cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying Mobile Technology to Sustain Physical Activity After Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Acceptability Study.

Background: Many patients do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity after completing a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Wearable activity trackers and mobile phone apps are promising potential self-management tools for maintaining physical activity after CR completion. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of a wearable device, mobile app, and push messages to facilitate physical activity following CR completion. Methods: We used semistructured interviews to assess the acceptability of various mobile technologies after participation in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Intervention patients in the randomized controlled trial wore the Fitbit Charge 2, used the Movn mobile app, and received push messages on cardiovascular disease prevention and physical activity for over 2 months. We asked 26 intervention group participants for feedback about their experience with the technology and conducted semistructured individual interviews with 7 representative participants. We used thematic analysis to create the main themes from individual interviews. Results: Our sample included participants with a mean age of 66.7 (SD 8.6) years; 23% (6/26) were female. Overall, there were varying levels of satisfaction with different technology components. There were 7 participants who completed the satisfaction questionnaires and participated in the interviews. The Fitbit and Movn mobile app received high satisfaction scores of 4.86 and 4.5, respectively, whereas push messages had a score of 3.14 out of 5. We identified four main themes through the interviews: technology use increased motivation to be physically active, technology use served as a reminder to be physically active, recommendations for technology to improve user experience, and desire for personal feedback. Conclusions: By applying a wearable activity tracker, mobile phone app, and push messages, our study showed strong potential for the adoption of new technologies by older adults to maintain physical activity after CR completion. Future research should include a larger sample over a longer period using a mixed methods approach to assess the efficacy of technology use for promoting long-term physical activity behavior in older adults.
Exercise performance in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to patients with unexplained dyspnea.

Abstract Background Dyspnea and exercise intolerance are commonly reported post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), but routine diagnostic testing is often normal. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) offers comprehensive assessment of dyspnea to characterize pulmonary PASC. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of CPET performed on patients reporting dyspnea and/or exercise intolerance following confirmed Covid-19 between August 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021, and compared them to age- and sex-matched patients with unexplained dyspnea referred for CPET at the same center in the pre-Covid-19 era. Findings Compared to matched unexplained dyspnea comparators, PASC patients shared similar medical comorbidities and subjective dyspnea at referral (mMRC score 1.6 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 0.9, P = 0.5). Fifteen (83.3%) PASC patients underwent high resolution computed tomography of the chest, of which half (46.7%) were normal, and 17 (94.4%) patients had pulmonary function testing, of which the majority (76.5%) were normal. All patients underwent CPET, and 12 (67%) had normal findings. Compared to matched comparators, PASC patients had similar peak oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption at ventilatory anaerobic threshold, and ventilatory efficiency measured by the minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope. Interpretation Despite prominent dyspnea, physiological abnormalities on CPET were mild across a range of initial Covid-19 severity and similar to matched comparators referred for dyspnea without antecedent SARS-CoV-2. Funding The project was supported by the NHLBI (R01HL131029, R01HL151841, U10HL110337, T32HL116275) and a KL2 award (5KL2TR002542–02) from Harvard Catalyst.
The HIV latency reversal agent HODHBt enhances NK Cell effector and memory-like functions by increasing IL-15 mediated-STAT activation

Elimination of latent HIV reservoirs is a critical endpoint to eradicate HIV. One therapeutic intervention against latent HIV is shock and kill. This strategy is based on the transcriptional activation of latent HIV with a Latency-Reversing Agent (LRA) with the consequent killing of the reactivated cell by either the cytopathic effect of HIV or the immune system. We have previously found that the small molecule 3-Hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (HODHBt) act as an LRA by increasing Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) activation mediated by IL-15 in cells isolated from aviremic participants. The IL-15 superagonist (N-803) is currently under clinical investigation to eliminate latent reservoirs. IL-15 and N-803 share similar mechanism of action by promoting the activation STATs and have shown some promise in pre-clinical models directed towards HIV eradication. In this work, we evaluated the ability of HODHBt to enhance IL-15 signaling in NK cells and the biological consequences associated with increased STAT activation in NK effector and memory-like functions. We showed that HODHBt increased IL-15-mediated STAT phosphorylation in NK cells, resulting in increased secretion of CXCL10 and IFN-{gamma} and expression of cytotoxic proteins including Granzyme B, Granzyme A, Perforin, Granulysin, FASL and TRAIL. This increased cytotoxic profile results in an increase cytotoxicity against different tumor cell lines and HIV-infected cells. HODHBt also improved the generation of cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that enhancing the magnitude of IL-15 signaling with HODHBt favors NK cell cytotoxicity and memory-like generation, and targeting this pathway could be further explored for HIV cure interventions. Author SummarySeveral clinical trials targeting the HIV latent reservoir with LRAs have been completed. In spite of a lack of clinical benefit of these trials, they have been crucial to elucidate hurdles that shock and kill strategies have to overcome to promote an effective reduction of the latent reservoir leading. These hurdles include low reactivation potential mediated by LRAs; the negative influence of some LRAs on the activity of Natural Killer and CD8T effector cells; an increased resistance to apoptosis of latently infected cells; and an exhausted immune system due to chronic inflammation. To that end, finding therapeutic strategies that can overcome some of these challenges could improve the outcome of shock and kill strategies aimed towards HIV eradication. In here, we showed that the LRA HODHBt also improves IL-15 mediated NK effector and memory-like functions. As such, pharmacological enhancement of IL-15 mediated STAT activation can open new therapeutic venues towards an HIV cure.
How rebel groups form in genocide: The Warsaw Ghetto fighters:

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising is emblematic of armed Jewish resistance to the Holocaust; it should also be emblematic of rebel organization formation and capacity building in the most extreme power as...
A Minimalist Charter of Rights for Australia: The UK or Canada as a Model?

The suitability of a minimalist charter of rights for Australia modeled on either the U.K. Human Rights Act 1998 c 42 (UK HRA) or the Canadian Bill of Rights, SC 1960 (CBOR) is examined. Specifically, the paper challenges the view that the U.K.-style charter is more appropriate in the Australian context.
A pressure based adaptive controller for closed circuit anesthesia

To make the closed-circuit system more general, a pressure-based adaptive controller for closed-circuit anesthesia (CCA) has been developed. The pressure-volume characteristics of the bladder or the bellows is used as the basis for the pressure based control of a CCA system. The controller was tested during six animal experiments on dogs and was stable in both the spontaneous and mechanical models of ventilation. The system developed is more acceptable to the practicing anesthetist accustomed to the direct feel of the anesthetic bladder acting upon the patient, both in case of assisted and manual control of ventilation. The development of this anesthesia delivery system eliminates the problem of solving complex multi-compartment mathematical equations in order to predict the flow of oxygen, anesthetic agent, and nitrous oxide necessary for maintaining the desired level of alveolar oxygen concentration, end-tidal anesthetic concentration, and the pressure inside the bladder or the bellows. >
A three dimensional application of the smeared crack approach

Abstract A smeared crack approach to fracture of concrete is implemented in the finite element program ADINA. Non-linear concrete elements with tensile cracking are modified to include tensile strain softening. Upon cracking of an element at an integration point, the stiffness perpendicular to the crack is reduced to zero and the tensile stress across it is set as a function of the crack opening. Equilibrium iterations are implemented to redistribute stress. Two and three dimensional models of a single edge notched beam in three point bending are analysed and compared to experimental results. In the three dimensional model the crack front appears slightly curved, not as deep near the free edges as in the center.
Direct and trapping-mediated dissociative chemisorption of methane on Ir(111)

Abstract The initial probabilities of dissociative chemisorption 13 CH 4 and CD 4 have been measured on the close-packed Ir(111) surface at both low and high total pressures. At pressures below ∼ 10 −3 Torr, trapping-mediated dissociative chemisorption is the dominant reaction mechanism since the gas temperature is equal to the wall temperature of 300 K, with activation energies for C H (C D) bond cleavage of 12.6 kcal/mol for 13 CH 4 and 13.7 kcal/mol for CD 4 with respect to the gas phase energy zero of the methane infinitely far from the surface and at rest. For both methane isotopomers the ratio of the pre-exponential factor for desorption relative to that of reaction is ∼ 180 due to the larger phase space available to the molecule for desorption relative to reaction. The measured differences in C H versus C D bond activation for methane are attributed to zero-point energy differences between each isotopomer and point to classical over-the-barrier reaction dynamics as the reaction pathway for trapping-mediated chemisorption. The incident kinetic energy of the impinging methane was increased by diluting the methane in argon at a total pressure of 1 Torr which raised the gas temperature of the methane to the surface temperature. In this case, methane chemisorbs dissociatively via both trapping-mediated and direct C H bond activation. Direct activation of 13 CH 4 is characterized by an activation energy of 17.4 kcal/mol and a pre-exponential factor of ∼ 0.61, while direct activation of CD 4 occurs with an activation energy of 18.1 kcal/mol and the same pre-exponential factor. These activation energies are averages of a distribution of activation barriers which occur because of the nature of the multidimensional potential energy surface describing the interaction of the methane with the surface.
Pil1 cytoplasmic rods contain bundles of crosslinked tubules

