cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The No-Prop algorithm: A new learning algorithm for multilayer neural networks

A new learning algorithm for multilayer neural networks that we have named No-Propagation (No-Prop) is hereby introduced. With this algorithm, the weights of the hidden-layer neurons are set and fixed with random values. Only the weights of the output-layer neurons are trained, using steepest descent to minimize mean square error, with the LMS algorithm of Widrow and Hoff. The purpose of introducing nonlinearity with the hidden layers is examined from the point of view of Least Mean Square Error Capacity (LMS Capacity), which is defined as the maximum number of distinct patterns that can be trained into the network with zero error. This is shown to be equal to the number of weights of each of the output-layer neurons. The No-Prop algorithm and the Back-Prop algorithm are compared. Our experience with No-Prop is limited, but from the several examples presented here, it seems that the performance regarding training and generalization of both algorithms is essentially the same when the number of training patterns is less than or equal to LMS Capacity. When the number of training patterns exceeds Capacity, Back-Prop is generally the better performer. But equivalent performance can be obtained with No-Prop by increasing the network Capacity by increasing the number of neurons in the hidden layer that drives the output layer. The No-Prop algorithm is much simpler and easier to implement than Back-Prop. Also, it converges much faster. It is too early to definitively say where to use one or the other of these algorithms. This is still a work in progress.
Trajectories in Multiple Group Coordination: A Field Study of Hospital Operating Suites

Hospital surgery environments are dynamic and high risk. They require coordination across multiple groups whose incentives, cultures, and routines can conflict. In this paper, we describe a field study of multi-group coordination in the operating room (OR) environment. We studied work trajectories from the perspective of each group involved. Coordination breakdowns at group boundaries involving patients, doctors, nurses, and other staff led to local problem solving, but also to delays and interpersonal tension and conflict across groups. We conclude with design recommendations for multiple group coordination support that would promote trajectory awareness and learning at the organizational level
Evidence for a female sex pheromone mediating male trailing behavior in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

Male garter snakes locate females during the breeding season utilizing conspecific trailing behavior. It has been hypothesized that the female-derived chemical cue responsible for mediating male reproductive trailing behavior is the sexual attractiveness pheromone, a previously characterized contact pheromone responsible for releasing male courtship behavior. To examine this hypothesis, we tested the response of male red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, to pheromone trails produced by males, females and ‘she-males’. She-males are a small subset of males in the natural population that are morphologically and behaviorally similar to other males except that they produce and express the sexual attractiveness pheromone during the breeding season. When tested on a Y-maze, males were found to detect and follow the skin lipid trails of females and she-males, but displayed no behavioral responses to male trails. In addition, males were unable to discriminate between she-male and female trails when given a choice. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sexual attractiveness pheromone is the chemical cue primarily utilized by males to mediate reproductive trailing behavior.
Improving the Nutritional Quality of Emergency Food: A Study of Food Bank Organizational Culture, Capacity, and Practices

A national online survey of 137 US food banks was conducted along with in-depth interviews with staff at 6 California food banks to assess the characteristics of their organizational culture, including the extent to which they focused on nutritional quality of emergency food. The majority of US food banks reported a substantial level of commitment to nutrition. Only a minority has written formal nutrition policies, but several California food bankers were in the process of developing policies. US food banks most often reported seeking to increase fresh produce; fewer reported deliberate efforts to increase low-fat dairy, lean meats, or whole grains or to reduce unhealthful foods. California food banks revealed that they have significantly expanded their capacity to respond to increased produce donations, yet there are still substantial limitations to be addressed in procuring, handling, and monitoring the quantity of more nutritious foods. Organizational practices commensurate with a nutrition policy are ...
One Hundred Two Tumors in 100 Goats (1987–2011):

