cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Possession identification in text

Just as industrialization matured from mass production to customization and personalization, so has the Web migrated from generic content to public disclosures of one’s most intimately held thoughts, opinions, and beliefs. This relatively new type of data is able to represent finer and more narrowly defined demographic slices. If until now researchers have primarily focused on leveraging personalized content to identify latent information such as gender, nationality, location, or age, this article seeks to establish a structured way of extracting possessions, or items that people own or are entitled to, as a way to ultimately provide insights into people’s behaviors and characteristics. We introduce the new task of ‘possession identification in text’, and release a novel dataset where possessions are marked at different confidence levels. We present experiments and results obtained when seeking to automatically identify and extract possessions from the text.
A High-Resolution Finite Difference Simulator for 3D Unsaturated Flow in Heterogeneous Media

Abstract The nonlinear equation of three-dimensional unsaturated flow is solved by a finite difference method for large single realizations of random field coefficients, based on a stochastic approach of field heterogeneity. The most difficult case considered for solution is a transient strip-source infiltration in a large domain discretized into 300.000 grid points, with a spatially random unsaturated conductivity curve. Numerical issues are briefly discussed, along with simulation results.
INHOMOGENEITIES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE CUPRATES

Thermodynamic and transport measurements display an unconventional behavior of HC2. One can observe a diamagnetic response in inhomogenous overdoped sample.
Stability of randomly packed beds of fuel spheres

The Settled Bed Fast Reactor (SBFR) concept features a packed bed of fuel, directly cooled with sodium, which must be highly resistant to consolidation during power operation in order to avoid reactivity excursions resulting from sudden increases in bed solid fraction. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to determine bed stability. In the experimental program, the stability of the packed fuel bed was considered acceptable if a 12-g lateral shock produces a change in bed solid fraction of less than 0.002 (e.g., from 0.630 to 0.632), equivalent to a 10¢ reactivity change. The experimental results show that beds settled from fluidization can be remotely compacted to exhibit 1/6 of this change when shock tested. The particle interlocking effect of simulated coolant downflow gives a substantial extra measure of stability. (auth)
Crash Analysis of Structures Consisting of Thin-Walled Metal Components

This paper presents a crash modeling of thin-walled metal components whose crash characteristics are controlled by local buckling. The force-deformation relationship of such components can be, generally, divided into three parts: linear, post buckling and deep-collapse. The buckling stress determines the linear limit and the crippling stress determines the maximum load capacity from where the components undergo deep-collapse. During the post buckling the effective area concept is used to calcluate element stiffness. During the deep-collapse “crash-type” hinges are formed and the elements undergo inelastic folding. The element stiffness depends on the fold shape and mode. This concept is incorporated into the computer program “VCRASH” for the crash analysis of general three-dimensional thin-walled structures. The analytical results show a good agreement with test data.
Dictator’s Instagram: personal and political narratives in a Chechen leader’s social network

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to explore how social networks, Instagram in particular, can be utilized by an autocrat in order to construct and promote the image of a charismatic leader. To ...
A phase II trial of olaparib and durvalumab in metastatic BRCA wild type triple-negative breast cancer.

TPS1111Background: There is an urgent need to develop novel non chemotherapy treatments for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) patients who otherwise have a poor prognosis. Immune che...
A Sybil-Resistant Truth Discovery Framework for Mobile Crowdsensing

The rapid proliferation of sensor-embedded devices has enabled the mobile crowdsensing (MCS), a new paradigm which effectively collects sensing data from pervasive users. In order to identify the true information from the noisy data submitted by unreliable users, truth discovery algorithms have been proposed for the MCS systems to aggregate data. However, the power of truth discovery algorithms will be undermined by the Sybil attack, in which an attacker can benefit from using multiple accounts. In addition, an MCS system will be jeopardized unless it is resistant to the Sybil attack. In this paper, we proposed a Sybil-resistant truth discovery framework for MCS, which ensures high accuracy under the Sybil attack. To diminish the impact of the Sybil attack, we design three account grouping methods for the framework, which are used in pair with a truth discovery algorithm. We evaluate the proposed framework through a real-world experiment. The results show that existing truth discovery algorithms are vulnerable to the Sybil attack, and the proposed framework can effectively diminish the impact of the Sybil attack.
Artistas contra el museo. Breve recorrido por la crítica institucional estadounidense entre las décadas de los sesenta y noventa

