cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endophytic Burkholderia sp. SSG as a potential biofertilizer promoting boxwood growth.

Background Burkholderia sp. SSG is a bacterial endophyte isolated from boxwood leaves showing a resistant response to infection by the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata. SSG acted as a protective and curative biocontrol agent for boxwood blight and as a bio-sanitizer of disease inoculum in the field. Many gene clusters involved in antibiotic production and plant growth promotion (PGP) were found in the genome, giving this endophyte great application potential as a treatment for plant protection. However, the PGP features have not been documented. This study investigated the plant growth promotion activity of SSG in boxwood. Methods To determine whether SSG is a plant growth promoting bacterium, four PGP traits, auxin and siderophore production, nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, were examined in the laboratory with colorimetric or agar plate assays. The plant growth promoting activity of SSG was tested on three boxwood varieties characterized by slow, intermediate and fast growth rates, namely Justin Brouwers, Buddy and Winter Gem, respectively. These plants were drenched with an SSG cell suspension or water and washed plant weight was compared before and after treatment to determine growth changes after 10 months. Results The SSG culture was sustainable on nitrogen free media, suggesting that SSG may fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was also a strong phosphate solubilizer and a potent siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producer. Significant growth promotion was observed on boxwood cultivars Justin Brouwers, Buddy and Winter Gem 10 months after plant roots were drenched with SSG cells. The growth rate of treated plants was 76.1, 58.3, and 37.3% higher than that of the control, respectively. The degree of growth promotion was significantly different among plant varieties, notably more pronounced with the slow and intermediate growers. This study demonstrates that the SSG bacterium has multiple PGP traits and is a prospective plant biofertilizer.
Joint Grid Discretization for Biological Pattern Discovery

The complexity, dynamics, and scale of data acquired by modern biotechnology increasingly favor model-free computational methods that make minimal assumptions about underlying biological mechanisms. For example, single-cell transcriptome and proteome data have a throughput several orders more than bulk methods. Many model-free statistical methods for pattern discovery such as mutual information and chi-squared tests, however, require discrete data. Most discretization methods minimize squared errors for each variable independently, not necessarily retaining joint patterns. To address this issue, we present a joint grid discretization algorithm that preserves clusters in the original data. We evaluated this algorithm on simulated data to show its advantage over other methods in maintaining clusters as measured by the adjusted Rand index. We also show it promotes global functional patterns over independent patterns. On single-cell proteome and transcriptome of leukemia and healthy blood, joint grid discretization captured known protein-to-RNA regulatory relationships, while revealing previously unknown interactions. As such, the joint grid discretization is applicable as a data transformation step in associative, functional, and causal inference of molecular interactions fundamental to systems biology. The developed software is publicly available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=GridOnClusters
Pruning Digital Contact Networks for Meso-scale Epidemic Surveillance Using Foursquare Data

With the recent boom in human sensing, the push to incorporate human mobility tracking with epidemic modeling highlights the lack of groundwork at the meso-scale (e.g., city-level) for both contact tracing and transmission dynamics. Although GPS data has been used to study city-level outbreaks, current approaches fail to capture the path of infection at the individual level. Consequently, in this paper, we extend the usefulness of epidemics prediction from estimating the size of an outbreak at the population level to estimating the individuals who may likely get infected within a finite period of time. To this end, we propose a network-based method to first build and then prune the dynamic contact networks for recurring interactions; these networks can serve as the backbone topology for mechanistic epidemics modeling. We test our method using Foursquare9s Points of Interest (POI) smart- phone geolocation data from over 1.3 million devices and show that we can recreate the COVID-19 infection curves for two major (yet very different) US cities (i.e., Austin and New York City) while maintaining the granularity of individual transmissions and reducing model uncertainty. Our method provides a foundation for building a disease prediction framework at the meso-scale that can help both policy makers and individuals of their estimated state of health and help with pandemic planning.
Assessment of Telemedicine and Phone Consultation Effects on Rate of Hand Transfers to Trauma Centers and Specialty Services Referrals.

BACKGROUND Telemedicine consultation can increase patients' access to subspecialty care and decrease the number of unnecessary hospital transfers. In 2014, the Arkansas Hand Trauma Telemedicine Program (AHTTP) was established to extend specialized hand care throughout Arkansas. The purpose of this study is to assess whether transfers are affected when consultation with a hand specialist is performed by phone compared with using a live audiovisual consultation. METHODS We reviewed data from the first year of the AHTTP. Data collection included type of consultation (telephone only or live audiovisual), need for transfer, and type of transfer (general orthopedic or hand specialist). RESULTS In 2014, the first year of AHTTP there were 331 hand injuries identified; of those, 298 used the AHTTP with 195 (65%) using telemedicine and 103 (35%) using phone consultation only. The use of video when compared with phone consultation did not significantly affect the decision to transfer (P = .42) or alter the rate of transfer for general orthopedic or hand specialist care (P = .25). CONCLUSIONS The assessment of both phone and telemedicine modalities showed that there was no significant difference in transfer rates for either consultation, highlighting that communication with a hand surgeon was the key to accurate assessment of the need for transfer.
Along-Wind Motion of Multistory Building

