cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-Aware Scheduling for Acyclic Synchronous Data Flows on Multiprocessors

Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) is a useful computational model in image processing, computer vision, and DSP. Previously, throughput and buffer requirement analyses have been studied for SDFs. In this paper, we address energy-aware scheduling for acyclic SDFs on multiprocessors. The multiprocessor considered here has the capability of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), which allows processors to operate at different power/energy levels to reduce the energy consumption. An acyclic SDF graph can first be transformed to an equivalent homogeneous SDF graph and then to a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for one iteration of it. We propose pipeline scheduling to address two closely related problems. The first problem is minimizing energy consumption per iteration of the acyclic SDF given a throughput constraint; the second problem is maximizing throughput given an energy consumption constraint per iteration of the acyclic SDF. Since the space of valid total orders of the transformed DAG is exponential, and finding the optimal order is no easy task, we first derive a valid total order, which can be achieved via various strategies, based on the DAG. Given the derived order, we design two dynamic programming algorithms, which produce optimal pipeline scheduling (including pipeline stage partitioning and the frequency setting for each stage), for the two problems, respectively. We also compare the performances of using various strategies to derive a valid total order. Analyses, experiments, and simulations demonstrate the strength of our proposed pipeline scheduling and dynamic programming algorithms.
Coming of age in changing times: Occupational aspirations of American youth, 1966–1980

Abstract Young people in the United States are driven by an ideology of high achievement and hold ambitious occupational aspirations, yet little is known about the process by which they negotiate social conditions to come to terms with life's limitations. We use a life-course perspective to examine change in prestige, education, earning potential, and sex type dimensions in occupational aspirations in the U.S., using longitudinal data on cohorts of young people ages 14–29 during the period between 1966 and 1980. After their initial formation in childhood and adolescence, occupational aspirations are regulated by experiences in the educational system, the labor market, and for women, the adult family. The Civil Rights and the Women's Movements contributed to age-, cohort-, and period-related increases in women and black men's occupational aspirations. The economic downturn after 1973 also played a role, reducing young men's occupational aspirations and reverting black men's aspirations to the same level as that prior to the 1970s, negating the positive influences of the Civil Rights Movement. There is no evidence that the Vietnam War produced a net change in young people's aspirations. These findings show that after their initial formation under ascriptive influences, occupational aspirations continue to evolve as new life experiences associated with changed societal values and opportunity structure provide impetus for change. Despite these perturbations, socioeconomic background, race, and gender retain a pervasive impact on the regulation of young people's aspirations in adolescent and young adulthood in the United States.
Heat-induced changes in the mechanical behavior of passive coronary arteries

We performed in vitro pressure-diameter and axial force-length experiments on nondiseased, passive bovine coronary arteries subjected to bath temperatures from 21 to 80 degrees C for 90 s to 4 hr. Over the strain ranges studied, we found that: (a) vessel behavior remained the same over 20 min of testing at 21 to 55 degrees C, (b) vessels stiffened multiaxially after 5 min of exposure to 60 degrees C and continued to stiffen over 20 min of testing, (c) dramatic multiaxial vessel stiffening and shrinkage occurred after 90 s of exposure to 70 and 80 degrees C, and (d) heat-induced changes at 70 degrees C depended on the intraluminal pressure during heating. Thus, passive bovine coronary arteries exhibit a complex thermomechanical behavior that depends on the temperature, duration of thermal exposure, and the mechanical loads applied during heating.
Synthesis of 5-azido-UDP-N-acetylhexosamine photoaffinity analogs and radiolabeled UDP-N-acetylhexosamines.

Abstract Nuleotide sugar photoaffinity analogs have proven to be useful in the identification and characterization of glycosyltransferases. A radioenzymatic synthesis of [ 32 P]5-azido-UDP- N -acetylglucosamine has been accomplished using 5-azido-UTP, [γ- 32 P]ATP, porcine N -acetylgalactosamine kinase, and Escherichia coli UDP- N -acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, GlmU. This general enzymatic scheme was useful for the synthesis of [ 32 P]5-azido-UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine and high-specific-activity [ 3 H] or [ 32 P]UDP- N -acetylhexosamines. A new chemical synthesis method for generating 5-azido-uridine compounds was also developed. [ 32 P]5-Azido-UDP- N -acetylglucosamine was functionally characterized using different soluble and membrane-associated glycosyltransferases which utilize UDP-GlcNAc as a substrate. Site-specific photoincorporation was observed for partially purified GlmU and porcine UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase. The photoprobe also effectively photoincorporated into the α- and β-subunitsof purified bovine UDP- N -acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N -acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Lastly, the photoprobe was also effective atphotolabeling Streptococcus pyogenes hyaluronate synthase in membrane preparations.
The Third Symmetric Product of ℝ

