cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeated Measure Design: A Time Use Application

Time use studies frequently involve collecting data for more than one day. A repeated measure design considers the non-independence of the days' time data in the analysis. The significant difference between the days' time use was found not to be due to day of the week alone, but attributable to the difference between the “yesterday” or recall approach and the “tomorrow” or record approach to collecting time data.
A potential role for endothelin-1 in human placental growth: interactions with the insulin-like growth factor family of peptides.

Endothelin-1 (Et-1) stimulated DNA synthesis in placental fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation (ED50, 0.2-0.3 ng/mL). Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) interacted synergistically with Et-1 to potentiate the stimulation of DNA synthesis. Additionally, Et-1 stimulated the turnover of phosphoinositides in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (ED50, 1 ng/mL), as measured by a 2- to 3-fold increase in the total accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates. This was accompanied by a 2- to 3-fold rise in intracellular calcium, as measured by fura-2 fluorescence. IGF-I, however, had no potentiating effect on Et-1-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover or increase in cytosolic Ca2+. The ability of Et-1 to stimulate the production of IGF-II and IGFBPs by placental fibroblasts was then studied. Western ligand blot analysis using an [125I]IGF-II probe revealed the presence of six major binding proteins corresponding to 42, 38, 35, 32, 31, and 24 kilodaltons. Et-1 (50 ng...
Autism-specific maternal autoantibodies recognize critical proteins in developing brain

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental in origin, affecting an estimated 1 in 88 children in the United States. We previously described ASD-specific maternal autoantibodies that recognize fetal brain antigens. Herein, we demonstrate that lactate dehydrogenase A and B (LDH), cypin, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), collapsin response mediator proteins 1 and 2 (CRMP1, CRMP2) and Y-box-binding protein to comprise the seven primary antigens of maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism. Exclusive reactivity to specific antigen combinations was noted in 23% of mothers of ASD children and only 1% of controls. ASD children from mothers with specific reactivity to LDH, STIP1 and CRMP1 and/or cypin (7% vs 0% in controls; P<0.0002; odds ratios of 24.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.45-405)) had elevated stereotypical behaviors compared with ASD children from mothers lacking these antibodies. We describe the first panel of clinically significant biomarkers with over 99% specificity for autism risk thereby advancing our understanding of the etiologic mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities for MAR autism.
Selective nonoperative management in 1,856 patients with abdominal gunshot wounds: should routine laparotomy still be the standard of care?

During the past two decades selective nonoperative management (SNOM) has been used with increasing frequency for abdominal trauma. Many injuries previously managed exclusively by surgery are now being observed closely in the absence of peritonitis or hemodynamic instability. SNOM is considered the standard of care for blunt injuries and stab wounds and has decreased the rate of unnecessary laparotomy, shortened the length of hospital stay, and produced significant cost savings. 1,2 However, abdominal gunshot wounds have been excluded from this advancement. Identically to the way abdominal blunt injuries and stabbings were managed 20 years ago, abdominal gunshot wounds are still managed by routine laparotomy in most trauma centers around the world. 3,4 The reasons cited for this are three: first, the incidence of significant intraabdominal injuries after abdominal gunshot wounds is more than 90%; second, an unnecessary laparotomy is a harmless procedure; and third, clinical examination is unreliable. The high-volume level 1 trauma center at the Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center admits many patients with abdominal gunshot wounds every year. Because we believe that all three of the above arguments in favor of routine laparotomy are invalid, we manage our patients by SNOM. 5,6 In this study, we describe our experience with abdominal gunshot wounds during the past 8 years with the intent of offering a convincing argument about the advantages of SNOM over routine laparotomy. Our hypothesis is that SNOM is safe and cost-effective, prevents unnecessary negative laparotomies, and decreases the hospital length of stay and therefore should become the standard of care for the management of abdominal gunshot wounds.
Singular Spectrum Analysis Based Quick Online Detection of Disturbance Start Time in Power Grid

Timely detection of the start time and location of disturbance is critical to power grid. The information helps operators quickly catch the disturbance events over wide areas and allows time for taking remedial reactions. In this paper, we proposed to detect the start time point of disturbance using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), which has been proved to be an effective technique in the area of time series analysis for change-point detection. Using the simulation data generated by Power System Tool box, we compared the SSA algorithm with the Event Start Time (EST) algorithm. The experimental results have shown that our SSA algorithm is not only faster and more robust in the noisy environments, but also is able to capture more subtle disturbance that the EST cannot detect.
Density Functional Theory Investigation of Electronic Structures and Properties of Agn–C60–Agn Nanocontacts

