cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dignity in Multiplicity: Human Value as a Foundational Concept in Relational Thought

This paper explores the foundational status of the concept of human dignity in relational thought. The author highlights the importance of dignity in everyday clinical work, as well as the role this notion has played in inspiring what has been called the “relational turn” in psychoanalysis. Utilizing concepts from ethical theory and current analytic ideas regarding the multiplicity of self-states, the author sketches a model of psychic experience in which dignity plays a defining role. This model emphasizes the ongoing dialectic between dignity-based processes (in which Self and Other are experienced as unconditionally valuable) and processes in which we experience Self and Other as only conditionally valuable, or in many cases of pathology, unconditionally bad. A dignity-based vision of analytic process is proposed, wherein analyst and patient are engaged in the co-construction of an intersubjective space that is progressively more consistent with their intrinsic worth as human beings. It is suggested th...
Have bilateral total knee arthroplasties become safer? A population-based trend analysis

Background Studies suggest a trend in the selection of younger and healthier individuals to undergo bilateral TKAs in an attempt to diminish the incidence of complications. It remains unclear whether this development has reduced overall perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Building a global hotspot ecology with Triana data

Triana is an Earth remote sensing satellite to be located at the distant Langrange Point L-1, the gravity-neutral point between the Earth and the Sun. It will provide continuous fill disk images of the entire sunlit side of the Earth with 8 km pixel resolution. The primary remote sensing instrument on Triana is a calibrated multispectral imager with 10 spectral channels in the UV, VIS, and NIR between 317 and 870 nm (reflected solar radiation). Due to its unique location at the Lagrange L-1 point, in the direct line-of-sight between Earth and Sun, Triana will view the Earth always in and near the solar retro-reflection direction which is also known as the hotspot direction. The canopy hotspot effect has rich information content for vegetation characterization, especially indications of canopy structure and vegetation health and stress situations. Primary vegetation-related data are the hotspot angular width W, and a hotspot factor C that quantifies the magnitude of the hotspot effect. Both quantities are related to the structural parameters of canopy height, foliage size, shape, and leaf area index (LAI). The continuous observations by Triana will allow us to establish time-series of these ecological parameters for all land biomes by longitude, latitude, and wavelength, that form the basis data set for a new global hotspot land vegetation ecology. The hotspot factor C will allow the determination of the enhanced radiant flux reflected from the Earth into space due to the hotspot effect. The hotspot flux enhancement due to the vegetation hotspot effect is estimated to account for about 1% of the entire Earth radiative energy balance.
De/Racinated Transcendental Conversions: Witchcraft, Oracle and Magic among the Israeli Feminist Left Peace Camp

Drawn from the ethnography of Mizrahi feminist activism, my essay partakes of Michael Selzer's 1967 monumental The Aryanisation of the Jewish State. It analyses the oratory process through which Israel's feminist ‘Peace Camp’ racinates the question of Palestine. While this camp – which is almost 100 percent upper middle class Ashkenazi – opens up for the Palestinian nationalist feminist, allowing her space between her ‘nation’ and ‘race’, it manages to transcend its colonialist deracination of the Mizrahim, Israel's demographic non-European majority. The essay argues that the racinated Mizrahi is not allowed to enter either the peace-club or any sites of the tight-knit Israeli cultural-economic elites promoting the Oslo Peace Process. Such deracinated peace-witchcraft is rarely practised to improve the disenfranchised lived realities of most (poor) Mizrahim, who often resort to charities, right-wing and/or ultra-orthodox by default. Paradoxically, however, these progressive feminists admit their bounds of...
Early intervention in acute myocardial infarction: One center's perspective

Understanding of the phenomenon of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and definition of proper treatment have changed radically in the past decade. AMI is regarded as an evolving event with an outcome that may be modifiable. Initial attempts at intervention involved reducing myocardial oxygen requirements and salvaging ischemic tissue. Studies of β-blockade administration, which at first was considered contraindicated, have shown that such treatment may be beneficial and may also be safe in the postinfarction period. The hypothesis that the mass of infarct sustained is important to outcome is also under study, with use of such techniques as serial plasma creatine kinase (CK) determinations and ejection fraction for assessing infarct size. Analysis of isoforms of CK is a new area of interest that may facilitate early diagnosis and define the chronologic aspects of infarcts. Myocardial reperfusion with fibrolytic agents has yielded apparent benefit, but it is an aggressive and still experimental form of intervention. Positron tomography has been used for quantitative assessment of regional metabolism and perfusion. Initial results of reperfusion with clot-selective fibrinolytic agents, expected to reduce the risk of bleeding, indicate favorable effects on the heart and no evidence of systemic bleeding.
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion in rat Kupffer cells by siRNA: in vivo efficacy of siRNA-liposomes.

