cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of left atrial and posterior mediastinal anatomy by multidetector helical computed tomography imaging: relevance to ablation

Increasing use of catheter ablation in the left atrium (LA) requires understanding of substrate anatomy, especially with regard to potential damage to adjacent structures. We reviewed multidetector helical computed tomography (MDCT) imaging on 42 subjects, 26 imaged before planned LA ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), and 16 without AF. LA volume and dimensions were larger in patients with AF (p < 0.05) and the spine and aorta (Ao) impressed the LA more frequently in the AF group. The esophagus (Eo) was the predominant feature on the posterior LA wall, contacting it in all patients. The Ao was in contact with the LA body or the left inferior pulmonary vein (PV) in 32 (76%) of 42 cases, and in 10 it ran along an indentation on the posterior aspect of the LA. The coronary sinus was adjacent to LA ablation sites, the azygos vein was rarely adjacent to those sites, and the left bronchus abutted the PV ostium but not the LA. Two patients had findings that directly impacted the ablation procedure: one patient had a dilated fluid filled Eo with esophageal stricture and underwent nasogastric decompression before ablation, and one was discovered to have an anomalous PV and underwent surgical repair. MDCT imaging identifies structures adjacent to the LA, which could be affected by ablation. Posterior LA topography can be influenced by the position of the Ao or by the proximity of the spine. Preprocedural imaging can characterize anatomic structures that could be vulnerable during ablation, and detect unusual pathology that can affect the treatment plan.
A new definition of atomic charges in molecules

A new definition of atomic charges in molecules is presented which conserves charge and dipole moment. It contains the Mulliken and Lowdin definitions as special cases of zero and first order truncations of commutator expansions. The definition allows for a systematic improvement of charges paralleling the improvement of the basis set in the LCAO approximation. We have tested the definition in thirteen selected diatomics and polyatomics in optimal minimal Slater basis set SCF calculations by means of 4G-level Gaussian expansions. The results suggest that the proposed definition is better than either Mulliken's or Lowdin's definition.
Nonisothermal chemical kinetics.

IN a recent article1, MacCallum and Tanner suggest that the traditional homogeneous reaction rate expression is applicable only to isothermal processes, and that an additional term should be added when the temperature varies over the course of the reaction. This suggestion has several disturbing features. It implies, contrary to logic, that the instantaneous reaction rate depends not only on the present state of the system (the frequency of collisions and relative energies and orientations of all of the system molecules) but also—through dT/dt—on previous and future states. The proposed correction is impossible to calculate, because in a real system temperature cannot be varied holding time constant, and therefore the factor (∂C/∂T)t is devoid of physical meaning; moreover, even for the hypothetical case of a step-function change in temperature, the instantaneous change in concentration must be 0, which eliminates the correction. A particularly far-reaching implication of the suggestion is that essentially all of the nonisothermal reactor modelling and analysis that has taken place over the past 80 years has been fundamentally unsound, by virtue of having been based on equation (1).
Computational modeling and experimental based parametric study of multi-track laser processing on alumina

Abstract In this work, both heat transfer modeling (COMSOL Multiphysics ® ) and experimental investigations were used to obtain the threshold multiple laser scanning processing parameters (laser power, scanning speed, fill space) for achieving more multi-faceted grains on the alumina's surface. An ytterbium doped Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used to perform the experiments for the designed processing conditions such as 32–127×10 6 J/m 2 laser energy densities with fill space values of 3–6×10 −4 m. The SEM, EDX and wear results were used to quantify the effect of multiple laser processing variables on the change of microstructures (coarse grains, dendrite, multi-faceted grains) for obtaining the best processing conditions. By controlling the laser energy density with fill space, more multi-faceted grains and high wear resistance were achieved as the essential features for improving the abrasive quality.
The interaction of morphine and meperidine with the analgesic, convulsant, and lethal properties of lidocaine in mice.

Abstract Because of increased intravenous use of lidocaine in medicine, a study was undertaken to evaluate the interaction of the commonly used narcotics, morphine and meperidine, with the analgesic, convulsant, and lethal properties of lidocaine in male Swiss-Webster mice. An analgesic response (Eddy hot plate test) was defined as a reaction time that was at least twice the control time. Equipotent doses of morphine and meperidine were determined by measuring the analgesic response 30 min after ip administration. The dose that produced analgesia in 25% of the mice (AD25) for morphine was 3.9 mg/kg and for meperidine was 24 mg/kg. Thereafter the mice were evaluated with three drug combinations: lidocaine and saline, lidocaine p;us the AD25 of morphine, and lidocaine plus the AD25 of meperidine. The morphine-lidocaine and meperidine-lidocaine combinations were equally effective in increasing the analgesic properties of lidocaine. However, only the meperidine-lidocaine drug combination significantly decreased the median convulsive dose (CD50) and the median lethal dose (LD50) of lidocaine alone. By comparing the ratios of the CD50/AD50 and the LD50/AD50 for the morphine-lidocaine and meperidine-lidocaine drug combinations, it can be concluded that the meperidine-lidocaine interaction, because of its increased toxicity, is a less favourable combination.
We've got to stop meeting like this.