espanolEste articulo plantea un recorrido por algunas de las practicas artisticas que desde la decada de los sesenta hasta los noventa se alzaron contra el discurso unico planteado por el museo, las exclusiones de ciertos colectivos artisticos generadas por ese discurso, sus organos de gobierno y estructura, los limites conceptuales de sus programas curatoriales y sus conexiones con el poder politico. A traves de distintos apartados se consideran algunas de las alternativas propuestas por artistas (tanto dentro como fuera del museo) frente a la mercantilizacion de las obras, asi como las protestas y demandas de los artistas y criticos que han contribuido a que el museo sea hoy un lugar mas democratico. EnglishThis essay proposes a review of some of the artistic expressions that revolted against the normative discourse of the museum from the sixties to the nineties. It considers the exclusions of certain artistic collectives in the museum, its organs of government and structure, the conceptual limits of their curatorial programs, and their connections with political power. Different sections consider some alternative artistic proposals created by artists (both inside and outside the museum), against the commercialization of art, which, together with the protests and demands of some artists and critics have contributed to make of the museum a more democratic place today.
Homo Duplex: the two origins of man in Rousseau’s Second Discourse

A division in scholarship on Rousseau’s Second Discourse turns on the issue of division itself. Some see Rousseau’s natural man collapsing the division between man and beast through suggesting that...
Epigenetic memory as a time integral over prior history of Polycomb phase separation

ABSTRACT Structural organization of the genome into transcriptionally active euchromatin and silenced heterochromatin is essential for eukaryotic cell function. Heterochromatin is a more compact form of chromatin, and is associated with characteristic post-translational histone modifications and chromatin binding proteins. Phase-separation has recently been suggested as a mechanism for heterochromatin formation, through condensation of heterochromatin associated proteins. However, it is unclear how phase-separated condensates can contribute to stable and robust repression, particularly for heritable epigenetic changes. The Polycomb complex PRC1 is known to be key for heterochromatin formation, but the multitude of Polycomb proteins has hindered our understanding of their collective contribution to chromatin repression. Here, we take a quantitative live cell imaging approach to show that PRC1 proteins form multicomponent condensates through hetero-oligomerization. They preferentially seed at H3K27me3 marks, and subsequently write H2AK119Ub marks. Using optogenetics to nucleate local Polycomb condensates, we show that Polycomb phase separation can induce chromatin compaction, but phase separation is dispensable for maintenance of the compacted state. Our data are consistent with a model in which the time integral of historical Polycomb phase separation is progressively recorded in repressive histone marks, which subsequently drive chromatin compaction. These findings link the equilibrium thermodynamics of phase separation with the fundamentally non-equilibrium concept of epigenetic memory.
The One-Way Error Component Regression Model

This chapter studies the two-way error component regression model which controls for individual as well as time effects. This includes the fixed and random effects specification. It also discusses maximum likelihood estimation under normality and best linear unbiased prediction. It illustrates these methods with three empirical examples. The first is an investment equation using panel data on firms. The second is a gasoline demand equation using panel data of OECD countries. The third example estimates the productivity of public capital in the private sector using panel data on 48 contiguous states. These are illustrated using Stata and EViews.
Role of Radiological Assessment and Intervention in Pediatric Dialysis

Children on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis frequently need radiological assessment of dialysis access placement and patency. In many cases, radiological interventions can assist with the creation and maintenance of dialysis access. For these purposes, contrast media facilitate the interpretation of medical imaging by increasing the differences seen between body tissues displayed on the images. The contrast media used in diagnostic imaging and interventions have evolved over the decades. This chapter discusses the different roles that radiologic assessment and interventions, via contrast agents, play in dialysis, along with the current challenges.
Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection: Impact of sex, race/ethnicity and vaccination status.

Background Prior studies have demonstrated differences by sex and race/ethnicity in oral HPV prevalence. This study examined the impact of vaccination on these disparities. Methods We examined participants 18-59 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011-16 who reported their HPV vaccination status and submitted an adequate oral sample (N=9,437). Oral prevalence of HPV, grouped by any, low risk, high risk, 4vHPV, 9vHPV, and non-vaccine types, was examined by sex, race/ethnicity and vaccination status. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by vaccination status. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results The prevalence of any type, non-vaccine type, low-risk, high-risk, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV types was higher among males than females, even among vaccinated participants. Examination of racial/ethnic differences demonstrated differences in all HPV groups among unvaccinated males and among low-risk types in females. In all but the 2 vaccine-type groups, the prevalence of oral HPV was notably higher among black males compared to other groups. Significant differences were not observed by race/ethnicity among vaccinated males or females. Conclusion Males tested positive for oral HPV more frequently than females, even among those vaccinated. This may have resulted from a lower frequency of males being vaccinated before initiating oral sex than females. Vaccination of males at the recommended age, therefore, may decrease differences in oral HPV by sex. Racial/ethnic differences were observed only in unvaccinated individuals, suggesting these disparities will decrease as more individuals are vaccinated.
Cognitive predictors of consumers' intention to comply with social marketing email appeals

