cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying Early Opinion Leaders on COVID-19 on Twitter

This study aims to empirically identify opinion leaders on Twitter from the lens of Innovation Diffusion theory. We analyzed pandemic-specific tweets from casual users as well as from the US President to map their conversation for the purpose of finding opinion leaders over a three month period at the onset of the pandemic. By applying network analysis following with cluster enrichment as well as sentiment analysis, we recognize potential thought leaders, but we could not find strong evidence for opinion leaders according to the Innovation Diffusion theory. We interpret that users tweet for two different purposes - tweets to elicit agreement and tweets to elicit debate.
Translation of laboratory results to field conditions: the role of aquatic chemistry in assessing toxicity

One of the most significant problems facing the water quality management field today is the translation of laboratory-derived aquatic toxicology criteria and standards to natural water field conditions. This problem is caused, in part, by the markedly different chemical environments that frequently exist in laboratory toxicity tests and the field. Normally, laboratory-developed water quality criteria are derived from bioassays in which the contaminant is presented to the organism in a completely or nearly completely available form or forms; however, under field conditions, many contaminants exist in a variety of forms only some of which are available to aquatic organisms. Guidance is provided on how to use knowledge of the aqueous environmental chemistry of the contaminant or contaminants of concern to detect situations in which there may be markedly different toxicity levels under field and laboratory conditions. A hazardassessment approach is outlined by which maximum use can be made of existing laboratory bioassay data and environmental chemistry in site-specific water quality evaluation.
Thrombosis and shock induced by activating antiplatelet antibodies in human FcγRIIA transgenic mice: the interplay among antibody, spleen, and Fc receptor

Transgenic mouse lines were created that express FcγRIIA on platelets and macrophages at human physiologic levels, and they were used to explore the consequences in vivo of activating antiplatelet antibodies. Anti-CD9 antibody activated platelets of FcγRIIA transgenic (tg) mice and, following injection in vivo, caused more rapid severe thrombocytopenia than nonactivating antiplatelet antibody. Anti-CD9 injected into FcγRIIA tg crossed with FcR γ-chain knockout (γ-KO) mice caused thrombosis and shock in all mice, and death in 16 of 18 mice. The shock depended on platelet Fc receptor density and antibody dose. On histologic examination, the lung vasculature of anti-CD9–treated FcγRIIA tg × γ-KO mice contained extensive platelet-fibrin thrombi. Thrombosis and shock in FcγRIIA tg mice in the context of the FcR γ-chain knockout suggested the importance of the interplay of intravascular platelet activation and splenic clearance. Reduction of splenic clearance surgically (splenectomy) or functionally (monoclonal antibody treatment) also facilitated anti-CD9–mediated shock in FcγRIIA tg mice. The spleen, which clears nonactivating antibody-coated platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, appears to play a protective role in the thrombosis and shock observed with activating antiplatelet antibody. The data indicate that antibodies, which activate platelets in an FcγRIIA-dependent manner, can lead to thrombosis, shock, and death. Furthermore, antibody titer, platelet Fc receptor density, and splenic clearance are likely important determinants of the outcome.
Investing in infrastructure : what is needed from 2000 to 2010?

Fay and Yepes estimate demand for infrastructure services over the first decade of the new millennium based on a model that relates demand for infrastructure with the structural change and growth in income the world is expected to undergo between now and 2010. It should be noted that predictions are based on estimated demand rather than on any absolute measure of "need" such as those developed in the Millennium Development Goals. The authors also provide estimates of associated investment and maintenance expenditures and predict total required resource flows to satisfy new demand while maintaining service for existing infrastructure. This paper - a product of the Infrastructure Vice Presidency - is part of a larger effort in the vice presidency to improve knowledge of infrastructure needs.
IgM Heavy Chain Complementarity-Determining Region 3 Diversity Is Constrained by Genetic and Somatic Mechanisms Until Two Months After Birth

Due to the greater range of lengths available to the third complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (HCDR3), the Ab repertoire of normal adults includes larger Ag binding site structures than those seen in first and second trimester fetal tissues. Transition to a steady state range of HCDR3 lengths is not complete until the infant reaches 2 mo of age. Fetal constraints on length begin with a genetic predilection for use of short DH (D7-27 or DQ52) gene segments and against use of long DH (e.g., D3 or DXP) and JH (JH6) gene segments in both fetal liver and fetal bone marrow. Further control of length is achieved through DH-specific limitations in N addition, with D7-27 DJ joins including extensive N addition and D3-containing DJ joins showing a paucity of N addition. DH-specific constraints on N addition are no longer apparent in adult bone marrow. Superimposed upon these genetic mechanisms to control length is a process of somatic selection that appears to ensure expression of a restricted range of HCDR3 lengths in both fetus and adult. B cells that express Abs of an "inappropriate" length appear to be eliminated when they first display IgM on their cell surface. Control of N addition appears aberrant in X-linked agammaglobulinemia, which may exacerbate the block in B cell development seen in this disease. Restriction of the fetal repertoire appears to be an active process, forcing limits on the diversity, and hence range of Ab specificities, available to the young.
Low-voltage analog CMOS circuit techniques

As power supply voltages are driven down by digital power constraints, circuit techniques must evolve to preserve the precision of analog functions in a mixed-signal system. This paper reviews recent developments in low-voltage CMOS design of opamps and other critical analog blocks where high gain and signal-to-noise ratio are required.
Recombinant murine gamma interferon inhibits Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L1 in vivo.

Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L1 injected intravenously in mice resulted in systemic nonlethal infections of the animals. Treatment of mice with recombinant murine gamma interferon resulted in a decrease in the number of infectious C. trachomatis organisms recovered from the lungs, spleens, and livers as well as in a decrease of the inflammatory reaction in those organs when assessed 3 and 5 days after challenge. Images
The heterotic Green-Schwarz superstring on an N = (2,0) super world-sheet

Abstract By defining the heterotic Green-Schwarz superstring action on an N = (2,0) super world-sheet, rather than on an ordinary world-sheet, many problems with the interacting Green-Schwarz superstring formalism can be solved. In the light-cone approach, superconformally transforming the light-cone super world-sheet onto an N = (2,0) super Rieman surface allows the elimination of the non-trivial interaction-point operators that complicate the evaluation of scattering amplitudes. In the Polyakov approach, the ten-dimensional heterotic Green-Schwarz covariant action defined on an N = (2,0) super world-sheet can be gauge-fixed to a free-field action with non-anomalous N = (2,0) superconformal invariance, and integrating the experimental the exponential of the covariant action over all punctured N = (2,0) super Rieman surfaces produces scattering amplitudes that closely resemble amplitudes obtained using the unitary light-cone approach.
Positive and negative regulation of gene transcription by a retinoic acid-thyroid hormone receptor heterodimer

Abstract We present evidence that the human thyroid hormone receptor forms a heterodimer with the human retinoic acid receptor. This interaction results in a cooperative increase in binding of the α retinoic acid receptor to a subset of thyroid hormone response elements. Mutations within the DNA binding domain or near the C-terminus abolish either receptor's ability to interact cooperatively on these elements. The thyroid hormone-retinoic acid receptor heterodimer exhibits novel transcriptional properties in that coexpression of both receptors at low levels in Green monkey kidney (CV1) cells results in a positive transcriptional effect on promoters containing a palindromic thyroid hormone response element, but has a surprisingly negative effect on a thyroid hormone response element derived from the α myosin heavy chain gene. These results suggest that by forming heterodimers, more elab-orate control of transcription can be achieved by creating receptor combinations with differing activities.
Water Networks in Fast Proton Transfer during Catalysis by Human Carbonic Anhydrase II

Variants of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) with amino acid replacements at residues in contact with water molecules in the active-site cavity have provided insights into the proton transfer rates in this protein environment. X-ray crystallography and 18O exchange measured by membrane inlet mass spectrometry have been used to investigate structural and catalytic properties of variants of HCA II containing replacements of Tyr7 with Phe (Y7F) and Asn67 with Gln (N67Q). The rate constants for transfer of a proton from His64 to the zinc-bound hydroxide during catalysis were 4 and 9 μs–1 for Y7F and Y7F/N67Q, respectively, compared with a value of 0.8 μs–1 for wild-type HCA II. These higher values observed for Y7F and Y7F/N67Q HCA II could not be explained by differences in the values of the pKa of the proton donor (His64) and acceptor (zinc-bound hydroxide) or by the orientation of the side chain of the proton shuttle residue His64. They appeared to be associated with a reduced level of branching in the ...
From Monologue to Dialog to Chorus: The Place of Instrumental Discourse in English Studies and Technical Communication

One way to resolve some of the conflict in English studies and technical communication over their diminishing cultural capital is to recognize the place of instrumental discourse in communication studies. Instrumental discourse is individually verified social agreements to coordinate and control physical actions. One purpose of literary works is to voice new concerns about social inequities. A purpose of rhetoric is to persuade others of the validity of those concerns. Instrumental discourse registers agreements about those concerns and brings them to temporary closure in laws, instructions, contracts, and constitutions. Instrumental discourse is the culmination of a process that often begins with a literary monolog, is continued in many rhetorical dialogs, and ends, for a while, in a chorus of approval. Each phase of this communication process-monolog, dialog, and chorus-has a place in English studies. If more English studies faculty would recognize the need to study the communications that promote dissensus and consensus, then they might contribute more to global discussions about social justice, cooperation, and sustainability, and they might gain more cultural capital and social influence.
Beyond the age of cellular discovery

The combination of machine-learning tools and mass-cytometry measurements of more than 30 protein markers per cell comprehensively maps cell identity in the heterogeneous myeloid cell system and reveals the global effect of deletion of the gene encoding the receptor for the growth factor GM-CSF.
Unusual location of an atrial myxoma complicated by a secundum atrial septal defect

Abstract Myxomas occur most commonly in the left atriure arising from the fossa ovalis. We report the case of a left atrial myxoma originating from the base of the right inferior pulmonary vein. This large myxoma filled a large secundum atrial septal defect, which was diagnosed intraoperatively. The unusual position of this myxoma and operative management of the associated atrial septal defect are discussed.
Menstrual dysfunction in hirsute women.

