cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifetime of a quasiparticle in a two-dimensional electron gas

We have investigated the inelastic Coulomb lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ee}}$ of a quasiparticle near to the Fermi surface of a two-dimensional electron gas. Within a perturbative approach based upon the random-phase approximation, we find that at low temperature $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ee}}}$ behaves like ${T}^{2}\mathrm{ln}T$. Furthermore at small quasiparticle excitation energy, the leading contribution to $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{ee}}}$ is inversely proportional to the electronic density and does not depend upon the electric charge. Although the plasmon frequency goes to zero at long wavelength, plasmon emission contributes to the quasiparticle decay only when the quasiparticle excitation energy exceeds a certain threshold. The threshold becomes a small fraction of the Fermi energy in the high-density limit.
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology

The increasing availability of phylogenetic data, computing power and informatics tools has facilitated a rapid expansion of studies that apply phylogenetic data and methods to community ecology. Several key areas are reviewed in which phylogenetic information helps to resolve long-standing controversies in community ecology, challenges previous assumptions, and opens new areas of investigation. In particular, studies in phylogenetic community ecology have helped to reveal the multitude of processes driving community assembly and have demonstrated the importance of evolution in the assembly process. Phylogenetic approaches have also increased understanding of the consequences of community interactions for speciation, adaptation and extinction. Finally, phylogenetic community structure and composition holds promise for predicting ecosystem processes and impacts of global change. Major challenges to advancing these areas remain. In particular, determining the extent to which ecologically relevant traits are phylogenetically conserved or convergent, and over what temporal scale, is critical to understanding the causes of community phylogenetic structure and its evolutionary and ecosystem consequences. Harnessing phylogenetic information to understand and forecast changes in diversity and dynamics of communities is a critical step in managing and restoring the Earths biota in a time of rapid global change.
The physiological basis of reaction norms: the interaction among growth rate, the duration of growth and body size.

Abstract The general effects of temperature and nutritional quality on growth rate and body size are well known. We know little, however, about the physiological mechanisms by which an organism translates variation in diet and temperature into reaction norms of body size or development time. We outline an endocrine-based physiological mechanism that helps explain how this translation occurs in the holometabolous insect Manduca sexta (Sphingidae). Body size and development time are controlled by three factors: (i) growth rate, (ii) the timing of the cessation of juvenile hormone secretion (measured by the critical weight) and (iii) the timing of ecdysteroid secretion leading to pupation (the interval to cessation of growth [ICG] after reaching the critical weight). Thermal reaction norms of body size and development time are a function of how these three factors interact with temperature. Body size is smaller at higher temperatures, because the higher growth rate decreases the ICG, thereby reducing the amo...
The Phaedrus-T antenna system

Abstract A two strap fast wave antenna has been developed which is capable of operating at arbitrary phasing for any level of plasma loading resistance. Recent advances in the understanding of the rf-edge plasma interaction have been incorporated in the design as well. The result is an antenna which operates without Faraday shielding while greatly reducing rf-induced scrape-off layer perturbations and impurity influx.
Employed students: ethical and legal issues in the technical communication classroom

When students are also corporate employees, unique ethical and legal problems can arise in a technical communication classroom. To help instructors and employed students understand their situation, I review in this article several major approaches to normative ethics and define various legal terms. Next, I analyze two classroom incidents from the ethical and legal points of view. Finally, I provide guidelines that may help instructors address or forestall the potential consequences of classroom activities involving employed students.
Genetic Structure and Diversity Among Maize Inbred Lines as Inferred From DNA Microsatellites

Two hundred and sixty maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among essentially all public lines of importance to temperate breeding and many important tropical and subtropical lines, were assayed for polymorphism at 94 microsatellite loci. The 2039 alleles identified served as raw data for estimating genetic structure and diversity. A model-based clustering analysis placed the inbred lines in five clusters that correspond to major breeding groups plus a set of lines showing evidence of mixed origins. A "phylogenetic" tree was constructed to further assess the genetic structure of maize inbreds, showing good agreement with the pedigree information and the cluster analysis. Tropical and subtropical inbreds possess a greater number of alleles and greater gene diversity than their temperate counterparts. The temperate Stiff Stalk lines are on average the most divergent from all other inbred groups. Comparison of diversity in equivalent samples of inbreds and open-pollinated landraces revealed that maize inbreds capture <80% of the alleles in the landraces, suggesting that landraces can provide additional genetic diversity for maize breeding. The contributions of four different segments of the landrace gene pool to each inbred group's gene pool were estimated using a novel likelihood-based model. The estimates are largely consistent with known histories of the inbreds and indicate that tropical highland germplasm is poorly represented in maize inbreds. Core sets of inbreds that capture maximal allelic richness were defined. These or similar core sets can be used for a variety of genetic applications in maize.
Phase behavior studies of polyarylate/copolyester blends by thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis

The phase behavior of polyarylate blends with a copolyester based on poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene/ethylene terephthalate) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. A single glass-transition temperature was observed over the entire composition range. Up to 30% weight polyarylate, the copolyester crystallized readily and its melting point did not change with blend composition. This indicates that transesterification, if it occurred, was negligible. The thermal and dynamic results also suggest a weak polymer-polymer interaction in this system.
Possible New Developments in Community Control of Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Two findings that may revolutionize the implementation of oral iron supplementation programs worldwide have recently come to light. The first is that weekly administration of oral iron to anemic Chinese preschool children improved iron status as much as daily dosing, producing only negligible side effects. The relevance of this finding is being examined in studies of pregnant women, adolescent girls, and preschoolers in eight countries in the WHO (World Health Organization)–UNU (United Nations University)–UNICEF study of weekly iron supplements. Hopefully, this phenomenon will vastly increase the coverage, feasibility, and effectiveness of supplementation programs, particularly in the developing world. The second finding, that daily oral iron given to iron-sufficient Indonesian toddlers appeared to decrease weight gain compared with a placebo group, had not been apparent in three other small studies. If verified, screening for anemia could be required for all young children in predominantly anemic populations before iron supplements are given. However, it may not be an issue if weekly dosing is adopted.
Satietin: route of injection, dose response, effect on food and water intake and on running-wheel activity in the rat.

Semipurified satietin significantly (p<0.05) reduced food intake when injected subcutaneously at 10, 15, 20 mg/kg into 48 hr fasted rats with no indication of a dose response. When infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/rat (10 μl vol) into ad lib fed rats at the end of the light period there was no effect on food intake for the first hour but 24 hr food intake was (p<0.001) reduced at all doses. The ICV dose response curve was shallow, with similar suppression at both 12.5 and 25 μg doses, but a (p<0.05) greater suppression with the 50 μg dose. An ICV threshold between 6.25 μg and 12.5 μg appears to exist since no suppression occurred after a dose of 6.25 μg. Four consecutive daily ICV infusions of satietin (25 μg/rat) in two rats progressively suppressed food intake to low levels, suggesting a cumulative effect. Following termination of satietin treatment daily food intake slowly returned towards normal without evidence of rebound feeding. In other ad lib fed rats, four ICV infusions of semipurified satietin, on days alternated with no infusion, reduced food intake (p<0.001), water intake (p<0.003) and running wheel activity (p<0.001) on the first day of injection but not on subsequent injection days. Suppression of activity approached significance on the second injection day. Highly purified satietin infused ICV produced similar responses. These findings may indicate a general disruption of behavior by satietin, thus, it may not play a physiological role in feeding behavior because of its apparent non-specificity.
Revealing the natural complexity of topographic change processes through repeat surveys and decision‐tree classification

Title: Revealing the natural complexity of topographic change processes through repeat surveys and decision-tree classification Short title: Decision tree classification of topographic change processes Authors: Joshua R. Wyrick* a , Gregory B. Pasternack b a Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA, 18042 b University of California, Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA, 95616 * Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1 610-330-5735; E-mail: wyrickj@lafayette.edu; Fax: + 1 Keywords: topographic change; DEM differencing; river morphology; regulated rivers; geomorphic change Abstract Topographic change processes (TCPs) are the mechanisms by which a landscape is interpreted to be experiencing landform deformation, and are defined by the specific actions occurring within a contiguous, localized region that cause sediment to be either deposited or eroded. Past topographic change studies have mostly been focused at the site scale. The goal of this study was to identify and delineate spatially explicit TCP
Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells

The increase in energy density and power density requirements for lithium-ion secondary cells for commercial applications has led to a search for higher capacity electrode materials than those available today. Silicon would seem to be a possible alternative for the graphite or carbon anode because its intercalation capacity is the highest known. However, the large capacity fade observed during initial cycling has prevented the silicon anode from being commercialized. Here we present a review of methodologies adopted for reducing the capacity fade observed in silicon-based anodes, discuss the challenges that remain in using silicon and silicon-based anodes, and propose possible approaches for overcoming them.
Increased hemoglobin O2 affinity protects during acute hypoxia.