Cytoskeletal polymers are organized into a wide variety of higher-order structures in cells. The yeast BAR domain protein Pil1 self-assembles into tubules in vitro, and forms linear polymers at cortical eisosomes in cells. In the fission yeast S. pombe, over-expressed Pil1 forms thick rods that detach from the plasma membrane. In this study, we used thin-section electron microscopy to determine the ultrastructure of these cytoplasmic Pil1 rods. We found that cytoplasmic rods contained crosslinked Pil1 tubules that displayed regular, hexagonal spacing. These bundles were stained by filipin, a sterol-binding fluorescent dye, suggesting that they contained lipids. Cytoplasmic Pil1 rods were present but less abundant in sle1Δ and fhn1Δ mutant cells. We also found that endogenous Pil1 formed thick rods under saturated growth conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest the presence of cellular mechanisms that assemble Pil1 tubules into higher-order structures.
Self-generated Domains of Quality of Life in Children with and Without Cerebral Palsy

This study was conducted to demonstrate feasibility of utilizing a modified SEIQoL-DW with children by examining self-generated domains of quality of life in children with and without cerebral palsy. Study samples were children, ages 6-12, (mean 8.9, SD 1.8) including 41 children with cerebral palsy (CP) and 60 children who were age and gender matched peers without disability. Quality of life was assessed with a modified Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weight (SEIQoL-DW). Group differences in overall ratings of quality of life were not significant; however, there were significant group differences in the frequency and hierarchy of self-generated domains. Within the group with CP, functional ability was not associated with quality of life.
The Economic Environment of Resident Physicians

We examined the financial, working, and educational environment of resident physicians, using mail surveys of residents conducted in 1979 and 1983. Variables examined include annual residency salary, fringe benefits, educational debt, moonlighting income, hours and types of work, and perceived problems with the residency programs. Three conclusions are drawn from the surveys. First, the rapid increases in resident salaries prevalent in the late 1960s and early 1970s have been replaced by more modest advances. Second, resident physicians are not indicating great concern about their current financial status. Third, resident physicians work long hours, but teaching hospitals have not increased their use of residents. These findings illustrate the dual nature of residency training: residents are both students and employees. (JAMA1985;253:1758-1762)
Electricity Markets, Reliability and the Environment: Smartening-Up the Grid

The opportunities and challenges of implementing a smart electric supply system are discussed, including how to integrate the local public goods of electric system reliability, and increasingly of environmental compliance, in an efficient way. The full potential of the smart grid cannot be attained, however, without the wide-spread availability of real-time pricing for electricity so that all parties, particularly customers, have an incentive to play "smart". The incentives for behavioral, technological and environmental innovations resulting from a smart grid are discussed, if implemented in a market context, as are institutional and political inhibitions for doing so under a regulatory regime.
Rationality and madness: The post‐modern embrace of Dionysus and the neo‐vedānta response of Radhakrishnan

Abstract Following the lead of Nietzsche, several post‐modern philosophers challenge the Western notion of rationality and its representational model of thought and embrace the Dionysian element in Nietzsche's philosophy, which can take the form of embracing madness (Foucault), desire (Deleuze and Guattari), or carnival (Kristeva). This paper will place Radhakrishnan into the context of a hermeneutical dialogue with these figures from post‐modern philosophy, and it will attempt to address the issue of the post‐modem attack on rationality by these post‐modern philosophers by comparing their concept of rationality with that espoused by Radhakrishnan. It will also be demonstrated that for Radhakrishnan reason supplies conceptual clarity, is subordinate to intuition, and justifies the validity of intuition which transcends reason. It will be argued that Radhakrishnan agrees with the post‐modernist that reason is not universal, but he does not share their radical scepticism as his philosophy seeks wholeness, u...
Facilitating fair use in the digital age

Abstract The paper refers to the response of the digital content industries to the threat of large scale digital copyright piracy and their successful lobby of legislatures on a global scale for laws that prevent it. It points to the basic problem of the resulting laws in not striking an appropriate balance between the interests of digital copyright holders and others who may have legitimate claims to access and use a protected work. It argues that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (and other similar laws) takes an all or nothing approach to circumvention technologies. This article advocates a new approach, namely developing a simple and inexpensive procedure to resolve disputes before an administrative agency about lack of access to a protected work for legitimate purposes. It contends that such an approach will prove more effective than current legislation and legislative proposals.
Composition series for analytic continuations of holomorphic discrete series representations of SUp,q

Abstract A family of holomorphic discrete series representations of SU p , q is studied, and analytic continuation in terms of the reproducing kernel parameter ν is discussed. The composition series of the module of all polynomials on the hermitian symmetric domain D z of SU p , q is determined for those values of ν for which the representations are reducible.
Predictors of Maternal‐Fetal Attachment: An Integrative Review

(1) Extensive studies have been conducted that explore the mother-infant relationship from the perspective of maternal attachment but limited research has been conducted on maternal-fetal attachment. In this integrative review the current state of knowledge on prenatal attachment is examined. Next predictors of maternal-fetal attachment that have been found and supported by scientific research are explored. Finally, practice and research implications based on analysis of the current status of maternal-fetal attachment are identified.
Sporadic fatal insomnia in a young woman: A diagnostic challenge: Case Report

