cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human activity recognition and mobile sensing for construction simulation

Construction industry has been constantly lagging behind in terms of efficiency and productivity growth. Simulation modeling can be used to improve the productivity of construction workflow processes through modeling uncertainties and stochastic events that may negatively impact project cost and schedule. In the research presented in this paper, mobile sensors coupled with machine learning techniques are used for ubiquitous data collection and human activity recognition (HAR), which will constitute the key input parameters of process simulation modeling. To assess the designed methodology, an experiment is carried out which replicates a warehouse quality control operation. Smartphones mounted on human bodies are used to collect multi-modal time-motion data. Support vector machine (SVM) is then applied to classify workers' and inspectors' activities, and activity durations are subsequently extracted. Finally, a simulation model is built using the output of the HAR phase and rigorously validated and used to analyze workflow processes, productivity, and bottlenecks.
Does the nutrition and food science community value openness

The Budapest Open Access Initiative defined open access as “free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited [1].”
Verified Learning Without Regret

Multiplicative Weights (MW) is a simple yet powerful algorithm for learning linear classifiers, for ensemble learning a la boosting, for approximately solving linear and semidefinite systems, for computing approximate solutions to multicommodity flow problems, and for online convex optimization, among other applications. Recent work in algorithmic game theory, which applies a computational perspective to the design and analysis of systems with mutually competitive actors, has shown that no-regret algorithms like MW naturally drive games toward approximate Coarse Correlated Equilibria (CCEs), and that for certain games, approximate CCEs have bounded cost with respect to the optimal states of such systems.
Provider perceptions of pediatric obesity management in clinical practice

The current study examined the association between barriers that primary care providers (PCPs) face in addressing pediatric obesity and current pediatric weight management practices. Seventy-six (7...
EEG correlates of motor control difficulty in physical human-robot interaction: A frequency domain analysis

This study investigates the relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and motor control difficulty during physical interaction with an admittance controlled robot. Subjects performed a fine cooperative manipulation task, in which the motor control difficulty was manipulated by altering admittance dynamics. To quantify motor control difficulty, an interaction instability index is proposed based on the spectral information of interaction forces. Regression analysis is then performed to construct a model to estimate motor control difficulty from EEG spectral features. The results indicate the reliability of EEG signals as an indicator of motor control difficulty in pHRI.
The Discovery of the Century

On the fifth of October, 1995, astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the Geneva Observatory in Switzerland made an announcement that shocked the world-wide astronomy community: “The presence of a Jupiter-mass companion to the star 51 Pegasi is inferred from observations of periodic variations in the star's radial velocity.”
STRUCTURAL BASIS OF THE REGULATION OF GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes structural basis of the regulation of galactosyltransferase. Of the glycosyltransferases that are involved in the assembly of the oligosaccharide moieties of N-glycosidically linked glycoproteins, the most extensively characterized enzyme is the galactosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose into a β1–4 linkage with nonreducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).This reaction, like a number of other terminal proteins processing events, occurs in the Golgi apparatus; the galactosyltransferase is an intrinsic component of these membranes in many mammalian cells. Although at its intracellular site of action, galactosyltransferase is membrane-bound, soluble forms are also present in secretions such as milk, colostrum, and serum. The soluble enzymes are readily purified by affinity chromatography procedures and have been used for most studies of the properties of galactosyltransferase. The enzyme from bovine colostrum used in the studies described in this chapter is a glycoprotein of molecular weight 50,000 whereas the enzyme from milk contains a number of components differing in molecular weight the largest of which is similar to the colostrum enzyme. These appear to be the products of proteolytic action.
Make medical notes better and faster with macros.

You can use your word processing program to create notes almost instantly – even if you’re not a great typist.
Toward improving surgical outcomes by incorporating cognitive load measurement into process-driven guidance

This paper summarizes the accomplishments and recent directions of our medical safety project. Our process-based approach uses a detailed, rigorously-defined, and carefully validated process model to provide a dynamically updated, context-aware and thus, "Smart" Checklist to help process performers understand and manage their pending tasks [7]. This paper focuses on support for teams of performers, working independently as well as in close collaboration, in stressful situations that are life critical. Our recent work has three main thrusts: provide effective real-time guidance for closely collaborating teams; develop and evaluate techniques for measuring cognitive load based on biometric observations and human surveys; and, using these measurements plus analysis and discrete event process simulation, predict cognitive load throughout the process model and propose process modifications to help performers better manage high cognitive load situations. This project is a collaboration among software engineers, surgical team members, human factors researchers, and medical equipment instrumentation experts. Experimental prototype capabilities are being built and evaluated based upon process models of two cardiovascular surgery processes, Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). In this paper we describe our approach for each of the three research thrusts by illustrating our work for heparinization, a common subprocess of both AVR and CABG. Heparinization is a high-risk error-prone procedure that involves complex team interactions and thus highlights the importance of this work for improving patient outcomes.
TCT-607 Protein Caloric Malnutrition is Associated With Adverse Outcomes Following TAVR

Although malnutrition is a well-established predictor of adverse outcomes following open surgery, its impact in patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of protein caloric deficiency on mortality, complications, length of
Type I AV fistula of the thoracic spinal cord.