We study the geometry of the space of all non-empty subsets of the real line ℝ of cardinality at most three endowed with the Hausdorff metric. The space is known to be homeomorphic to the 3-dimensional Euclidean space ℝ3. We prove that it is, in fact, (3 + 4π)-bi-Lipschitz equivalent to ℝ3. We also show that all isometries of ℝ3 are induced by isometries of ℝ.
Emergency Cardiac Care- Bootstrapping to 2,000 AD*

The history of emergency cardiac care was outlined in the keynote address by James Warren during the 13th Bethesda Conference.’ The expertise gained in coronary care units was rapidly implemented in the emergency room and subsequently in the prehospital care of the patient with suspected coronary heart disease. Those advances have been facilitated by the availability of sophisticated communication systems and telemetry in addition to a manpower pool of trained professionals. Having come to this advanced stage, what shall we do next? Where is the need? We perceive a great need for further advances at both ends of the spectrum in the delivery of emergency care in the field and at the bedside in the hospital. As an extension of prehospital care, the bystander or witness is the potential instrument for the earliest possible delivery of life-saving health care. It is the bystander who must be educated in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Such efforts are of proved value because they have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in the victims of “sudden cardiac death.” 2m4 The education of so many bystanders, be they relatives or unrelated citizens, is an awesome but worthy task. It has the potential of saving 8 million lives over the next 2 decades. At the other end of the spectrum of care, we should focus on the preparedness of the physician to render life-saving cardiac care. In principle, all of the elaborate systems are intended to bring the patient to the hospital for definitive care. The 13th Bethesda Conference addressed the extraordinary resources that may be avail-
Progress in screening for early breast cancer

Ten years have now passed since the American Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute sponsored Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects (BCDDP) started to evaluate the use of mammography, physical examination, thermography, and breast self-examination in screening women for the presence of unsuspected breast cancer. Criteria have been developed to evaluate population screening as an approach to cancer control and breast cancer screening techniques. Combined physical examination and mammography have been particularly successful in detecting early breast cancer. Although the number of screening programs for breast cancer has increased in the past decade, real progress has been surprisingly slow and the issues in breast cancer screening have proved to be subtle and complex.
The lifecycle of Bayesian network models developed for Multi-Source Signature assessment of Nuclear Programs

The Multi-Source Signatures for Nuclear Programs project, part of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL's) Signature Discovery Initiative, seeks to computationally capture expert assessment of multi-type information to assess nuclear activities through a series of Bayesian network (BN) models. Information types may include text, sensor output, imagery, or audio/video files. The BN models incorporate knowledge from a diverse range of information sources to help assess a country's nuclear activities. The models span engineering topic areas, country-level indicators, and facility-specific characteristics. To illustrate the development, calibration, and use of BN models for multi-source assessment, we present a model that predicts a country's likelihood to participate in the international nuclear nonproliferation regime. We validate this model by examining the extent to which the model helps non-experts arrive at conclusions similar to those provided by nuclear proliferation experts. We also describe the PNNL-developed software used throughout the lifecycle of the Bayesian network model development.
Parity violation and the effective gravitational action in three dimensions

Abstract A diagrammatic computation of the parity-breaking gravitational effective action induced by massless fermions in three dimensions is presented. The lowest-order approximation to the Chern-Simons action is obtained, in agreement with a general index-theoretic result.
Seeing the glass half full: living with Sjogren's Syndrome.

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the lived experiences of women with Sjogren's Syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune syndrome in which invading lymphocytes attack moisture-producing glands of the body. This syndrome, affecting 4 million Americans, involves extreme dryness of the eyes and mouth and other systemic complications such as fatigue and muscle and joint pain. Ten women, ranging in age from 27 to 83, with SS were interviewed to understand their coping strategies and attitudes. This study used Strauss' framework to view the quality of life of the chronically ill—specifically, those with SS. Nine questions were asked to elicit information on limitations with daily living, relationships, emotions about lifestyle changes, and comparisons with others living with chronic disease. In addition to SS, 8 of the 10 women also had fibromyalgia, and 4 had other conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (secondary Sjogren's). Their responses were categorized into four groups: helping, hindering, hoping, and hurting. This led to the development of the 4H Model of Chronic Autoimmune Disease with subcategories such as: supporting, joining, comparing, coping, health promoting, fearing, becoming a chronic sufferer, feeling, wishing, appearing, impeding, restricting, isolating, suffering, doctoring, and diagnosing. J Prof Nurs 17:194-202, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
The safety and efficacy of approaches to liver resection: a meta-analysis.

