cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of accounting expert systems citations: an alternative accounting classification scheme

This paper compares and contrasts a paper by Shanker, Nilakanta, and Norris 1992 that quantitatively analyzes citations with Brown 1989. The analytical approach used by Shanker et al. is discussed in light of the background and limitations of the original study, the accounting classification scheme used for the analysis, and classification differences caused by either authors classifying their own articles or someone else classifying the articles based on abstracts. An alternative accounting classification scheme is presented that uses four dimensions to describe and organize the discipline of accounting: accounting tasks, domain, organization type, and service provider. In this context, a number of representative accounting expert systems are classified and discussed. Recommendations are suggested for further research.
“Health for Three-Thirds of the Nation”: Public Health Advocacy of Universal Access to Medical Care in the United States

The public health community has made important, original contributions to the debate over universal access to health services in the United States. Well before the decision of the American Public Health Association in 1944 to endorse a health plan encompassing virtually the entire populace, prominent public health practitioners and scholars embraced universality as an essential principle of health policy. Influenced by Arthur Newsholme, C.-E. A. Winslow began to promote this principle in the 1920s. Many others came to justify universal medical care as a corollary of the traditional ideal of all-inclusive public health services. By the 1940s, most leaders in the field saw national health insurance as the best way to attain universal access. For the past 30 years, advocates of universalism have asserted a social right to health services.
Investigation of the Sorption and Tensile Response of Pultruded E-Glass/Vinylester Composites Subjected to Hygrothermal Exposure and Sustained Strain

The aim of the present research is to provide insights into the sorption behavior and degradation mechanisms of a unidirectional pultruded E-glass/vinylester composite subjected to synergistic hygrothermal exposure and sustained bending strain for exposure times of up to 2 years. Composite specimens were found to follow a Langmuir-type diffusion behavior in all environments, with departure from that behavior attributed either to material leaching-out, chemical breakdown, interfacial debonding, or central delamination. The composite tensile strength decreased with increasing immersion time and temperature, with high sustained strain levels having a more detrimental effect at elevated temperatures. The initial strength loss was associated with matrix plasticization, while later reductions were caused by the occurrence of mechanisms of fiber degradation and interfacial debonding. Changes in tensile strength were largely reversible as a result of immersion in deionized water at 22 °C, but the level of regain ...
The economic impact of the denver broncos football club on the denver metropolitan economy

The purpose of the study was to assess the economic impact of the Denver Broncos Football Club on the Denver Metropolitan Area economy. Primary data required to determine the economic impact was collected from three main sources. First, a two page survey questionnaire was mailed to 9,519 randomly selected season ticket holders with 4,810 returned questionnaires. The City and County of Denver provided financial management information reports for all home games as the second source of primary data. Finally, the Denver Broncos administration provided financial information pertaining to operational expenditures. The total industrial output or economic impact was calculated at $ll7,80l,500 for the economic activity associated with the Denver Broncos Football Club for the 1989-1990 season. Direct economic impact was shown to be $64,282,200 and indirect and induced effects corresponding to the multipliers generated by the model was an additional $53,519,300. Employee compensation was $47,213,300 and property inc...
Methacrylate‐based block ionomers I: Synthesis of block ionomers derived from t‐butyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates

Diblock and triblock copolymers of t-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) with 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) and n-hexyl methacrylate were prepared via alkyl lithium initiation and sequential addition techniques in THF at −78°C. The tBMA blocks were quantiatively and selectively hydrolyzed to afford poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) blocks which were then neutralized with alkali metal bases to form block ionomers. The unhydrolyzed copolymers had a phase mixed morphology as evidenced by thermal analysis while the hydrolyzed and neutralized polymers were multiphase materials. The carboxylic acid and ioncontaning triblock copolymers formed gels in nonpolar solvents which could be disrupted by the addition of polar additives. Certain carboxylic acid and ioncontaining EHMA/tBMA diblock copolymers also showed this behavior. The triblock ionomers did not show thermoplastic flow prior to degradation, except at the lowest ionic content studied (2%).
Disseminated Infection Caused by Eggerthella lenta in a Previously Healthy Young Man: A Case Report

Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant normal flora of the mucous membranes which may cause life-threatening disseminated infections and are often difficult to culture from infected sites. Eggerthella (previously known as Eubacteria species) is an anaerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile, Gram-positive rod that is found in the human colon and feces and has been isolated from various other clinical specimens. We report a case of complicated disseminated anaerobic bacterial infection with Eggerthella lenta in a healthy immunocompetent man causing multiple brain abscesses, liver abscesses, necrotizing pneumonia, and osteomyelitis of the left radial bone. He was successfully treated with empiric penicillin G and metronidazole.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy

For much of the 20th century, our understanding of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) was limited because the condition went by several different names; clinical and histopathologic descriptions were often combined with those of similar neuropathic disorders including Guillain-Barre syndrome, the hereditary hypertrophic polyneuropathies, and other chronic polyneuropathies; and the means to sufficiently study and treat the condition had not been developed. Major advances in the understanding of CIDP occurred mid century and included the development of the experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) model, the elaboration of nerve conduction studies, and the discovery of corticosteroids. In the 1970s, CIDP finally emerged as a distinct entity with well-defined clinical, histopathologic, and electrodiagnostic features. Diagnostic criteria were developed, and subsequent treatment trials proved the efficacy of corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Stability of an axially accelerating string subjected to frictional guiding forces

Abstract The dynamic response of an axially translating continuum subjected to the combined effects of a pair of spring supported frictional guides and axial acceleration is investigated; such systems are both non-conservative and gyroscopic. The continuum is modeled as a tensioned string translating between two rigid supports with a time-dependent velocity profile. The equations of motion are derived with the extended Hamilton's principle and discretized in the space domain with the finite element method. The stability of the system is analyzed with the Floquet theory for cases where the transport velocity is a periodic function of time. Direct time integration using an adaptive step Runge–Kutta algorithm is used to verify the results of the Floquet theory. This approach can also be employed in the general case of arbitrary time-varying velocity. Results are given in the form of time history diagrams and instability point grids for different sets of parameters such as the location of the stationary load, the stiffness of the elastic support, and the values of initial tension. This work showed that presence of friction adversely affects stability, but using non-zero spring stiffness on the guiding force has a stabilizing effect. This work also showed that the use of the finite element method and Floquet theory is an effective combination to analyze stability in gyroscopic systems with stationary friction loads.
Gait pattern estimation for intelligent bionic leg

Intelligent bionic leg (IBL) can restitute walking function for above-knee amputees. To realize symmetrical stable walking, IBL must be able to perceive the movement intention of amputee so as to actuate its knee joint accordingly when walking on various terrains with different cadences and stride length. Gait pattern estimation schemes using thigh kinematic data based on two classical pattern recognition techniques (Principal Component Analysis, PCA and Artificial Neural Networks, ANNs) for IBL are then preliminarily investigated. Simulation results demonstrated the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Perturbations and Metric Regularity

A point x is an approximate solution of a generalized equation b∈F(x) if the distance from the point b to the set F(x) is small. ‘Metric regularity’ of the set-valued mapping F means that, locally, a constant multiple of this distance bounds the distance from x to an exact solution. The smallest such constant is the ‘modulus of regularity’, and is a measure of the sensitivity or conditioning of the generalized equation. We survey recent approaches to a fundamental characterization of the modulus as the reciprocal of the distance from F to the nearest irregular mapping. We furthermore discuss the sensitivity of the regularity modulus itself, and prove a version of the fundamental characterization for mappings on Riemannian manifolds.
Histone acetylation and chromatin conformation are regulated separately at the TNF-α promoter in monocytes and macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which participates in a wide range of immunoregulatory activities. It is generally produced at highest levels by cells of the myeloid lineage in response to activation of pathogen recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors. Impaired production predisposes to infection with intracellular organisms, and overproduction results in systemic or organ-specific inflammation. Control of expression is essential to maintain homeostasis, and this control is mediated via multiple strategies. We examined two separate aspects of chromatin accessibility in this study of the human TNF-alpha promoter. We examined the role of histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling in cell lines and primary cells and identified two individual steps associated with activation of TNF-alpha production. Histone H3 and H4 acetylation was found to be strongly dependent on the developmental stage of human monocytes. It did not appear to be regulated by acute stimuli, and instead, chromatin remodeling was found to occur after acute stimuli in a cell line competent to produce TNF-alpha. These data suggest that there is a hierarchy of controls regulating expression of TNF-alpha. Acetylation of histones is a prerequisite but is insufficient on its own for TNF-alpha production.
An inexpensive and automated method for presenting olfactory or tactile stimuli to rats in a two-choice discrimination task.

