cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab initio study of CaO. The importance of atomic correlation and a bondlength question

Abstract Extensively correlated ab initio potential energy and dipole moment curves are calculated for the X 1 Σ + , a 3 Π, A 1 Σ + , and 3 Σ + states of CaO over the range 3.0 au ⩽ R ⩽ 6.0 au. The calculations are the first which correctly predict that X 1 Σ + is the ground state of CaO. Vertical spectra, adiabatic spectra, spectroscopic constants, curve crossings, and dipole moments are determined. The 3 Σ + results are apparently the first accurate values available. The dipole moment function is a linear function of bondlength for the Π states and 3 Σ + . Two extrema occur in the dipole moment function of X 1 Σ + . Combined with experimental results, this suggests that μ(X 1 Σ + ) exhibits a maximum near R e in the heavy alkaline earth monoxides. The μ(A 1 Σ + ) increases sharply near R e . The X 1 Σ + calculations require special attention near R e : Localized ionic entities are involved which have different MO configurations and different correlation requirements. A second-order theory which correctly describes atomic correlation is necessary. The ab initio bondlengths are systematically larger than the experimental bondlengths by amounts that are greater than the expected accuracy limits of the calculations. This overestimation is also observed in KF, KCl and KOH, but ab initio bondlengths of the lighter metal alkali halides and alkaline earth monoxides agree closely with experiment. It appears that the core electrons must be responsible, possibly because of explicit core correlation requirements and/or relativistic corrections.
Order-winning criteria and factory automation: an empirical study

Abstract In this paper we identify important market segments based on order-winning criteria, and examine how well they coincide with a firm's factory automation decisions. Cluster analysis of the results produced five groups of manufacturing firms who differ in the emphasis they accord 12 order-winning criteria. Situational factors and demographic variables are used to explain the differences, and establish the clusters as meaningful segments.
The Place of Time in Cognition

Dynamical systems theorists (dynamicists) allege that symbolic models of cognition are essentially incomplete because they fail to capture the temporal properties of mental processing. I present two possible interpretations of the dynamicists' argument from time and show that neither one is successful. The disagreement between dynamicists and symbolic theorists rests not on temporal considerations per se, but on differences over the multiple realizability of cognitive states and the proper explanatory goals of psychology. The negative arguments of dynamicists against symbolic models fail, and it is doubtful whether pursuing dynamicists' explanatory goals will lead to a robust psychological theory.
Factor Structure and Discriminative Validity of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory With Young Children

This study examined the factor structure and discriminative validity of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) with community-based and clinic-referred samples of young children (2–6 years). In the community sample, confirmatory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure with components reflecting Inattentive, Oppositional Defiant, and Conduct Problem Behavior. In the clinic sample, component scores differentiated children with specific behavior problems from children without significant externalizing symptoms. However, component scores did not differentiate within the externalizing spectrum. The data suggest that ECBI components may be useful to screen community-based and clinic-referred young children for externalizing symptoms, but may be less useful to identify children with specific behavior problems.
The theory of decision making.

This literature review of decision making (how people make choices among desirable alternatives), culled from the disciplines of psychology, economics, and mathematics, covers the theory of riskless choices, the application of the theory of riskless choices to welfare economics, the theory of risky choices, transitivity of choices, and the theory of games and statistical decision functions. The theories surveyed assume rational behavior: individuals have transitive preferences (“… if A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A is preferred to C.”), choosing from among alternatives in order to “… maximize utility or expected utility.” 209-item bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Effects of semantic list structure differences in free recall

Free recall learning of a mixed list of 20 related and 20 unrelated words was enhanced more if the related words belonged to common taxonomie categories than if they were hierarchically ordered as a single branch of a “semantic tree” (e.g., animal, mammal, dog, terrier). The same difference obtained in 1-week delayed recall. No significant taxonomic-hierarchic differences were found in clustering. More detailed analyses indicated the hierarchical recall decrement to reflect fewer recalled items per set during learning, but fewer sets represented in delayed recall. These results were interpreted on the basis of a two-stage retrieval process, distinguishing access to a semantic set from subsequent access to items within the set.
Effects of vertebrate hormones on development and sex determination in Daphnia magna

Daphnia (Crustacea) are extensively used as model organisms in ecotoxicology; however, little is known regarding their endocrine system. This study examines Daphnia vulnerability to vertebrate hormones. Twelve natural or synthetic vertebrate hormones were screened for activity on developmental and reproductive processes in Daphnia magna. Natural hormones tested included: β-estradiol, gonadotropin, hydrocortisone, insulin, melatonin, progesterone, somatostatin, testosterone, and thyroxine at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μg/L. Synthetic hormones tested included diethylstilbestrol (estrogenic), R-1881 (androgen), and ICI-182,780 (antiestrogen); all hormones were screened with a 6-d assay. Additionally, progesterone, insulin, testosterone, and thyroxine were screened for 25 d. Diethylstilbestrol decreased D. magna growth rate while thyroxine increased it. Short-term testosterone exposure reduced D. magna fecundity; however, long-term exposure did not, potentially indicating testosterone hydroxylation with long-term exposure. Hormones commonly considered sex-hormones (estrogens and androgens) in vertebrates do not appear to control sexual differentiation in D. magna; however, several vertebrate hormones do affect reproduction and development in D. magna making D. magna a potentially useful tool in monitoring for the presence of these hormones or compounds that mimic them.
Intelligent control at the OSU Control Research Lab