Background Sporadic fatal insomnia (sFI) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) are rare human prion diseases.
Pulmonary abnormalities associated with occupational exposures at the Savannah River site

Background A program of medical evaluation for former Savannah River Site (SRS) workers at health effects due to exposures to hazardous or radioactive agents was conducted. Methods This study includes data from 1,368 participants aged 45 years or older who were assessed regarding work-history and exposures to industrial agents. According to the standard industrial classification (SIC), participants were employed in five of the SIC divisions. Based on the International Labour Office Classification of Radiographs, two categories of pleural and parenchymal abnormalities were evaluated by a single radiologist. The SRS results were compared with the second national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES II) results. Results The odds ratio of the SRS male aged 45–75 compared to NHANES was 2.4 for pleura abnormalities and 0.8 for parenchymal abnormalities. Using logistic regression, the highest-risk worker division was construction (OR = 2.76); asbestos exposure was clearly associated with pleural abnormality (OR = 2.15). Conclusions Pulmonary abnormalities were higher in former SRS workers than that in general population. Asbestos and possibly other exposures were related to pulmonary disease in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:365–372, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water.

An occurrence study was conducted to measure five iodo-acids (iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid, and (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid) and two iodo-trihalomethanes (iodo-THMs), (dichloroiodomethane and bromochloroiodomethane) in chloraminated and chlorinated drinking waters from 23 cities in the United States and Canada. Since iodoacetic acid was previouslyfound to be genotoxic in mammalian cells, the iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were analyzed for toxicity. A gas chromatography (GC)/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed to measure the iodo-acids; iodo-THMs were measured using GC/high resolution electron ionization-MS with isotope dilution. The iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were found in waters from most plants, at maximum levels of 1.7 microg/L (iodoacetic acid), 1.4 microg/L (bromoiodoacetic acid), 0.50 microg/L ((Z)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.28 microg/L ((E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid), 0.58 microg/L ((E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid), 10.2 microg/L (bromochloroiodomethane), and 7.9 microg/L (dichloroiodomethane). Iodo-acids and iodo-THMs were highest at plants with short free chlorine contact times ( 45 min). Iodide levels in source waters ranged from 0.4 to 104.2 microg/L (when detected), but there was not a consistent correlation between bromide and iodide. The rank order for mammalian cell chronic cytotoxicity of the compounds measured in this study, plus other iodinated compounds, was iodoacetic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid > iodoform > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (Z)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > diiodoacetic acid > bromoiodoacetic acid > (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > bromodiiodomethane > dibromoiodomethane > bromochloroiodomethane approximately chlorodiiodomethane > dichloroiodomethane. With the exception of iodoform, the iodo-THMs were much less cytotoxic than the iodo-acids. Of the 13 compounds analyzed, 7 were genotoxic; their rank order was iodoacetic acid >> diiodoacetic acid > chlorodiiodomethane > bromoiodoacetic acid > E-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid > (E)-3-bromo-3-iodo-propenoic acid > (E)-3-bromo-2-iodopropenoic acid. In general, compounds that contain an iodo-group have enhanced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as compared to their brominated and chlorinated analogues.
On the Role of the Subsidiary Condition in Quantum Electrodynamics

The $S$-matrix in quantum electrodynamics may be calculated alternatively from the Hamiltonian density $\ensuremath{-}{j}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x){A}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(x)$ and a Hamiltonian in which the Coulomb interaction of the charges and the interaction of the currents with the transverse field are separated. Both procedures are equivalent. Care must be taken, however, to define correctly the initial states, in particular the vacuum state. The definition of the vacuum state in both representations is discussed and the equivalence of the corresponding $S$-matrices is proven.
An analytical and experimental study of stretch flanging

Abstract A stretch flanging operation on a flat circular sheet with a hole in the center has been analyzed by means of a total strain membrane theory of rigid-plasticity which incorporates strain hardening and anisotropy in the direction normal to the sheet. Numerical procedures are used to calculate the stress and strain distributions in the sheet. Numerical results so obtained indicate that the state of stress in the flange is dominantly uniaxial. By making use of this observation, an approximate theory for the stretch flanging has been developed, and a closed-form expression for the maximum strain in the flange has been obtained in terms of the geometrical variables of the flange. Experimental data, using aluminum-killed steel sheets, have been obtained and compared with the corresponding theoretical results. It was found that, for strains less than 100 per cent (which is the region of practical interest), the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
RECOVERY AND REUSE OF WASTE PVC COATED FABRICS. PART 2: ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS SEPARATED FROM PVC COATED PET FABRICS

The second part of this work is devoted to the analysis of the swelling process, i.e., phase separation of swelling bath, solubility properties of coated fabrics in swelling bath, and swelling exte...
Formation of joints in cooling plutons