An inexpensive and automated method for presentation of olfactory or tactile stimuli in a two-choice task for rats was implemented with the use of a computer-controlled bidirectional motor. The motor rotated a disk that presented two stimuli of different texture for tactile discrimination, or different odor for olfactory discrimination. Because the solid olfactory stimuli were placed outside the chamber in metal pods with a mesh at front for odor sampling, “washout” of odors between trials was not necessary. To avoid differential auditory cues from motor rotation, the stimuli were arranged such that on each trial the motor always rotated exactly one quarter revolution (in 1 s), left or right, to present the next stimulus at trial start. To illustrate the use of the equipment, 2 rats were trained on tactile discrimination and 2 rats on olfactory discrimination. The rats sampled the stimulus on the disk through a port on the back wall by sniffing at it (olfactory) or touching it (tactile). The task was a go-left/go-right discrimination with the stimulus on the disk being discriminative for which lever provided reinforcement. The rats reached a stable level above 90% correct after 21 and 32 training sessions for tactile and olfactory discrimination, respectively. The article outlines how the equipment was constructed from low-cost components. Inputs from and outputs to the equipment were implemented through the parallel port of a personal computer without the use of a commercial interface board. The method of automated and low-cost presentation of olfactory or tactile stimuli should be of use for a variety of experimental situations such as matching-to-sample and cross-modal discrimination.
Efficiency modeling and performance comparison of switched capacitor converter EV/PHEV drives

This paper presents the performance comparison and transfer efficiency modeling and analysis of a 4-quadrant switched capacitor Luo (4-Q SC Luo) converter and 2-Q SCC, applicable for hybrid electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) Energy storage system (ESS) applications. Features of voltage step-down, voltage step-up, and bi-directional power flow are integrated into a single circuit. The SCC enables simpler dynamics compared to a standard buck converter, with input filter, good regulation capability, low EMI, lower source current ripple, ease of control, and continuous input current waveform in both modes of operation (buck and boost modes).
How park and recreation agencies engage in community development.

This study described park and recreation agency directors' attitudes towards their agencies' engagement in community development. Two hundred eighty-nine park and recreation administrators were surveyed. A questionnaire measured community development related to participants' attitudes, types, approaches, importance and engagement. Results indicated administrators believed parks and recreation are used for community development and that park and recreation agencies should conduct community development; however, certain functions central to the process (i.e., citizen empowerment training, leadership development and outreach) were not among the highest priorities. Results revealed agencies must invest in citizen empowerment and building their involvement into the community development process.
Evaluation of insulin pump treatment under routine conditions.

Summary Sixty-six patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) initiated insulin pump treatment under routine conditions. Four patients (6%) discontinued treatment. One patient died. 61 patients were followed for a total period of 130 patient years. A sustained decrease in HbA 1c was obtained during insulin pump treatment. The frequency of the following acute side effects was: ketoacidosis 0.06 episodes per patient per year, severe hypoglycaemia 0.09 episodes per patient per year and infection at the injection site 0.06 episodes per patient per year. Insulin pump treatment was well accepted by the patients; all but one wanted to continue insulin pump treatment. The major advantages were greater quality of life, greater flexibility as to meal times and better blood glucose regulation. The major disadvantages were technical problems: blockage of the infusion system, greater treatment expenses and the large pump size. We conclude that insulin pump treatment is well accepted as long-term treatment in selected IDDM patients. The improvement in metabolic control can be sustained through several years, and the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia during pump treatment is comparable to that of conventional insulin treatment. The risk of ketoacidosis requires more attention from the physician.
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Normal Rabbit Serum

Viability of Listeria monocytogenes suspended in either normal rabbit serum or listericidal factor is significantly reduced before cell lysis. In normal serum Listeria populations are initially reduced by clumping of viable bacteria, and the cells within these clumps are morphologically altered and killed by the listericidal factor in serum. This clumping is complement independent and does not occur after suspension in purified listericidal factor. In electron micrographs, densely stained amorphous material was seen surrounding clumped cells suspended in serum. Initial damage to Listeria suspended in either serum or listericidal factor appears to be confined to plasma and mesosomal membranes. The mesosomes are rapidly disorganized, and the plasma membrane becomes crenated and separates from the cell wall. Subsequently, the fibrillar organization of the nuclear region disrupts, and the cytoplasm increases in granularity. Studies utilizing Listeria protoplasts provided evidence in support of the plasma membrane as the site of listericidal action. Cell death may be related to loss in enzyme function after crenation of the plasma membrane and mesosomal dissolution.
Stent graft therapy for false lumen aneurysmal degeneration in established type B aortic dissection (FADED) results in differential volumetric remodeling of the thoracic versus abdominal aortic segments.

