cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rivaroxaban Is an Effective and Well Tolerated Anti Thrombotic Agent in Patients on Lenalidomide Therapy and in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Patients with multiple myeloma are at high risk of thrombosis. Treatment with Lenalidomide increases this risk with venous thrombo embolic events (very common, ≥ 1/10) and myocardial infarction and stroke being common (≥ 1/100 to There is no published data exploring role of newer anticoagulants as anti thrombotic agents in multiple myeloma on Lenalidomide therapy. Rivaroxaban, an oral anti Xa inhibitor, is a newer anticoagulant which does not require INR monitoring and is licensed for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation and treatment of deep vein thrombosis / pulmonary embolism. This is a retrospective non randomised observational study which looked at cohort of myeloma patients at high risk of thrombosis and included patients on Lenalidomide. Follow up duration varied from 3 to 12 months. The cohort consisted of 7 patients, age range 53 to 86 years; 3 males, 4 females; dosage range 10 mg to 20 mg (guided by indication and adjusted for renal function). Indication for anti thrombotic treatment included: Deep Vein Thrombosis (n = 1), recurrent DVT (3), recurrent Pulmonary Embolism (2) and Atrial fibrillation (2). One patient had both recurrent DVT & PE. Of 7 patients, 5 were on treatment with Lenalidomide. Rivaroxaban was intended to continue long term whilst thromboembolic risks persisted. Rivaroxaban was well tolerated with only a single episode of minor bleed (oral mucosal) which resolved spontaneously. No new thromboembolic events were reported on treatment. All patients were able to continue on anti myeloma therapy (see table 1). These data indicate that Rivaroxaban is an effective and well tolerated anti thrombotic agent in patients on Lenalidomide therapy and in multiple myeloma thus providing an option to prolonged treatment with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin or oral vitamin K antagonists. Abstract 5095. Table . No Age Sex Diagnosis Indication eGFR / Platelet count Significant organ impairment Rivaroxaban Dosage Planned duration of treatment Bleeding Complications 1 75 M Myeloma DVT Lenalidomide N/N None 20 mg Until progression on Lenalidomide None 2 65 F Myeloma Bil PE N / 51 None 10 mg Long term None 3 86 M Myeloma AF Lenalidomide 33 / N None 15 mg Long term (dose as per renal fn) Minor bleeding oral mucosal – single episode 4 81 F Myeloma Recurrent DVT 35 / N Single kidney Prev stroke 15 mg Long term (dose as per renal fn) None 5 53 F Myeloma Rec DVT /PE Lenalidomide N / N None 20 mg Long term None 6 68 M Myeloma Rec DVT PS 3 to 4 For Len N / N End stage COPD 20 mg Long term Review as per organ impairment None 7 77 F Myeloma SSS /A F/PPM Lenalidomide N / N None 20 mg Long term None Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
From Stress–Strain Relations to Growth and Remodeling Theories: A Historical Reflection on Microstructurally Motivated Constitutive Relations

As noted early on by Y.C. Fung, one of the greatest needs in biomechanics is formulation of constitutive relations for tissues that experience multiaxial loading. Although most investigators today seek to glean ideas on constitutive formulations from the latest papers, there is often much to learn from the earliest papers wherein truly original ideas can be found. In this Chapter, I provide a brief historical reflection on the formulation of constitutive relations for cardiovascular tissues, with particular focus on contributions by Y. Lanir. In this way, we can recall seminal works upon which much of our field has been built as well as see how past work continues to influence constitutive formulations, even in frontier areas such as soft tissue growth and remodeling.
Molecular Biomarkers in Body Fluid Cytology

Specimens from the serous cavities are commonly submitted to cytology. Removal of excess fluid can be both diagnostic and therapeutic, and is easily performed with minimal patient risk. Malignancy (typically metastatic adenocarcinoma) may account for up to one in five effusions, and not uncommonly presents from an occult site. It is essential to correctly identify the origin of these malignancies through proper application of ancillary testing, since initial clinical decisions and therapeutic choices often rely heavily on cytopathologic assessments.
Bayesian Inference Dilemma in Medical Decision-Making: A Need for User-Friendly Probabilistic Reasoning Tools

The struggle with uncertainty among healthcare professionals about how to apply test results for risk stratification and diagnosis of patients was recently highlighted as a serious risk factor for diagnostic and medical decision-making errors in the 2015 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Improving Diagnosis in Health Care (1). The Bayes theorem is well recognized by trainees and caregivers as a statistical key for updating the probability of a patient event (e.g., disease) occurring as test result(s) become available, with consideration of the clinical performance characteristics (i.e., clinical sensitivity and specificity) of a test in the clinical context (i.e., prevalence of disease/health in a reference population). However, many trainees and caregivers struggle with the application of Bayes' theorem in clinical practice, suggesting a longstanding educational gap that can negatively impact medical decision-making and patient care. The IOM …
Mechanosensory signaling as a potential mode of communication during social interactions in fishes.

