cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal Nerve Block

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by intense electric, shooting, and shock-like pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution on a unilateral side. The most common indication for performing TNB is trigeminal neuralgia refractory to medical treatment. The contraindications for performing TNB include the following: patient refusal, local infection, sepsis, coagulopathy, increased intracranial pressure, allergy to local anesthetics, and uncooperative patient. The classic approach may be utilized to perform a block/radiofrequency ablation at the level of the Gasserian ganglion, ophthalmic division, maxillary division, or mandibular division. The coronoid approach may be utilized for simultaneous maxillary and mandibular nerve block.
Validation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship-Driven Verigene Blood-Culture Gram-Negative Treatment Algorithm to Improve Appropriateness of Antibiotics

Rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) allows for early adjustment of antibiotic therapy. This study examined the potential impact of a stewardship-driven antibiotic treatment algorithm, incorporating RDT into the management of Gram-negative bacteremia. The proposed algorithm would have resulted in 88.4% of cases receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy versus 78.1% by standard of care (P = .014).
Technology scaling implications for BTI reliability

Abstract BTI has long been a concern for transistor reliability, and as such garnered significant attention for process optimization and qualification. Typically, the details of a given technology are reported in the literature at the time of qualification. However, not much attention is paid to the larger trends that emerge generation to generation. In this work, we describe the trends when scaling from the 90 nm to 14 nm technology nodes, detail the implications of scaling and architecture changes, as well as discuss the challenges associated with modeling BTI as technologies evolve.
Polarimetry and Magnetic Fields

This chapter is about the use of polarimetry to investigate magnetic fields in interstellar clouds. The four main topics are as follows: the role of magnetic fields in dense clouds, the effects used to detect magnetic fields, the processes that cause dust grains to become aligned with respect to magnetic fields, and the instrumentation and techniques used to detect polarized emission at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths.
Safety Stop: A Valuable Addition to the Pediatric Universal Protocol

Problem Definition The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Joint Commission requirements state that the time-out component of the Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, and Wrong Person Surgery™ must be performed just prior to incision. A mock Joint Commission survey at one institution revealed that the time-out was performed prior to preparation and draping (P&D) of the patient, not afterward, representing both a patient and regulatory risk. Approach The multidisciplinary perioperative quality improvement team at a freestanding, quaternary care, academic pediatric hospital led the development of a new time-out process. An enhanced pediatric Universal Protocol, which included a new component, the safety stop, was created. The safety stop occurred just prior to P&D of the patient, and the time-out was performed just prior to incision, aligning with WHO recommendations. After electronic correspondence and several perioperative leadership meetings, the enhanced pediatric Universal Protocol was initiated. Compliance audits were performed to demonstrate comprehensive adoption. Outcomes In seven operating room locations, 60 audits were completed in four weeks, with 96.7% (58/60) demonstrating compliance with the new policy. During a subsequent Joint Commission accreditation survey, the enhanced pediatric Universal Protocol with inclusion of the safety stop was highlighted as a leading practice. Key Insights Although initially it was believed that moving the time-out from prior to P&D to just prior to incision would be a simple solution, flow mapping the complete time-out process identified significant risk of wrong-site or wrong-patient surgery with this solution. This risk was exacerbated by the small body size of pediatric patients being obscured by draping on a typical operating room table.
IIP 3 estimation from gain compression of RF power amplifiers

The operating characteristics of power amplifier are specified by the communication application: linearity and efficiency are important performance parameters. The power-based 1 dB compression point (P 1dB ), two-tone third-order intermodulation distortion ratio (IMD 3 ), and input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP 3 ) measure the nonlinear characteristic of amplifiers. This work reviews previous research that shows IIP 3 estimation from the gain compression point [1] for linear amplifiers. The technique is applied to several commercial power amplifiers and works well with Class-A power amplifiers. To improve the fitting method, both residual analysis and standard error coefficient terms are added for accurate estimation of IIP 3 .
Morphometric analysis of the extramacular retina from postmortem eyes with retinitis pigmentosa.

