cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine content following denervation and barbiturates.

Abstract The concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal gland of the dog is comparable in the left and right glands. Denervation of the left adrenal gland does not decrease the levels of these adrenal catecholamines three weeks after denervation. These findings are in keeping with the concept that catecholamine biosynthesis by the adrenal gland is not dependent on adrenal innervation. Other evidence supporting this concept is reviewed. In contrast to prevailing opinion we have found that the catecholamine content of adrenal glands obtained from conscious dogs is comparable to that in animals with general barbiturate anesthesia.
Double-crossed again

An idea that a mineral phase transition may occur not once, but twice, close to the core–mantle boundary has been tested with seismic data. The resulting picture of the deep Earth is sure to provoke debate. A new model of the deep Earth allows geophysicists to measure variations in Earth's temperature near the boundary between the rocky mantle and core. Using a recently discovered phase change in the lowest part of the Earth's mantle, where atoms rearrange themselves in crystals under extreme pressure and temperature, the model also explains odd features of this part of the mantle, such as patchy regions that reflect seismic waves generated by large earthquakes and inferences of dense partial melting. Combined with observations, the results imply very large variations in temperature, providing further evidence for circulation of material throughout the Earth's mantle.
Perceptions of affirmative action among its beneficiaries

Using data obtained through a separate study, interviews with women of color associated with and involved in the development of an affirmative action (AA) program were analyzed in light of Tyler's theories of procedural justice. Interviews were examined for respondents' implicit or explicit judgments of AA as fair or unfair in principle and in practice, and whether respondents used Tyler's six elements of justice criteria (representation, consistency, impartiality, accuracy, correctibility, and ethicality) in their assessments. Tyler's criteria are used by the respondents in their assessments. Beneficiaries perceive AA to be fair in both contexts, although fairer in principle than in practice. The issue of commitment was raised in several contexts as a salient concern of many of the respondents, and several concrete examples of deficiencies and successes in the ways AA is implemented are reported.
War or peace/war and peace

Abstract This article critically discusses several perspectives on the question of war and peace and finds them all inadequate. It argues that empire building induces war, international law is impotent against imperial powers, and national liberation struggles degenerate into local wars. The article argues for a new class perspective which challenges the civilian militarists and Zionists who control U.S. policy.
Automated collection of yield and performance analysis data during UltraSPARC-I microprocessor production test

The UltraSPARC-I microprocessor is tested at several stages in the manufacturing flow to screen out any chips which contain manufacturing defects and to sort chips by speed. Custom test hardware and software have been developed to perform production test of UltraSPARC-I in both wafer and packaged form. To speed up chip yield and performance improvement, we collect detailed yield and performance measurement data during test of every microprocessor manufactured. The data collected includes detailed pass or fail results of individual patterns, performance measurements of maximum operating frequency and Vcc, parametric measurements of transistor saturation currents and ring oscillator frequencies, and Idd measurements. The goal of our data collection is to provide, without the need for engineering retest, immediate diagnostic information on why each chip yielded and performed as it did, enabling yield and performance issues to be quickly identified and subsequently resolved.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Esophagectomy for Benign Disease: Trends in Surgical Results and Management

Background. Esophagectomy for benign disease is uncommon. Methods. From July 1987 to April 1995, 45 consecutive patients (30 men, 15 women; mean age, 50 years) were evaluated in whom the senior author (R.F.H.) performed an esophagectomy, esophageal reconstruction, or both. The study period was divided into two time intervals, July 1987 to January 1992 (time 1) and February 1992 to April 1995 (time 2). Results. Indications for operation included obstruction (23 patients, 51%), benign neoplasia (17,38%), and perforation (5 patients, 11%). A nonthoracotomy approach was used in 19 (42%) patients: 15 transhiatal and 4 substernal. Thoracotomies were performed in 26 (58%) patients through a left thoracoabdominal or multiincisional techniques. Morbidity occurred in 15 (33%) patients, and there was one operative death (2%). Conclusions. Despite an operative morbidity of 33%, esophagectomy for benign disease may be performed with acceptably low mortality. We observed the following trends: (1) an increase in patients with benign neoplasia and a decline in patients with obstruction, (2) an increased use of transhiatal esophagectomy, (3) a decreased use of colon, an increased use of stomach for esophageal replacement; and (4) a decreased length of hospital stay.
A sample changer for automated seawater nutrient analysis systems

Abstract An automatic sample changer based upon a commercially available 20-port rotary valve has been developed for use in automated seawater nutrient analyses. All parts exposed to seawater are of stainless steel, Teflon®, or Kel-F®. The sampler has proven to be rugged and efficient in both shore and shipboard laboratories.
Fear appeals revisited: Testing a unique anti-smoking film

Past research has found that fear-arousing persuasive messages can significantly affect attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. In this study, participants in high and low threat conditions viewed appropriately edited versions of a unique fear appeal video used in the American Lung Association’s anti-smoking campaign, while control condition participants viewed no film. Threat condition participants expressed stronger anti-smoking behavioral intentions than did control condition participants. These results represent the first effectiveness test of this widely used film.
The hydrated intercalation complexes of the layered disulfides

Abstract The ammonia and alkali metal intercalation compounds of the transition metal disulfides form hydration complexes in which the intercalated species are separated by a ring of water. This reaction is readily reversed on heating indicative of the salt-like nature, M+xTaSx−2, of the intercalates. The crystal structures are a function of the ionic size of the intercalated atoms or molecule and the transition metal.
Non-invasive intravascular monitoring in the pediatric hemodialysis population.