Abstract Meetings are an integral aspect of hea/thcare manage-ment. Too often, however, they are run inefficiently and with the wrong emphases, thus diminishing their inherent value. The words of wisdom from this veteran of innumer-able meetings should provide readers with some pointers on how to get their meetings back on track.
Standing stock measurements of crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta) and other saxicolous organisms

Abstract A photographimetric technique is described for ‘sampling’ the standing stocks of encrusting organisms, and has been used to estimate cover, relative density, and frequency of reef-building organisms on a Hawaiian fringing reef. The photographimetric data are compared with those obtained by a line-transect method. As applied during this study, the photographimetric technique required less time and produced more reliable results than the line-transect method.
The onset of natural convection and its enhancement of heat transfer in stratified gas-liquid flow

Abstract The results of heat-transfer experiments and flow visualization studies are presented, showing the onset of natural convection in the liquid layer of a horizontal stratified gas-liquid flow heated from below by means of a step change in the wall heat flux. The Nusselt numbers, Nu, for combined free and forced convection are shown to be functions of the Rayleigh number, Raq, and the dimensionless axial distance, ξ. The data on the enhancement of heat transfer over that for the undisturbed flow (a Graetz problem) are well correlated by the dimensionless parameter o = (Ra q /Nu) 1 4 /Nu Gz . The onset of natural convection occurs at o = 2.+8 for the narrow range of Prandtl numbers studied (5
Industrial model predictive control technology as applied to continuous polymerization processes

Abstract This paper will review the progress to date concerning the application of the new Model Predictive Control (MPC) tools to a prototype continuous polymerization (CP) process. It will discuss in general why the MPC technology maybe a good fit for the CP control problems (minimize settling time after transition, multivariable interactions, unusual process dynamics). It will also discuss our experience with these tools.
The Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry

Received November 11, 2005; revised March 28, 2006; accepted May 8, 2006. Dr. Sierles is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. Address correspondence to Dr. Sierles, 3333 Green Bay Road, Chicago, Illinois 60064; frederick. sierles@rosalindfranklin.edu (e-mail). Copyright 2007 Academic Psychiatry The Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry is a 32-year-old, 163-member organization of psychiatric educators dedicated to medical student education in psychiatry and behavioral sciences. Most members have been directors or assistant directors of medical student education in psychiatry or clerkship directors. A small, pivotal number of members and meeting attendees represent other major psychiatric educational organizations.
Role of geometric distortion in the quenching behaviors of all-trans 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene triplet

Abstract The quenching behaviors of all- trans 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene triplet towards azulene, ferrocene, perylene, oxygen and di- tert -butylnitroxide were examined in the context of those of several aromatic triplets with comparable spectroscopic triplet energies. The results are explained in terms of distortion of the diene triplet from its planar geometry.
An electronically-controlled visual stimulus generator for quantitative mapping of visual receptive fields

Abstract This report describes an inexpensive, yet highly versatile visual stimulus generator for use in mapping receptive fields of visual cells in the nervous system. Electronic circuitry generates light spots, dark spots, annuli. and bars on a cathode ray tube monitor. Image position, intensity, duration, and movement are controllable.
Meal Duration as a Measure of Orofacial Nociceptive Responses in Rodents

A lengthening in meal duration can be used to measure an increase in orofacial mechanical hyperalgesia having similarities to the guarding behavior of humans with orofacial pain. To measure meal duration unrestrained rats are continuously kept in sound attenuated, computerized feeding modules for days to weeks to record feeding behavior. These sound-attenuated chambers are equipped with chow pellet dispensers. The dispenser has a pellet trough with a photobeam placed at the bottom of the trough and when a rodent removes a pellet from the feeder trough this beam is no longer blocked, signaling the computer to drop another pellet. The computer records the date and time when the pellets were taken from the trough and from this data the experimenter can calculate the meal parameters. When calculating meal parameters a meal was defined based on previous work and was set at 10 min (in other words when the animal does not eat for 10 min that would be the end of the animal's meal) also the minimum meal size was set at 3 pellets. The meal duration, meal number, food intake, meal size and inter-meal interval can then be calculated by the software for any time period that the operator desires. Of the feeding parameters that can be calculated meal duration has been shown to be a continuous noninvasive biological marker of orofacial nociception in male rats and mice and female rats. Meal duration measurements are quantitative, require no training or animal manipulation, require cortical participation, and do not compete with other experimentally induced behaviors. These factors distinguish this assay from other operant or reflex methods for recording orofacial nociception.
Nonlocal elasticity theory of polymeric liquid crystals.