Acclimatization to hypoxia requires time to complete the adaptation mechanisms that influence oxygen (O2) transport and O2 utilization. Although decreasing hemoglobin (Hb) O2 affinity would favor the release of O2 to the tissues, increasing Hb O2 affinity would augment arterial O2 saturation during hypoxia. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pharmacologically increasing the Hb O2 affinity will augment O2 transport during severe hypoxia (10 and 5% inspired O2) compared with normal Hb O2 affinity. RBC Hb O2 affinity was increased by infusion of 20 mg/kg of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF). Control animals received only the vehicle. The effects of increasing Hb O2 affinity were studied in the hamster window chamber model, in terms of systemic and microvascular hemodynamics and partial pressures of O2 (Po2). Pimonidazole binding to hypoxic areas of mice heart and brain was also studied. 5HMF decreased the Po2 at which the Hb is 50% saturated with O2 by 12.6 mmHg. During 10 and 5% O2 hypoxia, 5HMF increased arterial blood O2 saturation by 35 and 48% from the vehicle group, respectively. During 5% O2 hypoxia, blood pressure and heart rate were 58 and 30% higher for 5HMF compared with the vehicle. In addition, 5HMF preserved microvascular blood flow, whereas blood flow decreased to 40% of baseline in the vehicle group. Consequently, perivascular Po2 was three times higher in the 5HMF group compared with the control group at 5% O2 hypoxia. 5HMF also reduced heart and brain hypoxic areas in mice. Therefore, increased Hb O2 affinity resulted in hemodynamics and oxygenation benefits during severe hypoxia. This acute acclimatization process may have implications in survival during severe environmental hypoxia when logistic constraints prevent chronic acclimatization.
Reading, Writing, and Toxics: Children's Health, Academic Performance, and Environmental Justice in Los Angeles:

A significant body of previous research on environmental justice has demonstrated a disproportionate burden of environmental hazards on low-income and minority residents. In this paper we evaluate spatially indexed data on estimated respiratory and cancer risks associated with exposures to ambient air toxics to show that children of color in the Los Angeles Unified School District suffer potentially disparate health impacts, and that disparities in environmental risks may be associated with diminished school performance—even after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic covariates that generally explain much of the variation in student scores. Remediating environmental health risks in distressed neighborhoods could, therefore, improve both health and human capital.
Emergent synchrony in locally coupled neural oscillators

The discovery of long range synchronous oscillations in the visual cortex has triggered much interest in understanding the underlying neural mechanisms and in exploring possible applications of neural oscillations. Many neural models thus proposed end up relying on global connections, leading to the question of whether lateral connections alone can produce remote synchronization. With a formulation different from frequently used phase models, we find that locally coupled neural oscillators can yield global synchrony. The model employs a previously suggested mechanism that the efficacy of the connections is allowed to change on a fast time scale. Based on the known connectivity of the visual cortex, the model outputs closely resemble the experimental findings. Furthermore, we illustrate the potential of locally connected oscillator networks in perceptual grouping and pattern segmentation, which seems missing in globally connected ones. >
A phosphorothioate at the 3' splice-site inhibits the second splicing step in a group I intron.

RNA polymerases can synthesize RNA containing phosphorothioate linkages in which a sulfur replaces one of the nonbridging oxygens. Only the Rp isomer is generated during transcription. A Rp phosphorothioate at the 5' splice-site of the Tetrahymena group I intron does not inhibit splicing (McSwiggen, J.A. and Cech, T.R. (1989) Science 244, 679). Transcription of mutants in which the first base of the 3' exon, U+1, was mutated to C or G, in the presence, respectively, of either cytosine or guanosine thiotriphosphate, introduced a phosphorothioate at the 3' splice-site. In both cases exon ligation was blocked. In the phosphorothioate substituted U+1G mutant, a new 3' splice-site was selected one base downstream of the correct site; despite the fact that the correct site was selected with very high fidelity in unsubstituted RNA. In contrast, the exon ligation reaction was successfully performed in reverse using unsubstituted intron RNA and ligated exons containing an Rp phosphorothioate at the exon junction site. Chirality was reversed during transesterification as in 5' splice-site cleavage (vide supra). This suggests that one non-bridging oxygen is particularly crucial for both splicing reactions.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Films Using Hexachlorodisilane

The use of hexachlorodisilane (Si2Cl6) as an alternative to silane for growth of polycrystalline silicon films has been investigated. Films were grown at atmospheric pressure in both hydrogen and nitrogen carrier gases over a temperature range of 450–900°C. Deposition rate data indicate the existence of two growth regimes at high and low temperatures and in the presence or absence of hydrogen. The change from amorphous to polycrystalline growth takes place at 600–650°C. At 600°C deposited films are amorphous but crystallize during the growth process. The chlorine content of high-temperature films was found to be less than 0.01 at.%.
Effects of size and age on the survival and growth of pulp and paper mills

Abstract The growth of pulp and paper mills in the US from 1970 to 2000 depended mostly on size and age. Mills grew according to Gibrat's law, and post-1970 mills grew faster than pre-1971 mills. Mills stopped growing at approximately 22 years of age. But most mills survived beyond that, thus growth was not necessary for survival, but characteristic of the early phase of the mill life cycle. Less integrated mills grew slower. So did more specialized mills and more so if they produced mostly paper. Mill location was uncorrelated with growth, but location mattered indirectly by facilitating or hindering mills with growth-conducive characteristics.
Psychological interventions for cystic fibrosis.

