cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): Does early repair improve patient survival?

Abstract Introduction The optimal timing of repair for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients that require ECMO is controversial. Early repair on ECMO theoretically allows for restoration of normal thoracic anatomy but entails significant bleeding risks. The purpose of this study was to examine the institutional outcomes of early CDH repair on ECMO. Methods The records of infants with CDH placed on ECMO from 2001 to 2011 were reviewed. Since 2009, a protocol was instituted for early repair while on ECMO. For this study, three cohorts were analyzed: early repair ( 72h), and post-decannulation. These groups were compared for outcomes regarding morbidity and survival. Results Forty-six CDH patients received ECMO support with an overall survival of 53%. Twenty-nine patients (11 early/18 late) were repaired on ECMO, while 17 patients had repair post-decannulation. Survival was 73%, 50%, and 64% for those repaired early, late, or post-decannulation, respectively. Despite significantly worse prenatal factors, patients repaired early on ECMO had a similar survival. When comparing patients repaired on ECMO, the early group patients were decannulated 6days earlier (p-value=0.009) and had significantly lower circuit complications (p=0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, early repair on ECMO was associated with decreased ECMO duration, decreased circuit complications, and a trend towards improved survival.
Mineralogical Control on Porosity Type in Upper Jurassic Smackover Ooid Grainstones, Southern Arkansas and Northern Louisiana

ABSTRACT Original mineralogy of ooids affects both their diagenetic history and, therefore, the reservoir quality of ooid lithologies. Previous studies have shown that ancient ooid cortices were composed either of aragonite, Mg calcite, or calcite. This study, based on fabrics and geochemical analyses of Smackover oolites, suggests that both aragonite and calcite ooids were deposited on the Upper Jurassic Smackover shelf of southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. Smackover ooids exhibit both a blocky calcite spar fabric and a radial calcite fabric. Grainstones with blocky calcite spar ooids and oomoldic porosity have a higher strontium content than those with a radial calcite fabric. The high strontium has a Jurassic marine isotopic signature supporting the interpretation that the blocky cal ite spar is an early diagenetic fabric after aragonite. Radial calcite ooids were originally calcitic. The ooids accumulated in a series of linear bars parallel to shore. Ooids with original aragonite mineralogy are older and were deposited in the north. The younger, more southern bars consisted of calcite ooids. Aragonite ooids in the north were susceptible to dissolution and formation of moldic porosity during freshwater diagenesis. Moldic porosity is generally accompanied by low permeability. Calcite ooids in the south, however, were less susceptible to dissolution in meteoric waters; hence, preserved porosity is interparticle porosity and permeability is generally higher. Porosity types in the upper Smackover of Arkansas and Louisiana reflect both the original mineralogy of the ooids as well as their diagenetic history.
Endovascular Intervention for Stenosis Following Carotid Stent-Supported Angioplasty A Case Report

This report is on a patient with symptomatic late restenosis after carotid stent-supported angioplasty (CSSA). Initially, the patient underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with primary closure in response to an index transient ischemic attack 13 months before CSSA. He returned with angiographic evidence of recurrent carotid artery stenosis. A balloon-expandable stent was deployed with technical success. Follow-up angiography 1 year later showed an asymptomatic, noncritical in-stent restenosis (50%). Three years after the initial stent placement, the patient presented with ischemic symptoms and a carotid duplex confirming critical restenosis. The patient was successfully treated by deployment of a stent within a stent and showed significant hemodynamic improvement. This is a case report of late progressive restenosis, which raises concerns about long-term patency of CSSA in patients with aggressive postendarterectomy recurrence.
A novel sonification strategy for auditory display of heart rate and oxygen saturation changes in clinical settings.

Objective:The aim of this study was development of a sonification scheme to convey deviations in heart rate and oxygen saturation from a desired target level.Background:Maintaining physiologic para...
Associations Between Pain, Current Tobacco Smoking, Depression, and Fibromyalgia Status Among Treatment-Seeking Chronic Pain Patients.

Objective As smoking impacts physiological pathways in the central nervous system, it is important to consider the association between smoking and fibromyalgia, a pain condition caused predominantly by central nervous system dysfunction. The objectives were to assess the prevalence of current smoking among treatment-seeking chronic pain patients with (FM+) and without (FM−) a fibromyalgia-like phenotype; test the individual and combined influence of smoking and fibromyalgia on pain severity and interference; and examine depression as a mediator of these processes. Methods Questionnaire data from 1566 patients evaluated for a range of conditions at an outpatient pain clinic were used. The 2011 Survey Criteria for Fibromyalgia were used to assess the presence of symptoms associated with fibromyalgia. Results Current smoking was reported by 38.7% of FM+ patients compared to 24.7% of FM− patients. FM+ smokers reported higher pain and greater interference compared to FM+ nonsmokers, FM− smokers, and FM− nonsmokers. There was no interaction between smoking and fibromyalgia. Significant indirect effects of fibromyalgia and smoking via greater depression were observed for pain severity and interference. Conclusions Current smoking and positive fibromyalgia status were associated with greater pain and impairment among chronic pain patients, possibly as a function of depression. Although FM+ smokers report the most negative clinical symptomatology (i.e., high pain, greater interference) smoking does not appear to have a unique association with pain or functioning in FM+ patients, rather the effect is additive. The 38.7% smoking rate in FM+ patients is high, suggesting FM+ smokers present a significant clinical challenge.
Behavior of Bubbles of Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide in Soda‐Lime Glass

