium and incorporating it in a post growth soft agar overlay buffered at the appropriate pH. Under these conditions the assay becomes not only specific for either acid or alkaline phosphatase activity, but sufficiently sensitive to allow screening of mutants with relatively small variations in the activity of either of these enzymes.
Blood Gas Analysis on Penile Samples

A 25-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with a sustained erection (12 h) with severe pain. He had taken ibuprofen and showered with cold water with no improvement. His medications included bupropion and trazodone. The results from 2 consecutive blood samples (18 min apart) drawn from his penis …
Boundary conditions for stokes flows near a porous membrane

A theoretical development is carried out to model the boundary conditions for Stokes flows near a porous membrane, which, in general, allows non-zero slip as well as normal flow at the surface. Two types of models are treated: an infinitesimally thin plate with a periodic array of circular apertures and a series of parallel slits. For Stokes flows, the mean normal flux and slip velocity are proportional to the pressure difference across the membrane and the average shear stress at the membrane, respectively. The appropriate proportionality constants which depend on the membrane geometry are calculated as functions of the porosity. An interesting feature of the results is that the slip at the membrane has, in general, a direction different from that of the applied shear for these models.
RE-AIM Checklist for Integrating and Sustaining Tier 2 Social-Behavioral Interventions

Even though evidence-based Tier 2 programs are now more commonly available, integrating and sustaining these interventions in schools remain challenging. RE-AIM, which stands for Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance, is a public health framework used to maximize the effectiveness of health promotion programs in real-world contexts. The authors describe a Tier 2–specific RE-AIM checklist with criteria related to each RE-AIM dimension. These criteria aim to help school personnel evaluate, select, and adapt social-behavioral interventions to fit into their multitiered systems of support for social-behavioral intervention.
Numerical Analysis to Predict Dynamic Response of Mini Cantilever Beam Submerged in Viscous Fluids

This research employed the finite element analysis (FEA) method to predict the dynamic response of a mini cantilever beam partially submerged in viscous media. First, the FEA method was validated by comparing the numerical results with corresponding experiments. Then, extensive numerical analyses were performed to investigate the variation of modal response in terms of resonant frequency and Q-factor with changing fluid viscosity and density. The resonant frequency of the beam was found to be reduced with increasing the fluid viscosity and density. The Q-factor was also reduced with increasing fluid viscosity. However, it did not changed significantly by changing fluid density. Numerical analyses were also repeated with varying the depth of beam (one-third, two-third and full) submerged in viscous media. The beam was found to be the most sensitive to respond in resonant frequency and Q-factor when submerged by one-third in viscous media. Results obtained from this numerical study can be used to design the optimized MEMS based test set up for measuring the rheological properties of viscous fluid.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Quantum principal component analysis

Characterizing an unknown quantum state typically relies on analysing the outcome of a large set of measurements. Certain quantum-processing tasks are now shown to be realizable using only approximate knowledge of the state, which can be gathered with exponentially fewer resources.
Urinary diagnostic indices in preeclampsia-associated oliguria: Correlation with invasive hemodynamic monitoring☆

Seven oliguric women with preeclampsia were identified among patients admitted for obstetric care at Jefferson Davis or Hermann Hospitals in Houston, Texas. Urinary diagnostic indices (including urine-to-plasma ratios of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and osmolality) were generally consistent with a prerenal etiology for the observed oliguria. Conversely, invasive hemodynamic monitoring revealed a volume replete state in five of seven preeclamptic women studied. All patients were observed to have markedly elevated urinary sodium concentrations. The transient oliguria observed in these patients spontaneously resolved without diuretic or hyperosmolar agents. We conclude that oliguria is a poor index of volume status in preeclamptic women. Urinary diagnostic indices may also be misleading if used to guide fluid management in these patients. Finally, the clinical significance and therapeutic alternatives relating to preeclampsia-associated oliguria are discussed.
Neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) in plastic scintillators with digital PSD electronics

Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is a common method to distinguish between pulses produced by gamma rays and neutrons in scintillator detectors. This technique takes advantage of the property of many scintillators that excitations by recoil protons and electrons produce pulses with different characteristic shapes. Unfortunately, many scintillating materials with good PSD properties have other, undesirable properties such as flammability, toxicity, low availability, high cost, and/or limited size. In contrast, plastic scintillator detectors are relatively low-cost, and easily handled and mass-produced. Recent studies have demonstrated efficient PSD in plastic scintillators using a high concentration of fluorescent dyes. To further investigate the PSD properties of such systems, mixed plastic scintillator samples were produced and tested. The addition of up to 30 wt. % diphenyloxazole (DPO) and other chromophores in polyvinyltoluene (PVT) results in efficient detection with commercial detectors. These plastic scintillators are produced in large diameters up to 4 inches by melt blending directly in a container suitable for in-line detector use. This allows recycling and reuse of materials while varying the compositions. This strategy also avoids additional sample handling and polishing steps required when using removable molds. In this presentation, results will be presented for different mixed-plastic compositions and compared with known scintillating materials
Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alter phenylalanine transport

Abstract The deleterious effects on the brain of phenylketonuria are caused by the saturation of the blood–brain barrier large neutral amino acid transporter type 1 ( LAT1 ) by high plasma phenylalanine concentrations. There is only one known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the open reading frame of human LAT1 , N230K. Site-directed mutagenesis of the wild type human LAT1 cDNA replicated the N230K SNP, and the corresponding cloned RNA encoding either the wild type or N230K human LAT1 were injected into frog oocytes. The kinetics of phenylalanine transport via either form of the human LAT1 was not significantly different. Similarly, there was no difference in the kinetics of phenylalanine transport via the wild type rabbit LAT1 or the corresponding K226N mutant of rabbit LAT1 . These studies demonstrate that the only known SNP in the open reading frame of human LAT1 has no effect on the kinetics of large neutral amino acid transport via this carrier.
Crystal diffraction lens for medical imaging

A crystal diffraction lens for focusing energetic gamma rays has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory for use in medical imaging of radioactivity in the human body. A common method for locating possible cancerous growths in the body is to inject radioactivity into the blood stream of the patient and then look for any concentration of radioactivity that could be associated with the fast growing cancer cells. Often there are borderline indications of possible cancers that could be due to statistical functions in the measured counting rates. In order to determine if these indications are false or real, one must resort to surgical means and take tissue samples in the suspect area. We are developing a system of crystal diffraction lenses that will be incorporated into a 3- D imaging system with better sensitivity (factors of 10 to 20) and better spatial resolution (a few mm in both vertical and horizontal directions) than most systems presently in use. The use of this new imaging system will allow one to eliminate 90 percent of the false indications and both locate and determine the size of the cancer with mm precision. The lens consists of 900 single crystals of copper, 4 mm X 4 mm on a side and 2 - 4 mm thick, mounted in 13 concentric rings.
Determination of hexavalent chromium by using speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry after microwave speciated extraction of environmental and other solid materials.

Precise and accurate determination of hexavalent chromium in different types of solid environmental sample is regarded as a technical challenge with significant potential error if historically accepted methods are used. Microwave-assisted alkaline extraction (0.5 mol L−1 NaOH+0.28 mol L−1 Na2CO3) followed by anion-exchange chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric detection has been shown to provide accurate and precise results. To obtain a better understanding of potential species conversion during and/or after extraction steps, speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) (EPA Method 6800) metrology has been successfully applied as a diagnostic tool with the modified accompanying extraction version of EPA Method 3060A. In our study, aggregate materials distributed over a large area of a major western US state were found to contain a high concentration of total chromium (195±13 to 709±19 μg g−1) and significant amounts of Cr6+ (141±6 to 341±29 μg g−1) which are at least three orders of magnitude higher than the US EPA threshold limit (0.5 μg g−1). Sediment samples from a major western US state, studied independently, were found to contain less (1.77±0.34 μg g−1) or no Cr6+ in the presence of significant total chromium.
A comparative study of high affinity choline uptake and choline utilization in cholinergic and non-cholinergic tissues.

Abstract 1. Comparative studies of [ 3 H]choline accumulation were done in the Limulus corpora pedunculata, abdominal ganglia and cardiac ganglion. Dual uptake processes for choline were found in all three tissues. 2. In acute experiments, the corpora pedunculata high affinity choline uptake system showed exclusive sensitivity to ouabain. Prolonged exposure to ouabain revealed that the HAChUS of all three tissues were significantly inhibited. 3. The metabolism of [ 3 H]choline transported via the high affinity process in the three tissues was studied. [ 3 H]Acetylcholine was a major product of the [ 3 H]choline taken up by the corpora pedunculata and the abdominal ganglia. 4. Phosphorylcholine was the major product seen in cardiac ganglion extracts and occurred in significant proportions in abdominal ganglia extracts. 5. [ 3 H]Acetylcholine was not detected in cardiac ganglion extracts. 6. Treatment with either lithium chloride or hemicholinium-3 markedly inhibited high affinity uptake of [ 3 H]choline in all three tissues.
Research, mission statements, and international student advising offices

