cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation in Acute Care Rehabilitation and 30-Day Hospital Readmission or Mortality in Adult Patients With Pneumonia.

Importance Pneumonia often leads to functional decline during and after hospitalization and is a leading cause of hospital readmissions. Physical and occupational therapists help improve functional mobility and may be of help in this population. Objective To evaluate whether use of physical and occupational therapy in the acute care hospital is associated with 30-day hospital readmission risk or death. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included the electronic health records and administrative claims data of 30 746 adults discharged alive with a primary or secondary diagnosis of pneumonia or influenza-related conditions from January 1, 2016, to March 30, 2018. Patients were treated at 12 acute care hospitals in a large health care system in western Pennsylvania. Data for this study were analyzed from September 2019 through March 2020. Exposures Number of physical and occupational therapy visits during the acute care stay categorized as none, low (1-3), medium (4-6), or high (>6). Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were 30-day hospital readmission or death. Generalized linear mixed models were estimated to examine the association of therapy use and outcomes, controlling for patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients older than 65 years, for patients with low functional mobility scores, for patients discharged to the community, and for patients discharged to a post–acute care facility (ie, skilled nursing or inpatient rehabilitation facility). Results Of 30 746 patients, 15 507 (50.4%) were men, 26 198 (85.2%) were White individuals, and the mean (SD) age was 67.1 (17.4) years. The 30-day readmission rate was 18.4% (5645 patients), the 30-day death rate was 3.7% (1146 patients), and the rate of either outcome was 19.7% (6066 patients). Relative to no therapy visits, the risk of 30-day readmission or death decreased as therapy visits increased (1-3 visits: odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89-1.08; 4-6 visits: odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-1.01; >6 visits: odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.98). The association was stronger in the subgroup with low functional mobility and in individuals discharged to a community setting. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the number of therapy visits received was inversely associated with the risk of readmission or death. The association was stronger in the subgroups of patients with greater mobility limitations and those discharged to the community.
A Conceptual Replication Study of the Enhanced Core Reading Instruction MTSS-Reading Model:

States are increasingly recommending that districts and schools use multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) to improve reading outcomes for all students. States have also suggested MTSS is a viable ...
Accelerated-Gradient-Based Flexible-Object Transport With Decentralized Robot Teams

This letter addresses the rapid transport of flexible objects without increasing deformation, from one position to another, using a decentralized robotic team, rather than using a single large robot. However, current decentralized control theories do not ensure that the robot responses will remain cohesive (i.e., all robots move in a similar manner) during the transport process. This can lead to potentially large distortion, internal stress and damage when transporting sensitive objects. The main contribution of this work is to use an accelerated-gradient-based approach for faster transport without increasing the object deformation. Alternatively, for the same transport time, the approach allows the reduction of the object deformation. An advantage is that the proposed gradient-based approach can be implemented using an accelerated delayed self reinforcement (A-DSR) approach that requires only local force sensing by each robot, without additional inter-robot communication. Comparative experimental results, with and without A-DSR, show reduction in deformations by 60% for the same transport time, and a reduction of 59% in transport time for the same level of object deformation.
Evolution: How Flowers Switch from Nectar to Oil as a Pollinator Reward.

When flowers provide nectar, they can count on visits, and potential pollen transport, by many kinds of nectar-drinking animals. Yet, some flowers instead offer fatty oils that certain specialized bees gather with their forelegs. A recent study reveals how such a switch occurred and may have contributed to the formation of a new species.
Problems: Trigonometric Equations and Identities

In this chapter, the basic and advanced problems of trigonometric equations and trigonometric identities are presented. The subjects include trigonometric equations, trigonometric identities, domain, range, period, sine and cosine identities, tangent and cotangent identities, half angle formulas, reciprocal identities, Pythagorean identities, sum and difference to product formulas, product to sum formulas, even and odd formulas, periodic formulas, sum to product formulas, double angle formulas, degrees to radians formulas, cofunction formulas, unit circle, inverse trigonometric functions, inverse properties, alternate notation, and domain and range of inverse trigonometric functions. To help students study the chapter in the most efficient way, the problems are categorized based on their difficulty levels (easy, normal, and hard) and calculation amounts (small, normal, and large). Moreover, the problems are ordered from the easiest problem with the smallest computations to the most difficult problems with the largest calculations.
CON: Testing for ESBL production is unnecessary for ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales

Phenotypic testing for Enterobacterales that harbour ESBLs is not additive to accurate in vitro β-lactam MICs for clinical decision-making. ESBL testing is an outdated practice established in an era of higher cephalosporin breakpoints to prevent resistant Enterobacterales carrying Ambler class A β-lactamases with affinity for later-generation β-lactams from being reported as susceptible to later-generation cephalosporins, leading to clinical failures. ESBL testing is problematic because of inaccuracies when multiple classes of β-lactamases are produced by the same organism, thus limiting the testing application to specific species and resistance types. Clinical laboratories should instead focus finite resources on accurate susceptibility testing using contemporary interpretative criteria to help guide therapeutic decisions. With continued emergence of antimicrobial resistance and in the setting of accurate susceptibility testing and current breakpoints the use of ESBL phenotypic testing is not helpful in clinical decision-making.
The Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation is Alive and Well, It's Interpretation? Not So Much

Using data from 1980 through 2005, and implementations of the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM), this study consistently generates positive intertemporal risk-return relations within venture capital markets. During the first five years of business, venture capitalists (VCs) are shown to be risk averse, and are characterized by a Coefficient of Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) estimated at about 2.75. From the sixth year of business onwards, VCs are characterized by CRRAs that are no higher than 1.91. Combination of rigorous theoretical and empirical evidence establishes that CRRAs less than or equal to 2.00 are evidence for risk seeking preferences. The CRRA for the representative risk bearing agent who aggregates preferences of risk averse and risk seeking agents is shown to aggregate to 3.59. This outcome, to wit, a higher CRRA (3.59) for an agent who aggregates risk averse and risk seeking preferences, in relation to the CRRA for the embedded representative risk averse agent (2.75) is formally and theoretically shown to be outcome that subsists in equilibrium. Totality of the formal theoretical and empirical evidence demonstrates interpretations of CRRAs that are higher than 2.75 as evidence for stock markets that consist in entirety of risk averse agents is not robust.
Recurrence and treatment of adult primary nonmetastatic bladder rhabdomyosarcoma: A systematic review

Abstract Introduction While survival for pediatric bladder rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has recently improved with risk-based multimodality treatment protocols, survival for adult bladder RMS remains to be poor. Survival is poor likely because adult bladder RMS is rare, understudied, and consequently lacking in high-level evidence to inform standardization of treatment. In addition, adult bladder RMS exhibits high rates of recurrence. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine associations between patient clinicopathologic factors and recurrence for adult primary bladder RMS, as well as to provide an updated survey of the various treatments employed for this disease in adults. Material and Methods Studies involving adult primary bladder RMS were acquired from MEDLINE (OVID), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1947 to 2018. Cases with no metastatic disease at diagnosis and at least 6 months follow-up were included. Multivariable Cox-regression hazard analysis was utilized to determine associations of age, sex, histology, and TNM stage with recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing was used to calculate overall survival (OS) for patients who underwent surgical treatment only, and to evaluate differences in survival between radical cystectomy and partial cystectomy. Results 20 articles were selected for the review, and 22 cases were obtained. The mean age of the patients was 55.7 ± 18.4 (range = 28–83). With a mean follow-up time of 21.4 ± 18.6 months, 36.4% of the patients experienced disease recurrence. Recurrence was not associated with age, sex, histology, or stage (p = 0.366, p = 0.754, p = 0.889, and p = 0.590, respectively). Most patients underwent surgery only as their initial therapy (n = 12), while the remaining had chemotherapy, radiation, or some combination of these therapies (including surgery). The median OS of patients who underwent surgery only was 21.0 months (95% CI: 0.0–44.6 months). Among these patients, no difference in OS between radical cystectomy and partial cystectomy was found (p = 0.841). Conclusion Adult bladder RMS is a rare, lethal tumor with a high proclivity for recurrence. No association between age, sex, histology, or stage and recurrence was found. Radical cystectomy is not superior to partial cystectomy in terms of survival, suggesting a role for bladder preservation in select patients. Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive summary of the various treatments employed with clinical outcomes for adult primary bladder RMS.
Diving into debate: Comparing discussion-based and single-presenter journal club formats in a large PM&R department.