Bubbles of sulfur dioxide are dissolved by soda-lime glass containing arsenic or ferric oxide at a rate which follows a square-root-of-time law, indicating a diffusion process. Mixtures of sulfur dioxide and oxygen are dissolved very rapidly as long as both gases are present, whereas an excess of either gas remaining in the bubbles is adsorbed at the normal rate, which depends on the composition of the glass. Apparently sulfur dioxide is dissolved by oxidation either by oxygen in the bubble or by oxygen diffusing from oxidizing constituents in the glass, whereas oxygen is dissolved by diffusing into the glass to react with reducing constituents.
Transcriptional cosuppression of yeast Ty1 retrotransposons.

Cosuppression, the silencing of dispersed homologous genes triggered by high copy number, may have evolved in eukaryotic organisms to control molecular parasites such as viruses and transposons. Ty1 retrotransposons are dispersed gene repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where no cosuppression has been previously observed. Ty1 elements are seemingly expressed undeterred to a level as high as 10% of total mRNA. Using Ty1–URA3 reporters and negative selection with 5-fluoroorotic acid, it is shown that Ty1 genes can undergo transcriptional cosuppression that is independent of DNA methylation and polycomb-mediated repression. Expression of Ty1-related genes was shown to be in one of two states, the coexpressed state with all Ty1-related genes transcribed or the cosuppressed state with all Ty1-related genes shut off, without uncoordinated or mosaic expression in any individual cell. Rapid switches between the two states were observed. A high copy number of Ty1 elements was shown to be required for the initiation of Ty1 homology-dependent gene silencing, implying that Ty1 gene expression is under negative feedback control. Ty1 transcriptional repressors facilitated the onset of Ty1 cosuppression, and the native Ty1 promoters were required for Ty1 cosuppression, indicating that Ty1 cosuppression occurs at the transcriptional level.
Improved Mean and Variance Estimating Formulas for PERT Analyses

The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is a popular method for measuring and controlling activity progress in projects. Its structure is simple, and the result is fairly accurate as long as none of its base assumptions is violated. Many authors have challenged these assumptions and suggested improvements to the mean and variance formulas. This paper quantifies the accuracy of a wide range of PERT mean-variance estimation formulas. In addition, we develop a new PERT variant using common percentiles. The proposed method uses three points for estimation, just like the classical PERT. However, it provides options for the selection of the three points. It provides different set of probability weights by the selection of the three points and what parameter to estimate, i.e., mean or variance, which minimizes the estimation error. We compare the accuracy of our approach with existing methods using the Pearson distribution system. Our use of the Pearson system allows us to systematically compare different PERT methods over a wider range of distribution shapes than has previously been considered. This analysis shows that, despite its simple structure, our new method outperforms existing methods when estimating means and variances of most bell-shaped and J-shaped beta distributions. We also demonstrate how practitioners could use our new methods in actual project settings.
Characterization of inverter-grid interactions using a hardware-in-the-loop system test-bed

Renewable energy, such solar and wind, and other distributed generation (DG) resources are usually connected to the power grid through an inverter. As the penetration level of such inverter-based DG increases, their effects on, and interactions with the grid become an important concern for grid stability and power quality. In addition to the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation, which poses an challenge for system operation and power flow control, dynamics of the inverters have also been found to cause high-frequency stability problems. One particular issue is the harmonic resonance formed between the inverter output impedance and the grid impedance, which presents a system power quality problem and can lead to false tripping of inverters and other devices connected to the grid. This paper describes a hardware-in-the-loop system test-bed that has been developed to study such inverter-grid interactions and other system issues involving DG sources. Design considerations of the test-bed are presented along with its programming and control capabilities. Operation of grid-parallel inverters under different configurations and conditions of the test-bed is measured and their modes of interaction with the simulated grid are investigated. The effects of grid impedance and local loads on the stability and performance of grid-parallel inverters are also presented.
Embedded atom calculations of unstable stacking fault energies and surface energies in intermetallics