Electronic structures and properties of nanocontacts involving the Agn–C60–Agn system were explored. Molecular geometries of the studied species were optimized at the DFT level using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G(d) basis set for carbon atoms and the LANL2DZ effective core potential (ECP) for the silver atoms. The C60 was placed between the silver clusters of different sizes and the C2h symmetry was assumed in the calculations. In these complexes the top of the center of fused six-membered rings of C60 interacted with silver clusters. Interaction energies between the silver clusters and C60 were corrected for the basis set superposition error and were computed at the same theoretical level using various the 6-31G(d) and 6-311G(d) basis sets for carbon and LANL2DZ and Stuttgart RSC 1997 effective core potentials for the silver atoms. The obtained results were compared with those of the corresponding Aun–C60–Aun systems obtained at the same theoretical level. It is expected that electronic structure at...
Cultural Basis for Maintaining Polyporus Cinnabarinus and Polyporus Sanguineus as Two Distinct Species

The sporophores of Polyporus sanguineus L. ex Fr. and Polyporus cinnabarinus Jacq. ex Fr. are sufficiently alike to be considered one species by many mycologists. Weir (12) suggests that Polyporus sanguineus might be the tropical form of Polyporus cinnabarinus, with climatic conditions responsible for the slight morphological differences. Cleland and Cheel (2), in their study of Australian fungi, point out the similarity of the two and state that, although P. sanguineus is considered to be a tropical species and P. cinnabarinus a temperate one, they both occur in the vicinity of Sydney. Lloyd (6) speaks of P. cinnabarinus as the temperate region analogue of P. sanguineus. Cunningham (3), in his study of the two, states that "there is no constant feature upon which the two species may be maintained; consequently collections should be merged under Coriolus sanguincus since this species precedes Polyporus cinnabarinus on the same page of the Systema." In 1952 Bose (1), after studying the two in culture concluded that he was dealing with two distinct species. He pointed out differences in cultural characteristics, especially the pigmented granules on the hyphal walls of P. sanguineus and the lack of such granules in cultures of P. cinnabarinus except in the colored poroid areas where color develops with the basidia initials. When dicaryotic cultures were paired no hyphal fusions occurred between the two and a distinct line of aversion developed between their mats. Matters (7), after working with cultures of the P. cinnabarinus complex in the southern hemisphere, notes the slower growth rate of P. cinnabarinus and the absence of hyphal incrustations but concludes that these represent different forms within a group, which do not merit specific rank.
A media campaign for ourselves: building organizational media capacity through participatory action research

This research examines the use of Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods in conducting a media messaging campaign designed to increase the visibility of queer people of color in a local community. Rather than focusing on the impact of viewing the campaign on the local community, this project assesses the way that participating in creating a campaign can positively impact a grassroots social justice organization. Here we see that the process of creating and managing an image campaign can serve as an opportunity for education and capacity-building for organizations that is distinct from the impact of the media campaign on its target audience. This includes achievements such as expanding the capacity of the organization to engage in strategic media work now and in the future, developing the ability for members of the organization to clearly articulate the goals of the media campaign and engage in productive conversations about the campaign within the community, and strengthening community buy-in for the...
Osm Plasmid pJG137

A broad host range osm plasmid pJG137 was coustructed by molecular cloning of DNA. Genetic expression indicated that this plasmid is a subcloued product of proBA osm gene DNA of plasmid pLA101 and DNA of the broad host range plasmid pRK290, by four different approaches: 1) minisereen of DNA, 2) restriction mapping of DNA, 3) Southern transfer of DNA, and 4) antibiotic and toxin tolerance.
Preparation and Evaluation of Catalyst for Non-Hydrogen Dewaxing

A new catalyst for non-hydrogen-dewaxing was prepared by hydrothermal method,using ZSM-5 as the principal component and then adding self-made BCM zeolites.Its catalytic performance was evaluated using catalytic cracked diesel fuel and AGO NO.3 as feed stock.The results show that catalyst has obvious de-waxing effect.The pour point can be reduced by 62 ℃,and higher liquor yield(95%) were obtained at the temperature of 340 ℃ and space velocity of 1 h-1.The diesel oil produced using the catalyst shows higher cetane number index,lower content of sulfur and nitrogen,and lower pour point,can meet the quality requirements of product blending.
Chlamydia and Non-Specific Urethritis

Abstract Chlamydia organisms were found in 42 per cent of patients with non-specific urethritis and these organisms probably were the cause of the urethritis. Contact is by venereal means. The drug of choice is 500 mg. tetracycline every 6 hours for 10 days
On the connection between current-density algebras and charge-current algebras

