cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological Sciences: Translation of Collagen mRNA from Chick Embryo Calvaria in a Cell-free System derived from Krebs II Ascites Cells

COLLAGEN is a helical molecule composed of three polypeptide chains (α chains) each with a molecular weight of approximately 95,000. The polypeptides are synthesised separately as precursor chains containing additional amino acids at the NH2 terminal end1–9. These pro α chains aggregate to form procollagen which is then secreted from the cell3,10. Procollagen peptidase removes the NH2 terminal segment from the soluble procollagen and the collagen is then deposited in extracellular fibres11.
Determination of adriamycin and daunorubicin in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with laser fluorometric detection

Abstract A separation and detection scheme is presented for the determination of the antitumor drugs adriamycin and daunorubicin in human urine. Separation is accompished by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the drugs are detected down to the low picograms level by laser excited fluoresence using a unique fiber optic based flow-cell. Excellent detector selectivity and linearity are reported, and some of the factors influencing the performance of the detector are discussed. Possible extension of the procedure to other biologically important determinations are mentioned.
Inverse associations between perceived racism and coronary artery calcification.

Purpose To evaluate whether racial discrimination is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in African-American participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Methods The study included American Black men (n = 571) and women (n = 791) aged 33 to 45 years in the CARDIA study. Perceived racial discrimination was assessed based on the Experiences of Discrimination scale (range, 1–35). CAC was evaluated using computed tomography. Primary analyses assessed associations between perceived racial discrimination and presence of CAC using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic position (SEP), psychosocial variables, and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Results In age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression models, odds of CAC decreased as the perceived racial discrimination score increased (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.98 per 1-unit increase in Experiences of Discrimination scale). The relationship did not markedly change after further adjustment for SEP, psychosocial variables, or CHD risk factors (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99). Conclusions Perceived racial discrimination was negatively associated with CAC in this study. Estimation of more forms of racial discrimination as well as replication of analyses in other samples will help to confirm or refute these findings.
Adaptation of corn roots to exogenously applied auxin

The ability of intact primary roots of corn (Zea mays L. Bear Hybrid WF 9 × 38) to adapt to growth-inhibitory concentrations of auxin was studied using a highly sensitive position sensor transducer to measure growth. The timing, concentration dependence and temperature dependence of adaptation were studied as well as the time course of loss of adaptation upon removal of auxin. The rate of root elongation is inhibited 80% within 40 min after application of 10−7M IAA. Within 90 min growth rate begins to recover. For concentrations of IAA equal to or greater than 10−7M, recovery of growth rate (adaptation) is incomplete. Corn roots show a similar pattern of adaptation to the synthetic auxins NAA and 2,4-D. The Q10 for adaptation is high (3.2) and comparable to that for root growth (3.3). Upon removal of exogenous IAA, loss of adaptation occurs with full sensitivity to the hormone regained within 20 min. Based on the auxin specificity and the Q10 for adaptation it is concluded that adaptation occurs neither by a change in the auxin degradation capacity of the root nor by a diffusional redistribution of applied auxin. It is suggested that adaptation involves metabolic processes, perhaps a metabolically dependent alteration of the number or affinity of auxin binding sites.
Self-reported Sleep Complaints With Long and Short Sleep: A Nationally Representative Sample

Objective Although the problems associated with insufficient sleep have been thoroughly researched, there has been far less substantiation of problems associated with long sleep. Recent evidence shows that habitual sleep duration greater than 7 hours is associated with increased rates of mortality. This study compared the rates of sleep problems in both long and short sleepers. Methods Self-reported sleep complaints (eg, sleep onset latency, awakenings during the night, early morning awakenings, nonrestorative sleep, and daytime sleepiness) of nearly 1000 adults who participated in the National Sleep Foundation’s 2001 Sleep in America Poll, were compared with reported hours of weekday sleep. Results There are U-shaped relationships of sleep complaints with reported weekday total sleep time. More specifically, 8-hour sleepers reported less frequent symptoms than long sleepers or 7-hour sleepers. Conclusions Thus, long sleepers, as well as short sleepers, report sleep problems, focusing attention to the often-overlooked problems of the long sleeper.
The Treatment of Epilepsy in the Elderly