ABSTRACT Signals produced during social interactions convey crucial information about the sender9s identity, quality, reproductive state and social status. Fishes can detect near-body water movements via the mechanosensory lateral line system, and this sense is used during several common fish behaviors, such as schooling, rheotaxis and predator–prey interactions. In addition, many fish behaviors, such as aggressive lateral displays and reproductive body quivers, involve fin and body motions that generate water movements that can be detected by the lateral line system of nearby fish. This mechanosensory system is well studied for its role in obstacle avoidance and detection of inadvertent hydrodynamic cues generated during schooling and predator–prey interactions; however, little research has focused on the role of mechanosensory communication during social interactions. Here, we summarize the current literature on the use of mechanosensation-mediated behaviors during agonistic and reproductive encounters, as well as during parental care. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that mechanosensory signaling is an important but often overlooked mode of communication during conspecific social interactions in many fish species, and we highlight its importance during multimodal communication. Finally, we suggest potential avenues of future research that would allow us to better understand the role of mechanosensation in fish communication.
Individual-level factors associated with mental health in Rwandan youth affected by HIV/AIDS.

Purpose Prevention of mental disorders worldwide requires a greater understanding of protective processes associated with lower levels of mental health problems in children who face pervasive life stressors. This study aimed to identify culturally appropriate indicators of individual-level protective factors in Rwandan adolescents where risk factors, namely poverty and a history of trauma, have dramatically shaped youth mental health.
Quantitative Evaluation of Nanoshells as a Contrast Agent for Optical Coherence Tomography

We have quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of nanoshells to enhance the quality of optical coherence tomography images. Depending on concentration, nanoshells increased image signal intensities by up to 13 decibels.
Telerehabilitation booster sessions and remote patient monitoring in the management of chronic low back pain: A case series

ABSTRACTBackground: Improvements in chronic low back pain (CLBP) seen in physical therapy do not appear to be retained over the long term. Booster sessions have been proposed, but barriers exist to their implementation. Telerehabilitation (TR) and remote patient monitoring (RPM) may be ways to circumvent these barriers. The purpose of this case series was to describe the implementation of TR booster sessions and RPM in three patients with CLBP. Case Series: Three females with CLBP tracked their daily pain level and home exercise program adherence using a mobile phone application for 12 months following discharge from traditional face-to-face physical therapy. Synchronous audio and video TR booster sessions were conducted at months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Outcomes: All patients met their individual goals. They demonstrated excellent home exercise program adherence and self-efficacy. A temporary increase in pain was seen in all patients, but they managed solely with the TR booster sessions and without other health...
Predicting Successful Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device Through Meta-Regression

Objective To conduct meta-regression for the identification of clinically meaningful characteristics that can predict successful treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED). Methods Using the key word “Pipeline Embolization Device” and prespecified eligibility criteria, we searched PubMed and EMBASE and identified 105 original research articles (10,813 patients) published or in press (April 6, 2011, to December 31, 2016) focused on safety and/or effectiveness of PED. We constructed meta-regression models to identify predictors of 3 measures of PED treatment success, specifically rates of aneurysm occlusion, modified Rankin Scale score, and death. Rates were loge-transformed, and the adjusted R2 statistic was reported for each model. Results Aneurysm morphology and type accounted for substantial variation in 1-year aneurysm occlusion rate (14 studies with 689 patients; Radj2 = 88.91%). By contrast, predictors of 6-months aneurysm occlusion rate (aneurysm location, aneurysm type; 24 studies with 1321 patients; Radj2 = 31.67%) and aneurysm occlusion rate at unspecified follow-up time (year of publication, mean duration of angiographic follow-up; 34 studies with 1663 patients, Radj2 = 42.82%) accounted for less variability. Few predictors were identified for death rate (number of patients, aneurysm morphology; 34 studies with 6463 patients, Radj2 = 50.69%) or modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 (year of publication, mean age, aneurysm morphology; 14 studies with 556 patients, Radj2 = 100%). Conclusions Few clinically meaningful characteristics appear to be relevant as predictors of the selected measures of PED treatment success. Future studies should attempt to identify additional predictors while focusing on aneurysm morphology as a key predictor of PED outcomes.
El Bien Común en los inicios de la Compañía de Jesús: desde los primeros años hasta el pensamiento de Francisco Suárez

Jesuits have been accused, many times, of being a hybrid order: they are religious and secular at the same time, they are concern about the Gospel and also about economics, politics, science, etc. Where does this way to be come from? We think that the key to answer to this question lays on the Jesuit concern for the common good. This very idea is to be found in their foundational documents.
Evaluating the Effect of High RAP Content on Asphalt Mixtures and Binders Fatigue Behavior

