cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Slums in the Developing World

Urban populations have skyrocketed globally and today represent more than rban populations have skyrocketed globally and today represent more than half of the world’s population. In some parts of the developing world, this half of the world’s population. In some parts of the developing world, this growth has more-than-proportionately involved rural migration to informal growth has more-than-proportionately involved rural migration to informal settlements in and around cities, known more commonly as “slums”— densely settlements in and around cities, known more commonly as “slums”— densely populated urban areas characterized by poor-quality housing, a lack of adequate living populated urban areas characterized by poor-quality housing, a lack of adequate living space and public services, and accommodating large numbers of informal residents space and public services, and accommodating large numbers of informal residents with generally insecure tenure.
Area, performance, and yield implications of redundancy in on-chip caches

To meet increasing system performance demands, microprocessor designers continue to expand the amount of cache memory integrated on the processor die. The resulting additional silicon area has the undesirable effects of reducing die yield and increasing die cost. Adding redundancy to the on-chip caches can mitigate the reduced yield but introduces additional penalties in die area and performance. The paper evaluates the area, performance, and yield impact of several different implementations of on-chip cache redundancy in the context of the next member of Motorola's G4 generation of PowerPC/sup TM/ processors (N. Iyengar, 1999).
Plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA) of out-of-plane microstructures: Technology and application

This paper presents results on the development and application of a three-dimensional (3-D) microstructure assembly technique-Plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA). In PDMA, certain part of the microstructure to be assembled is plastically deformed by the magnetic force generated from the interaction between a magnetic material piece deposited on the microstructure and an external magnetic field. As a result, the entire microstructure can remain at a rest angle with respect to the substrate surface due to the plastic deformation. The amount of plastic deformation and the rest angle are found to he strongly dependent on the properties and the geometric parameters of the deformation region of the microstructure and also the magnetic material piece. A general design rule for PDMA has been given, PDMA is capable of batch-scale assembly. It has been successfully applied to fabricate novel micromachined devices with high yield and good controllability. As an example, the results of a novel vertical planar spiral inductor realized by the application of PDMA have also been presented in the paper.
Pemphigus vulgaris: the role of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in pathogenesis and effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on their production.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly being used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the present report, the role of IVIG on in vivo and in vitro production of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) was studied in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Serum samples from 20 untreated patients with active PV prior to initiation of systemic therapy, 20 patients receiving IVIG treatment, 20 patients in clinical remission after conventional therapy, and 20 normal human controls were studied to determine the serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra. The in vitro production of these cytokines was measured in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 PV patients immediately before and after IVIG therapy and from age and sex-matched 10 healthy donors simultaneously. Elevated levels of IL-1α and IL-1β were detected (i) in the serum of untreated PV patients with active disease prior to systemic therapy and (ii) before IVIG infusions in patients receiving IVIG therapy. These increased levels are statistically significant when compared to the levels in healthy controls (P < 0.01). A marked reduction of IL-1α and IL-1β was detected (i) in the serum of patients in prolonged clinical remission and (ii) immediately after IVIG infusion in those patients on IVIG therapy. Increased level of IL-1Ra was detected in PV patients in prolonged clinical remission and after IVIG infusion in those receiving IVIG therapy. These differences were statistically significant when compared to the levels in normal controls and to the levels in the sera of patients with active disease (P < 0.01) or just before the beginning of IVIG infusion (P < 0.01). Similar differences in the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra were found in the culture supernatant of PBMC isolated from the PV patients pre and post IVIG therapy. These observations suggests that, compared to normal controls, patients with active PV have reversed levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra. IVIG therapy may down-regulate production of IL-1α and IL-1β and enhance production of IL-1Ra, in vivo and in vitro. This might be one of the important mechanisms by which IVIG produces its early therapeutic effects in pemphigus vulgaris.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: A POPULATION BASED STUDY

AbstractPurpose: Interstitial cystitis is a chronic and debilitating syndrome but surprisingly little is known about its epidemiology. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of interstitial cystitis among women in the United States.Materials and Methods: Female participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) I and II (184,583) were asked by mailed questionnaires whether they had ever been diagnosed with interstitial cystitis. We requested and reviewed medical records of women self-reporting interstitial cystitis. The accuracy of self-reports was evaluated using standardized criteria.Results: Among the 93,428 women who responded to the NHS II questionnaire and 91,155 women who responded to the NHS I questionnaire 1,354 (1.4%) and 357 (0.4%), respectively, self-reported interstitial cystitis. Based on medical record review 63 cases of interstitial cystitis were confirmed in NHS II and 47 in NHS I. The prevalence of interstitial cystitis was 67/100,000 women in NHS II and 52/100,000 in NHS I. Ther...
TURNOVER OF HELA RIBOSOMAL RNA : The Characterization of a Class of RNA in HeLa Cytoplasm Derived from 28S RNA