Treating the wind-excited motion of a multistory building as a random vibration problem, the input-output spectral density relationships are derived using a transfer matrix formulation. In this analysis the motion of the building is restricted to the direction parallel to the average wind flow, the along-wind direction; and the structural response is represented by a displacement variable and a force variable in each story unit. A 40-story building is used as a numerical example.
Order-Disorder Phenomena in Metals

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a discussion on order–disorder phenomena in metals. Numerous substitutional alloys are ordered at low temperatures and disordered at high temperatures. “Ordered” means that the lattice sites can be grouped into sublattices, each of which is occupied predominantly by one kind of atom. In the “disordered” state, no such grouping is possible, each sublattice being occupied by the various constituents at random. The structures of the ordered alloys that are described have lower symmetry than those of the corresponding disordered alloys, and their diffraction patterns have, therefore, extra Bragg reflections, called “superlattice reflections.” Over certain ranges of concentration and temperature, the structures are neither perfectly ordered nor perfectly random. Hence, they are not triply periodic in space, and a description must be devised (the pair-density function), which is more complex than that suitable for perfect crystals. When the alloys are “ordered” in the sense defined above, there are nonzero correlations between the kind of atom on a given site and the kind on a distant site, and the system is said to have “long-range order.” When the alloys are “disordered,” there are still correlations, called “short-range order parameters,” between the kinds of atoms at sites close to each other.
Slides from Dr. Schoenfeld's Talk

On October 14, 2013 the Mathematics Education Department at Teachers College hosted a full-day conference focused on the Common Core Standards Mathematical Modeling requirements to be implemented in September 2014 and in honor of Professor Henry Pollak’s 25 years of service to the school. This article is adapted from my talk at this conference covering Mathematical Modeling in the Common Core, what it means for educators as we move toward this future reality, and what we can do to succeed in this brave new world.
Mechanism and regulation of Mg-chelatase

Mg-chelatase catalyses the insertion of Mg into protoporphyrin IX (Proto). This seemingly simple reaction also is potentially one of the most interesting and crucial steps in the (bacterio)chlorophyll (Bchl/Chl)-synthesis pathway, owing to its position at the branch-point between haem and Bchl/Chl synthesis. Up until the level of Proto, haem and Bchl/Chl synthesis share a common pathway. However, at the point of metal-ion insertion there are two choices: Mg2+ insertion to make Bchl/Chl (catalysed by Mg-chelatase) or Fe2+ insertion to make haem (catalysed by ferrochelatase). Thus the relative activities of Mg-chelatase and ferrochelatase must be regulated with respect to the organism's requirements for these end products. How is this regulation achieved? For Mg-chelatase, the recent design of an in vitro assay combined with the identification of Bchl-biosynthetic enzyme genes has now made it possible to address this question. In all photosynthetic organisms studied to date, Mg-chelatase is a three-component enzyme, and in several species these proteins have been cloned and expressed in an active form. The reaction takes place in two steps, with an ATP-dependent activation followed by an ATP-dependent chelation step. The activation step may be the key to regulation, although variations in subunit levels during diurnal growth may also play a role in determining the flux through the Bchl/Chl and haem branches of the pathway.
Do intervention-embedded assessment procedures successfully measure student growth in reading?

Effective intervention delivery requires ongoing assessment to determine whether students are learning at the desired rate. Intervention programs with embedded assessment procedures (i.e., assessment that occurs naturally during the process of delivering intervention) can potentially enhance instructional decisions. However, there is almost no psychometric research on this type of assessment procedure. This study was designed to examine the psychometric characteristics of three types of progress measures that are embedded within a commonly used reading intervention program. Results indicated that generalized gains across different oral reading fluency passages predict concurrent gains on common and comprehensive tests of reading fluency, and that immediate instructional gains measured during instruction were significantly different from zero and thus sensitive to intervention effects. Overall findings suggest that at least some embedded assessment procedures demonstrate predictive validity and that these types of procedures have the potential to assist educators with data-driven instructional decisions about students’ responsiveness to intervention.
A comparison of three canopy interception models for a leafless mixed deciduous forest stand in the eastern United States