PURPOSE To evaluate the degree of inner retinal preservation in the extramacular regions of postmortem retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes. METHODS Eighteen RP retinas and 11 age-matched healthy retinas were sectioned for morphometric analysis by light microscopy. The 18 RP retinas were classified by disease severity and mode of inheritance. Cell nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were counted in adjacent 125-microm segments from an area spanning the region between 4 mm and 10 mm from the fovea. RESULTS A mixed-effects model showed a decrease in mean cell counts for each of the cell layers when the severity groups and inheritance types compared with those of control retinas. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of nuclei preserved in the INL and GCL in the moderate group compared with the severe group. Results from the INL counts for the different inheritance types of RP showed a higher overall mean percentage of cells was preserved for the autosomal dominant RP (ADRP) group when compared with the X-linked (XLRP) and simplex RP groups. Analysis of the GCL counts revealed significantly more counts only in the ADRP group compared with the XLRP group; the other group comparisons were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Retinitis pigmentosa results in cell loss in all retinal layers, with the most profound loss in the ONL, followed by the GCL and then the INL. The preservation of the INL and GCL in the extramacular region is less than that previously reported for the macular region of the same retinas.
Real and Nominal Definitions

Defining is either giving the meaning of words or other linguistic things, which is called “nominal definition” or clarifying a given meaning, which is a proposition or property or relation, by showing it to be a compound of other propositions or properties or relations, which is called “real definition”.
Impacto de un programa de capacitación para la prevención de infecciones intrahospitalarias en un hospital general

espanolObjetivo: Incrementar la adherencia del personal de salud a tres practicas de control de infecciones a traves de una intervencion educativa. Material y metodologia: Durante 11 meses, 440 trabajadores de salud recibieron capacitacion en control de infecciones. Se aplico la capacitacion de instruccion suplementaria basada en videos (VSI), incidiendo en el la- vado de manos, uso de respirador N95 y prevencion de cortes y punciones con instrumental. Se realizo una evaluacion a los tres y a los seis meses post-intervencion. Resultados: Se obtuvo en el personal de salud un incremento en la adecuada tecnica del lavado de manos del 7% al 78% (p No se encontro diferencia en otros grupos poblacionales. Conclusion: La metodologia VSI tiene efectos positivos en la adopcion de practicas de control de infecciones en personal de salud EnglishObjective: To increase the adherence of health care workers to three infections control practices through an educational intervention. Methods: 440 health care workers were trained in infection control during the period of 11 months. The met- hodology training Video-based Supplemental Instruction (VSI) affecting three infection control practices: Wash hands, N95 respirator use and prevention of needle stick accidents. They were evaluated 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Results: Obtained health care workers increased from 7% to 78% (p Conclusion: The methodology VSI has positive effects on the adoption of infection control practices in health care workers
2 – Gas-fired combined-cycle power plant design and technology

: A combined cycle consists of combining two power cycles in series to obtain a high overall thermal efficiency, significantly higher than the individual efficiencies of the two cycles making up the combined cycle. In the combined cycle discussed in this chapter, a Brayton cycle or gas turbine is utilized for the topping cycle and a steam Rankine cycle for the bottoming cycle. Combined cycles come in a variety of sizes, depending on the size and number of gas turbines utilized, and may range from less than 10 MW to in excess of 500 MW while using a single gas turbine. In addition to having high thermal efficiencies, outstanding environmental performance, easy start-up and shut-down and low cooling water requirements, combined cycles have significantly lower staffing, capital cost and construction time requirements when compared to boiler based power plants. On the other hand, the clean fuels required by a combined cycle are significantly more expensive when compared to fuels such as coal and biomass that can be directly combusted in a boiler. Included in this chapter are a discussion of types of gas turbines for combined-cycle applications, types of steam cycles in combined-cycle plant, plant design and technology, fuel specifications, control technologies for criteria pollutants as well as for CO2 emissions, and limitations of gas-fired combined-cycle plants. Future trends for improvements in performance and emissions are also discussed.
Minimalist tree languages are closed under intersection with recognizable tree languages

Minimalist grammars are a mildly context-sensitive grammar framework within which analyses in mainstream chomskyian syntax can be faithfully represented. Here it is shown that both the derivation tree languages and derived tree languages of minimalist grammars are closed under intersection with regular tree languages. This allows us to conclude that taking into account the possibility of 'semantic crashes' in the standard approach to interpreting minimalist structures does not alter the strong generative capacity of the formalism. In addition, the addition to minimalist grammars of complexity filters is easily shown using a similar proof method to not change the class of derived tree languages.
Size exclusion chromatography of zein and xanthophylls: Optimization of operating parameters

Abstract Ethanol-soluble components of corn (zein and xanthophylls) were separated and purified by size exclusion chromatography. Aqueous ethanol was used as the solvent for the entire process from extraction through chromatography. The effect of operating and design parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, loading mass, loading volume, column height and diameter, on productivity and resolution of the components was studied. Using a one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach with 1 cm × 60 cm columns, optimum conditions were determined to be 40 °C temperature, 0.25 mL/min flow rate, volume loading of 22 mL corn extract, mass loading at 70 g/L of corn extract. All components could be resolved with base line separation with a 240 cm column length. Column diameter did not affect separation, implying linear scalability with constant flow distribution.
Parametrically stochastic linear differential equations

In this paper we study the asymptotic properties of a family of Ito equations. Various equestions about the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are resolved by using properties of the moments. In particular, the determinateness of the moment problem is related to a certain compactness condition of a Lie algebra associated with the infinitesimal generator of the process.
Are Neuropeptide-Reactive T Cells behind Narcolepsy?

