cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comorbid predictors of poor response to chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To investigate whether a correlation exists between medical comorbidities and disease control following primary therapy of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Study Design: Retrospective medical record review. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma between 1997 and 2011. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 (ACE 27) index was used to evaluate severity of comorbid health. Ten-year disease-free survival rates and median disease-free intervals were calculated, and significant associations between disease recurrence and comorbid factors were determined using the log-rank test. Independent significant risk factors for disease recurrence were determined with the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Of the 181 patients identified, 121 were treated nonsurgically with either primary radiotherapy (XRT) (49%) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (51%). Sixty patients (50%) experienced recurrence of their disease. The 10-year disease-free survival rate was 23.8%, and the median disease-free survival was 58 months (95% confidence interval, 12-108 months). Factors observed to be significantly associated with recurrence within 10 years after treatment were renal disease (P < .01), pulmonary disease (P < .01), malnutrition (P < .01), T size (P < .01), stage (P = .02), and ACE 27 Index (P < .01). Independent significant risk factors for recurrence were malnutrition (P < .01), T stage (P = .01), and ACE 27 (P < .01). Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.43 for T stage, 2.58 for ACE 27, and 2.15 for malnutrition. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that there is a significant association between increased comorbidity and recurrent disease in laryngeal carcinoma treated with XRT/CRT. The consideration of comorbid health in primary treatment planning may improve the success and survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Information Integration for Situation Awareness

The Air Force Research Laboratory continues to investigate technologies for improved situational awareness (SA) by developing a testbed for evaluating SA concepts and capabilities. Information Integration for Situational Awareness (IISA) is a collaborative framework that allows distributed, disparate users and resources to create and share a common understanding of the battlespace. The foundation of this framework is a message-oriented middleware that serves as an information repository and provides publish and subscribe services to push information to clients that require it. IISA clients plug into the framework via interfaces defined by Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema, thus providing loose coupling and ease of integration. IISA envisions a wide variety of clients, both automated and user-based, to collect, refine, and distribute battlespace information. Clients connect realworld systems to IISA, including elements of command and control (C2) and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). IISA leverages modeling and simulation technologies to stimulate the testbed with synthetic battlefield information in the absence of realworld systems. The first phase of IISA development has been demonstrated in the context of an operations other than war (OOTW) scenario involving counter-insurgency operations in an urban setting. Key features of this phase of development include a flexible map viewer client and a simulation gateway. This baseline serves as a point of departure for continuing research in areas such as machine-to-machine process automation, adversarial modeling and prediction, and information distribution from unattended ground sensors (UGS). The ongoing development of IISA promises valuable lessons to support key initiatives such as predictive battlespace awareness and effects-based operations.
Quality Competition, Insurance, and Consumer Choice in Health Care Markets

In this model, insurance offering a choice of hospitals is valued because consumers are uncertain which hospital they will prefer ex post. A competitive insurance market facilitates tacit price collusion between hospitals; high margins induce hospitals to compete for customers through overinvestment in quality. Incentives may exist to lock in market share via managed-care plans with less choice and lower prices. As technology becomes more expensive, the market increasingly offers too little choice. A pure managed care market may emerge, with underinvestment in quality. Relative to a pure insurance regime, however, all consumers are better off under managed care.
Coincident Presence of Thyro-gastric Autoimmunity at Onset of Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes

We have determined thyroid microsomal and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies in 972 patients with onset of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes before age 20 years. In a cross sectional study, the frequencies of these autoantibodies did not change significantly over the ensuing 20 years following diagnosis of diabetes. In a longitudinal study of 424 patients with Type 1 diabetes followed up to 5.3 years, few new patients with thyro-gastric autoantibodies were identified. Whereas the frequencies of these autoantibodies among the diabetic patients were more than fivefold greater than for age, sex and race matched controls, they resembled those seen in the non-diabetic general population (n=1524) for the over 60 year age group. We conclude that in patients with thyrogastric autoantibodies and Type 1 diabetes, the onset of autoimmune processes affecting the thyroid, gastric mucosa and pancreatic islets tend to be simultaneous, although the resultant diseases have different natural histories.
NANO-TRIBOLOGY OF A POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TRANSFER FILMS USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION AND MICROTRIBOMETRY

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a well known solid lubricant and polymer nanocomposites based on PTFE are considered to be promising materials for tribological applications in space. Like other polymer materials, many properties of PTFE depend on morphology. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to examine the effect of chain configuration on the frictional behavior of PTFE at the molecular level and compared to microtribological studies on aligned transfer films of PTFE.
Classification of power quality disturbances using time-frequency ambiguity plane and neural networks

