cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo Measurements of Sulcal Plaque pH in Rats After Topical Applications of Xylitol, Sorbitol, Glucose, Sucrose, and Sucrose Plus 53 mM Sodium Fluoride

In two series of experiments, Sprague-Dawley-derived rats were infected orally with cariogenic micro-organisms and fed caries-promoting diets. By means of an antimony electrode, resting pH values were measured in the mesial sulcus of the maxillary left first molar. 100 or 200 microL of the test solutions were applied, and the change in pH (delta pH) was recorded for three min. Test solutions were: (a) 10% sucrose, 10% glucose, 10% sorbitol, or 10% xylitol; (b) 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% sucrose; (c) 0%, 3%, 7%, or 10% sucrose; and (d) 10% sucrose, 10% sucrose + 53 mmol/L NaF (1000 ppmF-), or 10% sucrose + 53 mmol/L NaCl. Experimental design was a 4 X 4 Latin square (a, b, c) or a cross-over design (d). Solutions of sucrose and glucose gave significantly greater decreases in pH than did sorbitol or xylitol. pH fall was maximal for 10% sucrose and significantly less for 40% sucrose during the three-minute experimental period. For sucrose solutions ranging in concentration from 3 to 10%, pH fall was highest after application of 10% sucrose when plaque was previously rinsed with water, but this pH fall did not differ significantly from that obtained using a 7% sucrose solution. Adding 1000 ppmF- to a 10% sucrose solution caused an increase in pH. Rinsing the teeth to remove saliva resulted in significantly lower resting pH values. The results of these experiments are in agreement with the results of human plaque pH measurements.
Relativistic interactions between nuclei

A relativistic theory of the inclusive scattering of nuclei is given. The theory is applicable to meson production reactions as well as to the yields of light nuclei. A characterization of the relativistic nuclear wave function is given and its connection to the standard wave function is explicitly shown. Counting rules are derived that allow one to simply characterize the behavior of the reaction cross sections in terms of the short-range behavior of the nucleon-nucleon force. Good agreement with experiment is achieved if the force is assumed to be due to the exchange of vector mesons with monopole form factors at each vertex. The predictions are successfully compared to several reactions.
Development of high frequency annular arrays for medical imaging

A 3 mm, 50 MHz ultrasound annular array incorporating six equal-area elements was designed and fabricated. The array incorporated fine-grain lead titanate to reduce lateral coupling. The kerfs were diced to 30 microns using laser micromachining. A lens was used to provide an f-number of 3. The interconnect was achieved by sputter masking and application of silver epoxy. The average center frequency and bandwidth of the array elements was 55 MHz and 22%, respectively. The maximum nearest-element crosstalk throughout the passband was measured as -22 dB in water, and insertion loss varied from 11-29 dB. Imaging of an 8 /spl mu/m wire target with one of the outer elements showed a practical imaging depth starting under 6 mm, which agreed well with simulations.
Reconstructing FT-IR spectroscopic imaging data with a sparse prior

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging is a potentially valuable tool for diagnosing breast and prostate cancer, but its clinical deployment is limited due to long data acquisition times and vast storage requirements. To counter this limitation, we develop a sparse representation for FT-IR absorbance spectra using a learned dictionary. This sparse representation is used as prior knowledge in regularizing the compressed sensing inverse problem. The data size and acquisition time are directly proportional to the length of the measured signal, namely the interferogram. Hence, we model our measurement process as interferogram truncation, which we implement by low pass filtering and downsampling in the spectral domain. With a downsample factor of four, our reconstruction is adequate for tissue classification and provides a Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (PSNR) of 41.92 dB, while standard interpolation of the same low resolution measurements can only provide a PSNR of 36.93 dB.
Effectiveness of Animation in Trend Visualization

Animation has been used to show trends in multi-dimensional data. This technique has recently gained new prominence for presentations, most notably with Gapminder Trendalyzer. In Trendalyzer, animation together with interesting data and an engaging presenter helps the audience understand the results of an analysis of the data. It is less clear whether trend animation is effective for analysis. This paper proposes two alternative trend visualizations that use static depictions of trends: one which shows traces of all trends overlaid simultaneously in one display and a second that uses a small multiples display to show the trend traces side-by-side. The paper evaluates the three visualizations for both analysis and presentation. Results indicate that trend animation can be challenging to use even for presentations; while it is the fastest technique for presentation and participants find it enjoyable and exciting, it does lead to many participant errors. Animation is the least effective form for analysis; both static depictions of trends are significantly faster than animation, and the small multiples display is more accurate.
Age-related changes in complexity depend on task dynamics

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: The present study examined the time and frequency structure of force output in adult humans to determine whether the changes in complexity with age are dependent on external task demands. Healthy young (20–24 yr),
Wind and pressure oscillations in the upper atmosphere

