cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doing Gender as Resistance Waitresses and Servers in Contemporary Table Service

This article examines the different ways in which “waitresses” in a traditional restaurant setting and “servers” in a routinized and standardized corporate restaurant setting “do gender” in the workplace. Whereas waitresses are permitted interpretative use of gender in the workplace, the goals and ideologies of the corporate restaurant limit servers’ use of gender in the workplace. My findings suggest that normatively accepted versions of gender can be done as a method of resistance, rather than conformity, in standardized and routinized workplace settings. These conclusions are informed by ethnographic research conducted over twenty-two months in two different Los Angeles area restaurants.
Mitigating interference in a network measurement service

Shared measurement services offer key advantages over conventional ad-hoc techniques for network monitoring. A measurement service may receive measurement requests concurrently from different applications and network administrators. These measurement requests are often served by injecting active network measurement traffic between two hosts. Two active measurements are said to interfere when the probe packets of one measurement tool are viewed as network traffic by the other. This may lead to faulty measurement readings. In this paper, we model the measurement interference problem, and show how to schedule measurement tasks to reduce interference and hence increase measurement accuracy. We propose twelve computationally tractable algorithms that decrease the total completion time (makespan) of measurement tasks, while avoiding interference. Our evaluation shows that the algorithm we refer to as Largest Area First, Busiest Node First — Earliest Interval Schedule (LAFBNF-EIS) has a mean makespan of about 5% more than the theoretical lower bound over our set of measurement workloads.1
A Comparison of Snowpack Properties Derived from SSM/I Emissivity Data with Snowpack Properties Derived from SSM/I Brightness Temperature Data

Snowpack properties highly influence the microwave scattering. Brightness temperature from SSM/I has the effect of atmosphere especially in high frequency channels. Microwave emissivities, which have been derived by removing the contribution of the atmosphere, clouds, and rain, can also be used to estimate snowpack properties. In order to improve microwave based Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) retrievals, snow pack properties variations need to be taken to account. The sensitivity of passive microwave satellite observations to snow characteristics is evaluated, between 19 and 85 GHz, for the Great Plains area in USA and Canada. A microwave snow emission model was applied to the data base to retrieve snowpack properties. The results indicate emissivities at high frequency (85 GHz) are very sensitive to the presence of snow on the ground, even for very low snow depth, they also show a better performance in estimation of snowpack properties.
Factors affecting the success of Hmong college students in America

This study explores barriers and success factors of Hmong students in American colleges by interviewing five Hmong graduate students from refugee families in the US. Emerging themes revolve around academic, cultural and financial barriers. Professors, advisors, classmates, academic support programmes, family, financial aid and their own psychological resources were identified as supportive factors in addressing their academic, cultural and financial needs. Implications and recommendations are drawn on how college counsellors and other professionals may best assist Hmong college students.
Behavior Genetic Studies of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress

Systematic research in the fields of cardiovascular psychophysiology, behavioral medicine, and psychosomatic medicine has revealed that there is considerable individual variation in psychophysiological responses to psychological stress (Manuck, Kasprowicz, Monroe, Larkin, & Kaplan, 1989; Obrist, 1981; Turner, 1989). While all individual difference phenomena are of intrinsic interest to behavioral scientists, variation in cardiovascular stress responses has attracted additional attention as a result of hypothesized links between large stress responses and the later development of cardiovascular disease (Blascovich & Katkin, 1993; Matthews et al., 1986; Manuck, 1994; Turner, Sherwood, & Light, 1992).
Conditions Facilitating Interorganizational Collaboration

There is a growing need to promote collaborative problem solving across various sectors of society, e.g., among business, government, labor, and communities. Organizing such collaborative efforts requires focusing on the interorganizational domain or set of interdependencies which link various stakeholders rather than on the actions of any single organization. Moreover, effective collaboration at the domain level is predicated on several preconditions. This paper synthesizes research findings from organization theory, policy analysis, and organization development, and proposes conditions that are essential to achieving collaboration during each of three successive phases of the process. Designing optimum conditions for collaboration depends on the presence and strength of these factors at appropriate points during the collaborative process.
Key steps toward the creation of QCD — Notes on the logic and history of the genesis of QCD

The creation of QCD is one of greatest achievements in the history of science. It has radically changed our conception of the fundamental ontology of the physical world and its underlying dynamics. What it has discovered are more than new particles and a new force, but rather a deeper level of physical reality, a new kind of entities. Dynamically, the strong nuclear forces are no longer taken to be fundamental, but are relegated to the status of the un-cancelled residue of far stronger long range force mediated by gluon. From a long term perspective, perhaps more important than these discoveries is that it breaks a new path to explore many novel features of an unknown layer of the physical world, such as instanton, the theta vacuum and effective energy. The notion of effective energy allows us to conceptualize the mysterious quantum number flow and hadronization. Although the metaphysical status of effective energy is not quite clear at this moment, but a window is open for conceptualizing the physical world that is in complex processes of transmutations in a unified way.
Information theory and radar waveform design

