cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS): is there a difference based on onset of symptoms--pediatric versus adult?

Background: Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a well-recognized functional gastrointestinal disorder in children but its presentation is poorly understood in adults. Genetic differences in pediatric-onset (presentation before age 18) and adult-onset CVS have been reported recently but their clinical features and possible differences in response to therapy have not been well studied. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 101 CVS patients seen at the Medical College of Wisconsin between 2006 and 2008. Rome III criteria were utilized to make the diagnosis of CVS. Results: Our study population comprised of 29(29%) pediatric-onset and 72 (71%) adult-onset CVS patients. Pediatric-onset CVS patients were more likely to be female (86% vs. 57%, p = 0.005) and had a higher prevalence of CVS plus (CVS + neurocognitive disorders) as compared to adult-onset CVS patients (14% vs. 3%, p = 0.05). There was a longer delay in diagnosis (10 ± 7 years) in the pediatric-onset group when compared to (5 ± 7 years) adultonset CVS group (p = 0.001). Chronic opiate use was less frequent in the pediatric-onset group compared to adultonset patients (0% vs. 23%, p = 0.004). Aside from these differences, the two groups were similar with regards to their clinical features and the time of onset of symptoms did not predict response to standard treatment. The majority of patients (86%) responded to treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants (topiramate), coenzyme Q-10, and L-carnitine. Non-response to therapy was associated with coalescence of symptoms, chronic opiate use and more severe disease as characterized by longer episodes, greater number of emergency department visits in the year prior to presentation, presence of disability and non-compliance on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, only compliance to therapy was associated with a response. (88% vs. 38%, Odds Ratio, OR 9.6; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.18-77.05). Conclusion: Despite reported genetic differences, the clinical features and response to standard therapy in pediatric- and adult-onset CVS were mostly similar. Most patients (86%) responded to therapy and compliance was the only factor associated with a response.
Developing cross-national instruments: Using cross-national methods and procedures

Abstract The first section of this chapter deals with the research questions and the focus of the Olympiad studies. The next section concerns the development of the cross-cultural/cross-national instruments used in the international studies included in this monograph. One of these instruments (Inventory of Parental Influence) measures five family processes. Another instrument (Self-concept attribute attitude Scales — SaaS) isolates the Olympians' confidence in their math and science abilities, their general level of confidence, and their attributions for ability and effort. Another set of instruments pertained to the learning atmosphere in the home, and another dealt with school hindrances. The second section of the chapter describes the cross-national methods and procedures common to these studies.
Modern Art in the Old South: The Role of the Arts in Fisk University’s Campus Curriculum:

Charles S. Johnson, the first Black president of Fisk, encouraged integration both in the racial sense and through the inclusion of a broader range of experiences within the college curriculum. This article examines Johnson’s understanding of art as a tool for advancement, developed during his years as a promoter of African-American art and literature during the Harlem Renaissance. It explores the ways in which Fisk’s art collection and cultural programs were used, and their intended effect on students and campus life. In particular, the article demonstrates the unique role of these programs in building a sense of identity among students and expanding the worldview of people of varying races and ethnicities.
AeMg(5)In(3) (Ae = Ba, Sr): new intermetallic compounds with well-differentiated roles for the normal cation types.

The isostructural phases BaMg4.787(3)In3.213 and SrMg4.837(2)In3.163 were synthesized via high-temperature reactions of the elements in welded Ta tubes. The orthorhombic crystal structure established for these by single-crystal X-ray diffraction means (space group Pnma, Z = 4) features a 3D Mg-In network formed from condensed 21-vertex polyhedra that are centered by Ba (Sr), viz., Ae@Mg5M7In9 (M = Mg/In). Three of eight independent network sites are co-occupied by >90% Mg and <10% In(M). The network structure is the inverse of that found in the isopointal Ca(CaIn4)Au3, as clearly delineated by site charge estimates for the equivalent In3 versus Au3 positions. Tight-binding LMTO and extended Huckel calculations on the ordered AeMg5In3 support the differentiation of Mg and Ae in the structure, with substantial participation of Mg in dominant Mg-In bonding, but mainly an electron donor role for Ae. The Fermi energies lie close to pseudo gaps but with substantial DOS remaining, consistent with their measured metallic properties. An unmixed ideal AeMg5In3 would be isostructural with YCo5P3, with comparable polyhedra, but the small P in the latter lacks an effective interbridging role.
Probabilistic region-based localization for wireless networks

Determining the physical location of wireless nodes is important to a wide variety of applications. In this paper, we propose a series of probabilistic region-based localization algorithms, including using static grids, segments of grids, and dynamic meshes. These algorithms provide a wide range of trade-off between accuracy and cost, making them suitable for different types of networks, such as sensor networks and mesh networks. Furthermore, we propose several techniques to extract and leverage additional information on location constraints, which is shown to significantly improve the localization accuracy and can be applied to other localization schemes. Finally we develop techniques to enhance robustness of localization, and show that the enhanced scheme can achieve high accuracy even in the presence of significant measurement errors.
The CLIP-170 homologue Bik1p promotes the phosphorylation and asymmetric localization of Kar9p.