A class of RNA in HeLa cytoplasm with a sedimentation value of 22S is described. This RNA is a true cytoplasmic component and is not an artifact of cell rupture or of the method of RNA preparation. The 22S RNA sediments in a sucrose gradient with those ribosomal structures containing 28S ribosomal RNA (60S and 74S particles and polyribosomes). It has a base composition and methyl content similar to those of 28S RNA. The kinetics of formation of 22S suggest that it is not a direct product of transcription but is derived in vivo from "old" molecules of 28S RNA.
Model Completeness of the New Strongly Minimal Sets

Boris Zil'ber conjectured that all strongly minimal theories are bi-interpretable with one of the “classical” sorts: theories of algebraically closed fields, theories of infinite vector spaces over division rings and theories with trivial algebraic closure relations. Hrushovski produced the first two classes of counterexample to this conjecture in [10] and [9]. Subsequently, in [8], the author gave an explicit axiomatization of a special case of [9] from which model completeness could quickly be deduced. It was unclear at that writing whether the model completeness result was true in the general case or was due to peculiarities of the case under consideration. The main new result of this paper is model completeness, not only of the general case in [9], but also of the theories described in [10]. Specifically, we present a general framework in which producing a strongly minimal theory is reduced to finding an elementary class of theories satisfying certain requirements (see below). We present the theories of [10] and [9] as special instances of such theories, giving an explicit axiomatization from which model completeness immediately follows in each case. We hope by presenting these constructions in parallel, using common language and extracting common elements, to make easier both the exploitation of the ideas involved in their making and their comparison with other recent constructions of a similar flavor. For a selection of such constructions, see [6], [1], [2] and [3]. For more general background, see [2], [4] and [11].
Infrared Spectra of Krypton Solutions of Methylamine

Variable temperature (−105 to −145°C) studies of the infrared spectra (3500–400 cm−1) of methylamine, CH3NH2, dissolved in liquid krypton have been recorded. From these data, the hydrogen bonding enthalpy has been determined to be 530 ± 29 cm−1 (6.34 ± 0.35 kJ/mol). The elusive ν13 and ν14 fundamentals, which are strongly mixed CH3 rock and NH2 twist, have been observed at 1244 and 876 cm−1, respectively. These assignments are supported by frequency predictions from ab initio MP2/6-31G(d) calculations where the predicted infrared intensities for these two vibrations are 0.054 and 0.002 km/mol. The ab initio predicted infrared spectrum compares very favorably with that observed in the krypton solution. Normal coordinate calculations have also been carried out for four other isotopomers of methylamine, CH3NHD, CH3ND2, CD3NH2, and CD3ND2 and vibrational assignments given from previously reported infrared spectra of matrix isolated samples. The Raman spectrum of these latter three isotopes, along with the normal species, have been predicted from MP2/6-31G(d) calculations and the results compared to the experimental spectra. The equilibrium structural parameters have been obtained from ab initio calculations utilizing several different basis sets with full electron correlation by the perturbation method to second order. These predicted values are compared to the previously reported experimental structural parameters.
Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Trees of newly acquired Ulmus species originating from the temperate regions of China and growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory bioassays and cage-studies for feeding preference for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Ulmus lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis were less preferred for feeding by adult Japanese beetles. No-choice, multiple-choice, and cage feeding studies revealed that Ulmus wallichiana was moderately preferred, and U. procera and U. americana were highly preferred for feeding. Dry fecal pellet weights were strongly correlated with the percent of leaf tissue removed. Feeding preference in the multiple-choice study was strongly correlated with feeding preference in the cage study and in the no-choice study. Likewise, adult feeding preference in the cage study was strongly correlated with preference in the multiple-choice and no-choice studies. The less preferred species of U. lanceafolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis show promise for future elm breeding programs.
Abstract 13813: Transmural Heterogeneity of Cellular Level Power Output is Reduced in Human Heart Failure

Background: Heart failure is associated with global pump dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. However, it is not known if different transmural regions of the left ventricular wall are affected i...
Diabetes self-management and leptin in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes: the Starr County border health initiative.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to (1) characterize leptin in Mexican Americans with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, (2) examine relationships among leptin and indicators of diabetes status (body mass index and A1C), and (3) explore the effects of a culturally tailored diabetes self-management education intervention on leptin.MethodsIn Starr County, an impoverished Texas-Mexico border community, 252 Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes were recruited to test a diabetes self-management education intervention culturally tailored in terms of language, dietary recommendations, social emphasis, family participation, and incorporation of cultural health beliefs. Groups of 8 participants were randomized to experimental or wait-listed control conditions. Outcomes were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months; by 12 months, 109 had complete leptin data.ResultsMost participants were women and, on average, 55 years of age, diagnosed with diabetes for 8 years, obese, and in poor glycemic control. Three variables—body...
Potential Electric Power Applications for Magnesium Diboride