We explore the role of five cognitive factors in consumers' evaluation of social marketing email.Message involvement and perceived effort are strong predictors of receivers' intention to comply.Benefit goals and trusting beliefs are also significant predictors; cost goals is not significant.Consumers evaluate social marketing email based on multiple, diverse cognitive factors. Email is used increasingly by social marketers to appeal to consumers, however, relatively little is known regarding the cognitive processes which lead consumers to comply with actions that marketers request in email messages. This exploratory study tests the direct effects of five cognitive factors that characterize the message receiver on intention to comply with an email appeal. These cognitive factors are benefit goals and cost goals related to the message, trusting beliefs in the message sender, involvement with the message, and perceived effort of complying with the appeal. We find four of the five factors are significant predictors of intention to comply, jointly explaining 70% of variance in this measure.
Salvadoran Consumption of Ethnic Foods in the United States

The U.S. Salvadoran population is the largest group of Central and South American people living in the United States today. This study investigates the U.S. market for thirty Salvadoran foods and the demographic characteristics and attitudes of Salvadorans toward these foods. Original data were obtained from a survey conducted through personal interviews of Salvadoran residents of Los Angeles, California and Houston, Texas. Salvadorans surveyed were predominantly low income, without a high school degree, and living in large families. The Salvadoran foods consumed by most respondents were tortilla flour, red beans, loroco (a vegetable), semita (a sweet bread), queso duro (a hard cheese) and horchata (a cold drink). Four groups of households were determined by using cluster analysis. The results indicate that a potential market exists in the United States for most of the Salvadoran products included in this study, and that Salvadorans would like to buy other foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Parametric Statistical Tests

Parametric statistical tests, as opposed to nonparametric or distribution-free tests, are based on various assumptions regarding the characteristics, properties, and forms of the distributions of populations from which the data are drawn. A large number of statistical tests are included among the parametric tests, primarily hypothesis testing procedures derived from the general linear model. These include both univariate and multivariate statistical tests: the t test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (including repeated measures), Pearson product-moment correlation, simple and multiple regression (and variants including logistic regression), Hotelling's T2, discriminant function analysis, canonical correlation, and multivariate set correlation. Keywords: confidence interval; nonparametric statistical tests; probability; significance testing; statistics in psychology; analysis of variance; correlation
Grid-free particle simulation of a 1D bounded plasma coupled to an external driving circuit

Summary form only given. In this work we consider the extension of a grid-free field solver to the problem of particle transport in a bounded system with an external driving circuit. The field solver is based on a treecode (TC) algorithm, which is a grid-free O(NlogN) method for computing long range interactions. The efficiency of the method comes from replacing particle-particle interactions by particle-cluster interactions, where particles at a distance are treated by a multipole expansion about the center of the cluster. In our preliminary work, we explored the application of the TC field solver to the problem of virtual cathode formation in 1D planar geometry and compared the results to those of both direct summation (DS) and particle-in-cell methods (PIC). The results for the DS and TC simulations agreed to within machine precision while the PIC simulation exhibited numerical artifacts of the mesh. The TC was also extended to 2D bounded domains using a boundary integral method and was applied to the simulation of charged particle dynamics in a Penning-Malmberg trap. The two cases considered were the merger of two clusters of particles and the instability of a ring. In the current work we extend the 1D TC model to include the effect of an external driving circuit, and in addition the algorithm is modified to handle 1D cylindrical and spherical geometries as in. The method is compared with both 1D DS and PIC simulations for planar, cylindrical and spherical configurations. The boundary conditions for the external circuit are coupled to the field solver using Gauss' law in a similar way to the work in reference. The TC, DS and PIC algorithms are applied to various 1D problems and will be compared on the basis of efficiency and accuracy.
The Library: Big Data’s Boomtown

Since 2012, nearly every sector has developed a fascination with the seemingly new discovery of Big Data and its unprecedented capabilities to fuel analytic breakthroughs. It is clear that the use of Big Data as an information resource will continue to become more prevalent as it is employed in academic research and data-driven decision making, and even emerges as a vehicle for government transparency. This article reviews the emergence and potentials of Big Data, describes the policies fueling the current data surge, and discusses the impact on libraries. As libraries evolve to provide more data services, there is an opportunity for librarians to become experts and authorities in the data age.
High performance declarative memory systems through MapReduce

This paper describes the acceleration of the declarative knowledge retrieval system of a cognitive architecture, namely ACT-R. The core of ACT-R's retrieval mechanism, activation calculation, is accelerated through leveraging the speed of C++ and the MapReduce program model. Work described in this paper represents an extension of previous Erlang-based concurrent activation. ACT-R's retrieval process is re-examined and optimized in this solution. Concurrency available in the execution platform is exploited to maximize the acceleration of declarative retrieval. The resulting implementation, referred to as Accelerated Declarative Memory (ADM), presents a highperformance activation calculation that enables practical use of more massive declarative memories. ADM presents new mechanisms to access and traverse declarative memory to reduce the overhead of executing retrievals. This solution offers retrieval latencies 20 times faster than the previous Erlang solution.
A Case for Theory-Driven Experimental Enquiry

