cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral infectious scleritis from Histoplasma capsulatum in an immunosuppressed uveitis patient

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of bilateral infectious scleritis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum in the setting of a locally and systemically immunosuppressed patient. Observations A 45-year-old man with HLA-B27 associated ankylosing spondylitis and anterior uveitis on systemic secokinumab, underwent bilateral cataract extraction which required extensive peri-operative steroids, including intravitreal triamcinolone, topical prednisolone, and oral prednisone. Six weeks after cataract surgery, the patient presented with mild eye irritation and was found to have bilateral subconjunctival purulence and necrosis. Histoplasma capsulatum was identified on fungal cultures and confirmed by DNA probe. The patient was treated with fortified amphotericin drops and oral itraconazole with complete resolution of scleritis. Conclusion and importance H. capsulatum is a rare cause of infectious scleritis that must be considered in our immunosuppressed and post-surgical patients.
All the Things Tunes Are: Avant-Textes and Referents in Jazz Improvisation

Jerome Kern's “All the Things You Are” has enjoyed a lengthy and varied history as a jazz standard. Like many other standards, hundreds of recordings of the tune exist, each rendition different fro...
Mighty Lady and True Husband: Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in Norwegian Memory

The legacy of Margrete Valdemarsdaughter (1353–1412) is dominated by the impact of the unification of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark into the Kalmar Union (1397–1523/1814). This chapter explores how Margrete’s life is memorialised in Norwegian culture. By examining how Margrete is remembered by the Royal House of Norway, in educational resources, and popular literature this chapter is able to show how Norwegian memorialisation of Margrete has shifted from an active party contributing to the decline of Norway, to a feminist hero and role model for young Norwegians. The modern Norwegian memory of Margrete is a result of a combination of cultural trends aimed at re-claiming the past, first for the Norwegian nation and more recently for Norwegian women resulting in a complex memory of Margrete.
Interdisciplinary End-of-Life Care in Nursing Homes

About 25% of deaths in the United States now occur in nursing homes, and this proportion is increasing. Current end-of-life (EOL) care in these facilities faces substantial challenges, including under-management of pain, dyspnea, and other symptoms, a clash of cultures between palliative care/hospice teams and the nursing facility, and reimbursement policy that discourages the use of hospice. For ethnic minorities, these challenges are more striking. Improvement in EOL care in nursing homes requires integration between the traditional rehabilitative/restorative mission of long-term care and the palliative model of hospice. Education, better utilization of hospice, cooperation in quality improvement, and changes in reimbursement policy will lead to better care for these increasingly frail and elderly patients.
Overlooking Tort Claimants' Best Interests: Non-Debtor Releases in Asbestos Bankruptcies

The asbestos crisis has spawned the development of extraordinary new remedies. One of the most dramatic and controversial is known as a “non-debtor release,” a bankruptcy order extinguishing claims against a party who has not itself filed for bankruptcy. Also known as a “third-party release,” this form of relief first found acceptance in early asbestos insolvencies. Since that time, Congress has passed a statute – § 524(g) of the Bankruptcy Code – that expressly authorizes non-debtor releases in asbestos reorganizations. Powerful remedies are subject to abuse, and third-party releases are no exception. In this article, I argue that bankruptcy courts and litigants have overlooked critical limits on non-debtor releases – limits contained in both § 524(g) and other provisions of the Code. The most important restriction is this: Under the best interest of creditors test set forth in § 1129(a)(7) of the Code, it is permissible to extinguish the liabilities of a third party over the objection of claimants only when the plan of reorganization promises payment in full on the released claims.
Electromagnetic inverse methods and its applications to medical imaging-a current-state-of-the-art review

A succinct summary of various monographs on electromagnetic inverse problems, including a concise definition and description of the problem and an extensive list of pertinent references, is presented. The review covers mathematical treatments, geophysical inverse problems, medical inverse problems, aeronomic remote sensing, high-resolution radar imaging, and diffraction tomography. >
Food Stamp Program Participation Is Associated with Better Academic Learning among School Children

Household food insecurity is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in children and adolescents, including poor school performance. U.S. federal food assistance programs such as the Food Stamp Program (FSP) aim to help prevent household food insecurity and its outcomes. Program participation may act as a resource either to counteract the effects of constraints such as food insecurity or to modify the effects of food insecurity on outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether FSP participation was associated with child reading and mathematics learning, weight gain, and social skills and whether these associations depended on degree of estimated need for the program. Data used were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort, a large nationally representative sample. A difference (i.e., fixed-effects) model was used to minimize bias in the estimation of association resulting from unmeasured covariates. Starting FSP participation during the 4 years from K to third grade was associated with about a 3-point greater improvement in reading and mathematics score as compared with stopping FSP participation during that period. But it was for female students only that this association was large and significant. Children in households starting FSP participation had slightly but not significantly less weight gain compared with children in households stopping FSP participation. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that FSP participation plausibly has beneficial effects for children on nonnutritional outcomes, specifically academic learning. The mechanisms for this relationship are not well understood and may be through both dietary intake and stress.
Commercial pectinases and the yield and quality of Stanley plum juice

