cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Two Versions of the MLEM2 Rule Induction Algorithm Extended to Probabilistic Approximations

A probabilistic approximation is a generalization of the standard idea of lower and upper approximations, defined for equivalence relations. Recently probabilistic approximations were additionally generalized to an arbitrary binary relation so that probabilistic approximations may be applied for incomplete data. We discuss two ways to induce rules from incomplete data using probabilistic approximations, by applying true MLEM2 algorithm and an emulated MLEM2 algorithm. In this paper we report novel research on a comparison of both approaches: new results of experiments on incomplete data with three interpretations of missing attribute values. Our results show that both approaches do not differ much.
Using zero knowledge to share a little knowledge: bootstrapping trust in device networks

In device networks, trust must often be established in the field despite limited a priori knowledge of the network and the possibility of adversaries in the network environment. This paper presents a solution to the problem of bootstrapping trust that is minimal in the sense that it circumvents ongoing maintenance of security material. Specifically, security material is communicated to members of a device group just once by using zero knowledge identification in a new and efficient way, whereby devices in the group may henceforth securely verify each other as well as initialize mutual keys for confidentiality without needing to update that security material over time. In its basic form, the solution uses a base station to communicate the security material for group membership verification. The solution allows for scaling by letting the base station hierarchically delegate the task of bootstrapping to subordinate trusted nodes.
Utilization, Cost, and Landowner Return from Whole-Tree Chipping Young Loblolly Pine Thinnings

Nacrtak In the southern United States thinning loblolly pine to produce whole-tree and clean chips for energy is likely to compete with thinning for roundwood pulpwood as bioenergy markets ex­ pand. Since chip harvests have higher yields per hectare and can tolerate smaller tree size, comparisons between harvesting costs and associated landowner returns are difficult to make. We completed a gross and continuous timing study on a 67 hectare whole-tree chip harvest (skidder, 2 feller-bunchers, disk chipper, and tracked loader) in southern Alabama in order to compare production rates, harvest costs, and landowner returns. The stand was 12 year old loblolly pine established on retired crop land with an average total biomass volume of 195 green tons (gt) ha and average stem volume 0.22 gt tree and 0.19 gt tree for harvested trees. The whole-tree pine chip harvest totaled 98 gt ha compared to estimated roundwood stem volume of 48 gt ha and clean chip volume of 73 gt ha. Machine production averaged 49.5 gt PMH for felling and 61.7 for skidding and 72.8 for loading, but loader production was limited by transportation and market availability. On average the crew produced 332 gt each 10 hour shift and skidding would have limited production at 392 gt PMH. Simulations generated from continuous timing data were used to compare harvest costs and potential landowner revenue from the site for whole-tree chips, clean chips and roundwood pulpwood.
Therapeutic Approaches for Colon Cancer Based on Transcriptional Regulation of Specific Growth Factors

Colon cancer, like many other solid tumors, is poorly responsive to chemotherapeutic approaches in terms of eure rates and increased survival time. As a consequence, this tumor has been the subject of extensive investigations seeking alternative or perhaps supplemental therapies based on biochemical, biological or immunological properties of colon cancer cells which are not shared by normal cells.
Statistical power analysis

Statistical power analysis involves determining statistical power of a design given a statistical significance level, sample size, and effect size, or determining the sample size necessary to obtain a desired level of power for a specified effect size and significance level. Power analysis is described for research designs with and without covariates. It is also described for research designs that involve multilevel sampling and assignment of intact groups to treatments. A table is provided to assist in the computation of statistical power for a given effect size and sample size or required sample size for a given effect size and desired power.
Civil commitment for sex offenders.

Civil commitment of sex offenders is morally problematic in part because it depends on the idea that the medical profession can determine whether offenders fit legal, rather than medical, categories and can make accurate predictions of a person's future behavior.
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A computerized PubMed search of MEDLINE April 1969–July 2005 was performed. The terms “oropharyngeal carcinoma,” “combined modality therapy,” “radiotherapy,” “chemotherapy,” and “surgical procedures, operative” were exploded and the resulting articles were cross-referenced with “survival,” “prognosis,” “recurrence,” “stage 3,” and “stage 4” yielding 237 trials. These articles were then reviewed to identify those that met the following inclusion criteria: 1) patient population undergoing treatment for stage III–IV oropharyngeal carcinoma, 2) intervention with primary surgical resection and postoperative radiation therapy (RT) versus concomitant chemoradiation, 3) outcome measured in terms of locoregional recurrence and disease-free/overall survival. Articles that included data combined from other head and neck primary sites in addition to the oropharynx were excluded. Reports of oropharyngeal carcinoma in which stage III–IV patients were grouped with stage I–II patients were also excluded. Chemoradiation was defined as concomitant delivery of treatment and excluded studies performing induction chemotherapy followed by radiation alone.
ERK/MAPK signaling and autism spectrum disorders