Abstract Four major lines of research on sojourner adaptation are reviewed and their influence on the development of mission statements in international student advising offices in American universities are posited. It is suggested that two lines of research are historically important in the sense that inferences derived from research on the “problems” of foreign student adaptation provided a basis for the establishment of international student advising offices whereas research on culture shock, stages of adjustment, and cross-cultural counseling led to a significant expansion of the mission of these “newly created” departments to include a host of counseling activities and more “psychologically” based orientation programs. The latter (more recent) lines of research are important because they provide empirical support for including in the mission statements of international student advising offices the notion of culture learning and the important role communication plays in facilitating adaptation. The paper concludes by discussing the training implications that derive from these four lines of research .
Note on an Alternate Method for the Computation of Rotational Energy Levels of Rigid Asymmetric Top Molecules

This note briefly describes a technique for the solution of the general eigenvalue problem and its application to a recent publication on the computation of rotational energy levels. Whereas the previous method involved computation of the eigenvalues of the pertinent tridiagonal arrays via a four-stage, double-precision process combining three iteration techniques, it is demonstrated that similar results may be obtained through the single stage procedure of this note using only single-precision arithmetic.
Jamming in granular polymers.

We examine the jamming transition in a two-dimensional granular polymer system using compressional simulations. The jamming density ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$ decreases with increasing length of the granular chain due to the formation of loop structures, in excellent agreement with recent experiments. The jamming density can be further reduced in mixtures of granular chains and granular rings, also as observed in experiment. We show that the nature of the jamming in granular polymer systems has pronounced differences from the jamming behavior observed for polydisperse two-dimensional disk systems at point $J$. This result provides further evidence that there is more than one type of jamming transition.
Measurement of b-jet to inclusive jet ratio in PbPb and pp collisions at s=2.76 TeV with the CMS detector

Abstract Modification to jets in high-energy heavy–ion collisions is expected to depend on the flavor of the fragmenting parton. To disentangle this flavor dependence, jets from heavy quark fragmentation are identified for the first time in heavy–ion collisions. Jets are first tagged by their secondary vertices and the contribution from bottom quarks is extracted using template fits to their secondary mass distribution. The bottom quark jet to inclusive jet ratio is measured with the CMS detector in PbPb and pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. The b-jet fraction is measured in the range of 80 jet p T 200 GeV / c in PbPb collisions and found to lie in the range of 2.9–3.5% ± 0.6–1.1% depending on jet p T . The measured values for PbPb and pp are comparable, within uncertainties, to those predicted by simulation. The measurement is a promising method to study b-quark energy loss. Improved statistics should allow to make a more precise comparison between light and b-quark quenching.
How do tranquilizing agents selectively inhibit conditioned avoidance responding

A number of tranquilizing agents have been shown to inhibit conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) at doses that do not interfere with escape responses (ER). To test the hypothesis that this selective action may be due to differential response strengths of the two responses, rats were trained to press retractable levers in an operant chamber either to avoid a 0.5 mA shock during a 5.0-s warning period or to escape from a low-intensity shock within 5.0 s. The intensity of the latter shock was adjusted for each animal so that CAR and ER were comparable in terms of probability of occurrence and latency. While doses of chlorpromazine, clonidine, diazepam, and morphine that reduced CAR by 30%–50% did not significantly affect high-shock ER, i.e., ER on CAR trials where no CAR occurred, they interfered with low-shock ER to the same degree as CAR. These and other results suggest that the selective blockade of the CAR by these drugs in the CAR paradigm is primarily due to differential strengths of the CAR and ER. They also support studies concluding that tranquilizing drugs reduce avoidance because of a deficit in the ability to initiate motor responses, rather than interfering with associative processes or reducing situation-induced emotional reactions. However, the finding of a small differential effect, at least with chlorpromazine, on CAR and low-shock ER across trials within sessions indicated that different mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of these two responses.
To Cheat or Not to Cheat: Rationalizing Academic Impropriety