Epilepsy is a common disorder encountered in the elderly. The goal of pharmacological treatment of epilepsy includes not only the control of the seizures but also improving quality of life, which implies balancing drug efficacy and adverse effects. Anticonvulsant drug therapy in the elderly requires knowledge of the physiological changes that occur with age, their impact on the pharmacokinetics of medications and the coexistence of polypharmacy The selection of anticonvulsants depends on the seizure type and syndrome diagnosis in conjunction with the potential for adverse effects and likelihood for compliance. All anticonvulsants approved for partial seizures show similar efficacy. However, older anticonvulsants show altered pharmacokinetics in the elderly while newer anticonvulsants show more minor age-related pharmacokinetic changes. Agespecific data regarding anticonvulsant toxicity and efficacy are sparse so that the use of these medications in the elderly is based on limited experience and anecdotal evidence. Among older anticonvulsants, carbamazepine is best tolerated when adjusted for changes in metabolism. Although phenytoin continues to be the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant, newer medications such as gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine seem to have more favourable tolerability profiles. The choice of anticonvulsant should be tailored to the individual patient, initiating therapy at low doses and with a slow titration schedule so as to minimise the risk of adverse effects.
Clathrin Adaptors Really Adapt

The clathrin pathway is the principal route for receptor-mediated endocytosis and growth factor downregulation. Heterotetrameric clathrin adaptors directly link the clathrin coat with cargo transmembrane proteins that are sorted into coated pits and vesicles. A paper in this issue of Cell describes the atomic structure of the adaptor-protein 2 (AP-2) core, the portion that makes contacts with the membrane and cytosolic tails of cargo proteins.
The mixture of phases and elastic stability of lungs with constant surface forces

Abstract If surface tension at the alveolar walls is independent or very little dependent or very little dependent on alveolar surface area, then a form of instability known as the atelectasis may occur. It is characterized by a particular form of a nonhomogeneous deformation where different phases of expansion coexist at equilibrium. From the appearance of a typical pressure-volume curve obtained from recent models, stability of uniformly expanded lungs is analyzed for the case when the surface tension is constant. Two methods are employed in the analysis: an inspection of the pressure-volume curve and an energy model. Both methods yield the conclusion that the lung expands uniformly over the configurations which are stable with respect to all disturbances and that the lung is neutrally stable during the mixture of phases.
The impact of education in rural Ghana: examining household labor allocation and returns on and off the farm

Most of the human capital literature pertaining to developing countries focuses on the returns to education in either farm work or wage work; few studies examine how education affects the allocation of time between these activities. This paper estimates the returns to education in farm and off-farm work, and consequently the role of education in determining the allocation of labor. The results from this study show that off-farm work has a much higher return to education than does farm work and suggest that this divergence in returns affects the allocation of labor in farm households between farm and off-farm work.
Is clamp and sew still viable for thoracic aortic resection

Objective The authors reviewed the morbidity and mortality of surgical resection of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta using the clamp-and-sew technique. Background Paraplegia remains a devastating complication after thoraoabdominal aortic resection, despite many strategies for spinal cord protection. Because of its simplicity, clamp and sew has been the preferred technique at the University of Virginia for thoracoabdominal aortic resection when proximal control is possible. Methods Between 1987 and 1994, the authors reviewed 91 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic resection using clamp-and-sew techniques without any additional adjuncts for spinal cord protection. Results The average age of patients was 60.8 years ; 57.1% were male. No intraoperative deaths occurred. In-hospital mortality was 13% (12/91), with an overall incidence of postoperative spinal cord injury manifested as paraparesis or paraplegia of 9.9% (9/91). Eighty-nine percent (81/91) of all repairs were completed with aortic clamp times of 40 minutes or less, and nearly six out of ten were completed in 30 minutes or less (53/91). Cross-clamp times were not significantly different between those patients who sustained neurologic injury and those who had no deficits Conclusions The authors conclude that clamp and sew is still a viable technique for thoracoabdominal aortic resection. Nearly all resections can be completed within 40 minutes of aortic occlusion. However, the safe duration of thoracic aortic occlusion remains unknown, and spinal cord injury can occur even with short clamp times. Reproducible, safe, and technically simple means of spinal cord protection must be developed.
Nii Quaynor: Bringing the Internet to Africa

The story of bringing the Internet to Africa is one of cooperation and collaboration for the common good. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/5LXvSs_zugk is a video interview in which author Charles Severance speaks with Nii Quaynor about how the story of bringing the Internet to Africa is one of cooperation and collaboration for the common good. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/lnq6gsjrnWA is an audio recording of author Charles Severance reading his Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Nii Quaynor about how the story of bringing the Internet to Africa is one of cooperation and collaboration for the common good.
Palladium and Platinum Nanocatalysts Protected by Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

