cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated polarization-discrimination technique to minimize lidar-detected skylight background noise

Recently, there has been significant interest in lidar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements, particularly for lidar daytime operations. Previously, we devised in the remote sensing laboratory at the City College of New York a polarization discrimination technique to maximize lidar detected SNR taking advantage of the natural polarization properties of scattered skylight radiation to track and minimize detected sky background signal (BGS). This tracking technique was achieved by rotating, manually, a combination of polarizer and analyzer on both the lidar transmitter and receiver subsystems, respectively. The polarization orientation at which the minimum BGS occurs, follows the solar azimuth angle, even for high aerosol loading. This has been confirmed, in our previous work, both theoretically, assuming single scattering theory, and experimentally. In this paper, a design to automate the polarization discrimination technique by real time tracking of the azimuth angle to attain the minimum BGS is presented. We introduce a feedback control system to track the minimum BGS by rotating the detector analyzer and the transmission polarizer simultaneously to maximize the SNR and attainable lidar ranges, thus achieving the same results as would be done manually. Analytical results for New York City are summarized and an approach for applying the proposed design globally is investigated.
PAPER 5. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE ENERGY SECTOR AND POSSIBLE ADJUSTMENTS IN THE MINK REGION

The discussion reviews the prevailing pattern of energy demand and supply in the MINK states, speculates on the region's long-term energy future in the absence and presence of greenhouse warming, and, in the latter case, considers energy sector adaptation to such a prospect. Climate-sensitive energydemand is dominated by heating and cooling in various sectors of the regional economy (around 20% of regional energy consumption) and by such agricultural applications as irrigation pumping and crop drying (around 5%). A climate-sensitive energysupply issue of some importance is the region's partial dependence on hydroelectric capacity in the upper Missouri river basin. The analysis finds that, unlike the rather significant impacts likely to be experienced by other sectors of the regional economy, the hypothesized warming trend will translate into only small net increases in energy demand; and that technological possibilities and policy measures are available to mute any serious climatic effects on the energy sector.
Parotid saliva protein profiles in caries-free and caries-active adults

Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to determine if there were any differences in the parotid saliva output and composition related to caries activity. Study design. Stimulated parotid saliva samples were collected from 85 healthy young adults, caries-active or caries-free. Flow rates were determined, and samples were analyzed for pH and buffer capacity, total protein, electrolytes, proteins with a high performance liquid chromatography method, and histatins. Results. There were no differences in flow rates or pH, but buffer capacity was higher in women than in men, and K+ and Cl− were both slightly higher in the caries-active group. The women had a significantly higher total protein concentration, as well as higher concentrations of each of the individual protein components assayed. There were no differences attributable to caries activity. Conclusions. Significant sex differences in salivary protein concentrations exist. Caries activity may be related to some salivary electrolyte alterations, but not to protein composition.
Metallocene Complexes of Iron and Cobalt Derived from the 4,4‘-Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)octafluorobiphenyl Ligand1

The reaction of decafluorobiphenyl with 10 equiv of sodium cyclopentadienide (NaCp) in THF (65 °C, 2 h) afforded 4,4‘-bis(cyclopentadienyl)octafluorobiphenyl (1) as a mixture of double-bond isomers in 72% yield after workup and purification. Subsequent treatment with sodium hydride in THF (25 °C, 6 h) afforded disodium 4,4‘-bis(cyclopentadienyl)octafluorobiphenyl (2). Reaction of NaCp, ligand 2, and FeBr2 (21:1:10 mol ratio) in THF afforded mostly ferrocene as well as the diiron complex CpFe(η5-C5H4-4,4‘-C6F4C6F4-η5-C5H4)FeCp (3), the linear triiron complex Cp[Fe(η5-C5H4-4,4‘-C6F4C6F4-η5-C5H4)]2FeCp (4), and the linear tetrairon complex Cp[Fe(η5-C5H4-4,4‘-C6F4C6F4-η5-C5H4)]3FeCp (5), which were isolated by liquid chromatography. Solution voltammetric analysis of 3 showed a single, reversible two-electron oxidation at +200 mV, 4 showed two reversible oxidations (2:1 ratio) at +180 and +372 mV, respectively, and 5 showed two reversible oxidations (2:2 ratio) at +192 and +382 mV, respectively (all vs Cp2Fe|C...
An experimental approach for identifying microorganisms involved in specified functions: utilisation for understanding a nematode suppressive soil