Researchers have previously hypothesized autoimmune origins for narcolepsy on the basis of its strong genetic association with an MHC class II allele. In a recent issue of Nature, Latorre et al. (2018) discovered that narcolepsy patients had autoreactive T cells specific to the neuronal antigen hypocretin, providing more evidence of the potential immune origin of the disease.
Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study

The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. We sought to investigate the relationships of OC, a marker of bone formation, and CTX, a marker of bone resorption, with long-term incidence of hip fracture in older women. We included 1680 women from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (mean [SD] age 74.5 [5.0] years). The longitudinal association of both markers with incidence of hip fracture was examined using multivariable Cox models. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 288 incident hip fractures occurred. Linear spline analysis did not demonstrate an association between OC levels and incident hip fracture. By contrast, increasing levels of CTX up to the middle-upper range were associated with a significantly greater risk of hip fracture (HR = 1.52 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.10–2.09), while further increases were associated with a marginally non-significant lower risk (HR = 0.80 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01), after full adjustment for potential confounders. In analyses of quartiles, CTX exhibited a similar inverted U-shaped relationship with incident fracture after adjustment, with a significant association observed only for the comparison of quartile 3 to quartile 1 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.43). In a subset with available measures, both OC and CTX were inversely associated with bone mineral density of the hip. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in post-menopausal women, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. These findings highlight the complex relationship of bone turnover markers with hip fracture risk.
2017 ISO New England System Operational Analysis and Renewable Energy Integration Study - Highlights*

The generation mix of ISO New England is fundamentally changing. The representation of nuclear, coal and oil generation facilities is set to dramatically fall, and natural gas, wind and solar facilities will come to fill their place. Solar and wind introduce greater uncertainty and must be accurately forecasted. This paper introduces the findings of a study launched by ISO New England on 12 predefined scenarios, six for 2025 and six for 2030, with varying penetration of variable energy resources (VERs) as well as dispatchable generation. The heart of the study's methodology is a novel, but now extensively published, holistic assessment approach called the Electric Power Enterprise Control System (EPECS) simulator. The EPECS methodology has been published and validated by ISO New England. The findings of this study highlight the need for more holistic assessment of operational techniques such as in the determination of operating reserves and curtailment. For cases with high penetration of VERs (2025–3, 2030–2, 2030–3 and 2030–6) the study shows the system's inability to mitigate imbalances due to inadequate load-following, ramping and regulation reserves. The potential for congestion on the interfaces is also observed for these scenarios. In addition to these issues, the study highlights the integral role of curtailment in dealing with negative net load in the presence of “must-run” generation.
Angiomyomatous hamartoma in the inguinal lymph node: A case report and literature review

Abstract Angiomyomatous hamartoma is a rare vascular lesion of lymph nodes. There are fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. Angiomyomatous hamartoma at the resection site of previous lipoma has not been reported. We present a case of a 57-year-old white female with a left upper thigh mass located at the previous surgical site of the resection of a 15 cm, 505-glipoma 10 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1.7 × 3.1 × 2.9 cm soft tissue mass within the subcutaneous adipose tissues of her left upper thigh at the site of previous lipoma resection. No muscle or bone invasion was identified. The clinical impression was lipoma versus liposarcoma. The mass was surgically removed, and gross examination showed a tan-pink, well-demarcated soft mass with scalloped edges noted within the yellowish adipose tissue. The histologic sections revealed several lymph nodes with parenchymal replacement by smooth muscle bundles, adipose tissue, and blood vessels with a fibrous stroma. Caldesmon and desmin highlighted the muscular component. CD34 and CD31 stained the vascular endothelium. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of angiomyomatous hamartoma at the site of a previously resected lipoma. This unexpected finding adds an unusual differential diagnosis along with the far more common recurrent soft tissue tumor.
A Robust Spectral Clustering Algorithm for Sub-Gaussian Mixture Models with Outliers.

