cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A benchmark package for sparse matrix computations

We examine the problem of evaluating performance of supercomputer architectures on sparse (matrix) computations and lay out the details of a benchmark package for this problem. Whereas there already exists a number of benchmark packages for scientific computations, such as the Livermore Loops, the Linpack benchmark and the Los Alamos benchmark, none of these deals with the specific nature of sparse computations. Sparse matrix techniques are characterized by the relatively small number of operations per data element and the irregularity of the computation. Both facts may significantly increase the overhead time due to memory traffic. For this reason, the performance evaluation of sparse computations should not only take into account the CPU performance but also the degradation of performance caused by high memory traffic. Furthermore, sparse matrix techniques comprise a variety of different types of basic computations. Taking these considerations into account we propose a benchmark package that consists of several independent modules, each of which has a distinct role.
The history of the ophthalmoscope.

If one were living in 1849 and suffered a central retinal artery occlusion and were examined by the most eminent ophthalmologist of the day, the only diagnosis could be amaurosis or amblyopia. Why? Because visualization of the retina in vivo was still one year away.
Linear and multidimensional scaling

]rechner’s work [12] was motivated by an interest in the mind-body problem concentrating particularly upon the question, "What is the relationship between the measurable characteristics of the physical stimulation and the subjective characteristics of the sensations produced?" Some of Fechner’s work was devoted to experiments in areas where the physical measurements that can be made on the object are not functionally related to the psychological characteristics.
Development of an Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor Burning a Variety of Coal-Derived Low Btu Fuels and Distillate

An industrial gas turbine combustor has been developed which is capable of operating over the gas turbine load range on a variety of coal-derived low Btu gases as well as No. 2 distillate fuel. At gas turbine cycle conditions using simulated coal-derived low Btu gas, CO emissions and combustor blowout characteristics are comparable to those obtained with current product line combustors burning No. 2 distillate. The results of laboratory single burner combustion tests with simulated low Btu gases, ranging in heating value from 809 to 1369 kcal/NM3 (91–154 Btu/scf), are described. Parametric studies were also conducted in which the moisture content of the fuel (at constant volumetric lower heating value) and heating value were varied. The results of these tests are compared with those obtained with a conventional constant cross-sectional area combustor and those of other investigators.Copyright © 1979 by ASME
Effects of Melatonin and Control Injections on Pineal Serotonin and Norepinephrine: Afternoon Injections Lower Serotonin Levels Thirty‐Six Percent at Light‐Dark Transition

Pineal weight and serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under controlled light:dark conditions (LD 14:10; lights on 0700-2100) and that received daily subcutaneous injections of either melatonin (20 micrograms in 0.1 ml per animal) or the same volume (0.1 ml) of vehicle alone, at one of two times (0800-0900 or 1800-1900). Animals were sacrificied at four times (1000, 1400, 2000, or 2300) on the day after the last of the 7 consecutive d of injection. Pineal glands were quickly weighed and then frozen for 5-HT and NE assay by the Maickel and Miller extraction and fluorescence methods. Pineal NE content showed differences related to time of day, in confirmation of early work. But no effects attributable specifically to melatonin were found. Melatonin also failed to affect pineal 5-HT content significantly. But injection of either melatonin or vehicle at 1800-1900 led to a reduction in 5-HT content averaging 36% when sampled at either 2000 or 2300, and in comparison with animals injected at 0800-0900. It is suggested that a stresslike or zeitgeberlike effect of injections within a critical period at the end of the daily light phase can cause an earlier-than-normal daily fall in pineal 5-HT content.
VENDOR SELECTION AND EVALUATION AN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING APPROACH

Abstract In this paper we propose an Activity Based Costing approach for vendor selection and evaluation. This system allows us to compute total costs caused by a supplier in a firm's production process, thereby increasing the objectivity in the selection process. We further show that for vendor evaluation purposes the difference between the budgeted and actual total vendor score can be decomposed in a purchaser effect, a supplier effect and a combined effect. We illustrate the Activity Based Costing approach with a case study.
Sequence estimation with run-length coding for VCSEL-based multimode fiber links

We demonstrate an electronic equalization technique using sequence estimation that can compensate severe intersymbol interference for run-length coded multimode VCSEL-based links.
Effect of oral dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats

Abstract Although carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is of concern as a drinking water contaminant, it has been necessary in most oral toxicity studies to give CCl 4 in an oil vehicle due to its limited water solbility. The primary objective of our study was to assess the influence of dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of CCl 4 . Fasted 200- to 230-g rats were generally found to be more susceptible to CCl 4 hepatotoxicity than fasted 300- to 330-g rats. A time-course study revealed that corn oil did not delay the onset or time of maximal liver injury by an oral 100 mg/kg dose of CCl 4 , but did reduce the extent of injury relative to that when the chemical was given undiluted or as an aqueous emulsion. Fasted 200- to 230-g male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 mg CCl 4 /kg body wt by gavage: in corn oil; as an aqueous emulsion; as the undiluted chemical; and in the 10 and 25 mg/kg doses only, in water. Blood and liver samples were taken 24 hr after dosing for measurement of serum and microsomal enzymes. Pathological examination of liver samples was also conducted. Dose-dependent increases in serum enzyme levels and pathological changes and dose-dependent decreases in microsomal P450 and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were observed in each vehicle group. Both the 10 and 25 mg/kg oral doses of CCl 4 in water caused significant elevations in serum enzymes and hepatic centrolobular vacuolation. The study revealed that acute hepatotoxicity was less pronounced at each dosage level in rats given CCl 4 in corn oil than in other vehicle groups. These findings demonstrate that dosing vehicles can significantly influence the acute hepatotoxicity of CCl 4 in rats and are a cause for additional consideration and review of the practice of routinely using vegetable oils as a diluent in studies of volatile organic compound (VOC) toxicity. The use of aqueous Emulphor emulsions appears more appropriate in acute toxicity studies of VOC drinking water contaminants such as CCl 4 , in that the emulsion did not substantially alter the toxicity of CCl 4 from that of undiluted CCl 4 or CCl 4 ingested in water.
Nonsurgical therapy for stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer

For patients who have stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgical resection, nonsurgical treatment modalities have been used with curative intent. Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy has been the mainstay of nonsurgical therapy; however, advances in technology and the clinical application of radiobiologic principles have allowed more accurately targeted treatment that delivers higher effective doses to the tumor, while respecting the tolerance of surrounding normal tissues. This article discusses nonsurgical approaches to the treatment of early-stage NSCLC, including several promising techniques, such as radiation dose escalation, altered radiation fractionation, stereotactic radiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation.
Exploiting the origins of Ras mediated squamous cell carcinoma to develop novel therapeutic interventions

The small GTPase Ras is activated in a high proportion of human cancers. Attempts to clinically block Ras activity through pharmacological means has proven largely ineffective thus far. We employed an inducible mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to study the effect of Ras activation and show that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are a cell of origin for SCC, whereas their more restricted progeny cannot serve as cancer cells of origin and are refractory to Ras activation. We propose that by identifying the unique mechanisms by which HFSCs are mobilized to initiate Ras mediated tumorigenesis, the molecular process behind SCC can be more completely elucidated and context dependent activities for Ras more clearly defined. Here, we summarize our recent results and point to future experiments designed to create novel therapeutics by exploiting the differential sensitivities of various cells within the epidermis to Ras activation.
Amniotic fluid embolism: antepartum, intrapartum and demographic factors.

AbstractObjective: To describe the incidence, antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum risk factors, and mortality rate of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).Methods: We used 2001–2007 California health discharge data to identify cases of AFE by ICD-9 codes.Results: Of 3 556 567 deliveries during the time period, we identified 182 cases of AFE, resulting in a population incidence of 5.1 in 100 000. Twenty-four of the cases resulted in death, giving a case fatality rate of 13.2%. Non-Hispanic blacks had a higher than 2-fold odds of developing AFE. AFE increased significantly with maternal age, most significantly after age 39. Cardiac disease had a nearly 70-fold higher association with AFE, cerebrovascular disorders had a 25-fold higher association, while conditions such as eclampsia, renal disease, placenta previa and polyhydramnios had nearly 7- to 13-fold higher associations. Classical cesarean delivery, abruption placentae, dilation and curettage, and amnioinfusion were all procedures highly associated with A...
Cantilever Rod in Cross Wind

The nonlinear large deformation equations are formulated and solved by perturbation and numerical integration. The problem is governed by a nondimensional parameter K representing the relative importance of aerodynamic drag to flexural rigidity. For large K, phenomena such as nonuniqueness, instability, and hysteresis may occur
THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN PANNENBERG'S THEOGICAL THINKING

. Employing categories derived from the philosopher of science Imre Lakatos, this essay analyzes the theological thought of Wolfhart Pannenberg, with the aim of showing that he is engaged in a research program that takes seriously the various sciences and their understanding of the world on the one hand and the traditions of Christian faith and theology on the other. The course of the argument demonstrates that Pannenberg's thought extends comprehensively to provide a conceptuality that centers on the phenomena of contingency and field and encompasses nearly every realm of science and the breadth of biblical and theological traditions.
Dantrolene: Mechanisms of Neuroprotection and Possible Clinical Applications in the Neurointensive Care Unit