Background As survival estimates for cystic fibrosis (CF) steadily increase long-term management has become an important focus for intervention. Psychological interventions are largely concerned with emotional and social adjustments, adherence to treatment and quality of life, however no systematic review of such interventions has been undertaken for this disease. Objectives To describe the extent and quality of effectiveness studies utilising psychological interventions for CF and whether these interventions provide significant psychosocial and physical benefits in addition to standard care. Search strategy Relevant trials were identified from searches of Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane trial registers for CF and Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Groups and PsychINFO; unpublished trials were located through professional networks and Listserves. Most recent search: April 2003. Selection criteria This review included RCTs and quasi-randomised trials. Study participants were children and adults diagnosed with CF, and their immediate family members. Psychological interventions were from a broad range of modalities and outcomes were primarily psychosocial, although physical outcomes and cost effectiveness were also considered. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently selected relevant trials and assessed their methodological quality. For binary and continuous outcomes a pooled estimate of treatment effect was calculated for each outcome. Main results This review is based on the findings of eight studies, representing data from a total of 358 participants. Studies fell into four conceptually similar groups: (1) gene pre-test education counselling for relatives of those with CF (one study); (2) biofeedback, massage and music therapy to assist physiotherapy (three studies); (3) behavioural intervention to improve dietary intake in children up to 12 years (three studies); and (4) self-administration of treatments to improve quality of life in adults (one study). Interventions were largely educational or behavioural, targeted at specific treatment concerns during the chronic phase. No completed studies concentrating on complex treatment approaches were found. There is some evidence that behavioural interventions can improve emotional outcomes in people with CF and their carers. There was no consistent effect on lung function although one small study showed that biofeedback assisted breathing re-training was associated with improvement in some measures of spirometric lung function. Insufficient evidence is available at this point for interventions aimed at other aspects of the disease process. Reviewer's conclusions Multicentre approaches are required to increase the sample sizes of studies in the psychosocial field and to enhance the power and precision of the findings. This has consequent implications for funding.
Multi‐product supply chain horizontal network integration: models, theory, and computational results

In this paper, we develop multi-product supply chain network models with explicit capacities, before and after their horizontal integration. In addition, we propose a measure, which allows one to quantify and assess, from a supply chain network perspective, the synergy benefits associated with the integration of multi-product firms through mergers/acquisitions. We utilize a system-optimization perspective for the model development and provide the variational inequality formulations, which are then utilized to propose a computational procedure which fully exploits the underlying network structure. We illustrate the theoretical and computational framework with numerical examples. This paper is a contribution to the literatures of supply chain integration and mergers and acquisitions.
Pocketbook Protests: Explaining the Emergence of Pro-Democracy Protests Worldwide

Why do pro-democracy protests emerge in some countries at certain periods of time and not others? Pro-democracy protests, I argue, are more likely to arise when the economy is not performing well a...
Evolution and phylogenetic significance of cardioidean shell microstructure (Mollusca, Bivalvia)

Abstract The shell microstructure of Carboniferous and Triassic permophorids; Triassic and Recent carditids; Devonian, Carboniferous, and Triassic crassatelloideans; and Jurassic through Recent cardioideans is examined in a phylogenetic context, using separate microstructural and morphologic data sets, as well as a combined data set. The microstructural and morphologic data sets are significantly incongruent, but the combined data set suggests that modiomorphoideans (modiomorphids and permophorids) are basal to crassatelloideans; crassatelloideans are basal to carditids (including Septocardia), and carditids are basal to cardiids. On the other hand, the possibility of direct permophorid ancestry for the carditid-cardiid clade cannot be excluded, as suggested by the retention of permophorid-like matted (transitional nacreous-porcelaneous) structure in some early carditids and cardiids. In the absence of stratigraphic data and other evidence for phylogenetic relationships, shell microstructure offers limite...
New diagnostic methods for laser plasma- and microwave-enhanced combustion

