cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MUSCLE-TREMOR ARTIFACT DUE TO PARKINSON'S SYNDROME. IT STIMULATED ATRIAL FLUTTER AND DISAPPEARED DURING SLEEP.

(1965). Muscle-Tremor Artifact Due to Parkinson's Syndrome. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 718-720.
Peripheral insulin resistance in obese girls with hyperandrogenism is related to oxidative phosphorylation and elevated serum free fatty acids.

Hyperandrogenic syndrome (HAS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Muscle IR in type 2 diabetes is linked with defects in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In vivo muscl...
Burden of disease resulting from lead exposure at toxic waste sites in Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay

Though lead contaminated waste sites have been widely researched in many high-income countries, their prevalence and associated health outcomes have not been well documented in low- and middle-income countries. Using the well-established health metric disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and an exposure assessment method developed by Chatham-Stephens et al., we estimated the burden of disease resulting from exposure to lead at toxic waste sites in three Latin American countries in 2012: Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay. Toxic waste sites identified through Pure Earth’s Toxic Sites Identification Program (TSIP) were screened for lead in both biological and environmental sample media. Estimates of cardiovascular disease incidence and other outcomes resulting from exposure to lead were utilized to estimate DALYs for each population at risk. Approximately 316,703 persons in three countries were at risk of exposure to pollutants at 129 unique sites identified through the TSIP database. Exposure to lead was estimated to result in between 51,432 and 115,042 DALYs, depending on the weighting factor used. The estimated burden of disease caused by exposure to lead in this analysis is comparable to that estimated for Parkinson’s disease and bladder cancer in these countries. Lead continues to pose a significant public health risk in Argentina, Mexico, and Uruguay. The burden of disease in these three countries is comparable with other widely recognized public health challenges. Knowledge of the relatively high number of DALYs associated with lead exposure may be used to generate support and funding for the remediation of toxic waste sites in these countries and others.
Regulation of enzyme activity

To live in a changing environment requires the ability to adapt. In its day to day existence an animal encounters variation in environmental stresses, in activity requirements, and in type and amount of food intake. To meet an animal’s needs in its current situation, the flow of nutrients through its metabolic pathways must be subject to regulation. One of the primary means of controlling the disposition of nutrients is the regulation of enzyme activities.
Onsite observations of automated library systems

L'auteur presente un guide pratique des questions a poser pour l'automatisation d'une bibliotheque, en vue de l'etablissement d'un cahier des charges
Reactor Safety and Security

This chapter describes the dependence of numbers of neutrons and reactor power on the multiplication factor, which is in turn affected by temperature and control rod absorbers. It examines the precautions taken to prevent release of radioactive materials to the surroundings and discusses the philosophy of safety. Prevention of release of radioactive fission products and fuel isotopes is the ultimate purpose of safety features. Delayed neutrons and temperature effects provide inherent reactor safety. Control rods permit rapid shutdown, and reactor components are designed and constructed to minimize the chance of failure. Emergency core cooling equipment is installed to reduce the hazard in the event of an accident. Licensing is administered by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which expects plants to use probabilistic safety risk analysis (PRA).
Scheduling Advertisements on a Web Page

Many web sites (e.g., Hotmail, Yahoo, Google) provide free services to the users while generating revenues from advertising. Advertising revenue is, therefore, critical for these sites. This in turn raises the question, how should ads at a web site be scheduled in a planning horizon to maximize revenue. Consider a set of ads competing to be placed in a planning horizon that is divided into time intervals called slots. An ad is specified by its size and display frequency. The size represents the amount of space the ad occupies in a slot. An ad is said to be scheduled if a pre-specified number of copies of that ad are placed in the slots subject to the restriction that a slot contains at most one copy of an ad. In this chapter, we present two problems. The MINSPACE problem minimizes the maximum fullness among all slots in a feasible schedule where the fullness of a slot is the sum of the sizes of ads assigned to the slot. For the MAXSPACE problem, in addition, we are given a common maximum fullness for all slots. The total size of the ads placed in a slot cannot exceed that common maximum fullness. The objective is to find a feasible schedule of ads such that the total occupied slot space is maximized. We examine the complexity status of both problems and present heuristics with performance guarantees. For the MAXSPACE problem, we also present a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA).
The Importance of Quality

Quality has evolved over the last five decades to a robust process assessing all aspects of the patient’s, caregiver’s, physician’s and health system’s experience and outcome. The importance of quality and the role it plays as we shift from volume to value based health care delivery systems is paramount. The quality process can be affected by all of those involved as well as the culture of the organization. Culture change can be an important part of ensuring high-quality outcomes. As health systems move from volume to value, imaging changes from a revenue center to an expense. Ensuring the highest quality outcomes from imaging, not just technically excellent images, but information that changes the delivery of healthcare at the patient level and affects satisfaction and morbidity and mortality will be essential.
Bilevel feature selection in nearly-linear time

