cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to select benchmark experiments for the validation of computer codes and data

Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methodologies under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were applied to determine whether existing benchmark experiments adequately cover the area of applicability for the criticality code and data validation of PuO 2 and mixed-oxide (MOX) powder systems. The study examined three PuO 2 powder systems and four MOX powder systems that would be useful for establishing mass limits for a MOX fuel fabrication facility. Using traditional methods to choose experiments for criticality analysis validation, 46 benchmark critical experiments were identified as ap- plicable to the PuO2 powder systems. However, only 14 experiments were thought to be within the area of applicability for dry MOX powder systems. The applicability of 318 benchmark critical experiments, including the 60 experiments initially iden- tified, was assessed. Each benchmark and powder system was analyzed using the T ools for Sensitivity and UNcertainty Analysis Methodology Implementation (TSUNAMI) one-dimensional (TSUNAMI-1D) or TSUNAMI three-dimensional (TSUNAMI-3D) sensitivity analysis sequences, which will be included in the next release of the SCALE code system. This sensitivity data and cross-section uncertainty data were then processed with TSUNAMI-IP to determine the correlation of each application to each experiment in the benchmarking set. Correlation coefficients are used to assess the similarity between systems and deter- mine the applicability of one system for the code and data validation of another. The applicability of most of the experiments identified using traditional methods was confirmed by the TSUNAMI analysis. In addition, some PuO 2 and MOX powder systems were determined to be within the area of applicability of several other benchmarks that would not have been considered using traditional methods. Therefore, the number of benchmark experiments useful for the validation of these systems exceeds the number previously expected. The TSUNAMI analysis also emphasized some areas where more benchmark data are needed, indicating the need for further evaluation of existing experiments, or possibly the completion of new experiments to fill these gaps. This lack of evaluated data is particularly important for very dry and dense MOX powder systems.
Complex spatial filters for image deconvolution

The history and principles of image distortion correction by means of holographic spatial filtering are reviewed. Both predetection and postdetection filtering are considered. These and other principle applications of complex spatial filtering are assessed. The major problem areas are discussed, along with possible solutions.
The Physical Abuse of Adolescents

The literature on adolescent abuse suggests that it may differ from child abuse. Issues raised in the literature focus on severity, provoking behavior by the adolescents, and community norms for discipline as crucial issues. There are several models of the dynamics of adolescent abuse in the literature. These issues and theoretical models are examined by reviewing twenty-five cases of adolescent abuse from a public welfare office in a large midwestern city. Implications of the findings for reporting injuries and planning interventions are discussed. Language: en
Automated concentration and recovery of micro-organisms from drinking water using dead-end ultrafiltration.

Aims: Concentration of pathogens diluted in large volumes of water is necessary for their detection. An automated concentration system placed online in drinking water distribution systems would facilitate detection and mitigate the risk to public health. Methods and Results: A prototype concentrator based on dead-end hollow fibre ultrafiltration was used to concentrate Bacillus atrophaeus spores directly from tap water. Backflush was used to recover accumulated particulates for analysis. In field tests conducted on a water utility distribution system, 3·2 × 104–1·4 × 106 CFU ml−1 (6·1 × 106–3·0 × 108 CFU) were recovered from the filter when 2·9 × 107–1·0 × 109 CFU were spiked into the system. Per cent recovery ranged from 21% to 68% for flow volumes of 15–21 l. Tests using spore influent levels 100 l. Conclusions: B. atrophaeus spores at levels <10 CFU l−1 were concentrated directly from tap water using an automated dead-end hollow-fibre ultrafiltration system. Significance and Impact of the Study: The prototype concentrator represents a critical step towards an autonomous system that could be installed in drinking water distribution lines or other critical water lines to facilitate monitoring. Recovered samples can be analysed using standard or rapid biosensor methods.
Forearm bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism: long‐term follow‐up with and without parathyroidectomy

Summary objective The long-term effects of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), whether treated or untreated, on cortical bone are unclear, but the balance of evidence suggests that fracture risk is modestly increased in this patient group. We therefore compared changes in forearm cortical bone mineral density (BMD), at the site most relevant for PTH-mediated bone loss, in two groups of patients with PHPT; one with and one without surgery. design and patients We followed the course of forearm bone mineral/bone width (BM/BW, g/cm2) measured by single-energy photon absorptiometry at the standard proximal site, and Z-scores (deviations from the mean value expected for age, sex and race, calculated from a large local reference population) in 108 patients who underwent successful surgery (mean duration 47 months, range 12–120 months) and 108 who remained unoperated (mean duration 52 months, range 12–132 months). Criteria for recommending surgery had been formulated in 1975 and were generally similar to those of the NIH consensus conference published in 1991. At the time of diagnosis the Z-score was significantly reduced in both groups, indicating an earlier period of accelerated cortical bone loss. results In the entire operated population there was no difference between the initial and final BM/BW. As the age-expected mean value declined, the Z-score became significantly less negative, and if the rate of change remained constant the values would have reached zero, indicating recovery of all bone lost as a result of the disease, after about 20 years. In the unoperated patients BM/BW fell significantly but there was no change in Z-score, indicating that the rate of bone loss was the same as expected for normal ageing. conclusions It is reasonable to assume that cessation of further bone loss consequent on successful parathyroid surgery would eventually lead to abatement of the excess fracture risk, but the benefit to individual patients will depend mainly on their remaining life expectancy.
Interplay between bone morphogenetic proteins and cognate binding proteins in bone and cartilage development: noggin, chordin and DAN.