Accurate positioning of the mitotic spindle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is coordinated with the asymmetry of the two poles and requires the microtubule-to-actin linker Kar9p. The asymmetric localization of Kar9p to one spindle pole body (SPB) and microtubule (MT) plus ends requires Cdc28p. Here, we show that the CLIP-170 homologue Bik1p binds directly to Kar9p. In the absence of Bik1p, Kar9p localization is not restricted to the daughter-bound SPB, but it is instead found on both SPBs. Kar9p is hypophosphorylated in bik1 mutants, and Bik1p binds to both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated isoforms of Kar9p. Furthermore, the two-hybrid interaction between full-length KAR9 and the cyclin CLB5 requires BIK1. The binding site of Clb5p on Kar9p maps to a short region within the basic domain of Kar9p that contains a conserved phosphorylation site, serine 496. Consistent with this, Kar9p is found on both SPBs in clb5 mutants at a frequency comparable with that seen in kar9-S496A strains. Together, these data suggest that Bik1p promotes the phosphorylation of Kar9p on serine 496, which affects its asymmetric localization to one SPB and associated cytoplasmic MTs. These findings provide further insight into a mechanism for directing centrosomal inheritance.
Improving agreement between radiation‐delineated field edges on simulation and portal films: The edge tolerance test tool

The anatomy at the edge of a treatment machine portal film may differ from that shown by the delineator lines on a simulator film by up to 10 mm, even if both the simulator and the treatment machine meet accepted criteria for mechanical tolerances. To assure that this possibility is minimized requires some form of overall alignment check between the simulator and the treatment machine. A new test device, the edge tolerance test tool (ET3), has been designed to permit a quick and accurate check on whether portal film disagreement with simulator films is due to an accumulation of tolerances. Its use should eliminate one source of this common problem.
Controversies in the Radiotherapeutic Management of Cervical Cancer

Radiotherapy is a critical component of treatment for many patients with cervical cancer. The role of concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the majority of cases where radiotherapy is indicated has been established. However, optimal planning and delivery of radiotherapy require attention to multiple factors beyond combined-modality chemoradiation and the continuing search for novel and effective synergistic systemic agents. Several important issues surrounding radiotherapy for cervical cancer that require clarification include the following: the effect of anemia and tumor hypoxia on outcome and their potential as therapeutic targets, the appropriate incorporation of contemporary imaging and high-technology treatment planning systems in routine clinical practice, the role of prophylactic para-aortic radiation, and the role of radioprotectors. Ongoing and newly proposed studies are expected to provide insights into these questions, which will ultimately lead to enhanced radiotherapeutic and overall care for patients with cervical cancer.
Analysis of clinical complication data for radiation hepatitis using a parallel architecture model

Abstract Purpose : The detailed knowledge of dose volume distributions available from the three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation treatment of tumors in the liver (reported elsewhere) offers new opportunities to quantify the effect of volume on the probability of producing radiation hepatitis. We aim to test a new parallel architecture model of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) with these data. Methods and Materials : Complication data and dose volume histograms from a total of 93 patients with normal liver function, treated on a prospective protocol with 3D conformal radiation therapy and intraarterial hepatic fluorodeoxyuridine, were analyzed with a new parallel architecture model. Patient treatment fell into six categories differing in doses delivered and volumes irradiated. By modeling the radiosensitivity of liver subunits, we are able to use dose volume histograms to calculate the fraction of the liver damaged in each patient. A complication results if this fraction exceeds the patient's functional reserve. To determine the patient distribution of functional reserves and the subunit radiosensitivity, the maximum likelihood method was used to fit the observed complication data. Results : The parallel model fit the complication data well, although uncertainties on the functional reserve distribution and subunit radiosensitivy are highly correlated. Conclusion : The observed radiation hepatitis complications show a threshold effect that can be described well with a parallel architecture model. However, additional independent studies are required to better determine the parameters defining the functional reserve distribution and subunit radiosensitivity.
Relative Stabilities of a Family of Plastically-Deformed Lattice Close Packings of Rigid Disks.