Selection of a small subset of informative features from data is a basic technique in signal processing, machine learning, and statistics. Joint selection of entire groups of features is desirable if the data features exhibit shared grouping structures. Bilevel feature selection constitutes a refinement of these ideas, producing a small subset of data features that themselves belong to a small number of feature groups. However, algorithms for bilevel feature selection suffer a computational cost that can be cubic in the size of the data, hence impeding their utility. In this paper, we propose an approach for bilevel feature selection that resolves this computational challenge. The core component of our approach is a novel fast algorithm for bilevel hard thresholding for a specific non-convex, discrete optimization problem. Our algorithm produces an approximate solution to this problem, but only incurs a nearly-linear running time. We extend this algorithm into a two-stage thresholding method that performs statistically as well as the best available methods for bilevel feature selection, but that also scales extremely well to massive dataset sizes.
From the NSF: The National Science Foundation's Investments in Broadening Participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education through Research and Capacity Building.

The National Science Foundation’s investments to increase inclusion of members of groups underrepresented in the science and engineering enterprise continue to grow and generate new knowledge about...
There is no inclusive fitness at the level of the individual

Inclusive fitness theory attempts to explain the evolution of social behavior at the level of the individual. The inclusive fitness of an individual is defined as the sum of all the effects this individual has on itself and others, with each term multiplied by a relatedness coefficient. However, this quantity does not exist for most evolutionary processes, because biological interactions are typically nonlinear and fitness effects are not additive. Six recent publications, by proponents of inclusive fitness theory and outside observers, agree with our criticism on two mathematical points: in general, there is no inclusive fitness at the level of the individual and natural selection does not lead organisms to maximize inclusive fitness. Here we review the current state of the controversy over inclusive fitness, highlight points of mathematical agreement, and discuss prospects for a way forward.
Towards a statistical error estimate for convex-hull derived endmembers

The convex hull methods for estimating spectral endmembers are subject to bias errors: mixed pixel bias - if all of the available pixels are mosaics of all m endmembers, the convex-hull derived endmember spectra are biased towards the centroid of the true endmember spectra; noise bias - additive Gaussian measurement noise inflates the convex hull away from the centroid of the noise-free convex hull. The noise bias error grows with the pixel count. This vulnerability to mixed pixel bias and noise bias prompts the following questions. Does the convex hull method throw away information by discarding the pixels lying inside the convex hull? Can bias error estimates be developed for convex-hull derived endmembers? Can bias-resistant endmember estimation methods be found? What is the gain in accuracy of the endmember estimates with increasing pixel count? What is the gain in accuracy with increasing density of pixels in the n-dimensional neighborhood of the true endmember? The following analysis focuses on these questions by omitting all sources of noise and distortion except the number and distribution of the samples in the neighborhood of the endmember.
Readmissions After Surgical Resection of Metastatic Tumors of the Spine at a Single Institution.

Background Surgical management of spinal metastasis is complex and can be associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Analyzing readmission rates may serve as a proxy for postoperative morbidity and functional decline, allowing patients and physicians to make informed decisions about treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed of patients with metastatic spine disease surgically treated at a tertiary center from 2003 to 2012. Patients with primary lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, bone marrow cancer, prostate cancer, gynecologic cancer, and melanoma were analyzed. Primary and secondary outcome variables were readmissions and overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent factors associated with readmissions. Results There were 159 patients analyzed. Lung, breast, and kidney represented the most common primary cancer sites, accounting for 22%, 19.5%, and 16.4%. Of patients, 56.6% had at least 1 readmission, with a 30-day readmission rate of 13.8% and 1-year readmission rate of 47.2%. Readmissions were for surgical complications (26.7%), oncologic disease progression (33.7%), and other medical reasons (36.7%). Patients with colorectal cancer had the highest number of readmissions. Patients with melanoma had more readmissions over the course of their limited postoperative survival. Overall mortality was 59.1%, with a median survival of 15.1 months. Multivariate analysis revealed age >60 years and previous radiation of the spine increased the likelihood of readmission. Conclusions Readmissions provide an important window into understanding postoperative morbidity among patients with metastatic disease of the spine. This study offers an important starting point for understanding the nuances of patients' postoperative outcomes.
HLE17: An Improved Local Exchange-Correlation Functional for Computing Semiconductor Band Gaps and Molecular Excitation Energies