Abstract Canopy interception of incident precipitation is a critical component of the forest water balance during each of the four seasons. Models have been developed to predict precipitation interception from standard meteorological variables because of acknowledged difficulty in extrapolating direct measurements of interception loss from forest to forest. No known study has compared and validated canopy interception models for a leafless deciduous forest stand in the eastern United States. Interception measurements from an experimental plot in a leafless deciduous forest in northeastern Maryland (39°42′N, 75°50′W) for 11 rainstorms in winter and early spring 2004/05 were compared to predictions from three models. The Mulder model maintains a moist canopy between storms. The Gash model requires few input variables and is formulated for a sparse canopy. The WiMo model optimizes the canopy storage capacity for the maximum wind speed during each storm. All models showed marked underestimates and overestimat...
Broadly tunable difference-frequency generation of VUV using two-photon resonances in H 2 and Kr

We report generation of tunable VUV radiation in the range 117–150 nm by four-wave difference-frequency mixing of a tunable ArF excimer laser with an Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser. The four-wave mixing occurs through two-photon resonant enhancement of χ(3) through the E,F1∑g+(E,υ′=2,J′=0−3) state(s) of H2 or the 4p56p(3/2)2 state of Kr in the process (2ω193 − ωdye = ωVUV). An estimate of energy efficiency yields 3 × 10−5 near 133 nm for both H2 and Kr. Even though several rotational resonances fall within the natural 193-nm bandwidth, mixing with broadband ArF output in H2 yields single-line VUV output with a FWHM of 3.5 cm−1 at half the efficiency compared with that of line-narrowed operation.
Weighted geometric set cover via quasi-uniform sampling

There has been much progress on geometric set cover problems, but most known techniques only apply to the unweighted setting. For the weighted setting, very few results are known with approximation guarantees better than that for the combinatorial set cover problem. In this article, we employ the idea of quasi-uniform sampling to obtain improved approximation guarantees in the weighted setting for a large class of problems for which such guarantees were known in the unweighted case. As a consequence of this sampling method, we obtain new results on the fractional set cover packing problem.
Allogeneic bone marrow supports human islet β cell survival and function over six months

Abstract In this study, we have established a new strategy increasing human islet longevity utilizing allogeneic whole bone marrow (BM) co-cultured with human islets. The cultured islets’ function and survival have been evaluated by analysis of insulin secretion in response to high-glucose-challenge, morphological evaluation of cell growth. Human islet only culture failed to reveal evidence of long term survival, growth or function in terms of insulin release or insulin response to glucose challenge. These results indicate that BM increases islet survival and function with the eventual formation of pancreatic endocrine tissue capable of sustaining β cell fuction.
Personalized Biochemistry and Biophysics

Whole human genome sequencing of individuals is becoming rapid and inexpensive, enabling new strategies for using personal genome information to help diagnose, treat, and even prevent human disorders for which genetic variations are causative or are known to be risk factors. Many of the exploding number of newly discovered genetic variations alter the structure, function, dynamics, stability, and/or interactions of specific proteins and RNA molecules. Accordingly, there are a host of opportunities for biochemists and biophysicists to participate in (1) developing tools to allow accurate and sometimes medically actionable assessment of the potential pathogenicity of individual variations and (2) establishing the mechanistic linkage between pathogenic variations and their physiological consequences, providing a rational basis for treatment or preventive care. In this review, we provide an overview of these opportunities and their associated challenges in light of the current status of genomic science and pe...
Workplace harassment and the victimization of women

Abstract This paper studies the interconnections of victimizations of women by comparing sexual harassment in the workplace with harassments in other settings, that is, in school, in civic work, and in public places. The frequency and serverity of the harassment, the relationship of the woman to her harasser, and characteristics of the women who were harassed, are compared for the different settings for a random regional sample of U.S. women. It is found that harassment is more frequent in the workplace setting, but in general, the harassments are similar enough across settings to conclude that harassment stems more from the confluence of sex and power which characterizes “normal” male-female relationships in U.S. society, than from specific workplace power differentials. The implications for remedying workplace harassment and other victimizations of women are discussed.
Increase of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensives with timolol therapy.

. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether timolol drops compared to placebo drops had a significant effect on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensives. Methods: Thirty-seven ocular hypertensives were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 0.5% timolol drops to both eyes for 18 to 24 months in a double masked clinical trial. Measurements of ocular pressure and photographs of retinal nerve fiber layer using stereophotogrammetric techniques were made at about 3 month intervals for 18 to 24 months of follow-up. Results: None of the subjects developed visual field loss when tested with the Goldmann perimeter by kinetic and static means at six month intervals. Subjects treated with timolol had a significant decrease in ocular pressure and developed a significant increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness compared to subjects treated with placebo. Multivariate analyses indicated that the increase of retinal nerve layer thickness was not associated either with the ocular pressure on treatment or the decrease in ocular pressure on treatment. Conclusion: Timolol treatment was associated with an increase of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. The effect of timolol appears to be related to mechanisms other than the decrease in ocular pressure.
An offset Holocene stream channel and the rate of slip along the northern reach of the San Jacinto fault zone, San Bernardino Valley, California

