cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distance running in Kenya: athletics labour migration and its consequences

Kenya has established herself as a source of international distance running talent. However, due to the economic inequality and other factors, global migration of athletes is on the increase. One notable example is that of athletes born in Kenya, who have moved abroad to represent other countries. Initially, the trend was to move to the USA, Europe or Japan, but of late the Middle East countries of Qatar and Bahrain have become popular destinations. The purpose of this article is to delve into the Kenyan distance running phenomenon, the migration of athletes and the consequences on some selected athletes using sport labour migration and the typologies of migrant athletes developed by Maguire (1999, Global sport: Individuals, societies, civilizations. Cambridge: Polity Press) and Magee and Sugden (2002, The world at their feet: Professional football and international labor migration. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(4), 421–437) as the conceptual framework. This movement of athletic talent also poses...
A model for the response of seated humans to sinusoidal displacements of the seat.

Abstract A lumped-parameter model of the human body in the sitting position is formulated which includes the head, vertebral column, upper torso, abdomen-thorax viscera, pelvis and legs. The differential equations of motion for the rigid-body representation of the isolated masses were written for nonlinear springs and dashpots which represented the elasticity and damping, respectively, of the physical system. Also included in the equations of motion were coulomb friction forces for modeling sliding surfaces and related muscle contractions in the body, and the ballistocardiographic and diaphragm muscle forces. With all motions restricted to the vertical direction and sinusoidal displacements of the seat as the inputs, excellent agreement with mechanical and subjective experimental responses was achieved. Additionally, in agreement with the frequency dependency of muscle forces, the possibility of frequency dependent damping coefficients was implied.
Subjective Social Status and Maternal Health in a Low Income Urban Population

Appropriate measurement of socioeconomic status (SES) in health research can be problematic. Conventional SES measures based on ‘objective’ indicators such as income, education, or occupation may have questionable validity in certain populations. The objective of this investigation was to determine if a relatively new measurement of SES, subjective social status (SSS), was more consistently and strongly associated with multiple health outcomes for low income mothers. Data available from a large scale community-based study examining maternal and infant health for a low income urban population were used to examine relationships between SSS and a wide range of postpartum physical and emotional health outcomes. Crosstabulations and multivariate analyses focused on the breadth and depth of these relationships; in addition, the relative strength of the relationships between SSS and the health outcomes was compared to that of conventional measures of SES, including both income and education. SSS was significantly related to all physical and emotional health outcomes examined. The overall pattern of findings indicated that these relationships were independent of, as well as more consistent and stronger than, those between conventional measures of SES and postpartum health outcomes. SSS represents an important dimension of the relationship between SES and postpartum physical and emotional health. In low income populations the failure to account for this dimension likely underestimates the influence of SES on postpartum health. This has important implications for the interpretation of findings in empirical studies which seek to control for the effects of SES on maternal health outcomes.
When is a base stock policy optimal in recovering disrupted cyclic schedules

The extended economic lot scheduling problem (EELSP) is concerned with scheduling the production of a set of items in a single facility to minimize the long-run average holding, backlogging, and setup costs. Given an efficient cyclic production schedule for the EELSP, called the target schedule, we consider the problem of how to schedule production after a single schedule disruption. We propose a base stock policy, characterized by a base stock vector, that prescribes producing an item until its inventory level reaches the peak inventory of the target schedule corresponding to the item's position in the production sequence. We show that the base stock policy is always successful in recovering the target schedule. Moreover, the base stock policy recovers the target schedule at minimal excess over average cost whenever the backorder costs are proportional to the processing times. This condition holds, for example, when the value of the items is proportional to their processing times, and a common inventory carrying cost and a common service level is used for all the items. Alternatively, the proportionality condition holds if the inventory manager is willing to select the service levels from a certain set that is large enough to guarantee any minimal level of service, and then uses the imputed values for the backorder costs. When the proportionality condition holds we provide a closed-form expression for the total relevant excess over average cost of recovering the target schedule. We assess the performance of the base stock policy when the proportionality condition does not hold through a numerical study, and suggest some heuristic uses of the base stock policy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On Book-Complete Graph Ramsey Numbers

It is shown that a graph of orderNand average degreedthat does not contain the bookBm=K1+K1, mas a subgraph has independence number at leastNf(d), wheref(x)~(logx/x)(x?∞). From this result we find that the book-complete graph Ramsey number satisfiesr(Bm, Kn)?mn2/log(n/e). It is also shown that for every treeTmwithmedges,r(K1+Tm,Kn)?(2m?1)n2/log(n/e).
Storage of Lactic Streptococci. III. Mobilization of Intracellular Nitrogenous Compounds During Starvation