The local approximations to exchange–correlation functionals that are widely used in Kohn–Sham density functional theory usually underestimate band gaps and molecular excitation energies, and therefore, it becomes necessary to use more expensive hybrid functionals or more empirical DFT+U functionals for accurate predictions and modeling of these properties. This work presents a meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) called High Local Exchange 2017 (HLE17) and illustrates how it can be useful for obtaining accurate semiconductor band gaps and molecular excitation energies. Unlike the conventional way of using the DFT+U method, one does not need to determine new parameters for every property or system studied. The HLE17 functional builds upon our earlier work (HLE16) where we had shown that by increasing the coefficient of local exchange and simultaneously decreasing the coefficient of local correlation with a GGA, the band gaps and excitation energies could be significantly improved without sig...
Cysteamine- and graphene oxide-mediated copper nanoparticle decoration on reverse osmosis membrane for enhanced anti-microbial performance

In this work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were decorated onto the polyamide RO membranes via in-situ reduction for biofouling mitigation. To increase CuNPs loading and improve anti-microbial properties of the membrane, cysteamine (Cys) and graphene oxide (GO), which contain different functional groups with high metal affinity, were applied as bridging agents between CuNPs and membrane surface via covalent bonding. The functionalization of Cys and GO linkers on membrane was confirmed by XPS and SEM analysis. By applying the linkers, the loading quantity of copper, in particular on Cys-modified membrane, was significantly improved and the particle size of CuNPs appeared smaller and had more uniform distribution. The GO medium increased the hydrophilicity of CuNP-decorated membranes, leading to an increase in water permeation with minor impact on membrane's salt rejection. Bacterial inactivation of the Cys-Cu- and GO-Cu-functionalized membranes was over 25% higher than that of the bare CuNP-coated surface, indicating enhanced bacterial inactivation benefiting from the application of linkers. After a CuNPs' release test, the membranes modified with Cys and GO retained larger quantities of CuNPs and showed better antimicrobial performance than that of bare CuNP-modified membranes. The successful regeneration of CuNPs after their depletion demonstrated the modified membranes' potential for long-term application.
Iron overload is associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Results from The NHANES III survey

Although several studies have showed that serum ferritin or iron overload was associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, those studies may have bias due to the potential confounding and selection biases in observational data. In this study, we aimed to investigate relationship between iron overload and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using propensity score matching analysis to minimize the selection biases. A total of 12677 subjects were selected from National health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1988 to 1994, with 2741 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients determined by ultrasonography. After propensity score matching, 1317 cases and 1317 controls were selected based on greedy matching algorithm. Both multiple logistic regression and conditional logistic regression were conducted using original eligible data and propensity score matching data to assess the association. Before propensity score matching, the iron overload population was 1.53 (95% CI [1.27, 1.85]) times more likely to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than the non-iron overload population (adjusted for socio-economic factors and risk factors). After propensity score matching, the odds ratio of having non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in iron overload versus non-iron overload population was 1.45 (95% CI [1.43, 1.47]). Sensitivity analysis based on propensity score matched data also showed similar odds ratios in models adjusted for diabetes status or excluding diabetes patients. Propensity score matching analysis showed that iron overload is independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is consistent with previous studies based on cross-sectional or cohort study.
Crop height monitoring with digital imagery from Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)

Abstract Crop height is a very important attribute to assess overall crop condition, irrigation, and estimation of terminal yield. In this study, a novel method to monitor crop height of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is proposed. UAS data were acquired seven times over the growing season and each aerial acquisition included over 200 images with significant image overlap at an altitude of 50 m above ground. Ortho-mosaic image and 3D point cloud were generated by applying the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm to the images. Ground control points (GCPs) were installed around the study area and they were surveyed using a real time kinematic (RTK) GPS unit for accurate geo-referencing of the geospatial data products. A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were generated from the 3D point cloud data, and a Crop Height Model (CHM) was then created by subtracting DTM from DSM. Uniform crop grids along the center line of each variety were defined for further processing. The maximum CHM value within each individual grid was taken to represent crop height of the grid, and average of all grid heights over the whole area of each variety was calculated as crop height of individual variety. These measurements were compared with manual crop height measurements. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between field measurements and the proposed approach was 0.33 m. In addition, the height estimates from both field measurement and the proposed approach could be used to derive a growth curve by fitting a sigmoidal curve. The residual RMSEs between the observed and predicted value of the curve established from UAS and field measurements were calculated as 0.05 m and 0.1 m, respectively. The growth curve results showed that the proposed approach indicated less RMSE and generated more reliable growth curves for monitoring sorghum height.
Cell Migration in Microfabricated 3D Collagen Microtracks is Mediated Through the Prometastatic Protein Girdin