The three-dimensional geometry of a buried channel-fill deposit that crosses, and is offset by, a strand of the San Jacinto fault zone in San Bernardino, California, is reconstructed from an extensive suite of trench logs. The reconstruction shows that the original course of the channel was deflected for a short distance along strike of the fault before it was offset. As a result, apparent offset of the channel deposit across the fault zone is about 12 m in a right-lateral sense, but only 3.5 to 6 m of the apparent offset is due to fault slip. The age of the deposit is ≤1931 ± 109 yr B.P. based on radiometric dating of detrital charcoal collected from the unit. Our excavations do not encompass all active strands of the fault at this site. Hence, our study points to a minimum slip rate of 1.7 to 3.3 mm/yr along the northern San Jacinto fault zone. Historical records show that it has been at least 64 to 90 yr since the last large earthquake occurred along the northern San Jacinto fault. It can thus be inferred from our estimate of fault slip rate that at least 10 to 30 cm of slip is currently stored along the northern segment of the San Jacinto fault. Because prior studies along the same fault zone to the southeast indicate much higher slip rates (on the order of 10 mm/yr), and coseismic offsets for the largest historical earthquakes along the San Jacinto fault zone have been on the order of 30 cm, it is inferred that the northern reach of the San Jacinto fault is now in the later stages of the strain accumulation cycle prior to a moderate to large M 6-7 earthquake. Additionally, the complex geometry of the reconstructed channel serves to illustrate the caution that must be exercised when determining the true offset of buried channel deposits.
Analysis of the stoichiometry and temperature dependence of cation diffusion in wustite, Fe 1 − δ O

A generalized thermodynamic representation of diffusion in high-defect-concentration solids is reviewed. This formalism permits a description of diffusion phenomena (metal oxidation, ionic conductivity, thermomigration) in terms of equilibrium thermodynamic properties, the tracer diffusion coefficient, and the correlation factor. This phenomenological theory is then applied in an analysis of experimental data for chemical diffusion in Fe/sub 1-delta/O. Moreover, the theory-experiment comparison allows the ..delta..K parameter associated with an isotope strength measurement to be determined. With values of ..delta..K, the corresponding correlation factor that is obtained from an isotope strength measurement can be evaluated. It is seen that the correlation factor for iron diffusion in Fe/sub 1-delta/O decreases with an increase in the deviation in stoichiometry and decreases with an increase in temperature. These phenomena are discussed in terms of defect structures that have been proposed for this material.
How hot are drosophila hotspots? examining recombination rate variation and associations with nucleotide diversity, divergence, and maternal age in Drosophila pseudoobscura.

Fine scale meiotic recombination maps have uncovered a large amount of variation in crossover rate across the genomes of many species, and such variation in mammalian and yeast genomes is concentrated to ,5 kb regions of highly elevated recombination rates (10–100x the background rate) called ‘‘hotspots.’’ Drosophila exhibit substantial recombination rate heterogeneity across their genome, but evidence for these highly-localized hotspots is lacking. We assayed recombination across a 40 Kb region of Drosophila pseudoobscura chromosome 2, with one 20 kb interval assayed every 5 Kb and the adjacent 20 kb interval bisected into 10 kb pieces. We found that recombination events across the 40 kb stretch were relatively evenly distributed across each of the 5 kb and 10 kb intervals, rather than concentrated in a single 5 kb region. This, in combination with other recent work, indicates that the recombination landscape of Drosophila may differ from the punctate recombination pattern observed in many mammals and yeast. Additionally, we found no correlation of average pairwise nucleotide diversity and divergence with recombination rate across the 20 kb intervals, nor any effect of maternal age in weeks on recombination rate in our sample.
Hepatocellular carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of treatments to manage disease confined to the liver

The histories of 73 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) confined to the liver who were seen at M. D. Anderson Hospital between January 1976 and December 1983 were reviewed. In 18 patients the tumor was resected either at the outset or after the patients' response to chemotherapy; nonsurgical treatments consisted of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) in 10 patients and intravenous (IV) therapy in four patients. Patients who had resection were younger, and their liver functions and performance status were better than the IV and HAI groups. Their median survival was 46 months. Of the patients who had nonresectable tumors, 28 received chemotherapy by HAI and 27 received IV therapy. Of the 28 patients in the HAI treatment group, 25 received uniform infusion of floxuridine (FUDR, Roche, Australia), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and mitomycin C (FUDRAM). Of the 27 patients in the IV treatment group, 15 received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin-containing regimens; in 11 patients 5-FU was combined with other agents. The HAI and IV treatment groups were similar in age and ethnicity, performance status, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, liver function, presence of hepatitis B antigen, and presence or absence of cirrhosis. The median survival was 9 months for HAI-treated patients and 5 months for the IV-treated group. The statistical differences were resection versus HAI, P less than 0.01; resection versus IV, P less than 0.01; HAI versus IV, P less than 0.01. Thirteen of 18 patients who had resections, six of 28 patients treated with HAI, and two of 27 IV-treated patients survived 2 years or more. It is concluded that for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver, the option of tumor resection either at the beginning of treatment or after chemotherapy offers the best chances for long-term survival. The overall prognosis is poor for patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but arterial infusion chemotherapy may double the median survival as compared to IV chemotherapy.
Polymeric dirhenium(III) complexes of the type [cis-Re2(O2CCH3)2Cl4(LL)]n involving the symmetrical linker ligands pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine, and methylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide)

