cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Do Law Students Want?: The Missing Piece of the Assessment Puzzle

Although a significant amount of attention has been devoted to critiquing law school assessment and proposing reforms to law school assessment, very little empirical research has been conducted regarding law students’ perspectives regarding assessment. As a result, existing examinations of and proposals to reform law school assessment are not informed by the views of those members of the law school community who are most affected by assessment: law students. The research reported in this Article starts to fill the gap in our knowledge regarding law students’ assessment preferences. This Article presents the results of the author’s empirical research project regarding law students’ assessment preferences, which collected survey data from two years of first-year law students, at both the beginning and the end of their first-year of law school.The Article discusses these results and their implications for law school assessment, particularly in light of recent calls to reform law school assessment. Especially in light of recent calls for law schools to integrate more summative and formative assessment into their pedagogy, one of the most important findings of the research is the drop in students’ preferences for multiple graded and ungraded assignments from the beginning to the end of the first year of law school.In addition, the present research suggests that the individual assessment preferences of law students do not exist in isolation but may be related both to one another and to other preferences and perspectives that students have regarding legal education. These packages of preferences and perspectives may define particular profiles of law students and help legal educators develop more effective methods of legal education.
Dynamics in Enzymes: Solution NMR Studies

Enzyme motions are essential for traversing the complex energy landscape of the reaction coordinate. These motions can be rate limiting to catalytic turnover, and off-pathway motions can drastically affect kinetic parameters such as kcat and KM. Insight into the role of motions in enzymatic function can be obtained with atomic resolution over an enormous timescale range from solution NMR relaxation experiments. These experiments can characterize the rates and populations of these equilibrium motions as well as provide an extraordinary view into the role of minor structural conformations in facilitating the enzyme reaction. Keywords: solution NMR; relaxation dispersion; Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill; enzyme motions; conformational changes
The Financial Literacy of Social Work Students

The financial literacy of social work students has become the focus of curriculum development and research, but no study to date has attempted to assess the financial knowledge possessed by social work students. This study addressed that gap by assessing the level of objective financial knowledge reported by social work student respondents (N = 1,506) to an Internet-based survey. Results indicated that the majority of social work student respondents scored more than 70% correct on a 48-item measure of financial literacy. Multiple regression analysis explained 33.7% of the variance and suggested that the dominant pathway to acquiring objective financial knowledge is through personal experience. Accordingly, financial education programs for social work students may be most appropriate for traditional undergraduates.
Intensity of Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

To the Editor: Dr Lee and colleagues found that at least 1 hour of recreational walking per week was associated with lower rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in healthy female professionals aged 45 years and older who participated in no other vigorous activity. 1 We are concerned that health professionals and the public could easily misinterpret the appealing take-home message of Lee et al that “no pain, no gain is passe ´” and assume that 1 h/wk of any walking is sufficient for reducing the risk of chronic disease. Because the cardiovascular benefits reported in the study by Lee et al occurred in minimally active women compared with women who do no activity at all, such benefits cannot be generalized to the population as a whole. We are especially concerned because the majority of US adults report they already walk at least 1 h/wk. During 19992000, we used a national random-digit dial survey to ask 7529 adults aged 18 years and older, “In a usual week, do you walk for at least 10 minutes at a time while at work, for recreation, exercise, to get to and from places or for any other reason?” Sixty-nine percent of both male and female respondents reported walking at least 60 min/wk (95% confidence interval, 67.8%-70.4%). Based on the main finding in the study by Lee et al, these respondents might erroneously conclude that there is little additional benefit to be obtained from further increasing their activity level.
Effect of Secretin and Cholecystokinin on the Transport of Electrolyte and Water in Human Jejunum

The effect of natural porcine secretin and cholecystokinin on the transport of electrolytes and water in human jejunum was studied in eight normal volunteers utilizing a triple lumen tube technique of perfusion. These hormones were observed to inhibit significantly (P
Imaging Patterns and Management Algorithms in Acute Stroke: An Update for the Emergency Radiologist

Neuroimaging plays a key role in the initial work-up of patients with symptoms of acute stroke. Understanding the advantages and limitations of available CT and MR imaging techniques and how to use them optimally in the emergency setting is crucial for accurately making the diagnosis of acute stroke and for rapidly determining appropriate treatment.
Embedding Haptics-Enabled Virtual Tools in CAD for Training Applications