We argue that finance theorists and practitioners need to examine the reasons behind a seeming anomaly. The behavioral anomalies in the finance literature can be classified as price and return effects, volume and volatility effects, time-series patterns, and miscellaneous effects. For each category, the empirical literature offers a multitude of explanations. Our main thesis is that theory-driven experimental analysis will allow clarification among competing explanations and should complement existing empirical paradigms. We present a theoretical information-processing framework for examining the psychology of financial decision making. The framework comprises both cognitive and motivational antecedents of bias in financial decision making and provides a grounding for many behavioral anomalies noted in the literature. To illustrate use of the model, we examine financial decision-making biases in the choice between underpriced (value) and overpriced (glamour) stocks.
The Accounting Standard-Setting Due Process, Corporate Consensus, and FASB Responsiveness: Employers' Accounting for Pensions:

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) uses a due process to ascertain the views of its constituents and to build consensus while setting standards based on a sound conceptual framework. This study examines the responsiveness of the FASB and its success in building consensus among corporations in the due process on Employers' Accounting for Pensions. The findings indicate that the FASB is influenced by the number of opposing comments filed by its corporate constituents. Further, there is evidence that consensus was built throughout the due process for the highly controversial standard.
Economic Development: Evidence from Directed Acyclic Graphs

We use directed acyclic graphs to study post-1970 cross-section data from 79 world economies and a subset of 59 less developed economies. Openness to trade, government savings and natural resource exports are direct causes of GDP growth rate. Openness to trade and government savings contribute positively and natural resource exports contributes negatively to growth rate in GDP. An institutional quality index, agricultural productivity, life expectancy, initial GDP and a tropical climate dummy are related to but are not direct causes of GDP growth rate in one or more versions of the models uncovered. Implications on modeling are explored.
The Direct-and Quadrature-Axis Equivalent Circuits of the Synchronous Machine

THE EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT method of analysis is a tool of unquestioned competence in the solution of machine and system problems involving a number of simultaneous equations. Its efficacy in obtaining practical results has been demonstrated in many diverse applications. In particular, the complete equivalent circuit of the synchronous machine — complete in the sense that the field-winding circuit and the multiple damper-winding circuits are individually included — is used whenever a detailed knowledge is needed of the operation of all the rotor circuits. Specific examples of its use are in the design of the damper-winding circuits, in problems involving single-phase and asynchronous operation, in the determination of damping and synchronizing torque, and in the determination of the transient and subtransient impedances; these few by no means exhaust the list.
Racial Disproportionality in Juvenile Justice: The Interaction of Race and Geography in Pretrial Detention for Violent and Serious Offenses

Youth of color, particularly black youth, are overrepresented at every stage of processing in the juvenile justice system. This paper presents an analysis of racial differentials at an early stage—pretrial detention among youth charged with violent and serious offenses. It contributes to work in this area by exploring police decision making, which has been understudied in comparison with decision making by court actors. Contrary to prior studies suggesting that race differences in police treatment are found primarily in the handling of youth suspected of minor offenses, we find that black youth are three times as likely as white youth to be detained, controlling for other demographic and legal factors, including offense type and severity. This paper also contributes to efforts to understand how racial disproportionality occurs, by including an analysis of how geography affects detention decisions differentially by race. Using data from an urban county in Michigan, we find that geography and race interact, such that white youth from the suburbs are much less likely to be detained than white youth from the city and black youth from the city or suburbs.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Isoxazole and Isoxazoline-carboxamides via [2+3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using Resin-bound Alkynes or Alkenes.

Abstract An efficient approach for the parallel solid phase synthesis of isoxazole and isoxazoline derivatives has been developed. The isoxazoles and isoxazolines were constructed through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides, with resin-bound alkynes or alkenes. The cycloaddition reaction conditions performed on solid phase supports was optimized, and an array of resin-bound carboxylic acid building blocks was utilized for distinct conversions. This methodology presents a new alternative to the diversity oriented synthesis of disubstituted isoxazoles and isoxazolines different from existing routes which are limited in structural diversity.
Registration of Mp718 and Mp719 Germplasm Lines of Maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm lines Mp718 (Reg. No. GP-581, PI 662045) and Mp719 (Reg. No. GP-582, PI 662046) were developed and released by USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, as sources of resistance to afl atoxin accumulation. Afl atoxin is a potent carcinogen produced by the fungus Aspergillus fl avus Link: Fries and occurs naturally in maize. Mp718 and Mp719 were developed from a cross between Mp715 (PI 614819), a line selected from 'Tuxpan' for resistance to afl atoxin accumulation, and Va35 (PI 587150), a nonstiff stalk line. These lines were evaluated for resistance to afl atoxin accumulation in a series of eight experiments conducted in Mississippi from 2004 through 2010. Neither Mp718 nor Mp719 differed from Mp715, their resistant parent, in afl atoxin accumulation, but both lines reached midsilk 13 d earlier and sustained less lodging than Mp715. Both Mp718, designated as Mp04:96 during development, and Mp719, designated as Mp04:97, exhibited excellent levels of resistance to afl atoxin accumulation in crosses with NC388. The level of resistance to afl atoxin accumulation exhibited by Mp718 and Mp719, as both germplasm lines or in single crosses, indicates that they should be reliable sources of resistance for maize breeding programs.
A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Scleral Grafting for Exposed or Extruded Orbital Implants

