cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Military Brides and Refugees: Vietnamese American Wives and Shifting Links to the Military, 1980 – 2000

Since the immigration legislation of 1965, marriage to American citizens and resident aliens has been one of the primary paths for migration to the United States. Despite the rapid growth of the Asian American population over the course of the late twentieth century, Asian Americans had still reached only 3 per cent of all Americans by 2000, meaning that Asian marriage migration to the United States has been largely through marriage to non-Asians. In this study, we look at exogamy among Vietnamese Americans using U. S. Census data (1980, 1990, and 2000) from 5 per cent PUMS sets made available through the IPUMS project. We ask: (1) What are the predictors of exogamy among Vietnamese Americans? (2) How do the rates of exogamy of Vietnamese American women compare to those of Vietnamese American men? (3) How have the predictors of exogamy and the apparent characteristics of the exogamously married changed over the decades of refugee movement from Vietnam to North America? We review data from the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. In the assimilationist view of immigration associated with the classic work of Milton M. Gordon, exogamy is the final stage of immigrant incorporation into a host country. Migration through marriage, which has become a major source of immigration to the United States since the Immigration Act of 1965, reverses this assimilationist pattern, placing marriage before immigration and incorporation, or at the earliest stages of immigration and incorporation. Our findings are relevant to understanding the specific Vietnamese experience in the United States. They highlight the continuing but declining importance of the Vietnam War in creating close connections between Vietnamese and other people in the United States, even after the war had ended. The findings also suggest how these connections changed as a result of Vietnamese mass migration to America.
The Legislature and the Administration, II.

Effective legislative supervision over administrative agencies depends on the means and methods employed. The main types of means and methods which may be employed include the following: (1) provision for securing adequate information concerning the work of the administration, by requiring records and accounts of administrative actions and financial transactions, regular reports of such actions and accounts, and requests for information on particular administrative affairs; (2) provisions for the examination of such reports, accounts, and other information, usually by means of legislative committees; (3) special investigations of a more intensive character of particular administrative services; and (4) impeachment and removal from office.6 Records and Reports. Modern administrative agencies keep elaborate records of their acts and financial transactions, and publish a large volume of reports and documents, many of which are submitted to the legislative bodies. To a considerable extent, such records and reports are required by legislative provisions. But these legislative requirements vary widely with respect to different agencies; and the practice of the different agencies varies still more widely. The total mass of published reports and documents issued by national, state, and the more important local governments is so extensive, and presented in such a variety of form, that it is difficult to obtain a clear understanding of the general results. On the other hand, some administrative agencies and many of the minor local governments present such brief reports, or in some cases none at all, that no definite information is available to the legislative body nor to the general public. There is need for a greater degree of regulation and system in administrative reports. Legislative requirements as to the regular periods and some of the general characteristics of such reports should be more definite and more uniform. But the contents of the reports of different agencies will necessarily differ to a considerable
Determination of the total widths of the single-particle analog resonances in 209Bi

Abstract Proton inelastic scattering excitation functions to various final states in 208Pb which resonate strongly at one analog resonance have been fitted by a five parameters formula. For each of the seven observed single-particle analog resonance in 209Bi consistent values for the total width, Γ, and resonance energy, E0, were found.
Theoretical Rate Constants for the Formation and Decomposition of Chlorinated Ethyl Radicals.

Absolute Rate Theory calculations of the rate constants for addition of Cl atoms to ethylene and to the variously chlorinated ethylenes have been made, together with Marcus-Rice theory calculations of the decomposition rate constants for loss of CI atoms from the resulting energized chloroethyl radicals. Agreement with literature data is almost within experimental error, except for dissociation of C2Cl5; it is suggested that in this case the reported rate may be low. The calculational models for the radicals were ethane-like, with hindered rotation about the C-C bond. Ethylene-like activated complexes have been assumed; the entering (or leaving) CI atom is very loosely bonded to one of the C atoms of the ethylene; alternatively, a Gorin complex, in which the CI is associated with the entire ethylene molecule which retains its original overall rotations, was also considered.
A modified swirling flask efficacy test for oil spill dispersants

Abstract The state of California has recently implemented the Swirling Flask Test (SFT) as the standard method for evaluating the comparative effectiveness of oil spill cleanup agents on petroleum products transported through state waters. Use of this ‘standard ruler’ will provide an aid in spill response decision-making. This implementation has involved modifications undertaken to address problems encountered with the existing SFT procedure as specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These modifications involve the actual laboratory procedures, chemical analysis, and data reduction techniques. Primary differences between the California (CAL) and EPA SFT techniques include use of a closed test vessel, chemical analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and correction for dispersant contribution when estimating effectiveness. These new procedures have been used to evaluate the relative efficacy of two surfactant-based dispersants, Corexits® 9500 and 9527, with Prudhoe Bay crude oil.
Emerging Economies, Turnover Rates and Inflation Variability: A Comparison of Generalized Maximum Likelihood and SUR Models