The reactions of the dirhenium(III) complex cis -Re 2 (μ-O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 (H 2 O) 2 with the linker ligands pyrazine (pyz), 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) and methylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (dppmO 2 ) in acetone solution have been used to prepare the polymeric complexes [ cis -Re 2 (μ-O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 (μ-pyz)] n ( 1 ), [ cis -Re 2 (μ-O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 (pyz)] 2 (μ-pyz) ( 2 ), [ cis -Re 2 (μ-O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 (μ-4,4′-bpy)] n ( 3 ) and [ cis -Re 2 (μ-O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 (μ-dppmO 2 )] n ( 4 ). The structures of all four complexes ( 1 – 4 ) have been determined and show that the ReRe distances are 2.2358(8), 2.240(2), 2.2512(4) and 2.2438(4) A, respectively. The structure of 2 shows the presence of terminal and bridging pyrazine ligands, while the polymeric complex 3 possesses both planar and twisted bridging 4,4′-bipyridine ligands.
Resilience in the face of romantic rejection: The automatic impulse to trust☆

Abstract Can heeding the automatic impulse to trust one's romantic partner increase physical and psychological resilience in the face of doubts about a partner's responsiveness? Experimental participants were led to believe that their partner perceived a long list of faults in them. All participants then gave a speech about their future career goals while their partner watched. The results revealed impulsive trust (i.e., evaluative associations to the partner on the Implicit Associations Test) increased resilience to partner-criticism for people who heed their automatic impulses (i.e., low in working memory capacity). Specifically, for people low in working memory capacity and high in impulsive trust, partner-criticism increased resilience relative to control participants (i.e., expecting a more approving partner reaction to their speech, cardiovascular reactivity consistent with a positive challenge response). In contrast, for people low in working memory capacity and low in impulsive trust, partner-criticism decreased resilience relative to control participants (i.e., expecting a more disapproving partner reaction, cardiovascular reactivity consistent with a negative threat response).
Was Spinoza fooled by the ontological argument

Presentation de la version spinoziste de la preuve ontologique. L'A. en fournit deux reconstructions distinctes: l'une est deductivement valide, mais comporte des premisses non logiquement necessaires, l'autre possede des premisses logiquement necessaires, mais n'est pas valide. L'A. attribue l'existence de ces deux versions a l'ambiguite de la notion de Causa sui chez Spinoza, qui peut signifier soit un etre causalement necessaire, soit un etre logiquement necessaire.
Specific solvation effects on structures and properties of isocytosine-cytosine complexes: A theoretical ab initio study

Ab initio quantum chemical studies at the Hartree−Fock (HF) level with the 6-31G* basis set were performed for four different hydrogen-bonded isocytosine−cytosine (iCC) complexes in the gas phase and in a water solution. Full geometry optimizations without any constraints on the planarity of these complexes were carried out. The water solution was modeled by explicit inclusion of different numbers of water molecules, up to six, which creates the first coordination sphere around the iCC base pair. Single point calculations were also performed at the correlated MP2/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* level. The interaction and solvation energies were corrected for the basis set superposition error by using the full Boys−Bernardi counterpoise correction scheme. It was shown that the base pair corresponding to the standard Watson−Crick pair (denoted as iCC1) is the global minimum on the potential energy surface both in the gas phase and in a water solution. Inclusion of six instead of four water molecules has crucial effects b...
Evidence of the influence of wastewater treatment on improved public health.

This paper analyzes the influence of wastewater treatment access of a region and the effect on public health improvement independent of its economy. The sample set is derived from 39 different nations. The study employs health, economic and environmental indicators such as gross national income, human development index; disease mortality due to diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis and malaria, access to sanitation, wastewater treatment and collection. It is necessary to extricate the impact of increased wastewater treatment access on disease mortality from that of increased national income and health care. Hence we observed this influence for very small ranges of human development. It was concluded that an increase in wastewater treatment availability reduces disease mortality, independent of an increase in income or sanitation. Trends in the lack of wastewater treatment with the logarithm of disease mortality had correlation coefficients ( r 2 ) of 0.35–0.5 at a high significance ( P
The tradeoff of frame rate and resolution in a route clearing task: implications for human-robot interaction