The use of information theory to design waveforms for the measurement of extended radar targets exhibiting resonance phenomena is investigated. The target impulse response is introduced to model target scattering behavior. Two radar waveform design problems with constraints on waveform energy and duration are then solved. In the first, a deterministic target impulse response is used to design waveform/receiver-filter pairs for the optimal detection of extended targets in additive noise. In the second, a random target impulse response is used to design waveforms that maximize the mutual information between a target ensemble and the received signal in additive Gaussian noise. The two solutions are contrasted to show the difference between the characteristics of waveforms for extended target detection and information extraction. The optimal target detection solution places as much energy as possible in the largest target scattering mode under the imposed constraints on waveform duration and energy. The optimal information extraction solution distributes the energy among the target scattering modes in order to maximize the mutual information between the target ensemble and the received radar waveform. >
Increased Coherence between the Basal Ganglia and Motor Cortex in a Rat Model of Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest. (P7.323)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize network dynamics between the basal ganglia and motor cortex in cardiac arrest survivors. BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia are acutely vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic injury during cardiac arrest. Consequently, movement disorders are a common morbidity in survivors. Yet, the post-arrest state of the neuronal network governing movement, which includes the basal ganglia and the motor cortex, remains poorly characterized. DESIGN/METHODS: Rats underwent either 9.5 minutes of asphyxial cardiac arrest (n=5) or sham intervention (n=4) during the 3rd post-natal week. Six months after injury, we simultaneously recorded single neurons and local field potentials (LFP) in the rat entopedunculular nucleus (EPN), which corresponds to the primate globus pallidus pars interna, and in the primary motor cortex (MCx) in lightly-sedated rats under neuromuscular blockade. Data were analyzed for firing rates and for coherence between single neurons in EPN and LFP in MCx. RESULTS: Compared to controls, cardiac arrest survivors demonstrate greater coherence between EPN single neurons and MCx LFP across all frequency bands (3Hz-100 Hz, p < 0.0001). Increased coherence is most prominent in the beta frequency range (12-35 Hz). In addition, EPN neurons in cardiac arrest survivors tend to fire at lower rates than in control rats (31+/-26 Hz post-arrest vs. 42+/-26 Hz sham, p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Increased coherence between EPN neurons and motor cortex LFP’s indicates abnormally increased synchrony in the neuronal network governing movement after cardiac arrest. Increased synchrony in basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops, especially in the beta frequency range, is thought to be anti-kinetic in Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. These results are the first to show that similar network changes occur after cardiac arrest and may help guide clinical management of post-hypoxic movement disorders. Study Supported by: NINDS K08 NS-082362-01, Children9s Discovery Institute, Children9s Health Research Center at WUSM K12-HD076224, McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience. Disclosure: Dr. Aravamuthan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shoykhet has nothing to disclose.
Evaluation of drift gas selection in complex sample analyses using a high performance drift tube ion mobility-QTOF mass spectrometer

A recently developed uniform-field high resolution ion mobility (IM) quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer is used for evaluating the utility of alternate drift gases for complex sample analyses. This study provides collision cross section comparison for 275 total pesticides including structural isomers in nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride drift gases. Furthermore, a set of small molecules and Agilent tune mix compounds were used to study the trends in experimentally derived collision cross section values in argon and the alternate drift gases. Two isomeric trisaccharides, melezitose and raffinose, were used to evaluate the effect of the drift gasses for mobility separation. The hybrid ion mobility Q-TOF mass analyzer used in this study consists of a low pressure uniform field drift tube apparatus coupled to a high resolution Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Conventionally, low pressure ion mobility instruments are operated using helium drift gas to obtain optimal structural information and collision cross-section (CCS) values that compare to theoretical CCS values. The instrument employed in this study uses nitrogen as the standard drift gas but also allows the utility of alternate drift gases for improved structural analysis and selectivity under certain conditions. The use of alternate drift gases with a wide range of polarizabilities allows the evaluation of mobility separation power in terms of induced dipole interactions between the drift gas and the analyte ions.
Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in hypoxia-induced ischemic tolerance in neonatal rat brain