In vivo, cancer cells can utilize tube-like microtracks formed within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the stroma as ‘highways’ to escape the primary tumor, however very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern cell migration through these microtracks. Cell polarization and actin organization are both essential for efficient cell migration and cells are known to migrate very unidirectionally in confined spaces. In this study, we focused on understanding the role of Girdin during unidirectional migration. Girdin is a prometastatic protein known to be involved in cell polarity by directly interacting with the cell polarity protein Par-3 (Partitioning defective-3) and also known as an actin binding protein. We utilized a microfabricated platform to recreate these microtracks in vitro using collagen and used siRNA to knockdown Girdin in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our data indicate that knockdown of Girdin results in decreased cell speed during 3D collagen microtrack migration. Loss of Girdin also results in altered cell morphology and cell orientation. Moreover, Girdin-depletion impairs actin organization and stress fiber formation, which can be restored by upregulating the GTPase RhoA. Activation of RhoA induces actin stress fiber formation, restores elongated migratory cell shape and partial cell migration in 3D collagen microtracks in the absence of Girdin. Our data suggest that Girdin helps directional migration in collagen microtracks by promoting actin cytoskeletal organization and maintaining morphological cell polarity.
Diabetes Is Associated With Reduced Stress Hyperlactatemia in Cardiac Surgery.

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critical illness. We evaluated the relationship among hyperlactatemia, glycemic control, and diabetes mellitus (DM) after cardiac surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 4,098 cardiac surgery patients treated between 2011 and 2015. Patients were stratified by DM and glucose-lowering medication history. Hyperglycemia (glucose >180 mg/dL), hypoglycemia ( RESULTS Hyperglycemia occurred in 26.0% of patients without DM (NODM), 46.5% with DM without prior drug treatment (DMNT), 62.8% on oral medication (DMOM), and 73.8% on insulin therapy (DMIT) ( P P = 0.0012). The lactate levels of all patients were temporarily increased with surgery. This increase was greater in patients who also had hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and was markedly attenuated in patients with DM. Peak lactate was 5.8 mmol/L (95% CI 5.6, 6.0) in NODM with hyperglycemia vs. 3.3 (95% CI 3.2, 3.4) without hyperglycemia; in DMNT: 4.8 (95% CI 4.4, 5.2) vs. 3.4 (95% CI 3.1, 3.6); in DMOM: 3.8 (95% CI 3.5, 4.1) vs. 2.9 (95% CI 2.7, 3.1); and in DMIT: 3.3 (95% CI 3.0, 3.5) vs. 2.7 (95% CI 2.3, 3.0). Increasing lactate levels were associated with increasing mortality; increasing glucose reduced this effect in DM but not in NODM ( P = 0.0069 for three-way interaction). CONCLUSIONS Stress hyperlactatemia is markedly attenuated in patients with DM. There is a three-way interaction among diabetes, stress hyperlactatemia, and stress hyperglycemia associated with mortality after cardiac surgery.
Quantum gases: Mott made easy

The realization of a Mott insulating state in a system of ultracold fermions comprising far more internal components than the electron, provides an avenue for probing many-body physics that is difficult to access in solids.
Lead time reduction: early supplier involvement and the information supply chain

Lead time reduction is a central concern of procurement, but is critical in the initial launch of newly designed or revised products. Early supplier involvement is often advocated for reducing these lead times, but empirical studies show equivocal results. This paper draws from literature on concurrent engineering to explore the mechanisms available for lead-time reduction in the supply chain. It is shown that these mechanisms depend on flows of the information that is created during the process. There is, in effect, a supply chain for information that must be recognised and managed. Conditions are identified that are necessary for early supplier involvement to result in lead time reduction and offered as testable hypotheses for future research.
High dynamic range imaging using camera arrays

While High Dynamic Range (HDR) image generation using computational approaches has seen widespread adoption in consumer photography, computational approaches for HDR video creation are only just beginning to emerge. In this paper, we present an algorithm for HDR video generation using short baseline camera arrays (cameras placed close together) with varying exposures. Our main contributions are an algorithm for disparity estimation that specifically targets short baseline camera arrays and an alignment algorithm that minimizes visual artifacts even in the presence of disparity errors. Finally, we present results using our algorithm on real world videos captured using a camera array to demonstrate the success of this application.
Development and Validation of a Veteran-Supportive Supervisor Behavior Measure

Despite efforts of thousands of post-9/11 veterans to reintegrate into the civilian workforce, little research attention has focused on organizational support for their needs. Using data from a sam...
Imaging of Uranus and Neptune

Observations of the minute disks of Uranus and Neptune from the surface of the earth present a major challenge to any observatory site and require the most advanced techniques in optical imaging instrumentation. Less than 4 arcsec across, the disk of Uranus would fit within the Great Red Spot of Jupiter in the focal plane of a terrestrial telescope; the smaller disk of Neptune, less than 2.5 arcsec in diameter, is scarcely more than half again that of Ganymede, the largest of the Galilean satellites. At present, both planets are situated at far southerly declinations, making them even more difficult objects for Northern Hemisphere observatories.
A Hybrid Experimental-Numerical Study of Crack Initiation and Growth in Transparent Bilayers Across a Weak Interface