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including alcoholic liver disease. In the liver, Kupffer cells are the primary source of the cytokine. Obliteration of Kupffer cells or neutralization of TNF-α by anti-TNF-α antibody or by an antisense oligonucleotide prevents ethanol-mediated liver damage. In this study, we report the identification of yet another highly efficacious gene-silencing molecule, the short interfering RNA (siRNA), SSL3, against TNF-α. The efficacies of various siRNA duplexes were tested against TNF-α mRNA in primary cultures of rat Kupffer cells. SSL3 (25 nM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of TNF-α by 55% ( p 60% ( p
Experimental determination of trace element partition coefficients in cultured benthic foraminifera

Abstract We present the first trace metal partition coefficients obtained from reproducing cultures of deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanographically important species, including juvenile Bulimina marginata , Cibicidoides pachyderma , and Uvigerina peregrina , were maintained in sediment microcosms at 10°C, 35 psu, and pH 8 for 1–3 years. Juvenile foraminifera were separated, cleaned, and dissolved under clean conditions for determination of trace metal partition coefficients on recently deposited (1–3 months) foraminiferal calcite. In addition to the deep-sea species, we analyzed a shallow water benthic foraminifer, Ammonia beccarii . Overlying water samples were collected from the microcosms concurrent to the period of calcification (3 months prior to separation). Ba/Ca partition coefficients ( D Ba ) were measured in replicate for benthic foraminifera species Bulimina marginata (0.24 ± 0.07), Uvigerina peregrina (0.24 ± 0.06, Ammonia beccarii (0.20 ± 0.04). The D Ba for Bulimina marginata and Uvigerina peregrina were found to closely match the range from the Ontong Java Plateau. Sample size limitations allowed for only one analysis of D Ba for Cibicidoides pachyderma . However, our nonreplicated D Ba of 0.5 ± 0.1 falls within the accepted range of core top samples (0.37 ± 0.06). We report a D Cd for Ammonia of 1.0 ± 0.5, for Cibicidoides of 4 ± 2, for Bulimina of 3 ± 1, and for Uvigerina 2 ± 1 which all fall within the ranges reported for core top calibrations. The large uncertainties in D Cd reflect variation in dissolved Cd concentration in the artificial seawater reservoir due to loss and replacement of Cd during the course of the experiment. The variability between species is probably the result of variability in pore water Cd in the sediment culture system and may reflect habitat effects.
Simulating the Effects of Common and Specific Abilities on Test Performance: An Evaluation of Factor Analysis

Purpose Factor analysis is a useful technique to aid in organizing multivariate data characterizing speech, language, and auditory abilities. However, knowledge of the limitations of factor analysis is essential for proper interpretation of results. The present study used simulated test scores to illustrate some characteristics of factor analysis. Method Linear models were used to simulate test scores that were determined by multiple latent variables. These simulated test scores were evaluated with principal components analysis and, in certain cases, structural equation modeling. In addition, a subset of simulated individuals characterized by poor test performance was examined. Results The number of factors recovered and their identity do not necessarily correspond to the structure of the latent variables that generated the test scores. The first principal component may represent variance from multiple uncorrelated sources. Practices such as correction or control for general cognitive ability may produce ...
Deterring Anger and Anger-Motivated Behaviors

Two experiments were carried out to explore an anger-reducing strategy based on Brehm's emotional intensity theory. According to this theory, anger can be reduced indirectly by interfering with the feeling of anger rather than by dealing directly with the source of anger. One strategy involves providing the angered person with a reason for feeling happy. We predicted that anger intensity would be reduced not only by a large reason for feeling happy, such as a large gift, but also by a small reason, like a tiny gift. A medium-size gift was expected to maintain anger at approximately its instigated level. Both experiments instigated anger by personal insult and then measured the intensity of felt anger and retaliation after either no further treatment, or a small, a moderate, or large irrelevant gift was presented. The results for felt anger and retaliation confirmed our theoretical expectations.
Fully scaled 0.5μm MOS circuits by synchrotron radiation X-ray lithography: Mask fabrication and chraterization

Abstract Full sets (8 levels each) of X-ray masks have been made and characterized for overlay, resolution and line- width control. These mask sets have been successfully used to fabricate fully scaled 0.5 μm MOS circuits. The mask absorber included, in addition to the device pattern, test patterns and fiducials. A multilevel resist system was used to pattern the critical levels of the mask set. The precision of the mask set has been characterized by measuring more than 600 fiducials on each mask. Analysis of this data shows a level to level overlay error of less than 0.12 μm (3 σ) including measurement error. SEM measurements show a line-width controlled to within 250 A (1 σ). Details of the device masks and their characteristics are discussed in this paper.
Diffraction study of oxygen adsorption on a (110) tungsten face

Oxygen adsorption on tungsten crystal face studied by back-reflection low energy electron diffraction
Effect of several biogenic amines on in vitro progesterone secretion by the bovine corpus luteum.