An experimental app roach was developed for identifyin g microorganisms involved in spec if ied fun ctions such as path ogen suppress iveness. In thi s approac h, it was postul ated th at the micro organisms involved in path ogen suppress iveness co uld be discovered by identifyin g those orga nisms whose popul ation s positively co rrelate with hi gh levels of suppress iveness. The approac h has thre e phase s. The fir st phase is to identify bacteri al and fungal rRNA genes (rDNA) from so ils possessin g various levels of suppress iveness. Rib osomal DNA sequences that are more abundant in the highly suppress ive so ils than in the less suppress ive soils are considered cand idate sequences. A meth od termed oligonucleotide fin gerprinting of rRNA ge nes (OFRG) is used to obta in extensive analysis of microbi al community composition. The seco nd phase of thi s experimental approac h is to verify the results obtained from phase one usin g quantitative PCR. Here, select ive PCR primers for each of the candidate rDNA sequences are design ed. The se primers are then used to determine the rel ative amounts of the candidate sequences in soils possessin g various levels of suppress iveness produ ced by several different meth ods such as mixing various quantitie s of suppress ive and fumi gation-induced non-suppressive so il, biocid al treatments and temperature tre atments. In phase three, the organisms th at cons istently correlate with suppress iveness are isolated and amended to non-suppressive soils to ass ess their abilit ies to produ ce suppress iveness. The utility of thi s experimental appro ach was dem onstrated by usin g it to identify microorganisms invo lved in suppress iveness again st the plant-p arasitic nematode, Heterodera schachtii. This general experimental approac h sho uld also be useful for the identifying microorganisms involved in fun ctions other then pathogen suppress iveness.
An evaluation of Benemid p-(di-n-propylsulfamyl)-benzoid acid dosage schedule in children

I T HAS been shown *, ~, a, 4 that a new derivative of benzoic acid, Benemid, ~ p(di-n-propytsulfamyl)-benzoic acid, effectively blocks the renal tubular transport mechanism for penicillin, phenosulfonpht halein, para-aminohippurate, and para-aminosalicylie acid. It also increases the excretion of uric acid and lowers the uric acid blood level2, ~ No toxicity was demonstrated by months of daily medication in dogs and the kidney tubular blocking effects were completely reversible upon discontinuing the Bencmid. In man, Boger and associates 7 have shown that a dose of 2 Gin. a day in adults may be continued ~or as long as nine months without evidence of renal toxicity. Benemid has all the pharmacologic actions of carinamide. However, it does not have the drawbacks of the latter drug, namely, the large amount required--up to 24 Gin. per day in the adult, which has to be given in divided doses every four hours, fairly frequent gastric distress on full dosage, ability to induce sensitivity as manifest by cutaneous rashes, and excretion as a sodium salt which removes considerable amounts of sodium from the body. s
Throughput persistence of scalable mobile ad-hoc networks: evaluation and enhancement

The dedicated short range communication (DSRC) protocol allows for vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication in an ad-hoc configuration. Vehicles participating in the network can act as the source or the sink of the road condition and other types of information, or as nodes taking part in routing a message towards its destination in a multi-hop fashion. The MAC layer definitions of the proposed DSRC standard for vehicle-to-vehicle and roadside-to-vehicle communications have evolved from the specifications for the IEEE 802.11 standard, which supports a distributed coordination function (DCF) mode of operation based on a carrier sense multiple access method with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). We study the throughput persistence of networks with varying sizes, which is a common fact in vehicular applications.
Propofol Use in Pediatric Patients With Severe Cancer Pain at the End of Life

This article describes the use and effectiveness of adjuvant propofol for pain control for pediatric oncology patients at the end of life. All patients experienced severe pain and agitation, not well controlled by continuous infusion opioids and benzodiazepines. Upon starting propofol, most patients had a temporary stabilization in the dose of opioids with subjective improvement in pain control, increased alertness, and improved ability to interact. Propofol infusions were continued until death in most patients. Two patients received propofol infusions at home. Subsequent increases in opioids in 6 patients and propofol in all patients were required for optimal pain control. Adverse effects included agitation in 5 patients and hallucinations in 2, which were controllable with benzodiazepines. One patient developed severe tetany, requiring propofol interruption; propofol was successfully restarted at a lower dose with an adjuvant benzodiazepine. The authors conclude that propofol is a useful and tolerable adjuvant agent for pain management in pediatric oncology patients at the end of life. It is a useful adjuvant if pain is unresponsive to continuous infusion opioids or if rapidly escalating doses of opioids are required.
General rotating black holes in string theory: Greybody factors and event horizons

We derive the wave equation for a minimally coupled scalar field in the background of a general rotating five-dimensional black hole. It is written in a form that involves two types of thermodynamic variables, defined at the inner and outer event horizon, respectively. We model the microscopic structure as an effective string theory, with the thermodynamic properties of the left- and right-moving excitations related to those of the horizons. Previously known solutions to the wave equation are generalized to the rotating case, and their regime of validity is sharpened. We calculate the greybody factors and interpret the resulting Hawking emission spectrum microscopically in several limits. We find a $U$-duality-invariant expression for the effective string length that does not assume a hierarchy between the charges. It accounts for the universal low-energy absorption cross section in the general nonextremal case.
Utility of computed tomography of the head following head trauma in boys with haemophilia