This paper describes recent work completed to provide haptics-enabled virtual tools in a native CAD environment, such as CATIA V5™. This was a collaborative effort between Washington State University, Sandia National Laboratories, and Immersion Technologies. The intent was to start by utilizing Immersion’s Haptic Workstation™ hardware and supporting CATIA V5™ software at Sandia and leverage the existing work on virtual assembly done by the VRCIM laboratory at Washington State University (WSU). The key contribution of this paper is a unique capability to perform interactive assembly and disassembly simulations in a native Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment using tools such as allen and box-end wrenches with force feedback using a cyberforce™ and cybergrasp™. Equally important, it also contributes to the new trend in the integration of various commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) systems with specific user driven systems and solutions using component-based software design concepts. We discuss some of the key approaches and concepts including: different approaches to integrating the native CAD assembly data with the virtual environment constraints data; integration of the native CAD kinematics capability with the immersive environment; algorithms to dynamically organize the assembly constraints for use in manipulation with a virtual hand for assembly and disassembly simulations; and an event-callback mechanism in which different events and callback functions were designed and implemented to simulate different situations in the virtual environment. This integrated capability of haptic tools in a native CAD environment provides functionality beyond extracting data from a CAD model and using it in a virtual environment.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Gastrobronchial fistula as a complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

p Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has been eported to have a long-term complication rate requiring reopration of approximately 5% [1]. Reported complications inlude port-related problems, stomal obstruction, band slippage, nd band erosion. This case report describes a patient with a istory of LAGB placement who presented several years later ith a combined presentation of gastric wall erosion and diahragmatic erosion with bronchoperitoneal fistula. With the AGB bridging both defects, a functional gastrobronchial fisula resulted as a complication of the LAGB.
Latent Heat Induced Energy Transformations during Cyclogenesis

Abstract Using real-data numerical simulation experiments, latent heat induced energy transformations during the development of the wave cyclone of 20 May 1977 are investigated. During a 24 h period over 5 cm of precipitation fell despite baroclinically inactive synoptic conditions. The numerical experiments which were conducted included two 24 h fine-mesh forecasts, one with and the other without latent heating. The following conclusions resulted from kinetic energy budget calculations performed on isobaric surfaces at 100 mb increments from 900 mb to 100 mb. 1) Heating enhanced the generation of kinetic energy at all levels, slightly weakened its dissipation (to sub-grid scales) in the lower troposphere and increased this dissipation in the upper troposphere. 2) Because of the rapid increase of kinetic energy with height the latent heat's contribution to the kinetic energy balance was, in a relative sense, most significant in the lower troposphere. It is shown that while the maximum latent heating rates...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Sensitive Neuronal Units in the Midbrain Raphe

Units in areas of the midbrain rich in neurons containing serotonin respond to parenteral injections of d-lysergic acid diethylamide by a reversible cessation of spontaneous activity. The dose required is at or below threshold for gross behavioral effects. An inhibition of neurons containing serotonin after administration of d-lysergic acid diethylamide could account for the decreased metabolism of serotonin produced by this drug.
Surface temperature response by use of air coolant in restorative procedures

Intrapulpal studies in which ultrahigh-speed, low-torque cutting instruments with coolants were used indicated less temperature rise than when high-torque instruments operating at slower speeds were used. The cutting technic used is one of light pressures wherein rotation speeds are maintained throughout short periods of contact between bur and tooth structure.
Capable of More: Some Underemphasized Aspects of Capacity Assessment

Background The 4-abilities model of decision-making capacity is vulnerable to constricted application and teaching. Objective The authors attempt to assert the fundamentally clinical nature of capacity evaluations, while acknowledging that the concept of decision-making capacity must be legally grounded. Methods Relevant aspects of clinical care are examined and emphasized as they apply to the evaluation of capacity for medical decision making. Results Accessing patients' maximal abilities, attending to noncognitive aspects of choice, and identifying diagnostic explanations for patients' difficulties are important components of these assessments. Discussion The evaluation of medical decision-making capacity is not a purely forensic task; it is enhanced by an approach that bridges the clinical-forensic divide.
A genome-wide transgenic resource for conditional expression of Drosophila microRNAs

microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short RNAs that mediate vast networks of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Although computational searches and experimental profiling provide evidence for hundreds of functional targets for individual miRNAs, such data rarely provide clear insight into the phenotypic consequences of manipulating miRNAs in vivo. We describe a genome-wide collection of 165 Drosophila miRNA transgenes and find that a majority induced specific developmental defects, including phenocopies of mutants in myriad cell-signaling and patterning genes. Such connections allowed us to validate several likely targets for miRNA-induced phenotypes. Importantly, few of these phenotypes could be predicted from computationally predicted target lists, thus highlighting the value of whole-animal readouts of miRNA activities. Finally, we provide an example of the relevance of these data to miRNA loss-of-function conditions. Whereas misexpression of several K box miRNAs inhibited Notch pathway activity, reciprocal genetic interaction tests with miRNA sponges demonstrated endogenous roles of the K box miRNA family in restricting Notch signaling. In summary, we provide extensive evidence that misexpression of individual miRNAs often induces specific mutant phenotypes that can guide their functional study. By extension, these data suggest that the deregulation of individual miRNAs in other animals may frequently yield relatively specific phenotypes during disease conditions.
Long-term prospective study of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 84-month update.