Abstract Washed cells of Streptococcus lactis 3 were stored for up to 20 days at 4C in 0.05M phosphate buffers at pH 4.5 and 7.5. At pH 7.5, intracellular nitrogenous compounds were mobilized in response to cellular changes. Chemical analysis showed that protein, ribonucleic acid, and pool amino acids decreased as cell viability was maintained. Accumulation of lactic acid in the spent buffers suggested that ribose acted as the energy source, in that cellular carbohydrate levels remained constant throughout the 20 days of storage. At pH 4.5, glycolytic activity of the cells decreased rapidly as storage progressed, and the analyses indicated that endogenous repair mechanisms are inoperative at this pH.
Surgical excision of iris nodules in the management of sarcoid uveitis

Abstract Purpose To illustrate the role of surgical removal of iris nodules (granulomas) in the management of sarcoid uveitis. Study design Two interventional case reports. Methods The authors describe the clinical course of two 10-year-old males with long-standing granulomatous uveitis refractory to medical antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy. Both patients were seen with iris masses, which were excised and biopsied, with findings of sarcoidosis. Main outcome measures Control of ocular inflammation as evidenced by decrease in inflammatory cells in both anterior and posterior chambers. Results On excision of the iris masses, the ocular inflammation was controlled in both patients. Conclusions The authors hypothesize that iris granulomas may not only be products of persistent antigenic stimulation characteristic of sarcoidosis but subsequently become foci of continued cytokine production and ocular inflammation. Total surgical removal of the iris masses may help in the diagnosis and control of sarcoid uveitis refractory to medical management.
Thymidine kinase activity in synchronized HeLa cell cultures.

Abstract Thymidine kinase activity increases in HeLa cells which have been treated with amethopterin to produce a thymidineless state. The addition of thymidine after 16 hours results in a synchronous wave of DNA synthesis during which the enzyme activity continues to increase. After division of the cells this activity drops to the level of logarithmically growing, control cultures.
How do flagella propel bacteria

Abstract When contemplating any biological function, there is an urge to seek and understand it in its simplest form. The subject of this article will be the biological function of locomotion as it exists in the simplest of all cells, namely bacteria.
Age and Gender in Reddit Commenting and Success

Reddit is a large user generated content (USG) website in which users form common interest groups and submit links to external content or text posts of user-created content. The web site operates on a voting system whereby registered users can assign positive or negative ratings to both submitted content and comments made to submitted content. While Reddit is a pseudonymous site, with users creating usernames but providing no biographical data, an informal survey posted to a large shared interest community yielded 734 responses including age and gender of users. This provided a large amount of contextual biographical data with which to analyse user profiles at the first level of Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA), articulated by Susan Herring. The results indi cate that older Reddit users both formulate more complex writing and enjoy more success when rated by other users. Gender data was incomplete and as such only tentative results could be proposed in that regard.
Sphygmomanometry in the pediatric patient

The indirect measurement of blood pressure in the pediatric population is often difficult or impossible to perform and when values are obtained, they are often unreliable or inaccurate. An accurate measurement of arterial systolic pressure in the upper extremity is obtainable with a properly designed and sized occluding cuff and an ultrasonic device to detect the first Korotkoff sound. For the detection of the first Korotkoff sound ultrasonic Doppler devices are superior to the stethoscope. When wider occluding cuffs than usual are applied to the upper extremity, the error of measurement is minimized. A method for accurately measuring end diastolic pressure has yet to be described despite assertions to the contrary.
Transient increase in expression of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs during postnatal development of rat spinal cord.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to be one of the classic neurotransmitters acting as a developmental signal. To understand the role for GABA in development, we investigated the expression of transcripts encoding two forms of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) in the cervical enlargement of the rat spinal cord at successive postnatal days—P0, P7, P14, P21, and P90 (adult)—by using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Cells hybridized with two oligonucleotide probes designed to detect GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs were widely distributed in all laminae, except in motoneurons of the spinal cord. The integrated densities of hybridization signals were measured across all layers of the gray matter. The relative number of GAD mRNA-labeled cells was determined within each of four regions: laminae I–;III, laminae IV–VI, laminae VII and VIII, and lamina X. There was a transient increase in both the integrated density and the relative number of hybridized cells between P7 and P14, after which there was a marked decline to adult levels (lowest). An overall decrease in the number of GAD mRNA-labeled cells was evident in all layers, but a dramatic drop occurred in a subpopulation of cells within ventral portions of the spinal cord. The distribution patterns and postnatal changes in expression of the mRNAs encoding GAD65 and GAD67 were similar and closely paralleled reported changes in the abundance of GAD65 and GAD67 proteins and their product, GABA. Transient increases in GAD mRNA expression during the early postnatal period coincide with, and may be linked to, synapse formation and synapse elimination of the developing spinal cord. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The common factors in fifty-two mental tests