The most serious site of bleeding for patients with haemophilia is the central nervous system. Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in patients with haemophilia can occur spontaneously or following mild head trauma however no guidelines exist for the approach to these patients. The goal of this review was to determine the utility of screening computed tomography (CT) of the head for patients with haemophilia who experience head trauma and to determine if the use of clinical criteria could allow a selective approach to radiographic imaging. In a retrospective study we reviewed the management of head trauma in a cohort of paediatric patients with haemophilia in a single institution. The cohort included males, ages birth to 18 years with haemophilia A or B who were followed at the haemophilia treatment center at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 1994 to 2005. Between the years of 1994 and 2005, 97 patients were evaluated for head trauma for a total of 374 emergency department visits. There were 295 head CT scans performed to identify 9 (3%) episodes of intracranial bleeding. Fifty-six per cent of the patients with intracranial bleeding had no clinical signs or symptoms. The clinical outcome was excellent in all cases with no deaths or reported morbidity. In this cohort, a lack of symptoms and a normal neurological exam did not exclude ICH, especially in patients with severe haemophilia who were evaluated soon after a mild head trauma event suggesting the utility of early head CT imaging.
Transport weighted temperature and internal energy transport of the Indonesian throughflow

A 50-year record of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) was obtained using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset to calculate a timeseries of Pacific-to-Indian Ocean pressure differences, which were calibrated to transport profiles using ARLINDO (1997) and INSTANT (2004–2006) observational data. The 50 year SODA based ITF transport average is 10.4 Sv; the transport weighted temperature (TWT) is 14.6 ◦C and the internal energy transport (IET) is 0.53 PW. The different configurations of the ITF transport and temperature profiles result in a dissimilarity in the variability of the IET and the TWT, with the IET more closely correlated with both the depth of the 18
Assessment of the SWMM model uncertainties within the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework for a high‐resolution urban sewershed

This research incorporates the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology in a high-resolution Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which we developed for a highly urbanized sewershed in Syracuse, NY, to assess SWMM modelling uncertainties and estimate parameters. We addressed two issues that have long been suggested having a great impact on the GLUE uncertainty estimation: the observations used to construct the likelihood measure and the sampling approach to obtain the posterior samples of the input parameters and prediction bounds of the model output. First, on the basis of the Bayes' theorem, we compared the prediction bounds generated from the same Gaussian distribution likelihood measure conditioned on flow observations of varying magnitude. Second, we employed two sampling techniques, the sampling importance resampling (SIR) and the threshold sampling methods, to generate posterior parameter distributions and prediction bounds, based on which the sampling efficiency was compared. In addition, for a better understanding of the hydrological responses of different pervious land covers in urban areas, we developed new parameter sets in SWMM representing the hydrological properties of trees and lawns, which were estimated through the GLUE procedure. The results showed that SIR was a more effective alternative to the conventional threshold sampling method. The combined total flow and peak flow data were an efficient alternative to the intensive 5-min flow data for reducing SWMM parameter and output uncertainties. Several runoff control parameters were found to have a great effect on peak flows, including the newly introduced parameters for trees. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Human Spermatozoa on Antigen and Mitogen Induced Blastogenesis

In an attempt to identify factors capable of specifically or nonspecifically modulating results in an in vitro blastogenic assay system, studies were performed evaluating cell mediated immune response to human spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were capable, on a dose dependent basis, of both inhibiting and stimulating normal lymphocyte DNA synthesis as well as suppressing mitogen-induced response. Pretreatment of spermatozoa with neuraminidase and α-methyl-D-mannoside abrogated suppressive properties on spontaneous and/or mitogen-induced stimulation. Such suppressive activity on mitogen-induced response was observed using B and T-cell enriched populations. Inhibitory properties were not evident using intact cell populations stimulated by specific antigen. It is suggested that: (1) receptors on spermatozoa bind lectin; and (2) such receptors can be inactivated by enzymes having glycoprotein specificity.
A modified local control model for Ca2 + transients in cardiomyocytes: Junctional flux is accompanied by release from adjacent non-junctional RyRs

Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes requires Ca(2+) influx through dihydropyridine receptors in the sarcolemma, which gates Ca(2+) release through sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Ca(2+) influx, release and diffusion produce a cytosolic Ca(2+) transient. Here, we investigated the relationship between Ca(2+) transients and the spatial arrangement of the sarcolemma including the transverse tubular system (t-system). To accomplish this, we studied isolated ventricular myocytes of rabbit, which exhibit a heterogeneously distributed t-system. We developed protocols for fluorescent labeling and triggered two-dimensional confocal microscopic imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution. From sequences of microscopic images, we measured maximal upstroke velocities and onset times of local Ca(2+) transients together with their distance from the sarcolemma. Analyses indicate that not only sarcolemmal release sites, but also those that are within 1 μm of the sarcolemma actively release Ca(2+). Our data also suggest that release does not occur at sites further than 2.5 μm from the sarcolemma. The experimental data are in agreement with results from a mathematical model of Ca(2+) release and diffusion. Our findings can be explained by a modified local control model, which constrains the region of regenerative activation of non-junctional RyR clusters. We believe that this model will be useful for describing excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes with a sparse t-system, which includes those from diseased heart tissue as well as atrial myocytes of some species.
Deciphering Metazoan Phylogeny: The Need for Additional Molecular Data

