cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desensitization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/Ca2+-induced Cl- currents by prolonged activation of G proteins in Xenopus oocytes.

Expression of G protein alpha subunits of the Gq family with various G protein-coupled receptors induces activation of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+-mediated Cl- conductance in Xenopus oocytes. Our present data show that two members of this family, the human Galpha 16 subunit and the murine homologue Galpha 15, can induce both activation and inhibition of these agonist-induced currents. Although extremely low amounts (10-50 pg) of injected Galpha 16 subunit cRNA cause modest (~2-fold) enhancement of ligand-induced Cl- currents in oocytes co-injected with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor cRNA 48 h postinjection, larger Galpha 16 and Galpha 15 cRNA injections cause >10-fold inhibition of TRH or 5HT2c receptor responses. The inhibition is analyzed in this study. The inhibited currents are recovered if various Gbeta gamma subunit combinations are also expressed with the Galpha subunits. The constitutively active mutant, Galpha 16Q212L, also causes a strong attenuation of the ligand-induced Cl- currents, but this inhibition is not recovered by co-expression of Gbeta gamma subunits. These results indicate that the free Galpha subunit is responsible for the inhibitory signal. Although expression of TRH receptor alone produces maximum responses approximately 48 h after injection, co-expression of TRH receptor with Galpha 16 results in enhanced responses 6-12 h postinjection, followed by complete attenuation at 36 h. Furthermore, injection of Galpha 16 cRNA alone at comparable levels gives rise to spontaneous Cl- currents within 6-12 h postinjection, suggesting that the early spontaneous activation underlies the later suppression. Expression of other G protein alpha subunits of the Gq family, at cRNA levels considerably higher than effective for Galpha 16, produces both analogous spontaneous Cl- currents and, later, inhibition of ligand-induced Cl- currents. Experiments with direct injection of IP3 and of Ca2+ suggest that this inhibition is consistent with the down-regulation of IP3 receptors. These data indicate that both enhancement and inhibition of signaling through G protein-coupled receptors can be mediated by the expression level and/or activity of an individual G protein.
Process, Goal and Social Interaction Differences in Recreation: What Makes an Activity Substitutable.

Abstract In the present study two recreational activities, deer hunting and goose hunting, both similar in form, are compared. The study shows that the activity with the fewest perceived substitutes, deer hunting, also showed higher mean ratings on items measuring the importance of various elements of the experience, such as the process of participation, the goal of the activity, and the social interaction that accompanies the activity by the participants. Deer hunters also reported greater participation in the activity by peers and were more likely to be introduced to the activity by a family member. It is argued that these differences in the importance of the elements of the experiences influence the perceived substitutability of a recreational activity.
Response to sunitinib in combination with proton beam radiation in a patient with chondrosarcoma: a case report

Introduction Chondrosarcoma is well-known to be primarily resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy.
The Critical Heritage

I. M. Walker, ed. Edgar Allan Poe: The Critical Heritage. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul and Methuen, Inc., 1987. xvii + 419 pp. $55.
Detecting and Mitigating Abnormal Events in Large Scale Networks: Budget Constrained Placement on Smart Grids

Several scenarios exist in the modern inter- connected world which call for an efficient network interdiction algorithm. Applications are varied, including various monitoring and load shedding applications on large smart energy grids, computer network security, preventing the spread of Internet worms ad malware, policing international smuggling networks, and controlling the spread of diseases. In this paper we consider some natural network optimization questions related to the budget constrained interdiction problem over general graphs, specifically focusing on the sensor/switch placement problem for large- scale energy grids. Many of these questions turn out to be computationally hard to tackle. We present a particular form of the interdiction question which is practically relevant and which we show as computationally tractable. A polynomial- time algorithm will be presented for solving this problem.
Theory of the Optical Stark Effect in Semiconductors under Ultrashort‐Pulse Excitation

The optical Stark effect is computed for femtosecond excitation of the electron–hole-pair states in semiconductors. The theory is based on the effective Bloch equations for semiconductors and is evaluated for the large detuning, low intensity limit. For the example of CdS, good agreement with recent femtosecond experiments is found. It is shown that the coherent interaction of the pulses and the medium polarization dominates the semiconductor response as long as the pulse duration is of the order of, or less than, the coherence decay time of the medium. Der optische Stark-Effekt der Elektron–Loch-Paarzustande in Halbleitern wird fur den Fall von Femtosekunden-Anregung berechnet. Die Theorie basiert auf den effektiven Bloch-Gleichungen fur Halbleiter und wird im Grenzfall niedriger Anregungsintensitat und groser Verstimmung ausgewertet. Fur den Fall von CdS wird gute Ubereinstimmung mit Femtosekunden-Experimenten berichtet. Es wird gezeigt, das die Halbleiter-Transmissionsspektren dominant durch die koharente Wechselwirkung der Pulse und der Mediumpolarisation bestimmt werden, solange die Pulsdauer nicht langer als die Koharenz-Relaxationszeit ist.
Sympathetic Nervous System Tonicity and Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Hypertension

To elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension following coronary bypass surgery, blood pressure and plasma catecholamine concentration were measured in 28 patients with coronary artery disease who were undergoing myocardial revascularizat ion procedures. Measurements were obtained on arrival in the operating room and 1 and 4 h after surgery. One hour after surgery, plasma norepinephrine (NE) increased significantly by 495k 108 pg/ml (P<0.001) in the coronary artery disease group which developed hypertension, but the increase was not significant in the coronary artery patients who remained normotensive after surgery. However, 4 h after surgery, plasma NE increased significantly and to the same extent in both coronary artery disease groups, regardless of the change in blood pressure. Plasma epinephrine (E) also increased significantly 1 and 4 h after surgery in both groups. The observed change in plasma catecholamine concentration is direct evidence that the stress of surgery is a potent adrenergic stimulus, but the hemodynamic significance of the plasma catecholamine change remains unclear.
COLD-PCR–Enhanced High-Resolution Melting Enables Rapid and Selective Identification of Low-Level Unknown Mutations

Background: Analysis of clinical samples often necessitates identification of low-level somatic mutations within wild-type DNA; however, the selectivity and sensitivity of the methods are often limiting. COLD-PCR (coamplification at lower denaturation temperature–PCR) is a new form of PCR that enriches mutation-containing amplicons to concentrations sufficient for direct sequencing; nevertheless, sequencing itself remains an expensive mutation-screening approach. Conversely, high-resolution melting (HRM) is a rapid, inexpensive scanning method, but it cannot specifically identify the detected mutation. To enable enrichment, quick scanning, and identification of low-level unknown mutations, we combined COLD-PCR with HRM mutation scanning, followed by sequencing of positive samples. Methods: Mutation-containing cell-line DNA serially diluted into wild-type DNA and DNA samples from human lung adenocarcinomas containing low-level mutations were amplified via COLD-PCR and via conventional PCR for TP53 (tumor protein p53) exons 6–8, and the 2 approaches were compared. HRM analysis was used to screen amplicons for mutations; mutation-positive amplicons were sequenced. Results: Dilution experiments indicated an approximate 6- to 20-fold improvement in selectivity with COLD-PCR/HRM. Conventional PCR/HRM exhibited mutation-detection limits of approximately 2% to 10%, whereas COLD-PCR/HRM exhibited limits from approximately 0.1% to 1% mutant-to-wild-type ratio. After HRM analysis of lung adenocarcinoma samples, we detected 7 mutations by both PCR methods in exon 7; however, in exon 8 we detected 9 mutations in COLD-PCR amplicons, compared with only 6 mutations in conventional-PCR amplicons. Furthermore, 94% of the HRM-detected mutations were successfully sequenced with COLD-PCR amplicons, compared with 50% with conventional-PCR amplicons. Conclusions: COLD-PCR/HRM improves the mutation-scanning capabilities of HRM and combines high selectivity, convenience, and low cost with the ability to sequence unknown low-level mutations in clinical samples.
Mental Health in Deployed and Nondeployed Veteran Men and Women in Comparison With Their Civilian Counterparts

ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the mental health of deployed and nondeployed veterans compared with civilians, exploring gender differences. Methods: We sampled 41,903 respondents from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Respondents self-reported how many of the previous 30 days mental health was not good; 14 days or more indicated adverse mental health. Results: Women exhibited greater prevalence of adverse mental health than men among civilians (odds ratio [OR] = 1.783 (1.653, 1.924), p < 0.001), deployed veterans [OR = 1.879 (1.019, 3.467), p = 0.043], and nondeployed veterans [OR = 2.621 (1.796, 3.825), p < 0.001]. Compared with civilian status, deployed status was associated with adverse mental health for men [OR = 1.361 (1.055, 1.755), p = 0.018] and possibly women [OR = 1.521 (0.930, 2.487), p = 0.095]. Compared with civilian status, nondeployed status was associated with adverse mental health for women [OR = 1.525 (1.152, 2.018), p = 0.003], but not for men [OR = 1.169 (0.9...
Black Print with a White Carnation: Mildred Brown and the Omaha Star Newspaper, 1938–1989

Review of: "Black Print with a White Carnation: Mildred Brown and the Omaha Star Newspaper, 1938–1989," by Amy Helene Forss.
Effect of salinity on the behavior of Aedes aegypti populations from the coast and plateau of southeastern Brazil.