Abstract 1. The effect of several biogenic amines on secretion of progesterone (P4) was examined using bovine corpora lutea (n = 6), removed on day 13 of the oestrus cycle, enzymatically dispersed and cultured in vitro. 2. Luteal cell cultures were co-incubated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 50 ng of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NOR), dopamine (DOPA), melatonin (MEL), N-acetyl-50H-serotonin (N-acetyl-50H-tryptamine; NacS), serotonin (50H-tryptamine; 5HT) or saline control. 3. EPI, NOR and DOPA decreased baseline release of P4. 4. The magnitude of the response of P4 to LH was depressed when cells were co-incubated with DOPA, EPI and 5HT and stimulated when cells were co-incubated with MEL and NacS. 5. These data indicate that the biogenic amines might modulate ovarian steroidogenesis supplementary to hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormonal mechanisms.
An ultrastructural study of intrarenal catecholamine-containing elements

Histochemical visualization of catecholamines and electron microscopy in the same tissue sample were used to localize and study catecholamine-containing nerve enlargements or swellings in male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys. These swellings lie in the perivascular nerve plexuses of arcuate and interlobular arteries near the points of origin of arterioles, and are composed of modified axons and associated Schwann cells. Transverse sections of the enlarged nerves reveal that individual axons are also enlarged, have processes or folds and make contact with one another. The axonal enlargements contain small mitochondria with a dense matrix and clusters of small vesicles, many of which are associated with an organelle composed of parallel cisternae of smooth membranes.
Carbamylcholine inhibits β-adrenergic receptor-coupled Gs protein function proximal to adenylate cyclase

The specific mechanism by which the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gi) mediates the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity is still unclear. The subunit dissociation model, based on studies in purified or reconstituted systems, suggests that the βγ subunit, which is dissociated with activation of Gi, inhibits the function of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gs) by reducing the concentration of the free αs subunit. In the present study, Gs, protein function is determined by measuring cholera toxin-blockable, isoproterenol-induced increases in guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding capacity to rat cardiac ventricle membrane preparations. Carbamylcholine totally inhibited this β-adrenergic receptor-coupled Gs protein function. Pretreatment of the cardiac ventricle membrane preparation with pertussis toxin prevented this muscarinic agonist effect. These results confirm the possibility of an inhibitory agonist-receptor coupled effect through Gi on Gs protein function proximal to the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase in an intact membrane preparation.
The impact of the carotid plaque type on restenosis and future cardiovascular events: a 12-year prospective study.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the impact of the carotid plaque type on recurrent carotid stenosis, future cardiovascular events and patients' survival. Design: open prospective study. Patients and methods: three hundred and eight patients who underwent a total of 338 carotid endarterectomies were included in the study. All of the patients were evaluated postoperatively with clinical examination and colour duplex 1 month after the operation and every 6 months thereafter. Mean duration of follow-up was 63 months (range: 12–144). Eight patients (3%) were lost to follow-up. Restenoses, cardiovascular events and deaths were recorded and analysed with regard to the traditional risk factors and the ultrasonographic characteristics of the plaques. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, the log rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: cumulative restenosis rate at 10 years of follow-up was 21% and was associated with coronary artery disease ( p =0.01) and echolucent plaques ( p =0.02). Life-table analysis showed a 10-year survival rate of 64% and a 10-year rate of cardiovascular events of 41%. Hypertension ( p =0.003), coronary artery disease ( p =0.002) and echolucent plaques ( p =0.01) were associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events.
Feasibility of occipital condyle screw placement for occipitocervical fixation: a cadaveric study and description of a novel technique.

STUDY DESIGN Occipital-cervical (OC) stabilization using occipital condyle fixation with a polyaxial screw-rod construct is described. OBJECTIVES To describe a novel technique and initial radiographic results for posterior OC fixation using the occipital condyles for cranial fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Stabilization of the OC junction remains a challenge. Owing to the regional anatomy and the poor occipital bone purchase, multiple attachment points to the occipital bone are required to increase construct rigidity. To address these issues, we propose a novel OC fixation technique using polyaxial occipital condyle screws for cranial purchase. METHODS The OC junction was exposed posteriorly in silicone-injected cadaver heads. Polyaxial titanium screws (3.5 mm) were inserted bicortically solely into the occipital condyles; C1 lateral masses and C2 pedicles, or transarticularly through C1-C2, followed by fixation to a 3-mm rod. Drilling was guided by anatomic landmarks and fluoroscopy. Computerized tomography scans were obtained. Condylar screw angles and lengths were analyzed with respect to historical morphometric condyle measurements and with respect to neurovascular structures. RESULTS The condylar entry point was 4 to 5-mm lateral to the foramen magnum on the axial plane, and 1 to 2-mm rostral to the atlantooccipital joint. The mean angle of medialization was 17 degrees (range: 12 to 22 degrees). In the sagittal plane, the maximal superior screw angulation was 5 degrees. The mean screw length to obtain bicortical purchase was 22 mm (range: 20 to 24 mm). The hypoglossal canal was uninterrupted during its full course. The jugular bulb, carotid, and vertebral arteries were not injured by condyle screw placement. No fractures were identified. CONCLUSION Condyle screws can be placed without injury to neurovascular structures. OC junction fixation using polyaxial occipital condyle screws is feasible and can be considered a salvage technique or an alternative where other fixation techniques are not available.
Pteropods as bathymetric indicators

