cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Port Dual Polarized Integrated Patch Antenna for RF Detection at 5.8 GHz

A multi-port dual-polarized patch antenna is designed and fabricated to detect signals at 5.8GHz. Two inset feeds are used in conjunction with a power combiner to ensure receiving both vertical and horizontal polarizations. The two other sides of the patch are utilized for direct connection to integrated circuit devices with complex input impedance by incorporating inductively coupled feeds. The test chips placed at these ports are RF energy harvesting diodes to showcase an efficient multiport integrated antenna design with minimal impact on the return loss of power combining feed. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is achieved.
Producing Political Knowledge: Students as Podcasters in the Political Science Classroom

Given the increasing prevalence of podcast listening, especially among young adults with college education, it is important to consider how student-produced podcasts can impact the student experien...
Commentary on Jim Tozzi, “Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Past, Present, and Future”

Jim Tozzi is an activist institutional economist. During his 19-year career in the federal civil service, he was a pertinacious institution builder, armed with a PhD in economics but never flaunting it. He gained a reputation, richly deserved in my experience, as a supreme bureaucratic tactician. But he applied his skills to antibureaucratic purposes. Incessantly, and occasionally at professional risk, he promoted and protected internal executive-branch procedures that used economic analysis, and measures of administrative effectiveness, against the incessant forces of political entropy, agency parochialism, and special-interest capture.
JUST: a measure of jury system trustworthiness

Three studies developed and tested a new measure of the perceived trustworthiness of the jury system, the 23-item Jury System Trustworthiness (JUST) scale, and assessed the scale’s convergent and d...
On the formation of superoxide radicals on colloidal ATiO 3 (A = Sr and Ba) nanocrystal surfaces

Controlling the surface chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is critical to exploiting their rich electronic structures for various technologies. We recently demonstrated that the hydrothermal synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals of SrTiO3, a technologically-relevant electronic material, provided a strong negative correlation between the presence of an O2-related surface defect and hydrazine hydrate [W. L. Harrigan, S. E. Michaud, K. A. Lehuta, and K. R. Kittilstved, Chem. Mater., 2016, 28(2), 430]. When hydrazine hydrate is omitted during the aerobic hydrothermal synthesis, the surface defect is observed. However, it can be removed by either the addition of hydrazine hydrate or by purging the reaction solution with argon gas before the hydrothermal synthesis. We also propose that the formation of the O2-related defect is mediated by the reduction of dissolved O2 by lactate anions that are present from the titanium precursor. This work helps elucidate the nature of the O2-related defect as a superoxide anion and presents a mechanism to explain its formation during the hydrothermal synthesis of SrTiO3 and related BaTiO3 nanocrystals.
An autoinhibitory role for the GRF zinc finger domain of DNA glycosylase NEIL3.

The NEIL3 DNA glycosylase maintains genome integrity during replication by excising oxidized bases from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and unhooking interstrand cross-links (ICLs) at fork structures. In addition to its N-terminal catalytic glycosylase domain, NEIL3 contains two tandem C-terminal GRF-type zinc fingers that are absent in the other NEIL paralogs. ssDNA binding by the GRF–ZF motifs helps recruit NEIL3 to replication forks converged at an ICL, but the nature of DNA binding and the effect of the GRF–ZF domain on catalysis of base excision and ICL unhooking is unknown. Here, we show that the tandem GRF–ZFs of NEIL3 provide affinity and specificity for DNA that is greater than each individual motif alone. The crystal structure of the GRF domain shows that the tandem ZF motifs adopt a flexible head-to-tail configuration well-suited for binding to multiple ssDNA conformations. Functionally, we establish that the NEIL3 GRF domain inhibits glycosylase activity against monoadducts and ICLs. This autoinhibitory activity contrasts GRF–ZF domains of other DNA-processing enzymes, which typically use ssDNA binding to enhance catalytic activity, and suggests that the C-terminal region of NEIL3 is involved in both DNA damage recruitment and enzymatic regulation.
Flexural Behavior Degradation of Corroded Aashto Type II Pretensioned Concrete Girder-Deck System