An analysis by Thurstone's centroid method of the intercorrelations of fifty-two tests was carried to ten factors. Included were tests of social intelligence, Philip's attention tests, and Seashore's tests of musical ability. After rotation of axes, the most important factors appeared to pertain to operations conventionally alluded to by the following terms: verbal facility; spatial ability; numerical ability; attention; musical ability; and memory (or memory span). The social intelligence tests proved to be mainly tests of the verbal factor. A factorial sex difference was indicated by the superiority of men in tests of spatial ability.
On the static and kinetic methods of conservative system stability, and Rayleigh's principle: A reexamination

Abstract The relation between the static and kinetic variational methods of the stability of equilibrium analysis of conservative systems and the corresponding static and kinetic Rayleigh's principles is reexamined. Specifically made explicit are the connections between (i) the virtual work principle (for the adjacent equilibrium configuration) and Rayleigh's principle of extremum critical loads and buckled modes, and (ii) Hamilton's principle (for the adjacent non-equilibrium configuration) and Rayleigh's principle of extremum frequencies and mode shapes, through simple familiar examples. These connections are found by considering, in addition to the familiar mode amplitude variations, variations of the load which in turn produce variations in the space (i) and time (ii) domain lengths, respectively; one is thus led to a variable endpoints variational problem (instead of the customary fixed endpoints one) which, by invoking the energetics of these adjacent configurations, is simplified and finally brought to the standard Rayleigh's principle form.
Jockey: guaranteed job latency in data parallel clusters

Data processing frameworks such as MapReduce [8] and Dryad [11] are used today in business environments where customers expect guaranteed performance. To date, however, these systems are not capable of providing guarantees on job latency because scheduling policies are based on fair-sharing, and operators seek high cluster use through statistical multiplexing and over-subscription. With Jockey, we provide latency SLOs for data parallel jobs written in SCOPE. Jockey precomputes statistics using a simulator that captures the job's complex internal dependencies, accurately and efficiently predicting the remaining run time at different resource allocations and in different stages of the job. Our control policy monitors a job's performance, and dynamically adjusts resource allocation in the shared cluster in order to maximize the job's economic utility while minimizing its impact on the rest of the cluster. In our experiments in Microsoft's production Cosmos clusters, Jockey meets the specified job latency SLOs and responds to changes in cluster conditions.
Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy tightly associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence of MPM and its resistance to all therapeutic modalities necessitate an urgent development of new treatments for MPM. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have emerged as promising agents for treating human cancers that are refractory to current chemotherapies. In this study, we characterized MG132, a commonly used PI, for its proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in NCI-H2452 and NCI-H2052 human thoracic MPM cell lines to determine the therapeutic effect of PIs on MPM. We found that as low as 0.5 µM MG132 caused a significant apoptosis in both cell lines as evidenced by DNA damage, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspases 3, 7, and 9, and mitochondrial release of Smac/DIABLO and Cytochrome c. Mitochondrial caspase activation was found to be the underlying mechanism of the MG132-induced apoptosis. Mcl-1, among the Bcl-2 and IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) antiapoptotic family proteins tested, was proved to be a major inhibitor of the MG132-induced apoptosis in MPM cells. Meanwhile, subapoptotic doses of MG132 inhibited the invasion of both MPM cell lines through reducing Rac1 activity. These observations demonstrate that MG132 possesses proapoptotic and anti-invasion activities in human MPM cells, therefore encouraging further investigations on the value of PIs for treating MPM.
Coblation tonsillectomy in children: Incidence of bleeding

Objectives/Hypothesis: To evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rate utilizing the Coblation device for total tonsillectomy in children. Study Design: Prospectively designed clinical study. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained to study patients undergoing Coblation tonsillectomy. Records of all children 1 to 18 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy from April 2003 to April 2010 were reviewed. All children underwent total tonsillectomy utilizing the Coblation device, and the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications were analyzed. The data were also analyzed to determine whether surgeon experience with the technique influenced the bleeding rate. Results: A total of 1,918 patients were evaluated. Intraoperative blood loss was 90% of the patients, with no patients experiencing >20 mL of blood loss. The postoperative bleeding rate was consistent with the literature (n = 87, 4.5%). Of the patients with bleeding following surgery, five (5.7%) experienced primary bleeding and 82 (94.3%) secondary bleeding. Postoperative bleeding that ceased spontaneously and did not require intervention was present in 56 (2.9%). The number of patients who actually required intervention to control postoperative bleeding was 31 (1.6%). The majority of bleeding occurred by postoperative day 7. There was no statistically significant difference in bleeding rates by age, and there was no evidence found to support a surgeon learning curve for performing Coblation tonsillectomy. Conclusions: This study provides further support that Coblation total tonsillectomy in children is a reliable and safe procedure with a relatively low incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.
A novel population of subepithelial platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells in the mouse and human colon.