This commentary is a concise discussion of the interactions between bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their binding proteins in bone and cartilage morphogenesis. BMPs are a family of growth and differentiation factors, and they act on mesenchymal cells to induce cartilage and bone differentiation in concentration-dependent thresholds. The BMP–BMP receptor binding leads to a cascade of signaling and transcription of BMP response genes. BMP binding proteins, noggin, chordin and DAN, act as antagonists and determine the bioavailability of BMPs for binding to cognate receptors to elicit the biological response. Noggin null mice with unrestricted action of BMPs exhibit defects in joint morphogenesis. BMPs and their binding proteins may reciprocally regulate the dynamic topography of joints, muscle, tendons and ligaments during morphogenesis of the skeleton. In addition, BMP actions may be potentiated by twisted gastrulation. BMPs and their binding proteins may play a critical role in regeneration of cartilage in osteoarthritis.
Experimental results on multi-charge-state lebt approach

A multi-charge-state injector for a high-intensity heavy-ion linac is being developed at ANL. The injector consists of an all-permanent magnet ECR ion source [1], a 100 kV platform and a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). The latter comprises two 60-degree bending magnets, electrostatic triplets and beam diagnostics stations. At present the injector system allows us to accelerate all ion species up to qtimes100 keV total kinetic energy, where q is the charge state of an ion. In the current installation, the accelerating tube is followed by a 90deg magnet and a beam measurement station [2]. Recently we studied the production of metal ion beams using an oven technique and high intensity light ion beams from the ECR ion. A pepper pot emittance meter based on a scintillator screen has been developed and tested with various CW ion beams. It was found that a Csl (Tl) crystal has a high sensitivity for a variety of ion species from protons to heavy ions with the current densities even below 1 muA/cm2.
Radiation Response and Variability of Advanced Commercial Foundry Technologies

The radiation hardness of nominally identical SRAM test chips fabricated in five commercial foundries is examined. Large variations in single-event latchup and total dose response are observed. The softest SRAMs fail functionally at ~200 krad(SiO2) and have a fairly large single-event latchup cross section. This is in contrast to the hardest foundry split which is nearly immune to single-event latchup at room temperature, and remains functional to a total dose of 400 krad(SiO 2). Three of the splits show a similar increase in radiation induced leakage current, which is dependent on both the characterization bias as well as the pattern written to the memory array. The other two splits show neither a pattern nor a bias dependence on the leakage current. Heavy-ion microbeam experiments confirm that the most latchup sensitive area of these SRAMs is the peripheral circuitry, not the memory array itself. Qualification and hardened-by-design integrated circuit implications are discussed
Green Office Buildings: A Qualitative Exploration of Green Office Building Attributes

In this paper, we identify specific green building attributes important to tenants using a mixed-industry series of focus-groups in Chicago, Denver, Washington D.C., and the San Francisco Bay Area....
The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area

Inversion severely impairs the recognition of greyscale faces and the ability to see the stimulus as a face in two-tone Mooney images. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area (FFA). MR signal intensity from the FFA was reduced when greyscale faces were presented upside-down, but this effect was small and inconsistent across subjects when subjects were required to attend to both upright and inverted faces. However when two-tone faces were inverted, the MR signal from the FFA was substantially reduced for all subjects. We conclude that (i) the FFA responds to faces per se, rather than to the low-level visual features present in faces, and (ii) inverted greyscale faces can strongly activate this face-specific mechanism.
The development of epistemological understanding

We propose the coordination of the subjective and objective dimensions of knowing as the essence of what develops in the attainment of mature epistemological understanding. Initially, the objective dimension dominates, to the exclusion of subjectivity; subsequently, the subjective dimension assumes an ascendant position and the objective is abandoned, and, finally, the two are coordinated. This progression, we further postulate, tends to occur in a systematic order across different judgment domains (personal taste, aesthetic, value, and truth), with the orders the reverse of one another in the two major transitions that constitute this progression. These predictions are supported among a sample of seven groups of children, adolescents, and adults varying in age, education, and life experience. Subjectivity is most readily acknowledged in personal taste and aesthetic judgments and least readily in truth judgments. Once subjectivity is accepted and becomes dominant, objectivity is reintegrated in the reverse order, i.e., most readily with respect to truth judgments. Not predicted, however, was the finding that for a number of individuals, both transitions proved most difficult in the values domain. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Gender Differences in Coaching Philosophy: The Case of Female Basketball Teams