Abstract Using the cell-cluster approximation scheme we have ascertained the relative stabilities of a family of plastically-deformed lattices containing interacting rigid disks. These lattices, referred to as Niggli lattices, represent a distortion of the regular hexagonal lattice in that single rows are systematically translated away from hexagonal packing to yield interpenetrating parallelopipedal unit cells. The cell-cluster analysis has been taken only through second order due to the complexity of the resulting subfigures. However, the results have been parameterized in terms of general translation variables which permits us to display the contents of the correlated configurational regions for all members of the infinite set of such row translates or Niggli-type lattices. In this regime we are no longer able to determine limiting contents which are exact in the close-packed limit; rather, we construct bounds to such exact regions.
A new gene (rmSTG) specific for taste buds is found by laser capture microdissection.

Getting pure populations of taste buds suitable for molecular analysis has hampered the characterization of genes specifically expressed in taste cells. To solve this problem, we prepared specific cDNA libraries from small numbers of taste cells and surrounding epithelium isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and report the discovery of a rhesus monkey novel gene (rmSTG) expressed specifically in taste cells, as found by differential screening of the cDNA libraries and RNA in situ hybridization. RNA in situ hybridization shows the preferential expression of this gene in taste buds from circumvallate, foliate, and fungiform papillae of the tongue. RT-PCR and Northern analysis of RNA from different non-taste organs showed no expression, pointing to a very specialized function of the protein in taste cells. Analysis of extended cDNAs and genomic DNA showed two exons and one intron. Northern analysis of circumvallate papillae showed a transcript of 1.3 kb as established in the gene model. BLAST search analysis showed that the human homolog is localized in the recently completely sequenced HLA class I region of Chromosome 6p21 and is sublocalized to the main susceptibility region for psoriasis vulgaris. The predicted gene encodes a protein of 314 amino acids with an N-terminal signal peptide and cleavage site, suggesting a membrane-bound or secreted protein with an extracellular role in taste cell physiology. The monkey, human, and mouse STG proteins contain potential O-glycosylation sites and tandem repeats inside a region showing ∼50% similarity with prion proteins.
Copyright and You: Copyright Instruction for College Students in the Digital Age

Abstract Educators are concerned about the ease with which new digital technologies permit intellectual property to be discovered, re-purposed and shared. What do our students know about copyright compliance and academic integrity and how are these critical information competencies being addressed? Librarians have the authority for copyright-related instruction on campus and can provide both the point-of-need instruction and expertise to ensure that all students are informed about these issues. This article discusses the importance of developing copyright education for students as part of an overall information literacy curriculum by describing the development of a relevant, active learning online course targeting students' competencies as both users of and creators of creative content.
STABILITY OF SINGLE POINT MOORING SYSTEMS

A mathematical model for the horizontal plane slow motions of ships connected to a mooring terminal through a single elastic line is developed based on the ship manoeuvring equations and a non-linear elastic mooring line model. Slowly varying excitations from current, wind and drift forces are included. Local perturbation analysis about the critical points of the corresponding autonomous system reveals the asymptotic stability characteristics of the mooring system. Time simulations using a tanker and a barge confirm the theoretically predicted long term behaviour and show the short term system behaviour. The mooring system may exhibit instability in sway, yaw and surge or reach a limit cyclic depending on the properties of the critical points, vessel type, propeller, initial conditions, current and wind.
Motivation for blood donation among African Americans: developing measures for stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy constructs

Despite a specific need for transfused blood among African Americans due to higher rates of sickle cell disease, African Americans donate blood significantly less frequently than their White counterparts. This study describes the development and validation of culturally adapted measures of the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs of Stage of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-efficacy applied to blood donation in an African American sample. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses produced one pros and two cons scales for the Decisional Balance Inventory, and one scale for the Situational Self-efficacy Measure. Expected patterns for the Decisional Balance and Self-efficacy Scales by Stage of Change were found, but only the pros and one cons scale varied significantly. Results provide support for use of the TTM applied to blood donation and have important implications for development of effective assessment and intervention tools to increase blood donation among the African American population.
Effects of 90 days exposure to catalytically treated automobile exhaust in rats.

Groups of 20 rats each were exposed 16 hr/day, 7 days/week for 45 or 90 days to a 1:10 dilution of automobile exhaust using a Chevrolet engine equipped with a platinum/palladium (PtPd) catalyst. Body weight gains, food intake, lung weights, static lung compliance, functional residual capacity (FRC), hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by exposure to auto exhaust. Total lung capacity (TLC) was increased after 45 days (P < 0.01) and TLC/body weight ratios were increased after 45 days (P < 0.01) and 90 days (P < 0.05) exposure. FRCTLC ratios were decreased (P < 0.01) after 45 days of exposure but not after 90 days. Previous exposure to auto exhaust did not affect arterial blood gases during inspiration of atmospheric air or 100% oxygen. Inspiration of 9% O2 resulted in a decrease in Pao2 compared with controls after 45 days (P < 0.01) but not after 90 days of exposure. Histological evidence of exhaust effects was limited to the detection of numerous alveolar macrophages containing a granular black pigment and small foci of mononuclear cells near smooth muscle locations in alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchi. It was concluded that the catalytic converter was successful in preventing harmful effects in the lung despite an increase in sulfuric acid output.
The effects of ractopamine on the behavior and physiology of finishing pigs