Theoretical exposition and empirical evidence in central bank independence (CBI) literature confirm an inverse relationship between inflation and measures of CBI mostly in developed economies. Based on this ex ante information on CBI-inflation tradeoff, this paper proposes two functional forms for the diagonal and off diagonal elements in the residual covariance matrix in the estimation process. The proposed functional forms are used in a generalized maximum likelihood and then in a generalized least squares (GLS) (with the restricted covariance matrix) framework for the empirical test. The results are compared to the outcome of an SUR model (unrestricted). The tests involve 14 emerging economies and covers the period 1960–1990. Compared to SUR, majority of results of GLS model in samples with and without outliers provide stronger and more significant evidence confirming the CBI-inflation tradeoff. Notably, the standard errors of the GLS estimates are lower than that of the SUR estimates. Without outliers, the GLS estimates show even lower standard errors as compared to the outcome of the SUR model. Low standard errors provide baseline indication of more accurate estimates.
Extreme Adaptive Optics Testbed: High Contrast Measurements with a MEMS Deformable Mirror

"Extreme" adaptive optics systems are optimized for ultra-high contrast applications, such as ground-based extrasolar planet detection. The Extreme Adaptive Optics Testbed at UC Santa Cruz is being used to investigate and develop technologies for high-contrast imaging, especially wavefront control. We use a simple optical design to minimize wavefront error and maximize the experimentally achievable contrast. A phase shifting diffraction interferometer (PSDI) measures wavefront errors with sub-nm precision and accuracy for metrology and wavefront control. Previously, we have demonstrated RMS wavefront errors of 10 7 over a substantial region using a shaped pupil without a deformable mirror. Current work includes the installation and characterization of a 1024-actuator Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) deformable mirror, manufactured by Boston Micro-Machines for active wavefront control. Using the PSDI as the wavefront sensor we have flattened the deformable mirror to 10 6 . Consistent flattening required testing and characterization of the individual actuator response, including the effects of dead and low-response actuators. Stability and repeatability of the MEMS devices was also tested. Ultimately this testbed will be used to test all aspects of the system architecture for an extrasolar planet-finding AO system.
Stereotyping: The link between theory and practice

Patient educators have long acknowledged the importance of individualizing educational interventions to the specific needs of individual patients. In this paper, we discuss ways in which stereotyping can interfere with this process. First, we examine stereotyping from the more general perspective of information processing. Biases introduced by stereotyping that affect the way individuals process information are discussed and the concepts of cognitive schemas and behavioral confirmation are described. We then briefly review selected studies that demonstrate stereotyping of patients by health care providers. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of stereotyping for patient education and the presentation of four strategies patient educators might employ either to decrease the occurrence of stereotyping or to avoid some of its detrimental effects.
Unsteady vortex-dominated flow around wings with oscillating leading-edge flaps

Unsteady vortex-dominated flow around delta wings with oscillating leading-edge flaps represents an important classs of problems for supermaneuverability and flow control of advanced aircraft. The problem is solved using time accurate integration of the unsteady, compressible, thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the unsteady, linearized, Navier-displacement equations. Starting with an initial configuration of the wing and its flaps, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved on an initial structured grid for the steady flow. The forced oscillation of the flaps is then applied, and the problem is solved accurately in time. The Navier-displacement equations are solved for the grid deformation and the Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the flowfield. Symmetric and anti-symmetric flaps oscillations are presented to study the effect of the flaps oscillation on the leading-edge vortical flow.
Mead Among the Cognitivists: Roles as Performance Imagery

L'A. propose la pensee de G. H. Mead comme une alternative a la sociologie des " roles " pour laquelle les individus s'inserent dans la societe a partir des roles qu'ils s'attribuent ainsi qu'a des individus representatifs| il montre que la notion d'acte social chez Mead permet de donner une conception de l'action sociale fondee sur l'imagination des actes d'autrui et de sa position, qui la rapproche des conceptions cognitivistes de la socialite
Alteration of monocrotaline pyrrole-induced cardiopulmonary effects in rats by hydrallazine, dexamethasone or sulphinpyrazone.