Abstract With the advent of Title IX, the proportion of female participants in interscholastic sport has risen sharply while the proportion of female coaches has dropped precipitously. This paper seeks to determine whether there are any differences in coaching philosophy by gender. Questionnaires were sent to the coaches of 600 high school girls' basketball teams selected randomly from the 48 contiguous states. There were 250 usable ones returned for a response rate of 42%. The questionnaires included items designed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of coaches in five areas of coaching philosophy: (1) the coach's role in the overall development of athletes; (2) conditions believed essential to maximize team performance; (3) team rules used; (4) use of sports aphorisms; and (5) expectations of athletes. Summing the findings, we found that in 83 of the 100 comparisons there were no statistical differences in the means of the male and female coaches. In the 17 instances where there were statistically sig...
Categorization of infant-directed speech: development from 4 to 6 months.

To extend a previous finding that 6-month-old infants categorized low-pass filtered infant-directed (ID) utterances, we examined a) 6-month-old infants' categorization of more naturalistic, unfiltered ID utterances and b) the developmental progression of ID-speech categorization. In Experiment 1, 6-month- olds heard seven different unfiltered tokens from one class of ID utterance (approving or comforting), followed by a novel token from either the same or an unfamiliar category. Infants recovered, responding only to the unfamiliar category token, suggesting that they categorized naturalistic ID utterances. Four-month-olds' categorization of filtered and unfiltered versions of the ID utterances was assessed in Experiments 2 and 4. Four-month-olds did not recover, responding to a test token from an unfamiliar class, suggesting that they did not categorize either filtered or unfiltered ID utterances. Experiment 3 demonstrated that 4-month-old infants' failure to categorize did not result from their inability to complete the procedure. These results suggest that infants' processing of ID speech changes from 4 to 6 months of age. 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 97-109, 2003.
Surgery for small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises approximately 14% of all lung cancer cases. Most patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease and are therefore treated nonoperatively with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both. A small subset of patients with SCLC present with early-stage disease and will benefit from surgical resection plus chemotherapy. The rationale for radiotherapy in these patients remains controversial.
Has Quantitative Multimodal Imaging of Treatment Response Arrived

Although there have been dramatic increases in the range and quality of information available from noninvasive imaging methods, their application in clinical trials has been limited. One promising approach is to apply imaging techniques in preclinical studies designed to mimic a corresponding clinical trial in order to inform that trial. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6473–5)
The negative impact of persistent penicillin allergy labeling

Rationale Although 8-20% of patients have penicillin allergy labels (PAL), less than 1% of the population are truly allergic. The extent to which a PAL persists in the EMR despite documented penicillin tolerance is currently unknown. Methods The synthetic derivative (de-identified version) of the electronic medical record (EMR) was mined for patients >18 years or older with >3 visits linked to Vanderbilt ambulatory care from January 2000 to August 2014. Key outcomes including antibiotic utilization and presence of C. difficile infection were compared between cases with (n=11,504) and controls (n=31,084) without PAL. Cases were examined for the persistence of the PAL despite documented tolerance. Categorical variables were analyzed by Pearson Chi-squared test and continuous data by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results Most PAL (67%) were already labeled upon entry into the EMR, and 96% remained persistently labeled. Cases were more likely to develop C. difficile infection (1.2% vs 0.9%, p=0.001). The proportion of prescription encounters for levofloxacin (15% vs 12%), vancomycin (5% vs 4%), clindamycin (8% vs 4%), and aztreonam (1% vs <0.1%) were overrepresented in PAL cases versus unlabeled controls (all p<0.001). Of 11216 PAL, 4321 (39%) had EMR documentation of having received and tolerated a penicillin, however despite this 4045/4321 (94%) retained the PAL. Conclusions In this largely ambulatory population, PALs persist within the EMR despite proven tolerance and are associated with higher risk antibiotic treatments and C. difficile infection. Major reform of the EMR to utilize systematic approaches of documenting, reconciling, and removing the PAL is urgently needed.
Mechanical Properties of Biological Nanocomposite Nacre: Multiscale Modeling and Experiments on Nacre from Red Abalone

