cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Diagnosis and Co-occurring Symptoms in Adopted Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether adopted children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from the general ASD population in terms of diagnosis, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, sleep problems, and medications. METHODS: We studied 163 adoptees in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (ATN) in comparison with 5624 nonadopted ATN participants (aged 1.5–17.6 years; mean [SD] = 6.2 [3.4] years). Gender, age, race, ethnicity, IQ, and categorical Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , ASD diagnosis were tested for differences by group (adopted versus nonadopted) by using independent-samples t tests for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. Logistic or linear regression models were used to examine the association between adoption status and several outcome variables, after controlling for covariates. RESULTS: After controlling for demographics and diagnosis, there were significant differences in group characteristics, including greater propensity for externalizing behavior ( P P = .001), and sleep problems ( P P P CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the population of adopted children with ASD differs from the general ASD population both with regard to diagnostic subtype and co-occurring behavioral problems. Future research should evaluate the contributions of specific factors associated with adoption such as biological family history, pregnancy history, early childhood experience, and age at adoption.
Reaping What They Sow? Victim-Offender Overlap Perceptions and Victim Blaming Attitudes

AbstractExamining the tendency to attribute blame to crime victims reveals a striking dichotomy. Some types, such as children, elicit intense emotional reactions from the public. Alternatively, others, such as the typical victims of street crimes, garner substantially less concern. According to the “just world” hypothesis, these latter groups may be perceived by the public as criminally involved, and so “blameworthy” for their victimization. We test this hypothesis—specifically, we evaluate whether perceptions of the extent of victims’ involvement in crime are associated with dispositional attributions for victimization. Data from a recent national survey (N = 760) are analyzed. To extend generalizability, we replicate results with a college sample (N = 733). Findings indicate that victim-offender overlap perceptions vary consistently by crime type. There is also consistent evidence that perceiving a larger victim-offender overlap is associated with the view that the causes of criminal victimization are, ...
Performance of CT Angiography on a Mobile Stroke Treatment Unit: Implications for Triage.

BACKGROUND There is a strong inverse relationship between outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke from emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), and time to reperfusion from intra-arterial therapy. Delay in transferring patients to thrombectomy-capable centers is currently a major limitation. The mobile stroke unit (MSU) concept with onboard portable computed tomography (CT) scanner enables rapid performance of CT angiography (CTA) of the intracranial vessels to detect ELVO in the field, and allows for rapid triage of patients to interventional-capable centers. METHODS Our institution implemented a mobile stroke treatment unit (MSTU) program that started on July 2014, and CTA capability was added on April 2015. The eligibility criteria, equipment, and method of CTA imaging are described. We report the first case of CTA being performed in the field in the United States to aid in triage of ELVO patients. RESULTS MSTU was dispatched for reported new onset of right hemiparesis in a patient. Teleneurological assessment detected findings consistent with a severe left middle cerebral artery (MCA) syndrome. Noncontrast CT head revealed left lenticulostriate hypoattenuation. A CTA was performed subsequently on the MSTU that showed an MCA cutoff. Based on these findings, patient was immediately transferred to the main hospital with neurointerventional capability, where he underwent successful recanalization with improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION CTA is possible on an MSTU, enabling rapid detection and triage of ELVO cases directly to thrombectomy-capable centers, which significantly reduces time to endovascular treatment.
AE instrumentation and deconvolution techniques

This paper describes the difficulties and solutions achieved in applying advanced Acoustic Emission (AE) signal analysis techniques to fracture mechanics. The test specimen is a double cantilever beam cut from a block of Charcoal granite. Crack growth is initiated at a Chevron notch in the specimen. Also described is a CAMAC (Computer Automated Measurement and Control) based data acquisition system. This system can capture and transfer AE event time histories at least 10 times faster than traditional oscilloscopes. An inexpensive personal computer is used for system control and storage.
Hydroxyapatite substituted by transition metals: experiment and theory.

Bioceramics are versatile materials for hard tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely studied biomaterial for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications. The crystal structure of HA allows for a wide range of substitutions, which allows for tailoring materials properties. Transition metals and lanthanides are of interest since substitution in HA can result in magnetic properties. In this study, experimental results were compared to theoretical calculations of HA substituted with a transition metal. Calculation of a 10 atomic percent substitution of a transition metal ion Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+ substituted HA samples lead to magnetic moments of 5, 4, and 3 Bohr magnetons, respectively. Hydroxyapatite substituted by transition metals (MHA) was fabricated through an ion exchange procedure and characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer, and results were compared to theoretical calculations. All the substitutions resulted in phase-pure M2+HA with lattice parameters and FTIR spectra in good agreement with calculations. Magnetic measurements revealed that the substitution of Mn2+ has the greatest effect on the magnetic properties of HA followed by the substitution of Fe2+ and then Co2+. The present work underlines the power of synergistic theoretical–experimental work in guiding the rational design of materials.
Acute effects of COREXIT® EC9500A on cardiovascular function