Calcium plays a central role in neuronal function and injury. Dantrolene, an inhibitor of the ryanodine receptor, inhibits intracellular calcium release from the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum. We review the available data of dantrolene as a potential neuroprotective agent and briefly summarize its other pharmacologic effects that may have potential applications for patients in the neurointensive care unit (NICU). Areas with the need for continued research are identified.
Force-Feedback-Enhanced Navigation for Interactive Visualization of Coronary Vessels

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one killer in the United States. Although it is well known that CHD mainly occurs due to blocked arteries, there are contradictory results from studies designed to identify basic causes for this common disease is. To find out more about the true reason for CHD, virtual models can be employed to better understand the way the heart functions. With such a model, scientists and surgeons are able to analyze the effects of different treatment options, and ultimately find more suited ways to prevent coronary heart diseases. To investigate a given model, appropriate navigation methods are required, including suitable input devices. For the visualization, graphics cards originally designed for gaming applications are used; so, it is a just natural transition to adapt gaming input devices to a visualization system for controlling of the navigation. These devices are usually well designed with respect to ergonomics and durability, yielding more degrees of freedom in steering than two-dimensional input devices, such as desktop mice. This poster describes a visualization system that provides the user with advanced control devices for navigation enabling interactive exploration of the model. Force-feedback and sound effects provide additional cues.
A Comprehensive Study of Residual Stresses in a Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Butt Joint

Thermally induced residual stresses due to welding can significantly impair the performance and reliability of welded structures. Existing research has ignored the effect of fluid flow in the weld pool on the temperature field of the welded joint. Hence, for a more accurate estimation of the thermally induced residual stresses it is desired to incorporate the weld pool dynamics into the analysis. Various welding parameters (like, welding speed, current, arc length, surfactant activity, plasma drag etc.) influence the weld pool dynamics, which in turn affect the thermal history of the workpiece. Such integration would help in better quantification of thermal stress evolution and residual stress distribution in the welded joint. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model for the thermo-mechanical analysis of Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welding of a butt joint of thin stainless steel plates has been developed. The effects of welding parameters on the residual stress distribution are documented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The impact of Hurricane Diana on the North Carolina continental shelf

Abstract Intense storms, including hurricanes, are believed to have an important impact upon the biota and sediment cover on the continental shelf. Hurricane Diana crossed Onslow Bay, North Carolina, during September 1984 and provided an opportunity to examine its effect on the sea floor. An area in the bay transited by the hurricane had been surveyed previously by side-scan sonar, 3.5 kHz echosounding, and underwater television. We re-surveyed the area in November 1984 with the same techniques and collected box cores for sedimentary structure analysis. The post-hurricane survey yielded no unequivocal evidence of hurricane impact on the sea floor and, surprisingly, showed an abundance of seemingly delicate benthic organisms thriving on the impacted area. Sedimentary structures in the box cores included rip-up clasts and cross-laminations that are indicative of a dynamic sedimentary environment, but they could have formed during non-hurricane storm conditions. The lack of a dramatic signature on the sea floor from Hurricane Diana is attributed to the low sediment influx and frequent occurrence of intense storms on the North Carolina shelf. These factors result in an “armored” depositional environment that shows little response to the passage of each successive storm.
Retention and Passage of Calcium and Strontium in Stems of Phaseolus vulgaris as Mediated by Xylem Stream Flow Rate and Dinitrophenol

The influence of the stem on delivery of Ca Sr to the plant top was studied by noting the extent to which the stem interfered with through passage of these elements. Tagged Ca Sr solutions were forced through bean stem sections, and solute which completed passage to the exudate was considered indicative of the nutrition normally available to the plant top. Tests were conducted over two widely different xylem stream flow rates, and with or without the addition of dinitrophenol to the source solution. Approximately identical amounts of cation were introduced into the stem for all test situations. In all cases, the stem retained the bulk of introduced cation and allowed only a fraction (ca 25 percent) to complete passage to the exudate. Within this pattern, less stem retention and greater through passage occurred at the high (versus the low) stream flow rate, and also where dinitrophenol was present in the source solution. In all cases, the stem preferentially retained Sr over Ca so that the exudate was relatively dilute in Sr. Such discrimination was less at the high (versus the low) stream flow rate. It was enhanced by the presence of dinitrophenol.
Research in near-ring theory using a digital computer

In this paper we wish to show how the computer has played a valuable role in research in the theory of near-rings. Basically, the author has used the computer to generate examples of near-rings to be applied for meaningful conjectures and counter-examples.
Dynamics of Buried Pipelines

Abstract Estimation of peak stresses in buried pipelines due to ground shaking is studied in this paper. Particular attention has been focused on the analysis of the stiffnesses of springs replacing the surrounding ground. It is shown here that these stiffnesses are functions of the wavelengths and frequencies of the seismic disturbance. They also depend nontrivially on the rigidity and the Poisson's ratio of the surrounding ground. NUmerical results for the stiffnesses are presented graphically showing these dependencies. Numerical results are also presented for the maximum axial and hoop stresses induced in a pipeline due to moving and fixed axial and transverse loads. It is found that these depend primarily on the ratio (M) of the rigidities of the ground and the pipe. The stress amplitudes increase as M decreases. For axial load the axial stress is found to be l arger than the hoop stress. But for the transverse load, it is found that when M is small the hoop stress is larger than the axial stress. This behaviour reverses for large M.
Jaundice following therapy with imipramine and cyproheptadine.

