cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3547: In vitro and ex vivo anti-leukemia activity of AR-67, a novel lipophilic camptothecin

BACKGROUND: The overall survival and disease-free rates for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) patients treated with the gold-standard therapy comprised of Cytarabine (Ara-C) and Daunorubicin (DNR) remain significantly low. Camptothecins are potent anticancer drugs that confer their cytotoxic effect by interfering with Topoisomerase-I (Top1). Semi-synthetic camptothecin analogues have been used in the past to treat AML patients with relatively low response rates. Here, we examined the anti-leukemia activity of AR-67, a novel camptothecin analogue, alone or in combination with standard agents for the treatment of AML. METHODS: The anti-leukemia activity of AR-67, TPT, Ara-C and DNR was studied in HL60, KG1 and K562 cells and in primary leukemia cell cultures after exposure to increasing drug concentrations for 48 hours. Cell proliferation was determined using a colorimetric assay (MTT) assay and IC50s were obtained using nonlinear-regression analysis. Drug combination treatments were assessed for synergy. The expression of Top1, phosphohistone (γ-H2AX), Bcl-2 and c-PARP were evaluated using biochemical assays. RESULTS: The potency of AR-67 was in the nM range in the leukemic cell lines. Consistent with the lower proliferation rates of primary cells grown in culture, their IC50 values were variable and in the µM range. IC50s estimated for TPT were higher than the respective ones for AR-67. The IC50 values for Ara-C and DNR were in the μM range for the HL60, K562 and primary cells, and higher than the ones for AR-67. However, the KG-1 cell line appeared to be more sensitive to the AML gold standard therapy, but not as sensitive as to AR-67. AR-67 treatment decreased Top1 expression, increased γ-H2AX expression in a concentration-dependent manner suggesting removal of DNA-Top1 complexes and formation of double strand DNA breaks. Induction of apoptosis was manifested by decreased Bcl-2 and increased c-PARP expression suggesting a caspace-3 mediated effect. AR-67 combination treatments that included DNR and Ara-C showed synergy in HL60 cells. Additionally, pretreatment with Ara-C revealed synergy between AR-67 and DNR in both the KG1 and K562 cells, accompanied by increased γ-H2AX and c-PARP expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate AR-67 as a potent anticancer agent that induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Using in vitro leukemia models we have shown that AR-67 is a potentially efficacious agent when combined with standard agents for the treatment of AML and may benefit AML patients resistant to Ara-C. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3547
Inadvertent Atrioventricular Block During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Results of the Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation Registry

Background Inadvertent atrioventricular block is a complication of radiofrequency ablation. The present study is an analysis of the incidence, significance, and factors associated with inadvertent atrioventricular block during radiofrequency catheter ablation in childhood and adolescence. Methods and Results The records of the Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation Registry were reviewed. Between January 1, 1991, and April 1, 1994, atrioventricular block occurred in 23 of 1964 radiofrequency ablations (1.2%): 14 as third-degree block (3 transient) and 9 as second-degree block (5 transient). Atrioventricular block occurred from 5 seconds to 2 months (mean, 4.1 days; median, 15 seconds) after the onset of the energy application. Eight transient cases lasted 1 hour to 1 month (mean, 9.4 days; median, 7 days). Inadvertent atrioventricular block was related to the ablation anatomic site: 3 of 111 (2.7%) anteroseptal, 11 of 106 (10.4%) midseptal, and 2 of 197 (1.0%) right posteroseptal sites (P=.0007 for anterosepta...
The Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient Using Nanofluidic Channels

The behavior of molecules confined within nanochannels may provide new insight into important chemical and biological mechanisms. As such, the ability to measure the diffusion coefficient of molecules accurately and rapidly is critical. Toward this end, we demonstrate a new method for measuring the diffusion coefficient of analytes in nanoscale environments. Based on nanoscale electrokinetic transport theory, a numerical simulation was developed to determine the spatial concentration of analyte within a nanofluidic T-shaped channel for a given Peclet number. The resulting concentration profiles were compared to experimental data to determine the Peclet number that gives the minimum least-square error. Using this approach, the diffusion coefficient of sodium fluorescein was measured and found to be within the error of previously published values. This method is envisioned to be a novel analytical tool to rapidly and accurately measure diffusion coefficients of small analytes, and to measure the effective diffusion coefficients of more complex species such as DNA and peptides when confined within a nanochannel.© 2007 ASME
RNA synthesis in male pronuclei of the sea urchin.