SYNOPSIS. Our interpretation of the evolution of development, morphology, and diversity of multicellular animals hinges on a clear understanding of the phylo- genetic relationships of metazoans. Currently, the field of metazoan phylogeny is in a state of flux, with new hypotheses of metazoan relationships emerging from analyses of 18S rDNA sequence data. Some of these analyses have been limited in the numbers of taxa analyzed, others, with numerous taxa analyzed, have not resolved deep level branching patterns, and all are hampered by properties of the 18S gene itself. Corroboration of the results from 18S rDNA analyses can come from additional molecular data sets, such as highly conserved nuclear coding genes, mitochondria! gene order, or gene duplication events. The enormous task of data accumulation for additional molecular data from many representative taxa can most efficiently be undertaken in a coordinated, collaborative effort among differ- ent lab groups. Ultimately, a combined analysis of several independent data sets will be possible and may provide a more stable, robust phylogeny for the Metazoa.
Effect of β-Cyclodextrin in Artificial Chaperones Assisted Foam Fractionation of Cellulase

Foam fractionation has the potential to be a low-cost protein separation process; however, it may cause protein denaturation during the foaming process. In previous work with cellulase, artificial chaperones were integrated into the foam fractionation process in order to reduce the loss of enzymatic activity. In this study, other factors were introduced to further reduce the loss of cellulase activity: type of cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin concentration, dilution ratio cyclodextrin to the foamate and holding time. α-Cyclodextrin was almost as effective as β-cyclodextrin in refolding the foamed cellulase-Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixture. β-Cyclodextrin (6.5 mM) was almost as effective as 13 mM β-cyclodextrin in refolding. The dilution ratio, seven parts foamate and three parts β-cyclodextrin solution, was found to be most effective among the three ratios tested (7:3, 1:1, and 3:7). The activity after refolding at this dilution ratio is around 0.14 unit/mL The refolding time study showed that the refolding process was found to be most effective for the short refolding times (within 1 h).
Symposium†: Wage employment and infant feeding: A Papua New Guinea case‡

Ninety‐seven nurses and aides who were mothers and full‐time staff at public health care facilities in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, were interviewed about their infant feeding practices, opinions on bottle‐feeding and arrangements for childcare. Only 29% of their 260 children were bottlefed even partially. No statistically significant changes in their feeding practices occurred in 1977, when legislation was passed to make feeding bottles more difficult to obtain. A statistically significant association was found between return to work by six months postpartum and use of supplementary bottles, although a majority of mothers breastfed during nursing breaks or had the caretaker give milk in a cup or solids. Twelve percent used a wet nurse occasionally. Mean age at sevrage for the youngest child was 21 months; fluid in a cup and beikost (weaning food) were usually introduced at 3–4 months. Lactation insufficiency was rarely reported during the first six months postpartum. Bottlefeeding was viewed as approp...
The importance of biological inertia in plant community resistance to invasion

Insights into the ecology of historic invasions by introduced species can be gained by studying long-term patterns of invasions by native species. In this paper, we review literature in palaeo-ecology, forest-stand simulation modelling, and historical studies of plant species invasions to illustrate the relevance of biological inertia in plant communities to invasion ecology. Resistance to invasion occurs in part because of environmental, demographic, and biotic factors influencing the arrival and establishment of invading species. We propose that biological inertia within the resident community is a fourth component of resistance to invasion, because of the lag time inherent in eliminating resident species and perhaps their traces after environmental conditions become suitable for invasion by immigrating species. Whether or not an introduced species invades can be conditioned by the presence of the pre-existing community (and/or its legacy) in addition to the other biotic and abiotic factors.
Life history of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on four host plant species under laboratory conditions.

Life history of the mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, on three ornamental plants [Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Acalypha wilkesiana (Muell.-Arg.), and Plumeria rubra L.] and one weed species (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) was studied under laboratory conditions. Mealybugs were able to develop, survive, and reproduce on all four hosts; however, there were differences in the life history parameters. Adult females that developed on acalypha and parthenium emerged ≈1 d earlier than those that developed on hibiscus and plumeria. Adult males had a longer developmental time on plumeria than on the other hosts. Survival of first- and second-instar nymphs and cumulative adult survival were lowest on plumeria. Longevity was not affected by hosts for males and females and averaged 2.3 ± 0.1 and 21.2 ± 0.1 d, respectively. On plumeria, 58.9 ± 1.7% of the adults were females, which was a higher female percentage than on the other hosts. No egg production occurred in virgin females. Prereproductive and reproductive periods of the females were not affected by hosts and averaged 6.3 ± 0.1 and 11.2 ± 0.1 d, respectively. Mean fecundity of 186.3 ± 1.8 eggs on plumeria was lower than on the other three plant species. Life history parameters of P. marginatus on hibiscus, acalypha, plumeria, and parthenium show its ability to develop, survive, and reproduce on a wide variety of plant species.
Joint Compression and Classification