Identification and classification of voltage and current disturbances in power systems is an important task in power system monitoring and protection. This paper presents a new approach for classifying the events that represent or lead to the degradation of power quality. The concept of ambiguity plane together with modified Fisher's Discriminant Ratio Kernel is used for feature extraction. A neural network with feedforward structure is chosen as the classifier. The results of extensive simulations confirm the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. This novel combination of methods shows promise for further development of a fully automated power quality monitoring system. The potential of developing a more powerful fuzzy classification method based on this algorithm is also discussed.
Supersonic Jet Screech Tone Cancellation

A new method of supersonic jet screech tone reduction is presented. The method utilizes a sound reflecting surface positioned upstream of the nozzle exit a distance of one-quarter wavelength of the fundamental screech tone. The reflector establishes a standing wave pattern of acoustic waves with a node at the nozzle exit plane. The pressure minimum at the exit halts the screech tone feedback mechanism. Experimental results indicate that the method eliminates supersonic jet screech as effectively as the currently accepted technique using an intrusive tab, but without distortion of the jet flow. The change in shock cell spacing, which occurs with an intrusive tab, does not occur when screech is cancelled with the new technique. The broadband shock-associated noise is also influenced much less when the jet screech tones are eliminated by the new method.
Performance comparison of multiple-symbol differential detection and optimum combining

The performance of multiple symbol differential detection (MSDD) over Rayleigh diversity channels and in the presence of cochannel interference is compared with that of optimum combining (OC). For this purpose, we derive the asymptotic expressions for the approximate upper bound of the bit error probability of MSDD for multiple phase shift keying modulation. Similar asymptotic expressions are derived for OC. These relatively simple expressions provide a clear insight into the performance of MSDD and OC. Through analysis and simulation results, we show that as the observation interval increases, the performance of MSDD approaches that of OC (with differential encoding).
Production: A dynamic challenge: What's needed is flexibility ¿ The ability to manufacture efficiently a constantly changing variety of products. The computer makes it possible

Discusses the concept of computerised flexible manufacturing systems. Three case histories are described.
The Caulobacter crescentus CgtA Protein Displays Unusual Guanine Nucleotide Binding and Exchange Properties

The Caulobacter crescentus CgtA protein is a member of the Obg-GTP1 subfamily of monomeric GTP-binding proteins. In vitro, CgtA specifically bound GTP and GDP but not GMP or ATP. CgtA bound GTP and GDP with moderate affinity at 30 degrees C and displayed equilibrium binding constants of 1.2 and 0.5 microM, respectively, in the presence of Mg(2+). In the absence of Mg(2+), the affinity of CgtA for GTP and GDP was reduced 59- and 6-fold, respectively. N-Methyl-3'-O-anthranoyl (mant)-guanine nucleotide analogs were used to quantify GDP and GTP exchange. Spontaneous dissociation of both GDP and GTP in the presence of 5 to 12 mM Mg(2+) was extremely rapid (k(d) = 1.4 and 1.5 s(-1), respectively), 10(3)- to 10(5)-fold faster than that of the well-characterized eukaryotic Ras-like GTP-binding proteins. The dissociation rate constant of GDP increased sevenfold in the absence of Mg(2+). Finally, there was a low inherent GTPase activity with a single-turnover rate constant of 5.0 x 10(-4) s(-1) corresponding to a half-life of hydrolysis of 23 min. These data clearly demonstrate that the guanine nucleotide binding and exchange properties of CgtA are different from those of the well-characterized Ras-like GTP-binding proteins. Furthermore, these data are consistent with a model whereby the nucleotide occupancy of CgtA is controlled by the intracellular levels of guanine nucleotides.
Meta-analyses of multiple myeloma and farming

A series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies of multiple myeloma (MM) and farming were performed, using 32 studies published between 1981 and 1996. Prior to the meta-analyses, all studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. A random-effects meta-analysis including all of the studies yielded an estimator of relative risk equal to 1.23, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.14, 1.32. The estimator of relative risk obtained from a meta-analysis restricted to female farmers was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.17, 1.29). A third meta-analysis restricted to studies of farmers residing in the central United States resulted in an estimator of relative risk equal to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.27, 1.51). These findings were not influenced by either a publication bias or a specific study design. The consistent significant positive findings suggest that there is an association between MM and farming. Exposures commonly experienced by farmers and that might contribute to the occurrence of MM include infectious microorganisms, solvents and pesticides.
Improving the performance of a slotted ALOHA packet radio network with an adaptive array

The use of an adaptive antenna array as a means of improving the performance of a slotted ALOHA packet radio network is presented. An adaptive array creates a strong capture effect at a packet radio terminal by automatically steering the receiver antenna pattern toward one packet and nulling other contending packets in a slot. A special code preamble and randomized arrival times within each slot allow the adaptive array to lock onto one packet in each slot. The throughput and delay performance of a network with an adaptive array are computed by applying the standard Markov chain analysis of slotted ALOHA. It is shown that throughput levels comparable to carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) are attainable with an adaptive array without the need for stations to be able to hear each other. The performance depends primarily on the number of adaptive array nulls, the array resolution, and the length of the randomization interval within each slot. >
Expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reduces cell-wall polysaccharide concentration and increases xylose content in alfalfa stems