We construct a nonlocal theory of elasticity for a nematic polymer composed of rigid or semiflexible molecules. We then introduce a mean-field theory for the calculation of wave-vector-dependent elastic moduli. Because the length of the molecules can be comparable to observable elastic distortions, the wave-vector dependence of the Frank moduli, i.e., their nonlocality, can be quite important. For rodlike molecules we obtain analytic results valid for arbitrary wave vector and strong nematic ordering. For flexible chains we are unable to obtain analytic results for the nonlocal elastic constants except in the limit of chains whose lengths are short compared to their global persistence length. However, our formalism is readily amenable to numerical techniques which should allow future consideration of the interplay of nonlocality and flexibility.
Correlation of gas chromatographic profiles and organoleptic scores of different fats and oils after simulated deep fat frying

Five oils and a fat were subjected to simulated deep fat frying using moist cotton balls. The used oils were evaluated by an expert organoleptic panel. Statistically significant differences were found in the odors and flavors of the used oils. Volatile decomposition products of the used oils were quantitatively isolated by high vacuum cryogenic entrainment and then analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The volatiles from each used oil yielded a gas chromatogram which was qualitatively and quantitatively different from the others. A statistical analysis was used to correlate the organoleptic scores with the profile gas chromatograms from the used oils. Excellent correlations between gas chromatographic peak areas and organoleptic scores were established. However, limitations in the number of samples tested and limitations in the statistical design do not permit drawing conclusions of cause and effect.
An Action Spectrum for the Fire Ant ( Solenopsis saevissima )

EVALUATION of the visual system of ants is important for a comparative analysis of photoreceptor processes in animals. The honeybees have been the subject of numerous visual studies, but ants have been virtually ignored. We have begun an extensive investigation into the spectral responses, eye structure, and visual pigments of ants, and here report our results on the action spectrum.
Deconstruction of TR/RT: does TR/RT contribute to the negative construction of disability? Part I

The purpose of this paper is to deconstruct the medical model approach to therapeutic recreation/recreation therapy (TR/RT) in the USA using a disability studies approach. The paper begins by identifying the trend in TR/RT towards defining itself more narrowly, more closely with the medical model, likely a result of increasing pressure from managed care in the USA. Next, the medical model is exposed as a contradiction to the expressed ethics of the professional TR/RT organization in the USA, especially the principle of “Do no harm.” Harm is then revealed at two levels: harm to the individual disabled person and harm through obstruction of progress the profession might have made, sans the medical model. The paper concludes by suggesting that a different approach to recreation with disabled persons in a global community is required; one more in touch with respecting differences and including the disabled population.
Causes, Consequences, and Kin Bias of Human Group Fissions

Fissions of human communities are monumental occasions with consequences for cultural and genetic variation and divergence through time by means of serial founder effects. An ethnographic review shows that most human group fissions are fueled primarily by internal political conflict and secondarily by resource scarcity. As found for other social animals, human fissions lead to subgroups that have higher levels of relatedness as compared with the original community because of kin-biased assortment known as the lineal effect. Fission processes that increase the average relatedness of subgroups are important because relatedness governs how strongly kin/group selection favors social behaviors such as warfare, peacekeeping, and other forms of collection action. However, random individual assortment is not an appropriate null model for evaluating lineage assortment because nuclear families and extended households are expected to remain together, which in and of itself forces higher relatedness in smaller subgroups. We develop a lineage assortment index where low values represent subgroups with coefficients of relatedness near those expected if nuclear and extended households had chosen to associate into random groupings. Two fissions of Ache villages (Paraguay) are examples of this type of fission with a low lineage assortment index not significantly different from zero as evaluated with controlled simulations. On the other extreme, a lineage assortment index near unity represents a lineal fission that maximizes the relatedness of subgroups such as the perfect split of a lineage into sublineages. A fission of Piaroa (Venezuela) fits this scenario. While previous discussions of fission have emphasized similarities among human studies and even other social mammals, we highlight the full range of potential kin bias in the formation of new communities.
High-Accuracy Model Matching For Scenes Containing Man-Made Structures

A feature-based scene-matching technique is described that was developed for autonomous airborne guidance systems. Reference and sensed models of scenes containing man-made structures are matched using line and vertex features derived from the scenes. Feature weighting, based on model feature content and matchpoint location, is used in performing transformations between the reference and sensed models that lead to high-accuracy matchpoint location in the sensed scene.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Composition and Strain of Coherent Si 1-x Ge x Islands on Si

In this paper, the study of alloy composition on SiGe island growth by MBE under similar conditions has shown that the Ge migrates towards the center of the large islands to maintain epitaxial growth and that the most uniform structures are obtained at higher Ge composition when the built-in strain is also higher
Multimeric complex formation by the thyrotropin receptor in solubilized thyroid membranes.