We consider the problem of clustering datasets in the presence of arbitrary outliers. Traditional clustering algorithms such as k-means and spectral clustering are known to perform poorly for datasets contaminated with even a small number of outliers. In this paper, we develop a provably robust spectral clustering algorithm that applies a simple rounding scheme to denoise a Gaussian kernel matrix built from the data points and uses vanilla spectral clustering to recover the cluster labels of data points. We analyze the performance of our algorithm under the assumption that the "good" data points are generated from a mixture of sub-gaussians (we term these "inliers"), while the outlier points can come from any arbitrary probability distribution. For this general class of models, we show that the misclassification error decays at an exponential rate in the signal-to-noise ratio, provided the number of outliers is a small fraction of the inlier points. Surprisingly, this derived error bound matches with the best-known bound for semidefinite programs (SDPs) under the same setting without outliers. We conduct extensive experiments on a variety of simulated and real-world datasets to demonstrate that our algorithm is less sensitive to outliers compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms proposed in the literature.
Method for Fabricating Depth-Specific TEM In Situ Tensile Bars

The growing use of ion irradiation to assess degradation of nuclear materials has created a need to develop novel methods to probe the mechanical response of shallow ion-irradiated layers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in situ mechanical testing can isolate the ion-irradiated layer from its unirradiated substrate. However, there is a lack of established procedures for preparing TEM in situ mechanical testing specimens from bulk materials requiring depth-specific examination, e.g., target dose on the ion irradiation damage profile. This study demonstrates a new method for extracting depth-specific TEM in situ tensile bars from a bulk specimen of Fe-5 wt.%Mo. Measured yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, Young’s modulus, and elongation are consistent with those properties obtained from similarly sized Fe and Mo single-crystal nanowires. Results are discussed in the context of the specimen size effect.
A PSGL-1 glycomimetic reduces thrombus burden without affecting hemostasis.

Abstract Events mediated by the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of venous thrombosis by facilitating the accumulation of leukocytes and platelets within the growing thrombus. Activated platelets and endothelium express P-selectin, which binds P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) that is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes. We developed a pegylated glycomimetic of the N terminus of PSGL-1, PEG40-GSnP-6 (P-G6), which proved to be a highly potent P-selectin inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for clinical translation. P-G6 inhibits human and mouse platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregation in vitro and blocks microcirculatory platelet-leukocyte interactions in vivo. Administration of P-G6 reduces thrombus formation in a nonocclusive model of deep vein thrombosis with a commensurate reduction in leukocyte accumulation, but without disruption of hemostasis. P-G6 potently inhibits the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway and represents a promising drug candidate for the prevention of venous thrombosis without increased bleeding risk.
Options Trading Activities and Corporate Cash Holdings

This paper examines the effects of options trading activities on corporate liquidity management. Based on a sample of 45,045 observations on U.S. non-financial firms from 1996 to 2016, we document a positive relationship between equity options trading intensity and corporate cash holdings. We address endogeneity concerns by using the instrumental variable approach, along with the CBOE's Penny Pilot Program as an exogenous shock. At the extensive margin, we find option listing to be associated with higher cash holdings, thus corroborating a causality interpretation of our baseline results. Studying the heterogeneous effects, we find the positive impact of options trading on cash reserves to be driven by firms where financial distress risk is high and debt-financed investments are constrained by liquidity issues. Moreover, options trading is positively associated with the cost of debt and marginal value of cash. Overall, these results suggest a precautionary saving motive due to active options markets that provide risk-shifting incentives to firms at the expense of outside creditors.
Impact of a pharmacist-driven tardive dyskinesia screening service.

Introduction Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is defined as involuntary movements that can develop with prolonged antipsychotic use. Regular monitoring using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is recommended to be conducted every 3 to 6 months for early recognition, although the AIMS is underused. Several studies have investigated risk factors that may be associated with TD, including age, sex, and long-term antipsychotic use. This study aimed to increase the monitoring and treatment of TD for those assessed to be at higher risk. Methods This was a prospective quality improvement study on the effectiveness of a psychiatric pharmacist-driven TD screening service (PPDTSS) in an inpatient psychiatric facility. Participants were composed of adult patients admitted between May and November 2018. Patients were screened daily by a clinical pharmacist and, if determined to be high risk based on studied risk factors, prioritized to receive a formal TD screening via the AIMS. The primary objective was to optimize standard of care by increasing the number of AIMS screenings conducted. The secondary objective was to increase the treatment of TD. Results A total of 402 patients were assessed prior to implementation of the PPDTSS, and 390 patients were screened following implementation. The PPDTSS increased the number of AIMS screenings attempted by 85.1% for high-risk individuals. Of the 75 patients who had an AIMS screening attempted in the postintervention group, 46 (61.3%) had an AIMS screening completed, of which 3 (6.5%) were positive. Discussion The results of this study demonstrate that psychiatric pharmacists can be used to improve the regular monitoring of patients at high risk for TD.
A Leadership Development Kōan: Vulnerability as Change Capacity:

How are organizations embracing the emotional complexity of the emerging organizational landscape? More specifically, how do leaders develop the capacity necessary to infuse the organization's emot...
How to Increase Usage of SSA’s Online Tools

Retiring baby boomers are increasing the demand for Social Security Administration (SSA) services at a time when budget constraints and retiring staff are limiting its capacity to deliver these services. In theory, investing in web-based tools that people can use to serve themselves could help SSA meet the projected increases in demand, even with fewer staff. But, despite investments in tools with significant labor-saving potential, such as online benefit application, usage of these tools has stalled since 2016. This study of online claiming is based on a survey of older individuals who either claimed their Old Age and Survivor (OASI) benefit in the past five years or intend to claim within the next five years. The survey covered: 1) how they submitted (or intend to submit) their benefit application; and 2) how they communicated (or intend to communicate) with SSA during the process.
Carrier confinement in 1300-nm InGaAsN quantum-well lasers

Theoretical and experimental analysis of carrier transport in high-performance 1300-nm InGaAsN QW lasers, indicate significant thermionic hole leakage. Experimental optimization of the InGaAsN QW lasers by suppressing the carrier leakage, results in an extremely-low threshold current density of only 440 A/cm/sup 2/ at temperatures of 90/spl deg/C.
From Tacoma to Thermal Diffusion

Uncle Phil and the Atomic Bomb . By John Abelson and Philip H. Abelson . Roberts, Greenwood Village, CO, 2007. 151 pp. $25. ISBN 9780974707778. Pieced together by John Abelson from an unpublished autobiographical sketch by his uncle and various conversations, the book offers a first-person account of Phil Abelson9s life and research
Dopamine receptor of the porcine anterior pituitary gland. Solubilization and characterization.

Abstract In the anterior pituitary gland, dopamine controls the release of prolactin from the mammotrophs. The dopamine receptors in the porcine gland have been shown to exist in two different affinity states of equal proportion, one bearing high affinity for agonists and labeled by 3H-agonist-ligands and the other displaying low affinity for agonists. Both forms of the receptor can be labeled by 3H-antagonist-ligands. Dopamine receptors from porcine anterior pituitary membranes can be solubilized with retention of their ability to interact with specific dopaminergic ligands. Treatment of membrane preparations with 1% digitonin resulted in the solubilization of 20–25% of the specific binding sites labeled by [3H]spiroperidol with a specific activity of about 100 fmoles/mg. The receptor was a glycoprotein as assessed by the interaction of these binding sites with agarose-immobilized lectin. [3H]Spiroperidol binding in solubilized preparations was saturable, of high affinity (KD = 570 pM), and to a single class of stereoselective binding sites. Agonist competition for [3H]spiroperidol binding indicated that, whereas the solubilized receptor retained its dopaminergic specificity, the high-affinity interactions of the receptor with agonists present in membranes and sensitive to guanine nucleotides were lost in solubilized preparations. Thus, the KD values calculated from the agonist competition curves for [3H]spiroperidol corresponded to the agonist bffinities for the low-affinity state of the receptor documented in membranes. However, high-affinity agonist binding and its sensitivity to guanine nucleotides were preserved when the membrane-bound receptor was prelabeled with the agonist [ 3 H ]N-n- propylnorapomorphine prior to solubilization. These results suggest that a component that confers agonist high-affinity binding and guanine nucleotide responsiveness to the receptor is lost during solubilization unless a stable complex is formed with the agonist prelabeled receptor prior to solubilization.
A sinusoidal line current rectifier using a zero-voltage switching step-up converter

A rectifier circuit which draws sinusoidal input current from the line is described and its experimental implementation is discussed. The circuit uses a zero-voltage switching technique to reduce switching losses. The advantages and disadvantages of such a circuit compared with those of conventional input current shaping circuits are listed. >
The role of the housing market in the migration response to employment shocks

The United States is known for the ability of its residents to move to where the jobs are, and this has helped the nation maintain its position as the world’s top economy. Households’ decisions to move depend not only on job prospects but also on the relative cost of housing. I investigate how the housing market affects the flow of workers across cities. This occurs through at least two channels: the relative mobility of homeowners versus renters, and the relative cost of housing across markets. I use homeownership rates to measure the former, and use an index that measures house prices across metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs); the price elasticity of housing supply; and the growth rate of house prices to capture the latter. ; To show how variation in these factors affects cross-city migration, I estimate a VAR model of migration, employment, wages, house prices, and new housing supply using data from 277 U.S. MSAs for 1990–2006. The impulse response functions based on employment supply and demand shocks show substantial variation when evaluated at different values of the homeownership rate, the price elasticity of housing supply, relative housing prices, and their growth rates. I also allow for spillover effects in the model that reflect the impact of a labor demand shock in the nearest city.
Efficacy of Dimethyl Dicarbonate Against Yeasts Associated with Washington State Grapes and Wines