The primary cell-wall matrix of most higher plants is composed of large amounts of uronic acids, primarily D-galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of pectic polysaccharides. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)—glucose dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of uronic acids. We produced transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants expressing a soybean UDP—glucose dehydrogenase cDNA under the control of two promoters active in alfalfa vascular tissues. In initial greenhouse experiments, enzyme activity in transgenic lines was up to seven-fold greater than in nontransformed control plants; however, field-grown transgenic plants had only a maximum of 1.9-fold more activity than the control. Cell-wall polysaccharide content was lower and Klason lignin content was higher in transgenics compared to the nontransformed control. No significant increase in pectin or uronic acids in the polysaccharide fraction was observed in any line. Xylose increased 15% in most transgenic lines and mannose concentration decreased slightly in all lines. Because of the complexity of pectic polysaccharides and sugar biosynthesis, it may be necessary to manipulate multiple steps in carbohydrate metabolism to alter the pectin content of alfalfa.
Investing in advanced materials: A market-driven methodology

Abstract This study proposes a market-driven methodology for investing in materials innovation. This methodology is the counterpart of a technology-driven methodology, the investment methodology for materials (IMM) proposed in 2005. The two methodologies complement each other in guiding materials investment in the early stages of innovation. This methodology consists of three modules (market, technology, and commercial) and 12 elements in the three modules. An overview of each element is provided, as are the associations between and among them. Furthermore, two unique challenges of materials makers in implementing a market-driven approach are highlighted: 1) materials makers are located upstream in the value chain, and 2) process innovation is a key constituent of materials innovation. A case study is provided to clarify the methodology for practitioners.
DIVERSITY UNDER THE BIPOLAR UMBRELLA

Two archaeologists, one who works in the New World and one who works in the Old World, provide comments on bipolar technology as explored through the articles submitted to this special issue of Lithic Technology edited by Justin Pargeter and Hilary Duke.
Adjoining a universal inner inverse to a ring element

Abstract Let R be an associative unital algebra over a field k , let p be an element of R , and let R ′ = R 〈 q | p q p = p 〉 . We obtain normal forms for elements of R ′ , and for elements of R ′ -modules arising by extension of scalars from R -modules. The details depend on where in the chain p R ∩ R p ⊆ p R ∪ R p ⊆ p R + R p ⊆ R the unit 1 of R first appears. This investigation is motivated by a hoped-for application to the study of the possible forms of the monoid of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective modules over a von Neumann regular ring; but that goal remains distant. We end with a normal form result for the algebra obtained by tying together a k -algebra R given with a nonzero element p satisfying 1 ∉ p R + R p and a k -algebra S given with a nonzero q satisfying 1 ∉ q S + S q , via the pair of relations p = p q p , q = q p q .
Tailoring Molecular Specificity Toward a Crystal Facet: a Lesson From Biorecognition Toward Pt{111}

Surfactants with preferential adsorption to certain crystal facets have been widely employed to manipulate morphologies of colloidal nanocrystals, while mechanisms regarding the origin of facet selectivity remain an enigma. Similar questions exist in biomimetic syntheses concerning biomolecular recognition to materials and crystal surfaces. Here we present mechanistic studies on the molecular origin of the recognition toward platinum {111} facet. By manipulating the conformations and chemical compositions of a platinum {111} facet specific peptide, phenylalanine is identified as the dominant motif to differentiate {111} from other facets. The discovered recognition motif is extended to convert nonspecific peptides into {111} specific peptides. Further extension of this mechanism allows the rational design of small organic molecules that demonstrate preferential adsorption to the {111} facets of both platinum and rhodium nanocrystals. This work represents an advance in understanding the organic–inorganic i...
Effect of Feeding Rate on Growth of Eel Anguilla mossambica Juveniles

A growth experiment was conducted at weter temperature of 30 ℃ to determine the optimum feeding rate of eel Anguilla mossambica juveniles with body weight of 0.73 g.The juveniles were fed at five feeding rates from 5.5% to 8.5%(1% increments) for 30 days.The results showed that the relative weight gain rate,specific growth rate and food conversion efficiency were significantly(P0.01) affected by all feeding rates.It was found that 7.5% was of the optimum feeding rate for the eel juveniles.
Transforming for the Future: The New Economic Driver for the Las Vegas Tourism Industry

ii List of Figures iii Part One Introduction 1 Purpose Statement 3 Statement of Problem 3 Justifications 4 Constraints 5 Part Two Introduction 6 Tourism Transformation 6 Transformation Theory 10 Time Concept 12 Spatial Concept 13 Structure Concept 14 Institution Concept 16 A Brief History of Las Vegas’ Economy 18 The Origin 18 The Era of Mega-Resorts & Integrated Resorts 20 The Downturn and Recovery 22 The New Economic Driver 24 Conclusion 28 Definition of Terms 29 Part Three Introduction 30 Results 30 A Mining Town to A Gaming Destination (1930s – 1950s) 31 Diversification of Economic Structures (1950s – 1980s) 32 A Gaming Destination to A Multi-dimensional Tourist Attraction (1980s – 2000s) 33 Recommendations 36 Conclusion 37 References 38
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis does not explain the intra-administration hyperthermic sign-reversal induced by serial administrations of 60% nitrous oxide to rats