The field of intelligent control has witnessed remarkable growth recently. Two main trends fuel this surge: our increasing understanding of how biological systems operate and astounding advances in computer technology. Together, these advances encourage the development of the field of intelligent control by providing alternative strategies for designing and implementing controllers for dynamical systems. As remarkable as this growth has been, development of the resulting intelligent controllers still fits within the conventional engineering methodology for the construction of control systems. Thus, effective intelligent control research requires a team of investigators, well grounded in the theory and application of conventional control methods. The Control Research Laboratory at Ohio State's Department of Electrical Engineering is one such group. The article includes some of the major players at the CRL and gives an overview of the work going on there.
Turbulence Measured by Anemometers, Kites and Turbine Blade Strain

Anemometer and strain gauged Tala kite wind data are analyzed with concurrent blade strain on a 600 kW wind turbine. While anemometer spectra drop at 1 Hz, the kite shows considerable energy up to several Hz. The rain flow count method identified discrete and nested cycles in the data. When registering a large amplitude cycle, the kite moved significantly from it`s no cycle position demonstrating that the kite actively seeks out and samples turbulence lumps over an area as opposed to a fixed anemometer. The kite simulated measured number of cycles and durations reasonably well while the anemometer failed.
Synthesis of azido end-functionalized polyacrylates via atom transfer radical polymerization

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was demonstrated to yield well-defined polyacrylates with halogen end groups. These halogen end groups were transformed to azide groups which were subsequently reduced into amino groups. The replacement of the halogen end groups by azide groups was obtained either by using sodium azide or by treatment with trimethylsilyl azide in the presence of both stoichiometric and catalytic amounts of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). The azide end groups were reacted with triphenylphosphine in order to obtain iminophosphorane groups which were then hydrolyzed yielding amino terminated polyacrylates.
IMMUNOLOGICAL DISTINCTION OF AKR THYMOCYTES.

IN a previous communication we reported discovery of a strong antigen associated with the thymic lymphocytes of AKR mice1. Old, Boyse and Stockert have reported absorption of specific iso-antisera by thymus of A and C58 mice, and cytolysis of some leukaemias of A and C57BL/6 mice by the same iso-antisera. These results indicated presence of a common antigen (the TL antigen) in the tissues mentioned2. This antigen, and the antigens common to the Friend, Moloney and Rauscher viruses (the FMR antigens), are not related to the AKR thymic antigen2,3.
Control and Monitoring of a High Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process

Model-based control and monitoring such as feed-forward/feedback control, fault detection and isolation (FDI), and fault-tolerant control (FTC) techniques that utilize Lyapunov-based control laws are implemented on a high recovery reverse osmosis desalination plant model. A detailed mathematical model of a high recovery reverse osmosis plant is developed. This model incorporates the large spatial variations of concentration and flow rate that occur in membrane units during high recovery operation. Bounded nonlinear feedback and feed-forward controllers are developed and applied to this system. The application of these controllers with FDI and FTC is demonstrated in the context of a high recovery reverse osmosis process simulation. The first set of simulations demonstrates the ability to compensate for the effects of large time-varying disturbances in the feed concentration on specific process outputs with and without feed-forward control. The second set of simulations demonstrates the ability of FDI and F...
Claire L. Felbinger

Claire L. Felbinger passed away suddenly at her home on Wednesday, May 28, due to a complication from multiple sclerosis (MS). At the time of her death, she had been employed at the Japan International Transport Institute.
Traumatic lumbar spinal subdural hematoma

Abstract Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition associated with trauma, lumbar puncture, hemorrhagic disorder, anticoagulant therapy, spinal surgery, tumor, vascular malformations, and spinal or epidural anesthesia. Traumatic SDH is even more uncommon than other forms of SDH with only 10 reported cases in the literature. Following a punch to the head and loss of consciousness, a 35-year-old man reported headaches, right-sided tinnitus, and dull ache behind both eyes. He also experienced sacral pain with stiffness that was exacerbated by movement. MRI showed an isolated lumbar SDH causing mild stenosis. On follow-up, the patient still experienced right-sided tinnitus and bilateral sacral radiculopathy and was prescribed prednisone with repeat MRI at 6weeks. At the next follow-up, the patient’s radiculopathy had resolved completely. Our case illustrates rapid resolution of a posttraumatic spinal SDH after treatment with oral corticosteroids. Recognition of blood products on MRI is vital to diagnosis and expedient treatment. There is agreement that prompt laminectomy with evacuation of SDH should be performed before permanent damage to the spinal cord occurs. Including our patient, 4 of 11 reported cases of thoracic or lumbar SDH resolved with conservative treatment.
DIFFUSION AND REACTION WITH A LIMITED AMOUNT OF REACTANT