Efficacies of dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) against yeasts associated with grapes and wines were evaluated. Addition of the legal limit of DMDC (200 mg/L) to grape musts initially inoculated with 102 cfu/mL (low population) or 105 cfu/mL (high population) of Candida californica, C. oleophila, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Meyerozyma caribbica, Mey. guilliermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Wickerhamomyces anomalus resulted in declines of several logs. However, populations in excess of 106 cfu/mL were observed within days regardless of the initial inoculum. In contrast, culturability of Zygosaccharomyces bailii inoculated into grape must (low populations) or wine (low or high populations) did not recover after treatment with DMDC. In wines, low populations of Brettanomyces bruxellensis I1a or E1 declined after DMDC addition while culturability returned for F3 no matter the initial inoculum. Treatment of wines using commercial dosing equipment resulted in a gradual loss of culturability of Brettanomyces when inoculated at 104 cfu/mL while the concentrations of volatile phenols remained unchanged after >3 years of storage. Practical Applications Upon exposure to dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), initial loss of culturability was noted for several yeasts, most dramatically for Zygosaccharomyces bailii present in wine. Conversely, species of Candida, Metschnikowia, Meyerozyma, Saccharomyces and Wickerhamomyces examined achieved high populations in grape must within a few days after application. DMDC was generally effective against Brettanomyces under laboratory and commercial scale conditions but differences between responses were noted between strains. Although the additive initially reduced culturable populations, DMDC did not completely eradicate yeasts present in grape musts or wines and therefore may not provide long-term microbiological stability.
Equine fractures: The importance of the soft tissues

Summary The case report by Elce and Goodrich in the current issue highlights 3 aspects of fracture management related to the soft tissues. The soft tissues are not always easily and completely assessed at initial fracture evaluation, and can be a source of ongoing pain, dysfunction and treatment failure even following successful fracture healing, and will be a vital component of the structural stability of some fracture repairs. This commentary explores these 3 aspects of fracture management in the horse.
Obstructive sleep apnoea during REM sleep and incident non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure: a longitudinal analysis of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort

Background Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with incident non-dipping. However, the relationship between disordered breathing during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the risk of developing non-dipping has not been examined. This study investigates whether OSA during REM sleep is associated with incident non-dipping. Methods Our sample included 269 adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who completed two or more 24 h ambulatory BP studies over an average of 6.6 years of follow-up. After excluding participants with prevalent non-dipping BP or antihypertensive use at baseline, there were 199 and 215 participants available for longitudinal analysis of systolic and diastolic non-dipping, respectively. OSA in REM and non-REM sleep were defined by apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) from baseline in-laboratory polysomnograms. Systolic and diastolic non-dipping were defined by systolic and diastolic sleep/wake BP ratios >0.9. Modified Poisson regression models estimated the relative risks for the relationship between REM AHI and incident non-dipping, adjusting for non-REM AHI and other covariates. Results There was a dose–response greater risk of developing systolic and diastolic non-dipping BP with greater severity of OSA in REM sleep (p-trend=0.021 for systolic and 0.024 for diastolic non-dipping). Relative to those with REM AHI Conclusions Our findings indicate that in a population-based sample, REM OSA is independently associated with incident non-dipping of BP.
Experience and expertise regarding orthodontic management of childhood and adolescent cancer survivors

Introduction Great strides in pediatric cancer treatment are allowing hundreds of thousands of children to survive into adulthood. However, these treatments can be responsible for long-term medical and dental complications. The treatments may alter the patients’ dental health and require modifications to standard orthodontic care. The aim of this study was to examine knowledge and clinical experience regarding orthodontic management of childhood cancer survivors. Methods A 12-question online survey consisting of 3 sections was sent to 2500 randomly selected members of the American Association of Orthodontists and all 2300 members of the Southern Association of Orthodontists. The first section consisted of questions about the respondents’ practice characteristics, the second questioned how many survivor patients the respondent had treated, and the third included questions about specific (anonymous) patient experiences and treatment modifications. Results and Conclusions There were 381 responses. The data from this study suggest a tendency for more experienced practitioners to have treated survivors of childhood cancer. Orthodontic education regarding the treatment of these patients is limited. Although most orthodontists reported having treated such patients, few had treated more than 10. There is a need for more information regarding dental complications of pediatric cancer treatment and for guidelines for the orthodontic treatment of these patients.
Mercury Hydride Ions in the Mass Spectrometer