Five commercial pectinases were used to investigate efficacy for improvement of juice yield and quality from Stanley plums. Pectinases, to a varying degree, improved the yield, color-assayed as release of anthocyanins, and clarity of the juice. A significant increase in the effectiveness of pectinases was observed as the concentration was increased from 0.01 to 0.60% v/w. However, at concentrations > 0.20% they tended to impart a bitter flavor in the juice. Among five pectinases, Clarex L at 0.20% produced higher yield and a sediment-free clear juice.
An implicit connection graph maze routing algorithm for ECO routing

ECO routing is a very important design capability in advanced IC, MCM and PCB designs when additional routings need to be made at the latter stage of the physical design. ECO is difficult in two aspects: first, there are a large number of existing interconnects which become obstacles in the region. A hierarchical approach is not applicable in this situation, and we need to search a large, congested region thoroughly. Second, advances in circuit designs require variable width and variable spacing on interconnects. Thus, a gridless routing algorithm is needed. In this paper, we propose to use an implicit representation of a non-uniform grid graph for gridless maze routing algorithm. A novel slit-tree plus interval-tree data structure is developed, combined with a cache structure, to support efficient queries into the connection graph. Our experiments show that this data structure is very small in memory usage while very fast in answering maze expansion related queries. This make the framework very useful in the ECO type of routing.
The expected number of symmetries in locally restricted trees II

Abstract Asymptotic formulas are derived for the number of symmetries in several types of unlabeled trees with vertices of restricted degree. The trees are d-trees whose vertices have degree at most d and (1, d)-trees whose vertices have degree 1 or d. These results together with similar results for the number of such trees provide asymptotic formulas for the expected number of symmetries in these trees.
Distortion of masks for X-ray lithography

Abstract Experimental and theoretical results are presented on the determination of distortion induced during the process of fabrication of X-ray lithography masks. The studies were performed on B-doped Si and on B-N-H mask substrates.
A Prospective Study of Long-term Intake of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Background & Aims Increased intake of dietary fiber has been proposed to reduce the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]). However, few prospective studies have examined associations between long-term intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident CD or UC. Methods We collected and analyzed data from 170,776 women, followed up over 26 years, who participated in the Nurses' Health Study, followed up for 3,317,425 person-years. Dietary information was prospectively ascertained via administration of a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. Self-reported CD and UC were confirmed through review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). Results We confirmed 269 incident cases of CD (incidence, 8/100,000 person-years) and 338 cases of UC (incidence, 10/100,000 person-years). Compared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted cumulative average intake of dietary fiber, intake of the highest quintile (median of 24.3 g/day) was associated with a 40% reduction in risk of CD (multivariate HR for CD, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.90). This apparent reduction appeared to be greatest for fiber derived from fruits; fiber from cereals, whole grains, or legumes did not modify risk. In contrast, neither total intake of dietary fiber (multivariate HR, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.17) nor intake of fiber from specific sources appeared to be significantly associated with risk of UC. Conclusions Based on data from the Nurses' Health Study, long-term intake of dietary fiber, particularly from fruit, is associated with lower risk of CD but not UC. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that mediate this association.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Fall 2004

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Fall 2004." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 22 (Fall 2004), 142-148.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE AMNIOTIC FLUID AND FETUS

Interest in the prenatal diagnosis of hypersensitivity disorders, immunodeficiency and intrauterine infections prompted this study of relationships between immunoglobulins (Ig) in amniotic fluids (AF) and corresponding maternal and cord sera. We collected aliquots of 134 AF obtained from amniocenteses and abortions performed for other medical reasons. The level of IgG in AF was lower than in paired cord serum even when corrected for total protein content. IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin were detected in AF as early as 13 weeks gestation, and antibody per mg/IgG was generally similar in cord, maternal serum and AF. IgM was undetectable in all AF's even those concentrated 25x. IgD was detectable in a concentrated AF at 21 weeks of age, in which IgM and IgA were < 2 mg% indicated a lack of maternal blood contamination. In contrast to IgG, IgA in AF exceeded the corresponding cord level. AF IgA increased throughout gestation, while cord IgA remained low. Secretory component was detected in AF as early as 11 weeks. IgE constitutes a higher proportion of AF protein, than of maternal or cord serum. Both AF and cord IgE increased with gestational age. The IgE levels in paired cord and maternal sera were not correlated (correlation coefficient=.176). There was better correlation between AF and maternal IgE but best between AF and cord IgE, (correlation coefficient=.522 and p <.01). Secretion and active transfer appear to be important determinants of AF Ig levels.
ROSAT X-Ray Spectral Properties of Nearby Young Associations: TW Hydrae, Tucana-Horologium, and the β Pictoris Moving Group