Objective. To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Eighty-four—month open prospective trial at a single academic rheumatology center. Results. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in a prospective study of the long-term efficacy of MTX in RA; a significant improvement had been demonstrated after 36 months of therapy. Twelve patients remained in the study at the 84-month visit; the mean weekly dosage of MTX was 10.2 mg. A significant improvement was still noted at 84 months in the number of painful joints, number of swollen joints, joint pain index, joint swelling index, and physician and patient global assessments. A 50% improvement in the joint pain index and joint swelling index was observed in more than 80% of the 12 patients still enrolled. A significant reduction in prednisone dosage was achieved; of 14 patients taking prednisone at entry, 7 had discontinued prednisone completely. Fourteen patients withdrew from the study: 10 between 0 and 36 months, and 4 between 36 and 84 months. Toxicity in 3 patients and visit noncompliance in 1 patient were the reasons for withdrawal between 36 and 84 months. At 84 months, 46% of the patients remained in the study; 11.5% had discontinued due to MTX toxicity. Conclusion. The effectiveness of MTX in the treatment of RA continues to be demonstrated in this prospective study, after 84 months of treatment.
Maternal Nutrition, Health, and Survival

The burden of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries is high. Each year, 600,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes and 62 million women suffer from morbidity and complications of pregnancy. The extent to which maternal nutrition can improve maternal health and survival is not well understood. Excluding deaths due to induced abortions, the other four main causes of maternal mortality (preeclampsia, hemorrhage, obstructed labor, and infection) may be amenable to nutrition interventions. The role of calcium in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia and hypertension is promising, but more research in deficient populations is urgently needed. Antenatal iron supplementation, although frequently recommended to prevent anemia during pregnancy, has had little program success. Severe anemia may be an important cause of maternal mortality, but convincing evidence is lacking on the health consequences of mild-to-moderate maternal anemia. Knowledge of the etiology of anemia is important in identifying effective strategies for combating it. Other vitamins such as folate, B12, and vitamin A may enhance the 12 effect of iron supplementation in populations where multiple nutrition deficiencies exist. Maternal night blindness is widespread in South Asian women. In Nepal, this condition is associated with markedly increased risks of vitamin A deficiency, anemia, morbidity, and maternal and infant mortality. These findings need to be replicated elsewhere in South Asia. One study has shown vitamin A and beta carotene supplementation to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. These findings need testing in different settings with emphasis on investigating the mechanisms of the effect. The area of prepregnancy nutrition and its influence on prolonged and obstructed labor is wide open for investigation. The scope for research in the area of maternal nutrition and health is large and the onus is on nutritionists to bring to the forefront the role of nutrition in maternal health and survival.
On the construction of efficient match networks

The performance of rule based systems are limited by the multiple pattern multiple object (MPMO) matching problem. Various efficiency heuristics have been applied manually to speedup the solutions to MPMO. We address the problem of automatically determining the best match network for rule matching. We contribute simple conditions to guarantee the optimality of given network in presence of updates to the working memory.
Neighborhoods, Adults, and the Development of Civic Identity in Urban Youth

Civic identity is presented as a key construct for understanding adolescent development. We argue that high-poverty, urban neighborhoods make it difficult for youth to develop civic identities. Hypotheses regarding the effects of poverty and urbanicity on the development of civic identity are tested in analyses of the National Household Education Survey of 1999. Results from the analyses demonstrate that youth from urban neighborhoods are less likely than their suburban and rural counterparts to participate in community service. In addition, youth in poor neighborhoods have lower levels of civic knowledge and are less politically tolerant than youth in affluent neighborhoods.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF A DEMAND‐ASSIGNMENT THIN ROUTE TDMA SYSTEM

SUMMARY This paper presents the e xperimental results measured on the Italsat satellite when d ata is transmitted by using the FODA/IBEA satellite access scheme. The measures presented refer to the packet arrival tim e jitter, which affects the real-time data, and to the e nd-to-end d elay o f the non real-time data. The experimental results, obtained with four Italian active stations on Italsat confirm the a nalytical results. The paper also shows the a dvantage of working in pre-assignment mode, a feature of the capacity assignment algorithm which improves the end-to-end delay of non real-time data during the transient provoked by a traffic step when the system is scarcely loaded.
Performance of Simple Insulator Shapes under Heavily Contaminated Conditions

Flashover voltage, scintillation current, resistance of a number of simple insulator geometries (rods, disks, and cones) have been measured under contaminated conditions. Results have been compared with porcelain suspension insulators. Tests were made in a high-density conducting mist and correlated with the resistivity of the contaminant solution. With such tests it seems possible to optimize insulator geometries. Flashover voltage of about twice that for conventional 6-in-long porcelain suspension insulators has been demonstrated for small-diameter cones on rods. While maintaining the same clearance distance1 for an insulator design, the effectiveness (per unit length of additional creepage distance) decreases with an increase in creepage distance. This is especially true in the vertical orientation. An increase in insulator diameter decreases effectiveness. Small-diameter rods perform well. Current measurements and photographs of scintillation and partial flashovers provide insight into insulator performance. Scintillation and arcing currents may lead to tracking and erosion of plastic insulators. Optimized design can reduce such currents by as much as 20 times.
High-frequency low-dose multiple-drug chemotherapy in advanced metastatic breast cancer.