Transparent layered structures are of importance to both the military and civilian communities. Their applications include but not limited to lightweight transparent armor, automotive windshields and canopies, personnel shields and visors as well as electronic displays. The introduction of adhesive interlayers is a low-cost approach for developing mechanically resilient multilayered lightweight structures. However, a rigorous mechanics based design of such architectures requires tailoring interfaces (layer thickness, adhesive properties, number of layers, interface location, etc.). Among the multitude of issues involved in this regard, grasping the mechanics of dynamic crack growth across interfaces is of paramount importance. In this context, this work builds on optical investigations of Sundaram and Tippur (J Mech Phys Solids 96:312–332, 2016) who reported dynamic crack-interface interactions related to crack penetration vs. crack branching at a weak interface when the interface was oriented perpendicular to the incoming mode-I crack in an otherwise homogeneous bilayer. A major finding of this work was that a slowly growing crack with a lower stress intensity factor penetrated the interface and grew into the next layer without branching. On the contrary, a fast growing crack with a higher stress intensity factor debonded the interface ahead of its arrival at the interface and hence branched into the interface and subsequently into the next layer as (two) mixed-mode daughter cracks creating higher fracture surface area. In order to exploit this observation and gain further insight into crack growth in multilayered structures, a hybrid experimental-numerical approach that mimics the complexities observed in the bilayer experiments is attempted. This includes optical measurement of the force histories imposed on the bilayer during impact loading of a V-notched PMMA sample impacted by a long-rod with wedge shaped tip matching the notch. Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) method has been utilized in conjunction with ultrahigh-speed photography followed by optical data analysis to visualize and quantify the force histories. The measured force histories along with other previously determined interface and PMMA characteristics are used as input parameters into a finite element model that includes cohesive elements to benchmark the experiments. Thus validated computational model will be used to investigate a variety of parameters far too complex to emulate experimentally in multilayer architectures.
1-(hydroxyalkyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogs of calcitriol. 1. Synthesis

Abstract New 1-(hydroxyethyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 homologs (−)-4 and (+)-5 were synthesized in a convergent manner by combining enantiomerically pure C,D-ring ketone 14 with racemic ring-A phosphine oxide 13 and then chromatographically separating enantiomerically pure diastereomers (−)-4 and (+)-5.
Multimodal fNIRS-EEG Classification Using Deep Learning Algorithms for Brain-Computer Interfaces Purposes

The development of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems has received considerable attention from neuroscientists in recent years. BCIs can serve as a means of communication and for the restoration of motor function for patients with motor disorders. An essential part of the design of a BCI is correctly classifying the brain signals, historically collected using electroencephalography (EEG). However, recent studies have shown more robust classification results when EEG is combined with other neuroimaging methods such as fNIRS. Conventional classification methods need a priori feature preprocessing to train the model; such feature selection is a difficult and heavily studied problem. By using deep neural networks (DNN), in which recordings can be fed directly to the algorithm for training, we avoid the need for feature selection. In this study, the capabilities of DNNs in the classification of the hybrid EEG-fNIRS recordings of motor imagery (MI) and mental workload (MWL) tasks are investigated. A five-layer fully connected network is used for classification. This study makes use of two open-source meta-datasets collected at the Technische Universitat Berlin. The first dataset includes brain activity recordings of 26 healthy participants during three cognitive tasks: (1) n-back (0-, 2- and 3-back), (2) discrimination/selection response task (DSR) and (3) word generation (WG) tasks. The second dataset, motor imagery, consists of left and right-hand motor imagery tasks, each for 29 healthy participants. Our results show that classification accuracy is considerably higher for multimodal recordings when compared to EEG or fNIRS recordings alone. The proposed algorithm improves classification performance relative to a conventional support vector machine (SVM), reaching 90% average accuracy for both tasks, 8% higher than SVM performance. These results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving strong classification performance using multimodal BCI and deep learning.
Factors associated with employment discontinuation among older and working age survivors of oropharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal cancer survivors experience difficulty returning to work after treatment. To better understand specific barriers to returning to work, we investigated factors associated with discontinuing employment among older and working-age survivors. METHODS The sample included 675 oropharyngeal cancer survivors (median: 6 years posttreatment) diagnosed from 2000 to 2013 and employed at diagnosis. Relative risk models were constructed to examine the independent associations of demographic and health factors, and symptom experiences per the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory - Head and Neck Module (MDASI-HN) with posttreatment employment, overall and by age (<60 years vs ≥60 years at survey). RESULTS Symptom interference was not statistically significantly associated with posttreatment employment status among respondents ≥60 years. Among working-age respondents <60 years, symptom interference was strongly associated with posttreatment employment. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to assess and lessen symptom burden in working-age survivors should be evaluated as approaches to support regaining core functions needed for continued employment.
Participation of Female Emerging Adults in a Theory- and Evidence-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Program.