(1981). DIFFUSION AND REACTION WITH A LIMITED AMOUNT OF REACTANT. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 13, No. 1-3, pp. 145-152.
Therapy Insight: cardiovascular complications associated with muscular dystrophies

Cardiovascular complications, including cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias, are frequently seen in patients with muscular dystrophies. This review discusses the pathogenesis of the main forms of muscular dystrophy and focuses on how appropriate management of these disorders can improve the function, well being and longevity of patients. The muscular dystrophies are commonly associated with cardiovascular complications, including cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias. These complications are caused by intrinsic defects in cardiomyocyte and cardiac conduction system function, and by the presence of severe skeletal muscle disease, which also contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Unlike the skeletal muscle degenerative process, for which treatment options are currently limited, therapy is available for the cardiovascular complications that accompany muscular dystrophy. New therapies for skeletal muscle degeneration are moving into clinical trials and, ultimately, into clinical practice. These therapies are expected to also improve the cardiac function, longevity and wellbeing of muscular dystrophy patients.
A model-based computer vision system for recognizing handwritten ZIP codes

This paper describes a recognition system for handwritten ZIP Codes currently under development at the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM). Included within this system are techniques for preprocessing address block images, locating ZIP Codes, splitting touching characters, and identifying handwritten numerals. These techniques rely on mathematical morphology-based image processing and on hierarchical matching of object models to symbolic image representations. The image processing uses adaptive filtering, thresholding, and skeletonizing to create binary and state-labeled images. The matching process uses these images and extensively developed handwritten digit models to identify ZIP Codes. The end-to-end system has been tested on 500 randomly selected address block images. The system correctly recognized a large portion of the ZIP Codes in the test images (45.0%), and incorrectly classified a very low percentage of isolated handwritten digits (0.9%). Overall performance continues to be improved through incremental digit model refinement.
LA LÓGICA DEL TRAUMA: DICTADURA, POSDICTADURA Y MELANCOLÍA EN ESTRELLA DISTANTE

Estrella distante, novela del fenecido escritor chileno Roberto Bolano, sumerge al lector en las memorias abismales de la dictadura chilena, trazando un terrorifi co imaginario del cual emergen los fragmentos de la nacion. Construido como el “testimonio” melancolico de Arturo B., un fracasado poeta izquierdista, Estrella distante recorre las ruinas de la memoria nacional de los anos de Allende y Pinochet, articulando a su vez una refl exion sobre los horrores de la dictadura y sus repercusiones en el periodo de transicion al estado democratico. Ayudado por su amigo, el tambien poeta Bibiano O’Ryan, Arturo se convierte a traves de la novela en una suerte de detective literario que ausculta textos y fuentes oscuras en su obsesiva busqueda del paradero de Carlos Wieder, un escritor vanguardista que es a la vez colaborador y aviador militar de la dictadura. A partir de la persecucion del rastro de Wieder se reconstruye entonces la memoria melancolica de Arturo y, al mismo tiempo, de la nacion chilena. De esta forma, Estrella distante se fi gura como una intervencion sobre los signifi cados posibles del trauma de la dictadura para la literatura en tiempos de la posdictadura. Como veremos, la pasividad melancolica de Arturo pareceria reproducir la obsesion de las izquierdas politicas y esteticas con la perdida, tanto ideologica como material, que represento la dictadura, borrando asi la posibilidad contestataria de cualquier tipo de representacion. Sin embargo, esta posibilidad se reactiva a traves de los tres relatos que interrumpen la narracion, tres relatos que al interrumpir el discurso de negatividad totalizante –el duelo infi nito por la perdida y el fracaso – imaginan un nuevo sentido de comunidad mas alla del trauma de la dictadura y del orden nacional. Entablando un dialogo critico con los estudios literarios sobre la dictadura y la posdictadura chilena, especialmente con el trabajo critico de Idelber Avelar, el presente ensayo examinara este nudo de dilemas, cuestionando que discurso etico-politico, si alguno, yace incrustado en el universo taciturno de Estrella distante.1
Observation of preferential donor-acceptor pairing in ZnSe: Na

Abstract Donor-acceptor preferential pairing can occur in compensated semiconductors due to the Coulomb attraction between ionized donors and acceptors. However, extensive preferential pairing requires high ion mobilities at relatively low temperatures, and has been very difficult to establish conclusively. We here report identification of such preferential pairing, from donor-acceptor pair luminescence in two samples of Na-doped ZnSe. We observed essentially identical close pair lines (both in location and in relative intensity) in both samples, but the associated distant pair peak was observed at a higher energy in one sample than in the other. We explain this by assuming that there is strong preferential pairing in the first sample and weaker pairing in the second sample. Our observation of preferential pairing also shows that one can have high ion mobilities in ZnSe.
Modeling diffusion and gas–oil mass transfer in fractured reservoirs