One of the main concerns with the application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in the asphalt concrete pavement is fatigue cracking due to the stiffness increase with the addition of aged and stiff RAP binder. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatigue performance of asphalt binder and mixtures with different RAP percentages (0, 15, 25, 35 and 40 %). Among these, 35 and 40 % RAP mixes are considered as high RAP content. This study describes the results of laboratory fatigue response of asphalt mixtures and extracted binders containing RAP to define the effect of RAP on the fatigue performance. To achieve this objective, mixes and binders were tested using the beam fatigue test and the time-sweep test, respectively. Test results were analyzed using two different fatigue approaches, reduction in stiffness and dissipated energy criteria. Results showed that a higher initial stiffness and initial dissipated energy initiate the fatigue failure faster. Since both binders and mixes show an increase in the stiffness and energy consumed per loading cycle with the addition of RAP, resulting mixes containing higher RAP have a very short fatigue life. Also, the fatigue endurance limit decreases drastically with the addition of RAP in the mix. The results comparing two different RAP sources showed that the RAP source has more prominent effect on the mix fatigue performance than the binder fatigue performance. Finally, the traditional fatigue life prediction model is modified to incorporate the effect of RAP in the fatigue equation. The modified regression model predicted reasonable fatigue life of the mixture with a coefficient of determination (R2) close to 1. The measured and predicted fatigue life results were found close to each other for both mix and binder containing RAP.
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE | Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare multisystem disease affecting women, is characterized by cystic lung disease and abdominal tumors (e.g., angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and lymphangioleiomyomas). Proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells (LAM cells) is observed throughout the lung, along axial lymphatics in the thorax and abdomen, and in AMLs. Patients can present with progressive dyspnea, recurrent pneumothoraces, hemoptysis, chylous pleural effusions, and/or ascites. Diagnosis may be made by lung biopsy or by clinical and roentgenographic data. LAM occurs sporadically or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 and/or TSC2. LAM cells from sporadic LAM patients contain TSC mutations. TSC1 encodes hamartin, a protein with a role in cell adhesion; TSC2 encodes tuberin, a protein involved in cell-cycle progression and control of cell growth and proliferation, in part, through its regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The natural course of LAM is highly variable. Therapy includes hormonal manipulations, bronchodilators, supplemental oxygen, and lung transplantation. Clinical trials are under way to study the effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR.
Using Recreation Specialization to Understand Conservation Support

Previous empirical research has not provided definitive support for an association between participation in outdoor recreation activities and conservation attitudes and behaviors. This paper explor...
Penetration of Antifungal Antimicrobics into Human Fibrin Clots

It is possible that the physical state of dispersion of antimicrobials in aqueous systems, i.e., as a colloidal suspension or a true solution, may influence distribution in the body and access to infecting microorganisms. A case in point is infective candidal endocarditis. It is rarely cured by treatment with amphotericin B (AMB) alone [4, 11, 13], an antimicrobial which is almost always candidacidal with in vitro testing at concentrations attainable in the blood of patients [5, 7]. Because AMB is applied in therapy as a colloidal suspension [3], it is possible that the micellar aggregates may not pass into vegetations well enough to achieve the candidacidal concentrations necessary for cure. Support for consideration of this possibility was gained from the report of Rubenstein et al. [12], which stated that Candida parapsilosis persisted as viable in vegetations excised from a patient with endocarditis, despite prolonged immersion in high concentrations of AMB. On the other hand, drugs which form true solutions might penetrate vegetations freely.
Effects of relevant ammonium chloride concentrations on biomass and off-flavor compound production by Streptomyces luridiscabiei originating from a recirculating aquaculture system

The preharvest off-flavors “earthy” and “musty” can occur in fish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) rendering them unpalatable and unmarketable. These off-flavors are due to the acc...
Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces

Molecules adsorbed by a substrate may be held firmly at certain spots by strong chemical forces, or even by physical forces that, although comparatively weaker, are yet sufficiently greater than the desorption force endowed on the molecule by its thermal energy. Molecules that answer this description are said to be localized. Should the thermal energy be sufficiently great to counteract localization, yet not sufficiently great to cause complete desorption, the adsorbed molecules may be able to glide along the surface, overcoming small energy barriers to surface diffusion as they move from spot to spot. Molecules corresponding to this description are said to be mobile.
Attributional Uncertainty Affecting Sustained Performance

We propose that a largely unrecognized type of uncertainty – “attributional uncertainty” – occurs at the middle managerial level and has significant implications for sustained firm performance. Att...
An Estimation of Ramberg-Osgood Constants for Materials with and without Luder’s Strain Using Yield and Ultimate Strengths