BACKGROUND Journal clubs in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) advance the educational mission by uniting colleagues to learn of literature updates, consider clinical applications, practice critical thinking, and engage in lively dialogue and community. Although discussion-based journal clubs have been shown to enhance quality, a model for their application across a large and clinically diverse department of PM&R has not been described, nor has one been evaluated in comparison to a single-speaker podium format. OBJECTIVE To develop a discussion-based PM&R department-wide journal club, present elements of the journal club model in a manner that would enable replication, and assess effectiveness as perceived by participants, compared to the prior (podium-based, single-speaker) format. It was hypothesized that a discussion-based journal club would more effectively achieve educational goals and would be perceived by participants to be of greater quality and value. DESIGN Pre-post educational intervention study, using surveys of PM&R resident and faculty participants. Survey items used a 5-point Likert scale. Unpaired 2-tailed t-tests were used to compare the formats. SETTING A large academic PM&R department. PARTICIPANTS PM&R faculty, residents, fellows: 26 respondents (preintervention) and 26 respondents (postintervention) out of a total of 94 and 98 people invited to participate, respectively. INTERVENTIONS A discussion-based departmental journal club was designed and implemented, replacing the previous single-speaker, podium-based journal club. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pre- and post- intervention respondent ratings of (a) journal club quality and value, and (b) effectiveness in achieving specific educational goals. RESULTS Compared to the traditional format, the discussion-based format more effectively met the educational objectives, was of higher quality and value as perceived by respondents, and increased desire to attend the activity. CONCLUSIONS This discussion-based journal club format can serve as a model for academic PM&R programs looking to enhance the educational value of journal club.
When Do People Deploy Genetic Determinism? A Review Pointing to the Need for Multi-factorial Theories of Public Utilization of Scientific Discourses

For over two decades, scholars in the humanities and social sciences have attended warily and thoughtfully to the growing influence of biological and especially genetics-based explanations of human behavior. Concern about genetic determinism has formed a focal point of this attention, because it was presumed to provide a lynchpin for discriminatory effects arising from genetics technologies. Substantial empirical research has now demonstrated that genetic determinism is in fact linked to discriminatory attitudes including prejudice, Social Dominance Orientation, sexism, and racism. Fortunately, however, the research has also indicated that most lay people’s deployment of genetic determinism is both limited and strategic, primarily serving self-interests such as protecting valued behaviors (which are not health conducive) or avoiding blame. The disjunction between predictions based on existing social theories of discourse and empirical research on individual-level practices highlights the need for a theoretical integration of biological biases, individual actions, and social structures in future social theories, especially theories about health behaviors, science studies, and public understanding of science.
Phenotypic variation of transitional forager-farmers in the Sonoran Desert

This study examines phenotypic variation and biological distances estimated using morphological traits from three Early Agricultural period (EAP) (2100 BC–AD 50) site-complexes in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and northern Sonora. The hypothesis tested is that EAP forager-farmers were phenotypically homogenous as suggested by patterns in material culture and works to refine inferences regarding gene flow and biological affinity during subsistence transitions. Seven measurements from 62 EAP male and female crania were collected and used to calculate phenotypic variances, biological distances, and values with RMET 5.0 software. Analyses were applied to both pooled site-complex samples and to males and females separately. Results show differential variation between site-complex population samples, multiple significant biological distances, and significant values for the EAP regional sample that indicate widespread phenotypic heterogeneity rather than homogeneity. Significantly lower than expected variance in the Cienega Creek male sample is inferred to suggest a small closely related population present during the Cienega phase. Greater than expected male variation is attributed to higher frequencies of gene flow in the La Playa and Santa Cruz River site-complex samples. These EAP males are inferred to be more mobile across the Sonoran Desert landscape and representative of multiple biological affinities compared with females. This study provides evidence supporting the canalization of phenotypic variation when associated with human populations becoming increasingly sedentary due to transitioning subsistence practices. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:579–590, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Implementation of the Fiduccia-Mattheyses Heuristic for VLSI Netlist Partitioning

We discuss the implementation and evaluation of move-based hypergraph partitioning heuristics in the context of VLSI design applications. Our first contribution is a detailed software architecture, consisting of seven reusable components, that allows flexible, efficient and accurate assessment of the practical implications of new move-based algorithms and partitioning formulations. Our second contribution is an assessment of the modern context for hypergraph partitioning research for VLSI design applications. In particular, we discuss the current level of sophistication in implementation know-how and experimental evaluation, and we note how requirements for real-world partitioners - if used as motivation for research - should affect the evaluation of prospective contributions. We then use two "implicit decisions" in the implementation of the Fiduccia-Mattheyses [20] heuristic to illustrate the difficulty of achieving meaningful experimental evaluation of new algorithmic ideas.
Fixed Bed Solid Fuel Combustor for the Purpose of Testing Solid Biomass Emissions Properties