Nacre, the inner iridescent layer of mollusks shell is a bio-nanocomposite with the mineral aragonite as a major constituent and 2-5% of organics mainly in the form of proteins. Our multiscale modeling and experimental studies reveal that the microstructure and the small weight percent of organics are the key parameters attributed to the extreme toughness of nacre. We report that the presence of platelet interlocks nacre have a significant role in the enhancement of mechanical properties. Molecular simulation study is conducted to understand the behavior of aragonite-organic interface. The mechanical behavior of organics and inorganics in presence of each other is described using steered molecular dynamics simulations. This provides some understanding on the deformation mechanisms of the protein present between the aragonite layers. Our nanoindentation results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness of nacre decreases as it is exposed to a denaturing temperature for proteins. The changes in the organic inorganic interaction have been experimentally described using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. This work gives insight into the contribution of the various factors existing at different length scales on the overall mechanical behavior of nacre.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN "STRUCTURE-OF- INTELLECT" FACTORS AND TWO METHODS OF PRESENTING CONCEPTS OF MODULAR ARITHMETIC--A SUMMARY PAPER

s of Research in Mathematics Education Investigations in Mathematics Education is a new occasional journal of abstracts, annotations, and listings of currently reported research on mathematics education. The journal is a publication of the School Mathe- matics Study Group (SMSG), edited by J. F. Weaver (the University of Wisconsin-Madison) and guided in its policies by the following editorial committee: E. G. Begle (Stanford University), Joseph N. Payne (The Uni- versity of Michigan), and Len Pikaart (The University of Georgia). Ab- stracts for the journal are prepared (upon invitation) by a team of mathe- matics educators. At present this team consists of thirty-six members. Two issues of Investigations in Mathematics Education have been pub- lished to date: volume 1, January 1969, and volume 2, July 1969. Each issue may be purchased at the price of $1 per copy from A. C. Vroman, Inc., 2085 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena, California 91109. (Include remittance with order.) Interested persons may have their names placed on a mailing list to receive publication notice of each subsequent issue of the journal. Address such requests to Investigations in Mathematics Education, School Mathematics Study Group, Cedar Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Any Typewriter can Type Scientific Symbols! TECHNICAL, MATHEMATICAL, GREEK LETTER OR CUSTOM SYMBOLS A simple adapter and Typit symbol elements are all you need to profes- sionally type symbols along with your regular typing. No matter what make of typewriter you have, you can transform it into a limitless typing machine! No more leaving space for symbols . . . no more inking in symbols ... no more using improper typewriter letters in place of the proper sym- bols. Send today for FREE catalogs on Typit stock symbols and custom symbol designing. Specify make and type of typewriter. Write to: MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES 3127 Colvin Street, Alexandria, Va. 22314 42 Journal for Research/January 1970 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.157 on Thu, 09 Jun 2016 06:26:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
A SCADA Intrusion Detection Framework that Incorporates Process Semantics

SCADA security is an increasingly important research area as these systems, used for process control and automation, are being exposed to the Internet due to their use of TCP/IP protocols as a transport mechanism for control messages. Most of the existing research work on SCADA systems has focused on addressing SCADA security by monitoring attacks or anomalies at the network level. The main issue affecting these systems today is that by focusing our attention on network-level monitoring needs, security practitioners may remain unaware of process level constraints. The proposed framework helps ensure that a mechanism is in place to help map process level constraints, as described by process engineers, to network level monitoring needs. Existing solutions have tried to address this problem but have not been able to fully bridge the gap between the process and the network. The goal of this research is to provide a solution that (i) leverages the knowledge process engineers have about the system (to help strengthen cyber security) and that has the ability to (ii) seamlessly monitors process constraints at the network level using standard network security tools. A prototype system for the Modbus TCP protocol and the Bro IDS has been built to validate the approach.
Moving Beyond Description: Putting Twitter in (Theoretical) Context

This Twitter Research Forum essay by Communication & Sport Associate Editor Marie Hardin explores the life cycle of scholarship concerning Twitter and other forms of social media in the sporting co...
Raising corporate debt in India: Has foreign ownership been an asset or a liability?

This article examines the relationship between the extent of foreign ownership and debt composition using a sample of 1,000 firms in India. The estimation results show that firms with foreign ownership do not access more expensive funds from commercial banks while they do enjoy relatively greater access to funds from development finance institutions, compared to domestic firms. Thus, Indian development finance institutions appear not to have discriminated against foreign affiliates in their lending activities.
Effect of Occupational Strong Noise on Cardiovascular System of Workers Who Wear Personal Protective Equipment

[Objective]To understand the health status of workers exposed to noise in a manufacturing enterprise in Langfang city,explore the effect of occupational strong noise on cardiovascular system of workers who had taken the personal protective measures.[Methods]The noise intensity in the workplace of this enterprise was detected,occupational physical examination was carried out among 291 workers exposed to noise,and the results were analyzed statistically.[Results]The noise intensity of 21 monitoring points all exceeded 85 dB (A).35 workers (12.0%) suffered from hypertension,and 38 workers (13.2%) had the abnormal electrocardiogram results.The prevalence of hypertension and abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram showed a linear increase trend with working age of noise exposure (P0.05).[Conclusion]Long-term strong noise exposure can still cause damage on the cardiovascular system of workers who wear personal protective equipment,so more effective measures should be adopted to protect the health of workers.
Evaluation on effects of models on tuberculosis control in Shanghai Xuhui district