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer composed of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta protein subunits. This transcription factor is essential for the activation of hypoxia-inducible genes like erythropoietin, some glucose transporters, the glycolytic enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Because HIF-1 activation may promote cell survival in hypoxic tissues, we studied the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on HIF-1 expression in neonatal rat brain. Hypoxic preconditioning (8% O2 for 3 hours), a treatment known to protect the newborn rat brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury, markedly increased HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta expression. To support the role of HIF-1 in protective preconditioning, we also studied the effect of two other known HIF-1 inducers, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and desferrioxamine (DFX), on HIF-1 expression and neuroprotection in newborn brain. HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta protein levels were markedly increased after intraperitoneal injection of CoCl2 (60 mg/kg) and moderately increased after intraperitoneal injection of DFX (200 mg/kg) 1 to 3 hours after the injections. Preconditioning with CoCl2 or DFX 24 hours before hypoxia-ischemia afforded 75 and 56% brain protection, respectively, compared with that in vehicle-injected littermate controls. Thus, HIF-1 activation could contribute to protective brain preconditioning, which could be used in high-risk deliveries and other clinical situations.
Violence Against Deaf Women: Effect of Partner Hearing Status

Using a sample of Deaf female undergraduate students, the current study sought to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and characteristics of intimate partner violence victimization in hearing-Deaf and Deaf-Deaf relationships. Initial results suggest that similarities in hearing status and communication preference are associated with increased levels of negotiation within these relationships. However, compatibility in these areas did not co-occur with significant decreases in physical, psychological, or sexual partner violence. Recommendations for future research as well as implications for clinical and educational practice are outlined.
A spectral moment approach to velocity estimation in mobile communications

Estimation of the maximum Doppler spread, or equivalently the vehicle velocity is useful in improving handoff algorithms, and necessary for the optimal tuning of parameters for systems that adapt to changing channel conditions. We provide a novel velocity estimator based on the spectral moments of the in-phase and the quadrature-phase components or the squared envelope of the received signal. We characterize the joint effects of the Ricean K-factor, the directivity and the angle of non-isotropic scattering, and the effects of additive white noise on our estimator and other covariance-based velocity estimators analytically. Simulations illustrate our approach and compare with existing techniques.
Estrogen administered after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation ameliorates acute kidney injury in a sex- and age-specific manner

There is a sex difference in the risk of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), and estrogen mediates the protective effect of female sex. We previously demonstrated that preprocedural chronic restoration of physiologic estrogen to ovariectomized female mice ameliorated AKI after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). In the present study, we hypothesized that male mice and aged female mice would benefit from estrogen administration after CA/CPR. We tested the effect of estrogen in a clinically relevant manner by administrating it after CA/CPR. CA/CPR was performed in young (10–15 weeks), middle-aged (43–48 weeks), and aged (78–87 weeks) C57BL/6 male and female mice. Mice received intravenous 17β-estradiol or vehicle 15 min after resuscitation. Serum chemistries and unbiased stereological assessment of renal injury were completed 24 h after CA. Regional renal cortical blood flow was measured by a laser Doppler, and renal levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) were evaluated with immunoblotting. Post-arrest estrogen administration reduced injury in young males without significant changes in renal blood flow (percentage reduction compared with vehicle: serum urea nitrogen, 30 %; serum creatinine (sCr), 41 %; volume of necrotic tubules (VNT), 31 %; P < 0.05). In contrast, estrogen did not affect any outcomes in young females. In aged mice, estrogen significantly reduced sCr (80 %) and VNT (73 %) in males and VNT (51 %) in females. Serum estrogen levels in aged female mice after CA/CPR were the same as levels in male mice. With age, renal ERα was upregulated in females. Estrogen administration after resuscitation from CA ameliorates renal injury in young males and aged mice in both sexes. Because injury was small, young females were not affected. The protective effect of exogenous estrogen may be detectable with loss of endogenous estrogen in aged females and could be mediated by differences in renal ERs. Post-arrest estrogen administration is renoprotective in a sex- and age-dependent manner.
Alternative Digit Ratios and Their Relationship to Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Background The ratio of the second to the fourth digits (2D:4D) has been linked to prenatal androgen exposure and prostate cancer (PCa). The use of alternative finger ratios has been shown to be a greater indicator of sexual dimorphism when compared with the traditional 2D:4D ratio. This study aimed to assess the relationship between alternative digit ratios, racial demographics, and clinical/pathologic parameters associated with PCa. Materials and Methods Digital finger length measurements were made from scanned images of hands from patients with PCa. Race, age, family history, history of metastasis, and Gleason score at diagnosis were assessed in a cross-sectional clinic-based study. Demographic and clinical parameters were analyzed with respect to various alternative finger length ratios. Results Hand measurements were obtained in 354 white and 98 African-American patients with PCa. African-American men were more likely to have a smaller 2D:3D ( P P P = .0005), R4D:5D ( P = .0014), and R2T:2D ( P = .0501) digit ratios were present in African-Americans compared with whites. In exploratory analyses, African-American men with a smaller left (L)2T:2D ratio were younger at the time of PCa diagnosis ( P = .0125). No relationship was found between the various digit ratios and Gleason score, the presence of metastatic disease, or family history. Conclusion Various alternative finger length ratios show strong differences between African-American and white men in this study. The potential relationship between the 2T:2D ratio and age at diagnosis in African-Americans needs additional verification.
Productive Efficiency And Optimal Firm Size: The Case Of US Health Services Industry