Abstract Tensile stress-strain curves for metallic materials typically show two different behaviors viz. with Luder’s strain and without Luder’s strain. Recently, Kamaya [1] proposed a method to estimate the true stress -true strain curve using a certain plastic strain together with yield and ultimate strengths. Kamaya’s method however, is not accurate enough for materials exhibiting Luder’s strain in their engineering stress-strain behavior. Hence, the aim of this paper is to propose a generalization of the Kamaya’s method for the materials with and without Luder’s strains. This new generalized approach uses plastic strain value corresponding to the Luder’s strain along with engineering yield strength and ultimate tensile strength to estimate the strain hardening exponent in the Ramberg-Osgood type of true stress - true strain relationship. The new approach was applied to 16 different materials with and without Luder’s strain to validate the proposed estimation procedure. In addition, an inverse method for assessing an apparent ultimate tensile stress (stress at “an apparent” point of zero slope in an engineering stress-strain curve) for materials with low ductility due to quenching or carburizing is also suggested.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Beneficial Microbes in the Environment

The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV visible spectroscopic analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscope. The antimicrobial activity of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles was determined against two bacteria ( Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens ) and two fungi ( Aspergillus niger and Penicilluim chrysogenum ) by well diffusion method. Our study shows that silver nitrate as the bulk material behind the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is toxic whereas silver nanoparticles are less toxic to beneficial microbes in the environment.
A spatial analysis of the ownership of alternative fuel and hybrid vehicles

Abstract Understanding the ownership of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and advanced powertrain vehicle technologies is critical for transitioning to low Carbon. This study explores the choices made by early adopters of AFVs. To identify the ownership behavior of early adopters and their attributes, this study uses the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data. This study contributes by providing new evidence about spatial heterogeneity in consumer preferences for AFVs in space using the most recent travel behavior data. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is used to explore the spatially varying correlates of AFV ownership. Results reveal significant spatial variations in the associations of AFV ownership and key factors across the United States. For example, high-income households in Southeastern or Northwestern states are more likely to own an AFV. Seniors are with a greater likelihood of owning an AFV relative to young adults, especially in Northeastern and Northwestern states. The effectiveness of incentives is uneven across different states. The incentives are more effective in Florida than in other parts of the country. The number of alternative fuel stations is positively related to AFV ownership. Other spatially varying correlates are related to household size, education, daily trip distance, and online shopping behavior. The spatial modeling applied in this study is a rigorous analytic technique that researchers and practitioners can use to identify local correlates of AFV ownership. The intended outcome of the study is to provide information about consumer preferences regarding owning AFVs, which can potentially impact our transition to a low Carbon economy.
Inputs to Thirst and Drinking during Water Restriction and Rehydration.

Current models of afferent inputs to the brain, which influence body water volume and concentration via thirst and drinking behavior, have not adequately described the interactions of subconscious homeostatic regulatory responses with conscious perceptions. The purpose of this investigation was to observe the interactions of hydration change indices (i.e., plasma osmolality, body mass loss) with perceptual ratings (i.e., thirst, mouth dryness, stomach emptiness) in 18 free-living, healthy adult men (age, 23 ± 3 y; body mass, 80.09 ± 9.69 kg) who participated in a 24-h water restriction period (Days 1–2), a monitored 30-min oral rehydration session (REHY, Day 2), and a 24-h ad libitum rehydration period (Days 2–3) while conducting usual daily activities. Laboratory and field measurements spanned three mornings and included subjective perceptions (visual analog scale ratings, VAS), water intake, dietary intake, and hydration biomarkers associated with dehydration and rehydration. Results indicated that total water intake was 0.31 L/24 h on Day 1 versus 2.60 L/24 h on Day 2 (of which 1.46 L/30 min was consumed during REHY). The increase of plasma osmolality on Day 1 (297 ± 4 to 299 ± 5 mOsm/kg) concurrent with a body mass loss of 1.67 kg (2.12%) paralleled increasing VAS ratings of thirst, desire for water, and mouth dryness but not stomach emptiness. Interestingly, plasma osmolality dissociated from all perceptual ratings on Day 3, suggesting that morning thirst was predominantly non-osmotic (i.e., perceptual). These findings clarified the complex, dynamic interactions of subconscious regulatory responses with conscious perceptions during dehydration, rehydration, and reestablished euhydration.
Abstract 1820: Art1, an extracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is upregulated in response to cellular stress and promotes lung cancer growth