Objective To evaluate the effects of both the new and old model on tuberculosis control. The data about tuberculosis was collected before and after September in 2001 and analyzed by comparing the results of new and old tuberculosis control models. After the new model was executed, the administrated rate of whole-course tuberculosis diagnosed was 100%, and the cure rate increased by 2.70%, but the difference between the new and old models was not significant. The transferred diagnosis rate of suspicious tuberculosis increased significantly from 38.69% to 99.20%, moreover, the whole-course administrated rate of tuberculosis by community was 99.58% which increased by 1.51% as compared with the old model, but the difference was not significant. By medical examination for mobile population, the detection rate of tuberculosis increased significantly compared with the corresponding period in 2001. Furthermore, the rate of established card in mobile population increased by 23.76% and the difference was significant. [Conclusion] The new model was superior to the old one and it may be further improved and generalized.
A consideration of height as a function of prepregnancy nutritional background and its potential influence on birth weight.

The influence of height and delivery weight (pregravid and gestational gain), expressed as percent ideal weight for height, upon birth weight was examined in 696 uncomplicated term pregnancies. Each gravida was classified by delivery weight as short, average, or tall. Mean infant birth weight paralleled increasing maternal delivery weight percent in all three height groups, although the effect was most pronounced among gravidas of short stature (r= +0.997). In that group, a 10% increase in delivery weight was reflected by an increase of 127 gm in mean infant birth weight. Among gravidas of average stature, a 10% increase in delivery weight resulted in an increase of 74 gm in mean infant birth weight (r= +0.983). A 10% increase in delivery weight among gravidas of tall stature resulted in an increase of 87 gm in mean infant birth weight (r= +0.938). The incidence of both severe and moderate intrauterine growth retardation was found to be inversely proportional to increasing delivery weight percent among gravidas of short and average stature. Adequate pregravid weight and liberal gains appeared to augment optimal growth in all gravidas studied but were of particular benefit to the infant of the short gravida.
Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the topical and transdermal drug delivery systems. The human stratum corneum acts as a barrier for the permeation of a number of active substances. This has limited the number of molecules commercially available as transcutaneous delivery systems. Various strategies have been employed over the past few decades to optimize drug delivery across the skin. Approaches based on supersaturation, eutectic mixtures, prodrugs, and ion pairing have been used with success to improve the transdermal delivery of several poorly permeable compounds. Liposomes have been used as carriers of steroids, antifungals, and vaccines for cutaneous delivery. A substantial database has been generated on chemical penetration enhancers over the past few years, and the search for the ideal enhancers has been the prime focus of many research groups. The efficacy of a passive approach to enhance transdermal drug delivery is known to diminish with increasing size of the active substance. Therefore, the limited potential of these passive techniques to facilitate the delivery of macromolecules has given way to various device-based physical enhancement techniques such as iontophoresis, electoporation, sonophoresis, and microneedles. Iontophoresis is a technique that involves application of low-intensity electric current to skin to enhance the permeation of therapeutic agents. In spite of the emergence of several aggressive active enhancement methods, the demand for passive transdermal technologies to deliver smaller molecules continues to prevail. The prime reason for this is their safety and efficacy during long-term treatment, resulting in improved patient acceptance and compliance compared to the physical enhancement techniques.
MIRVs Matter: Banning Hydra-Headed Missiles in a New START II Treaty

Nuclear multiple independently-targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) on global-range ballistic missiles are at once Cold War relics, unfinished business of the bilateral arms control regime, and potential threats to strategic stability if the United States and Russia find themselves in a nuclear crisis – a confrontation in which the use of nuclear weapons is a real possibility. By concentrating many warheads on single missiles that present attractive targets, in a crisis land-based MIRVs could undermine deterrence and incentivize shooting first. This article reviews the history of MIRVs and analyzes their limited and abortive regulation in the nuclear arms control legal regime. This article explains that reliance on MIRVs is growing in Russia and China, MIRVs may be fielded by Pakistan and India, and MIRVs could return to U.S. land-based ballistic missiles, at a time when the risk of conflict among nuclear powers is significant and could grow. Nuclear states have operational and cost-efficiency reasons for relying on MIRVs, and therefore it will be difficult to negotiate a partial or full ban. But the stakes dictate that MIRVs should be a top agenda item when the bilateral U.S.-Russian nuclear arms control process eventually resumes. Enhancing strategic stability, lowering potential costs of nuclear accidents, and improving prospects for convincing rising nuclear powers to forego MIRVs are all compelling reasons for Washington and Moscow to make every effort to negotiate a ban on hydra-headed nuclear missiles in a “New START II,” beginning with a ban on more than three warheads per land-based missile.
Diagnosis and treatment of postoperative intestinal perforation in infants and young children with congenital heart disease: A report of three cases