Assessment of dry weight in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) patients is difficult, since small fluid shifts may result in dialysis-associated morbidity (DAM) and children may not verbalize complaints. Achieving dry weight is critical since chronic fluid overload can result in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. To determine if non-invasive monitoring of hematocrit (NIVM) is useful in preventing DAM in pediatric HD patients, we reviewed 200 HD treatments performed with or without NIVM (no NIVM). DAM was defined as an ”event” (e.g., hypotension, headache, cramping) that required nursing intervention. Patient age, weight, and gender were similar in both groups. Desired ultrafiltration was obtained in both groups. The event rate was lower in NIVM than no NIVM for all treatments (0.22 vs. 0.3, P=0.07) and significantly lower in patients 8% per hour; 71% of events (43/60) at 90–240 min occurred when blood volume changed >4% per hour. NIVM decreases DAM in pediatric HD patients, especially those <35 kg. Ultrafiltration with blood volume change <8% per hour is safe in the 1st h and <4% after 1 h reduces DAM in children.
Interplay between one-body and collisional damping of collective motion in nuclei.

Damping of giant collective vibrations in nuclei is studied within the framework of the Landau-Vlasov kinetic equation. A phenomenological method of independent sources of dissipation is proposed for taking into account the contributions of one-body dissipation, the relaxation due to the two-body collisions and the particle emission. An expression for the intrinsic width of slow damped collective vibrations is obtained. In the general case, this expression cannot be represented as a sum of the widths associated with the different independent sources of the damping. This is a peculiarity of the collisional Landau-Vlasov equation where the Fermi-surface distortion effect influences both the self-consistent mean field and the memory effect at the relaxation processes. The interplay between the one-body, the two-body, and the particle emission channels which contribute to the formation of the total intrinsic width of the isoscalar 2{sup +} and 3{sup {minus}} and isovector 1{sup {minus}} giant multipole resonances in cold and hot nuclei is discussed. We have shown that the criterion for the transition temperature {ital T}{sub tr} between the zero-sound and first-sound regimes in hot nuclei is different from the case of infinite nuclear matter due to the contribution from the one-body relaxation and the particle emission. Inmore » the case of the isovector GDR the corresponding transition can be reached at temperature {ital T}{sub tr}=4{endash}5 MeV. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less
Serotonin type-1A receptor imaging in depression.

Regional 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptor binding potential (BP) of depressed subjects with primary, recurrent, familial mood disorders was compared to that of healthy controls by using positron emission tomography and [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY-100635 ?[(11)C]N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-N-(2- pyridy l)cyclohexanecarboxamide?. The mean 5-HT(1A) receptor BP was reduced 42% in the midbrain raphe and 25-33% in limbic and neocortical areas in the mesiotemporal, occipital, and parietal cortex. The magnitude of these abnormalities was most prominent in bipolar depressives and unipolar depressives who had bipolar relatives. These abnormal reductions in 5-HT(1A) receptor BP are consistent with in vivo evidence that 5-HT(1A) receptor sensitivity is reduced in major depressive disorder and postmortem data showing a widespread deficit of 5-HT(1A) receptor expression in primary mood disorders.
Analysis of the Turkel-Zwas scheme for the shallow-water equations

Abstract A transfer function analysis is used to analyze the Turkel-Zwas explicit large time step scheme applied to the shallow-water equations. The transfer function concept leads to insight into the behavior of this discretization scheme in terms of comparison between continuous and discrete amplitude, phase, and group velocity coefficients. The dependence of the distortion increases with the increase in the time-step size taken for the Turkel-Zwas scheme, which depends on the ratio between a coarse and a fine mesh. A comparison with earlier results of Schoenstadt (Naval Post-Graduate School Report NPS-53-79-001, 1978 (unpublished)) shows the Turkel-Zwas scheme to give reasonable results up to time steps three times larger than the CFL limit.
Pathways of D-fructose catabolism in species of Pseudomonas.