Background The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of conventional laparotomy with those of robotic and laparoscopic approaches to hepatectomy. Database Independent reviewers conducted a systematic review of publications in PubMed and Embase, with searches limited to comparative articles of laparoscopic hepatectomy with either conventional or robotic liver approaches. Outcomes included total operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, resection margins, postoperative complications, perioperative mortality rates, and cost measures. Outcome comparisons were calculated using random-effects models to pool estimates of mean net differences or of the relative risk between group outcomes. Forty-nine articles, representing 3702 patients, comprise this analysis: 1901 (51.35%) underwent a laparoscopic approach, 1741 (47.03%) underwent an open approach, and 60 (1.62%) underwent a robotic approach. There was no difference in total operative times, surgical margins, or perioperative mortality rates among groups. Across all outcome measures, laparoscopic and robotic approaches showed no difference. As compared with the minimally invasive groups, patients undergoing laparotomy had a greater estimated blood loss (pooled mean net change, 152.0 mL; 95% confidence interval, 103.3-200.8 mL), a longer length of hospital stay (pooled mean difference, 2.22 days; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-2.66 days), and a higher total complication rate (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.57). Conclusion Minimally invasive approaches to liver resection are as safe as conventional laparotomy, affording less estimated blood loss, shorter lengths of hospitalization, lower perioperative complication rates, and equitable oncologic integrity and postoperative mortality rates. There was no proven advantage of robotic approaches compared with laparoscopic approaches.
Municipal Revenue Forecasting with Time. Series Models: A Florida Case Study:

Forecasts of revenue from major sources in eight Florida cities suggest that simple time-series models such as the moving average and exponential smoothing may be appropriate for revising revenue forecasts within the fiscal year, a practice that has been shown to help local governments budget closer to the ever-tighter budget restraints they face. However, interviews with local officials and examination of their budget and accounting records confirm prior findings that limited forecasting expertise and data availability in local governments may limit the utilization of these methods. Moreover, the norm of revenue underforecasting, noted in this study and elsewhere, suggests a degree of risk aversion that may preclude experimentation with the models tested in the study. Ironically, this may place local officials at greater risk of misestimating revenue at a time when their revenue streams are becoming less reliant on the stable property tax and increasingly reliant on more volatile, economically sensitive ...
Digital supine bicycle stress echocardiography: A new technique for evaluating coronary artery disease

Abstract Objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of digital supine bicycle stress echocardiography, a new technique for evaluating coronary artery disease during peak exercise. Background. Prior stress echocardiographic techniques have not utilized peak exercise imaging to determine the extent and location of coronary artery disease. Methods. Two-hundred twenty-two patients were studied: 180 underwent both supine bicycle stress echocardiography and coronary arteriography; 42 had a Results. Supine bicycle stress echocardiography was 93% sensitive, 86% specific and 92% accurate for identifying patients with coronary artery disease irrespective of prior myocardial infarction or achievement of ≥85% maximal predicted heart rate. The “normalcy” rate in the low probability group was 100%. Supine bicycle stress echocardiography was 87% sensitive, 89% specific and 88% accurate for specific vessel identification. The sensitivity was greatest for the left anterior descending compared with the right coronary artery and the left circumflex coronary artery (95% vs. 81% vs. 78%, p Conclusions. Supine bicycle stress echocardiography is a highly accurate tool for evaluating coronary artery disease, identifying both the patient with coronary artery disease and the location and extent of disease.
Myoepithelial Neoplasms of Soft Tissue: An Updated Review of the Clinicopathologic, Immunophenotypic, and Genetic Features

Myoepithelial tumors in skin and soft tissue are uncommon but have been increasingly characterized over the past decade. Men and women are equally affected across all age groups and lesions arise most frequently on the extremities and limb girdles. Approximately 20 % of cases occur in pediatric patients, in whom they are frequently malignant. Similar to their salivary gland counterparts, myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue demonstrate heterogeneous morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Tumors are classified as mixed tumor/chondroid syringoma, myoepithelioma, and myoepithelial carcinoma; in soft tissue, tumors having at least moderate cytologic atypia are classified as malignant. Mixed tumor and myoepithelioma show a benign clinical course, with recurrence in up to 20 % (typically secondary to incomplete excision), and do not metastasize. In contrast, myoepithelial carcinoma shows more aggressive behavior with recurrence and metastasis in up to 40–50 % of cases. The majority of myoepithelial neoplasms typically coexpress epithelial antigens (cytokeratin and/or EMA) and S-100 protein; GFAP and p63 are frequently positive and a subset of malignant neoplasms lose INI1 expression. Up to 45 % of myoepitheliomas and myoepithelial carcinomas harbor EWSR1 gene rearrangements, unlike mixed tumor/chondroid syringoma which is characterized by PLAG1 gene rearrangement. While mixed tumor/chondroid syringoma are likely related to primary salivary myoepithelial tumors, soft tissue myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma appear to be pathologically distinct neoplasms.
The lack of effect of the adrenal hormones upon gastric acid secretion.