Precast-prestressed concrete (PC) girders are among the most cost-effective type of girders used on highway bridges. Compared with conventional reinforced concrete bridges, PC bridges have higher load-carrying capacity and better crack control. Unfortunately, in corrosive environment, corrosion of strands may result in cracking or spalling of concrete, cross-section loss of strands and degradation of material properties, which affect the flexural behavior of PC bridges. PC bridges are more susceptible to corrosion damage since the bond between prestressing strands and concrete is vital to transfer prestressing force and prestressing strand normally experiences a higher stress level. However, study on the flexural behavior of corroded prestressed concrete girders are very limited. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of flexural behavior of corroded AASHTO Type II pretensioned PC girders with a cast-in-place (CIP) concrete deck using finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA model developed considered bond deterioration between corroded strands and surrounding concrete, deterioration of material properties and cross-section loss of corroded strands. Over three hundred pretensioned concrete girder-deck systems were investigated using the developed FEA model. The following parameters were the primary variables: (1) span-depth ratio, (2) prestressing reinforcement ratio, (3) corrosion level, (4) number of corroded strands, and (5) corrosion length. Failure modes, residual flexural strength, and ductility were analysed for each FEA model. It was concluded that corrosion of prestressing strands significantly influenced the failure mode, residual flexural strength, and ductility of pretensioned concrete girder-deck systems. Corrosion level and number of corroded strands have major impacts on the remaining load-carrying capacity of the corroded system.
The Role of Community Context in Busines District Revitalization Strategies: Business Improvement Districts in Los Angeles

Business improvement districts (BIDs) have been lauded and criticized for their special services provisions that putatively create community economic development environments in urban areas. Few studies have examined how specific BID functions operate within the larger context of community environments. This study describes BIDs in Los Angeles and examines whether their priorities align with underlying community conditions and economic development concerns. Relying on multiple sources of data, we find that there appears to be notable diversity in the budgets and expenditures of BIDs, some of which align with observed community conditions. BID operational priorities are associated with the environments in which they are situated. There is little evidence that BID priorities are universally focused on a single set of interests. The political economy of these organizations within their community context is critical to understanding their operations, appeal, and controversy.
Mazor Core Robots in Spine Surgery

Robot-assisted spine surgery was introduced by Mazor Robotics Ltd. in 2006. As of 2019, there are four FDA-cleared systems commercially available, with several others in various development stages. Mazor’s systems are unique in not being based on and requiring optical surgical tool tracking. Instead, they are powered by Mazor Core Technology, which consists of preoperative planning, physical connection of the system to the patient’s spine, automated anatomy recognition, and automated cross-modality image registration (e.g., fluoro to CT), which together provide registration for each vertebra separately.
Recent advances in prognostication and treatment of polycythemia vera

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by acquisition of an activating mutation of JAK2, which leads to not only erythrocytosis but also frequently to leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, and is associated with a high symptom burden and increased thrombotic risk. PV has the potential to progress to myelofibrosis or an aggressive form of acute myeloid leukemia. Mutational profiling of patients with PV has led to the development of risk stratification tools to determine an individual's risk of developing progressive disease. Although the current goals of PV treatment are to alleviate symptoms and reduce thrombotic risk, there are growing efforts to identify disease-modifying agents which will also prevent progression of disease. Here, we give an overview of the developing prognostic tools and therapeutic landscape for PV, focusing on four drug classes: pegylated interferon-alpha 2, MDM2 antagonists, hepcidin mimetics, and histone deacetylase inhibitors.
ON-Resistance of Ga 2 O 3 Trench-MOS Schottky Barrier Diodes: Role of Sidewall Interface Trapping

We present a comprehensive study of the ON-resistance ( ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) of Ga2O3 trench-MOS Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), with a focus on the effect of sidewall interface trapping. Capacitance–voltage characteristics of MOS-capacitors and current–voltage characteristics of trench SBDs were all repeatedly measured under increasing forward-bias stress voltage to at least +15 V. Both reveal an increase in negative charges trapped near the MOS interface under increasing forward bias, as well as slow detrapping. The slow detrapping in trench SBDs causes a current collapse and a delayed turn-on behavior in the trench SBDs due to sidewall depletion. Through modeling of the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , we found that the sidewall depletion can be eliminated under sufficiently high forward bias. Interestingly, the dynamic ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ under the forward-bias stress is lower than the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ . Such an anomalous behavior is well-explained by analytical calculation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , which can be lowered by a modulation of fin-channel conductivity under forward bias. This study highlights the importance of sidewall interface quality in trench-MOS SBDs and calls for scrutiny on the interpretation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , as artificially low values may arise due to the voltage dependence of ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ .
Accuracy of Phase-Decoupled and Phase-Coupled Distribution Grid Power Flow Models

The complexity and computational burden of nonlinear power flow (PF) models have motivated the introduetion of various approximations. While these approximations provide tractability and reduced computational burden in PF, for optimal power flow (OPF) and control purpose, the accuracy of these models becomes a major concern in the presence of high renewable energy penetration/increased demand in distribution feeders. This paper compares and analyzes, for the first time to our knowledge, the performance of commonly used PF models in OPF formulations for single-phase and unbalanced threephase distribution systems. Simulations performed on the phasecoupled and phase-decoupled versions of the IEEE 123-node and a reduced model extracted from the IEEE 8500-node feeder with varying levels of negative and positive net loads show that, ignoring mutual coupling impedances, as in the phase-decoupled PF models, is the largest source of error on the voltage profiles. Also, the performance of the linear PF models is acceptable only for a small range around the nominal operating point; hence, they can lead to large errors if used in OPF/control framework that seeks solutions on wider operating range.
Perspectives: Clues in Mapping Epilepsy Genes

