cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The main immunogenic region of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: interaction of monoclonal antibodies with synthetic peptides.

Summary Monoclonal antibodies to the main immunogenic region of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor have been studied with regard to their binding to synthetic peptides. It was found that monoclonal antibody 210 to the main immunogenic region binds to the synthetic fragment spanning residues 66 to 76 of the α subunits of the acetylcholine receptor from human muscle, but not to the homologous sequence from Xenopus . This parallels the reactivities of antibodies to the main immunogenic region with intact receptors from two species, and confirms the biological significance of the weak interactions observed between antibodies to this region and synthetic peptides. It also suggests that N α 68 and D α 71 are critical contact residues.
Teaching for self‐directed learning

(1980). Teaching for self‐directed learning. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 19, Teaching Methods: Learning Applications, pp. 134-140.
Efficient user and broadcast authentication scheme for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks are collections of tiny sensors working collaboratively to gather information. Two major shortcomings of today's WSNs are scarce energy and memory resources making it difficult to devise robust and effective security measures. Keyed-hash chains have been proposed as an efficient solution. Nevertheless, the basic configuration of one-way hash chains, where a shared key is hashed with no limits on the length of the chain causes an unwanted computational overhead and a potential security breach. In this paper, we propose a mini one-way hash chain protocol for user and broadcast authentication that is as effective, while at the same time significantly reducing the computational overhead. We avoid the potential security breach by using easily computed one time authentication tokens to secure communication. We also demonstrate that our protocol is energy preserving, light and efficient. Our simulation and evaluation tests reflect its benefit over straightforwardly configured one-way hash chains.
Carbohydrate and carbon metabolite accumulation responses in leaves of ozone tolerant and ozone susceptible spinach plants after acute ozone exposure.

The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of plants to ozone (O3) increased the foliar levels of glucose, glucose sources, e.g., sucrose and starch, and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), because in leaf cells, glucose is the precursor of the antioxidant, L-ascorbate, and glucose-6-phosphate is a source of NADPH needed to support antioxidant capacity. A further objective was to establish whether the response of increased levels of glucose, sucrose, starch and G6P in leaves could be correlated with a greater degree of plant tolerance to O3. Four commercially available Spinacia oleracea varieties were screened for tolerance or susceptibility to detrimental effects of O3 employing one 6.5 hour acute exposure to 25O nL O3 L-1 air during the light. One day after the termination of ozonation (29 d post emergence), leaves of the plants were monitored both for damage and for gas exchange characteristics. Cultivar Winter Bloomsdale (cv Winter) leaves were least damaged on a quantitative grading scale. The leaves of cv Nordic, the most susceptible, were approximately 2.5 times more damaged. Photosynthesis (Pn) rates in the ozonated mature leaves of cv Winter were 48.9% less, and in cv Nordic, 66.2% less than in comparable leaves of their non-ozonated controls. Stomatal conductance of leaves of ozonated plants was found not to be a factor in the lower Pn rates in the ozonated plants. At some time points in the light, leaves of ozonated cv Winter plants had significantly higher levels of glucose, sucrose, starch, G6P, G1P, pyruvate and malate than did leaves of ozonated cv Nordic plants. It was concluded that leaves of cv Winter displayed a higher tolerance to ozone mediated stress than those of cv Nordic, in part because they had higher levels of glucose and G6P that could be mobilized during diminished photosynthesis to generate antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate) and reductants (e.g., NADPH). Elevated levels of both pyruvate and malate in the leaves of ozonated cv Winter suggested an increased availability of respiratory substrates to support higher respiratory capacity needed for repair, growth, and maintenance.
Determination of transient plate efficiencies from operational data

Methods are presented for the determination of the transient values of the vaporization efficiencies from the knowledge of various combinations of the transient values of operating variables. For the case where the temperature and the composition of the liquid phase for each plate are known, a direct solution for the vaporization efficiencies is presented. Also, a method is presented for the determination of the mixing parameters of a generalized plate model on the basis of known transient values of certain operating variables.
Native Xquery processing in oracle XMLDB

With XQuery becoming the standard language for querying XML, and the relational SQL platform being recognized as an important platform to store and process XML, the SQL/XML standard is integrating XML query capability into the SQL system by introducing new SQL functions and constructs such as XMLQuery() and XMLTable. This paper discusses the Oracle XMLDB XQuery architecture for supporting XQuery in the Oracle ORDBMS kernel which has the XQuery processing tightly integrated with the SQL/XML engine using native XQuery compilation, optimization and execution techniques.
High-speed alumina nanotemplate fabrication on silicon substrate