Several palladium and platinum colloids stabilized by polystrene-b-poly(methacrylic acid) (PS-b-PMAA) and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) in a polar medium were prepared by in situ reductions from various precursors. Micelle formation of these diblock copolymers, as well as the particle sizes, morphologies, and size distributions of the metal nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activities of the colloidal metal nanoparticles were qualitatively determined by the hydrogenation of cyclohexane as a model reaction. The activities thus observed for these polymer-metal systems were found to depend significantly on precursor type and preparation conditions. These differences could be due to several factors, such as (i) partial embedding of the nanocatalysts within the hydrophobic micelle cores, (ii) influences of the side products of the reducing agent, or of the metal precursor counterions, or (iii) changes in the block copolymer micelle diameters or morphologies.
Stochastic circuit modelling with Hermite polynomial chaos

Hermite polynomial chaos is used to create models of electric circuit branches for the study of random changes of parameters. The proposed method allows for seamless integration with nodal analysis. An analogy of Fourier series and Hermite polynomial chaos expansion is introduced to explain the methodology. Compared with root-sum-square and Monte Carlo methods, the proposed method is shown to be fast and accurate.
Corrupción y regeneración: Víctor Andrés Belaunde y "La crisis presente"

Victor Andres Belaunde, one of the most relevant thinkers of Latin American Arielism, held that it was necessary to combine institutional design with a regeneration of values, as a solution to the political crisis that Peru was experiencing. Thus, the combination of institutional design and axiological or ethical vitalism created a holistic approach that introduced into the public debate a vision of integral development in which the fight against corruption and institutional problems could be addressed, in a complementary way, from an ethical perspective. This dimension served to strengthen the construction of an inclusive State, one of the political objectives of the Arielian generation.
A fluorometric method for determining oxytetracycline in treated colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Abstract A chemical method based on a fluorescent complex of oxytetracycline (OTC) was developed and used to analyze for the antibacterial agent in pollen patties, and larvae and adults of the honey bee, Apis mellifera . An average of 0.34 μg OTC per adult bee was recovered from hives fed pollen patties that contained 60 ppm OTC.
A comprehensive approach for skin recognition

In this paper, we proposed a new skin recognition method for human identification. We designed an automatic segmentation method to extract region of interest from a face image, the 1-D Log-Gabor wavelet-based approach for skin feature extraction, and two fusion methods to improve the recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high recognition accuracy and has better performance than traditional face recognition methods.
Brain Imaging for Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: Challenges, Successes and a Research Road Map

Valid diagnosis of Schizophrenia continues to be a difficult task. Diagnosis tools based on new developments in brain imaging are not yet a part of accepted Schizophrenia diagnosis criteria. This paper presents some of the challenges involved, some of the progress made, and an approach entitled Tract-Based Spacial Statistics (TBSS) which intends to avoid many of the issues of traditional voxel-based morphometry, region of interest, and tractography approaches to brain image analysis. A parallel machine architecture is also proposed to help meet the computational needs of Tract-Based Spacial Statistics.
The polynomial equation XR + QY = Φ: A characterization of solutions

We consider the solutions of the equation XR + QY + Φ. Here Q, R, Φ are given p x q, m x t and p x t polynomial matrices over a field k. X and Y are p x m and q x t polynomial matrices which are unknown. Using certain recent results on the realization of matrix fraction descriptions of transfer matrices, we give a characterization (parameterization) of all possible (X, Y) which solve this equation. This also provides a system theoretic interpretation for this equation.
Product liability in industrial markets

Abstract Major changes have been proposed in product liability law at the federal level. These changes are of strategic importance to marketing decision makers. A brief overview of the crisis in product liability is given along with proposed changes in the law. Strategic implications of passage and nonpassage of federal legislation are discussed.
Stomatogenesis in Kyaroikeus cetarius (Dysteriina, Kyaroikeidae, N. Fam.): Clues to Its Systematic Placement