We performed embedded atom method calculations of surface energies and unstable stacking fault energies for a series of intermetallics for which interatomic potentials of the embedded atom type have recently been developed. These results were analyzed and applied to the prediction of relative ductility of these materials using the various current theories. Series of alloys with the B2 ordered structure were studied, and the results were compared to those in pure body-centered cubic (bcc) Fe. Ordered compounds with L12 and L10 structures based on the face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice were also studied. It was found that there is a correlation between the values of the antiphase boundary (APB) energies in B2 alloys and their unstable stacking fault energies. Materials with higher APB energies tend to have higher unstable stacking fault energies, leading to an increased tendency to brittle fracture.
Getting on top through mass murder: Narrative, metaphor, and violence:

This paper makes a case for narrative criminology by describing the storied nature of mass murder by Jim David Adkisson in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Drawing on interviews with and writings by Davi...
Insulin dependent apolipoprotein B degradation and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase activation with microsomal translocation are restored in McArdle RH7777 cells following serum deprivation.

Previous studies in rat hepatocytes demonstrated that insulin-dependent apolipoprotein (apo) B degradation (IDAD) is lost when cells are maintained for 3 d under enriched culture conditions. Loss of IDAD correlates with increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) known to be associated with resistance to insulin signaling in the liver. McArdle RH7777 hepatoma (McA) cells cultured in serum containing medium are resistant to IDAD; demonstrate a 30% increase in apo B secretion, and express increased levels of PTP1B protein and mRNA. In addition, insulin-stimulated Class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity of anti-pY immunoprecipitates is severely blunted. IDAD resistance in McA cells correlates with diminished translocation of insulin-stimulated pY-IRS1 to intracellular membranes. Incubation of McA cells with RK682, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, is sufficient to restore IDAD in resistant McA cells. Overall, results further support the importance of Class I PI3K activity in IDAD, and suggest that loss of this activity is sufficient to cause resistance. Although other factors are involved in downstream events including sortilin binding to apo B, autophagy, and lysosomal degradation, loss of signal generation and reduced localization of Class I PI3K to intracellular membranes plays a significant role in IDAD resistance.
Frankenplace: An Application for Similarity-Based Place Search

When experiencing or describing a new place people will often compare it against other places that they already know. However, this human attention to the simultaneous similarities and differences between places is not reflected in the design of user interfaces of current place search technologies. In this demo, we present Frankenplace, an application for doing similarity-based place search that allows users to interactively find new places based on mixtures of features drawn from different places. The features of places are derived from a combination of authoritative data sources and unstructured observation data from social media, and organized into an extensible set of layers. We demonstrate the Frankenplace interface, which lets a user build a profile of a target place by selecting the most relevant of the properties shared by known places.
Role of Health Services Research in Producing High-Value Rehabilitation Care

The concept of value is receiving greater attention in rehabilitation and the broader health care environment. The overall purpose of this article is to present a framework to help clinicians, researchers, educators, and policy makers better understand the role of health services research in developing and evaluating evidence on value in rehabilitation. Value in health care is a multidimensional concept and may be defined differently by various stakeholders, but assessing value typically involves considering a combination of several health and economic outcomes. However, health care stakeholders often lack sufficient information on these outcomes to make well-informed decisions. Health services approaches such as comparative effectiveness research, patient-centered outcomes research, and health economics assessments are some ways to evaluate value. The evidence generated from such studies directly informs decision making and health policy. Rehabilitation professionals have a great opportunity to increase their engagement in describing, evaluating, delivering, and disseminating high-value care, but there are several barriers they need to consider to be most successful. Embracing health services research best practices is essential for advancing appropriate rehabilitation practice, research, and policy and for addressing challenges to implementing high-value care.
Teaching of Parametric Modeling Methodologies for Undergraduate Engineering Students

In this paper, the experiences of incorporating parametric modeling methodologies in a computer aided design course are introduced. This course aims at sophomore and junior mechanical engineering students. Students are expected to understand the fundamentals of solid modeling, incorporate design intents in modeling processes effectively, and master basic skills of using commercial software for solid modeling. The overview of course design is given, encountered challenges are discussed, and solutions to these challenges are provided. Tentative results from two-year teaching are reported, and some suggestions for further improvement have been identified.
Gunshot wounds of the heart. Changing patterns of surgical management.