Pteropods are believed to have great potential as bathymetric indicators due to the restricted depth ranges of certain species and to rapid settling velocities which should lead to deposition close to their habitat. In accord with this hypothesis, the Creseis spp./Limacina inflata ratio has been found to be depth-dependent in sediments from the open shelf off the western coast of India; the ratio being high in shallow water (< 100 m) and decreasing rapidly with increasing depth.
HESI Admission Assessment (A2) Examination Scores, Program Progression, and NCLEX-RN Success in Baccalaureate Nursing: An Exploratory Study of Dependable Academic Indicators of Success

In an effort to meet the demand for well-educated, high-quality nurses, schools of nursing seek to admit those candidates most likely to have both timely progression and first-time success on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Finding the right combination of academic indicators, which are most predictive of success, continues to be an ongoing challenge for entry-level baccalaureate nursing programs across the United States. This pilot study explored the relationship of a standardized admission examination, the Health Education Systems, Inc. (HESI) Admission Assessment (A 2 ) Examination to preadmission grade point average (GPA), science GPA, and nursing GPA using a retrospective descriptive design. In addition, the predictive ability of the A 2 Examination, preadmission GPA, and science GPA related to timely progression and NCLEX-RN success were explored. In a sample of 89 students, no relationship was found between the A 2 Examination and preadmission GPA or science GPA. The A 2 Examination was correlated with nursing GPA and NCLEX-RN success but not with timely progression. Further studies are needed to explore the utility and predictive ability of standardized examinations such as the A 2 Examination and the contribution of such examinations to evidence-based admission decision making.
Human motion analysis and characterization

Georgia Tech has investigated methods for the detection and tracking of personnel in a variety of acquisition environments. This research effort focused on a detailed phenomenological analysis of human physiology and signatures with the subsequent identification and characterization of potential observables. Both aspects are needed to support the development of personnel detection and tracking algorithms. As a fundamental part of this research effort, Georgia Tech collected motion capture data on an individual for a variety of walking speeds, carrying loads, and load distributions. These data formed the basis for deriving fundamental properties of the individual's motion and the derivation of motionbased observables, and changes in these fundamental properties arising from load variations. Analyses were conducted to characterize the motion properties of various body components such as leg swing, arm swing, head motion, and full body motion. This paper will describe the data acquisition process, extraction of motion characteristics, and analysis of these data. Video sequences illustrating the motion data and analysis results will also be presented.
Nonperturbative gravitational events at the TeV scale

The physics of super-Planckian collisions dates back to the late 80's. (For general references see Ref. ) The renewed interest in super-Planckian events stems from the possibility that the fundamental scale of gravity may be much lower than the observed gravitational scale, even of the order of a few TeV. In braneworld scenarios with large extra dimensions, the observed weakness of the gravitational field is due to the "leakage" of gravity in the extra dimensions: standard model (SM) fields are constrained in a four-dimensional submanifold, whereas gravitons are allowed to freely propagate in the higher-dimensional spacetime. If the coupling constant of the gravitational field is ~ TeV, strong gravitational effects become manifest at this scale. Super-Planckian collisions would then take place in next-generation particle colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and in the atmosphere, induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). An entire session of this conference is devoted to black hole (BH) formation from high energy collisions. Here, I will simply present a brief overview of nonperturbative gravitational effects in super-Planckian scattering.
Direct Spectroscopic Observation of the Structural Origin of Peroxide Generation from Co-Based Pyrolyzed Porphyrins for ORR Applications

Pyrolyzed transition metal based porphyrins present an attractive alternative to state of the art Pt-based electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications based on their comparatively low cost. Unfortunately, the large array of precursors and synthetic strategies has led to considerable ambiguity regarding the specific structure/property relationships that give rise to their activity for oxygen reduction. Specifically, considerable debate exists in actual chemical structure of the pyrolyzed reaction centers, and their relationship to membrane-damaging peroxide yield. In this manuscript a comprehensive electrochemical and spectroscopic study of pyrolyzed CoTMPP produced via a self-templating process is presented. The resulting electrocatalysts are not carbon-supported, but are highly porous self-supported pyropolymers. Rotating ring disk electrode measurements showed that the materials pyrolyzed at 700 °C exhibited the highest performance, whereas pyrolysis at 800 °C resulted in a significant increase in the p...
Metal–metal and metal–semiconductor composite nanoclusters