Observations of the diurnal (S1) and semidiurnal (S2) wind oscillations between 80 and 100 km show that their amplitudes are of the same magnitude as the mean winds. Both periods show pronounced seasonal changes in the same sense as, but much larger than would be expected from surface data forS2, and in agreement with the idea of a thermal cause forS1. From the observed wind oscillations the pressure oscillations can be computed. The pressure amplitudes are about 5 percent or, especially forS2, more of the mean pressure, indicating a fifty to hundred-fold increase compared to the low atmosphere, as suggested by theory. But the phase ofS2 does not show the expected reversal relative to the ground.S1 seems to be much more regular than at the earth's suface where it is greatly disturbed by local influences. The few data on the lunar semidiurnal (L2) oscillation show also the increse of the amplitudes with height.
Spanning the Complexity Chasm: A Research Approach to Move From Simple to Complex Engineering Systems.

A multistudy approach is presented that allows design thinking of complex systems to be studied by triangulating causal controlled lab findings with coded data from more complex products. A case study illustration of this approach is provided. During the conceptual design of engineering systems, designers face many cognitive challenges, including design fixation, errors in their mental models, and the sunk cost effect. These factors need to be mitigated for the generation of effective ideas. Understanding the effects of these challenges in a realistic and complex engineering system is especially difficult due to a variety of factors influencing the results. Studying the design of such systems in a controlled environment is extremely challenging because of the scale and complexity of such systems and the time needed to design the systems. Considering these challenges, a mixed-method approach is presented for studying the design thinking of complex engineering systems. This approach includes a controlled experiment with a simple system and a qualitative cognitive-artifacts study on more complex engineering systems followed by the triangulation of results. The triangulated results provide more generalizable information for complex system design thinking. This method combines the advantages of quantitative and qualitative study methods, making them more powerful while studying complex engineering systems. The proposed method is illustrated further using an illustrative study on the cognitive effects of physical models during the design of engineering systems.
Improved convergence of gradient-based reconstructions using multiscale models

Geometric models have received increasing attention in medical imaging for tasks such as segmentation, reconstruction, restoration, and registration. In order to determine the best configuration of the geometric model in the context of any of these tasks, one needs to perform a difficult global optimization of an energy function that may have many local minima. Explicit models of geometry, also called deformable models, snakes, or active contours, have been used extensively to solve image segmentation problems in a non-Bayesian framework. Researchers have seen empirically that multi-scale analysis is useful for convergence to a configuration that is near the global minimum. In this type of analysis, the image data are convolved with blur functions of increasing resolution, and an optimal configuration of the snake is found for each blurred image. The configuration obtained using the highest resolution blur is used as the solution to the global optimization problem. In this article, the authors use explicit models of geometry for a variety of Bayesian estimation problems, including image segmentation, reconstruction and restoration. The authors introduce a multi-scale approach that blurs the geometric model, rather than the image data, and show that this approach turns a global, highly nonquadratic optimization into a sequence of local, approximately quadratic problems that converge to the global minimum. The result is a deterministic, robust, and efficient optimization strategy applicable to a wide variety of Bayesian estimation problems in which geometric models of images are an important component.
A visual data mining framework for convenient identification of useful knowledge

Data mining algorithms usually generate a large number of rules, which may not always be useful to human users. In this project, we propose a novel visual data-mining framework, called Opportunity Map, to identify useful and actionable knowledge quickly and easily from the discovered rules. The framework is inspired by the House of Quality from Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in Quality Engineering. It associates discovered rules, related summarized data and data distributions with the application objective using an interactive matrix. Combined with drill down visualization, integrated visualization of data distribution bars and rules, visualization of trend behaviors, and comparative analysis, the Opportunity Map allows users to analyze rules and data at different levels of detail and quickly identify the actionable knowledge and opportunities. The proposed framework represents a systematic and flexible approach to rule analysis. Applications of the system to large-scale data sets from our industrial partner have yielded promising results.
BLACK GREEKS AND UNDERGROUND PLEDGING: PUBLIC DEBATES AND COMMUNAL CONCERNS

Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) have long played an important role in collegiate black student life. The communal impact of the social events they plan and the cultural practices they engage is substantial, but yet to receive substantial scholarly attention. This article addresses the communal impact of “underground pledging,” which is the controversial practice of initiating prospective members through secret and forbidden ritual practices. Pledging facilitates bonds between incoming members, and between incoming members and their organizations, but has also led to hazing, which involves the ritual torment and abuse of prospective members. This article addresses public debates around what constitutes hazing, as well as the commitment among many individual BGLO members to activities that some call pledging, others call hazing, but all acknowledge as against campus policies, state and federal laws, and the policies of the organizations' national headquarters. This article also discusses the implications of pledging as an open secret in black student communities. The discussion covers the silencing dynamics that allow the secret, the contrast between national rhetoric and local practices, and the individual and communal impacts of maintaining the secret.
An Overview of Dry Etching Damage