Emerging adults are less likely to participate in and more likely to drop out of behavioral weight loss programs. Thirty-five female emerging adults who dropped out of a behavioral weight loss prog...
The Value of Cooperation in Interregional Transmission Planning: A Noncooperative Equilibrium Model Approach

Abstract Optimization methods for regional transmission planning overlook boundaries between transmission planning entities and do not account for their lack of coordination. The practical result of those boundaries is inefficient plans because one planning region may disregard the costs and benefits that its network changes impose on other regions. We develop a bi-level EPEC (Equilibrium Problem with Equilibrium Constraints) model that represents a game among multiple noncooperative transmission planners in the upper level together with consumers and generators for the entire region in the lower level. We find that the equilibrium transmission plans from such a framework can differ significantly from those from a cooperative framework and have fewer net benefits. Importantly, we find that cooperation among transmission planners leads to increased competition among generators from adjoining regions, which in turn leads to more efficient generator investments. We prove that the system-wide benefit from cooperation among transmission planners is always positive. We then calculate the value of this cooperation for a small test case with two transmission planners, while also identifying the market parties who gain — and those who lose — from this cooperation.
Ethnobotanical Knowledge Encoded in Weenhayek Oral Tradition

Stories that reference plants occur throughout Indigenous oral traditions. It is widely recognized among local and academic knowledge holders that such stories store and transmit valuable ethnobotanical knowledge. However, there has been little detailed investigation of the quantity and kinds of information conveyed or the ways in which this information is encoded in oral texts. In this paper, we explore in detail the nature of this transmitted ethnobotanical knowledge, investigating the extent to which stories encode and convey information useful for identifying, locating, harvesting, processing, and predicting availability of important plant resources. Using an existing collection of traditional narratives from the Weenhayek of the Bolivian Gran Chaco, we searched for stories about wild plants and plant products. This search yielded a sample of 40 narratives, which were analyzed for the presence of information about plant characteristics, associated ecological cues, habitat and distribution, management, extraction and processing, availability, uses, and worldview (i.e., prescriptions and proscriptions related to plant management, extraction, processing, or use). Results are discussed in light of the constraints imposed by human attentional and memory systems, and their implications for knowledge storage and transmission.
5 Rules for tomorrow’s cities: by Patrick M. Condon, Washington, DC, Island Press, 2020, 219 pp., $35.00, ISBN 13: 978-1-61091-960-9

This new 190-page book is power-packed. It’s one of the most direct, informed, and pragmatic takes on the urban design of and for this century. And it comes at a critical time when cities can eithe...
Empirical analysis of crude oil consumption and price on Ghana’s economic growth

Abstract The objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of crude oil consumption and oil price on the growth of the Ghanaian economy. It proceeded with annual time series data (1980-2016) sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Energy Information Administration (EIA). All variables used in the study were integrated of order one as suggested by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Further, the Johansen Cointegration test suggested the existence of cointegration among the variables. The study used the OLS estimation procedure. The study found a positive and statistically significant relationship between oil price and economic growth in the long run. On the other hand, an inverse relationship was found between crude oil consumption and economic growth in the long run. Based on the findings the study recommends that the government diversify the economy to reduce the shock the economy might experience in times of oil price shocks. Further, risk management instruments like physical reserves and hedging against oil prices should also be employed. Also, the study recommends policies that encourage efficient consumption of crude oil, especially in the productive sectors like industry in order to trigger growth. This notwithstanding, the study recommends effective measures to mitigate the externalities associated with increased production and consumption of crude oil, such as the carbon tax.
Abstract P142: The Impact of Regional Socioeconomic Status on Stroke Center Certification in the Northeastern United States

Introduction: The northeastern United States has been a national leader in stroke healthcare delivery. The current roster of designated comprehensive, primary, thrombectomy-capable and acute stroke...
Transport, Deposition, and Deformation of Sand

One of the major objectives of sedimentology is to infer from the properties of a bed how sand is transported and deposited by running water and wind on land and in the different realms of the ocean. This objective is an ambitious one and overlaps the objectives of those geomorphologists who study fluvial morphology and processes; of hydraulic engineers, who are concerned with the control of rivers, harbors, and beaches; of physical oceanographers, who study water movement in the ocean; and of fluid dynamicists, who study the fundamental laws of fluid motion with or without entrained particles. The problem is complex and bibliographies are long.
Academic Industry Relationships in Biotechnology, Overview