As is described in Chapter 4, the classification algorithm based on 2-D HMMs improves classification by incorporation of context information. The purpose of this chapter is to develop a joint compression and classification algorithm based on 2-D HMMs so that the improved classification performance leads to improved compression and classification jointly. We call this algorithm the HMM VQ algorithm. Comparisons are made with BVQ, a joint compression and classification algorithm developed by Oehler, Gray, Perlmutter, Olshen, et al., which is described in Section 3.4.
Improved Splenic Function After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease.

Background Splenic dysfunction is a significant complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a proven cure for SCD; however, its long-term effect on splenic function is not well characterized. Procedure We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who had HSCT for SCD at two transplant centers. 99mTc liver–spleen (LS) scans were blindly reviewed and classified as demonstrating absent, decreased, or normal splenic uptake. Results Considering all engrafted nonsplenectomized Hb SS and Sβ0-thalassemia patients with LS scans available, at a median of 2.0 years post-HSCT (range 1.0–9.3 years) eight of 53 (15%) had normal, 40 of 53 (75%) decreased, and five of 53 (9%) absent splenic uptake. More patients had splenic uptake after HSCT: pre-HSCT 14/38 (37%) versus post-HSCT 34/38 (89%), P < 0.0001. Older age at HSCT was associated with worse splenic function post-HSCT (median age at HSCT for absent uptake 16.6 years vs. present uptake 8.0 years, P = 0.030). Extensive chronic GVHD was also more common in patients with absent splenic uptake compared to patients with present uptake (absent 40% vs. present 6%, P = 0.064). Conclusions HSCT significantly improves splenic function for most pediatric patients with SCD, but older patient age at time of HSCT and extensive chronic GVHD appear to be risk factors for poor post-HSCT splenic function.
Smells Like Teen Spirit

My parents are very active in their church and have an intense love of music and singing. These two areas are married in their long-term involvement in their church choir. My mother is a soprano and my father sings as a tenor. Their choir is a small handful of dutiful parishioners that lead the congregation through the hymns. I do not know if this is common among church choirs in the Midwest, but this little choir always seemed to be lacking male participants. The altos and sopranos outnumbered the male voices almost two to one during the years that I grew up. Compounded on top of this disparity, the number of men singing bass was always fewer than those that sung tenor. As a result of these mismatches, my older brother was drafted to sing as soon as his voiced changed. His singing voice ended up being a tad lower than my father’s voice. Really a baritone in voice, he was close enough to augment the meager amount of basses present.
Online Courses in Medical Technology Application, Support and Management Improve Effectiveness and Patient Safety

Education and training of clinical and technical staff interacting with medical technology enhances the effectiveness and safety of medical care. Effective methods for training include simulations and computer-based training. Online training via the Internet allows 24x7 accesses to training resources in an asynchronous fashion.
Spatial Aspects of Roost-Site Selection in Breeding Male Dark-Eyed Juncos

With the exception of a few species that roost communally or in cavities (e.g., Kluyver 1957, Meanley 1965, Kilham 1971, Pitts 1976, Swingland 1977, Lyon and Caccamise 1981, Morrison and Caccamise 1985, Stouffer and Caccamise 1991), roost-site selection is one of the more poorly known aspects of habitat use in passerine birds (Cody 1985). Available studies indicate that roost sites are chosen with respect to energetic considerations (Kendeigh 1961; Buttemer 1985; Walsberg 1986, 1990; Buttemer et al. 1987) or predator avoidance (Lack 1968, Walsberg and King 1980). Although it is also recognized that roosts (particularly communal ones) may be positioned with respect to local resource availability (e.g., Morrison and Caccamise 1985, Caccamise and Morrison 1988), roost-site selection may play a broader role in the spatial activity of birds. Choice of a particular roost might determine not only access to feeding sites, but also a variety of other behavioral options open to an individual at dawn (e.g., territory defense, intrusion onto neighboring territories). Conversely, behavioral demands at dawn might constrain roost-site selection (Chandler and Tolson 1990 provide an example for male lizards). In this note we describe spatial aspects of roost-site selection in breeding male Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis). The purpose of our analysis was to explore the possible role that roost sites might play in the overall spatial activity of a male passerine bird during the breeding season. Specifically, our objectives were to quantify (1) the spatial distribution of roost sites relative to the diurnal activity of male juncos, (2) the short-term (3-5 days) stability of these sites, and (3) the physical characteristics of summer roost sites.
Experimental infection of subpopulations of human peripheral blood leukocytes by herpes simplex virus.