Cell surface mono-ADP ribosyltransferases (ARTs) transfer the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD to amino acid residues on target proteins and post-translationally regulate their function. Most mammalian ARTs are extracellular with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. ARTs can target cell surface proteins on bystander cells or soluble proteins in the tumor microenvironment, particularly P2RX7 on T cells1. We hypothesized that an evolutionarily conserved parallel protective role may be provided by ART1 expression in lung cancer cells, particularly during times of cellular stress2. A mouse KP1 lung tumor cell line with ART1 expression was established from KRASG12D/P53-/- mice and transduced with shRNA targeting ART1 (KP1-sh) or an empty vector (KP1-ev). For in vitro studies, KP1 WT cells were treated with an ER stress inducer thapsigargin, with radiation, or with chemotherapy. Using human materials, we evaluated ART1 expression in NSCLC tumors by whole tumor RT-PCR/RNAseq, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). For evaluation of tumor growth in immune competent models, KP1 cells were injected into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice into the flank or intravenously to generate orthotopic lung tumors. Following in vitro treatment with thapsigargin, expression of ART1 increased 11.8-fold in KP1 WT cells (24 hrs). Similarly, following radiation (8Gy x 3,) ART1 expression increased 1.93-fold by RT-PCR and surface protein expression increased by 1.87 fold (p 1. PMID: 7930612 2. PMID: 25292337 Citation Format: Sumit Mukherjee, Erik Wennerberg, Clarey Hung, Najla Saadallah, Shashi Kariyawasam, Christopher Agrusa, Amanda Valeta, Nasser Altorki, Timothy McGraw, Sandra Demaria, Brendon Stiles. Art1, an extracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is upregulated in response to cellular stress and promotes lung cancer growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1820.
Dissemination of information during public health crises: early COVID-19 data from The Laryngoscope.

OBJECTIVES: During a public health crisis, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. This review reports and analyzes The Laryngoscope's publication trends and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and during previous pandemics. METHODS: Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope) was performed. COVID-19 manuscripts (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 4 months of the pandemic) were identified and compared to manuscripts pertaining to historic pandemics (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 2 years of each outbreak). Keywords included "The Laryngoscope," "flu," "pandemic," "influenza," "SARS," "severe acute respiratory syndrome," "coronavirus," "COVID-19," and "SARS-CoV-2." Data were obtained from The Laryngoscope to characterize publication trends during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: From March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, The Laryngoscope had 203 COVID-19 submissions. As of July 8, 2020, 20 (9.9%) were accepted, 117 (57.6%) under review, and 66 (32.5%) rejected. During the first 4 months of the pandemic, 18 COVID-19 manuscripts were published. Mean number of days from submission to online publication was 45, compared to 170 in 2018 and 196 in 2019. A total of 4 manuscripts concerning previous pandemics were published during the initial 2 years of each outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID-19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer-review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID-19-related publications available as quickly as possible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Operationalizing alliance rupture-repair events using control chart methods.

This study aimed to determine how control charts-a form of time-series line graphs-can be implemented in psychotherapy research to indirectly identify probable rupture-repair episodes that are associated with psychotherapy outcome. There is no current standard in psychotherapy research with regard to how to use control charts to identify rupture-repair events. Control charts were generated for each patient (N = 73) using patient-rated Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) scores obtained at the end of every session in a 30-session therapy protocol of either brief relational therapy (BRT) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Empirically derived cut-off points were used to identify rupture and repair based on each dyad's control chart. Coded rupture-repair episodes were correlated with outcome measures to assess for their relationships. The results of these analyses provide preliminary support for the utility of control charts in psychotherapy research for the indirect identification of probable rupture repair events that are associated with psychotherapy outcome.
Characterizations of student, instructor, and textbook discourse related to basis and change of basis in quantum mechanics

In the context of quantum mechanics, students' discourse shared more commonalities with that of their instructors than the discourse used in their textbook, which suggests development of a shared social language.
Testing and Testable Design of High-Density Random-Access Memories

List of Figures. List of Tables. About the Authors. Foreword. Preface. Symbols and Notation. 1. Introduction. 2. Electrical Testing of Faults. 3. Functional Fault Modeling and Testing. 4. Technology and Layout-Related Testing. 5. Built-In Self-Testing and Design for Testability. 6. Conclusion. A: Glossary. B: Commercial RAM Data. C: Market for RAMs. References. Index.
Krüppel-like factor 6 protects the podocyte from mitochondrial injury under cell stress

The primary etiology of chronic kidney disease is a direct consequence of initial glomerular dysfunction. Podocytes (visceral glomerular epithelial cells) in normal mature kidneys are regarded as h...
Transatlantic Picture Stories: Experiments in the Antebellum American Comic Strip

It is widely assumed that the American comic strip “begins” in the 1890s with the multipanel sequences appearing in Sunday newspapers. This essay challenges this periodization by looking to an archive of humor magazines from the 1850s and 60s. As early as 1852, artists including Frank Bellew, John McLenan, and Augustus Hoppin experimented with the multipanel sequences they encountered in the Francophone “picture story.” However, rather than replicating the Francophone genre, these artists sought to adapt it in ways that conveyed the rhythms and cadences of everyday American life. What emerges from this study is a newly coherent picture of recurring forms, conventions, and themes that constitute a distinctively American style of comic strip. From one perspective, this is a record of visual conventions that would dominate twentieth- and twenty-first-century comics. But it is also a history of visual languages that failed to take hold—lost literacies and potential trajectories in American comics.
Mobilizing Judicial Resources: The Information Theory in Action