The study of pulsed laser- and microwave-induced plasma interactions with atmospheric and higher pressure combusting gases requires rapid diagnostic methods that are capable of determining the mechanisms by which these interactions are taking place. New rapid diagnostics are presented here extending the capabilities of Rayleigh and Thomson scattering and resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection and introducing femtosecond laser-induced velocity and temperature profile imaging. Spectrally filtered Rayleigh scattering provides a method for the planar imaging of temperature fields for constant pressure interactions and line imaging of velocity, temperature and density profiles. Depolarization of Rayleigh scattering provides a measure of the dissociation fraction, and multi-wavelength line imaging enables the separation of Thomson scattering from Rayleigh scattering. Radar REMPI takes advantage of high-frequency microwave scattering from the region of laser-selected species ionization to extend REMPI to atmospheric pressures and implement it as a stand-off detection method for atomic and molecular species in combusting environments. Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) generates highly excited molecular species and dissociation through the focal zone of the laser. The prompt fluorescence from excited molecular species yields temperature profiles, and the delayed fluorescence from recombining atomic fragments yields velocity profiles.
IRA Assets, Contributions, and Market Share

This paper examines the level of - and trends in - IRA assets. In addition, recently released Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data provide more detailed information on the distribution of assets and contributions to IRAs by IRA type, thereby permitting analysis of the assets and contribution levels on the entire menu of IRAs, which includes traditional IRAs (deductible and nondeductible), Roth IRAs (nondeductible contributions and tax-free withdrawals), and other IRAs (employment-based SEPs and SIMPLEs). The PDF for the above title, published in the January 2007 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another January 2007 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "Health Insurance Coverage of the Near Elderly, 1994-2005."
Maximum likelihood channel estimation for residual self-interference cancellation in full duplex relays

Maximum likelihood channel estimation for a full duplex relay is proposed, which estimates the residual self-interference (RSI) channel as well as the end-to-end channel of the relay system, aiming to cancel the RSI at the destination. The log-likelihood function is maximized through a quasi-Newton method, where alternative optimization and Euclidean projection are applied. The initial values of the quasi-Newton method are obtained from a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator to avoid local minima and increase the convergence speed. The Cramer-Rao bounds are derived to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates.
371 RETESTING FOR CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN ADOLESCENTS: HOW WELL ARE WE DOING?

Purpose Age-specific rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) remain highest among youth. Most CT control efforts focus on screening. However, little is known about the management of teens, especially follow-up retesting after the initial (+) CT. CDC Guidelines state that a “test of cure” is usually not necessary in uncomplicated infections, but retesting is recommended at 3-4 months and up to 1 year after treatment. The current study describes the management and timing of follow-up retesting of CT(+) teens by gender. Methods A consecutive sample of teens 14-19 years testing CT (+) between 5/01-12/03 at 5 Northern California HMO pediatric clinics was identified using a centralized laboratory database. The first (+)CT result during study dates was defined as the index infection. Medical charts were reviewed for management, including antibiotic treatment and timing of retesting for CT within one year after treatment. Results The sample consisted of 122 teens with a mean age 16.7 years (SD ± 1.1 yrs). Antibiotics were successfully prescribed for 118 (97%) teens. Safer sex counseling was provided for 96 (79%) teens. Providers advised partner notification and treatment in 63 (52%) cases. HIV and/or RPR screening was advised in 44 (36%) cases. (Table) More males than females had no CT retesting at all during the 12 months post-index infection (77% vs. 51%, p=0.018). Conclusions Most teens received appropriate antibiotics. In sharp contrast, much fewer received other follow-up care, with males faring more poorly than females with regard to retesting. Only 10% received CT retesting according to guidelines (i.e. from 3-12 months after treatment of index infection) and 22% were inappropriately retested within 3 weeks post-treatment (i.e. nonculture tests remain positive for up to 3 weeks post-treatment). The current study describes inappropriately timed retesting and highlights important “missed opportunities” to target this at-risk population with follow-up prevention interventions.
Epidemiological characteristics of cases of measles vaccine immunity failure in Shenzhen City in 2009-2013

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles vaccine immunity failure cases in Shenzhen City during 2009- 2013 so as to provide scientific evidence for developing measles prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was applied to analyze the data of measles cases from the reporting system of national notifiable diseases in Shenzhen City from 2009 to 2013. Results A total of 1,867 cases of measles were reported in Shenzhen City during 2009- 2013,of which the cases of measles vaccine immunity failure accounted for 9. 8%( 182 /1,867) and the ratio significantly changed from 2009 to 2013( χ2= 23. 201,P = 0. 000). Most cases of measles vaccine immunity failure( 56. 0%) were children aged 8 months to 2 years,and the cases aged 14 years or above only accounted for 9. 4%. The age composition was significantly different between the measles vaccine immunity failure cases and the total reported measles cases( χ2= 122. 621,P = 0.000). And it also varied significantly among different years( χ2= 23. 201,P = 0. 000). Except for the rash and Koplik plaque,the incidence rates of fever,cough,catarrh symptoms,conjunctivitis,swollen lymph nodes and joint pain were all significantly lower in the cases of measles vaccine immunity failure than in those without measles immunization history( P 0. 05). Conclusions Measles vaccine immunity failure cases occupy a certain proportion in measles cases,and the cases of younger children are comparatively prominent. The second dose of re- immunization is essential.
Application of LonWorks bus technique in substation environment monitoring