Abstract Type I AV fistulas of the spinal cord are exceedingly rare. The average age at diagnosis is 50. Clinical presentation is often very non-specific, and sensory deficits and sphincter dysfunction may also occur. Neurological deterioration is generally gradual. Thus, failure to diagnosis frequently results in permanent disability. A 22-year-old female complained of a “muscle spasm” in the midline thoracic area with no history of trauma or prior occurrence. She also experienced bilateral lower extremity weakness/numbness and perianal anesthesia. She is a healthy female with no medical problems. Exam revealed lower extremity motor function of 1/5 as well as diminished sensation. A foley catheter was placed for urinary retention. The remainder of the neurological exam was normal. MRI demonstrated a lesion at the fourth thoracic level with significant cord compression. The patient was taken emergently to the operating room by neurosurgery. This case demonstrates a rare disorder occurring in a 22-year old female, far younger than the typical 50-year old patient. Moreover, the lesion was located in the thoracic rather than the typical lumbar cord. Symptoms may be misinterpreted as a peripheral nerve lesion and delay time to diagnosis. Early diagnosis remains critical to prevent permanent neurologic sequelae. AV fistula should remain high on the differential of patients presenting with back pain and focal neurologic complaints.
Association Between Parental Understanding of Pitch Smart Guidelines and Youth Baseball Player Injuries.

Background:Injuries continue to rise among youth baseball players despite extensive research into prevention and the availability of throwing guidelines such as Pitch Smart. More research is needed...
Etiological and Epidemiological Aspects

Brain and other central nervous system tumors are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, causing nearly 15,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. Epidemiologic studies have helped elucidate aspects of brain tumor etiology by tracking patterns of tumor incidence and mortality and by identifying potential risk factors for tumor development. With respect to glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidence rates are elevated among men and individuals of Caucasian ethnicity. High-dose ionizing radiation has been established as a major risk factor for glioma development, and evidence has accumulated that a history of allergies and atopy is inversely associated with glioma risk. Recognized genetic risk factors for glioma include both rare germline mutations underlying several familial cancer syndromes and 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms as of the most recent and largest genome-wide association study to date. Here, the current state of knowledge on brain tumor epidemiology and etiology is discussed, with an emphasis on glioma and meningioma in adults. Key challenges and open questions in the field are highlighted.
Alpha-hydroxy cyclopentenones from alpha-diketones.

Metalloenolates derived from α,β-unsaturated α-diketones undergo cyclization to α-hydroxy cyclopentenones. This is apparently the first reported Nazarov reaction that takes place in the presence of base.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) in patients with hiatal hernia: clinical outcome and patterns of recurrence.

Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is an effective treatment for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. In early studies, patients with a hiatal hernia (HH) ≥ 3 cm were excluded from consideration for implantation and initially the FDA considered its use as “precautionary” in this context. This early approach has led to an attitude of hesitance among some surgeons to offer this therapy to patients with HH. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of HH status on the outcome of MSA and to report the rate of HH recurrence after MSA. This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent MSA between June 2013 and August 2017. Baseline clinical and objective data were collected. Patients were divided into four groups based on HH status: no HH, small HH (< 3 cm), large HH (≥ 3 cm), and paraesophageal hernia (PEH). Patient satisfaction, GERD–HRQL and RSI data, freedom from PPI, need for postoperative dilation, length of hospitalization, 90-day readmission rate, need for device removal, and HH recurrence was compared between groups. There were 350 patients [60% female, mean (SD) age: 53.5 (13.8)] who underwent MSA. There were 65 (18.6%) with no HH, 205 (58.6%) with small HH (< 3 cm), 58 (16.6%) with large HH (≥ 3 cm) and 22 (6.2%) with PEH. At a mean follow-up of 13.6 (10.4) months, the rate of outcome satisfaction was similar between the groups (86%, 87.9%, 92.2% and 93.8%, p = 0.72). This was also true for GERD–HRQL total score clinical improvement (79.1%, 77.8%, 82% and 87.5%, p = 0.77). The rate of postoperative dysphagia (p = 0.33) and freedom from PPIs (p = 0.96) were similar among the four groups. Duration of hospitalization was higher among those with a large HH or PEH, and only PEH patients had a higher 90-day readmission rate (p = 0.0004). There was no difference between the need for dilation among groups (p = 0.13). The need for device removal (5% overall) was similar between the four groups (p = 0.28). HH recurrence was 10% in all groups combined, and only 7 of 240 (2.9%) patients required reoperation; the majority of these patients underwent a minimal dissection approach (no hernia repair) at the index operation. The incidence of recurrent HH increased in direct correlation with the preoperative HH size (0%, 10.1%, 16.6 and 20%, p = 0.032). In the largest series of MSA implantation, we demonstrate that the excellent outcomes and high degree of satisfaction after MSA are independent of the presence or size of HH. Despite higher rates of hernia recurrence in large HH and PEH patients, the rates of postoperative endoscopic intervention, and device removal is similar to those with no or small HH. The minimal dissection approach to MSA should be abandoned.
Port of Shadows: Absence and Love