The TSH receptor (TSHR) has a large glycosylated ectodomain comprising the amino-terminal half of the molecule (394 of 743 residues) implicated in TSH binding, as well as autoantibody recognition in Graves' disease. In this study we employed antibodies specific for the amino-terminus (Ab1), midportion (Ab2), and carboxyl-terminus (Ab3) of the TSHR-ectodomain, previously mapped using recombinant receptor proteins, to detect the natural receptor present in detergent-solubilized porcine thyroid cell membranes via immunoblotting. Several forms of the receptor were detected. In reduced samples Ab1 detected full-length holoreceptors present in both nonglycosylated and glycoslylated forms of apparent molecular masses 80 and 90 kDa, respectively, as well as apparent dimeric nonglycosylated and dimeric glycosylated holoreceptor forms resistant to reduction. Also detected by Ab1 were a glycosylated amino-terminal 47- to 52-kDa fragment of the holoreceptor (gly alpha-subunit), reduced to 42 kDa (alpha-subunit) by En...
Targeted short-term fluconazole prophylaxis among very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVES. To assess whether targeted short-term fluconazole prophylaxis reduces late-onset (>3 days of age) invasive fungal infection (IFI) among very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to assess mortality rates, toxicity, and costs associated with this intervention. METHODS. An observational study of 2 subsequent epochs of inborn infants with birth weight of 3 days. RESULTS. IFI was observed for 13 (6.3%) of 206 infants in the control epoch and 2 (1.1%) of 178 in the fluconazole epoch, with a common odds ratio of 0.166. Logistic regression analysis taking into account all published factors (except for fungal colonization) showed that the fluconazole epoch was associated significantly with lower IFI rates. We observed no change in late (>3 days) mortality rates (11 of 206 infants in the control epoch vs 8 of 178 infants in the prophylaxis epoch). The mortality rate for ELBW infants with IFI was low (15%) in our study. Fluconazole was administered to 81% of ELBW infants, who received a median of 8 doses, and 41% of larger infants, who received a median of 5 doses. The intervention was cost-effective, and the effective number needed to treat to prevent 1 IFI was 10. CONCLUSIONS. This study suggests that targeted short-course fluconazole prophylaxis in very low birth weight and ELBW infants may be efficacious and cost effective.
Self-speech-induced facilitation of simple reaching movements in persons with stroke.

OBJECTIVE. Occupational therapists are routinely involved in upper-extremity rehabilitation in persons with stroke. Recently we have reported that self-speech can be used to facilitate simple reach in young and older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine whether self-speech-induced facilitation of simple reach can be translated in persons with stroke. METHOD. Following a counterbalanced repeated-measure design, seven persons with right brain stroke performed reaching and placing a glass on a cabinet shelf under four concurrent speech conditions of vocalizing the word "yeah" with both hemiplegic and nonhemiplegic sides. These four conditions are self-vocalization, external vocalization, imaginary vocalization, and no vocalization. Consistent with our previous study, in this study we also recorded the movement kinematics of angular movement of the upper arm. RESULTS. Reaching velocity was significantly higher under self-vocalization conditions compared to the reaching velocity under no vocalization or other vocalization conditions (p<.05). Motor performance in terms of velocity, nonhemiparetic side was significantly better than hemiparetic side (p <.05). CONCLUSION. The results suggest that self-speech can be used in facilitating movements in patients with stroke. When working with patients with right hemispheric stroke, therapists might explore possibilities of using patient's self-speech to enhance the quality of movement performance.
Blind restoration algorithm of an image blurred by uniform liner motion

on the basis of analysis for degradation model of image due to uniform Liner motion, this paper deduces restorationmodel of image blurred by uniform Liner motion, and constitutes a kind of cost function of restoration By analyzing therule of cost function, the paper proposes an algorithm estimating motion parameter The results show that the algorithmis very efficient to the restoration of image bluned by uniform Liner motion when velocity on uniform Liner motion isn'tvery large.Key words: Blind Restoration, Blurred, Motion image, Uniform liner Motion
PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH FEAR

The extent to which personality characteristics are associated with fear was investigated. The amount of fear and the attributional style of 91 college students (74 women, 17 men) were measured using the Fear Questionnaire, the Fear Survey Schedule, and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. Analysis indicated that fear was significantly correlated with the responsibility for bad outcomes and with the tendency to generalize all outcomes to many situations. Findings are consistent with the view that significantly different attributional profiles emerge as fearfulness increases.
Expression of callose synthase genes and its connection with Npr1 signaling pathway during pathogen infection