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of ractopamine (RAC) on the behavior and physiology of pigs during handling and transport. Twenty-four groups of three gilts were randomly assigned to one of two treatments 4 wk before slaughter: finishing feed plus RAC (10 ppm) or finishing feed alone. Pigs were housed in the same building in adjacent pens with fully slatted floors and ad libitum access to feed and water. Behavioral time budgets were determined in six pens per treatment over a single 24-h period during each week. Behavioral responses of these pigs to routine handling and weighing were determined at the start of the trial and at the end of each week. Heart-rate responses to unfamiliar human presence were measured in all pigs and blood samples were taken from a single pig in each pen on different days during wk 4. At the end of wk 4, all pigs were transported for 22 min to processing. Heart rate was recorded from at least one pig per pen during transport and a postmortem blood sample was taken from those pigs that were previously sampled. During wk 1 and 2, RAC pigs spent more time active (P < 0.05), more time alert (P < 0.05), and less time lying in lateral recumbency (P < 0.05). They also spent more time at the feeder in wk 1 (P < 0.05). At the start of the trial, there were no differences in behavioral responses to handling. However, over each of the next 4 wk, fewer RAC pigs exited the home pen voluntarily, they took longer to remove from the home pen, longer to handle into the weighing scale and needed more pats, slaps, and pushes from the handler to enter the scales. At the end of wk 4, RAC pigs had higher heart rates in the presence of an unfamiliar human (P < 0.05) and during transport (P < 0.05), but not during loading and unloading. Also at the end of wk 4, RAC pigs had higher circulating catecholamine concentrations (P < 0.05) than control pigs. Circulating cortisol concentrations and cortisol responses to transport did not differ between treatments. The results show that ractopamine affected behavior, heart rate, and catecholamine profile of finishing pigs and made them more difficult to handle and potentially more susceptible to handling and transport stress.
A baker's dozen—: Thirteen principles for a successful restaurant

Abstract When people plan to open a restaurant, they often look around for a book that tells them how to do it. They are often suprised to find that there is no such manual or prescription for success. However, few restaurateurs can succeed if they fail to observe the principles of paying attention to the customer and keeping control of the fundamentals.
The future of plastic optoelectronics

Printed electronics, a technology based on a new class of organic semiconductors that can be processed into thin films using conventional printing techniques, has been the subject of active research and development over the past decades. A range of solid-state devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), field-effect transistors, photodiodes, and solar cells have been demonstrated with this new class of materials. Due to their ability to be processed at low temperature, over large areas, at low cost, organic semiconductors have experienced an accelerated development in recent years and have the potential to spawn a new generation of products with thin and flexible form factors.
Solvent Viscosity and Interrelated Effects on Electrochemiluminescence Intensity of Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)†

We report the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)32+] as a function of varying solution viscosity in mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide and glycerin. Diffusion coefficient (D), electron-transfer rate (k) of Ru(bpy)32+/3+, and luminescence intensity are measured and correlated with viscosity and ECL intensity (Iecl). Iecl decreases with increasing solution viscosity and tracks diffusion and electron transfer until it reaches an upper limit. This limit is reached at D = 5 × 10-7 cm2/s and k = 0.03 cm/s in this system. Normalizing Iecl for diffusion reveals a weak enhancement of ECL with increasing viscosity.
Dimensions of affect modulated by perceived mood regulation ability.

The ability to regulate mood is a facet of emotional intelligence that may contribute to an individual’s physical and mental health. Precisely what is regulated when mood regulation occurs is dependent on what “makes up” mood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether perceived mood regulation ability can predict regulation of affect during task engagement and whether affect regulation is specific to valence or arousal. Measures of positive affect, negative affect, and frontal area sEMG (as a measure of arousal) were obtained from a sample of one hundred twenty-four participants categorized by their self report as possessing low or high mood regulation ability. Modulation of positive affect, but not negative affect, was predicted by perceived mood regulation ability. The results of sEMG were mixed. These data provide some support for the hypothesis that mood regulation ability can predict future efforts to regulate affect, at least in the context of task engagement.
Hanle effect in BO2

Abstract Hanle effect measurements on the BO2 A2Πsu state excited at 514.5 nm are reported. Doppler-free pressure- and Zeeman-boradening effects are observed. The A2Πu state is close to Hund's case a. Collisional depolarization and broadening cross sections are derived.
Perceived cancer risk and risk attributions among African-American residents of a low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhood.