MERCURY hydride has been studied in optical spectroscopy; but little has been published on the formation of hydrides in the mass spectrometer.
Stigma Consciousness Concerns Related to Drug Use and Sexuality in a Sample of Street-Based Male Sex Workers

Abstract Measurement of, and response to, three different stigmas and their exposure (homosexual behavior, sex work, and drug use) were studied a group of 90 key-informant recruited male sex workers in Houston, Texas who were over 18 and had exchanged sex for money in the previous 7 days. Respondents reported on self-identified sexual orientation and were interviewed, including providing responses on a measure of perceived stigma relating to sexual behavior and drug use. Two thirds were white, almost all had used drugs (many in the past week), and half had ever injected. A fifth identified as heterosexual, with the remainder split between gay and bisexually-identified men. There was a high level of homelessness and contact with the criminal justice system for drug and property offences. Consciousness about drug-related stigma was moderately associated with concerns about drug-related exposure and sensitivity to rejection as a drug user, but not to exposure as homosexual or as a sex worker. Drug-using stat...
A Protein Kinase, Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase9, Interacts with Calcium Sensor Calcineurin B-Like Protein3 and Regulates Potassium Homeostasis under Low-Potassium Stress in Arabidopsis

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that Calcineurin B-Like Protein1 (CBL1) or CBL9 and CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase23 (CIPK23) regulate K+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots by modulating K+ channel Arabidopsis K+ Transporter1. In this study, we show that the protein kinase CIPK9 interacts with the calcium sensor CBL3 and plays crucial roles in K+ homeostasis under low-K+ stress in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis wild-type plants showed leaf chlorotic symptoms when grown for 10 d on low-K+ (100 μm) medium. Here, we show that plants lacking CIPK9 displayed a tolerant phenotype to low-K+ stress, which still maintained green leaves when the wild-type plants showed typical K+-deficient symptoms. Overexpressing lines of CIPK9 resulted in a low-K+-sensitive phenotype compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, CBL2 and CBL3 were identified as upstream regulators of CIPK9. Both CBL2- and CBL3-overexpressing lines displayed similar low-K+-sensitive phenotypes and K+ contents to CIPK9-overexpressing lines. However, only cbl3 mutant plants, but not cbl2 mutant plants, showed the low-K+-tolerant phenotype similar to cipk9 mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CIPK9 and CBL3 work together and function in K+ homeostasis under low-K+ stress in Arabidopsis.
Detection of Measurement Outliers in Tracer Kinetics

Abstract In tracer kinetic studies for extracting biological information, measurement noise and error in the kinetics could affect the reliability of the estimated biological parameters. While the effect of statistical noise has been studied extensively before, the effect of outliers has not been addressed as much. In this study, we described an algorithm for detecting and removing outliers. Computer simulation was used to generate kinetic data sets corresponding to those of the FDG tracer used in PET studies to evaluate the effect of outliers and the performance of the outlier detection algorithm. Results show that outlier could increase drastically the variability of the estimated rate constants of FDG transport and phosphorylation. The outlier detection algorithm imbedded in a regular model fitting procedure was found to have a low probability of missing outliers in the kinetics. The probability of falsely identifying non-outliers as outliers was high, but these false positive detections did not affect the reliability of the biological estimates. With the outlier detection, the variability of the parameter estimates in the simulated FDG kinetics with outliers could be reduced by a factor of more than 5. The present study demonstrated the importance of outlier detection in interpreting tracer kinetics. Some areas for future studies are also discussed.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation With Combined Modality Therapy for Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is a significant problem for many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The earlier data reported a high incidence of CNS metastasis in patients with locally advanced NSCLC who were treated with radiotherapy alone. However, poor control of both thoracic and extracranial systemic disease dominated the results of the early trials. The risk for CNS metastasis as the first site of failure remains a significant concern for patients who have completed modern combined modality therapy. With improvements in the treatment of thoracic and systemic disease, there is renewed interest in prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). The results from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial of PCI to prevent CNS relapse in patients with locally advanced NSCLC are anticipated.
Modality effects in the coding reproduction of rhythms