A small group of patients (22) with metastatic breast cancer, most of whom had advanced visceral disease, have been treated since 1973 with low-dose, multiple-drug chemotherapy: vinblastine, 0.05 mg/kg, I.V.; cyclophosphamide, 6 mg/kg P.O.; 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg. P.O., and methotrexate, 0.3 mg/kg P.O. The schedule includes the use of one drug on each of four days every week. The drugs were taken in the sequence listed on alternate days, except that dosages of methotrexate and vinblastine were consecutive. The remission rate was 68% (15/22). The median duration of remission was 30 months. The median survival time of responding patients exceeds 40 months. Of the 15 responding patients, six (40%) remain alive with a mean survival time of more than 46 months. The regimen causes minimal toxicity and has been willingly accepted by patients for as long a period as 54 months. A therapeutic advantage appears to have been achieved by this high-frequency, low-dose schedule.
Safety and efficacy of tirofiban in stent-assisted coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

Background Thromboembolic complications are a major concern in stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms that may be prevented with adequate antiplatelet therapy. Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in stent-assisted coiling. Methods Two protocols were used. In the initial protocol, tirofiban was administered intravenously as a 0.4 μg/kg per min bolus for 30 minutes followed by 0.10 μg·kg min maintenance infusion. The revised protocol consisted of a 0.10 μg·kg min maintenance infusion alone. Results Sixty-seven patients received tirofiban, 16 under the initial protocol and 51 under the revised protocol. Thirty (44.8%) patients had sustained a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Tirofiban infusion was initiated after thromboembolic events in 9 (13.4%) patients and prophylactically in 58 (86.6%). Four (6.0%) intracranial hemorrhages were noted. Three (18.8%) intracranial hemorrhages occurred with the initial protocol in patients treated electively and were fatal in 2 (66.7%) cases. The only complication (1.9%) under the revised protocol was a subclinical worsening of the computed tomographic appearance of an SAH. There was no tirofiban-related morbidity or deaths with the revised protocol. Of 9 patients that received tirofiban as a rescue treatment, 7 (77.8%) had complete and 2 (22.2%) had partial arterial recanalization. No thromboembolic events occurred in patients receiving prophylactic tirofiban. Conclusion A bolus followed by a maintenance dose of tirofiban appears to have a high risk of cerebral hemorrhage. A maintenance infusion without an initial bolus, however, has an exceedingly low risk of hemorrhage and appears to be very safe and effective, even in the setting of SAH.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the ambulatory surgery setting.

ABSTRACT Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now a well-established alternative to open cholecystectomy. It is less invasive and recovery generally is quicker and less painful. Several articles have been published in support of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The main benefits are cost savings and patient and surgeon convenience. The main obstacles, however, are patient reluctance and surgeons' concern about sending a patient home without benefit of professional supervision after abdominal surgery and a few hours of general anesthesia. A new approach, consisting of surgery in an Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) and overnight observation in a free-standing Post Surgery Recovery Center (PSRC), is presented; and the first 100 patients in the study are reported. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the ASC with overnight observation in the PSRC offers the advantages of outpatient surgery, namely, lower cost and greater patient and surgeon satisfaction, while allowing the safety and convenience of remaining und...
Outcome Measurements of an Integrated Employee Assistance and Work-Life Program

This research study describes an innovative method for evaluating outcome measurements of an Employee Assistance and Work-Life program. Method: This research is unique due to the fact that “true” service outcomes, as defined by the employees who utilized services, were collected within a brief time period (3 to 6 months) after services were provided. The data for the study were collected through the telephonic interviews with employees covered by a major provider of EAP and Work-Life services. Results: Findings indicate that after services, stress levels decreased, attendance improved, work performance improved, and relationships with supervisors and coworkers improved. Additionally, significant correlations were found between various reported personal and work-related problems. Conclusion: This research represents the first empirical study of its kind in the Employee Assistance and Work-Life fields and provides a better understanding of how effective services are in helping employees resolve both persona...
Teaching individuals with intellectual disability to email across multiple device platforms

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of email by people with intellectual disability across multiple technological devices or platforms. Four individuals with intellectual disability participated in this study. Participants were taught how to access and send an email on a Windows desktop computer, laptop, and an iPad tablet device. Results indicated a functional relation. All participants acquired and generalized sending and receiving an email from multiple platforms. Conclusions are discussed about the importance of empowering people with intellectual disability by providing multiple means of expression, including the ability to communicate effectively using a variety of devices.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and low temperature impact properties of metallocene polyethylenes