Background Despite optimal medical therapy of type B aortic dissections, false lumen aneurysmal degeneration of these established dissections (FADED) occur over long term (>6 months). The efficacy of thoracic stent grafts (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]) in promoting aortic remodeling when placed at late time points remains controversial and was the focus of this investigation. Methods Utilizing tomographic scans, the volume of 6 distinct aortic compartments were calculated including the stented true lumen and stented false lumen (STL and SFL), below-stent true and false lumens (BSTL and BSFL), and the infrarenal aorta true and false lumens (IRA TL and IRA FL) when applicable. Cross-sectional areas were calculated at 1-cm intervals, collated, and volumetric ratios were derived from preoperative values. Results From 2004 to 2011, 21 patients met inclusion criteria. Complete false lumen (FL) thrombosis was achieved in 85.7% of SFL and 26.3% of BSFL. Volumetric analysis demonstrated that 71% of patients had increased STL volume and 71% had decreased SFL. In the below-stent region, 75% of patients had increased true lumen (TL) with 59% concurrently decreased FL volume. The IRA TL volume increased in 85% of patients and the IRA FL also expanded in 75% of this cohort. At the latest time point, overall growth was noted in the infrarenal aortic segment. Conclusions Utilization of TEVAR in patients suffering from FADED can promote TL expansion with concurrent FL regression; however, progressive dilation in the total infrarenal aorta volume may occur and warrants close surveillance.
Insight into microRNA regulation by analyzing the characteristics of their targets in humans

microRNAs (miRNAs) are believed to regulate their targets through posttranscriptional gene regulation and have the potential to silence gene expression via multiple mechanisms. Despite previous advances on miRNA regulation of gene expression, little has been investigated from a genome scale. To gain new insight into miRNA regulation in humans, we used large scale data and carried out a series of studies to compare various features of miRNA target genes to that of non-miRNA target genes. We observed significant differences between miRNA and non-miRNA target genes for a number of characteristics, including higher and broader mRNA expression, faster mRNA decay rate, longer protein half-life, and longer gene structures. Based on these features and by analyzing their relationships we found that miRNA target genes, other than having miRNA repression, were most likely under more complex regulation than non-miRNA target genes, which was evidenced by their higher and broader gene expression but longer gene structures. Our results of higher and broader gene expression but fast mRNA decay rates also provide evidence that miRNA dampening of the output of preexisting transcripts facilitates a more rapid and robust transition to new expression programs. This could be achieved by enhancing mRNA degradation through an additive effect from multiple miRNA targeting. Genome-scale analysis on the nature of miRNA target genes has revealed a general mechanism for miRNA regulation of human gene expression. The results of this study also indicate that miRNA target genes, other than having miRNA repression, are under more complex gene regulation than non-miRNA target genes. These findings provide novel insight into miRNA regulation of human gene expression.
Rupture propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from observations at the UPSAR

Using a short-baseline seismic array (U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Dense Seismograph Array [upsar]) about 12 km west of the rupture initiation of the 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake, we have observed the movement of the rupture front of this earthquake on the San Andreas fault. The sources of high-frequency arrivals at upsar, which we use to identify the rupture front, are mapped onto the San Andreas fault using their apparent velocity and back azimuth. Measurements of apparent velocity and back azimuth are calibrated using aftershocks, which have a compact source and known location. Aftershock back azimuths show considerable lateral refraction, consistent with a high-velocity ridge on the southwest side of the fault. We infer that the initial mainshock rupture velocity was approximately the Rayleigh speed (with respect to slower side of the fault), and the rupture then slowed to about 0.66 β near the town of Parkfield after 2 sec. The last well-correlated pulse, 4 sec after S, is the largest at upsar, and its source is near the region of large accelerations recorded by strong-motion accelerographs and close to northern extent of continuous surface fractures on the southwest fracture zone. Coincidence of sources with preshock and aftershock distributions suggests fault material properties control rupture behavior. High-frequency sources approximately correlate with the edges of asperities identified as regions of high slip derived from inversion of strong-motion waveforms.
Intrinsic Testicular Temperature Elevation and Subfertile Semen

The possibility that intrinsic elevation of scrotal temperature could be related to subfertile semen has, only recently, become a matter for research interest.
Investigating Ceiling Effects in Longitudinal Data Analysis

Score limitation at the top of a scale is commonly termed “ceiling effect.” Ceiling effects can lead to serious artifactual parameter estimates in most data analysis. This study examines the conseq...
Hardware complexity of binary distributed detection systems with isolated local Bayesian detectors

The authors have devised a simple suboptimal decentralized binary detection system where each local detector independently, and the data function center, are minimizing Bayesian risks (not necessarily identical). They compare the hardware volume of a system with identical local risks to that of an optimal centralized system which minimizes the same global risk for several mathematically tractable cases. The results can be used by designers of distributed detection systems (even less restricted than the ones that the authors consider in this work) to obtain upper bounds on the number of (decentralized) detectors which are required in order to guarantee prespecified performance. >
Population structure, demographic history, and evolutionary patterns of a green-fruited tomato, Solanum peruvianum (Solanaceae), revealed by spatial genetics analyses