Abstract The geometry, age, and mineralogy of steeply dipping joints in the Lake Edison Granodiorite of California indicate that thermal stresses played a key role in the formation of the joints. Joint traces curve to approach the pluton boundary at high angles at both large and small scales, and they generally terminate at or near the contact with an older pluton. Radiometric dates and the epidote and chlorite fillings of the joints tie jointing to the initial cooling of the pluton. A thermo-mechanical stress analysis assuming two-dimensional conductive cooling predicts thermal stresses of several tens of MPa, the same order of magnitude as plausible fluid pressures, regional stresses, and lateral normal stresses associated with the overburden. The orientation of the joints can be accounted for rather well by the stress field formed by superposing a uniform regional stress field on the predicted thermal stresses. The large-scale pattern of the early joints in many plutons should be predictable based on a pluton's geometry, its age relative to the adjacent rock, and knowledge of the regional stress at the time of initial cooling. These findings bear on issues pertinent to mining, petroleum recovery, nuclear waste repository siting, and ground water flow.
Characterization of gel-filled porous membranes using moment-based interpretation of transport measurements

Abstract In this paper, moment theory is applied to previously reported results from a collection of transport measurements performed with gel-filled porous membranes containing polyacrylamide gel with different polymer concentrations [V. Kapur, J.C. Charkoudian, S.B. Kessler, J.L. Anderson, Hydrodynamic permeability of hydrogels stabilized within porous membranes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35 (1996) 3179; V. Kapur, J.C. Charkoudian, J.L. Anderson, Transport of proteins through gel-filled porous membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 131 (1997) 143]. Results from measurements of the hydraulic permeability, glucose diffusion, and the diffusive and convective transport of two proteins, ribonuclease A (RNAse) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were analyzed. This analysis yields information about the pore size distribution in the gel material without requiring any a priori assumptions about the nature of that distribution. The average pore area in each membrane was determined by combining results from the hydraulic permeability and glucose diffusion measurements. Characteristics of the cumulative pore size distribution were captured by including results from one of the protein transport measurements. Results show that the cumulative pore size distribution, when normalized using the average pore area, is generally independent of the polymer concentration in these gels. It is also demonstrated that moment analysis enables one to make reasonable predictions of the transport characteristics of these membranes, predictions that incorporate characteristics of the pore size distribution.
Dose-dependent effects in vitro of essential oils on the growth of two endophytic fungi in coastal redwood leaves

Abstract Experiments assessed the dose-dependent effects of redwood leaf essential oils on the growth of a non-pathogenic, host specific and suspected redwood mutualist endophy ( Pleuroplaconema sp.) and a pathogenic, conifer-specialized endophyte ( Pestalotiopsis funerea ). The hypothesis that essential oils are a major factor controlling the activity of non-pathogenic, host-specific endophytes within healthy leaves of coastal redwood ( Seaoia sempervirens ) was tested in vitro . Aditionally, the combined effects of essential oil dose and culture medium roughly simulating leaves before and during senescence was explored. Four isolates of each species were assayed. Pleuroplaconema sp. was stimulated by low esential oil doses and increasingly inhibited up to a 89% growth reduction with the highest dose. A disproportionate inhibition occurred at a dose of 0.833 mg ml −1 air. Culture medium had little or no effect on the response of the isolates of this species. Pestalotiopsis funerea growth was slightly but uniformly inhibited by low doses. A diaproportionate inhibition occurred with a dose of 0.417 mg ml −1 air, but the highest dose only induced a 73% inhibition. Although some P. funerea isolates wee affected slightly by medium type, the pattern of effects suggests that the influence of medium dilution on fungus reaction to essential oil is not significant. Results support the hypothesis that essential oils are a major factor controlling the activity of Pleuroplaconema sp. in redwood leaves. For Pestalotiopsis funerea , essential oils are suggested to be important in influencing its activity, although their activity might be accompanied by other factors to achieve growth suppression of this fungus within a healthy redwood leaf.
Testing a theory of chronic pain

Testing a theory of chronic pain Background. Chronic pain is highly prevalent among older people with arthritis, with depression as its major outcome. The psychopathological process of chronic pain and its outcomes in older people with arthritis have not been the subject of extensive research. The purpose of this study was to test a middle-range theory of chronic pain derived from the Roy Adaptation Model, a nursing theory whose validity has not been tested in the context of chronic pain. Methods. The study used a convenience sample of 71 older people with arthritis. Two subscales of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales were used to measure pain and physical disability. Social support was measured by Part II of the Personal Resource Questionnaire, and the Elderly Daily Stress scale was used to measure daily stress. Participants also completed the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale. Univariate analysis, correlation, and path analysis were used to analyse the data. Results. Overall, the data supported the hypothesized model in which pain, disability, social support, age, and gender are predictors of daily stress and daily stress further predicts depression. The direct effects of chronic pain, disability, and social support accounted for 37% of the variance of daily stress, which in turn predicted 35% of the variance of depression. Age and gender had no influence on daily stress. The chi-square index suggested a fit between the data and the model, and therefore the current model is temporarily accepted. Other fit indices also showed a good fit of the model to the data. To simplify the model, a revised version was developed. Conclusions. This study validated a middle-range theory to explain the effects of chronic pain in older people with arthritis and highlights the importance of chronic pain in the development of depression.
Localization and characterization of the 86- and 84-kDa heat shock proteins in Hepa 1c1c7 cells