Hirsutism in women is frequently associated with increased levels of androgens. Studies of biochemical changes, however, have yielded conflicting results. This study compares the findings in 30 hirsute women with normal menses and those of 30 hirsute women with abnormal cycles. Of the women with abnormal menstruation, 73% had oligoamenorrhea only and the others had dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The abnormally menstruating group had a similar mean age but tended to have heavier body weights than those with normal cycles. Free and total testosterone levels were significantly higher in the abnormal group (total testosterone, 54 ± 35 ng/dl vs 35 ± 12 ng/dl, p = 0.004; free testosterone, 7.8 ± 4.9pg/mlvs 4.2 ± 1.4 pg/ml, p = 0.002). The abnormal group tended to have higher levels of andro-stenedione than the normal group (227 ±116 ng/dl vs 139 ± 59 ng/dl) but dehydroepi-androsterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were similar (320 ± 142mg/dlvs298 ± 169pg/dl). Levels of thyroxin, thyrotropin, and prolactin were comparable in the two groups. Among hirsute women those with abnormal menses tended to be heavier and to have higher levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, and androstenedione. This is consistent with the clinical impression, not previously documented, that of hirsute women, those with abnormal menses have more severe endocrine abnormalities than those with normal cycles.
All-cause mortality and liver-related outcomes following successful antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C.

Antiviral therapy for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduces all-cause and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Few studies are available from populations with multiple medical and psychiatric comorbidities where the impact of successful antiviral therapy might be limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sustained virologic response (SVR) on all-cause and liver-related mortality in a cohort of HCV patients treated in an integrated hepatitis/mental health clinic. This was a retrospective review of all patients who initiated antiviral treatment for chronic HCV between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2009. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors involved in all-cause mortality, liver-related events and hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 536 patients were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 7.5 years. Liver and non-liver-related mortality occurred in 2.7 and 5.0 % of patients with SVR and in 17.8 and 6.4 % of patients without SVR. In a multivariate analysis, SVR was the only factor associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.47; 95 % CI 0.26–0.85; p = 0.012) and reduced liver-related events (HR 0.23; 95 % CI 0.08–0.66, p = 0.007). Having stage 4 liver fibrosis increased all-cause mortality (HR 2.50; 95 % CI 1.23–5.08; p = 0.011). Thrombocytopenia at baseline (HR 2.66; 95 % CI 1.22–5.79; p = 0.014) and stage 4 liver fibrosis (HR 4.87; 95 % CI 1.62–14.53; p = 0.005) increased liver-related events. Despite significant medical and psychiatric comorbidities, SVR markedly reduced liver-related outcomes without a significant change in non-liver-related mortality after a median follow-up of 7.5 years.
Guided-mode resonances in planar dielectric-layer diffraction gratings

The guided-mode resonance behavior of the evanescent and propagating fields associated with an unslanted, planar diffraction grating is studied by means of the rigorous coupled-wave theory. For weakly modulated gratings, the condition on the guided-mode wave number of the corresponding unmodulated dielectric-layer waveguide may be used to predict the range of the incident angle or wavelength within which the resonances can be excited. Furthermore, the locations of the resonances are predicted approximately by the eigenvalue equation of the waveguide. As the modulation amplitude increases, the location and shape of the resonances are described in detail by the rigorous coupled-wave theory. The results presented demonstrate that the resonances can cause rapid variations in the intensity of the external propagating diffracted waves.
Adherence of nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae to human conjunctival epithelial cells.

Abstract Conjunctivitis outbreaks have occurred in the US in which nontypeable (NT) Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) strains have been identified as the etiologic agent; however, the pathogenesis of Pnc conjunctivitis has not been extensively evaluated. Here we assessed the adhesive and invasive properties of 13 NT US conjunctivitis outbreak strains (cPnc) using an immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell (HCjE) line expressing high or low levels of mucin as a surrogate for in vivo ocular surface events. Studies reveal differential binding efficiencies (up to 18-fold) among cPnc strains to HCjE cells and reduced or little adherence efficiency to high mucin-expressing (HME-HCjE). Additionally, in the presence of exogenous mucin there is considerable inhibition (20% to ∼100%) of bacterial binding to the HCjE cells. Invasion assays suggest that the cPnc are internalized in HCjE, and less in HME-HCjE cells. Microarray analysis of cPnc isolates revealed an up-regulation of Pnc neuraminidases, and treatment of HME-HCjE cells with exogenous neuraminidase resulted in a 2–13-fold enhancement in cPnc binding. The results indicate that mucin acts as a protective barrier in vitro and that neuraminidases, which can degrade mucin, may be contributing factors leading to bacterial adherence, a first step in the pathogenesis of this transmissible infection.
An Upper Bound for the First Eigenvalue of a Spherical Cap