Abstract Diffusion may play a key role in a number of oil recovery processes such as heavy oil and naturally fractured reservoirs. In fractured media, several laboratory experiments and numerical studies demonstrated that CO 2 injection can improve recovery. Molecular diffusion, gravity drainage, and oil swelling are the main contributing mechanisms. Proper modeling of diffusion at the reservoir PVT and geological conditions is not a trivial task. The challenge is in computing the diffusion coefficients for the non-ideal multicomponent mixtures in the oil and gas phases, and in physically accurate representation of the diffusion driving forces. One common approach in most numerical models is to use the classical Fick's law which simplifies the multicomponent diffusion fluxes by only considering the main-diffusion (diagonal) terms and neglecting the cross-diffusion (off-diagonal) terms in the diffusion matrix. The diffusion fluxes are assumed independent and the diffusion driving force of each component is proportional to the component self concentration gradient. In this work, we demonstrate analytically and numerically that this simplified approach may not honor the total flux balance and, in some applications, fails to capture the right direction of the diffusion flux. We propose an alternative model based on the generalized Fick's law. The proposed model can be seen equivalent to the Maxwell–Stefan model. The diffusion fluxes take into account the species interactions and the diffusion coefficients are dependent on temperature, pressure, and composition. We also tackle another problem related to cross-phase mass transfer of components in the gas and oil phases. This mechanism may occur in fractured media when fractures saturated with gas get in contact with under-saturated oil in the surrounding matrix. Intra-phase gas (gas-in-gas) and oil (oil-in-oil) diffusions cannot be initiated due to phase discontinuities between the fracture and the rock matrix. Some approaches in the literature that allow for direct gas-to-oil diffusion may not have a sound basis. We propose an accurate and numerically efficient model to describe the gas–oil transfer mechanism. The proposed model, based on irreversible thermodynamics, uses the chemical potential gradient as the driving force. The gas–oil transfer coefficients are functions of the gas and oil diffusion coefficients. In this model, the component fluxes are assumed continuous across the gas–oil contact and the interface fluid is in thermodynamic equilibrium. Several numerical and experimental cases are provided to validate the proposed model.
Annual dynamics of sperm production and storage in the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in the southeastern United States

The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, is an invasive species found in warmer regions throughout the world, including the southern United States. In Louisiana, H. turcicus appears to be free of competition and has been rapidly expanding its range in the past several decades. However, in Florida and Texas, H. turcicus is heavily out-competed by closely related competitors that do not occur in Louisiana, including H. frenatus, of which a substantial amount of reproductive morphology and ecology is known. Although the reproductive cycle of H. turcicus has been studied in Florida and Louisiana, little is known about the seasonal variation of their oviduct and if they are capable of storing sperm, which can have substantial implications for reproductive competition. We analysed sperm production, storage and seasonal variation in the testes and oviducts of H. turcicus using light and electron microscopy. Previous studies found that female H. frenatus store sperm in the uterine-infundibular region for up to 36 weeks, and that their oviducts are active year-round. In H. turcicus, we found that sperm are stored in the uterine-infundibular region of the oviduct, and sperm are stored from May through August. Hemidactylus turcicus has one breeding season per year, producing three to four clutches between May and August, but between September and February minimal activity occurs in the oviduct. Additionally, male H. turcicus are producing sperm throughout the entire reproductive season, but whether females utilize stored sperm to fertilize eggs or if they mate continually throughout the spring and summer is unknown.
Alternative chromium reduction and heavy metal precipitation methods for industrial wastewater

A study of alternative chromium-reduction and heavy-metal precipitation methods was performed on wastewater generated by a metal-cleaning facility. Four existing chromium-reduction treatment methods were tested on the wastewater samples: treatment with (1) sodium metabisulfite, (2) ferrous sulfate, (3) zero-valent iron, and (4) dimethyl dithio carbamate, ferrous sulfate, and aluminum/chloride. We found that the first two methods are more effective in chrome reduction, while the last method achieved similar reduction results but produced more sludge than any of the other methods. Our results also indicated that when ferrous sulfate was used as a chrome reduction reagent at a low initial pH (2 to 3), the competitive oxidation reaction of ferrous ions with dissolved oxygen in solution is insignificant. When iron powder was used to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, we found that (a) when the sample containing low levels of total chromium (⩽ 1.54 × 10− 4 mole/liter) was mixed properly with zero-valent iron powders at a low pH (4 to 5), the total chromium concentration could be reduced to 1 mg/l in 3 hours; and (b) the chrome absorption-reduction efficiency is limited by the transport process of Cr(VI) from the bulk of the wastewater to the surface of the iron powder. In a leaching test of used iron powder filtered from the treated wastewater, we also found that most of chromium absorbed on the iron powder was very stable, and only low Cr(VI) was detected in the leachate.
Bowel permeability is improved in Crohn's disease after ileocolectomy.