The 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) is present in cells at high levels in the cytoplasm and is composed of two separate gene products, hsp86 and hsp84. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the murine N-terminal sequences of the 86- and 84-kDa heat shock proteins were isolated from serum by peptide affinity chromatography. Antibodies against each form of hsp90 are capable of immunoprecipitating hsp90. Each antibody preparation is specific against either hsp86 or hsp84 when tested on a protein blot of Hepa 1c1c7 cytosol. The over-all ratio of hsp84/hsp86 in Hepa 1 cytosol was estimated to be 2 to 1. Each antibody preparation was used to immunoprecipitate hsp84 or hsp86 from Hepa 1 cytosol to test whether hsp86/84 exists as a homo- and/or heterodimer. After electrophoresis, silver staining revealed that anti-hsp86 antibodies immunoprecipitated both hsp86 and hsp84. This result would suggest that hsp86 forms heterodimers with hsp84. In contrast, the anti-hsp84 antibodies immunoprecipitated almost entirely hsp84, suggesting that hsp84 exists largely as homodimers. Both anti-hsp86 and hsp84 antibodies were able to immunoprecipitate the 2-azido-3-[125I]iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-p-dixoin-labeled Ah receptor from Hepa 1 cytosol, indicating that these antibodies are able to bind to hsp90 when it is complexed with other proteins. Both antibody preparations recognize hsp90 in mouse, rat, and human cell lines. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were performed using both antibody preparations, and the results indicated that both hsp86 and hsp84 were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Hepa 1 cells. Hsp86 was found to localize unevenly in the cytoplasm, while hsp84 was found evenly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Hsp86 also appeared to be localized to a greater degree than hsp84 in the vicinity of the nuclear envelope.
Locating IC defects in process monitors and test structures using optical beam induced current

Abstract Optical Beam Induced Current (OBIC) has been successfully used to locate electrically active defects in IC's. The defects include silicon defects, process defects and electrical overloads. This technique consists of a scanning optical microscope (SOM) with a suitable means of making electrical contact to the device under test (DUT). The induced current is mapped as a function of optical beam position. A reflected light image is simultaneously generated to provide relative location. Application to advanced CMOS VLSI devices will be discussed. The OBIC tool has been used to isolate and observe electrical opens in conductors and anomalous vertical leakage paths in silicon devices. Comparison to other techniques will also be included.
The Superferric Cyclotron Gas Stopper Magnet Design and Fabrication

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams under construction and the existing National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University will provide exotic low-energy rare isotope beams (KeV-MeV) by stopping relativistic fragments produced by projectile fragmentation at high energies (<; 50 MeV/u). The stopped radioactive ions using the cyclotron gas stopper magnet system will feed the existing program centered on precision mass measurements of exotic nuclei and laser spectroscopy. Later on, stopped radioactive ions will be available as reaccelerated low-energy beams ( <; 15 MeV/u) using compact linear accelerator currently under construction. The cyclotron gas stopper magnet is a warm iron superconducting cyclotron sector dipole. The maximum field in the gap (0.18 m) is 2.75 T. The outer diameter of the magnet yoke is 4.0 m, with a pole radius of 1.1 m and Br = 1.8 T m. The desired field shape is obtained by a pole profile. Each coil of the two halves is in a separate cryostat and connected in series through a warm electrical connection. The entire system is mounted on a high voltage platform, and will be cooled by six cryocoolers. This paper presents the magnet design and discusses various design aspects of the magnet.
Is it acceptable to discharge a heroin user with an intravenous line to complete his antibiotic therapy for cellulitis at home under a nurse's supervision? No: a home central line is too hazardous.