Introduction Recent History of AIRs in Biotechnology Definitions of AIRs in Biotechnology Prevalence and Magnitude of AIRs Benefits of AIRRs Risks of AIRRs AIRRs in Genetics (A Special Case) AIRRs in Biotechnology, 1985–1995 Implications for Policy and Management Keywords: academic-industry
Domain decomposition methods : algorithms and theory

The purpose of this text is to offer a comprehensive and self-contained presentation of some of the most successful and popular domain decomposition preconditioners for finite and spectral element approximations of partial differential equations. Strong emphasis is placed on both algorithmic and mathematical aspects. Some important methods such FETI and balancing Neumann-Neumann methods and algorithms for spectral element methods, not treated previously in any monograph, are covered in detail. Winner of the 2005 Award for Excellence in Professional and Scholarly Publishing - Mathematics/Statistics - of the Association of American Publishers
Worst-Case Scheduled Controller Design for Nonlinear Systems

A new procedure of robust control design for nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainty and disturbance is presented. This optimization based approach can design a robust scheduled controller of arbitrary complexity. By taking the worst-case control approach, a minimax optimization problem is formulated. Efficient solution of minimax problems needs the tools of nonsmooth analysis and optimization. A special nonsmooth programming algorithm is implemented. This algorithm is used to solve control design problem for a strongly nonlinear pH process. A wide variety of controllers is designed and their performance results are provided.
ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS DURING EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION OF NEWBORN INFANTS WITH PRESERVED BLOOD

Preserved donor blood is usually unphysiologic and would be incompatible with life if it were to represent the total state of chemical equilibrium of the body. This study indicates the rapid metabolic adjustment made by a newborn infant when receiving an exchange transfusion. Data obtained on 19 donor "bloods" indicated donor blood to have usually a blood pH below 7.00, low plasma CO2 and chloride content, and higher than normal plasma total base and "R" fractions. Data obtained from 4 infants before and after exchange transfusion reveal that these infants adjust readily so that at completion of the transfusion a normal blood "acidbase balance" picture is found. Mechanisms by which this may be accomplished through metabolism of sodium citrate, citric acid, and lactic acid, are discussed.
Mapping of the 5-Methyltryptophan Resistance Locus in Bacillus subtilis

The 5-methyltryptophan resistance locus (mtr) in Bacillus subtilis, which leads to constitutive production of the tryptophan enzymes, has been mapped on the chromosome. The order of loci is ser-1-mtr-aroF-aroB-trp-hisB.
Concentrations of substituted p-benzoquinones and 1-pentadecene in the flour beetles tribolium confusum J. Du Val and tribolium castaneum (herbst)

1. 1. 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ), 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (EBQ) and 1-pentadecene (PD) concentrations in Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum were found to be extremely low in newly eclosed adults (<2.0 μg/insect). The levels of all three compounds increased with age until 20–30 days after eclosion, after which time the concentrations were maintained or declined slowly. 2. 2. In 30-day and older adults, females of both species routinely contained higher levels of MBQ, EBQ and PD than males of the same age. 3. 3. Each 30-day adult T. confusum or T. castaneum contained 35–46 μg substituted p-benzoquinone plus 14–24 μg PD. 4. 4. The odoriferous secretion of 30-day adults had a p-benzoquinone composition of 44% MBQ and 56% EBQ for T. confusum and 50–51% MBQ and 49–50% EBQ for T. castaneum.
Performance of Percent Gaussian Orthogonal Signaling Waveforms

Recent developments of secure digital chaotic spread spectrum communication systems have been based on the generalized ideals of maximum channel capacity and maximal entropy/security, which result in a Gaussian-distributed noise like signal that is indistinguishable from naturally occurring (band limited) thermal noise. An implementation challenge associated with these waveforms is that the signal peak-to average power ratio (PAPR) is approximately that of an i.i.d Gaussian distributed random sequence, with infinite tails in the Gaussian distribution, modeled practically by a Gaussian distribution truncated to ±4.8s, the peak excursions of the output can be 13-15 dB over that of the average signal power. To address this PAPR constraint, a series of "percent Gaussian" orthogonal signaling waveforms were developed, allowing parameterized waveform selection that compactly trade PAPR improvements with cyclostationary feature content, these waveforms are bounded by the Gaussian distributed digital chaos signal and a constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) signal, all of which deliver security advantages over traditional direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) waveforms. This paper presents an underlying model for these "percent Gaussian" waveforms, derives a generalized set of symbol error rate metrics. Discussion of the performance bounds is also presented.
RADIATION-INDUCED RECOMBINATION AND TRAPPING CENTERS IN GERMANIUM. I. THE NATURE OF THE RECOMBINATION PROCESS