Objective. In some national surveys, African-Americans have had lower scores on perceived cancer risk items than whites. Our goals were to confirm low perceptions of cancer risk in an African-American community sample and explore participants' attributions for their perceived cancer risk.Design. Data were from three cross-sectional surveys. We report levels of perceived absolute and comparative cancer risk in a community sample of African-Americans (N = 88), and African-Americans (Ns = 655, 428) and whites (Ns = 5262, 1679) from two nationally representative Health Information National Trends Surveys (HINTS). We analyzed the content of spontaneously-provided explanations for perceived risk from the community sample.Results. Perceived absolute and comparative cancer risk were lower in the community and national samples of African-Americans than in the national sample of whites. Participants' spontaneous attributions for low or lower than average risk included not having family history or behavioral risk fa...
Strong on specification.

Carson Strong a toujours utilise la casuistique pour analyser les cas perplexes de bioethique. Cependant, la theorie des principes specifies permet d'avoir une idee sur la theorie, les principes et les circonstances de la prise de decision morale
Regeneration of taste buds after surgical excision of human vallate papilla

We examined regenerative capabilities of vallate papilla and taste buds in a human adult after complete surgical excision of the papilla and underlying glands and muscle. Although trenchlike invaginations were observed in the healed epithelium biopsied 18 months after papilla removal, no normal papilla, characterized by definite boundaries and circular trench, could be found. A few regenerated taste buds, totaling slightly more than 7% of the number counted in the excised papilla, were present on the top surface of the regenerated epithelium. They were longer and narrower than the original buds, but otherwise appeared normal and most had distinct taste pores. Our findings confirm earlier reports that vallate papillae fail to reform if surgical excision is complete, but that taste buds can develop and will regenerate in tongue epithelium of nonhuman species without the presence of the original papilla.
A mRNA variant encoding a soluble form of 4-1BB, a member of the murine NGF/TNF receptor family

Abstract The murine 4-1BB gene, encoding a member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor (NGF/TNF) receptor family, is thought to be selectively expressed in T cells and is involved in the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation. We detected two forms of the 4-1BB mRNA by RT-PCR which were expressed in an activation-dependent pattern in splenocytes and thymocytes. cDNA sequencing showed that the smaller form was a mRNA splice variant lacking the transmembrane region (4-1BBATM), because of the deletion of exon 8. The two forms of mRNA are differentially expressed in murine T cells, macrophages, 3T3 fibroblasts and epitheloid cells. Northern blotting also identifies two forms of mRNA of 1.5 and 2.4 kb, and the cell-type-specific pattern correlated with the PCR results. These results identify a novel form of 4-1BB. This and the previously known membrane-associated form have a broad tissue distribution, suggesting a more diverse role in host defense.
A necessary role for cell shrinkage in apoptosis

The loss of cell volume is a fundamental and universal characteristic of programmed cell death. However, what was once thought to be a passive, secondary feature of the cell death process has now become an area of research interest. Recent studies have integrated cell volume regulation and the movement of ions with the activation of apoptosis. A dramatic reduction of potassium and sodium concentration has been shown to occur in apoptotic cells that exhibit a shrunken morphology. Furthermore, maintaining the normal physiological intracellular concentration of monovalent ions, particularly potassium, inhibits the activation and activity of the death cascades. Thus, the role ions play during apoptosis is more extensive than just facilitation of the loss of cell volume. In this article, we will review the concepts of cell volume regulation and the loss of volume during apoptosis. Additionally, we will underscore our current understanding of ion movement as it relates to the activation of the cell death process.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of the linear (Ã 2A1)3pb2 1B2 Rydberg state of water

Photoelectron spectra are reported for two-photon-resonant, three-photon ionization via several vibrational levels of the linear (A 2A1)3pb2 1B2 Rydberg state of H2O and D2O. In the dominant photoionization pathway, the ejection of the Rydberg electron occurs with no change in the electronic or vibrational state of the ion core, providing direct confirmation of the vibrational numbering of the 1B2 state proposed by Abramson et al. Photoionization accompanied by excitation of the symmetric stretch in the resulting ion is also observed, reflecting the difference in bond lengths between the 1B2 Rydberg state and the A 2A1 ionic state.
Logistics innovation in Seaports: An inter-organizational perspective

Abstract Innovation has become the most important driver of firm competitiveness in advanced economies. In today's competitive environment, firms need to complement technological innovation with non-technological innovation concerning services, people and organization in order to survive and prosper. It is widely acknowledged that innovations emerge in social interactions in which diverse actors share complementary knowledge and therefore is best developed and sustained in the long term by knowledge-intensive inter-firm relationships. At this regard, this paper aims at contributing to research in this area by focusing on the role of inter-organizational relationships for innovation in seaports; indeed, seaports provide a rich, though unexplored, field to understand the interactive nature of innovation given the multiple and strong interdependencies among port operators and firms of the regional economic system. The paper proceeds deductively by applying theoretical notions about logistics innovation to seaports and inductively by presenting specific cases of seaports that have realized logistics innovations.
Microfabricated Electrode Array Compatible With Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals During Somatosensory Stimulation and Cortical Spreading Depression