The newly discovered superconductor, MgB2, has significant potential for a number of electric power applications, even though its critical temperature, TC, is “only” 39 K. In recent months, there has been rapid improvement in its critical state parameters, JC and H*, properties crucial to deployment in power devices, which now rival NbTi at 4.2 K, and equal or surpass many of the high temperature superconducting copper oxide perovskites in the 20 - 25 K range. Moreover, substantial progress has been achieved in realizing wire embodiments that appear economically scalable to commercial production. In this paper, we will review several opportunities to exploit these developments for transformer and electric cable applications, and hint at the possibility of a novel and visionary power delivery system centered on an MgB2-based dc cable cooled by gaseous or liquid hydrogen supplying both electrical and chemical energy to the end user.
Böll's Ansichten eines Clowns in Existentialist Perspective

(1971). Boll's Ansichten eines Clowns in Existentialist Perspective. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 347-358.
Knowledge of Traumatic Brain Injury among Educators

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine knowledge of traumatic brain injury among educators. Few studies have examined knowledge of traumatic brain injury in this population and fewer still have included a substantial proportion of general education teachers. Examining knowledge of traumatic brain injury in educators is important as the vast majority of children with traumatic brain injury will return to school and many are likely to require support in the short term and some will require special education services in the long term. The Common Misconceptions of Traumatic Brain Injury questionnaire was completed by 94 educators. Participants demonstrated accurate knowledge on a number of questionnaire items associated with the identification of individuals with traumatic brain injury, common socio-emotional effects, and recovery from traumatic brain injury; however, a considerable degree of uncertainly was indicated on several items relevant to the school setting. In addition, substantial misconc...
Magnetophotoluminescence line-shape narrowing through interactions between excited states in organic semiconducting materials

We find that interactions between intermolecular excited states can cause a line-shape narrowing in magnetophotoluminescence in an organic composite containing N,N-dimethylaniline and pyrene in the liquid state. The line-shape narrowing indicates that interactions between intermolecular excited states can decrease the spin-exchange interaction within intermolecular excited states. Our analysis shows that interactions between intermolecular excited states can occur through long-range Coulomb interaction, midrange spin-orbital interaction, and short-range spin interaction, with the consequence of line-shape modification in the development of magnetic field effects. Our experimental results reveal a parameter, the interactions between intermolecular excited states, involved in the development of magnetic field effects in organic semiconducting materials.
The Three Problems of Labor Disputes Procedure

The law and legal process of Chinese labor disputes cannot reflect its just and beneficial result because of Chinese traditional procedural culture. The relative laws have some kinds of weakness for those vulnerable people who need help and support. The building of a socialist market economy and China ' s entry into the WTO require to perfect labor legislation in China. The article explores the system of labor disputes procedure through procedural efiectiveness for a given period of time, procedural evidence and procedural process in order to protect laborers ' legitimate rights and interests.
CO2 dialysis in the medullary raphe of the rat increases ventilation in sleep

Central chemoreceptors are widespread within the brain stem. We hypothesize that function at different sites varies with arousal state. In unanesthetized rats, we produced focal acidification at single sites by means of microdialysis using artificial cerebrospinal fluid equilibrated with 25% CO2. Tissue acidosis, measured under anesthesia, is equivalent to that observed with 63 Torr end-tidal PCO2 and is limited to 600 microm. Focal acidification of the retrotrapezoid nucleus increased ventilation by 24% only in wakefulness via an increase in tidal volume (Li A, Randall M, and Nattie E. J Appl Physiol 87: 910-919, 1999). In this study of the medullary raphe, the effect of such focal acidification was in sleep (defined by electroencephalographic and electromyographic criteria): ventilation and frequency increased by 15-20% in non-rapid eye movement sleep, and frequency increased by 15% in rapid eye movement sleep. There was no effect in wakefulness. Chemoreception in the medullary raphe appears to be responsive in sleep. Central chemoreceptors at two different locations appear to vary in effectiveness with arousal state.
Selectivity of intramuscular stimulating electrodes in the lower limbs.