TUERKISHER and Wertheimer (1945) found that the secretion of free and total acid by the stomachs of adrenalectomized, anesthetized and laparotomized rats was lower than that in control rats. Acid secretion in their preparations was not increased by administration of sodium chloride or desoxycorticosterone acetate, but it was increased by injections of a whole extract of the adrenal cortex. They concluded that the presence of hormones of the adrenal cortex is essential for the secretion of acid by the stomach. Many of the numerous physiological changes which occur in animals as the result of adrenalectomy are known to affect the ability of the stomach to secrete acid. Among these changes are a fall in blood pressure and cardiac output, a decrease in blood glucose concentration, a distortion of the plasma electrolyte pattern and the occurrence of acidosis. It is possible that the failure of the stomach to secrete acid
Modeling the shearing and rehybridization process of DNA

The physiological complexity of biological systems makes it very difficult to formulate hypotheses to explain their behavior and to test such hypotheses. Simulation models are precise statements of hypo theses ; hence comparing the behavior of a model with that of the corresponding real-world system is a way of testing the adequacy of the hypothesis represent ed by the model.In this paper we use a simulation model to assess a hypothesis about the hydrodynamic shearing of DNA. A second model uses the output of the first one as an input. This latter model is being used to study the rehybridization process, which involves several unknown stochastic distributions.
Signaling through BMP type 1 receptors is required for development of interneuron cell types in the dorsal spinal cord

During spinal cord development, distinct classes of interneurons arise at stereotypical locations along the dorsoventral axis. In this paper, we demonstrate that signaling through bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptors is required for the formation of two populations of commissural neurons, DI1 and DI2, that arise within the dorsal neural tube. We have generated a double knockout of both BMP type 1 receptors, Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b , in the neural tube. These double knockout mice demonstrate a complete loss of D1 progenitor cells, as evidenced by loss of Math1 expression, and the subsequent failure to form differentiated DI1 interneurons. Furthermore, the DI2 interneuron population is profoundly reduced. The loss of these populations of cells results in a dorsal shift of the dorsal cell populations, DI3 and DI4. Other dorsal interneuron populations, DI5 and DI6, and ventral neurons appear unaffected by the loss of BMP signaling. The Bmpr double knockout animals demonstrate a reduction in the expression of Wnt and Id family members, suggesting that BMP signaling regulates expression of these factors in spinal cord development. These results provide genetic evidence that BMP signaling is crucial for the development of dorsal neuronal cell types.
Proton Therapy Expansion Under Current United States Reimbursement Models

Purpose To determine whether all the existing and planned proton beam therapy (PBT) centers in the United States can survive on a local patient mix that is dictated by insurers, not by number of patients. Methods and Materials We determined current and projected cancer rates for 10 major US metropolitan areas. Using published utilization rates, we calculated patient percentages who are candidates for PBT. Then, on the basis of current published insurer coverage policies, we applied our experience of what would be covered to determine the net number of patients for whom reimbursement is expected. Having determined the net number of covered patients, we applied our average beam delivery times to determine the total number of minutes needed to treat that patient over the course of their treatment. We then calculated our expected annual patient capacity per treatment room to determine the appropriate number of treatment rooms for the area. Results The population of patients who will be both PBT candidates and will have treatments reimbursed by insurance is significantly smaller than the population who should receive PBT. Coverage decisions made by insurers reduce the number of PBT rooms that are economically viable. Conclusions The expansion of PBT centers in the US is not sustainable under the current reimbursement model. Viability of new centers will be limited to those operating in larger regional metropolitan areas, and few metropolitan areas in the US can support multiple centers. In general, 1-room centers require captive (non–PBT-served) populations of approximately 1,000,000 lives to be economically viable, and a large center will require a population of >4,000,000 lives. In areas with smaller populations or where or a PBT center already exists, new centers require subsidy.
Quality Characteristics of Restructured Turkey Meat with Variable Alginate/Calcium‐Lactate Ratios

Restructured ground turkey and turkey breast meat patties, formulated with combinations of 0–1.0% sodium alginate, 0–0.1875% calcium carbonate and 0–0.6% lactate, were compared to a no additive control. The ratio of sodium alginate to calcium carbonate was held constant at 5.3 to 1. Optimal sensory and instrumental raw and cooked product bind was achieved with combinations of 0.4–1.0% sodium alginate, 0.0750–0.1875% calcium carbonate and 0.6% lactate. All restructured products with the algin/calcium binder had higher (p 0.05) between treatments.
Information Asymmetries as Trade Barriers: ISO 9000 Increases International Commerce.