We present archival ROSAT data for three recently identified, nearby (D < 70 pc), young (~10-40 Myr) stellar associations: the TW Hydrae association, the Tucana-Horologium association, and the β Pictoris moving group. The distributions of ROSAT X-ray hardness ratios (HR1, HR2) for these three groups, whose membership is dominated by low-mass, weak-lined T Tauri stars, are tightly clustered and very similar to one another. The value of HR1 for TW Hya itself—the only bona fide classical T Tauri star in any of the nearby groups—is clearly anomalous among these nearby young stars. We compare the hardness ratio distributions of stars in the three nearby groups with those of T Tauri stars, the Hyades, and main-sequence dwarfs in the field. This comparison demonstrates that the X-ray spectra of F through M stars soften with age and that F and G stars evolve more rapidly in X-ray spectral hardness than do K and M stars. It is as yet unclear whether this trend can be attributed to age-dependent changes in the intrinsic X-ray spectra of stars of type F and later, to a decrease in the column density of circumstellar gas (e.g., in residual protoplanetary disks), or to the diminishing contributions of star-disk interactions to X-ray emission. Regardless, these results demonstrate that analysis of archival ROSAT X-ray spectral data can help both to identify nearby, young associations and to ascertain the X-ray emission properties of members of known associations.
Evidence that somatic and sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters, not circulating epinephrine, mediate the immediate responses to a sudden threat in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

The qualitative and quantitative temporal effects of a 2-min handling stress, both with and without pretreatment with tubocurarine, and the intraaortic infusion of epinephrine, both with and without pretreatment with a combination of phentolamine and propranolol, on plasma lactate, glucose, and hematocrit levels were compared in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). The drugs and epinephrine were administered, and serial blood samples were collected, via a nonocclusive cannula chronically placed in the left aortic arch. Plasma lactate and glucose were measured by standard enzymatic procedures. Plasma lactate rose approximately 92% by the end of the 2-min handling period and to maxima of 1,091 ± 476% greater than the time-zero levels by 15 min. The hematocrit also increased rapidly to maxima of 11 ± 3.1% greater than the time-zero levels by 5 min. Plasma glucose levels did not change significantly. The handling-induced lactate and hematocrit increases were prevented by pretreatment with tubocurarine that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the skeletal muscle neuroeffector junction. Epinephrine infusion resulted in delayed, comparatively slow increases in plasma lactate, glucose, and the hematocrit. The peak levels for lactate were 334 ± 92% by 6 hr, for glucose were 135 ± 8% by 90 min, and for hematocrit were 10.9 ± 5.6% by 90 min. Pretreatment with the combination of phentolamine and propranolol that blocks mammalian “alpha” and “beta” adrenergic receptors, respectively, prevented the epinephrine-induced increases in glucose and hematocrit levels, but not the plasma lactate increases. The results support the conclusion that the immediate responses of the alligator to a sudden threat are mediated by the synergistic effects of the somatic nervous system neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released at the skeletal muscle neuroeffector junction, and the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter (presumably norepinephrine), released at the neuroeffector junctions of the relevant visceral tissues and organs. In contrast, the participation of adrenal chromaffin tissue epinephrine secretion in the immediate responses is precluded by the long circulation and response times.
Carotenoid diagenesis in recent marine sediments—I. The Peru continental shelf (15°S, 75°W)

Abstract We report here the distribution of carotenoids in Peru marine surface sediments, including partial identification of 37 pigments, 33 of which have not been previously reported to occur in marine sediments. Our analysis demonstrates that zooplanktonic crustacea, diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptomonads, purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria, and unidentified species of photosynthetic bacteria are contributors to sedimentary organic matter. Fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, diadinoxanthin, peridinin and peridininol, the principal carotenoids of diatoms and dinoflagellates observed in sediment traps, are nearly absent from our sample, even though these phytoplankton are the primary source of organic matter. We attribute this to the presence of 5,6 epoxides in these pigments, a feature which causes rapid cleavage of the polyene and fragmentation to low molecular weight compounds.
Improved activation cross sections for vanadium and titanium