Morphogenesis in Kyaroikeus cetarius, a large phyllopharyngean parasite of odontocete Cetacea, begins with the mid-ventral proliferation of four short rows of kinetosomes immediately to the left of four pre-existing, somatic kinetofragments. The resulting field of eight short kineties is located within a shallow depression that gradually elongates and deepens to form the oral cavity of the opisthe. The four right-most of these kineties sink into the developing oral cavity and divide transversely, producing three distinct sets of kinetofragments. The anterior and posterior sets each consist of four small fragments and ultimately produce the mid-ventral, somatic kinetofragments of the proter and the opisthe, respectively. In addition, some kinetosomes from the anterior set give rise to the secretory organelle complex of the proter. The central group consists of two long and one short kinetofragment, which represent anlagen for the opisthe circumoral and preoral kineties, respectively. These anlagen migrate progressively anteriad while undergoing a pronounced counterclockwise rotation that eventually inverts the developing oral kineties. Simultaneously, two broad sheets of micro-tubules, one beneath each circumoral anlage, extend deep into the cytoplasm and unite to line the cytopharynx of the opisthe. Meanwhile, the remainder of the eight original kinetofragments move laterally out of the ventral depression to produce the left ciliary field of the opisthe. Morphogenetic events observed in K. cetarius are typical of cyrtophorid Phyllopharyngia and support inclusion of this genus within suborder Dysteriina.
Dynamic control of flow and pressure in the circulation.

A simple method for the description and examination of the overall control properties of the circulatory system is derived and discussed. The low frequency input impedance (frequency region between 0.0005 Hz and heart rate) is shown to be a very useful magnitude to examine the closed loop behaviour of the system. It is found that the basic control mechanisms in local arterial beds as well as in the whole circulation can be described by pressure and flow control loops, both having first order transfer properties.
IUD services among primary care practices in New York City.

Abstract Objective Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the most effective forms of reversible contraception and can reduce unintended pregnancy rates. We explored practice characteristics associated with IUD services across a network of primary care practices in New York City during 2010–2013. Study Design Data were extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) for 253 primary care practices participating in an EHR quality improvement program in New York City. We used diagnostic and procedure codes to count IUD insertions and removals among females aged 10–49 years during 2010–2013. Logistic regression models predicted the likelihood of IUD insertion, removal or no activity for 2013, based on practice characteristics. We stratified trends in IUD services over time by practice type and specialty. Results From 2010 to 2013, the proportion of practices that inserted IUDs increased slightly from 4.7% to 6.3% (p=0.17), and the proportion removing IUDs increased from 8.3% to 12.3% (p 66% female patients had higher odds of performing both insertions and removals. Conclusions From 2010 to 2013, IUD services increased but remained low among primary care practices in this network. Provider training and system readiness programs should include independent primary care practices, which rarely provide IUDs, to ensure that women can receive IUDs or IUD service referrals in the primary care setting. Implications Much of primary care in the United States takes place in independent practices with one or two providers. Our study of a major urban area found that these types of practices are much less likely to offer IUD services than community health centers. Ensuring that small practices know where to refer women for IUD insertion and removal services is warranted to ensure women's access to IUDs.
Predictive value of umbilical cord blood bilirubin for postnatal hyperbilirubinaemia

Aim The study investigated the predictive value of umbilical cord serum (UCS) bilirubin for the postnatal course of bilirubinaemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. Methods Term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA; n=1100), small-for-gestational-age (SGA; n=163) and near-term infants (GA 34-36 wk; n=78) were included and separated according to their UCS bilirubin levels, starting from 40 (4) micromol/l. The newborns were followed for at least 5 postnatal days, and UCS bilirubin values were correlated with the development of hyperbilirubinaemia and phototherapy (PT) treatment. Results A clear relation between UCS bilirubin and the development of hyperbilirubinaemia was found in all three patient populations. None of the 75 AGA patients of group 1 developed postnatal bilirubin values above 300 micromol/l, whereas 0.3, 3.4 and 8.6% of the patients in groups 2-4, respectively, did so. The frequency of PT increased from 0% in group 1 up to 9.6% in group 4. For the prediction of further need of PT using a UCS bilirubin cut-off level of 30 micromol/l, we found a sensitivity of 90% and a negative predictive value of 99.1%, indicating that all patients with UCS bilirubin values below 30 micromol/l (443/1100 or 40.2%) were at a very low risk of developing dangerous hyperbilirubinaemia. Similar results were obtained in SGA children with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a negative predictive value of 98.6%. In comparison to term newborns, we generally found higher bilirubin values in preterms. A total of 6.4% of preterm children developed bilirubin values over 300 micromol/l, compared with 3% of term children, and 47.4% of preterms had to be treated with PT. Predicting the need of PT by using a UCS bilirubin cut-off level of 30 micromol/l revealed a sensitivity of 70.3% and a negative predictive value of 65.6%. Conclusion These data suggest that UCS bilirubin is useful in predicting the postnatal bilirubin values in term and near-term newborns. We presume that the use of UCS bilirubin values may help detect infants at low risk for postnatal hyperbilirubinaemia and minimize an unnecessary prolongation of hospitalization.
A theoretical study of the curves for Ta + CO interaction