Intramuscular (IM) electrodes have been used safely and effectively for decades to activate paralyzed muscles in neuroprosthetic systems employing functional electrical stimulation (FES). However, the response to stimulation delivered by these and any type of electrode can be limited by a phenomenon known as spillover, in which the stimulus intended to produce a contraction in a particular muscle inadvertently activates another muscle, causes adverse sensation, or triggers undesired reflexes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the selectivity of monopolar intramuscular stimulating electrodes implanted in the lower limbs of individuals with motor and sensory complete paraplegia secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI) and to catalog the most common electrode spillover patterns. The performance records of 602 electrodes from 10 subjects who participated in a program of standing and walking with FES in our laboratory over the past decade were examined. Sixty percent (358) of these electrodes were "stable" (i.e., stimulated responses were consistent during the first 6 months postimplant), and 32% of all stable electrodes (113) exhibited spillover as noted in clinical and laboratory records. Common spillover patterns for eight muscle groups were tabulated and analyzed in terms of their functional implications. The beneficial (activation of synergistic muscles) or deleterious (activation of compromising reflexes, antagonists, or adverse sensation) effects of spillover were highly context dependent, with several potentially useful spillover patterns in certain phases of gait becoming undesirable and limiting in others. Knowledge of the selectivity of intramuscular electrodes and the patterns of spillover they exhibit should guide surgeons and rehabilitationists installing lower-limb neuroprostheses during the implantation process and allow them to better predict the ultimate functional usefulness of the electrodes they choose.
Chapter Four: Quarantine and the Problem of the Third Man

Non-retributive attempts to justify punishment are open to some of the same objections that retributive attempts are subject to. Should we return to the preventive Quarantine Model? The attempt to justify that approach by analogy to medical quarantine fails. But Pereboom, Slobogin, and Robinson have raised a problem that I would call the Problem of the Third Man: the problem of the sane and rational but undeterrable offender. Pereboom raises it in support of Quarantine, and the inability to deal with it must be added to the objections to retributive and non-retributive theories of punishment; the problem is to deal with it without adopting the Quarantine Model of criminal justice. The “double track” solution, I suggest, amounts to the tacking together of two unacceptable models and in any event is unstable.
Increased Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing Among Sexually Active Persons Receiving Medical Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States, 2009-2013.

Background Current guidelines recommend that all sexually active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons be tested at least annually for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. We examined temporal trends in syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea testing among sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States during 2009-2013. Methods Using medical record data from the Medical Monitoring Project, a population-based HIV surveillance system, we assessed the proportion of adults receiving HIV medical care who were tested for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea in the past 12 months by year and stratified by sex and sexual behavior, age, and race/ethnicity. Results During 2009-2013, the proportion of sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care who were tested in the past year for all 3 examined sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increased from 20% to 36% (PTREND < .01). Overall testing for syphilis increased from 55% to 65% (PTREND < .01), and significant increases were noted for the following subgroups: men who have sex with men (58% to 69%), non-Hispanic whites (48% to 64%), and all age groups with the exception of persons aged 18-29 year. Overall testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea increased from 22% to 42% (PTREND < .01), and significant increases were noted for most subgroups. Conclusions STD testing significantly increased among sexually active HIV-infected adults receiving medical care; however, the majority of persons were not tested for all 3 STDs in 2013. While increased testing indicates progress, testing remained far below recommended guidelines. Our findings suggest enhanced efforts may be warranted to screen all sexually active HIV-infected adults for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
Word Learning Deficits in Children With Dyslexia

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate word learning in children with dyslexia to ascertain their strengths and weaknesses during the configuration stage of word learning. Method Child...
Electoral competition with entry under non-majoritarian run-off rules

Abstract I study electoral competition between established parties under threat of entry by a challenger under non-majoritarian run-off elections. In contrast with classical majoritarian run-off elections, I show how non-majoritarian rules can facilitate two-party systems, including those in which the established parties deter the challenger's entry by adopting differentiated platforms. I also show that non-majoritarian run-off rules may facilitate entry deterrence by established parties in settings where a plurality rule cannot. My results provide a striking counterpoint to a conventional wisdom—embodied, most notably, in Duverger's Hypothesis —that associates run-off rules with multi-party systems. Finally, they provide a theoretical foundation for patterns of electoral competition observed in countries using non-majoritarian rules that contradict this conventional wisdom.
Assessing Student Engagement: A Collaborative Curriculum for Large Lecture Discussion Sections:

This study investigated students’ engagement and learning in a large lecture journalism history course based on a revision of its discussion curriculum. The new curriculum incorporated visual media...
The Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR): Decadal Mission concept design update