Background & objectives: Mosquito larvae can develop in fresh, salty and brackish water. The larvae of Aedes aegypti develop in fresh water. However, in laboratory studies, tolerance of this species for oviposition and hatching in brackish water was observed. Immature forms of Ae. aegypti have also been found developing in brackish water in coastal areas. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of salt on the biological cycle of Ae. aegypti populations from coastal and plateau areas of southeastern Brazil. Methods: Aedes aegypti were collected from plateau (Taubate) and coastal (Sao Sebastiao) municipalities to establish colonies. Specimens of the F1 generation were exposed to five salt concentrations (3.5, 7, 10.5, 14 and 17.5‰) to assess the oviposition and cycle development from egg hatching to adult eclosion. Deionized water was used in the control groups. Results: Both Taubate and Sao Sebastiao populations oviposited in all salt concentrations tested; however, development occurred in all except in the 17.5% concentration. Significant differences in development and adult size were observed at intermediate concentrations (Sao Sebastiao from 10.5‰ and Taubate from 7‰, for both variables) between the two populations. Interpretation & conclusion: The results of this study showed different response patterns to salinity between the two populations, suggesting better adaptive adjustment of the coastal population to the metabolic constraints exerted by salt. The implications of this adaptation are discussed, and additional studies are suggested to evaluate the mechanisms that determinate the adaptive processes of Ae. aegypti in brackish water and the implications to its vectorial capacity.
Hydrogen transportation by pipelines

Hydrogen is purported to be the future energy carrier. To realize a flourishing hydrogen economy it is imperative that a smooth energy supply chain is in place from the production to the user end. Pipeline networks have remained the most cost-effective method for supplying gas to the consumers. This chapter analyzes the process of hydrogen transportation through pipelines along with its challenges. Renewable resources have been analyzed in detail to replace fossil fuels as an alternate pathway for reliable hydrogen production. Hydrogen can also travel as a mixture with natural gas during the transition phase. Research on materials and process can effectively address the challenges in pipeline transportation.
Mental illness: psychiatry's phlogiston

In physics, we use the same laws to explain why airplanes fly, and why they crash. In psychiatry, we use one set of laws to explain sane behaviour, which we attribute to reasons (choices), and another set of laws to explain insane behaviour, which we attribute to causes (diseases). God, man's idea of moral perfection, judges human deeds without distinguishing between sane persons responsible for their behaviour and insane persons deserving to be excused for their evil deeds. It is hubris to pretend that the insanity defence is compassionate, just, or scientific. Mental illness is to psychiatry as phlogiston was to chemistry. Establishing chemistry as a science of the nature of matter required the recognition of the non-existence of phlogiston. Establishing psychiatry as a science of the nature of human behaviour requires the recognition of the non-existence of mental illness.
Burns and Inhalational Injury

Burns are one of the most feared and misunderstood traumatic injuries. They are a breed of trauma in which a patient can come in talking and yet succumb to their injuries within 24–48 h if the physician is not diligent. This chapter is meant to provide a guidebook for those who do not treat burns every day. It is for the physician who finds himself or herself in over their head and having to take care of a severely burned patient for the first several days following injury. We will tell you how to stabilize and resuscitate your patient, initiate wound care, and initially treat inhalational injuries so that your patient can be delivered to a burn center with the best possible chance of an excellent outcome.
Demographic indicators of change in a deposit-feeding abyssal holothurian community (Station M, 4000 m)

Abstract Holothurians are among the most abundant benthic megafauna at abyssal depths, and important consumers and bioturbators of organic carbon on the sea floor. Significant fluctuations in abyssal holothurian density are often attributed to species-specific responses to variable particulate organic carbon flux (food supply) stemming from surface ocean events. We report changes in densities of 19 holothurian species at the abyssal monitoring site Station M in the northeast Pacific, recorded during 11 remotely operated vehicle surveys between Dec 2006 and Oct 2014. Body size demographics are presented for Abyssocucumis abyssorum, Synallactidae sp. 1, Paelopatides confundens , Elpidia sp. A, Peniagone gracilis , Peniagone papillata , Peniagone vitrea , Peniagone sp. A, Peniagone sp. 1, and Scotoplanes globosa . Densities were lower and species evenness was higher from 2006–2009 compared to 2011–2014. Food supply of freshly-settled phytodetritus was exceptionally high during this latter period. Based on relationships between median body length and density, numerous immigration and juvenile recruitment events of multiple species appeared to take place between 2011 and 2014. These patterns were dominated by elpidiids (Holothuroidea: Elasipodida: Elpidiidae), which consistently increased in density during a period of high food availability, while other groups showed inconsistent responses. We considered minimum body length to be a proxy for size at juvenile recruitment. Patterns in density clustered by this measure, which was a stronger predictor of maximum density than median and mean body length.
Inhibitory effects of pteroyl glutamic acid preparations.