PURPOSE: Numerous investigators have shown increased bowel permeability in patients with Crohn's disease. It is unclear whether this is a precondition affecting the entire intestine or a consequence of the inflammation and, therefore, only affecting the diseased bowel. The present study tested the hypothesis that resection of diseased bowel in patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease would correct abnormalities in bowel permeability. METHODS: Ten patients (5 females; mean age, 33±2 years) with ileocolonic Crohn's disease who underwent elective ileocolic resections had bowel permeability measured preoperatively and postoperatively by the relative urinary clearance of orally consumed lactulose and rhamnose. RESULTS: Mean preoperative bowel permeability in patients with Crohn's disease was significantly elevated relative to healthy volunteers (0.172±0.04vs. 0.046±0.01;P<0.05, unpairedt-test). After ileocolectomy, bowel permeability decreased in patients with Crohn's disease and reached a normal range by postoperative day 30. CONCLUSIONS: Bowel permeability is increased in patients with ileocolic Crohn's disease because of the presence of diseased bowel and decreases to a normal range in these patients after resection of gross intestinal disease. This suggests that bowel permeability may be a quantitative and clinically effective method with which to assess the presence and severity of diseased bowel in patients with Crohn's disease.
Host-range control of a retroviral disease: Friend erythroleukemia

Since its discovery in 1957, Friend viral erythroleukemia has been the major model for understanding host genetic barriers to retroviral diseases and has facilitated the discovery of many polymorphic leukemia-control genes of mice. Some of these genes limit helper-virus replication, target-cell (erythroblast) pools or immune responses. At least one host gene appears to block the viral oncoprotein.
The effects of halogen toxicants on survival, feeding and egg production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Abstract The toxicity of free chlorine and combined chlorine as chloramine to the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis at three exposure temperatures has been evaluated. Chloramine was more toxic to rotifers than the free halogen form with LC 50 values for 30-min exposures at 20 °C of 0·35 mg l −1 applied chloramine and 1·20 mg l −1 applied free chlorine, 0·02 mg l −1 and 0·18 mg l −1 residual levels, respectively. The synergistic effect of temperature on the toxicity of both halogen forms was also noted. Rotifers surviving exposure to either halogen toxicant had significantly lower filtration rates and egg production rates than control animals. The reduced reproductive rates were not sustained by the second generation of rotifers and it appears that exposure to free chlorine or chloramine does not result in a permanent alteration in the reproductive potential of rotifer populations.
Successful deceased donor renal transplant in a sensitized pediatric recipient with the use of plasmapheresis.

: Sensitization following renal transplant is a significant barrier to repeat transplantation in children. We report a successful DD renal transplant, with the use of PP, in an 11-yr-old girl who became highly sensitized following a prior failed transplant. She received PP treatments after failure of high-dose IVIg (Gamimune®). We established the effectiveness of PP by attaining a 0% PRA and negative cross-matches after five PP treatments. Subsequently, our patient underwent a second round of scheduled PP. When the PRA was 0%, unacceptable antigens were removed from the UNOS wait list, PP was continued, and a kidney became available within 10 days. The final flow cytometry cross-match with the eventual donor was negative. This success demonstrates that coordination of desensitization by PP and advanced laboratory monitoring techniques with recent policies regarding allocation of organs to pediatric patients provides new opportunities for children awaiting transplantation. Since the transplant, our patient sustained a low-titer increase of anti-HLA antibodies. However, she has had no episodes of acute rejection and has maintained excellent graft function more than 17 months later.
On the Relationship between Synoptic Wintertime Atmospheric Variability and Path Shifts in the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio Extension

Abstract Coherent, large-scale shifts in the paths of the Gulf Stream (GS) and the Kuroshio Extension (KE) occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Attention has usually been drawn to causes for these shifts in the overlying atmosphere, with some built-in delay of up to a few years resulting from propagation of wind-forced variability within the ocean. However, these shifts in the latitudes of separated western boundary currents can cause substantial changes in SST, which may influence the synoptic atmospheric variability with little or no time delay. Various measures of wintertime atmospheric variability in the synoptic band (2–8 days) are examined using a relatively new dataset for air–sea exchange [Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux)] and subsurface temperature indices of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio path that are insulated from direct air–sea exchange, and therefore are preferable to SST. Significant changes are found in the atmospheric variability following changes in the paths of these ...
On the intrinsic conductivity of polysulphur-nitride

Polysulphur-nitride, (SN), is an unusually interesting polymer. Its solid phase and that of the parent molecular crystal have the same space group symmetry, with the same atoms and electrons per unit cell and very slight differences in bond lengths. Yet, they have completely different electronic properties. Accurate electronic structure calculations have been carried out for the polymer and molecular crystal phases at Hartree-Fock, Hartree and Local density Approximation levels. The results are qualitatively the same at these levels, and they are consistent with experimental observations. This shows that correlation does not play a deciding role. The results also re-emphasize a way to synthesize conducting polymers by polymerizing monomer molecules from their crystal phase. Simulations like in this work can be valuable to guide synthesis.
Gulliver's sign: A recognizable transition from inflammatory to healing stages of pyoderma gangrenosum.