Alumina nanotemplates integrated on silicon substrate with pore diameters of 12 nm to 100 nm were prepared by galvanostatic anodization. High current density (e.g. 100 mA.cm-2) promoted a highly ordered hexagonal pore structure with fast formation rate independent of anodizing solutions, where 2000 nm/min, 1000 nm/min were achieved at current densities of 100 mA.cm -2 and 50 mA.cm -2 , respectively. These rates were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than other reports in the literature. Different electrolytes of sulfuric acid (1.8 to 7.2 M), oxalic acid (0.3 M) and mixed solutions of sulfuric and oxalic acid were evaluated as anodizing solutions. Sulfuric acid promoted smaller pore diameter with lower porosity than mixed acids and oxalic acid. The I-V characteristics strongly depend on solution composition, temperature, and bath agitation. In the case of sulfuric acid, the breakdown voltage (U B ) varied linearly with logarithmic of sulfuric acid concentration (U B = 24.5-11 log [H 2 SO 4 ]) and it decreased at higher temperature. The pore diameter of silicon-integrated alumina nanotemplate varied linearly with measured voltage with a slope of 2.1 nm/V, which is slightly smaller than reported data on bulk aluminum (2.2 nm/V and 2.77 nm/V). Thermoelectric Bi 2 Te 3 nanowires with diameter of 43 nm were electrodeposited.
Pion single and double charge exchange in the resonance region: Dynamical corrections

We consider pion-nucleus elastic scattering and single- and double-charge-exchange scattering to isobaric analog states near the (3,3) resonance within an isospin invariant framework. We extend previous theories by introducing terms into the optical potential $U$ that are quadratic in density and consistent with isospin invariance of the strong interaction. We study the sensitivity of single and double charge exchange angular distributions to parameters of the second-order potential both numerically, by integrating the Klein-Gordon equation, and analytically, by using semiclassical approximations that explicate the dependence of the exact numerical results to the parameters of $U$. The magnitude and shape of double charge exchange angular distributions are more sensitive to the isotensor term in $U$ than has been hitherto appreciated. An examination of recent experimental data shows that puzzles in the shape of the $^{18}\mathrm{O}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}, {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ angular distribution at 164 MeV and in the $A$ dependence of the forward double charge exchange scattering on $^{18}\mathrm{O}$, $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$, and $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ at the same energy may be resolved by adding an isotensor term in $U$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Scattering theory for elastic, single-, and double-charge-exchange scattering to IAS in the region of the $P33$ resonance. Second-order effects on charge-exchange calculations of $\ensuremath{\sigma}(A, \ensuremath{\theta})$.
Napalilactone, a new halogenated norsesquiterpenoid from the soft coral Lemnalia africana

Abstract Napalilactone (1) was isolated from the soft coral Lemnalia africana collected in Pohnpei. Compound 1 is the first halogenated norsesquiterpenoid reported from a soft coral.
Analytical threshold voltage model with TCAD simulation verification for design and evaluation of tri-gate MOSFETs

Abstract The dynamics of the threshold voltage calculation is evaluated for the tri-gate architecture of device. The 3-D poisson’s equation with eight boundary conditions is solved analytically and an analytical threshold model for tri-gate Si MOSFET device is developed. TCAD simulation result of the same device structure is also presented and it agrees well with our threshold analytical model. Furthermore, this analytical threshold model is capable of doing rudimentary first order comparisons of the threshold voltage with respect to device dimensions and semiconductor material type.
Molecular Structure and Fungicidal Activity against Ceratocystis ulmi of the 1:1 Adducts of Triphenyltin Chloride and 2,3‐Disubstituted Thiazolidin‐4‐ones

Several 1 : 1 addition compounds between triphenyltin chloride and 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-one ligands have been synthesized. Their molecular structure has been deduced using far IR and Mossbauer spectroscopies. In addition, molecular modeling of several of the complexes was used to explain the variation of the quadrupole splitting values in the Mossbauer spectra. The structures of the complexes were determined to be trigonal-bipyramidal with the three phenyl groups in the equatorial plane. However, the phenyl groups are not co-planar, on the basis of the observation of both the Sn-C (phenyl) symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations. The adducts were screened against the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi, the agent responsible for Dutch elm disease, and found to be effective in the inhibition of this fungus. The toxicity of the adducts varied with the hydrophobicity of the molecule. A direct correlation between substitution on the phenyl group on the thiazolidine ring and the toxicity of the compound was not observed.
Wave-vector-space method for wave propagation in bounded media.

A method for solving wave propagation problems in bounded media that operates entirely in wave-vector space is presented. No boundary conditions are used in the solution in contrast to the real-space method. The transmission/reflection problem of an electromagnetic wave on a dielectric half-space is solved as an illustration of the method. The dispersion relations of vacuum and medium, Snell's law, the reflection angle law, and the Fresnel reflection/transmission formulas are obtained from these procedures. Applications to wave-vector dispersion problems, where the method appears to be essential, are pointed out.
Local order influences initiation of plastic flow in metallic glass: Effects of alloy composition and sample cooling history