Dry etching can inadvertently lead to two very different types of damage -- voltage stress damage due to dielectric wearout and plasma exposure damage due to particle and photon flux impingement. Voltage stress damage due to charge-up has beem widely studied. It is often areal in distribution; hence, it can be studied even with simple capacitor structures and capacitance-voltage measurements. All plasma exposure damage has an edge-type distribution. Consequently it requires more complicated structures and measurements for its detection.
Learning and Classification of Trajectories in Dynamic Scenes: A General Framework for Live Video Analysis

This paper presents a general framework for live video analysis. The activities of surveillance subjects are described using a spatio-temporal vocabulary learned from recurrent motion patterns. The repetitive nature of object trajectories is used to build a topographical scene description where nodes are points of interest (POT) and the edges correspond to activity paths (AP). The POI are learned through as a mixture of Gaussians and AP by clustering trajectories. The paths are probabilistically represented by hidden Markov models and adapt to temporal variations using online maximum likelihood regression (MLLR) and through a periodic batch update. Using the scene graph, new trajectories can be analyzed in online fashion to categorize past and present activity, predict future behavior, and detect abnormalities.
COMBINATORIAL PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ALTERANTE MODELS: AN EXAMPLE FROM INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION

In this paper we present a methodology for comparing the adequacy of two or more models in terms of how well they represent a given data set. A set of interregional migration models is tested, including several variations of push-pull models, Wilson's entropy maximizing model, a quadratic programming solution, and and ANOVA model. Testing is undertaken using a heuristic procedure based on a pair by pair comparison of models to see which one best represents migration flows as estimated by the Census Bureau. The results of the pairwise testing are presented visually in a “matrix map” which allows us to illustrate the degree to which a perfect ordering of the comparison indices exists, and the degree to which individual models cluster together.
Not Neo-Marxist, Not Post-Marxist, Not Marxian, Not Autonomist Marxism: Reflections on a Revolutionary (Marxist) Critical Pedagogy:

For the past several decades, Marxism has had a checkered lineage in the field of educational theory. Drawing on the work of Teresa Ebert, Jose Carlos Mariategui, and the Marxist humanist tradition...
Patterns of cardiovascular and ventilatory response to elevated metabolic states in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus.

The principal function of the cardiopulmonary system is the precise matching of O(2) and CO(2) transport to the metabolic requirements of different tissues. In some ecothermic vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles), vdot (O2) increases dramatically following feeding. Factorial increments in vdot (O2) range from 1.7 to 44 times above resting rates, and in some cases vdot (O2) approaches or even exceeds values measured during physical activity. There is virtually no information on the cardiopulmonary response during the postprandial period in these animals or how the pattern of cardiopulmonary support compares with that during activity. In our experiments, pulmonary ventilation (vdot e), heart rate (fh), systemic blood flow (qdot (sys)), rate of oxygen consumption (vdot (O2)) and rate of carbon dioxide production (vdot (CO2)) were measured at 35 degrees C in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus for 24 h prior to the ingestion of meals of various sizes and measured continuously for up to 72 h during the postprandial period. The results of this study were compared with previously published values for treadmill exercise in the same experimental animals. The change in fh and stroke volume (V(S)) for a given increment in vdot (O2) did not differ during exercise and digestion. In contrast, the ventilatory response was very dependent on the nature of the elevated metabolic state. During digestion, an increase in vdot (O2) resulted in a relative hypoventilation in comparison with resting values, whereas hyperventilation characterized the response during activity. During exercise, breathing frequency (f) increased 10- to 40-fold above resting values accompanied by large reductions in tidal volume (V(T)). In contrast, postprandial increases in vdot (O2) resulted in relatively minor changes in f and V(T) almost doubled. These results indicate that, in these lizards, the cardiac response to elevated vdot (O2) is stereotyped, the response being predictable irrespective of the source of the metabolic increment. In contrast, the ventilatory response is flexible and state-dependent, not only in pattern but also in its frequency and volume components.
Prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations via genetic programming

Abstract Excessive ground vibrations, due to blasting, can cause severe damages to the nearby area. Hence, the blast-induced ground vibration prediction is an essential tool for both evaluating and controlling the adverse consequences of blasting. Since there are several effective variables on ground vibrations that have highly nonlinear interactions, no comprehensive model of the blast-induced vibrations are available. In this study, the genetic expression programming technique was employed for prediction of the frequency of the adjacent ground vibrations. Nine input variables were used for prediction of the vibration frequencies at different distances from the blasting face. A high coefficient of determination with low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was achieved that demonstrated the suitability of the algorithm in this case. The proposed model outperformed an artificial neural network model that was proposed by other authors for the same dataset.
Quantitative hemodynamic evaluation in children with coarctation of aorta: phase contrast cardiovascular MRI versus computational fluid dynamics