This paper examines the link between firm size and productive efficiency. In so doing, it attempts to determine optimal firm sizes in terms of market capitalization and total asset thereby allowing firms to achieve higher level of productive efficiency. The results indicate that the optimal firm size in terms of market capitalization is $13.1 billion. In terms of total asset, the optimal firm size is $10.3 billion. The results also suggest that there is a threshold above which an increase in firm size adversely affects the level of productive efficiency. The results have important implications for managerial policies regarding firm restructuring. To achieve higher productive efficiency, smaller firms have to pursue expansion strategies through mergers and acquisitions. Larger firms, on the other hand, have to pursue divestment strategies to reduce the size of their assets, particularly by refocusing on core competencies.
Abstract 2543: Thrombolytic Efficacy of Encapsulated Plasminogen

Introduction: Incidence of hemorrhage linked to treatment of ischemic stroke with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has led to interest in combination therapies such as plasminogen (Plg), with the goal of decreasing the administered volume of tPA. In-vitro studies using Plg have shown enhancement of lysis. However, due to rapid deactivation of Plg-derived plasmin in-vivo, local delivery of Plg via encapsulation by liposomes and release by ultrasound (US) may be necessary. This study examined the enhancement of tPA-induced lysis using encapsulated Plg (EPlg), in an in-vitro clot model. Methods: Blood was drawn from 26 subjects after local Institutional Review Board approval. Clots were made in 20-µL pipettes and placed in a water tank for microscopic visualization during treatment. Sample clots were exposed to tPA in human fresh-frozen plasma (hFFP) at a concentration of 3.15 µg/ml and EPlg at a concentration of 167 µg Plg/ml. Clots were exposed to no tPA (Control), tPA alone (+tPA), tPA and EPlg (+EPlg), tPA and 120-kHz US (+US), or tPA, EPlg, and 120-kHz US (+EPlg-US) for 30 minutes. The extent of thrombolysis was determined by assessing clot width as a function of time, using a time-lapse microscopic imaging technique; the fractional clot loss (FCL) at 30 minutes was used to determine thrombolytic efficacy. Results: Each treatment group had a minimum of 6 clots (range: 6-158) from 2 different donors (range: 2-24). FCL for +tPA was 38% (95% Confidence Interval: 36-40%); FCL for +EPlg was 39% (30-46%) (p=0.48 vs. +tPA). FCL for +EPlg-US was 49% (43-54%) (p<0.01 vs. +tPA). However, it did not exceed FCL for +US at at 70% (64-76%) (p<0.01 vs. +EPlg-US). Conclusions: Lysis with EPlg with tPA and US is more effective than tPA alone. This improvement of lytic efficacy using EPlg is dependent on concomitant use of US. Interaction between liposomes, Plg, and US is complex and merits further study. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
L'ENTREPRISE EUROPÉENNE : INEXISTANTE, MORIBONDE OU MODÈLE POUR L'EXPORTATION ? ∗

Sommaire. L’essai traite la question suivante : existe-t-il parallelement au modele americain pretendu universel, un modele d’entreprise specifiquement europeen? Les firmes europeennes presentent des caracteristiques similaires. Ces donnees empiriques nous meneraient a repondre par l’affirmative a la question posee. La tendance preponderante est la convergence intra-europeenne des regimes d’entreprise, plutot que leur convergence globale. Il n’existe a ce jour pas de faits suffisants permettant de supposer la faillite du modele europeen, comme on l’a souvent prevu. Sa plus grande flexibilite, sa capacite d’adaptation a des environnements divers, et les problemes recents qu’ a connus le modele americain de gouvernance corporative, le modele europeen pourrait bien servir de modele pour l’exportation. Cet essai tente donc de renforcer l’idee de diversite dans le monde des petites entreprises en montrant que sous une apparente homogeneite se cache une pluralite d’organisations et de modes d’accession a la rentabilite. Summary. The paper addresses the question of whether there is a specifically European business model in addition to the purportedly universal American model of corporate governance. The empirical data suggest an affirmative answer. The preponderant trend is that of an intra-European convergence of business models and management styles. Overall, the European business model has performed well and has, in certain sectors, been successfully adopted elsewhere. Its greater adaptability to different environments, which distinguishes it from an American model of corporate governance of expectedly universal applicability, makes it a good candidate for export. The paper emphasizes that behind an apparent homogeneity among SMEs there exists a plurality of successful types of organizations and profitable corporate strategies.
The Operating Performance of REITs Conducting Open-Market Repurchases