Vanadium alloys such as V-20Ti and V-Cr-Ti are attractive candidates for use as structural materials in fusion-reactor blankets. The virtual absence of long-lived activation products in these alloys suggests the possibility of reprocessing on an intermediate time scale. We have employed the modern Hauser-Feshbach nuclear-model code GNASH to calculate cross sections for neutron-activation reactions in 50V and 51V, to allow a more accurate assessment of induced radioactivity in vanadium alloys. In addition, cross sections are calculated for the reactions 46Ti(n,2n) and 45Ti(n,2n) in order to estimate the production of 44Ti, a 1.2-MeV gamma-ray source with a half-life of 47 years.
Studies of electrode resistance in the electrochemical cell

Abstract With thin metal films used as electrodes, double-layer processes can be tracked and identified by the complimentary technique of electrode resistance monitoring. This is demonstrated with chloride adsorption and lead underpotential deposition on gold electrodes. An example of the latter system with the process of controlled electrode emersion is included where the continuously measured resistance clearly shows that the lead adlayer is removed completely intact with the electrode. A simple model for adionic effects on conduction electron scattering at metal surfaces is proposed and found to correlate well with the experiment. The merits of the electrode resistance measurement for in situ studies are discussed.
The effect of anti-CD3-immunotoxin on T lymphocyte function in vitro

Recent advances in the design of immunotoxins (IT) have yielded significant improvements. FN18-CRM9, a construct of anti-CD3 epsilon mAb FN18 and mutated diphtheria toxin CRM9 has exhibited high specificity, low systemic toxicity and unusual efficacy compared to previous iterations of immunotoxins. Others and we have examined this anti-CD3-IT for the purpose of inducing immunological tolerance through selective ablation of T cells in rhesus macaques and have obtained encouraging results. In order to characterize its mode of action, we have examined its effects on peripheral blood and lymph node T cell killing in vitro. We have studied the cytotoxic mechanism induced by this anti-CD3-IT as well as its effects on proliferation, phenotypic changes and cytokine production (IL2, IFN gamma and TNF alpha). The results indicate that anti-CD3-IT was highly specific for T cell killing at doses as low as 1 x 10(6) micrograms/ml and showed a maximal effect at 48 h after exposure. The toxicity was restricted to T cells, as B cells and other bystander cells were spared. This immunotoxin was shown to induce T cell apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL assay, DNA content and cytotoxicity. Fas expression was upregulated on T cells within 24 h after in vitro exposure to anti-CD3-IT, suggesting an early T cell activation phase prior to T cell death. T cell killing was manifest as an early cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase transition, which appeared to virtually eliminate the production of cytokines. These findings corroborate the temporal, specificity and quantitative patterns for anti-CD3 immunotoxin administration previously observed in vivo.
System for the comprehensive analysis of multiple sclerosis lesion load based on MR imagery

The system is based on the premise that, in the two related tasks required for object definition, namely object recognition and delineation, human operators usually outperform computer algorithms in recognition and it is vice versa for delineation. In our system, some global recognition help is therefore taken from operators, while delineation is done automatically using fuzzy topological algorithms. The lesion quantification methods for the various protocols differ somewhat but follow this general framework. All objects are extracted as 3D fuzzy connected objects. For combining inter- and intra-protocol longitudinal information, fuzzy object registration algorithms are developed and incorporated into the system. A variety of validation studies have been conducted for all protocols to test inter- and intra-operator variations, repeat scan variations, and accuracy in terms of false positive and false negative volume fractions. They all indicate a value of less than 1.5 percent for these factors. THe operator time taken per 3D study varies between 1-20 minutes.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biochemical relationships between Reye's and Reye's-like metabolic and toxicological syndromes.

Reye’s syndrome is a hepatic encephalopathy with fatty infiltration of the liver and is due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Knowledge of the mechanisms causing Reye’s syndrome has been gained from the study of Reye’s syndrome-like diseases, including inborn errors of mitochondrial energy production, viral disease and toxicological injury. Entry of fatty acids into mitochondria or β-oxidation itself may be impaired. Toxins such as hypoglycin, pentanoate, valproate, salicylate, and their metabolites inhibit β-oxidation pathways and can produce Reye’s syndrome-like presentations. Biochemical manifestations of the diverse causes of Reye’s syndrome-like disorders are similar and include: hypoglycaemia due to impaired gluconeogenesis, accumulation of fatty acids, fatty acyl CoAs, and acyl carnitines with depletion of free CoA and carnitine. Accumulated products may further injure mitochondria and exacerbate impaired β-oxidation, uncouple oxidative phosphorylation or increase mitochondrial permeability. Mitochondrial swelling and steatosis of hepatic cells are the histological result.
A low cost X-ray meter for the developing world to verify X-ray tube function

Degradation of X-ray tubes in the developing world is a major concern because it can lead to an insufficient dosage of ionizing radiation to patients, and create the need to re-scan patients. Current techniques used to assess X-ray tube function are unaffordable in developing world countries. Thus a method of reliably detecting tube failure needs to be developed. An X-ray meter was developed in this project, consisting of a digital circuit that can process a signal obtained from a custom-made X-ray detector. The output of this meter displays the exposure time in milliseconds and indicates X-ray tube quality as acceptable or unacceptable.
A school-age boys/single mothers group.