This is chapter in a book, "The Judicial Power of the Purse: How Courts Fund National Defense in Times of Crisis." The book manuscript investigates federal judges' hidden financial powers and sets forth a theory for how, why, and when judges will exercise their budgetary authority in times of foreign policy crisis. This chapter is one of several empirical components of the manuscript and presents quantitative data indicating that judges seek both to increase and decrease the level of resources moving into the national government's coffers depending on the cues received from the elected branches of government and the nature of the pending crisis. Relying on an original dataset and thousands of taxation cases in the U.S. Supreme Court, the study uncovers evidence that that justices systematically supported the government both before and after the cold war, but withheld resources during the major deployments that took place during the cold war period. Notably, however, the justices were willing to redirect monies into the hands of the government even during the cold war, but only when the elected branches, themselves, increased the size of the defense budget. The data with respect to other areas of the law and in the lower federal courts are not as striking, and indeed, do not supply evidence that the judges utilize their financial powers in any systematic or predictable fashion.
Continuous room‐temperature photopumped laser operation of modulation‐doped AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs superlattices

The low‐threshold continuous room‐temperature laser operation of a photopumped metalorganic chemical vapor deposition AlxGa1−x As‐GaAs superlattice is described. The superlattice, a bare superlattice without cladding or confining layers, consists of 25 140‐A AlxGa1−x As (x∼0.3) coupling barriers doped to a level nd ∼7×1017/cm3 and 25 alternating undoped 140‐A GaAs quantum wells. Low‐temperature data (77 K) are presented indicating that the threshold for phonon‐assisted recombination occurs near the excitation level at which the excess carrier density approaches the built‐in carrier density ∼7×1017/cm3 of the superlattice.
Orbit Optimization and Scattering Coefficient Analysis for the Proposed Gloria System

This paper investigates the optimization of an orbit for a Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite for coastal coverage over Antarctic and United States shorelines as part of the Geostationary/Low-Earth Orbiting Radar Image Acquisition (GLORIA) System. Simulations over a range of orbital parameters are performed to determine the optimal orbit. Scattering coefficients are computed for the optimal orbit throughout the day and characterized to compare various scenarios for which link budget comparisons could then be made.
Positive selection is limited by available peptide-dependent MHC conformations.

Recent data suggest that the diversity of self peptides presented in the thymus during development contributes to positive selection of a diverse T cell repertoire. We sought to determine whether a previously defined “hole in the immunological repertoire” could be explained by the absence of an appropriate selecting self peptide. The repertoire defect in question is the inability of bm8 mice to make an H-2K-restricted response to OVA. Like other OVA-specific, H-2K-restricted receptors, OT-I-transgenic T cells are not positively selected in bm8 mice. Using criteria we had previously established for identifying positive selection ligands, we found peptides that could restore positive selection of OT-I thymocytes in bm8 mice. Thus, the T cell repertoire can be limited by a requirement for specific self peptides during development. Data with MHC-specific Abs suggested that peptides might be able to force MHC residues to adopt different conformations in K b vs K bm8 . This shows that peptides can potentially contribute to ligand diversity both directly (via variability in the solvent-exposed side chains) and indirectly (through their effect on the MHC conformation). Our data support a model where self peptide diversity allows selection of T cells specific for a broad range of MHC conformations.
Stirling Numbers of Forests and Cycles

For a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, the graphical Stirling number $S(G,k)$ is the number of partitions of the vertex set of $G$ into $k$ non-empty independent sets. Equivalently it is the number of proper colorings of $G$ that use exactly $k$ colors, with two colorings identified if they differ only on the names of the colors. If $G$ is the empty graph on $n$ vertices then $S(G,k)$ reduces to $S(n,k)$, the familiar Stirling number of the second kind. In this note we first consider Stirling numbers of forests. We show that if $(F^{c(n)}_n)_{n\geq 0}$ is any sequence of forests with $F^{c(n)}_n$ having $n$ vertices and $c(n)=o(\sqrt{n/\log n})$ components, and if $X^{c(n)}_n$ is a random variable that takes value $k$ with probability proportional to $S(F^{c(n)}_n,k)$ (that is, $X^{c(n)}_n$ is the number of classes in a uniformly chosen partition of $F^{c(n)}_n$ into non-empty independent sets), then $X^{c(n)}_n$ is asymptotically normal, meaning that suitably normalized it tends in distribution to the standard normal. This generalizes a seminal result of Harper on the ordinary Stirling numbers. Along the way we give recurrences for calculating the generating functions of the sequences $(S(F^c_n,k))_{k \geq 0}$, show that these functions have all real zeroes, and exhibit three different interlacing patterns between the zeroes of pairs of consecutive generating functions. We next consider Stirling numbers of cycles. We establish asymptotic normality for the number of classes in a uniformly chosen partition of $C_n$ (the cycle on $n$ vertices) into non-empty independent sets. We give a recurrence for calculating the generating function of the sequence $(S(C_n,k))_{k \geq 0}$, and use this to give a direct proof of a log-concavity result that had previously only been arrived at in a very indirect way.
Interpreting tandem mass spectra of peptides