Soon it will be possible to practice medicine at a molecular level and identify gene products by mapping genes for a growing number of diseases, including the epilepsies. The chromosomal locations of about 900 structural genes are now known, representing less than 2% of the total 50 000 genes estimated for man (McKusick [50]). In addition, 500 anonymous DNA segments have been mapped to specific human chromosomes and many of these human genes have sequence variations, making them useful linkage markers.
Advanced Detection: Physical Tests

In Chap. 4, we identified the challenges and limitations of common physical inspection methods. It was noted that common counterfeit detection practices can fail to detect more and more sophisticated counterfeiting. Counterfeiters are utilizing more advanced techniques making the discrepancies from the authentic ICs so subtle and at times impossible to detect.
Strukturelemente des Körpers

Teil II dieses Buches enthalt sehr viel funktionelle Interpretation von Strukturen, vor allem bezuglich des Atmungs-, Kreislauf- und Exkretionssystems, des Auges und des Gehirns. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt jedoch auf der Analyse der Morphologie in Verbindung mit dem langen Verlauf der Phylogenie, namlich auf beibehaltenen evolutionaren Veranderungen, die allen Tieren in so grosen Taxa wie Klassen und Unterklassen gemein sind. Ursprungliche und unspezialisierte Merkmale werden dargestellt. Strukturen, die fur Tiere mit unterschiedlichen Lebensweisen nutzlich sind, werden hervorgehoben: Kiefer sind allgemein von Vorteil; zwei Paare von Extremitaten haben sich ebenfalls als ein guter allgemeiner Bauplan erwiesen. Ein Kreislaufsystem, das in einen Lungen- und einen Korperkreislauf unterteilt ist, ist fur Tetrapoden besonders gunstig.
Analytical modeling of mixed lubrication performance

Abstract This paper is a review of analytical modeling of mixed lubrication performance. It is a sequel of an earlier review [2] . The first part of this review focuses on recent developments on analyses of macro-scale variables, such as average film thickness, pressure and friction using an average Reynolds equation with appropriate pressure and shear flow factors developed earlier by Elrod [17] and by Patir and Cheng [16] . Of particular interest is the development of a universal average Reynolds equation by Harp and Salant [20] . This new equation is capable of predicting the combined effects of inter-asperity cavitation and macroscopic cavitation. In the second part, recent applications in using average Reynolds equation to analyze the performance of various mixed-lubricated machine components, such as a gas-lubricated slider, hydrostatic thrust bearings, and engine bearings are reviewed briefly. The third part covers recent developments on full numerical simulations of micro-scale variations of fluid and contact pressures as well as film thickness with surface roughness topography measured from real rough surfaces. These results include mostly two-dimensional simulations of elastohydrodynamic point contacts with isotropic as well as longitudinally or transversely oriented roughness. Of particular interest is a new method developed by Hu and Zhu [46] . This robust algorithm is capable of determining the mixed-film pressure under very severe asperity contact pressure at extremely low speeds. Experimental validations of analytical models in mixed lubrication have been scanty. Only limited measurements were found in film thickness and average friction. They are also reviewed briefly.
A SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF COOL-SEASON DERECHO EVENTS

Synoptic-scale environments favorable for producing derechos in the cool season (September through February) are examined with the goal of providing useful techniques for identifying commonalities within derecho activity corridors. Fourteen derechos were identified from two activity corridors located in the southeastern United States and Atlantic seaboard regions between 1986 and 1995. The synoptic environment at the initiation and midpoint of each derecho was then evaluated using surface, upper-air, and the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data sets. Models are provided in order to illustrate the synoptic-scale environment and to assist meteorologists in recognizing conditions favorable for cool-season derecho formation. Marginal instability and strong synoptic-scale forcing characterized the environments of events in both corridors. The overall synoptic patterns associated with cool-season derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems (DMCSs) resembled environments found with cool-season tornado episodes. Recognit...
Gas hydrates in aqueous-organic systems. IV. Formation and detection of ethylene oxide hydrate in tissue.

Abstract Formation of gas hydrate (aqueous clathrate or clathrate hydrate) crystals in intact tissue was studied using water-soluble ethylene oxide as a hydrate former. The presence of internal hydrate crystals was assessed by the characteristics of time-temperature plots obtained during warming of treated samples, by microscopic examination of treated samples, and by visual observation of hydrate formation in a device containing treated tissue embedded in three layers of polyacrylamide gel. On the basis of these tests, it was concluded that ethylene oxide hydrate can be formed in either plant or animal tissue if a sufficient quantity of ethylene oxide is allowed to diffuse into the tissue prior to initiation of crystallization.
Retrospective analyses of the need for mechanical circulatory support (intrasortic balloon pump/abdominal left ventricular assist device or partial artificial heart) after cardiopulmonary bypass. A 44 month study of 14,168 patients.