A group psychotherapy model is presented to treat school-age boys with moderately severe behavior problems and their single mothers. The model combines features of traditional latency-age groups and the more recently described multiple-family groups. The specific developmental difficulties encountered by the boys, such as residual conflicts related to separation/individuation and sexual identity, are discussed and group dynamics involving these issues are explored. In view of the increasing number of single-parent families in the United States, this model provides a cost-effective means of offering psychotherapeutic treatment to the children of such families in a clinic setting.
Other People as a Source of Interest in an Activity

Abstract Two studies examined how the social context may contribute to interest in performing an achievement task. Based on Sansone and Harackiewicz' (1996) model, we predicted that individuals high in interpersonal orientation would be more likely to approach achievement tasks with interpersonal goals. They would be in greater match with the activity when performance takes place in a social context and as a result have greater interest in the activity than when working alone. The first study used Deci and Ryan's (1985b) motivational orientation scale to assess characteristic differences in how individuals who differed in interpersonal orientation would approach problem-solving that involved another person. In Study 2, individuals who differed in interpersonal orientation performed an achievement task in one of three contexts: alone, alongside another person (a confederate) but with independent achievement goals, or with another person (a confederate) with a common achievement goal. Results suggested that individuals high in interpersonal orientation found the activity more interesting and were more likely to engage in similar activities in the future when they worked on the task in the presence of the confederate, with no differences between the two confederate-present conditions. They were also more likely to approach the activity with a tendency to include the other person in the process (both on- and off-task), and their interest was positively predicted by the other person's behaviors. Individuals low in interpersonal orientation had a more mixed set of results. Implications for theoretical models of intrinsic motivation as well as gender applications are discussed.
Central sleep apnea in patients with congestive heart failure

Central apnea during sleep represents a manifestation of breathing instability in many clinical conditions of varied etiologies. Central apnea is the result of transient cessation of ventilatory motor output, which represents that inhibitory influences favoring instability predominate over excitatory influence favoring stable breathing. This article will review the determinants of central apnea, the specific features of CHF-related central apnea, and outline a management approach
Kinetics of acid hydrolysis of corn stover

Abstract A small-scale steam-injection plug-flow reactor was developed and employed to obtain kinetic parameters under experimental conditions of potential commercial interest. Using dilute H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst, glucose yields are maximized at short residence times (e.g. 6 sec) and high temperatures (e.g. 240°C). At such short residence times, glucose decomposition reactions become important and the glucose kinetic parameters were, therefore, determined in a separate study. In this study, these values were imposed in the determination of the kinetic parameters used to represent the hydrolysis of the glucan in corn stover.
Gas-surface scattering from W(100): Kinetic energy dependence of the effective corrugation

Abstract Angular and velocity distributions have been obtained for the scattering of argon and N 2 from a W(100) surface for incidence energies, E i , in the range 0.03–5.5 eV, and surface temperatures, T s , from 90 to 1700 K. For E i 60° FWHM) which are relatively insensitive to T s and velocity distributions which are inconsistent with parallel momentum conservation, indicating a relatively corrugated interaction potential. Increasing E i first causes a rapid narrowing in these distributions, but as E i exceeds ~ 2 eV, they broaden again, as the effective corrugation again becomes large.
Inherent Antibacterial Activity of a Peptide-Based β-Hairpin Hydrogel

Among several important considerations for implantation of a biomaterial, a main concern is the introduction of infection. We have designed a hydrogel scaffold from the self-assembling peptide, MAX1, for tissue regeneration applications whose surface exhibits inherent antibacterial activity. In experiments where MAX1 gels are challenged with bacterial solutions ranging in concentrations from 2 × 103 colony forming units (CFUs)/dm2 to 2 × 109 CFUs/dm2, gel surfaces exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Results show that the hydrogel surface is active against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, all prevalent in hospital settings. Live−dead assays employing laser scanning confocal microscopy show that bacteria are killed when they engage the surface. In addition, the surface of MAX1 hydrogels was shown to cause inner and outer membrane disruption in experiments that moni...
Preparation and pharmacological screening of indanethylamines related to tryptamine

Abstract A series of mono- and di-N-substituted 2-(1-indanyl)-ethyla mines was prepared and screened for monoa mine oxidase inhibition and serotonin antagonism. Synthetic methods for their preparation are described, and the procedures used for their screening along with the activity found are discussed.
Thermal expansion of Ti5Si3 with Ge, B, C, N, or O additions