Abstract General policy regarding management of penetrating wounds of the chest in the charity hospitals of Houston and Harris County, Texas, has been to institute resuscitative measures immediately and to reserve thoracotomy for specific indications. This policy has been found applicable to both stab and gunshot wounds of the heart, and primary therapy has consisted of restoration of circulating blood volume, pulmonary reexpansion, and relief of pericardial tamponade when present. Thirty-one gunshot wounds of the heart managed in this manner up to January, 1963, have been reported from this center previously. Thoracotomy was performed in only 17 patients. Since that time another 35 patients have been treated for gunshot wounds of the heart. All underwent thoracotomy and cardiorrhaphy with similar overall results, but there were significant differences in individual groups. Analysis of the total group of 66 patients with gunshot wounds of the heart demonstrates that such changing patterns of surgical management relate to a variety of factors and that the results achieved support these changes. It now appears that thoracotomy and cardiorrhaphy without primary pericardiocentesis is a satisfactory method of management for a significant number of patients with gunshot wounds of the heart.
Mechanical Testing of Ceramics

This article reviews the common test methods used to measure strength, hardness, and elastic properties of ceramics and glasses.
Review: Nakagin Capsule Tower: Japanese Metabolist Landmark on the Edge of Destruction by Rima Yamazaki, director

Rima Yamazaki, director Nakagin Capsule Tower: Japanese Metabolist Landmark on the Edge of Destruction Michael Blackwood Productions, New York, 2010, DVD, 58 min., $60, http://www.michaelblackwoodproductions.com/archs_nakagin.php Since the announcement of its impending demolition in 2007 (an act that has yet to be realized, though appears ever present on the horizon), Kisho Kurokawa’s Nakagin Capsule Tower has proved a conundrum. Is the building history, or theory? Postwar exemplar, or failed mission? Worth the expense of renovation, or long past its expiration date? None of these questions allow for easy answers, and it is a credit to Rima Yamazaki’s short documentary film Nagakin Capsule Tower: Japanese Metabolist Landmark on the Edge of Destruction that it does not try to answer them. Not providing an answer, however, does not imply that the film remains unbiased in its assessment (as its subtitle clearly shows): we are meant to view this structure as a unique and irreplaceable piece of history. But is that enough to save it? Yamazaki’s film operates primarily through interviews and quiet pan shots, interspersed with a select number of archival film clips detailing the tower’s construction and initial presentation. Completed in 1972, Kurokawa’s Nagakin Capsule Tower arrived in Tokyo on the wave of the enticing display, at Expo ’70 in Osaka, of Metabolism’s techno-utopianism and the capacities of a war-destroyed cityscape to envision not only a new future for itself but also …
Effect of light intensity and wavelength on concentration of plant secondary metabolites in the leaves of Flourensia cernua

Flourensia cernua (tarbush) is a shrub that has encroached into grasslands in many areas of the northern Chihuahuan Desert and contains high levels of carbon-based secondary compounds. Concentrations of secondary compounds are affected by numerous biotic and abiotic influences, including amount and wavelength of solar radiation. However, responses to shade and ultraviolet light restriction are inconsistent among plant species and compound class. We conducted a three-year study to evaluate the effect of shade and UV light restriction on total phenolic and terpene concentrations in tarbush. Sixty plants were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (control, UV light restriction, or 50% incident light restriction). Mean concentrations of total phenolics and total volatiles in tarbush were 82.4 and 12.5 mg/g DM, respectively. Total phenolics did not differ between UV-restricted and control plants, but were lower in shaded plants than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Total volatiles tended to be greater for the UV-restricted treatment than control plants (P = 0.056), with shaded plants not different from either treatment. Treatment effects were detected for 18 individual compounds (P < 0.05). Our results partially support the hypothesis that UV restriction and shading alter carbon-based secondary chemical concentrations.
Linking Nitrogen Export to Landscape Heterogeneity: The Role of Infrastructure and Storm Flows in a Mediterranean Urban System†

Urban ecosystems are often sources of nonpoint source (NPS) nitrogen (N) pollution to aquatic ecosystems. However, N export from urban watersheds is highly variable. Examples of densely urbanized watersheds are not well studied, and these may have comparatively low export rates. Commonly used metrics of landscape heterogeneity may obscure our ability to discern relationships among landscape characteristics that can explain these lower export rates. We expected that differences not often captured by these metrics in the relative cover of vegetation, structures, and impervious surfaces would better explain observed variation in N export. We examined these relationships during storms in residential watersheds. Contrary to expectations, land cover did not directly predict variation in N or water export. Instead, N export was strongly linked to drainage infrastructure density. Our research highlights the role of fine-scaled landscape attributes, mainly infrastructure, in explaining patterns of N export from densely urbanized watersheds. Changes to hydrologic flow paths by infrastructure explained more variation in N export than land cover. Our findings support further development of landscape ecological models of urban N export that focus on hydrologic modification by infrastructure rather than traditional landscape measures such as land use, as indicators for evaluating patterns of NPS nitrogen pollution in densely urbanized watersheds.
The bone marrow and its leukocytic response in protein deficiency.