The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
The Fifth Literacy: Research to Support a Mandate for Technology-Based Visual Literacy in Preservice Teacher Education

This article summarizes research and other literature to make the case that visual literacy skills may be seen as a “fifth literacy”— joining basic literacy and computer, technology, and information literacy—that should be required of teachers well-prepared for work in an Information Age classroom. In addition to defining visual literacy (VL) in terms of a skill hierarchy reported in the literature, this article describes: research findings that indicate the importance of VL skills; their link and overlap with technology skills; and their implications for new skills required of teachers, for improving school performance, and for increasing educational equity for females and minorities. Finally, it gives examples of the essential role technology plays in teaching and learning VL skills.
77 Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim causes true lupus exacerbations rather than drug reaction

Background Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (TMP-SMX) is frequently used for urinary tract infections and Pneumocystis prophylaxis in patients on high dose systemic steroids or cyclophosphamide. Recommendations on avoiding TMP-SMX in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are based on anecdotal evidence. Many authors describe adverse effects of TMP-SMX to be a drug reaction or allergy rather than a true SLE exacerbation. Methods We performed chart review in an urban community clinic setting from 2013 to 2018. Results Three patients were identified as having a lupus exacerbation within one week of exposure to TMP-SMX, and one patient within two months. Exacerbations consisted of fever and arthralgia, lupus enteritis, lupus enteritis with pericarditis, and inflammatory arthritis. Three cases occurred in the summer (two in June and one in September) and one case in the winter (December). All patients required hospitalization. Two of four patients had stable SLE prior to exacerbation. Symptoms in all patients resolved after treatment with high dose systemic glucocorticoids. There were no recurrent manifestations after TMP-SMX was stopped. All patients continued baseline medications and did not need additional long-term immunosuppression. Conclusions TMP-SMX can cause severe exacerbations of SLE and should be avoided in these patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of two instances of TMP-SMX induced lupus enteritis. Serologic associations may identify those with greater risk, as a positive RNP, Smith and chromatin antibodies were found in three patients and SSA was positive in only one patient. Increased photosensitivity secondary to TMP-SMX may lead to exacerbation, as three cases occurred during summer months. More studies are needed to clarify guidelines for TMP-SMX use in patients with SLE and promote awareness of exacerbation risk within the primary care community. Funding Source(s): None
Antidote to Alienation: The Voluntary Association in the Work of Robert Nisbet

AbstractThe American sociologist Robert Nisbet argued that alienation was endemic in the modern world. He blamed processes of individualization and politicization where political power was utilized...
Self-inflating floating nanofiber membranes for controlled drug delivery.

Abstract Floating gastro-retentive delivery systems can prolong the gastric residence providing sustained drug release. In this study, we report on self-inflating effervescence-based electrospun nanofiber membranes embedding polyethylene oxide/sodium bicarbonate cast films. In this system, sodium bicarbonate results in an effervescence effect by creating carbon dioxide gas upon contacting an acidic gastric fluid, with the resulting gas bubbles being entrapped within the swollen network of nanofibers. Eudragit RL and RS polymers are utilized as a host material to manipulate release kinetics of incorporated drugs. Pramipexole, a common medication for chronic Parkinson’s disease (PD), is used as a model drug. Uniform and bead-free nanofibers with diameters of ~300 nm were obtained. Although floating nanofibers initially exhibited high water contact angles (WCA), water droplets were quickly absorbed into the surface and the WCA decreased to ~0° within 60 s. Floating lag time, total floating time, swelling properties and drug release profiles were investigated both in a simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2 buffer solution) and in a simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8 buffer solution) at 37 °C. All floating nanofiber formulations began to float instantly with nearly zero floating lag time and did not sink into the solution even after 24 h. By comparison, the same formulations without sodium bicarbonate cast films could not maintain continuous floating beyond 15 min. The floating nanofiber pouches presented lower initial release of between 20 and 57 %, compared to that of non-floating nanofiber pouches (40–82% within 2 h). Clearly, floating nanofibers reduced the initial burst release and provided sustained drug release. This demonstrates the potential to result in ‘once-a-day’ oral introduction of drugs that normally must be taken frequently. Effervescence-based floating nanofibers present a novel and promising prototype delivery system for the drug delivery in the upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract.
FHSS Signal Separation using Constrained Clustering