(1971). Jaundice following Therapy with Imipramine and Cyproheptadine. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 47-53.
Woman with right lower quadrant mass and abdominal pain.

220 were within normal limits, except for a heart rate of 119 beats/min. Physical examination elicited tenderness to palpation in the right lower quadrant with guarding. There was an absence of referred pain or rebound tenderness. Laboratory studies were significant for a white blood cell count of 19.2/mL. An ED bedside ultrasound of the right lower quadrant revealed a complex mass with a nonuniform pattern of internal echoes. The appendix could not be visualized. A formal transvaginal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a complex cystic mass
Alternative mating type configurations (a/α versus a/a or α/α) of Candida albicans result in alternative biofilms regulated by different pathways.

Similar multicellular structures can evolve within the same organism that may have different evolutionary histories, be controlled by different regulatory pathways, and play similar but nonidentical roles. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, a quite extraordinary example of this has occurred. Depending upon the configuration of the mating type locus (a/α versus a/a or α/α), C. albicans forms alternative biofilms that appear similar morphologically, but exhibit dramatically different characteristics and are regulated by distinctly different signal transduction pathways. Biofilms formed by a/α cells are impermeable to molecules in the size range of 300 Da to 140 kDa, are poorly penetrated by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and are resistant to antifungals. In contrast, a/a or α/α biofilms are permeable to molecules in this size range, are readily penetrated by PMNs, and are susceptible to antifungals. By mutational analyses, a/α biofilms are demonstrated to be regulated by the Ras1/cAMP pathway that includes Ras1→Cdc35→cAMP(Pde2—|)→Tpk2(Tpk1)→Efg1→Tec1→Bcr1, and a/a biofilms by the MAP kinase pathway that includes Mfα→Ste2→ (Ste4, Ste18, Cag1)→Ste11→Hst7→Cek2(Cek1)→Tec1. These observations suggest the hypothesis that while the upstream portion of the newly evolved pathway regulating a/a and α/α cell biofilms was derived intact from the upstream portion of the conserved pheromone-regulated pathway for mating, the downstream portion was derived through modification of the downstream portion of the conserved pathway for a/α biofilm formation. C. albicans therefore forms two alternative biofilms depending upon mating configuration.
East Asian financial regionalism: why economic enhancements undermine political sustainability

East Asian financial regionalism was born in response to the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997–1998. The centrepiece of financial regionalism was the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI), an emergency liquidity mechanism created by the ASEAN+3. It embodied both a clear interpretation of what had gone wrong in 1997–1998 and an understanding of the need for institutions that would be politically viable despite Sino-Japanese rivalry. Enforcement under CMI relied on the ‘IMF link’ – release of funds would be predicated on crisis countries' initiating negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as a means of reducing moral hazard, enforcing conditionality and diverting blame from the leading creditors, Japan and China. The global financial crisis of 2008–2010 and the eurozone crisis that followed have inspired important changes meant to address CMI's economic gaps, including accelerated adoption of ‘CMI Multilateralization’ (CMIM), the creation of a new surveillance unit (ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Organi...
Multijunction thermal converters as the NBS primary AC-DC transfer standards for AC current and voltage measurements

A set of multijunction thermal converters (MJTC's) has been established as the NBS primary ac-dc transfer standard for ac current and voltage measurements. This choice is based upon the advantages of the MJTC's, the development of an improved EMF comparator, an extensive series of intercomparisons, and numerous supporting investigations.
Noun phrase interpretation and conceptual combination

Abstract Four experiments investigated the process by which people understand adjective-noun and noun-noun phrases in order to evaluate competing models of concept representation and conceptual combination. In three experiments, subjects judged whether noun phrases (NPs) were sensible. The results showed that when modifiers were conceptually complex (nouns and nonpredicating adjectives), the NPs took longer to interpret than when simpler modifiers (predicating adjectives) were used. Also, when an adjective modified part of a noun's schema, it was understood more quickly than when it modified nonschematic aspects of the noun. The results were interpreted as supporting a schema-modification view of comprehending NPs. A final experiment investigated this view by measuring the reading times of sentences containing NPs. The results showed that when the context activated relevant conceptual structures, all NPs were equally easy to comprehend, as predicted by the schema modification view. Without a helpful context, noun-noun phrases were considerably slower than adjective-noun phrases.
Applicability of the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines to Hospitalized Adolescents

Administration of the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines to 14 adolescent girls showed that the 10 who had chart diagnoses of Borderline Personality Disorder or such features earned significantly higher scores than the 4 nonborderline adolescents. The small sample warrants replication but results suggest the interview seems appropriate in research with adolescent girls.
Anomalous right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery: a report of 7 cases and a review of the literature.