Callose synthesis occurs at specific stages of plant cell wall development in all cell types, and in response to pathogen attack, wounding and physiological stresses. We determined the expression pattern of “upstream regulatory sequence” of 12 Arabidopsis callose synthase genes (CalS1–12) genes and demonstrated that different callose synthases are expressed specifically in different tissues during plant development. That multiple CalS genes are expressed in the same cell type suggests the possibility that CalS complex may be constituted by heteromeric subunits. Five CalS genes were induced by pathogen (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis, previously known as Peronospora parasitica, the causal agent of downy mildew) or salicylic acid (SA), while the other seven CalS genes were not affected by these treatments. Among the genes that are induced, CalS1 and CalS12 showed the highest responses. In Arabidopsis npr1 mutant, impaired in response of pathogenesis related (PR) genes to SA, the induction of CalS1 and CalS12 genes by the SA or pathogen treatments was significantly reduced. The patterns of expression of the other three CalS genes were not changed significantly in the npr1 mutant. These results suggest that the high induction observed of CalS1 and CalS12 is Npr1 dependent while the weak induction of five CalS genes is Npr1 independent. In a T-DNA knockout mutant of CalS12, callose encasement around the haustoria on the infected leaves was reduced and the mutant was found to be more resistant to downy mildew as compared to the wild type plants.
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective review evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profiles of various dose fractionations using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) in the treatment of brain metastases. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2007, 36 patients with 66 brain metastases were treated with HSRT. Nine of these subjects were excluded because of the absence of post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans, resulting in 27 patients with a total of 52 lesions. Of these 52 lesions, 45 lesions were treated with whole-brain radiotherapy plus a HSRT boost and 7 lesions were treated with HSRT as the primary treatment. The median prescribed dose was 25 grays (Gy) (range, 20 Gy-36 Gy) with a median of 5 fractions (range, 4 fractions-6 fractions) to a median 85% isodose line (range, 50%-100%). The median follow-up interval was 6.6 months (range, 0.9 months-26.8 months). RESULTS: The median overall survival time was 10.8 months, and 66.7% of patients died of disease progression. After HSRT treatment of 52 brain lesions, 13 lesions demonstrated complete responses, 12 lesions demonstrated partial responses, 22 lesions demonstrated stable disease, and 5 lesions demonstrated progressive disease. Actuarial local tumor control rates at 6 months and 1 year were 93.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Maximum tumor dimension, concurrent chemotherapy, and a tumor volume <1 cc were found to be statistically significant factors for local tumor control. One patient had a grade 3 toxicity (according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). CONCLUSIONS: HSRT provides a high level of tumor control with minimal toxicity comparable to single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The results of the current study warrant a prospective randomized study comparing single-fraction SRS with HSRT in this patient population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Preliminary ocular histopathological observations on heterozygous NEMO-deficient mice.

The majority of patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) have a mutation in the nuclear factor-kappa-β essential modulator (NEMO) gene, and mice with a targeted deletion of NEMO exhibit skin pathology remarkably similar to the human disease. This study characterizes the retinal vascular abnormalities of NEMO-deficient mice, and compares this phenotype to known features of human IP. Nineteen heterozygous NEMO-deficient female mice, ages ranging from post-natal day 8 (P-8) through 6.5 months of life, were studied. Eyes were sectioned and stained either whole or as retinal flat mounts after incubation for enzyme histochemical demonstration of ADPase, which labels the vasculature. With maturation, retinal arteriolar abnormalities became evident at 3 months of age. Global assessment of the retinal vasculature with ADPase staining showed increased vascular tortuosity. Microscopic examination of sections of ADPase-incubated retinas revealed arteriolar luminal narrowing due to endothelial cell hypertrophy and increased basement membrane deposition. Venous morphology was normal. This study characterized the histological retinal phenotype of heterozygous NEMO-deficient female mice. Most striking were retinal arteriolar abnormalities, including luminal narrowing, endothelial cell hypertrophy, and basement membrane thickening. Retinal flat mounts revealed arteriolar tortuosity without evidence of vaso-occlusion or neo-vascularization.
Proton Endor of maleimide spin labeled human hemoglobin

Abstract ENDOR spectra of the spin label N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) maleimide bound to lyophilized human oxyhemoglobin suggest a principal element of 3.7 MHz for the largest proton hyperfine tensor. The absence of orientation selection justifies the use of an isotropic broadening factor in the computer simulation of EPR and ST EPR spectra.
An Analysis of the Impact of Diverse Forms of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Emotional Adjustment in Early Adulthood

Recent research has documented the long-term mental health consequences of childhood psychological maltreatment; however, this research is limited in that it typically fails to recognize the qualitative differences of the various behaviors labeled as psychological maltreatment. This study examines the predictive ability of caregiver terrorizing, degradation, ignoring, and isolating during childhood on the self-reported occurrence of anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, and features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of 256 university students between the ages of 18 and 22. Witnessing violence and childhood physical abuse are included in the analyses. Simultaneous regression analyses reveal that different forms of maltreatment emerge as predictors of the variables of emotional adjustment. Terrorizing predicted anxiety and somatic concerns, ignoring predicted scores of depression and features of BPD, and degradation predicted BPD features only. Findings suggest psychological maltreatment is a multifaceted construct requiring further research to investigate the long-term impact of various subtypes.
Learning Local Error Bars for Nonlinear Regression