Fossil fuels place a large strain on the environment due to the pollution produced through their extraction and usage. One method to reduce societal fossil fuel usage is through co-combustion of coal with woody biomass. However, overproduction of this biomass may lead to significant environmental deterioration. A potential sustainable substitute for the woody biomass is in the form of dried algae. Because the emission characteristics of algae combustion are unknown, a simple dry mass combustor was constructed, including necessary instrumentation, as part of an undergraduate design class with the goal of a more thorough characterization of algae’s combustion properties. The combustor is a simple and affordable design, in keeping with the classes’ principles of sustainability through a focus on energy, environment, and economy. The combustor consists of a flow controller that sends air into a metallic plenum, where modulations in flow are reduced before it is sent to a steel pipe for combustion. This paper describes the concepts involved in the design of this combustor, and preliminary assessment efforts employing the system when testing biomass pellets. Testing showed combustion efficiency greater than 98%, and the data clearly illustrates three separate phases to the reaction process, with rapid changes in emissions and temperature punctuating the ends of these phases.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Winning isn't everything [runner-up circuit]

Circuitry that detects the runner-up or second highest input value in an array of inputs is presented. We are able to detect the runner-up by inhibiting the winner in a winner-take-all circuit. In another runner-up circuit designed to alleviate competition from the cells surrounding the winner, this inhibition is extended to include both the winner and its nearest neighbors.
Tailored Electrical Driving as a Means of Controlling Heat Distribution and Convection Patterns in Joule-Heated Waste Glass Melters

The ability to control melter convection patterns may provide a means of mitigating gas layer buildup under the cold cap, enhancing the heat transfer to the batch, and possible accelerating batch reactions, thereby increasing melt rate and glass throughput. Other operational benefits could result from such control. Convective patterns in an electrically heated melter are dominated by the distribution of Joule heat and thermal boundary conditions for a given melter design and geometry. We believe that control of electrical driving, in particular control of the interaction of electrical fields connected to distinct electrode pairs, can be used to vary the distribution of Joule heat generation. The under-investigated aspect of electrical driving control is the effect of waveform “overlap” of the driving voltages, the “overlap” in the case of harmonic driving being determined by the relative phase. For electrical driving using waveforms chopped by Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs), the chopping influences the "overlap." This control can provide a means of controlling melt convection. The objective of the present investigation is to test that hypothesis, verifying that such control can be observed for a numerical model of a simple melter geometry.
With a Little Help from the Host

DNA viruses can easily borrow proteins from the cells they infect to help replicate their own genomes, because cells too need to replicate DNA. But what do RNA viruses do? In his Perspective, Strauss summarizes new work leading to the identification of the host proteins that RNA viruses redirect to help replicate their RNA genomes.
Changes in brain catecholamine mechanisms following perinatal exposure to marihuana.

Adult female rats received daily oral doses of a crude marihuana extract (CME; equivalent to 20 mg/kg Δ9-THC) throughtout gestation and lactation. The offspring were sacrified at 10, 20, 40 or 60 days postpartum and tissue samples of cerebral cortex and striatum were dissected and assayed for α1-adrenergic and D2-dopaminergic receptors, respectively, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The body weight at birth and 10 days of age was reduced as was brain weight at 10 and 60 days of age in offspring exposed to CME. Perinatal exposure to CME reduced in the cerebral cortex was not altered at any age. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was significantly decreased in the striatum of 20 and 40-day-old offspring exposed to CME. The results indicate that chronic perinatal exposure to CME can selectively alter the development of specific catecholamine mechanisms in rat brain.
A comparative study of some macroscopic link models used in dynamic traffic assignment

As network loading forms the basis of many dynamic traffic assignment solution algorithms, we consider in this paper four macroscopic link models that are widely used in DTA studies as the building blocks of certain network loading procedures. For the same generic link, the four models are solved and evaluated numerically for various link inflow profiles under a single-destination framework. And the characteristics of each model is analyzed and compared with others from multiple perspectives such as algorithmic implementation, model calibration, model accuracy, computational time and memory consumption. It is our purpose to find the best link model for the development of realistic and efficient network loading procedures. Moreover, since model discretization and calibration substantially influence a link model’s performance, both issues are carefully addressed in the paper.
A community reimagined. The role of “homeland” in the forging of national identity: the case of the Crimean Tatars

(1997). A community reimagined. The role of “homeland” in the forging of national identity: the case of the Crimean Tatars. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 225-252.
Correlation between the static dielectric constant and threshold electric field for sliding charge density wave conduction

Abstract Experimental data on the low frequency dielectric constant ϵ and the threshold field ET for the onset of sliding charge density wave conduction are presented for pure and niobium doped orthorhombic TaS3. It was found that the ϵET is independent of impurity concentration and of temperature in the temperature range between 100 K to 190 K. We point out that the classical single particle model of Gruner, Zawadowski, and Chaikin; the deformable medium model of Fukuyama and Lee and the semiconductor model of Bardeen all predict ϵET to be independent of impurity concentration. The numerical estimates are within an order of magnitude in agreement with the present experiments.
Effect of Methotrexate or Salpingectomy for Ectopic Pregnancy on Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Outcomes.