Potential energy curves for the low-lying electronic states of the TaCO complex have been studied using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method followed by multireference configuration interaction calculations. The nature of chemical bond formation in the different states is discussed. We find two nearly degenerate electronic statesfor TaCO although at the highest level of theory, the 4Δ state prevails.
White-Beam Transmission Characterization of Texture in Mo Thin Films and Mo/W Multilayers

Synchrotron white-beam (polychromatic) x-ray radiation was used in a transmission Laue study of texture in monolithic Mo films and Mo/W multilayers. High intensity synchrotron radiation permits x-ray diffraction study of Mo specimens >100μm in thickness, while 6μm is the practical thickness limit for a transmission study using a rotating anode x-ray source. The transmission Laue technique permits the collection of preferred orientation data from several families of diffracting planes on one photographic exposure. Polychromatic x-rays facilitate collection of diffraction information from a range of planar orientations without altering the orientation of the sample with respect to the incident x-ray beam. The texture information from a 35μm thick monolithic Mo film and a 31μm thick multilayer of Mo and W is presented. Two-fold symmetry seen in the {211} plane diffraction ring of the multilayer demonstrated both an in-plane and out-of-plane texture with a growth direction. Three fold symmetry seen in the {310} and {222} plane diffraction rings of the monolithic Mo film demonstrated both in-plane and out-of-plane texture which suggests a growth direction.
Effect of age on the expressed B cell repertoire: role of B cell subsets

Aged humans and experimental animals are impaired in their responses to most foreign antigens although they produce greater amounts of autoantibodies. We have examined the effect of age on the production of antibodies to a prototypic foreign antigen, sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), and to a prototypic autoantigen, bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC), in young and old mice before and after immunization with SRBC. Old mice express more anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) antibodies before and an even greater number after immunization with SRBC than young mice. Conversely, old mice produce far fewer anti-SRBC PFC than young mice following immunization with SRBC. We hypothesized that the differences in the responses of old mice to BrMRBC and SRBC reflects differences in the activity of CD5+ and CD5- B cells. To test this hypothesis we immunized young and old mice with foreign antigens reported (and confirmed in our studies) to stimulate CD5+ B cells [TNP-ficoll and phosphorylcholine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)] or CD5- B cells (SRBC and TNP-KLH). We found that the PFC response of old mice to antigens mediated by CD5+ B cells was equal to or greater than that of young mice. In contrast the PFC response of old mice induced by antigens mediated by CD5- B cells was only 10% that of young mice. Thus it appears that the immune response of old mice is well maintained for antigens which elicit a CD5+ B cell response but not for those which elicit a CD5- B cell response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adherence to the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

BACKGROUND Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered and treated in outpatients. A set of guidelines published in 1999 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole as first-line therapy. METHODS We undertook a study of cross-sectional data describing the use of ambulatory medical services in the United States by women > or = 18 years of age who had uncomplicated UTI. Data from 1996 to 2001 were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to (1) examine the prescribing practices for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI and (2) determine whether these practices were influenced by the recommendation in the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The major outcomes measurement was to evaluate whether antibacterial selection was influenced by the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. Data were analyzed by year, treatment in private offices vs. hospital clinics, race, geographic location, the specialty of the prescribing health care provider, and the payment method of the patient. RESULTS We identified 2339 cases of uncomplicated UTI. Trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Despite the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, the use of trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole did not change significantly (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.30; P = .53), whereas the use of ciprofloxacin increased significantly (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.75; P < or = .016). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for age, geographic region, race, physician specialty, payment method, and whether the visit was by a new or returning patient. CONCLUSIONS Despite the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendation of trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole as first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTI, physicians in the United States have not altered their prescribing practices. Adjustment for age, geographic region, race, physician specialty, and payment method confirmed a lack of adherence to this recommendation.
Using JCEL Case Studies to Meet ELCC Standards

The purpose of this article is to discuss the value of Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership ( JCEL) in teaching the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) standards. In this article, the authors discuss the process of how a department of educational leadership developed an appreciation for the journal by aligning JCEL cases to NCATE standards for the purpose of the instruction of educational leadership. Next, a faculty member shares her experience with employing case studies in her teaching, and finally, the table (including cases through 2009) that is distributed to faculty members of the department is included.
Study Strategy Portfolio: A Project to Enhance Study Skills and Time Management.