Abstract Transcription in male pronuclei of fertilized sea urchin eggs was measured by comparison of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA in polyspermic, monospermic and activated eggs under conditions where uptake of the isotope and conversion to UTP were equivalent. RNA accumulation from male pronuclei begins by S phase of the first cell cycle. Initiation of this RNA synthesis does not require DNA synthesis. A major fraction of the newly synthesized transcripts are mRNAs coding for early embryo (α-) histones. In addition, several other unidentified transcripts are detected by gel electrophoresis. The pattern of RNA transcription remains constant for at least 4 h post-fertilization. These results demonstrate that specific transcription of male pronuclear sequences is activated in the first cell cycle following fertilization.
Nucleotide polymorphism and evolution in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapA) in natural populations of Salmonella and Escherichia coli.

Abstract Nucleotide sequences of the gapA gene, encoding the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were determined for 16 strains of Salmonella and 13 strains of Escherichia coli recovered from natural populations. Pairs of sequences from strains representing the eight serovar groups of Salmonella differed, on average, at 3.8% of nucleotide sites and 1.1% of inferred amino acids, and comparable values for E. coli were an order of magnitude smaller (0.2% and 0.1%, respectively). The rate of substitution at synonymous sites was significantly higher for codons specifying the catalytic domain of the enzyme than for those encoding the NAD(+)-binding domain, but the nonsynonymous substitution rate showed the opposite relationship. For Salmonella, statistical tests for nonrandom clustering of polymorphic sites failed to provide evidence that intragenic recombination or gene conversion has contributed to the generation of allelic diversity. The topology of a tree constructed from the gapA sequences was generally similar to that of phylogenetic trees of the strains based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, but the level of divergence of gapA in Salmonella group V from other Salmonella and E. coli strains is much greater than that indicated by DNA hybridization for the genome as a whole.
Is a prostate cancer screening anxiety measure invariant across two different samples of age-appropriate men?

In order to explore the influence of anxiety on decision–making processes, valid anxiety measures are needed. We evaluated a prostate cancer screening (PCS) anxiety scale that measures anxiety related to the prostate–specific antigen (PSA) test, the digital rectal examination (DRE), and the decision to undergo PCS (PCS-D) using two samples in different settings. We assessed four psychometric properties of the scale using baseline data from a randomized, controlled decision aid trial (n = 301, private clinic; n = 149, public). The 3-factor measure had adequate internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 3–factor model did not have adequate fit. When subscales were considered separately, only the 6–item PCS-D anxiety measure had adequate fit and was invariant across clinics. Our results support the use of a 6–item PCS-D anxiety measure with age-appropriate men in public and private settings. The development of unique anxiety items relating to the PSA test and DRE is still needed.
Anthramycin inhibition of restriction endonuclease cleavage and its use as a reversible blocking agent in DNA constructions

Abstract Anthramycin can form a stable complex with DNA which does not dissociate upon repeated ethanol precipitations. The complex forms in less than one hour at pH 5.5. Bound anthramycin seems to be located in the minor groove of the DNA helix in the anthramycin DNA complex, since methylation of adenosine residues at N-3 by dimethylsulfate is reduced. The anthramycin-DNA complex is resistant to digestion by an excess of a number of restriction enzymes. Anthramycin can be removed from DNA by incubation at acid pH. The released DNA can then be cleaved by restriction enzymes. Anthramycin-DNA complexes can be acted upon by T4 polynucleotide ligase to form longer DNA molecules. The ability of anthramycin to form a stable but reversible complex which is not cleaved by restriction enzymes but can engage in joining reactions may allow a wider variety of DNA fragments to be more readily constructed in vitro.
Sustainability Considerations in Capital Budgeting Decisions: A Survey of Financial Executives

This study focuses on the environmental dimension of sustainability and examines the impact of sustainability on capital investment decisions. In particular, the study aims to reveal whether the extent to which an investment is considered to be in sustainable technologies affects capital investment decisions. Based on our analysis of responses to an online survey facitlitated by the IMA, the study finds that, for most companies the sustainaility dimension is not a significant consideration in capital investment decisions. That is, capital investment opportunities are evaluatred based on traditional financial measures, such as net present values and internal rates of return. Results are generally not affected by the existence of a formal sustainability program, company size, or whether the company is publicly or privately held.
Specific binding of 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin to gonadal tissue: Comparison of limited-point saturation analyses to Scatchard analyses for determining binding capacities and factors affecting estimates of binding capacity

Experiments were conducted to compare gonadotropin binding capacity calculated from limited-point saturation analyses to those obtained from Scatchard analyses, and to test the effects of membrane purity and source of gonadotropin receptors on determining the maximum percentage of radioiodinated hormone bound to receptors (maximum bindability). One- to four-point saturation analyses gave results comparable to results by Scatchard analyses when examining relative binding capacities of receptors. Crude testicular homogenates had lower estimates of maximum bindability of 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin than more purified gonadotropin receptor preparations. Under similar preparation techniques, some gonadotropin receptor sources exhibited low maximum bindability.
Long-term impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals (ACTG 5097s).