Cell-free extracts of d-fructose grown cells of Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, P. mendocina, P. acidovorans and P. maltophila catalyzed a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose and contained 1-P-fructokinase activity suggesting that in these species fructuse-1-P and fructose-1,6-P2 were intermediates of d-fructose catabolism. Neither the 1-P-fructokinase nor the activity catalyzing a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose was present in significant amounts in succinate-grown cells indicating that both activities were inducible. Cell-free extracts also contained activities of fructose-1,6-P2 aldolase, fructose-1,6-P2 phosphatase, and P-hexose isomerase which could convert fructose-1,6-P2 to intermediates of either the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Radiolabeling experiments with 1-14C-d-fructose suggested that in P. putida, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, and P. acidovorans most of the alanine was made via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with a minor portion being made via the Embden-meyerhof pathway. An edd- mutant of P. putida which lacked a functional Entner-Doudoroff pathway but was able to grow on d-fructose appeared to make alanine solely via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
Movement and origin of ore fluids in Climax-type systems

Climax-type stockwork molybdenum mineralization records a pervasive, outward-directed movement of ore fluids from a central stock. Recently obtained lead, oxygen, and sulfur isotope data document this phenomenon. Both metals and sulfur are derived in toto from within the stock. Meteoric water and host rocks at upper crustal levels play no role in the ore-forming process. Rather, wallrocks have been chemically overwhelmed by material evolving from the stock complex.
PREDICTORS AND EFFECTS OF SELF‐OBJECTIFICATION IN LESBIANS

The majority of research on self-objectification has focused on heterosexual women's experiences. This study sought to examine experiences of self-objectification in lesbian women. A path model was...
Correlation-based fiber sensor using a holographic matched filter

The principle of a fiber sensor based on an optical correlation technique is described and assessed for its feasibility. The device measures the correlation between the far-field radiation pattern of a multimode sensing fiber and a reference pattern stored in a holographic matched filter. The output is a monotonically decreasing function of the changes in the patterns caused by the perturbance applied to the fiber. The results of some preliminary experiments are discussed and some drawbacks of the technique are pointed out. >
The Interval to Biochemical Failure Is Prognostic for Metastasis, Prostate Cancer-Specific, and Overall Mortality Following Salvage Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose/Objective(s): Recent retrospective reviews have shown that anticoagulant (AC) use improves freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF), freedom from metastasis (FFM) and prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) in men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and definitive radiation therapy (RT). Here we investigated whether AC use predicted clinical outcomes, while also assessing for follow-up bias and competing risk, in men treated with definitive RT and salvage radiation therapy (SRT) following RP. Materials/Methods: A retrospective analysis of 967 patients treated with either definitive external beam RT (645) or SRT (322) after RP from a single institution. The effect of AC use (aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel or enoxaparin) on FFBF, FFM and PCSS as well as subgroup analysis for risk groups were compared, using Log-rank analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods. Time to salvage ADT and SRT was analyzed for SRT patients, using Kaplan-Meier methods to account for potential follow-up bias. Fine and Gray risk model was completed to assess competing risks on PCSS. The independent impact of AC use on endpoints was analyzed in multivariate analysis using Cox-proportional hazards models. Results: Median follow-up was 73.5 months (interquartile range, 62-85 months). Three hundred sixty-nine (38%) patients were taking AC at time of SRT. On Log-rank analysis, AC use improved FFBF (p Z 0.0001, HR 0.6 [95% CI, 0.5-0.8]) but did not significantly impact FFM (p Z 0.7) or PCSS (p Z 0.3). Subgroup analysis by clinical risk group showed improved FFBF for intermediate (pZ 0.03, HR 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4-0.9]) and high (p Z 0.05, HR 0.7 [95% CI, 0.4-0.9]) risk groups but there was no association between other risk groups and clinical endpoints. For SRT patients, AC users experienced longer time to salvage RT (pZ 0.0002, HR 0.6 [95% CI, 0.5-0.8]) and time to salvage ADT (p Z 0.14, HR 0.4 [95% CI, 0.1-1.0]), although not significant, than non-AC users. Competing risk regression analysis performed with traditional risk factors and AC use showed no protective value of AC use on PCSS. Cox-proportional hazards models demonstrated that AC use was an independent predictor of FFBF (p Z 0.023, HR 0.7 [95% CI, 0.5-0.9]) but not for other clinical endpoints. Conclusions: In patients treated with definitive RT and SRT, AC use improved FFBF on univariate analysis and was an independent predictor of FFBF on multivariate analysis. The benefit of AC use on FFBF is greatest in high and intermediate risk groups. SRT patients using AC tend to have ADT and SRT delayed, further confounding the potential recurrence, metastasis and survival benefit. Prospective studies are needed to establish the true impact of AC use on FFM and PCSS for radiation. Author Disclosure: S. Johnson: None. W.C. Jackson: None. B. Foster: None. Y. Song: None. G.S. Palapattu: None. H.M. Sandler: None. D.A. Hamstra: None. F.Y. Feng: None.
Students' Self-Questioning and Summarizing as Reading Study Strategies