Facing the situation that the environment monitoring system is imperfect in some unattended substations,this paper introduces the characteristics and advantages of LonWorks Field-Bus technique,and proposes the design and implementation of substation environment monitoring system based on LonWorks.The result demonstrates that the system is stable,reliable and expansible,and can be promoted to other fields.
Key Technologies in Enterprise BYOD Device Management

This article describes ZTE's bring your own device(BYOD) solutions to device security management, application security management, and data security management at the terminal layer, access layer, and control layer. The terminal layer provides a BYOD security set. The access layer contains an access gateway and unified access control, which provides secure access for mobile devices and unified device and user authentication. At the control layer, mobile user and device behaviors are controlled. The application layer provides specific enterprise mobile services, including general business communications, corporate office application support, virtual desktop, enterprise network disk, and enterprise business-related mobile applications.
Co‐enforcing Labor standards: the unique contributions of state and worker organizations in Argentina and the United States

Labor inspection is a central response to the tremendous gap between regulations on the books and outcomes for workers throughout the world. Scholarly and policy debates on labor regulation have focused attention on improving the targeting of enforcement, changing strategies of street-level agents, and creating private alternatives to state regulation. This paper argues that these proposals, while important, fail to systematically incorporate the potential contributions of worker organizations and, as a result, overlook opportunities for co-enforcing labor standards, a key element of labor inspection. By contrast, we develop a framework to analyze the relationships between worker organizations and state regulators that underpin co- enforcement. We ground this framework empirically in comparative cases, set in Argentina and the United States, presenting two cases of co-enforcement in highly different institutional contexts. By doing so, we seek to illuminate key attributes of labor inspection and guide attempts to enhance enforcement by forging partnerships between regulators and worker organizations.
Abstract 4431: Tandem profiling of 5-methyl and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma identifies tumor-specific distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and associations with patient survival

Glioblastomas exhibit widespread molecular alterations including a highly distorted epigenome. Genome-wide assessment of epigenetic alterations to cytosines in glioblastoma has largely been limited to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an additional cytosine modification that is deregulated in cancer, though the extent and context of these alterations at single cytosine resolution remain unclear. Through parallel processing of DNA with bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite treatments on Illumina 450K arrays we resolved both 5mC and 5hmC in 30 glioblastomas. We developed and applied a novel technique for estimating 5mC, 5hmC, and unmethylated proportions from array data to glioblastoma tissues and compare with normal brain tissue. Genomic distribution of 5hmC was associated with features of transcription despite the glioblastoma genome being relatively depleted of 5hmC. When integrating 5mC and 5hmC data using a Gaussian finite mixture model approach, we observed significant associations between 5hmC levels and gene-sets involved in immune and RNA regulatory processes while high 5mC classes were associated with receptor-mediated processes and cancer gene-sets. Significant differences in patient survival were observed among classes of 5hmC obtained from a recursively partitioned mixture model. Gene expression across epigenetic enzymes including methyltransferases and TETs was also investigated for relation with patterns and levels of 5hmC and 5mC. Analyses of elevated 5hmC with alternative splicing events that may promote disease progression are underway. Together, our results provide a genome-wide map of 5hmC in glioblastoma, indicate that transcription patterns as well as disrupted processes are associated with 5hmC patterns, and highlight the potential clinical prognostic utility of 5hmC in cancer. Citation Format: Kevin C. Johnson, E. Andres Houseman, Jessica E. King, Camilo E. Fadul, Brock C. Christensen. Tandem profiling of 5-methyl and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma identifies tumor-specific distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and associations with patient survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4431.
On an Enhancement of the Category of Shifted L ∞ -Algebras

We construct a symmetric monoidal category \({\mathfrak {S}}\mathsf {Lie}_{\infty }^{\text {MC}}\) whose objects are shifted L∞-algebras equipped with a complete descending filtration. Morphisms of this category are “enhanced” infinity morphisms between shifted L∞-algebras. We prove that any category enriched over \({\mathfrak {S}}\mathsf {Lie}_{\infty }^{\text {MC}}\) can be integrated to a simplicial category whose mapping spaces are Kan complexes. The advantage gained by using enhanced morphisms is that we can see much more of the simplicial world from the L∞-algebra point of view. We use this construction in a subsequent paper (Dolgushev et al. Adv. Math. 274, 562–605, 2015) to produce a simplicial model of a (∞,1)-category whose objects are homotopy algebras of a fixed type.
Market process: the problem of order in Austrian economics