Academic cheating and fraud are becoming more prevalent. The Internet removes barriers and opens access to information and increases the opportunities for academic fraud. The incentives to succeed academically also are increasing as higher education continues to grow in importance. A student's rationalization is the last, critical piece needed to spawn an academic fraud. The aim of this study, undertaken in the USA, is to explore and document the association between students' rationalizations and fraudulent academic decisions and behaviours. We use statistical tests and regression analyses to document significant associations between several rationalizations and academic cheating. We find that rationalization only influences students' assessment of the acceptability of actions when there is some ambiguity about whether or not the action is permitted. Further, we find that students are able to justify unacceptable behaviour if they believe their peers have an unfair advantage, they believe they are not get...
Dissolution of bornite in sulfuric acid using oxygen as oxidant

Leaching of natural bornite in a sulfuric acid solution with oxygen as oxidant was investigated using the parameters: temperature, particle size, initial concentration of ferrous, ferric and cupric ions, and using microscopic, X-ray and electronprobe microanalysis to characterize the reaction products. Additionally, stirring rate, pH and PO2 were varied. Dissolution curves for percent copper extracted as a function of time were sigmoidal in shape with three distinct periods of reaction: induction, autocatalytic and post-autocatalytic which levelled off at 28% dissolution of copper. The length of the induction period was not reproducible, causing the dissolution curves to be shifted with respect to time. The dissolution curves in the autocatalytic and post-autocatalytic regions were reproducible, and this property was utilized to treat much of the kinetic data. The iron dissolution curves had four dissolution regions. An initial small but rapid release of iron to solution preceded the three periods just given for copper dissolution. Aside from this initial iron release, the iron and copper dissolution curves were almost identical. Stirring rate had no effect on dissolution of copper above 400 min−1 nor did oxygen flow rate in the range 20–40 cm3/min. Dissolution rate was slightly dependent on oxygen partial pressure for PO2 < 0.67. Hydrogen ion concentration had no effect except that sufficient acid was required to prevent hydrolysis and precipitation of iron salts. The dissolution rate was directly dependent on the reciprocal of particle diameter indicating possible surface chemical reaction control, but the activation energy of 35.9 kJ/mol (8.58 kcal/mol) for the autocatalytic region of copper dissolution is slightly too small for that, though not unreasonable. Initial addition of Fe2+ had a rather complex effect and markedly enhanced dissolution of copper, as also did initial addition of Fe3+. Microscopic analysis showed nuclei of two new phases, covellite and Cu3FeS4, in the induction region. The new phases grow rapidly in the autocatalytic stage, which is controlled by nuclei formation and chemical reaction. The post-autocatalytic region is characterized by complete transformation of bornite into covellite on the particle surfaces and Cu3FeS4 as an internal product with an X-ray spectrum very similar to that of chalcopyrite. The post-autocatalytic region is controlled by autocatalytic growth of newly formed phases. Further reaction beyond the autocatalytic region (percent copper dissolution > 28%) occurs so slowly with oxygen as oxidant that it was not studied. The rate of copper dissolution appears to be controlled by the rate of iron dissolution. Using that and the other experimental evidence a mechanism for reaction is proposed in which iron-deficient bornite, Cu5Fe▭S4, is formed on the surface by initial preferential iron dissolution. Labile Cu+ diffuses into this from Cu5Fe▭SO4 and unreacted bornite to produce CuS on the surface. Depletion of labile Cu+ ions from Cu5FeS4 produces Cu3FeS4 in the interior of the mineral particles.
Redefining response in overactive bladder syndrome