The goal of these studies was to characterize cardiovascular responses after an acute inhalation exposure to COREXIT® EC9500A, the oil dispersant used in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response. M...
OSTRICH: A Description of a Chess-Playing Program

This chapter describes a chess-playing program written by George Arnold and named OSTRICH because of its cowardly head in the sand when in a crisis style of play. The program was developed in the Digital Computer Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Columbia University. OSTRICH searches a large tree of variable-length move sequences using Shannon's type-B strategy supplemented by the alpha–beta algorithm. In turn, it supplements the alpha–beta algorithm with the gamma algorithm. Graduated forward pruning is performed at all nonterminal nodes. In the process of selecting a move, OSTRICH evaluates approximately 3,500 terminal positions and 2,000 nonterminal positions per minute. OSTRICH consists of three separate programs: a BOOK program, a main CHESS playing program, and a special END GAME program. Most of a game is played in the main program simply called CHESS. The gamma algorithm causes certain nodes in the tree to be considered terminal nodes. Unlike the alpha–beta algorithm, it is possible that the gamma algorithm will cause the search to arrive at a nonoptimal principal continuation. In particular, it will cause the search to miss those continuations that involve a sacrifice at ply i that is not recovered before ply i + 4.
An Atypical Case of Myxedema Coma with Concomitant Nonconvulsive Seizure

Hypothyroidism is a prevalent condition in the general population that is treatable with appropriately dosed thyroid hormone replacement medication. Infrequently, patients will present with myxedema coma, characterized by hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, and altered mental status in the setting of severe hypothyroidism. Myxedema coma has also been known to manifest in a number of unusual and dangerous forms. Here, we present the case of a woman we diagnosed with an uncharacteristic expression of myxedema coma and nonconvulsive seizure complicated by a right middle cerebral artery infarct.
Effect of PEDF on survival and in vivo antitumor activities of low-dose chemotherapy in castration-refractory prostate cancer.

237 Background: The development of metronomic/low dose of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have recently showed great promise in the treatment of castration-refractory prostate cancer (CPRC). Pi...
Cost effectiveness of maintenance bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

718Background: Observation alone after initial treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer is often anxiety provoking for physician and patient alike. The CAIRO 3 trial suggested the efficacy of maintenance capecitabine and bevacizumab in improving overall survival for such patients. We hypothesized that the cost effectiveness for maintenance capecitabine and bevacizumab would be worse than accepted population thresholds. Methods: Data from the CAIRO-3 trial was used to populate a semi-markov model, in which patients transitioned between different disease and complication based states. Transition probabilities were extratcted from the trial. Costs were determined from a thirs payer persective from the Medicare part B ASP drug pricing file. Utility was converted from the global quality of life scale. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios were calculated. Results: Cost of the maintenance arm after 10 cycles was $108,848 with a gain in 14.93 quality adjusted life months, while the quality adjusted...
Development of transfer functions for controlling fabrication of components by laser net shape deposition (LNSM)

Although laser cladding was developed thirty years ago, it has only been in the last ten years that research groups and companies have begun to exploit this technology to produce fully dense, near-net shape components with metals through techniques such as Direct Metal Deposition (DMD), Directed Light Fabrication (DLF), Laser Consolidation (LC), or Laser Engineered Net Shape (LENS). In order to produce components with fine features, it is necessary to provide proper thermal management of the weld pool during deposition. This is achieved by two means. First, proper choice of process parameters must be made to generate uniform deposits. Second, external sensor and control strategies must be employed to insure that the weld pool size is stable during the course of deposition. In this paper, the process for developing the transfer functions for laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM) is discussed. Finally, the strategy for how these transfer functions can be combined with sensors to control deposition is outlined.Although laser cladding was developed thirty years ago, it has only been in the last ten years that research groups and companies have begun to exploit this technology to produce fully dense, near-net shape components with metals through techniques such as Direct Metal Deposition (DMD), Directed Light Fabrication (DLF), Laser Consolidation (LC), or Laser Engineered Net Shape (LENS). In order to produce components with fine features, it is necessary to provide proper thermal management of the weld pool during deposition. This is achieved by two means. First, proper choice of process parameters must be made to generate uniform deposits. Second, external sensor and control strategies must be employed to insure that the weld pool size is stable during the course of deposition. In this paper, the process for developing the transfer functions for laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM) is discussed. Finally, the strategy for how these transfer functions can be combined with sensors to control deposition is outlined.
An ab initio study of the adsorption of Eu3+, Pu3+, Am3+, and Cm3+ hydroxide complexes on hematite (001) surface: Role of magnetism on adsorption