AbstractBackground: Efavirenz (EFV) is an antiretroviral (ARV) drug associated with neuropsychological effects. Limited data describing the long-term impact of EFV-based regimens on neuropsychological performance over more than 3 years are available. Methods: We enrolled a subset of participants from a large initially EFV placebo-controlled trial of therapies for HIV subjects naive to ARV treatment (A5095). Clinical follow-up continued for 184 weeks of study. Subjects were assessed with brief neuropsychological testing, a symptom questionnaire of EFV-associated symptoms, the Pittsburgh Sleep Index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and an anxiety rating interview. Results: Over 184 weeks on EFV, the median NPZ3 score in 86 evaluable patients improved from baseline by +0.5 (p < .01); all components improved, although higher EFV levels were associated with slightly lower responses. Overall symptom scores did not change, while EFV-associated CNS symptoms increased (p = .01). Median change of...
Reports of the death of CB1 antagonists have been greatly exaggerated: recent preclinical findings predict improved safety in the treatment of obesity.

CB1 antagonists, including rimonabant (SR 141716A), hold considerable therapeutic potential in the reduction of appetite and lipogenesis and in improving the metabolic profile of obese individuals and those with diabetes. However, rimonabant has not been approved in the USA because of its numerous s
Application of a Maritime Framework to Space: Deep Space Conflict and Warfare Scenario

This article considers how Klein’s argument for the use of a maritime framework for space warfare is buoyed by the consideration of deep space conflict both in application to terrestrial wars and in its own right. It describes the greater alignment of Corbett’s work with this deep space medium than with the orbital medium considered by Klein. Through this analysis, it suggests that possible futures need to consider the deep space medium, making Corbett/Klein’s model superior to other possible approaches.
A description of the mechanical behavior of composite solid propellants based on molecular theory

Both the investigation and the representation of the stress-strain response (including rupture) of gum and filled elastomers can be based on a simple functional statement. Internally consistent experiments are used to sort out the effects of time, temperature, strain and crosslink density on gum rubbers. All effects are readily correlated and shown to be essentially independent of the elastomer when considered in terms of non-dimensionalized stress, strain and time. A semiquantitative molecular theory is developed to explain this result. The introduction of fillers modifies the response, but, guided by the framework thus provided, their effects can be readily accounted for.
Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range.

Continued changes in climate are projected to alter the geographic distributions of plant species, in part by affecting where individuals can establish from seed. We tested the hypothesis that warming promotes uphill redistribution of subalpine tree populations by reducing cold limitation at high elevation and enhancing drought stress at low elevation. We seeded limber pine (Pinus flexilis) into plots with combinations of infrared heating and water addition treatments, at sites positioned in lower subalpine forest, the treeline ecotone, and alpine tundra. In 2010, first-year seedlings were assessed for physiological performance and survival over the snow-free growing season. Seedlings emerged in midsummer, about 5–8 weeks after snowmelt. Low temperature was not observed to limit seedling photosynthesis or respiration between emergence and October, and thus experimental warming did not appear to reduce cold limitation at high elevation. Instead, gas exchange and water potential from all sites indicated a prevailing effect of summer moisture stress on photosynthesis and carbon balance. Infrared heaters raised soil growing degree days (base 5 °C, p < 0.001) and August–September mean soil temperature (p < 0.001). Despite marked differences in vegetation cover and meteorological conditions across sites, volumetric soil moisture content (θ) at 5–10 cm below 0.16 and 0.08 m3 m−3 consistently corresponded with moderate and severe indications of drought stress in midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and respiration. Seedling survival was greater in watered plots than in heated plots (p = 0.01), and negatively related to soil growing degree days and duration of exposure to θ < 0.08 m3 m−3 in a stepwise linear regression model (p < 0.0001). We concluded that seasonal moisture stress and high soil surface temperature imposed a strong limitation to limber pine seedling establishment across a broad elevation gradient, including at treeline, and that these limitations are likely to be enhanced by further climate warming.
TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF DIVERSITY IN COAMFTE ACCREDITED DOCTORAL PROGRAMS

The use of the Internet is growing at a staggering pace. One significant use of the Internet is for potential students and the parents of potential students to explore educational possibilities. Along these lines potential marriage and family therapy students may have many questions that include a program's commitment to cultural diversity. This study utilized qualitative content analysis methodology in combination with critical race theory to examine how Commission On Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE) accredited doctoral programs represented cultural text on their World Wide Web pages. Findings indicate that many COAMFTE-accredited doctoral programs re-present programmatic information about diversity that appear to be incongruent with cultural sensitivity. These apparent incongruities are highlighted by the codification, inconsistent, and isolated use of cultural text. In addition, cultural text related to social justice was absent. Implications and suggestions are discussed.
Trimethylhalosilane elimination from trimethylsilylsubstituted gem-dihalocyclopropanes