By working with suitable test functions, we obtain an upper bound for the principal eigenvalue of a geodesic ball on a sphere of arbitrary dimension. This bound is sharp in the limiting case when the radius of the ball approaches the diameter of the sphere.
PLASMA PROTEIN LABELED WITH LYSINE-ϵ-C14 ITS ORAL FEEDING AND RELATED PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE DOG

The metabolism of homologous plasma proteins, labeled with lysine-ϵ-C14, after oral administration to dogs has been investigated. The speed of the various processes involved is indicated by the maximum rate of C14 O2 excretion which is attained within 1 to 4 hours, the prompt appearance of protein activity in the plasma and disappearance of non-protein activity from it, both virtually complete in 7 to 10 hours, as well as the rapid incorporation of a large percentage of the fed-C14 into tissues. There are no essential differences between the behavior of labeled plasma and that of an amino acid digest containing ϵ-C14 labeled lysine when these two materials are given orally. At the end of 48 hours after labeled plasma feeding, a CO2 elimination of 16 to 28 per cent of the fed C14 is noted. In contrast, after 48 hours following labeled plasma by vein, a CO2 elimination of only 2.5 per cent is recorded—almost a 10 to 1 ratio. We believe this, together with the data concerning plasma and tissue protein activity, represents a significant difference in the metabolic process. The evidence favors a complete breakdown of plasma protein to the amino acid level when given orally but not when given by vein.
Sensitivity of Implicit Memory to Input Processing and the Zeigarnik Effect

Abstract Implicit memory is evidenced when a subject benefits from a previous experience without making a conscious effort to recollect that prior experience. In the present study, I examined the sensitivity of implicit memory to two variables: type of input processing and the temporal placement of the implicit memory test. Results indicated that although implicit memory occurred in all conditions, its magnitude was sensitive to both variables. The results are discussed in terms of the underlying nature of implicit memory, including the role of transfer-appropriate processing.
Parametric interdependence, learning-by-doing, and industrial structure

We explore the proposition that parametric interdependence makes learning-by-doing a nondeterministic, path-dependent process. The implications of our model challenge two conventional beliefs about the relationships between industrial structure, spillovers, and learning-by-doing. First, we challenge the belief that the monopolistic industrial structure always maximizes learning-by-doing gains when there are no spillovers. Second, we challenge the belief that increasing spillovers unambiguously increases welfare when learning-by-doing drives innovation.
Intrapartum screen for diabetes in patients without prenatal care: use of labor admission serum glucose.

Objective: For patients presenting in labor with no prenatal care, a rapid screening test for gestational diabetes would potentially aid in decisions for tocolysis (e.g., preterm patients) and mode of delivery (e.g., large for gestational age). We sought to determine whether a labor admission serum glucose is of predictive value in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.Methods: We obtained labor admission glucose values for laboring patients and compared these with 1-h (50-g) postglucola (1° PG) screens obtained at 24 to 32 weeks' gestation. Diabetics being treated with insulin were excluded from the study. Labor admission serum glucose values were compared to 1° PG values by linear regression. Sensitivity and specificity of admission glucose for identification of a positive 1° PG (140 mg/dl) were evaluated by a receiver operator curve (ROC).Results: A total of 98 patients with both 1° PG screens and labor admission glucose were identified. Linear regression showed no significant correlation of labor admi...
Species correlation in long-term carcinogenicity studies

Abstract Species correlation in neoplastic response was examined for 266 long-term toxicology and carcinogenicity studies. The overall concordance between rats and mice exposed to the same chemical was 74% ( 198 266 ). Within a species, the results for males and females were also highly correlated (87% concordance for rats and 89% for mice). Had only male rats and female mice been utilized in these experiments, the same conclusions regarding carcinogenicity would have been reached in 96% of the studies ( 255 266 ). The high interspecies correlation shown in these studies supports the view that extrapolation of carcinogenicity outcomes to other species, including humans, is appropriate.
MedStar health vendor access program: one system's story.

ABSTRACT SALES OR SERVICE CALLS by vendor representatives were identified as a potential patient safety issue in a Baltimore, Maryland/Washington, DC, hospital system. A VENDOR BADGING program, which requires vendor representatives to provide a background check, documentation of substance abuse testing, health information, and proof of education was implemented after nine months of investigation and planning. THREE LEVELS OF BADGES were created. The level of the badge indicates whether the vendor representative has access to non-patient care areas only; patient care areas; or restricted patient care (ie, sterile) areas. AORN J 86 (November 2007) 815–823.
Women and Political Participation in Africa: Broadening the Scope of Research