Objective To determine the experience with anomalous right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) at our institution. Background Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital defect affecting 0.002% of the population. Unlike anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), ARCAPA generally has not been considered to be a lethal defect in infancy or childhood, although case reports of sudden death exist. The natural history of ARCAPA is difficult to describe because of the relatively small number of cases reported. Medical knowledge of this defect has been collected from case reports alone. No pediatric series of ARCAPA has been published. Methods Hospital databases were retrospectively searched for cases of ARCAPA diagnosed at the New York Presbyterian Hospital over the past 25 years. A comprehensive literature search for case reports of ARCAPA was performed. Results Seven pediatric cases are described. The cases range in clinical presentation from a young infant with tetralogy of Fallot to an adolescent with chest pain on exertion. Only 1 patient came to medical attention because of chest pain; 6 patients were asymptomatic. In these 6, ARCAPA was diagnosed upon evaluation of either a murmur (3) or associated congenital heart disease (3). All 7 patients have undergone repair. One patient died after repair of complex tetralogy of Fallot/pulmonary atresia. One patient developed a thrombus in the dilated right coronary artery years after repair. The thrombus resolved with anticoagulation. Conclusions Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is an uncommon coronary anomaly that, unlike ALCAPA, rarely leads to sudden death. Surgical correction is low risk and should be considered for all patients.
A study of forelimb movements evoked by intracortical microstimulation after hemicerebellectomy in newborn, young and adult rats.

Abstract Microstimulation of the cerebral motor cortex in normal adult rats evokes low-threshold contralateral and high-threshold ipsilateral forelimb movements. The present study examined the effects of hemicerebellar ablation at different postnatal ages on the current threshold values needed to evoke forelimb movements by intracortical stimulation. Animals that received hemicerebellar lesions at various ages were electrophysiologically tested 4–6 months postoperatively. In all groups, including non-lesion control animals, forelimb movements contralateral to the stimulating electrode were evoked at threshold values of 7–11 μA. Ipsilateral forelimb movements for control animals as well as those receiving cerebellar lesions at 45 or 120 days of age showed significantly higher mean threshold current values, ranging from 38 to 45 μA. In contrast, the mean threshold current values for ipsilateral forelimb movements in adult animals sustaining hemicerebellar lesions at 2, 10 or 21 days of age were significantly lowered, ranging from 16 to 22 μA. Secondary lesions of spared cerebellar tissue or callosal fibers in adult animals that had sustained hemicerebellectomy at two days of age had no effect on the current intensities needed to evoke forelimb responses. In comparison, lesions of the cerebral cortex contralateral to the stimulated cortex increased the threshold for ipsilateral movements and medullary pyramidal lesions ipsilateral to the stimulated cortex both reduced the number of responses and increased the threshold current intensities needed to evoke them. These data indicate that hemicerebellectomy within 3 weeks of age can induce electrophysiological alterations in the responses mediated by the corticospinal tract. These results support previous suggestions of the cerebral cortical involvement in compensation for neonatal cerebellar lesions.
Applications of FTIR in identification of foreign materials for biopharmaceutical clinical manufacturing

Over the last two decades, the number of biopharmaceutical drug candidates entering clinical trials to treat various diseases has dramatically increased. During the manufacturing process of clinical drug candidates, foreign materials may be introduced into biopharmaceutical products and result in non-conformance incidents. The foreign materials could be accidentally brought in from raw materials, manufacturing equipment, manufacturing process or deviations introduced by contract manufacturers. All these potential sources could end up contributing to contaminants in the final product. The purpose of forensic analysis is to identify the foreign materials and find their root causes. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy plays a key role in forensic analysis by providing information on the functional groups present. Furthermore, unknown materials could be identified by comparing their spectra with library standard spectra since almost every molecule has unique FTIR spectrum. Other microscopic techniques including Light Microscopy and SEM/EDS provide complementary information. Three cases where contaminants in the manufacturing facilities required forensic investigations are presented to illustrate the special challenges in application of FTIR for clinical manufacturing of biotherapeutics. The forensic identification results assisted engineers in finding the root causes and implementing corrective and preventative actions.
Expression and regulation of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene in non-permissive cells

The expression and regulation of the vaccinia virus (VV) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was examined in two non-permissive cell lines, CHO and MDBK, which restrict VV development at different stages of the viral replication cycle. The VV tk gene was expressed in these two cell lines with kinetics similar to a fully permissive cell line BSC40. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of tk mRNA translation by another viral early gene product is a normal component of the overall strategy employed to express and regulate the VV tk gene during a productive infection.
Generative Textiles for Non-Rotary Power Production From Wind