Abstract The aluminum halide-catalyzed elimination of trimethylhalosilane from 1,1-dihalo-2-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropanes (XCl and Br) resulted in the formation of propargyl halides, HCCCH2X. Reaction of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-dimethyl-3-(trimethylsilyl) cyclopropane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol also resulted in elimination of trimethylchlorosilane; the organic product was 3-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-butyne, HCCCMe2OEt, and a mechanism involving β-elimination of trimethylchlorosilane to give 1-chloro-3,3-dimethylcyclopropene and reaction of the latter to produce the acetylenic ether is suggested.
On equivalent representations of certain multicommodity networks as single commodity flow problems

Several classes of multicommodity networks have been shown to have the property that they can be transformed to equivalent uncapacitated single commodity flow problems. We show that many of these networks can be further reduced to smaller, semi-capacitated flow problems using the inverse of a result of Ford and Fulkerson. This appears to be a useful computationally-oriented tool for developing practically efficient algorithms. These concepts are also used to establish a generalization of a previous result concerning multicommodity transportation problems.
A generalized approach to local regularization of linear Volterra problems in Lp spaces

A generalized version of local regularization is developed. The convergence criteria set forth in the generalization are shown to be realized naturally by a particular local regularization scheme when applied to finitely-smoothing linear Volterra convolution equations in the Banach spaces Lp(0, 1),?1 ? p ? ?. The method leads to convergence with a priori parameter selection for 1 < p < ? and under assumptions of increased regularity of the true solution for 1 ? p ? ?. Rates of convergence are established beyond those previously known for local regularization of this problem in C[0, 1] and under more general source conditions. Numerical examples are included to illustrate implementation and effectiveness of the method.
Transient thermoelastic deformations of 2-D functionally graded beams under nonuniformly convective heat supply

Abstract Numerical solutions obtained by the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method are presented for transient thermoelastic deformations of functionally graded (FG) beams. The MLPG method is a truly meshless approach, and neither the nodal connectivity nor the background mesh is required for solving the initial-boundary-value problem. In this study, the MLPG weak formulations associated with the governing equations of the transient-state thermal equilibrium and quasi-static mechanical equilibrium are given. The penalty method is adopted to efficiently enforce the essential boundary conditions, and the test function is chosen to equal the weight function of the moving least squares approximation. An example is demonstrated for an FG beam with thermoelastic moduli varying exponentially through the thickness direction under a nonuniformly convective heat supply. Results obtained from the MLPG method are found to agree well with those by the analytical solution. The nonhomogeneity of the material properties on the thermo-mechanical response of the FG beam is investigated. It is shown that temperature and deformation fields of FG beams in a transient state differ substantially from those at the steady state. Besides that, the rate of change of the heat supply on the transient responses is also delineated.
An evaluation of vertical growth in thin superficial spreading melanomas by sequential serial microscopic sections

In the decade since Breslow first described the technique of measuring tumor thickness in cutaneous melanoma and its prognostic significance, this measurement has become an integral part of the histologic evaluation of these tumors. In an attempt to define the effect of specimen sampling on this measurement, the authors compared their routine sampling method in which microscopic sections were examined at consecutive 3 mm intervals with one utilizing sequential microscopic serial sections of approximately 5 microns each in 19 cases of thin (less than 0.76 mm in depth) superficial spreading melanomas. All cases showed an increase in the measured maximum tumor thickness when serially sectioned, but neither deep dermal extension of melanoma nor angiolymphatic invasion by tumor were observed. Measured thickness in thin cutaneous melanoma is a function of the number of sections examined. The method of specimen sampling needs to be carefully defined and standardized in studies that attempt to define prognosis on the basis of tumor thickness. It is proposed that the routine sampling technique of the authors meets these criteria and that it be adopted as a standardized method of examining pigmented cutaneous specimens.
Evaluation of position tracking technologies for user localization in indoor construction environments

Abstract Evolving technologies such as location-aware computing offer significant potential of improving important decision-making tasks on construction sites by providing support for tedious and time-consuming tasks associated with timely and accurate access to project information. For example, rapid and convenient access to contextual project information, through continuous position tracking of engineers, managers, and inspectors, can lead to significant cost and time savings due to the accuracy and immediacy with which relevant project information can be made available to field personnel. Considering the spatial expanse and dynamic nature of typical construction projects, mobile users need to be constantly tracked both outdoors as well as indoors. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an attractive option for outdoor environments, but is not suitable for indoor applications because it needs a clear line-of-sight to orbital satellites in order to track position. As a result, alternate means of tracking users' location in indoor environments without relying on GPS is needed. This paper presents research that investigated the effectiveness of three wireless technologies for dynamic indoor user position tracking. In particular, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), and Indoor GPS positioning systems are evaluated and compared. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of Indoor GPS, in particular, to estimate a mobile user's location with relatively low uncertainty (1 to 2 cm).
The supply of dated outputs and the demand for dated inputs