Summary1. Freshly recrystallized pteroyl glutamic acid (PGA)R even in very high concentrations exerts no significant inhibitory effect on the metabolism of brain cell suspensions.2. PGA preparations, not freshly recrystallized, have a marked inhibitory action in high concentrations (25 millimolar). In lower concentrations (1 millimolar), the inhibition is negligible.3. The inhibitory action with pyruvate as substrate can be largely accounted for by the photofission product of PGA (2-amino-4-hy-droxy-6-formyl-pteridine).
The 80-h Week

The 80-h week has been with us since 2003 and in some form applies to medical students, residents, and fellows. Since the institution of the rules, they have had several changes, each change being a bit more stringent. The fact is that we must abide by them or risk de-accreditation of training programs. The rules are very explicit and do not leave much question as to interpretation.
Analysis on the characteristics of injuries from the Chinese National Surveillance System in Anhui,2011

Objective To analyze the injury characteristics,with data from the Chinese National Surveillance System( NISS),2011,for developing an injury prevention strategy. Methods 6 hospitals from two surveillance points in NISS were selected. Those people who visited the selected hospitals first time and were diagnosed injury can be objects. Results There were 22 545 injury cases in total,and the ratio of males to females was 1. 86: 1. The top three cause of injuries were falls( 27. 83%),traffic- related( 26. 86%),and blunt injuries( 19. 61%). The major places where injuries occurred were road / street( 33. 24%),at home( 22. 17%). Recreation activities( 33. 87%) and taking vehicles( 23. 48%) were the two major activities when injuries took place. Most injury cases were unintentional( 89. 00%) and mild( 71. 31%). Conclusion Male injury cases were more than females. Falls,traffic- related and blunt injuries were the major causes,with most of them were unintentional and mild; the characteristics of the cases is stable.
Computed Tomographic Examination of the Heart

Computed tomography (CT) has been demonstrated to be a valuable means of noninvasively imaging the cardiovascular system. In particular, necropsy studies and analysis of surgically excised specimens have indicated that CT represents the premier technique for measurement of pericardial thickness and a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis and staging of cardiac neoplasms. Although careful pathologic analysis has shown CT to be an accurate means of assessing the extent of experimental myocardial infarction, logistic considerations have thus far limited the routine use of CT in clinical practice. A variety of additional cardiovascular applications of CT, including evaluation of bypass graft patency, aortic dissection, and intracavitary thrombus, are currently under investigation.
Data Model and Algebra for Office Document

There has been a tremendous interest on document modeling for the Office Information Systems. In this chapter, we introduce a new document model (called the D_model) and an algebraic language (called the D_algebra) for describing and manipulating documents encountered in the office environment [106, 107, 108].
Compensation in Reproduction

The reproductive compensation hypothesis (RCH) says that parents attempt to make up for predictable relative offspring viability deficits that arise when individuals are constrained to reproduce with partners they do not prefer. The RCH assumes that (1) individual mating preferences predict offspring viability and (2) ecological and social constraints on the expression of mating preferences are common. The RCH predicts that parents mated to partners they do not individually prefer increase allocations to offspring, which, in turn, increase the likelihood that still surviving offspring live to reproductive age. Among the many predictions of the RCH is that relative to unconstrained females, females constrained to mate with individual males they do not prefer will ovulate more eggs and increase the number of eggs they lay or the number of offspring to which they give birth. The predictions of the RCH sometimes, but not always, contrast with those of the differential allocation hypothesis.
The effects of information voids on capital flows in emerging markets

Information voids reflect a lack of publicly available information about a country’s investment climate, and represent the information problems associated with institutional voids. We argue that foreign investors differ in their sensitivity to information voids based on their own private information and their flexibility in responding rapidly to change. We predict that foreign banks will be least hampered by information voids, due to their privileged access to private information about local conditions and ability to adapt quickly to new information. Portfolio investors, while impeded by information voids due to their severely limited access to local private information, are able to quickly respond to new information. Foreign direct investors have moderate access to local private information, yet their inability to adapt quickly creates problems dealing with information voids. Using time-series cross-sectional data on local public information and capital flows to the thirty largest emerging markets from 1994 to 2012, we find preliminary support for our hypotheses regarding the sensitivity of different investors to information voids. We find that direct investors are most sensitive to information voids and banks are least sensitive, while portfolio investors are moderately sensitive.
Treating Chronic Stress to Address the Growing Problem of Depression and Anxiety: Biofeedback and Mindfulness as Simple, Effective Preventive Measures

Depression and anxiety are undertreated and represent a growing health crisis and economic burden. Current treatment approaches (medications, psychotherapy) appear insufficient to resolve these pro...
Reading “wrecks of history” and the Harley family narrative