Abstract Data on 14, 168 adult patients undergoing surgery in the 44 months from November 1, 1975 to July 1, 1979 were analyzed to determine the incidence of need for escalating degrees of mechanical support of the failing circulation (intraaortic balloon pump, abdominal left ventricular assist device, or both) after cardiopulmonary bypass. Analyses were performed using a TRS-80 microcomputer to categorize the postoperative course of all adult patients undergoing open heart surgery. It was assumed that any patient who died despite pharmacologic and intraaortic balloon support was a candidate for more profound mechanical circulatory support, that is, the left ventricular assist device, which is 6 to 10 times more hemodynamically effective; on this basis, the latter device was needed in 430 cases (3 percent). A total of 12,669 patients (89.4 percent) were weaned from bypass without difficulty, 1,499 patients (10.6 percent) required pharmacologic agents and volume loading during weaning, 326 patients (2.3 percent) demonstrated inadequate responses to conventional pharmacologic therapy and required intraaortic balloon support during weaning, 94 patients (0.7 percent) demonstrated an inadequate response to conventional pharmacologic and balloon support and 21 patients (0.1 percent) underwent profound mechanical circulatory support (abdominal implantation of a left ventricular assist device).
Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We are interested in characterizing the process of entry into and the maintenance of the stationary phase. To identify proteins that are induced during growth to stationary phase, we examined protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Although the total rate of protein synthesis declined when growth ceased after the postdiauxic phase, the pattern of proteins synthesized remained similar throughout the experimental period (28 days), except at the diauxic shift. At the diauxic shift most proteins detectable by 2D-PAGE undergo a transient reduction in their relative rate of synthesis that ends when cells resume growth during the postdiauxic phase. We conclude from this that the transient repression of protein synthesis at the diauxic shift is not directly associated with stationary-phase arrest. A number of proteins that are synthesized after exponential phase have been identified by 2D-PAGE. These proteins could be divided into three temporal classes depending upon when their synthesis became detectable. One postexponential protein, designated p35, was induced later than all other proteins, and its relative rate of synthesis increased throughout stationary phase. Unlike most postexponential proteins, p35 was not regulated by heat shock or glucose repression. We also observed that a direct correlation between steady-state mRNA accumulation and protein synthesis for another postexponential protein (Ssa3p) or two closely related constitutive proteins (Ssa1p and Ssa2p) did not exist. We conclude from this result that synthesis of proteins in stationary phase is regulated by mechanisms other than the control of steady-state mRNA accumulation. Images
Orbits on Lagrangian Grassmanian

The purpose of this note is to give a classification of the orbital structure of certain reductive group actions on the Lagrangian Grassmanian. The groups under consideration are $Sp \times Sp$ and $GL$. The classification of $Sp \times Sp$ orbits is well-known and the classification of $GL$-orbits is not known. We also compute the isotropy group. Some of the results here will be used to analyze the representations of the universal covering of the symplectic group on the Shilov boundary.
Executive Wisdom: Coaching and the Emergence of Virtuous Leaders

This book uniquely integrates a large body of historical, philosophical, psychological, and business models and methods as they relate to executive coaching and leadership development, for individuals, dyads, teams, and executive groups. What is executive wisdom, and how can it be developed through coaching? Executive wisdom emerges from a complex matrix of factors that affect an individual leader's thoughts, behavior, and emotions, including his or her organization, biopsychosocial systems, behavioral interfaces, internalized human wisdom system, external and internal challenges, and environment. It develops through the discernment, decision making, and executive action that leaders take in their daily lives. Synthesizing a rich array of concepts and processes, such as wisdom mapping, Kilburg deepens the reader's understanding of leadership performance and explains the causes and consequences of executive failure.
Statistical analysis for identifying mediating variables in public health dentistry interventions.

Objective: This article provides an overview of statistical mediation analysis methods in the evaluation of public health dentistry interventions. Methods and Results: First, reasons for conducting mediation analysis are outlined, followed by a discussion of the link between the mediation model and theoretical bases of interventions. Second, the basic statistical procedures in mediation analysis are presented. An example application to data from a hypothetical intervention is provided in Appendix A. Third, interpretation of the results from statistical mediation analysis is described along with additional information pertinent to identifying true mediation relations. Conclusions: Guidelines for describing mediation analyses in research articles related to public health dentistry intervention studies are outlined.
Breaking the boundaries of the GPI transamidase complex (LB147)

Breaking the boundaries of the GPI transamidase complex Dilani G. Gamage, and Tamara L. Hendrickson Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 Glycosylphosphatidylinos...
Nature of stereoregular butadiene polymerization initiated by ionic coordinated catalysts