Executive Summary. This study examines whether the operating performance improves following real estate investment trust (REIT) open-market stock repurchase announcements. Based on REIT repurchases...
Making sense of citizen diplomats: The people of Duluth, Minnesota, as international actors

What is citizen diplomacy and how do we assess its significance? These are important questions because of the recent upsurge in international activity of this kind, and because how we answer them says a great deal about how we “do IR.” By examining citizen diplomacy in Duluth, Minnesota, this paper offers a typology of citizen diplomats organized around the ideas of who or what they are representing and to whom. Assessing the significance of citizen diplomacy is a more difficult problem since individuals tend to generate a priori answers to it based on our respective theoretical orientations to IR as a whole. As a solution to this problem, the paper proposes a “diplomatic” approach which focuses on both the representation of differences to one another and the professional commitment which diplomats have to maintaining the practices and institutions which make such relations possible.
A Monte Carlo Study of an Iterative Wald Test Procedure for DIF Analysis.

This study examined the performance of a proposed iterative Wald approach for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) between two groups when preknowledge of anchor items is absent. The itera...
Comparison of the usefulness of histochemistry and ultrastructural cytochemistry in the identification of neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms range from well to poorly differentiated types. These neoplasms usually contain neurosecretory (NS) granules demonstrated by either transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or silver reduction methods. By using the uranaffin reaction, one can differentiate NSG from other membrane-bound organelles. Recently, a variety of antibodies reactive against specific peptides or neurotransmitter substances have been advocated as being diagnostically useful. Using the peroxidase–anti-peroxidase (PAP) or Avidin-Biotin technics, we studied 41 NE neoplasms using anti-sera specific for neuron- specific enolase (NSE), bombesin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), calcitonin, and serotonin. All cases were shown to contain NS granules with a positive uranaffin reaction. In all 25 well-differentiated cases, at least one anti-serum gave a positive reaction. NSE was positive in 22 of the 25. In the poorly differentiated group, 7 (43.2%) of 16 were negative for all anti-sera tested. In these negative cases TEM using the uranaffin reaction remains an important diagnostic test.
Large Eddy Simulation of Film-Cooling Above the Flat Surface with a Large Plenum and Short Exit Holes

Large Eddy Simulation of a realistic film-cooling configuration is performed, consisting of a large plenum feeding a periodic array of short film-cooling holes with length to diameter ratio L/d =3 .5. Film-cooling jets are issued at 35 degrees into the turbulent crossflow boundary layer above the flat surface. Details of the flowfield inside the film-cooling hole as well as above the cooled surface are analyzed. Separation is found inside the hole caused by the sharp turning of the flow exiting the plenum. Vortical structures of inclined jet in a crossflow are observed and compared to that found in normals jets. The effect of crossflow fluid entrainment beneath the jet by the low pressure zone is demonstrated and its connection to the film-cooling effectiveness is discussed. Time-averaged velocity field and turbulence statistics are compared to the available experimental data.
Psychophysical Foundations of a Model of Amplified Night Vision in Target Detection Tasks

In this article we examine some of the basic psychophysics relevant to amplified night vision devices. These devices produce images that are substantially different from ordinary visual scenes. Distortions in contrast and luminance and the introduction of visual interference and geometrical artifacts contribute to unusual viewing conditions. We carried out experiments to determine the effect of these parameters of the image on a highly controlled visual target detection task simulated on a computer graphics system that closely models a night vision device. Our results indicate that display luminance and geometrical artifacts degrade detection performance only slightly, whereas contrast and visual interference have a substantial degrading effect.
Analysis on the drinking status and its related factors among 20-to 59-year-old males in Guangzhou in 2008

Objective To analyze the drinking status and its relevant factors among males at the age from 20 and 59 years in Guangzhou in 2008. Methods We conducted a survey among 2,625 male participants aged between 20 and 59 years and recruited from 31 streets/ townships and 114 residential committees/villages by multistage clustering random sampling in 2008. Results The total drinking rate of males aged between 20 and 59 years was 33.8% in Guangdong in 2008, with 8.3% of binge drinking rate. The incidence rate of binge drinking in males aged below 40 years was significantly higher than that in males aged above 40 years, and the incidence of rural areas was higher than that of urban areas. The incidence of binge drinking of males having secondary education was the highest. The risk in males with drinking and binge drinking due to job or life stress was between 1.46 to 1.77 times that in males who never drank alcohol during the past year. Stratified analysis showed that the proportion of binge drinking in urban married males with secondary education background and job/life stress was significantly higher than that in males without job/life stress(all P 0.05). Conclusion Binge drinking mainly results from job/life stress among males aged 20 to 59 years in Guangzhou. Urban married males with secondary education background are more likely to drink too much alcohol to relieve job/life stress, and the interventions should be focused on this group.
Regulation of glucose utilization in human skeletal muscle during moderate dynamic exercise.