The implications of bandwidth allocation are described for teleoperation in a military task that involved navigation, target detection, and target identification. Color versus grayscale imagery was manipulated. Participants themselves traded off resolution and frame rate settings. Participants minimized switching between resolution/frame rate settings and tended to use settings with high resolution/low frame rate. Courses completed with the highest resolution (and lowest frame rate) had the fastest target identification times, but no other differences were observed between settings. Color imagery offered advantages for overall course time and the time to identify a tank as friendly or enemy.
First principles calculations of oxygen vacancy-ordering effects in resistance change memory materials incorporating binary transition metal oxides

Resistance change random access memories based on transition metal oxides had been recently proposed as promising candidates for the next generation of memory devices, due to their simplicity in composition and scaling capability. The resistance change phenomena had been observed in various materials, however the fundamental understanding of the switching mechanism and of its physical origin has not been agreed upon. We have employed first principles simulations based on density functional theory to elucidate the effect of oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure of rutile TiO2 and NiO using the local density and generalized gradient approximations with correction of on-site Coulomb interactions (LDA + U for TiO2 and GGA + U for NiO). We find that an ordered oxygen vacancy filament induces several defect states within the band gap of both materials, and can lead to the defect-assisted electron transport. This state may account for the “ON”-state low resistance conduction observed experimentally in rutile TiO2 and NiO. As the filament structure is perturbed by oxygen ions moving into the ordered chain of vacancies under applied electric field, charges are trapped and the conductivity can be significantly reduced. We predict this partially disordered arrangement of vacancies may correspond to the “OFF”-state of the resistance change memories.
Magnetic Susceptibility of Copper-Nickel and Silver-Palladium Alloys at Low Temperatures

The magnetic susceptibilities of copper-nickel alloys with up to 39 atomic percent nickel and silver-palladium alloys with up to 10 atomic percent palladium have been measured by the Gouy method at temperatures between 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 2.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements are reported on samples with an impurity content of less than 10 parts per million and on samples with greater impurity content. The susceptibility is nearly temperature-independent for all the silver-palladium alloys and for the copper-nickel alloys with up to 27% nickel. Higher nickel concentrations give rise to a $\frac{1}{T}$ susceptibility term which is too large to be accounted for by impurity content. The simple band model of Mott adequately describes the susceptibility of the silver-palladium alloys but fails to predict the large temperature-independent paramagnetic contribution of nickel in copper. Exchange energies calculated by the Stoner collective electron method for the copper-nickel alloys, using specific heat and susceptibility data, are somewhat unsatisfactory and suggest the presence of another mechanism.
Production of medium-energy neutrons from proton bombardment of light elements using revised neutron-proton differential cross sections

Abstract Previously measured (p,n) reactions at 0° on 2 H, 6 Li, 7 Li, 9 Be, 12 C and 27 Al at incident energies of approximately 30, 40 and 50 MeV have been revised using recent n-p differential cross section parametrizations. The new values show an improved overall agreement with those reported elsewhere.
Microstructure and Optical Properties of Au-Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Films

Nanocomposite films consisting of gold nanoparticles embedded in an yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) matrix were synthesized at room temperature by radio-frequency co-sputtering from YSZ and Au targets at a 5 mTorr working pressure. The films were subsequently annealed for 2 h in 1 atm argon, with the annealing temperature varied from 600 to 1000 °C in steps of 100 °C. The composition, microstructure, and optical properties of the films were characterized as a function of annealing temperature by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and absorption spectroscopy. An optical absorption band due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Au nanoparticles was observed around a wavelength of 600 nm. Furthermore, the SPR band full width at half-maximum exhibited an inverse linear dependence on the radius of the Au nanoparticle, with a slope parameter A = 0.18, indicating a weak interaction between the YSZ matrix and the Au nanoparticles. The experimentally observed SPR dependence on nanoparticle size is discussed within the context of the Mie theory and its size-dependent optical constants.
Survey of persistent pesticide residues in the edible tissues of wild and pond-raised Louisiana crayfish and their habitat.

Ten new 4,8-disubstituted 10-methyl-1,2-dihydro-1-oxo-1,2,4-triazino(4,5-a)indoles (5 and 6) were prepared by refluxing various 5-substituted indole-2-carbohydrazides (4) with triethylorthoformate or triethylorthoacetate in dimethylformamide. These derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Some of the title compounds possess fairly potent antimicrobial activity
Asymptotics of trajectories for Newtonian dynamics with directed force

Abstract We extend the results of refs. 2 and 3 for the asymptotics of trajectories of Hamiltonian dynamics to the Newtonian dynamics with directed forces. By Newtonian as opposed to the Hamiltonian dynamics we mean that the force in the Newton's equation of motion is not necessary conservative. We call a force directed if it is confined to a proper cone in the ambient space.
Serum measles antibody titers in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, compared with parents and siblings