The comparative-static relationships of the single-product, profit-maximizing firm are weltknown. The supply of output is directly related to its price, and the profit-maximizing and costminimizing demands for an input are inversely related to the input 's price.1 A time dimension is often added to these relationships by distinguishing between production in the short run and in the long run. Alternatively, production over time may be described by a multi-period framework in which the firm produces a dated output with many dated inputs. ~ The restrictions that can be placed on the supply of dated outputs and the demand for dated inputs are in certain instances surprisingly different from the familiar ones of the short and long-run cases. Consider a firm planning over an horizon dated 0, 1 . . . . . T. Where the rate of output in the t th period is yt , the production plan can be represented by the vec to ry = (,v °, y l . . . . . yT) and its market determined prices, by the vector p = (pO, p l . . . . . pT). L e t x t = (x[, x~, . . . . xnt ) denote the rates of employment of n inputs at period t when the objective is to maximize profit, and let ut = (ul, ut . . . . . urn) denote those rates when the goal is to minimize cost subject to a given vector y so that over the horizon x = (x °, x 1 . . . . . x:r) and u = (u °, u 1 . . . . . UT). Assume the firm faces the market determined prices of inputs wt = (w~, wt 2 . . . . . wtn) and w = ( w °, w 1 . . . . . w~).
Autoinflammation in 2010: expanding clinical spectrum and broadening therapeutic horizons

In 2010, important research into the systemic autoinflammatory diseases has confirmed and extended the role of IL-1 inhibition in hereditary autoinflammatory disorders, demonstrated a novel treatment for a dangerous complication, and expanded the spectrum of systemic autoinflammatory diseases while further implicating autoinflammation in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome.
The cost of lexical analysis

This paper examines a common design for a lexical analyser and its supporting modules. An implementation of the design was tuned to produce the best possible performance. In effect, many of the optimizations that one would expect of a production-quality compiler were carried out by hand. After measuring the cost of tokenizing two large programs with this version, the code was ‘detuned’ to remove specific optimizations and the measurements were repeated. In all cases, the basic algorithm was unchanged, so that the difference in cost is an indication of the effectiveness of the optimization. Comparisons were also made with a tool-generated lexical analyser for the same task. On the basis of the measurements, several specific design and optimization strategies are recommended. These recommendations are also valid for software other than lexical analysers.
A New Approach to Estimate Vehicle Emissions Using Inductive Loop Detector Data

Motor vehicles are significant contributors to urban air pollution and greenhouse gases. Common practice for estimating vehicle emissions in California calls for integrating travel forecasting models and emission models. However, static travel forecasting models are incapable of generating the detailed vehicle activity required for emission estimates. Further, the fleet mix is also assumed to be constant across different roadways and at all times of day. Therefore, this article attempts to develop a new approach to measure travel activity and vehicle mix using existing inductive loop detector data. However, this study does not intend to forecast future vehicle activity. The study found that current practices overestimate speeds as much as 5–25 mph, whereas the proposed method overestimates speed about 2 mph, compared to ground-truth speeds in a freeway corridor. Furthermore, contrary to current practice, the proposed model distinguishes the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) between light-duty vehicles and heav...
Advances in heart failure surgery

Heart failure is a major public health problem in the USA and in most Western countries. Nearly 5 million patients in the USA have heart failure with approximately 500,000 patients being diagnosed for the first time each year. Medical therapy is the first-line treatment, and surgery is considered when medical therapy fails or a clear mechanical cause of heart failure is identified and deemed correctable. Current surgical options include coronary revascularization, surgical correction of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular reconstruction, transmyocardial laser revascularization, ventricular assist devices, passive ventricular restraint devices, and cardiac transplantation. While a full discussion of cardiac transplantation is beyond the scope of this article, the other commonly performed procedures will be reviewed.
Modeling Interdependence: An Approach to Simulation and Elicitation

A method for eliciting probability information about jointly dependent random variables and incorporating that information directly in a method for generating simulated random variables is developed. The method is particularly useful in situations in which information on several interdependent variables is required. Applications in agriculture include whole-farm planning with uncertainty about multiple crop yields and prices.
The Behavior of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) during Queen Duels