OBJECTIVE To evaluate three potential definitions of treatment response in overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, based on the International Continence Society (ICS) definition of OAB, using pooled data from two large clinical trials of the antimuscarinic agent solifenacin succinate. PATIENTS AND METHODS As the ICS definition of OAB does not rely on urodynamic observations for a diagnosis, the use of composite endpoints, such as in the definitions examined here, might provide a more relevant measure of patient benefits. Each definition was tested to assess the impact of pharmacotherapy, comparing treatment response rates based on composite endpoints. Responder definitions were validated based on the impact on quality of life (QoL). Pooled data from two 12-week multinational, multicentre, double-blind randomized studies of solifenacin, a once-daily oral antimuscarinic for treating OAB symptoms, were used for this analysis. Based on the symptom data from these studies (episodes of urgency, incontinence, nocturia and voiding frequency per 24 h), response was defined as being: (i) a reduction by half or more in all baseline symptoms; (ii) a reduction by half or more in urgency and at least one other symptom; or (iii) resolution of urgency episodes and at least one other symptom. Health-related QoL changes were recorded using the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). RESULTS Solifenacin at 5 mg or 10 mg once daily resulted in significantly higher response rates than with placebo, irrespective of the definition of a responder (P ≤ 0.001). When assessing the most challenging definition of response (resolution of urgency and at least one other symptom), solifenacin at 5 mg and 10 mg resulted in 20% and 25% of patients, respectively, meeting the response criteria, vs 12% of placebo-treated patients (P ≤ 0.001 for both solifenacin doses). For all three definitions of response, responders showed greater improvements in all KHQ domains than did nonresponders, and the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The two strictest definitions of response (halving or more in all baseline symptoms or resolution of urgency and more than one other symptom) appeared to capture QoL changes most effectively. Establishing the most appropriate definition to assess treatment-related changes in OAB will require further investigation, but it is clear from this analysis that composite clinical endpoints, based on the ICS definition of OAB, are a valid approach for assessing the effect of treatments for OAB.
Possible Role of Potassium in Pullet Disease.

Summary1. According to laboratory records so-called pullet disease ranked second in pathologic importance in Connecticut chickens during the last 4 calendar years.2. It was characterized in over 2/3 of the cases by kidney damage similar to visceral gout.3. The “salt effect” resulting from feeding sodium citrate to chicks according to Correll, was found to correspond to experimental visceral gout. 4. The protective action of potassium salts against the “salt effect” was confirmed and shown to hold for simple compounds like potassium chloride or a good agricultural grade of muriate of potash at levels of 1 to 2% in the feed. 5. Molasses due to its potassium content was found to be protective, which rationalizes the corresponding empirical treatment for pullet disease. 6. In a small-scale experiment on spontaneous pullet disease cases, potassium chloride seemed helpful which suggests its use during molasses shortage.
Mode of occurrence of arsenic in four US coals

An integrated analytical approach has been used to determine the mode of occurrence of arsenic in samples of four widely used US coals: the Pittsburgh, Illinois #6, Elkhorn/Hazard, and Wyodak. Results from selective leaching, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, and electron microprobe analysis show that pyrite is the principal source of arsenic in the three bituminous coals, but the concentration of As in pyrite varies widely. The Wyodak sample contains very little pyrite; its arsenic appears to be primarily associated with organics, as As3+, or as arsenate. Significant (10–40%) fractions of arsenate, derived from pyrite oxidation, are also present in the three bituminous coal samples. This information is essential in developing predictive models for arsenic behavior during coal combustion and in other environmental settings.
Accordion right coronary artery: An unusual complication of ptca guidewire entrapment

The contour of the epicardial coronary vessels may change considerably during coronary angioplasty. We report the extreme and unique "accordion-like" wrinkling of the mid right coronary artery as a result of distal guidewire entrapment during coronary angioplasty. Recognition of this artifact and its treatment may prevent further complications of coronary angioplasty.
Demand estimation in lost sales inventory systems

This article considers the problem of estimating parameters of the demand distribution in lost sales inventory systems. In periods when lost sales occur demand is not observed; one knows only that demand is larger than sales. We assume that demands form a sequence of IID normal random variables, which could be a residual demand process after filtering out seasonality and promotional nonstationarities. We examine three estimators for the mean and standard deviation: maximum likelihood estimator, BLUE (best linear unbiased estimator), and a new estimator derived here. Extensive simulations are reported to compare the performance of the estimators for small and large samples and a variety of parameter settings. In addition, I show how all three estimators can be incorporated into sequential updating routines. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On androgynous caring: A response to Sayers