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Wild relatives of crop species have long been viewed as an important genetic resource for crop improvement, but basic information about the population biology of these species is often lacking. This study investigated the population structure, demographic history, and evolutionary patterns of a green-fruited relative of the cultivated tomato, Solanum peruvianum. METHODS We investigated spatial genetics of S. peruvianum and screened for loci potentially under natural selection by integrating amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotypes, phenotypic data, geography, and geographic information system (GIS)-derived climate data of 19 natural populations. KEY RESULTS Solanum peruvianum had a moderate degree of population differentiation, likely reflecting partial geographic isolation between species. Populations had a distribution pattern consistent with north-to-south "stepping-stone" dispersal with significant isolation by distance (IBD), similar to other tomato species. Several AFLP loci showed evidence of selection and associated with climate variables. However, phenotypic traits generally did not correlate with climate variables. CONCLUSIONS Geographic features of the coastal Andes is likely an important factor that determines the migration pattern and population structure of S. peruvianum, but climatic factors do not appear to be critical for its phenotypic evolution, perhaps due to a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. Spatial genetics of wild relatives of crop species is a powerful approach to understand their evolutionary patterns and to accelerate the discovery of their potential for crop improvements.
Identifying novel mechanisms regulating expression of inflammatory chemokine CXCL2 (CCR3P.206)

Mammalian cells produce inflammatory mediators in response to the innate immune signal and their expression is tightly regulated. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), also known as MIP2-alpha, belongs to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL2 is chemotactic for neutrophils. Elevated expression of CXCL2 is associated with many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently we have found that the Fli-1 transcription factor is a novel regulator in modulating the expression of many inflammatory mediators. including MCP-1,CCL5) and IL-6. Since we found that lupus-prone mice with reduced expression of Fli-1 had significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration into the kidneys, we investigated if Fli-1 regulates the expression of CXCL2. We found that Fli-1 protein expression in endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1 specific siRNA was significantly decreased compared to the expression of Fli-1 in cells transfected with control siRNA after stimulation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligands, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. The production of CXCL2 in endothelial cells with LPS stimulation is dose-dependent. We found that Fli-1 binds to the CXCL2 promoter by Chromatin immunoprecipitation‎ (ChIP) assay. Transient transfection assays show that Fli-1 drives transcription from the CXCL2 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that Fli-1 is a novel, critical transcription factor in regulating the expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL2.
Rx: human nature.

Why doesn't a woman who continues to have unwanted pregnancies avail herself of the free contraception at a nearby clinic? What keeps people from using free chlorine tablets to purify their drinking water? Behavioral economics has shown us that we don't always act in our own best interests. This is as true of health decisions as it is of economic ones. An array of biases, limits on cognition, and motivations leads people all over the world to make suboptimal health choices. The good news is that human nature can also be a source of solutions. Through her studies in Zambia exploring the reasons for unwanted pregnancies and the incentives that would motivate hairdressers to sell condoms to their clients, the author has found that designing effective health programs requires more than providing accessible, affordable care; it requires understanding what makes both end users and providers tick. By understanding the cognitive processes underlying our choices and applying the tools of behavioral economics-such as commitment devices, material incentives, defaults, and tools that tap our desire to help others-it's possible to design simple, inexpensive programs that encourage good health decisions and long-term behavior change. INSET: Selecting for Altruistic Capital.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease

Except for age, dyslipidemia is the most important predictive factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) (1). The strong, independent, continuous, and graded relationship between total cholesterol (TC) levels, or low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) level and the risk of CAD events has been clearly demonstrated world wide in men and women and in all age groups (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). High cholesterol levels are a major contributor to CAD: 38 million Americans have a TC of more than 240 mg/dL and 96 million are estimated to have levels above 200 mg/dL (7). In general, a 1% increase in the LDL-C level may lead to a 2–3% increase in CAD risk (3,4). Aggressive lipid-lowering drug treatment in high-risk individuals will reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality rates and increase overall survival (8, 9, 10, 11, 12).
Utilizing Motivational Interviewing to Address Resistant Behaviors in Clinical Supervision.

Motivational interviewing is presented as an approach to address resistant behaviors in clinical supervision. A case example is used to illustrate the process in which the relational and technical elements of motivational interviewing can be applied to supervisee resistance. Implications for supervisors and researchers are discussed.
Longing for Transcendence: Cyborgs and Trans- and Posthumans

Technology is transforming the human body into a cyborg by making it a part of cyber networks. Transhumanists and posthumanists argue that technology will enable humans to overcome bodily limitatio...
Electron-impact ionization of the C atom