Of 1146 caprine necropsy or biopsy specimens submitted from 1987 through 2011 to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Oregon State University, 100 goats (8.7%) had 102 tumors. Detailed records were available for 89 cases. Fifty-five goats were female, 17 were castrated males, and 12 were intact males. Breeds included 21 Nubian, 16 Pygmy, 10 Pygora, 8 Alpine, 4 Angora, 4 Saanen, 2 Toggenburg, and 9 crossbred goats. Dwarf, Nubian, and Saanen goats were overrepresented and Alpine and Boer goats underrepresented among cases with neoplastic disease in comparison to submissions overall. Age ranged from 7 months to 19 years (median, 7 years). Histopathology was performed on 97 tumors. Lymphoma (n = 17) was the most common tumor, followed by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10) and thymoma (n = 9). Most lymphomas were multicentric. All 7 mammary neoplasms were adenocarcinomas. Five of 7 vascular proliferations were hemangiosarcomas. All 4 melanocytic tumors were classified as (malignant) melanoma. Rarely reported caprine tumors included a choroid plexus carcinoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, and 3 pheochromocytomas. Cutaneous round cell tumors were provisionally diagnosed as 2 histiocytomas and 5 mast cell tumors. Single cases of previously unreported caprine tumors included amyloid-producing odontogenic tumor, myxosarcoma, sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine sweat gland adenoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Nonneoplastic entities included 2 cases of mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia and single cases of vascular hamartoma, cervical adenomatous hyperplasia, and cervical leiomyofibromatosis. The results of this 25-year retrospective study indicate that lymphoma in particular and tumors in general are common in goats.
Mobile Phones Will Become The Primary Personal Computing Devices

A merger of the lowly USB memory stick and the mobile telephone provide a new platform for information solutions. Microscopic portable memory with capacity similar to todays PC disk drives will spark a transformation which will then be driven by new use models for mobile phones and a new class of "computer user", one that has no "personal computer" at all. Since more people carry phones than laptops the PC will fade into a role similar to todays view of the once mighty mainframe. Laptop-loving dinosaurs at the workshop will protest that phones will never replace their favorite machines, in much same way the mainframe developers scoffed at PCs throughout the 1980s. We still have mainframe developers, but the PC created new categories of computer use. We need to understand what new uses will emerge with the computer-phone.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Structure and Function, Substrate Specificity, and Inhibitor Development

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are signaling enzymes that control a diverse array of cellular processes. Malfunction of PTP activity is associated with a number of human disorders. Recent genetic and biochemical studies indicate that PTPs represent a novel platform for drug discovery. Detailed knowledge of PTP substrate specificity and the wealth of structural data on PTPs provide a solid foundation for rational PTP inhibitor design. This review summarizes a correlation of PTP structure and function from mutagenesis experiments. The molecular basis for PTP1B and MKP3 substrate recognition is discussed. A powerful strategy is presented for creating specific and high-affinity bidentate PTP inhibitors that simultaneously bind both the active site and a unique adjacent site. Finally, recent advances in the development of potent and selective inhibitors for PTP1B and Cdc25 are described.
Identification of modes in dynamic scattering on ternary polymer mixtures

This work is concerned with the identification of the modes in dynamic light and neutron scattering experiments on binary polymer solutions, or on incompressible ternary polymer melts.
Characteristics of Successful Undergraduate Psychology Programs

Scholarly writings provide guidance for delivery of an undergraduate program in psychology (e.g., APA, 2007; Halpern, 2010). Much of the emphasis in this literature has been on examination of the c...
Regulation of postprandial motility in the canine ileum

We describe here further observations on a novel motor phenomenon that can be recorded regularly from the canine ileum in the late postprandial period, i.e., when residue of a meal reaches the distal small bowel. We reported before that this unique pattern of motility consisted of intraluminal pressure waves at a frequency (20-24/min) much greater than that of the ileal slow wave. In the current experiments, we document that these intraluminal pressure waves coincide with contraction of the circular muscle layer, as recorded from serosal strain gauges. However, the cellular origin and propagation of these contractile events are still unclear. By studying dogs with ileal loops and those with an intact bowel, we conclude that this is a local response of the ileum to the arrival of nutrients in its lumen and that it is under cholinergic control. This report supports the concept that the ileum may be particularly sensitive to its local intraluminal environment.
Point Prevalence Study of Pediatric Inpatients Who Are Unable to Communicate Effectively About Pain

Objective: Pediatric inpatients may be at risk for inadequate pain management if they are unable to communicate effectively because of age, physical or cognitive impairment, or medical procedures. We conducted a point prevalence study to estimate the proportion of inpatients at a children’s hospital who have difficulty communicating to hospital staff. Methods: We obtained nurse reports of ability to communicate for all inpatients aged ≥12 months in a pediatric hospital. Demographic information was obtained from the medical record. Results: Questionnaires were completed for 254 inpatients. Forty percent of inpatients had some difficulty communicating, and 69% had experienced pain during the hospitalization. Patient ability to communicate was not related to experiencing pain (χ2 test, P = .30) or effectiveness of pain management (χ2 test, P = .80) but was associated with difficulty communicating about pain and nurses needing help from the caretaker to communicate with the patient (χ2 tests, Ps Conclusions: A substantial proportion of inpatients aged ≥12 months at a large children’s hospital had difficulties communicating effectively and experienced pain during hospitalization. These communication difficulties were not associated with nurse reports of the effectiveness of pain management. However, patients who had difficulties communicating in general were also more likely to have difficulty communicating about pain specifically, and nurses were more likely to need help from the caregiver to understand these patients. Future directions include identifying which conditions, procedures, and medications are associated with inability to communicate.
Strategies for Maintaining and Repairing Marital Relationships