L’auteur s’interesse au classique de Marcel Carne Quai des brumes (1938), un film reposant sur des oppositions : lumiere et obscurite, vie et mort et, par dessus tout, amour et neant. Les elements ...
Nonneoplastic Solid Mass Lesions of the Pancreas

Nonneoplastic solid mass-like lesions can pose unique diagnostic challenges. Benign lesions presenting as a solid mass on imaging are often sampled with endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy to rule out malignancy. Imaging characteristics can be nonspecific and/or misleading. It is important to recognize key cytomorphologic features and avoid pitfalls in the lesions presented below. Some of these lesions, particularly autoimmune pancreatitis, can mimic carcinoma on both radiology and cytology. There are important clues on the slides as well as in the clinical history and available ancillary studies that can help in distinguishing these lesions. This chapter covers those nonneoplastic lesions that need to be considered when a solid mass-like lesion is encountered in the pancreas or peripancreatic tissue.
Inflammation in Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our understanding of how inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of HF. However, although numerous studies have validated the association between measures of inflammation and HF severity and prognosis, clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies have proven mostly unsuccessful. On this backdrop emerges the yet unmet goal of targeting precise phenotypes within the syndrome of HF; if such precise definitions can be realized, and with better understanding of the roles played by specific inflammatory mediators, the expectation is that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies may improve prognosis in patients whose HF is driven by inflammatory pathobiology. Here, the authors describe mechanistic links between inflammation and HF, discuss traditional and novel inflammatory biomarkers, and summarize the latest evidence from clinical trials of anti-inflammatory therapies.
Incarceration as a Reason for US Alcohol and Drug Treatment Non-completion: a Multilevel Analysis of Racial/Ethnic and Sex Disparities.

Incarceration may be an overlooked reason for treatment non-completion experienced disproportionately by African Americans. This study utilized multilevel logistic regression to model treatment non-completion due to incarceration using the 2015–2016 Treatment Episode Dataset–Discharges. Among a sample restricted to treatment non-completers (n = 306,008), 5% terminated treatment because they became incarcerated (n = 13,082), which varied widely by demographics and by state. In Idaho, 46% of African Americans terminated treatment because they became incarcerated. Women had lower odds of treatment non-completion than men, and the effect of sex was strongest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.26–0.34). Among men, all racial/ethnic minority groups demonstrated significantly higher odds of treatment non-completion due to incarceration compared with Whites, and the strongest effect was among African Americans (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.44). Incarceration as a reason for treatment non-completion disproportionately affects African Americans and men and varies by state. Interventions targeting incarceration alternatives should be availed to racial/ethnic minorities already participating in treatment.
Multi-period Power System State Estimation with PMUs Under GPS Spoofing Attacks

This paper introduces a dynamic network model together with a phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurement model suitable for power system state estimation under spoofing attacks on the global positioning system (GPS) receivers of PMUs. The spoofing attacks may introduce time-varying phase offsets in the affected PMU measurements. An algorithm is developed to jointly estimate the state of the network, which amounts to the nodal voltages in rectangular coordinates, as well as the time-varying attacks. The algorithm features closed-form updates. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified on the standard IEEE transmission networks. It is numerically shown that the estimation performance is improved when the dynamic network model is accounted for compared with a previously reported static approach.
New algorithms for modular inversion and representation by the form x2 + 3xy + y2