In preparation for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, NASA has commissioned the study of four large mission concepts, including the Large Ultraviolet / Optical / Infrared (LUVOIR) Surveyor. The LUVOIR Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT) has identified a broad range of science objectives including the direct imaging and spectral characterization of habitable exoplanets around sun-like stars, the study of galaxy formation and evolution, the epoch of reionization, star and planet formation, and the remote sensing of Solar System bodies. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is providing the design and engineering support to develop executable and feasible mission concepts that are capable of the identified science objectives. We present an update on the first of two architectures being studied: a 15- meter-diameter segmented-aperture telescope with a suite of serviceable instruments operating over a range of wavelengths between 100 nm to 2.5 μm. Four instruments are being developed for this architecture: an optical / near-infrared coronagraph capable of 10-10 contrast at inner working angles as small as 2 λ/D; the LUVOIR UV Multi-object Spectrograph (LUMOS), which will provide low- and medium-resolution UV (100 – 400 nm) multi-object imaging spectroscopy in addition to far-UV imaging; the High Definition Imager (HDI), a high-resolution wide-field-of-view NUV-Optical-IR imager; and a UV spectro-polarimeter being contributed by Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). A fifth instrument, a multi-resolution optical-NIR spectrograph, is planned as part of a second architecture to be studied in late 2017.
Physical activity classification using time-frequency signatures of motion artifacts in multi-channel electrical impedance plethysmographs

Physical activities are known to introduce motion artifacts in electrical impedance plethysmographic (EIP) sensors. Existing literature considers motion artifacts as a nuisance and generally discards the artifact containing portion of the sensor output. This paper examines the notion of exploiting motion artifacts for detecting the underlying physical activities which give rise to the artifacts in question. In particular, we investigate whether the artifact pattern associated with a physical activity is unique; and does it vary from one human-subject to another? Data was recorded from 19 adult human-subjects while conducting 5 distinct, artifact inducing, activities. A set of novel features based on the time-frequency signatures of the sensor outputs are then constructed. Our analysis demonstrates that these features enable high accuracy detection of the underlying physical activity. Using an SVM classifier we are able to differentiate between 5 distinct physical activities (coughing, reaching, walking, eating and rolling-on-bed) with an average accuracy of 85.46%. Classification is performed solely using features designed specifically to capture the time-frequency signatures of different physical activities. This enables us to measure both respiratory and motion information using only one type of sensor. This is in contrast to conventional approaches to physical activity monitoring; which rely on additional hardware such as accelerometers to capture activity information.
Fostering Implementation of Staff’s Creative Ideas to Improve Patient Healthcare Experiences

Substantial improvements are needed to achieve the U.S. healthcare system aim of providing patient-centered care. Healthcare staff (e.g., physicians and nurses) may be an important source of creati...
Improve dosimetric outcome in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer treatment using spot-scanning proton arc (SPArc) therapy.

To evaluate spot-scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc) and multi-field robust optimized intensity modulated proton therapy (RO-IMPT) in treating stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Two groups of stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC patients (group 1: eight patients with tumor motion less than 5 mm; group 2: six patients with tumor motion equal to or more than 5 mm) were re-planned with SPArc and RO-IMPT. Both plans were generated using robust optimization to achieve an optimal coverage with 99% of internal target volume (ITV) receiving 66 Gy (RBE) in 33 fractions. The dosimetric results and plan robustness were compared for both groups. The interplay effect was evaluated based on the ITV coverage by single-fraction 4D dynamic dose. Total delivery time was simulated based on a full gantry rotation with energy-layer-switching-time (ELST) from 0.2 to 4 s. Statistical analysis was also evaluated via Wilcoxon signed rank test. Both SPArc and RO-IMPT plans achieved similar robust target volume coverage for all patients, while SPArc significantly reduced the doses to critical structures as well as the interplay effect. Specifically, compared to RO-IMPT, SPArc reduced the average integral dose by 7.4% (p = 0.001), V20, and mean lung dose by an average of 3.2% (p = 0.001) and 1.6 Gy (RBE) (p = 0.001), the max dose to cord by 4.6 Gy (RBE) (p = 0.04), and the mean dose to heart and esophagus by 0.7 Gy (RBE) (p = 0.01) and 1.7 Gy (RBE) (p = 0.003) respectively. The average total estimated delivery time was 160.1 s, 213.8 s, 303.4 s, 840.8 s based on ELST of 0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, and 4 s for SPArc plans, compared with the respective values of 182.0 s (p = 0.001), 207.9 s (p = 0.22), 250.9 s (p = 0.001), 509.4 s (p = 0.001) for RO-IMPT plans. Hence, SPArc plans could be clinically feasible when using a shorter ELST. This study has indicated that SPArc could further improve the dosimetric results in patients with locally advanced stage NSCLC and potentially be implemented into routine clinical practice.
A linear discriminative analysis based fall motion detector using radar