Time-dependent close-coupling (TDCC), $R$-matrix-with-pseudostates (RMPS), and time-independent distorted-wave (TIDW) methods are used to calculate electron-impact ionization cross sections for the carbon atom. The TDCC and RMPS results for the $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}2{p}^{2}$ ground configuration are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental measurements, while the TIDW results are $30%$ higher. Ionization of the $1{s}^{2}2s2{p}^{3}$ excited configuration is performed using the TDCC, RMPS, and TIDW methods. Ionization of the $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}2p3l$ ($l=0$--2) excited configurations is performed using the TDCC and TIDW methods. The ionization cross sections for the excited configurations are much larger than for the ground state. For example, the peak cross section for the $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}2p3p$ excited configuration is an order of magnitude larger than the peak cross section for the $1{s}^{2}2{s}^{2}2{p}^{2}$ ground configuration. The TDCC results are again found to be substantially lower than the TIDW results. The ionization cross-section results will permit the generation of more accurate, generalized collisional-radiative ionization coefficients needed for modeling moderately dense carbon plasmas.
Development and Delivery of an Online Graduate Certificate in Materials Characterization for Working Professionals

Within materials science and engineering industries there exists a need for continual professional development and lifelong learning. University materials science and engineering departments and materials related centers have highly qualified instructional faculty, and course management infrastructure that can be utilized to deliver needed continuing education to working professionals via distance learning. This work examines the development and first year delivery results of an online graduate certificate in modern materials characterization techniques for working scientists and engineers.
CRT-200.02 Safety of Routine Heparin-Only Rotablator Cocktail for Rotational Atherectomy

Rotational atherectomy therapy with the Rotablator system (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) has evolved over time. It was first introduced in the 1990s as a stand alone intervention for complex coronary artery disease. It would later become an adjunct to coronary stenting. As its role became
Effects of inspired O2 and CO2 on ventilatory responses to LBNP-release and acute head-down tilt.

Increases in blood flow and CO 2 return to the heart and lungs at the onset of exercise have been proposed to initiate reflexive feedback which increases ventilation (V E ), via mechanoreceptors in the heart and/ or intrapulmonary CO 2 flow receptors. Both lower body negative pressure (-40 mm Hg) release (LBNP-release) and acute head-down (-30°) tilt (TILT) provide physiological models to focus upon the effects of increased venous return and CO 2 flow on V E , without the confounding influence of limb afferents or the descending efferents associated with central command. We examined the ventilatory responses to LBNP-release and TILT while inhaling one of four gas mixtures: a) room air (R); b) 95% O 2 (O); c) 95% O 2 , 1.25% CO 2 (LC); and d) 95% O 2 , 2.25% CO 2 (HC). Breath-by-breath measurements for V E end-tidal CO 2 (PETCO 2 ), tidal volume (VT), and breathing frequency (f B ) were taken. V E and VT for HC were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for R, O, and LC throughout the test session, while f B and PETCO 2 were not significantly different among the gas treatments. V E increased (p < 0.05) above resting baseline with LBNP-release and TILT for R, O, LC, and HC primarily through an elevation of f B . Further, the maximal change in VE following LBNP-release or TILT were not different among inhaled gas mixtures. However, area under the V E curve following LBNP-release and TILT was higher for HC compared to the other gas mixtures. We conclude that these results are inconsistent with the theory that carotid bodies are essential in driving V E with these models. We postulate that mechanoreceptors in the right heart and/or pulmonary artery contribute to the elevation in VE which immediately follows LBNP-release and TILT.
Closing in on resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter

We perform an exhaustive scan of the allowed resonant production regime for sterile neutrino dark matter in order to improve constraints for dark matter structures which arise from the nonthermal sterile neutrino energy spectra. Small-scale structure constraints are particularly sensitive to large lepton asymmetries/small mixing angles which result in relatively warmer sterile neutrino momentum distributions. We revisit Milky Way galaxy subhalo count constraints and combine them with recent searches for x-ray emission from sterile neutrino decays. Together, they rule out models outside the mass range $7.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}\ensuremath{\le}{m}_{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}}\ensuremath{\le}36\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and lepton asymmetries smaller than $15\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ per unit entropy density at 95% confidence interval or greater. We also find that, while a portion of the parameter space remains unconstrained, the combination of subhalo counts and x-ray data indicates the candidate 3.55 keV x-ray line signal potentially originating from a 7.1 keV sterile neutrino decay to be disfavored at 93% confidence interval.
Multi-time scaling based modeling of transient electro-magnetic fields in vibrating media with antenna applications