ABSTRACTDuring the English civil wars, many elite families faced the destruction of the buildings, monuments, and movables that had served for centuries as testaments to their social standing. The Harleys of Brampton Bryan in Herefordshire faced just this situation after their estate was demolished during a Royalist siege in 1644. While the family had ample cause to lament, this study reveals that destruction could also be framed as a generative force. In this framework, the broken artefact works in multiple ways, recalling the intact pre-war family while simultaneously attesting to its suffering and sacrifice. As the Harleys and those close to them wrote about loss and destruction, they evoke the family’s ancient prestige and re-frame loss in a way that lays the groundwork for local reconciliation and the success of the Harley line. Out of the ruins of their lives, the Harleys are re-created as a godly, genteel family.
Sustainable Land Management for Bioenergy Crops

Abstract We provide insights from a five year National Science Foundation project focused on the development of spatially explicit maps of sustainable, regional “hot spots” for the large scale deployment of perennial bioenergy crops (e.g., miscanthus and switchgrass) in the United States. With environmental and economic sustainability as principal constraints, our approach integrates climate, land surface, ecosystem, and economic models. We identify “hot spots” (high suitability areas) where there is evidence of atmospheric cooling without a corresponding deterioration of water resources (e.g., significant soil moisture reduction) and simulate biomass yields on marginal lands that become inputs to our economic optimization model.
Treatment strategies for central low-grade chondrosarcoma of long bones: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

The need for wide local excision (WLE) versus intralesional (IL) treatment of low-grade chondrosarcomas (CS) of the appendicular skeleton remains controversial. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare different conventional types of surgical treatments for grade I CS in terms of: (1) rate of local recurrence (LR) and metastases, (2) functional outcome as measured by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score, (3) complication rate. Eighteen studies enrolling 695 patients met our criteria. Studies reported on WLE versus IL treatment (n = 7), and IL treatment with or without different adjuvants (N = 11). The LR rate was not significantly different between WLE and IL treatment (OR 2.31; 95% CI, 0.85–6.2; P = 0.1). On the contrary, complication rates were significantly lower in favor of IL treatment (OR 2.27; 95% CI, 0.07–0.72; P = 0.012). The mean reported MSTS score ranged from 21.8 to 28.2 for WLE and from 26.5 to 29.7 for IL treatment, with a significant difference in favor of IL treatment. IL treatment as an alternative to WLE does not greatly increase the risk of LR or metastasis and has lower complication rates with better functional scores. In light of the retrospective nature of the studies available, our findings should be interpreted with caution.
Laughing at the victims: the function of popular jokes during Algeria’s ‘Dark Decade,’ 1991–2002

A decade-long civil conflict that leaves an estimated 200,000 people dead is no laughing matter. Yet, throughout Algeria’s ‘dark decade’ of the 1990s residents of the war-torn North African country...
Humanitarian Responses to Complex Emergencies

Complex emergencies caused by violent armed conflicts have become the most common human-generated disasters. Since the end of the Cold War, the majority of armed conflicts occur within, rather than between countries. Civilian populations are targeted in these conflicts and experience the heaviest burden. The health consequences brought about by these crises include population displacements, increased levels of morbidity and mortality, and gross human rights violations. Causes of internal armed conflicts are multifaceted. They are no longer based on ideological differences, but more on economic, political, and social factors. Response to an emergency is unique to each situation and context. The nature and scope of response depends on the availability of resources and the willingness of the international community to get involved. Generally, response includes preparedness, initial assessments, and meeting the immediate and long-term needs of displaced populations. The Sphere universal minimum standards and indicators are used by aid agencies to guide response and provision of shelter, food aid, health care, water, and sanitation. Some of the challenges experienced by agencies during response include access, coordination, accountability, and high staff turnover. Complex emergencies are a significant part of public health. Sustainable ways of dealing with them should be sought by professionals in the field.
On the Wiener semigroup and harmonic analysis on the infinite dimensional torus

We present a model for which certain difficulties often associated with analysis on infinite-dimensional spaces do not occur. In this situation, the convolution semigroup of Wiener measures constructed by Gross becomes a self-adjoint contraction semigroup. We generalize a facet of Sobolev theory to our infinite-dimensional context, and consider the differentiability of Wiener measure in this new weak sense.
The Effects of Hemopoietic Factors on Stem Cells in In Vitro

Blast cell colonies that we have developed in our laboratory have proved to be effective in studies of the mechanisms of stem cell proliferation. The progenitors of blast cell colonies appear to be the earliest to be identified in culture and reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle in the steady-state marrow. Using a “mapping” technique, we have characterized the biological properties of the progenitors for the blast cell colony-forming cells and the mechanisms of growth factor interactions supporting stem cell proliferation. When the blast cell colony-forming cells remain dormant in the steady-state marrow, they do not appear to require the presence of early-acting factors such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-6, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for their survival. Our evidence indicates that IL-6, G-CSF, and leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF)/differentiation-inhibiting activity (DIA) are involved in the initiation of cell divisions of the dormant stem cells. Once stem cells exit from G0, their proliferation is supported by IL-3 and/or IL-4. Transforming TGFβ has been shown to preferentially inhibit colony formation from early progenitors. We have observed that the inhibitory effect of TGFβ on colony formation from dormant stem cells may be abrogated by IL-6 or G-CSF. Stem cell proliferation may be regulated by interactions of stimulatory and inhibitory factors.
The safety of post-operative elevation of mean arterial blood pressure following brain tumor resection.