The crystallographic thermal expansion coefficients of Ti5Si3 from 20 to 1000 °C as a function of B, C, N, O, or Ge content were measured by high-temperature x-ray diffraction using synchrotron sources at Cornell University (Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source; CHESS) and Argonne National Laboratory (Advanced Photon Source; APS). Whereas the ratio of the thermal expansion coefficients along the c and a axes was approximately 3 for pure Ti5Si3, this ratio decreased to about 2 when B, C, or N atoms were added. Additions of O and Ge were less efficient at reducing this thermal expansion anisotropy. The extent by which the thermal expansion was changed when B, C, N, or O atoms were added to Ti5Si3 correlated with their expected effect on bonding in Ti5Si3.
Convergent Validity of the School Social Behavior Scales with the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher's Report Form

The School Social Behavior Scales (SSBS) is a relatively new teacher-report instrument for assessing social competence and antisocial behavior. The present study investigated the convergent validity of SSBS data with a sample of nonreferred school children. Teachers of participating children (N = 210) completed the SSBS and the Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher's Report Form, and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Internal consistency reliability of SSBS subscale and total scale data were all high. Correlations between subscale and total scores of the SSBS, CBCL, and TRF were moderate and in the expected direction. Results of the present study provide additional support for the reliability and validity of SSBS data. Additionally, results suggest that the SSBS can be used with confidence for accurate, time-efficient assessment of social behavior in a school setting.
Kinetics of Nitrification in Selected Iowa Soils Treated with Stay‐N 2000

Abstract The effectiveness of Stay‐N 2000 or reformulated nitrapyrin [2‐chloro‐6‐(tricholoromethyl) pyridine] was investigated in two Iowa soils representative of Clarion and Okoboji soils that differed in organic carbon, pH, and texture. A nonlinear regression was used to estimate kinetic parameters. The maximum nitrification rate (K max) and the duration of lag period (t′) were derived from the equation to characterize the nitrification process in both soils. Stay‐N 2000 appeared to be a better inhibitor than nitrapyrin to extend t′ and as effective as nitrapyrin in reducing K max. Stay‐N 2000 reduced K max an appreciable amount in the Okoboji soil at the rate of 12 µg a.i. g−1 soil or three times the recommended rate. Nitrification rates were affected by the rates of nitrogen (N) applied to both soils; the higher the N rates, the higher Kmax, and the more the nitrate (NO3 −)‐N accumulation.
Climatology and storm time dependence of nighttime thermospheric neutral winds over Millstone Hill

[1] We use 630.0 nm nightglow Fabry-Perot measurements over Millstone Hill from 1989–1999 to study the climatology and storm time dependence of the midlatitude thermospheric winds. Our quiet time wind patterns are consistent with results from earlier studies. We determine the perturbation winds by subtracting from each measurement the corresponding quiet time averages. The climatological zonal disturbance winds are largely independent of season and solar flux and show large early night westward and small late-night eastward winds similar to disturbance ion drifts. The meridional perturbation winds vary strongly with season and solar flux. When the solar flux is low, the winter and equinox average meridional winds change from equatorward to poleward at ∼2200 LT, and the summer winds are equatorward throughout the night. The high solar flux meridional winds are poleward, with magnitudes increasing from dawn to dusk at all seasons. These disturbance winds patterns are in poor agreement with results from the empirical horizontal wind model, HWM-93. The zonal and meridional disturbance winds show very large variations relative to their average values. We have also studied the time-dependent response of the midlatitude thermospheric winds to enhanced magnetic activity. The early night westward winds build up to large amplitudes (about twice their climatological values) in ∼6 hours; the late-night eastward winds are smaller and reach their peak values ∼3 hours after the increase in magnetic activity. The storm time dependence of the meridional winds is considerably more complex than that of the zonal winds, and it varies with season and solar flux. Following enhanced magnetic activity, equatorward winds are observed at all local times and seasons, but the increase of their amplitudes with storm time is fastest in the late local time sector. Near midnight, and when the solar flux is low, the meridional winds reverse from equatorward to poleward ∼6–10 hours after the increase in magnetic activity. This reversal is fastest (slowest) during December (June) solstice. At later local times, and for high solar flux conditions, the variation of the meridional disturbance winds is season independent. The observed storm time dependence partly explains the large variability of the disturbance winds.
Are Glycosyl Triflates Intermediates in the Sulfoxide Glycosylation Method? A Chemical and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR Spectroscopic Investigation

The title question is addressed by low-temperature 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopies in CD2Cl2 as well as by the preparation of authentic samples from glycopyranosyl bromides and AgOTf. At −78 °C glycosyl triflates are cleanly generated with either nonparticipating or particpating protecting groups at O-2. The glycosyl triflates identified in this manner were allowed to react with methanol, resulting in the formation of methyl glycosides. Glycosyl triflates were generated at −78 °C in CD2Cl2 and allowed to warm gradually until decomposition was detected by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The decomposition temperature and products are functions of the protecting groups employed.
Classification of boreal macrotidal littoral zone habitats in the Gulf of Maine: comparison of IKONOS and CASI multispectral imagery