Abstract Inner-sphere hydroxide complexes of Eu3+, Pu3+, Am3+, and Cm3+ adsorbed to antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic hematite (001) surfaces were modeled by using DFT (GGA + U) calculations in order to compare the electronic properties, atomic structures, and adsorption energies between the trivalent actinide analog Eu3+ and the corresponding actinides An3+. Eu3+ forms a tridentate–binuclear surface complex on the hematite surface with an Eu–Fe distance of 3.4–3.8 A. Eu3+ is partially reduced upon adsorption, as indicated by the increase of original Eu3+ spin value from 6 to ∼7. Eu3+ adsorption on the ferromagnetic surface is energetically more favorable than on the antiferromagnetic surface, while the opposite is the case for all actinides An3+. When retaining a similar adsorption configuration (e.g., coordination number = 6), An3+ cations are adsorbed ∼0.2 A closer to the surface compared to Eu3+. Partial density of states analyses indicate ionic bonding between O ions on the hematite surface and the Eu3+/An3+ adsorbates. An increasing number of bands above the Fermi energy were found when Eu3+ and An3+ were adsorbed to the ferromagnetic surface but not on the antiferromagnetic surface, indicating the ferromagnetic substrate becomes more semiconducting upon cation adsorption. These results show that the spin configurations of the hematite (001) surface have a weak but distinct influence on the cation adsorption energy. Although the antiferromagnetic spin configuration of hematite is dominant in nature, metastable ferromagnetic domains on nanohematite grains may influence the energetics of certain cation adsorption reactions.
A switched systems approach to vision-based tracking control of wheeled mobile robots

Conventional methods for image-based guidance, navigation, and control of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) require continuous, uninterrupted state feedback at all times. However, tracked features may be lost due to occlusions or the trajectory of the WMR. In this paper, a set of dwell time conditions that can be used for trajectory design have been developed to relax the constant visibility constraint, while maintaining the ability to self-localize and track a desired trajectory. The use of a predictor for state estimates when landmark features are not visible helps to extend the time before image feedback of landmark features is required. Using Lyapunov-based switched systems analysis methods, maximum and minimum dwell time conditions are derived for periods when features are visible or not. A simulation is performed with a trajectory formed by Bezier splines to demonstrate a globally uniformly ultimately bounded trajectory tracking result despite intermittent measurements.
Genomics and electronic health record systems

Several reviews and case reports have described how information derived from the analysis of genomes are currently included in electronic health records (EHRs) for the purposes of supporting clinical decisions. Since the introduction of this new type of information in EHRs is relatively new (for instance, the widespread adoption of EHRs in the United States is just about a decade old), it is not surprising that a myriad of approaches has been attempted, with various degrees of success. EHR systems undergo much customization to fit the needs of health systems; these approaches have been varied and not always generalizable. The intent of this article is to present a high-level view of these approaches, emphasizing the functionality that they are trying to achieve, and not to advocate for specific solutions, which may become obsolete soon after this review is published. We start by broadly defining the end goal of including genomics in EHRs for healthcare and then explaining the various sources of information that need to be linked to arrive at a clinically actionable genomics analysis using a pharmacogenomics example. In addition, we include discussions on open issues and a vision for the next generation systems that integrate whole genome sequencing and EHRs in a seamless fashion.
Green Chemistry Initiatives Across the Undergraduate Curriculum

The responsibility of solving the world’s future environmental problems will fall into the hands of the world’s future scientists. While not all today’s chemistry training will focus on careers related to such issues as renewable energy and pollution prevention, it is imperative that all young chemists be prepared to be green chemists. Just as we train undergraduate chemists to understand basic principles of chemistry, we must also teach them to “think green” and keep an eye on such concepts as the 12 principles of green chemistry [1]. Because green chemistry pervades every field in the discipline, it is possible to infuse the concepts of green chemistry into the entire undergraduate chemistry curriculum. At the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, we have taken some initiatives to create a Green Chemistry Initiative Center (GCIC). The GCIC will have a multidisciplinary approach and three objectives: teaching, research training, and community outreach. In the area of teaching, the GCIC will facilitate a change in curriculum through the incorporation of lab experiments based on the green chemistry innovations recognized by the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards between 2000 and 2007, into existing classes [2]. In the area of research training, collaborations with local industries and farms through student internships will enhance learning. Community outreach through arts and other activities with surrounding high schools will be used as an awareness tool and to promote good citizenship.
A Model Quantifying Pulse Propagation Through Layered Attenuative Media