Initial administration of ≥60% nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats promotes hypothermia primarily by increasing whole-body heat loss. We hypothesized that the drug promotes heat loss via the tail and might initially inhibit thermogenesis via brown adipose tissue (BAT), major organs of thermoregulation in rodents. Following repeated administrations, N2O inhalation evokes hyperthermia underlain by increased whole-body heat production. We hypothesized that elevated BAT thermogenesis plays a role in this thermoregulatory sign reversal. Using dual probe telemetric temperature implants and infrared (IR) thermography, we assessed the effects of nine repeated 60% N2O administrations compared to control (con) administrations on core temperature, BAT temperature, lumbar back temperature and tail temperature. Telemetric core temperature, telemetric BAT temperature, and IR BAT temperature were reduced significantly during initial 60% N2O inhalation (p≤0.001 compared to con). IR thermography revealed that acute N2O administration unexpectedly reduced tail temperature (p=0.0001) and also inhibited IR lumbar temperature (p<0.0001). In the 9th session, N2O inhalation significantly increased telemetric core temperature (p=0.007) indicative of a hyperthermic sign reversal, yet compared to control administrations, telemetric BAT temperature (p=0.86), IR BAT temperature (p=0.85) and tail temperature (p=0.47) did not differ significantly. Thus, an initial administration of 60% N2O at 21°C may promote hypothermia via reduced BAT thermogenesis accompanied by tail vasoconstriction as a compensatory mechanism to limit body heat loss. Following repeated N2O administrations rats exhibit a hyperthermic core temperature but a normalized BAT temperature, suggesting induction of a hyperthermia-promoting thermogenic adaptation of unknown origin.
Evolving changes in disease biomarkers and risk of early progression in smoldering multiple myeloma

We studied 190 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) at our institution between 1973 and 2014. Evolving change in monoclonal protein level (eMP) was defined as ⩾10% increase in serum monoclonal protein (M) and/or immunoglobulin (Ig) (M/Ig) within the first 6 months of diagnosis (only if M-protein ⩾3 g/dl) and/or ⩾25% increase in M/Ig within the first 12 months, with a minimum required increase of 0.5 g/dl in M-protein and/or 500 mg/dl in Ig. Evolving change in hemoglobin (eHb) was defined as ⩾0.5 g/dl decrease within 12 months of diagnosis. A total of 134 patients (70.5%) progressed to MM over a median follow-up of 10.4 years. On multivariable analysis adjusting for factors known to predict for progression to MM, bone marrow plasma cells ⩾20% (odds ratio (OR)=3.37 (1.30–8.77), P=0.013), eMP (OR=8.20 (3.19–21.05), P<0.001) and eHb (OR=5.86 (2.12–16.21), P=0.001) were independent predictors of progression within 2 years of SMM diagnosis. A risk model comprising these variables was constructed, with median time to progression of 12.3, 5.1, 2.0 and 1.0 years among patients with 0–3 risk factors respectively. The 2-year progression risk was 81.5% in individuals who demonstrated both eMP and eHb, and 90.5% in those with all three risk factors.
EXAMINING PARENTS’ ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT STYLES AND DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES

Evidence has suggested that parental romantic attachment style and depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to experiences of caregiving (Creswell, Apetroaia, Murray, & Cooper, 2013; Jones, Cassidy, & Shaver, 2014; Lovejoy, Graczyk, O'Hare, & Neuman, 2000), but more research is necessary to clarify the nature of these relations, particularly in the context of attachment-salient events such as reunions. In a cross-sectional study of 150 parents of children ages 1 to 3 years, we assessed participants' attachment styles (self-reported anxiety and avoidance) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participants generated a narrative describing their most recent reunion with their child, which we coded for caregiving outcomes of negative emotion and secure base script content. Attachment style and depressive and anxiety symptoms separately predicted each caregiving outcome. Depressive and anxiety symptoms mediated the associations between attachment style and caregiving outcomes. These results suggest that parental attachment insecurity and depressive and anxiety symptoms contribute to negative emotion and reduced secure base script content. Further, depressive and anxiety symptomatology partially accounts for the relation between attachment insecurity and caregiving outcomes, suggesting that parental mental health is a critical point for intervention.
Use of the Escherichia coli Identification Microarray for Characterizing the Health Risks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Foods.