AbstractBackground: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) often necessitates long-term immunosuppressant therapy. Many patients may receive treatment for longer periods and higher doses than is clinically necessary because clinicians may have difficulty differentiating between active disease and an inactive residual ulcer that is often slow to heal.Objective: Recognition of the correct point to begin tapering therapy can help reduce the risk of adverse effects associated with treatment.Results: This article describes Gulliver’s sign, a recognizable transition in PG patients which indicates that inflammation is under control.Conclusion: This sign can be used to guide the tapering of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant therapies in the treatment of PG.
Mikhail Kalatozov's The Red Tent: A Case Study in International Coproduction across the Iron Curtain

In the spring of 1928, Italian dirigible designer and Arctic explorer Umberto Nobile led an expedition to cross the North Pole in the airship Italia. Under Nobile's command were 15 Italian crewmemb...
Intentions, Deception, and Motivated Reasoning

When “X deceives Y,” Y typically believes that X is being or is attempting to be truthful, although X is intentionally acting in a way that is geared toward prompting a false belief in Y (Sokol 200...
The initial kinetics of reversible bridging flocculation

Abstract Von Smoluchowski's flocculation formalism is modified to treat the case of bivalent flocculants acting on particles of comparable size. Possible dissociation effects are also included. The resulting equations are solved using a power series approach in which various small species' concentrations are obtained as series in a characteristic reduced time. These analytical expressions may, for example, be combined with Coulter counter data to yield information on the fundamental interaction parameters of the system. The power series approach is limited by its rather small effective radius of convergence.
Why are Californians interested in hybrid cars

This paper explores quantitatively Californians' interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on a statewide phone survey conducted in July 2004 by the Public Policy Institute of California. The paper develops ordered choice models and factors that summarise beliefs about energy and the environment using principal component analysis. As expected, Californians concerned about the environment, energy efficiency, global warming and recent increases in the price of gasoline state a higher interest in hybrids; an even more important reason for considering hybrid electric vehicles, however, is the possibility of using high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes while driving alone, especially for people with potentially long commutes to work. The findings also suggest that beliefs about energy and the environment should be included in vehicle type choice models.
Intracellular Actions of Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase A2 and Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Contribute to Arachidonic Acid Release and Prostaglandin Production in Rat Gastric Mucosal Cells and Transfected Human Embryonic Kidney Cells

Gastric epithelial cells liberate prostaglandin E2 in response to cytokines as part of the process of healing of gastric lesions. Treatment of the rat gastric epithelial cell line RGM1 with transforming growth factor-α and interleukin-1β leads to synergistic release of arachidonate and production of prostaglandin E2. Results with highly specific and potent phospholipase A2 inhibitors and with small interfering RNA show that cytosolic phospholipase A2-α and group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 contribute to arachidonate release from cytokine-stimulated RGM1 cells. In the late phase of arachidonate release, group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 is induced (detected at the mRNA and protein levels), and the action of cytosolic phospholipase A2-α is required for this induction. Results with RGM1 cells and group IIA secreted phospholipase A2-transfected HEK293 cells show that the group IIA phospholipase acts prior to externalization from the cells. RGM1 cells also express group XIIA secreted phospholipase A2, but this enzyme is not regulated by cytokines nor does it contribute to arachidonate release. The other eight secreted phospholipases A2 were not detected in RGM1 cells at the mRNA level. These results clearly show that cytosolic and group IIA secreted phospholipases A2 work together to liberate arachidonate from RGM1 cell phospholipids in response to cytokines.
Remodeling Filtering Blebs with the Neodymium:YAG Laser

Purpose: To describe a new method of treating large, overfiltering, leaking blebs using a continuous-wave neodymium:YAG laser. Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients underwent YAG laser remodeling because of overfiltration and hypotony (group 1; n=14); leaking bleb and hypotony (group 2; n=5); and large, irritating bleb (group 3; n=4). Using a neodymium:YAG laser in the continuous-wave multimode, a grid pattern of laser treatment was placed over the entire bleb using energy levels between 3.0 and 4.0 J and a laser offset between 0.9 and 1.2 mm. A torpedo patch then was placed directly over the bleb for 48 hours. Steroid therapy was avoided. Results: In group 1, 64% of eyes had an intraocular pressure increase of at least 3.0 mmHg. In group 2, 80% of bleb leaks were sealed. In group 3, 100% of patients had resolution of their discomfort. The elevation in intraocular pressure peaked at 1 to 3 months and diminished thereafter. There was improvement in vision of at least two Snellen acuity lines in 52% of eyes. Complications included the need for laser retreatment (7 eyes), creation of temporary bleb leak by the YAG laser (2 eyes), transient increase in intraocular pressure (2 eyes), and corneal edema (1 eye). Conclusion: The continuous-wave neodymium:YAG laser can be used to effectively change the appearance and behavior of filtering blebs, although the duration of treatment effect is unknown.
Differential Regulation of Two Isoforms of the Glial Glutamate Transporter EAAT2 by DLG1 and CaMKII