The aim of the present study was to analyze risk factors of intestinal perforation following surgery for the treatment of congenital heart disease in infants and young children, and to summarize experiences of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 3,270 children, who underwent congenital heart disease surgery under extracorporeal circulation from January 2010 to July 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. Among these children, three (0.09%) developed postoperative intestinal perforation. Primary diseases were Tetralogy of Fallot (two cases) and ventricular septal defect combined with atrial septal defect (one case). The age range of the children was 6-11 months and the weight range was 7.3-8.6 kg. Furthermore, these children underwent radical surgery under general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation in low temperatures. Abdominal symptoms appeared 4-10 days after surgery, and included poor appetite, abdominal distension, intermittent vomiting, high fever, refractory irritability, crying and shortness of breath. One case was confirmed by routine abdominal puncture and the remaining two were confirmed by the detection of free gas under the diaphragm, as revealed by abdominal X-ray. Following the diagnosis of intestinal perforation, emergency intestinal fistula surgery was performed. At 3-5 days post-surgery, the patients underwent treatment by fasting and intravenously administered parenteral nutrition. Diet was increased following recovery of bowel function. All patients recovered following active treatment and 3-4 months following hospital discharge, the fistula was successfully closed. In conclusion, a concerted effort should be made to identify intestinal perforation in infants and young children with postoperative congenital heart disease during emergency surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment may significantly improve prognosis and reduce mortality.
Analyses of Arterial Travel Times Based on Probe Data

This paper presents an analysis of arterial travel times based on AVI (automatic vehicle identification) data from vehicles that were equipped with toll tags. The source is a six-month experiment conducted on a small arterial network in upstate New York. Data were collected using wireless, solar-powered toll tag readers. The paper explores and examines trends by time of day, day of the week, and as affected by weather and other conditions. The results point toward the value of using such data for travel time prediction, travel time reliability monitoring, incident detection, and overall performance monitoring.
Mechanism of calcium action and release of vesicle-bound hormones during exocytosis.

Publisher Summary The term exocytosis is primarily an anatomic word—it is a term used to describe the release of zymogen granule contents from exocrine cells. The data supporting the concept have been mainly ultrastructural. This chapter describes the mechanism of calcium action and the release of vesicle-bound hormones during exocytosis. Calcium plays a critical role in regulating exocytosis both in the adrenal medulla and in a number of other systems. In particular, an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration often seems to be a prerequisite for secretion. Calcium might mediate the initial interaction between the storage organelle and the plasma membrane just prior to secretion. Calcium penetrates the presynaptic nerve terminal and elicits secretion over a time interval that is too short to allow calcium to diffuse more than a short distance from the plasma membrane. The chapter describes the investigations that have been made into the process of membrane breakage or fission that results in the release of secretory vesicle contents outside the cell.
Teletinnitus Program at the VA Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System

There are a multitude of reasons that a teletinnitus program can be beneficial, not only to the patients, but also within the hospital and audiology department. The ability to use technology for the purpose of tinnitus management allows for improved appointment access for all patients, especially those who live at a distance, has been shown to be more cost effective when the patients travel is otherwise monetarily compensated, and allows for multiple patient's to be seen in the same time slots, allowing for greater access to the clinic for the patients wishing to be seen in-house. There is also the patient's excitement in being part of a new technology-based program. The Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System (GCVHCS) saw the potential benefits of incorporating a teletinnitus program and began implementation in 2013. There were a few hurdles to work through during the beginning organizational process and the initial execution of the program. Since the establishment of the Teletinnitus program, the GCVHCS ...
Strength and Shrink/Swell Behavior of Highly Plastic Clay Treated with Geopolymer:

This paper presents findings from an experimental study in which a novel, non-energy intensive, environmentally-friendly stabilizer known as geopolymer was used for stabilization of a highly plasti...
Target-oriented diversity stacking for virtual-source imaging and monitoring

Abstract Interferometric virtual-source (VS) redatuming crosscorrelates downgoing waves with the corresponding upgoing waves to convert records from surface-source gathers to virtual gathers at the...
Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet photoemission without space charge

We present photoelectron spectroscopy experiments using an 88 MHz cavityenhanced high-harmonic source operating from 8 to 40 eV. Nanoampere space-charge free sample photo currents enable us to record time-resolved photoelectron spectra from weakly excited samples.
Human urothelial bladder cancer generates a clonal immune response: The results of T-cell receptor sequencing.