Sayers raises two significant issues in her paper. First, she emphasizes the importance of using psychoanalytic theory to examine the fate of behaviors and impulses within a person that are socially associated with the opposite sex. Second, she begins to take issue with the notion of women as relational and caring by starting to explore whether there might not be contrary impulses expressed when women care for others. My purpose here is to question Sayers’ use of Freud as justification for what is essentially a notion of androgynous wholeness and to think about motherhood one of women’s caring relationships in terms of the androgyny she prescribes. Although Sayers is correct to advocate the use of psychoanalytic theory to study gender development, she herself is remarkably unFreudian. Instead of sustained attention to the impact of early experience, to sexuality or the presence of male and female bodies, and to the fact that repressed material is repressed because it is in some sense deeply problematic, Sayers seems to be suggesting that boys and girls naturally have characteristics of both sexes. The presence of these characteristics is never explained. What is worthy of explanation is the fate of those characteristics that are socially unacceptable because of one’s gender but which continue to be expressed in “neurotic” form. Sayers’ own interests seem to revolve around the potential for peaceable, androgynous wholeness, particularly as might be achieved by women able to express their individualistic, masculine intentions as well as their feminine, caring predispositions. This move to androgyny is simplistic. First, Sayers ignores the extent to which women’s need for autonomy and men’s for connection might in complicated and unfortunate fashion perpetuate existing gender arrangements. This is Flax’s (1978) point when she speaks of women depending upon their daughters to provide the support for autonomy strivings which they themselves did not get as children. In the process, their daughters remain similarly needy. This is also Benjamin’s (1980) point in suggesting that we examine relationships between already polarized males and females. Although Benjamin sees both sexes looking for the side lost to them, she elaborates upon the way men, often violently, search for limits in women while women, searching for experiences of mastery, often vicariously identify with the men that master them. Second, although Sayers’ question could lead to an examination of the notion of the person as a unified subject, she herself subscribes to a view of post-
Giardia lamblia: uptake of pyrimidine nucleosides.

Abstract The aerotolerant, anaerobic parasite Giardia lamblia, which depends solely upon salvage pathways for its pyrimidine requirements, was found to transport uridine, cytidine, and thymidine by a carrier mediated mechanism. Support for this conclusion comes from the facts that uptake of radiolabeled uridine, cytidine, and thymidine exhibited saturation kinetics, and uptake of these same radiolabeled nucleosides was inhibited by unlabeled homologs, certain pyrimidine analogs, iodoacetate, and N-ethylmaleimide. Uridine and cytidine (perhaps uracil and cytosine also) are postulated to be transported at a common site which is distinct from the site for thymidine transport. Thymidine does appear to bind nonproductively to the uridine/ cytidine transport site, but the reverse of this does not appear to occur.
Temperature dependence of vibrational energy transfer in liquids: VV relaxation of CO(ν = 1) by O2 in liquid Ar from 86 to 145 K

Abstract The rate constant for the energy transfer process has been measured for CO and O2 dilute in liquid Ar along the coexistence curve between 86 and 145 K. The results are compared to gas phase measurements of this rate constant over the same temperature range. The ratio of the rate constants in the two phases is compared to that predicted by an application of the isolated binary collision (IBC) model for energy trasnfer, which scales the energy transfer rate constants by the rate constants for binary collisions in the two phases. The theoretical predictions of the IBC model are that the liquid state energy transfer rate constant, kl, should be 30–60% greater than the gas phase energy transfer rate constant, kg. The measured value of kl is, within the experimental error, equal to that for kg. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed.
Effects of Social Conditions on the Expression of Sex‐role Stereotypes

In this study, 129 female and 83 male undergraduates were asked to make judgments about identical male and female law school applicants. Evaluations of the candidate employed two types of measures: (a) direct measures set up to assess judgments based upon objective criteria such as GPA and aptitude test scores, and (b) indirect measures designed to provide more opportunity for subjective factors and subtle ways for stereotyping to operate. It was hypothesized that increased social awareness of sex discrimination would reduce more blatant types of stereotyping expressed in the direct measures and force stereotyping into more subtle forms, measurable through the construction of the indirect indices. The results revealed no differences between male and female candidates on the direct measures. However, stereotyping appeared on indirect measures associated with personality characteristics and employment alternatives. The investigators concluded that prejudicial attitudes toward women continue to exist and are expressed in more subtle or „hidden” forms. Suggestions for developing means for measuring these attitudes as well as practical considerations for reducing discrimination in employment settings were presented.
Metastable ion studies: ethyl(methoxy)(chloro) silanes

Metastable ion scanning was used to investigate the fragmentation patterns of ethyl(trimethoxy)silane, ethyl(dimethoxy)chlorosilane and ethyl(methoxy)dichlorosilane, their deuterated counterparts and ethyl-trichlorosilane. For these compounds the molecule ion has a low abundance using 70 eV electron impact ionization. In all cases the base peak corresponds to the loss of neutral C 2 H 5 . When chemical ionization is employed with isobutane, usable peaks representative of the molecule ions are observed
CO on Pt(335) and Pt(111): Vibrational stark effect and electron energy loss investigation