Pressure gradient across coarctation of aorta (CoA) is conventionally computed from phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) by applying the Bernoulli equation to the peak blood flow velocity measurement obtained just distal to the aortic narrowing. In order to test the validity and accuracy of the Bernoulli flow assumptions of negligible viscous forces in assessment of pressure gradients across the coarctation, we sought to determine pressure information from patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, modeling Newtonian, viscous, incompressible blood flow under steady and pulsatile inflow conditions. The transient high velocity jet observed though a moderate thoracic aortic coarctation model (65% area reduction) reconstructed from magnetic resonance angiography scans of an 8-year old female patient provided for the 2012 STACOM CFD challenge, was studied over a cardiac cycle under patient-specific flow conditions. Descending aorta hemodynamics was contrasted with a geometrically and dynamically comparable normal aorta simulation. The peak velocity of the modeled CoA jet (6.99 m/s) was observed to occur ~2 cm distal to the site of coarctation. The magnitude of this velocity was found to be similar to appropriately dynamically scaled clinical observations (6.00±0.6 m/s) of peak velocity obtained from PC-MRI data on three pre-surgical CoA patients, evaluated at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Bernoulli pressure gradient across the CoA computed using the CFD velocity field at the peak-systole instant of pulsatile flow grossly overestimated the true gradient predicted from CFD (30 mm Hg) when unsteady jet wake effects were more pronounced, but underestimated the CFD pressure gradient at steady time-averaged inflow conditions (5.8 mm Hg). Based on this pilot study, CFD determined flow fields are a more reliable clinical indicator of pressure gradient which considers viscous flow and complex jet wake interactions affecting hemodynamics downstream of CoA.
New, But Not Improved: Defective Domesticity in Jacques Tati's Mon Oncle and Playtime

ABSTRACTFrench filmmaker Jacques Tati made two feature-length comedies–Mon Oncle (1958) and Playtime (1967)–which lampooned the ostensibly rational modernist movement in architecture, interior design, and consumer products as a threat to traditional models of domestic life. Although these films have been the subject of several arching critical histories, scholars have not addressed Tati's vision of interiority through the contrasting contexts of industrial modernity and bourgeois domesticity. I argue that Tati was himself a designer of peculiarly dysfunctional interiors, furnishings, and gadgets that only seemed to meet the needs of their users. Tati examined the works of architects like Le Corbusier and Philip Johnson as exempla of monumental modernism. For each film, Tati spent months in pre-production perfecting his own derivative buildings and imaginary appliances. Yet the purpose of these designs was to appear perfectly devised, when, in fact, they were physically frail, conceptually brittle, and vai...
From algorithms to architectures in cyber-physical networks

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Cyber-Physical Systems on 17/04/2014, available online:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23335777.2015.1056234
Civilised Bodies Redux: Seams in the Cyborg

This essay describes some limitations to the civilising process, more specifically, to developing and maintaining a ‘technological habitus.’ After a brief review of Freud, Elias and Foucault, theoretical issues of tensions between mind–body and society are further developed. This is followed by an analysis of the habitus required to function in technological environments and tensions between mind–body and the social organisation of a particular technology – the car. The conclusion locates mind-bodies and health in contemporary macro-social temporal contexts.
Efficiency and Effective Radius of Blacklight Traps Against Southern Potato Wireworm

A reported technique for using water pans to determine efficiency of backlight (BL) traps was modified for studies of Conoderus falli Lane. In tests during 1969–71, the effective radius of a 15-watt BL lamp in a survey-type trap conforming to Entomological Society of America standards was estimated at 17–23 feet. The average efficiency of the trap in capturing insects within the effective radius was estimated at 28–62%. When isolated BL traps were operated 36 to 44 nights, no effect on the population could be attributed to distances beyond 35 to 53 feet from the light. It is estimated that at least 5 traps per acre would be required to cause a marked reduction in natural populations of southern potato wireworm.
Update on the Epidemiology and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant cell arteritis is the most common form of primary systemic vasculitis in people over the age of 50 years. This disease affects the aorta and its branches, and complications may include vision loss, arterial stenosis, and aortic aneurysm. Early recognition and treatment of giant cell arteritis is important to mitigate long-term damage. While glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of treatment, relapses are common and morbidity related to treatment frequently occurs. There is an unmet need for immunosuppressive therapies that are able to induce long-term remission while avoiding the adverse effects of glucocorticoids. Of available conventional immunosuppressive treatments, methotrexate is generally considered a first-line steroid-sparing agent for patients with disease refractory to glucocorticoids and in those at high risk for glucocorticoid-associated toxicity. Advances in understanding of disease pathogenesis continue to identify potential therapeutic targets, and several biologic agents are currently under investigation. Preliminary reports from controlled studies demonstrate potential efficacy of tocilizumab and abatacept in both newly diagnosed and relapsing patients; however, use of these agents should not yet be considered standard therapy. The role of anti-platelet therapy in prevention of ischemic complications is controversial, but low-dose aspirin is considered reasonable in this population. Statin medications have little role in the management of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and should be reserved for those with clinical indications for lipid reduction. Correction of arterial stenosis with surgical revascularization is uncommonly required for patients with refractory ischemic symptoms. Intervention should be performed in patients with quiescent disease. Monitoring for late-onset complications, particularly thoracic aortic aneurysm, should take place though the frequency of screening and the optimal timing of intervention is not established.
Complications of Laparoscopic and Robotic Pyeloplasty

Treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction has increasingly shifted from open to minimally invasive surgery in the last decade. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in particular has become the standard of care for definitive treatment of this disease process based on comparable mid- to long-term outcomes and improved morbidity compared to open surgery. Robotic- assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty has been increasingly performed in lieu of laparoscopy to harness the technical advantages of robotic suturing. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both intra- and postoperative complications associated with these procedures.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Funding for Newborn Screening Services.

Objective.The Affordable Care Act requires most health plans to cover the federal Recommended Uniform Screening Panel of newborn screening (NBS) tests with no cost sharing. However, state NBS progr...
Tunable point nodes from line-node semimetals via application of light

We propose that illumination with light provides a useful platform for creating tunable semimetals. We show that by shining light on semimetals with a line degeneracy, one can convert them to a point-node semimetal. These point nodes are adjustable, and their position can be controlled by simply rotating the incident light beam. We also discuss the implications of this change in Fermi-surface topology as manifested in transport observables.
Fabrication of Large-Area X-Ray Filters for Fluorescence EXAFS Measurements

X-ray transmission filters are made in a variety of ways. Ductile metals may be rolled to thin foil. Non-ductile metals may be ground and polished with abrasive, electropolished or chemically etched. Metals may be electroplated or vacuum-evaporated on thin x-ray transparent substrates. Metal or oxide powder may be slurried with an organic binder and spread on similar substrates or glass, dried and stripped off. Filter papers may be impregnated with solution, then dried. The latter two procedures involve the use of powder materials and are applicable for fabricating small-area filter (~ 1″ diameter) used in conjunction with laboratory x-ray tubes.
Biomarkers in Preeclampsia

Publisher Summary Preeclampsia can be a devastating disease. It remains a major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. The ability to predict preeclampsia would be a major advance in maternal-fetal medicine. In this regard, several biomarkers have been proposed. Angiogenic factors, PP-13, and combinations of these and other parameters with Doppler analysis hold promise for future predictive testing for preeclampsia. Newer genomic and proteomic technologies are a rapidly emerging field that has enabled biological samples to be surveyed for biomarkers in ways never before possible, and promises the development of exciting new applications over the next few years. In addition, non-invasive, easily performed and inexpensive tests will be a useful alternative approach for use as screening tests in developing countries. It is exciting to envision the tremendous impact that an accurate biomarker for preeclampsia would have, i.e. reduction of fetal and maternal deaths, improvement in acute and long-term outcomes, reduced health costs, and in addition, the acceleration of drug discovery leading to the ultimate goal: the effective treatment of preeclampsia. More prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the clinical utility of preeclampsia biomarkers.
Public-Private Partnerships and Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sectors in Developing Countries

Do foreign private investments (originated through public-private partnerships) improve the Water and Sanitation Sector in developing countries? I synthesize market sympathetic and skeptical arguments by noting that their relative salience depends on the level of corruption in a country. Specifically, I argue that private investments can effectively provide water and sanitation through public-private partnerships if they are adequately governed by the state. When corruption is high, however, private actors will pursue profit maximization over public needs, which leads them to provide water but not adequate sanitation. I test these arguments using a cross-sectional time series of fifty-six non-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1991 through 2012.
Materials Research to Enable Clean Energy: Leverage Points for Risk Reduction in Critical Byproduct Material Supply Chains

Each year, the TMS Annual Meeting brings together materials experts from across the field and across the globe, creating unique opportunities for multidisciplinary discussions of grand challenges. Enabling a clean energy transition without creating new chronic energy material shortages is one such challenge. The present work aims to inspire materials researchers from across the disciplinary spectrum to consider their skills in the context of need for risk mitigation research; particularly for the vulnerable subclass of critical materials mined as byproducts. Key leverage points are identified and assessed using existing case study data for tellurium. Results show that rapid demand growth, driven by solar PV, rendered supply-side mitigation strategies (byproduct yield improvement and recycling) much less effective than demand-side solutions, like dematerialization and substitution. Overall, the results serve as a reminder that there is no universal mitigation strategy; instead, optimal results can be obtained by targeted and temporally-relevant strategic development.
Distribution of electromagnetic forces in separately excited dc and ac induction machines

this paper provides an in-depth analysis of distribution of the electromagnetic forces in separately excited dc and ac squirrel cage induction machines. Investigation of local forces acting on the stator and rotor core and windings will shed light on inherent similarities in the mechanism of force generation in two families of electrical machines. This paper also provides a physically insightful explanation of the impact of armature and field currents (quadrature and direct component of current in induction machine) on radial and tangential components of the magnetic forces.
Effects of oxygen ion irradiation on PMN-PT ferroelectric materials for space applications

Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) is an important and high performance piezoelectric and pyroelectric relaxor material having wide range of applications in infrared sensor devices. Present work studies the fabrication and dielectric characteristics of PMN-PT in the bulk form. The PMN-PT bulk material was prepared in sol-gel method and subsequently irradiated with heavy ion oxygen. The materials were analyzed and determined that the relaxorferroelectric material indicated changes in its dielectric constant and pyroelectric coefficient after irradiation. Due to the radiation fluent of 1×10 16 ions/cm 2 , the dielectric constant of the material increased uniformly, while its pyroelectric coefficient showed a sharp increased to the value of 5×10 -9 μC/cm 2 °C with increase in temperature. Its dielectric constants showed increase in values of 527 μC/cm 2 °C at 50°C, 635 μC/cm2 °C at 60°C and 748 μC/cm 2 °C at 70°C. Properties such as the material impedance, admittance and modulus were investigated for changes in properties which became evident after irradiation.
The Sherrington and Cushing Correspondence: Evidence of a Form of Bench to Bedside Collaboration at the Dawn of the 20th Century (S15.002)

Objective: To study the correspondence between the American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing (1869 - 1939) and the British physiologist Charles Sherrington (1857 - 1952). Background: Cushing was Sherrington’s first American student, arriving almost by accident in 1901 in Sherrington’s laboratory in Liverpool, England. Their correspondence, from 1901 - 1939, was considerable and of historical value as it spanned an important period in the development of neurology, neurosurgery, and the neurosciences. Methods: Detailed review of the written correspondence between Harvey Cushing, Charles Sherrington, and several respective family members, archived in the Medical History Library, Yale University School of Medicine. Results: The surviving correspondence (1901 - 1939) includes more than 100 letters by/between Harvey Cushing, Charles Sherrington, and several of their respective family members. The letters show a rapidly growing and then long-maintained warmth between the two men. This may have been aided by the soured relations between Sherrington and Victor Horsley (1857 - 1916), the British neurosurgeon, who was critical of Sherrington’s work. The most active intellectual interchange occurred in the early years, during which the focus of the discussion was on their separate and combined work on cerebral localization. Evident in the correspondence is Sherrington’s trust in and respect for the physiological observations that could be achieved in humans during carefully conducted and controlled neurosurgery. Hence, Sherrington seemed to have viewed the human work that Cushing was performing as a means to extend his own careful, case-by-case benchside physiological observations on higher primates. On Cushing’s side, the relationship confirmed his sense of self as a physiologist. Conclusions: The correspondence between these two seminal figures in the neurosciences provides a glimpse into an early “bench to bedside” collaboration, which extended the arm of neurophysiology from the laboratory to the operating table. Disclosure: Dr. Louis has nothing to disclose.
Special focus on the Cajal Body.

The Cajal body (CB) is a nuclear compartment enriched in specific protein and RNA components without the barrier of a lipid bilayer. Like the nucleolus in the nucleus and stress granules in the cyt...
Abstract 239: Associations of polyunsaturated fat, bile acids, and gut microbiota on colorectal adenoma risk