This paper develops an accurate and efficient finite element model for simulating coupled transient electromagnetic and dynamic mechanical fields that differ widely in the frequency ranges. This coupled modeling framework is necessary for effective modeling and simulation of structures such as antennae that are governed by multi-physics problems operating in different frequency and temporal regimes. A key development is the wavelet transformation induced multi-time scaling or WATMUS method that is designed to overcome shortcomings of modeling coupled multi-physics problems that are governed by disparate frequencies. The WATMUS-based FE model is enhanced in this paper with a scaled and preconditioned Newton-GMRES solver for efficient solution. Results from the WATMUS-based FE model show the accuracy and highly improved computational efficiency in comparison with single time-scale methods. The coupled FE model is used to solve two different antenna problems with large electromagnetic to mechanical frequency ratios. The examples considered are a monopole antenna and a microstrip patch antenna. Comparing the electromagnetic fields with the progression of mechanical cycles demonstrate complex multi-physics relations in these applications.
Preventing shoulder surfing using randomized augmented reality keyboards

Shoulder surfing or adversarial eavesdropping to infer users' keystrokes on physical QWERTY keyboards continues to be a serious privacy threat. Despite this, practical and efficient countermeasures against such attacks are still lacking. In this paper, we propose keyboard randomization as a simple, yet effective, countermeasure against various types of keystroke inference attacks. Our proposal consists of several keyboard randomization strategies which randomizes or changes the position of keys on the keyboard. The randomized keyboard is then projected to the typing user by means of an augmented reality wearable device. As the randomized keyboard is visually superimposed over the actual physical keyboard, and is visible only to the typing user through the augmented reality device, it acts as an effective countermeasure against both side-channel and visual-channel based keystroke inference attacks. We implement our proposed solution on a commercially available augmented reality device and conduct preliminary evaluations to validate its performance and effectiveness.
Using Epigenetic Reprogramming to Treat Pediatric Brain Cancer

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Nagaraja et al. dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic responses to transcriptional disruptors in the fatal pediatric brain tumor, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Moreover, they identify super-enhancers mediating these effects, highlighting how normal brain developmental programs can be hijacked in cancer.
Abstract 87: The Impact of Coxsackievirus Infection on Cardiac Stem Cells and Postnatal Heart Development

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is an enterovirus that causes a self-limited febrile illness in infants, but can also cause myocarditis. Long-term consequences of mild CVB infection are unknown, although an association between heart failure and seropositive status has been previously described. We have shown that early postnatal exposure to doxorubicin depleted c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Cardiac dysfunction in adult mice only developed after exercise challenge, or experimentally-induced myocardial infarction. We now report that CSCs from neonatal mouse hearts were susceptible to cytopathic CVB infection. To learn if mild CVB infection might deplete the CSC population in the heart, we inoculated newborn BALB/c mice with a recombinant CVB expressing eGFP. We observed CVB-infected CSCs 2 days post-inoculation and documented a reduction in the number of c-Kit+ cells in the hearts of animals at 4 and 11 weeks of age despite the absence of detectable virus. Moreover, CVB infection induced differentiation in the surviving CSCs. These results indicate that CVB can infect CSCs in the neonatal heart and trigger their destruction. Premature differentiation of surviving cells may also explain the reduced CSC population in adult mice. Despite normal histologic features in adult hearts, prolonged exercise challenge elicited cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice infected with CVB as pups. We suggest that the loss of CSCs after mild neonatal CVB infection may predispose to late-onset heart failure.
Crazy for Caucusing: Media Use and Voter Opinions in the 2016 Iowa Caucus

The Iowa Caucus has been the first chance for voters to voice their choice for president since 1976, and every 4 years since the nation’s attention has turned to Iowa in the months leading up to the election. The campaigning in Iowa starts early, very early, and voters are inundated with news coverage, political advertising, and candidate visits. The winners of the Iowa Caucus may not always win the nomination, but losing in Iowa can end a campaign. Given that Iowa voters have such an important role in the nomination process, this essay examines their exposure to political news and opinions of the candidates leading up to caucus night. A state-wide phone survey of 12,000 Iowans conducted in November 2015 and January 2016 reveal gender and political party differences in where Iowans get their political news, and related differences in the leadership, honesty, and compassion leading candidates were perceived to be by Iowa Caucus–goers.
Balance Performance as Observed by Center-of-Pressure Parameter Characteristics in Male Soccer Athletes and Non-Athletes

Static balance has a relevant influence on athletic performance as well as on reducing the risk of injury. The main goal of this study was to assess soccer athlete versus non-athlete balance performance via displacement and velocity parameters extracted from the center-of-pressure (COP) position time series. In order to accomplish our goal, we investigated standing balance in two male groups with unimpaired balance: non-athletes (n = 12) and collegiate varsity soccer athletes (n = 12). In order to make the standing balancing task more or less difficult, we altered participant base-of-support, as well as vision, yielding static (quiet stance) test conditions increasing in difficulty. From the COP position time series, displacement and velocity parameters were computed and plotted as a function of increasing test condition difficulty level. COP parameters showed steeper increases with increased test difficulty in non-athletes compared to athletes; this demonstrated athletes’ better ability to control their balance. We concluded that balance performance could be characterized via COP displacement and velocity response curves. This study lends new insights into how COP parameters can be utilized to determine and characterize improvements in balance between un-impaired subject populations (athletes versus non-athletes).
A simple method for energy optimization to enhance durability of hybrid UAV power systems