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of methotrexate (MTX) or salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy on the outcomes of subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF)–embryo transfer (ET) cycles. Design Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). Setting Academic center. Patients All patients undergoing fresh IVF-ET between January 2004 and July 2013 after treatment of an ectopic pregnancy with MTX or salpingectomy in the preceding IVF-ET cycle were analyzed for potential inclusion. Intervention MTX or laparoscopic salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy followed by a subsequent IVF-ET cycle. Measurements and Main Results A total of 144 patients with sonographically confirmed ectopic pregnancies were identified during the study period. Of these, 107 (74.3%) patients were treated with MTX and 37 (25.7%) were treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy. Eighty-eight patients (82.2%) in the MTX group and 22 patients (59.4%) patients in the salpingectomy group underwent a subsequent IVF-ET cycle. There were no significant differences in demographic data or baseline cycle characteristics between the 2 groups. No difference was observed in basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level before and after MTX or salpingectomy treatment. Indicators of ovarian responsiveness, including total days of stimulation, total dosage of gonadotropins, and number of mature oocytes before and after either treatment, were comparable in the 2 groups. The number of doses of MTX (1 vs > 1) did not correlate with changes in ovarian response. The pregnancy outcomes, specifically live birth, were equivalent in the 2 groups. Comparing post-MTX cycles and post-salpingectomy cycles, patients in the latter group required higher doses of gonadotropins (+705 IU vs +221.5 IU; p Conclusion Treatment of ectopic pregnancies with MTX or salpingectomy might not adversely affect ovarian reserve, ovarian responsiveness, or subsequent IVF cycle outcomes. However, in our study cohort, patients treated with MTX, those s treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy required higher gonadotropin doses in a subsequent cycle to attain the same number of mature oocytes.
The duration of pretreatment with ticlopidine prior to stenting is associated with the risk of procedure-related non–Q-wave myocardial infarctions

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to determine whether the duration of pretreatment with the adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist ticlopidine prior to intracoronary stenting is associated with the incidence of procedure-related non–Q-wave myocardial infarctions (MIs). Background. Dual antiplatelet therapy with ticlopidine and aspirin is routinely used with stenting, although ticlopidine is commonly not begun until the day of the procedure. Periprocedural MIs are at least partially platelet-dependent events. As the maximal platelet inhibitory effects of this drug take 2 to 3 days to be realized, we hypothesized that longer treatment prior to stenting would be associated with lower rates of procedure-related MIs. Methods. We reviewed outcomes in 175 consecutive patients treated with ticlopidine prior to stenting at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Those patients with an elevation in creatine kinase above our laboratory normal (>210 IU/L) with ≥4% MB fraction on routine evaluation were defined as having a non–Q-wave MI. Results. There were 28 patients (16%) who had a non–Q-wave MI. Longer duration of ticlopidine pretreatment was strongly associated with a lower incidence of procedure-related non–Q-wave MIs (duration of pretreatment Conclusions. Among patients undergoing intracoronary stenting, beginning ticlopidine therapy several days prior to the procedure is associated with a reduced risk of procedural non–Q-wave MIs.
On the problem of reconstructing a segment of a wideband signal using a digital filter bank

The design process is reduced to designing the filter bank to satisfy a set of conditions and it is known that the reconstructed signal always possesses some alias and distortion. It is the present objective to find the necessary and sufficient conditions on the filters so that the resulting QMF (quadrature mirror filter) bank cancels most alias components. Having found these conditions, the author suggests an algorithm to design the PAC (partial alias cancellation) QMF bank. Examples are given to demonstrate the theory. >
Limiting equations of integrodifferential equations in Banach space

Abstract The "limiting equation" results for integrodifferential equations in finite dimensional space are extended to equations [formula] and [formula] in reflexive Banach space in a weak sense when A is a closed and densely defined operator and F(t) is a bounded operator t ≥ 0. The results are applied to study the periodic solutions of Eq. (b) on R . An application to a heat equation is also given.
What do expression dynamics tell us about the mechanism of transcription

