cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance-Driven Quality Control. Zoe C. Brooks. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 2001, 204 pp., $36.00 (members), $45.00 (nonmembers), soft cover. ISBN 1-890883-54-9.

All quality-control (QC) programs have two things in common: collect data on a predefined system and use these for evaluation. What data, how frequently they are collected, and how they are used to the best effect should be a function of the systems that are being monitored. This book provides guidance that clinical laboratories will find useful for meeting their needs. It contains clear explanations of current thinking for monitoring performance of clinical laboratory tests, taking into account the improved performance of modern systems compared with those available when Levey and Jennings first published their scheme in 1950. The author meets the difficult challenges of establishing an effective system, starting with …
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS MUCOSUS (TYPE III) : III. INCREASED RESISTANCE TO TYPE III INFECTION INDUCED IN RABBITS BY IMMUNIZATION WITH R AND S FORMS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.

1. Immunization of rabbits with Type III pneumococci is effective in producing active immunity against infection with a virulent strain of the homologous organism. 2. Immunization of rabbits with Type I or II pneumococci, and with R forms derived from any of the fixed types, is equally effective in producing active immunity against Type III infection. 3. Immunization of rabbits with nucleoprotein or with desoxycholate solutions of heterologous pneumococci, under the experimental conditions described, appears to be ineffective in producing active immunity against Type III infection.
Release and repair of a ventral thoracic spinal cord herniation

Ventral thoracic spinal cord herniation is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of progressive myelopathy. This video demonstrates the imaging characteristics and surgical techniques for release and reduction of the spinal cord herniation as well as primary repair and reinforcement of the ventral dural hernia defect through an extended posterior approach. An instrumented fusion was concomitantly performed. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/6Pcokep6Tug.
How to engage children in self-administered dietary assessment programmes

Effectively assessing children’s dietary intake is essential for understanding the complex relationships among dietary behaviours and obesity. Dietary assessment accuracy decreases when children are unable or unmotivated to complete accurate self-reports. Technology-based assessment instruments for children’s self-report of diet can be enhanced in light of developments in media psychology and communication science. To motivate children to complete a dietary assessment, researchers could use animated, customisable agents; embed the assessment process into a video game; or add narratives to encourage self-reporting behaviour. To improve accuracy, the intake environment could be recreated virtually; training sessions could be interspersed to improve portion estimation; and implicit attitudinal measures could be incorporated as a control or to increase validity. Research is needed to evaluate possible methods of enhancing children’s self-reporting motivation and accuracy. The main challenge remains how to engage children without biasing their reporting.
Mechanics, Dynamics, and Control of a Single-Input Aquatic Vehicle With Variable Coefficient of Lift

We describe basic considerations in the Lagrangian modeling of aquatic vehicles developing liftlike forces in a controlled way. We introduce the aquatic Flettner rotor as prototypical of this class of vehicles, and demonstrate the compatibility of Lagrangian formalism with experimental data describing a laboratory rotor. We analyze the controllability of a model for the rotor, connect its structure to that of models for Lagrangian systems subject to nonholonomic constraints, and present numerical evidence that our model can behave chaotically given physically motivated inputs and disturbances. We conclude with a description of a fishlike robotic vehicle employing a rotor in place of a caudal fin
Categorical and Metric Spatial Processes Distinguished by Task Demands and Practice

In this study we examined Kosslyn's (1987) claim that the right hemisphere exhibits a relative superiority for processing metric spatial relations, whereas the left hemisphere exhibits a relative superiority for processing categorical spatial relations. In particular, we examined whether some failures to observe strong visual field (VF) advantages in previous studies might be due to practice effects that allowed individuals to process tasks in alternative manners (e.g., to process a metric task using a categorical strategy). We used two versions of a task previously employed by Hellige and Michimata (1989) in which individuals judge the metric (distance) or categorical (above/below) spatial relations between a bar and a dot. In one version, the position of the bar was held static. In another, the bar's position varied. This manipulation prevented participants from using the computer screen as a reference frame, forcing them to compute the spatial relationships on the basis of the relevant items only (i.e., the bar and the dot). In the latter, but not the former version of the task we obtained evidence supporting Kosslyn's hypothesis, namely, a significant right visual field (RVF) advantage for categorical spatial processing and a trend toward a left visual field (LVF) advantage for metric spatial processing. Furthermore, the pattern of results for trials on which information was presented centrally (CVF trials) was similar to that observed on RVF trials, whereas the pattern for trials in which identical information was presented in each visual field (BVF trials) was similar to that observed on LVF trials. Such a pattern is consistent with Kosslyn's suggestion that categorical processing is better suited for cells with small receptive fields and metric processing for cells with larger receptive fields.
An approach for rapid protocol development: experiences with the proposed Fibre Channel Standard