Abstract We demonstrate the safety of artificially elevating the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) greater than 85 mmHg or 10% above the mean MAP in patients with underlying hypertension during the acute post-operative period in patients undergoing surgery for resection of brain tumors. A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients undergoing surgery by the senior author between 2013 and 2018. Patients who underwent MAP therapy were analyzed for hemorrhagic and cardiac complications. A total of 1162 of 2270 post-operative brain tumor patients underwent MAP therapy after surgery for a minimum of 24 h post-operatively. Of these, 7/1162 (0.6%) patients experienced intra-cavitary hemorrhage within 5 days of surgery. Two of 7 (29%) patients were diagnosed with venous infarction. One of 7 (14%) patients experienced post-operative, intra-cavitary hemorrhage prior to the initiation of MAP therapy. The remaining 4/1162 (0.35%) patients experienced intra-cavitary hemorrhage post-operatively without clear etiology. In assessing cardiac outcomes, 2/1162 patients (0.2%) experienced elevated troponin levels. No patient demonstrated significant cardiac related morbidity or mortality within this cohort. Post-operative MAP therapy with a goal of maintaining MAP greater than 85 mmHg or 10% above the mean MAP in patients with underlying hypertension appears to be a safe intervention in brain tumor patients for at least 24 h in the post-operative period.
Working Out Their Future: The NFL’s Play 60 Campaign and the Production of Adolescent Fans and Players:

This article critically examines the National Football League’s (NFL) extensive “Play 60” campaign that operates in more than 73,000 schools in the United States. The year-round program—marketed as...
Severity and Variability of Depression Symptoms Predicting Suicide Attempt in High-Risk Individuals.

Importance Predicting suicidal behavior continues to be among the most challenging tasks in psychiatry. Objectives To examine the trajectories of clinical predictors of suicide attempt (specifically, depression symptoms, hopelessness, impulsivity, aggression, impulsive aggression, and irritability) for their ability to predict suicide attempt and to compute a risk score for suicide attempts. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a longitudinal study of the offspring of parents (or probands) with mood disorders who were recruited from inpatient units at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (Pittsburgh) and New York State Psychiatric Institute. Participants were recruited from July 15, 1997, to September 6, 2005, and were followed up through January 21, 2014. Probands and offspring (n = 663) were interviewed at baseline and at yearly follow-ups for 12 years. Lifetime and current psychiatric disorders were assessed, and self-reported questionnaires were administered. Model evaluation used 10-fold cross-validation, which split the entire data set into 10 equal parts, fit the model to 90% of the data (training set), and assessed it on the remaining 10% (test set) and repeated that process 10 times. Preliminary analyses were performed from July 20, 2015, to October 5, 2016. Additional analyses were conducted from July 26, 2017, to July 24, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The broad definition of suicide attempt included actual, interrupted, and aborted attempts as well as suicidal ideation that prompted emergency referrals during the study. The narrow definition referred to actual attempt only. Results The sample of offspring (n = 663) was almost equally distributed by sex (316 female [47.7%]) and had a mean (SD) age of 23.8 (8.5) years at the time of censored observations. Among the 663 offspring, 71 (10.7%) had suicide attempts over the course of the study. The trajectory of depression symptoms with the highest mean scores and variability over time was the only trajectory to predict suicide attempt (odds ratio [OR], 4.72; 95% CI, 1.47-15.21;P = .01). In addition, we identified the following predictors: younger age (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.90;P Conclusions and Relevance The specific predictors of suicide attempt identified are those that clinicians already assess during routine psychiatric evaluations; monitoring and treating depression symptoms to reduce their severity and fluctuation may attenuate the risk for suicidal behavior.
Variable effect of larval stage on the efficacy of insecticides against Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations with different levels of pyrethroid resistance

Abstract The annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is a major insect pest of golf course turf in eastern North America. The weevil has been primarily managed with insecticides with applications targeting adults or the first through third instar larvae. It is not understood how effective larvicides are when significant numbers of fourth or even fifths instars are present. In greenhouse and field experiments we exposed larval populations of the weevil to the insecticides cyantraniliprole, spinosad, indoxacarb, and trichlorfon when the larval instar average was 2.5, 3.2, and 4.0, respectively (henceforth called L2.5, L3.2, and L4.0 timing, respectively). Greenhouse and field experiments showed similar trends in insecticide effectiveness. At the L2.5 timing, cyantraniliprole was the most effective and trichlorfon the least effective insecticide. At the L3.2 timing, all insecticides provide similar control levels. At the L4.0 timing, spinosad was more effective than the rest. Consequently, spinosad efficacy did not differ between application timings, cyantraniliprole and indoxacarb were more effective at the L2.5 and L3.2 than at the L4.0 timing, and trichlorfon was more effective at the L3.2 than the L2.5 and L4.0 timings. Our observations show that these insecticides remain effective until the larval instar average is approximately 3.2, giving applicators more time to accurately determine the need for insecticide applications which can lead to reduced insecticide use and thereby alleviate pressure for resistance development.
Photostabilized titanium dioxide and a fluorescent brightener as adjuvants for a nucleopolyhedrovirus