A study strategy portfolio assignment was used in two sections of Educational Psychology to help students develop better study skills, increase metacognitive awareness, and use self-reflection to a...
Cyclic AMP and synaptic activity-dependent phosphorylation of AMPA- preferring glutamate receptors

Several studies have suggested that the function of glutamate receptor channels can be regulated by protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, a basal level of phosphorylation may be necessary to maintain receptor function. Little is known, however, about the phosphorylation state of glutamate receptor channels in neurons and how it is regulated by synaptic activity. In this study, we have investigated the phosphorylation of the AMPA-preferring glutamate receptor subunit GluR1 in cortical neurons in primary culture. These neurons elaborate extensive processes, form functional synapses, and exhibit spontaneous 4–8 sec bursts of synaptic activity every 15–20 sec. In cultures in which this synaptic activity was suppressed by tetrodotoxin and MK-801, the GluR1 protein was phosphorylated on serine residues within a single tryptic phosphopeptide, as determined by phosphoamino acid analysis and phosphopeptide mapping. This same peptide was basally phosphorylated in recombinant GluR1 receptors transiently expressed in human embryonal kidney 293 cells. Treatment of these synaptically inactive cortical neurons with the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin resulted in a robust increase in phosphorylation on serine residues on a phosphopeptide distinct from the basally phosphorylated peptide. Again, this same phosphopeptide was observed in recombinant GluR1 receptors isolated from 293 cells coexpressing the catalytic subunit of cAMP- dependent protein kinase. Spontaneous synaptic activity in cultures of cortical neurons resulted in a consistent, rapid (within 10–30 sec) increase in phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues. Interestingly, these phosphopeptides were also phosphorylated when neurons from inactive cultures were stimulated with phorbol esters, which activate protein kinase C. These results indicate that AMPA receptors containing the GluR1 subunit may be regulated by extracellular signals working through the cAMP second messenger system as well as by synaptic activity, possibly acting through protein kinase C. Such regulation by protein phosphorylation may be involved in short- term changes in synaptic efficacy thought to involve the functional modulation of AMPA receptors.
Measurement of Total Calcium in Serum by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, with Use of a Strontium Internal Reference

A method for total calcium in serum was optimized, a dual double-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer being used, with strontium as an internal reference. The effect of HCl and lanthanum concentrations on the signals of both calcium and strontium was determined. The final analysis was unaffected by known sources of interference in serum at a 50-fold dilution of serum in 50 mmolar HCl containing 10 mmol LaCl3 and 0.12 mmol of SrCl2 per liter. Within-run precision for 30 replicate analyses performed during 30 min gave a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.36% for the internal strontium reference mode vs. 0.72% RSD for the single-channel mode. Nine consecutive multiconcentration control pools were measured repeatedly for two years; the median RSD was 2.3%. With meticulous technique, long-term variability for total calcium in serum approached 1%. Accuracy is believed to be limited only by the precision, since systematic bias was not detected from recovery studies and comparisons with results of ashing procedures or oxalate precipitation techniques.
Power management and its impact on power supply noise

As device sizes continue to shrink and circuit complexity continues to grow, power has become the limiting factor in today’s processor designs. This paper describes a hierarchical scalable power supply noise analysis methodology to simulate the switching events that arise from the ubiquitous use of clock gating, power gating, frequency scaling, and other power management techniques. By accurately extracting and modeling the electrical characteristics of both the package and chip design, our multi-core multi-voltage-domain transient noise analysis ensures the power and signal integrity of our design under different workloads and operating frequencies. A series of case studies will be presented to illustrate the effect of power management operations on transient noise and the design of a power management control unit to contain voltage droop.
Hindu temples in Hyderabad: state patronage and politics in South Asia

This article argues that Hindu temples in Hyderabad, a city in a territory ruled by Muslims from the fourteenth century until the 1948 incorporation of the princely state of Hyderabad into independent India, were resources in a multi-religious landscape, institutions that reflected the political power of their patrons and often performed functions for the state. Temples were built and managed as part of the Indo-Muslim or Mughlai urban court economy in Hyderabad, and temple patronage reflected the shifting patterns of prominence as one high-ranking Hindu noble or official replaced another and secured state support for major temples. Rather than defending Hyderabad state's policies and practices with respect to Hindu institutions and events, this article shows the development and implementation of an Indo-Muslim ruling tradition as Muslim rulers interacted with non-Muslims to become part of a distinctively South Asian tradition of secularism or pluralism. Rather than syncretism or synthesis, I emphasize ‘t...
My Body is a Testimony: Appearance, Health, and Sin in an Evangelical Weight-loss Program:

Christian weight loss programs in the United States are significant sites of evangelical negotiation between cultural distinction and cultural participation. First Place, a Christian weight loss program sponsored in churches across the country, both appropriates dominant American concerns about health and fears of obesity, and reinscribes them in a cultural context that gives religious meaning to this seemingly worldly pursuit. The author, basing herself on qualitative research, examines three critical areas in which First Place distinguishes itself from its secular counterparts and renders weight loss a spiritually significant task: motivation for weight loss, the problem of physical appearance, and the question of sin. The author argues that First Place is an example of both evangelical submission to and cultivation of cultural capital and symbolic power.
Culture in Risk, Regret, Maximization, Social Trust, and Life Satisfaction

Cultural literacy is analogous to financial literacy and is almost as important. Cultural literacy matters to advisors as they design fitting financial plans because clients carry within them the cultures of their countries of origin long after they have settled in their countries of residence. Culture is associated with risk tolerance, propensities for regret, maximization, social trust, life satisfaction, income, family and public safety nets, and more. Surveys of 4,690 people in twenty-three countries show that risk tolerance is high in countries where income per capita is low, perhaps because aspirations for higher income are more prevalent in countries where income is low. And risk tolerance is high in countries where social trust is high. Propensity for regret is high in individualistic countries, where people cannot rely on family and friends to mitigate regret by diffusing responsibility for choices and in countries where intellectual autonomy is high, increasing personal responsibility for choices.
At the Bench: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) highlight novel aspects of innate immune system involvement in autoimmune diseases

The putative role of neutrophils in host defense against pathogens is a well-recognized aspect of neutrophil function. The discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps has expanded the known range of neutrophil defense mechanisms and catalyzed a discipline of research focused upon ways in which neutrophils can shape the immunologic landscape of certain autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. Enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and impaired neutrophil extracellular trap clearance may contribute to immunogenicity in systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases by promoting the externalization of modified autoantigens, inducing synthesis of type I IFNs, stimulating the inflammasome, and activating both the classic and alternative pathways of the complement system. Vasculopathy is a central feature of many autoimmune diseases, and neutrophil extracellular traps may contribute directly to endothelial cell dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque burden, and thrombosis. The elucidation of the subcellular events of neutrophil extracellular trap formation may generate novel, therapeutic strategies that target the innate immune system in autoimmune and vascular diseases.
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: Treatment

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a ­relatively common genetic disorder, is associated with inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Hence, tumors of many organ systems are seen in patients with TSC, and with subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) seen in 5–20%. SEGAs are low-grade mixed glial/neuronal intracranial tumors arising from the subependymal lining of the ventricles. The primary complication from SEGAs is obstructive hydrocephalus, with sequelae including headache, vision impairment, ­diplopia, and brainstem herniation. Because of their progressive course, and potentially fatal complications, SEGAs usually require treatment. Standard of care has been surgical resection, with low rates of regrowth; making surgical resection a successful and permanent therapeutic strategy. In addition to surgical resection of SEGAs there are now other treatment options including pharmacotherapy and radiotherapy. In case series, sirolimus and everolimus, inhibitors of the mammalian ­target of rapamycin (mTOR), suppressed the growth, and in some cases shrank the size of SEGAs.
Abstract 39: A mathematical model for the dependence on tumor size of the rate of metastasis formation

That the dependence of the rate of formation of new metastases on the existing tumor volume is weak has been demonstrated from data on the distribution of sizes of metastasic lesions, as well as data on the fraction of tumors that are metastatic as a function of tumor size at diagnosis. A mathematical model for the rate of metastasis formation as a function of tumor size was developed to explain this finding and is presented here. The model includes several stromal cell populations, in particular macrophages and fibroblasts, in addition to tumor cells, which are divided into epithelial- and mesenchymal-like populations. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions are accounted for, as well as key growth factors that mediate tumor-stroma crosstalk and recruitment of stromal cells to the tumor mass. A key feature of the model is cooperativity in the steps involved in the establishment of metastases. Experimental findings of tumor cell-macrophage cooperativity in chemotaxis-driven migration towards microvessels, and EMT/non-EMT cooperativity in tumor cell escape, extravasation and intravasation are incorporated into the model. By involving the product of two or more rates, each of which depend on tumor volume raised to a power less than one, these cooperative processes result in a dependence of the metastatic rate on tumor size that is less than the 2/3 power expected if the rate were merely surface-area dependent. In addition to providing a framework for understanding experimental findings on the kinetics of metastasis, the model should prove useful for investigating the interplay between cell kill rates due to treatment and tumor regrowth kinetics in the most common case where the treated tumor consists of a distribution of metastatic lesions rather than a single mass. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 39. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-39
Ultrasound Contrast Agents