The effect of bicycle exercise (75% of maximal oxygen uptake) on glucose uptake by the inferior limb (LGU) and glycolysis in human skeletal muscle has been investigated. Biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps femoris muscle before exercise, after 5 and 40 min of exercise, and at fatigue [74.9 +/- 4.7 (SE) min]. LGU was 0.05 +/- 0.02 mmol/min at rest, increased approximately sevenfold after 5 min of exercise, and continued to increase linearly during the first 40 min of exercise. Thereafter LGU stabilized at approximately 1.4 mmol/min until fatigue. Intracellular glucose was low at rest but increased sixfold after 5 min of exercise (P less than 0.01 vs. rest); thereafter, intracellular glucose decreased and was not significantly different from the value at rest after 40 min or at fatigue (P greater than 0.05). D-Glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P) and alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G-1,6-P2) (inhibitors of hexokinase) increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (approximately 300% G-6-P; approximately 25% G-1,6-P2) and then decreased continuously. The muscle glycolytic rate (glycogenolysis + glucose uptake) averaged 7.7 mmol.kg dry wt-1.min-1 during the first 40 min of exercise and 3.7 mmol.kg dry wt-1.min-1 during the last 35 min of exercise. The contribution of extracellular glucose to muscle glycolysis was estimated to be only 5 and 19% during the initial and latter phases of exercise, respectively. It is concluded that, during the initial phase of exercise, glucose utilization is limited by phosphorylation, probably due to G-6-P-dependent inhibition of hexokinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Multi-Set Stream Clustering Problem.

The problem of clustering has been widely studied by the data mining community because of its applications to a wide variety of problems in the context of customer segmentation, electronic commerce and learning. In general, the problem of clustering is generally presented as one of clustering individual instances of data records. In many applications, we have a collection of multiple sets of records. Each such set is essentially a database of records, and each database may possibly contain a different number of records. It is desirable to cluster these sets on the basis of the similarity of underlying data distribution. Thus, this problem may also be understood as that of clustering sets of data sets, as opposed to clustering sets of instances. The problem is especially challenging when the data sets are not available at one time, but are presented in the form of out-of-order and mixed streams, in which the records from different data sets do not arrive in any particular order, but are mixed with one another. In this paper, we present a first approach to the problem with the use of anchor-based summarization. We present experimental results for the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach on a number of real data sets.
Network Modeling Identifies Patient-specific Pathways in Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of malignant human brain tumor. Molecular profiling experiments have revealed that these tumors are extremely heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is one of the principal challenges for developing targeted therapies. We hypothesize that despite the diverse molecular profiles, it might still be possible to identify common signaling changes that could be targeted in some or all tumors. Using a network modeling approach, we reconstruct the altered signaling pathways from tumor-specific phosphoproteomic data and known protein-protein interactions. We then develop a network-based strategy for identifying tumor specific proteins and pathways that were predicted by the models but not directly observed in the experiments. Among these hidden targets, we show that the ERK activator kinase1 (MEK1) displays increased phosphorylation in all tumors. By contrast, protein numb homolog (NUMB) is present only in the subset of the tumors that are the most invasive. Additionally, increased S100A4 is associated with only one of the tumors. Overall, our results demonstrate that despite the heterogeneity of the proteomic data, network models can identify common or tumor specific pathway-level changes. These results represent an important proof of principle that can improve the target selection process for tumor specific treatments.
The Effects of Decision Outcome Dispersion Upon Organizational Decision Making

The effects of varying decision outcome dispersion on organizational decision making were investigated under individual and group decision making conditions. Thirty-six female and pg]36 male subjects made decisions for organizational decision scenarios in which outcomes affected primarily the decision maker, people other than the decision maker, or a group of which the decision maker was a member. Subjects rated their levels of perceived risk and confidence in their decisions and made decisions within a simulated context of either a small or a large organization. Results indicated that subjects perceived significantly less risk and more confidence in their decisions when outcomes affected primarily themselves rather than others regardless of whether the decisions were made individually or by a group. Males perceived their decisions as significantly more risky than females. Induced organizational size did not significantly influence decision making.
Multispectral chiral imaging with a planar lens

We report for the first time chiral imaging using a single planar meta-lens. Using only this meta-lens and a camera, chiroptical properties of a biological specimen is mapped across the visible spectrum.
Making Residents Part of the Safety Culture: Improving Error Reporting and Reducing Harms.