Leukocytes play an important role in resistance to infection. In the acute inflammatory stages, the leukocytes localize and phagocytose particulate injurious agents. Later on, they reinforce the antibody mechanism. 1~3 Since most of the circulating phagocytes are derived from the bone marrow, the effective functioning of this phase of the defense process depends largely on the ability of the bone marrow to produce and release leukocytes in response to infection.
Oppositional consciousness, cultural preservation, and everyday resistance on the Uyghur Internet

The Internet has potential as a tool for propagation of minority cultures and identities. As China is a multi-ethnic, multilingual society, people of varying cultural backgrounds and across the Chinese diaspora may be found participating in Chinese language sites. However, little attention has been paid to the separate online activity among any of China’s 55 officially recognized ethnic minority groups, such as the Uyghurs, especially in their native languages. In this paper, we consider in what ways digital media such as interactive online community forums (UY: munbar) may be used by one ethnic group, Uyghurs, as a means of mobilizing their community to preserve their culture and support their community. As the majority ethnic group within a region of China noted as among China’s most politically sensitive, Uyghur use of computer-mediated communication provides a rich source of study.
On the Use of Game Models in Theories of International Relations

Among all the social sciences, the art of model building is perhaps best developed in economics.Models or theories are conceptualizations of and abstractions from reality; they rely intrinsically on ldquo;if-thenrdquo;statements and should lead to testable propositions if they are to be of any use at all. It would be difficult to give a brief description of all the important characteristics of economic models, for there are numerous types, designed to describe or explain completely different aspects of economic reality. Most of them contain as essential ingredients some statements about the technical environment (e.g., marginal cost curves rise after a certain point) and some statements about human motivation (e.g., the entrepreneur desires to maximize profits; the consumer maximizes utility).The models themselves can have either descriptive or normative use. The Keynesian model or theory “explains” the factors diat cause the level of national income to be what it is and allows one to deduce the direction of change in national income resulting from changes in the parameters. The usefulness of such a descriptive model is determined by whether or not its conclusions are testable propositions. Normative models, most frequently encountered in economics in welfare economics and in operations research, also utilize statements about environment and motivations but do not pretend to predict; infact they merely prescribe. The test of the usefulness of such normative models is whether ornot their prescriptions are at least in principle imple—mentable.
American Wholesaler: Quo Vadis?

The global market environment poses various challenges for its constituent channel members. In particular, the role-set of the wholesaler often differs across transitional, emerging, industrialized, and post-industrialized market settings. Regardless of the variants in market infrastructure and development, the wholesaler remains a critical role-set in global supply chains. The focus of this article is to explore the dynamic channel functions of wholesaling in the United States, a post-industrialized market setting. While wholesalers maintain a paramount position in the distribution of goods and the provision of value-added services in the U.S., the wholesaler has received a paucity of research attention. This paper provides a set of research propositions to facilitate empirical investigation of the wholesalers' impact on channel efficiency and effectiveness.
A 2D Semiquinone Radical-Containing Microporous Magnet with Solvent-Induced Switching from Tc = 26 to 80 K

The incorporation of tetraoxolene radical bridging ligands into a microporous magnetic solid is demonstrated. Metalation of the redox-active bridging ligand 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (LH2) with FeII affords the solid (Me2NH2)2[Fe2L3]·2H2O·6DMF. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and Mossbauer spectra confirm the presence of FeIII centers with mixed-valence ligands of the form (L3)8– that result from a spontaneous electron transfer from FeII to L2–. Upon removal of DMF and H2O solvent molecules, the compound undergoes a slight structural distortion to give the desolvated phase (Me2NH2)2[Fe2L3], and a fit to N2 adsorption data of this activated compound gives a BET surface area of 885(105) m2/g. Dc magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a spontaneous magnetization below 80 and 26 K for the solvated and the activated solids, respectively, with magnetic hysteresis up to 60 and 20 K. These results highlight the ability of redox-active tetraoxolene ligands to support the format...
Theoretical Heterogeneous Catalysis: Scaling Relationships and Computational Catalyst Design

Scaling relationships are theoretical constructs that relate the binding energies of a wide variety of catalytic intermediates across a range of catalyst surfaces. Such relationships are ultimately derived from bond order conservation principles that were first introduced several decades ago. Through the growing power of computational surface science and catalysis, these concepts and their applications have recently begun to have a major impact in studies of catalytic reactivity and heterogeneous catalyst design. In this review, the detailed theory behind scaling relationships is discussed, and the existence of these relationships for catalytic materials ranging from pure metal to oxide surfaces, for numerous classes of molecules, and for a variety of catalytic surface structures is described. The use of the relationships to understand and elucidate reactivity trends across wide classes of catalytic surfaces and, in some cases, to predict optimal catalysts for certain chemical reactions, is explored. Finally, the observation that, in spite of the tremendous power of scaling relationships, their very existence places limits on the maximum rates that may be obtained for the catalyst classes in question is discussed, and promising strategies are explored to overcome these limitations to usher in a new era of theory-driven catalyst design.
What Defines a Valuable Investment in Global Health Research