This paper describes a rapid protocol development approach that enables protocol verification through the design and development stages. Feedback from verification analysis can be very useful to protocol designers, but it is often difficult to stay current with the protocol's development. Our approach facilitates quick turnaround in the development and verification process-even before the protocol is stable. American National Standards Committee X3T9.3 has chartered the development of Fibre Channel (FC), a proposed standard for serial I/O channel capable of supporting a wide range of zipper layer protocols. Despite the complexity of FC, we have used our approach to both verify it and to produce a software and hardware implementation of the protocol. We describe features that enable rapid turnaround in response to revisions of the standard and maintenance of a stable suite of test cases for the standard. The approach has also been applied to other protocols. >
The role of SLP-76 and LAT in lymphocyte development

Abstract SLP-76 and LAT are two recently identified adapter proteins that are involved in the signal transduction cascade initiated by engagement of the TCR. The role of these two molecules in thymocyte development has become clearer following studies of gene targeted mice. The data indicate that SLP-76 and LAT are each critical for the expansion and differentiation of double-negative thymocytes and that SLP-76 is essential for allelic exclusion at the TCRβ locus.
Magnetic resonance angiography of rat spinal cord at 9.4 T: A feasibility study

In this study we investigated the feasibility of performing 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography to remotely image the arteries of rat spinal cord. Using a custom-designed implantable radiofrequency coil, we acquired angiograms from normal and injured cords. The potential of the approach was evaluated in terms of longitudinally monitoring the vascular reorganization of spinal cord following an injury.
Improving communication training for engineers

The focus is limited to the academic and the industrial job training of engineers' communication skills. The first step in the effort was to recap the assessments of current research in the area of communication training needs of engineers. Some of the more pertinent areas of consideration for improvement of communication skills training for engineers include analysis of current offerings, coordination of in-house training with colleges, extension of college services to the industrial site, attendance of professional conferences, establishment of a forum between colleges and the community, and internship programs in technical communications. >
A prospective study on vacation weight gain in adults

Abstract Purpose To determine if a 1- to 3-week vacation in adults leads to weight gain and whether that gain persists 6 weeks later. Methods 122 adults going on a 1- to 3-week vacation completed 3 visits. The visits were 1 week prior to, 1 week post, and 6 week post vacation. Height, weight, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire — IPAQ) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale — PSS) were measured. Results Body weight increased on vacation (0.32 ± 0.08 kg, p Conclusions Vacations resulted in significant weight gain (0.32 kg), and this weight gain persisted at the 6-week follow-up period. The weight gain appeared to be driven by increased energy intake above energy requirements. This gain could be a significant contributor to yearly weight gain in adults and therefore affect obesity prevalence.
Contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum function: effects of fatigue, recovery, and elevated Ca2+

This investigation tested the notion that fatiguing stimulation induces intrinsic changes in the contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and that these changes are initiated by elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Immediately after stimulation of frog semitendinosus muscle, contractile apparatus and SR function were measured. Despite a large decline in tetanic force (Po), maximal Ca2+-activated force (Fmax) of the contractile apparatus was not significantly altered. However, Ca2+ sensitivity was increased. In conjunction, the rate constant of Ca2+ uptake by the SR was diminished, and the caffeine sensitivity of Ca2+ release was decreased. During recovery, Po, contractile apparatus, and SR function each returned to near-initial levels. Exposure of skinned fibers to 0.5 microM free Ca2+ for 5 min depressed both Fmax and Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. In addition, caffeine sensitivity of Ca2+ release was diminished. Results suggest that fatigue induces intrinsic alterations in contractile apparatus and SR function. Changes in contractile apparatus function do not appear to be mediated by increased [Ca2+]i. However, a portion of the change in SR Ca2+ release seems to be due to elevated [Ca2+]i.
The management of spontaneous pneumothorax and bullous emphysema.

The standard therapy for a pneumothorax of greater than 25 per cent is an intercostal tube thoracostomy. If this fails, a thoracotomy with stapling or suturing of any apical blebs and pleurodesis is indicated. The operation on patients with severe bullous disease consists of resection of bullae without removal of any other functional tissue. All efforts must be made to identify those patients with sufficiently good remaining lung tissue to make the operation most successful.
Novel Nuclear Measurements Technologies for Safety and Security

A series of novel nuclear measurements technologies such as hybrid gamma spectroscopy and real time 3D-contamination modelling have been developed recently at AREVA towards Safety and Security applications as result of direct experiences and related to Fukushima site remediation project.
Endocrinology: Isolated polycystic morphology in ovum donors predicts response to ovarian stimulation