OBJECTIVES Reporting medical errors is a focus of the patient safety movement. As frontline physicians, residents are optimally positioned to recognize errors and flaws in systems of care. Previous work highlights the difficulty of engaging residents in identification and/or reduction of medical errors and in integrating these trainees into their institutions' cultures of safety. METHODS The authors describe the implementation of a longitudinal, discipline-based, multifaceted curriculum to enhance the reporting of errors by pediatric residents at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The key elements of this curriculum included providing the necessary education to identify medical errors with an emphasis on systems-based causes, modeling of error reporting by faculty, and integrating error reporting and discussion into the residents' daily activities. The authors tracked monthly error reporting rates by residents and other health care professionals, in addition to serious harm event rates at the institution. RESULTS The interventions resulted in significant increases in error reports filed by residents, from 3.6 to 37.8 per month over 4 years (P < 0.0001). This increase in resident error reporting correlated with a decline in serious harm events, from 15.0 to 8.1 per month over 4 years (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Integrating patient safety into the everyday resident responsibilities encourages frequent reporting and discussion of medical errors and leads to improvements in patient care. Multiple simultaneous interventions are essential to making residents part of the safety culture of their training hospitals.
Coupled metallic nanolaser arrays

Heptamer arrays of coupled metallic nanolasers are demonstrated. The lasers operate in a single transverse and longitudinal mode, have low thresholds, and are capable of generating high output powers.
Block sparse compressed sensing in ultrasonic NDE echo analysis and parameter estimation

In this investigation, compressed sensing (CS) is utilized to examine the sparsity of ultrasonic NDE signal, which consequently improves the efficacy of data sampling with significant lower rate than the Nyquist rate. The time-of-arrivals (TOAs) and amplitudes of dominant echoes are estimated through annihilating filter in the CS via matrix operation. The matrix size is proportional to the number of echoes. Block sparse representation is introduced to limit the number of echoes, subsequently reduces the computation of signal reconstruction. Furthermore, the echo estimation results are used as a priori information in signal decomposition and parameter estimation. Our experimental study shows that the block sparse CS can accurately estimate the TOAs and amplitudes of ultrasound echoes in the presence of noise with SNR as low as −5 dB. It also demonstrates the boosted sampling efficiency and significant reduction of computation brought by the block sparse scheme in echo estimation and parameter estimation. The study could have a great potential in material evaluation and structural health monitoring, especially realtime defect detection and pattern recognition.
Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry and Development of Ultrasensitive Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) - zero-dimensional materials - are sheets of a few nanometers in lateral dimension and exhibit quantum confinement and edge site effects where sp2-bonded carbon nanocore surrounded with edged plane functional moieties is promising as advanced electroactive sensing platforms. In this work, GQDs are synthesized by solvothermal and hydrothermal techniques, with optimal size of 5 nm. Their potential in fundamental (direct electron transfer) and applied (enzymatic glucose biosensor) electrochemistry are demonstrated. Glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with GQDs are investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry. Well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks observed under various electrochemical parameters helped to determine diffusion coefficient (D) and first-order electron transfer rate (kET). The cyclic voltammetry curves showed homogeneous ion transport for GQD with D ranging between 8.45 × 10−9 m2 s−1 and 3 × 10−8 m2 s−1 following GO < rGO < GQD < GQD (with FcMeOH as redox probe) < GOx/rGO < GOx/GO < HRP/GQDs < GOx/GQDs. The developed GOx-GQDs biosensor responds efficiently and linearly to the presence of glucose over concentrations ranging 10 μM and 3 mM with limit of detection 1.35 μM and sensitivity 0.00769 μA μM−1·cm−2 as compared with rGO (0.025 μA μM−1 cm−2, 4.16 μM) and GO (0.064 μA μM−1 cm−2, 4.82 μM) nanosheets. The high performance and stability of GQDs is attributed to sufficiently large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biocompatibility, abundant hydrophilic edge site density, and partially hydrophobic planar sites that favors GOx adsorption on the electrode surface and versatile architectures to ensure rapid charge transfer and electron/ion conduction (<10 ms). We also carried out similar studies with other enzymatic protein biomolecules on electrode surfaces prepared from GQD precursors for electrochemical comparison, thus opening up potential sensing applications in medicine as well as bio-nanotechnology.
Steam reforming of simulated bio-oil on K-Ni-Cu-Mg-Ce-O/Al2O3: The effect of K