The equal-time limit of commutator matrix elements of charge densities is calculated hy means of structures which follow from general principles of quantum field theory, especially locality and divergence conditions. It is shown that these structures imply the occurnence of at least three gradient terms. Therefore the demand that no gradient terms occur in thp equal-time limit of charge densities represents nontrivial sum rules. Explicit exprpssions in form of energy integrals over commutator matrix elements are constructed for the coefficients of the δ-functions and their derivatives. It is proved that these coefficients are allso given by equal-time limits of commutators between moments of total charges and charge densities. In contrast to the Dashen-Gell-Mann frame in all terms one-particle contributions of any mass and spin occur only in the form of coupling constants times form factors. The vanishing of the gradient tprms in combination with saturation assumptions leads to ordinary linear differential equations in momentum transfer for the form factors.
Butterfly Kleptoparasitism and First Account of Immature Stages, Myrmecophily, and Bamboo Host Plant of the Metalmark Adelotypa annulifera (Riodinidae)

ABSTRACT. This paper describes the life history, host plant use, and myrmecophily of the Neotropical riodinid butterfly Adelotypa annulifera (Godman, 1903) in Tambopata, Peru. Eggs of A. annulifera are laid at the tips of new growth bamboo culm sheaths bearing extrafloral nectary sites where adult butterflies and ants gather to feed. Adelotypa annulifera larval stages are actively tended by multiple species of ants and were observed feeding on the extrafloral nectaries of the bamboo. Pupation of A. annulifera occurs on the host plant near the base of the bamboo. We also document the potential kleptoparasitic behavior of adult butterflies on ant species that tend the caterpillars. To our knowledge, this is the first account describing the immature stages and life history of a species belonging to the genus Adelotypa and the first account of adult riodinid butterfly kleptoparasitism on ants.
A few clarifying comments on Pickett and Roche (2016)

In his response to our article, Nagin was silent about our specific criticisms of his previous research reviews and his recent theory... Language: en
Are There Gender Differences in Demand for Index-Based Livestock Insurance?

ABSTRACTRisk management plays a role in avoiding and escaping chronic poverty throughout the world, particularly for women, who are disproportionately negatively affected by shocks. Using three years of household survey data, administrative records and qualitative interviews, this paper examines the relationship between gender and demand for index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. IBLI appears to be equitably accessed by men and women alike and we find limited evidence of gender-differentiated demand for IBLI. We also find only modest differences associated with age and share of income from livestock.
Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Children: Audiological Considerations

This chapter describes all elements of preoperative candidacy as pertained to pediatric cochlear implantation including FDA labeling, common clinical practices, audiologic evaluation, speech/language assessment, and preoperative variables predictive of postoperative success. Also included is a discussion regarding the expansion of pediatric indications for implant candidacy including implanting children under 12 months of age, asymmetric hearing losses, less severe degrees of hearing loss, and children not making expected progress in speech, language, and auditory skills development. As part of outlining the candidacy process, detailed information is provided regarding age-appropriate assessment tools and practices.
Meeting Report From the Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Working Group on Radium-223.

INTRODUCTION The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) convened a Scientific Working Group Meeting on Radium-223 on September 8, 2016, at The Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. METHODS The meeting was attended by 18 investigators with expertise in radium-223, bone biology, molecular imaging, biomarkers, and prostate cancer clinical trials. The goal of this meeting was to discuss the known and unknown surroundings the therapeutic effects of the bone targeting agent radium-223, in bone metastatic prostate cancer therapy, and to outline the most critical studies needed to improve the clinical use of this agent. RESULTS Three major topic areas were discussed: (1) the basic science of radium; (2) immuno-adjuvant properties of radium therapy; and (3) high impact clinical trials and correlative science. DISCUSSION This article reviews the major topics discussed at the meeting for the purpose of accelerating studies that will improve the use of radium-223 in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Prostate © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community Approaches to Diabetes Prevention

Preventing type 2 diabetes is a public health challenge that cannot be met by the clinical care sector acting alone. It requires complimentary and shared public health and clinical approaches that together achieve more than each can accomplish unaided (Fig. 12.1). The clinical sector must be involved in assessing patients’ risk for type 2 diabetes, discussing risk status with patients and their support network, referring (or encouraging) high-risk patients to participate in proven, community-based structured lifestyle programs, and, where necessary, prescribing medications for those at risk for and treating those who go on to develop diabetes.
Asymptotic analysis of a new low complexity encryption approach for the Internet of Things, smart cities and smart grid

Parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks (WSN) using encrypted non-binary quantized data is studied. In a WSN, sensors transmit their observations to a fusion center through a wireless medium where the observations are susceptible to unauthorized eavesdropping. Encryption approaches for WSNs with fixed threshold binary quantization were previously explored. However, fixed threshold binary quantization limits parameter estimation to scalar parameters. In this paper, we propose a stochastic encryption approach for WSNs that can operate on non-binary quantized observations and has the capability for vector parameter estimation. We extend a binary stochastic encryption approach proposed previously, to a non-binary generalized case. Sensor outputs are quantized using a quantizer with R + 1 levels, where R ∊ {1, 2, 3,…}, encrypted by flipping them with certain flipping probabilities, and then transmitted. Optimal estimators using maximum-likelihood estimation are derived for both a legitimate fusion center (LFC) and a third party fusion center (TPFC) perspectives. We assume the TPFC is unaware of the encryption. Asymptotic analysis of the estimators is performed by deriving the Cramer-Rao lower bound for LFC estimation, and the asymptotic bias and variance for TPFC estimation. Numerical results validating the asymptotic analysis are presented.
Parents’ work schedules and time spent with children