Spatial, cultural, and linguistic barriers create information asymmetries between buyers and sellers that impede international trade. The International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 program is designed to reduce these information asymmetries by providing assurance about the product quality of firms that receive its certification. Based on analyses of a panel of 140 countries from 1994 to 2004, we find that ISO 9000 certification levels are associated with increases in countries' bilateral exports, particularly for developing countries' exports, which may be due to their more severe quality assurance challenges. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Oxidoreductases for modification of linen fibers

Glucose oxidase has been successfully applied for bleaching of cellulosic materials such as cotton, while laccases, lignin and manganese peroxidases have been found useful for delignification processes of pulp fibers. Little research, however, has been performed in the area of modification of lignin-containing textile fibers, such as linen, using oxidoreductases. Glucose oxidase, laccase and combinations of both enzymes were applied to unbleached linen. The surface properties of untreated and enzymatically treated fibers were investigated by inverse gas chromatography (IGC), and the dispersive component of the free energy γSd as well as the surface acidity (Ka) and basicity constants (Kb) determined. A decrease of both Ka and Kb constants after the enzymatic treatment was observed indicating a change in surface functional groups. An attempt was made to correlate lignin content, surface properties and whiteness of the treated linen fibers. The combination of laccase and glucose oxidase for bleaching of linen fabric showed higher effectiveness than either one of the enzymes applied alone.
The declining complete denture patient pool in dental schools.

I n preparation for this discussion, the members of a panel? polled or discussed the topic with representatives of dental schools in their regions. All schools in the United States and Canada had the opportunity to contribute. Few references are cited because a review of the literature revealed no pertinent or adequate studies. The fact that the information presented represents all regions and was independently obtained and verified by panel members lends credence to the discussion. The percent of the population in the United States categorized as geriatric has been increasing since colonial times. Although the percent of people’ needing dentures has decreased, the actual numbers have increased because of the overall increase in population and the aforementioned increased percent of older people. Because people are living longer, they require more denture service throughout their lives. These facts lead us to the conclusion that patients needing prosthodontic care are available. Why are they not coming to dental schools for treatment, as they did in the past? What can be done to motivate patients to use university dental clinics so that students can gain clinical experience in complete dentures and other disciplines before they graduate and are licensed to practice?
The role of murine models in the development of antifungal therapy for systemic mycoses

Animal testing is crucial to the development of new antifungal compounds. This review describes the role that murine and other animal models have played in the development of three classes of antifungal agents: the polyenes, the triazoles and the echinocandins and the ways in which these models have been either the positive link in the path from in vitro studies to the patient, or have foreclosed later clinical evaluation. Efficacy studies in particular mycoses are discussed, as well as studies designed to determine whether combinations of antifungal drugs may have value over single agents. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Estradiol-sensitive transhydrogenation in hamster placenta.

Abstract Oxygen consumption in slices and cell-free homogenates of hamster placenta is stimulated by 10 −6 M estradiol-17β added in vitro at pH 6.5. Evidence indicates that the locus of estradiol action in this tissue is a soluble TPNH-DPN transhydrogenase coupled predominately to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The material precipitated from the soluble fraction of cellular homogenates by 2.1 M ammonium sulfate contains an estradiol-sensitive transhydrogenase which is stimulated by added 10 −7 M estradiol to a greater degree at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.4. Radioactive estradiol is converted to estrone by this preparation. Total activity for the transhydrogenase in hamster placenta is 9% of that in similar preparations of human placenta. Total activity for the estradiol dehydrogenase is 0.01 to 0.07% of that in human placenta.
Temporal Parts and Identity Across Time

Many philosophers think that ‘What is identity across time?’ is an important and meaningful question. I have a great deal of trouble seeing what this question might be. But, very often, if one cannot understand a philosophical question, one’s best course is to look at some alleged answers to it; sometimes these answers enable one to see what question it is that they are offered as answers to. The following passage by Michael Tooley is supposed to provide an answer to the question we are trying to get at.
Wireless mobile collaboration