Abstract Steam reforming of simulated bio-oil (ethanol, acetone, phenol, and acetic acid) and phenol has been studied on K-Ni-Cu-Mg-Ce-O/Al2O3 composite catalysts. Complementary characterization techniques, such as nitrogen sorption, XRD, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, CO-TPD, CO-DRIFTS, and in situ XPS, were used to correlate surface structure and functionality to catalytic performance of potassium (K) doped catalysts. K doping of the Ni-Cu-Mg-Ce-O/Al2O3 catalyst created a Ni°/Ni2+ mixed active phase, which not only enhanced steam reforming activity, but also suppressed the methanation reaction. In addition, K doping changed the surface acid-basic properties of the catalyst, which instead favor the gasifcation and water-gas shift reactions. With the combination of these effects, K doping of Ni-Cu-Mg-Ce-O/Al2O3 catalysts led to higher C1 yield and much lower methane formation, favoring hydrogen production in steam reforming of both phenol and simulated bio-oil.
PM aware storage engine for MongoDB

With the maturity of Persistant Memories (PM) such as storage class memory technologies, e.g., STT-MRAM, PCM, ReRAM and 3DXpoint, we expect to see practical implementation of data structures, data stores and databases for use-cases such as IoT, mobile, and cloud. We developed a PM-aware storage engine for MongoDB which leverages PM hardware capabilities such as byte addressability and persistency. With our storage engine we see improved latency, less write amplification, less capacity and simpler implementation due to the fact that some code paths become unnecessary compared to past implementations.
Incidence and control of subclinical mastitis in intensively managed ewes.

ABSTRACT Ninety-three intensively managed, mature ewes were followed through three lactations to study effects and interrelationships of postweaning fast, prophylactic antibiotic injection, number of lactations and breed on subclinical mastitis, milk production and milk composi- tion. Animals used in a 2 “ 2 factorial design were allotted to treatment combinations of 1) postweaning 72 h fast or no fast, and 2) 1 x 106 units of procaine penicillin or sham i.m. injection at weaning. Treatments were implemented at weaning in yr 1; each ewe received the same treatment in each of the subsequent 2 yr of the study. Breeds included Finnish Landrace (F), Dorset (D), Rambouillet (R), Finnish Landrace X Dorset (FD)and Barbados Blackbelly “ Dorset (BD). Milk production was greatest for D, followed by BD, FD, R and F during yr 1 (P < .01) and overall (P < .05). Milk production data were not collected in yr 2, but similar results were obtained in yr 3, except that the R and F exchanged rank positions. Milk composition was affected by breed. Breeds differed (P < .05) in percentage lactose, fat and total nonfat solids in yr 1 and differed (P < .01) in percentage lactose, fat, solids and protein across the 2 yr. A breed difference (P < .05) was observed for incidence of mastitis at 3 wk postpartum and at weaning. Milk production was negatively correlated with inci- dence of mastitis (r = -.22, P < .05). Milk production was improved (P < .05) by a 72-h postweaning fast. Prophylactic penicillin injections decreased mastitis incidence (P < .05) and increased milk production (P < .05). (Key Words: Mastitis, Sheep, Milk Production, Milk Composition, Penicillins.)
Statistical evaluation of spectral interferences in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract Line broadening due to plasma processes or the instrument degrade spectral resolution leading to uncertainty in the elemental profile obtained by optical emission spectroscopy. A novel approach to quantify spectral interferences in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is introduced. This algorithm establishes a statistical interference factor (SIF) to quantify spectral interferences for individual line assignment in LIBS while using the full information provided by a spectrum. This factor combines fundamentals of plasma emission with a Bayesian analysis of the experimental spectrum using eventual prior knowledge about the sample and/or the conditions of analysis. Two types of prior knowledge were used to interpret spectra from a pure silicon sample as well as a NIST SRM 610 glass sample and alumina with a controlled Ni contamination at different concentrations. Knowledge of the elemental composition confirmed the existence of spectral lines with high sensitivity to interference while other lines are more appropriate for analysis due to their consistent SIFs despite having knowledge of the composition.
Case 50: Sympathetic Ophthalmia After Open Globe Repair

A 53-year-old man presented with a zone III ruptured open-globe of the left eye from a spring-loaded piece of an antique car door. Examination was notable for a 20 mm temporal scleral rupture extending posteriorly with uveal prolapse. The patient underwent repair of this open-globe injury followed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal incarceration and retinal detachment with a giant retinal tear and repeat PPV for anterior chamber intraocular lens placement. Two months following his second PPV, he presented with a visual acuity of 20/400 in the right eye and found to have panuveitis and serous retinal detachments of the right eye. The patient was diagnosed with sympathetic ophthalmia and started on high dose steroid therapy and mycophenolate. His visual acuity returned to 20/20 in the right eye 1 month after starting therapy. Sympathetic ophthalmia, a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, is a rare condition that can occur after ocular trauma or intraocular surgery. Counseling patients about the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia should occur prior to performing open-globe repair.
Counteracting Climate Science Politicization With Effective Frames and Imagery

Politicization of science occurs when the inherent uncertainty of science is emphasized to cast doubt on scientific consensus. Climate change has become particularly susceptible to this kind of pol...