ABSTRACT More than 470 serotypes of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been identified, but not all cause severe illness in humans. Most STEC that cause severe diseases can adhere to epithelial cells, produce specific stx subtypes, and belong to certain serotypes; therefore, these traits appear to be critical STEC risk factors. However, testing for these traits is labor intensive, and serotyping is inadequate because of extensive variations among E. coli O and H antigen types. In the present study, the E. coli identification microarray, which tests for over 40,000 E. coli gene targets, was examined for its potential to quickly characterize STEC strains. Analysis of 47 E. coli isolates, including 31 STEC isolates, recovered from 39 foods revealed that the microarray effectively determined the presence or absence of adherence genes and identified the specific eae allele in 3 isolates. The array identified most of the stx subtypes carried by all the isolates but had some difficulties in disce...
Plant-inspired adaptive structures and materials for morphing and actuation: a review

Plants exhibit a variety of reversible motions, from the slow opening of pine cones to the impulsive closing of Venus flytrap leaves. These motions are achieved without muscles and they have inspired a wide spectrum of engineered materials and structures. This review summarizes the recent developments of plant-inspired adaptive structures and materials for morphing and actuation. We begin with a brief overview of the actuation strategies and physiological features associated to these plant movements, showing that different combinations of these strategies and features can lead to motions with different deformation characteristics and response speeds. Then we offer a comprehensive survey of the plant-inspired morphing and actuation systems, including pressurized cellular structures, osmotic actuation, anisotropic hygroscopic materials, and bistable systems for rapid movements. Although these engineered systems are vastly different in terms of their size scales and intended applications, their working principles are all related to the actuation strategies and physiological features in plants. This review is to promote future cross-disciplinary studies between plant biology and engineering, which can foster new solutions for many applications such as morphing airframes, soft robotics and kinetic architectures.
Company–Nonprofit Partnerships, Negative Spillover, and Response Strategies

ABSTRACTThis study explored whether, in the context of a company–nonprofit partnership, there are negative spillover effects when a crisis strikes a partner organization and what effective response strategies to such a crisis would be for the principal organization. We conducted an online experiment (N = 445) with a 2 (duration of partnership: long-term vs. short-term) × 4 (response strategy: denial, ending partnership, continuing partnership, vs. no response) between-subject design, with two no-crisis control groups. The results confirmed the existence of negative spillover effects; when respondents were exposed to crisis information about a partner organization, their attitude toward the principal organization became less favorable. We found that, regardless of the partnership’s duration, announcing a decision about the partnership—either ending the partnership or continuing the partnership—was not effective in restoring the principal organization’s image. Denial strategies, however, significantly impro...
Natural Language Insights from Code Reviews that Missed a Vulnerability

Engineering secure software is challenging. Software development organizations leverage a host of processes and tools to enable developers to prevent vulnerabilities in software. Code reviewing is one such approach which has been instrumental in improving the overall quality of a software system. In a typical code review, developers critique a proposed change to uncover potential vulnerabilities. Despite best efforts by developers, some vulnerabilities inevitably slip through the reviews. In this study, we characterized linguistic features—inquisitiveness, sentiment and syntactic complexity—of conversations between developers in a code review, to identify factors that could explain developers missing a vulnerability. We used natural language processing to collect these linguistic features from 3,994,976 messages in 788,437 code reviews from the Chromium project. We collected 1,462 Chromium vulnerabilities to empirically analyze the linguistic features. We found that code reviews with lower inquisitiveness, higher sentiment, and lower complexity were more likely to miss a vulnerability. We used a Naive Bayes classifier to assess if the words (or lemmas) in the code reviews could differentiate reviews that are likely to miss vulnerabilities. The classifier used a subset of all lemmas (over 2 million) as features and their corresponding TF-IDF scores as values. The average precision, recall, and F-measure of the classifier were 14%, 73%, and 23%, respectively. We believe that our linguistic characterization will help developers identify problematic code reviews before they result in a vulnerability being missed.
Los monumentos de la Terraza 6 de Chalcatzingo, Morelos

En Chalcatzingo, Morelos, se conocen mas de 30 grabados del periodo Preclasico medio; aunque los mas famosos —uno de ellos conocido con el nombre de “El Rey”– se localizan en el cerro Chalcatzingo; las excavaciones del Proyecto Arqueologico Chalcatzingo (1972-1976) descubrieron una gran cantidad de monumentos dentro del area habitacional del Preclasico medio, al pie del cerro, incluso estelas asociadas con plataformas rectangulares. La mas grandes de estas plataformas y la mayor cantidad de estelas aparecieron en la Terraza 6, en la parte oriental del sitio. En este articulo se presenta un resumen sobre las estelas y las plataformas descubiertas durante las investigaciones en Chalcatzingo, para luego mencionar tres estelas que se encontraron durante las investigaciones realizadas en la Terraza 6 en 1995 y 1998, y se discute su importante distribucion espacial.
Joint Sequence Complexity: Introduction and Theory