The isolated finding of polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound examination of normal women is not uncommon. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of polycystic ovaries in a population of healthy, non-hirsute, fertile women preparing to undergo ovarian stimulation. We evaluated whether the finding of polycystic ovaries in oocyte donors predicts a different response to ovarian stimulation when compared to donors with normal-appearing ovaries. Furthermore, we examined whether oocytes from polycystic ovaries had the same capacity for fertilization and development as those retrieved from normal ovaries. In all, 11 donors with polycysticappearing ovaries were compared prospectively to 13 donors with normal-appearing ovaries who were undergoing ovarian stimulation during the same time interval. The two groups were similar in age and baseline androgen concentrations. Significantly more oocytes were produced by the polycystic group for the amount of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) administered (P<0.05). In addition, all previous cycles completed by these 24 donors were compared (polycystic group: total of31 cycles; normal group: total of 37 cycles). The donors with polycystic ovaries required less HMG to obtain optimal stimulation (P<0.05), attained a greater peak oestradiol concentration (P<0.05), produced a greater number of follicles (P<0.05) and oocytes (P<0.01) and a higher percentage of mature oocytes (P<0.05), Furthermore, they achieved a higher peak oestradiol/HMG (P<0.01) and oocytes/HMG ratio (P<0.01). Also, the oocytes from donors with polycystic-appearing ovaries, in contrast to reports of oocytes from women with polycystic ovary syndrome, demonstrated superior maturity (P<0.05) and similar fertilization, clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates as oocytes from normal-appearing ovaries. In conclusion, visualizing polycystic ovaries in normal women predicts a heightened sensitivity to HMG. Nonetheless, women with polycystic-appearing ovaries are excellent oocyte donors, producing significantly more oocytes than donors with normal-appearing ovaries. Furthermore, the oocytes collected are of normal quality and have the same capacity for fertilization and embryo development
RELATION OF STEROL STRUCTURE TO UTILIZATION IN PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS.

Six sterols, Δ5-cholesten-3Β-ol (cholesterol), Δ5-cholesten-3α-ol, cholestan-3Β-ol, cholestan-3α-ol, coprostan-3Β-ol, and coprostan-3α-ol, selected to represent variations in the configuration of the A and B rings and of the 3-hydroxyl group, were tested for physiological activity. Only Δ5-cholseten-3Β-ol and cholestan-3Β-ol supported growth of the pleuropneumonia-like organisms investigated, indicating the absolute requirement for a planar molecule with an equatorial 3-hydroxyl group. All six sterols were incorporated. The acetate esters of Δ5-cholestenols were less readily hydrolyzed than those of cholestanols, indicating that unsaturation in the B ring impedes the esterase. With a cis-fused A/B ring, esters of the axial 3-hydroxyl radical are more easily hydrolyzed than those of the equatorial 3-hydroxyl, while in the cholestanols (A/B trans) there is no such difference between epimers. The differences in effects of varying configurations of the sterol molecule are explained on the basis of steric hindrance of movement in the cell membrane.
Abstract 3742: Downstream Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Signaling Modulates The Acute Stress Response To Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background: The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immune response to a number of inflammatory conditions and in the innate immune response to ischemia...
Techniques for use of charcoal hemoperfusion in infants: Experience in two patients

Hemodialysis (HD) is used widely in the management of children with renal failure. The techniques and possible complications of HD treatment of infants and children have been well described [1], Charcoal hemoperfusion (CH) has received extensive use in adult patients for the adsorption of a variety of exogenous and endogenous intoxicants [2, 3]. Initially, CH resulted in complications such as thrombocytopenia, charcoal embolism, leukopenia, fibrinogenopenia, and hypocalcemia. The incidence of these complications has been reduced markedly by the use of polymer-coated charcoal [4, 5]. There has been, however, little pediatric experience in the use of CH. This paper indicates that the procedure can be safely adapted for use even in the newborn period.
Resurgence of Citrus Rust Mite Populations Following Application of Methidathion

Field studies were conducted in 1975–76 to determine the effect of methidathion with and without chlorobenzilate on the resurgence of populations of Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) and the survival of their natural enemies. Egg and adult populations of citrus rust mite increased significantly on leaves and fruit within 3–7 weeks after application of methidathion and methidathion-chlorobenzilate as compared to chlorobenzilate alone. Number of fruit with citrus rust mite injury was significantly higher in treatments containing methidathion. The fungal pathogen, Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher, was less prevalent in cadavers found in pesticide treatments as compared to the control.
Silicon Photonics Beyond the Silicon-on-Insulator Platform (Invited)

The silicon-on-insulator platform has several shortcomings for near- and mid-infrared integrated photonics. Heterogeneous platforms that integrate silicon with lithium niobate, tantalum pentoxide, chalcogenide glass and silicon nitride, as well as all-silicon waveguides are reviewed.
Function Ascriptions of Technical Artifacts