Abstract As a result of the very high co-monomer content and homogeneous short branch distributions made possible by the metallocene catalyst, superior low temperature mechanical properties are possible. We have studied a series of these polymers varying in density from 0.87 to 0.92 kg 1−1 using dynamic mechanical analysis. Compared with conventional polyethylenes, the beta relaxation was shifted to as low as −44°C. Concurrently, low temperature impact properties were evaluated from about −100°C to ambient. The impact response with temperature was in good agreement with the calculated response based on loss modulus.
Computer graphics and the generation of DNA confirmations for intercalation studies

Abstract We report a series of structures for double-stranded DNA that is in the process of opening up to admit an intercalating drug such as ethidium. Using the method of damped least-squares (suggested by Vitek) to provide ring closure across the base pairs, we obtained backbone confirmations for parallel base planes at various specified separations. Conformational energies were then calculated, taking into account solution effects, and the minimum energy was chosen. The resulting confirmations can ba viewed on an interactive display or drawn with high precision as simulated CPK models in color, with shading and high lights.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of rhenium

Abstract Thin wall rhenium tubes have been successfully produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a molybdenum substrate which was subsequently etched off. Detail procedure of the deposition is discussed. The CVD rhenium deposit has a facetted surface and a columnar grain structure with preferential growth orientation along the c axis. At high temperature (2000 K) substantial grain growth occurs, and in the recrystallized structure individual grains traverse the entire width of the layer with smooth transverse boundaries between the grains.
EVALUATION OF A SUBSTRATE PRETREATMENT FOR HOT FILAMENT CVD OF DIAMOND

The absolute concentration of methyl radicals (CH 3 ) and the mole fraction of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) are measured in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system both during and after an initial pretreatment that has been used successfully in microwave plasma and oxyacetylene torch CVD systems to produce more uniform and higher density crystal nucleation. The pretreatment technique, which consists of deposition for a relatively short time with a high input concentration of hydrocarbon in the feed gas, was studied for both methane (CH 4 ) and C 2 H 2 as the input hydrocarbon diluted in H 2 . Scanning electron micrographs of diamond films deposited under the conditions studied indicate that the pretreatment using CH 4 is not effective in increasing the crystal nucleation density, but is moderately effective in increasing the crystal size. The C 2 H 2 pretreatment has no apparent effect upon either the crystal size or nucleation density. The spectroscopie measurements suggest that the surface condition of the filament is the prominent factor affecting the gas phase chemistry both during and after the pretreatment stage.
Optical Variations of 3C454.3

A PHOTOGRAPHIC patrol of selected quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) has been in progress with the Yale 40 inch reflector since the autumn of 1966. On the average, about seven plates have been obtained of most QSOs, but additional plates have been taken of certain objects. Sandage1 first reported optical variations in 3C454.3. Subsequently, Angione2 published a light curve of this object, based on existing Harvard patrol plates taken over an interval of 60 yr. Over a period of 2 yr, seventeen Yale plates were obtained of 3C454.3. In addition, three plates were taken for us at the US Naval Observatory by W. Osborn.
Mathematical Modeling of Marker Influx and Efflux in Cells

The tumor promoter, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), affects the processing of fluid that enters a cell from the ambient medium. Previous work showed that marker accumulates to a higher level in PMA-treated than in untreated cells. Since PMA also affects the physical activity of the membrane and stimulates the normal process of taking up extracellular fluid, called endocytosis, it is important to learn whether the perturbations in fluid processing can be attributed entirely to a change in the cell's limiting membrane. To this end, a model for fluid uptake and processing was developed and applied to experiments in which a marker for extracellular fluid was added to cells. From previous work on marker accumulation, it was deduced that there were at least two functional compartments involved in fluid movement. Compartment I is a rapidly filling and rapidly recycling compartment. Compartment II is a slowly filling and emptying compartment. Three routes of vesicle traffic must be considered, one mediating influx from the ambient medium into compartment I, a second, efflux from compartment I to the medium, and a third efflux from compartment I into compartment II. Using earlier models for processing, workers found it difficult to estimate rates of movement through either of the latter routes, as well as the volume of compartment I. The difficulty arises from the fact that only one kinetic constant can be estimated directly from data, namely the instantaneous uptake rate. The remaining data depend on measuring the total mass of marker in the cells. Since the concentration of marker in the cell changes continuously, it is advantageous to employ differential equations to simulate the tracer movement. By applying the model to experimental values, we found estimates for all three rates of fluid movement and the volume of compartment I. It is thought that the model will enable us to determine whether apparent alterations in the time course of uptake arise solely from altered properties of the limiting membrane.
Cautions Regarding the Interpretation of Regression Coefficients and Hypothesis Tests in Linear Models with Interactions