We conducted a long-term follow-up study of 20 patients whose exposed or extruded orbital implants had been replaced or salvaged with scleral grafts. We judged 11 cases to be successes and six failures. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Among the failures were three orbits that had received radiation therapy for retinoblastoma. They could not retain an orbital implant despite several scleral grafts.
Vapor—Solid Interactions and the Effusion Oven. I. The Total Effusion Current through a Cylindrical Orifice

Until recently, all treatments of molecular flow in and from an effusion cell have been based upon the ``diffuse reflection'' vapor—solid collision model of Clausing. Winterbottom and Hirth have pointed out the inadequacy of a collision process that assumes the diffuse emission of an impingent vapor molecule from the point of its incidence and have treated the oven with a more realistic collision process that assumes the adsorption of the vapor molecule following a surface collision. The treatment presented here modifies the model developed by Winterbottom and Hirth to include the influence of the mobility of the adpopulation on the inside walls of the oven. The results of the analysis of the total effusion current from a cylindrical orifice agree qualitatively with those of the earlier treatment in predicting an appreciable surface‐diffusion contribution for certain orifice geometries when the vapor—solid interactions are typical of chemisorption. Quantitatively, however, the analysis deviates significan...
Generalized controllability and inertia theory. II

Abstract In a paper of the same title, Carlson and Hill [2] established results in inertia theory and controllability for a large class of linear transformations on the space of n × n hermitian matrices. Extensions of some of those results and some generalizations of theorems of Wimmer [12] and of Carlson and Loewy [3] are given here.
EFFECTS OF WATER‐BORNE MIREX ON THE SURVIVAL AND PRODUCTION OF Macrobrachium rosenbergii (DE MAN)1

Post-larval Macrobrachium rosenbergii (11–30 nun total length) were exposed to mirex in water for 24 and 96 hours under static laboratory conditions. A LC50 value of 104 μg/liter was determined by probit analysis for prawns exposed for 24 hours, transferred to uncontaminated water, and observed for 72 hours. Prawns exposed for 96 hours at lower concentrations (100, 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/liter) had higher survival with the greatest mortality occurring at 100 μg/liter. One hundred prawns were individually exposed to 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/liter for 96 hours, transferred to uncontaminated water and observed for an additional 24 days. No significant difference was found in number of molts, percent gain in length and weight, feeding or activity among concentrations (including control). However, those prawns exposed to the highest concentration molted fewer times. Also, a greater number of molt failures were observed with treatment animals, most occurring during the exposure period. The molt interval increased linearly with mirex concentration. Prawns in the control had significantly (P<0.05) shorter molt intervals than prawns exposed to 10 and 100 pg/liter. Consequently a loss in potential production (wet weight) over 28 days would be expected and the calculated percent gain in the control was 1.70 and 2.24 times that of the 10 and 100 μg/liter treatments.
Tillage and Rotation Effects on Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer Nitrogen on Aqualf Soils

Fertilizer N recommendations are often increased for no-till corn (Zea mays L.) relative to conventionally tilled corn. A comparison of relative yield responses to fertilizer N is lacking for continuous corn and corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when grown with conventional and no-tillage systems on poorly drained claypan soils. Field studies spanning 5 site-years were conducted on somewhat poorly (Udollic Ochraqualf) and poorly (Mollic AIbaqualf) drained claypan soils in central and northeast Missouri. The experimental design was a split-split plot, where whole plots were tillage system (chisel-disk and no-till) and subplots were rotation (continuous corn and corn following soybean). Subsubplots were N rates of 0, 67, 135, 202, and 269 kg ha⁻¹, applied preplant as either anhydrous NH₃ (82-0-0 N-P-K) or knife-injected urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (32-0-0). Corn grain yield response to fertilizer N was described by quadratic and quadraticplateau models that had similar R² values. With continuous corn, both models predicted no-till to require 14 to 17 kg ha⁻¹ (5–7%) less fertilizer N for maximum yield and profit than the chisel-disk system. The predicted maximum no-till grain yield was 0.34 Mg ha⁻¹ less than the chisel-disk system. No-till corn following soybean required an average additional 17 kg N ha⁻¹ (8%) for maximum yield (quadratic model) and 45 kg N ha⁻¹ (35%) for maximum profit (quadratic-plateau) than the chisel-disk system. The average maximum yield for no-till corn following soybean was 0.20 Mg ha⁻¹ less than the chisel-disk system. Apparent N credit for corn following soybean varied from 0 to 159 kg ha⁻¹. With the quadratic model, the average N credit was 54 kg ha⁻¹ for the chisel-disk system and 24 kg ha⁻¹ for no-till. Decreased no-till corn yields that required equal or greater fertilizer N indicate at least a short-term economic disadvantage for this tillage system on these poorly drained soils. Contribution from the Missouri Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series no. 12077
Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid fluxes in Santa Barbara Basin (CA) from 1993 to 2008