We observe structure in the sequences of quotients and remainders of the Euclidean algorithm with two families of inputs. Analyzing the remainders, we obtain new algorithms for computing modular inverses and representing prime numbers by the binary quadratic form x2 + 3xy + y2 . The Euclidean algorithm is commenced with inputs from one of the families, and the first remainder less than a predetermined size produces the modular inverse or representation.
Effects of overload mode-mixity on fatigue damage behavior and governing micromechanisms in AA7075 under biaxial fatigue loading

Abstract An investigation into the effects of overload mode-mixity on crack growth behavior and governing micromechanisms of AA7075 T6 has been conducted. Cruciform AA7075 T6 specimens were subjected to constant amplitude planar biaxial fatigue with single overloads, and key fatigue damage behavior, including fatigue life, crack growth rate, and recovery distance, were investigated and correlated to overload parameters. Additionally, SEM fractography was conducted to identify and relate fracture surface features to governing fatigue damage micromechanisms. An increase in fatigue life was observed for all cases of mode-mixity, with the minimum increase occurring at 45°. The mix-mode overloads also caused crack retardation in all cases. In the shear dominant overloads, however, initial post-overload crack acceleration occurred and was immediately followed by crack retardation. Microscale analysis showed distinct fracture features in the pre-overload, transient, and post-overload regions for both tensile and shear dominant overloads.
Circuit-based Inverse Design of Metastructured MIMO Devices

In this work, an inverse design method for multiinput multi-output (MIMO) metastructured devices is developed. Large-scale inverse design problems are difficult to solve directly and often require heuristic methods or design optimization to find a solution. Inherent errors introduced by heuristic methods makes design optimization a more promising route to the realization of high performance devices. Here, a fast frequency domain solver for grids of Y-parameter matrices is developed. The solver is used together with an adjoint-based optimization routine to solve inverse metastructured design problems. The design procedure is demonstrated through the realization of a planar beamforming network for a multi-beam antenna.
The Favor of the People: What Library Leaders can Learn from The Prince

The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is as relevant to leaders today as it was when it was written in the 16th Century. The main message of Machiavelli is to keep the people you lead happy. This runs counter to the incomplete and superficial understanding many people have of Machiavelli. The Prince describes six ways to keep people happy: be a good leader and a competent professional, build and maintain relationships with people, stop problems before they start, empower people, have strong values and high standards, and have a vision. This article will briefly explore each of these areas and describe their importance to library leaders.
Integration: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Business Alliances

This chapter assumes that the goal of the acquirer is integration, immediately after the transaction closes. It discusses a practical process for integrating businesses effectively. The chapter begins by stressing the importance of the integration phase of the acquisition process in contributing to the eventual success of the merger or acquisition. Ineffective integration is the second most commonly cited factor contributing to the failure of mergers and acquisitions to meet or exceed expectations. The factors critical to the success of any integration activity are addressed in the chapter. These include careful premerger planning, candid and continuous communication, the pace at which the businesses are combined, the appointment of an integration manager and team with clearly defined goals and lines of authority, and making the difficult decisions early in the process. The chapter views integration as a process consisting of six activities: planning, developing communication plans, creating a new organization, developing staffing plans, implementing functional integration, and integrating corporate cultures. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how to overcome some of the unique obstacles encountered in integrating business alliances.
The Impacts on Education and Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage and Lessons from Abortion Jurisprudence

One of the most contentious issues to arise in public policy debates concerning the legalization of same-sex marriage is whether legalizing same-sex marriage has a significant detrimental impact on education, particularly public education. However, legal scholarly and professional consideration of this issue is scarce and one sided. This article reviews the evidence that legalizing same-sex marriage has had a serious, profoundly controversial, and arguably detrimental impact on public education. It then explains why legalization of same-sex marriage must have some impact on educational curriculum. When the meaning of marriage changes it must be reflected in the curriculum that covers that subject. Next, the existing constitutional protections against detrimental impacts upon parents’ rights and family integrity interests of legalizing same-sex marriage are reviewed. The article also presents an analogy from abortion jurisprudence that may provide some protection for parental rights to control the education of their children and protect them against some detrimental effects on education from legalizing same-sex marriage. Finally, the article provides some recommendations for legal remedies and community action that may address these concerns.
“Deep in the Heart of Texzines:” Developing an Archival Zine Collection

Zines are increasingly becoming seen as legitimate subjects of collection development in libraries and archives. In this article, the author expands on a poster he co-created for the 2014 ALA Annual Conference that discussed the genesis and development of a zine collection at Cushing Memorial Library, Texas A&M University. This process involved the creation of a workable collection policy that slotted into existing library collection strategies, the initial and ongoing acquisition of zines, and the development of a promotional event that publicized the zine collection and brought to Texas A&M's campus several zinesters and examples of their alternative voices.
4 NSF opportunities: a program director’s perspective