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) signaling is used across many devices operating in both regulated and unregulated bands. In either situation, if there is a malicious device operating within these bands, or more simply a user operating out of the required specifications, the identification and separation of this user is important to insure communication link integrity and interference mitigation. Previous signal separation methods often require difficult to obtain hardware fingerprinting characteristics or rough geolocation estimations. This work will consider the detection based characteristics of FHSS signals in addition to background knowledge that is more freely available as a result of spectrum sensing. From estimates of these hopping characteristics alone, novel source separation with classic clustering algorithms can be performed. Background knowledge derived from temporal properties of received waveforms can improve these clustering methods with the novel application of cannot-link pairwise constraints to signal separation. For equivalent clustering accuracy, constraint-based clustering tolerates higher parameter estimation error, caused by diminishing received signal to noise ratio.
Evolution of Acid-Dependent Am3+ and Eu3+ Organic Coordination Environment: Effects on the Extraction Efficiency.

Coordination of trivalent lanthanide and actinide metal ions by lipophilic diglycolamides and phosphonic acids has been proposed for their separation through extraction from aqueous nitric acid sol...
The impact of acute rosiglitazone on insulin pharmacokinetics at the blood‐brain barrier

Introduction CNS insulin levels are decreased and insulin receptor signalling is dampened in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing CNS insulin levels through a variety of methods has been shown to improve memory. Indeed, medications routinely used to improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes are now being repurposed for memory enhancement. CNS insulin is primarily derived from the circulation, by an active transport system at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The goal of this study was to determine whether rosiglitazone (RSG), a drug used to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, could enhance insulin transport at the BBB, as a potential therapeutic for improving memory. Methods Using radioactively labelled insulin and the multiple-time regression analysis technique, we measured the rate of insulin BBB transport and level of vascular binding in mice pretreated with vehicle or 10 µg RSG in the presence or absence of an insulin receptor inhibitor. Results Although we found acute RSG administration does not affect insulin transport at the BBB, it does restore BBB vascular binding of insulin in an insulin receptor-resistant state. Conclusions Acute RSG treatment does not alter insulin BBB transport in healthy mice but can restore insulin receptor binding at the BBB in an insulin-resistant state.
Suicide Attempts Among a Cohort of Transgender and Gender Diverse People.

Introduction Transgender and gender diverse people often face discrimination and may experience disproportionate emotional distress that leads to suicide attempts. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the frequency and potential determinants of suicide attempts among transgender and gender diverse individuals. Methods Longitudinal data on 6,327 transgender and gender diverse individuals enrolled in 3 integrated healthcare systems were analyzed to assess suicide attempt rates. Incidence was compared between transmasculine and transfeminine people by age and race/ethnicity and according to mental health status at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models examined rates and predictors of suicide attempts during follow-up. Data were collected in 2016, and analyses were conducted in 2019. Results During follow-up, 4.8% of transmasculine and 3.0% of transfeminine patients had at least 1 suicide attempt. Suicide attempt rates were more than 7 times higher among patients aged 45 years, more than 3 times higher among patients with previous history of suicide ideation or suicide attempts than among those with no such history, and 2–5 times higher among those with 1–2 mental health diagnoses and more than 2 mental health diagnoses at baseline than among those with none. Conclusions Among transgender and gender diverse individuals, younger people, people with previous suicidal ideation or attempts, and people with multiple mental health diagnoses are at a higher risk for suicide attempts. Future research should examine the impact of gender-affirming healthcare use on the risk of suicide attempts and identify targets for suicide prevention interventions among transgender and gender diverse people in clinical settings.
Synthesis and biological study of the phomopsolide and phomopsolidone natural products

The complete history of the syntheses and biological activities of the phomopsolide and phomopsolidone classes of natural products is reviewed. These efforts include the successful synthesis of four of the five phomopsolide natural products, two of the four phomopsolidone natural products and two analogues of phomopsolide E, including the 7-oxa and 7-aza analogues. In addition, the utility of these synthetic efforts to enable the initial structure activity relationship studies for these classes of natural products is also covered.
Gender-related differences in the risk factors for repeat stone surgery

Our objective was to analyze and compare the associations between potential risk factors for nephrolithiasis and repeat stone surgery in male and female patients. We retrospectively analyzed 1970 patients who had stone surgery at our institution in the period from January 2009 to May 2017, were older than 18 years and had at least 12 months of postoperative follow-up. Our definition of surgical recurrence included repeat surgery on the same renal unit or on the opposite renal unit if the original imaging did not demonstrate significant stones on that side. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression models were built for each gender. We also explored the interactions between gender and other patient’s characteristics in their effect on the risk of recurrence. Ureteroscopy was the most common treatment modality for both first (83%) and repeat (87%) procedures. Over a mean follow-up of 4.3 years (median 3.8, interquartile range 2.2–6.0), 413 (21.0%) patients had a surgical recurrence. In multivariate analyses, hypertension, diabetes, Caucasian race and younger age (less than 60 years) were significantly associated with the risk of surgical recurrence only in females. Interaction between these characteristics and gender was significant indicating a larger effect on the risk of surgical recurrence in females compared to males. Our study demonstrated a number of differences in the predictors of repeat surgery for nephrolithiasis between males and females. If confirmed by future studies these differences may be helpful for optimizing nephrolithiasis prevention efforts.
Mapping design trade-offs

