cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of LISTEN on loneliness, neuroimmunological stress response, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and physical health measures of chronic illness.

Abstract Objectives Loneliness is a biopsychosocial determinant of health and contributes to physical and psychological chronic illnesses, functional decline, and mortality in older adults. This paper presents the results of the first randomized trial of LISTEN, which is a new cognitive behavioral intervention for loneliness, on loneliness, neuroimmunological stress response, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and measures of physical health. Methods The effectiveness of LISTEN was evaluated in a sample population comprising 27 lonely, chronically ill, older adults living in Appalachia. Participants were randomized into LISTEN or educational attention control groups. Outcome measures included salivary cortisol and DHEA, interleukin-6, interleukin-2, depressive symptoms, loneliness, perceived social support, functional ability, quality of life, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and body mass index. Results At 12 weeks after the last intervention session, participants of the LISTEN group reported reduced loneliness ( p = 0.03), enhanced overall social support (p = 0.05), and decreased systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.02). The attention control group reported decreased functional ability ( p = 0.10) and reduced quality of life ( p = 0.13). Conclusions LISTEN can effectively diminish loneliness and decrease the systolic blood pressure in community-dwelling, chronically ill, older adults. Results indicate that this population, if left with untreated loneliness, may experience functional impairment over a period as short as 4 months. Further studies on LISTEN are needed with larger samples, in varied populations, and over longer periods of time to assess the long-term effects of diminishing loneliness in multiple chronic conditions.
PET imaging may provide a novel biomarker and understanding of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background— The clinical course in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is variable, and there is limited information on the determinants and progression of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The objective is to develop PET metabolic imaging of the RV as a noninvasive tool in patients with PAH. Methods and Results— We performed PET scanning in 16 patients with idiopathic PAH (age, 41±14 years, 82% women) using 13N-NH3 for perfusion imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for metabolic imaging. The myocardium was divided into 6 regions of interest (3 left ventricular [LV], 3 RV), and time-activity curves were generated. A 2- compartment model was used to calculate myocardial blood flow (MBF), and Patlak analysis was used to calculate the rate of myocardial glucose uptake (MGU). All patients underwent cardiac catheterization, cardiac MRI, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas exchange. MBF, MGU, and the ratio of RV/LV MGU were correlated to clinical parameters. Pulmonary artery (PA) pressure was 79±19/30±8 mm Hg (mean, 48±10 mm Hg). MBF was 0.84±0.33 mL/g per minute for the LV and 0.45±0.14 mL/g per minute for the RV. Mean MGU was 136±72 nmol/g per minute for the LV and 96±69 nmol/g per minute for the RV. The ratio of RV/LV MGU correlated significantly with PA systolic ( r =0.75, P =0.0085) and mean ( r =0.87, P =0.001) pressure and marginally with maximum oxygen consumption ( r =−0.59, P =0.05). RV free wall MGU also correlated well with mean PA pressure ( r =0.66, P =0.03). Conclusions— PET scanning with 13N-NH3 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is a feasible modality for quantifying RV blood flow and metabolism in patients with idiopathic PAH.
Querying of Disparate Association and Interaction Data in Biomedical Applications

In biomedical applications, network models are commonly used to represent interactions and higher-level associations among biological entities. Integrated analyses of these interaction and association data has proven useful in extracting knowledge, and generating novel hypotheses for biomedical research. However, since most datasets provide their own schema and query interface, opportunities for exploratory and integrative querying of disparate data are currently limited. In this study, we utilize RDF-based representations of biomedical interaction and association data to develop a querying framework that enables flexible specification and efficient processing of graph template matching queries. The proposed framework enables integrative querying of biomedical databases to discover complex patterns of associations among a diverse range of biological entities, including biomolecules, biological processes, organisms, and phenotypes. Our experimental results on the UniProt dataset show that the proposed framework can be used to efficiently process complex queries, and identify biologically relevant patterns of associations that cannot be readily obtained by querying each dataset independently.
Investigating Information Seekers' Selection of Interpersonal and Impersonal Sources