In this chapter we study joint sequence complexity and we introduce its applications for topic detection and text classification, in particular source discrimination. The mathematical concept of the complexity of a sequence is defined as the number of distinct factors of it. The Joint Complexity is thus the number of distinct common factors of two sequences. Sequences containing many common parts have a higher Joint Complexity. The extraction of the factors of a sequence is done by suffix trees, which is a simple and fast (low complexity) method to store and retrieve them from the memory. Joint Complexity is used for evaluating the similarity between sequences generated by different sources and we will predict its performance over Markov sources. Markov models describe well the generation of natural text, and their performance can be predicted via linear algebra, combinatorics and asymptotic analysis. This analysis follows in this chapter. We exploit datasets from different natural languages, for both short and long sequences, with promising results on complexity and accuracy. We performed automated online sequence analysis on information streams in Twitter.
Feedback Board: An Innovative Way to Adapt Classroom Teaching

Abstract There is much discussion in the literature on the effectiveness of end of semester summative evaluations of teaching and those who teach. Educators cite many reasons why they are dissatisfied with summative student evaluations, but the most significant issues are related to the lack of specific constructive feedback, poor response rates, and lack of student engagement. Whereas, formative student feedback provided throughout the semester has been proven more effective at improving student learning and outcomes. Formative feedback provides educators with an opportunity to adjust teaching practices throughout the semester in response to student feedback thus creating a learner-center learning environment. The purpose of this article is to present the “Feedback Board” as means to collect formative feedback from students at the end of each class session throughout the semester and its role in improving learning.
The Baseline and Overall Data from 1980

We have documented the existence of the unnoticed majority: The majority of psychiatric inpatient episodes nationally occurs in general hospitals; and of those, the majority takes place outside the psychiatric unit. This chapter and several following ones begin our analyses of the Hospital Discharge Survey (HDS) data and our modifications of the survey. In this chapter we lay out the baseline data from 1980: the base against which we inspect changes to 1985 in later chapters. In the next chapter, we ask, Can the length of psychiatric stay in general hospitals be predicted? Recall that the argument that it could not was the basis for allowing psychiatric units and specialty psychiatric hospitals to petition for exemption from Medicare’s prospective payment system (PPS).
Special Problems of People with Diabetes and Visual Impairment.

The treatment of diabetes mellitus is extending the life expectancy and improving the lives of people with this condition. However, since complications are more common as the duration of diabetes i...
Preventive Detention and Execution: The Constitutionality of Punishing Future Crimes.

In a series of cases decided over the past decade, the U.S. Supreme Court has consistently held that laws providing for both preventive detention and preventive execution do not violate Constitutional guarantees. Preventive detention and preventive execution share a common method and goal: Determine which individuals pose a threat to society and then remove those persons from society (i.e., incarcerate them) or-if they have also been convicted of first degree murder-execute them. In each of these cases, the Court has been presented with behavioral science data indicating that most predictions of dangerousness-anywhere from 51% to 95%-prove to be wrong. This article describes the relevant data and the Court's response to those data, then considers why the Court has responded as it has, what the Court's response may mean with regard to the future role of behavioral science data in Constitutional litigation regarding the rights of those accused or convicted of crimes, and what, if anything, behavioral scientists might do to enhance the utility and influence of empirical data in such litigation.
Scalp sarcoidosis: a sign of systemic sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease often with cutaneous manifestations. Scarring alopecia of the scalp is a rare form of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Herein, we describe a case of sarcoidosis of the scalp mimicking discoid lupus.
Anoxic ecosystems and early eukaryotes.

Through much of the Proterozoic Eon (2.5–0.54 billion years ago, Ga), oceans were dominantly anoxic. It is often assumed that this put a brake on early eukaryote diversification because eukaryotes lived only in oxygenated habitats, which were restricted to surface waters and benthic environments near cyanobacterial mats. Studies of extant microbial eukaryotes show, however, that they are diverse and abundant in anoxic (including sulfidic) environments, often through partnerships with endo- and ectosymbiotic bacteria and archaea. Though the last common ancestor of extant eukaryotes was capable of aerobic respiration, we propose that at least some, and perhaps many, early eukaryotes were adapted to anoxic settings, and outline a way to test this with the microfossil and redox-proxy record in Proterozoic shales. This hypothesis might explain the mismatch between the record of eukaryotic body fossils, which extends back to >1.6 Ga, and the record of sterane biomarkers, which become diverse and abundant only after 659 Ma, as modern eukaryotes adapted to anoxic habitats do not make sterols (sterane precursors). In addition, an anoxic habitat might make sense for several long-ranging (>800 million years) and globally widespread eukaryotic taxa, which disappear in the late Neoproterozoic around the time oxic environments are thought to have become more widespread.
A Structural Analysis of Families Adopting Special-Needs Children:

The authors analyzed the responses of 799 families who had finalized their adoption of a special-needs child. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales instrument was used to describe ...
Violence and Injury among Immigrants

The growing number of immigrants to the United States has become an important part of the social and public health structure of the nation.* In 1990, the immigrant population was about 20 million—the largest number of immigrants in U.S. history—and comprised about 8% of the total population, the highest proportion of foreign-born persons in the nation in the past 40 years (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993). The primary countries of origin for immigrants have shifted over time from European nations to Asian countries and Mexico (Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1991a). Thus, besides coping with issues relevant to all immigrants, more recent arrivals also must accommodate to being a minority in the United States. And, in turn, U.S. society is compelled to adapt to the addition of large numbers of recently arrived multilingual minority residents.
Nanostructured Anatase Titania as a Cathode Catalyst for Li–CO2 Batteries

Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries have garnered significant interest over the past 5 years as next-generation energy storage devices. In this article, we report a nanocomposite of anatase titania nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers as a freestanding gas diffusion cathode for Li–CO2 batteries. Nanostructured anatase TiO2 is demonstrated as a low-cost, easy-to-synthesize catalyst for CO2 capture and utilization. With the developed composite electrode, we confirm the successful reversibility of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and evolution reaction at the cathode and demonstrate improved Li–CO2 cell performance through a variety of materials and electrochemical characterization techniques.
Broadly Cross-Reactive, Nonneutralizing Antibodies against Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin Demonstrate Effector Function-Dependent Protection against Lethal Viral Challenge in Mice.

ABSTRACT Protection from influenza virus infection is canonically associated with antibodies that neutralize the virus by blocking the interaction between the viral hemagglutinin and host cell receptors. However, protection can also be conferred by other mechanisms, including antibody-mediated effector functions. Here, we report the characterization of 22 broadly cross-reactive, nonneutralizing antibodies specific for influenza B virus hemagglutinin. The majority of these antibodies recognized influenza B viruses isolated over the period of 73 years and bind the conserved stalk domain of the hemagglutinin. A proportion of the characterized antibodies protected mice from both morbidity and mortality after challenge with a lethal dose of influenza B virus. Activity in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reporter assay correlated strongly with protection, suggesting that Fc-dependent effector function determines protective efficacy. The information regarding mechanism of action and epitope location stemming from our characterization of these antibodies will inform the design of urgently needed vaccines that could induce broad protection against influenza B viruses. IMPORTANCE While broadly protective antibodies against the influenza A virus hemagglutinin have been well studied, very limited information is available for antibodies that broadly recognize influenza B viruses. Similarly, the development of a universal or broadly protective influenza B virus vaccine lags behind the development of such a vaccine for influenza A virus. More information about epitope location and mechanism of action of broadly protective influenza B virus antibodies is required to inform vaccine development. In addition, protective antibodies could be a useful tool to treat or prevent influenza B virus infection in pediatric cohorts or in a therapeutic setting in immunocompromised individuals in conjugation with existing treatment avenues.
Comparing the Economics of Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes for Micro-scale Plate Reactors in the Chemical Process Industry

Abstract Modular chemical process intensification involves the deployment of process intensification technology within the modular construction of chemical processing plants. Process intensification involves improvements in chemical process plant efficiency that drive size and weight reductions in chemical equipment. The use of smaller, lighter weight equipment reduces costs in modular construction leading to lower capital thresholds for pursuing new distributed and specialty chemical markets. Micro-scale plate reactors, with high surface-area-to-volume ratios, provide a platform for reducing the size and cost of chemical reactors due to high rates of heat and mass transfer. However, widespread adoption of this technology is hampered by economics and the lack of existing supply chains. Additive manufacturing processes have the potential to overcome this roadblock. This paper compares the economics of using two prominent metal additive manufacturing processes to produce micro-scale plate reactors.
Atmospheric layering during peak pine pollen season

Pollen release by Northern Hemisphere pine forests is well-documented yet little is known about its atmospheric layering. At what altitudes are these atmospheric layers and how do they influence po...
Animal Welfare Audits

Consumers of dairy products look to veterinarians and producers to ensure humane care is provided to farm animals. Animal welfare is a consensus of opinions, and what is considered acceptable welfare, or husbandry, changes over time. Animal welfare can be assessed or described in three different approaches: animal bodies (physiologic, production, disease), animal natures (comparison to similar animals in nature) and animal minds (feelings, suffering). All three approaches should be considered when judging animal welfare. Audits are structured events so they can be repeatable and defendable. Auditors should have education in the given species and experience in the industry to evaluate different housing and management systems. The goal of an auditor is not to pass or fail the farm, but to determine if the agreed-on processes are being carried out. The auditor is verifying the welfare of the animals to consumers and retailers and is neutral to the farm. Training for auditors covers the welfare issues of the species, some industry standards, and how to perform an audit and comply with that company's requirements. The Professional Animal Auditor Certification Organization (PAACO) will certify the training of individual auditors and also the actual audit forms or processes of companies doing audits. PAACO will, in the future, provide training for people wanting to be certified to audit each species of farm animal, but who have not received training elsewhere.
Automated prediction of lattice parameters from X-ray powder diffraction patterns