The focus of this new mini-track is on the rapidly changing and evolving use of wireless mobile computing technologies for human-to-human and human-to-machine collaboration. This mini-track is intended to provide a forum for reporting the results of research focusing on system and application development and technology usage as well as the reporting of user adoption, deployment, acceptance, and diffusion among academicians and practitioners in the computer-based system sciences. As such, the wireless mobile collaboration mini-track focuses on the conceptual design, implementation, use, and evaluation of wireless mobile computing technologies in controlled, organizational and broader societal settings. We include four papers to be presented as part of this new mini-track on mobile wireless collaboration. The first paper is by Khalifa and Cheng and is titled, "Adoption of Mobile Commerce: Role of Exposure. In this paper the authors develop and empirically test a model for explaining the role of exposure to mobile technology in the adoption of mobile commerce. The results show exposure has both indirect and moderating effects on the intention of adopting mobile commerce. The second paper is by Urbaczewski, Wells, Koivisto, and Sarker, and is titled, "Cultural Differences in Creating the Global Mobile Internet: A Theoretical Basis and Program of Research." In that paper the authors discuss mobile e-commerce and the role that culture plays in its globalization. They then pose a series of interesting research questions, existing theories suitable for studying these questions, and a proposed program of related research. The third paper is by Marsic, Krebs, Dorohonceanu, and Tremaine, and is titled, "Designing and Examining PC to Palm Collaboration." In this paper the authors describe an architecture for managing displays across multiple mobile computing platforms. They then operationalize this architecture in a collaboration system and experiment with its use across different platforms, with interesting results. The fourth paper is by Okoli, Ives, Jessup, and Valacich, and is titled, "The Mobile Conference Information System: Unleashing Academic Conferences with Wireless Mobile Computing." In this paper the authors provide a vision for how a mobile, wireless platform could be used to support and extend academic conferences. Perhaps one day soon we will see HICSS or some other such conference run in this way. In any event, we hope you enjoy these papers and that they prompt you to consider conducting research in this new and exciting area.
TWELVE NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF OSCINELLA (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE)

The North American species of the large and complex genus Oscinella Becker (sens. lat.) were reviewed by Sabrosky (1936, Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., 29:707-728) in a synopsis based on his study of the types. Since that time, a large quantity of material has been examined, with the discovery of several undescribed species populations. Because of their close resemblance to known species, some of these have probably been confused with them in past determinations.
Rate equation analysis of microcavity lasers

We describe the light output properties of single mode lasers having cavity dimensions on the order of the emitted wavelength. A simple rate equation formula is derived for a four‐level laser assuming enhanced spontaneous emission into the cavity. These rate equation analyses show that increasing the coupling of spontaneous emission into the cavity mode causes the lasing properties to become quite different from those of usual lasers having cavity dimensions much larger than a wavelength. We find that the lasing threshold disappears, the light emission efficiency increases, relaxation oscillations do not occur, and the dynamic response speed is improved. It is shown that the spontaneous emission rate alteration caused by the cavity plays an essentially important role for these characteristics.
Potential net soil N mineralization and decomposition of glycine-13C in forest soils along an elevation gradient

The objective of this research was to better understand patterns of soil nitrogen (N) availability and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in forest soils across an elevation gradient (235-1670 m) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Laboratory studies were used to determine the potential rate of net soil N mineralization and in situ studies of {sup 13}C-labelled glycine were used to infer differences in decomposition rates. Nitrogen stocks, surface soil (0-5 cm) N concentrations, and the pool of potentially mineralizable surface soil N tended to increase from low to high elevations. Rates of potential net soil N mineralization were not significantly correlated with elevation. Increasing soil N availability with elevation is primarily due to greater soil N stocks and lower substrate C-to-N ratios, rather than differences in potential net soil N mineralization rates. The loss rate of {sup 13}C from labelled soils (0-20 cm) was inversely related to study site elevation (r = -0.85; P < 0.05) and directly related to mean annual temperature (+0.86; P<0.05). The results indicated different patterns of potential net soil N mineralization and {sup 13}C loss along the elevation gradient. The different patterns can be explained within a framework of climate, substrate chemistry, and coupled soilmore » C and N stocks. Although less SOM decomposition is indicated at cool, high-elevation sites, low substrate C-to-N ratios in these N-rich systems result in more N release (N mineralization) for each unit of C converted to CO{sub 2} by soil microorganisms.« less
Enchanted Modernities: Mysticism, Landscape, and the American West

(2015). Enchanted Modernities: Mysticism, Landscape, and the American West. The Senses and Society: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 92-98.
Synthesis and Antitremorine Activity of Amino Ketals

Amino ketal derivatives of benzoin and α-hydroxycyclohexyl phenylketone were prepared for evaluation of central anticholinergic and anti-Parkinsonian activity. Selected members of the series exhibited antitremorine potency with low orders of peripheral anticholinergic activity. The most potent tremorine antagonist was tested against oxotremorine, an active metabolite of tremorine, and found to be inactive. It is concluded that the compounds probably act by preventing the in vivo conversion of tremorine to oxotremorine rather than by a central anticholinergic mechanism.
Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of gas/solid flow systems: 1999 Fluor-Daniel Plenary lecture