The effects of intraperitoneal hydrallazine, dexamethasone, or sulphinpyrazone on the toxicity of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) were examined in rats 14 days after injection of MCTP (5 mg kg-1, i.v.). MCTP alone caused increases in lung weight, and of both lactate dehydrogenase activity and protein concentration in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid. Right ventricular hypertrophy also occurred. Hydrallazine (3 mg kg-1, daily), a vasodilator and platelet prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, reduced the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and the elevation in the concentration of protein in lavage fluid. Dexamethasone (27 micrograms kg-1, daily), an anti-inflammatory agent and inhibitor of phospholipase, also reduced the right ventricular hypertrophy and the increased protein concentration in lavage fluid caused by MCTP. Sulphinpyrazone (100 mg kg-1, twice daily), an inhibitor of platelet prostaglandin biosynthesis, prevented right ventricular hypertrophy in the MCTP treated rats without affecting any of the indices of lung injury. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that platelets and vasoconstrictor agents play a role in the development of MCTP-induced pulmonary hypertension.
THE ENDOCRINE ORGANS: A POINT OF VIEW

The plea of Dr. August Hamniar (1) for systematic quantitative statistical study of the endocrine organs for the determination of the normal range of variation and with particular reference to the body as a whole, was read by the writer with sympathetic interest. The importance of such investigational work is of course appreciated; laboratories might be mentioned in which just such growth statistical work is being emphasized. Such research is clearly of importance in the direct interpretation of endoerinological fact. It seems to me that there is another quite different aspect which these interesting structures present, and I venture, even though I am in no sense an endoerinologist. to call attention to it. The general articles and addresses that have recently (2) appeared have stressed other more peculiarly clinical and physiological aspects, while the point of view I wish to emphasize, a biological embryological one, is therefore not included. For the ultimate understanding of these curious organs, howe...
Improved selective 180° radiofrequency pulses for magnetization inversion and phase reversal

Abstract Many efforts have been made to find a good selective 180° rf pulse, which include using amplitude and phase modulations, applying optimization techniques, and employing double-pulse techniques. While adequate selective magnetization inversion pulses have been designed, problems remain in the design of selective phase reversal pulses. In this paper we describe a novel approach which achieves large nutation angle selective rf pulses by using a series of small nutation angle pulse twins with alternated gradients (SNAPTAG). The design scheme takes into account the special properties of the rotation matrix appropriate for describing an rf pulse in the presence of a static field gradient. These pulses are suitable not only for selective magnetization inversion but also for selective phase reversal.
The crystal structure of lithium uranate

Abstract Lithium uranate, Li2UO4, crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell, space group, Pnma(D2h16, No. 62) with a =10.547(3), b = 6.065(1), c = 5.134(1) A and Z = 4. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data complete to 2θ = 50° were collected on a Syntex P21, automated diffractometer. The structure was solved by a combination of Patterson, Fourier, and least-squares refinement techniques to an RF = 0.061 for 321 independent reflections. The structure consists of octahedrally coordinated U(VI) ions bonded to two crystallographically different primary oxygens at distances of 1.97(2) and 1.92(2) A and to four equivalent secondary oxygens at 2.19(1) A. Octahedrally coordinated Li(1) and tetrahedrally coordinated Li(2) form LiO bonds of lengths varying from 1.91(5) to 2.29(2) A.
Vacuum polarization effects on nuclear matter and neutron stars

Abstract Vacuum renormalization of relativistic nuclear field theory is studied for nuclear and neutron star matter in general equilibrium, and neutron stars. It is found that when the coupling constants are tightly constrained by the five saturation properties of nuclear matter, the binding, density, compression modulus, symmetry energy and effective nucleon mass, the theory with or without vacuum renormalization predicts an equation of state that differs in the two cases by only several percent over the entire density range of interest. If the effective mass and compression are not controlled, as in some works, the high density behavior is markedly different. The mass of a neutron star, even at the limiting mass, is not dominated by the dense matter at its center, half the mass being contributed by matter at densities less than about 3 ρ 0 . The hyperon fraction of the limiting mass star is about 20%.
Isolation and Characterization of Ether Soluble Sugar-Amino Acid Interaction Products

SUMMARY— A procedure is described for isolating compounds formed during the heating of solutions containing sugars and amino acids. It consists of solvent partition into ethyl ether, concentration of the solvent, high vacuum distillation in an isolated system and a final concentration. Model systems were employed, consisting of one sugar and one source of amino acids from the group: dextrose, lactose, glycine, lysine, valine, and casein. The flavor concentrate had a strong caramel odor. A total of 38 non-acidic and 5 acidic gas chromatographic components were observed, but none of the systems gave rise to all of these. The differences in the gas chromatographic patterns of extracts containing both sugars and amino acids and those containing sugars alone, were more quantitative than qualitative. While many of the components remain unidentified, those positively identified were largely sugar dehydration and degradation products. One nitrogen-containing component was identified as 2-acetylpyrrole.
Finite Dimensional Controller Design for Infinite Dimensional Systems: A Passivity Approach

A new control design method for distributed parameter systems is introduced in this paper. The key idea is to use the passivity theorem to analyze closed loop stability instead of the commonly used small gain theorem. An algorithm is presented for designing stabilizing finite dimensional controller for unstable infinite dimensional systems with bounded input and output operators. This class of controller is typically of equal or smaller order than those obtained based on the small gain method.
Racial Mismatch in the Classroom: Beyond Black-white Differences