The effects of student-generated prequestions and summaries were compared as reading study strategies for college-age subjects. Eighty-seven freshmen and sophomores from several sections of a developmental reading course were trained to use one of two study approaches: (a) phrasing and answering higher level questions while reading or (b) constructing and checking summary statements while reading. An additional number of students from the same population served as members of a control group. The results of three posttreatment tests—free recall, an objective test, and an essay test—were used as dependent measures. The results indicated that training in summary generation as an adjunct study activity significantly increased college students' free recall as well as performance on the objective test and, especially, on the essay test. Training in the interspersed prequestioning significantly facilitated students' performance on the objective test recall but not on free recall or the essay test. It was concluded that college students benefited from engaging in encoding strategies during reading and that specific strategies may be strongly related to posttest measures.
Detecting transcription of ribosomal protein pseudogenes in diverse human tissues from RNA-seq data

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) have about 2000 pseudogenes in the human genome. While anecdotal reports for RP pseudogene transcription exists, it is unclear to what extent these pseudogenes are transcribed. The RP pseudogene transcription is difficult to identify in microarrays due to potential cross-hybridization between transcripts from the parent genes and pseudogenes. Recently, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) provides an opportunity to ascertain the transcription of pseudogenes. A challenge for pseudogene expression discovery in RNA-seq data lies in the difficulty to uniquely identify reads mapped to pseudogene regions, which are typically also similar to the parent genes. Here we developed a specialized pipeline for pseudogene transcription discovery. We first construct a “composite genome” that includes the entire human genome sequence as well as mRNA sequences of real ribosomal protein genes. We then map all sequence reads to the composite genome, and only exact matches were retained. Moreover, we restrict our analysis to strictly defined mappable regions and calculate the RPKM values as measurement of pseudogene transcription levels. We report evidences for the transcription of RP pseudogenes in 16 human tissues. By analyzing the Human Body Map 2.0 study RNA-sequencing data using our pipeline, we identified that one ribosomal protein (RP) pseudogene (PGOHUM-249508) is transcribed with RPKM 170 in thyroid. Moreover, three other RP pseudogenes are transcribed with RPKM > 10, a level similar to that of the normal RP genes, in white blood cell, kidney, and testes, respectively. Furthermore, an additional thirteen RP pseudogenes are of RPKM > 5, corresponding to the 20–30 percentile among all genes. Unlike ribosomal protein genes that are constitutively expressed in almost all tissues, RP pseudogenes are differentially expressed, suggesting that they may contribute to tissue-specific biological processes. Using a specialized bioinformatics method, we identified the transcription of ribosomal protein pseudogenes in human tissues using RNA-seq data.
The use of staphylococcal toxoid in the treatment of 100 cases of acne vulgaris

Abstract One hundred university students with acne vulgaris were given preliminary skin test with a 1:100 dilution of staphylococcal toxoid and then treated with various dilutions of this material. Excellent results were obtained in 9 per cent, good results in 49 per cent, some improvement in 37 per cent, and 5 per cent showed no improvement.
Zellweger Syndrome Knockout Mouse Models Challenge Putative Peroxisomal β-Oxidation Involvement in Docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6n-3) Biosynthesis

Abstract The putative involvement of peroxisomal β-oxidation in the biosynthetic pathway of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) synthesis is critically reviewed in light of experiments with two recently developed knockout mouse models for Zellweger syndrome, a peroxisomal disorder affecting brain development. These mice were generated by targeted disruption of the PEX2 and PEX5 peroxisomal assembly genes encoding targeting signal receptor peroxins for the recognition and transport of a set of peroxisomal enzymes, including those of peroxisomal β-oxidation, to the peroxisomal matrix. Analysis of esterified 22:6n-3 concentrations in PEX2−/− and PEX5−/− mice do not support the hypothesized requirement of peroxisomal β-oxidation in 22:6n-3 synthesis, as only brain, but not liver or plasma, 22:6n-3 levels were decreased. Supplementation of PEX5+/− dams with 22:6n-3, although restoring the levels of brain 22:6n-3 in total lipids to that of controls, did not normalize the phenotype. These decreased brain 22:6n-3 concentrations appear to be secondary to impaired plasmalogen (sn-1-alkyl-, alkenyl-2-acyl glycerophospholipids) synthesis, probably at the level of the dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT), a peroxisomal enzyme catalyzing the first step in the synthesis of 22:6n-3-rich plasmalogens. To diminish the confounding effects of impaired plasmalogen synthesis in the brains of these Zellweger syndrome mouse models, kinetic experiments with labeled precursors, such as 18:3n-3 or 20:5n-3, in liver or isolated hepatocytes, which have negligible amounts of plasmalogens, are suggested to establish the rates of 22:6n-3 biosynthesis and precursor–product relationships. Similar experiments using brain of the acyl-CoA oxidase knockout mouse model are proposed to confirm the lack of peroxisomal β-oxidation involvement in 22:6n-3 synthesis, since this mutation would not impair plasmalogen synthesis.
Tráfico mercantil andino, comerciantes indígenas y fiscalización estatal (Tarapacá, norte de Chile 1880-1938)