Conflict is rare among the members of a highly cooperative society such as a honey bee colony. However, conflict within a colony increases drastically during colony reproduction (‘swarming’) when newly produced queens fight each other until only one queen remains in the nest. This study describes the behavior of queens and workers during naturally occurring queen combat. The duels of five pairs of queens were observed in three observation colonies. A typical duel is described qualitatively and the events of all five duels are described quantitatively. Several aspects of duels that are of particular interest are examined in detail, including the behavior of queens near capped queen cells, worker aggression toward queens, queen tooting, and the relation of queen and worker behavior to the outcome of the duel. The results of this investigation serve as a foundation for rigorous tests of hypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of queen and worker behavior during queen combat. The results presented suggest that: young queens patrol queen cells to kill rival queens while they are vulnerable; workers aggress queens to prevent them from destroying queen cells; queens toot to inhibit worker aggression; workers immobilize queens to make them easy targets for rival queens; and queens eject hind-gut contents to cause their rival to be immobilized by the workers.
Prediction of excited state energies for molecular nitrogen using quantum Monte Carlo methods

Using the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method, we estimated electronic excitation energies for four low-lying Frank–Condon states of dinitrogen. QMC trial function forms were examined, with single and multideterminant wave functions derived from configuration interaction (CI) and complete active space self-consistent field theory (CASSCF) calculations. Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) results compare favorably with TDHF, MRDCI, TDDFT, MR-CCSD, EOM-CCSD, and CASSCF which demonstrate the accuracy of QMC for these excited electronic states. The CASSCF constructed trial functions for QMC (QMC-CAS) and MR-CCSD deviate the least from the experimental values presented. Mean absolute deviation (MAD), or the difference between the calculated result and the experimental value divided by the total number of calculated results, is provided for each method. The least favorable MAD is obtained by the multideterminant and single determinant CISD trial function used for VMC calculations at 1.67 and 1.32, respectively. The lowest three MAD's are provided by the multideterminant CASSCF-VMC (0.23), the multideterminant CASSCF-DMC (0.14), and the MR-CCSD (0.13) calculation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Unique organization and regulation of the mrx fimbrial operon in Xenorhabdus nematophila.

Xenorhabdus nematophila, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Proteus clade of the family Enterobacteriaceae, forms a mutualistic association with the soil nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The nematode invades insects and releases Xenorhabdus into the haemolymph, where it participates in insect killing. To begin to understand the role of fimbriae in the unique life cycle of Xenorhabdus, the organization and expression of the mrx fimbrial operon was analysed. The mrx operon contained only five structural genes (mrxACDGH), making it one of the smallest chaperone-usher fimbrial operons studied to date. Unlike the mrp operon of Proteus mirabilis, a site-specific recombinase was not linked to the mrx operon. The intergenic region between the major fimbrial gene (mrxA) and the usher gene (mrxC) lacked a mrpB-like gene, but contained three tandem inverted repeat sequences located downstream of mrxA. A 940 nt mrxA-containing mRNA was the major transcript produced in cells growing on agar, while an mrx polycistronic mRNA was produced at low levels. A canonical σ 70 promoter, identified upstream of mrxA, was not subject to promoter inversion. Fimbriae were not produced in an lrp-mutant strain, suggesting that the leucine-responsive regulatory protein, Lrp, plays a role in the regulation of the mrx operon. These findings show that the genetic organization and regulation of the mrx operon is in several respects distinct from other chaperone-usher fimbrial operons.
SPSSI Council: A Collective Biography

A collective biography of the members of SPSSI Council from 1936–1986 was done and a comparison made to findings about SPSSI presidents of the same period [J. H. Capshew (1986), “Networks on Leadership: A Quantitative Study of SPSSI Presidents, 1936–1986,” Journal of Social Issues, 42(1), 75–106]. The results for the two groups are remarkably similar. Relatively few nonwhites and, until recently, few women have been elected to leadership positions. Clusters were found for geographic location as well as institutional affiliation. A distinct demographic trend was also found in terms of increasing identification with social psychology as both an area of training and major field of interest. These data suggest that professional networking has been a major factor in the emergence of SPSSI leadership at all levels.
The expectant management of early abnormal pregnancy: a pilot study

Abstract Objective: The traditional management of early nonviable pregnancy is surgical evacuation. Lately, we have seen a trend in favor of expectant management. The objectives of this pilot study were to: (1) compare surgical evacuation with expectant management, (2) improve patient counseling, and (3) determine if randomization is feasible in a study of this nature. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Patients from our public clinic, emergency department, and perinatology referral center were identified with nonviable early pregnancy of less than 8 weeks size. Patients could elect surgery or expectant management treatment, or could choose to be randomized into a treatment group. Surgical management followed standard guidelines. Expectant management included an ultrasound examination after passage, and a quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin test 2 weeks later. If there was no resolution after 8 weeks, surgery was recommended. All patients kept a diary of symptoms. Patients completed a satisfaction survey afterwards. A follow-up phone call determined onset of next menses. Results: Seventeen women enrolled. No woman elected randomization. Six chose surgery, while 11 chose expectant management. There were eight successful natural passages, averaging 6 days, and three crossovers to surgery. There were no differences in blood loss, pain medications, number of days of pain and cramping, return of menses, or patient satisfaction. The expectant management group had more days of bleeding. Conclusions: Expectant management is a reasonable alternative to surgery. Patients can be counseled as to what they might expect during this time. It is unlikely that a large randomized comparison trial is feasible.
Racing a Rising Tide: Global Warming, Rising Seas, and the Erosion of Human History