A radioactive tracer method for distinguishing between cationic and anionic polymerization mechanism is described. The evaluation of the mechanism involves the terminating of polymerization by alkoxyl-labeled or oxygen-tritiated alcohols and carboxylation of active sites. The limitations of the technique were estimated by applying it to catalysts of established cationic and anionic activity. The TiI4—AlR3 was demonstrated to initiate a coordinated anionic polymerization of butadiene, whereas soluble cobalt complexes catalyze a coordinated cationic propagation. The discrepancies in results of previous studies applying alcohol termination to cobalt catalysts are interpreted. Applying the Cl36-labeled AlR2Cl and/or CoCl2 the chlorine was demonstrated to incorporate into the polymer chain in the course of polymerization, and a mechanism is suggested involving a secondary cationic process catalyzed by excess AlR2Cl.
Optimal cost‐effective topology of column bearings for reducing vertical acceleration demands in multistory base‐isolated buildings

SUMMARY Base-isolation is regarded as one of the most effective methods for protecting the structural and nonstructural building elements from design level horizontal earthquake ground shaking. However, base-isolation as currently practiced does not offer unlimited protection for these buildings, especially when the ground shaking includes a strong vertical component. The vulnerability of nonstructural systems in a base-isolated building was made evident during recent shake table testing of a full-scale five-story base-isolated steel moment frame where nonstructural system damage was observed following tests including vertical excitation. Past research efforts have attempted to achieve 3D isolation of buildings and nuclear structures by concentrating both the horizontal and vertical flexibility at the base of the building that are either quite limited or not economically viable. An approach whereby the vertical flexibility is distributed up the height of the building superstructure to passively reduce vertical acceleration demands in base-isolated buildings is presented. The vertical flexibility is achieved by placing laterally restrained elastomeric ‘column’ bearings at one or more floor levels along the height of the building. To broadly investigate the efficacy of the vertically distributed flexibility concept and the trade-off between mitigation and cost, a multi-objective optimization study was conducted considering 3-story, 9-story, and 20-story archetype buildings that aimed to minimize the median peak vertical floor acceleration demands and to minimize the direct cost of column bearings. Based on the results of the optimization study, a practical rule for determining the number of levels and locations of column bearings is proposed and evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of glycosaminoglycans on thin layers of silica gel

Abstract Mixtures of chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C, plus keratosulfate, heparitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid have been resolved on thin layers of plain silica gel. Glycosaminoglycans in 1 μg amounts can be readily separated and visualized.
Combined modality therapy of malignant melanoma.

The major modalities of therapy, namely, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, are each of value in selected cases of malignant melanoma. However, because none of these therapies, alone, is capable of curing or controlling some subgroups of melanoma patients, combined modality therapy needs to be used more extensively. Surgery is of particular value in the treatment of primary tumors and in recurrent or regional metastatic disease. Chemotherapy for malignant melanoma has been disappointing. The most active single agent, DTIC, induces only about a 20% response rate, and little or no significant improvement is seen when DTIC is combined with other agents. However, chemotherapeutic agents when utilized by isolation perfusion in the treatment of primary or recurrent melanoma of the extremities, in conjunction with surgical excision of the primary tumor, produce cure rates of approximately 85% in patients with stage I disease and 50% in those with stage II disease. Immunotherapy appears to be of significant value in primary melanoma, and intra-lesional BCG immunotherapy of cutaneous or subcutaneous metastatic lesions has yielded a 50% response rate. Successful combined modality therapy would take into account the natural history and course of the disease. Conventional therapy consists of surgery as primary therapy, followed by chemo- or immunotherapy. Further research is needed to determine if better results can be achieved by altering the sequence of utilization of the various treatment modalities.
Fostering Relationships to Increase Teacher Retention in Urban Schools

Wong (2003) purports that it takes between five and seven years to develop an effective teacher, yet the attrition rate of teachers in urban schools implies that over half the teachers leave before they are fully developed. Consequently, many students in urban schools are denied the opportunity to learn from master teachers. This study examines critical components that cause teachers to remain teaching in urban schools past the five year attrition mark. The results of this qualitative study indicate the need for school leaders to draw from occupational research and provide environments in which teachers are supported and regarded as valued decision-makers in their schools. The results reveal the importance of human relationships in the retention and growth of urban teachers.
Divergent regulation of stomatal initiation and patterning in organ and suborgan regions of the Arabidopsis mutants too many mouths and four lips