SummaryResults from examination of peripheral blood leukocytes from five subjects, three with antibody to HSV and two without, showed that HSV type 1 may replicate in mitogen-stimulated T and B lymphocytes and in continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from either B or T cells. Significant replication was also noted in monocytes from each subject but not in polymorphonuclear leukocyte subpopulations. Replication in monocytes was found to be dependent on certain conditions of culture and viral inoculation. Only adherent cells cultured for 72-hr prior to infection produced significant yields of virus.
Spatial Distribution of Urban IP Pollution and CCA Analysis between IP and Meteorological Factors:A Case Study in Beijing

The spatial distribution of PM1.0,PM3.0 and PM5.0 concentration were simulated by using Kriging method with monitoring summer data obtained from 93 air sampling stations in Beijing urban area.Meanwhile,different regularity was shown in the experiment according to the concentration of particles in different weather conditions.The possible meteorological factors such as surface temperature,humidity of air and wind speed were analyzed.Furthermore,by means of CCA between airborne inhalable particulate concentration and some meteorological factors,the influences of different factors on pollutant concentration were compared.The results showed that spherical models with nuggets could fit the variograms of airborne inhalable particulates.The main polluted area in Beijing was centralized at southwest,northwest was weaker.Pollution degree in central city was relatively light,and the spatial relativity between three kinds of airborne inhalable particulate pollutant and their impact factors had spatial heterogeneity.The relative humidity significantly affected inhalable particulate pollution.Temperature was second,and the weakest factor was wind speed.
FRI0423 Impact of Disease Activity on Organ Damage Risk Over Time in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – The Hopkins Lupus Cohort

Background Disease activity increases the risk of irreversible organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but estimating that risk in absolute terms is challenging, given disease activity fluctuations, variable disease durations, and the roles of comorbid factors and treatment (corticosteroids) in organ damage. Objectives To understand the impact of disease activity (measured by SELENA-SLEDAI score) and proportion of time with a certain level of disease activity (measured by the proportion of clinic visits with disease activity at or above a prespecified SELENA-SLEDAI score) on the risk of developing new irreversible organ damage, as measured by the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI) score. Methods Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the impact of predictors, including measures of disease activity as time-dependent variables, on the risk of developing any new organ damage over time. Results Patients (N=2199) were followed for an average of 6.2 years (mean age at cohort entry, 38.0 years; mean disease duration, 5.1 years). The most frequent types of organ damage occurring over time were ocular (cataract) and musculoskeletal (osteoporotic fractures). In an initial model excluding the variable “proportion of clinic visits with SLEDAI score ≥6”, age and SDI score at cohort entry, SLEDAI score ( Conclusions Organ damage in SLE is multifactorial, with both corticosteroid treatment and disease activity playing roles. However, patients with high levels of disease activity for a greater proportion of the follow-up time had significantly higher organ damage risk compared to those with high levels of disease activity for a lesser proportion of the follow-up time. These findings call for active measures to control disease activity over time in SLE. Disclosure of Interest R. Burge Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, S. Al Sawah Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, X. Zhang Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Y. Wang Consultant for: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: inVentiv Health Clinical, L. Magder: None declared, M. Petri: None declared
When Should Computer Owners Be Liable for Copyright Infringement by Users

Computer networks have caused a radical change in the means of disseminating information, a change that will likely be as profound as the changes caused by the telephone and television,' and that may even rival the changes caused by the invention of the printing press. Copyright law, which the printing press first made necessary, has "always been closely connected with . . . technological improvements in means of dissemination."2 And, as technology has evolved, "[s]uccessive ages have drawn different balances among the interest of the writer in the control and exploitation of his intellectual property, the related interest of the publisher, and the competing interest of society in the untrammeled dissemination of ideas."3 Thus, as the Supreme Court observed, copyright law needs to "strike a balance between a copyright holder's legitimate demand for effective-not merely symbolic-protection of the statutory monopoly, and the rights of others freely to engage in substantially unrelated areas of commerce."4 With the advent of computers, courts need to strike a new balance between the interests of copyright owners and the right of society to use computer networks. To date, in four reported cases, courts have addressed the use of computer networks to reproduce and disseminate copyrighted materials illegally.5 A primary question in these cases is which theory of copy-
Moments of Random Variables

This chapter discusses moments of random variables including the concepts of expectation and variance, higher moments, conditional expectation, and the Chebyshev and Markov inequalities.
The World Markets for Stocks and Bonds

One way to answer these questions is to rely on anecdotes, and particularly the stories of the market participants. An alternative approach is to rely on the data. The answers to both questions are more ambiguous than they seem. Consider the answer to the second question at the end of 1989. Investors who owned Japanese shares had a higher rate of return higher than investors who owned shares of firms in other industrial countries over the previous 10 years, the previous 20 years, and even the previous 30 years. The high rates of return on Japanese stocks reflected both the sharp increase in stock prices in terms of yen (in the 1980s stock prices in yen terms increased by a factor of six) and the fact that over the previous 20 years the yen had appreciated by 4 or 5 percent a year.
Role of N-Donor Sterics on the Coordination Environment and Dimensionality of Uranyl Thiophenedicarboxylate Coordination Polymers