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)reflects ultraviolet light, and so could beexpected to protect the occlusion bodies (OBs)of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) fromdegradation by sunlight. However, in thepresence of sunlight and water, TiO2catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide,which can degrade OBs. We tested microfineTiO2 that had been photostabilized(particles were coated to prevent catalyticactivity), as a UV protectant for the OBs ofthe NPV of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Inthe absence of UV, activity of the OBs wasreduced by nonphotostabilized TiO2 but wasunaffected by photostabilized TiO2 or byzinc oxide (ZnO). None of these materialsinfluenced larval feeding rates. Undersimulated sunlight, photostabilizedTiO2 protected the OBs to a greater degreethan did ZnO. Photostabilized TiO2 wascompatible with a viral enhancer, thefluorescent brightener Blankophor HRS. Undersimulated sunlight, both materials increasedactivity of the OBs, relative to OBs withneither material, in a largely additive manner. In bioassays of foliage collected from fieldplots of lima bean plants sprayed with OBs withor without one or both of these materials,TiO2 increased persistence of the OBs, butBlankophor HRS had no significant effect.
Modeling and coupling of acoustical layered systems that consist of elements having different transfer matrix dimensions

The transfer matrix method that is often used to model layered or lumped acoustical systems was inspired by a classical methodology commonly used in electrical engineering. To take advantage of that procedure’s accuracy and modeling efficiency, the transfer matrix method has been further adapted here to allow coupling of layered acoustic media having different matrix dimensions. For example, in the case of fluid, or effective fluid, media, the acoustic transfer matrix elements are conventionally modeled using two-by-two matrices. In contrast, a four-by-four matrix is required to model an elastic solid layer, and a six-by-six matrix is required to model a poroelastic layer, since multiple wave types propagate within the latter elements. Here, we introduce a modified transfer matrix calculation process that draws on various matrix operations to couple four-by-four and/or six-by-six matrices with the two-by-two matrices of other acoustical elements. The matrix operations include singular value decomposition and QR decomposition. These tools are used to reduce the order of elastic solid or poroelastic layer matrices from four-by-four or six-by-six to two-by-two, respectively, so that a layered system can be modeled simply by multiplying together a sequence of two-by-two matrices representing all the layered acoustic elements regardless of their complexity, thus finally creating an overall two-by-two matrix. In this article, the proposed method is applied to several different layered or multipanel structures, and the predicted acoustical properties are compared to results obtained by using previously-existing methods in order to validate the modified transfer matrix method.
The Relationship Between Delirium and Mental Health Outcomes: Current Insights and Future Directions

Delirium is a neurologic syndrome which occurs in a wide array of settings, but which is particularly common in the context of critical illness. While delirium has been studied with respect to its impact on long-term cognitive outcomes, less attention has been paid to the often complex interplay between delirium and mental health outcomes. Delirium appears to be a risk factor for the development of a variety of psychiatric conditions such as depression, even as such conditions predispose individuals to the development of delirium. That delirium and mental health disorders may be related is not surprising given the similar mechanisms that likely underlie them. Future investigations should aim to better elucidate the relationships between delirium and anxiety, depression, and PTSD while exploring key clinical questions such as whether reducing the incidence of delirium significantly reduces the risk of psychiatric sequelae and whether certain phenotypic expressions of delirium may be particularly problematic with respect to mental health outcomes.
Chapter 11 – Development of Antioxidant and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme Systems

The cellular composition and architectural organization of the adult distal respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, and lungs) is highly complex. The respiratory system is composed of a large number of morphologically distinct cell phenotypes organized into a highly-branched series of tissues surrounding air passages. This very complex structure begins as an evagination of the undifferentiated epithelium from the foregut into a surrounding mesenchymal bundle. All of the developmental stages (embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular) associated with the transformation from this simple tubular structure into a highly complex organ system are potentially susceptible to modification by toxic agents. These stages have been reviewed in more detail in earlier chapters. The susceptibility of the lung as a target organ for specific toxicants may be altered by the cellular processes involved in each of these stages of development.
Detectability and Desirability of Fear of Being Single in Online Dating Profiles