Stomata are consistently patterned so that they are not in contact. This patterning is violated in the too many mouths (tmm) and four lips (flp) mutations of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. which have stomatal clusters in the first-formed leaves. To clarify the function of both genes in stomatal initiation and patterning, the phenotypes of many different organs were quantified. The flp mutation affects dorsiventral and cylindrical organs differentially with respect to the frequency of clustering. The tmm mutation has a more complex region-specific phenotype in that some regions lack stomata entirely, other regions have excess stomata, and the flower stalk exhibits an apex-to-base gradient from excess to no stomata. This suggests that TMM represents an unusual type of gene regulating plant cell development in that it can either influence stomatal initiation in a positive or negative fashion depending on region. Since the frequencies of initiation and clustering can be uncoupled in tmm, these two functions are under separate region-specific control. Analysis of double mutants shows that tmm and flp in some cases show region-specific interactions in both cluster formation and initiation, and that there may be subpopulations of stomata under different genetic control.
DYKAT of Baylis-Hillman adducts: Concise total synthesis of furaquinocin E

Baylis−Hillman adducts are easily accessible building blocks; the lack of asymmetric versions of the Baylis−Hillman reaction has however precluded their widespread use in asymmetric synthesis. A Pd...
Reduced citrulline production in sepsis is related to diminished de novo arginine and nitric oxide production

BACKGROUND: L-Arginine is an important precursor of nitric oxide (NO) and protein synthesis. Arginine is produced in the body (mainly kidney) by de novo production from citrulline and by protein breakdown. Arginine availability appears to be limited in sepsis. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare arginine and citrulline metabolism in septic patients and nonseptic control patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) and in healthy control subjects. DESIGN: Ten patients with septic shock, 7 critically ill control patients, and 16 healthy elderly subjects were studied. Metabolism was measured by using a primed continuous (2 h) stable-isotope infusion protocol. NO production was calculated as the conversion rate of arginine to citrulline; de novo arginine production was calculated as the conversion rate of citrulline to arginine. Arterial blood (arterialized venous blood in healthy subjects) was collected for the measurement of amino acid enrichment and concentrations. Data are reported as means +/- SDs. RESULTS: Whole-body citrulline production was significantly lower in septic patients (4.5 +/- 2.1 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) than in ICU control patients (10.1 +/- 2.9 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.01) and in healthy control subjects (13.7 +/- 4.1 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.001). Accordingly, de novo arginine production was lower in patients with sepsis (3.3 +/- 3.7 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) than in healthy controls (11.9 +/- 6.6 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.01) and tended to be lower in septic patients than in ICU control patients (10.9 +/- 9.4 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P = 0.05). NO production was lower in septic patients than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.01), whereas a larger part of arginine was converted to urea in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Citrulline production is severely low in patients with sepsis and is related to diminished de novo arginine and NO production. These metabolic alterations contribute to reduced citrulline and arginine availability, and these findings warrant further studies of therapeutic nutritional interventions to restore arginine metabolism in sepsis.
Comments on "A fast converging series expansion for the 2-D periodic Green's function based on perfectly matched layers"

For original paper, see Rogier and De Zutter (IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.52, p.1199-206, Apr. 2004).
Preadolescent health risk behavior as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure and gender.

ABSTRACT:Objective:To examine the effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on health risk behaviors during preadolescence.Methods:The present study examined prenatal cocaine exposure, gender, and environmental risk as predictors of self-reported substance use, aggression, and a disregard for safety preca
Solution-Chemical Syntheses of Nano-Structured Bi 2 Te 3 and PbTe Thermoelectric Materials

In this work, nano-structured Bi2Te3 and PbTe thermoelectric materials were synthesized separately via solvothermal, hydrothermal and low-temperature aqueous chemical routes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning-electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the powder products. Results showed that the as-prepared Bi2Te3 samples were all single-phased and consisted of irregular spherical granules with diameters of ∼30 nm whereas the PbTe samples were mainly composed of well-crystallized cubic crystals with average size of approximately 100 nm. Some nanotubes and nanorods were found in Bi2Te3 and PbTe samples, respectively; these were identified as Bi2Te3 nanotubes and PbTe nanorods by EDS analysis. Possible reaction mechanisms for these syntheses are discussed in detail herein.
Development of a multitechnology FPGA: a reconfigurable architecture for photonic information processing

Over the years, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have made a profound impact on the electronics industry with rapidly improving semiconductor-manufacturing technology ranging from sub-micron to deep sub-micron processes and equally innovative CAD tools. Though FPGA has revolutionized programmable/reconfigurable digital logic technology, one limitation of current FPGA’s is that the user is limited to strictly electronic designs. Thus, they are not suitable for applications that are not purely electronic, such as optical communications, photonic information processing systems and other multi-technology applications (ex. analog devices, MEMS devices and microwave components). Over recent years, the growing trend has been towards the incorporation of non-traditional device technologies into traditional CMOS VLSI systems. The integration of these technologies requires a new kind of FPGA that can merge conventional FPGA technology with photonic and other multi-technology devices. The proposed new class of field programmable device will extend the flexibility, rapid prototyping and reusability benefits associated with conventional electronic into photonic and multi-technology domain and give rise to the development of a wider class of programmable and embedded integrated systems. This new technology will create a tremendous opportunity for applying the conventional programmable/reconfigurable hardware concepts in other disciplines like photonic information processing. To substantiate this novel architectural concept, we have fabricated proof-of-the-concept CMOS VLSI Multi-technology FPGA (MT-FPGA) chips that include both digital field programmable logic blocks and threshold programmable photoreceivers which are suitable for sensing optical signals. Results from these chips strongly support the feasibility of this new optoelectronic device concept.
Complete Corn Silage Ration for Milking Cows