This article addresses the intense and relevant commercial trade carried out in the old Tarapaca province by traders and indigenous Aymara muleteers coming from both sides of the Andean border area of Chile and Bolivia during the saltpeter cycle. In addition to emphasizing the impacts and characteristics of this style of commercial trade and its ethnic component, the attention is focused on the complex relationship with the Chilean fiscal officers considering that the chilenization process was already underway.
Effects of acid and basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin on resorption of cultured fetal rat long bones

We tested acid and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF and bFGF), members of the heparin binding FGF family, for their ability to stimulate bone resorption as measured by the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from cultured fetal rat long bones in the presence and absence of heparin. Purified low-molecular-weight heparin (LMW heparin) at 5-125 micrograms/ml had no direct stimulatory effect. There was little effect from aFGF (10(-11)-10(-8) M) alone, but increased resorption was observed in the presence of LMW heparin. With bFGF, increased bone resorption was observed at 10(-9) M but not at 10(-8) M. The stimulatory effects of aFGF and bFGF in the presence of LMW heparin were not blocked by the addition of indomethacin (10(-6) M), which blocks prostaglandin production, or hydroxyurea (10(-3) M), which blocks DNA synthesis. However, pretreatment with aphidicolin (3 x 10(-5) M), a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis, blocked the effect of acid FGF and diminished the effect of bFGF. These results indicate that both aFGF and bFGF can stimulate bone resorption by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism, particularly in the presence of heparin. The activation of FGF-mediated bone resorption by heparin could play a role in producing the osteoporosis that has been described with heparin therapy and mastocytosis.
Hyperglycemia Regulates Annexin A2-s100a10 Localization In Endothelial Cells

Lara Bou Khzam1, Katherine Hajjar2, Nasrin Mesaeli1 1Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar and 2Weill Cornell Medical College New York, USA. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of legal blindness in working-age individuals resulting in disrupted vascular integrity and pathological retinal angiogenesis in both type I and type II diabetes. Annexin A2 is a regulator of endothelial morphogenesis and plays a role in the modulation of fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis by regulating the generation of plasmin. Heterotetramerization of S100A10 (p11) with Annexin A2 and translocation of this complex to the cell surface is required to modulate the activation of plasmin. We hypothesize that the Annexin A2-p11 system regulates the development of retinal angiogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy. Objective of current study is to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on Annexin A2 and p11 expression in endothelial cells. To address this objective we examined effect of high glucose on Annexin A2 and p11 expression in HUVEC cells. Our results illustrated no significant change in the total Annexin A2 protein or mRNA after exposure to different doses of glucose for different times. However, hyperglycemia increased p11 protein expression. To determine weather hyperglycemia affects cellular distribution of Annexin A2 and p11 we used cell surface biotinylation and immunocytochemcial staining (ICC) . Biotinylation studies illustrated an increased cell surface expression of both Annexin A2 and p11 under high-dose glucose conditions. ICC experiments also illustrated cell surface localization of Annexin A2 and p11 following high glucose exposure. Overall our data illustrates a role for high glucose in post-translational regulation of Annexin A2 and p11. Future studies are focused on examining the nature of the post-translational modification in Annexin A2 and p11. Acknowledgment: This work is supported by NPRP No: 6-736-3-187 by QNRF.
Targeting transcription factors for cancer prevention--the case of Nrf2.

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is one of several transcription factors that are altered in human cancer and that modulate susceptibility to carcinogenesis in mouse models ([1][1]–[3][2]). Nrf2 up-regulates transcription of a number of oxidant and electrophile detoxication genes through an
Field and Laboratory Observations of Ice Crystal Growth from the Vapor

Abstract The temperature dependence of the habit of ice crystals growing in a water vapor diffusion chamber is related to the growth rate of ice crystals in a supercooled cloud. The rates of growth occurring between −4 and −6C as needles or between −12 and −16C as dendrites may be in excess of those at intermediate temperatures by as much as a factor of 100. The effect of seeding a supercooled cloud will therefore depend critically on its temperature. Growth of crystals at large supersaturation between −4 and −6C takes place as spikes growing along a direction 25° to the c axis. These crystals have been observed in the diffusion chamber, and also as frost near hot springs in Yellowstone Park. The molecular processes responsible for these habit changes are discussed.
Production of Recombinant Chemokines and Validation of Refolding

The diverse roles of chemokines in normal immune function and many human diseases have motivated numerous investigations into the structure and function of this family of proteins. Recombinant chemokines are often used to study how chemokines coordinate the trafficking of immune cells in various biological contexts. A reliable source of biologically active protein is vital for any in vitro or in vivo functional analysis. In this chapter, we describe a general method for the production of recombinant chemokines and robust techniques for efficient refolding that ensure consistently high biological activity. Considerations for initiating development of protocols consistent with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) to produce biologically active chemokines suitable for use in clinical trials are also discussed.
Understanding Visible Political Participation: An Analysis of Yard Sign-Displays during the 2008 Presidential Election