Recently platelet-derived growth factor-α-positive cells (PDGFRα+ cells), previously called “fibroblast-like” cells, have been described in the muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells form networks and are involved in purinergic motor neurotransduction. Examination of colon from mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven from the endogenous Pdgfra (PDGFRα-eGFP mice) revealed a unique population of PDGFRα+ cells in the mucosal layer of colon. We investigated the phenotype and potential role of these cells, which have not been characterized previously. Expression of PDGFRα and several additional proteins was surveyed in human and murine colonic mucosae by immunolabeling; PDGFRα+ cells in colonic mucosa were isolated from PDGFRα-eGFP mice, and the gene expression profile was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found for the first time that PDGFRα was expressed in subepithelial cells (subepithelial PDGFRα+ cells) forming a pericryptal sheath from the base to the tip of crypts. These cells were in close proximity to the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and distinct from subepithelial myofibroblasts, which were identified by expression of α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin. PDGFRα+ cells also lay in close proximity to varicose processes of nerve fibers. Mouse subepithelial PDGFRα+ cells expressed Toll-like receptor genes, purinergic receptor genes, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 4 receptor gene, and hedgehog signaling genes. Subepithelial PDGFRα+ cells occupy an important niche in the lamina propria and may function in transduction of sensory and immune signals and in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.
1,4,7,10-tetraazatetracyclo[5.5.1.04,13.010,13]tridecane: Degenerate rearrangement of its conjugate acid

Abstract The highly symmetrical 1,4,7,10-tetraazatetracyclo[5.5.1.0 4,13 .0 10,13 ]tridecane ( 1 ) has been synthesized by two methods. The proton NMR spectrum of 1 is analyzed. The cyclic tetraaminomethane derivative undergoes a remarkable series of degenerate prototropic and conformational equilibria. The temperature dependence of the proton NMR spectra of 1 and its conjugate acid 3 are interpreted in terms of a large rate enhancement of intramolecular nucleophilic addition to guanidinium ion 3 (ring-chain tautomerism) compared to its acyclic counterpart.
Choice: The route to community control?

their special concern for low-income students. As Lamar Alexander said, "What we're simply trying to do is give people without money more of the same choices of schools that people with money already have" (quoted in Carnegie Foundation, 1992, p. 3). Numerous commentators have received these promises with incredulity. Even though many current choice proposals target low income families, critics have tended to view this as a strategic means of making choice acceptable to its opponents (Lowe, 1992, p. 30). However, the credibility of choice proposals focusing upon low income groups has been recently bolstered by evidence indicating a growing movement of African American and Latino/a inner city parents favoring choice. Not only do increasing percentages of surveyed inner city parents favor choice, but political movements for choice have featured coalitions of African American and Latino/a parents with Republican choice reformers (Carl, 1996). Thus choice proponents' reassurances that they are concerned with improving the educational circumstances of low income parents have been given a patina of plausibility. The preferences of African American and Latino/a parents are best understood as one aspect
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectra and Torsional Potential Energy Functions of Jet-Cooled 4,4‘-Dimethyl-trans-Stilbene†

The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled 4,4‘-dimethyl-trans-stilbene have been recorded, and the phenyl and methyl internal rotation levels have been assigned for the S0 and the S1(π,π*) electronic states. Dispersed fluorescence spectra and vapor-phase Raman spectra were utilized to help assign the low-frequency vibrations in the electronic ground state. The methyl torsions have energy levels and potential functions very similar to those of m-xylene. The S0 state has V6 = 15 ± 15 cm-1 (negligible barrier), while S1 has V3 = 85 ± 10 cm-1 and V6 = −30 ± 20 cm-1. The barrier to simultaneous internal rotation of the phenyl groups in S0 was found to be 3100 cm-1. This is identical to that of trans-stilbene within experimental error. For the S1 state, the barrier is 3140 cm-1 as compared to 3000 cm-1 for trans-stilbene. The barrier to rotation about the CC bond in the S0 state was estimated to be 41 ± 5 kcal/mol based on one assigned frequency. In the S1 state the trans-twist barrier was...
Diuretics as antiepileptic drugs : should we go with the flow?

Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that certain diuretics may have significant anticonvulsant actions. Potential anticonvulsant mechanisms are discussed in light of the effects of these diuretics on electrolyte balance and synaptic signaling.
The effects of hydride chemistry, particle size, and void fraction on micro fuel cell performance

Abstract This paper explores the effects of fuel chemistry and pellet configuration (void fraction, particle size) on MFC reaction rate and yield. Candidate hydrides were evaluated based on their suitability in a MFC using water vapor-driven hydrolysis, and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ) was selected for evaluation. Hydrogen evolution tests were performed in a hydrolysis reactor with three particle size distributions (5 μm, 20 μm, and 50 μm in mean diameter) and at three initial void fractions (86%, 71%, 43%). Void fraction and particle size are found to affect reaction rates, but have no impact on reaction yields (all were ∼100%) within the range tested. Higher void fraction and smaller particle size are correlated with faster reaction rates. Electrical discharge tests are performed on a MFC at a constant potential of 1.2 V at three particle sizes (5 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm) at a 32% initial void fraction. Tests in the MFC reveal the strong impact of particle sizes on reaction rates, and show that reaction rates decrease with increasing particle size. Reaction yields are lower (90–93%) in the MFC, which is attributed to a small hydrogen leak. The energy density of the MFC is 1003 Wh L −1 , the highest reported to date.
Russell's definite description analysis of production and limitation of phytoplankton species

The majority of phytoplankton species observed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean produce new cells to equal cells lost, if any, to grazing and sinking. At the same time these species must limit new cells to numbers equalling any lost, since their abundance remains about the same in both deep and shallow areas. Of each of these species one may assert: the producer is a limiter (1). One species, coccolithus huxleyi, produces cells to offset any lost in deep water but does not limit, as it drifts into shallow water, new cells to equal the number lost in deep water, since it is more abundant in shallow than in deep water. For C. huxleyi it is true that the producer is not a limiter (2). However, once in the shallows, C. huxleyi is in a steady state, so that nutrient concentration both produces and limits new cells to equal any lost. Thus, (2) converts to (1) by having nutrient concentration the producer and the limiter. “The producer is a limiter” is a covering statement. Asserting it covers all observable species; denying it covers species not observed, those rare species which can only be found by more exhaustive sampling.
Snake parasitism in an urban old-growth forest

Urban-associated changes can have immediate or long-term consequences on animal populations. Such changes may be assessed through parasite prevalence and abun- dance in wildlife hosts, as urbanization can influence parasitism and disease transmission in wildlife. Snakes are widespread and diverse vertebrates that often persist in urban environ- ments; however, parasitism of snakes in urban environments has yet to be studied, leaving the roles of snakes in parasite transmission uncharacterized. Field ecology, microscopy, molecular techniques, and geographic information science (GIS) were integrated to charac- terize parasitism of snakes in an urban old-growth forest park. The species, sex, mass, length, location, and prevalence of ecto-, hemo-, and fecal parasites were determined for 34 snakes of 6 species. Ectoparasites (mite), hemoparasites (Hepatozoon spp.), and fecal para- sites (Entamoeba spp., Trichomonas spp., Strongloides spp., and an unidentified helminth) were detected in snakes and 64.7 % of snakes were infected by at least one of these parasites. Parasite infections were generally not related to the sex, age, or body condition of snakes. The locations of infected snakes were used to produce risk maps indicating where parasite prevalence is predicted to be greatest. The analysis of these maps indicated that snakes with fecal parasites were closer than non-infected snakes to the edge of the forest. This study confirms that snakes may be important parasite hosts or reservoirs in parasite transmission pathways in urban environments and it provides an integrative multidisciplinary approach that may be used to monitor parasitism dynamics in other urban wildlife areas.
Decreased limits of stability in response to postural perturbations in subjects with low back pain.

Background Low back pain is associated with abnormal movement strategies due to changes in neuromuscular control. A plausible contributing factor to low back pain is poor control of trunk muscles, thus understanding motor control alterations in this population can guide rehabilitation. Quantification of postural responses following support surface translations is one way to examine motor control impairments in people with low back pain. Methods Twenty-four healthy subjects [mean 33 (SD 11) years] who had no low back pain and 26 subjects [mean 39 (SD 13) years] with chronic, recurrent low back pain were instructed to stand with feet placed on separate force plates, which were mounted on a moveable platform. The platform was translated unexpectedly in one of 12 directions for a total of 72 trials. For both the sagittal and frontal planes, the net center of pressure displacement was derived and the total body center of mass was calculated by combining kinematic and anthropometric data. Findings For sagittal plane responses, subjects with low back pain had reduced and delayed sagittal plane center of pressure responses (P < 0.01) compared to the subjects without low back pain. In contrast, the sagittal plane center of mass responses were larger in magnitude (P = 0.03) yet similarly delayed in onset (P = 0.04) for the low back pain group. Frontal plane responses did not differ between groups. Interpretation Subjects with low back pain have altered automatic postural coordination, both in terms of magnitude and timing of responses, indicating alterations in neuromuscular control.
Schiff Base Formation in the Development of a Spectrophotometric Assay for Sulfonamides