Summary Four boys, ages 4 to 9 years, with SSPE had markedly elevated serum measles antibody titers when determined by the CF and HI methods. The parents and siblings did not have increased titers. In 3 families, siblings experienced measles in the same year as the affected child, but they had no unusual clinical or laboratory findings. There was no serologic evidence for familial involvement with this disease.
Effects of holocene Alnus expansion on aquatic productivity, nitrogen cycling, and soil development in southwestern Alaska

Numerous pollen records provide evidence for the widespread range expansion of Alnus throughout Alaska and adjacent Canada during the middle Holocene. Because Alnus can fix atmospheric N2, this vegetational change probably had a profound effect on N availability and cycling. To assess this effect, we analyzed a sediment core from Grandfather Lake in southwestern Alaska for a suite of geochemical indicators, including elemental composition, biogenic silica (BSi) content, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes of organic matter. These data, in conjunction with a pollen record from the same site, are used to infer biogeochemical processes associated with the mid-Holocene Alnus expansion. The increase in Alnus pollen percentages from 10% to 70% circa 8000-7000 BP (14C years before present) suggests the rapid spread of Alnus shrub thickets on mountain slopes and riparian zones in the Grandfather Lake region. Coincident with this vegetational change, the mean value of the sediment BSi content increases from 20.4 to 106.2 mg/g, reflecting increased diatom productivity within the lake as a result of Alnus N2 fixation in the watershed soils and the associated N flux to the lake. Elevated aquatic productivity at this time is also supported by increased percentages of organic C and N, decreased C:N ratios, and decreased values of δ 13C. Furthermore, the δ 15N values of sediments increase substantially with the establishment of Alnus shrub thickets, suggesting enhanced N availability and accelerated N cycling within the lake and its watershed. Superimposed on a general trend of soil acidification throughout the postglacial period, soil acidity probably increased as a result of the Alnus expansion, as can be inferred from decreasing ratios of authigenic base cations to allogenic silica (Si) and increasing ratios of authigenic aluminum (Al) to allogenic Si. The ultimate cause of these mid-Holocene ecosystem changes was an increase in effective moisture in the region.
Lying, cheating, and stealing: A study of categorical misdeeds

Abstract The goal of this paper is to provide evidence that lie, steal, and cheat are the only concepts that share membership in a specialized semantic category which has a specific set of prototypical features that separates them from other kinds of misdeeds. Findings show that lie, cheat, and steal can be reduced to similar weighted semantic features and that in testing the relevance of these primitives, we find experimental results that reveal that lie, cheat, and steal have parallel prototype effects establishing the same kinds of gradient membership in all three concepts. It is this scalar membership that leads to the mismatch between speakers’ definitions of the concepts and their application of the categories to actual examples of lying, cheating, and stealing. The second purpose of this study is the development of category models that take into account the gradient membership and the variability of concept use as well as culturally inspired ideas about what lying, cheating, and stealing entail. The ultimate goal of this project is to discover the greater implications category structures by constructing a mega-model that only includes the concepts lying, cheating, and stealing and accounts for their exclusive membership in a larger concept field.
Telemetry Augments the Validity of the Rat as a Model for Heat Acclimation

Repeated exposure to heat stress results in physiological adaptations which increase tolerance to heat stress. Core temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR), two indices of successful heat acclimation, are both increased by the handling and restraint usually required to measure these variables in the rat. This study compares measurement of these variables in telemetry- and nontelemetry-equipped heat-acclimated rats. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: CAC (24, control for acclimated), HAC (24, heat acclimated), TCAC (3, telemetry implanted control for acclimation), and THAC (3, telemetry implanted, heat acclimated). The CAC and TCAC rats were maintained at 26 degrees C for 2 weeks; HAC and THAC groups were maintained at 32-33 degrees C for 2 weeks. The telemetry rats were surgically implanted with transmitters which measured activity, temperature, blood pressure (BP), and ECG. Following acclimation, the rats were subjected to a heat-stress test as follows: animals were placed in a chamber maintained at 41.5 degrees C until a Tc of 41.5 degrees C was reached, when the animals were removed to a 26 degrees C chamber to recover. The Tc of the CAC and HAC rats was manually measured with a rectal probe every 15 min. The TCAC and THAC rats had Tc, HR, and BP monitored electronically every 2.5 min from 30 min prior to heat stress through 30 min after heat. The THAC rats maintained lower Tc, HR, and BP than the TCAC rats throughout the heat stress. The CAC and HAC rats had higher Tc and slower rates of cooling after heat than either of the telemetry groups. Simultaneous measurement of HR, BP, and Tc has not previously been reported in unrestrained heat-acclimated rats. Measurement of these variables without the confounding effects of restraint or handling has increased the validity of the rat as a model for human heat acclimation.
A Practical Nonlinear Regression Technique for Horizontal Well Test Interpretation