The influence of attenuation on pulsed ultrasonic signals has been under intense investigation especially in biomedical applications where it is most noticeable. Because attenuation depends on frequency, signals will be dissipated and dispersed as they travel through the medium. For many materials attenuation can be measured in vivo using a transmit and receive system where a pressure signal goes through a layered medium of fixed dimensions. The amount of attenuation, loosely defined as signal loss, is often found to be linearly or nearly linearly dependent on frequency. From this fact and the notion of causality it is possible to predict the phase angle of the spectrum as a function of frequency. Because this phase is nonlinearly dependent on frequency, the signal will be dispersed. This implies that transient responses experience distortion and the measured velocity of the pulse will be shifted with respect to the sound velocity expected from a lossless medium. In his paper on power law attenuation [1], Szabo has proven the amount of dispersion is maximum when the attenuation is linearly dependent on frequency and correspondingly minimum with a frequency square dependency.
Instinctive Computing

Instinctive computing is a computational simulation of biological and cognitive instincts. It is a meta-program of life, just like universal gravity in nature. It profoundly influences how we look, feel, think, and act. If we want a computer to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have primitive instincts. In this paper, we will review the recent work in this area, the building blocks for the instinctive operating system, and potential applications. The paper proposes a 'bottom-up' approach that is focused on human basic instincts: forage, vigilance, reproduction, intuition and learning. They are the machine codes in human operating systems, where high-level programs, such as social functions can override the low-level instinct. However, instinctive computing has been always a default operation. Instinctive computing is the foundation of Ambient Intelligence as well as Empathic Computing. It is an essential part of Human Computing.
The Emerging Role of Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants in Liver Transplantation

The evolving role of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) in the United States continues to progress. NP and PA responsibilities have expanded from primary care practices to medical and surgical specialties. They provide acute care in hospitals and intensive care units, and they serve as educators, lobbyists, and researchers. Questions have arisen from NP/PA leaders, physician leaders, and administrators on how to best implement a successful NP/PA model within their practice. This article reviews some common themes in the literature by looking at the current state of NP/PA practice, outlines some practice models established therein, and provides recommendations for implementing a successful NP/PA model in a liver transplant practice.
Displacement in Hippolytus’ Elenchos

Some 35 years ago Hermann Frankel, in a letter to Walther Kranz, pointed out that the (Stoic) comments on Heraclitus’ frgg. 64 and 66 DK, preserved in Hippolytus’ Elenchos 9. 10. 7 (pp. 243, 22–244, 1 Wendland), obviously do not correspond with the quotations from Heraclitus and that probably we have to do with a double displacement in the transmitted text of the Elenchos, namely:
Tonic and Phasic Decomposition of Skin Conductance Data: A Generalized-Cross-Validation-Based Block Coordinate Descent Approach

Salty sweat secretions in the epidermis change the skin’s electrical activity resulting in the measured skin conductance signal. While the relatively fast variation of skin conductance (i.e. phasic component) reflects sympathetic nervous system activity, the slow variation (i. e. tonic component) is related to thermoregulation and general arousal. To better understand the neural information encoded in a skin conductance signal, it is necessary to decompose it into its constituent components. We model the fast variations using a second order differential equation incorporating a sparse impulsive input to the model. Furthermore, we model the tonic component with several cubic basis spline functions. Finally, we develop a block coordinate descent approach for skin conductance signal decomposition by employing generalized-cross-validation for balancing between smoothness of the tonic component, the sparsity of the neural stimuli, and residual error. We analyze experimental and simulated data to validate the performance of the proposed approach. We successfully illustrate its ability to recover the neural stimuli, the underlying physiological system parameters, and both tonic and phasic components. In summary, we develop a novel approach for decomposition of phasic and tonic components of skin conductance signal using a generalized-cross-validation-based block coordinate descent approach. Recovering the underlying neural stimuli and the tonic component accurately could potentially improve cognitive-stress-related arousal states estimation for better stress regulation in mental health disorders.
The Importance of Professional Networks

In the introductory column by new column coeditors Amy Cooper Cary and Rosemary Pleva Flynn, the authors explain the goals and methodology for the column, and address the significance of profession...
Detection of mesial temporal lobe epileptiform discharges on intracranial electrodes using deep learning.