Abstract Bulk metallic glasses (MGs) with tunable plasticity and strength have been reported recently. Using Cu–Zr and Cu–Zr–Al MG models, here we illustrate how and why alloy composition and cooling history influence the initial flow behavior in the early stage of plasticity. Starting from Cu46Zr54, either increasing the Cu concentration, or substituting Al for a few percent of Zr, increases the resistance to the initiation of plastic flow, the softening after the local yielding, and the propensity for strain localization. These effects are shown to be intrinsic to the uniform, fully amorphous MGs and rooted in their internal structure. Our quantitative monitoring of the local environment, especially the role of full-icosahedral clusters in shear transformations, identifies the fertile and resistant structural entities controlling deformation. The structural mechanisms have implications for macroscopic plasticity, and the alloy dependence of the MG structure reveals a microscopic origin underlying the varying mechanical properties.
In situ analysis of alkyl phosphate surfactant adsorption at the alumina/aqueous solution interface

Abstract Both the extent of adsorption and spatial chain orientation of adsorbed alkyl phosphate surfactant molecules on alumina were investigated using an in situ attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared technique. The adsorption isotherm was characterized by three distinct regions, and adsorption continued to occur even at pH values higher than the isoelectric point of alumina. Upon adsorption of surfactant, the wettability of alumina decreased, followed by a slight increase in the wettability at concentrations greater than 10 ppm, indicating the formation of a second adsorption layer. It was also found that as the surfactant concentration increased, zeta potential reversal occurred, and in a 10 ppm surfactant solution, alumina exhibited negative zeta potentials across the whole pH range. The profile of zeta potential-pH curves was typical for systems incolving chemisorption. The spatial alkyl chain orientation angles of the adsorbed surfactant molecules were found to be in the range 48-41 ° from the normal to the alumina surface for 1–100 ppm surfactant solutions.
Family History of Seizures in Posttraumatic and Alcohol‐Associated Seizure Disorders

The potential role of genetic factors in the etiology of posttraumatic and alcohol-associated seizures was studied in 289 male patients with recurrent seizures and in 174 individuals who had never experienced a seizure. The incidence of seizures in first-degree relatives of probands was compared with that in relatives of unaffected individuals. Relatives of patients with alcohol-associated seizures had a rate ratio of 2.45 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-4.25, whereas no excess incidence was noted among relatives of posttraumatic epilepsy patients (rate ratio 1.20, 0.64-2.25 CI). Relatives of probands with both antecedents showed an intermediate rate ratio of 1.72 (0.92-3.20 CI). Among probands with alcohol-associated seizures, the rate ratio of 2.05 for patients with alcohol-related seizures (i.e., spontaneously occurring seizures in association with chronic alcohol abuse) was slightly higher than that of 1.85 for probands with alcohol withdrawal seizures. Trauma severity had a slight impact on the incidence of affected relatives; patients with severe head injuries had a rate ratio of 0.73 and probands with milder trauma had a rate ratio of 0.99. The results indicate a limited, if any, role of genetic predisposition in development of posttraumatic seizures. Alcohol-related seizures, however, showed familial aggregation of unprovoked seizures, suggesting an involvement of genetic factors in the origin of such seizures. Language: en
Increasing Deception Detection Accuracy with Strategic Questioning

One explanation for the finding of slightly above-chance accuracy in detecting deception experiments is limited variance in sender transparency. The current study sought to increase accuracy by increasing variance in sender transparency with strategic interrogative questioning. Participants (total N = 128) observed cheaters and noncheaters who were questionedwith eitherindirectbackground questions or strategicquestioning. Accuracywas significantly below chance (44%) in the background questions condition and substantially above chance (68%) in the strategic interrogative questioning condition. The results suggest that transparency can be increased by strategic question asking and that accuracy rates well above chance are possible even for untrained judges exposed to only brief communications. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01374.x It is both commonly accepted and well documented that people are only slightly better than chance at distinguishing truths from lies in deception detection experiments. Bond and DePaulo’s (2006) meta-analysis found that average accuracy in deception detection experiments is only 54%, where 50% could be obtained by chance. This finding is remarkably stable, with 90% of published studies reporting
The effects of a cooling-off period on perceived independence of external auditors: A study in the nonpublic regulatory environment

Abstract Audit firms’ professionals often resign their positions to accept employment with their firms’ audit clients. To preserve the audit firms’ independence, under the Sarbanes–Oxley Act a period of dissociation is required before accepting employment with an audit client. This period of dissociation is referred to as a cooling-off period. We examine whether a cooling-off period affects state boards of accountancy members’ perceptions of audit firms’ independence in the nonpublic-company regulatory environment. Findings indicate that perceptions of audit firms’ independence increase significantly with a one-year cooling-off period. However, increasing the length of the cooling-off period from one year to two years fails to significantly increase perceptions of audit firms’ independence.
Frontal–striatal circuitry activated by human peak-interval timing in the supra-seconds range