During the period from 1974 to 1986, Israel Kirzner and Ludwig Lachmann were the acknowledged leaders of the new Austrian economics in America. They had been instrumental in sparking the Austrian revival, and they were the inspiration for most of the intellectual work that was done during those years. Both in the Ph.D. program and through the program of visiting appointments that Kirzner arranged at New York University, together Kirzner and Lachmann trained (and/or influenced) almost all of the younger economists who were to become identified with Austrian economics in some formal way. The New York University seminar and visiting program created an intellectual network of people who increasingly came to represent Austrian economics to the profession. During their entire professional association, Kirzner and Lachmann continually engaged in a friendly and deeply respectful rivalry about the nature and implications of Austrian economics. Although rarely stated as such in their published work, it is clear both from their writings and their exchanges at conferences during this time that their arguments were often responses to issues and ideas proposed by the other. While they agreed on many specific issues, they differed most emphatically about the degree to which Austrian economics could be made consistent with neoclassical orthodoxy. Kirzner's approach was to incorporate Austrian insights within the context of the larger neoclassical paradigm whereas Lachmann was more inclined to jettison most of the orthodoxy as excess baggage in his search for a more fruitful way to theorize about social reality.
A Highly Versatile One-Pot Aqueous Wittig Reaction

The implementation of green chemistry experiments in the sophomore organic teaching lab is essential in order to increase student awareness of issues that pertain to sustainability and reducing waste that impacts the environment. Aspects of green chemistry that draw attention to these important issues include, but are not limited to, the use of safer solvents, the development of energy efficient reactions, the use of less hazardous chemicals, and the prevention of waste. To demonstrate the ease of introducing green chemistry principles into the organic chemistry teaching lab a Wittig reaction was chosen to be “greened.” The green Wittig reaction described within this report was performed at ambient temperature and in an aqueous medium; in addition, the reaction was complete within one hour, and the transformation was accomplished in “one-pot.” Finally, students analyzed the Wittig products using 1H NMR spectroscopy to confirm structure and to determine the E:Z ratio.
The Gas-Phase Ligand Exchange of Select Magnesium and Copper Beta-Diketonate Complexes.

RATIONALE While much of the interest and application of beta-diketonate complexes has focused predominately on the condensed phases, we report on the prevalence of gas-phase ligand exchange reactions leading to the formation of novel species. METHODS Gas-phase ligand exchange reactions of Mg(eeac)2 and Mg(tftm)2 complexes with Cu(acac)2 , Cu(tftm)2 , Cu(dbm)2 , and Cu(eeac)2 were investigated using a direct insertion electron impact triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The collision cell of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was also employed to examine the gas-phase reactions between mass-selected ions and specific neutral target compounds. RESULTS The gas-phase mixed ligand products of [Mg(acac)(eeac)]+ , [Cu(acac)(eeac)]+ , [Mg(eeac)(tftm)]+ , [Cu(eeac)(tftm)]+ , [Mg(acac)(tftm)]+ , and [Mg(dbm)(tftm)]+ were formed following the co-sublimation of hetero-metal precursors and are reported herein for the first time. The corresponding fragmentation patterns of the precursor and mixed ligand species are also presented. CONCLUSIONS Several gas-phase ligand exchange reactions were observed leading to the formation of both mixed and complete ligand exchange products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox

We present a live demo of the Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox (CERT) developed at University of California, San Diego. CERT measures facial expressions in real-time, and codes them with respect to expressions of basic emotion, as well as over 20 facial actions from the Facial Action Coding System (Ekman & Friesen, 1978). Head pose (yaw, pitch, and roll) is also detected using an algorithm presented at this conference (Whitehill & Movellan, 2008). A sample output is shown in Figure 1.
Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes associated with protection from or increased risk of alcohol abuse

Certain genes responsible for encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) could significantly reduce the risk of alcohol abuse. Approximately 30% of the Asian population has the defective gene (due to polymorphism) that encodes ALDH with low or no enzyme activity and these individuals experience unpleasant experience after drinking that leads to lifelong avoidance of alcohol consumption. Some genes are also present in Caucasians that protect them from alcohol abuse. However, other genes may increase the risk of alcohol abuse. People with genetic traits that may increase the risk of alcohol abuse should refrain from drinking.
Critical Theory as Radical Comparative–Historical Research