Abstract Blooms of domoic acid (DA) producing Pseudo-nitzschia, regularly occur off the coast of California. Although it has been hypothesized that these blooms are increasing in frequency, the lack of historical records limits our understanding of potential causal mechanisms. In this study, an 15-year time-series (1993–2008) of sediment trap samples collected from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) at 540 m were analyzed for Pseudo-nitzschia (n = 196, microscopy and SEM) and DA (n = 206, LC–MS/MS) concentrations and fluxes. Results suggest that there was an abrupt shift towards greater frequency and higher magnitude Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and toxic DA flux events in the SBB after the year 2000. SEM analysis of sediment trap material indicates that these events were mainly blooms of P. australis, with cell fluxes increasing by an order of magnitude from a maximum of 4.5 × 106 cells m−2 d−1 pre-2000, to as high as 3.2 × 108 cells m−2 d−1 thereafter. Similarly, sediment trap DA fluxes increased by an average of 13.4 μg m−2 d−1, with only one large event (>5 μg m−2 d−1) from 1993 to 1999 versus 16 large DA events from 2000 to 2008. While the causes of this abrupt shift remain ambiguous, we suggest that this shift may be related to natural climate variability associated with a change in phase of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and its potential influence on the composition and magnitude of waters that are upwelled into the SBB.
Myeloproliferative disorders in portal vein thrombosis in adults

In a prospective study of 33 adults with portal vein thrombosis unrelated to a liver tumor, we have assessed the prevalence of primary myeloproliferative disorders using conventional criteria and cultures of bone marrow progenitor cells. A primary myeloproliferative disorder was documented in 14 patients investigated at the time of recognition of portal vein thrombosis. Among these 14 patients, the main clue to the presence of the myeloproliferative disorder was (a) the observation of suggestive abnormalities of peripheral blood cell counts in 4 patients; (b) characteristic findings at bone marrow biopsy or determination of total red cell volume in 3 patients; and (c) formation of “spontaneous” erythroid colonies in cultures of bone marrow progenitor cells in erythro-poietin-poor medium in 7 patients. In 2 other patients, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelosclerosis of apparently recent onset developed 5 yr after recognition of portal vein thrombosis. In conclusion, primary myeloproliferative disorders–-in a full-blown or latent form, or at an early stage–-are a major cause of portal vein thrombosis.
Mixed ligand complexes—I. (Amino acidato)ethylenedibiguanidecobalt (III) salts

Abstract (Amino acidato)dibiguanidecobalt(III) salts of the type [Co(AB)en(bigH) 2 ] 2+ have been prepared and characterized (ABH = DL -α-alanine, β-alanine, L -leucine, DL -valine and L -histidine; en(bigH) 2 = N 1 ,N 1 -ethylenedibiguanide). A number of salts of each cation have been prepared, and their ionic nature has been confirmed by conductance measurements. IR spectra have furnished positive information regarding the bonding sites of the title ligands. Electronic spectra revealed expected trends. In the case of the [Co(hist)en(bigH) 2 ] 2+ cation, the histidinate (hist) anion behaves as a bidentate NN donor not as an NO donor.
Upper level technical orientation and first level leadership within a noncontingency and contingency framework.

When direct relationships were examined between first level manager consideration and work group criteria in three state mental institutions, there were significant findings. Similar tests for init...
Influence of Environment on Brittle Fracture of Silica

The fracture strength of fused silica rods was determined in vacuum and in the saturated vapors of water, ethyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, undried benzene with “less than 0.02% water,” and dried benzene. The relation between the lowering of the fracture strength of the fused silica caused by the vapor and the corresponding decrease in surface free energy of quartz was found to be consistent with the Griffith theory of brittle fracture.
Viscoelastic shear properties of human vocal fold mucosa: measurement methodology and empirical results.