A brief tutorial is presented for manually determining peptide sequences from low energy collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectra. Peptide fragmentations are described, including a discussion of the influence of “mobile protons” in the production of fragment ions. Ambiguities inherent in deriving peptide sequences from mass spectra are described, and two examples are presented. Keywords: tandem mass spectrometry; peptide sequencing; low energy collision induced dissociation; tryptic peptides; ion trap; quadrupole time-of-flight hybrid
Multiple input floating-gate MOS differential amplifiers and applications for analog computation

A multiple input differential amplifier using multiple control gate Floating-Gate MOSFETs as input transistors is presented. A model for the multiple control gate Floating-Gate MOSFET is developed. Potential applications of the amplifier for analog computation are discussed. The chip was fabricated in a standard double-poly CMOS process. UV light is used to remove charge from the floating gate which causes an offset. >
Hazards inherent in interdisciplinary behavioral research.

Many, if not all, questions in biology and psychology today were formulated and considered in depth, though typically in a different language, from the 1700's to the early 1900's. However, because of politics or fashion, some topics fell out of favor or failed to recruit new scientists and hence languished. Despite greatly expanded scholarship in the history of the life sciences in the twentieth century, many such topics have had to be rediscovered in recent years, while much of the wisdom already accrued stays in the older literature and not in active minds. This is particularly true today when scientific advances appear at breakneck speed. It would not be an exaggeration to say that many ‘breakthroughs’ turn out really to be rediscoveries of forgotten observations. Two areas of particular significance to the interdisciplinary study of behavior are the Norms of Reaction (from Biology) and the concept of Plasticity (from Psychology). These and related fields benefit from the perspective of epigenetics so long as rigorous operational definitions are implemented. It is also important to revive Hogben's admonition that the interaction of hereditary and environment cannot be understood outside of the context of development. Five examples of increasing complexity in phenotypic plasticity in brain and behavior are presented to illustrate this perspective.
Macroeconomic trade-offs and external vulnerabilities of human development in Nicaragua

Nicaragua is making progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, but is set to miss a number of targets in 2015. This paper’s general equilibrium analysis shows that it is unfeasible for the government to step up spending in order to meet these targets by the 2015 deadline. Any boost to public spending and financing would have to be front-loaded, which would entail pernicious macroeconomic trade-offs. A more realistic scenario would be to postpone meeting the goals until 2020. In that case, the allocation of public spending would spur economic growth without causing macroeconomic hardships, although the country would nevertheless remain highly vulnerable to external shocks.
Subevent location and rupture imaging using iterative backprojection for the 2011 Tohoku Mw 9.0 earthquake

SUMMARY Knowledge of the rupture speed and spatial–temporal distribution of energy radiation of earthquakes is important for earthquake physics. Backprojection of teleseismic waves is commonly used to image the rupture process of large events. The conventional backprojection method typically performs temporal and spatial averaging to obtain reliable rupture features. We present an iterative backprojection method with subevent signal stripping to determine the distribution of subevents (large energy bursts) during the earthquake rupture. We also relocate the subevents initially determined by iterative backprojection using the traveltime shifts from subevent waveform cross-correlation, which provides more accurate subevent locations and source times. A bootstrap approach is used to assess the reliability of the identified subevents. We apply this method to the Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan using array data in the United States. We identify 16 reliable subevents in the frequency band 0.2–1 Hz, which mostly occurred around or west of the hypocentre in the downdip region. Analysis of Tohoku aftershocks shows that depth phases can often produce artefacts in the backprojection image, but the position and timing of our main shock subevents are inconsistent with depth-phase artefacts. Our results suggest a complicated rupture with a component of bilateral rupture along strike. The dominant energy radiation (between 0.2 and 1 Hz) is confined to a region close to the hypocentre during the first 90 s. A number of subevents occurred around the hypocentre in the first 90 s, suggesting a low initial rupture speed and repeated rupture or slip near thehypocentre.Therupturereachedthecoastalregionabout106kmnorthwestofthehypocentreat43sandtheregionabout110kmnorthofthehypocentreat105swithanorthwardrupture speed ∼2.0 kms −1 at 60–110 s. After 110 s, a series of subevents occurred about 120–220 km southwest of the hypocentre, consistent wit ha3k ms −1 along-strike rupture speed. The abundant high-frequency radiation in the downdip region close to the coast suggests intermittent rupture probably in the brittle–ductile transition zone. The lack of high-frequency radiation in the updip region suggests the rupture near the trench was more continuous, probably due to more homogeneous frictional properties of the shallow slab interface. The lack of early aftershocks in the updip region indicates that most of the accumulated slip in the updip region during the interseismic period was probably released during the main shock.
Inhibition of CaCO3 Precipitation From Brine Solutions: A New Flow System for High-Temperature and -Pressure Studies