Widespread adoption of thermal storage systems is limited by their complex transient response, which is dependent on material properties, module geometry and thermal load. Now, an approach to evaluate energy and power density adapted from electrochemical storage reveals design trade-offs in thermal storage modules.
Impact of Surgical Status, Loneliness, and Disability on Interleukin 6, C-Reactive Protein, Cortisol, and Estrogen in Females with Symptomatic Type I Chiari Malformation

Chiari malformation type I (CMI) provides an opportunity for examining possible moderators of allostatic load. CMI patients who had (n = 43) and had not (n = 19) undergone decompression surgery completed questionnaires regarding pain, disability, and loneliness, and provided serum samples for IL-6, CRP, estrogen, and free estradiol assays, and saliva samples to assess diurnal cortisol curves. ANOVAs examining surgical status (decompressed versus non-decompressed), loneliness (high vs. low), and disability (high vs. low) as independent variables and biomarker variables as dependent factors found that loneliness was associated with higher levels of cortisol, F(1, 37) = 4.91, p = .04, η2P = .11, and lower levels of estrogen, F(1, 36) = 7.29, p = .01, η2P = .17, but only in decompressed patients. Results highlight the possible impact of loneliness on biological stress responses and the need to intervene to reduce loneliness in patients with symptomatic CMI.
Intersections and circuits in sets of line segments

Sets of straight line segments with special structures and properties appear in various applications of geometric modeling, such as scientific visualization, computer-aided design, and medical image processing. In this paper, we derive sharp upper and lower bounds on the number of intersection points and closed regions that can occur in sets of line segments with certain structure, in terms of the number of segments. In particular, we consider sets of segments whose underlying planar graphs are Halin graphs, cactus graphs, maximal planar graphs, and triangle-free planar graphs, as well as randomly produced segment sets.
Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis in Forest Trees

Many of society’s fiber, chemical and energy demands are met through the industrial-scale production of cellulose from wood, during which lignin must be removed at tremendous environmental and process cost. As a result, biotechnology has been used as a promising approach to reduce lignin quantity in trees to improve the efficiency of cellulose production from wood (Bugos et al., 1989; Trotter, 1990; Whetten et al., 1998).
Tissue Morphometry: Information Content and Limitations

The quantitative assessment of the capacity for blood-tissue exchange in muscle depends on the estimation of several interrelated components of capillarity and fiber structure. Capillary number determines the amount of circuitry available for supply. Aggregate surface areas of membranes are important to the distribution of resistances to O2 delivery along the diffusion path. Functional quantities (blood flow, red cell spacing, velocity patterns and oxygenation) need to be incorporated into structural data in order to understand and model muscle capacity for O2 flux and utilization.
Sensory adaptation during negative chemotaxis in Myxococcus xanthus.

Abstract Myxococcus xanthus exhibits many tactic movements that require the frz signal transduction system, such as colony swarming and cellular aggregation during fruiting body formation. Previously we demonstrated that the Frz proteins control the chemotactic movements of M. xanthus (W. Shi, T. Kohler, and D. R. Zusman, Mol. Microbiol. 9:601-611, 1993). However it was unclear from that study how chemotaxis might be achieved at the cellular level. In this study, we showed that M. xanthus cells not only modulate the reversal frequency of cell movement in response to repellent stimuli but also exhibit sensory adaptation in response to the continuous presence of nonsaturating repellent stimuli. The sensory adaptation behavior requires FrzF (a putative methyltransferase) and is correlated with the methylation-demethylation of FrzCD, a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein. These results indicate that negative chemotaxis in M. xanthus is achieved by chemokinesis plus sensory adaptation in a manner analogous to that of the free-swimming enteric bacteria.
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Cancer Cell Proliferation

Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. The opening of ion channels alter the charge distribution across the surface membrane as they allow the diffusion of ions such as K+, Ca++, Cl−, Na+. Traditionally, voltage-gated ion channels (VGIC) are known to play fundamental roles in controlling rapid bioelectrical signaling including action potential and/or contraction. However, several investigations have revealed that these classes of proteins can also contribute significantly to cell mitotic biochemical signaling, cell cycle progression, as well as cell volume regulation. All these functions are critically important for cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, a variety of distinct VGICs are expressed in different cancer cell types, including metastasis but not in the tissues from which these tumors were generated. Given the increasing evidence suggesting that VGIC play a major role in cancer cell biology, in this review we discuss the role of distinct VGIC in cancer cell proliferation and possible therapeutic potential of VIGC pharmacological manipulation.
Flavonoid patterns in the Prosopis juliflora complex

Abstract Five species in the Prosopis juliflora complex, as well as two varieties and putative hybrid, were found to have similar flavonoid patterns. A total of 21 flavonoids were detected and 12 major compounds were identified. No flavonoid correlations with ecotypes were observed.
Autoradiographic localization of substance P binding sites in guinea-pig airways.