The gene for EAAT2, the major astrocytic glutamate transporter, generates two carrier isoforms (EAAT2a and EAAT2b) that vary at their C termini as a consequence of alternative RNA splicing. The EAAT2b cytoplasmic C terminus contains a postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1 (PDZ) ligand, which is absent in EAAT2a. To understand how the distinct C termini might affect transporter trafficking and surface localization, we generated Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that stably express EGFP-EAAT2a or EGFP-EAAT2b and found robust basolateral membrane expression of the EAAT2b isoform. In contrast, EAAT2a displayed a predominant distribution within intracellular vesicle compartments, constitutively cycling to and from the membrane. Addition of the PDZ ligand to EAAT2a as well as its deletion from EAAT2b confirmed the importance of the motif for cell-surface localization. Using EAAT2 constructs with an extracellular biotin acceptor tag to directly assess surface proteins, we observed significant PDZ ligand-dependent EAAT2b surface expression in cultured astrocytes, consistent with observations in cell lines. Discs large homolog 1 (DLG1; SAP97), a PDZ protein prominent in both astrocytes and MDCK cells, colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated with EAAT2b. shRNA knockdown of DLG1 expression decreased surface EAAT2b in both MDCK cells and cultured astrocytes, suggesting that the DLG scaffolding protein stabilizes EAAT2b at the surface. DLG1 can be phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), resulting in disruption of its PDZ-mediated interaction. In murine astrocytes and acute brain slices, activation of CaMKII decreases EAAT2b surface expression but does not alter the distribution of EAAT2a. These data indicate that the surface expression and function of EAAT2b can be rapidly modulated through the disruption of its interaction with DLG1 by CaMKII activation.
Ethnically Distinct Ways of Describing Breast Milk

Newborn Care Poster Presentation Objective To determine which words or phrases women from three different age groups (12–21, 22–45, 46 and greater) and four different ethnicities (African American, Hispanic, Asian, White) use to describe breast milk. Design Evidence‐based quality improvement project. Sample Women greater than the age of 12 and of African American, Asian, White, or Hispanic ethnicity. Methods Through a survey, a total of 216 women were individually asked, How would you complete the following sentence to describe the value of breast milk and breast feeding. Breast milk is like… The women were also asked how they would describe their ethnicity and their age group. Implementation Strategies Qualitative descriptive design with a survey of women in the maternity ward and outside of the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, on streets in West Philadelphia, and through an anonymous online survey. Results We used qualitative descriptive data analysis to identify seven themes for words or phrases that describe breastfeeding: priceless gift, health, nutrition, protection, natural, bonding, and other . The responses were separated by race and then by the response's theme. Within each race, the percentage of responses in each theme varied. Among the Asian and Hispanic respondents, the most popular theme was natural . The most popular theme among White respondents was priceless gift and among African American respondents was nutrition . Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice To effectively communicate the value of breast milk to new mothers, nurses should emphasize that breastfeeding is natural and nutritious. It is also effective to refer to breast milk as a priceless gift, such as liquid gold . The results of this study indicate that it would be ineffective to encourage new mothers to breastfeed by describing the low cost of breastfeeding or by explaining how breastfeeding can help a new mother lose weight. Based on these results, it is apparent that women of different ethnicities use different language to describe the value of breast milk. However, no parallel pattern was identified among women of differing age groups. The implications of this study will be useful to health providers as they teach new mothers about breastfeeding.
Retrospective Review of Norethindrone Use in Adolescents

Abstract Study Objective Our objectives were to review norethindrone use in an adolescent population in a tertiary care center and to assess the effectiveness of the norethindrone taper in the management of acute heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care center. Participants 176 adolescent females prescribed norethindrone 0.35 mg between July 2007 and September 2010. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Discontinuation and irregular bleeding rates. Results Mean age was 14.8 ± 2.3 years. Most common indication for use was heavy menstrual bleeding (32.9%). Most common reasons for use of a progestin only pill were neurologic (27.8%) and cardiovascular diseases (17.6%). Discontinuation rate was 48.5%, most commonly for irregular bleeding (54.5%). Irregular bleeding and systemic side effects were associated with discontinuation ( P = .006 and .003 respectively). No serious adverse events were reported. Twenty patients required norethindrone taper for heavy bleeding; of this group 78.9% experienced complete cessation of bleeding within 7 days. Conclusions Our findings support use of norethindrone as an effective alternative among adolescents with contraindications to administration of estrogen and for whom control of acute heavy menstrual bleeding is desired.
Prototype and Laboratory Low-Level Outlet Air Demand Comparison for Small-to-Medium-Sized Embankment Dams