A standard method for the empirical rheological characterization of viscoelastic materials was adopted to measure the viscoelastic shear properties of human vocal-fold mucosal tissues (the superficial layer of lamina propria). A parallel-plate rotational rheometer was employed to measure shear deformation of viscoelastic tissue samples, which were deformed between two rigid circular plates rotating in small-amplitude sinusoidal oscillations. Elastic and viscous shear moduli of the samples were then quantified as a function of oscillation frequency (0.01 to 15 Hz) based on shear stresses and strains recorded by the rheometer. Data were obtained from 15 excised human larynges (10 male and 5 female). Results showed that the elastic shear modulus μ and the damping ratio ζ of human vocal-fold mucosa were relatively constant across the range of frequencies observed, while the dynamic viscosity η decreased monotonically with frequency (i.e., shear thinning). Intersubject differences in μ and η as large as an ord...
A Non-Invasive Technique for Detecting Stress Waves in Bone Using the Piezoelectric Effect

A stress wave propagating in a long bone is accompanied by a traveling electrical charge generated as a result of the piezoelectric character of bone. An electromagnetic device has been developed which can detect the magnetic fields associated with this charge and which is capable of monitoring stress waves in bone in vivo. The field measurement is independent of the mechanical properties of the soft tissue overlying the bone, so that difficulties previously encountered with vibration and wave propagation tests to determine in vivo properties of bone are avoided. Applications to the diagnosis of bone disorders are discussed.
Adherence to a home-walking prescription in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background We know little about long-term exercise behavior and adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Purpose The study’s purpose was (1) to describe exercise behavior and adherence to a home-walking exercise prescription over 12 months in a sample of patients with COPD; and (2) to validate categories of exercise adherence over time in this population. Design This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Subjects A total of 103 participants with COPD who were randomly assigned to one of three versions of a dyspnea self-management program participated. Measures The components of exercise frequency, duration, and intensity were measured by exercise/dyspnea daily logs, and participants were classified into categories on the basis of their pattern of exercise adherence over the year. Results Participants walked an average of 3 days per week initially, with a decline to 2.5 days per week over the year. On average, participants walked longer than the prescribed duration of 20 minutes per session. Dyspnea intensity at the end of the walk tended to remain stable at a mean level of 4 over the year. Classification by adherence category distinguished differences in 6-minute walk distance, endurance treadmill test time, Short Form-36 physical function, and Short Form-36 mental health, with endurance treadmill test time and physical function improvements mirroring increases in exercise adherence, and mental health highest among occasional lapse and lowest among relapser and recycle categories. Conclusions This investigation provides a description of long-term exercise behavior and adherence in a sample of patients with COPD. The categories suggest that physical benefits are related to consistent adherence, whereas mental health improvements are related to regular exercise with some flexibility in the schedule. Future research should test interventions to improve exercise adherence in patients with COPD and identify characteristics of patients who are most likely and least likely to adhere over time.
Recognition of depression and anxiety by primary physicians.

Abstract Ninety-five patients completed rating scales for anxiety and depression prior to their first visit to a primary care physician. Test scores were provided selectively to the physicians, and the medical charts were checked later for entries relating to anxiety or depression. Two thirds of the patients scored in the abnormal range on at least one scale. Physicians noted depression on charts at appropriate levels (27% of patients), but anxiety was much less frequently noted (9%). Chart notations (primarily of depression) were much more common for patients scoring high in both anxiety and depression. Informing physicians of either anxiety or depression scores did not change their rate of recognition of these problems. However, those informed of scores on both rating scales made substantially fewer chart notations.
PRIMORDIAL TRANSPORT OF SUGARS AND AMINO ACIDS VIA SCHIFF BASES

Experimental support is given for a model concerning the origin of a primordial transport system. The model is based on the facilitated diffusion of amino acids stimulated by aliphatic aldehyde carriers and sugars stimulated by aliphatic amine carriers. The lipid-soluble diffusing species is the Schiff base. The possible role of this simple transport system in the origin of an early protocell is discussed.
Isolated avulsion of the popliteus tendon: A case report

We have reported a rare case of an isolated avulsion of the popliteus tendon. In this case the avulsed tendon was associated with a large osteochondral fragment that was easily relocated and fixed anatomically. We believe that the popliteus tendon is important to the mechanics of the knee. We would recommend the treatment as presented in this case should one of these rare cases be encountered.
THE EFFECT OF FLOOD DIURESIS ON HEMOGLOBINURIA

Flood diuresis so far lowers the renal threshold for hemoglobin that the pigment appears in quantity in the urine as result of a hemoglobinemia insufficient under ordinary circumstances to lead to the elimination of even a trace of it. In pathological conditions that involve blood destruction hemoglobin probably passes into the tubules much more often than it reaches the urine, being prevented therefrom by the resorptive activity of the tubular epithelium.
The anomaly of silicon in plant biology.