The reaction between aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes was investigated as the basis of a spectrophotometric assay for sulfonamides. Those properties of the equilibrium reaction which affect the absorptimetric properties of the system were studied to evaluate the method. The effects of pH, ionic strength, concentration of aldehyde, solvent system, and temperature were determined. The method was applied to the determination of sulfanilamide, sulfadimethoxine, and succinylsulfathiazole, and comparative analyses were performed with the method of Bratton and Marshall. The low absorbance method of precision spectrophotometry was employed in the determination of microgram quantities of sulfanilamide.
Anti-phlogistic and immunocompetent effects of acupuncture treatment in women suffering from chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.

Thirty-nine women of reproductive age suffering from chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) for at least two years, previously treated pharmacologically with no effect, were enrolled in a four-week therapeutic protocol consisting of 12 acupuncture treatments performed with the frequency of three per week. In each female patient at baseline and after the study, pain score and the following parameters in blood serum were evaluated: concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumins, α1-globulins, α2-globulins and γ-globulins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell (WBC) count. During the study, we obtained a significant drop in ESR and IgM levels together with a rise in γ-globulin concentrations. A significant decrease (from 4.89 ± 0.82 to 0.63 ± 1.05) in pain score was obtained. The other parameters remained unchanged. These results suggest that acupuncture treatment of PID exhibits a clear anti-inflammatory and immunocompetent effect.
Differential associations between schizotypy facets and emotion traits.

Although emotional deficits in schizotypy have been reported, the exact nature of these deficits is not well understood. The goal of the current research was to further differentiate possible emotion deficits in schizotypy. In the current study, individuals with elevated social anhedonia (SocAnh; n = 54) and elevated perceptual aberration/magical ideation (PerMag; n = 27) were compared to control participants (n = 304) on measures of attention to either positive or negative affect, level of anticipatory versus consummatory pleasure, and on the influence of negative mood on judgment of future risk. SocAnh was associated with decreased attention to positive emotions. At the same time, SocAnh was associated with both decreased anticipatory and decreased consummatory pleasure. In addition, in contrast to the other groups, there was no association in the SocAnh group between current negative mood and performance on a judgment task. In contrast to SocAnh, PerMag was associated with increased attention to negative emotions. Overall, these results suggest that SocAnh is associated with decreased attention to and experience of positive emotions and that PerMag is associated with increased attention to negative emotions.
Improving protection for human research subjects: better oversight, not just more oversight.

The explosion in clinical research that has occurred over the past decades has raised many serious concerns regarding the protection of the human subjects who are involved in the myriad trials now ...
Electron-Alkali-Atom Scattering—A Nonadiabatic Approach

The nonadiabatic method of Temkin which has been applied to electron-hydrogen scattering is generalized to the problem of electron-alkali scattering. A two-body equation is derived in which the core of the atom has the principal effect of modifying the two-body interaction and of excluding the two extra-core electrons from the occupied states of the core. This equation may be viewed as a generalization of the Bethe-Goldstone equation for the problem of scattering from a finite system.
Periodic points and subsystems of second-order arithmetic

Abstract We study the formalization within sybsystems of second-order arithmetic of theorems concerning periodic points in dynamical systems on the real line. We show that Sharkovsky's theorem is provable in WKL0. We show that, with an additional assumption, Sharkovsky's theorem is provable in RCA0. We show that the existence for all n of n-fold iterates of continuous mappings of the closed unit interval into itself is equivalent to the disjunction of Σ02 induction and weak Konig's lemma.
The Valuation of Hidden Assets in Foreign Transactions: Why “Dark Matter” Matters

This paper clarifies how the valuation of hidden assets—what we call “dark matter”—changes our assessment of the U.S. external imbalance. Dark matter assets are defined as the capitalized value of the return privilege obtained by U.S. assets. Because this return privilege has been steady over recent decades, it is likely to persist in the future or even to increase, as it becomes leveraged by an increasingly globalized world. Once this is included in future projections of U.S. current accounts, the U.S. external position looks much more balanced than depicted in official statistics.
The human parainfluenza virus type-1 prototypic strain contains a heat-labile hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.