This chapter highlights how considering the contributions of critical theory would enhance the work of comparative–historical social scientists, by drawing attention to two dimensions that traditionally have been ignored in comparative–historical analysis. First, comparative–historical analysis tends to sideline the question of whether different social, political, cultural, and economic forms may in fact be expressive of an underlying, historical logic that must not be ignored. Second, comparative–historical analysts do not appear to consider that and how their research agenda may be an expression of the specificity of social–historical circumstances they endeavor to illuminate, but which, in a sense, is being objectified via comparative–historical social scientists’ preferred mode of analysis. For the most part, comparative–historical researchers seems to work from the assumption that there is no need for the examination of how their research agendas, questions, and tools are situated in and reflect the societal universe, beyond the scope of particular cases, similarities, and differences.
Domain wall fermion QCD with the exact one flavor algorithm

Lattice QCD calculations including the effects of one or more nondegenerate sea quark flavors are conventionally performed using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo (RHMC) algorithm, which computes the square root of the determinant of ${\mathcal{D}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\mathcal{D}$, where $\mathcal{D}$ is the Dirac operator. The special case of two degenerate quark flavors with the same mass is described directly by the determinant of ${\mathcal{D}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\mathcal{D}$---in particular, no square root is necessary---enabling a variety of algorithmic developments, which have driven down the cost of simulating the light (up and down) quarks in the isospin-symmetric limit of equal masses. As a result, the relative cost of single quark flavors---such as the strange or charm---computed with RHMC has become more expensive. This problem is even more severe in the context of our measurements of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}I=1/2$ $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ matrix elements on lattice ensembles with $G$-parity boundary conditions, since $G$-parity is associated with a doubling of the number of quark flavors described by $\mathcal{D}$, and thus RHMC is needed for the isospin-symmetric light quarks as well. In this paper we report on our implementation of the exact one flavor algorithm (EOFA) introduced by the TWQCD Collaboration for simulations including single flavors of domain wall quarks. We have developed a new preconditioner for the EOFA Dirac equation, which both reduces the cost of solving the Dirac equation and allows us to reuse the bulk of our existing high-performance code. Coupling these improvements with careful tuning of our integrator, the time per accepted trajectory in the production of our $2+1$ flavor $G$-parity ensembles with physical pion and kaon masses has been decreased by a factor of 4.2.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Select Patients for Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials

The standard and most common approaches used in the selection of patients for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment trials have been based primarily on clinical criteria. Entrance and selection criteria typically include disease classification (e.g. relapsing versus secondary progressive MS), an inclusive range of disability scores, the pre-trial exacerbation rate, and age. Today we are at an important junction in trials design, such that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based criteria are recognized as increasingly important additional selection criteria in MS clinical trials.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Liver Abscess: A Case Series of Six Asian Patients.

Case series Patient: Female, 60 • Male, 45 • Male, 56 • Male, 65 • Female, 57 • Male, 35 Final Diagnosis: Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess Symptoms: Fever Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Liver abscesses represent a serious infection of hepatic parenchyma and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of a new hypervirulent variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which can cause serious infections in the Asian population, is under investigation. We report a case series of six Asian patients hospitalized at our institution from January 2013 to November 2015 for liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Case Report: Charts of six Asian patients were retrospectively reviewed. Four patients were male and two were female. The mean age was 53 years (range: 35–64 years). All patients had no known past medical history of immunodeficiency. Three patients had multiple liver abscesses at the time of initial presentation. In five patients, the source of entry of the pathogenic microorganism was unknown and in one patient the suspected source of entry was the gastrointestinal tract. In three patients there was also concomitant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was seven weeks and the mean duration of hospital stay was 13.5 days. Conclusions: Liver abscess should always be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of sepsis without obvious source and/or in the clinical scenarios of fever, abdominal pain, and liver lesions.
Philosophical Issues Concerning Phase Transitions and Anyons: Emergence, Reduction, and Explanatory Fictions

Various claims regarding intertheoretic reduction, weak and strong notions of emergence, and explanatory fictions have been made in the context of first-order thermodynamic phase transitions. By appealing to John Norton’s recent distinction between approximation and idealization, I argue that the case study of anyons and fractional statistics, which has received little attention in the philosophy of science literature, is more hospitable to such claims. In doing so, I also identify three novel roles that explanatory fictions fulfill in science. Furthermore, I scrutinize the claim that anyons, as they are ostensibly manifested in the fractional quantum Hall effect, are emergent entities and urge caution. Consequently, it is suggested that a particular notion of strong emergence signals the need for the development of novel physical–mathematical research programs.
A 78.2nW 3-channel time-delay-to-digital converter using polarity coincidence for audio-based object localization

This paper presents an ultra-low-power intersignal time-delay-to-digital converter. It introduces polarity-coincidence adaptive time-delay estimation, a mixed-signal processing technique that consumes only 78.2nW for a 3-channel delay estimation. A 0.18um CMOS implementation of the converter has been tested and characterized with controlled and real-life stimuli. This analog-to-feature converter has further been used to estimate the time difference of arrival in an audio-based vehicle-bearing IoT system.