Accurate interpretation of functional brain images requires knowledge of the relationship between neurons and their supporting cells and vasculature. Our understanding of this complex and dynamic system would improve if we measure multiple aspects of brain function simultaneously. We have developed a semi-transparent electrode array which allows for concurrent multi-site electrophysiological recording and high-resolution optical imaging of intrinsic signals. The 8-channel electrode array is fabricated on a transparent glass substrate with platinum recording surfaces. We map stimulus-induced field potentials (evoked potentials) and changes in cerebral blood volume in rat somatosensory cortex. We also examine the evolution of these responses during the neuro-pathological state of cortical spreading depression. We have developed a planar multi-electrode array that is fully compatible with Optical imaging of Intrinsic Signals. It provides a sensitive and reliable tool to use in the study of neurovascular coupling in brain activation.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Über Aminoalkoholester von Hydroxyboranen, V. Boroxazolidine kernsubstituierter Diarylhydroxyborane

Es werden die Darstellung des Bis-m-tolyl-hydroxyborans sowie einiger Bis-[p-R-phenyl]-hydroxyborane (RCH3, OCH3, Cl, Br) und deren Athanolaminester beschrieben.
Behavior and life satisfactions characteristics of Swedish subjects with myocardial infarction.

Abstract Sixty-two middle-aged Swedish male survivors of their initial myocardial infarctic (MI) were compared with 109 Swedish male subjects recently examined and detemined to be free from coronary heart disease (CHD). The responses of the two groups of subjects to a brief CHD behavior and life satisfaction questionnaire were examined. The post-MI subjects indicated that they worked more hours overtime got less satisfaction from their jobs, and felt greater hostility when slowed down by others than did the comparison subjects. The comparison subjects, on the other hand registered more responsibilities at work, more supervision of others at work, more time for physical and social activities outside of work, more time spent doing work at home, and greater dissatisfaction with their financial state than did the post-MI subjects. These findings are discussed in light of previously documented data concerning behavioral and life satisfaction characteristics of American male subjects with CHD.
Degenerate elliptic inequalities with critical growth

Abstract This article is motivated by the fact that very little is known about variational inequalities of general principal differential operators with critical growth. The concentration compactness principle of P.L. Lions [P.L. Lions, The concentration compactness principle in the calculus of variation. The limit case I, Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana 1 (1) (1985) 145–201; P.L. Lions, The concentration compactness principle in the calculus of variation. The limit case II, Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana 1 (2) (1985) 45–121] is a widely applied technique in the analysis of Palais–Smale sequences. For critical growth problems involving principal differential operators Laplacian or p -Laplacian, much has been accomplished in recent years, whereas very little has been done for problems involving more general main differential operators since a nonlinearity is observed between the corresponding functional I ( u ) and measure μ introduced in the concentration compactness method. In this paper, we investigate a Leray–Lions type operator and behaviors of its ( P.S. ) c sequence.
Development of ultrasonic waveguide techniques for under-sodium viewing

Abstract An ultrasonic imaging system based on waveguide techniques was developed to provide in-service inspection of reactor core of a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) and potential applications in other hostile environments. By using the ultrasonic waveguide techniques, we overcome the major technical challenge in developing an under-sodium viewing (USV) system that can withstand the high-temperature and corrosive environment. The chosen design of the prototype waveguide (WG) is a hybrid of bundle and spiraled-sheet WG. The prototypes show high detection sensitivity with minimal background noise by effectively reducing spurious echoes and mode conversions. Tests on prototype waveguide transducers were conducted in liquid sodium up to 340 °C (650 °F). C-scan images of the targets were successfully developed from both time-of-flight and amplitude variations of the reflected echoes. The ultrasonic waveguide imaging system demonstrates a capability of detecting defects with 1 mm width and 0.5 mm depth under molten sodium.
Atrial fibrillation: how to approach rate control.

The optimal management of atrial fibrillation is of considerable clinical importance, and with the recent publication of four studies suggesting the equivalence of rate and rhythm control strategies, new attention has been focused on rate control. Reasons for rate control include reduction of symptoms and the prevention of tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy; yet, evidence-based definitions of optimal rate control are lacking. This article examines an approach to rate control that includes serial assessment of heart rate and symptoms, both at rest and with exertion, and the use of therapy tailored to the individual and modified over time (as no single therapy demonstrates clear superiority). Often, multidrug regimens including digoxin and a calcium channel blocker or β-blocker are required, and in a minority of patients atrioventricular nodal ablation and pacing are necessary. Several novel therapies currently under development are also discussed.
Three vital considerations in geriatric rehabilitation.