This paper adds to the growing body of research on the overlap between work and family by investigating the relationship between attributes of work schedules for parents and the amount of time they spend with their children. Nationally representative time diary data from the ATUS is used to calculate the amount of time parents spend with children on a random day, and this data is merged with the CPS Work Schedules Supplement which provides information on the respondent's usual work schedule, such as having a flexible schedule, variable start and stop times, working from home or a day schedule. The results show that though some work schedule attributes have little influence on the amount of time parents spend with children, certain aspects of the timing of work are related to the total time parents spend with their children. The attributes of work schedules are also found to be associated with the amount of time spent in specific activities with children.
Energy democracy in a continuum: Remaking public engagement on energy transitions in Thailand

Abstract Sustainable energy transitions are fundamental in making climate actions effective and in attaining sustainable development. To achieve the transition inclusively, fairly, and justly, democratizing these processes seems imperative; yet, not all human societies are thriving in democratic spaces. Focusing in the non-democratic state of Thailand, this paper explores the materiality of energy democracy in such locations. Using mixed qualitative methods and a grounded approach, the paper offers a case study of community-oriented renewable energy transitions as practices occurring outside the realms of state-sanctioned and government-fostered apparatuses for public engagement. The case shows how these practices continually shape and co-produce energy sociotechnical orders. The paper further shows how a space for communal deliberation can become a site for the making and remaking of public engagement, and how, over time—of hits-and-misses, of consensus-and-dissensus, of stability-and-uncertainty—it could became durable, yet remained open-ended and provisional.
Potential Association of Anti-CCR4 Antibody Mogamulizumab and Graft-vs-Host Disease in Patients With Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome.

This case series describes the occurrence of graft-vs-host-disease (GVHD) in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) treated with the CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antibody mogalizumab prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Does a type specimen necessarily or contingently belong to its species

In a recent article, Alex Levine raises a paradox. It appears that, given some relatively uncontroversial premises about how a species term comes to refer to its species, a type specimen belongs necessarily and contingently to its species. According to Levine, this problem arises if species are individuals rather than natural kinds. I argue that the problem can be generalized: the problem also arises if species are kinds and type specimens are paradigmatic members used to baptize names for species. Indeed, the same problem arises with respect to kinds like gold and the samples used to ground names for them. After arguing that the paradox arises whether or not species are individuals, I attempt to show how the paradox can be resolved. Levine's argument that a type specimen belongs necessarily to its species is specious. The appeal of the argument stems from a failure to distinguish between two different modal statements concerning type specimens, one de dicto and the other de re. Type specimens belong contingently to their respective species. Even so, they can be known a priori to belong to them: hence, that a particular type specimen belongs to its species is an example of contingent a priori knowledge.
Changes in Na,K-ATPase gene expression during granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells

During granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells, immediate reduction of ouabain-sensitive potassium flux is observed within the first 12 hours of addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We show that gene expression of the alpha 3 isoform of Na+,K(+)-ATPase, which encodes an ouabain-inhibitable Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity, significantly declines during the first 24 hours of granulocytic differentiation by DMSO of HL60 cells. The more common alpha 1 isoform decreases, but more gradually over 72 hours of DMSO induction. Loss of alpha 3 and alpha 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) are due to changes in mRNA decay; their transcription is not altered. alpha 3 mRNA half-life is 3 hours in HL60 cells; upon induction by 16 hours of DMSO, it decreases to approximately 2 hours. alpha 1 transcripts are less sensitive to DMSO induction, with their half-life being 3.5 hours in HL60 cells; upon induction, their half-life decreases to 3 hours. Experiments measuring protein stability confirm that alpha 3 protein is more labile than alpha 1. In uninduced HL60 cells, alpha 3 membrane protein comprises 30% of the total alpha isoforms, and is less stable than alpha 1, with a protein half-life of only 9 hours. Upon DMSO induction, steady-state alpha 3 protein decreases markedly within 10 hours, whereas alpha 1 protein remains stable. These results show that posttranscriptional changes during induction play a major role in the differential regulation of alpha 1 and alpha 3 isoforms of Na+,K(+)-ATPase; regulation of the latter may be important for early granulocytic differentiation, or for one of the differentiated functions of mature granulocytes.
Radio Astronomical Techniques