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure the location and intensity of brain activations when participants time an 11-s signal duration. The experiment evaluated six healthy adult male participants who performed the peak-interval timing procedure in variants of stimulus modality (auditory or visual) and condition (foreground or background: i.e., whether the presence or absence of the stimulus is the signal to be timed). The complete experimental design called for each signal variant to be used across four behavioral tasks presented in the following order: control, timing+motor, timing, and motor. In the control task, participants passively experienced the stimuli. The timing+motor and timing tasks were preceded by five fixed-time training trials in which participants learned the 11-s signal they would subsequently reproduce. In the timing+motor task, participants made two motor responses centered around their subjective estimate of the criterion time. For the timing task, participants were instructed to time internally without making a motor response. The motor task had participants make two cued responses that were not determined by the participant's sense of the passage of time. Neuroimaging data from the timing+motor and timing tasks showed activation of the frontal cortex, striatum and thalamus--none of which was apparent in the control or motor tasks. These results, combined with other peak-interval procedure data from drug and lesion studies in animals as well as behavioral results in human patient populations with striatal damage, support the involvement of frontal-striatal circuitry in human interval timing.
Interferometric diagnostic suite for ultrafast laser ablation of metals

We report on the development of a suite of novel techniques to measure important characteristics in intense ultrashort laser solid target experiments such as critical surface displacement, ablation depth, and plasma characteristics. Measurement of these important characteristics on an ultrafast ({approx}50 fs) time scale is important in understanding the primary event mechanisms in laser ablation of metal targets. Unlike traditional methods that infer these characteristics from spectral power shifts, phase shifts in frequency domain interferometry (FDI) or laser breakthrough studies of multiple shots on bulk materials, these techniques directly measure these characteristics from a single ultrafast heating pulse. These techniques are based on absolute displacement interferometry and nanotopographic applications of wavefront sensors. By applying all these femtosecond time-resolved techniques to a range of materials (Al, Au, and Au on plastic) over a range of pulse energies (10{sup 11} to 10{sup 16} W/cm{sup 2}) and pulse durations (50 to 700 fs), greater insight into the ablation mechanism and its pulse parameter dependencies can be determined. Comparison of these results with hydrocode software programs also reveals the applicability of hydrocode models.
The effect of sodium nitrite on red cell GSH.

Bei der Nachuntersuchung der Nitritwirkung auf das GSH der unversehrten Erythrocyten konnte nur ein geringfugiger Effekt festgestellt werden. Die fruher mitgeteilte totale Zerstorung der GSH wurde auf einen Artefakt zuruckgefuhrt, der wahrend der Eiweissfallung mit Metaphosphorsaure auftrat.
Reasoning-and-proving in the written curriculum: Lessons and implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and researchers

Abstract Reasoning-and-proving is fundamental to mathematics. The opportunities provided within the written curriculum of textbooks for students to engage with this fundamental process have the potential to influence students’ mathematical learning in significant ways. The five papers in this special issue shed light on the opportunities within the curriculum related to reasoning-and-proving from the elementary level to the university undergraduate level. Together, they offer lessons and implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and researchers.
A Cost Function Analysis of the Australian Transportation Equipment Industry

This article investigates the existence of economies of scale and input cross and direct price elasticities of demand in the Australian motor vehicle industry. Our estimated cost elasticities were less than one (consistent with economies of scale), but not significantly less than one at the 10 per cent level for two versions of the model. However, the estimated cost elasticity was significantly less than one at approximately the 2.5 per cent level for a third. Thus, these results give some credibility to the infant industry argument for continued assistance to the Australian transportation equipment industry. A four-input model separating domestic and foreign intermediate goods inputs suggests that while restrictions on imported components may have given some short-run relief to the domestic components industry and increased the demand for labour domestically, they decreased the demand for domestic capital. Although the infant industry argument could support short-run protectionist policies for the industry, it appears that such policies regarding the Australian motor vehicle industry must be designed carefully with a specified phase-out period if long-term adverse results are to be avoided.
A simple presentation of the Siegel modular groups

Abstract Given is a presentation for the Siegel modular group Sp(2g, Z ) with at most three generators and 3g+5 relations.
Relevance of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcumin in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression

This review is an attempt to summarize our current understanding of curcumin's potential as a neuroprotectant and an antidepressant. This dual property confers a unique advantage to this herbal medication, believed to be devoid of any major side effects, to combat commonly observed co-morbid conditions of a neurodegenerative and a neuropsychiatric disorder. Moreover, in line with the theme of this series, the role of inflammation and stress in these diseases and possible anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, as well as its interaction with signal transduction proteins as a common denominator in its varied mechanisms of action, are also discussed. Thus, following a brief introduction of curcumin's pharmacology, we present research suggesting how its anti-inflammatory properties have therapeutic potential in treating a devastating neurological disorder (Parkinson's disease = PD) and a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder (major depressive disorder = MDD). It is concluded that curcumin, or better yet, an analog with better and longer bioavailability could be of important therapeutic potential in PD and/or major depression.
Analysis of marine DOC using a dry combustion method