Although relationship research has concentrated on relational formation and termination processes, most of the time spent in long-term relationships is devoted to relational maintenance and/or repair. The present study examines the maintenance/repair strategies reported by fifty couples (n= 100 spouses). It attempts to discover the strategies and the ways in which their number and choice are related to marital satisfaction, participation in a marital enrichment programme, length of marriage and respondent gender. Forty-nine strategies were identified and clustered into twelve superordinate strategy types. Respondents most frequently reported use of prosocial, ceremonial, communication and togetherness strategy types. More strategies were reported in accomplishing maintenance than repair of the relationship. However, the same types of strategies were reported for both maintenance and repair with the exceptions of metacommunication and anti-ritual/spontaneity strategies. The number of strategies correlated ...
Genome-wide prediction and analysis of human tissue-selective genes using microarray expression data

Understanding how genes are expressed specifically in particular tissues is a fundamental question in developmental biology. Many tissue-specific genes are involved in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. However, experimental identification of tissue-specific genes is time consuming and difficult. The accurate predictions of tissue-specific gene targets could provide useful information for biomarker development and drug target identification. In this study, we have developed a machine learning approach for predicting the human tissue-specific genes using microarray expression data. The lists of known tissue-specific genes for different tissues were collected from UniProt database, and the expression data retrieved from the previously compiled dataset according to the lists were used for input vector encoding. Random Forests (RFs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were used to construct accurate classifiers. The RF classifiers were found to outperform SVM models for tissue-specific gene prediction. The results suggest that the candidate genes for brain or liver specific expression can provide valuable information for further experimental studies. Our approach was also applied for identifying tissue-selective gene targets for different types of tissues. A machine learning approach has been developed for accurately identifying the candidate genes for tissue specific/selective expression. The approach provides an efficient way to select some interesting genes for developing new biomedical markers and improve our knowledge of tissue-specific expression.
PID controller design for the human arm-robot manipulator coordination problem

This paper discusses a PID controller design for the human arm-robot manipulator coordination problem in unstructured workspace. The problem has attracted attention among the robotic community and several approaches to the solution of the problem have been proposed. In this study we discuss the problem in a framework of the Hermite-Biehler theorem. The theorem has been used to analyze the stability of polynomials defined over a set of real numbers. We analyze the stability of the closed-loop characteristic polynomial and present an algorithm leading to the design of a PID controller for the problem.
α‐Lactams (Aziridinones)

α-Lactams have often been postulated as intermediates in numerous processes. The isolation of the first α-lactam, N-tert-butyl-3-phenylaziridinone, was accomplished in 1962. Since then, further N- and C-3-substituted α-lactams have been synthesized. Most of these very reactive compounds undergo easy thermal decomposition; remarkable is the relative stability of 1,3-di-tert-butylaziridinone, which does not start to decompose below 140°C. The α-lactam ring is opened by nucleophilic reagents. — The correlation of stability and substituents is discussed in the last section. An acyclic, planar or almost planar, charge-delocalized intermediate is suggested to explain the observed effects.
Survival of Salmonella transformed To express green fluorescent protein on italian parsley as affected by processing and storage

To study the effect of processing and storage parameters on the survival of Salmonella on fresh Italian parsley, parsley bunches were dipped for 3 or 15 min in suspensions that were preequilibrated to 5, 25, or 35 degrees C and inoculated with Salmonella transformed to express enhanced green fluorescent protein. Loosely attached and/or associated, strongly attached and/or associated, and internalized and/or entrapped Salmonella cells were enumerated over 0, 1, and 7 days of storage at 25 degrees C and over 0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 days of storage at 4 degrees C using surface-plating procedures. Leaf sections obtained from samples after 0, 1, and 7 days of storage were examined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Temperature of the dip suspension had little effect on the attachment and survival of Salmonella cells on parsley. Regardless of the temperature or duration of dip, Salmonella was internalized. Immersion for longer times resulted in higher numbers of attached and internalized cells. Microscopic observations supported these results and revealed Salmonella cells near the stomata and within cracks in the cuticle. Storage temperature had the greatest impact on the survival of Salmonella cells on parsley. When stored at 25 degrees C, parsley had a shelf life of 7 days, and Salmonella populations significantly increased over the 7 days of storage. For parsley stored at 4 degrees C, numbers of Salmonella cells decreased over days 0, 1, and 7. After 7 days of storage, there were no viable internalized Salmonella cells detected. Storage temperature represents an important control point for the safety of fresh parsley.
Status of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa

Abstract The Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is a federally endangered fish species that is estimated to occupy only 20% of its historic range. In Iowa Topeka shiners have been in decline for decades. Our goal was to determine the present distribution of Topeka shiners in the west-central portion of their range in Iowa and to characterize the extent of its decline. We compared the current distribution to distributions generated from earlier collections. We found Topeka shiners in six of 22 watersheds where they occurred historically. Status of Topeka shiners was judged to be stable in 27% of the watersheds, at risk in 45% of the watersheds, and possibly extirpated in 27% of the watersheds. None were classified as increasing. Based on comparison of the historical distribution with more recent ones, Topeka shiners in west-central Iowa showed a 27% decline a decade ago and currently exhibits a 73% decline in their distribution. The collective evidence from four of five other states in the species’ range reveal...
On the 'Esoteric' Reading of Nietzsche

This essay is a critical commentary on Maudemarie Clark & David Dudrick's 2012 book "The Soul of Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil" (Cambridge University Press). The book embraces a distinction between “exoteric” and “esoteric” readings of Nietzsche, which they borrow from Leo Strauss. Strauss was enamored of the exoteric/esoteric distinction for very particular reasons: he was a reactionary ideologue and wanted license to ignore the text and read “in between the lines” to find a politically palatable message. Clark & Dudrick want to have nothing to do with Straussian ideology, but they still want to insist that “surface meaning differs substantially from what Nietzsche actually argues.” Clark & Dudrick proceed as follows. First, they set out what they usually call a "standard" or "natural" reading of a passage (hereafter the “Exoteric Reading”) — frequently, though certainly not always, my reading, I must acknowledge. Second, they point out that this Exoteric Reading seems to commit Nietzsche to something absurd or mistaken (hereafter the “Reductio Problem”). Third, they then propose an alternative “esoteric” reading — one that focuses on "what is left unsaid" and what is allegedly "between the lines" — that avoids the Reductio Problem (hereafter the “Esoteric Reading”). Too often, as I shall argue, it turns out that the Reductio Problem is a pseudo-problem, that the Exoteric Reading does not entail something asburd or mistaken, and that even where what they call the Exoteric Reading confronts difficulties, there are alternatives to the Esoteric Reading, alternatives consistent with the Exoteric Reading, that resolve the alleged problem. In the end, I conclude, Clark & Dudrick mimic the fatal flaw of the Straussian readings: they use the flag of “esotericism” as cover for misreading the texts for an ideological end — not a reactionary political end, to be sure, but rather as way of reading Nietzsche to embrace "the normative aspirations of traditional philosophy," ambitions that, on my view, he fully repudiates.
Stabilized Wide Bandgap MAPbBrxI3–x Perovskite by Enhanced Grain Size and Improved Crystallinity

The light instability of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x is one of the biggest challenges for its application in tandem solar cells. Here we show that an improved crystallinity and grain size of CH3NH3PbI x Br3-x films could stabilize these materials under one sun illumination, improving both the efficiency and stability of the wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.
Consumer Socialization: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis:

The results of a large-scale study of adolescent consumer socialization are presented. A general conceptual framework of socialization is outlined to serve as a blueprint for discussing variables a...
Advertising and the Sale of Novels

EORGE H. DORAN, looking back on a T lifetime of varied and successful publishing, remarked, "The great profession of publishing has measurably degenerated into a business of mass production where each highly enterprising publisher of the new era seeks by advertising and other ultra-modern methods to out-yell his contemporaries of this new dispensation." The book industry in this new role has certain characteristics which create for it a unique marketing problem. Competitive organization, a limited and unstable market, a product which changes every season and defies standardization, and over-production in relation to the effective demand, are among the problems which confront the publisher. In addition to this, the industry seeks to satisfy a public taste, thought to be wholly unpredictable. A glance at the output and average sale per title of the book industry will illustrate the problem of over-production. In 1935 there were 2I5 publishing houses in the United States which put out five or more books each. Together they placed on the market 6,914 new titles and 1,852 new editions. Of these, 1,362 titles were new fiction. That these figures represent a wasteful over-production of new titles which is injurious to the industry is suggested by the small number of copies of most of them sold. Of a sample list from the same year the average sale per title was 5,523 copies, the median sale was only
Angry, Scared, and Unsure: Mental Health Consequences of Contaminated Water in Flint, Michigan