Abstract The article argues for a more flexible and inclusive approach to research on women and the state in Africa and, in particular, women's political participation. Inter alia it suggests moving away from restricted Western definitions of politics, from overly aggregated notions both of “the state” and of “women,” and from too centralized a focus on government; and moving to include a greater appreciation of informal organizations, unusual modes of participation, uneven tradeoffs and even manipulated politics. Its concern is to ensure that we do not overlook or close off those narrow spaces of participation which may, by default, have been allowed to women, or which women may have fashioned for themselves.
Amperometric Methods for Oxidoreductase Enzymes Based on Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important cofactor in a number of oxidoreductase enzyme systems. The detection and quantitation of its reduced form (NADH) is the basis for a number of methods which determine both substrates and enzyme activity. Although electrochemical techniques have shown promise in this area, they have suffered from a lack of selectivity. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) provides the selectivity and the sensitivity required. The use of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) for blood alcohol detection is investigated as a model system.
Going the Distance in Academic Libraries: Identifying Trends and Innovation in Distance Learning Resources and Services

In 2012, U.S. News & World Report ranked nineteen institutions on its Up-and-Coming national universities list. The universities were put on the list based on rankings from experts in higher education administration. The experts were asked to identify institutions that had implemented innovative ideas in the areas of academics, faculty, and student life. This article examines the distance education services and resources that are provided by the libraries at each of the Up-and-Coming universities in order to identify innovative ideas and trends related to the support of distance library users.
Nitroxyl Radical plus Hydroxylamine Pseudo Self-Exchange Reactions: Tunneling in Hydrogen Atom Transfer

Bimolecular rate constants have been measured for reactions that involve hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from hydroxylamines to nitroxyl radicals, using the stable radicals TEMPO• (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical), 4-oxo-TEMPO• (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-oxyl radical), di-tert-butylnitroxyl (tBu2NO•), and the hydroxylamines TEMPO-H, 4-oxo-TEMPO-H, 4-MeO-TEMPO-H (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-hydroxy-4-methoxy-piperidine), and tBu2NOH. The reactions have been monitored by UV−vis stopped-flow methods, using the different optical spectra of the nitroxyl radicals. The HAT reactions all have |ΔG°| ≤ 1.4 kcal mol−1 and therefore are close to self-exchange reactions. The reaction of 4-oxo-TEMPO• + TEMPO-H → 4-oxo-TEMPO-H + TEMPO• occurs with k2H,MeCN = 10 ± 1 M−1 s−1 in MeCN at 298 K (K2H,MeCN = 4.5 ± 1.8). Surprisingly, the rate constant for the analogous deuterium atom transfer reaction is much slower: k2D,MeCN = 0.44 ± 0.05 M−1 s−1 with k2H,MeCN/k2D,MeCN = 23 ± 3 at 298 K. The same large kineti...
Some effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the mitotic cycle of lateral root apical meristems of Vicia faba

Roots of Vicia faba were given a one hour pulse label with. 3H-TdR (1 μC/ml), either before or after a three hour treatment with a 10−5 M solution of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (TCPA). The durations of the various phases of the mitotic cycle were derived from labeled prophase curves, prepared from autoradiographs of lateral root apical meristems. — TCPA was found to lengthen the duration of the mitotic cycle, primarily because it extended the duration of the period of DNA synthesis (S), though post-synthetic interphase (G2) was also longer. No measurements could be made with respect to the duration of presynthetic interphase (G1), because of rapid changes in the lengths of the G2 and S periods following treatment. — As well as extending the duration of S, TCPA treatment also resulted in at least an initial increase in the rate of DNA synthesis and a decrease in the actual number of cells in S. These results have been discussed with respect to the control of the organization of the root apical meristem.
The structure of the dual Lie coalgebra of the Witt algebra

Abstract Over a field K of characteristic different from 2, the Lie coalgebra dual to the Lie algebra of derivations of the polynomials in one variable over K consists of the linear recursive sequences. When K is algebraically closed, the structure of that Lie coalgebra is determined explicitly.
Survey of Master’s Gerontology Students Spanning Over 40 Years

The University of South Florida’s master’s degree in gerontology is a long-established program that focuses on a multidisciplinary approach to population aging. This study identifies graduate students’ needs in preparation for a professional career in gerontology. An online survey was distributed to graduates and those currently enrolled (N = 56) in order to better understand expectations for the program, identify outcomes of graduation, and obtain program recommendations for future students. The program’s 40 year history was well represented with participants ranging from the first graduating class to current students. Results indicated high satisfaction in students’ expectations of the program, educational experience, and assessment of faculty. Further, 68% of graduates reported success in gaining age-related employment shortly after graduation. However, students echoed well-known barriers in gerontology, reporting tough competition for jobs versus those with licensure, and challenges in promoting their...
Octahedral metal carbonyls. 58. Rate constants for ring-displacement in metal carbonyl complexes containing 5- and 6-membered chelate rings coordinating through sulfur

Mecanisme de la reaction de (DTN)W(CO) 4 avec le triisopropylphosphite dans le chlorobenzene (DTN=tetramethyl-2,2,8,8 dithianonane)
Measuring sideslip and camber characteristics of bicycle tyres