Abstract As part of a continuing effort to verify and improve measurements of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), we combusted dried sea salts + adhered organic matter to assay DOC concentrations in representative samples from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Combustions were performed overnight at 580 °C in sealed tubes, and oxidation of organic materials occurred via a novel mechanism, thermal sulfate reduction: 2H2SO4 + CH2O → 2SO2 + 3H2O + CO2 Measured DOC concentrations ranged from 43 to 114 μM C, with highest values observed in inshore surface samples from Woods Hole Harbor, and lowest values observed in twelve deep offshore Atlantic and Pacific waters. Stable carbon isotope values determined for all samples were near − 22%., consistent with a predominantly marine phytoplankton origin for DOC. A seasonal study in Woods Hole Harbor showed no significant temporal trend in nearshore DOC concentrations. Problems associated with sample storage and contamination during drying steps prevented highly precise (± 1 μM) DOC concentration determinations; however, an improved drying and measurement system is outlined (Appendix A) for possible future dry-combustion studies of DOC concentrations.
Effect of a border on reaction time to onset and offset stimulation in the fovea.

Summary.-Reaction times were obtained to the onset and offset of flash stimuli located in various positions in a visual field divided into two contiguous regions of white and black. With presentation of the flash stimuli in the fovea, there were no significant differences in the character of functional onset and offset RTs or in the character of the function relating RT to distance from the border. There was a border effect operative for both functions; a decrease in both onset and offset RTs appeared as the border was approached from the white side and a slight increase in both onset and offset RTs when the border was approached from the black side. Several psychophysical studies have examined the differences in response to the onset and offset of stimulation in the visual system using reaction time (RT) as the response measure. Rains (1961) reported no differences between RTs to the offset or the onset of a bright (344 millilambert) luminance. However, he suggested that differences may appear when a small, dim peripheral flash is employed. Pursuing this suggestion, Pease and Sticht (1965) investigated RT as a function of onset, offset, location and luminance of visual stimuli presented either foveally or peripherally. When stimuli were presented to the periphery, RT was significantly longer for the offset of the scimulus than for the onset. Bartlett, Sticht, and Pease (1968) measured onset and offset RTs to two wavebands in both the fovea and periphery. The wavebands were selected with the intention of isolating foveal and peripheral systems. RTs to onsets were significantly faster than to offsets for the peripheral data while the on-off differences for the fovea were not significant. It was further reported that the on-off differences were independent of wavelength. Single unit studies ( Baumgartner, 1961; Granit, 1955 ) have suggested that the activation of "on-off" units may play a role in the production of contrast effects. Baumgartner examined the responses of single units in the optic tract with patterns of contrasting dark and illuminated stripes. With this stimulus pattern, the "on" unit showed maximum response when its receptive field was located near the edge of an illuminated stripe. Its "off" response was greatest when its receptive field was outside the illuminated stripe. These results suggest that the functional "on" and "off" units may afford an analogy with the enhancement of boundaries by contrast. The present experiment was undertaken in order to determine if foveal onset and offset RTs would vary as a function of the proximity to a border in a 'This paper is based on the author's MA thesis resented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for that degree. The author is grateful to Dr. Neil R. Bartlett for his generous assistance. National Science Foundation Grant GB 3955 supported this research. The author is indebted to Mr. L. Pfautsch for his assistance in the design of the apparatus.
Adecuación de la prescripción de antiagregantes plaquetarios a pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 según los criterios de la ADA 2003

Objetivo Determinar el porcentaje de diabeticos tipo 2 tratados en nuestro centro que deberian recibir antiagregantes plaquetarios (AP) como prevencion primaria o secundaria segun las recomendaciones del ano 2003 (tabla 1) de la American Diabetes Association (ADA)1 y los que efectivamente lo reciben. Diseno Estudio descriptivo, transversal, basado en informacion registrada en las historias clinicas. Emplazamiento. Centro de atencion primaria urbano de Cornella de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana. Participantes Muestra aleatoria de 413 personas elegidas entre los 975 pacientes diabeticos tipo 2 mayores de 30 anos, visitados en este centro entre el 1 de octubre de 2002 y el 30 de septiembre de 2003. Mediciones principales Edad, sexo, antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular (CV), factores de riesgo CV segun los criterios de la ADA 2003 y tratamiento con AP. Resultados Del total de 413 pacientes estudiados, el 47,5% era varon, cuya media de edad era 64,82 anos (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 63,3-66,3%) y el 52,5% era mujer, con 67,22 anos de media (IC del 95%, 65,8-68,6%). Un total de 384, es decir, el 93% (IC del 95%, 90,5-95,4%) tenia algun factor de riesgo CV (120 tenian solo 1; 145, 2; 91, 3; y 28, mas de 3). Al analizar cada factor de riesgo por separado, la hipertension arterial era el mas frecuente y estaba presente en el 70,7% (IC del 95%, 66,3-75%) de los diabeticos. Del total de 413 pacientes, 86 (20,8%; IC del 95%, 16,9-24,7%) tenian enfermedad CV y sin contraindicaciones clinicas para recibir AP como prevencion secundaria, de los cuales la recibian 77 (89,53%; IC del 95%, 83,1-96%). Identificamos tambien a 292 (70,7%; IC del 95%, 68,5-72,9%) pacientes con factores de riesgo CV anadidos a la diabetes y sin enfermedad CV ni contraindicaciones para recibir el tratamiento AP como prevencion primaria, segun los criterios de la ADA 2003, de los cuales solo 61 pacientes (20,9%; IC del 95%, 18,5-23,3%) lo recibian. Discusion y conclusiones A pesar de las recomendaciones de la ADA 2003 acerca de tratar con AP a los pacientes diabeticos, aun muchos pacientes susceptibles de tratamiento no lo reciben. Nuestros resultados son comparables con los de otros estudios2-6 y son especialmente buenos en prevencion secundaria; pero debemos aumentar la prescripcion de acido acetilsalicilico a diabeticos, especialmente en prevencion primaria, para lo que es necesario hacer una mayor difusion de las recomendaciones tanto a los medicos de atencion primaria como a los pacientes.
Measurement of Excitation, Ionization, and Electron Temperatures and Positive Ion Concentrations in a 144 MHz Inductively Coupled Radiofrequency Plasma