Abstract Colloidal metal–metal and metal–semiconductor nanocomposites have been synthesized by the chemical reduction of [AuCl4]− on the surface of preformed Silver and TiO2 colloids and Ag+ on the surface of SnO2 and SiO2 colloids. Photoinduced bleaching of surface plasmon band has been monitored using a picosecond laser flash photolysis apparatus. In the case of Ag/Au nanoparticles, the magnitude of the surface plasmon bleach of the silver core can be modulated by controlling the capping layer of gold without altering the long term bleaching recovery kinetics. In the case of TiO2/Au nanoclusters, the ratio of [TiO2]/[Au] directly influences the particle size and the stability of these core-shell composite nanoparticles. Aggregation effects were observed for colloids with a TiO2:Au ratio of less than 1:1. Laser pulse excitation (532 nm) of these aggregated colloids resulted in the fusion and formation of large nanocomposite clusters. The gold capped TiO2 nanoparticles were found to improve the efficiency of interfacial charge transfer process.
1 + (0 + ) state at 12.4 MeV in 20 Ne

Careful review of all the evidence makes it clear that at least three states are important at 12.4-MeV excitation in 20Ne (four, if the broad (2+) at 12.5 MeV is included). The three states are 3 - , 0 + , and 1 + (0+). The latter, which is quite strong in 19F (3He, d) singles, is probably the state observed in coincidence with 6.13-MeV γ-rays in 19F(3He, dγ).
Chechnya and Kashmir: The Jihadist Evolution of Nationalism to Jihad and Beyond

This article examines the transformation of the Chechen conflict from a predominately nationalist to jihadist struggle, and compares the similar changes that took place in the Kashmiri insurgency. Using global jihadist strategy and ideology, and the accompanying influence of Al Qaida, both conflicts are shown to have taken on a new ideology and to have expanded beyond previous areas of operation. In both instances, the political leadership wrapped themselves in the mantle of political Islam (Islamism) as ensuing violence led to rapid socioeconomic transformation and social breakdown, thus allowing foreign jihadists to exert power and take up/divert the cause. In the past few years, two main groups originating in Chechnya and Kashmir have taken on Western targets and become more indoctrinated in Al Qaida's global jihadist ideology: the Caucasus Emirate (CE) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). The opportunist franchising strategy of Al Qaida could come to play a role in the future of both groups, especially if the C...
Responses of retinal axons in vivo and in vitro to position-encoding molecules in the embryonic superior colliculus

Abstract We show that rat retinal ganglion cell axons exhibit no topographic specificity in growth along the rostral-caudal axis of the embryonic superior colliculus (SC). Position-related, morphological differences are not found between temporal and nasal axon growth cones. However, everyonic retinal axons respond in vitro to a position-dependent molecular property of SC membranes. In vivo, regional specificity in side branching is the earliest indication that axons make topographic distinctions along the rostral-caudal SC axis. Our contrasting in vivo and in vitro results indicate that molecules encoding rostral-caudal position in the SC neither guide nor restrict retinal axon growth, but may promote the development of topographic connections by controlling specificity in the extension or stabilization of branches.
A macrocyclic triproline-derived template for helix nucleation

Abstract The synthesis of 2 is reported in 11 steps from proline, 4-mercaptoproline, and iodoacetate. X-ray structural analysis is used to assign the cct amide orientation to 2 in the crystal.
Analytic Prediction of Surface Pressures over a Hemisphere-Cylinder at Incidence

The utility of the hemisphere cylinder cone guration lends itself to widespread application, ranging from measurement probes to underwater vehicles. A simple explicit method to estimate the surface pressures over this cone guration would be of use for both conceptual design and for understanding the relation of the design variables. Consequently, an explicit equation is developed that requires only the hemisphere cylinder incidence and the location of the point of interest to yield the e nal surface e ow. Surface pressures are calculated using perturbation potentials calculated from least-square curve e ts to numerically estimated potentials. Comparisons of the expression with experimental data show good agreement.
Happy New Year--renewal, welcome, and farewell.