Previous research demonstrates that students taught by teachers of the same race and ethnicity receive more positive behavioral evaluations than students taught by teachers of a different race/ethnicity. Many researchers view these findings as evidence that teachers, mainly white teachers, are racially biased due to preferences stemming from racial stereotypes that depict some groups as more academically oriented than others. Most of this research has been based on comparisons of only black and white students and teachers and does not directly test if other nonwhite students fare better when taught by nonwhite teachers. Analyses of Asian, black, Hispanic, and white 10th graders in the 2002 Education Longitudinal Study confirm that the effects of mismatch often depend on the racial/ethnic statuses of both the teacher and the student, controlling for a variety of school and student characteristics. Among students with white teachers, Asian students are usually viewed more positively than white students, whi...
Defining an Individualized Treatment Strategy for Metastatic Renal Cancer

Metastatic RCC (mRCC) is a biologically diverse disease, but recognition of key molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis has resulted in the development of several advances in systemic therapy. Clinical prognostic tools have allowed for selection of optimal therapy for patients and have led to careful selection of patients most likely to benefit from surgical interventions such as cytoreductive nephrectomy or metastasectomy. The role of biomarkers to predict response to systemic therapy remains promising and is likely to evolve in the coming years given the extent of investigation in this area.
Neurosurgery in India: past as prologue.

s t t A w g INTRODUCTION InIndia, there arenoanachronisms. Fornearly every facet of life, from food and clothing to transportation or religion, elements of old and new admix to produce the kaleidoscopic maelstrom hat the guidebooks label “an assault on all the senses.” And so too it is with Indian neurosurgery, a discipline in which raditions across centuries intermingle simultaneously. Ancient ethods of healing, such as Ayurveda, homeopathy, naturopathy, nd yoga, find relevance and harmony adjacent to modern refineents, such as stereotactic radiosurgery and endovascular emboliation.
Timing analysis of the X-38 space station crew return vehicle avionics

We analyze the timing properties of the X38, an autonomous spacecraft currently being designed and built by NASA as a prototype of the International Space Station (ISS) Crew Return Vehicle (CRV). The CRV will be permanently attached to the ISS, and has the capability to automatically and safely bring to Earth a crew of seven (7) passengers in the event of an emergency ISS evacuation. The avionics hareware and software design phase for this spacecraft is currently underway and tools for representing, analyzing and verifying the hard real time timing aspects of the system are required. As a tool to verify planned performance of the safety critical system functions, an initially high level specification of the X-38 multiprocessor system task structure is modeled in Real-Time Logic (RTL) and Presburger Arithmetic representations, and the associated constraint graph and safety analysis is provided. In addition to the graph-theoretic approach to timing analysis, we also need a tool for representing the scheduling aspects of the system. Several commercially available real time scheduling analysis tools were subjectively evaluated against the requirements of this project, and a brief evaluation summary is presented.
Proteins Associated with Culex nigripalpus Nucleopolyhedrovirus Occluded Virions

Occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of Culex nigripalpus (CuniNPV) were purified by Ludox density gradient ultracentrifugation, and the proteins were separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified by using Edman sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, or a combination of these methods. Half of the 44 polypeptide sequences identified in this analysis were unique open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by the CuniNPV genome and did not show similarity to any other sequences present in protein databases. Of the 22 polypeptides that showed similarities to other baculovirus-encoded proteins, only 17 sequences have previously been identified as structural proteins. The newly identified CuniNPV structural proteins cun058, cun059, cun087, cun106, and cun109 are homologues of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ORFs 68, 62, 98, 81, and 2, respectively. The products of four genes, namely, lef-1 (cun045), alkaline exonuclease (cun054), helicase (cun089), and DNA polymerase (cun091), were not detected in the CuniNPV ODV preparations. These four genes are conserved among all annotated baculovirus genomes, and their homologues have been detected in the ODV of AcMNPV.
Future Directions Of Management Science And Operations Management In Business School Curricula

The fields of Management Science (MS) and Operations Management (OM) have co-existed in business school curricula for over a half century. This paper examines five trends that point toward a bright future for Operations Management in the business curriculum. These trends include an increasing emphasis on global competition, the growth of the supply chain as a competitive weapon, more participation from the Operations function in formulating business strategies, the continued dominance of the service sector over the manufacturing sector in developed economies, and increasing demand for general management skills over technical skills for business school graduates. The de-emphasis on technical skills and the fact that MS techniques have been subsumed into other functional areas indicates that the future of Management Science in the business curriculum may not be as bright.
Comparison between adaptive search and bit allocation algorithms for image compression using vector quantization