Natural and manmade crises impact community-level behavioral health, including mental health and substance use. This article shares findings from a larger project about community behavioral health, relevant to the ongoing water crisis in Flint, Michigan, using data from a larger study, involving monthly surveys of a panel of key informants from Genesee County. The data come from open-response questions and are analyzed as qualitative data using grounded theory techniques. Although respondents were not asked about the water issues in Flint, participants commented that the water situation was increasing stress, anxiety, and depression among the city's population. Participants thought these mental health issues would affect the entire community but would be worse among low-income, African American populations in the city. Mental health consequences were related not only to the water contamination but to distrust of public officials who are expected and have the authority to resolve the issues. The mental health effects of this public health crisis are significant and have received inadequate attention in the literature. Public health response to situations similar to the water issues in Flint should include sustained attention mental health.
Detection and prevalence of four different hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in Eastern North Carolina American black bears (Ursus americanus)

Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. are globally emerging, obligate parasitic, epierythrocytic bacteria that infect many vertebrates, including humans. Hemoplasma infection can cause acute life-threatening symptoms or lead to a chronic sub-clinical carrier state. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. transmission, prevalence, and host specificity are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of Mycoplasma species in blood from 68 free-ranging black bears from the eastern coast of North Carolina. DNA amplification of Mycoplasma 16S rRNA gene identified four distinct species infecting 34/68 (50%) of the black bear blood samples, including Candidatus M. haematoparvum. The high prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma infection in this wildlife species highlights the importance of understanding intra and inter species transmission. Black bears may play a role in the transmission of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. between animals, arthropod vectors, and humans. Further studies are needed to elucidate black bears as a potential reservoir for hemotropic Mycoplasma infections.
Priapism in SCD: Clinical and Genetic Correlations.

Priapism is a complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) that occurs due to obstruction of the corpora cavernosa of the penis. We have studied priapism in relation to several clinical and genetic factors in 249 adult male patients with SCD, 92 (37%) of whom reported a positive history of priapism. The mean age of male patients without a history of priapism was 35.2 years (± 10.8 years) compared with a mean age of 36.4 years (± 11.3 years) in male patients with a positive history of priapism. Because of the possible relationship with nitric oxide biology, we examined the co-occurrence of priapism with proteinuria, leg ulcers and stroke. Of the males with a positive history of priapism, 20% also had a history of 2+ or greater proteinuria, compared to a presence of 2+ or greater proteinuria in only 10% of males without a history of priapism (p=0.03). Similarly, 34% of males with a positive history of priapism also had a history of leg ulcers, compared to the presence of leg ulcers in 22% of males without priapism (p=0.03). No statistically significant association between the occurrence of priapism and stroke was observed. In an effort to identify genetic risk factors for priapism, we examined 262 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a total of 56 genes, primarily involved in red blood cell adhesion and inflammation pathways. Chi Square tests of association were constructed for the genotypes of each SNP with two clinical categories: patients with a positive history of priapism and patients without a history of priapism. When the frequency of rare homozygotes was less than five individuals, we combined these rare homozygote individuals with heterozygote individuals for analysis. All p-values were uncorrected for multiple testing. We found associations with 12 SNPs in 8 genes: SLC4A2 (p=0.003); ITGAV (p=0.004 and p=0.02 for two different SNPs); F13A1 (p=0.004 and p=0.02 for two different SNPs); AQP1 (p=0.01 and p=0.04 for two different SNPs); TGFBR2 (p=0.01 and p=0.02 for two different SNPs); ADRB2 (p=0.03); MGC (p=0.04); and ARG2 (p
Physiology Understanding Week (PhUn Week), First Time in Kingsville, Texas: The Immune System

In November, approximately 100 seventh grade students came to the Texas A&M University - Kingsville campus to learn about the human immune system. Students were introduced to three main aspects of ...
Environmental and Economic Costs of Biofuels

With global shortages of fossil energy, especially oil and natural gas, and heavy biomass energy consumption, emphasis on biofuels as renewable energy sources has developed globally. Though it may seem beneficial to use renewable plant materials for biofuel, the use of crop residues and other biomass raises many environmental and ethical concerns.
Implementation of positron emission mammography as an adjunct imaging modality in breast cancer