A new year brings with it a new outlook, a promise of change, and the opportunity to look back on the previous year with some nostalgia. This is certainly true for ABC’s two educational columns “ABCs of Teaching Analytical Science” and “Building a Professional Career.” Regular readers will soon notice a new title: “ABCs of Education and Professional Development in Analytical Science.” This change in title recognizes the merger of the previous teaching column with the career column edited by John Fetzer. It also reflects the necessity to develop in our students the professional skills they will need for success in their careers as we endeavor to help them build their analytical chemistry content knowledge and problem-solving skills. The new focus of this column on education, rather than teaching, also reflects the need for scientists at all stages of our careers to continue our education and professional development. For example, the launch of the new column in 2013 with an article by Prof. Apryll Stalcup on “Surviving toxic work environments” effectively bridges the topics of education and professional development. I am also pleased to announce that along with a new column, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry welcomes Prof. Thomas Wenzel, Bates College, as a new column editor. Thomas Wenzel is active in research with undergraduate students in the area of chiral NMR shift reagents, and his research accomplishments were recognized with the 2010 American Chemical Society Award for Research at an Undergraduate Institution. He is also a leader in analytical chemistry education reform and has championed teaching using problem-based and active learning approaches. His 2011 contribution “Active learning materials for equilibrium chemistry and separation science” published in the ABCs of Teaching Analytical Science column nicely describes his collaborative inquiry-based approach to teaching along with the materials he has developed to support this approach, which are available for free download through the Analytical Sciences Digital Library (www.asdlib.org). His educational activities were recognized through receipt of the 1999 J.C. Giddings Award for Excellence in Education sponsored by the Analytical Division of the American Chemical Society. He joins column coeditors Reiner Salzer and John Fetzer in guiding the selection of topics for future columns and ensuring high-quality informative contributions.
Morphological analysis of damage to tomato leaflets by tomato russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae).

Morphological damage to tomato leaflets by tomato russet mite (TRM), Aculops lycopersici (Massee), was examined by tissue sectioning. Upper and lower epidermal cells were destroyed by mite feeding. A thickened layer of callous tissue formed adjacent to the parenchyma in regions of epidermal cell death. Underlying parenchyma cells were not damaged, probably due to the short stylet length of TRM. Epidermal cell damage was most prominent near the leaflet mid vein, extending laterally toward the margin. Studies suggested that as mite density on a tomato leaflet increased, the feeding activity of each individual mite was accelerated.
The outlook of flash EPROM technology

The author gives a brief review of flash technologies and discusses the three dominant flash technologies. The challenge of technology scaling is discussed. Flash technology development is an exciting area because it involves not only process technology, but also device, design, test and system technologies. All areas have to work well together to make flash a success. >
Using scatterometry to improve process control during the spacer pitch splitting process

In an effort to keep scaling at the speed of Moore's law, novel methods are being developed to facilitate advanced semiconductor manufacturing at the 32nm node and beyond. One such method for enabling the creation of dense pitches beyond the current lithography resolution limit is spacer pitch splitting. This method typically involves patterning a sacrificial gate pattern, then performing a standard spacer deposition and etch back process, after which the sacrificial gate is removed and the remaining spacers themselves are used as the effective mask for the pattern transfer. Some of the key advantages of this process are the ability to create sub-resolution lines and also the improvement in Line Edge Roughness seen on the final pattern. However, there are certain limitations with this process, namely the ability to only pattern lines in one dimension, and also the complexity of the metrology, where the final Critical Dimension result is a function of the lithography condition from the sacrificial gate patterning, and also the various film layer depositions as well as the spacer etch back process. Given this complexity, the accurate measurement of not only the spacer width but also the spacer shape is important. In this work we investigate the use of scatterometry techniques to enable these measurements on leading edge devices.
Passive attitude damping of alternative assembly configurations of Space Station Freedom

Because of the large size of the proposed U.S. Space Station Freedom, a difficulty exists pertaining to the manifest of initial assembly flights. A fully functioning vehicle with communication, control, and reboost capability would be ideal. As a result of the size and weight of Freedom's components, the Space Shuttle is unable to deliver a fully functioning vehicle without the use of heavy, expensive, temporary components such as avionics, propulsion, and control. An alternative lies in the use of passive magnetic dampers.
Modeling Muscle With A Continuum Approach, New Insights Into An Old Problem

Muscle contraction has long been modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs) to describe the chemical states of myosin as a function of time and strain. These models typically assume constant shortening rate and sparse myosin binding sites on actin. However, oscillatory shortening occurs in Monte-Carlo simulations of small ensembles of myosin (N=150) with fixed near-stall load and continuous binding sites (e.g. Duke 2000). Are these oscillatory solutions physiologically important? Should we re-examine the convenient assumptions of constant shortening rate and sparse binding? If so, then we should find oscillations in realistic PDE muscle models without these assumptions. Here, we develop a realistic muscle model. Using a soft-spring approximation, where we assume that external force on myosin induces a deformation primarily along a single degree of freedom, we develop relationships between rate constants and strain. These rate functions may be defined with a few parameters. The parameters not known from biochemical and biophysical studies may be determined by an optimization-of-fit to data. This approach generalizes previous expressions (e.g. Duke 1999, Smith and Geeves 1995). We then develop two models: 1) a PDE model with discrete binding sites and fixed load. This model shows near-stall oscillations only with finite N. 2) an integro-PDE model with continuous binding sites (after Hoppensteadt and Peskin 1992) and fixed load. This model exhibits oscillations that decay to a uniform steady-state. We introduce a reduced model to explain the N-dependence of these large load-oscillations and show that they are a result of small (N∼O(102)) ensemble size. Thus, we argue that the continuum modeling approach should not be rejected based on large-load oscillations or continuous binding sites.
Multiple linear and nonlinear regression analyses of factors causing calving difficulty.