A key step in the analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data is the accurate determination of unit-cell lattice parameters. This step often requires significant human intervention and is a bottleneck that hinders efforts towards automated analysis. This work develops a series of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) trained to provide lattice parameter estimates for each crystal system. A mean absolute percentage error of approximately 10% is achieved for each crystal system, which corresponds to a 100- to 1000-fold reduction in lattice parameter search space volume. The models learn from nearly one million crystal structures contained within the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database and the Cambridge Structural Database and, due to the nature of these two complimentary databases, the models generalize well across chemistries. A key component of this work is a systematic analysis of the effect of different realistic experimental non-idealities on model performance. It is found that the addition of impurity phases, baseline noise and peak broadening present the greatest challenges to learning, while zero-offset error and random intensity modulations have little effect. However, appropriate data modification schemes can be used to bolster model performance and yield reasonable predictions, even for data which simulate realistic experimental non-idealities. In order to obtain accurate results, a new approach is introduced which uses the initial machine learning estimates with existing iterative whole-pattern refinement schemes to tackle automated unit-cell solution.
Neurophysiological Development of Fetal Neostriatal Neurons Transplanted into Adult Neostriatum

Behavioral studies of rats with excitotoxic neostriatal lesions have demonstrated functional recovery of locomotor activity, motor symmetry, skilled motor tasks and performance in maze learning tasks after grafting of fetal neostriatal tissue (Dunnett et al, 1988; Deckel et al, 1983; Isacson et al, 1986). Histological analysis of the grafted neostriatal tissue suggests that these effects are mediated by the survival and growth of neurons which for the most part have been classified as the medium—sized spiny cell of the neostriatum (McAllister et al, 1985; Clarke et al, 1988, DiFiglia et al, 1988). It has been further proposed that the grafted neurons function via a reinstatement of the neurocircuitry normally found in the neostriatum (Dunnett et al, 1988; for review see Norman et al, 1988). A number of techniques have been used to show that nigral, cortical, thalamic and raphe afferents grow into the grafted neostriatal tissue (Clarke et al, 1988; Wictorin et al, 1989; Pritzel et al, 1986; Wilson et al, 1987). Conversely, grafted neostriatal tissue has been shown to reinstate gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) release in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in lesioned animals (Sirinathsinghji et al, 1988).
Expression profiles in pre-treatment biopsies from SCC of the head and neck correlate with outcome of radiotherapy.

5184 Treatment decisions for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) rely heavily on TNM-classification. However, we have earlier shown that expression profiles can predict chemosensitivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential genetic markers for prediction of response to radiotherapy in patients with SCCHN. Material&Methods : Fresh frozen pre-treatment biopsies were obtained from 37 patients with SCCHN at the following sub-sites: oropharynx (n=22), hypopharynx (n=6) and other (oral cavity (n=7), larynx (n=2). They all received radiotherapy with intention to cure. cDNA micro array analysis was performed using slides containing 21,632 sequence validated human cDNAs, generally with insert sizes of 0.25-2.5 kb. For each experiment, mRNA of each cell line was analyzed using equally mixed mRNAs from the normal mucous membranes of nasopharynx, oropharynx, tongue, bucca, submaxillary gland, and base of tongue as a reference. Results: Supervised clustering revealed a genetic profile of 72 genes (e.g. caveolin 1, VEGF, Bcl-2 and INH being upregulated in radioresistent cases) that significantly distinguished patients that responded with Complete Response to radiotherapy from those with Partial response/No Response (p Conclusions : We identified mRNA expression patterns, as analyzed by cDNA micro array analysis, that distinguished radiotherapy responders from non-responders. These findings, along with previously reported chemosensitivity profiles could facilitate individualization of treatment of SCCHN based on the biological properties of the tumors, rather than TNM classification alone.
The science advisory committee as a tool for new technology assessment

The assessment of new technology strategies in multidivisional firms, and the role of the chief executive officer as the strategic decision maker regarding these new technology issues are examined. The rate of technological change has made the strategic management of technology a critical issue for US firms competing in technology-driven markets. It is suggested that a science advisory committee (SAC) made up of independent senior scientists can assess the firm's performance of the strategic management of new product technology. The research reported explores the advantages of such a committee in implementing the technology evaluation process in multidivisional firms. >