2426 Objectives Early detection and diagnosis of malignant breast lesions is vital to patient’s survival. While current imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI focus on an anatomical approach to detection and diagnosis, they fail to provide physiologic and metabolic data specific to the pathophysiology of malignant breast lesions. Positron emission mammography (PEM) is an innovative technology specifically designed to image physiologic and metabolic processes in malignant breast lesions, yet it remains an underutilized diagnostic tool. Additionally, radiologist confidence in dictation is crucial in determining malignancy, which subsequently affects the decisions oncologists make regarding future treatment and care; therefore, achieving optimum patient care is a combination of the benefits of imaging modalities chosen and radiologist interpretation. As a result, radiologist perception of the imaging modalities is of utmost importance. This research focuses on the benefits of utilizing PEM as a supplement to anatomical imaging modalities by providing a qualitative perspective from radiologists familiar with PEM technology. Methods For participation in this study, radiologists are identified and chosen based on the purposive sampling method. In order to obtain qualitative data, the researcher has formulated a questionnaire specific to the proposed question, which is currently being delivered to participating radiologists at University Hospitals and Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio). The questionnaire has no personal identifiers and and is approved by the WJU IRB. Results As of January 27,2011, questionnaires are currently being distributed and processed. Deadline for participant completion of the questionnaire is February 25, 2011. Analysis of the obtained data will be completed by March 18, 2011. Conclusions Expectations for completing this research include: increasing the diagnostic benefits attained by employing physiological imaging modalities; increasing the statistical data related to the efficacy of adjunct PEM; and increasing the quality of care provided to breast cancer patients
Localization with witnesses

Localization protocols enable an entity (called the verifier) to determine the physical location of another entity (called the prover), even if the prover maliciously advertises a false location or tries to corrupt the verifier’s time measurements by time-shifting its responses. Unfortunately, the correctness of such protocols is critically dependent on the verifier’s ability to make high-resolution time measurements and on the prover’s ability and trustworthiness to send its response by the mandated time. To address these problems, we propose the idea of incorporating passive witnesses into the localization protocol. All witnesses monitor the same bilateral packet exchange between the prover and lead verifier and later report their respective inter-packet time measurements to the lead verifier for further processing. We show how the extra information provided by the witnesses can eliminate the threat of response-time shifting by a malicious prover. We also pose the question, how can we combine multiple localization observations to a single localization estimate? While analyzing that, we observe that the localization estimate is sensitive to the relative position of the prover among the verifiers
Pathways between food insecurity and glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Food insecurity is reported in approximately 28 % of individuals with diabetes in the USA and is associated with poor glycaemic and lipid control. The present study aimed to understand the direct and indirect pathways through which food insecurity impacts glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes.Design/Setting/SubjectsAdults (n 615) with type 2 diabetes completed validated questionnaires after recruitment from two primary care clinics. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate mechanisms through which food insecurity influences diabetes self-care behaviours and glycaemic control, including investigation into possible direct and indirect effects of perceived stress and social support. RESULTS The final model showed that higher food insecurity was directly significantly related to increased stress (r=0·14, P<0·001) and increased glycosylated Hb (r=0·66, P=0·03). Higher stress was significantly related to poorer self-care (r=-0·54, P<0·001) and lower social support (r=-0·41, P<0·001). There was no significant direct association between food insecurity and self-care, or between perceived stress and glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity had both a direct effect on glycaemic control and an indirect effect on self-care through stress. The indirect pathway suggests that efforts to address stress may influence the ability of individuals to perform diabetes self-care behaviours. The direct effect on glycaemic control suggests that pathways independent of self-care behaviours may also be necessary to improve diabetes outcomes. Results from the study suggest a multipronged approach is necessary to address food insecurity in individuals with diabetes.
Responding with Sentiment Appropriate for the User's Current Sentiment in Dialog as Inferred from Prosody and Gaze Patterns

Multi-modal sentiment detection from natural video/audio streams has recently received much attention. I propose to use this multi-modal information to develop a technique, Sentiment Coloring , that utilizes the detected sentiments to generate effective responses. In particular, I aim to produce suggested responses colored with sentiment appropriate for that present in the interlocutor's speech. To achieve this, contextual information pertaining to sentiment, extracted from the past as well as the current speech of both the speakers in a dialog, will be utilized. Sentiment, here, includes the three polarities: positive, neutral and negative, as well as other expressions of stance and attitude. Utilizing only the non-verbal cues, namely, prosody and gaze, I will implement two algorithmic approaches and compare their performance in sentiment detection: a simple machine learning algorithm (neural networks), that will act as the baseline, and a deep learning approach, an end-to-end bidirectional LSTM RNN, which is the state-of-the-art in emotion classification. I will build a responsive spoken dialog system(s) with this Sentiment Coloring technique and evaluate the same with human subjects to measure benefits of the technique in various interactive environments.
Favoritism and flooding: Political alignment and allocation of irrigation water