Displaying a political yard sign is a conspicuous element of the election experience but an understudied act of political participation. We argue that the study of spatial patterns in the dissemination of yard signs speaks to the debate over ―context‖ as a cause of political participation. We ask whether evidence of such contextual effects exist, and if so, how they operate: through the micro-social environment and interpersonal communication, or the meso-social environment and impersonal information cues? To address these questions, we utilize an original, geo-coded observational dataset of more than 25,000 households in Franklin County, Ohio from the 2008 presidential election cycle. In addition to traditional predictors of participation, we find evidence that spatial dependence exists in the distribution of yard signs at both the property level and at the Census block level, indicating that both contextual mechanisms are simultaneously important in creating the ―sign wars‖ often observed in neighborhoods.
Photofragment imaging: the 266-nm photodissociation of CD3I

Photofragment imaging is used to study the internal state and velocity distributions of methyl fragments following photodissociation of CD3I molecules by 266-nm radiation. The molecular fragments are state selectively ionized via 2 + 1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) through the 3pz Rydberg state of methyl. The photofragment imaging technique,1,2 which records the entire velocity distribution for the state selectively ionized fragment, allows us to record the velocity distribution of the ionized photofragments for every laser pulse. Because the methyl fragment is state selectively ionized by the REMPI process, and the parent methyl iodide molecule is cooled in a molecular beam, the velocity of the ion mirrors the internal state distribution of the iodine atom born in coincidence with the selected state of the methyl. For a selected state of the methyl radical two velocities are seen. The faster fragments are bom in coincidence with ground state iodine l(2P3/2), and the slower fragments are born in coincidence with excited state iodine I(2P1/2). The intensity ratio of fast to slow methyl fragments is then unique to each internal state of the methyl fragment and is used to help assign the methyl REMPI spectrum. This is illustrated in the spectra shown in Fig. 1 in which there are two overlapping bands.
The Effect of Certificate of Need and Moratoria Policy on Change in Nursing Home Beds in the United States

OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of state certificate of need and/or moratorium requirements on the change in nursing home bed growth in states over a 13-year period. METHODS Data were collected from five telephone surveys of state officials about state certificate of need and moratorium policies, state Medicaid nursing home reimbursement rates, and the licensed nursing home beds in each state for the 1979 through 1993 period. Two-stage least squares regression analysis treated certificate of need and/or moratorium and Medicaid reimbursement rates as endogenous variables in predicting the change in nursing home beds per aged population in states. RESULTS States that had a certificate of need and/or moratorium did have significant reductions in the growth in nursing home beds but Medicaid nursing home reimbursement rates were not related to change in bed stock. The percentage of the population living in a metropolitan area, the personal income per 1,000 population, the percent unemployed, a state's tax effort, and time were positively associated with change in nursing home beds. The ratio of nursing home beds per 1,000 aged population in the previous year was a negative predictor of change in bed stock in a given year. CONCLUSIONS State regulatory policies have an effect on bed growth in contrast to reimbursement policies.
Statistics of Cellular Evolution in Leukemia: Allelic Variations in Patient Trajectories Based on Immune Repertoire Sequencing

The evolution of a cancer system consisting of cancer clones and normal cells is a complex dynamic process with multiple interacting factors including clonal expansion, somatic mutation, and sequential selection. As a typical example, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a monoclonal population of transformed B cells expands to dominate the B cell population in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. This expansion of transformed B cells suggests that they might evolve through processes distinct from those of normal B cells. Recent advances in next generation sequencing enable the high-throughput identification and tracking of individual B cell clones through sequencing of the V-D-J junction segments of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH). Here we developed a statistical approach to modeling cellular evolution of the immune repertoire. Adapting the infinitely many alleles model from population genetics, we studied abnormalities occurring in the immune repertoire of patients as substantial deviations from the null model. The Ewens sampling test (EST) distinguished the immune repertoires of CLL patients with imminent relapse from healthy controls and patients in sustained remission. Extensive simulations based on sequencing data showed that EST is sensitive in detecting cancer-related derangements of the IGH repertoire. In addition, we suggest two potentially useful parameters: the rate at which donor's B cell clones enter the circulation and the average time to regenerate a transplanted immune repertoire, both of which help to distinguish relapsing CLL patients from those in sustained remission and provide additional information about the dynamics of immune reconstitution in the latter patients. We anticipate that our models and statistics will be useful in diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia, and may be adapted for application to other diseases related to adaptive immunity.
Effects of dried whey and copper sulfate on the growth responses to organic acid in diets for weanling pigs.