The function of technical artifacts is mind dependent. It is an ontologically subjective entity and an epistemologicallyobjective judgment. Function ascription is a general form of technical function in the epistemological sense. Function ascriptionsmay be taken in a descriptive and in a performative sense. The former can be called function ascriptions for short and the latterfunction assignments. The mind dependency of the function of technical artifacts is grounded in performative function ascriptionsinstead of descriptive function ascriptions.
Interventional Neuroradiologic Treatment Of Head And Neck Lesions

Treatment of diseases involving the head and neck is most challenging because of the high density of vital structures in this region, the need to preserve function, and aesthetic requirements. Technical advances in needles, catheters, guide wires, and embolic materials have broadened the scope of interventional neuroradiologic procedures. Endovascular therapy can serve as a valuable adjunct to conventional surgical treatment for head and neck masses. In addition, it is now the treatment of choice for a variety of vascular lesions, such as arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, and pseudoaneurysms. In this article, examples from the spectrum of applications of endovascular therapy in the head and neck region are presented along with a discussion of therapeutic considerations.
Reconstruction Of Burns Of The Trunk And Breast

This article discusses the pathogenesis and reconstruction of hypertrophic scarring of the burned trunk. General reconstruction schemata are provided. Reconstruction of specific problems of the chest, abdominal wall, breasts, and perineum are also discussed.
Chapter 9: Investigative Analysis

This chapter in The Handbook of Human Rights Investigation proposes a methodology for assessing and drawing conclusions from evidence gathered during an investigation into a serious violation of human rights.
Stress Cardiac MRI in Women With Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Background In a prospective study, cardiac MRI (CMR) and intravascular ultrasound were performed in women with myocardial infarction (MI) and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). Forty participants underwent adenosine-stress CMR (sCMR). Hypothesis Abnormal perfusion may co-localize with ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2-weighted signal hyperintensity (T2+), suggesting microvascular dysfunction contributed to MI. Methods Qualitative perfusion analysis was performed by 2 independent readers. Abnormal myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was defined as global average ≤1.84. Results Abnormal rest perfusion was present in 10 patients (25%) and stress perfusion abnormalities in 25 (63%). Abnormal stress perfusion was not associated with LGE but tended to occur with T2+. Among patients with abnormal perfusion and LGE, the LGE pattern was ischemic in half. The locations of abnormal perfusion and LGE matched in 75%, T2+ in 100%. Abnormal stress perfusion was not associated with plaque disruption and matched in location in 63%. MPRI was abnormal in 10 patients (25%) and was not associated with LGE, T2+ or plaque disruption. Conclusions Abnormal perfusion on sCMR is common among women with MINOCA. Abnormal perfusion usually co-localized with LGE and/or T2+ when present. Variability in LGE pattern leads to uncertainty about whether the finding of abnormal perfusion was cause or consequence of the tissue state leading to LGE. Low MPRI, possibly indicating diffuse microvascular disease, was observed with and without LGE and T2+. Multiple mechanisms may lead to abnormal perfusion on sCMR. Microvascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of and coexist with other causes of MINOCA.
Linker Histones and the Dynamic Chromatin Fiber

DNA in eukaryotic cells is highly compacted into a hierarchical chromatin structure to fit inside the nucleus. Linker histones play an important role in this packing. Their interaction with the nucleosomes and intervening DNA linkers, in combination with linker length, are believed to affect chromatin folding and long-range interactions. The details of chromatin structure at this level of compaction are still an open question but have profound implications on biological processes, such as gene expression.We have constructed a complete coarse-grained chromatin model from recently published 11-A resolution electron microscopy maps of two chromatin fibers (Song et al., 2014). The arrangements of the modeled DNA linkers point to four or more distinct modes of linker histone-nucleosome association that provide hints of the local dynamic structure. We use these association modes as well as a recently published crystal structure of the chromatosome complex (Zhou et al., 2015) in coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations of precisely positioned nucleosomal arrays. The states of chromatin captured in our simulations reveal how the presence and positioning of linker histones, in combination with varying DNA linker lengths, affect long-range chromatin communication and the geometry of the chromatin fiber.
Remarkable, Delightful, Awesome: It Will Change Your Life, Not Overnight but Over Time

She’s remarkable! I said that when she was born and many times since. Stephanie was born with ten perfect little fingers and ten perfect little toes. She came out crying and all I wanted to do was soothe her and take away whatever was causing her to cry, but the nurse told me it was good for her lungs. Thus began a remarkable journey that has changed my life.
Alarmins firing arthritis: Helpful diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic targets