Manuscripts submitted to Communication Methods and Measures and most empirical journals in the field of communication frequently rely on some kind of linear model in the data analysis. Most of the ...
THE ATTITUDINAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE TAX REVOLT

This paper attempts to assess the strength and direction of the attitudinal consequences of the tax revolt. An initial taxonomy of potential attitudinal effects is developed in the first section via a brief examination of the attitude-based explanations of the revolt. Those effect hypotheses are then tested via a pretest-posttest comparison group design analysis of 1976, 1978, and 1980 American National Election Study data. The results of those tests are discussed in the final section.
The gastrin gene promoter is regulated by p73 isoforms in tumor cells

p73, a new p53 family member, is a transcription factor that is increasingly recognized in cancer research as an important player in tumorigenesis as well as in chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Despite the substantial structural and functional similarities to p53, accumulating evidence suggests that p53 and p73 may differently regulate their transcriptional targets. In this study, we have investigated the role of p73 in regulation of the gastrin gene promoter. Gastrin is a peptide hormone and an important factor in determining the progression of a number of human malignancies. Our results show that p73 can bind to the gastrin promoter. This leads to transcriptional upregulation of gastrin mRNA. We also found that the levels of gastrin and p73 transcripts correlate in primary gastric tumors. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism for regulation of gastrin gene transcription and support a concept that p53 and p73 may have different biological roles in tumors.
Regulation of lung cancer cell growth and invasiveness by β‐TRCP

Beta-transducin-repeat-containing protein (beta-TRCP) serves as a substrate-recognition subunit of Skp1/Cullin/F-box (SCF)(beta-TRCP) E3 ligases, involved in regulation of several important signaling molecules. SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ligases play a critical role in cell mitosis as well as in various signaling pathways. Here, we provide evidence to support that beta-TRCP negatively regulates cell growth and motility of lung cancer cells. With specific antibodies, we detect loss of beta-TRCP1 protein in several lung cancer cell lines. One cell line contains an inactivated mutation of the beta-TRCP1 gene. Loss of beta-TRCP1 protein is also found in subsets of lung cancer specimens. We observe that retrovirus-mediated stable expression of beta-TRCP1 in beta-TRCP1 negative cells inhibits cell growth in soft-agar and tumor formation in nude mice. Furthermore, expression of beta-TRCP1 alters cell motility, as indicated by morphological changes and a reduced level of active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)11. Conversely, inactivation of beta-TRCP1 by specific siRNA accelerates cell invasion. Of the 10 known substrates of SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ligases, the protein level of cell division cycle 25 (CDC25)A is clearly affected in these lung cancer cells. Cells treated with CDC25A inhibitors become less invasive. Thus, loss of beta-TRCP1 may promote both growth and cell motility of lung cancer cells, possibly through regulation of CDC25A and the MMP11 level.
Non-Abelian monopoles in the three-dimensional chiral spin liquid

Abstract We show by explicit numerical calculation that the charged spinless excitations of the three-dimensional chiral spin liquid state have nonzero Berry phases analogous to the 1 2 fractional statistics seen in two dimensions. These reduce, in the limit of large separation and low velocities, to vector potentials of magnetic monopoles coupling to the four internal degrees of freedom of the moving particle through generators of SU(4).
Do tests of divergent thinking have an experiential bias

Divergent thinking (DT) tests are widely used as an estimate of creativity. However, tests of DT may be biased by experience. Scores from these tests may depend on the amount and types of experiences of examinees. This investigation was designed to determine the degree to which personal and social experiences influence DT scores. Two different tasks were administered: Uses task and Problem Generation (PG). Fluency and originality scores were calculated for each. Analyses indicated that the impact of experience was similar in the PG and Uses tasks. Personal and social experience explained 44% and 30% of fluency scores for PG and Uses tasks, respectively, and 65% of originality scores for both PG and Uses. The differences between uncorrected scores (all ideas, including those reflecting experience) and corrected scores (where ideas tied to personal or social experiences were eliminated) were statistically significant, with the largest discrepancy in Uses fluency and lowest in Uses originality. Findings supported the claim that divergent thinking tests may depend heavily on experience. Alternatives for using DT tests without an experiential bias are discussed.
Procholinergic and memory enhancing properties of the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor atomoxetine