Five 21-d to 28-d experiments involving 484 pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of organic acid to a fortified, corn-soybean meal diet (CS) or to a similar diet containing 15% dried whey (CSW) on performance of pigs. The effects of an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination (110 mg chlortetracycline, 110 mg sulfamethazine, 55 mg penicillin/kg) and the interactive effects of Cu sulfate (250 ppm Cu) and acid also were evaluated. The acid was a commercial product consisting of 96% organic acid (citric acid and Na citrate, 2:1). Treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were factorial arrangements of the CS or CSW basal diets supplemented with 0 or 1% (Exp. 1) and 0, .5 or 1% (Exp. 2) of the acid product. Pigs fed diets containing whey consumed more feed (P less than .01) and gained weight faster (P less than .05), but they had feed/gain responses similar to those of pigs fed the CS diet. Addition of 1% acid improved (P less than .01) growth rate of pigs fed the CS diet but did not improve (P greater than .25) growth rate of pigs fed the CSW diet. Feed/gain was improved (P less than .01) by acid addition to both the CS and the CSW diets. Improvements in gain and feed/gain were similar for the two levels of acid. In Exp. 3 and 4, factorial combinations of 0 and 1% acid and 0 and 250 ppm Cu were evaluated in diets containing an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination. In addition, a negative control diet (no antibiotics, acid or Cu) was included. Pigs fed diets containing antibiotics gained faster and more efficiently (P less than .01) than those fed the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult segmental cystic disease of the kidney: a renal-sparing management approach.

AbstractSegmental cystic disease of the kidney is a rare entity with the gross and microscopic features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease localized to only a portion of a kidney. We report a renal-sparing management approach to a patient in whom a multifocal cystic process localized to 1 pole of the kidney was recognized preoperatively. Since neither computerized tomography nor ultrasound can exclude an underlying neoplastic process, surgery remains indicated. However, an understanding of the spectrum of diagnostic possibilities can have an impact on planning the most appropriate surgical approach. We conclude that partial nephrectomy, with appropriate intraoperative pathological assessment, may represent a satisfactory renal-sparing therapeutic algorithm for the management of localized cystic disease.
Theories and Methods for CBF Measurement

What has impressed me most about this meeting has been the changes which have occurred in the field of cerebral circulation and the great strides which have been made in the past two decades and especially in the past few years.
The influence of cultural orientation on associations between Puerto Rican adolescent mothers' parenting and toddler compliance and defiance

Objectives It is imperative that individual differences in the cultural contexts of adolescent mothers, whose parenting is often linked to poor child outcomes, be better understood, especially among Puerto Rican-origin mothers who experience high rates of poverty. Behaviors that mothers use to elicit compliance from their children are important to investigate, because children's ability to engage in regulated, compliant behavior has long-term consequences for their adjustment. This study tested whether mothers' orientation to both American and Latino cultures influenced the associations between such maternal behaviors and compliant and defiant child behaviors. Method The sample included 123 young, Puerto Rican-origin mothers and their 24-month-old toddlers. Behaviors coded from a toy cleanup task measured maternal guidance and control and child compliance and defiance, and acculturation and enculturation were measured with a self-report questionnaire. Results Maternal guidance predicted more child compliance, with no significant variations by cultural orientation; however, mothers who were more enculturated had children who were more compliant. As predicted, mothers' more frequent use of control was related to more child defiance for mothers reporting high levels of acculturation, and not for less acculturated mothers. Conclusions Findings support the hypothesis that individual differences in cultural orientation influence variations in associations between certain maternal and child behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record
Religious fundamentalism, religiosity, and priming: effects on attitudes, perceptions, and mock jurors’ decisions in an insanity defense case

ABSTRACTJurors are asked to use their personal knowledge and experience to make verdict decisions; thus, it is no surprise that their religious beliefs might influence their decisions. During legal insanity trials, jurors might also be exposed to religious stimuli (e.g. crucifix, prayer, Bible, etc.), which could evoke (prime) religious beliefs and thus influence decisions. Two studies examined whether dimensions of religiosity and religious beliefs relate to attitudes and decisions concerning mental health defenses, testing social identity theory against Allport and Ross’s religiosity hypothesis. In Study 1 (attitudes survey) and Study 2 (mock juror decision-making paradigm), religious fundamentalist beliefs consistently predicted punitive attitudes and decisions related to mental health defenses and verdicts, and this was moderated by intrinsic religiosity, such that religious fundamentalist beliefs only predicted punitiveness for individuals low in intrinsic religiosity. Also, priming fundamentalist be...
Femoral arterial closure using ProGlide® is more efficacious and cost-effective when ambulating early following cardiac catheterization.