Diagnostic measurements of 144 MHz radiofrequency inductively coupled plasmas at pressures between 0.5 and 14 Torr have been made. Other variables studied included the gas type (Ar or Ne) and material in plasma (Ti or Tl). Parameters measured included excitation temperatures via the atomic Boltzmann plot and the two-line method, ionization temperatures via the Saha expression, electron temperatures via double electric floating probes, and ion densities via the same electric probes. Excitation temperatures increased as the pressure of Ar or Ne plasmas decreased and reached a maximum of ~9000°K in the latter case and ~6700°K in the former case; Tl in the Ar plasma resulted in a smaller rate of decrease of excitation temperature with increase of pressure of Ar. The ionization temperatures were lower than the excitation temperatures and were similar for both the Ar and Ne plasmas. Electron temperatures were about 10 times higher than the excitation temperatures indicating non-LTE behavior. Again, the electron temperatures in Ne were considerably higher than in Ar. With the presence of metals, the electron temperatures with a metal in the Ar plasma were higher than in the absence. Positive ion concentrations were also measured for the various plasmas and were found to be similar (~1018 m-3) in both the Ar and Ne plasmas. The presence of metals caused significant increase in the positive ion concentrations. From the results obtained, the optimum Ar pressure for Tl electrodeless discharge lamps operated at 144 MHz would be between 2 and 4 Torr.
Digital editions and diplomatic diagrams

In this paper, the Archimedes Project at the College of the Holy Cross presents an approach to digital, diplomatic renditions of Greek mathematical diagrams as preserved in ancient and medieval sources. The team creates XML-based vector images from scalable vector graphics (SVGs). The resulting tracings are composed of data on the geometric shapes that make up the diagram, the textual labels that accompany them, citable identifiers, and editorial annotations. The relationships between the diplomatic diagram and the diplomatic text and images of the physical manuscript are modeled with the CITE architecture developed by the Homer Multitext project (http://www.homermultitext.org/hmt-doc/cite/index.html). This approach creates machine-actionable data out of raster images provided by digital photography. The team shows how they have applied this method to diagrams from Codex Bodmer 8 (16th century) and Codex C (10th century and preserved in the Archimedes Palimpsest).
Magnetic pairing in a lattice of Kondo ions: Application to UPt 3

Recently, several groups have calculated possible superconducting solutions for ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ from magnetic fluctuation pairing, by utilizing the band-structure Fermi surface and experimental dynamic susceptibility as input. The resulting solutions do not have proper periodicity in reciprocal-lattice space, though. In this paper, a more fundamental derivation of the pairing interaction is given by treating a lattice of interacting Kondo ions. Proper inclusion of umklapp processes leads to odd-parity solutions for ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$, with order parameters of ${A}_{1u}$ or ${E}_{1u}$ symmetry preferred.
Structural investigation of au catalysts on TiO2-SiO2 supports : Nature of the local structure of Ti and Au atoms by EXAFS and XANES

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was utilized to investigate both the Au particle size on several supports composed by silica and titanium oxide, and the coordination of TiO2 in the support phase. Particularly, we wanted to utilize the technique to probe mixing in the support phase, by using different synthetic methods such as by functionalizing silica or by ALD (atomic layer deposition) techniques as prepared in our laboratories, and the growth and stability of Au nanoparticles deposited on these supports. The study using cosynthesis techniques to dope bulk mesoporous SiO2 with TiO2 resulted in TiO2 being dispersed in the SiO2 matrix; however, a second phase starts forming as the TiO2 content increases as indicated by the EXAFS Ti−O shell shift in position and increase of coordination number. On the supports prepared by cosynthesis, Au particles were smaller and more stable. The study using the surface sol−gel technique for deposition of single monolayers of an oxide such as TiO2 produced Ti environme...
Coexistence of deep venous thrombosis and heterotopic ossification in the pediatric patient