Gas/solid flow systems, including fluidized beds, are an essential part of many chemical processes. The optimum design and scale-up of these systems requires a through understanding of gas/solid flow patterns. Achievement of this understanding involves the development of experimental flow measurement techniques, and experimentally verified multiphase flow equations and numerical simulation tools. This paper provides a brief review of current techniques in solid flow measurement and recent contributions of the multiphase flow approach to gas/solid flow systems and fluidization. It features a review of the Eulerian approach, as well as different governing and constitutive equations, including the kinetic theory approach for cohesive and non-cohesive particles. The effects of inlet, outlet and boundary conditions are also discussed. Two- and three-dimensional transient numerical simulations of gas/solid flow patterns in circulating and bubbling fluidized beds are presented, along with a comparison of the predicted flow parameters with large-scale experimental data. In addition, recent improvements in the computational code to simulate a real process with complex geometries, developed in partnership with Fluent and AEA Technology, are highlighted. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the limitations and opportunities for research and development in this area.
Mutations that Alter cTnC Ca2+ Binding Affect Interactions with cTnI and Cardiomyocyte Contraction

We are using a series of cardiac TnC (cTnC) variants with increased (L48Q) or decreased (L57Q or I61Q) Ca2+ binding affinity (in solution) that alter Ca2+ regulation of force development in skinned myocardium to study 1) molecular mechanisms of the thin filament Ca2+ signaling pathway, and 2) their influence on intracellular Ca2+ metabolism. Solution binding studies indicated increased affinity of the cTnC variants for cTnI in the order L48Q > wild type (WT) > L57Q > I61Q. We previously reported for stopped flow experiments that L48Q cTnC-Tn slows calcium dissociation (by about 4 fold compared to WT), and L57Q and I61Q increases the rate of release. Ca2+ dissociation from reconstituted thin filaments containing cTnC variants was increased in all cases, with L48Q again slowing release and I61Q increasing calcium release compared to WT. Previously, our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested increased Ca2+ and cTnI affinity of L48Q vs. WT cTnC resulting from increased mobility of the B-helix, greater exposure of the hydrophobic patch and stronger interactions of Ca2+ with some of the coordinating residues at Ca2+ binding site II. We now report ‘lifting’ of B helix of L48Q cTnC(1-89) in apo states simulations. There were no similar movements with L57Q and I61Q simulations. Adenoviral mediated expression of cTnC variants in quiescent cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes resulted in shortening rate and magnitude in the order I61Q > L57Q > WT > L48Q. Ca2+ transients (Fura-2) were not affected by L48Q, but reduced with L57Q or I61Q cTnC. Together these data suggest that cTnC variants with altered Ca2+ binding affinity can influence interactions with cTnI and alter myocardial Ca2+ metabolism. HL091368, HL65497 (MR), AHA-09PRE2090056 (DW).
Recovery from spinal transection in fish

Goldfish had spinal transections at segment 12 and then survived for 47-243 days. Horseradish peroxidase was placed into spinal segment 15 in unoperated and operated fish and labeled neurons were found in: (1) the reticular formation; (2) the vestibular nuclei, and (3) the nuclei of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The labeled neurons were slightly larger in operated fish and, in general, the longer the fish survived transection, the more cells were labeled. This demonstrates that brain regions whose neurons project from the spinal cord to segment 15 in unoperated fish also project to segment 15 after recovery from transection.
Evaluation of the one-loop effective action at zero and finite temperature: Scalar fields.

A method for determining the leading quantum contributions to the effective action for both zero and finite temperatures is presented. While it is described in the context of a scalar field theory, it can be straightforwardly extended to include fermions. An extrapolation procedure which can significantly enhance the computational efficiency is introduced. This formalism is used to investigate quantum corrections to the nucleation rate in first-order phase transitions.
Genetic algorithms for texture model identification and synthesis

This paper presents research on texture modeling and regeneration. We view a texture as a large pattern created from regular repetitions of a small, basic texture element, or texel. Given a texture image, the problem was to find the 'best' texel for that data, regenerate the texture represented by that texel, and compare the original image and the regenerated one. The texel-finding problem was posed as an optimization procedure. We used a genetic algorithm to do the optimization. To regenerate the texture, we used a Metropolis-like algorithm. The textures regenerated from the texels found by the genetic algorithm were difficult to visually distinguish from the original data. Research efforts are continuing to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the method and to extend the method to different types of data.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of cations on the linear dichroism and selective polarized light scattering of thylakoids

The effect of cations on the linear dichroism (LD) and selective polarized light scattering of higher plant thylakoids was investigated. The results show that the major change in LD signal caused by the addition of cations is due to a scattering contribution most probably resulting from thylakoid stacking. However, minor changes in the LD signal also occur on the short wavelength side of the main LD band that persist even when a large proportion of the scattering change is eliminated by increasing the refractive index of the medium. The minor changes appear to be correlated with the cation-induced increase in variable fluorescence and resolution of the spectra at 77 K reveals that the changes in dichroism are due to LD bands of pigments associated with the light-harvesting complex.
Recovery From Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Horses: Comparison to Isoflurane and Effect of Postmedication With Xylazine