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1950 “to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to s...
Heavyweight Applications of Lightweight User Models: A Look at Collaborative Filtering, Recommender Systems, and Real-Time Personalization

Real-time personalization is one of the goals behind building effective and accurate user models. A wide variety of applications, from graphical user interfaces to information filtering and retrieval systems to electronic commerce displays, can better serve users if they adapt to user wants and needs. Many personalization systems take a heavyweight approach to personalization-extensive modeling of the problem domain, user tasks, and user preferences. While these heavyweight models can be very successful, they can be extremely challenging to build and adapt, and the effort involved can lead system designers to “cut corners” and reduce their fidelity and effectiveness.
The impact of maternal in utero environment on salt-induced hypertension in the SS rat (1120.4)

There is considerable interest in mechanisms by which environmental factors impact disease phenotypes later in life. We previously demonstrated that SS (Dahl-salt sensitive) male rats fed a grain-based diet (G) show attenuated salt-induced blood pressure increase and renal damage than animals fed a casein-based protein diet, AIN-76a (A). We hypothesized that differences in dietary-induced susceptibility may be driven by the in utero environment of pregnant females fed these different diets. Using SS rats fed the casein-based (SSA), or a grain-based (SSG) diets for many generations, we performed reciprocal embryo transfers, weaned the offspring to a 0.4% NaCl AIN-76A diet for 6 weeks, then switched the rats to a 4.0% NaCl AIN-76A diet for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) measurements. Compared to control male F1 generation rats generated by the transfer of SSA embryos into SSA females (SSA>A), F1 males generated by transfer of SSA embryos into SSG female recipients (SSA>G) d...
Efforts Toward "An Ever Closer" European Union Confront Immigration Barriers

The single European market envisioned by the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community has evolved from the limited focus on economic unity to the greater goal of social and political unity. This change in focus is illustrated (at least symbolically) by the evolution of the name given to this collaboration which has changed from "European Economic Community" to "European Community" and most recently to "European Union" (EU) or "the Union."1 But what is in a name? The EU is home to millions of non-EU nationals whose status in the Union remains unclear. At minimum, there is an acknowledgment that the free movement of persons (as opposed to just workers or citizens) is essential to achieve a single internal market.2 "There can scarcely be any doubt that the completion of the internal market, which is the ultimate purpose of the Union, depends, in part, on the creation of a common regime on a number of issues pertaining to non European immigration and national rules and policies relating to [third-country nationals]."3 Indeed this goal of free movement of persons is one of the "Four Freedoms" guaranteed by the Treaty on European Union (EU Treaty).4 This paper will discuss some of the developments and setbacks that continue to challenge the formation of a truly united European Union. Although the EU Treaty provides for the principle of free movement of persons, the scope of this guarantee and the manner of its implementation are matters on which the Member States have yet to agree. Underlying the disagreement is whether the free movement of "persons" includes both EU and
The need for dynamic drug policy.

Drug use in a population varies dramatically over time in no small measure due to nonlinear feedback among factors endogenous to the drug system. This suggests that drug policy ought likewise to be dynamic, varying the mix of strategies over time as drug use waxes and wanes. A growing literature that models drug “epidemics” mathematically supports this hypothesis and offers perspectives that may break policy logjams. For example, supply control may be most effective early, in the explosive growth stage of an epidemic. Conversely, treatment and measures to mitigate the consequences of dependent use and flagrant drug markets may have their comparative advantage later, in the endemic stage. Fully harnessing the power of dynamic drug policy will require more research and collection of new types of data, but the promise is worth the effort.
The intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking: Predicting adolescent smoking initiation

This study examined the intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking, as well as the role of these attitudes in adolescents’ smoking initiation. There was evidence of intergenerational transmission of implicit attitudes. Mothers who had more positive implicit attitudes had children with more positive implicit attitudes. In turn, these positive implicit attitudes of adolescents predicted their smoking initiation 18-months later. Moreover, these effects were obtained above and beyond the effects of explicit attitudes. These findings provide the first evidence that the intergenerational transmission of implicit cognition may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of an addictive behavior.
Culture, Ideology, and Interpersonal Communication Research