A 14-year-old girl and a 15-year-old boy with severe traumatic brain injuries were noted to have marked asymmetry in the lower extremities. Clinical and radiologic evaluation demonstrated the coexistence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and heterotopic ossification (HO). These cases demonstrate that although DVT are rare in children, they can be present and may coexist with the more common presentation of a swollen lower extremity secondary to HO.
Performance of CVD and CVR Coated Carbon-Carbon in High Temperature Hydrogen

As a part of the component development process for the particle bed reactor (PBR), it is necessary to develop coatings which will be time and temperature stable at extremely high temperatures in flowing hydrogen. These coatings must protect the underlying carbon structure from attack by the hydrogen coolant. Degradation which causes small changes in the reactor component, e.g. hole diameter in the hot frit, can have a profound effect on operation. The ability of a component to withstand repeated temperature cycles is also a coating development issue. Coatings which crack or spall under these conditions would be unacceptable. While refractory carbides appear to be the coating material of choice for carbon substrates being used in PBR components, the method of applying these coatings can have a large effect on their performance. Two deposition processes for these refractory carbides, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical vapor reaction (CVR) have been evaluated. Screening tests for these coatings consisted of testing of coated 2-D and 3-D weave carbon-carbon in flowing hot hydrogen at one atmosphere. Carbon loss from these samples was measured as a function of time. Exposure temperatures up to 3000 K were used and samples were exposed in a cyclical fashion, cooling to room temperature between exposures. The results of these measurements are presented along with an evaluation of the relative merits of CVR and CVD coatings for this application.
Effects of the chitin synthetase inhibitor plumbagin and its 2-demethyl derivative juglone on insect ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity.

The chitin synthetase inhibitor plumbagin and its 2-demethyl derivative juglone were found to inhibit in a dose-response fashion the cytochrome P-450 dependent ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity associated with adult femaleAedes aegypti, wandering stage larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster, and fat body and midgut from last instar larvae ofManduca sexta. The concentration of these naphthoquinones required to elicit a 50% inhibition of the steroid hydroxylase activity in all the insects was approximately 1×10−4 M.
Light reflection rheography: A simple noninvasive screening test for deep vein thrombosis

Abstract Purpose: The clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is unreliable. Contrast phlebography (CP) continues to be the gold standard, but it is invasive. Although duplex ultrasonography is an accurate, noninvasive alternative, it is expensive, technically demanding, and time-consuming. We postulated that light reflection rheography (LRR), a noninvasive method of assessing the quantity and rate of venous emptying, might be a reliable and inexpensive bedside approach to screening patients with clinically suspected DVT. Methods: With LRR, infrared light is beamed onto the skin, and the amount of backscattered rays are detected, which indirectly measures the amount of blood present in a volume of the epidermis beneath the LRR probe. Applied to the calf muscle pump, LRR can provide a noninvasive method of assessing blood volume changes in the sample area of skin, in response to venous hemodynamic changes in the lower limb. Results: Sixty-nine limbs in 61 patients undergoing CP for clinically suspected DVT over a period of 12 months also underwent LRR, either just before or within 24 hours of undergoing phlebography. The criteria for diagnosing DVT on CP were presence of filling defect or nonfilling of a venous segment. The result of LRR was considered positive for DVT if the rate of venous emptying was 0.35 or less. With these criteria a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 82.9 were obtained. This resulted in a positive predictive value of 79% and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. Conclusions: LRR is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive bedside test that takes 10 minutes to perform. It is highly sensitive with a high negative predictive value, detecting most cases of DVT, reliably ruling out DVT, and eliminating the need for more time-consuming and costly studies. Therefore it seems to be an appropriate screening test in patients with clinically suspected DVT. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:767-72.)
Rotational relaxation measurements on OCS using a beam maser

Abstract Rotational relaxation cross sections are reported for J = 0, 1 and 2 rotational states of OCS using a variety of polar and non-polar scattering gases. Cross sections are reported for pure states, superposition states and total beam attenuation. Inelastic cross sections for symmetric top scattering molecules are much larger than corresponding cross sections for linear scattering molecules. Upper and lower states for both J = 0 → 1 and J = 1 → 2 transitions were selected using quadrupole or co-axial focusers. These preliminary results show differences in cross sections for different rotational states.
Petrologic characteristics of mid-Tertiary volcanic suites, Chihuahua, Mexico

Three suites of mid-Tertiary volcanic rocks are recognized in the state of Chihuahua in northwestern Mexico: (1) a dominantly silicic calc-alkalic suite that includes moderate-K and high-K. facies, (2) a ferroaugite rhyolite suite, and (3) a mildly alkalic basaltic suite. Subduction-related calc-alkalic volcanism was predominant until ∼28 m.y. ago when it was replaced by basaltic volcanism. The source of the basaltic magmas in western Chihuahua was enriched in lithophile elements relative to that of the calc-alkalic magmas. The ferroaugite rhyolites, which are restricted to eastern Chihuahua, appeared ∼32 m.y. ago. They are genetically unrelated to the calc-alkalic suite and are interpreted to represent a westward expansion of alkalic volcanism from west Texas.
Personal financial planning and the allocation of disposable wealth

Abstract In the process of personal financial planning individuals are confronted with a time dependent wealth allocation problem. Oftentimes the solution involves selecting financial products based on objective criteria, for example, product cost and expected return. While objective criteria are important to the selection process, an individual's subjective valuation of all criteria, objective and subjective, relevant to the decision plays the crucial role. A goal programming model parameterized by the analytical hierarchy process is presented to determine the allocation of an individual's disposable wealth to present and future consumption bundles and investable assets, conditional on the preference ordering of the individual.
Glycosaminoglycan composition of human amniotic fluid.