Abstract Calving difficulty (CD) was analyzed as the dependent variable from observations on 592 first-calf, 2-year-old heifers that were either Angus X Hereford (AH), Charolais X AH or Simmental X AH. Independent variables were birth weight (BW), pelvic area (PA), BW·33, PA·5, cow weight (CW), cow condition score (CS) and sex of calf (S). CD was analyzed as score (1 = no difficulty through 4 = extreme difficulty) CD-I, % CD ( 1 vs 2 + 3 + 4 , CD-II) or % high CD ( 1 + 2 vs 3 + 4 , CD-III). R2 values from CD-II and CD-III multiple correlation (R) analyses were consistently lower (.10 to .13) than from the CD-I analysis. When only BW and PA were included in the model, R2 values for CD-I were .36, .39 and .39 for the linear, quadratic and cubic analyses, respectively. When BW, PA, CW, CS and S were included in the model, the R2 values for CD-I were .40 and .42 for the linear and quadratic analyses (cubic effects were not tested). In the linear analysis with BW·33 and PA·5, the R2 for CD-I was .36. In all analyses, the order of importance of the factors studied was BW and PA, with a much lower contribution from CW and S. CS did not account for a significant increase in R2 in any analysis. CD remained below 50% whenever the PA BW ratio exceeded 8.4. This ratio is a convenient practical method to relate PA and BW to CD. Conclusions are that the linear effects of BW and PA account for the majority of the identified variation in CD (R2) and that small increases in R2 can be obtained by adding CW, CS and S to the model and/or by expanding the model to include quadratic effects.
The in vitro inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase by organochlorine insecticides

Abstract The inactivation of beef, rabbit, and salmon isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase by dieldrin, Kepone, mirex, o , p ′-DDT, and p , p ′-DDT was carefully investigated. Enzyme inactivation was only observed when the polychlorinated compounds were added in excess of their respective solubility limits. Partial solubilization of the organochlorine insecticides by the cosolvent, ethanol, or the surfactant Triton X-100 greatly decreases or totally eliminates this inactivation. The addition of bovine serum albumin to the reaction mixtures also diminishes the inactivating effect. Protein analysis of enzyme solutions to which stock solutions of the organochlorine insecticides were added show that, as precipitation of the compounds takes place, protein is physically removed from solution. The kinetic behavior of lactate dehydrogenase partially inhibited by oxamate or bromphenol blue differs fundamentally from that of the enzyme partially inactivated by the insecticides. Taken together, the results of the present work indicate that enzyme inactivation is not due to chemical inhibition, but rather to coprecipitation in which the enzyme is physically occluded by the precipitating organochlorine compounds. It is also shown that the muscle isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase are considerably more susceptible toward copreciptiation than the corresponding heart isozymes. The biochemical significance of the observed differential coprecipitation of the isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase by organochlorine insecticides is discussed in light of our experimental observations.
The influence of parents church and peers on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of college students.

Male and female undergraduate students were surveyed concerning their sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive behavior. In addition, the general attitudes about sexuality the students perceived as communicated to them by their parents, their church, and their peers were assessed. It was found for female students that general attitudes about sexuality, as defined on an erotophilia-erotophobia dimension, and sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of peers, rather than those of parents and church. However, male students' attitudes and some sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of their parents, rather than the views of their peers and church. Church attitudes were not found to be related to any of the measures. None of the sources of influence, parents, peers, or church attitudes, or erotophilia-erotophobia was related to contraceptive behavior.
Alternative to improve palliative care for all patients and families in critical care units: development and preliminary evaluation following MRC guidance of the King's Psychosocial, Assessment and Care tool

More than one in five people admitted to an ICU will die there. Research has highlighted concerns about support for patients and families and decision-making in this context [1,2]. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of a tool to improve palliative care in a 32-bed general ICU in a central London teaching hospital.
Disparities in chronic conditions and health status by type of disability

Background Prior research has established health disparities between people with and without disabilities. However, disparities within the disability population, such as those related to type of disability, have been much less studied.
Fracturing at contact surfaces subjected to normal and tangential loads

Abstract A variety of rock engineering problems including drilling, cutting, abrasion, and milling involve rock tool contact and indentation. The pattern of indentation fractures and the role of slip conditions, surface roughness, tool radius and initial flaw size for an arbitrarily loaded contact are not fully known. The present paper aims to identify the elastic stress field for a contact subjected to both normal and tangential loads, and evaluate the condition for the fracture initiation and propagation. Stress fields within two spheres at contact are available when either only normal load is applied or when tangential load causes full-slip conditions. It is shown here that through appropriate superposition of the above two solutions, the stress field under partial-slip conditions, as well as during the unloading of tangential force may be determined. Maximum tensile stress increases significantly under partial-slip conditions as compared to the full-slip case even though the same magnitude of tangential force is applied. The location of maximum tensile stress moves inward from the trailing edge as the tangential force is unloaded. The stress-intensity factors for a penny-shaped crack which initiates at the contact periphery, and follows the minimum principal stress trajectory are obtained and utilized to study indentation fracturing. The dependency of critical loads on initial flaw size, indenter radius and slip conditions is quantified. The predictions of fracture density and spacing under a sliding indenter are achieved through a simple estimate of shielding interaction between adjacent fractures. Relation of these evenly spaced fractures with the formation of wear grooves on sliding surfaces is discussed.
SPIN--PARITY AND HELICITY OF DIFFRACTIVELY PRODUCED N*.