The temporal coding assumption is that time of presentation is coded more accurately for auditory events than for visual events. This assumption has been used to explain the modality effect, in which recall of recent auditory events is superior to recall of recent visual events. We tested the temporal coding assumption by examining the coding and reproduction of quintessentially temporal stimuli-rhythms. The rhythms were produced by sequences of short and long auditory stimuli or short and long visual stimuli; in either case, the task was to reproduce the temporal sequence. The results from four experiments demonstrated reproduction of auditory rhythms superior to that of visual rhythms. We conclude that speech-based explanations of modality effects cannot accommodate these findings, whereas the findings are consistent with explanations based on the temporal coding assumption.
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: Increasing incidence in renal allograft recipients transplanted in recent years

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: Increasing incidence in renal allograft recipients transplanted in recent years. Background Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a serious complication of transplantation caused by immunosuppressive drugs. In this study, we assessed the incidence of PTDM and the factors that are associated with the development of this complication. Methods The study population included 2078 non-DM renal allograft recipients, transplanted since 1983 in one institution. PTDM was diagnosed by the requirement of hypoglycemic medications, starting more than 30 days after transplantation. Post-transplant, all patients received cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone, but none of these patients received tacrolimus. Results At 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after transplantation, 7, 10, 13, and 21% of patients developed PTDM. By multivariate Cox, the following variables correlated with a more rapid increase in the number of PTDM cases: ( 1 ) older age (RR = 2.2 comparing patients younger or older than 45 years, P 2 ) transplant done after 1995 (RR = 1.7, P = 0.003), ( 3 ) African American race (RR = 1.6, P = 0.003), and ( 4 ) higher body weight at transplant (RR = 1.4, P P P P P Conclusions The risk of PTDM increases continuously with time post-transplant. There has been an increase in the incidence of PTDM in patients transplanted recently, and that increase can be explained only partially by changes in the recipients' characteristics. We postulate that this increase may be due to the introduction of better absorbed CsA formulations that result in higher blood levels and higher cumulative exposure to this diabetogenic drug.
Perceptions of resource regulation: A comparison of North Carolina fishermen and managers

Abstract This paper compares the attitudes of coastal North Carolina commercial fishermen and state fisheries management personnel. Survey and ethnographic data show managerial policies well aligned with fishermen's attitudes. Regulations already in effect received the support of a majority of the commercial fishermen: e.g., restricted seasons (shrimp), restricted access (oysters and clams), and catch limits (striped bass, flounder, and channel bass). Other aspects of the policy‐making process generated significant disagreements, for example, the relative influence of various marine interest groups, of the expected effects of the FCMA on future fish abundance, and of the proper balance
Decision Making In Logistics: A Chaos Theory Based Analysis

Abstract Logistics in general is a complex system. In this paper we investigate the existence of chaos In logistics systems. Such an Investigation Is necessary to use appropriate and correct methods for further analysis, as linear systems techniques will not be useful. If a system exhibits chaos, decision-making should consider the system characterization parameters from a chaos theory perspective. In this paper, we consider a non-preemptive queuing model and its extensions to the logistics domain. A prototypical supply chain example is used and the resulting behavior is characterized. At certain Input values the behavior of the logistics system exhibits chaos. This Information is useful for further analysis for prediction and control. The working prototype is implemented in the DARPA Couggar agent architecture.
Metalloporphyrins for the treatment of neonatal jaundice.

Purpose of reviewTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of metalloporphyrins for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Recent findingSince the 1980s and 1990s, there have been no publications on trials to determine the efficacy of metalloporphyrins in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. In the p
Mobility and Raw Material Use at the Hunting Camp Spring Site (35WA96), Blue Mountains, Oregon

Analysis of lithic artifacts from the Hunting Camp Spring site (35WA96) in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon provides insight into the technological organization of late prehistoric populations in the southern Columbia Plateau. Results of debitage and tool analyses suggest that raw material quality and availability, in terms of the stone's proximity to the site area and its relative local abundance, were the prime factors in the production of formal tools at the site. In addition, black and, site, a locally abundant and highly durable stone, was the preferred raw material for expedient tool use. Locations of raw material sources, as well as a concentric zone model of land-use (Reid and Gallison, 1993a; Sampson, 1988), provide a basis for understanding hunter-gatherer mobility within the region.
Theory for charge states of energetic oxygen ions in the Earth's radiation belts

Fluxes of geomagnetically trapped energetic oxygen ions have been studied in detail. Ion distributions in radial locations below the geostationary orbit, energy spectra between 1 keV and 100 MeV, and the distribution over charge states have been computed for equatorially mirroring ions. Both ionospheric and solar wind oxygen ion sources have been considered, and it is found that the charge state distributions in the interior of the radiation belts are largely independent of the charge state characteristics of the sources. In the MeV range, oxygen ions prove to be a more sensitive probe for radiation belt dynamics than helium ions and protons.