Sideslip and camber tyre properties, the forces and moments a tyre generates as it rolls forward under different circumstances, have been found to be important to motorcycle dynamics. A similar situation may be expected to exist for bicycles, but limited bicycle tyre data and a lack of the tools necessary to measure it may contribute to its absence in bicycle dynamics analyses. Measuring these properties requires holding the tyre at a fixed orientation with respect to the pavement and its direction of travel, and then measuring the lateral force and torque about the steer axis generated as the tyre rolls forward. Devices exist for measuring these characteristics of automobile tyres. One device is known to exist specifically for motorcycle tyres, and it has been used at least once on bicycle tyres, but the minimum load it can apply is nearly double the actual load carried by most bicycle tyres. This paper presents a low-cost device that measures bicycle tyre cornering stiffness and camber stiffness.
Randomized trial of late elective angioplasty versus conservative management for patients with residual stenoses after thrombolytic treatment of myocardial infarction. Treatment of Post-Thrombolytic Stenoses (TOPS) Study Group.

BACKGROUND After thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is frequently performed because of the presence of a "significant" infarct vessel stenosis demonstrated at predischarge coronary angiography. Several studies have shown PTCA performed early after thrombolysis to be unnecessary or even harmful. However, PTCA in these trials was generally performed 1-3 days after MI, when the milieu in the infarct artery may be unsuited for PTCA, and the incidence of major ischemic complications was high. To date, no trial has assessed whether delayed PTCA (4-14 days) should be performed in patients without evidence of ischemia on stress testing. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis that delayed PTCA might provide clinical benefit compared with medical therapy alone, 87 patients treated within 6 hours of chest pain onset with thrombolytic therapy and with negative functional test were randomized between PTCA to be performed 4-14 days after MI versus no PTCA. Both groups received medical therapy. Patients with postinfarct angina or prior Q wave infarction in the infarct distribution were excluded. The primary study end point was increase in left ventricular ejection fraction with exercise measured by radionuclide studies 6 weeks after MI, a parameter known from other studies to correlate inversely with future ischemic events. Clinical outcome was also monitored for 12 months. There were no differences between the study groups for any prerandomization variable recorded. Mean age was 57 +/- 10 years, 84% of patients were male, 21% had prior MI, 36% had anterior MI, 7% had multivessel disease, and the infarct stenosis measured 70 +/- 17% before randomization. PTCA was successful in 38 of 42 patients (88%) but resulted in non-Q wave MI due to acute closure of the treated site in three of 42 (9.5%). There was no difference in 6-week resting ejection fraction or increase in ejection fraction with exercise between the two groups (47 +/- 12% and 6 +/- 8%, respectively, in the PTCA group; 49 +/- 10% and 5 +/- 9% in the no-PTCA group; p = NS for both.) There were no deaths in either group. Actuarial 12-month infarct-free survival was 97.8% in the no-PTCA group and 90.5% in the PTCA group (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS There was no functional or clinical benefit from routine late PTCA after MI treated with thrombolytic therapy in this relatively low-risk cohort of patients. These data strongly suggest that patients with an uncomplicated MI after thrombolytic therapy, even if they have a "significant" residual stenosis of the infarct vessel, should be treated medically if they are without evidence of ischemia on stress testing before hospital discharge.
Zeta functions and their asymptotic expansions for compact symmetric spaces of rank one

We assemble the basic facts required to discuss c~-functions of compact symmetric spaces from the representation-theoretic viewpoint, in principle, everything here in w 1 is contained in Garth Warner's book [6], and we refer to Warner [6] and Helgason [4] for the original sources (of which Caftan [3] is the principal one). Fix a compact riemannian symmetric space M and let G be the largest connected group of isometries. Thus G is a compact connected Lie group with an involutive automorphism a, and M = G/K where K is an open subgroup of G~= {geG :a(g) =g}, and the riemannian metric on M derives from a positive definite invariant bilinear form on the Lie algebra of G. (~ denotes the set of all equivalence classes In] of irreducible unitary representations n of G. Given In], V~ denotes the (finite dimensional complex Hilbert) space on which n represents G. A class [n]e(~ is of class 1 relative to K if there exists
Impact of sociodemographic factors on the radiotherapeutic management of lung cancer: Results of a Quality Research in Radiation Oncology Survey