Alarmins are endogenous molecules with homeostatic roles that have reached the focus of research in inflammatory arthritis in the last two decades, mostly due to their ability to indicate tissue related damage after active or passive release from injured cells. From HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 proteins, over heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and purine metabolites (e.g. uric acid, ATP) to altered matrix proteins and interleukin-33 (IL-33), a number of alarmins have been determined until now as having a role in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as well as spondyloarthritis and gout. Although formerly being linked to initiation and chronification of inflammatory arthritis, driving auto- and paracrine inflammatory loops, more recent research has also unraveled the alarmins' role in the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity and in resolution of inflammation. Providing a state-of-the-art overview of known alarmins, this review lists the known modes of action and pathologic contribution of alarmins to inflammatory arthritis, as well as biomarker potential of alarmins in the clinical setting for tracking disease severity. Based upon research on animal experimental models (CIA, AIA) and clinical trials, a look is made into potentially viable strategies for modifying alarmin secretion and their target receptor (e.g. TLR, RAGE) interaction with the purpose of attenuating arthritic disease.
Building Bayesian networks from GWAS statistics based on Independence of Causal Influence

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have received an increasing attention to understand genotype-phenotype relationships. In this paper, we study how to build Bayesian networks from publicly released GWAS statistics to explicitly reveal the conditional dependency between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits. The key challenge in building a Bayesian network is the specification of the conditional probability table (CPT) of an variable with multiple parent variables. We employ the Independence of Causal Influences (ICI) which assumes that the causal mechanism of each parent variable is mutually independent. Specifically, we derive a formulation from the Noisy-or model, one of the ICI models, to specify the CPT using the released GWAS statistics. We prove that the specified CPT is accurate as long as the underlying individual-level genotype and phenotype profile data follows the Noisy-or model. We empirically evaluate the Noisy-or model and its derived formulation using data from openSNP. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Association of topoisomerase II expression and cancer-specific death in patients with surgically resected clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

e15539 Background: Despite the development of prognostic algorithms based on clinico-pathologic features, the ability to identify aggressive forms of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains...
Electrospinning of immiscible systems: The wool keratin/polyamide-6 case study

Abstract Blends of wool keratin and polyamide 6 (PA6) have shown interesting adsorbent properties in filtration. In this work, the miscibility of keratin and PA6 was studied for the first time through rheological measurements of diluted blend solutions. In particular, the immiscibility between the two polymers in different blend proportions was observed by the segregation of phases in the cast films. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the immiscibility, we demonstrate here that homogeneous keratin/PA6 blend nanofibers can be obtained by electrospinning as a result of rapid solvent evaporation, where kinetic effects prevail on thermodynamic effects, thereby avoiding phase segregation. The obtained nanofibers have diameters ranging from 100 to 250 nm, depending on the experimental conditions. We show, through a principal component analysis (PCA) that the percentage of keratin represents the most important variable to determine nanofiber diameters. Collectively, this study represents a successful case of immiscible electrospinning system for production of useful nanofibers as adsorbent material for different applications.
Accommodating the Disabled

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to make reasonable workplace accommodations to the disabled. This essay addresses the meaning of "reasonable" in this context. It argues that the meaning cannot be grounded on a cost-benefit calculation because any calculation is impossible when the accommodation of a single employee's disability is at stake, not because the cost to the employer of the accommodation is necessarily unknowable, but because the gain to the disabled worker cannot be measured. The essay surveys 100 reported federal cases in 1999 raising Americans with Disabilities Act claims and concludes that the issue of what is a reasonable accommodation is vanishingly rare.
Coeur douloureux: transient midventricular ballooning syndrome precipitated by trigeminal neuralgia.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 65-year-old woman with history of trigeminal neuralgia presented with left facial tic douloureux soon followed by substernal chest pain. Electrocardiogram demonstrated T-wave inversions in leads I and aVL, and an initial
Feasibility of a combined aerobic and cognitive training intervention on cognitive function in cancer survivors: a pilot investigation

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) may negatively affect upwards of 75% of cancer patients. Exercise and cognitive training, independently, may increase functional capacity and aspects of cognitive function. Yet, combined training protocols have not been evaluated in cancer survivor populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a quasi-randomized, controlled, exploratory, repeated-measures aerobic and cognitive training intervention on cognitive function in participants undergoing treatment for cancer (N = 28). Pre- and post-physical and cognitive assessments were administered. A 36-session (approximately 12 weeks) computer-based cognitive (COG), aerobic (AER), cognitive and aerobic (AER + COG), and flexibility (CON) training intervention was completed. Dependent measures t tests and pre- to post percentages were then calculated to address within-group changes for each dependent variable. Within-group measures revealed that the AER logical memory scores (pre- to post mean difference [2.3], 95.0% CI [0.9, 3.7], percentage change [32.7%]), delayed recall scores (pre- to post mean difference [2.1], 95.0% CI [0.3, 3.9], percentage change [27.2%]), block design scores (pre- to post mean difference [1.7], 95.0% CI [0.2, 3.2], percentage change [19.0%]), and letter-number sequencing scores (pre- to post mean difference [1.0], 95.0% CI [0.2, 1.8], percentage change [12.3%]) all increased. Aspects of verbal fluidity scores increased in the CON group. However, all cognitive scores (AER + COG and COG groups) failed to increase. Aerobic training for CRCI may positively impact cognitive function. Individually, these methods may appropriately address CRCI, but combined training of this nature may be too demanding for patients undergoing treatment for cancer. However, larger randomized trials are needed to substantiate this protocol in large-scale cancer rehabilitation centers.
Computation of System Matrices