The study of calcium carbonate (CaCO/sub 3/) scale inhibition in geopressured energy systems has led to the development of a flow system with high temperature and pressure capability. A high-pressure (performance) liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was modified by the addition of a backpressure valve and by bypassing the HPLC packed column. Solution mixing and temperature are computer-controlled, and CaCO13B precipitation is monitored by in-line pH measurement. Simulated and real brine samples were used to evaluate scale inhibitors, and CaCO/sub 3/ precipitation was related to the saturation index, I/sub s/.
Screening of fluorine-containing compounds for acute toxicity.

Abstract The maximal tolerated dose and the minimal lethal dose in mice are estimated for a series of twenty flucrine-containing organic compounds, four inorganic compounds of fluorine, and three nonfluorine-containing organic compounds.
On When a Separable Field Extension in Characteristic p > 0 Is Determined by Its Frobenius Structure, II*

Let G c Aut,( V) be a subgroup of automorphisms of a finite-dimensional vector space V over a field k. A vector u E I’ is said to be a G-orbit basis generator for V if the set G(u) is a linear basis for I’. In this paper we continue the study begun in [Rl, R2] of the following question: If U, U are G-orbit basis generators for V then when are the stabilizers G, and G, conjugate? The conjugacy question is a more general formulation of a question concerning finite-dimensional separable field extensions E, F over an infinite field k of characteristic p > 0. Let k be a field of characteristic p > 0 and suppose E and F are n-dimensional separable field extensions of k. Recall that the associative structure of any commutative algebra A over k affords A a restricted Lie (Frobenius) structure Y(A) by [ab] =0 and aCpl =up for a, h E A. A natural question to ask about the pair E and F is the following: If Z(E) and Z(F) are isomorphic Lie algebras, then when are E and F isomorpic field extensions? Suppose P(E) N P(F). It does not necessarily follow that E = F;
Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies and the Evolution of Galaxies and Active Galaxies

Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) are intriguing due to their continuum as well as emission line properties. The observed peculiar properties of the NLS1s are believed to be due to accretion rate close to Eddington limit. As a consequence, for a given luminosity, NLS1s have smaller black hole (BH) masses compared to normal Seyfert galaxies. Here we argue that NLS1s might be Seyfert galaxies in their early stage of evolution and as such may be low redshift, low luminosity analogues of high redshift quasars. We propose that NLS1s may reside in rejuvenated, gas rich galaxies. The also argue in favor of collisional ionization for production of FeII in active galactic nuclei (AGN).
An Investigation of the Equal Commission Rate Policy for a Multi-Product Salesforce

For a multi-product sales force, the policy of paying commissions as an equal percentage of realized gross margins is shown to be in general, nonoptimal from the firm's profit maximization point of view. For a homogeneous salesforce, the nonoptimality results from the fact that earlier research while taking into account the effect of commission rates on a salesperson's allocations of total time to the multiple products, has not incorporated the effect of commission rates on salesperson's total selling time resulting from his/her trading off income vs. total time to maximize utility. The equal commission rate policy is, however, optimal for the cases of i salesperson with a fixed total selling time and a minimum income requirement and ii "fair-income" salesperson whose total selling time is merely a function of income and not based on rate of change of income as in the utility maximization case. If the salesforce is heterogeneous e.g., different salespersons have differing sales responses to selling time this makes the equal commission rate policy to be, in general, nonoptimal even for the restrictive cases i and ii. It is suggested that the commission rates be set higher for products with greater elasticities relating quantities sold to selling times. The common practice of paying commissions as a percentage of total dollar sales rather than gross margins is shown to be optimal under certain assumptions.
Stresses in shallow axisymmetric shells using a casting procedure: Authors describe semiexperimental method of determining bending and membrane stresses in shallow thin shells of revolution experiencing large axisymmetrical deflections. Calculations proceed from radial slope measurements on epoxy castings of the deflected and undeflected shell surfaces

Normal and radial displacements of a shallow thin sheil of revolution are related by theoretical considerations. Radial displacements are calculated from slope measurements on the generatrices of the initial shell surface (before loading) and of the final shell surface (after loading). Membrane and bending stresses over the entire shell surface are then computed from the measured slope values and the calculated radial displacements.