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study is to describe the impact of sociodemographic (SOC) factors on the management of lung cancer patients treated at radiation therapy facilities participating in the Quality Research in Radiation Oncology survey. Methods and materials: A 2-stage stratified random sample of lung cancer patients treated in 2006 to 2007 at 45 facilities yielded 340 stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 144 limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) cases. Five SOC variables based on data from the 2000 US Census were analyzed for association with the following clinical factors: patients living in urban versus rural settings (U/R); median household income (AHI); % below poverty level (PPV); % unemployed (PUE); and % with college education (PCE). Results: The 340 NSCLC patients were stage I, 16%; stage II, 11%; stage III, 62%; stage unknown, 11%. Histologic subtypes were adenocarcinoma, 31.8%; squamous cell carcinoma, 35.3%; large cell carcinoma, 3.2%; and NSCLC NOS, 27.7%. The median age was 66 years. Median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 80. The 144 LS-SCLC had a median age of 63; 73 were male (50.7%). Median KPS was 80. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and modern imaging utilization was associated with treatment at facilities located in higher SOC regions. SBRT was employed in 46.8% stage I NSCLC patients treated in centers where %PUE was below median versus 14.8% in centers where %PUE was above median ( P = .02). Four-dimensional computed tomography was utilized in 14.2% of patients treated in centers located in regions with %PPV below median versus 3.7% in centers located in regions with %PPV above median ( P P = .04). Conclusions: SOC factors may impact use of modern treatment planning and delivery and multidisciplinary management of NSCLC and SCLC. These results may suggest an impact of these SOC factors on access to health care.
Integrating biological molecules with electrode surfaces for bioanalytical sensing applications

The integration of complex biological molecules such as proteins with metal and semiconductor interfaces is limited by several inherent incompatibilities. To develop sensors based upon protein-protein interactions at such surfaces, three significant obstacles must be overcome: 1) the sensing protein must retain its native, or native-like structure, 2) the protein must be in electrical (or optical) contact with the metal surface and 3) the reporter protein much be at a sufficiently high concentration to produce a measurable, unambiguous signal. Here, we demonstrate a detection scheme for Anthrax toxins based on the interaction of an ion channel formed by protective antigen 63 (PA63) 7 , a heptameric ion channel forming toxin, with lethal factor. To prepare a sensor, a biomimetic membrane is formed on an electrode surface through a thiolipid molecule with a custom synthesized poly(ethylene oxide) spacer. Thus a membrane is formed across the electrode with an aqueous space of ∼ 2 nm. This space allows the membrane to retain some fluidity to incorporate transmembrane proteins with separating the protein from a denaturing surface. The high-specificity of the LF-(PA63) 7 interaction enables the detection of Anthrax proteins on the order of pmol/L. In addition to highly sensitive detectors, this tethered membrane construct is scaleable and can be extended to devices with micron and sub-micron sensing pads, critical for the miniaturization required for novel bioelectronic devices.
Sample Size Determination for a Relative Quality Improvement

﻿When addressing quality problems, quality teams are often given a quantifiable goal, requiring data to be assessed in order to determine if the goal has been met. A method is proposed for determining the sample sizes necessary for detecting relative qu..
JKR contact mechanics for evaluating surface contamination on inorganic substrates

Abstract The JKR contact mechanics approach is employed to analyze the effects of surface contaminants on adhesive bonding, as well as quantify the level of contamination at which adhesive strength decreases. The contact adhesive forces between two surfaces, one being a soft hemisphere and the other being a hard plate, can readily be determined by applying an external compressive load to join the two surfaces, and by subsequently applying a tensile load to assess the energy dissipation mechanisms involved in the debonding process. In the present work, we monitor the interactions between a diglycidyl epoxy elastomer and an aluminum oxide substrate in the presence of an organic contaminant, as a means to evaluate the level of contamination at a surface. Moreover, we present a method by which surface contamination can be quantified using a single number, referred to as the adhesion hysteresis parameter, H.
The logic of mystery

This paper proposes an analytical taxonomy of'mystery' based upon what makes a mystery mysterious. I begin by distinguishing mysteries that depend on what we do not know (e.g. detective fiction) from mysteries that depend on what we do know (e.g. religious mysteries). Then I distinguish three possible grounds for the latter type. The third and most provocative ground offers a mathematical analogy for how rational reflection can be appropriate to mystery without compromising its intrinsically mysterious character. I conclude with reflections on the metaphysical presuppositions that this understanding of mystery requires.
Are We Neglecting African American Males: Parental Involvement Differences Between African American Males and Females During Elementary School?

The purpose of this study is to ascertain if there are differences in levels of involvement between parents of African American males and females at school entry. In addition, measures of parental involvement will be examined to determine how they relate to academic achievement in 3rd grade. Data for this project was derived from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten-Third grade (ECLS-K) longitudinal file. Through the use of logistic and multiple regression techniques, results from this study suggest that gender differences in parental involvement are present in elementary school. Implications will be discussed in terms of increasing African American achievement and future research.
Developing nation imperatives for a new law of the sea: UNCLOS I and III as stages in the international policy process

Abstract This paper seeks to compare the two major law of the sea conferences of the post‐World War II period in terms of imperatives for moving toward a more equitable international system. Transitions in the international system which have taken place in the years between the conferences are analyzed, as well as differences in conference participation and procedures. The paper then focuses upon the necessity for policy to be formulated in such a way that imbalances in opportunities for utilization of the seas are redressed. Special attention is given the status of the landlocked and geographically disadvantaged states. The 1977 Negotiating Text is commented on from this perspective. Proposals for development of ocean law/policy in UNCLOS III more congruent with achievement of global equity are then set forth.
Serum Bactericidal Activity of Trovafloxacin Against Selected Anaerobic Pathogens