We present a new method for obtaining local error bars for nonlinear regression, i.e., estimates of the confidence in predicted values that depend on the input. We approach this problem by applying a maximum-likelihood framework to an assumed distribution of errors. We demonstrate our method first on computer-generated data with locally varying, normally distributed target noise. We then apply it to laser data from the Santa Fe Time Series Competition where the underlying system noise is known quantization error and the error bars give local estimates of model misspecification. In both cases, the method also provides a weighted regression effect that improves generalization performance.
Collagenous and other organizations in mature annelid cuticle and epidermis.

The mature annelid cuticle contains orthogonally oriented collagen in a matrix capped superficially by a dense epicuticle with external corpuscles. The underlying epidermis is a simple columnar epithelium with two major cell types, mucous-secreting cells which secrete through channels in the cuticle to the exterior of the worm, and “supportive” cells which presumably produce and increase the cuticle by secreting into it. The structures of supportive cells, previously interpreted as specialized for establishing interfibrillar collagen order, are revealed by glutaraldehyde fixation as common cellular components without the qualities deemed useful to align collagen. Cell processes which penetrate and sometimes pass completely through the cuticle are not stable, not in geometric order, and lack cilia-like structure. Cilia, unlike the ubiquitous cellular processes, are highly restricted to regions of the epidermis with specialized functions. Cellular control, or other control, of collagen fibrillogenesis remains unestablished.
Cooperativity between two selected RNA Pdases in the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles

We have made the surprising discovery that the crystallinity of nanoparticles formed from solutions containing RNA depends upon the presence of sequence mixtures. That is, a single sequence selected from the original random RNA sequence library produced mostly amorphous hexagonal nanoparticles, while a combination of sequences that emerged from the selection yields crystalline material as determined by SAED. To our knowledge this is the first example in which two biomolecules (RNA, DNA, or peptides) selected in vitro work together to provide a unique chemical outcome. In addition, this article provides a rigorous examination of the chemistry of Pd nanoparticle formation using RNA and the organometallic precursor complex Pd2(DBA)3 (DBA is dibenzylideneacetone). These studies have identified the specific conditions required for the successful RNA-mediated synthesis of Pd nanoparticles from aqueous solutions (10% THF : 90% H2O) containing Pd2(DBA)3, as well as conditions that led to anomalous results. A variety of techniques were employed to characterize materials formed under different solution conditions including SEM, AFM, TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and a chemical reactivity test. These analysis methods support the formation of Pd particles by RNA mediation when accounting for and controlling the important variables in the execution of the experiments. It is now clear that nanoparticles formed from RNA sequences isolated viain vitro selection can be dependent on many factors and it is understood that the specific sequence or sequence mixtures must be taken into account to fully understand RNA mediation of nanoparticle formation.
The Cyclic AMP Pathway

cAMP was the first second messenger to be identified. Its three main effectors are PKA (which phosphorylates numerous metabolic enzymes), EPAC (a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor), and cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels.
Clinical Evaluation of a Vaccinia-Vectored Hantaan Virus Vaccine

We evaluated a vaccinia-vectored vaccine for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in clinical trials. A Phase I dose-escalation study in 16 volunteers divided into four groups demonstrated that subcutaneous inoculation of approximately 10(7) plaque-forming units of the recombinant virus was safe and immunogenic. Vaccination of a fifth group of 12 volunteers indicated that neutralizing antibody titers to both vaccinia virus and Hantaan virus were enhanced after a second inoculation. Comparing two routes of vaccination showed that scarification effectively induced neutralizing antibodies in vaccinia virus-naive volunteers but that subcutaneous inoculation was superior to scarification in vaccinia virus-immune individuals. A Phase II, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 142 volunteers. Two subcutaneous vaccinations were administered at 4-week intervals. Neutralizing antibodies to Hantaan virus or to vaccinia virus were detected in 72% or 98% of vaccinia virus-naive volunteers, respectively. In contrast, only 26% of the vaccinia virus-immune volunteers developed neutralizing antibody responses to Hantaan virus. J. Med. Virol. 60:77-85, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-Risk Behavior during Adolescence: Comments on Part I