Traditional interpersonal communication research and theory are limited, first, by a culture-specific system of understandings of the nature of persons, relationships, and communication itself that creates scope conditions for theory that generally go unrecognized, and, second, by focusing on practices and processes of communication without detailed consideration of the culturally shared understandings that make them sensible. In overcoming these limitations, ethnography of speaking is used to describe a notion of interpersonal ideology as a system of beliefs within which people live out their interactional lives. Interpersonal ideology, from this view, is a set of premises about personhood, relationships, and communication that structure negotiation of meaning through language use within a speech community. This conceptualization of ideology is distinguished from a critical approach and illustrated by way of description of three broad categories of interpersonal communication/relationships in which such ...
Not just a matter of criminal justice: States, institutions, and North American drug policy

This article proposes a theoretical approach to illicit-drug policy that emphasizes politics and institutions, as an alternative to dominant perspectives emphasizing social control. After revealing conceptual links between drug-control policies and those of social provision, I describe a typology of drug policies based on the division of labor among the institutions responsible for implementing the legislated agenda. I then develop a theoretical argument that approaches drug policy as social policy, employing concepts of institutional reach and policy linkages. In the concluding section I use this approach to compare drug policies in the United States and Canada after 1980.
The geometry of efficient fair division

0. Preface 1. Notation and preliminaries 2. Geometric object #1a: the individual pieces set (IPS) for two players 3. What the IPS tells us about fairness and efficiency in the two-player context 4. The general case of n players 5. What the IPS and the FIPS tell us about fairness and efficiency in the n-player context 6. Characterizing Pareto optimality: introduction and preliminary ideas 7. Characterizing Pareto optimality I: the IPS and optimization of convex combinations of measures 8. Characterizing Pareto optimality II: partition ratios 9. Geometric object #2: The Radon-Nikodym set (RNS) 10. Characterizing Pareto optimality III: the RNS, Weller's construction, and w-association 11. The shape of the IPS 12. The relationship between the IPS and the RNS 13. Other issues involving Weller's construction, partition ratios, and Pareto optimality 14. Strong Pareto optimality 15. Characterizing Pareto optimality using hyperreal numbers 16. The multi-cake individual pieces set (MIPS): symmetry restored.
Economic Consequences of Idiosyncratic Information in Diversified Markets

While most accounting information is idiosyncratic in nature, economy-wide factors such as accounting standards affect the quality of idiosyncratic accounting information of many firms simultaneously. We study idiosyncratic and systematic features of accounting information by embedding a parsimonious, moral hazard problem into the framework of a multi-firm economy. Our model yields the insight that moral hazard distorts the sharing of idiosyncratic risk but does not affect the sharing of systematic risk. We extend this insight to achieve two results. First, the reduction in the risk premium for idiosyncratic risk is not captured by the risk premium of traded shares. Second, an economy-wide improvement in idiosyncratic information quality reduces the risk premium for idiosyncratic risk but increases the risk premium for systematic risk. Thus, its overall effect on the total risk premium is ambiguous and depends on firms’ risk profiles.
Teaching Business Strategy for an Emerging Economy: An Internet-Based Simulation.

Abstract An Internet-based simulation about a business in an emerging economy is presented and described as a crucial ingredient for a business strategy course dealing with emerging economies. The development of the course took place in three separate classes where experiments were conducted regarding the key ingredients necessary for a course designed to teach Business Strategies for an Emerging Economy. The simulation, when coupled with today's dominant strategy paradigm, the Resource Based View, appears to yield a course design that attracts students while emphasizing the actual substance which is crucial in such a course.
REGULATION OF WT1 BY PHOSPHORYLATION : INHIBITION OF DNA BINDING, ALTERATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY AND CELLULAR TRANSLOCATION

Phosphorylation is one of the major post-translational mechanisms by which the activity of transcription factors is regulated. We have investigated the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of nucleic acid binding activity and the nuclear translocation of WT1. Two recombinant WT1 proteins containing the DNA binding domain with or without a three amino acid (KTS) insertion (WT1ZF + KTS and WT1ZF - KTS) were strongly phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro. Both PKA and PKC phosphorylation inhibited the ability of WT1ZF + KTS or WT1ZF - KTS to bind to a sequence derived from the WT1 promoter region in gel mobility shift assays. The binding of WT1ZF - KTS to an EGR1 consensus binding site was also inhibited by prior PKA and PKC phosphorylation. We also demonstrate the RNA binding activity of WT1, but this was not altered by phosphorylation. PKA activation by dibutyryl cAMP in WT1-transfected cells resulted in the reversal of WT1 suppression of a reporter construct. Although WT1 protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus, this expression pattern is altered upon PKA activation, resulting in the cytoplasmic retention of WT1. Accordingly, phosphorylation may play a role in modulating the transcriptional regulatory activity of WT1 through interference with nuclear translocation, as well as by inhibition of WT1 DNA binding.
Explaining the laser's light: classical versus quantum electrodynamics in the 1960s