Highlights In the rapidly globalizing world of science, building research capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and creating futuristic collaborative relationships between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs add great value to investment and also pave the path for major scientific discoveries to benefit the world and all countries involved. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute investment in the Global Health Initiative is a superb example of this principle.
DETECTION OF NITRATE IN LIQUID MILK PRODUCTS BY OSICILLOPOLAROGRAPHIC METHOD

Study the rapid analytic method of nitrate content in determining liquid milk products by Osicillopolarographic method.In the solution of 0.1 mol/L NH-4Cl-4×10~(-4) mol/L Yb(Ⅲ),nitrate produces a sensitive polarographic catalytic wave of second order derivative at peak Ep-1.50 V(vs·SCE). The nitrate content is proportional to peak current in the range of 0.1～3.0mg/L.The determination limit(3S/N) is 0.1 mg/L,the recovery rate is 92.4%～108.8% and relative standard deviation(RSD) is 1.7%～5.9%.In the study,a rapid analytic method of nitrate content has established in determining liquid milk products by polarographic catalytic method.The method is simple to operate.It mustn't add to nitrogen(N-2) and remove oxygen(O-2).When it is used to determine samples,the results are very satisfactory.
The value of interleukin 6 as a peripheral diagnostic marker in schizophrenia

Associations between a pro-inflammatory state and schizophrenia have been one of the more enduring findings of psychiatry, with various lines of evidence suggesting a compelling role for IL-6 in the underlying pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined IL-6 mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR from fresh extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in normal controls and participants with schizophrenia. We found that peripheral PBMC IL-6 mRNA levels, in the absence of any other information, reliably discriminated between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and normal controls. Furthermore, in participants with schizophrenia, we also found elevated levels of IL-6 mRNA with earlier ages of illness onset and worse positive symptom presentation, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. These findings provide important and continued support for a pathophysiological role of inflammation in patients with schizophrenia. Future utilization of peripheral IL-6 mRNA levels could be clinically useful during an initial diagnosis and help tailor individualized treatment plans for patients with schizophrenia.
Differential expression and effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on myosin in arterial tree of rats

The hypothesis that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , also known as calcitriol] modulates myosin expression in vascular smooth muscle was tested. Wistar-Kyoto or spontaneously hypertensive rats given intraperitoneal injections of 25 ng 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /100 g body weight for varying periods of time showed a greater than twofold increase in aortic mRNA encoding the myosin regulatory light chain relative to 18S rRNA (P < 0.05). 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 administration to Wistar rats caused a significant increase in the aortic content of total myosin regulatory light chain and total myosin heavy chain. The increase in myosin light chain was the result of a specific increase in expression of its smooth muscle isoform [control = 65.2 ± 3.4% vs. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 = 78.7 ± 3.6%, P = 0.020]. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 had no effect on total myosin light chain or heavy chain in the superior mesenteric artery. The hormone did, however, increase the proportion of the smooth muscle isoform of the light chain in this vessel [control = 81.4 ± 2.6% vs. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 = 88.8 ± 2.1%, P = 0.048]. In branch II and III mesenteric resistance arteries, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 significantly increased the active stress response to 10 μmol/l norepinephrine but was without effect on total myosin light chain or heavy chain content or on the relative expression of the myosin light chain isoforms [control = 94.0 ± 1.4% vs. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 = 95.8 ± 1.1%, P = 0.33]. We conclude that 1) 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances expression of myosin light chain and heavy chain in the aorta but not the more muscular mesenteric arteries, 2) the increase in light chain is the result of an increase in the smooth muscle isoform of the protein, raising the possibility that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 exerts a differentiating effect in the aorta, 3) there is differential distribution and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 responsiveness of the smooth muscle isoform of the light chain along the arterial tree, and 4) 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances stress generation in the resistance artery by an effect that is independent of its pro-myosin activity.
Intraoperative endourologic urethral manipulation.

SUMMARY These simple techniques are rapid and efficient ways to deal with intraoperative difficulties. The equipment required is readily available in most operating rooms where endourologic procedures are performed. The techniques can obviate open surgical procedures, thus decreasing the morbidity to the patient and creating significant cost savings for the provider.
Nonlinear distortion in modern hearing aids.