Increasingly, remote sensing has become a useful tool for mapping and measuring terrestrial and aquatic environments. Advances in the spatial and spectral resolution of satellite-borne sensors have allowed affordable investigations of littoral macrotidal coastal systems that previously required more costly aircraft-based imagery. In this communication, we compare the results from analysis of a 4 m spatial resolution, multispectral IKONOS satellite image of the intertidal habitats of Islesboro, Maine, USA with that of an aerial compact airborne spectral imager survey of the same regions captured 4 years earlier. There was 72% agreement between the surveys in spite of the temporal gaps between the images. Accuracy varied by habitat class and the perceived error can be assigned to temporal and definitional issues rather than basic acquisition and analytic protocols. Most of the error can be explained by: (1) inadequacy of training sites, (2) temporal variations and (3) class definitions. We conclude that IKO...
Founding an Organization Theory of Work Policy as Imperative Regimes of Regulated Freedom for ITC Development

This paper proposes a theory of imperative regimes of regulated freedom as they relate to the development of policy for Information Communication Technology. Policy is characterized here as an imperative regime of regulated freedom, guiding people in both objective (regulated reasoning) and subjective (heuristic common-sense freedom) decision making to guide communities’ to achieve needed work outcomes. The paper includes: researching organizing as being the practical nature of our work, building a new theory of reorganization for people working, developing human imperative regimes of regulated freedom to guide communities’ work, and developing policies which are societies’ own artifacts helping communities work together. The paper then focuses on the human work domain, which involves policy making governing societies’ cultural and social organizations, in general, and the importance of policymaking for Information Communication Technology, in particular.
American Religion: Will it Heal or Divide the Nation?

During the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, most American sociologists ignored religion. All this changed in the late 1970s with the cultural and political (though per haps not numeric) rise of conservative Amer ican religion. As religion reappeared on the radar screens of American sociologists, two somewhat contradictory lines of inquiry emerged, one wary and one hopeful. The wary perspective sees religion, espe cially certain types of religion, and differ ences between religious groups, as a re emerging source of conflict and potential vi olence in America. Will newly strident and more demanding religious groups increasing ly come into conflict with the nation's demo cratic ideals, especially if some of these groups find government "by the people" less compelling than doing God's will as they un derstand it? Framing the issues somewhat dif ferently, Hunter (1991) argues that America is experiencing a new "culture war" between orthodox and progressive factions with peo ple on both sides motivated by strong reli gious, or at least moral, convictions. Divi sions between religious groups have long been a source of conflict in America, espe cially conflicts between Protestants, Catho lics, and Jews, but as Herberg (1960) notes, these groups seemed to have reached a de tente in the late 1950s. Since then, however, the religious landscape has changed. Large numbers of Muslims, Hindus, and other non Christian immigrants have come to America, many from non-Western nations. For a brief time following 9/11, some Americans wor ried that a few of these new immigrants might be religious fundamentalists of the type that carried out the attacks. Although these concerns seem to have subsided some what, Americans' suspicions and general lack of knowledge about the new immigrants' be liefs and values could be a recipe for misun derstanding and violence. A second, more hopeful, strand in recent sociological thinking about American religion emerged in the last part of the twentieth cen tury. This line of thought goes back at least Congregations in America, by Mark Chaves. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. 291 pp. $29.95 cloth. ISBN: 0674012844.
Structures of benzo(a)pyrene–nucleic acid adducts formed in human and bovine bronchial explants

PUBLICATION by Sims et al. of evidence that the 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is a metabolic intermediate in the covalent binding of this ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to DNA in hamster embryo cells1 was followed by many related publications2. Grover et al.3 also obtained evidence that the same derivative is involved in the binding of BP to the DNA of human bronchial explants, although details of the specific isomer involved and of the structure of the adduct were not reported. We describe here studies on RNA and DNA adducts formed by human bronchial explants and provide evidence that the structures of the major adducts are similar to those formed in the analogous bovine system.
It's 2012, So Why Am I Driving a 1972 Bug?