Objective—To compare recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in horses. Study Design—Prospective, randomized cross-over design. Animals—Nine Arabian horses (3 mares, 3 geldings, and 3 stallions) weighing 318 to 409 kg, 4 to 20 years old. Methods—Horses were anesthetized on three occasions with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), Diazepam (0.03 mg/kg intravenously [IV]), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg IV). After intubation, they were maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane for 90 minutes. On a third occasion, horses were maintained with sevoflurane and given xylazine (0.1 mg/kg IV) when the vaporizer was turned off. Horses were not assisted in recovery and all recoveries were videotaped. Time to extubation, first movement, sternal, and standing were recorded as was the number of attempts required to stand. Recoveries were scored on a 1 to 6 scoring system (1 = best, 6 = worst) by the investigators, and by three evaluators who were blinded to the treatments the horses received. These blinded evaluators assessed the degree of ataxia present at 10 minutes after each horse stood, and recorded the time at which they judged the horse to be ready to leave the recovery stall. Results—Mean times (± SD) to extubation, first movement, sternal, and standing were 4.1 (1.7), 6.7 (1.9), 12.6 (4.6), and 17.4 (7.2) minutes with isoflurane; 3.4 (0.8), 6.6 (3.1), 10.3 (3.1), and 13.9 (3.0) minutes with sevoflurane; and 4.0 (1.2), 9.1 (3.3), 13.8 (6.5), and 18.0 (7.1) with sevoflurane followed by xylazine. Horses required a mean number of 4 (2.3), 2 (0.9), and 2 (1.6) attempts to stand with isoflurane, sevoflurane, and sevoflurane followed by xylazine respectively. The mean recovery score (SD) for isoflurane was 2.9 (1.2) from investigators and 2.4 (1.1) from blinded evaluators. For sevoflurane, the mean recovery score was 1.7 (0.9) from investigators and 1.9 (1.1) from evaluators, whereas the recoveries from sevoflurane with xylazine treatment were scored as 1.7 (1.2) from investigators and 1.7 (1.0) from blinded evaluators. Conclusions—Recoveries appeared to vary widely from horse to horse, but were significantly shorter with sevoflurane than isoflurane, although sevoflurane followed by xylazine was no different from isoflurane. Under the conditions of the study, recoveries from sevoflurane and sevoflurane followed by xylazine were of better quality than those from isoflurane. Clinical Relevance—Sevoflurane anesthesia in horses may contribute to a shorter, safer recovery from anesthesia.
Flameholding in Converging and Turning Channels over Cavities with Periodic Port Injection

The deliberate continuation of the combustion in the turbine passages of a gas-turbine engine has the potential to increase the efficiency and the specific thrust or power of current gas-turbine engines. This concept, known as a turbine burner, introduces certain challenges concerning the injection, mixing, ignition, and burning of fuel within a short residence time in a turbine passage characterized by large three-dimensional accelerations. Here, the injection of the fuel into a cavity adjacent to the modeled turbine passage is examined, which creates a low-speed zone for mixing and flameholding. The turbine passage is modeled as a converging and curving channel flow of high-temperature vitiated air adjacent to a cavity. To give a broader understanding of the cavity channel-flow coupling, both constant-area and converging channels with both straight and curving centerlines are modeled. Three-dimensional unsteady calculations with periodic port injection are performed, examining the effects of channel con...
Gamma-band synchronous oscillations: recent evidence regarding their functional significance.

How do our brains represent distinct objects in consciousness? In order to consciously distinguish between objects, our brains somehow selectively bind together activity patterns of spatially intermingled neurons that simultaneously represent similar and dissimilar features of distinct objects. Gamma-band synchronous oscillations (GSO) of neuroelectrical activity have been hypothesized to be a mechanism used by our brains to generate and bind conscious sensations to represent distinct objects. Most experiments relating GSO to specific features of consciousness have been published only in the last several years. This brief review focuses on a wide variety experiments in which animals, including humans, discriminate between sensory stimuli and make these discriminations evident in their behavior. Performance of these tasks, in humans, is invariably accompanied by conscious awareness of both stimuli and behavior. Results of these experiments indicate that specific patterns of GSO correlate closely with specific aspects of conscious sensorimotor processing. That is, GSO appear to be closely correlated with neural generation of our most paradigmatic cognitive state: consciousness.
Paradoxical effects of experience with food size and flavour in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Young hamsters were reared until 35 days of age with access to food pellets of one of three sizes. They were then given a choice between the three sizes of pellets: the familiar size and two unfamiliar sizes, and the rate of energy gain from eating pellets of each size was established. Contrary to predictions from optimal foraging theory, the animals chose pellets of the most unfamiliar size, not the most profitable ones. A taste preference study was conducted to see whether hamsters respond to taste cues as do other rodents. The animals showed a preference for familiar flavours. The results of these studies suggest that the sorts of experiences animals have had with food must be considered in any account of food choice behaviour.