This article discusses bit allocation and adaptive search algorithms for mean-residual vector quantization (MRVQ) and multistage vector quantization (MSVQ). The adaptive search algorithm uses a buffer and a distortion threshold function to control the bit rate that is assigned to each input vector. It achieves a constant rate for the entire image but variable bit rate for each vector in the image. For a given codebook and several bit rates, we compare the performance between the optimal bit allocation and adaptive search algorithms. The results show that the performance of the adaptive search algorithm is only 0.20-0.53 dB worse than that of the optimal bit allocation algorithm, but the complexity of the adaptive search algorithm is much less than that of the optimal bit allocation algorithm. >
Advances in Microarray-Based Technologies for Soil Microbial Community Analyses

Studies on the diversity of microbial life within soils indicate that there are several thousand distinct microbial genome types present per gram of soil (Torsvik et al. 1990, 1996), and efforts to further characterise this diversity have revealed significant numbers of previously unknown organisms within the bacterial, archaeal and eukaryal domains of life (Bintrim et al. 1997; Hugenholtz et al. 1998; Dawson and Pace 2002; Schadt et al. 2003; Zhou et al. 2003). Microbial communities in soils also often exhibit extreme spatial and temporal variability; however, the factors that underlie and influence this variation remain largely unknown (Zhou et al. 2003). Perhaps one reason that this goal has remained elusive is a lack of common methodologies that allow for rapid, inexpensive and comprehensive characterisation of these extremely high levels of diversity. The application of microarrays to the study of gene expression in microbial genomicsnowregularly allows for comprehensive, high-throughput studies of organisms under a variety of physiological conditions (e.g. Lockhart et al. 1996; Schena et al. 1996; DeRisi et al. 1997; Ye et al. 2000; Thompson et al. 2002; Liu et al. 2003) and this technology is becoming cheaper and easier to implement. Currently, the adaptation of such techniques to problems of microbial ecology in soils and other environments is a major focus effort that is taking place in many research groups. However, the adaptation of these technologies for the detection of microbial genes in complex environmental samples presents many unique challenges (Zhou and Thompson 2002; Zhou 2003; Schadt et al. 2005). This chapter reviews the progress of those efforts to date with an emphasis on the potential application of this technology to questions in soil ecology.
PROBABILITY‐ONE HOMOTOPY ALGORITHMS FOR ROBUST CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS WITH FIXED‐STRUCTURE MULTIPLIERS

SUMMARY Continuation algorithms that avoid multiplier{controller iteration have been developed earlier for xedarchitecture, mixed structured singular value controller synthesis. These algorithms have only been formulated for the special case of Popov multipliers and rely on an ad hoc initialization scheme. In addition, the algorithms have not used the prediction capabilities obtained by computing the Jacobian matrix of the continuation (or homotopy) map, and have assumed that the homotopy zero curve is monotonic. This paper develops probability-one homotopy algorithms based on the use of general xed-structure multipliers. These algorithms can be initialized using an arbitrary (admissible) multiplier and a stabilizing compensator. In addition, as with all probability-one algorithms, the homotopy zero curve is not assumed to be monotonic and prediction is accomplished by using the homotopy Jacobian matrix. This approach also appears to have some advantages over the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) approaches resulting from extensions of the LMI framework for robustness analysis.
Image feature extraction for mobile processors

High-quality cameras are a standard feature of mobile platforms, but the computational capabilities of mobile processors limit the applications capable of exploiting them. Emerging mobile application domains, for example Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR), rely heavily on techniques from computer vision, requiring sophisticated analyses of images followed by higher-level processing. An important class of image analyses is the detection of sparse localized interest points. The Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), the most popular such analysis, is computationally representative of many other feature extractors. Using a novel code-generation framework, we demonstrate that a small set of optimizations produce high-performance SIFT implementations for three very different architectures: a laptop CPU (Core 2 Duo), a low-power CPU (Intel Atom), and a low-power GPU (GMA X3100). We improve the runtime of SIFT by more than 5X on our low-power architectures, enabling a low-power mobile device to extract SIFT features up to 63% as fast as the laptop CPU.
Variability of salt flux in the Indian Ocean during 1960–2008

Abstract This paper describes near-surface horizontal salt flux in the Indian Ocean during 1960–2008 using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Reanalysis version 2.2.4. The long term mean salt flux shows seasonal reversals that are more pronounced in the northern Indian Ocean than in the southern Indian Ocean. Mean zonal salt flux is of a higher magnitude than the mean meridional salt flux. Wyrtki jets influence zonal salt flux in the equatorial region. Meridional salt flux is northward along the northeast (NE) African coast and western Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the southwest monsoon season. The opposite holds during the NE monsoon season. Empirical orthogonal function analyses of salt flux show that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) primarily controls interannual variability with flux being westward during positive dipole events and eastward during negative dipole events. The co-occurrence of IOD with the El Nino Southern Ocean results in enhanced salt flux especially along the equatorial region. Spatially, the most variable regions are the NE African coast, eastern Arabian Sea, BoB and equatorial regions. This study will help interpret salinity data for the Indian Ocean from the recently launched Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity and Aquarius satellite salinity missions.
On the action parameter and one-period loops of oscillatory memristive circuits