Abstract The distribution of substance P (SP) binding sites in guinea-pig airway was examined by in vitro autoradiography with tritium and iodine-labeled SP. Specific SP binding sites were most abundant in tracheobronchial smooth muscle but were also detected in the mucosa/submucosa. Binding within the mucosa/submucosa was especially high in the region of glands. Binding of iodine-labeled SP to cartilage was negligible. Tritium-labeled SP bound non-specifically to airway cartilage. These observations are consistent with the proposed effects of SP-containing afferent nerves on airway resistance and vascular permeability. The localization of specific SP binding sites suggests that SP may also affect exocrine glands in the respiratory tract.
Slotless module-based reconfiguration of embedded FPGAs

The difficult aspect of hardware reconfiguration is not creating the computational blocks, which are generally available from FPGA vendors and third parties, but linking the blocks in a manner that suits each application's unique connectivity, bandwidth, and latency requirements. Our approach uses the standard Xilinx implementation tools to generate dynamic module partial bitstreams, but choosing the module's coordinates and completing connections to other modules are runtime operations. Scripts automatically add interface wrappers to dynamic modules and generate a library of relocatable partial bitstreams. The library is used by an efficient runtime system that completes application requests for instancing and connecting modules, effectively insulating the designer from FPGA reconfiguration complexities. In this way, a large sandbox may be allocated to dynamic modules rather than fixed module slots and interconnect. Application engineers interact with the Wires on Demand (WoD) system through a runtime software API, and do not have to master hardware description languages and implementation tools.
Riserius pugetensis gen. n., sp. n. (Nemertina: Anopla), a new mesopsammic species, and comments on phylogenetics of some anoplan characters

Riserius pugetensis gen. n., sp. n. is described from the northwest coast of Washington, U.S.A. It is probably a heteronemertine and, as such, would be the first known mesopsammic member of that order; it lives in the interstices of medium to coarse, moderately clean sands. Its morphology presents some attributes considered characteristic of mesopsammic fauna. The effect of some of these attributes is a generalized appearance of anatomical ‘simplicity’ and, as with other mesopsammic metazoans, this presents difficulties in distinguishing between primitiveness and reduction. In the new species such problematic features include the lack of subepidermal glandular cells and connective tissue, reduced proboscideal musculature, simple blood-vascular system, and the presence of a ‘secondary’, outer circular musculature in the body wall. The general appearance of this new species is very similar to the so-called palaeonemertine Hubrechtella and characteristics of both suggest relationship with the baseodiscid heteronemertines. These relationships are explored in light of a modified interpretation of proboscideal musculature, a traditional cornerstone of heteronemertinean taxonomy.
An unusual route to polarization reversal in ferroelectric ultrathin nanowires

Ferroelectric nanowires are promising candidates for miniaturized ferroelectric devices. Some potential nanoscale applications of the nanowires, such as ultra high density ferroelectric memory, utilize their reversible polarization. To meet the ever increasing demand for low energy consumption, it is extremely desirable to reduce the operational fields associated with polarization reversal. In this Letter, we use first-principles-based simulations to explore an unusual route to polarization reversal that utilizes a combination of relatively low bias field and THz pulsed radiation. Such an approach allows for lower operational fields and may lead to other potential applications such as THz radiation sensing and remote switches.
The Thomas-Fermi Method for Metals

The Thomas-Fermi method is applied to metals, by replacing each atom by a sphere, assuming the potential to be spherically symmetrical within it, and solving the Thomas-Fermi equation subject to the boundary condition that the electronic charge within the sphere shall balance the nuclear charge, rendering it electrically neutral. Calculations are presented giving potential field, charge density, and kinetic, potential, and total energy of the metal, as function of lattice spacing. The virial theorem is verified for the energy. The total energy shows no minimum, the pressure being always positive. Calculations are also made using the Dirac method of correcting for exchange, for three atoms, Li, Na and Cu. The exchange lowers the energy, but still not quite enough to produce a minimum of energy and an equilibrium at zero pressure. The result should be useful as a first approximation in self-consistent field approximations for the structure of metals, and could be adapted to give approximate treatment for matter under very high pressure, as in stars.
New Ameroseiid mites from birds of New Guinea.