: Three vital factors should be taken into account in all attempts at geriatric rehabilitation: 1) psychological status, particularly as related to pseudosenility and peculiar character traits versus the old concept of senile dementia; 2) socioeconomic welfare in an era in which the over-all trend is toward separation of the aged from their children, a preoccupation with prolonging survival, and a sudden drive to solve the problem by jerry-built placeboes; and 3) vocational opportunities for the healthy and only partially handicapped aged.
Multifunctional cell therapeutics with plasmonic nanobubbles

We report our new discovery of the nanophenomenon called plasmonic nanobubbles to devise faster, safer and more accurate ways of manipulating the components of human tissue grafts. The reported work facilitates future cell and gene therapies by allowing specific cell subsets to be positively or negatively selected for culture, genetic engineering or elimination. The technology will have application for a wide range of human tissues that can be used to treat a multiplicity of human diseases.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A general formulation of Faraday's law of induction

An alternative method for deriving the electromotive force generated by the time-varying magnetic flux in a deformable and moving closed circuit is shown by introducing the modern vector analysis to the original Maxwell's treatment.
Use of e-cigarettes by individuals with mental health conditions

Background Individuals with mental health conditions (MHC) have disproportionately high tobacco-related morbidity and mortality due to high smoking prevalence rates. As high consumers of cigarettes, smokers with MHC may consider using e-cigarettes as an alternative form of nicotine delivery. Objective Examination of the susceptibility to use e-cigarettes by individuals with MHC. Methods A US population survey with a national probability sample (n=10 041) was used to assess ever use and current use of regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Survey respondents provided information about whether they had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, depression, or other MHC. Results Individuals with MHC were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (14.8%) and to be current users of e-cigarettes (3.1%) than those without MHC (6.6% and 1.1%, respectively; p<0.01). Ever smokers with MHC were also more likely to have tried approved pharmacotherapy (52.2% vs 31.1%, p<0.01) and to be currently using these products (9.9% vs 3.5%, p<0.01) than those without MHC. Additionally, current smokers with MHC were more susceptible to future use of e-cigarettes than smokers without MHC (60.5% vs 45.3%, respectively, p<0.01). Conclusions Smokers with MHC are differentially affected by the rise in popularity of e-cigarettes. Clinical interventions and policies for tobacco control on e-cigarettes should take into account the possible outcomes and their implications for this priority population.
Twelve tips for teaching avoidance of diagnostic errors

Background: Despite an increasing emphasis on patient safety on the part of healthcare systems worldwide, diagnostic error remains common. Errors frequently result in significant clinical consequences and persist despite remarkable advances in diagnostic technology. Most medical students and physician trainees receive little instruction regarding both the root causes of diagnostic errors and how to avoid such errors. Aims: This installment of the ‘12 tips’ series discusses how to familiarize the learner with the cognitive underpinnings of diagnostic error. It also describes how to teach several approaches to the diagnostic process that may lessen the likelihood of error. Methods: Specific educational practices are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on describing meta-cognitive techniques, promoting the value of the clinical examination, and employing simple diagnostic strategies, including ‘diagnostic time-outs’ and the practice of ‘worst-case scenario’ medicine. Conclusions: Clinical educators may help learners avoid diagnostic errors by employing several of the educational techniques described herein.
Semantic Security Analysis of SCADA Networks to Detect Malicious Control Commands in Power Grids (Poster)

In this poster, we present a semantic analysis framework based on a collaborative network of intrusion detection systems (IDSes) that we proposed in [3] to detect control-related attacks in power systems. The framework combines system knowledge of both cyber and physical infrastructure in power grids to help the IDS to estimate execution consequences of control commands. We demonstrate the implementation based on Bro IDS [11] and the experimental results on the performance overhead of the semantic analysis framework.
Plasma Coating and Enhanced Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes

Ultrathin polymer films have been deposited on both multi-wall and aligned carbon nanotubes using a plasma polymerization treatment. TEM experimental results showed that a thin film of polystyrene layer (several nanometers) was uniformly deposited on the surfaces of the nanotubes including inner wall surfaces of the multi-wall nanotubes. The coated multi-wall nanotubes were mixed in polymer solutions for studying the effects of plasma coating on dispersion. It was found that the dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polystyrene composite was significantly improved. The deposition mechanisms and the effects of plasma treatment parameters are discussed.
The Effect of Rock Flowage on the Kerogen of Oil Shale

It has formerly been reported that the kerogen of oil shale could be converted to petroleum at elevated pressures. Recent experimental work by the authors on typical oil shales from Elko, Nevado and Grand Valley, Colorado to determine quantitatively the amount of oil produced when these shales were subjected to rock flowage at ordinary temperatures disclosed the fact that no free oil was formed under such conditions. In view of the results obtained there is reason for doubting the common conception that the kerogen of oil shales represents a stage in the transformation of organic material to petroleum.
Three approaches to radiocarbon calibration of amino acid racemization in Mulinia lateralis from the Holocene of the Chesapeake Bay, USA