Background: Intestinal microbiota, and their metabolites are increasingly recognized as important players in the genesis of colorectal adenomas and cancer. Epidemiological studies have also shown that polyunsaturated fat intake is associated with decreased risk of colorectal adenomas. This study examined the association between adherent gut microbiota and mucosal bile acids, and total polyunsaturated fat intake in relation to colorectal adenomas in a case-control study. Methods: Participants were 217 adenoma cases and 218 adenoma-free controls who underwent screening colonoscopies and completed food frequency questionnaires. The mucosal adherent microbiota was characterized by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. Global metabolomics of colonic mucosal tissue was conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry on a subset of samples. Genus level microbiota and bile acids were compared between cases and controls using t-test with correction for multiple comparison. Logistic regression and Pearson correlations were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and correlation coefficients for the association among microbiota abundance, bile acids concentration, and total polyunsaturated fat intake. Results: Adenoma subjects had a significantly higher bacterial abundance of Sphingomonas, Marinomonas and Ralstonia, but lower abundance of Adlercreutzia compared to controls. The concentration of eleven bile acids (Chenodeoxycholate, Cholate, Deoxycholate, Glycochenodeoxycholate, Glycocholenate sulfate, 7-ketodeoxycholate; 12-dehydrocholate, Taurochenodeoxycholate, Taurocholate, Taurodeoxycholate, Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate, and Tauroursodeoxycholate) were significantly elevated in cases compared to controls. Subjects with increased abundance of Sphingomonas and Ralstonia were significantly more likely to have adenomas (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.31-3.57; OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.38) respectively. Subjects with increased abundance of Adlercreutzia were less likely to have adenomas (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.93). The multivariable adjusted OR for those in the high relative to the low level of total polyunsaturated fat intake was 0.46 (95% CI 0.27-0.80). The correlations between bacterial diversity and eleven bile acids also significantly differed by case control status. Conclusion: The interactions of the gut microbiota, bile acids and consumption of polyunsaturated fat are associated with colorectal adenoma risk. Citation Format: Tengteng Wang, Nicole M. Brown, Amber N. McCoy, Robert S. Sandler, Temitope O. Keku. Associations of polyunsaturated fat, bile acids, and gut microbiota on colorectal adenoma risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 239. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-239
Structural insights into the interaction of the conserved mammalian proteins GAPR-1 and Beclin 1, a key autophagy protein

Mammalian Golgi-associated plant pathogenesis-related protein 1 (GAPR-1) is a negative autophagy regulator that binds Beclin 1, a key component of the autophagosome nucleation complex. Beclin 1 residues 267–284 are required for binding GAPR-1. Here, sequence analyses, structural modeling, mutagenesis combined with pull-down assays, X-ray crystal structure determination and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to investigate the Beclin 1–GAPR-1 interaction. Five conserved residues line an equatorial GAPR-1 surface groove that is large enough to bind a peptide. A model of a peptide comprising Beclin 1 residues 267–284 docked onto GAPR-1, built using the CABS-dock server, indicates that this peptide binds to this GAPR-1 groove. Mutation of the five conserved residues lining this groove, H54A/E86A/G102K/H103A/N138G, abrogates Beclin 1 binding. The 1.27 A resolution X-ray crystal structure of this pentad mutant GAPR-1 was determined. Comparison with the wild-type (WT) GAPR-1 structure shows that the equatorial groove of the pentad mutant is shallower and more positively charged, and therefore may not efficiently bind Beclin 1 residues 267–284, which include many hydrophobic residues. Both WT and pentad mutant GAPR-1 crystallize as dimers, and in each case the equatorial groove of one subunit is partially occluded by the other subunit, indicating that dimeric GAPR-1 is unlikely to bind Beclin 1. SAXS analysis of WT and pentad mutant GAPR-1 indicates that in solution the WT forms monomers, while the pentad mutant is primarily dimeric. Thus, changes in the structure of the equatorial groove combined with the improved dimerization of pentad mutant GAPR-1 are likely to abrogate binding to Beclin 1.
Cytotoxicity of three novel fluoropyrimidines in cultured L1210 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Cultured L1210 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells were used to compare metabolic activation and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (FU), Ftorafur (FT), and three novel FU-sulfur analogues. These analogues, l-(2′-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil (FUS), l-(2′-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil-l′-oxide (FUSO), and 1-(2′-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil-l′-l′-dioxide (FUSO2), have yet to be fully evaluated for potential therapeutic value based on in vitro cytotoxicity. The role of these FU analogues as prodrugs was evaluated by comparing metabolism of normal pyrimidine pathways and activation by hepatic mixed function oxidases (MFO). Significant differences in biochemical activity and cytotoxicity were measured between FU and FU analogues. FU and FU analogues were cytotoxic to L1210 cells (63–92% growth inhibition of 100 µM concentrations after 72 hr of incubation). However, at equimolar concentrations cytotoxicity of the FU analogues after MFO activation (56–66% growth inhibition) was greater than FU (47% growth inhibition). Hypoxanthine, a purine precursor, did not significantly alter fluoropyrimidine cytotoxicity with or without MFO. Thymidine and uridine, pyrimidine precursors, reduced FT and FUS cytotoxicities in the presence (27, 40%) and absence (25, 15%) of MFO but did not modify FU, FUSO, or FUSO2 cytotoxicities.
Kontum The Battle to Save South Vietnam

In 2001, U.S. Army historian Dale Andrade, in America’s Last Vietnam Battle: Halting Hanoi’s 1972 Easter Offensive (University Press of Kansas), observed that American advisors attached to Army of ...
Iron-Laden Mitochondria in Reticulum Cells of Hypersiderotic Human Bone Marrows

Iron-laden mitochondria were observed in three cases of primary nonhereditary sideroblastic anemia. The cells involved are considered to be a peculiar type of reticulum cell, possibly with erythropoietic potentiality. This feature and the rare presence of iron in mitochondria of reticulum cells which are clearly identifiable as macrophages suggest that an enzymatic defect in hemoglobin synthesis may account for the majority, but probably not all instances, of iron-laden mitochondria.
Building Bridges with Bach: Syntegration of Music and Visual Art.