Cardinal and Steinberg provide evidence from both laboratory animal and human studies indicating that behavior is controlled by two distinct brain systems, one activational and the other inhibitory. This conceptual framework continues to be a useful integrative framework in developmental neurobiology and psychology. Despite the conceptual framework that posits a two-system control of high-risk behavior, it is notable that the bulk of research related to this topic has focused on one system in isolation from the other. Since the activational and inhibitory systems are constructs that are amenable to investigation using both laboratory animals and human subjects, it seems that a fruitful avenue for future interdisciplinary research would be to ascertain the interactive effect of these systems across the periadolescent period.
Electrical Interconnect and Microfluidic Cooling Within 3D ICs and Silicon Interposer

Heat dissipation is a significant challenge for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) due to the lack of heat removal paths and increased power density. In this paper, a 3D IC system with an embedded microfluidic cooling heat sink (MFHS) is presented. In the proposed 3D IC system, high power tiers contain embedded MFHS and high-aspect ratio (23:1) through-silicon-vias (TSVs) routed through the integrated MFHS. In addition, each tier has dedicated solder-based microfluidic chip I/Os. Microfluidic cooling experiments of staggered micropin-fins with embedded TSVs are presented for the first time. Moreover, the lateral thermal gradient across a chip is analyzed with segmented heaters.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Ypt/Rab GTPases: Regulators of Protein Trafficking

Ypt/Rab guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have emerged in the last decade as key regulators of protein transport in all eukaryotic cells. They seem to be involved in all aspects of vesicle trafficking: vesicle formation, motility, and docking, and membrane remodeling and fusion. The functions of Ypt/Rabs are themselves controlled by upstream regulators that stimulate both their nucleotide cycling and their cycling between membranes. Ypt/Rabs transmit signals to downstream effectors in a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent manner. The identity of upstream regulators and downstream effectors is known for a number of Ypt/Rabs, and models for their mechanisms of action are emerging. In at least two cases, Ypt/Rab upstream regulators and downstream effectors are found together in a single complex. In agreement with the idea that Ypt/Rabs function in all aspects of vesicular transport, their diverse effectors have recently been shown to function in all identified aspects of vesicle transport. Activators and effectors for individual Ypt/Rabs share no similarity, but are conserved between yeast and mammalian cells. Finally, cross talk demonstrated among the various Ypt/Rabs, and between Ypt/Rabs and other signaling factors, suggests possible coordination among secretory steps, as well as between protein transport and other cellular processes.
SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL OUTGROWTH AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR POLARIZATION OF THE LIMB BUD IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

Abstract During early limb-bud stages of avian embryos there is a specialized zone of cells that occupies the posterior border of each limb bud near its junction with the body wall. The cells have the property, when grafted to the apex of a host limb bud or to its anterior margin adjacent to the body wall, of inducing supernumerary limb parts from preaxial tissue of the bud. These parts always have their posterior border facing the site of the implant. The source of the implant has been called the Zone of Polarizing Activity. This study reports the spatiotemporal distribution of the zone of polarizing activity during ontogeny of the chick wing bud as assayed in grafts to the apex of the wing bud in the three-day chick embryo. The entire appendage bud was explored in a series of more than one thousand grafts. Polarizing activity was first assayed at Stages 15 and 16, but with only a very low frequency. By Stage 17, the activity is well established and remains at a high level until Stages 27 and 28, whereupon it decreases markedly. By Stage 29, activity is essentially absent. The activity of the polarizing factor shifts in position during development. Thus, at Stages 17 through 22, the zone of polarizing activity extends into both the wing bud and posteriorly adjacent body wall. By Stage 23, however, it lies entirely within the wing bud itself, and by Stage 27 is found only near the apex of the bud in the hand-forming region. Deletion of the zone of polarizing activity prior to and during the wing bud stages does not affect the expression of normal anterioposterior differentials in the morphology of the limb, although it sometimes affects the differentiation of posterior limb structures.
Comparative Direct And Indirect Costs Of Menorrhagia Treatment With Global Endometrial Ablation Or Hysterectomy

• Menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding, is a common gynecological disorder affecting about one-third of women at some time in their lives.1 • Menorrhagia is the presenting symptom for the majority of women who undergo a hysterectomy.2,3 • While serious complications from menorrhagia are rare, patients’ quality of life is significantly impacted by this condition.4 • Treatment for menorrhagia can be pharmacological and/or surgical. Surgical treatments include uterine artery embolization, myomectomy, hysterectomy, first-generation endometrial ablation methods (rollerball or laser ablation and transcervical resection of endometrium), and second-generation endometrial ablation methods (laser intrauterine thermotherapy, cryoablation, and microwave, thermal balloon, or radiofrequency ablation). • Endometrial ablation methods are very effective and have a low complication rate and high satisfaction rate, but there are varying rates of reintervention associated with ablation, depending on the chosen technology and circumstances under which it is used.5 • Treatment with hysterectomy is effective and permanent; however, there are high rates of morbidity and costs.5,6 BACKGROUND
Mutator mutations in bacteriophage T4 gene 42 (dHMC hydroxymethylase).