Abstract Objective Develop a high-performing algorithm to detect mesial temporal lobe (mTL) epileptiform discharges on intracranial electrode recordings. Methods An epileptologist annotated 13,959 epileptiform discharges from a dataset of intracranial EEG recordings from 46 epilepsy patients. Using this dataset, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize mTL epileptiform discharges from a single intracranial bipolar channel. The CNN outputs from multiple bipolar channel inputs were averaged to generate the final detector output. Algorithm performance was estimated using a nested 5-fold cross-validation. Results On the receiver-operating characteristic curve, our algorithm achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 and a partial AUC (for specificity > 0.9) of 0.981. AUC on a precision-recall curve was 0.807. A sensitivity of 84% was attained at a false positive rate of 1 per minute. 35.9% of the false positive detections corresponded to epileptiform discharges that were missed during expert annotation. Conclusions Using deep learning, we developed a high-performing, patient non-specific algorithm for detection of mTL epileptiform discharges on intracranial electrodes. Significance Our algorithm has many potential applications for understanding the impact of mTL epileptiform discharges in epilepsy and on cognition, and for developing therapies to specifically reduce mTL epileptiform activity.
Spontaneous Cell Fusions as a Mechanism of Parasexual Recombination in Tumor Cell Populations

Initiation and progression of cancers reflects underlying process of somatic evolution, which follows Darwinian logic, i.e., diversification of heritable phenotypes provides a substrate for natural selection, resulting in the outgrowth of the most fit subpopulations. Whereas somatic evolution can tap into multiple sources of diversification, it is assumed that it lacks access to (para)sexual recombination - one of the most powerful diversification mechanisms throughout all strata of life. Based on observations of spontaneous fusions involving cancer cells, reported genetic instability of polypoid cells, and precedence of fusion-mediated parasexual recombination in yeast, we set to interrogate whether cell fusions could serve as a source of parasexual recombination in cancer cell populations. Using differentially labelled tumor cells, we found evidence of low-frequency, spontaneous cell fusions in all of the tested breast cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. While some hybrids remained polyploid, many displayed ploidy reduction, generating diverse progeny with heterogeneous combinations of genetic and phenotypic traits of fusion parents. Hybrid cells also displayed elevated levels of phenotypic plasticity, which may further amplify the impact of cell fusions on the diversification of phenotypic traits. Using mathematical modeling, we demonstrated that observed rates of spontaneous somatic cell fusions may allow populations of tumor cells to explore larger areas of adaptive landscapes relative to strictly asexual populations, which may substantially accelerate tumor evolution.
Translation-Independent Roles of RNA Secondary Structures within the Replication Protein Coding Region of Turnip Crinkle Virus

RNA secondary structures play diverse roles in positive-sense (+) RNA virus infections, but those located with the replication protein coding sequence can be difficult to investigate. Structures that regulate the translation of replication proteins pose particular challenges, as their potential involvement in post-translational steps cannot be easily discerned independent of their roles in regulating translation. In the current study, we attempted to overcome these difficulties by providing viral replication proteins in trans. Specifically, we modified the plant-infecting turnip crinkle virus (TCV) into variants that are unable to translate one (p88) or both (p28 and p88) replication proteins, and complemented their replication with the corresponding replication protein(s) produced from separate, non-replicating constructs. This approach permitted us to re-examine the p28/p88 coding region for potential RNA elements needed for TCV replication. We found that, while more than a third of the p88 coding sequence could be deleted without substantially affecting viral RNA levels, two relatively small regions, known as RSE and IRE, were essential for robust accumulation of TCV genomic RNA, but not subgenomic RNAs. In particular, the RSE element, found previously to be required for regulating the translational read-through of p28 stop codon to produce p88, contained sub-elements needed for efficient replication of the TCV genome. Application of this new approach in other viruses could reveal novel RNA secondary structures vital for viral multiplication.
Parental involvement in organized after-school activities and adolescent motivational beliefs

This study examined the associations between parental involvement in adolescents’ organized after-school activities and adolescents’ motivational beliefs. Data were reported by 231 Mexican-origin a...
62. THE IMPACT OF A MULTI-MODAL RESIDENCY CURRICULUM TO PROVIDE RESIDENTS WITH DATA ON THEIR PRACTICE HABITS