Single-cell microscopy studies have the potential to provide an unprecedented view of gene expression with exquisite spatial and temporal sensitivity. However, there is a challenge to connect the holistic cellular view with a reductionist biochemical view. In particular, experimental efforts to characterize the in vivo regulation of transcription have focused primarily on measurements of the dynamics of transcription factors and chromatin modifying factors. Such measurements have elucidated the transient nature of many nuclear interactions. In the past few years, experimental approaches have emerged that allow for interrogation of the output of transcription at the single-molecule, single-cell level. Here, I summarize the experimental results and models that aim to provide an integrated view of transcriptional regulation.
Medication error reporting in rural critical access hospitals in the North Dakota Telepharmacy Project

Purpose Results of a study of medication “quality-related events” (QREs) at critical access hospitals (CAHs) participating in a telepharmacy project are reported. Methods Rates and types of medication QREs (i.e., all types of drug therapy problems requiring pharmacist intervention) were evaluated at 17 CAHs receiving telepharmacy services from a central order-entry site in the North Dakota Telepharmacy Project (NDTP). During the 17-month study, remote pharmacists used telepharmacy technology to review medication orders prepared at the CAH sites, identify and address QREs, and code clinical interventions. The collected data were analyzed via chi-square testing. Results Cumulative monthly medication orders at the CAH study sites ranged from a low of 12,535 in the first month of the study to a high of 18,257. Monthly rates of visual medication verification and clinical intervention ranged from 8.0% to 14.2% and from 1.3% to 3.1%, respectively. Overall, the most frequently identified QREs were transcription errors, which accounted for 2,389 interventions (43.3%); 2,078 interventions (37.7%) targeted prescribing-related QREs. The most frequently cited intervention codes were for dosage adjustments ( n = 547), deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis ( n = 437), pharmacokinetic consultation ( n = 268), renal dosing ( n = 182), and the prevention of minor ( n = 148) and major ( n = 94) adverse drug events. Conclusion The study results indicate that the NDTP telepharmacy model is effective in identifying and resolving QREs in CAHs. The use of the telepharmacy services increased over the study period, suggesting that CAH practitioners became more comfortable using the technology on a regular basis to enhance patient safety.
The influence of solute additions of tin, lead and titanium on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the liquid In-O system

Abstract The influence of small additions of the solutes tin, lead and titanium on the diffusivity, the solubility, the activity and the activity coefficient of oxygen in liquid indium was studied in the range 750–950 °C using solid state electrochemical techniques. Sharp increases in the oxygen diffusivity and decreases in the oxygen solubility were observed in all cases when small amounts of these solutes were added to indium. Modest increases in the oxygen diffusivity were observed for higher solute concentrations. A solubility-diffusivity correlation was validated for all the In-solute-O systems. The thermodynamics of liquid binaries of In-Sn and In-Pb were also studied for up to 10 at.% of these solutes. There is evidence that the sharp increase in the oxygen diffusivity and the decrease in the oxygen solubility are due to cluster formation in the liquid metal at particular solute concentrations, which is consistent with the solution of oxygen as ions in liquid metals.
Effective Leadership for Effective Schools: A Survey of Principal Attitudes.

Effective principals agree on what should be occurring in the classrooms in their schools, according to these writers, who queried principals in 202 schools identified as "effective." The most important characteristic of teachers, they responded, is to be task oriented.
Influence of elliptical structure on impinging-jet-array heat transfer performances

A three-by-three square array of submerged, elliptic, impinging jets in water was used to study the heat transfer distribution in the cooling process of a constant heat flux surface. Tow jet aspect ratios were used, 2 and 3, both with the same hydraulic diameter. The array was tested at Reynolds numbers from 300 to 1500 and impinging distances of 1 to 5 hydraulic diameters. Thermochromic liquid crystals wee used to map the local heat transfer coefficient using a transient method, while the jet temperature was kept constant. The liquid crystal images were recorded through an optical fiber coupled with a CCD camera and a frame grabber and analyzed based on an RGB-temperature calibration technique. The results are reported relative to the unit cell that is used to delimitate the central jet. The heat transfer variation is shown to depend on the impingement distance and Reynolds number. The elliptic jets exhibit axis switching, jet column instability and jet swaying. All of these mechanisms affect the enhancement of the heat transfer rate and its distribution. The results are compared in terms of average and local heat transfer coefficients, for both major and minor planes for the two jet aspect ratios.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Percutaneous image-guided therapy of intra-abdominal malignancy: imaging evaluation of treatment response