The glycosaminoglycan composition of human amniotic fluid between 12–21 weeks gestation has been studied by Dowex column chromatography coupled with enzymatic analyses of the specific glycosaminoglycan in each column fraction. The total uronic acid recovered from the columns consisted of “glycopeptides” (7%), hyaluronic acid (34%), nonsulfated chondroitin (14%), chondroitin-4-sulfate (13%), chondroitin-6-sulfate (20%), dermatan sulfate (5%), and heparan sulfate (6%). Based on these studies a simple screening procedure was devised to detect increased quantities of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate in 5–10-ml samples of amniotic fluid and tested in the antenatal diagnosis of Hurler and Hunter's syndrome. A false negative result was recorded in a Hunter fluid obtained early gestation and a false positive result recorded in a normal fluid obtained at 2212 weeks. These data suggest that the time in gestation when amniotic fluid is sampled for chemical analysis is an important variable affecting glycosaminoglycan composition in both normal and pathological pregnancies.
Discrete Fluxes and Mass Balance in Finite Elements

Significant mass balance errors have been reported with finite-element techniques, leading to sweeping statements that Finite elements do not conserve mass locally. These reports of mass balance er...
Increased risk for aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in individuals lacking glutathione S-transferase genes.

Background Aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are marrow failure states that may be associated with chromosomal instability. An absence of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme may genetically predispose individuals to AA or MDS. Procedure and Results To test this hypothesis, we determined the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in a total of 196 patients using multiplex PCR. The GSTT1 null genotype was found to be overrepresented in Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic patients with either AA or MDS. We confirmed a difference in the expected frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasian MDS patients. The double null GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype was also overrepresented in Caucasian AA and MDS patients. In our population, 26% of AA patients and 40% of MDS patients had a chromosomal abnormality identified by karyotype or FISH analyses for chromosomes 7 and 8. Patients with AA and the GSTT1 null genotype had an increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (P = 0.003). Conclusion There seems to be an increased risk for AA and MDS in individuals lacking GSTT1 or both GSTM1/GSTT1. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
XbaI and BlnI genomic cleavage maps of Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 and comparative analysis of other strains

Complete XbaI and BlnI cleavage maps of Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 are presented, along with a comparison of the physical map of MG1655 with that of five other K-12 strains. We have mapped 35 XbaI cleavage sites generating 35 fragments ranging in size from 8 kb to 432 kb using methods similar to those used previously for the NotI and SfiI maps of MG1655. The applicability of the MG1655 map to other strains of E. coli K-12 was assessed by comparing the NotI, SfiI and XbaI digestion patterns of EMG2, W1485, W3110, AB1157 and MC4100 with those of MG1655. The variability between strains, some of which are separated by numerous steps of mutagenic treatment, is readily detectable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A model is presented to account for the differences between the strains on the basis of simple insertions, deletions and, in one case, an inversion. Insertions and deletions ranging in size from 1 kb to 86 kb are suggested by this model. Several of the larger features have previously been characterized and some of the smaller rearrangements can potentially account for previously reported genetic features of these strains. The various features localized in these strains were used to place 9 of the 17 BlnI fragments on the E. coli physical map. The remaining fragments were placed by hybridization experiments similar to those used for the NotI, SfiI and XbaI maps. In this way, the complete BlnI map was constructed. The cleavage sites for XbaI and BlnI were assigned coordinates based on EcoMap6 developed by Rudd et al. The XbaI and BlnI maps of MG1655 presented here, when combined with the NotI (22 sites) and SfiI (31 sites) maps of MG1655 previously published, bring the total number of mapped rare restriction sites in MG1655 to 105. The strain comparison analysis shows that this map is readily adaptable for use with other K-12 strains.
Effect of an applied magnetic field on the performance of a SIS receiver near 300 GHz

We have successfully constructed and tested a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) receiver for operation at 265–280 GHz using 1 μm2 area Nb−AlOx−Nb tunnel junctions fabricated at Stony Brook. The best performance to date is a double sideband (DSB) receiver noise temperature of 129 K at 278 GHz. We find that suppression of the Josephson pair currents with a magnetic field is essential for good performance and a stable DC bias point. Fields as high as 280 gauss have been used with no degradation of mixing performance. We illustrate the improvement in the intermediate frequency (IF) output stability with progressively increasing magnetic fields.