Abstract The virus yield of human parainfluenza virus type-1 (hPIV-1) in cultured cells at 38°C is reduced more than 100-fold compared to 34°C, while the virus yield of Sendai virus (SV, Enders strain), a murine parainfluenza virus type-1 with high homology to hPIV-1 was almost equal at both temperatures. To understand the basis for the differences in the temperature growth characteristics of the two viruses, we examined the heat-stability of hPIV-1 and SV glycoproteins expressed from cDNAs by pulse-chase experiments. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of hPIV-1 was stable after a 6-h chase at 34°C, while at 38°C prominent protein degradation was observed starting at 3 h chase and by 6 h HN was reduced by 65%. In contrast, SV HN protein was stable at both 34 and 38°C. The other hPIV-1 glycoprotein, the fusion (F) protein was stable at both temperatures. To identify the amino acids which are responsible for the heat-lability of hPIV-1 HN, mutant HN proteins were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutant hPIV-1 HN which had substitutions at positions 461 and 462 became heat-stable at 38°C. These data indicate amino acids around 461 are responsible for the heat-lability of the wild type hPIV-1 HN protein and the reduced yield of the virus at 38°C.
Atomic force microscopy of acid effects on dentin

Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used in the examination of the early stages of acid treatment of dentin. Disks of highly polished dentin were initially examined under deionized water and following exposure to 0.025 M nitric acid for 20 s intervals from 0–100 s. Peritubular depth changes were linear (0.005 μm/s). The intertubular dentin surface initially moved at approximately 1 2 the peritubular rate and then reached a plateau as the demineralized collagen scaffold collapsed. There was no apparent difference in the tubule center-to-center distance during the treatment. Differences in the movement and morphology of the zones are of importance in dentin bonding applications relying on penetration of the demineralized dentin by adhesive monomers. The changes are probably related to the partial collapese of the collagen matrix. Alternatively, access to the apetite crystals and solubility may be higher in the peritubular zone. AFM appears to hold exceptional promise for the study of conditioning and priming agents for dentin bonding.
Cyclic AMP levels and turnover during development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Changes in intracellular and extracellular cAMP levels are reported for the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum during its development on filter supports. Examined were axenically and bacterially grown strain A3 and bacterially grown NC-4. In each case a major peak in cAMP occurred during aggregation. In addition, axenically grown A3 showed minor rises in cAMP at 16 hr and during culmination; in contrast, NC-4 showed no increase at 16 hr but gave a very large increase at culmination. Both cell-associated phosphodiesterase and the extracellular phosphodiesterase present in the top filter were measured throughout development. Both showed activity peaks during aggregation with much lower plateau values thereafter. At aggregation about 80% of the activity per filter was contributed by the cell-associated phosphodiesterase. The rate of cAMP turnover during aggregation was estimated by following the hydrolysis of applied [ 3 H]cAMP. A minimum rate of about 7% turnover/sec was obtained. From this turnover rate a minimum value for the stimulated activity of the adenylate cyclase was estimated as 224 pmoles/min-mg. Although this level is already over threefold greater than the highest value obtained in vitro , other experiments indicate that the in vivo adenylate cyclase activity may exceed 700 pmoles/min-mg.
Individualized behavior therapy for alcoholics: a third year independent double-blind follow-up.