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) is developing a new class of flexible, generative textile as a novel means of sustainable wind energy generation. Flexible, generative carbon nanotube (CNT)-based textiles may have excellent potential for electrical capacitive storage and reuse in conjunction with small-scale energy-harvesting systems, both from wind for fixed applications and from human locomotion.This paper describes the design and optimization of a three-layer generative textile composed of discrete layers for generation, distribution, and storage. Initial results suggest that improvement in the generation layer will provide the highest increase in overall performance. The output of the electromagnetic tests shows a power density of 0.17 mW/cm3. However, the efficiency can be significantly improved through increasing the voltage output of the generation layer from 20 mV to around 1V. In an analysis of the operational envelope, wind data collected locally at ERDC-CERL and at other sites around the world reveal close similarity in the probability distributions, which could allow for a practical engineering approach capable of harvesting the steady “ram” component in addition to a variable energy component of the wind. To further study the textile-wind interactions, a wind simulation environment is being developed and has been able to obtain reproducible wind speed data thus far.© 2012 ASME
Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid in man.

Abstract A precise and reliable method for the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid (VMA) is described. This method utilizes a radioactive tracer and ion exchange fractionation. Normal values for urinary excretion of VMA are reported for male and female volunteer subjects.
Preparation of the jaundiced patient for operation

Abstract The preparation of the jaundiced patient includes all of the precautionary and rehabilitative measures which should precede every major operation. In addition it should include measures directed toward a reduction of the hemocoagulation time and the bleeding time. The diet should be rich in carbohydrates and poor in proteins. The water balance should be regulated. In chronic cases blood chemistry studies should be made where there is indication of disturbance of renal function. Glucose should be administrated in adequate amounts. An isotonic, properly buffered solution in distilled water may be used intravenously or subcutaneously. Normal salt solution should be given in sufficient amounts to overcome the loss of salts by vomiting or diarrhoea. Blood transfusions are of definite value. The use of calcium salts intravenously is indicated. Vitamin deficiencies should be corrected by the administration of the fat soluble vitamins a and d and the water soluble vitamin c . Orally administered bile preparations are used to facilitate the absorption of the fat soluble vitamins.
Spot-Cooling by Confined, Impinging Synthetic Jet

Spot-cooling of discrete electronic packages mounted on a printed wiring board (PWB) is achieved by the impingement of an axisymmetric synthetic jet when the jet actuator is attached to one board and cools target integrated circuit (IC) on the opposite board. Present work demonstrates that even when the jet outflow is confined between two closely-spaced boards, the jet entrains ample volume flow rate of cooler ambient air, induces effective cooling by strong mixing near the heated surface, and ultimately dispenses the heated air to ambient. The cooling performance of the jet module is investigated experimentally in a scaled up model that enables high-resolution thermal and flow measurements. The test setup comprises of two circular parallel plates (D = 158.8mm) where one plate contains an integrated jet actuator and the opposite plate includes a target heater (dh = 86mm). The spacing between the plates is variable between D/12 and D/3. The flow within the gap is mapped using particle image velocimetry (PIV). It is found that confined jet impingement induces a countercurrent radial flow within the gap that includes a layer of cool ambient air entrained along the actuator plane and a layer of heated air that is dispensed along the target surface. Particle pathlines demonstrate significant mixing between the countercurrent streams and strong entrainment into the vortex rings that synthesize the jet. Heat transfer coefficient attains a local maximum away from the stagnation point that can be attributed to strong vorticity diffusion into the thermal boundary layer and enhanced mixing that accompanies the vortex ring impingement. Although the jet Reynolds number does not exceed 3300, the stagnation heat transfer coefficient is about 90 W/m2 K for H/D = 0.32.© 2003 ASME
Using cardiac phase to order reconstruction (CAPTOR): A method to improve diastolic images

A method is proposed to reconstruct multiphase images that accurately depicts the entire cardiac cycle. A segmented, gradient-recalled-echo sequence (FASTCARD) was modified to acquire data continuously. Images were reconstructed retrospectively by selecting views from each heartbeat based on cardiac phase rather than the time elapsed from the QRS complex. Cardiac phase was calculated using a model that compensates for beat-to-beat heart rate changes. Images collected using cardiac phase to order reconstruction (CAPTOR) depict the entire cardiac cycle and lack the temporal gap that is characteristic of prospectively reconstructed sequences. Time-volume curves of the left ventricle capture the contribution of atrial contraction to end-diastolic volume (EDV). Transmitral phase-contrast flow measurements show a second peak inflow (a wave) that is absent in the standard sequence. Because atrial contraction contributes to ventricular EDV, images using CAPTOR potentially may provide a more reliable measure of EDV, stroke volume, and ejection fraction than standard techniques.
The global thermodynamics of atmospheric motion