Abstract Objective This was a prospective, single-center study evaluating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of early ambulation (within 30 min) following femoral artery closure with the ProGlide® suture-mediated vascular closure device (PD) in patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization compared with manual compression. Background It is unclear whether early ambulation with ProGlide is safe or is associated with patient satisfaction and cost savings as compared with manual compression (MC). Methods and results Inclusion criteria were met in 170 patients (85 PD and 85 MC patients). Patients ambulated 20 ft. within 30 min (PD) or after the requisite 4 h recumbent time (MC) if feasible. Primary endpoint was time-to-ambulation (TTA) following device closure. We also directly compared the safety of closure, times-to-hemostasis (TTH), -ambulation (TTA) and -discharge (TTD) with MC and, using a fully allocated cost model, performed cost analysis for both strategies. Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of patient satisfaction. The primary endpoint of safe, early ambulation was achieved following closure (mean of 27.1 ± 14.9 min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.2–30.2). Predictors of patient satisfaction in the PD group were absence of pain during closure, decreased TTA, and drastic reductions in TTD; the latter contributed indirectly to significant cost savings in the PD group (1250.3 ± 146.4 vs. 2248.1 ± 910.2 dollars, respectively; P Conclusions ProGlide is safe and effective for femoral artery closure in patients who ambulate within 30 min after cardiac catheterization; translating into improved patient satisfaction and substantial cost savings.
Interpreting the Stock Returns to New Product Announcements: How the Past Shapes Investors’ Expectations of the Future

AbstractInvestors routinely follow firms’ communications and actions to form expectations about the firms’ future performance. The authors propose a set of firm and industry characteristics that influence the formation of investor expectations in the context of new product announcements. Specifically, they argue that positive expectations of future innovation output should cause an ex-ante increase in stock prices and a smaller ex-post market reaction when an actual new product is announced. Using a sample of 4,865 new product announcements made by 826 publicly traded U.S. firms, the authors show that the stock market reaction to a new product announcement measured in a five-day window around the announcement is negatively related to (1) the number of new products previously announced by the firm, (2) the average number of new products previously announced by the firm’s competitors, and (3) the average sentiment of past public news about the firm. These three factors are also positively related to the mar...
Teaching Statistics with Electronic Textbooks

In the first part of this paper, we will provide a general overview on electronic“Introductory Statistics”textbooks and summarize their individual strengths and weaknesses. Examples of such electronic textbooks are the CDROM—based ActivStats, the Web—based CyberStats, and the CD—ROM— and Web—based MM*Stat,
Routing Heterogeneous Jobs to Heterogeneous Servers: A Global Optimization-Based Approach

We study the problem of routing heterogeneous jobs to heterogeneous servers, where the service rate depends both on the job type and the server type. We employ a math programming approach which is desirable since it can easily be embedded within larger planning problems. While convex objectives which minimize expected waiting time or expected sojourn time are well-studied in this context, we study a particular class of nonconvex objective functions that can be factored by arrival rate and workload. These include maximizing the service level, i.e., the probability that a job is served within an acceptable waiting time, and minimizing the expected queue length. We develop an optimization algorithm called fixed-ratio shifting envelopes to find near-optimal solutions to our math program, and design online routing policies which make use of these solutions. To showcase our model, we apply our model and solution method to the problem of assigning Irvine census block groups to fire stations.
The Structure and Performance of U.S. Research Joint Ventures: Inferences and Implications from the Advanced Technology Program

Research joint ventures (RJVs) are projects that combine the research resources of different firms. A sample of RJVs supported by the U.S. Advanced Technology Program shows that the projects yield ...
Demonstration of Endothelial Adhesion of Sickle Cells In Vivo: A Distinct Role for Deformable Sickle Cell Discocytes

Different morphologic and density classes of sickle cells (SS) may play distinct roles in the generation of vasoocclusion, explaining the complexity of this phenomena. The densest SS red blood cells (RBCs) (SS4) can induce vasoocculsion in ex vivo microcirculatory preparations as well as in an intact animal model. Previous studies of the interaction of SS deformable discocytes with endothelial monolayers or the rat ex vivo mesocecum preparation have shown adhesion that is desmopressin (dDAVP)-stimulated, von Willebrand factor (vWF)-mediated, and limited to the small venules. However, in vivo adhesion of SS RBCs to the endothelium has neither been demonstrated nor characterized; and, in particular, the relation of adhesion to vasoocclusion is unknown. Using an intact animal model that involves injecting saline-washed, density-defined SS RBCs into the femoral artery of a rat, we find that: (1) Quantitative studies of RBCs retained in the rat thigh using 99mTc-labeled RBCs and gamma camera imaging showed that dDAVP induces a threefold increase in retention of normal (AA) cells and deformable SS discocytes (SS2). (2) electron microscopy and Microfil injection show that the retention of SS2 cells is due to adhesion to the vascular endothelium with no evidence of obstruction. (3) H-1 magnetic resonance imaging showed that retention of SS4 cells induced a dose-dependent increase in tissue edema (presumable secondary to tissue hypoxia), while retention of AA or SS2 cells produced no change. We conclude that endothelial adhesion of deformable SS discocytes can be demonstrated in an in vivo animal model, that this adhesion is enhanced by dDAVP (presumably related to, but not necessarily limited to the release of vWF), and that this phenomenon per se does not lead to vasoocclusion. Nevertheless, adhesion of deformable SS discocytes may have consequences. We hypothesize that adhesion of SS discocytes could narrow the lumen of postcapillary venules and facilitate secondary trapping of SS4 cells and lead to subsequent vasoocclusion.