Thiophene 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDC) was reacted with uranyl acetate dihydrate and one (or none) of six N-donor chelating ligands (2,2′-bipyridine (BPY), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (4-MeBPY), 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (5-MeBPY), 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (6-MeBPY), 4,4′,6,6′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (4,6-MeBPY), and tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (TPPZ) to result in the crystallization of seven uranyl coordination polymers, which were characterized by their crystal structures and luminescence properties. The seven coordination polymers, Na2[(UO2)2(C6H2O4S)3]·4H2O (1), [(UO2)4(C6H2O4S)5(C10H8N2)2]·C10H10N2·3H2O (2), [(UO2)(C6H2O4S)(C12H12N3)] (3), [(UO2)(C6H2O4S)(C12H12N3)]·H2O (4), [(UO2)2(C6H2O4S)3]·(C12H14N2)·5H2O (5), [(UO2)3(CH3CO2)(C6H2O4S)4](C14H17N2)3·(C14H16N2)·H2O (6), and [(UO2)2(C6H2O4S)3](C24H18N6) (7), consist of either uranyl hexagonal bipyramidal or pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometries. In all structures, structural variations in the local and global structures of 1–7 ...
THE WAY I SEE IT: Recruiting the minority librarian: The secret to increasing the numbers

Recrutement, aux Etats-Unis, de bibliothecaires appartenant a une minorite raciale ou ethnique (noirs, asiatiques... )
The New Clinicopathologic and Molecular Findings in Myeloid Neoplasms With inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2).

Context.— Inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) is the most common form of genetic abnormality of the so-called 3q21q26 syndrome. Myeloid neoplasms with 3q21q26 aberrancies include acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and blast crisis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Recent advances on myeloid neoplasms with inv(3)/t(3;3) with regard to clinicopathologic features and novel molecular or genomic findings warrant a comprehensive review on this topic. Objective.— To review the clinicopathologic features and molecular as well as genomic alterations in myeloid neoplasms with inv(3)/t(3;3). Data Sources.— The data came from published articles in English-language literature. Conclusions.— At the clinicopathologic front, recent studies on MDS with inv(3)/t(3;3) have highlighted their overlapping clinicopathologic features with and similar overall survival to that of inv(3)/t(3;3)-harboring AML regardless of the percentage of myeloid blasts. On the molecular front, AML and MDS with inv(3)/t(3;3)...
μSR: Report on the 4th International Conference at Uppsala

In this summary the author has chosen to examine a few central problems of the science of ..mu..SR, to let the readers outside the field catch a glimpse of the excitement of the subject, and to defer matters of science policy to others.
Web-based bioinformatics workflows for end-to-end RNA-seq data computation and analysis in agricultural animal species

Remarkable advances in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, bioinformatics algorithms and computational technologies have significantly accelerated genomic research. However, complicated NGS data analysis still remains as a major bottleneck. RNA-seq, as one of the major area in the NGS field, also confronts great challenges in data analysis. To address the challenges in RNA-seq data analysis, we developed a web portal that offers three integrated workflows that can perform end-to-end compute and analysis, including sequence quality control, read-mapping, transcriptome assembly, reconstruction and quantification, and differential analysis. The first workflow utilizes Tuxedo (Tophat, Cufflink, Cuffmerge and Cuffdiff suite of tools). The second workflow deploys Trinity for de novo assembly and uses RSEM for transcript quantification and EdgeR for differential analysis. The third combines STAR, RSEM, and EdgeR for data analysis. All these workflows support multiple samples and multiple groups of samples and perform differential analysis between groups in a single workflow job submission. The calculated results are available for download and post-analysis. The supported animal species include chicken, cow, duck, goat, pig, horse, rabbit, sheep, turkey, as well as several other model organisms including yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, and human, with genomic sequences and annotations obtained from ENSEMBL. The RNA-seq portal is freely available from http://weizhongli-lab.org/RNA-seq . The web portal offers not only bioinformatics software, workflows, computation and reference data, but also an integrated environment for complex RNA-seq data analysis for agricultural animal species. In this project, our aim is not to develop new RNA-seq tools, but to build web workflows for using popular existing RNA-seq methods and make these tools more accessible to the communities.
A phase II study utilizing oxaliplatin and docetaxel in androgen independent prostate cancer in men treated with up to two prior chemotherapy regimens