We consider memelements (memristors and memductors) with special periodic responses (mixed-mode oscillations) and 2D one-period loops yielding constant parameters describing the memelements as single units or components of oscillating circuits. One of the parameters is the action parameter having the dimensions of energy $$\times $$ time and the SI unit Joule $$\times $$ second. The remaining loops and parameters correspond to energy of magnetic and electric fields, power and rms current and voltage values. Special mixed one-period loops are also analyzed with pairs of signals associated with two different components of the circuits. The areas enclosed by various loops result in special equations which can be derived from the underlying ODE model of the circuits. The action of a memelement is equivalent to the time integral of the Lagrangian $$L(w,w')$$ , where w is the internal state variable of a memelement. The analysis of memristive circuits and their parameters is considered in the framework of mixed-mode oscillations. Also, the unit of action for memelements is proposed to be called Chua ( $$=$$ Joule $$\,\times $$ second) to honor L.O. Chua for his work on memristors and memristive circuits.
Dietary Folate and Selenium Affect Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Formation, Global DNA Methylation and One-Carbon Metabolism in Rats

Several observations suggest a role for DNA methylation in cancer pathogenesis. Although both selenium and folate deficiency have been shown to cause global DNA hypomethylation and increased cancer susceptibility, the nutrients have different effects on one-carbon metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary selenium and folate. Weanling, Fischer-344 rats (n = 23/diet) were fed diets containing 0 or 2.0 mg selenium (as selenite)/kg and 0 or 2.0 mg folate/kg in a 2 x 2 factorial design. After 3 and 4 wk of a 12-wk experiment, 19 rats/diet were injected intraperitoneally with dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 25 mg/kg) and 4 rats/diet were administered saline. Selenium deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) colonic DNA methylation and the activities of liver DNA methyltransferase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and increased plasma glutathione concentrations. Folate deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the number of aberrant crypts per aberrant crypt foci, the concentration of colonic S-adenosylhomocysteine and the activity of liver cystathionine synthase. Selenium and folate interacted (P < 0.0001) to influence one-carbon metabolism and cancer susceptibility such that the number of aberrant crypts and the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and liver S-adenosylhomocysteine were the highest and the concentrations of plasma folate and liver S-adenosylmethionine and the activity of liver methionine synthase were the lowest in rats fed folate-deficient diets and supplemental selenium. These results suggest that selenium deprivation ameliorates some of the effects of folate deficiency, probably by shunting the buildup of homocysteine (as a result of folate deficiency) to glutathione.
Multidisciplinary Approaches: A Management Core for Applied Managment and Decision Science

The new management core curriculum was launched at South Dakota State University in 2012 designed for programs at the institution affiliated with decision sciences, applied management and economics. A task force of business and industry leaders working with faculty developed a set of key competencies for graduates from management-related programs. Based on those competencies, an ad hoc group of multidisciplinary faculty in the Colleges of Engineering, Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Education and Human Sciences, and Arts and Sciences designated a four-course sequence named the Management Core to address key elements of the competencies. The undergraduate Operations Management program, housed in the College of Engineering, is preparing for accreditation under ABET - Applied Sciences Accreditation Commission (ASAC) and has adopted the management core. The competencies developed by the external task force are reflected in the program educational outcomes. Department faculty accomplishes data collection on student outcomes and continuous improvement. Our challenge has been in working with departments in other colleges to design and execute an assessment plan for the courses in the Core that will meet divergent accreditation requirements. Philosophical differences on assessment, concerns about additional work to collect and organize outcome data, and faculty governance have been points of departure. To address these issues, a multidisciplinary Division of Economics and Management was formed which includes a Faculty Advisory Committee empowered to develop a framework for cross-disciplinary collaboration in course delivery and assessment. In recent weeks, engineering faculty have conducted workshops on outcome assessment and continuous improvement based on the ABET model for faculty in other colleges. This has produced better understanding of the assessment process and the value in well-designed outcome measures. This paper provides insight on the challenges and rewards of multidisciplinary curriculum development framed against ABET-ASAC accreditation requirements.
U.S. Arts Education Requirements.