Abstract Analysis of the two-body πN decay for N ∗ (1500) and N ∗ (1690), produced by diffraction dissociation, shows that these states have spin 3 2 and 5 2 respectively, and odd relative parity. Both states are produced with helicity ± 1 2 in the t -channel.
Seasonal variation in blood viscosity of the black bear (Ursus americanus)

Abstract 1. 1. Measurements of blood viscosity of Ursus americanus during autumn, winter and spring were carried out. 2. 2. Blood viscosity was highest in the autumn and lowest in the spring. 3. 3. There is some evidence that this decrease in viscosity is related to the red cells.
Religious Accommodation in the Workplace: Understanding Religious Identity Threat and Workplace Behaviors in Legal Disputes

This study examined workplace religious accommodation disputes under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. We analyzed spirituality and religion in the workplace (SRW) legal disputes between 2000 and 2011, using case facts from 83 U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decisions. Utilizing a multi-step cluster analysis methodology and thematic coding, we defined behaviors associated with court cases and demographics of actors in the cases. We found 15 distinct workplace behaviors that appear in SRW legal disputes, and seven demographic or descriptive labels. Cluster analysis using Jaccard’s index and MDS revealed multiple behavioral co-occurrences, indicating that certain problematic behaviors tend to occur together in the workplace. We also found that certain behaviors occur alone, potentially being problematic in themselves. Using religious identity theory and self-referencing theory as frameworks, we fit both behaviors and demographics into an explanatory model for our outcomes, providing insight into organizational conditions that may precede religious accommodation disputes that escalate into legal action. We end the article with a discussion of future research avenues.
Sediment Inventory and Phosphorus Fractions for Water Conservation Area Canals in the Everglades

Nutrient loading from the Everglades Agricultural Area and nearby urban communities plus water flow rate and canal size have significantly influenced the amount of sediment and phosphorus (P) pools stored in the Water Conservation Area (WCA) canals in the Everglades. A study was conducted to characterize the potential impact that sediments might have on the overlying water column by conducting an inventory of total P (TP) and major P forms in sediments of all major canals in the WCAs. Sediment samples and sediment depth measurements were taken at transects every 1.6-km along all canals reaches. A total sediment volume of about 6.8 million m 3 , with a P mass of approximately 1808 Mg was estimated to be stored within all WCA canals, with the eastern canal accounting for 71% of the total sediment volume and about half of TP mass. Phosphorus fractions associated with Ca- and Mg-compounds and residual organic P (Po) were the dominant forms stored in these canals, with the greatest P mass observed in the western side of the WCAs. These results indicates that >80% of the TP mass stored in.surface sediments in the WCAs is fairly stable, and represent an important long-term sink for P. Canal sediments from the eastern side of the WCAs were low in bulk density, highly organic and more susceptible to resuspension and transport during strong drainage events. These sediments showed higher Fe- and Al-bound P and organic-bound P fractions, making them more susceptible to changes in the redox potential of the sediments that could result in the long-term release of Fe-bound P to the overlying water column.
Effects of passengers and internal components on electromagnetic propagation prediction inside Boeing aircrafts

An electromagnetic propagation prediction tool was used to predict the effect of passengers and internal components on the electromagnetic field strength inside airplane cabins. A commercial software package, Wireless Insite/spl reg/, was used to predict power levels inside aircraft cabins and the data was compared with experimental data collected. It was concluded that internal component in an airplane significantly alter propagation.
Effects of network and dynamical model structure on species persistence in large model food webs

Four models of network structure are combined with models of bioenergetic dynamics to study the role of food web topology and nonlinear dynamics on species coexistence in complex ecological networks. Network models range from the highly structured niche model to loosely constrained energetically feasible random networks. Bioenergetic models differ in how they represent primary production, functional responses, and consumption by generalists. Network structure weakly influenced the ability of species to coexist. Species persistence is strongly affected by functional responses and generalists’ consumption rates but weakly affected by models and amounts of primary production. Despite these generalities, specific mechanisms that determine persistence under one dynamical regime, such as top-down control by consumers, may play an insignificant role under different dynamical conditions. Future research is needed to strengthen the weak empirical basis for various functional forms and parameter values that strongly influence whether species can coexist in complex food webs.