An alternative method for detecting CMEs is known as interplanetary scintillation (IPS). This monitors fluctuations in distant low frequency radio sources, which when mapped across the sky can provide information on the density structure of a heliospheric transient. This chapter discusses the theory behind IPS and how it can be used to detect and track ICMEs. We also discuss how Faraday rotation may be used to obtain information about the internal magnetic structure of a CME remotely.
Student and teacher perceptions on student-teacher relationship quality: A middle school perspective:

This study investigated 336 fifth- and sixth-grade middle school students' relationships with their ten mathematics teachers. Authors used a five-step hierarchical multiple linear regression to exa...
Writing in Science: Why, How, and for Whom? A Systematic Literature Review of 20 Years of Intervention Research (1996–2016)

The role writing plays in learning science has evolved over time, as have the settings and contexts in which writing in science research has taken place. This systematic review examines 20 years (1996–2016) of writing in science intervention studies in K-12 settings with a specific focus on comparing contexts that do and do not include English language learners (ELLs), who are at risk academically. Findings include an overall validation of writing-to-learn theories in science learning contexts. Findings also include notable differences between articles containing studies that include ELLs and those that do not such as a general lack of depth in terms of description, analysis, and rigor on writing with ELLs in the science classroom. In addition, trends over the last two decades are noted. Implications for research and practice based on the findings are discussed.
Amnioinfusions to Treat Early Onset Anhydramnios Caused by Renal Anomalies: Background and Rationale for the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy Trial

Anhydramnios caused by early anuria is thought to be universally fatal due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Bilateral renal agenesis and early fetal renal failure leading to anhydramnios constitute early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA). There have been successful reports of amnioinfusions to promote lung growth in the setting of EPRA. Some of these successfully treated EPRA fetuses have survived the neonatal period, undergone successful dialysis, and subsequently received a kidney transplant. Conversely, there are no reports of untreated EPRA survivors. This early success of amnioinfusions to treat EPRA justifies a rigorous prospective trial. The objective of this study is to provide a review of what is known about fetal therapy for EPRA and describe the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy trial. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and genetics of EPRA. Furthermore, we have performed systematic review of case reports of treated EPRA. We describe the ethical framework, logistical challenges, and rationale for the current single center (NCT03101891) and planned multicenter trial.
Effects of diets containing different proportions of macronutrients on longevity of normotensive Wistar rats.

The present investigation examined effects of diets containing different proportions of macronutrients on longevity in two substrains of normotensive Wistar rats - Wistar Kyoto (WKY), the most widely accepted normotensive control for spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Munich Wistar rats (WAM as designated here). Each substrain was divided into five dietary groups composed of 15 rats each. Compared to a baseline diet composed of near equal calories of sucrose, fat, and protein, the remaining four diets were high sucrose-low protein, high sucrose-low fat, low sucrose-high protein, and low sucrose-high fat. Significantly higher systolic blood pressures were found in the two groups of WKY and WAM ingesting the high sucrose diets compared to the other three groups. The high sucrose groups were also hyperinsulinemic. Although only the group of WKY consuming the high sucrose-low fat diet showed a significantly shortened lifespan, the lifespan of WKY positively correlated with systolic blood pressure when data from all dietary groups were combined. WKY and WAM with an average systolic blood pressure exceeding 150 mm Hg had a significantly shorter lifespan than the rats with lower average blood pressure. Accordingly, elevated systolic blood pressure, especially when the blood pressure exceeds 150 mm Hg, significantly shortens lifespan.
Not a zero sum game : how to simultaneously maximize efficiency and privacy in data-driven urban governance

In this paper, we validate the hypothesis that in the context of Indian municipal governance, the trade-off between government efficiency and privacy is not a zero-sum game; rather one can improve these seemingly contrasting forces simultaneously. India is on dual trajectories. On one hand, there is a nationwide push to improve municipal governance through increased transparency and efficiency, especially in the functions that involve citizen interaction. On the other hand, as a country, India must embrace the Supreme Court Bench decision of August, 2017, that privacy is a constitutional right. There are two primary aspects to reaching our conclusion. The first is the addition of a new category of data of significant volume; we have been provided access to 383,959 real citizen transactions across all services for the 112 urban local bodies (ULBs) for one state for all of 2018. The logs include the details of each ULB functionary involved in each stage of responding to a citizen request. This has enabled us to consider our previously defined metrics, the Governance Efficiency Index and Information Privacy Index, at multiple levels of granularity. The second aspect is the government-defined service level agreements that define acceptable completion times. This allows us to evaluate completion times. The further analysis provided in this paper demonstrates that that ULBs from all three size tiers can and do reach our Model ULB designation of performance. We conclude from this analysis that ULBs of all sizes and across all services have the capacity to maximize both efficiency and privacy.
Chiral effective field theory calculations of weak transitions in light nuclei

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of electroweak transitions are performed for $A\ensuremath{\le}10$ nuclei based upon two- and three-nucleon chiral interactions and the associated one- and two-body axial currents. Except for $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of ${}^{8}$He, ${}^{8}$Li, and ${}^{8}$B, two-body currents contribute less than 3%. The exceptional nuclei exhibit matrix elements suppressed in impulse approximation based on the leading order (GT) transition operator. For a given interaction, the two-body transition densities exhibit a universal behavior at short distance for all systems under study.
Double Mandibular Osteotomy for Access to High-Carotid Pathology.