Abstract An earlier study of CO on the stepped Pt(335) surface found a surprisingly large difference between the Stark tuning rates of CO on the step edge and CO on the (111) terrace. We report results of two experiments designed to clarify the source of this difference. In one experiment IR Spectroscopy in the range 1820–2020 cm −1 was used to measure the Stark tuning rate of CO on the flat Pt(111) surface. The external-field tuning rate of on-top CO at saturation coverage is (2.56 ± 0.12) × 10 −7 cm −1 /(V/cm), a factor two smaller than that of edge CO on Pt(335) at low coverage. The external-field Stark tuning rate of bridge-bonded CO on Pt(111) is about 50% larger than that of on-top CO. If one assumes the static and IR fields are screened equally, the local-field Stark tuning rate of on-top CO is (3.4 ± 0.9) × 10 −7 cm −1 /(V/cm), a factor four smaller than for CO on Pt(111) at the aqueous double layer. One explanation for the smaller than expected Stark tuning rates of CO on Pt in UHV is excess screening of the static electric field. In another experiment, electron energy loss spectroscopy was used to study CO on Pt(335). The spectra show bridge-bonded CO on Pt(335) at saturation coverage and at 40% of saturation. This is the first observation of bridge-bonded CO on Pt(335). A combination overtone and double-loss peak was observed at saturation coverage, with intensity relative to the fundamental of 0.017 ± 0.003, about a factor two larger than observed by Steininger et al. on Pt(111).
Harmonic measure,L 2-estimates and the Schwarzian derivative

We consider several results, each of which uses some type of “L 2” estimate to provide information about harmonic measure on planar domains. The first gives an a.e. characterization of tangent points of a curve in terms of a certain geometric square function. Our next result is anL p estimate relating the derivative of a conformal mapping to its Schwarzian derivative. One consequence of this is an estimate on harmonic measure generalizing Lavrentiev’s estimate for rectifiable domains. Finally, we considerL 2 estimates for Schwarzian derivatives and the question of when a Riemann mapping ϕ has log ϕ′ in BMO.
Reproductive dysgenesis in wildlife: a comparative view

Abnormal reproductive development in males has been linked to environmental contaminant exposure in a wide variety of vertebrates. These include humans, rodent models, and a large number of comparative wildlife species. In human males, abnormal reproductive development can manifest as a suite of symptoms, described collectively as testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). TDS is also described as demasculinization or feminization of the male phenotype. The suite includes cryptorchidism, in situ germ cell carcinoma of the testis and overt testicular cancer, reduced semen quality, and hypospadias. In this paper, we review examples of TDS among comparative species. Wildlife exposed to environmental contaminants are susceptible to some of the same developmental abnormalities and subsequent symptoms as those seen in human males with TDS. There are additional end points, which are also discussed. In some cases, the symptoms are more severe than those normally seen in humans with TDS (i.e. oocytes developing within the testis) because some non-mammalian species exhibit greater innate reproductive plasticity, and are thus more easily feminized. Based on our review, we present an approach regarding the ontogeny of TDS. Namely, we suggest that male susceptibility to the androgynizing influences of environmental contaminants originates in the sexually undifferentiated embryo, which, in almost all species, including humans, consists of bipotential reproductive tissues. These tissues can develop as either male or female and their ultimate direction depends on the environment in which they develop.
Atmospheric patterns forcing two regimes of arctic circulation: A return to anticyclonic conditions?

Atmospheric sea level pressure (SLP) patterns associated with two regimes of ice-ocean circulation are identified by sorting the data into bins depending on whether modeled Arctic Ocean circulation was anticyclonic or cyclonic. The transition between regimes is a zonally symmetric SLP cell with maximum amplitude at the north pole. From 1946 to 1997, four anticyclonic and four cyclonic regimes track the Arctic Ocean SLP oscillation. Recent SLP data suggest that the ocean-atmosphere system will shift, or has already shifted, to an anticyclonic state.
Public Financial Management and Fiscal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries

This paper examines, in a formal econometric framework, the linkages between public financial management and fiscal outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries. Similar analyses have been done for Latin America, Europe, and the United States, but none in the context of low-income countries. Using public financial management indicators, as measured in two recent assessments related to the Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, this study shows that improving public financial management leads to better fiscal outcomes, as measured by the overall fiscal balance and external debt levels, after controlling for other characteristics that might alter fiscal outcomes.
Analytical and Experimental Analysis of a Self-Compensating Dynamic Balancer in a Rotating Mechanism