Objective Those who fear being single generally do not have difficulty attracting prospective partners. The present research explores whether this is because daters cannot detect fear of being single, or because detected fear of being single does not hinder desirability. Method In Study 1 (N = 235, 60% women, Mage = 36.9), participants created dating profiles then rated the desirability of profiles depicting high versus low fear of being single (high narcissism control). In Study 2 (N = 176, 69% women, Mage = 21.4), participants evaluated fear of being single and desirability of actual profiles. Results Differences in fear of being single were detectable. Furthermore, detecting higher fear of being single predicted lower romantic desirability. Desirability ratings were due, in part, to estimating lower physical attractiveness (Study 2). Perceivers' own fear of being single moderated effects, such that those higher in fear of being single were not deterred by higher fear of being single. Conclusions Fear of being single may be detectable when online dating, but desirability of detected fear of being single varies depending on perceiver traits and may be driven in part by misperceptions of physical attractiveness. This research sheds light on challenges for those who fear being single as they attempt to attract mates.
Dead-time Effect Compensation of a 5-Level ANPC WBG Inverter for High Power Density Aviation Applications

In this paper, detrimental effects of conventional dead-time based control of multilevel power inverters for high frequency and high power density are analyzed. To mitigate these effects, a compensation technique is proposed based on a voltage-based control. Apparent Switching Frequency Doubling (ASFD) carrier-based pulse-width-modulation (PWM) is considered for the control of a 5-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped (ANPC) II type WBG inverter, and the conventional dead-time and dead-time compensation are applied to this topology. In the conventional dead-time method, since an error of its phase voltage can be generated according to its current direction, the system output can be reduced accordingly and its current total harmonic distortion (iTHD) can also be increased. In addition, the three-phase output voltages have a significant voltage error. The proposed dead-time compensation can significantly improve the current quality by eliminating the error of each phase voltage. Each phase voltage and current distortion were compared and analyzed for the 5-Level ANPC II type WBG inverter with the conventional dead-time and proposed dead-time compensation method. The proposed technique and results were verified through simulation and experiment.
A gift to the Queen of Carbon: A special collection in honor and memory of Mildred Dresselhaus.

Zakya H. Kafafi Jin Zhang Progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology has led to seismic changes and developments in the past few decades. New discoveries and enabling technologies have affected everything from transportation and textiles to agriculture, energy, health, and national security. Mildred Dresselhaus, the first woman ranked Institute Professor at MIT, devoted her entire career to the study of carbon-based nanomaterials (such as fibers, nanotubes, C60, and graphene). This research earned her the title of the “Queen of Carbon.” Her pioneering work was eclipsed only by the breadth of recognition she received. In 2014, then President Barack Obama awarded Millie the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her significant accomplishments and contributions to nanoscience and nanotechnology. Her research, commitment to gender equity in science and engineering, and her sustained efforts to mentor other women inspired many around the world. The special collection (https://www.sciencemag.org/collections/advances/dresselhaus) is a gift from some of her former collaborators and colleagues to honor Millie and her ground-breaking accomplishments. The 13 papers in the collection cover different areas of carbon-based nano- and multifunctional materials. Chemists and materials scientists continue to search for controlled synthesis of …
Current State of Development of Biosensors and Their Application in Foodborne Pathogen Detection.

ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks continue to be a major public health and food safety concern. Testing products promptly can protect consumers from foodborne diseases by ensuring the safety of food before retail distribution. Fast, sensitive, and accurate detection tools are in great demand. Therefore, various approaches have been explored recently to find a more effective way to incorporate antibodies, oligonucleotides, phages, and mammalian cells as signal transducers and analyte recognition probes on biosensor platforms. The ultimate goal is to achieve high specificity and low detection limits (1 to 100 bacterial cells or piconanogram concentrations of toxins). Advancements in mammalian cell-based and bacteriophage-based sensors have produced sensors that detect low levels of pathogens and differentiate live from dead cells. Combinations of biotechnology platforms have increased the practical utility and application of biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens. However, further rigorous testing of biosensors with complex food matrices is needed to ensure the utility of these sensors for point-of-care needs and outbreak investigations. HIGHLIGHTS
Student well-being matters: Academic library support for the whole student

Abstract In response to a marked increase in the prevalence and severity of mental health problems among college students over the last decade, colleges and universities have been expanding their well-being initiatives and programs. No longer limited to health services departments, the support of student well-being has been taken up by multiple campus units, including academic libraries. As well-being has been shown to impact academic outcomes, the well-being initiatives libraries develop fit in with their commitment to enhance learning and student educational experience overall. A comprehensive review of wellness interventions in academic libraries, this article presents findings on student well-being and provides a rationale for institutional responses to the crisis. It describes well-being initiatives across library collections, services, and spaces. It then critiques the trend and includes recommendations for implementing effective and assessable well-being initiatives. The article ends with a brief discussion of library well-being initiatives during COVID-19.