Two new species of Ameroseiidae mites found in the nasal cavities of birds of New Guinea are described— Ameroseius senarius and A. wilsoni .
Validation of the BOD POD with hydrostatic weighing: influence of body clothing.

OBJECTIVE: Whole body air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD), a new body composition technique, was validated against hydrodensitometry (UWW) in 67 women wearing a one-piece swimsuit (OP) who represent a wide range of body fatness and age. Additionally, the effect of trapped isothermic air in clothing while in the BOD POD was examined by comparing different clothing schemes (a one-piece swimsuit (OP), two-piece swimsuit (TP), a hospital gown (HG), and a hospital gown previously included in a volume calibration (GC)) in a subset of 25 women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data analysis. SUBJECTS: 67 healthy Caucasian females. MEASUREMENTS: Body density g/cm3 (Db) by BOD POD and UWW. RESULTS: In 67 females UWW Db (1.030±0.020 g/cm3) was higher (P<0.01) than BOD POD Db (1.028±0.020 g/cm3). This is a difference of 1.0% fat. The R2 was 0.94, SEE was 0.005 g/cm3 and the regression between Db by UWW and BOD POB did not significantly deviate from the line of identity. In the subset group of 25 subjects, OP Db (1.040±0.014 g/cm3) and TP Db (1.040±0.014 g/cm3) were significantly lower (P<0.01) than UWW Db (1.044±0.014 g/cm3) or a difference of 1.9% fat. The R2 was 0.86 and the SEE was 0.005 g/cm3 and the regression between Db by UWW and both OP and TP did not significantly deviate from the line of identity. HG Db (1.056±0.016 g/cm3) and GC Db (1.037±0.016 g/cm3) were significantly different (P<0.01) from UWW Db (1.044±0.014 g/cm3). This difference in density translates to a difference of 5.5% and 3.2% fat respectively. The regression between Db by UWW and both HG and GC significantly deviated from the line of identity. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of the BOD POD as a substitute for UWW. However, caution should be made in using the BOD POD if subjects are clothed in anything other than a tight fitting swimsuit.
PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS OF BREAKING WAVES

Waves in the surf zone are a highly nonlinear process which is evident by the appearance of secondary waves. The secondary waves appear as strong peaks in the period PDFs corresponding to the first harmonic of the peak of the wave spectrum. The strong first harmonic period peak is also reflected in the highly correlated height and velocity PDFs. Due to the high probability of the secondary waves, the mean wave period for breakers is a poor descriptor of the average period of the offshore incident waves. The joint probability density functions for periods and heights of the breaking waves show high correlation (0.60-0.80) which says that greater wave periods are associated with larger breaker heights. The joint PDFs of period and particle velocity, and velocity and height, suggest that the maximum onshore particle velocities are correlated with both the wave periods and wave heights.
Free Radical Theory of Aging: Effect of Free‐Radical‐Reaction Inhibitors on the Immune Response†

Immune responses decline with age. Endogenous free radical reactions, implicated in aging, may contribute to this decline. To evaluate this possibility, either α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) or a quinoline derivative (Santoquin), both free-radical-reaction inhibitors, were added to the diet of C3HeB/FeJ female mice from age 6 weeks through 88 weeks at a level of 0.25 percent by weight of the diet. Both these antioxidants enhanced immune responses up to age 88 weeks, and probably also for the remainder of the lifespan; the experiment was stopped at age 88 weeks, as all the mice had been used for assay. Vitamin E had a greater effect than Santoquin on humoral responses, whereas cell-mediated responses were enhanced more by Santoquin. Prompted by the foregoing study, levamisole or one of a number of different free radical inhibitors was added to the diet of groups of young mice for one month, after which the humoral response of spleen cells were determined. The five free radical inhibitors found to be as effective as levamisole were: 2-mercaptoethanol, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2-mercaptoethylamine, Santoquin, and sodium hypophosphite. These studies suggest, but do not prove, that some endogenous free radical reactions contribute to the decline of the immune response with age. This decline can be ameliorated by adding inhibitors of free radical reactions to the diet.
DNA-protein cross-links and cell replication at specific sites in the nose of F344 rats exposed subchronically to formaldehyde