Remote activity monitoring can support aging-in-place for the elderly, providing crucial capabilities such as fall detection. Falls are the leading cause of accidental death in people aged 65 and over in the United States. The chances of survival are high with low impact on quality of life when prompt assistance is provided after a fall. Radar is at the forefront of research on non-wearable technologies for fall detection and monitoring of activities of daily living for eldercare. Various features extracted from Doppler motion signatures have been proposed in the literature for radar-based fall detection. However, none of these features were specifically designed to provide the most discrimination between the fall and non-fall motion classes. In this paper, we perform linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of Doppler signatures as a first step towards identification of the most discriminative features. LDA performance is evaluated using real data measurements of various indoor human activities and compared with that of existing radar-based fall detection schemes.
Comparative cellular pharmacology of daunorubicin and idarubicin in human multidrug-resistant leukemia cells

We examined the effect of daunorubicin (DNR), the new anthracycline derivative idarubicin (IDR), and verapamil on two leukemia cell lines that displayed the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype and used laser flow cytometry to quantitate intracellular anthracycline content. The vinblastine-resistant human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CEM-VBL demonstrated minimal DNR uptake; simultaneous incubation with verapamil and DNR increased intracellular DNR uptake fourfold. IDR uptake was 10 times more rapid in these cells and simultaneous incubation with IDR and verapamil resulted in only a 1.2-fold increase of intracellular IDR. Similar results were observed in the vincristine-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60/RV+. Intracellular retention of DNR and IDR was also measured in each cell line. In CEM-BVL cells, 38% of the original DNR concentration remained after a 2-hour resuspension in fresh medium compared with 71% of the original IDR concentration. In HL-60/RV+ cells, 36% of the DNR concentration remained compared with 51% of the IDR concentration. After incubation of CEM-VBL and HL-60/RV+ cells with DNR for 1 hour followed by resuspension in fresh medium plus verapamil, intracellular DNA retention increased 5- and 5.2-fold, respectively. However, incubation of these cells for 1 hour with IDR followed by resuspension in fresh medium plus verapamil resulted in only a 1.6- and 2.4-fold increase in intracellular IDR retention. Lastly, clonogenic experiments were performed to correlate intracellular anthracycline content with cytotoxicity. DNR alone had a minimal effect on the clonogenic growth of CEM-VBL cells, whereas the combination of DNR plus verapamil resulted in approximately 80% growth inhibition. However, incubation of these cells with IDR alone resulted in greater than 95% growth inhibition. These results suggest that IDR may be more effective than DNR in leukemia cells that display the MDR phenotype.
Social Support and Social Coping in Couples

Traditionally, coping has been viewed as a process by which individuals confront and resolve (or fail to confront and resolve) challenges and obstacles. Rarely have the interpersonal context and consequences of coping been considered. As a result, the psychological literature on coping has demonstrated an individualistic, androcentric bias. The problem-solving coping strategies traditionally employed by men have been judged more efficacious than the emotion-focused and social-resource-based strategies traditionally employed by women. These gender differences have been used to explain women’s higher rates of certain mental illnesses, such as depression, and mental health care utilization, but often from the perspective of victim blaming (Rosario, Shinn, Morch, & Huckabee, 1988). The benefits of traditionally feminine coping behaviors and the costs of traditionally male coping behaviors to families and to society have been largely ignored (Solomon & Rothblum, 1986). Integration of the coping literature and the social support literature offers an opportunity to contextualize coping behavior as a multidimensional interpersonal phenomenon (Fondacaro & Moos, 1987).
The Protein Kinase Family

An ever-expanding list of protein kinases is now known to serve diverse physiological roles in cellular systems (Table I). By phosphorylating serine, threonine or tyrosine residues in target proteins, these enzymes transduce metabolic or hormonal signals with profound cellular consequences (Krebs & Beavo, 1979; Flockhart & Corbin, 1982; Nishizuka, 1984; Stull et al., 1985). Serine- or threonine-specific protein kinases were first found to exercise control of diverse metabolic processes. Tyrosine-specific protein kinases are now found both as domains of trans-membrane growth factor receptors and encoded by viral oncogenes (Sefton & Hunter, 1985). Thus, some protein kinases are integral membrane proteins that are directly involved in the transduction of extracellular signals for intracellular purposes. Others act as amplifiers of intracellular signals, as regulators of structural or enzymatic components of cells, and as the unregulated products of certain oncogenic lesions.
ortho-, meta-, and para-Dichlorobenzene

Ortho-, meta-, and para-dichlorobenzene (1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichloro-benzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, respectively) are also called o-DCB, m-DCB, and p-DCB. Historically, p-DCB is also known as PDB. The first is used as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and deodorizer; the second has no documented use; and the third is used as a deodorizer and insecticide. For the structures and properties of ortho-, meta-, and para-dichlorobenzene, see Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
A TRUNCATION SCHEME WITH APPLICATIONS TO PHYSICAL PROBLEMS