Nonlinear distortion was investigated in 367 new hearing aids. Among the first group of instruments examined, the level of harmonic distortion present at 500, 700, and 900 Hz was studied, together ...
The Description and Testing of a New Measure of the Weights of Evaluative Criteria

A new approach to measuring the weights of evaluative criteria is described and empirically evaluated. There was a significant difference of a systematic nature between weights calculated with this approach and those estimated by direct questioning in the study. The correlation between stated attitudes and those generated using calculated weights is higher than the same correlation using direct weights.
E-065 “Rescue” Intracranial Stenting for Refractory Large Vessel (Re)occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction The use of intracranial stents for symptomatic cerebrovascular stenosis has been limited since the publication of recent clinical trials suggestive of elevated procedural risks. However, the utility of these devices for “salvage” therapy in acute stroke has not been well studied. Objective To investigate the efficacy of intracranial stenting in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion, who failed to recanalize or continued to reocclude with standard thrombectomy methods. Methods Retrospective data review and analysis. Data was collected in 2015–2016. Results We identified 5 patients (3 males; mean age 45.2 years), who received intracranial stents during acute stroke intervention. Stents were utilized if vessel reocclusion occurred after thrombectomy (4 cases), or when recanalization could not be achieved with standard thrombectomy devices (1 case). Self-expanding stents were used in 3, and balloon-mounted stents were deployed in 2 cases. Intraprocedural abciximab, followed by postprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy was used in all cases to prevent in-stent thrombosis. Total procedure time was 116–162 min (mean 134.6 ± 19.8). First recanalization was achieved within 22–106 min (mean 47.8 ± 34.1). Final TICI 2 B or 3 recanalization was achieved in all 5 (100%) patients. Clinical follow-up ranged from 4 days to 8 months. No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred. Median preprocedure vs follow-up NIHSS were 19 vs 11, respectively. One patient with the longest recanalization time (106 min), and highest preprocedural NIHSS (27) died. Another patient with reocclusion a few hours after a previous thrombectomy procedure did not improve despite TICI 3 final recanalization. The other 3 patients (60%) showed clinical improvement: the median NIHSS has decreased from 14 to 7. Conclusion Intracranial stent placement for refractory large vessel (re)occlusion in acute ischemic stroke is feasible with high technical success rate, however, this is not always associated with favorable clinical outcome. If refractory vessel occlusion or reocclusion is encountered during acute stroke intervention, early stent placement and recanalization may lead to more favorable outcome. Verification in a larger cohort is necessary. Disclosures G. Toth: None. S. John: None. M. Elgabaly: None. M. Hussain: None. M. Bain: None.
Misfit-driven β′′′ precipitate composition and morphology in Mg-Nd alloys

Abstract We report on a combined computational and experimental examination of coherent precipitation in a Mg-Nd alloy, a prototypical Mg-rare earth alloy. Three-dimensional phase field simulations are conducted to predict the composition and morphology of β ′ ′ ′ precipitates, a unique family of hierarchically ordered phases that are metastable in a wide Nd concentration range. Predictions are compared to experimental high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. The phase field model thermodynamic description is parameterized entirely from first-principles calculations. The simulations predict an elevated Nd composition in β ′ ′ ′ that is above the stress-free equilibrium value. The elevated Nd concentration in β ′ ′ ′ is in very good agreement with experimental observations and arises from a large misfit strain energy penalty and the low curvature of the β ′ ′ ′ free energy well. The phase field simulations predict that isolated precipitates are lenticular with a (100) habit plane, and are approximately equiaxial when viewed along the [100] direction. The predicted habit plane and precipitate dimensions are shown to be generally consistent with experimental observations, within the uncertainty introduced by density functional theory calculations of the stress-free transformation (misfit) strain and by precipitate interactions not accounted for in the simulations. Contrary to the predictions for isolated precipitates, some experimentally observed precipitates are elongated along the [001] direction relative to the [010] direction. This elongation is frequently correlated with a particular arrangement of two orientation variants of β ′ ′ ′ . A phase field simulation of two precipitates in this arrangement is shown to exhibit similar [001] elongation.
Effects of Vibration on Humans: Performance Decrements and Limits:

The standards for vibration in MIL-STD-1472B, Human Engineering Design Criteria for Systems, Equipment, and Facilities, were compared to data from the literature and were found to be inadequate. Fa...
Screening for Insomnia: An Observational Study Examining Sleep Disturbances, Headache Characteristics, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients Visiting a Headache Center.

Objective Effective treatments for insomnia exist, but few physicians treating headaches have routine methods for screening for insomnia. We sought to 1) describe the migraine characteristics and comorbid conditions that can affect sleep and 2) assess their relationships with positive screens on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of the migraine and sleep characteristics of new patients in our headache center (August 15, 2015-October 28, 2015) who were suspected of having migraines based on the new patient intake questionnaire. The questionnaire included the ISI, questions about headache characteristics, and screens for psychiatric comorbidities. Two tailed t tests and analysis of variance evaluated relationships between headache characteristics, comorbidities, and ISI score. Results A total of 61 new patients were suspected to have migraines. The mean number of headache days per month was 11.6. Only 41% of patients reported sleeping seven or more hours; 49.2% had an ISI of 15 or higher (positive screen). Regarding the insomnia scores, there were no differences between moderate and severe headache pain, between episodic and chronic headaches, and between the associated symptoms (nausea/vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia; P > 0.05). Musculoskeletal pain (18.7 vs 13.8, P = 0.027), depression (rho = 0.610), and general anxiety (rho = 0.436) were associated with higher ISI scores. Conclusions Nearly half of the patients with suspected migraines in a headache center screened positive for insomnia, independent of whether they had episodic or chronic headaches. This would generate a substantial number of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) referrals. Given the strong association between comorbid musculoskeletal pain, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, we suggest prioritizing CBT-I referral for those patients regardless of their headache frequency.
Evolutionary computation: exploring the genotype representation