The introduction of ultrasound contrast agents will bring new applications of this diagnostic imaging technology into clinical practice. Vascular, organ-specific, and oral agents are now in clinical trials and will soon be available. The development and properties of ultrasound contrast agents, most of which are based on gas-filled microbubbles, are reviewed. The first group of agents designed to overcome the limitations of free gas bubbles were of more uniform size but were either too large to cross the pulmonary capillary bed or lasted for only a short time in the circulation. The next group was able to produce enhancement over a period of minutes, but did not enhance the parenchyma of organs. The most recently developed intravenous agents exhibit parenchymal enhancement or are tissue-specific during B-mode imaging. Oral contrast agents may be used to reduce the artifacts created by gas in the gastrointestinal tract and to more clearly image the upper abdomen. Specific agents within each of the groups a...
A survey measuring the degree of model compliance plan for clinical laboratories implementation in small/rural hospital laboratories.

The Office of the Inspector General published the Model Compliance Plan for Clinical Laboratories (MCPL) in February 1997. In March and April 1998, a survey of 200 Midwest hospital laboratory managers (hospital size or = 75% of the laboratory managers have implemented the items within their power.
Lord Esher: Empire Theater

No one in either the Victorian or Edwardian eras had a wider reputation as an expert on ceremony than Reginald Baliol Brett, second Viscount Esher.1 He sat on the committee that planned Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee in 1897. When she died in 1901, he played a major role in arranging her funeral. In 1902, he was again prominent on the committee that planned the new king’s coronation. When Esher himself died in 1930, The Times concluded that he was the principal genius behind these three turn of the century spectaculars.2 He has been regarded as a significant figure in the history of the British monarchy ever since.
Cellular differentiation: potential insight into butyrate paradox?

We recently demonstrated that cellular responses to butyrate depend on the differentiation status of the colonic epithelium. Here, we apply the implications of these findings to cancer biology and discuss discrepancies in the effects of butyrate on cancer progression.
Special Education Disproportionality: A Review of Response to Intervention and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.

Special education disproportionality for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students persists as a controversial and intractable problem in our educational systems. Response to intervention (RtI) and culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP), both independently and collectively are considered to offer promise for mitigating conditions of overrepresentation in special education programs. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing research to examine the effects of RtI on minority students and the combined effects of RtI and CRP on minority students. The reviews of these works are discussed to assess whether the Morgan et al. (2015) recommendation for the U.S. Department of Education to recall its efforts to reduce minority disproportionality is justified.
Understanding healthcare providers' professional identification: The role of interprofessional communication in the vocational socialization of physicians

Abstract As physicians' roles continue to change in the US, scholars have called for more research in interprofessional communication–communication between physicians and other healthcare providers to help interprofessional healthcare teams work together to examine, design, and deliver quality medical care to patients. Here, we examine the role of interprofessional communication in fostering professional identification among physicians. Survey results from physicians showed the unique role that mutual support plays in strengthening healthcare providers' professional identities. This study contributes to the current communicative-based identification literature by looking beyond formal socialization practices to show how day-to-day interprofessional interactions influence physicians' identity. In addition to expanding theory, this research also adds to practice by demonstrating the need to train physicians not only on when and how to consult other physicians and medical teams, but also to trust, depend on, and work in concert with other specialties.
Evaluation of sampling-based pedestrian detection for crowd counting

With increases in computing power, the once computationally expensive sampling-based methods have been successfully applied to solve many hard vision problems of combinatorial nature, such as image segmentation, video tracking, and object detection. In this paper, we perform pedestrian detection using the reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) sampling method. A crowd scene is viewed as a realization of a Marked Point Process (MPP) that consists of a random set of people in a bounded region. Each person is associated with a random ‘mark’ that governs their location and size in the image. To automatically infer the number of people in the scene and their spatial locations, RJMCMC is used to sample person hypotheses from an underlying stochastic process and evaluate them against the image observation to find the optimal configuration that best explains the image. We further extend the detector to hypothesize people not in the image plane but in 3D space, by incorporating multi-view information. The detection performance of both the single- and multi-view versions are evaluated on the crowd counting task in the PETS 2009 dataset.