It is advantageous to convert initial and boundary value problems to integral equations because many more analytical, numerical and finite element methods are available for solving the integral equations than are available for the partial differential equations. Moreover, since the integral equations incorporate the initial and boundary value problems, the analysis is very much simplified and shortened.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions with Zinc, Boron, and Indium Exhibiting High Turnover Numbers (TONs): Use of Bidentate Phosphines and Other Critical Factors in Achieving High TONs†

Palladium-catalyzed reactions of unsaturated organozincs with aryl or alkenyl iodides can exhibit turnover numbers (TONs) over 105 (>70% product yields). Under the conditions employed, Zn, B, and In appear to be the three most favorable metals, followed by Al(Zn) and Zr(Zn), whereas TONs observable with Sn, Cu, and Mn have been significantly lower.
Characterization of the nutrient profile of processed red raspberries for use in nutrition labeling and promoting healthy food choices.

Background Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) contain varied nutrients and phytochemicals important for healthy aging. Processing berries extends their shelf-life and culinary applications, although information on nutritional content among processed forms are limited. Objective The main objective of the project was to conduct a market basket study to characterize nutrient content and variation in processed red raspberry (RRB) products (i.e., individually quick frozen (IQF), puree, concentrates). Secondary objectives were to provide new data to the USDA nutrient composition database on processed RRB, which is now complete, and to evaluate RRB forms relative to regulatory (US FDA) criteria for food labeling based on Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendations expressed as % Daily Values (DV). Methods Processed raspberry product samples were obtained in 2017 from retail outlets, processing plants and distributors, in and outside the USA. Samples were analyzed by pre-qualified laboratories using pre-approved AOAC methods and validated HPLC methods. Results Nutrient variance in domestic compared to imported product was observed, but on average IQF and puree with seeds are excellent sources of dietary fiber based on FDA criteria of providing ≥20% DV, IQF and puree are good (10-19% DV) sources of copper, thiamin, riboflavin and folate, and all forms were excellent or good sources of vitamin C and manganese. IQF and pureed red raspberries may also be considered a valuable fruit source of lutein/zeaxanthin. Conclusions Processed RRB are nutrient rich options for including in a diet for healthy aging.
ACE Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use Patterns in Advanced CKD and Risk of Kidney Failure and Death.

Rationale & Objective The use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors is standard of care in people with early to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). Less is known regarding the efficacy of RAS inhibitors in very advanced CKD. In this study, we describe patterns of use of RAS inhibitors and associations of these patterns of use with risk for CKD progression and mortality in patients with advanced CKD. Study Design Propensity-matched cohort study. Settings & Participants We identified 678 participants who were enrolled in the multicenter Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) Exposure Use of RAS inhibitors within the first year after the baseline visit, characterized by 4 patterns of use: never users, always users, dynamic users, and new users. Outcome(s) Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality. Analytical Approach We generated propensity scores and matched participants in the always users group with a 1:1 ratio with a participant from the other 3 groups, matching by age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, and serum potassium level. Cox models were used to test the association of patterns of RAS inhibitor use with risk for kidney failure and death. Results Of the 678 participants with eGFRs Limitations Observational study. Conclusions Use of RAS inhibitors in patients with eGFRs
A Systematic Review of Tier 1 PBIS Implementation in Alternative Education Settings

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a multitiered system of support for behavior used in many schools across the world. Researchers have begun adapting and evaluating Tier 1 of...
Spitzer observations of dust emission from H II regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Massive stars can alter physical conditions and properties of their ambient interstellar dust grains via radiative heating and shocks. The H II regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) offer ideal sites to study the stellar energy feedback effects on dust because stars can be resolved, and the galaxy's nearly face-on orientation allows us to unambiguously associate H II regions with their ionizing massive stars. The Spitzer Space Telescope survey of the LMC provides multi-wavelength (3.6-160 μm) photometric data of all H II regions. To investigate the evolution of dust properties around massive stars, we have analyzed spatially resolved IR dust emission from two classical H II regions (N63 and N180) and two simple superbubbles (N70 and N144) in the LMC. We produce photometric spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of numerous small subregions for each region based on its stellar distributions and nebular morphologies. We use DustEM dust emission model fits to characterize the dust properties. Color-color diagrams and model fits are compared with the radiation field (estimated from photometric and spectroscopic surveys). Strong radial variations of SEDs can be seen throughout the regions, reflecting the available radiative heating. Emission from very small grains drastically increases at locations where the radiation field is the highest, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appear to be destroyed. PAH emission is the strongest in the presence of molecular clouds, provided that the radiation field is low.
Student nurse perceptions of an innovative role to support clinical practices during a pandemic: A qualitative study.