A theoretical and experimental approach was used to investigate the motion and effectiveness of a Self-Compensating Dynamic Balancer (SCDB). This is a device intended to minimize the effects of rotor imbalance and vibratory forces on a rotating system during normal operation. The basic concept of an automatic dynamic balancer has been described in many U.S. patents. The SCDB is composed of a circular disk with a groove containing massive balls and a low viscosity damping fluid. The objective of this research is to determine the motion of the balls and how this ball motion is related to the vibration of the rotating system using both theoretical and experimental methods. The equations of motion the balls were derived by the Lagrangian method. Static and dynamic solutions were derived from the analytic model. To consider dynamic stability of the motion, perturbation equations were investigated by two different methods: Floquet theory and direct computer simulation. On the basis of the results of the stability investigation, ball positions which result in a balance system are stable above the critical speed and unstable at critical speed and below critical speed. To determine the actual critical speed of the rotating system used in the experimental work, a modal analysis was conducted. Experimental results confirm the predicted ball positions. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, when the system operates below and near the first critical speed, the balls do not balance the system. However, when the system operates above the first critical speed the balls can balance the system.
Profile of a large sample of patients with social phobia: Comparison between generalized and specific social phobia

This study examines a large cohort of subjects with social phobia, as part of a larger naturalistic and longitudinal study of 711 subjects with anxiety disorders. We focused on 176 subjects who were in an episode of social phobia at intake. We were particularly interested in evaluating the diagnostic distinction between generalized and specific social phobia. We compared these two groups along demographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychosocial functioning (health, role functioning, social functioning, and emotional functioning) and global assessment scores. We found that generalized social phobics tended to have an earlier age of onset as compared to the specific group; however, this is not a statistically significant difference at this level of analysis. The two groups did not differ for the current comorbidities examined. We observed no differences in the treatment received by the two types of social phobia subjects, and the two groups functioned equally well in terms of health and fulfilling social roles. In addition, we examined adverse childhood events (i.e., death of a parent, childhood abuse) and found no evidence for any differential impact these events might have on the type of social phobia. Although we did observe significantly greater fear of public speaking among the specific compared to the generalized group, which may indicate a qualitative difference between the subtypes, our results suggest that for most parameters, generalized and specific social phobia represent a continuum of similar and overlapping entities. Depression and Anxiety 4:209–216, 1996/1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ong's voice: “I,” the oral intellect, you, and we

How does sound affect our humanity, our thought processes, and our culture? A review of the most pertinent of Walter J. Ong's book‐length works suggests that Ong's contributions to an appreciation and understanding of the role of sound in higher mental processes, and of the manner in which that role affects the human condition, may be heard as a revealing echo of that scholar's very personal search for “I. “ In a search for an author's voice, the author's oral “I”; may be a valuable key.
Acute effects of estradiol on circulating luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations and on serotonin turnover in individual brain nuclei.

Two experiments tested whether serotonergic neurons participate in the acute feedback effects of estradiol on LH and PRL secretion. In the first study, ovariectomized female rats received oil vehicle or estradiol benzoate and were killed 3 h later. The turnover of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT)] in microdissected brain nuclei was assessed from its accumulation after monoamine oxidase inhibition. Estradiol treatment produced a gradual rise in PRL and a decline in LH, and potentiated the accumulation of 5-HT in the medial preoptic, ventromedial, and cortical amygdaloid nuclei, suggesting increased turnover. Concentrations of the metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, were also elevated in these areas. 5-HT turnover was unaffected by estradiol in the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, periventricular, dorsomedial, or lateral amygdaloid nuclei. The second experiment tested whether localized 5-HT depletions in these estradiol-activated nuclei blocked the acute effects of the steroid on LH ...
Explaining the recent growth in Medicaid spending

Abstract Medicaid spending more than doubled from 1988 to 1992, reversing a long trend of cost containment in the program. Reasons for the cost explosion are severalfold. ( 1 ) Congress expanded eligibility to more children, pregnant women, and low-income elderly persons. (2) The recession has added more people to the Medicaid rolls. (3) Growing numbers of disabled cash assistance recipients have increased Medicaid enrollment. (4) States have increased their use of federal Medicaid funds to supplement previously state-funded programs and have become more skillful in leveraging federal funds to defray the cost of their Medicaid programs. This DataWatch explores the relative impact of enrollment changes, inflation, and increased reimbursement on the increase in Medicaid spending.