Background Anecdotal experience demonstrates the existence of patients with superiorly located carotid stenosis, neoplasms, or aneurysms where the mandible obstructs effective surgical access using standard techniques. As carotid pathology extends anatomically beyond the limits of standard operative technique, additional exposure becomes paramount to safely and effectively address the lesion. Double mandibular osteotomy (DMO) is one of several techniques to obtain additional exposure to high-carotid pathology; however, there is no large series to address the outcomes of patients undergoing this procedure. Methods A retrospective case series was performed for all patients undergoing surgery for carotid pathology from 2011–2019 that could not be approached with standard cervical incision. The primary predictor variable was high–anatomic carotid pathology necessitating DMO. The primary outcome variable was early and late complications sustained by patients. Results Fifteen patients met study criteria and underwent 16 DMOs to access high-carotid pathology including carotid stenosis (n = 8 patients), carotid aneurysm (n = 2 patients), and carotid body tumor (n = 8 patients). Two patients had dual ipsilateral pathology with one patient having both carotid artery stenosis and aneurysm, and the other patient diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis and carotid body tumor. One patient had bilateral carotid artery stenosis, each requiring high anatomic exposure for treatment. Early complications occurred in 8 patients. Five patients experienced significant dysphagia requiring enteral feeding, and 2 patients developed malocclusion directly related to the double mandibular osteotomy. One patient experienced contralateral cortical watershed infarcts. Late complications included one patient developing osteomyelitis of the mandible, and this patient also developed distal mandibular segment screw exposure. The comparison of the outcome groups for categorical predictor variables using Fisher's exact test detected no statistically significant differences for gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco use, chronic kidney disease, or cerebrovascular disease. For the continuous variable comparisons, independent-samples t-tests detected no difference between the complication groups for age, operative time, or years of follow-up. No significant differences were found between the groups for body mass index or intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions The double mandibular osteotomy provides excellent exposure and surgical access to the distal internal carotid artery for repair of vascular pathology with acceptable outcomes and long-term complications compared with previously reported techniques. Because of the early complications realized with the DMO, we recommend the procedure for symptomatic patients with a high risk of failing medical therapy alone and not appropriate for endovascular treatment as well as those patients with tumors requiring surgical intervention.
Gender Disparities in Cardiac Catheterization Rates Among Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have noted differences in rates of cardiac testing based on gender of patients. We evaluated cardiac catheterization rates for men and women presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain, particularly among patients without a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or recent positive stress test. METHODS We performed a prospective evaluation of patients presenting to an urban, academic medical center for assessment of chest pain. We recorded baseline information, testing, and outcomes related to ED, observation unit, and inpatient stay. Primary outcomes included gender differences in cardiac catheterization and stenting rates among patients without an MI or positive stress test. RESULTS Over the 5.5 year study period, 2242 ED patients with chest pain participated in the study (45% male). Men and women had similar rates of cardiac stress testing (16.7% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.317) as well as similar rates of positive cardiac stress testing (2.9% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.116). Men were more likely to undergo cardiac catheterization (10.4% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.001). Men who had neither MI nor positive stress test were more likely than women to undergo cardiac catheterization: 5.8% versus 3.3%, P = 0.010. Similarly, men in this group were more likely to experience stent placement: 2.1% versus 0.7%, P = 0.003. CONCLUSIONS Similar to previous studies, we noted disparities in cardiac testing by gender. Men were more likely to go to cardiac catheterization without an MI or a positive stress test. This disparity in a more aggressive strategy of cardiac catheterization in men may result in higher stenting rates in this group.
Challenges in STEM PhD Programs: Biased Mentoring