A practical nonlinear regression technique for analysis of horizontal well pressure transient tests is presented. This technique can provide accurate and reliable estimation of well-reservoir parameters if downhole flow rate data are available. In situations without flow rate measurement, reasonably reliable parameter estimation can be achieved by using the detected flow rate from blind deconvolution. This technique has the advantages of eliminating the need for estimation of the wellbore storage coefficient and providing reasonable estimates of effective wellbore length. It provides a practical tool for enhancement of horizontal well test interpretation, and its practical applicability is illustrated by synthetic and actual field cases.
SaferCity: A System for Detecting and Analyzing Incidents from Social Media

This paper presents a system to identify and characterise public safety related incidents from social media, and enrich the situational awareness that law enforcement entities have on potentially-unreported activities happening in a city. The system is based on a new spatio-temporal clustering algorithm that is able to identify and characterize relevant incidents given even a small number of social media reports. We present a web-based application exposing the features of the system, and demonstrate its usefulness in detecting, from Twitter, public safety related incidents occurred in New York City during the Occupy Wall Street protests.
Properties of solid and gaseous hydrogen, based upon anisotropic pair interactions

Properties of H2 are studied on the basis of an analytic anisotropic potential deduced from atomic orbital and perturbation calculations. The low-pressure solid results are based on a spherical average of the anisotropic potential. The ground state energy and the pressure-volume relation are calculated. The metal-insulator phase transition pressure is predicted. Second virial coefficients are calculated for H2 and D2, as is the difference in second virial coefficients between ortho and para H2 and D2.
Anhydrite distribution within a shelf-margin carbonate reservoir:San Andres Formation, Vacuum Field, New Mexico, USA

Anhydrite cement causes significant heterogeneity within the San Andres reservoir of the Vacuum Field where it is associated with faults, fractures, karst zones and highly cemented dolomite intervals. The primary reservoir rocks within the Central Vacuum Unit of the Vacuum Field are dolomitized peloidal packstones, skeletal and ooid grainstones and fusulinid packstones. These rocks alternate with lower reservoir-quality dolomite intervals with variable amounts of anhydrite cement. Nodular and pore-filling fabric-selective anhydrite cements are common within the reservoir interval. Cross-plots of apparent matrix grain-density versus apparent matrix volumetric cross-section ( ρ maa – U maa cross-plots), combined with V p / V s seismic attributes and core data, provide insight into the vertical and lateral distribution of anhydrite within the San Andres reservoir. Anhydrite is generally concentrated in thin depositional cycles or intervals that are separated by relatively anhydrite-free cycles that exhibit relatively higher porosity and permeability. Lower V p / V s values correspond to higher percentages of anhydrite and are useful formapping anhydrite distribution. This evaluation of anhydrite distribution providesan estimate of the significant cementation-related heterogeneities within the reservoir that is useful for development-well planning and to target areas of bypassed pay.
Optical Search for Pulsations from Pulsating Radio Source CP 1919

Optical observations of the 18th magnitude blue star and of the faint red object in the approximate location of the pulsating radio source CP 1919 disclose no pulsations of visible light, in a mode similar to that of the radio pulsations, of more than 0.4 percent or 0.8 percent, respectively, of the total visible output; or, for a sinusoidal modulation with the same period, no more than a 4-percent, or 8-percent, root-mean-square intensity fluctuation.
Cytokine modulation of extracellular matrix gene expression: relevance to fibrotic skin diseases

Fibrotic skin diseases demonstrate a spectrum of phenotypic manifestations with a unifying histopathologic hallmark, i.e. the accumulation of collagen in the lesional skin. Mechanistically, collagen deposition could result either from enhanced biosynthetic activity or reduced rate of degradation, thus leading to an imbalance in physiological turnover of collagen in the dermis. This overview summarizes the mechanisms of regulation of collagen gene expression in fibroblasts as exemplified by cytokine modulation. This summary also provides evidence in support of the notion that transcriptional activation of collagen gene expression is the underlying mechanism leading to development of fibrotic cutaneous lesions, as documented in keloids, a prototypic example of cutaneous fibrosis.
A comparison of stuttering and nonstuttering children in terms of five measures of oral language development

Abstract Twenty-two kindergarten and first-grade children who had been identified as having a stuttering problem and their nonstuttering matched controls individually told stories in response to each of the ten Children's Apperception Test cards. A 50-utterance sample was abstracted for each subject from his tape recorded responses to these cards. The following scores were then computed for each subject: (1) number of one-word responses, (2) mean length of response, (3) standard deviation of the mean length of response, (4) mean of the five longest responses, and (5) structural complexity score. The mean scores for the stutterers were smaller for all measures than corresponding mean scores for the nonstutterers, with the exception of the number of one-word responses. On the average, the stutterers produced approximately twice as many one-word responses as did the nonstutterers. This difference was statistically significant. Implications of the findings are discussed.