Extensive measurements on irradiated germanium indicate that previous analyses of the recombination process are incorrect. A model which explains the observations in both $n$- and $p$-type material is presented. According to this model, the recombination level lies 0.36 ev above the valence band in gamma-irradiated $n$-type germanium. Presumably due to the extensive perturbation caused by neutron irradiation, the level lies slightly lower in neutron-irradiated material. Trapping levels which are not present in antimony-doped germanium occur in arsenic-doped material \ensuremath{\sim}0.17 ev above the valence band. Other trapping levels are observed only in high-resistivity antimony-doped samples. It has not been possible, from the data presented, to determine the values of hole and electron capture cross sections associated with the recombination level; however, the ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}}$ has been determined: Its value is \ensuremath{\sim}1000.
Empathizing with Rogue Leaders: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Bashar al-Asad

The conventional wisdom regarding Iran and Syria is that these are belligerent states headed by hostile leaders. Rarely is an effort made to imagine how international politics are perceived from the Iranian or the Syrian perspectives, or consider how these perceptions are part of an interactive crisis in which the USA may be implicated as deeply as the regimes in Tehran and Damascus. In this article, we investigate the United States’ ongoing crisis with Iran and Syria from the vantage point of their leadership. Our central research questions are: What kind of leaders are Ahmadinejad of Iran and al-Asad of Syria? More specifically, what are their cognitive diagnostic beliefs of the ensuing conflict and their prescriptive beliefs towards it? What is an appropriate strategy for the USA towards Iran and Syria? The answers to these questions speak to the conventional wisdom of Ahmadinejad and al-Asad as hostile and propose strategies for averting a dangerous escalation of the conflict. Our central goal in this article is to develop towards Iran and Syria ‘realistic empathy’ as we consider it ‘the great corrective for all forms of warprovoking misperception’.
An atheological argument from evil natural laws

Not long ago I was sleeping in a cabin in the woods and was awoken in the middle of the night by the sounds of a struggle between two animals. Cries of terror and extreme agony rent the night, intermingled with the sounds of jaws snapping bones and flesh being torn from limbs. One animal was being savagely attacked, killed and then devoured by another. A clearer case of a horrible event in nature, a natural evil, has never been presented to me. It seemed to me self-evident that the natural law that animals must savagely kill and devour each other in order to survive was an evil natural law and that the obtaining of this law was sufficient evidence that God did not exist. If I held a certain epistemological theory about "basic beliefs", I might conclude from this experience that my intuition that there is no God co-existing with this horror was a "basic belief and thus that I am epistemically entitled to be an atheist without needing to justify this intuition, But I do not hold such an epistemological theory and believe that intuitive atheological beliefs, such as the one I experienced (and the corresponding intuitive theological beliefs, such as that God is providentially watching over this gruesome event) require justification if they are to be epistemically warranted. The following sections of this article present a justification for the atheological intuition I
Converting an Experimental Laboratory Course from Paper and Pencil to Computer.

This article provides suggestions for developing a laboratory-based research methods course using computers. We describe important considerations for creating this type of course including selecting software, choosing experiments, and teaching students with different levels of computer skill. We also include 3 model projects that required increasing methodological and programming knowledge. The ultimate goal of the course was to have students submit a final project that they designed, ran, and programmed independently.
Differential attitudes of black and white patients toward treatment in a child guidance clinic.

Twenty white families and twenty black families were interviewed following completion of treatment in a child guidance clinic, to determine in what ways expectations and experience of treatment differed for two such groups matched for family composition, income, and child's age. Findings, consistent with earlier studies, suggest difficulties attendant to black patient-white therapist interaction, but differences between the black and white patient groups were less than had been previously postulated.
Correlation of rapid changes in the average water diffusion constant and the concentrations of lactate and ATP breakdown products during global ischemia in cat brain

Rapid changes in the average water diffusion constant, D av = 1/3{D xx + D yy + D zz }, and in the concentrations of lactate and purine nucleotides and nucleosides were measured upon global ischemia (cardiac arrest) in cat brain, at a combined time resolution of 36 s (n = 7). At this time resolution, the normalized time curves of 1 - D av and the increases in ATP breakdown products did not coincide, with the changes in D av being most rapid. The normalized curves of 1 - D av and the lactate increase coincided for the first 2-2.5 min after which the change in D av was more rapid. After this time point, an excellent correlation was found between the drop in D av and the decrease in energy utilization rate, which was calculated from the measured time curves of lactate formation and ATP breakdown, and from the time curve for phosphocreatine use reported in the literature. These results are in agreement with the expected biphasic changes in ion and water homeostasis during ischemia and with the model of diffusional changes being a consequence of a water shift from interstitial to intracellular space.