More Electric Aircraft (MEA) promise many benefits (e.g., reduced weight, decreased fuel consumption, and high reliability), and their development continues to be the trend. Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an ideal prototype to implement concepts of electrification to aircraft due to their small size and the DC nature of their power systems. This paper proposes an energy optimization method to enhance the energy durability of a UAV. Compared to existing methods for hybrid electric platforms, e.g., ground electric vehicles and electric ships, the proposed method enhances accurate representation of load characteristics and high computation speed, which are critical for aerial vehicles. This is accomplished with a dynamic program containing an inner mixed-integer linear program and a detailed UAV simulation model containing physical circuitry characteristics, reflecting complex and nonlinear behavior within a real system. The efficacy of this method is validated on a realistic UAV system.
Increased Survival Time With SS-31 After Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in Rats.

Background Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death with a very high mortality rate. No therapeutic drug that can be administered during resuscitation has been reported. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to play an important role for the pathogenesis of cardiac arrest. SS-31, a tetra-peptide, has been shown to protect mitochondria from ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, we tested whether SS-31 improves rat survival after prolonged cardiac arrest. Methods Rats were randomised into two groups. After 25 minutes of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest, rats were resuscitated with or without SS-31 using cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation. Rat survival was followed for additional 4.5 hours using haemodynamic monitoring. The blood gas was analysed for surviving rats at multiple time points. Results and Conclusions After 5 hours, 5 of 10 rats survived in the SS-31 group whereas only 1 of 10 rats survived in the control group (p = 0.026). At 90 minutes after resuscitation, the blood lactate level in the SS-31 treated rats (4.29 ± 2.5 mmol/L) was significantly lower than in control rats (7.36 ± 3.1 mmol/L, p = 0.026), suggesting mitochondrial aerobic respiration was improved with SS-31 treatment. Overall, our data show the potential of SS-31 as a novel therapeutic in cardiac arrest.
39 Language and Speech Production from A Neuropsychological Perspective

Neuropsychologic analysis of the abnormalities of speech and language production in patients with cerebral lesions reveals clear dissociations between different processes. These dissociations are similar to ones predicted by linguistic theory, lending further support to the validity of linguistic theoretical constructs. Moreover, the specific relation of certain types of disruptions to certain areas or types of brain damage suggests that different processes are subserved by separable neuronal subsystems. Distinct disorders range from those involving purely phonological motor mechanisms (dysarthrias) through those involving syntactic processes (agrammatism), the semantic-lexical interface (anomia), and general semantic pre-verbal processes (some cases of dementia). In addition, disorders of the supralinguistic process of planning for speech intentions are seen in some other cases of dementia and in lesions of the frontal lobes. Parallelisms and divergencies between motor acts and speech production are briefly discussed.
Harnessing fungi to mitigate CH4 in natural and engineered systems

Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, and its emission rates vary among sources as a function of environment, microbial respiration, and feedbacks. Biological CH4 flux from natural and engineered systems is typically represented simply as generation of CH4 by methanogens minus oxidation by methanotrophs. In many cases, however, CH4 flux is modulated by transport and solubility mechanisms that occur before oxidation or other chemical transformation. The ability of fungi to directly oxidize CH4 remains unclear; however, their hydrophobic growths extending above microbial biofilms can improve surface area and sorption of hydrophobic gases. This can improve overall oxidation rates in a biofilm simply by improving phase transfer dynamics and bioavailability to bacterial or archaeal associates. This indirect facilitation is not necessarily intuitive, but there has been a recent emerging interest in harnessing these fungal abilities in engineering bioreactors and filtration systems designed to capture and oxidize CH4. These dynamics may be playing a similar facilitative role in natural CH4 oxidation, where fungi may indirectly influence carbon mineralization and methanogen/methanotroph communities, and/or directly oxidize and dissolve gaseous CH4. This review highlights these unique roles for fungi in determining net CH4 oxidation rates, and it summarizes the potential to harness fungi to mitigate CH4 emissions.
Fabrication of nanoporous single crystal mica templates for electrochemical deposition of nanowire arrays

Nanopores with lateral dimensions as small as 33 nm have been fabricated by nuclear track etching in 5 μm thick, single crystal mica wafers. The nanopores have a diamond shape with their axes aligned with the crystal axes of mica as a result of anisotropic etching. Nickel nanowire arrays with a constant volume fraction have been fabricated by electrodeposition into the nanopores. The magnetic properties of the nickel nanowire arrays in the mica templates are reported.