Global thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between the total mass, energy, and entropy of the atmosphere. The main result is an explicit, exact relation between the entropy, the kinetic energy, and the static entropic energy, a new form of static energy. The stability of atmospheric motions and the maintenance of the circulation are investigated with the total entropic energy (the sum of the kinetic and static entropic energies). The dynamical significance of Gibbs' concept of thermal equilibrium is that the total entropic energy decreases monotonically to zero in isolated atmospheres as a consequence of the Second Law. Furthermore, the generation of entropic energy is related specifically to the destruction of entropy by heating at high temperature relative to cooling at low temperature. An energy budget for zonal and eddy forms of entropic energy is constructed, and illustrates the catalytic effect for the general circulation of this destruction of entropy. Finally, the argument is reversed and a stability postulate is applied to the total entropic energy to infer the existence of an entropy function. The concept of entropic energy represents a new integral of the equations of atmospheric motion that combines the previous energy and entropy integrals into one statement, giving a mathematical version of the relations between entropy and motion. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb01599.x
Intervening on Conflict, Parental Bonds, and Sexual Risk Acts among Adolescent Children of Mothers Living with HIV

Objective: In 1993-1994, a psychosocial intervention conducted in New York City significantly improved outcomes for parents living with HIV and their adolescent children over six years. We examine if the intervention benefits are similar for adolescents of mothers living with HIV (MLH) in 2004-2005 in Los Angeles when MLH's survival had increased substantially. Methods: Adolescents of MLH in Los Angeles (N = 256) aged 12-20 years old were randomized with their MLH to either: 1) a standard care condition (n = 120 adolescent-MLH dyads); or 2) an intervention condition consisting of small group activities to build coping skills (n = 136 adolescent-MLH dyads, 78% attended the intervention). At 18 months, 94.7% of adolescents were reassessed. Longitudinal structural equation modeling examined if intervention participation impacted adolescents' relationships with parents and their sexual risk behaviors. Results: Compared to the standard care, adolescents in the intervention condition reported significantly more positive family bonds 18 months later. Greater participation by MLH predicted fewer family conflicts, and was indirectly associated with less adolescent sexual risk behavior at the 18 month follow-up assessment. Anticipated developmental patterns were observed - sexual risk acts increased with age. Reports were also consistent with anticipated gender roles; girls reported better bonds with their mothers at 18 months, compared to boys. Conclusions: Adolescents of MLH have better bonds with their mothers as a function of participating in a coping skills intervention and reduced sexual risk-taking as a function of MLH intervention involvement. © 2014 Rotheram-Borus et al.
Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—2005

This article reviews professional literature published in 2005 related to career counseling and career development. The literature is divided into 4 broad areas: professional issues, career theory and concepts, career interventions and practice, and career assessment and technology. The authors summarize and discuss the implications of the findings for career counseling practice and research.
Simulation architecture for virtual operating room training

The Virtual Operating Room (VOR) is an operating room training environment capable of supporting team training for surgical procedures. One of the challenges of creating such a team training environment is assembling a suitable team of participants for a training session. In the VOR, simulated agents may be substituted for actual participants. This provides the ability to conduct training sessions with a few or even one participant. In this paper, the VOR agent-based architecture is presented. The agent automaton in VOR interacts with others agents preset in the environment through specific inputs and outputs such as voice recognition, environment sensors, and equipment simulators. In the VOR simulation architecture, the primary components in the system such as voice recognition and rendering are decoupled and therefore allow for modular development and abstraction. The potential interactions between the simulated agents and the trainee(s) are based on an underlying scenario script. The script provides the potential sequence of steps, interchanges, branching (deviations) that may occur in the training.
General classical scaling of electron-loss cross sections in collisions of atoms with highly charged ions

With use of the classical concepts for electron capture and ionization, a general scaling relationship for the electron-loss cross section in collisions of atoms with highly charged ions is derived. The validity of the obtained formula is determined by the combined validity regions of the classical approximations for electron capture and ionization and covers a broad range of parameters in which most of present-day experiments are carried out. An analogous scaling formula for the ${\mathrm{H}}^{*}(n)$ + ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ electron-loss collisions is also derived.
A developmental analysis of differences in the uptake of [123I]isopropyliodoamphetamine versus 99mTc-pertechnetate by the choroid plexus and brain.