The rising incidence of abdominal malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma presents several challenges. Although surgery typically provides the best chance for cure, many patients are not surgical candidates. Innovative percutaneous therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radioembolization, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are increasingly being utilized as alternative treatment modalities, in some cases, with proven survival benefit. With the rise in interventional oncology, radiologists are being increasingly asked to interpret posttreatment imaging examinations that are critical to assessing treatment efficacy and complications. This article reviews the imaging manifestations of the most common percutaneous therapies, with special emphasis on TACE and RFA. Imaging findings of treatment-induced tumor necrosis, viable tumor, complications, and, in particular, benign ancillary findings that may be confused with viable tumor are reviewed, as manifested on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).
Gila monster bite: a case report

Transient electrocardiogram abnormalities are described in a young man who was bitten by a Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). The patient's pain subsided spontaneously without narcotics and the vascular status of his bitten extremity was monitored by Doppler examination. The patient was discharged in 24 hr after conservative management. Language: en
“Hooking Up” at College: Does Religion Make a Difference?

Recent attention from media, scholars, and religious leadership has focused on the dating activities of college students, particularly in relation to casual physical encounters or what some have termed "hooking up. " In this article, we examine the impact of both individual and institutional religious involvement on "hooking up" in a national sample of college women (N = 1,000). The results of our analysis reveal several important patterns. First, Catholic college women are more likely to have "hooked up" while at school than college women with no religious affiliation. Second, conservative Protestant college women are less likely to have "hooked up" while at school than college women with no religious affiliation; however, this difference is mediated or explained by church attendance, which is protective against "hooking up. " Finally, women who attend colleges and universities with a Catholic affiliation are more likely to have hooked up while at school than women who attend academic institutions with no religious affiliation, net of individual-level religious involvement.
Uric Acid: A Novel Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients?

Background: Uric acid has been reported to be a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease; however, no study has examined whether uric acid may confer a risk for acu
Ototoxicity of aminoglycosides correlated with their action on monomolecular films of polyphosphoinositides.

Abstract The ototoxicities of eight aminoglycoside antibiotics and fragments were measured quantitatively by cochlear perfusion in the guinea pig. Perilymphatic spaces were perfused for 1 hr with ‘artificial perilymph’ containing 10 mM drug, during which time continuous measurements of cochlear microphonic potentials were made. Kanamycin B and neomycin B caused the most rapid decline of cochlear microphonic potentials, followed by gentamicin C1a ∼- ribostamicin > kanamycin A ∼ G-418. Neamine and methylneobiosamine did not show significant effects. The same drugs were tested for their interaction with monomolecular films of polyphosphoinositides, and relative binding constants were determined. Neomycin B and kanamycin B had the highest affinities to the lipids, followed by the other drugs in the order as seen for toxicity. The correlation between the in situ and in vitro actions of the drugs was r = 0.9. These results support the hypothesis that binding to polyphosphoinositides plays an important role in the decrease of the cochlear microphonic potentials. Furthermore, the good correlation between the drug actions in the two test systems suggests that an in vitro assay may be possible for the assessment of aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
Return to work following myocardial infarction: a medical and economic critique of the work evaluation unit.

Abstract The potential benefits of functional cardiac evaluation soon after myocardial infarction are threefold: (1) earlier return to work of low risk patients, thereby obviating unnecessary delays in return to work; (2) identification of high risk patients who should not resume work until their cardiac status is stabilized by medical and/or surgical therapy; and (3) improvement in psychological status by reducing the uncertainties concerning physical capacity and risk of recurrent coronary events. At the very least, functional cardiac evaluation appears to identify a substantially higher percentage of patients with cardiac abnormalities than does unaided clinical evaluation, particularly in patients with clinically ‘mild’ myocardial infarction.
HAND-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATUS AND RELATIONSHIP WITH METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES IN GUANGZHOU, SOUTHERN CHINA, 2008-2012

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the extremely common airborne and contact transmission diseases in Guangzhou, southern China, leading public health authorities to be concerned about its increased incidence. In this study, it was used an ecological study plus the negative binomial regression to identify the epidemic status of HFMD and its relationship with meteorological variables. During 2008-2012, a total of 173,524 HFMD confirmed cases were reported, 12 cases of death, yielding a fatality rate of 0.69 per 10,000. The annual incidence rates from 2008 to 2012 were 60.56, 132.44, 311.40, 402.76, and 468.59 (per 100,000), respectively, showing a rapid increasing trend. Each 1 °C rise in temperature corresponded to an increase of 9.47% (95% CI 9.36% to 9.58%) in the weekly number of HFMD cases, while a one hPa rise in atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 7.53% (95% CI -7.60% to -7.45%). Similarly, each one percent rise in relative humidity corresponded to an increase of 1.48% or 3.3%, and a one meter per hour rise in wind speed corresponded to an increase of 2.18% or 4.57%, in the weekly number of HFMD cases, depending on the variables considered in the model. These findings revealed that epidemic status of HFMD in Guangzhou is characterized by high morbidity but low fatality. Weather factors had a significant influence on the incidence of HFMD.
The precarious position of the medical humanities in the medical school curriculum.