This chapter is central to this book and describes how to compute system matrices of state space models from given sets of time series data. The dimensions of the models are determined by the numerical ranks of the Hankel matrices constructed from the sample covariance matrices of data sets. In this way the dimensions of the models are data determined. Among equivalent representations of models of given dimensions, the one called (intenally) balanced is chosen for its advantages in conducting error analysis and in constructing lower dimensional approximate models.
Megillath Esther and the Rule of Law: Disobedience and Obligation

Strange is Megillath Esther, the Scroll of Esther. It mentions God not once, yet it is second only to the Torah, the Five Books of Moses, for wealth of rabbinic commentary. It recounts part of the sacred history of the Jews, yet it is set in Persia. It emphasizes the obligation of Jews to observe the holiday of Purim, yet it emphasizes at the same time the importance of violating legal obligations. Perhaps no other book of the Bible offers such a mix of plotting and ironic reversals, of mass partying and mass killing, of folly and deadly earnest.All the same, perhaps no other book of the Bible offers wisdom on the legal order of more importance to contemporary America. The Scroll of Esther — often called simply, “the Megillah” — supports a fundamental rule of law while observing that some laws may be foolish and more honored in the breach. If America has become a land where it may be expected that the typical resident commits, in the words of Harvey Silverglate, “[t]hree [f]elonies a [d]ay,” and where the Executive Branch uses prosecutorial discretion as a dispensing power, it may welcome a lesson on how the rule of law might endure such a time. Perhaps the Megillah was written “for such a time as this.” (Esther 4:14.)The Megillah exists to commemorate both God’s deliverance of the Jews and also the annual celebration of that deliverance, Purim. The record of the Jewish community’s taking upon itself the obligation to keep the festival of Purim culminates the Megillah. That obligation is one of law. But the story of the Megillah turns repeatedly upon instances when the heroes of the story disobey law, sometimes without penalty, and sometimes even with great advantage. And so arises the biggest irony in a work noted for its ironies: The Megillah imposes the obligation to obey a law founded indirectly upon disobedience to laws. To do so successfully requires that it distinguish between laws to be kept and laws not to be kept. Furthermore, it must make the distinction clear and authoritative enough that the two categories marked by the distinction do not bleed into one another. This distinction is essential to the Megillah. It also is essential to the health of a legal system of the sort now to be found in America.This article explores the jurisprudence of the Megillah, focusing on the question of obedience and the rule of law. Part I summarizes the story of Esther. Part II takes a closer look at how law figures in the story. Part III poses the tension between law in the Megillah and the very purposes of the Megillah. Part IV explains how the Megillah resolves that tension in its teaching on legal obligation. Part V concludes with reflections on the significance of that teaching for the rule of law. This article presents the jurisprudence of the Megillah as a fundamental lesson of this book of the Bible.
Comment on Jane Gravelle, “Income Tax Treatment of the Family”

The appropriate treatment of the family unit is a major issue in the design of an individual income tax system. Gravell’s paper begins by discussing the current state of family taxation, and how it has evolved over time. She argues persuasively that many of the important changes in the tax treatment of the family were not consequences of policy decisions focusing on families per se. Rather, they were incidental consequences of decisions that were made without much thought about the effects on the family. Gravelle then goes on to provide a useful discussion of alternative major approaches to family taxation, and to draw out the implications of each for such issues as whether credits or exemptions are more suitable measures for correcting for differences in family size.
On Building Robust Web Service-Based Applications

Reliability is an issue of importance in Web service applications, as they often expose an enterprise's critical processes, such as finance, insurance, customer-relationship management, or sales. Reliability can be ensured by providing compensations for faults, but the complexity of the applications makes it impossible to anticipate all the scenarios that the applications might encounter. An approach to error tolerance needs to be provided. In this chapter we show that even when on-line applications are complex, the service-oriented architecture of Web services provides an excellent basis for our redundancy-based approach to error tolerance. Our studies and theories in software robustness demonstrate that: (i) robustness can be achieved through redundancy; (ii) by being able to represent and conciliate multiple viewpoints, agents are an appropriate unit for adding redundancy; and (iii) agents having different algorithms but similar responsibilities can produce the needed redundancy. We integrate Web services as part of the functionality of the agents that provide the redundancy.
Bioequivalence for Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products