Background The Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that residency programs regularly provide trainees with data on their practice habits (DOPH). Many programs including ours have struggled to deliver meaningful DOPH to trainees. Methods We created a DOPH curriculum following Kern's six-step approach and evaluated its impact using quality improvement methodology. We conducted a needs assessment, defined project goals, and convened a group of stakeholders representing the residents, residency program, GME office, and hospital. Interventions were implemented over two years (Figure 1) and were continuously assessed using plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles to evaluate curriculum impact on 2 levels of Kirkpatrick's framework. Behavior change process measures selected were provision of individualized and group resident DOPH data. The high stakes outcome measure of ACGME resident survey DOPH rating was evaluated annually. Results Following a needs assessment, the interventions chosen were providing: 1) individualized resident reports in inpatient and outpatient settings (note productivity, diagnoses seen, developmental and depression screening), 2) group reports in inpatient and outpatient settings (residency and hospital-wide data), and 3) consistent DOPH messaging. Educational strategies for content sharing included housestaff meetings, semiannual reviews, email, and newsletters. By fall 2019, 99% of residents were provided individualized data on note productivity and diagnoses seen and 94% were provided ambulatory data on developmental and depression screening rates. During 2018-2019, group DOPH was presented in > 16 housestaff meetings. ACGME resident survey DOPH scores by year were 2.1 (2016), 1.8 (2017), 2.4 (2018), and 4.9 (2019). Conclusion We successfully created a DOPH curriculum incorporating individualized and group data in both inpatient and outpatient settings. These interventions yielded a substantial increase in the ACGME resident survey DOPH rating. We recommend a multi-modal educational strategy for programs seeking ways to provide DOPH.
A laboratory module that explores RNA interference and codon optimization through fluorescence microscopy using Caenorhabditis elegans

Authentic research experiences are beneficial to students allowing them to gain laboratory and problem-solving skills as well as foundational research skills in a team-based setting. We designed a laboratory module to provide an authentic research experience to stimulate curiosity, introduce students to experimental techniques, and promote higher-order thinking. In this laboratory module, students learn about RNA interference (RNAi) and codon optimization using the research organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Students are given the opportunity to perform a commonly used method of gene downregulation in C. elegans where they visualize gene depletion using fluorescence microscopy and quantify the efficacy of depletion using quantitative image analysis. The module presented here educates students on how to report their results and findings by generating publication quality figures and figure legends. The activities outlined exemplify ways by which students can acquire the critical thinking, data interpretation, and technical skills, which are beneficial for future laboratory classes, independent inquiry-based research projects and careers in the life sciences and beyond.
What if … ? Exploring thought experiments and non-rehearsing teachers’ development of adaptive expertise in rehearsal debriefs

Abstract Recent critiques of practice-based teacher education raise concerns about reducing pedagogy to acontextual procedures and decentering teacher reasoning. Building on our model of non-rehearsing teachers’ development of adaptive expertise in rehearsal debriefs, we examine thought experiments as a mechanism for pedagogical reasoning and resisting prescription. Non-rehearsing teachers’ thought experiments were characterized by discussions of what could have happened or might happen under different conditions or contexts. We examine four interrelated types of thought experiments and consider the role of position. Results suggest that thought experiments function as bridges between the simplification of rehearsals and the complexity of practice in context.
Mortality of light brown apple moth egg masses in coastal California: Impact of resident Trichogramma parasitism and predation

Abstract Egg mortality of light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), was studied during the early years of its discovery and establishment in California from 2008 to 11. Sentinel egg cards were used to quantify mortality by parasitoids and predators at an intensively monitored location in Santa Cruz to reveal seasonality, and at other sites in Santa Cruz and San Francisco to measure spatial variation and parasitoid species composition. In addition to egg mortality, egg mass use efficiency by Trichogramma parasitoids was also examined under field conditions. The egg parasitoids primarily consisted of three Trichogramma species, T. deion, T. fasciatum and T. platneri. Previously unknown to California, T. fasciatum was shown to displace the indigenous T. platneri over a two-year period as the predominant egg parasitoid attacking LBAM egg masses. Based on the number of parasitized eggs per sentinel egg card, it is argued that individual females of at least some Trichogramma species have the capacity to oviposit more than 50 eggs in the egg mass of a host, warranting further studies to document the egg mass use efficiency and oviposition traits of other trichogrammatids under field conditions. Although egg parasitism was limited to causing elevated mortality during the summer and fall only, egg predation occurred more consistently throughout the year and is likely to be of considerable significance in suppressing LBAM populations in California. Combined with the use of a Type II survivorship curve, the importance of using a temperature-dependent physiological time scale to quantify egg mortality is illustrated when sentinel hosts are exposed to natural enemies in the field for less than the entire duration of the ‘window of susceptibility’ to parasitism and predation.
LPWAN and Embedded Machine Learning as Enablers for the Next Generation of Wearable Devices

The penetration of wearable devices in our daily lives is unstoppable. Although they are very popular, so far, these elements provide a limited range of services that are mostly focused on monitoring tasks such as fitness, activity, or health tracking. Besides, given their hardware and power constraints, wearable units are dependent on a master device, e.g., a smartphone, to make decisions or send the collected data to the cloud. However, a new wave of both communication and artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies fuels the evolution of wearables to an upper level. Concretely, they are the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) and tiny machine-learning (TinyML) technologies. This paper reviews and discusses these solutions, and explores the major implications and challenges of this technological transformation. Finally, the results of an experimental study are presented, analyzing (i) the long-range connectivity gained by a wearable device in a university campus scenario, thanks to the integration of LPWAN communications, and (ii) how complex the intelligence embedded in this wearable unit can be. This study shows the interesting characteristics brought by these state-of-the-art paradigms, concluding that a wide variety of novel services and applications will be supported by the next generation of wearables.
Replaced: Andalucía, national belonging, and Jewishness in Lorca’s Los títeres de Cachiporra