ABSTRACTThe author contends that bioethics, as currently conceived and taught in most medical schools across the country, should neither be considered as part of nor substituted for the humanities within the curriculum. Arguing that bioethics has evolved into a discipline dominated by rules—which ha
Work in progress — Diversifying STEM: Underrepresented students' experiences in undergraduate research programs

Analysis of data collected from 108 respondents to the Survey of Summer Research Programs were conducted using descriptive and multivariate statistics to measure students' satisfaction with their SURE program, their level of engagement in the research project, and learning gains achieved as a result of participating in the program. Results suggest that SURE participants are generally satisfied with the program, despite some relative dissatisfaction with one's mentor. Several learning outcomes are associated with participating in a SURE, and participation also seems to sustain or increase students' interest rather than initiate new interest in graduate education. Background traits and learning gains were positive predictors of research self-efficacy, explaining approximately 52% of the variance in students' confidence in their research skills.
Multispectral sensor design using performance measure-based hyperspectral band grouping

This paper introduces the concept of using a performance measure to select band groups when using a single classifier. Typically, band groups are selected using a proximity measure to determine the similarity or dissimilarity of hyperspectral bands. The problem with that approach is the similarity or dissimilarity of the hyperspectral bands may not be important for some problems. The novelty of using a performance measure is it can be used to select band groups that result in the best performance regardless of the similarity between the band groups. The results demonstrate better overall accuracy using our approach when compared to uniform partitioning. The improved performance is realized when using a Support Vector Machine or Bayes Maximum Likelihood classifier. Often these improvements are achieved using fewer band groups than uniform partitioning.
Crushing of Flat Graphite/Epoxy Laminates Using a Column Specimen:

Crush testing of flat composite laminates is achieved using a simple test specimen that permits improved observation of the development of crushing damage and hence better correlation with crush modeling efforts. Graphite/Epoxy specimens fabricated as two intersecting flat laminates are crushed under quasistatic conditions. Effective triggering of progressive crushing damage is difficult, though stable crushing is achieved using a conventional chamfering technique. Crushing results from the column specimens were comparable to specimens made with a similar material and lay-up and crushed in a plate crushing fixture. The specimen geometry permits direct observation of the evolution of damage in the laminate in the proximity of the free edges of the laminate, and thus offers the potential for assisting the validation of phenomenological finite element crush models that attempt to capture the splaying crushing mode typical of many composite systems under crushing loads.
The second centralizer of a Bernoulli shift is just its powers

If ℐ is a collection of measure preserving transformations of a probability space, byC(ℐ), the centralizer of ℐ, we mean the group of all measure preserving transformationsS such thatTS=ST for allT ∈ ℐ. We show here that ifT is a Bernoulli shift, thenC(C(T))={T i |i ∈ Z}. The proof is carried out by constructing an action of Z2, {T 1 i °T 2 i |i, j ∈ Z}, whereT 1 is a Bernoulli shift of arbitrary entropy, but for anyj ≠ 0,C({T 1,T 2 i} ={T 1 i °T 2 k l, k ∈ Z}. The construction is a two-dimensional analogue of Ornstein’s “rank one mixing” transformation.
The effect of the maze procedure on the secretion of arginine-vasopressin and aldosterone.

Abstract Background Excessive fluid retention is a serious complication after the maze procedure that cannot be totally explained by changes in levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. We therefore measured circulating levels of arginine vasopressin and aldosterone in patients undergoing the maze procedure to study their possible role in this postoperative complication. Methods Serial arginine vasopressin and aldosterone levels were monitored for 72 hours in 11 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting and in 13 patients after the maze procedure. Hemodynamic data, urine output, fluid balance, and complications were recorded prospectively during the same period of time. Results Plasma levels of arginine vasopressin and aldosterone were significantly higher in patients after the maze procedure when compared with patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions This study documents that the maze procedure results in increased plasma arginine vasopressin and aldosterone levels and indicates that they, rather than atrial natriuretic peptide alone, participate in the excessive postoperative fluid retention that follows the maze procedure. We believe that these hormone elevations are most likely secondary to a temporary lack of response of the atrial baroreceptors. These results may explain the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy after the maze procedure.