Abstract Background High T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire clonality is associated with clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade in bladder cancer. Objective To determine if TCR repertoire is more clonal in tumors than in benign inflammation. Methods We prospectively identified 12 patients with bladder lesions undergoing transurethral resection. Specimens were collected at time of transurethral resection and stored at −80C. DNA was extracted and high throughput DNA sequencing of the CDR3 region of the TCR beta chain using the immunoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies) was performed. T-cell fraction, clonal dominance, and maximum frequency of TCR clone were assessed. Results Of the 12 bladder lesions resected, 3 of 12 were cT0, 3 of 12 were cTa, 3 of 12 were cT1, and 3 of 12 were cT2 or greater. The median number of T cells in urothelial carcinoma specimens (UC+) and benign (UC−) specimens was 5,569 and 25,872, respectively. The number of unique TCRs sequenced in UC+ and UC− specimens was 3,069 and 9,680, respectively. The median tumor infiltrating lymphocyte percentage in UC+ and UC− specimens was 2% and 12%, respectively. The UC+ specimens demonstrated clonality as evidenced by identification of a specific T-cell clone being present in up to 17% of the total tumor infiltrating lymphocyte pool, in contrast to 2% among UC− specimens. Conclusions Primary urothelial tumors contain clonally expanded T-cell populations. These data support the hypothesis that bladder tumors induce an antigen-driven immunogenic host response, in contrast to the benign inflammatory response, which does not appear to demonstrate any T-cell clonal dominance.
DNA Origami Words and Rewriting Systems

We classify rectangular DNA origami structures according to their scaffold and staples organization by associating a graphical representation to each scaffold folding. Inspired by well studied Temperley-Lieb algebra, we identify basic modules that form the structures. The graphical description is obtained by ‘gluing’ basic modules one on top of the other. To each module we associate a symbol such that gluing of molecules corresponds to concatenating the associated symbols. Every word corresponds to a graphical representation of a DNA origami structure. A set of rewriting rules defines equivalent words that correspond to the same graphical structure. We propose two different types of basic module structures and corresponding rewriting rules. For each type, we provide the number of all possible structures through the number of equivalence classes of words. We also give a polynomial time algorithm that computes the shortest word for each equivalence class.
NCINM: a computational phantom-based dosimetry tool for patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures

1634 Background: Nuclear medicine techniques used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes make up about 25% of the per capita medical effective dosein the United States1. To make informed decisions for potential risk and benefit, a better understanding of the magnitude of radiation dose and health risk resulting from nuclear medicine procedures is crucial. However, existing organ dose estimation tools are limited to simplified human anatomy models or commercial programs. To fill the research gaps, we developed a new dose calculation tool using advanced anatomy models. Methods: We used the twelve National Cancer Institute pediatric and adult phantoms2 developed from patient images. Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAFs) were calculated for photon and electron on these phantoms for 68 source and 55 target regions using the MCNPX Monte Carlo radiation transport code3. S values were then derived from the SAFs for 299 radionuclides commonly used in nuclear medicine4. A graphical user interface-based computer program, named National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for Nuclear Medicine (NCINM) was finally developed to facilitate data input/output. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of our S values with those previously published for iodine-131 (Lamart et al.5 based on the ICRP reference adult phantoms6 and OLINDA/EXM 1.07 based on the ORNL stylized phantoms). Results: The ratios of our iodine-131 S values to those from Lamart et al. were on average 0.99±0.04σ and 0.98±0.03σ, respectively, for adult male and female phantoms in case of self-absorption within 8 major organs (adrenals, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and thyroid), and 0.79±0.46σ and 0.93±0.51σ, respectively, for adult male and female phantoms in case of cross-irradiation between these same organs. The ratios of our S values for iodine-131, technetium-99m and gallium-68 to those from OLINDA/EXM 1.0 were on average 0.91±0.15σ, 0.87±0.14σ, and 0.88±0.15σ over eight adult and pediatric phantoms, in case of self-absorption, and 1.34± 0.62σ, 1.48±0.82σ, and 1.36±0.62σ in case of cross-irradiation between the same organs, respectively. Conclusions: A good agreement was observed between iodine-131 S values calculated on realistic phantoms: the NCI phantom series vs. the ICRP 110 reference phantoms. Greater differences were, however, revealed in S values between the NCI phantoms (NCINM) and the stylized phantoms (OLINDA), especially for cross-irradiation, which emphasizes the impact of realistic human anatomy models on S values. The program will be useful for epidemiologic studies of risk and patient dose monitoring in nuclear medicine procedures. We are incorporating the S values based on the ICRP reference pediatric and adult phantoms into NCINM and plan to release the program free of charge for research purpose.
Standard-flow LC and thermal focusing ESI elucidates altered liver proteins in late stage Niemann-Pick, type C1 disease.