Forty years ago, Lewis Binford (1968) described postglacial sea level rise as one of the key factors in the development of agriculture and human civilizations. With sea levels rising roughly 120 me...
Long Gradient Index Lens Multiphoton Endoscopic Systems

We characterize long (up to 285 mm) GRIN lens endoscope systems for multiphoton imaging use. Axial and lateral point spread functions are presented.
Transient Temperature Cooling of Transformers: II - Evaluation of Equations and Numerical Solution of Typical Cases

The equations developed in Part I of this study are evaluated and tabulated, and graphs of typical cases are shown. Examples illustrate the temperature rises of various temperature components for the power of the dissipated watts applicable to the particular component. The cases of constant watt input and constant current input are compared. The errors are shown if a wrong power of dissipated watts is used.
The Consequences of Tariff Reduction for Economic Activity and Inequality

This article was published with errors that were introduced during the publication process. This article is to be ignored. Therefore the Publisher decided to remove the scientific content of the uncorrected article here and republish the complete corrected version as a Publisher’s Erratum. The following should be considered the correct version for the record and used for citation purposes: Jorge Rojas-Vallejos and Stephen J. Turnovsky, Erratum to: The Consequences of Tariff Reduction for Economic Activity and Inequality, Open Economies Review, Volume 26, Issue 4, pages 601 631, DOI 10.1007/s11079-015-9343-2. Open Econ Rev (2015) 26:599 DOI 10.1007/s11079-015-9341-4
A combination of 5-fluorouracil and membrane-bound antibody inhibits B-cell lymphoma growth in a mouse model system

Although cure rates for leukemias and lymphomas have improved significantly over the past several decades, disease relapse remains responsible for high mortality in both children and adults [1],[2]...
Effects of Experimental Trauma on Developing First Molar Teeth in Rats

The mandibular right first molar regions of 43 four-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were traumatized by needle penetration. Three rats were killed immediately and the remainder, after 36 days. Gross and histologic examination revealed enamel hypoplasia, impacted, ankylosed first molars, and an odontoma. A theoretical basis for the findings is suggested.
NORMATIVE ETHICS: BAD NEWS FOR THE SENSIBLE COMPROMISE?

L'A. expose ses arguments contre la theorie des droits de Dworkin, la conception de l'obligation personnelle de Taylor et « The Rejection of Consequentialism » de Scheffler
The Effective Social Worker

Abstract Client and worker interchange is at the core of the social work effort. The practitioner, in using the self as a tool, must manifest a fundamental grasp of the treatment configuration that is empirically based, relevant, and guided by a professional code of ethics. Successful therapeutic outcomes in psychosocial treatment depend on a number of variables, such as, client and worker characteristics, worker efficacy regarding the structure of treatment, length of therapy, behavior acquisition procedures, treatment technologies, and level of intervention. Behavioral therapy is a proven valuable interventive tool. A profile of the relevant skills along with a brief aggregation of empirical support provides the behavioral social worker with an understanding of the essential elements of the behavioral treatment structure in addition to empirically appropriate interventive methods.
Measuring defensiveness against future anxiety: Telepression

This study attempted to create an analogue through which the concept oftelepression (or futurity defensiveness) could be measured. A total of 54 undergraduate college students participated in the study; 27 experimental subjects were exposed to a “threatening” lecture on world ecology and 27 control subjects to a “neutral” lecture. Major hypotheses were generally confirmed using the Rappaport Time Line (RTL), a spatial representation of temporal experience. Experimental subjects showed a dramatic increase in “past” emphasis and a tendency to constrict present and future time zones on specific temporal indices on the RTL. Results are interpreted as confirming that psychological defense operates in terms offuture anxiety, much as defenses work on the avoidance of the past.
Division delays and abnormal oral development produced by colchicine in Tetrahymena.