In evolutionary computation, principles of selection and evolution are applied to competing populations of algorithms. The individual's "genotype" is thus a representation of an algorithm, which is expressed as a behavior in its environment. A number of different representations for the genotype have been used in other experiments. In order for adaptation to be flexible, this representation must effectively accommodate heritable mutations in a space that produces viable genotypes; also, in the case of crossover, it would appear ideal for cohesive parts of the genotype to be traded. We propose a "modular boolean logic network" representation, allowing for mutation and crossover of nested and recurring "modules" of interconnected boolean functions, and explore the effects of varied levels of "modularity" in these networks. The networks are employed as controllers in a 2-dimensional game of pursuit and evasion between simulated agents.
Growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and metabolic profile of dairy heifers limit-fed distillers dried grains with ad libitum forage

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a corn- and soybean-product-based concentrate mix or distillers dried grains with solubles concentrate mix with ad libitum grass hay to dairy heifers. A 16-wk randomized complete block design study was conducted using 24 heifers [18 Holstein and 6 Brown Swiss; 219 ± 2 d of age (±standard deviation); 230 ± 4 kg of body weight] to evaluate the effect of diet on dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance, rumen fermentation, metabolic profile, and nutrient digestibility. Treatments were (1) corn and soybean product concentrate mix, and (2) distillers-dried-grains-with-solubles-based concentrate mix (DDG). Both concentrate mixes were limit-fed at 0.8% of body weight and grass hay was offered ad libitum. Heifers were individually fed using Calan gates and orts were recorded daily at feeding. Heifers were weighed every 2 wk and ration concentrate mix offered was adjusted accordingly. Frame measurements and body condition score were recorded every 2 wk. Rumen fluid was collected via esophageal tubing during wk 12 and 16 for pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acid analysis. Jugular blood samples were collected every 4 wk for metabolite and metabolic hormone analysis. Total-tract digestibility of nutrients was evaluated during wk 16 by fecal grab sampling. No treatment by week interactions were observed for any of the growth measurements and growth measurements and DMI did not differ between treatments. A treatment by time interaction was observed for rumen butyrate percentage with heifers fed DDG having a greater percentage. Total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate molar percentage, and acetate:propionate decreased with the DDG treatment, whereas propionate molar percentage increased. No treatment by week interactions were observed for any of the metabolites or metabolic hormones measured. A tendency was observed for glucose and plasma urea nitrogen concentration to decrease with DDG. Plasma cholesterol and insulin increased with DDG. Results demonstrated that limit-feeding heifers DDG at 0.8% of body weight with ad libitum grass hay maintained growth performance, average daily gain, DMI, and gain:feed, with shifts in the metabolic profile compared with the corn and soybean product concentrate mix.
Chronic Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy (CRION)

Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a form of recurrent, corticosteroid-sensitive, isolated optic neuropathy. The diagnosis is one of exclusion and should be considered in the absence of other neurological, infectious, inflammatory, or systemic autoimmune disease. CRION is highly responsive to systemic steroid treatment, and relapses often occur with corticosteroid withdrawal. Early identification of these patients is critical for preservation of visual function with the use of corticosteroids and steroid-sparing medications. Below, we will present a case and discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of CRION.
Do Hostile School Environments Promote Social Deviance by Shaping Neural Responses to Social Exclusion

The present study examined adolescents' neural responses to social exclusion as a mediator of past exposure to a hostile school environment (HSE) and later social deviance, and whether family connectedness buffered these associations. Participants (166 Mexican-origin adolescents, 54.4% female) reported on their HSE exposure and family connectedness across Grades 9-11. Six months later, neural responses to social exclusion were measured. Finally, social deviance was self-reported in Grades 9 and 12. The HSE-social deviance link was mediated by greater reactivity to social deviance in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region from the social pain network also implicated in social susceptibility. However, youths with stronger family bonds were protected from this neurobiologically mediated path. These findings suggest a complex interplay of risk and protective factors that impact adolescent behavior through the brain.
Uniform Boundedness of Iterates of Analytic Mappings Implies Linearization: a Simple Proof and Extensions

A well-known result in complex dynamics shows that if the iterates of an analytic map are uniformly bounded in a complex domain, then the map is analytically conjugate to a linear map. We present a simple proof of this result in any dimension. We also present several generalizations and relations to other results in the literature.