Several approaches that could be implemented on any platform via any methodology would greatly increase the odds of the successful deployment of a working information system.
Potential of organic cation-saturated montmorillonite as treatment for poisoning by weak bases

The preferential adsorption of the protonated form of weak bases by montmorillonite causes an increase in the pKeff of atrazine. The effect on the acid–base equilibrium of atrazine is related to the exchangeable cation on the surface of montmorillonite. The greatest effect was produced by the presence of 3-hydroxypropylammonium-saturated montmorillonite, which caused the pKeff of atrazine to increase 5.3 units to 6.9. This shift in pKeff causes the protonated form of atrazine to be the predominate species in the pH range encountered in the GI tract and should result in a high degree of adsorption of atrazine. Fraction-bound studies confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating virtually complete adsorption of atrazine by 3-hydroxypropylammonium-saturated montmorillonite up to pH 6. The fraction-bound studies also verified that protonated atrazine is adsorbed more completely by 3-hydroxypro-pylammonium-saturated montmorillonite than by bentonite USP or sodium-saturated montmorillonite. It is believed that saturation of the clay surface by an organic cation alters the surface environment of the clay, which results in enhanced adsorption of the protonated form of atrazine. The potential utility of montmorillonite saturated with an organic cation as an adsorbent for the emergency treatment of poisoning by weak bases is suggested.
Carboxyhemoglobin Caused by Smoking Nonnicotine Cigarettes Effects in Angina Pectoris

The effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels caused by smoking nonnicotine cigarettes upon exercise-induced angina were investigated in 10 patients. The mean carboxyhemoglobin level after smoking eight nonnicotine cigarettes, one every 30 minutes, rose from 1.58 to 7.79%. Smoking significantly decreased the mean exercise time from the onset of exercise until the onset of angina from 109.8 to 83.5 seconds. There was significantly less of an increase in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate after exercise-induced angina after smoking compared to the nonsmoking state. Smoking nonnicotine cigarettes increased the carboxyhemoglobin level, decreasing the rate of oxygen deliverability to the myocardium, with angina developing sooner, following less cardiac work.
Global phase diagram for a three-component model

The global phase diagram in a five-dimensional parameter space is described for a model which can be thought of as the "regular-solution" model of a ternary mixture or the mean-field approximation to a spin-1 Ising ferromagnet with a general nearest-neighbor interaction (the Blume-Capel model). The model possesses three fourth-order critical points (known from previous work) which are connected to a total of nine lines of tricritical points. Four manifolds of four-phase coexistence occur along with three manifolds of double critical points and six manifolds of critical double-end points. The locations of all significant features of the phase diagram are described qualitatively, and quantitative results are provided for some of the manifolds of lower dimension. Computational procedures are described which permit a detailed exploration of any portion of the phase diagram which may be of interest.
Resolving fundamental issues of slowness in envelope simulation methods

Fourier-envelope algorithms are an important component of the mixed-signal/RF verification toolbox. In this article the unpredictability and lack of robustness that has been reported for these algorithms is addressed. It is shown that the problem stems from “slow” envelopes that fundamentally feature fast oscillations. We demonstrate that this is related to the fact that the envelope equations are always stiff, whether or not the underlying system is. We show that careful choice of the envelope initial conditions is necessary to obtain useful solutions, and propose two techniques for finding good initial conditions. By applying these techniques and solving the envelope equations with stiffly-stable numerical methods, we obtain a robust and reliable Fourier-envelope method. The new methods are illustrated by a direct-downconversion mixer circuit. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.
Guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage with a platelet concentrate graft: a 3-year follow-up case series.

Background: A platelet concentrate graft (PCG) was applied underneath the barrier membrane in guided tissue regeneration (GTR)–based root coverage procedures. The purpose of this case study was to assess the effectiveness of the technique and the long-term outcomes.Methods: Thirty-seven Miller Class I or II recession defects in six patients were treated using the PCG and a collagen membrane covered by an advanced mucogingival flap. Clinical parameters, such as vertical gingival recession depth (VRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and width of keratinized tissue (WKT), were recorded presurgery (at baseline [BL]) and at 6 and 36 months of follow-up. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to assess statistical significance (α = 0.05).Results: Between BL and 6 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in VRD (from 2.81 ± 0.88 mm to 0.30 ± 0.48 mm) and PD (from 2.59 ± 0.50 mm to 1.14 ± 0.35 mm), as well as an improvement in CAL (from 5.41 ± 0.86 m...
Theoretical study of stress concentrations at circular holes and inclusions in strain hardening materials

Nonlinear boundary value problems of an infinite elastic-plastic plate with a circular hole subjected to pure tension and pure shear at infinity are solved by a method involving Fourier series and finite difference. On the basis of these solutions, the validity of Neuber's relationship between the stress and strain concentration factors for the plane stress problems is examined and a generalized Stowell formula for the stress concentration factor is proposed for problems in which the applied loading may be pure shear as well as pure tension and, furthermore, other stress states. By the same method of solution, the stress distributions around a rigid circular cylindrical inclusion embedded in an infinite rigid-plastic matrix subjected to uniform transverse pure shear and tension are obtained.