Bioequivalence (BE) of conventional oral dosage forms intended for systemic action is typically established by comparing drug concentration in plasma or urine following administration of test and reference products to healthy human subjects at the same dose and under similar conditions. However, this approach is not directly applicable to demonstrate BE of orally inhaled and nasal drug products intended for local action, primarily due to lack of relevance of drug concentration in blood/urine to the drug available at the local site(s) of action. Therefore, establishing BE for these drug products is based on an aggregate weight-of-evidence approach, which utilizes in vitro studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and pharmacodynamic/clinical endpoint BE studies to establish equivalence in in vitro performance, systemic exposure, and local delivery, respectively. This chapter discusses the important aspects for establishing BE for locally acting orally inhaled and nasal spray drug products.
Spreading the News: The Protocols Triumphant

World War I was begun by the great powers without ideals or clearly defined interests, and it ended with a continent in ruins. Beyond the 38 million dead and maimed, beyond the previously unimaginable devastation, its victims included those upon whom the learned elders of Zion had promised to wreak their vengeance. Four empires were destroyed whose roots reached back more than a thousand years: the Austro-Hungarian, the German, the Ottoman, and the Russian. The war decimated the ancien regime. Established traditions were overturned and a corrosive cynicism was generated among much of the population. In an epoch marked by chaos and transition, it was little wonder that the Protocols should have gained such popularity.
Cluster Analysis of Impaired Counseling Students: A Survey of Master's Level CACREP-Accredited Programs

We investigated how a set of behavioral indicators aided in identifying impaired counseling students who were subjected to remediation and termination. The cases of remediation and termination were...
Time-Resolved Line Focus Acoustic Microscopy Using Lamb Waves for Material Characterization of Thin Plates

A line focus acoustic transducer is used to excite and detect Lamb waves in a thin plate in order to determine elastic constants. The response of the transducer-couplant-plate system to a pulse with a center frequency of 8 MHz has been simulated, and a preliminary series of corresponding measurements has been carried out.
Association of state Medicaid expansion with timeliness of cancer care delivery.

e18126Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid eligibility to nonelderly adults with incomes at or below 138% of the federal poverty level in participating states. Medicaid expan...
Abstract P2068: Whole Exome Sequencing And Monogenic Hypertension In A Multiethnic Cohort Of 28,000 Individuals

Hypertension (HTN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a subset may be caused by monogenic mutations. We identified the prevalence of these mutations in a multiethnic cohort and determi...
On Fixpoint/Iteration/Variant Induction Principles for Proving Total Correctness of Programs with Denotational Semantics.

We study partial and total correctness proof methods based on generalized fixpoint/iteration/variant induction principles applied to the denotational semantics of first-order functional and iterative programs.
Evaluation of time to clearance of high‐dose methotrexate using the ARK immunoassay in pediatric hematology/oncology patients: A single‐center experience

A retrospective, single-center, observational study evaluated the difference in time to clearance of high-dose methotrexate between the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and ARK methotrexate assay in pediatric hematology/oncology patients. The post-ARK immunoassay group had an increase in clearance time of 33 h/cycle and 31% increase in cycles with delayed clearance. On posthoc analysis, use of an adjusted clearance threshold of <0.15 µmol/L post-ARK immunoassay, as opposed to the traditional <0.1 µmol/L threshold, would have similar incidence of delayed clearance. The ARK immunoassay demonstrated a positive bias compared to the FPIA in clinical practice, which led to an institutional policy change.
A systematic approach to 'cleaning' of drug name records data in the FAERS database: a case report

Data 'cleaning', also known as data 'cleansing', or data 'curation' is about identifying and rectifying errors in data. The objective of this report is to present a data cleaning and standardisation process for the drug name files in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system database, FAERS. Drug name data was cleaned and standardised using a combination of data cleaning tools and manual correction techniques. Data files were organised into frequency intervals and a strategy of cleaning using iteration and programming scripts in the MySQL Workbench was employed. The download of the FAERS quarterly reports for the time periods ranging from Q1 2004 to Q3 2016 resulted in 32,736,657 DRUG file records. Records contained a variety of errors, such as misspellings, abbreviations and non-descript or ambiguous names. Upon completion of the process, standardisation of greater than 95% of the drug name data in the FAERS database was achieved. With large datasets such as FAERS, a cleaning process is necessary to rectify data that may be incomplete or inaccurate due to input errors, in order to improve the quality and validity of information.
Gesture Helps, Only If You Need It: Inhibiting Gesture Reduces Tip‐of‐the‐Tongue Resolution for Those With Weak Short‐Term Memory