Work in Progress - Research CategoryThe purpose of this work in progress paper is to understand the influence of mentoring on the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) doctoral student experience. This qualitative case study sought to better understand mentoring relationships between faculty doctoral mentors and STEM doctoral students. This research emphasizes the role of mentoring as part of an intervening strategy for doctoral retention and suggests culturally responsive mentoring as a means to improve the experiences of PhD underrepresented minority (URM) students. This study addresses a gap in the literature related to culturally responsive mentoring and the STEM disciplines.The findings were developed from four qualitative research focus group interviews. Focus group interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded by the research team. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method, an iterative process to extrapolate key words and identify significant patterns [1]. This study uses critical inquiry as a theoretical framework. Our findings revealed that mentoring takes place within a complex environment framed by systems of inequity grounded in race and gender. Three themes were constructed from the data: mentoring as a biased environment, lack of responsiveness to student needs, and relational tensions. This paper briefly examines one theme: mentoring as a biased environment. The data highlight how biased standpoints result in a shift in the learning experience. Bias may be based on race, gender, or age, and may be implicit or explicit. Within this environment doctoral students are challenged to navigate spaces such as classrooms and laboratories that can be wrought with difficulties springing from gender and race.This paper is relevant to mentoring and STEM as it acknowledges that mentoring is a heavily nuanced practice with important cultural implications relative to PhD STEM students and faculty.
The unfulfilled promise of scientific inquiry in advancing social work knowledge and practice

Abstract This article seeks to critique scientific inquiry’s uncontested position as the sole method in which to advance social work research and knowledge generation. Through making a comparison to the field of medicine and the tremendous advances achieved in the past 100+ years by its use of scientific inquiry, the question is posed as to why social work’s embrace of scientific inquiry during this time span has not yielded equivalent spectacular advances despite adopting the medical model for practice. Three key areas of social work are examined: clinical practice; case management; and advocacy. Through examination of the historical record in regards to the contributions of scientific inquiry to the field of social work, it is demonstrated that the gains from employing 100+ years of scientific inquiry have been limited at best when it comes to advancing clinical practice and case management, and have actually served as a lodestone in advancing social work advocacy’s role in advancing social justice. For these three areas of social work practice, a comparison is made to the advances achieved in the 30+ years that postmodern thought has guided research endeavors: which has yielded more fruitful results in a much shorter time span. Yet despite its poor track record, scientific inquiry continues to dominate as social work’s primary method for generating knowledge, and as a result, rival methods of inquiry remain conspicuously absent in research texts, while hard hat adherents continue to seek to delegitimize these alternate forms of inquiry—in direct opposition to our field’s core value of respecting diversity.
The Simple Views of Reading and Writing in the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, 3rd Edition:

The simple views of reading (SVR) and writing (SVW) provide useful foundations for the interpretation of psychoeducational achievement batteries. Research has established that oral language, decodi...
Immunotherapy for glioblastoma as a means to overcome resistance to standard therapy

Abstract High-grade gliomas arising in the central nervous system portend an aggressive course of neurologic devastation with a dismal prognosis for nearly all patients. Treatment strategies for these cancers have yielded minimal headway in the ability to slow the progression of the disease as well as prevent tumor recurrence, which invariably occurs. In this chapter, we discuss the evolution of standard therapies for high-grade gliomas anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). This chapter delineates why the successes of immunotherapy for other cancers has not translated in the same magnitude of responses for gliomas. The recently uncovered mechanisms of posttreatment resistance and alterations of the immune landscape are also discussed herein.
The Impact of Performance-Based Scripts on Men’s Sexual Communication to Peers

Gender norms related to sexual behavior have a pervasive impact on the psychosocial development of men. These norms have been theorized to influence the formation of male sexual scripts, including those that place high emphasis on performative abilities. While research has indicated that endorsing performance-based scripts can have negative consequences, little work has examined how this sexual ideology is communicated by men to their peer groups. Using structural equation modeling, the current study tested a model of openness to communicate sexual behavior that is incongruent with existing performance-based scripts. A sample of 424 men were recruited from a variety of Internet platforms to participate in a one-time online survey. Results demonstrated that endorsing performance-based scripts impeded men's ability to discuss sexual behavior with male peers, female peers, and sexual partners. Men's lack of transparency about particular sexual experiences may be contributing to harmful narratives that rigidly emphasize sexual performance.
Adolescent exposure of genetic mutant mice to cannabis produces cognitive deficits (P4.079)