Abstract An independently conducted double-blind study providing third year follow-up data for 53 of 70 male alcoholics who served as subjects in an experiment evaluating “Individualized Behavior Therapy (IBT)” techniques is reported. In the original study, subjects were initially assigned to either a controlled drinking or non-drinking (abstinence) treatment goal, and were then randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving IBT or a control group receiving conventional state hospital treatment oriented towards abstinence. Previously reported results showed that IBT subjects functioned significantly better than control subjects throughout the first year of follow-up. Second year follow-up results found that IBT subjects treated with a controlled drinking goal functioned significantly better than their respective control subjects on a variety of measures, including drinking behavior. Differences between IBT subjects treated with a non-drinking goal and their control subjects did not retain statistical significance during the second year of follow-up. The independently determined follow-up data showed that during the third post-treatment year, subjects in the experimental groups generally functioned better than their respective control subjects. Comparison of the controlled drinking experimental group with its control group showed the significantly better functioning of subjects in the experimental condition on a number of drinking and other life functioning measures. Comparison of the non-drinking groups indicated only one possible difference on the drinking related measures involving a trend for subjects in the experimental condition to abstain more than those in the non-drinker control group. On other life functioning measures, however, subjects in the non-drinking experimental condition showed consistent improvement over their respective control subjects. Both of the controlled drinking groups reported more controlled drinking days than the non-drinking groups throughout the third year follow-up period.
Abstract 2436: Fibroblast growth factor receptor blockade in prostate cancer bone metastases.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Castrate-resistant progression and bone metastases (BM) are hallmarks of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) for which there is no definitive cure. We previously reported that human PCa BM highly express fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9 (J Clin Invest. 2008;118:2697). We now discovered that human PCa xenografts growing in the bone of mice induce bone cells to express components of the FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR) complex, Fgfr1, Fgfr2 and Fgf-2, as assessed by mouse-specific RT-PCR in bone bearing MDA PCa 118b tumors and in the contralateral bone (P 20 weeks in a subset of patients (∼25%). Dovitinib inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1-3, with IC50s (∼10 nM) similar to those of FGFR1-3. To assess the relative antitumor activity of FGFR blockade (with respect to VEGFR), we tested a TKI, AZD4547 (AstraZeneca), which inhibits FGFR1-3 (IC50s <3 nM) but not VEGFRs. We found that AZD4547 had antitumor activity against MDA PCa 118b bone tumors and reduces the volume of normal bones and of FGFR1 expression in tumor-associated bone cells (P<0.001). Accordingly, we observed a decrease in the blood levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase of men enrolled in the dovitinib trial, and this reduction was associated with the time men remained on treatment (P=0.035) (eg, those who benefited from treatment). No association was found between PSA blood levels or urinary N-telopeptides and response to therapy. Finally, we found that PCa cells and/or osteoblasts express FGFR1 in a fraction of human PCa BM (assessed by immunohistochemistry). We conclude that dovitinib therapy benefits a subset (∼25%) of men with PCa BM and that FGFR blockade contributes to this antitumor effect, at least partially, by blockade of FGFR-mediated PCa-bone cross talk. Ongoing studies focused on further understanding the mechanism of this antitumor activity will help identify likely responders and elucidate FGF signaling interaction with other candidate targets (eg, AR, c-Met, IGF, Src, VEGF). Citation Format: Xinhai Wan, Paul Corn, Jun Yang, Eleni Efstathiou, Elsa M. Li Ning Tapia, Fen Wang, Wallace McKeehan, Christopher Logothetis, Patricia Troncoso, Nora M. Navone. Fibroblast growth factor receptor blockade in prostate cancer bone metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2436. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2436 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00831792&atom=%2Fcanres%2F73%2F8_Supplement%2F2436.atom
Protein-passivated Fe3O4 nanoparticles: low toxicity and rapid heating for thermal therapy

Thermotherapy is a promising technique for the minimally invasive elimination of solid tumors. Here we report the fabrication of protein-coated iron oxide NPs (12 nm core) for use as thermal therapeutic agents. These albumin-passivated NPs are stable under physiological conditions, with rapid heating and cell killing capacity upon alternating magnetic field (AMF) exposure. The mode of action is specific: no measurable cytotoxicity was observed for the particle without AMF or for AMF exposure without the particle.
Sustaining Latina Student Organizations An Exploratory Instrumental Case Study

Utilizing the exploratory case study methodology, the author examines the conditions that support and limit a Latina-based student organization at a predominately White institution of higher education. Seven organizational structures were found to influence the organization’s ability to advance its aims, from interviews, documents, observations, and focus groups with students and university personnel. Implications for future researchers, student affairs administrators, and university policy makers are discussed.
Identity-based attack detection in mobile wireless networks

Identity-based attacks (IBAs) are one of the most serious threats to wireless networks. Recently, received signal strength (RSS) based detection mechanisms were proposed to detect IBAs in static networks. Although mobility is an inherent property of wireless networks, limited work has addressed IBA detection in mobile scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel RSS based technique, Reciprocal Channel Variation-based Identification (RCVI), to detect IBAs in mobile wireless networks. RCVI takes advantage of the location decorrelation, randomness, and reciprocity of the wireless fading channel to decide if all packets come from a single sender or more. If the packets are only coming from the genuine sender, the RSS variations reported by the sender should be correlated with the receiver's observations. Otherwise, the correlation should be degraded, then an attack can be flagged. We evaluate RCVI through theoretical analysis, and validate it through experiments using off-the-shelf 802.11 devices under different attacking patterns in real indoor and outdoor mobile scenarios. We show that RCVI can detect IBAs with a high probability even when the attacker is half a meter away from the genuine user.
Additive Functions on Arithmetic Progressions with Large Moduli

In this chapter I study the behaviour of additive functions f(n) on short arithmetic progressions which have large differences. I shall make essential use of these results in the next chapter.
The Covariance of the Frequency of a Narrowband Gaussian Random Process

The mean and covariance of the instantaneous frequency of a narrowband, zero-mean, stationary, Gaussian random process are found when the quadrature components of the process are identically distributed. When the quadrature components are stationary and statistically independent, the mean and covariance expressions are identical to well-known expressions.