People frequently gesture when a word is on the tip of their tongue (TOT), yet research is mixed as to whether and why gesture aids lexical retrieval. We tested three accounts: the lexical retrieval hypothesis, which predicts that semantically related gestures facilitate successful lexical retrieval; the cognitive load account, which predicts that matching gestures facilitate lexical retrieval only when retrieval is hard, as in the case of a TOT; and the motor movement account, which predicts that any motor movements should support lexical retrieval. In Experiment 1 (a between-subjects study; N = 90), gesture inhibition, but not neck inhibition, affected TOT resolution but not overall lexical retrieval; participants in the gesture-inhibited condition resolved fewer TOTs than participants who were allowed to gesture. When participants could gesture, they produced more representational gestures during resolved than unresolved TOTs, a pattern not observed for meaningless motor movements (e.g., beats). However, the effect of gesture inhibition on TOT resolution was not uniform; some participants resolved many TOTs, while others struggled. In Experiment 2 (a within-subjects study; N = 34), the effect of gesture inhibition was traced to individual differences in verbal, not spatial short-term memory (STM) span; those with weaker verbal STM resolved fewer TOTs when unable to gesture. This relationship between verbal STM and TOT resolution was not observed when participants were allowed to gesture. Taken together, these results fit the cognitive load account; when lexical retrieval is hard, gesture effectively reduces the cognitive load of TOT resolution for those who find the task especially taxing.
Ethnic Hatred and Universal Benevolence: Ethnicity and Loyalty in Precolonial Myanmar, and Britain

Insisting on a radical divide between post-1750 ideologies in Europe and earlier political thought in both Europe and Asia, modernist scholars of nationalism have called attention, quite justifiably, to European nationalisms’ unique focus on popular sovereignty, legal equality, territorial fixity, and the primacy of secular over universal religious loyalties. Yet this essay argues that nationalism also shared basic developmental and expressive features with political thought in pre-1750 Europe as well as in rimland—that is to say outlying—sectors of Asia. Polities in Western Europe and rimland Asia were all protected against Inner Asian occupation, all enjoyed relatively cohesive local geographies, and all experienced economic and social pressures to integration that were not only sustained but surprisingly synchronized throughout the second millennium. In Western Europe and rimland Asia each major state came to identify with a named ethnicity, specific artifacts became badges of inclusion, and central ethnicity expanded and grew more standardized. Using Myanmar and pre-1750 England/Britain as case studies, this essay reconstructs these centuries-long similarities in process and form between “political ethnicity,” on the one hand, and modern nationalism, on the other. Finally, however, this essay explores cultural and material answers to the obvious question: if political ethnicities in Myanmar and pre-1750 England/Britain were indeed comparable, why did the latter realm alone generate recognizable expressions of nationalism? As such, this essay both strengthens and weakens claims for European exceptionalism.
A Sequential Autohydrolysis-Ionic Liquid Fractionation Process for High Quality Lignin Production

In this study, we propose a complete biomass fractionation strategy where all three major biopolymers, namely, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are separated with higher efficiency and purity....
Using Plate-Wash PCR and High-Throughput Sequencing to Measure Cultivated Diversity for Natural Product Discovery Efforts.

Molecular techniques continue to reveal a growing disparity between the immense diversity of microbial life and the small proportion that is in pure culture. The disparity, originally dubbed “the great plate count anomaly” by Staley and Konopka, has become even more vexing given our increased understanding of the importance of microbiomes to a host and the role of microorganisms in the vital biogeochemical functions of our biosphere. Searching for novel antimicrobial drug targets often focuses on screening a broad diversity of microorganisms. If diverse microorganisms are to be screened, they need to be cultivated. Recent innovative research has used molecular techniques to assess the efficacy of cultivation efforts, providing invaluable feedback to cultivation strategies for isolating targeted and/or novel microorganisms. Here, we aimed to determine the efficiency of cultivating representative microorganisms from a non-human, mammalian microbiome, identify those microorganisms, and determine the bioactivity of isolates. Sequence-based data indicated that around 57% of the ASVs detected in the original inoculum were cultivated in our experiments, but nearly 53% of the total ASVs that were present in our cultivation experiments were not detected in the original inoculum. In light of our controls, our data suggests that when molecular tools were used to characterize our cultivation efforts, they provided a more complete and more complex, understanding of which organisms were present compared to what was eventually detected during cultivation. Lastly, about 3% of the isolates collected from our cultivation experiments showed inhibitory bioactivity against an already multidrug-resistant pathogen panel, further highlighting the importance of informing and directing future cultivation efforts with molecular tools.
Understanding Accreditation and Certification in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

Musculoskeletal ultrasound as an adjunct in the care of the sports medicine and orthopedic patient is revealing itself as an incredibly valuable assessment tool. Accreditation and certification have been developed and will be an increasingly important method to maintain certain standards expected in this field. There are significant differences between accreditation and certification that the physician and sonographer need to understand. This chapter will answer some of the commonly asked questions about these two processes.