Abstract Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems needed to quickly identify personnel to provide symptom screening and PPE observations. Through an established academic-practice partnership, pre-licensure nursing students were able to fill this new Patient Services Aid role. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the students' experiences in this mutually beneficial innovative role. Methods Electronic surveys and qualitative focus groups were used to evaluate the students' experiences. Results A total of 34 students were employed at the health system as PSAs. Focus groups (n = 16) analysis showed that, while the role was not a substitute for academic clinical experiences, they did improve the students' confidence in the clinical setting and helped teach necessary non-technical skills. Students appreciated the ability to network with multiple disciplines while working as PSAs. Conclusions This role was developed to assist with immediate COVID-19 needs; however, this model of using pre-licensure students in non-clinical roles can improve students' non-technical skills and confidence in the clinical setting. The success of the activity was due to the strong relationships between the School of Nursing and health system. Other schools of nursing could benefit from developing collaborative partnerships with local healthcare systems.
Homologous recombination induced by a replication fork barrier requires cooperation between strand invasion and strand annealing activities

Replication stress and abundant repetitive sequences have emerged as primary conditions underlying genomic instability in eukaryotes. Elucidating the mechanism of recombination between repeated sequences in the context of replication stress is essential to understanding how genome rearrangements occur. To gain insight into this process, we used a prokaryotic Tus/Ter barrier designed to induce transient replication fork stalling near inverted repeats in the budding yeast genome. Remarkably, we show that the replication fork block stimulates a unique recombination pathway dependent on Rad51 strand invasion and Rad52-Rad59 strand annealing activities, as well as Mph1/Rad5 fork remodelers, Mre11/Exo1 short and long-range resection machineries, Rad1-Rad10 nuclease and DNA polymerase δ. Furthermore, we show recombination at stalled replication forks is limited by the Srs2 helicase and Mus81-Mms4/Yen1 structure-selective nucleases. Physical analysis of replication-associated recombinants revealed that half are associated with an inversion of sequence between the repeats. Based on our extensive genetic characterization, we propose a model for recombination of closely linked repeats at stalled replication forks that can actively contribute to genomic rearrangements.
A Novel Additively 4D Printed Origami-inspired Tunable Multi-layer Frequency Selective Surface for mm-Wave IoT, RFID, WSN, 5G, and Smart City Applications

This paper presents a novel 4D printed tunable frequency selective surface (FSS) utilizing a multi-layer mirror-stacked “Miura-ori” structure that can be applied in numerous mm-Wave, IoT, RFID, WSN, 5G, and smart city applications. The prototype was fabricated with fully additive hybrid (3D and inkjet) printing processes to realize a flexible two-layer substrate with conductive traces on both top and bottom. The proposed multi-layer/multi-material manufacturing process features very significant strength improvement over paper-based origami structures, while enabling the realization of increasingly complex “morphing” designs that would be otherwise difficult to fabricate using traditional paper-based substrates. The proof-of-concept prototype demonstrates great frequency tunability, angle of incidence (AoI) rejection, and significantly improved insertion loss performance over simpler single-layer Miura-based designs as well as an operability up to much higher mm-wave frequencies up to at least 28 GHz.
Strategic Defaulters versus the Federal Taxpayer: A Brief for the Preemption of State Anti-Deficiency Law for Residential Mortgages

Strategic default – the practice of opting to default on an underwater home mortgage when the mortgagor has the ability to pay – has been a significant exacerbating factor in the mortgage crisis and its accompanying economic upheaval. The practice is fostered by states that limit or prohibit personal recourse on mortgage obligations. As a result, strategic default is a more pervasive problem in these states than in their recourse brethren. State law determines whether a lender can get a deficiency judgment against a mortgagor; however, the federal government is mostly paying for the mortgage crisis – the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac conservatorship and other mortgage-relief programs have already cost the federal government close to $200 billion. It is unreasonable for the federal taxpayer to foot the bill and yet be subjected to this maze of state laws when it comes to recovering deficiencies, especially from strategic defaulters. This article advocates congressional adoption of a uniform deficiency law for residential mortgages. We conclude that Congress should preempt state non-recourse law by enacting legislation based on Section 8.4 of the Restatement (Third) of Property: Mortgages. Should Congress find such preemption politically unappealing, we advocate that federal agencies such as the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) accomplish the same result through the regulatory process. Absent such an approach, the use of the differential guarantee fee by FHFA with respect to mortgages guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is a promising alternative and represents sensible and desirable public policy. States that choose to use state law to impose greater costs on federal taxpayers and borrowers in other states should be willing to pay the price.