14580 Background: Second line treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is unsatisfactory. Single agent docetaxel has demonstrated survival benefit in AIPC. In a phase-I study utiliz...
Motivation Precedes Goal Setting in Prediction of Cannabis Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents

abstractStudies have shown that motivation to change is related to better substance use outcomes among treatment-seeking adolescents. Goal setting, which may be related to motivation, also has been shown to be associated with positive treatment outcomes. However, relationships between motivation and goal setting as mediators of change in cannabis use over time among treated youths have not been investigated. This study tested direct and indirect associations of motivation and goal setting with cannabis use frequency over 12-month follow-up among treated adolescents. A longitudinal study of 163 adolescents enrolled in intensive outpatient substance use treatment (mean age = 16.69, 34% female, 87% Caucasian) provided repeated assessment of motivation, goal setting, and cannabis use. Path analysis tested direct and indirect effects of motivation and goal setting on cannabis use. A comparison of two path models that tested motivation and goal setting independently showed that goal setting had better model fit...
In-vivo characterization of angiogenesis in tumor-bearing rats using multiple scattering of ultrasound

There are significant differences in microvasculature density, tortuosity, and anisotropy of cancerous and benign tissue, which makes non-invasive methods to quantify these microvascular architectural properties highly relevant for applications like monitoring the response to anti-angiogenic treatments. We present a method to quantify these properties using ultrasound multiple scattering from contrast agent microbubbles injected into the vasculature.
Efficacy of Manipulation Under Anesthesia for Stiffness Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background Knee stiffness following primary total knee arthroplasty can lead to unsatisfactory patient outcomes secondary to persistent pain and loss of function. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) remains a viable option for treatment of post-operative stiffness. However, the optimal timing and clinical efficacy of manipulation of anesthesia remains unknown. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies that reported clinical outcomes for patients who underwent MUA for post-operative stiffness treatment. Repeat MUA procedures were included in the study but were analyzed separately. Results Twenty-two studies (1488 patients) reported on range of motion (ROM) after MUA, and 4 studies (81 patients) reported ROM after repeat MUA. All studies reported pre-MUA motion of less than 90°, while mean ROM at last follow-up exceeded 90° in all studies except 2. For studies reporting ROM improvement following repeat MUA, the mean pre-manipulation ROM was 80° and the mean post-manipulation ROM was 100.6°. Conclusion MUA remains an efficacious, minimally invasive treatment option for post-operative stiffness following TKA. MUA provides clinically significant improvement in ROM for most patients, with the best outcomes occurring in patients treated within 12 weeks post-operatively. Prospero Registration Number CRD42016052215.
A quality assurance investigation of CLABSI events: are there exceptions to never?:

Background:In the USA, central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) have been designated as ‘never events’, prompting initiatives towards a ‘zero CLABSIs’ standard. We propose that the...
What Works: Creating Adaptive and Intelligent Systems for Collaborative Learning Support

An emerging trend in classrooms is the use of collaborative learning environments that promote lively exchanges between learners in order to facilitate learning. This paper explored the possibility of using discourse features to predict student and group performance during collaborative learning interactions. We investigated the linguistic patterns of group chats, within an online collaborative learning exercise, on five discourse dimensions using an automated linguistic facility, Coh-Metrix. The results indicated that students who engaged in deeper cohesive integration and generated more complicated syntactic structures performed significantly better. The overall group level results indicated collaborative groups who engaged in deeper cohesive and expository style interactions performed significantly better on posttests. Although students do not directly express knowledge construction and cognitive processes, our results indicate that these states can be monitored by analyzing language and discourse. Implications are discussed regarding computer supported collaborative learning and ITS's to facilitate productive communication in collaborative learning environments.
Use of Selective Inorganic Ion Exchangers for the Separation of Rare Earths

Presented is a preliminary study of the adsorption of lanthanides on several types of inorganic ion exchangers. The exchangers used are a proton form of Na4Ti9O20, Zr(C6H4P2O6)x(HPO4)2−2x·xH2O (ZrMPP), and Zr(C12H8P2O6)x(HPO4)2−2x·xH2O (ZrBPP). The distribution coefficient for some of the lanthanide ions on these materials suggest that they can be used to remove lanthanide ions from solutions containing alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, and can also be used for separation of the individual lanthanide ions by column experiments.
Critical epidemiology in action: Research for and by indigenous peoples

Global social justice movements, including transnational activism for indigenous rights, are working to promote health equity by transforming public health research and policy. Yet little social scientific research has examined how professional epidemiologists are figuring within such efforts. Discussions are unfolding, however, in critical sectors of epidemiology about how to improve the profession's input into advocacy. Findings from a multi-sited ethnographic study of epidemiological research for and by indigenous peoples in three settings (Aotearoa/New Zealand, the continental U.S., and Hawai'i) demonstrate how researchers/practitioners connect epidemiology and advocacy by: (1) linking the better-known legitimacy of quantitative methods to a lesser-known causal framework that positions colonialism as a sociopolitical determinant of health, (2) producing technical critiques that aim to improve the accuracy and accessibility of indigenous population health statistics, and (3) adopting a pragmatic flexibility in response to the shifting political conditions that shape when, whether and how epidemiological findings support advocacy for indigenous health equity. Attending closely to the credibility tactics at hand in this work, and to the skills and sensibilities of its practitioners, charts new directions for future research about epidemiology's contributions to advocacy for health equity.