Aim: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, particularly with the development of nano-ESI, have been invaluable to our understanding of altered proteins related to human disease. Niemann–Pick, ty...
Needle Biopsy Sampling Techniques and Role of Multiparametric-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modality in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management

The clinicopathological characteristics of newly diagnosed prostate cancer have significantly changed due to widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening after its introduction in the late 1980s. The most remarkable change has been “stage migration” toward smaller volume disease at a younger age. The diagnosis of prostate cancer now is mostly triggered by an elevated or rising PSA rather than an abnormal digital rectal examination, resulting in a significant increase in the percentage of nonpalpable cancers (stage T1C) between 1988 and 1996 from 10% to 73%. With this trend, the prostate biopsy application and sampling techniques have also rapidly evolved. In 1989, the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided sextant prostate biopsy was introduced and rapidly became the standard over directed biopsies of hypoechoic lesions and palpable nodules. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that sextant biopsies could miss a significant number (up to 30%) of cancers because only a small percentage of prostates has a tumor distribution detectable with the paramedian template utilized by the sextant approach. Furthermore, sextant protocol tends to undersample certain areas of the prostate, such as “anterior horns” and the lateral aspects of the peripheral zone, where majority of prostate cancer arises. Recent studies suggested moving the biopsies more laterally to better sample the lateral aspects and anterior horns of the peripheral zones. This recommendation was supported by the zonal anatomy of the prostate as well as the origin of the tumor. Because approximately 80% of prostate cancers originate in the peripheral zone, extended biopsy templates that more extensively sample this region could improve the cancer detection rate.
Lifetime and Stability of Silicon Nitride Nanopores and Nanopore Arrays for Ionic Measurements.

Nanopores are promising for many applications including DNA sequencing and molecular filtration. Solid-state nanopores are preferable over their biological counterparts for applications requiring d...
Assessment of Kidney Function in Patients With Extreme Obesity: A Narrative Review

Objectives: To discuss the evidence and caveats associated with estimated and measured creatinine clearance (eClCr and mClCr) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR and mGFR) assessments of kidney fu...
Long-Term Hemodialysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We are living in extraordinary times. Basic activities of daily living have altered to incorporate new safety measures to prevent infection from a highly contagious and deadly virus. For those with CKD, on dialysis, or with a transplanted kidney, the world has become terrifying. Most patients
Demonstrating the Role of Osmosis in Diabetes Using Growing Spheres

“Hands-on inquiry” has become a buzzword in science education but does not have an exact definition for most practitioners. This leads to many different ideas of what inquiry should look like in the classroom, and researchers have discovered that just doing hands-on activities does not lead to deeper understanding. This is why it is important to incorporate the scientific practices of the Next Generation Science Standards into activities in the classroom, particularly designing an investigation and analyzing data. A new twist on a classic high school biology lab demonstrates how students can design and analyze their scientific investigation to draw conclusions and apply their new understanding to the human body. This activity also demonstrates how teachers can incorporate instructional material into an inquiry activity, since time constraints are a particular concern in the high school classroom.
Brachial Plexus Injury Significantly Increases Risk of Axillosubclavian Vessel Injury in Blunt Trauma Patients With Clavicle Fractures

BackgroundA national analysis of clavicle fractures is lacking and the risk of concomitant axillosubclavian vessel injury (ASVI) in patients with clavicle fractures is unknown. A minority of patien...
In Vivo Functional Analysis of Nonconserved Human lncRNAs Using a Humanized Mouse Model

LncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are transcripts that are at least 200 nucleotides long and lack any predicted coding potential. Whereas significant progress has been made in deciphering the function of mouse lncRNAs, critical gaps remain in understanding how human lncRNAs exercise their function in a physiological context. As most human lncRNAs are currently considered nonconserved and often do not have homologs in mouse, the technical bottleneck is the lack of a suitable model to study the physiological function. Chimeric mice with repopulated human hepatocytes have emerged as promising tools to study human-specific, liver enriched lncRNAs. Among all liver-specific humanized mouse models, TK-NOG is relatively easy to prepare and holds a higher repopulation rate for a prolonged period of time. In this chapter, we will illustrate how to establish humanized TK-NOG mice for in vivo analysis of human lncRNAs in detail.
Diet alters age-related remodeling of aortic collagen in mice susceptible to atherosclerosis

The following major observations were made in this study: 1) aortic adventitial collagen fibers become more longitudinally oriented with aging in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a chow diet; 2) ...
Mycoplasmas and the Dairy Industry

Mycoplasmal infections are of significant concern to dairy producers, and their concerns have energized changes in diagnosis, control, and prevention of the infections. Since management practices have significant impact on these infections, these practices need to be evaluated and adjustments made to coordinate them with the health measures to be applied. In this presentation, a historical and current review of health measures applied to mycoplasmal infections is extended with a look forward to future needs in this area. Deficiencies in the application of control measures are highlighted, and opportunities for better interventions are surveyed.