Sending injection-drug users home with a central access line is unsafe and potentially problematic. The temptation to use the line for narcotics can be overwhelming, particularly when the user lacks any other access. Because a lack of access is the main reason for placing a central line, the temptation posed by a new access route must be recognized. Four major concerns about sending such a patient home focus primarily on complications, which are predictable in these patients but difficult to prevent. First, the narcotics used by an injection-drug user may be contaminated, and the needles used are often unclean. This means that a high risk exists for the development of acute bacterial endocarditis. Sending the patient home to reacquire the disease he or she is being treated for in the first place cannot be considered a successful treatment plan. Second, when an injection-drug user attempts to access the “home central line,” he or she may not understand all of the pulmonary physiology involved in this fairly complex piece of equipment. Uncapping the port puts the drug user at high risk for the development of an air embolus.1 This life-threatening complication is difficult to prevent at home and relatively easy to deal with in a hospital by applying occlusive dressings to hold the port. Third, a central access line should be manipulated as little as possible to increase the site's duration. A narcotic addict using the site will undoubtedly use it more often than it would be used for medical reasons, and this will increase the chances of all complications. Frequent use can lead to colonization of the skin and the tract itself, which can result in line sepsis, another potentially serious complication. Finally, narcotic drugs from the street may contain heavy metals and are often cut with mannitol, contaminated with talc, or strained through cotton.2 All of these materials are thrombogenic. Indwelling catheters are an increasingly important cause of superior vena cava syndrome, and these clots may persist for years.3,4 Notice that none of these concerns are about the drug user getting “high.” If prescribing narcotics would prevent the use of the central line, I would readily do so. If bacterial endocarditis or some other life-threatening complication develops, and the person is simultaneously “high” from opiates, the potential for disaster is enormous. It is unsafe for this patient to be discharged if the physician knows or suspects that the patient will misuse the site.
Large deflections of diamond-shaped frames

Abstract The nonlinear solutions for the large deflections of diamond-shaped frames are derived. The frames are loaded by forces applied at a pair of opposite joints, which are either pin-jointed or rigid. The experimental results obtained on square steel frames are compared with the nonlinear (exact) solutions, and also with small deflection nonlinear and linear analyses. Stability of such frames under compressive loading is discussed and interpreted by both small and large deflection theories. The exact solutions are based on the assumption that the material is perfectly elastic and that the shear deformations are negligible. The deficiencies of the small deflection theories are made clear in this investigation.
Exploring the Intergenerational Transmission of Illness Behavior: From Observations to Experimental Intervention

Background Functional abdominal pain (FAP) of childhood is characterized by, among other things, pain with no known physiological cause, and family patterns of related disorders have been reported.
Energy and water additions give rise to simple responses in plant canopy and soil microclimates of a high arctic ecosystem

[1] Energy and water inputs were increased during the snow-free season to test the sensitivity of a cold, dry ecosystem to climate change. Infrared radiators were used to provide two levels of supplemental radiation (T1 and T2) to prostrate dwarf-shrub, herb tundra in northwest Greenland. The higher radiation addition was combined with supplemental water in a factorial design. Radiation additions increased midday canopy temperatures by up to 4.0°C and 6.0°C and growing season mean shallow soil temperatures by 1.3°C and 2.4°C in T1 and T2 plots, respectively. Soil warming was measured at and probably exceeded 10 cm in depth. There was no evidence of soil drying in plots that received additional radiation, in contrast with other studies, nor was there evidence that supplemental water interacted with radiation additions to affect soil temperatures. Water additions were generally undetectable against a background of large seasonal changes in soil water content. We suggest that well-drained soils and strong seasonal controls on soil water contents (e.g., soil thaw and evapotranspiration) limit the system's sensitivity to changes in precipitation during the brief growing season. In general, multifactor changes in climate gave rise to simple changes in the vegetation microclimate of this cold, dry ecosystem.
Nicking is asynchronous and stimulated by synapsis in 12/23 rule-regulated V(D)J cleavage

The first step in DNA cleavage at V(D)J recombination signals by RAG1 and RAG2 is creation of a nick at the heptamer/coding flank border. Under proper conditions in vitro the second step, hairpin formation, requires two signals with spacers of 12 and 23 bp, a restriction referred to as the 12/23 rule. Under these conditions hairpin formation occurs at the two signals at or near the same time. In contrast, we find that under the same conditions nicking occurs at isolated signals and hence is not subject to the 12/23 rule. With two signals the nicking events are not concerted and the signal with a 12 bp spacer is usually nicked first. However, the extent and rate of nicking at a given signal are diminished by mutations of the other signal. The appearance of DNA nicked at both signals is stimulated by more than an order of magnitude by the ability of the signals to synapse, indicating that synapsis accelerates nicking and often precedes it. These observations allow formulation of a more complete model of catalysis of DNA cleavage and how the 12/23 rule is enforced.
Brain mitochondrial incorporation of elongated fatty acids into phospholipids

The characteristics patterns and asymmetric distribution of phospholipid fatty acids suggest precise control mechanisms. Our investigations were designed to assess mitochondrial fatty acid elongation and their pattern of incorporation into complex lipids. Fatty acid chain elongation in the total lipid fraction occurred primarily with the more abundant fatty acids present. Elongation patterns in free fatty acids were similar to the total lipid fraction except C20:4 and C22:4 were formed to slightly greater extent. Choline glycerophosphatide and ethanolamine glycerophosphatide displayed different patterns of elongation. Choline glycerophosphatide contained more elongated longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, while ethanolamine glycerophosphatide contained greater amounts of elongated shorter chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that fatty acid elongation may play a specific role in fulfilling mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acid requirements.
Optimum combination of full system and subsystem tests for estimating the reliability of a system