Abstract Trovafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial with improved in vitro activity against many anaerobic bacteria. We investigated the serum bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin against isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Clostridium perfringens, and Peptostreptococcus magnus using a broth microdilution method. All procedures were performed in an anaerobic chamber. A single 200 mg oral dose of trovafloxacin was administered to six healthy volunteers and serum samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h post-dose. Bactericidal activity of these samples demonstrated that at 2 h all samples showed bactericidal activity against all four isolates. Prolonged bactericidal activity (12 to 24 h) was observed against three of the four isolates. Bactericidal activity was not observed after the first sampling period for the B. thetaiotaomicron strain. In this pharmacodynamic model, we found that trovafloxacin provided serum bactericidal activity against several common anaerobic pathogens associated with clinical infections.
Reactively evaporated BeO films: Preparation and electrical and optical properties

Abstract The transmission, conductivity and thermally stimulated exoelectron emission have been measured for reactively evaporated thin BeO films. The composition of the solid system beryllium-oxygen can be varied within wide limits between beryllium oxide and pure beryllium by varying the evaporation rate at a fixed oxygen gas pressure. Increasing the metal content results in a decreasing transmission mainly due to absorption of light by small beryllium precipitates within the BeO film. The increasing conductivity with increasing beryllium content supports this hypothesis. Some results on thermally stimulated exoelectron emission after irradiation of thin BeO films with X-rays and γ-rays are presented. Pure untreated BeO films exhibit only a weak electron emission, but the emission is increased strongly by different heat treatments. These heat treatments indicate that water adsorption on the BeO surface makes an important contribution to the mechanism of thermally stimulated exoelectron emission. The thermally stimulated emission from beryllium oxide may find a useful application as a nearly tissue-equivalent solid state dosimeter for ionizing radiation; some dosimetric aspects of the investigations are discussed.
Quantitative Optical Imaging of Vascular Structure and Function in a Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Optical coherence tomography and hyperspectral imaging were used to monitor the vascular response to hind limb ischemia. Measurements showed increases in collateral vessel formation and hemoglobin saturation consistent with existing techniques.
How the OCLC CORC service is helping weave libraries into the Web

Powerful results can be achieved when librarians combine their knowledge access skills with the OCLC (Online Computer Library Centre) CORC (Cooperative Online Resource Catalogue) service. As a state‐of‐the‐art Web‐based metadata creation system, CORC is optimised for creating bibliographic records and pathfinders (subject bibliographies) for electronic resources. CORC has evolved from an idea in OCLC’s Office of Research through system development, to a core OCLC product offering in less than two years. As CORC use steadily increases worldwide, librarians continually find innovative ways to incorporate the service into their library workflow. Details about the OCLC CORC service, and examples of how three libraries are using CORC, are given. This is just the beginning for this cornerstone of OCLC’s strategic plan.
2nd Conference of the Robert A. Good immunology society primary immune deficiencies and immune reconstitution Harvard Medical Boston, November 16th, 17th.

In the 1950s, Robert A. Good and his team made a series of seminal discoveries that helped to identify the distinct—yet essential—role that the thymus and equivalents of the bursa of Fabricius in chicken have for development of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in many species, including man [1]. Dr. Good’s group had performed a series of experiments in rabbits and mice that showed the neonatal thymectomy affects not only the development of cell-mediated and anti-tumor immunity, but also the ability to mount vigorous antibody responses to what we now define T-dependent antigens [2]. Similar data on the critical role of the thymus were shared by other groups at a conference that Dr. Good organized in Minneapolis in 1962 [3]. DiGeorge syndrome was soon thereafter identified as the prototypic condition in humans in which impaired thymus development is associated with an increased occurrence of infections of viral and fungal origin, and reduced antibody production in spite of preserved immunoglobulin serum levels [4]. These discoveries led to the first attempts to achieve immune reconstitution in DiGeorge syndrome by thymus transplantation (Cleveland v 219) and in infants with SCID. Furthermore, Dr. Good postulated that the two major specific cellular components of immunity that are missing in infants with SCID could be presumed to descend from bone marrow-derived lymphoid cells, and that therefore, it should be possible to cure SCID by bone marrow transplantation. Indeed, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was successfully applied for the first time in humans in 1968, when Dr. Good and his team treated an infant with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) with intraperitoneal injection of bone marrow cells from his sister who has a single antigen mismatch at the HLA-A locus [5]. This experience confirmed Dr. Good’s hypothesis and opened the way for the use of HCT in the treatment of a variety of congenital and acquired human disorders. Perhaps less known is the fact that the first successful experience of HCT in humans was at the same time illustrative of some of the most significant complications of HCT. In particular, acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) due to mismatching at the HLA-A locus, was observed, that was solved upon a boosting bone marrow injection of