The uptake of intravascular [123I]isopropyliodoamphetamine (IMP) and99mTc-pertechnetate into choroid plexus (CP) and brain (frontal cortex) was studied by an indicator fractionation method applied to immature, ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (1.5, 2, and 3 wk). Assessment of the rate and extent of uptake of these indicators provides functional information (eg blood flow; transport) about various regions of the developing CNS. IMP uptake by lateral ventricle CP was 1.15 ml/g/min in 1.5-wk-old infant rats and gradually increased to 3.9 ml/g/min by adulthod (7–8 wk) (P<0.05); over the same postnatal period,99mTc uptake went from 2.82 to 3.18 ml/g/min. IMP uptake by cortex was 0.39 and 0.99 ml/g/min in infants and adults, respectively (P<0.05); however,99mTc uptake by cortex was only 0.07±0.01 ml/g/min at all ages, reflecting early development of blood-brain barrier (BBB) to pertechnetate. Overall, our findings indicated a progressive increase with age in the rate of uptake of IMP by CP and brain; and that99mTc penetration into CP was relatively constant and substantially greater than into cortex at all developmental stages. Thus the nature of uptake of IMP, relative to99mTc, was markedy different at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (i.e., CP) vs. the blood-brain barrier.
Staphylococcus epidermidis — wie ein Hautkeim zum Problem wird

Staphylococcus epidermidisist ein normaler Bestandteil unserer Hautflora, wird aber zum Problem bei der meist Biofilm-abhangigen Besiedlung von Kathetern und Implantaten.
Metaphors We Move By: Children's Developing Understanding of Metaphorical Motion in Typologically Distinct Languages

This paper examines comprehension of metaphorical motion (e.g., "time flies by") among 4- and 5-year-old children, who are learning English or Turkish as their native language. Results show both cross-linguistic similarities and differences. In both languages, children can understand metaphors embedded in stories by age 4, and provide verbal explanations for isolated instances of metaphors by age 5. Moreover, in both languages, changes in children's metaphorical ability are indexed by changes in their gestures. By age 4, children treat metaphorical concepts as physical objects and produce gestures that convey physical motion; whereas, by age 5, children begin to convey metaphorical meaning by producing gestures in spaces aligned with the target domain of the metaphor. Children also differ in their expression of metaphorical motion in the two languages; children learning English convey manner of motion more extensively than children learning Turkish. The findings underscore metaphor as an early emerging co...
Predicting the Effect of Drying on Supported Coimpregnation Catalysts

In this paper, a model was developed to describe the catalyst redistribution that occurs during drying of a coimpregnation catalyst. The model takes into account convective flow, catalyst and coimpregnant diffusion, adsorption on the support, and transport in the gas phase. For low catalyst adsorption capacity and low initial coimpregnant concentrations, the system behaves in a manner similar to systems without a coimpregnant. At higher coimpregnant concentration when the coimpregnant has the higher adsorption constant, the catalyst faces strong competition for adsorption sites at the external surface. It therefore migrates toward the center where free sites are available. If the catalyst has the higher adsorption constant, it adsorbs preferentially at the surface, and the coimpregnant hinders the back-diffusion of the catalyst. This can lead to rather sharp egg-shell profiles. Finally, we discuss how to develop a drying strategy that will lead to a desired catalyst profile.
Effects of the Introduction of Mississippi Silverside (Menidia audens) and Florida Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) on the Feeding Habits of Young-of-year Largemouth Bass in Clear Lake, California

Abstract Young-of-year largemouth bass in Clear Lake, California, switched from feeding largely on blue-gill (Lepomis macrochirus) to feeding largely on Mississippi silverside or on a mixture of prey species following the establishment of the silverside in the lake in 1967. Choice of prey, however, was influenced by relative abundance of the prey, the habitat occupied by the bass, time of day, and size of the bass. The bass usually switched to a predominantly fish diet at a smaller size when silversides were the main prey than when bluegill or Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus) were the main prey. The success of the introduction of small numbers of Florida largemouth bass into the lake in 1969-1971 was demonstrated by the presence of significant numbers of bass that could be classified as intergrades between Florida and northern largemouth bass (M.s. salmoides), the subspecies originally introduced into Clear Lake. No meaningful differences in the feeding habits or average lengths of the inter...
Extraction of substructural flexibility from global frequencies and mode shapes

A computational procedure for extracting substructure-by-substructure flexibility properties from global modal parameters is presented. The present procedure consists of two key features: an element-based direct flexibility method which uniquely determines the global flexibility without resorting to case-dependent redundancy selections; and, the projection of cinematically inadmissible modes that are contained in the iterated substructural matrices. The direct flexibility method is used as the basis of an inverse problem, whose goal is to determine substructural flexibilities given the global flexibility, geometrically-determined substructural rigid-body modes, and the local-to-global assembly operators. The resulting procedure, given accurate global flexibility, extracts the exact element-by-element substructural flexibilities for determinate structures. For indeterminate structures, the accuracy depends on the iteration tolerance limits. The procedure is illustrated using both simple and complex numerical examples, and appears to be effective for structural applications such as damage localization and finite element model reconciliation.