This paper develops a method for finding an optimum test plan, which consists of a mixture of full system and subsystem tests, to estimate the reliability of a system. An optimum test plan is developed by trading off the number of full system and subsystem tests to minimize the meansquared error (MSE) of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of system reliability and testing costs. The MSE is decomposed into the variance of the MLE and a bias from incorrectly specifying the function that relates the subsystem reliabilities to the full system reliability (series, parallel, other). The variance of the MLE comes from Fisher theory. The bias is due to the modeling error. Optimum test plans involve trade offs between the MSE (estimation accuracy), the degree of modeling error, and the cost of doing system and subsystem tests. A Pareto frontier can be identified, as illustrated in the paper.
Variation with pressure of the nickel-carbon eutectic

Abstract The variation with pressure of the solubility of carbon in molten nickel and of their eutectic temperatures have been observed to about 60 kbars. The eutectic composition increases in carbon concentration from 2.0–2.2 wt.% at 1 atm to about 3.3% at 60 kbars. The eutectic temperature at 60 kbars of the nickel-garphite system as recorded by a platinum-platinum 10% rhodium thermocouple and corrected for its pressure e.m.f. error was ~1395°C. The slope of the eutectic fusion curve, dTe dP , was about half that of the pure metals. Evidence for nickel-carbide formation under pressure was found. The microstructures of several specimens from nickel-graphite and nickel diamond experiments are shown.
Evaluation of Heart Rate Assessment Timing, Communication, Accuracy, and Clinical Decision-Making during High Fidelity Simulation of Neonatal Resuscitation

Objective. Accurate heart rate (HR) determination during neonatal resuscitation (NR) informs subsequent NR actions. This study’s objective was to evaluate HR determination timeliness, communication, and accuracy during high fidelity NR simulations that house officers completed during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) rotations. Methods. In 2010, house officers in NICU rotations completed high fidelity NR simulation. We reviewed 80 house officers’ videotaped performance on their initial high fidelity simulation session, prior to training and performance debriefing. We calculated the proportion of cases congruent with NR guidelines, using chi square analysis to evaluate performance across HR ranges relevant to NR decision-making: <path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5 t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z"> <path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z"> ). Conclusions. Timeliness, communication, and accuracy of house officers’ HR determination are suboptimal, particularly for HR 60–100 bpm, which might lead to inappropriate decision-making and NR care. Training implications include emphasizing more accurate HR determination methods, better communication, and improved HR interpretation during NR.
Is It All About Money? Work Characteristics and Women’s and Men’s Marriage Formation in Early Adulthood

Using data from the NLSY 97, this paper investigates how work characteristics (earnings and autonomy) shape young adults' transition to first marriage separately for men and women. The results suggest that earnings are positively associated with marriage and that this association is as strong for women as men in their mid-to-late twenties. Additionally, occupational autonomy-having the control over one's own work structure-facilitates entry into first marriage for women in their mid-to late-20s but, for men, occupational autonomy is not associated with marriage at these ages. These results suggest that even as women's earnings are increasingly important for marriage, other aspects of work are also important for stable family formation.
Properties of cellulose pulps from acidic and basic processes

Research has intensified in recent years on organic solvent pulping processes to supplement or replace conventional pulping processes. One of the main problems with organosolv pulps is the inferior tear strength compared to kraft pulps. An investigation of the properties of two acidic (acetic acid organosolv and acid sulfite) and one basic white spruce pulp (kraft) was carried out to determine factors affecting differences in tear strength. Properties evaluated were lignin and sugar content, mineral composition, ESCA oxygen-to-carbon ratios, acid-base characteristics, water wettabilities, degree of polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose, fiber length and coarseness, and physical properties of the various pulps. Differences in tear strength have been attributed to degradation and changes in the cellulose structure, the hemicellulose-lignin matrix in which the degree of polymerization of hemicelluloses plays the most important role in low yield pulps, and finally, the bonding capacity of the fiber surfaces.
Ab initio and semi-empirical calculations on the oxyhalides of silicon

Abstract In 1982 the heats of formation of the silicon oxyhalides were determined by experiment to be -267.9 Kcal/mole (SiOF2), -167.8 (SiOCl2), -137.4 (SiOBr2), and -99.4 (SiOI2). MNDO-PM3 semiempirical calculations indicate that the heats of formation are nearer to -229.4, -121.2, -94.1, and -50.2 Kcal/mole. respectively. Ab-initio calculations using a 6-31G(d) basis set confirm the semiempirical results for the fluoride and chloride systems.