Federal education legislation over the past ten years has increasingly focused on high-stakes testing in the areas of science, technology, English, and math. The resultant decrease in time and funding for the arts has caused administrators to reconsider the role of the arts in education. Although a great deal of literature has been written about the decline of arts education, very little has examined what courses are actually required in the arts at the state and higher education levels. This project examined what role arts education plays in admission and graduation from postsecondary institutions across the United States.
Online Active Learning for Cost Sensitive Domain Adaptation

Active learning and domain adaptation are both important tools for reducing labeling effort to learn a good supervised model in a target domain. In this paper, we investigate the problem of online active learning within a new active domain adaptation setting: there are insufficient labeled data in both source and target domains, but it is cheaper to query labels in the source domain than in the target domain. Given a total budget, we develop two costsensitive online active learning methods, a multi-view uncertainty-based method and a multi-view disagreement-based method, to query the most informative instances from the two domains, aiming to learn a good prediction model in the target domain. Empirical studies on the tasks of cross-domain sentiment classification of Amazon product reviews demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods on reducing labeling cost.
A-to-I editing of coding and non-coding RNAs by ADARs

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. This A-to-I editing occurs not only in protein-coding regions of mRNAs, but also frequently in non-coding regions that contain inverted Alu repeats. Editing of coding sequences can result in the expression of functionally altered proteins that are not encoded in the genome, whereas the significance of Alu editing remains largely unknown. Certain microRNA (miRNA) precursors are also edited, leading to reduced expression or altered function of mature miRNAs. Conversely, recent studies indicate that ADAR1 forms a complex with Dicer to promote miRNA processing, revealing a new function of ADAR1 in the regulation of RNA interference.
Striking the Harmonious Chord for Corporate Social Responsibility and Individuals: Affirming Closely Held Corporations’ Religious Objections to the HHS Mandate

Examines the history and scope of free exercise, RFRA, and principles of corporate theory; applies this analysis in approving the Supreme Court's closely held corporation interpretation for RFRA persons in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
Failure of Ovarian Hormones to Cause Mating Reactions in Spayed Guinea Pigs with Hypothalamic Lesions.

SummaryFollowing appropriately placed lesions at the level of the posterior border of the optic chiasma, ovariectomized guinea pigs failed to respond to previously effective dosages of estrogen and progesterone. The results reported here indicate that the failure of these animals to show estrous behavior is not due to a lack of ovarian hormones. It is possible that the lack of response to the hormones is a result of the destruction of a portion of the central nervous system which is indispensable to the integration of a complex behavior pattern. If further control experiments prove this to be the case, then the possibility must be considered that the integrating mechanism involved is located in the midventral portion of the anterior hypothalamus instead of the region of the mammillary bodies or the mesencephalic tegmentum.
The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene SRM 1475. II. Determination of Total Methyl Content by Infrared Spectrophotometry.

An ASTM method was used to determine the methyl content of linear polyethylene SRM 1475 by measuring the absorbance at 1378 cm-1 (7.25 nm) of methyl groups on compensated infrared spectra. The methyl content of this polymer was found to be 0.15 methyls per 100 carbon atoms. Considering the methyls to be polymer end groups, the number average molecular weight computed approximates that determined by gel permeation chromatography within the experimental error. These values indicate that the polymer is essentially free of branching.
A modified sol-gel technique for pore size control in porous aluminum oxide nanowire templates.

A modified sol–gel technique was developed to continuously vary the pore diameters in porous alumina templates for the purpose of growing nanowires. To coat the pore walls, the porous alumina film is initially soaked in a methanol/water solution to fill the pores with the desired concentration of water. The porous alumina film is then exposed to a solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in toluene, creating a surface layer of APTES. The concentration of water in the pores correlates with the thickness of the APTES polymer coating that is obtained. This approach exerts greater control over the extent of silane polymerization than traditional sol–gel reactions by limiting the amount of water present for reaction. Factors such as the APTES concentration, exposure time, and organic cosolvent choice did not influence the coating thickness. However, the density and thickness of the APTES coating can be manipulated by varying the pH of the methanol/water solution as well as post-treatment annealing. Fur...
A randomized, prospective pilot comparison of 3 atrial appendage elimination techniques: Internal ligation, stapled excision, and surgical excision

Background Elimination of the left atrial appendage (LAA) attempts to reduce stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A retrospective review suggests that various surgical techniques are often unsuccessful and may leave a stump or gap. In a pilot study, we prospectively evaluated 3 surgical techniques with long-term follow up to define effectiveness. Methods At a single institution, 28 patients undergoing concomitant AF surgery were randomized prospectively into 1 of 3 techniques of LAA elimination: internal suture ligation (IL), external stapled excision (StEx), and surgical excision (SxEx). The success of LAA elimination was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in all patients at the time of surgery. Failure of LAA closure consisted of either a stump (residual appendage tissue >1 cm in maximum length) or a gap (persistent flow between the left atrium [LA] and the LAA). Failure was treated intraoperatively when recognized. Late follow-up was obtained using a TEE at a mean of 0.4 years in 21/28 (75%) of patients. Results Early failure was recognized and treated in 1 patient in the IL group (13%), 6 patients in the StEx group (60%), and 2 patients in the SxEx group (20%) (P = .06). On follow-up TEE, 4 of 7 patients in the IL group (57%) had developed gaps, 3 of whom (43%) with greater than mild flow. No patients in the StEx or SxEx groups had a gap (P = .03). In late follow-up, 1 of 7 patients in the IL group (14%) had a stump, compared with 2 of 8 (25%) in the StEx group and 3 of 6 (50%) in the SxEx group (P = .35). The overall failure rate was 57%: 5 of 8 (63%) in the IL group, 6 of 10 (60%) in the StEx group, and 5 of 10 (50%) in the SxEx group (P = .85). No patient had a stroke at any time during follow-up. Conclusions LAA elimination is often incomplete and goes undetected. If the LAA is eliminated at the time of surgery, then TEE should be used intraoperatively to assess effectiveness and reintervention performed if warranted. Late assessment for completeness of closure should be considered before cessation of anticoagulation until more effective LAA techniques can be developed.
Software for SSB