Federico Garcia Lorca’s fascination with the cristobicas, a traditional Andalusian puppet show, led him to write and stage a number of these plays from early on in his career. Scholars of Lorca’s g...
Device Design and System Integration of a Two-Axis Water-immersible Micro Scanning Mirror (WIMSM) to Enable Dual-modal Optical and Acoustic Communication and Ranging for Underwater Vehicles

To address the communication and ranging challenges caused by underwater environment, we design dual modal devices for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The dual-modal design builds upon a co-axial ultrasonic and green laser beams which leverage different signal diverging patterns and different responses in the underwater environment by each modality to achieve robust adaptability. Here we report our recent progress in improving scanning and aiming capabilities for dual-modal beam steering. The core part is our Two-Axis Water-immersible Micro Scanning Mirror (WIMSM). We improve hinge design of WIMSM for larger scanning range. We incorporate high speed Hall effect sensor-based pose feedback channel to enable closed-loop scanning and aiming control. We design ultrasonic-assisted laser handshaking method to help AUVs to acquire optical underwater communication. We have prototyped our devices and tested them in a water tank. The initial results are promising.
DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation analysis using a high throughput and low bias direct injection mass spectrometry platform

Abstract DNA modifications are small covalent chemical groups that modify nucleotides to regulate DNA readout. Anomalous abundance and genome-wide localization of these modifications can negatively tune gene expression and propagate into unbalanced epigenetics regulation, which is known to be associated with multiple conditions such as cancer, diabetes and aging. We present a direct injection mass spectrometry (DI-MS) platform that offers fast, accurate and precise quantitation of global levels of DNA cytidine methylation (mC) and hydroxymethylation (hmC) in less than one minute per sample. On the contrary to most methods adopting mass spectrometry for the analysis of nucleotide modifications, in this DI-MS approach we eliminate the use of liquid chromatography, increasing throughput, eliminating issues of carryover and batch effects caused by column contamination across samples. In addition, potential biases in detection efficiency of modified nucleotides with different binding efficiency to stationary phases is eliminated, as no chromatographic separation is adopted. This method can analyze >1,000 samples per day, overcoming the throughput of next-generation sequencing. • Direct injection mass spectrometry improves throughput and precision compared to liquid chromatography. • Direct injection can be used to quantify in less than one minute global levels of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. • The unbiased acquisition can be potentially utilized to analyze other nucleotide modifications.
Judicial Review and the Athenian 'Constitution'

This paper examines the judicial procedures for reviewing legislation in classical Athens and argues that we can discern from these sources a coherent theory of the Athenian “Constitution.” I argue that prosecutors consistently attempted to depict the challenged statute as a threat to the basic democratic legislative or adjudicative process. This suggests that the legal review of statutes was understood as a means of preserving popular decision making structures rather than enforcing substantive values. From a modern perspective, classical Athens offers an interesting alternative model of a highly democratic form of “judicial review” in which constitutional precommitments were limited and constitutional challenges were adjudicated by large juries of ordinary citizens. Far from taking issues out of the realm of popular decision making, judicial review in Athens was quite limited in scope and focused on preserving the key democratic political values: the citizenry’s lawmaking power, and the jury’s wide power to adjudicate disputes.
Abstract MP59: Revisiting Heritability Accounting For Common Environmental Effects And Maternal Inheritance

Background: Heritability measures the proportion of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic factors. Reliable heritability estimates are used to determine the necessary sample size and power for subsequent genetic studies of susceptibility genes. In addition to a shared nuclear genetic component, common environmental factors and maternal or mitochondrial inheritance may have strong effects on some phenotypes. Failure to account for necessary variance components may give rise to biased heritability estimates. Aims: Our primary goal was to investigate how heritability estimates are biased in the presence of common environmental or/and maternal effects. The second goal was to estimate mitochondrial inheritance for a number of common phenotypes. Methods: We employed variance component methods to account for additional variance components using both simulated and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) pedigree data to revisit heritability estimates in the presence of common environmental and maternal effects. Resul...
Trenwalla: A Call for Rationalizing Fiduciary Duties to Creditors in Delaware