Abstract Using a context where agriculture relies on uncertain rainfall and irrigation, I demonstrate that ruling party representatives counteract rainfall variability to benefit politically aligned regions through favorable irrigation water supply. First, I demonstrate average river water supply and flood incidence respond to the identity of the ruling party. I then exploit close elections to get random variation in a region’s alignment with the political party in power, exogenous rainfall shocks to measure drought/flood risk and river water flow rate as a measure of water supply at any location. I find that water supply is in favor of upstream districts and against downstream districts when upstream districts are aligned with the ruling party and vice versa when down-stream district are more aligned; consequently, floods (or droughts) are more likely to occur in downstream regions when the ruling party has lower incentives to favor them. Agricultural productivity in politically aligned areas responds positively to the preferential delivery of resources. I argue that the ruling party’s influence over autonomous agencies that monitor dam usage and water allotment allows its members to reward their constituents. The paper offers novel insights into how political factors determine resource allocation and into the resulting environmental and economic impact.
New progress on the zeta function: From old conjectures to a major breakthrough

The zeta function ζ ( s ) today is the oldest and most important tool to study the distribution of prime numbers and is the simplest example of a whole class of similar functions, equally important for understanding the deepest problems of number theory. The celebrated Riemann hypothesis is that all complex zeros of ζ ( s ) have real part equal to 1 2 . The consequences of a proof and even of an unlikely disproof of this hypothesis would be a giant step forward for understanding prime numbers. The paper by Griffin et al. (1) makes fundamental progress in the study of the Riemann zeta function by introducing a method to study certain classical polynomials (the so-called Jensen polynomials) that were known to play a role for understanding the finer properties of the zeta function but had proved to be quite intractable to study by means of standard methods. What was known before this work was a plausible but inaccessible conjecture, called hyperbolicity, for all of them. In this paper the authors introduce a method to study these polynomials which allows the authors to … [↵][1]1Email: eb{at}math.ias.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A phase Ib trial of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib (dina) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

1072Background: Increased expression of the MYC transcriptional oncogene is found in 70% of TNBC and is associated with poor prognosis. In MYC-overexpressing TN xenografts, CDK1 inhibition with din...
Asynchronous Receiver-Driven Replay for Local Rollback of MPI Applications

With the increase in scale and architectural complexity of supercomputers, the management of failures has become integral to successfully executing a long-running high-performance computing application. In many instances, failures have a localized scope, usually impacting a subset of the resources being used, yet widely used failure recovery strategies (like checkpoint/restart) fail to take advantage and rely on global, synchronous recovery actions. Even with local rollback recovery, in which only the fault impacted processes are restarted from a checkpoint, the consistency of further progress in the execution is achieved through the replay of communication from a message log. This theoretically sound approach encounters some practical limitations: the presence of collective operations forces a synchronous recovery that prevents survivor processes from continuing their execution, removing any possibility for overlapping further computation with the recovery; and the amount of resources required at recovering peers can be untenable. In this work, we solved both problems by implementing an asynchronous, receiver-driven replay of point-to-point and collective communications, and by exploiting remote-memory access capabilities to access the message logs. This new protocol is evaluated in an implementation of local rollback over the User Level Failure Mitigation fault tolerant Message Passing Interface (MPI). It reduces the recovery times of the failed processes by an average of 59%, while the time spent in the recovery by the survivor processes is reduced by 95% when compared to an equivalent global rollback protocol, thus living to the promise of a truly localized impact of recovery actions.
Neuronal Activity in the Rat Pulvinar Correlates with Multiple Higher-Order Cognitive Functions.