The disk that accompanies this book contains a collection of public domain programs for the IBM-compatible personal computer. These programs will be described in the following sections. They have all been tested over a period of time and are believed to be accurate and bug-free.
THE STATE, THE GENTRY, AND LOCAL INSTITUTIONS: THE SONG DYNASTY AND LONG-TERM TRENDS FROM TANG TO QING*

Historians have long aspired to see beyond the rise and fall of dynasties to the longue duree and the major changes over time in Chinese society. The five empirically rich and theoretically sophisticated books discussed in this essay all share this goal. While they make distinct contributions, they have in common close attention to the relationships between the state, the elite, and local institutions between the late Tang and Qing periods. Reading them together encourages rethinking the state-and-society issues that historians have been debating for a generation. In this essay, after a brief summary of each book's major contributions, I suggest ways they help us conceptualize the long-term processes of continuity and change from the late Tang to the Qing.
Examination of the Thermal Annealing Process in Producing YBa $_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O $_{\nabla x}$ Films and Characterization of Pressure Stabilized Oxygen Chain States

We examine the nature of thermal flow during the annealing process of a recently reported method to produce films of the high-T c superconducting compound YBa 2 Cu 3 O x wherein the oxygen content (x) spatially varies across the length of the sample. In this context, we discuss contrasting annealing results that can be expected under differing annealing configurations-including the formation of discrete regions of pressure stabilized oxygen content associated with known lattice superstructures. We also examine characteristic energy scales associated with the corresponding normal and superconducting states of these stabilized superstructures. A relationship between ratios of the superconducting gap energy, superconducting electronic kinetic energy, and the BCS-Eliashberg coupling constant associated with each lattice superstructure is found. The near integer ratios observed suggest that the superstructures can be viewed as “quantum structural” lattice states in the sense that oxygen doping levels in between are composed of a superposition of ordered structures.
ROR1 Negative Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Have a Distinctive Gene Expression Signature and May Represent an Indolent-Disease Subtype

Abstract ROR1 is a type-1 tyrosine kinase-like orphan-receptor that ordinarily is expressed during embryogenesis, but that also is found on leukemia cells of patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We identified patients with CLL cells that had negligible expression of ROR1, despite otherwise satisfying all standard criteria for diagnosis of CLL by iwCLL criteria. We performed next-generation-sequencing on the transcriptomes of 12 CLL cases that had negligible expression of ROR1 and 12 cases that expressed levels of ROR1 comparable to that typically observed in CLL. Eight of the 12 ROR1-negative cases expressed unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes (IGHV) and 4 used mutated IGHV. Similarly, 7 of the 12 ROR1-positive cases used unmutated IGHV and 5 had mutated IGHV. We identified 3,094 genes that were differentially expressed between the ROR1-positive and ROR1-negative samples out of 14,761 protein-coding genes tested (DESeq2, BH-adjusted p Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of genes encoding proteins involved in targeted signaling pathways in the BIOCARTA and Reactome database revealed that the ROR1+ leukemias had higher expression levels of genes encoding proteins in the AKT pathway than did the ROR1-negative cases. Immunoblot analysis revealed higher levels of activated pAKT relative to total AKT in representative cases of ROR1-positive CLL (8.8 ± 2.8, N = 7) than that detected in ROR1-negative CLL samples (1.0 ± 0.4, N = 4, P Despite the small size of these two cohorts, it is noteworthy that the median time from diagnosis to initial therapy of the 12 patients with ROR1-negative CLL (9.4 years) was significantly longer than that noted for the 12 ROR1-positive CLL cases (2.5 years, (p In summary, this study describes a potentially new subtype of ROR1-negative CLL that has a distinctive gene expression signature and apparently indolent clinical course. Disclosures Kipps: Pharmacyclics Abbvie Celgene Genentech Astra Zeneca Gilead Sciences: Other: Advisor.