Atomoxetine has been approved by the FDA as the first new drug in 30 years for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor and a nonstimulant, atomoxetine has a different mechanism of action from the stimulant drugs used up to now for the treatment of ADHD. Since brain acetylcholine (ACh) has been associated with memory, attention and motivation, processes dysregulated in ADHD, we investigated the effects of atomoxetine on cholinergic neurotransmission. We showed here that, in rats, atomoxetine (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.p.),--increases in vivo extracellular levels of ACh in cortical but not subcortical brain regions. The marked increase of cortical ACh induced by atomoxetine was dependent upon norepinephrine alpha-1 and/or dopamine D1 receptor activation. We observed similar increases in cortical and hippocampal ACh release with methylphenidate (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.)--currently the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of ADHD--and with the norepinephrine uptake inhibitor reboxetine (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.). Since drugs that increase cholinergic neurotransmission are used in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and dementias, we also investigated the effects of atomoxetine on memory tasks. We showed that, consistent with its cortical procholinergic and catecholamine-enhancing profile, atomoxetine (1-3 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated performance in the object recognition test and the radial arm-maze test.
Binding and neutralization characteristics of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human papillomavirus 58

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 58 is a high-risk HPV type associated with progression to invasive genital carcinomas. We developed six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HPV58 L1 virus-like particles that bind conformational epitopes on HPV58. The hybridoma cell lines were adapted to serum- and animal component-free conditions and the mAb supernatants were affinity-purified. The six mAbs neutralized HPV58 pseudoviruses (PsVs) and ‘quasivirions’ with different capacities. The mAbs differed in their ability to prevent PsV58 attachment to HaCaT cells, to the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by HaCaT cells, to heparin and to purified human laminin 5, a protein in the ECM. These mAbs provide a unique set of tools to study the binding properties of a previously untested, high-risk HPV type and the opportunity to compare these characteristics with the binding of other HPV types.
Combined homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.: Rhodium carbonyl thiolate complexes tethered on silica-supported metal heterogeneous catalysts: olefin hydroformylation and arene hydrogenation

The rhodium carbonyl thiolate complex, Rh2[μ-S(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3]2(CO)4 (Rh–S) was tethered to phosphine-modified Pd–SiO2 (P–(Pd–SiO2)), which was prepared by tethering the phosphine ligand Ph2P(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 to Pd–SiO2, to give the tethered complex catalyst Rh–S/P–(Pd–SiO2). Also, the phosphine-substituted Rh2[μ-S(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3]2[Ph2P(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3]2(CO)2 (Rh–S–P) was tethered to several silica-supported metal heterogeneous catalysts M–SiO2 (M=Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir) to give Rh–S–P/M–SiO2. These complex catalysts, consisting of a tethered complex on a supported-metal (TCSM), were used to catalyze the hydroformylation of olefins and the hydrogenation of toluene under atmospheric pressure. In the presence of phosphorus donor-ligands, all the TCSM catalysts are active for the hydroformylation of olefins under the mild conditions of 60°C and 1 atm of H2 and CO (1:1). The most active catalysts, Rh–S/P–(Pd–SiO2) and Rh–S–P/Pd–SiO2, give maximum TOF values of 1.04 and 0.88 (mol aldehyde/mol Rh min), respectively, and TO values of 905 and 703 (mol aldehyde/mol Rh) during 22.5 h and 23.5 h in the hydroformylation of 1-octene. The Rh–S–P/Pd–SiO2∼PPh3 catalyst system maintains its activity through three cycles and 68 h to give a total turnover of 2118 mol aldehyde/mol Rh. These activities are higher than those of the homogeneous rhodium thiolate complex catalyst (Rh–S–P) and the rhodium thiolate complex catalysts tethered on just SiO2(Rh–S/P–SiO2 and Rh–S–P/SiO2). The effects of the phosphorus ligand and PR3/Rh mole ratio on the hydroformylation rates, conversions, and chemo- and regioselectivities for aldehyde were also investigated. The Rh–S/P–(Pd–SiO2) and Rh–S–P/Pd–SiO2 catalysts are also active for the hydrogenation of toluene under the mild conditions of 40°C and 1 atm of H2; they are much more active than the homogeneous rhodium thiolate complex catalyst Rh–S–P, the simple silica-supported heterogeneous palladium catalyst (Pd–SiO2) and the rhodium thiolate complex catalysts tethered on just SiO2(Rh–S/P–SiO2 and Rh–S–P/SiO2). The synergistic advantages of the two components (tethered complex and supported metal) of the TCSM catalysts are greater for the hydrogenation of toluene than for the hydroformylation of 1-octene.
Copper complexation in sargasso sea and gulf stream warm-core ring waters