The laser, first operated in 1960, produced light with coherence properties that demanded explanation. While some attempted a treatment within the framework of classical coherence theory, others insisted that only quantum electrodynamics could give adequate insight and generality. The result was a sharp and rather bitter controversy, conducted over the physics and mathematics that were being deployed, but also over the criteria for doing good science. Three physicists were at the center of this dispute, Emil Wolf, Max Born’s collaborator on a canonical text on optics as a branch of classical electromagnetism, Roy J. Glauber, a student of Julian Schwinger and a high-energy particle theorist, and Leonard Mandel, both experimentalist and theorist and versed in the physics of photodetection. The story told here is thus one of three distinct research trajectories and of the explosion that occurred when, pushed into the well-financed field of laser studies, these trajectories collided.
COEXISTING MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE TREATED WITH STILBAMIDINE

Although present evidence does not indicate any relationship between multiple myeloma and Paget's disease of bone, the authors feel that multiple myeloma should be ruled out, by marrow aspiration or biopsy, in those cases of Paget's disease with welldefined areas of decalcification and no adjacent sclerosis. In the case presented, treatment with stilbamidine (a total of 2.85 grams) caused early disappearance of all pain and increased spinal mobility. Basophilic granules, which had not been present prior to therapy, appeared in the cytoplasm of the myeloma cells. The patient experienced no serious or permanent ill effects attributable to therapy. The transitory ill effects accompanying the administration of stilbamidine can be avoided by certain simple precautions.
Management of Pregnancy in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth defects in humans, affecting approximately 0.8% of all live births. In the past, many of the more severe defects resulted in profound disability and death during childhood, and adult survival was exceptional. The past 4 decades have seen dramatic improvements in the survival and quality of life of patients with the more severe defects. As a result of these improvements, the challenges of caring for adults with congenital heart disease are only now being realized. Most women with congenital heart disease are now expected to reach childbearing age and maternal cardiac disease is the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. As such, appropriate pre-pregnancy counseling and management during pregnancy are fundamental components of the care of these patients. This article describes the circulatory changes that occur during normal pregnancy and delivery, addresses the risks posed during pregnancy by specific congenital lesions, and reviews the current data on pregnancy outcomes in patients with individual congenital defects.
Impact of overlapping drug-eluting stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation for the treatment of single coronary lesions is proven to be effective and durable. However, the safety and efficacy of overlapping SES for the treatment of long lesions have not been well established. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of overlapping versus nonoverlapping SES. Methods: Fifty-five patients who received overlapping SES were compared with 39 patients who received nonoverlapping SES. Results: The baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were balanced between the two study groups. The in-hospital complications were similar between groups, except that non-Q-wave myocardial infarction was significantly higher in the Overlapping SES group when compared with the Nonoverlapping SES group (23.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.04). This higher rate of myonecrosis is due to periprocedural side branch compromises, including side branch narrowing, occlusion, and flow reduction. At 30 days and 6 months follow-up, all clinical outcomes were similar between the study groups. In addition, the event-free survival rate was similar between groups (P = 0.87). Conclusions: The implantation of overlapping SES for the treatment of long, native coronary lesions is feasible and effective but is associated with an increased rate of periprocedural myonecrosis. This phenomenon is caused primarily by side branch compromises, but does not have any adverse impact on late clinical events. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Applications of a Multiplexed GPS User Set

Texas Instruments has developed a multiplexing GPS receiver that has many of the advantages of a continuous receiver at the low cost of a sequencing receiver. The multiplexing concept is explained. The receiver architecture is described. Advantages of multiplexing over the conventional receiver are highlighted. Applications of the multiplexing receiver to meet requirements now being met with single-channel, two-channel, and five-channel sets are discussed. Data comparing the performance of this multiplexing to conventional approaches are presented. A multiplexing GPS receiver solves difficult problems. Several of these applications are presented, including angle determination, single-channel differential GPS, area navigation and precision approach, and geodetic surveying. All applications examined have yielded a unique advantage with the multiplexed GPS receiver over a conventional GPS receiver.
Basic Survival Needs and access to Medicines — Coming to Grips with TRIPS: Conversion + Calculation