Chronic exposures to high concentrations (> or = 6 ppm) of formaldehyde (HCHO) induce cell proliferation, squamous metaplasia, and squamous cell carcinomas in F344 rats. To assess the cancer risk associated with HCHO exposure, DNA-protein cross-links (DPX) formed in a single exposure of naive (previously unexposed) rats and monkeys have been used as a surrogate for the internal dose. Since the quantity of DPX may differ in subchronically exposed animals, the effects of preexposure to HCHO on the acute DPX yield (concentration of DPX following a single exposure) and the cumulative DPX yield (concentration of DPX following repeated exposures) were determined. Male F344 rats were preexposed (PE) to 0.7, 2, 6, or 15 ppm of HCHO (6 hr/day, 5 days/week, 11 weeks + 4 days). Naive (N) rats were exposed to room air. On the 5th day of the 12th week, PE and N rats were simultaneously exposed (3 hr) to H14CHO at the same concentrations used for preexposure. Acute DPX yields and cell replication (incorporation of 14C into DNA) were determined in the mucosal lining of the nasal lateral meatus (LM) (high tumor site in HCHO bioassay) and the medial and posterior meatuses (M:PM) (low tumor site in bioassay). DPX yields in the LM were approximately sixfold higher than in the M:PM. At 0.7 and 2 ppm, no differences between PE and N rats were detected in either tissue. At 6 and 15 ppm, acute DPX yields in the LM of PE rats were approximately half those of N rats, but no differences were detected in the M:PM. Cell proliferation was induced in PE rats at 6 ppm (LM only) and especially at 15 ppm (LM and M:PM). Cumulative DPX yields were measured indirectly by determining the decrease in extractability of DNA from proteins. PE rats were preexposed to 6 or 10 ppm as above, while N rats were exposed to room air. Both groups (PE and N) were then exposed (3 hr) to the same concentration of unlabeled HCHO. DPX yields increased in a concentration-dependent manner in both groups, but the yields were smaller in PE than N rats, suggesting that no accumulation of DPX occurred in PE rats. The results demonstrate that at concentrations < or = 2 ppm, N and PE rats are equivalent with respect to the formation of DPX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
CloudMonatt: an architecture for security health monitoring and attestation of virtual machines in cloud computing

Cloud customers need guarantees regarding the security of their virtual machines (VMs), operating within an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud system. This is complicated by the customer not knowing where his VM is executing, and on the semantic gap between what the customer wants to know versus what can be measured in the cloud. We present an architecture for monitoring a VM's security health, with the ability to attest this to the customer in an unforgeable manner. We show a concrete implementation of property-based attestation and a full prototype based on the OpenStack open source cloud software.
Dinoflagellate luciferin is structurally related to chlorophyll

Among the several genera of dinoflagellates thus far examined, the luciferins and luciferases are crossreactive [3-51, thus indicating identity or close similarity in their luciferins. Recent studies have suggested that the cross-reactive luciferin of Pyrocystis hula, a non-motile, bladder-like, open ocean dinoflagellate, is an open chain polypyrrole, possibly similar to a bile pigment [6,7]. Chlorophyll (I was obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO) and pyrochlorophyll a produced by boiling chlorophyll a in pyridine for 24 h [lo]. Bilirubin was purchased from Serva Chemical (Heidelberg) and 1802 (99.1 atom %) and H2180 (90-91 atom %) from Prochem (Summit, NJ). ITLC Type SA silicic acid sheets for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) came from Gelman Instrument Co. (Ann Arbor MI). Ethyl ether and methanol were distilled before use.
‘It wasn’t that I did not like South African football’: media, history and biography

The essay, mostly autobiographical, focuses on my coming of age as a football fan in late Apartheid South Africa. The 1980s – the time of my teens – were crucial to forming my football loyalties. Television and print media in South Africa fuelled my obsession with English football and shaped how I experienced football fandom. In the essay, I engage with familial, communal, local and international ties that impacted my choice of teams to support, especially my enduring devotion to Liverpool Football Club. The essay also comments on my complicated relationship with South African football and the media landscape of the 1980s.
Ordered replication of DNA in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.

Sites of DNA synthesis on the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila can be identified autoradiographically after incubating excised salivary glands for 10 to 15 minutes in a medium containing [3H]thymidine. Using this technique we have mapped the patterns of DNA synthesis relative to the cytological banding pattern and measured the frequency with which specific chromosome regions appear labeled in a population of nuclei. This frequency is found to be a specific function of the region, reinforcing our previous suggestion that the chromosome contains a longitudinal array of DNA replicative units. Following Jacob & Brenner (1963) , we denote these units as “replicons”. The precision with which any single replicon can be localized is limited by autoradiographic resolvability as well as the necessity for its temporally differential replicative activity relative to its neighbors. We have identified at least 30 replicons in the less than 15% of the cumulative length of the D. melanogaster chromosomes studied. While the identification of a replicon requires spatial discreteness and differential behavior, and thus implies a degree of independence, its autonomy is demonstrably incomplete. Our data fit most simply the notion that all replicons are active together at some time in the over-all replicative cycle, but that some remain active over longer periods than others.
Patterns of Personality Development in Middle-Aged Women: A Longitudinal Study