The pulvinar, also called the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus in rodents, is one of the higher-order thalamic relays and the main visual extrageniculate thalamic nucleus in rodents and primates. Although primate studies report the pulvinar is engaged under attentional demands, there are open questions about the detailed role of the pulvinar in visuospatial attention. The pulvinar provides the primary thalamic input to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Both the pulvinar and the PPC are known to be important for visuospatial attention. Our previous work showed that neuronal activity in the PPC correlated with multiple phases of a visuospatial attention (VSA) task, including onset of the visual stimuli, decision-making, task-relevant locations, and behavioral outcomes. Here, we hypothesized that the pulvinar, as the major thalamic input to the PPC, is involved in visuospatial attention as well as in other cognitive functions related to the processing of visual information. We recorded the neuronal activity of the pulvinar in rats during their performance on the VSA task. The task was designed to engage goal-directed, top–down attention as well as stimulus-driven, bottom–up attention. Rats monitored three possible locations for the brief appearance of a target stimulus. An approach to the correct target location was followed by a liquid reward. For analysis, each trial was divided into behavioral epochs demarcated by stimulus onset, selection behavior, and approach to reward. We found that neurons in the pulvinar signaled stimulus onset and selection behavior consistent with the interpretation that the pulvinar is engaged in both bottom–up and top–down visuospatial attention. Our results also suggested that pulvinar cells responded to allocentric and egocentric task-relevant locations.
Advancing sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry

Today it seems that our total focus in the pharmaceutical industry is on developing new testing approaches, medications, and vaccines at lightning speed to fight COVID-19, the disease caused by the...
Abstract 28: Automated Characterization and Quantification of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis in Post Myocardial Infarction Tissue Images

Detection of cardiac cell death and cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation after ischemic injury often hinges on quantitative image analysis of cardiac histopathology. Currently, the analysis of cardiac ...
The Effects of Furoic Acid and Furfuryl Alcohol on Detection of Furfural in Transformer Oil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The effects of furoic acid and furfuryl alcohol on the detection of furfural in transformer oil were studied using the traditional liquid–liquid extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (LLE-HPLC) technology, in which, the methanol used as extraction agent and the C18 column and ultraviolet−visible detector were used as the separation and detection units for the determination of the furfural. The results show that the presence of furfuryl alcohol or furoic acid increases the extraction efficiency of furfural from 42.07 to 73.21% and 65.33%, respectively. The extraction efficiency of furfural decreases when the concentrations of furfuryl alcohol increase from 0.2 to 0.6 mg L−1, but the extraction efficiency of furfural increases with the concentrations of furoic acid from 0.2 to 0.6 mg L−1. This indicated that the accuracy of detection and extraction efficiency of furfural in transformer oil by LLE-HPLC technology may be affected by the furfuryl alcohol or furoic acid dissolved in transformer oil.
Integration of Health and Social Services at the Systems Level: A Framework for Addressing Funding and Jurisdictional Silos

Objectives. To examine spending and resource allocation decision-making to address health and social service integration challenges within and between governments.Methods. We performed a mixed methods case study to examine the integration of health and social services in a large US metropolitan area, including a city and a county government. Analyses incorporated annual budget data from the city and the county from 2009 to 2018 and semistructured interviews with 41 key leaders, including directors, deputies, or finance officers from all health care-, health-, or social service-oriented city and county agencies; lead budget and finance managers; and city and county executive offices.Results. Participants viewed public health and social services as qualitatively important, although together these constituted only $157 or $1250 total per capita spending in 2018, and per capita public health spending has declined since 2009. Funding streams can be siloed and budget approaches can facilitate or impede service integration.Conclusions. Health and social services should be integrated through greater attention to the budgetary, jurisdictional, and programmatic realities of health and social service agencies and to the budget models used for driving the systems-level pursuit of population health.
Contralateral Risk-Reducing Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Undergo Multigene Panel Testing

An increasing number of breast cancer patients are undergoing expanded genetic testing and are being identified as germline mutation carriers. We sought to determine rates of contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy (CRRM) in patients with various germline mutations. All women ≥ 18 years of age with unilateral breast cancer who underwent multigene panel testing between January 1, 2014 and August 1, 2019 at our academic institution were identified. Demographic, tumor, and treatment variables were identified from the medical record. Multivariable analyses were performed to compare factors associated with performance of CRRM. We identified 1613 patients, of whom 28.1% had a pathogenic variant and 40.1% had variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Overall, 420 patients (26.0%) underwent a CRRM. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with CRRM included age < 50 years (OR 3.8, 95% CI 3.0, 5.0), race (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.7 and OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.7 for Black and Asian women, respectively, versus White women), and the presence of any germline mutation or VUS (OR 13.2, 95% CI 8.7, 20.2 for BRCA1/2; OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.7, 5.8 for non-BRCA germline mutation; and OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.6 for VUS). In breast cancer patients who undergo multigene panel testing, a sizeable number of women with pathogenic non-BRCA germline findings are opting for CRRM. Given that the risk of contralateral breast cancer in women with most pathogenic mutations other than BRCA1/2 remains poorly characterized, these data have implications for risk counseling and for ascertaining the true risks of contralateral breast cancer in this population.