Music and visual art share many common elements, principles, and processes. The numerous commonalities shared between music and visual arts afford for natural, meaningful integration opportunities ...
The influence of campus characteristics, temporal factors, and weather events on campuses-related daily bike-share trips

Abstract Recently, there has been an increase in bike-sharing programs on university campuses. However, there is scarce literature on the campus characteristics that are most favorable for these programs. This study evaluates the impacts of campus characteristics, temporal factors, and weather events on daily bike-sharing trips within U.S. university campuses. The study used data collected between 2014 and 2018 from 177 stations located within 25 campuses. With an average of 38 trips per day, a high variability in the number of daily trips was observed, with a maximum of 708 and a minimum of zero. Both traditional Negative Binomial (NB) and Mixed Effect Negative Binomial (MENB) models were applied, and their performances were compared based on a set of criteria. The MENB performed better than NB. The MENB model results revealed that among campus related factors, number of faculty/staffs, number of full-time students, private universities, campus size, and Latino and Asian student dominance are positively associated with an increase in trips per day, whereas number of part-time students, distance from campus to central business district, and students' ages are negatively associated. The temporal factors depicted that weekends, public holidays, time between semesters, and summer semester were associated with decreases in number of daily trips, while years in operation and fall semesters were positively associated with daily ridership. Severe weather events resulted in less bike-sharing, and average daily temperature was positively associated with number of trips. Campus bike-sharing planners can utilize these findings for estimating daily bike-sharing ridership on campuses.
A scene-adaptive descriptor for visual SLAM-based locating applications in built environments

Abstract Due to their independence from environment instrumentation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) based localization and navigation have received increasing attention and been widely applied for applications in the built environment and on construction sites. Compared with Lidar-based SLAM, the main concern with visual SLAM (vSLAM) is its effectiveness and robustness in challenging environments. As a major type of vSLAM algorithm, feature-based methods, including the state-of-the-art ORB-SLAM, rely on rich image features and a robust descriptor for matching feature correspondences across different image frames, which suffers from performance loss in environments with low-texture, low-structure areas (e.g., building corridors) or motion blur that are pretty common in practical applications. Regardless of being traditionally handcrafted or learned from recent data-driven methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), previous methods try to obtain an optimal fixed feature transform that works for any scenes. With the aim of improving tracking robustness in challenging environments, as opposed to such fixed feature presentation, this research proposes and explores a learning-based dynamic feature transform that is self-adaptive towards recently observed scenes, which we termed as Deep SAFT. This paper also presents the design details of an implementation of Deep SAFT working with ORB-SLAM and evaluates the modified algorithm on fifteen popular public dataset sequences. The valuation results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of SAFT for improving the matching performance of learning-based descriptors. The proposed SAFT can be integrated with existing feature-based vSLAM algorithms to provide more robust locating service for applications either in the built environment (such as facility management) or on construction sites (such as construction site safety, construction progress monitoring, and infrastructure inspection).
Stent Thrombosis: Early, Late, and Very Late

Abstract The introduction of coronary stents to the field of interventional cardiology seemingly offered an ultimate answer to three major problems that complicated the performance of percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions, i.e., dissections, acute vessel closure, and restenosis. Nevertheless, while stents indeed properly addressed these obstacles, they induced as well a new major problem, i.e., stent thrombosis. Significant progress has been made since the late 1990s in understanding the pathophysiology of stent thrombosis and, consequently, introducing accommodating stents' design. Accordingly, improved procedural techniques and tailored pharmacotherapy have been achieved. However, with the recent introduction of the bio-resorbable stent platforms that contain scaffolding elements, the issue of stent thrombosis has become again an ominous potential complication. Thus, stent thrombosis remains a significant challenge, which calls for new solutions. This chapter reviews historical perspectives, describes technical aspects of the management of stent thrombosis, and presents the current views on early, late, and very late stent thrombosis.
Compressive 2-d Off-grid DOA Estimation for Propeller Cavitation Localization

This paper introduces compressive sensing (CS) based two-dimensional (2-D) off-grid direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation approach which can output the azimuths and elevations of radiating sources for propeller tip vortex cavitation localization. With a discretized angular search-grid of the conventional CS based approach, grid mismatch deteriorates the DOA estimation performance. To obtain the off-grid estimation performance, we formulate the 2-D off-grid DOA estimation problem into a block-sparse CS framework. In addition, the presented method can be applied to arrays of arbitrary geometry with no array configuration constraint. The approach is illustrated by numerical simulations and experimental data (cavitation tunnel experiment).