Personality development was examined in two groups of women studied since adolescence who were judged psychologically healthy at age fifty: 1) Independants, whose health improved from forty to fifty, were ambitious and intellectual. 2) Traditionals, healthy at both ages, were gregarious and nurturant. Traditionals showed steady personality growth since adolescence. Independents were constricted at age forty but recovered by fifty. These patterns are compared in terms of the fit between personality and sex role. Traditional personalitites fit conventional feminine roles, accounting for their health throughout the middle years. Independents improved when disengaging from mothering freed them to develop their more assertive skills.
What we remember affects how we see: Spatial working memory steers saccade programming

Relationships between visual attention, saccade programming, and visual working memory have been hypothesized for over a decade. Awh, Jonides, and Reuter-Lorenz (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(3):780–90, 1998) and Awh et al. (Psychological Science 10(5):433–437, 1999) proposed that rehearsing a location in memory also leads to enhanced attentional processing at that location. In regard to eye movements, Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620–631, 2009) found that holding a location in working memory affects saccade programming, albeit negatively. In three experiments, we attempted to replicate the findings of Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620–631, 2009) and determine whether the spatial memory effect can occur in other saccade-cuing paradigms, including endogenous central arrow cues and exogenous irrelevant singletons. In the first experiment, our results were the opposite of those in Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620–631, 2009), in that we found facilitation (shorter saccade latencies) instead of inhibition when the saccade target matched the region in spatial working memory. In Experiment 2, we sought to determine whether the spatial working memory effect would generalize to other endogenous cuing tasks, such as a central arrow that pointed to one of six possible peripheral locations. As in Experiment 1, we found that saccade programming was facilitated when the cued location coincided with the saccade target. In Experiment 3, we explored how spatial memory interacts with other types of cues, such as a peripheral color singleton target or irrelevant onset. In both cases, the eyes were more likely to go to either singleton when it coincided with the location held in spatial working memory. On the basis of these results, we conclude that spatial working memory and saccade programming are likely to share common overlapping circuitry.
Peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: comprehensive therapy for high-risk massive pulmonary embolism.

Background Although commonly reserved as a last line of defense, experienced centers have reported excellent results with pulmonary embolectomy for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE). We present a contemporary surgical series for PE that demonstrates the utility of peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (pECMO) for high-risk surgical candidates. Methods Between June 2005 and April 2011, 29 patients were treated for massive or submassive pulmonary embolism, with surgical embolectomy performed in 26. Four high-risk patients were placed on pECMO, established by percutaneously cannulating the right atrium through a femoral vein and perfusing by a Dacron graft anastomosed to the axillary artery. A small, extracorporeal, rotary assist device was used, interposing a compact oxygenator in the circuit, and maintaining anticoagulation with heparin. Results Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was weaned in 3 of 4 patients after 5.3 days (5, 5, and 6), with normalization of right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary artery pressure (44.0 ± 2.0 to 24.5 ± 5.5 mm Hg) by ECHO. Follow-up computed tomographies showed several peripheral, nearly resorbed emboli in 1 case and complete resolution in 2 others. The fourth patient, not improving after 10 days, underwent surgery where an embolic liposarcoma was extracted. For all 29 cases, hospital and 30-day mortality was 0% and all patients were discharged, with average postoperative length of stay of 15 days for embolectomy and 17 days for pECMO. Conclusions Heparin therapy with pECMO support is a rapid, effective option for patients who might benefit from pulmonary embolectomy but are at high risk for surgery.
Boolean model to experimental validation: A preliminary attempt

There are several publications detailing modeling of biological systems, especially in the post-genomic era. However there is a real dearth of work testing and validating/invalidating mathematical models with experimental data. This work is one of the first attempts trying to bridge this expanding gap. Oxidative stress is a consequence of both normal and abnormal cellular metabolism and is linked to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through both genetic and epigenetic changes leading to the development of human diseases. Oxidative stress itself is a consequence of the imbalance between pro and anti-oxidative factors generated by cells in response to internal and external cues. A common mechanism for chemotherapeutic agents inducing cell death is through the induction of the generation of free radicals leading to an excess of free radicals. Although the exact mechanism of the molecular signaling that it entails is still being worked upon, however it is clear that this varies with the stage and type of cancer and the drug and dosage used. Key genes in the oxidative stress response pathways were earlier modeled by us using the multivariate Boolean Network Modeling. Here we studied the response of well accepted progressive breast cancer cell lines, the MCF10A series in response to Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide, two well-known and commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. We provide evidence that the strategy of using Boolean modeling and laboratory testing of the model, although not a perfect match, is certainly a reasonable one.