"Access to medicines" is a broad concept. After a review of three authoritative frameworks that help to identify its constitutive components, this essay summarizes the actual situation on the ground in low- and middle-income countries on the basis of recent empirical work. An analysis of survey data from 36 countries concluded that developing countries should promote generic medicines as a key policy option for improving access to medicines. Taking an international perspective to that recommendation, this essay reviews the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and, particularly, how this agreement has been applied in practice. As shown by the experience of Thailand, Brazil, and the Philippines, in order to deal effectively with international pressures for an excessive application of the TRIPS Agreement, some sort of conversion experience appears to be required, which then leads to a switch from a private enterprise, supply-driven approach to a public health vision that insists on universal and affordable access. But moral conviction is not sufficient. In order to muster and sustain the political will to face down international forces, civil society and government offices must be able and ready to show the costs and other adverse consequences of the TRIPS-based model for medicines. This calculation needs to reach beyond the health sector and calls for new alliances, nationally as well as internationally.
Influence of ambient salinity on plasma Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in juvenile Mugil cephalus L

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations showed no statistically significant differences among juvenile Mugil cephalus acclimated to a series of ambient salinities ranging from fresh water to full sea water. 2. 2. The overall mean concentration of plasma Ca2+ was found to be 2.55 ± 0.68 mM/1 and of Mg2+, 1.89 ± 0.67 mM/1. 3. 3. These values were found to be near the median values among other euryhaline teleosts, but near the lower end of the range of values for plasma Ca2+ and Mg2+ among stenohaline teleosts, suggesting a narrower range of plasma concentrations of these cations among euryhaline species than among stenohaline forms.
Dirofilaria immitis: heartworm products contract rat trachea in vitro.

Abstract Subtle decreases in racing performance have been noted in asymptomatic greyhounds with heart-worm burdens insufficient to obstruct pulmonary outflow, suggesting that alternative mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of canine heartworm disease. Endotheliumdependent relaxation is depressed in the in vivo femoral artery of heartworm-infected dogs, in the in vitro pulmonary artery from heartworm-infected dogs, and in the in vitro rat aorta exposed to heartworms, heartworm-conditioned medium, and serum from heartworminfected dogs. These findings suggest that circulating filarial factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of heartworm infection. We examined the effect of Dirofilaria immitis, the canine heartworm, on acetylcholine-induced contraction of rat tracheal rings. In epitheliumintact rings, both heartworms and heartworm-conditioned medium increased acetylcholineinduced contraction. Pretreatment of the parasites with aspirin prevented the filarialinduced increase in acetylcholine-induced contraction, suggesting that parasite cyclooxygenase products are responsible for the effect. In addition, heartworms caused contraction in both epithelium-intact and denuded rings and this effect was markedly decreased by pretreatment of the worms with aspirin. Filarial cyclooxygenase metabolites may cause airway hyperreactivity and parasite-derived factors could play a role in the subtle changes in exercise performance seen in asymptomatic greyhounds with low worm burdens. Comparable mechanisms may be operating in other filarial diseases, including those that affect humans in tropical countries.
Salivary Cortisol and Behavioral State Responses of Healthy Newborn Infants to Tactile‐Only and Multisensory Interventions

ABSTRACT Objective To compare changes in stress reactivity (measured via the biomarker salivary cortisol) and behavioral state in healthy newborn infants immediately following 1 of 2 interventions: (1) tactile-only stimulation or (2) a multisensory, auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular stimulation with a control group. Design A randomized prospective design pilot study. Setting Normal newborn nurseries of 2 midwestern perinatal centers. Participants Forty healthy newborn infants receiving standard nursing care. Methods Infants were randomly assigned to receive 15 minutes of tactile-only, auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular, or no stimulation 30 minutes before feeding. Saliva samples were collected before, immediately following, and 10 minutes postintervention. Behavioral state was judged every minute. Results Tactile-only group infants had the largest increase in cortisol levels, followed by control group infants. In contrast, infants who received the multisensory intervention showed a significant steady decline in cortisol. Asleep was the predominant state for all 3 groups and cry was minimal. Conclusions Tactile-only stimulation may increase infant stress reactivity while the benefit of the multisensory auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular intervention may be in the reduction of infant stress reactivity. Interventions appeared to have minimal effect on stress reactivity based on behavioral state.
Oncocytic papillary cystadenomatosis of the larynx. A clinicopathologic entity

A patient with numerous oncocytic lesions of the larynx is reported. Laryngectomy for a concurrent epidermoid carcinoma made it possible to study the entire laryngeal mucosa. A hyperplastic component to the oncocytic metaplasia of the ductal epithelium of the seromucinous glands resulted in a spectrum of lesions varying from simple oncocytic cysts to solid lesions that may be erroneously interpreted as true neoplasms (oncocytomas). Oncocytic papillary cystadenomatosis is a condition affecting the larynx in a diffuse fashion suggesting the need for follow-up on patients with biopsy proven oncocytic lesions.