Abstract Silicon is the second most abundant element in soils, the mineral substrate for most of the world's plant life. The soil water, or the "soil solution," contains silicon, mainly as silicic acid, H4SiO4, at 0.1-0.6 mM--concentrations on the order of those of potassium, calcium, and other major plant nutrients, and well in excess of those of phosphate. Silicon is readily absorbed so that terrestrial plants contain it in appreciable concentrations, ranging from a fraction of 1% of the dry matter to several percent, and in some plants to 10% or even higher. In spite of this prominence of silicon as a mineral constituent of plants, it is not counted among the elements defined as "essential," or nutrients, for any terrestrial higher plants except members of the Equisitaceae. For that reason it is not included in the formulation of any of the commonly used nutrient solutions. The plant physiologist's solution-cultured plants are thus anomalous, containing only what silicon is derived as a contaminant of their environment. Ample evidence is presented that silicon, when readily available to plants, plays a large role in their growth, mineral nutrition, mechanical strength, and resistance to fungal diseases, herbivory, and adverse chemical conditions of the medium. Plants grown in conventional nutrient solutions are thus to an extent experimental artifacts. Omission of silicon from solution cultures may lead to distorted results in experiments on inorganic plant nutrition, growth and development, and responses to environmental stress.
RETURNS ON HIGH‐QUALITY AND LOW‐QUALITY PREFERRED STOCKS IN PERIODS OF COMMON‐STOCK DIVIDEND REDUCTIONS

This study compares the pre-event return behavior of low-quality and high-quality nonconvertible preferred stocks in periods of common-stock dividend reductions. Using the single-index model to compute abnormal returns, the cumulative average residuals of low-quality preferred stocks are significantly negative while those of the high-quality group show a small, positive drift over the 12-month period preceding the announcement month.
Abuse and dependence on prescription opioids in adults: a mixture categorical and dimensional approach to diagnostic classification

BackgroundFor the emerging DSM-V, it has been recommended that dimensional and categorical methods be used simultaneously in diagnostic classification; however, little is known about this combined approach for abuse and dependence.MethodUsing data (n=37 708) from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), DSM-IV criteria for prescription opioid abuse and dependence among non-prescribed opioid users (n=3037) were examined using factor analysis (FA), latent class analysis (LCA, categorical), item response theory (IRT, dimensional), and factor mixture (hybrid) approaches.ResultsA two-class factor mixture model (FMM) combining features of categorical latent classes and dimensional IRT estimates empirically fitted more parsimoniously to abuse and dependence criteria data than models from FA, LCA and IRT procedures respectively. This mixture model included a severely affected group (7%) with a comparatively moderate to high probability (0.32−0.88) of endorsing all abuse and dependence criteria items, and a less severely affected group (93%) with a low probability (0.003−0.16) of endorsing all criteria. The two empirically defined groups differed significantly in the pattern of non-prescribed opioid use, co-morbid major depression, and substance abuse treatment use.ConclusionsA factor mixture model integrating categorical and dimensional features of classification fits better to DSM-IV criteria for prescription opioid abuse and dependence in adults than a categorical or dimensional approach. Research is needed to examine the utility of this mixture classification for substance use disorders and treatment response.
Excitation of marginal and substantia gelatinosa neurons in the primate spinal cord: indications of their place in dorsal horn functional organization.

Elecrophysiological recordings were made from superficial parts of the spinal dorsal horn in monkeys, using dye-filled micropipette electrodes to permit iontophoretic marking of the recording sites for subsequent histological recovery. Focal field potentials and unitary activity evoked by dorsal root volleys including slowly-conducting components (both myelinated and unmyelinated) were found in the posteromarginal zone and the substantia gelatinosa (SG). Unitary potentials identified as being of the type recorded from cellular regions wee separated into categories according to which groups of slowly-conducting fibers and which kinds of cutaneous stimulation evoked the discharge. Recording locations for units exicted by volleys in myelinated fibers conducting under 35 m/sec, by the types of skin stimulation activating either highthreshold mechanoreceptors (nociceptos) or cooling thermoreceptors, and giving no evidence of suprathreshold C-fiber excitation were centered on the posteromarginal zone. In conrast, recording loci for units exhibiting a strong C-fiber excitation and responses to cutaneous stimulation known to effectively excite C-fiber polymodal nociceptors or C-mechanoreceptors were centered in the SG. There appeared varying degrees of convergence of primary afferent input to the neuronal units, although most showed substantial specificity in their afferent excitation. On the bases of these esults and consideration of existing morphological daa, it is proposed that the marginal zone is a major synaptic termination region for the affeent fibers from high-threshold mechanoreceptors, cooling thermoreceptors, and perhaps otehr receptors with fine myelinated peripheral fibers. The SG, on the other hand, is suggested to be the terminal region for all types of unmyelinated primary afferent sensory neurons, and to have the complex role of integrating and distributing this input.