Abstract Soybean meal was added to corn forage at 5% of the fresh weight and stored in a gas-tight silo. The resulting silage contained a forage-to-concentrate dry matter ratio of 87:13 and was fed on an ad lib. basis. Additional concentrate was fed at several levels to explore the animal response expected from other forage:concentrate ratios. Concentrate supplementation providing a 60:40 ratio was near the minimum amount that would adequately support milk production in this experiment.
The regulation of angiogenesis in neuroblastoma

Angiogenesis is required for the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors, and high vascular density has been correlated with aggressive tumor growth in many types of cancer. This process is regulated by the local balance of stimulatory and inhibitory molecules produced by tumor cells, stromal cells, and the organ-specific environment. In neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy that is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical behavior, angiogenesis also appears to play an important role in determining tumor phenotype. The nature of the angiogenic balance in neuroblastoma is complex, and a spectrum of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors has been detected in neuroblastoma tumors. This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulation of angiogenesis in neuroblastoma.
Prosecution's Power, Procedural Rights, and Pleading Guilty: The Problem of Coercion in Plea Bargaining Drug Cases

The purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the significance of several elements of plea bargaining, particularly the sensitive areas between legal coercion and the defendant's voluntary cooperation. The data consist of a representative transcript of the plea negotiations of a defendant charged with attempting to sell drugs. Portions of the transcript (printed here) illustrate the interaction between defendant, defense attorney, federal prosecutor and drug enforcement officer. In this case, police and legal tactics were successful in gaining the defendant's cooperation and at the same time were conducted within constitutional limitations.
Heat capacity of Ar monolayer adsorbed on basal plane graphite

The specific heat of Ar monolayer film adsorbed on basal planes of graphite has been measured for film coverage ranging from 0.31 to 0.97 monolayers for 4.2 < T < 68 K. It is found that a broad specific heat peak centered around 50 K exists over most of the submonolayer coverages until reaching monolayer completion. A comparison with recent neutron scattering and LEED studies relates the anomaly to a possible higher order phase transition between 2D solid and 2D fluid.
Low-energy electron-induced chemistry of condensed methanol: implications for the interstellar synthesis of prebiotic molecules.

In the interstellar medium, UV photolysis of condensed methanol (CH3OH), contained in ice mantles surrounding dust grains, is thought to be the mechanism that drives the formation of “complex” molecules, such as methyl formate (HCOOCH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO). The source of this reaction-initiating UV light is assumed to be local because externally sourced UV radiation cannot penetrate the ice-containing dark, dense molecular clouds. Specifically, exceedingly penetrative high-energy cosmic rays generate secondary electrons within the clouds through molecular ionizations. Hydrogen molecules, present within these dense molecular clouds, are excited in collisions with these secondary electrons. It is the UV light, emitted by these electronically excited hydrogen molecules, that is generally thought to photoprocess interstellar icy grain mantles to generate “complex” molecules. In addition to producing UV light, the large numbers of low-energy (<20 eV) secondary electrons, produced by cosmic rays, can also directly initiate radiolysis reactions in the condensed phase. The goal of our studies is to understand the low-energy, electron-induced processes that occur when high-energy cosmic rays interact with interstellar ices, in which methanol, a precursor of several prebiotic species, is the most abundant organic species. Using post-irradiation temperature-programmed desorption, we have investigated the radiolysis initiated by low-energy (7 eV and 20 eV) electrons in condensed methanol at ∼ 85 K under ultrahigh vacuum (5 × 10−10 Torr) conditions. We have identified eleven electron-induced methanol radiolysis products, which include many that have been previously identified as being formed by methanol UV photolysis in the interstellar medium. These experimental results suggest that low-energy, electron-induced condensed phase reactions may contribute to the interstellar synthesis of “complex” molecules previously thought to form exclusively via UV photons.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDE–LIPID COMPLEXES FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS

Several polysaccharide fractions possessing pronounced antitumor activity were isolated from the polysaccharide–lipid–protein complex elaborated by Serratia marcescens. These fractions were obtained after phenol extraction of the cellular material, by ultracentrifugation and precipitation with ethanol and Cetavlon. They contained glucose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid in different proportions. Each representative fraction caused regression of well-established solid tumors in mice but the dosage requirements varied considerably. One fraction containing glucose, mannose, and glucosamine, but no uronic acids, and having a high solubility in dilute sodium chloride solution and in aqueous acetone, was an exceptionally potent antitumor agent. Another fraction containing galactose and arabinose in addition to several of the usual components was found to be least active. From this work and that of other investigators, it is apparent that Serratia marcescens produces a spectr...
A Comparison of Four Post-Cognitive Theories in Collaboration Context

The post-cognitive theories provide frameworks within which dynamic phenomenon can be conceptualized. The activities can be human-centric or machine-centric or a combination of both. It is interesting to study how the frameworks compare and contrast in a specific context. In this paper, four post-cognitive theories are compared to elucidate their commonalities and differences in the context of collaboration. Components pertinent to each theory are identified for analysis. Using the same context to illustrate different theories will provide better insights into the abstract notions constituting each theory. Each of these theories is profound in its own right and due to their individualistic makeup, a full-fledged comparison will be a daunting task. The scope of this paper is limited to the aspect of collaboration in relation to these theories. The analysis should provide a better perspective on collaborations from a theoretical standpoint.
Cross sections for electronic excitation of water by low-energy electrons

New experimental and theoretical data are presented for excitation of the ^3B_1 and ^1B_1 states of water by low-energy (9-15 eV) electron impact.
After-care for Alcoholics—a Follow-up Study

Resume (1) 76 alcooliques mâles, ont ete tenu sous observation pendant 1-2½ ans, apres avoir quitte l'hopital. L'evaluation de leur progres etat basee sur les habitudes de boire, la manniere de travailler et l'adapation sociale. (2) Apres l'exclusion des psychopates de ces series, les facteurs isoles, personels et sociaux, montrerent peu de relation avec le resultat, quoique une echelle de stabilite sociale generale retint sa valer pronostique. (3) Une bonne perspicacite et une motivation manquerent frequemmet de prevenir une recute apres la sorte de l'hopital. (4) Deux tiers des patients qui se porteret birn apresla sortie n'ont ete incapables de beneficier des soins ulterieurs actifs. (6) Ces resultats indiquent la necessite d'anutres recherches pour determiner comment les soins ulterieurs pourraiet etre donnes avec plous d'efficacite. Zusammenfassung (1) 76 Akoholiker wurden 1 bis 2½ Jahre nach Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus weiter beobachtet. Die Beurteil, ung ihres Fortschrittes berute auf der Gesetzmassigkeit ihres Trinkens, auf ihrem Arbeitsbericht und ihrer sozialen Anpassung. (2) Nach Ausschluss der Psychopathen aus dieser Gruppe wiesen isolierte, personliche nd soziale Fakotoren wenig Zusammenhang mitdem Endresultat auf, obwohl eine Gradienteilung uber allgemeine, soziale Stabilitat ihren prognostischen Wert behielt. (3) Gute Selbsterkenntnis und Motivierung versagten haufig, einen Ruckfall nach Krankehausentlassung zu verhuten. (4) Zwei Drittel der Patienten, die nach Entlassung gute Fortschritte machten, bedurften keiner aktiven Nachbehandlung. (5) Zwei Drittel der Patienten mit Ruckfallen ware ausserstande, aus aktiver Nachbehandlung Nutzen zuziehen. (6) Dieswe Befunde deuten auf den Befarf fur weitere Forschung hin, um zu beurteilen wie Nachbehandlng erfolgreicher eingesetzt werden konnte.
Conditioned c-Fos in mouse NTS during expression of a learned taste aversion depends on contextual cues

c-Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the rat has been found to follow administration of a variety of pharmacologically diverse unconditioned stimuli (US), and it has been proposed that NTS is a critical structure in transduction of the US during taste aversion learning. Before conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) taste does not induce c-Fos in NTS, but following pairing of the CS and US, subsequent CS presentation induces c-Fos in NTS. Although it has been suggested that the shift in the c-Fos response following conditioning represents a molecular correlate of taste aversion learning, i.e. the formerly neutral CS now predicts the toxicity associated with the US, the data presented here suggest a more cautious interpretation of c-Fos expression in NTS. In mice, post-conditioning c-Fos expression to the CS depends on contextual cues: when conditioning and testing occur in a novel environment, CS saccharin causes an increase in c-Fos expression, and when conditioning and testing occur in the home cage, CS saccharin produces a decrease in c-Fos expression relative to controls. Furthermore, we show that merely placing an animal into a novel environment is sufficient to drive c-Fos expression in NTS. These data suggest that c-Fos expression in NTS can be driven by a number of different stimuli and conditions, and that these responses may depend on context-dependent activation of forebrain structures shown to drive conditioned c-Fos expression in NTS.