AbstractLow-level outlet works through dams are typically used to provide irrigation, reservoir sediment flushing, reservoir draw down, and/or minimum downstream flows to meet biological needs. To reduce the likelihood of negative pressure development downstream of the control gate, which may lead to cavitation noise, vibration, and damage, air vents are typically installed downstream of the gate. Undersized air vents may allow vapor pressure and cavitation to occur; oversized air vents have a negative economic impact. Air demand design criteria have been developed for vertical control gates (common to larger dams). The guidance for sizing air vents for an inclined slide gate, which are common for small-to-medium-sized embankment dam geometries, however, is limited. This study compares laboratory-scale and prototype-scale air-demand data. The influences of conduit slope, hydraulic jump presence, and air delivery system geometry on air demand were found to influence air demand. A method for estimating the ...
Moving right along: regulation of cell migration during Drosophila development

Abstract Cell movement is a fascinating feature of animal development. Genetic approaches have recently led to the identification of regulatory proteins required for specific cell migrations in development of the mouse, nematode and fruitfly. Here, I focus on two model systems for genetic studies of cell migration during Drosophila development: migration of follicle cells in the ovary and migration of tracheal cells in the embryo. Mutations that affect these migrations have allowed the identification of transcription factors and an FGF receptor homolog as important regulators of cell migration. Signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases may be a general mechanism for the regulation of cell movement in development and in metastasis.
Comparative Analysis of Japanese Just‐In‐Time Purchasing and Traditional US Purchasing Systems

The contrast between Japanese purchasing practices and US traditional purchasing practices provides a good insight into the relative importance of JIT for US firms. Since the initial implementation of JIT purchasing in late 1980 by Kawasaki Motors (Lincoln plant), at least 50 companies in the US such as GM, Ford, Nissan, Hewlett‐Packard, Xerox, Goodyear, GE and other large US corporations, have adopted and implemented the concept. This has significantly altered not only the way these companies plan and control their production facilities and purchasing systems but has also led to improvements in their product quality and productivity.
Characterization of plasma parameters in shaped PBX-M discharges

The Princeton Beta Experiment-Modification (PBX-M) was run both with elliptical and with bean-shaped plasmas during the 1992 and 1993 operating periods. Two deuterium-fed neutral beams were used for auxiliary heating, and during 1992 the average power was . This will be referred to as the lower neutral-beam power (LNBP) period. As many as four deuterium-fed neutral beams were used during 1993, and the average power was . This will be referred to as the medium neutral-beam power (MNBP) period. The neutron source strength, Sn, showed a scaling with injected power , for both the LMBP and MNBP periods. A much wider range of shaping parameters was studied during the MNBP as compared with the LNBP period. A weak positive dependence on bean shaping was observed for the LNBP, and a stronger positive dependence on shaping was observed for MNBP, viz . High values of Sn were obtained in bean-shaped plasmas for the highest values of at for the LNBP. For the MNBP the highest values of Sn and stored energy were obtained at , and the highest values of were obtained at . The achievement of high Sn is aided by high neutral-beam power, high toroidal field, strong shaping, high electron temperature, and broad profiles. The achievement of high is aided by low toroidal field, high density, less shaping, broad profiles, and access to the H-mode, viz . The achievement of high is aided by strong shaping, high density, broad profiles, and access to the H-mode, viz . Some comparisons with the previous higher neutral-beam (HNBP) period in 1989 are also made.
Ribosomal gene clusters are uniquely proportioned between open and closed chromatin structures in both tomato leaf cells and exponentially growing suspension cultures.

Abstract The accessibility of regulatory molecules to specific DNA sequences and chromatin regions in the nucleus is crucial to gene expression. In this study, we examined the chromatin structure in tomato leaf cells and in exponentially growing tomato cell suspension cultures. The structure of ribosomal chromatin was investigated by micrococcal nuclease and psoralen photocrosslinking. We showed that ribosomal genes in tomato are folded into two distinct types of chromatin: an open chromatin conformation and a closed nucleosomecontaining chromatin. In contrast to previous findings in Friend cells, where half of the ribosomal genes were found to be complexed within an inactive chromatin structure, we demonstrated that the canonical nucleosome-containing chromatin is present in the majority (approximately 80%) of the tomato rRNA-encoding DNA clusters. The minor open chromatin population (approximately 20% of the ribosomal genes) could be detected only after analysis following psoralen crosslinking. The relative amounts of the two ribosomal chromatin structures are similar in stationary and exponentially growing cells. This suggests that the proportions of open and closed chromatin structures present in either stationary or exponentially growing tomato cells are not dependent on the transcriptional process.
Tunable Visible and Near-IR Photoactivation of Light-Responsive Compounds by Using Fluorophores as Light-Capturing Antennas†

Although the corrin ring of vitamin B12 is unable to efficiently absorb light beyond 550 nm, it is shown that commercially available fluorophores can be used as antennas to capture long-wavelength light to promote scission of the Co-C bond at wavelengths up to 800 nm. The ability to control the molecular properties of bioactive species with long visible and near-IR light has implications for drug delivery, nanotechnology, and the spatiotemporal control of cellular behavior.