In 2007, the Delaware Supreme Court considers two cases: North American Catholic Educational Programming Foundation, Inc. v. Gheewalla and Trenwick America Litigation Trust v. Ernst and Young, et al., both involving fiduciary duties to creditors. Not since Bovay v. H.M. Byllesby & Co., a 1944 corporate insolvency case decided upon the historical trust fund doctrine, has the Delaware Supreme Court had the opportunity to reexamine the state of Delaware case law on directorial duties to creditors at insolvency or the "vicinity of insolvency." On May 18, 2007, the Court held that "individual creditors of an insolvent corporation have no right to assert [direct] claims for breach of fiduciary duty against corporate directors." Given that these issues are equally applicable to direct or derivative fiduciary duties to creditors, will the Delaware Supreme Court will take the opportunity presented in Trenwick to eliminate the troublesome fiduciary derivative duty to creditors in favor of more rational, creditor-particular remedies. The Delaware Supreme Court stands at a divide and thus should adopt a rational approach to the law of creditor rights by eliminating all derivative fiduciary duties in whatever context. This rational approach is dictated by: 1) the need for corporate management to be able to "engage in vigorous and good faith" negotiations with creditors in or near insolvency; 2) creditors' inability to meet the exacting legal standards required to bring a derivative suit; 3) the unfair exposure that advisors to corporate directors suffer under the Delaware regime after Gheewalla; and 4) the lack of rationality of the present day "duty to creditors" to its historical underpinnings (the trust fund doctrine) which required unjust enrichment of corporate management at the expense of the corporate enterprise.
Opioid risk assessment in palliative medicine.

Introduction: Pain management with opioids is a fundamental element of palliative medicine. Since the risks of chronic opioid therapy have emerged, a reassessment of these risks in the setting of palliative care is warranted.Areas covered: This article presents information about opioid-related risks including i) sedation, cognitive impairment and falls; ii) constipation; iii) addiction to opioids and associated aberrant behavior; and iv) death due to respiratory depression. For this article, the medical literature was searched using PubMed and Web of Science for appropriate terms including ‘palliative care’ and ‘opioid risk.’ Medical subject headings were used to identify suitable articles including ‘Analgesics, Opioid’, ‘Pain/drug therapy,’ ‘Palliative Care’ and ‘Hospice Care.’ Further sources were identified by following cross-references within the literature and with the help of the University of Washington library staff.Expert opinion: Palliation of severe pain at the end of life is probably the most ...
Self‐assessment methods in writing instruction: a conceptual framework, successful practices and essential strategies

Student writing achievement is essential to lifelong learner success, but supporting writing can be challenging for teachers. Several large-scale analyses of publications on writing have called for further study of instructional methods, as the current literature does not sufficiently address the need to support best teaching practices. Self-assessment methods in writing instruction present meaningful ways to promote student writing achievement through reflection and meta-cognition during the writing process. Self-assessment practices are described in publications across the academic disciplines where writing is required, and close investigations of the methods are also published in the research fields of literacy, English education and composition. This study aims to bridge these fields to construct a clear and comprehensive understanding of self-assessment methods. Self-assessment encompasses a wide range of practices and varied terminology. It is essential to clarify effective methods of self-assessment and to disseminate practical information to educators. This paper presents the findings of an analysis of the literature yielding: (1) a theoretical framework for self-assessment methods in writing instruction; (2) an overview of concepts/practices; (3) a list of literature-supported strategies for effective classroom use derived from a study of a vast body of literature. Results strongly support self-assessment as a means to foster student writing achievement, middle school through higher education. Delineated strategies can assist instructors with self-assessment implementation.
Extracting knowledge from case databases

The FGP machine is a software architecture that uses similarity-based reminding to make the domain knowledge contained in the data explicit, and then brings that knowledge to bear on information retrieval and machine learning tasks. The FGP machine's goal is to use the cases themselves to drive the system. The system should reason on the basis of specific cases and groups of cases, and should therefore be able to cite specific precedents (including precedents that are themselves incompletely understood), to modify its behavior on the basis of every new information-providing transaction, and to subsume the functions of a conventional information-retrieval system. The author explains the model, and then presents test results for a prototype implementation on a diagnosis task. >
Helminth genome projects: all or nothing

Genomes of parasites that infect humans are beingsequenced at a growing pace. Thanks to collaborative effortsand strong funding, the whole genomes of several proto-zoans have been sequenced, with Plasrrwdium spp., trypa-nosomes and Leishmania major leading the field [Box l(i)].ln fact, the genome sequences of all protozoan parasites thatcause the most serious infections in humans will becompleted soon. It is hoped that these sequences, combinedwith functional genomics, will reveal novel drugtargets, andopen new and exciting lines ofbasic and applied research.