Temperature-sensitive mutations of bacteriophage T4 gene 42 produce diverse effects upon spontaneous mutation rates. G:C → A:T transition rates are increased, often strongly; frameshift mutation rates are weakly increased; A:T → G:C transition rates (and perhaps also A:T → Py:Pu transversion rates) are decreased; and one G:C → Py:Pu transversion rate is also decreased. These results, together with certain interactions between gene- 42 mutator effects and both base analogue mutagenesis and the viral error-prone repair system, suggest that the dHMC hydroxymethylase coded by gene 42 affects mutation rates in a more complex manner than by the simple regulation of the concentration of the DNA precursor dHMCTP.
Bevacizumab for the treatment of surgically unresectable cervical cord hemangioblastoma: a case report

Introduction Hemangioblastomas are highly vascular tumors that can arise within the central nervous system as well as other organ systems within the body. They can arise sporadically or as part of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Those arising in critical locations within the central nervous system can be difficult to resect surgically and therefore pose a significant challenge and result in morbidity and even mortality. Hemangioblastomas express high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor that drives angiogenesis and tumor progression. We hypothesized that bevacizumab through its inhibitory effect on vascular endothelial growth factor will result in hemangioblastoma tumor regression as well as a meaningful clinical response.
Studies of the Role for NSP4 in the Pathogenesis of Homologous Murine Rotavirus Diarrhea

A rotavirus (RV) nonstructural protein, NSP4, has recently been proposed to function as an enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of RV diarrhea. The role of NSP4 in the pathogenesis of RV diarrhea was examined by infecting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mice with virulent murine RV and by comparing deduced amino acid sequences of RV gene 10 encoding NSP4 from three distinct sets of virulent and tissue culture-adapted avirulent variant RVs. Homozygous CFTR (CFTR-/-) mice, which do not respond to any known intestinal secretagogues, experienced diarrhea comparable to that in normal CFTR+/+ littermates after RV challenge. Comparison of amino acid sequences of NSP4 from virulent and attenuated pairs of RVs failed to show consistent or significant changes. Together, these data suggest that enterotoxigenic properties of RV NSP4 are not critical in the pathogenesis of murine RV diarrhea and that attenuation of murine RVs is not usually mediated by mutations in the gene encoding NSP4.
Instantaneous quantitative video intensity heterogeneity: evaluation with low mechanical index contrast echocardiography.

Background: Instantaneous video intensity of myocardium has been poorly characterized. Myocardial video intensity is usually displayed in the fitted curve from the exponential equation, y = a(1 − e −bt). However, information from the fitted curve will be as accurate as the original video intensity data from the perfusion image. Therefore, we sought to characterize the intramyocardial instantaneous video intensity from low mechanical index (MI) contrast echo imaging for variation. Method: Low-MI imaging using a nonlinear cancellation technique was performed on 10 subjects with normal myocardium. Quantitative video intensity was analyzed in five segments in the epicardium and subendocardium, as well as in systole and diastole. Results: Video intensity varied between the epicardium and endocardium in each of the region that was analyzed, with the greatest variation in the inferior region (P < 0.0001). Diastolic and systolic differences were also present. Conclusion: Instantaneous video intensity is heterogeneous within the myocardium. Differences can result from attenuation, myocardial fiber structure, and even isotropic effects of the contrast agent, and should be taken into account when data are fitted into an exponential function.
Delay extraction from frequency domain data for causal macro-modeling of passive networks

Causality, which deals with the precise timing of signal propagation through passive structures like interconnects, is an important problem in the time domain simulation of distributed passive networks. If unaccounted for, it can lead to significant error in the signal integrity analysis of high-speed digital systems. Distributed passive systems are characterized by multiple causality conditions in their time-domain response. The port-to-port delay, which is the time taken by the electrical signal to reach from one port to the other, forms the basis for these causality conditions. This paper describes a technique to extract the port-to-port delay in passive networks directly from their frequency domain parameters. The technique can be applied to either S, Y or Z parameters of passive systems. It can also be extended to multi-port networks. The delay thus determined has been used to enforce causality on the S parameters of a passive system.
Generalizations from an OEO Experiment in Washington, D.C

Based on an evaluation of an OEO police-community relations experiment, a new conceptual framework, is proposed, defining police-community relations as a power relationship with three interrelated dimensions (efficiency, responsiveness, and representativeness) which are related to a behavioral model of personality development and characteristics. Data analyzed within a modified pretest, posttest control group design for police and citizens assess the merits of inservice training versus racial representativeness in improving police responsiveness to ghetto definitions of police roles, functions, and accountability to the community. Key conclusions are: (a) in-service training is not always an appropriate means, (b) citizens must be involved, and (c) training of citizens to assume responsibility in law enforcement and police-community relations must begin.