OBJECTIVE: Cannabis use during adolescence increases the relative risk for neurological disorders in susceptible individuals. BACKGROUND: Interaction between genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of neurological disorders. Expression of a genetic risk factor DISC1 in astrocytes allows for studying the molecular mechanisms of gene -environment interaction (GEI) in astrocytes. Adolescent cannabis exposure contributes to the increased risk for neurological disorders and cognitive impairment in adulthood. Astrocytes have been found to mediate cognitive effects of tetra-cannabinol (THC), a major component of cannabis. Thus, we evaluated the effects of chronic adolescent THC exposure on cognitive function in adult mice that express mutant DISC1 in astrocytes. DESIGN/METHODS: Control and mutant DISC1 mice were treated with saline or THC (8.0 mg/kg) for 21 days during postnatal days (P) 32-52; and three weeks later mice were tested for novelty-induced hyperactivity in open field, anxiety in elevated plus maze, spontaneous alteration in Y maze, spatial recognition memory in Y maze, novel object recognition, place preference test and fear conditioning. RESULTS: Compared to all other groups, THC-treated DISC1 mice exhibited impaired spatial, object recognition and place recognition memory. These effects of TCH were dependent on expression of mutant DISC1 during adolescent exposure and were not observed in mutant DISC1 after adult THC exposure or adolescent exposure to another psychotropic drug, amphetamine. CONCLUSIONS: Astrocytic mutant DISC1 synergistically interacts with adolescent THC exposure to produce long-term cognitive impairment in adulthood. Our model is a valuable experimental system to study the molecular pathogenesis of neurological disorders associated with marihuana abuse. Study Supported by: RO1, P50 Disclosure: Dr. Abazyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abazyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mychko has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shevelkin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamiya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pletnikov has nothing to disclose.
Tests of Composite Beams with Web Openings

An experimental investigation to study composite beams with rectangular web openings is presented. Six composite beams and one steel beam were tested. W14 × 34, W18 × 45 and W18 × 46 sections were used. Opening sizes were fixed, with depths equal to 60 percent of the steel beam depth and lengths equal to twice the opening depth. Concrete slab dimensions were held constant. Opening locations were varied to investigate moment-shear ratios ranging from 3 to 33 feet (0.9 to 10 m). Web openings reduce the strength of composite beams. Beams with high moment-shear ratios fail by general yielding in the steel below the neutral axis and crushing in the concrete. Beams with medium to low moment-shear ratios fail by the formation of plastic hinges in the steel below the opening, accompanied by a diagonal tension failure in the concrete slab. The concrete in composite beams contributes significantly not only to the flexural strength, but also to the shear strength of the beams at web openings.
Complications of gastric bypass surgery: review

Literature review primarily focuses on the methods associated with reducing post operation complications that can occur as a direct result of gastric bypass surgery. These complications encompass nutritional deficiencies, internal hemorrhaging, hernias, possible bowel obstructions, venous thromboembolism and even infections in some cases. It is due to this that this paper delves into the various methods that can be utilized in order to address these complications in a reasonable fashion.
Microbiological Synthesis of Adenine Arabinoside

The microbiological synthesis of 9-βd-arabinofuranosyl adenine (ara-A, an antiviral drug) from adenine and arabinofuranosyluracil (ara-U) is described. Various bacteria, especially Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Erwinia herbicola and Aeromonas salmonicida, were found to be able to transfer the arabinofuranosyl moiety of ara-U to adenine (transarabinosylation) in the presence of inorganic phosphate. The optimum conditions for the transarabinosylation were pH 7.0 and 60°C. No reaction was observed in the absence of inorganic phosphate and its optimum concentration was around 30 mM. Six grams of ara-A was produced in liter of reaction mixture in the presence of wet cell paste of Enterobacter aerogenes AJ 11125. Ara-A formed was precipitated in the reaction mixture and isolated with an 87% yield. Physicochemical data for the compound agreed with those of authentic ara-A.
Market timing and selectivity performance of socially responsible funds

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the market timing and stock selection abilities of socially responsible (SR) mutual funds. Some high-profile SR fund managers try to embrace market timing and security selection plans to add value to the performance. Market timing relies on forecasting the equity market and shifting assets into or out of the market in anticipation of market movements. The selectivity measure assesses fund managers ability to select undervalued securities. Furthermore, the authors examine whether fund characteristics play any role in market timing and security selection ability. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use Treynor and Mazuy's’ (1966) and Henriksson and Mertons’ (1981) model to examine the market timing and security selection ability. The study uses a decade of monthly returns to examine the skills of fund managers in the SR industry for the period from July 2002 to June 2012. Findings – The main findings are that the managers – though not very successful –...
The Niched Pareto Genetic Algorithm 2 Applied to the Design of Groundwater Remediation Systems

We present an evolutionary approach to a difficult, multiobjective problem in groundwater quality management: how to pump-and-treat (PAT) contaminated groundwater to remove the most contaminant at the least cost. Although evolutionary multiobjective (EMO) techniques have been applied successfully to monitoring of groundwater quality and to containment of contaminated groundwater, our work is a first attempt to apply EMO to the long-term (ten year) remediation of contaminated water. We apply an improved version of the Niched Pareto GA (NPGA 2) to determine the pumping rates for up to fifteen fixed-location wells. The NPGA2 uses Pareto-rank-based tournament selection and criteria-space niching to find nondominated frontiers. With 15 well locations, the niched Pareto genetic algorithm is demonstrated to outperform both a single objective genetic algorithm (SGA) and enumerated random search (ERS) by generating a better tradeoff curve.