Abstract Two techniques for investigating the speciation of dissolved copper, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and reverse-phase liquid chromatography (C 18 -RPLC) were compared for the marine waters associated with Gulf Stream warm-core rings (WCR). Similarly conditional stability constants (log K ML = 10.0 (± 0.1)) and ligand concentrations (6.4 (± 1.5) nmol kg −1 ) for organic complexation of copper were determined by the two techniques, for oligotrophic Sargasso seawater. Using these constants, the equilibrium copper speciation model predicts the proportion of copper organically complexed to range from 40 to 96% and the Cu (II) ion activity to range from 10 −11.6 to 10 −12.8 as the concentration of organic ligands increases from 5 to 160 nmol kg −1 in Sargasso seawater containing 1 nmol Cu kg −1 . WCR 82B was sampled in August, 1982, when the ring was located in the shelf/slope region adjacent to Cape Hatteras. The vertical distributions of organically-complexed copper determined by the ASV and C 18 -RPLC techniques in the central waters of WCR 82B, were qualitatively similar. A relatively higher proportion (70–90%) of the copper was complexed by the organic ligands present in euphotic waters, particularly at the depth of the chlorophyll a maximum. The ASV and C 18 -RPLC estimates of copper complexation did not agree in the euphotic waters of the ring because some hydrophilic copper-organic complexes were ASV non-labile and were not isolated by the C 18 -RPLC method. In the deeper waters beneath the ring, both the C 18 -RPLC and ASV measurements indicated that ∼ 60% of the copper was complexed by organic ligands, whereas C 18 -RPLC measurements in the deep waters of the Sargasso Sea indicated that hydrophobic organic ligands complexed a smaller fraction (∼ 40%) of the dissolved copper.
New Insights into the Low Salinity Water Injection Effect on Oil Recovery from Carbonate Reservoirs

Low salinity water injection (LSWI) is gaining popularity as an improved oil recovery technique on account of being cost effective compared to other water based enhanced oil recovery methods such as chemical and steam flooding. In this paper, the wettability alteration option in our in-house simulator is used to history match and provide some insights in different seawater dilution cycles based on recently published corefloods. Two newly proposed methodologies to model dilution cycles are employed. We successfully modeled the experiments enhancing the wettability alteration model in the simulator using two different scaling factors. The study also revealed that the process is more sensitive to oil relative permeability compared to that of the water phase. A linear interpolation model for residual oil saturation (Sor) was proposed.
A two-stage phase II trial design utilizing both primary and secondary endpoints.

Phase II trials in oncology drug development are usually conducted to perform the initial assessment of treatment activity. The common designs in this setting, for example, Simon 2-stage designs, are often developed based on testing whether a parameter of interest, usually a proportion (e.g. response rate), is less than a certain level or not. These designs usually consider only one parameter. However, sometimes we may encounter situations where we need to consider not a single parameter, but multiple parameters. This paper presents a two-stage design in which both primary and secondary endpoints are utilized in the decision rules. The family-wise Type 1 error rate and statistical power of the proposed design are investigated under a variety of situations by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I do what I’m told, sort of: Reformed subjects, unruly citizens, and parole

Although parole and the processes of prisoner reentry have received considerable attention, how individuals on parole respond to the State’s efforts to regulate their conduct and govern their personhood remains under theorized. Drawing from ethnographic research with individuals on parole, this article examines how parolees navigate the social control inherent in this penal practice. Parole entails both productive and repressive power; responsibilizing and de-responsibilizing elements. The parole agency’s efforts to govern up-close—through supervision and regulation of everyday conduct—are frequently met with subversion, resistance, and hostility, while efforts to govern-at-a-distance are more productive. In general paroled subjects reproduce the injunction to transform their lives, becoming committed to ‘going straight’, ethical reformation, and responsible citizenship. This ‘reformed subjectivity’ guides how individuals enact parole, but does not reflect subjection or their full acquiescence to penal po...
Some laboratory and field data on ring-rot of potatoes in California

1. The ooze test,i.e. observation of the masses of bacteria coming out of the diseased tissues in water mounts under the low power has been successfully used in California in diagnosing ring-rot of potatoes. It is considered to be a presumptive test. 2. Incubation of seed pieces harboring the pathogen in a suitable substratum, such as peat-moss or soil at 28°C, reveals the disease in three weeks. This may be helpful in ridding foundation stock of ring-rot. 3. Proper disinfection of contaminated tools is to a great degree impeded by the slime present in infected potatoes. 4. Under California conditions, bacterial soft rot of potatoes is often secondary to ring-rot and it is believed that blackleg may also be secondary to ring-rot.
Electrophysiological characteristics of lumbosacral evoked potentials in patients with established spinal cord injury.

Abstract Surface electrodes positioned over the S1 and T12 vertebrate and referenced to T6 were used to record spinal potentials evoked by unilateral stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at the knee. Data were collected on 24 patients who received spinal cord injuries 2 months to 31 years previously. The recording sites were below the level of spinal injury. The lumbosacral evoked potentials (LSEPs) were compared with the results of measurements obtained from 19 neurologically healthy subject. Additional data were collected on each patient to characterize segmental reflex responses and preservation of sensory and motor functions associated with the L5 through S2 segments of the spinal cord. Assuming that the LSEP reflects demonstrate a degree of spinal cord dysfunctions caudal to the area of injury in s substantial number of the patients with spinal cord injury which we studied.