A radiocarbon-calibrated aminochronology, based on the bivalve Mulinia lateralis, is presented for Chesapeake Bay core MD03-2661, a 25 m piston core drilled near Kent Island (38 � 53.21 0 N; 76 � 23.89 0 W) during the 2003 USGS Marion-Dufresne cruise. Three separate approaches were used to calibrate amino acid racemization (AAR) data for aspartic acid with radiocarbon data. For the first approach, a direct or paired analysis calibration incorporated eight articulated specimens, thereby allowing for the application of AAR and radiocarbon analysis of the same specimen and effectively eliminating both intrashell variability and time averaging as factors in the calibration. A second direct approach relied on valves that were bilaterally split to facilitate both AAR and radiocarbon dating, thus effectively eliminating time averaging effects from this calibration. For the third indirect approach, nine independent radiocarbon dates were combined with 129 Asx D/L ratios from the same core depths to produce an indirect calibration model, from which intershell variability and time averaging could be estimated. Variability in AAR ratios was recognized from a myriad of sources, including analytical error, intrashell variability, inherent variability, time averaging, and contamination. The majority of this variability was controlled for through experimental design or by the application of these three independent calibration approaches. The direct calibration of articulated shells and the indirect calibration yielded virtually identical age models, well within their respective 95% confidence intervals. This study establishes an aminostratigraphic reference section for the Holocene record of the Chesapeake Bay and demonstrates the usefulness of multiple calibration approaches and the potential utility of AAR for future studies of sedimentary processes and chronologies in the bay.
Calcific aortic stenosis in the elderly: a brief overview.

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular lesion in patients above the age of 65. The etiology, presentation, and management of aortic stenosis differs in the elderly compared to younger patients in many ways. Many of the classic physical findings are absent in the elderly, making the diagnosis of critical aortic stenosis more difficult. Due to coexisting morbidity in many elderly patients, there is often a reluctance to recommend aortic valve replacement despite the dismal prognosis of medical therapy. In the following review, the authors discuss the pathophysiology, presentation, and management of aortic stenosis in the elderly.
Depth judgments by reaching and matching in near-field augmented reality

In this abstract we describe an experiment that measured depth judgments in optical see-through augmented reality (AR) at near-field reaching distances of ∼ 24 to ∼ 56 cm. The 2×2 experiment crossed two depth judgment tasks, perceptual matching and blind reaching, with two different environments, a real-world environment and an augmented reality environment. We designed a task that used a direct reaching gesture at constant percentages of each participant's maximum reach; our task was inspired by previous work by Tresilian and Mon-Williams [6] that found very accurate blind reaching results in a real-world environment.
Phase evolution during neutron irradiation of commercial Fe-Cr-Mn alloys

Abstract Earlier irradiation studies on simple Fe-Mn and Fe-Cr-Mn alloys in the annealed condition showed that these alloys exhibited a higher level of phase instability than do comparable Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. Contributing to this instability was the tendency of iron to segregate at microstructural sinks due to the operation of the inverse Kirkendall effect. This segregation, combined with the addition of various solutes and the application of typical thermomechanical treatments to produce the commercial alloys, added complexity to the phase evolution of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys. This complexity included the intergranular and intragranular precipitation of M23C6 carbide, alpha ferrite, and sigma. These phases can have detrimental effects on mechanical and corrosion properties. Provided that the phase transformations to sigma and carbides can be controlled, the commercial austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn alloys appear to be suitable starting compositions for the development of low activation alloys for service in fusion reactors.
A Network of Localized Linear Discriminants

The localized linear discriminant network (LLDN) has been designed to address classification problems containing relatively closely spaced data from different classes (encounter zones [1], the accuracy problem [2]). Locally trained hyperplane segments are an effective way to define the decision boundaries for these regions [3]. The LLD uses a modified perceptron training algorithm for effective discovery of separating hyperplane/sigmoid units within narrow boundaries. The basic unit of the network is the discriminant receptive field (DRF) which combines the LLD function with Gaussians representing the dispersion of the local training data with respect to the hyperplane. The DRF implements a local distance measure [4], and obtains the benefits of networks of localized units [5]. A constructive algorithm for the two-class case is described which incorporates DRF's into the hidden layer to solve local discrimination problems. The output unit produces a smoothed, piecewise linear decision boundary. Preliminary results indicate the ability of the LLDN to efficiently achieve separation when boundaries are narrow and complex, in cases where both the "standard" multilayer perceptron (MLP) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) yield high error rates on training data.