The effects of continuous colchicine treatment on cell division and oral morphogenesis were studied in synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C. The colchicine concentration used for most of this study, 4.0 mg/ml, was shown to have no effect on protein synthesis, as assayed by incorporation of C14-leucine into hot TCA insoluble material. It was demonstrated that colchicine treatment produced agedependent division delays in Tetrahymena until a “transition point” was reached at about EST + 50−55 minutes, after which treatment produced a very little delay of division. Colchicine treatment prior to the transition point produced arrest or reversal of oral differentiation, followed by redifferentiation of abnormal structures in association with the delayed division. Treatment with colchicine after the transition point blocked oral development even though the cells continued to divide, which resulted in daughter cell with non-functional oral strures. Under the assumption that colchicine specifically binds microtubule protein, it is suggested that assembly of microtubules prior to the transition point is required for both division and oral differentiation. After the transition point, microtubule formations is required for oral morphogenesis but not for cell cleavage.
Region-specific, pacing-induced changes in repolarization in rabbit atrium: An example of sensitivity to the rare

Objective : In subsets of patients paroxysmal firing of ectopic foci in pulmonary veins or coronary sinus is an important cause of atrial fibrillation. This appears to represent a rare event overriding a dominant sinus mechanism to alter the rhythmic firing of the atrium. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that a rare stimulation pattern might alter the myocardial substrate, making it more susceptible to the initiation of arrhythmias. Methods : In isolated right and left rabbit atria, a “rare” burst pacing protocol (BPP) was applied as follows: over 3 h, preparations were driven for 4.5 min from sinus node (SN) or Bachmann's bundle (BB) regions at cycle length (CL)=400 ms followed by 30 s of stimulation from coronary sinus (CS) or pulmonary vein (PV) at CL=200 ms. Microelectrodes were used to record action potentials at the end of 4.5 min of pacing at CL=400 ms. We then intervened with 5-min bigeminal pacing to probe atrial vulnerability to arrhythmias: S1 was delivered from SN or BB and S2 from CS or PV, respectively. S1–S2 interval was the shortest eliciting a propagated response. Results : BPP shortened repolarization in CS and PV regions but not in SN or BB, resulting in increased dispersion of repolarization in right and decreased in left atria. Propranolol, atropine and losartan failed to alter the decrease in repolarization induced by BPP whereas apamin, nifedipine and ryanodine prevented BPP effects. Before BPP, bigeminy did not induce arrhythmias in either atrium, but after BPP, bigeminy significantly increased the incidence of arrhythmias in the right atrium. Conclusions : BPP from foci outside the regions of dominant activation alters dispersion of atrial repolarization. Modulation of apamin-sensitive channels may contribute to the shortening of repolarization in CS and PV regions. Alterations of atrial repolarization gradient create an arrhythmogenic substrate and may be an early step in atrial electrophysiologic remodeling.
Regular-faced convex polyhedra

Abstract A regular-faced convex polyhedron is one in which all the faces are regular polygons, not necessarily with the same number of sides. Counting the prisms and anti- prisms as one type of solid each, there seem to be 112 regular-faced convex polyhedra as conjectured by Johnson and later proved by Zalgaller. These polyhedra can all be built from combinations of 28 simple polyhedra plus prisms and antiprisms. The properties of these solids including the volume and sphericity are presented. The methods and problems in determining the number of these solids are given. Photographs of all the solids are shown. Nets for construction of the polyhedra are given, as well as methods of construction.
Turbulent wall pressure fluctuations over wavy surfaces

Measurements of the spectral characteristics of the wall pressure fluctuations produced by a turbulent boundary layer flow over solid sinusoidal surfaces of moderate wave amplitude to wave-length ratios have been obtained. The wave amplitudes were sufficiently small so that the flow remained attatched. The results show that the root mean square pressure level reaches a maximum on the adverse pressure gradient side of the wave at a position somewhat before the trough. Spectral analysis of the pressure fluctuations in narrow frequency bands reveals considerable differences in low and high frequency behavior. At low frequencies, the peak fluctuation amplitude was found at the trough whereas at high frequencies, the peak occurs just after the crest and a minimum is found at the trough. Pressure fluctuations having streamwise correlation lengths on the order of or larger than the wavelength of the surface do not return to their equilibrium (crest) amplitudes as they travel the length of a wave. Pressure fluctuations having streamwise correlation lengths about one order of magnitude less than a wavelength return exactly to their equilibrium amplitudes. Two-point correlation measurements show a decrease in longitudinal coherence on the adverse pressure gradient side of the wave at low frequencies and a considerable increase over a broad frequency range on the positive pressure gradient side. No change is found in the lateral coherence.
The ingress of hydrogen into precipitation-hardened alloys A-286 and C17200

Abstract The ingress of hydrogen into two precipitation-hardened alloys (A-286 stainless steel and C17200 beryllium copper) was studied using a potentiostatic pulse technique. Irreversible trapping constants ( k ) were determined for these alloys and compared with those for other precipitation-hardened alloys—718, 925, and 18Ni (250) steel—examined previously. The values for aged A-286 and C17200 were intermediate between those for alloys 718 and 925 and were lower than that for the 18Ni steel. The k values for the 18Ni steel, 718, C17200, and A-286 were consistent with test data for their relative resistances to hydrogen embrittlement.