Information source selection is essential to individuals' information seeking behaviors. Existing studies have focused on the criteria seekers employ when choosing information sources, such as sources' accessibility and quality, as well as the contextual factors that shape a seeker's selection. However, existing findings are somewhat conflicting and lack in-depth understanding of the reasons behind individuals' choices. The study reported here invited 53 participants from diverse backgrounds to perform simulated information seeking tasks over a two-day period and to report their experiences and findings in an online logbook. Semi-structured interviews with 23 of them were also conducted in order to examine the issues that arose from the logbooks. Our preliminary findings present several factors associated with participants' choices between impersonal and interpersonal sources. While interpersonal sources are deemed to be more suitable in capturing the context of an information query and providing personalized information, impersonal sources are found to be more accessible under a time constraint while depicting no emotion towards sensitive issues.
Politics, Performance and Popular Culture: Theatre and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain

From the ancient polis to social media, performance (as a broad category) has been important for the societal processing of political ideas and events. In its many forms, the emotional immediacy of...
Theoretical Plurality and Unity in Psychology

The question of unity and diversity in science and psychology is a question that seems to resist final solution. Part of the problem is that the analysis is usually not pushed to the level where the ambiguity of the meaning of unity shows up. Unity can mean “singleness” in the sense of absence of difference or “singleness” in the sense of integrating diverse parts under one idea (concinnity). When scientists object to unity in science or psychology they imply “absence of difference” and when scientists argue for it they imply unity in the sense of concinnity. Thus the two senses of unity can be rendered compatible and the position is taken that unity in the sense of concinnity is desired and necessary for psychology to be a mature science.
Treatment of Autoimmune Disease: Established Therapies

Abstract Although traditionally established therapies, including glucocorticoids and other conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that nonspecifically target inflammation, have been at the forefront in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, newer and more tailored biologic and molecular-based immune therapies are readily being incorporated as the current standard of care. Specifically, these treatments target B and T cells, cytokines, costimulation molecules, and Toll-like receptors on antigen-presenting cells. These therapies are being used preferentially in adhering to recent recommendations under the treat-to-target approach for achieving disease remission as rapidly as possible. Moving forward, as newer therapeutic modalities become available with increased understanding of autoimmune disease pathogenesis and immunologic principles, the growing collection of established treatments remain a barometer to measure safety, efficacy, and side-effect profiles of emerging therapeutic modalities.
Abstract 17812: Awake VA ECMO Support Improves Post-LVAD Outcomes

Background: Implantation of durable LVAD in INTERMACS category 1 patients present unique challenges because of the acuity that precludes social and clinical assessment for durable LVAD therapy. Eff...
Stifle Injuries in Cattle

Lameness of the hindlimbs originating from the stifle joint may be difficult to diagnose and treat. This article describes anatomic considerations and the diagnostic procedures necessary to accurately evaluate the bovine stifle joint. The emphasis is toward obtaining a diagnosis based on physical examination and simple diagnostic procedures in field situation. Specific treatments and/or management alternatives for cattle with various ligament injuries (cranial cruciate rupture, collateral ligament injuries), or with luxated patella, upward fixation of the patella, septic arthritis, and subchondral bone cysts are described. Current knowledge of the prognosis after various treatments is presented.
Free Speech and Human Dignity

Debates over hate speech, pornography, and other sorts of controversial speech raise issues that go to the core of the First Amendment. Supporters of regulation argue that these forms of expression cause serious injury to individuals and groups, assaulting their dignity as human beings and citizens. Civil libertarians respond that our commitment to free speech is measured by our willingness to protect it, even when it causes harm or offends our deepest values. In this important book, Steven J. Heyman presents a theory of the First Amendment that seeks to overcome the conflict between free speech and human dignity. This liberal humanist theory recognizes a strong right to freedom of expression while also providing protection against the most serious forms of assaultive speech. Heyman then uses the theory to illuminate a wide range of contemporary disputes, from flag burning and antiabortion demonstrations to pornography and hate speech.
Infantile Viral Illnesses

Viruses are the predominant cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and a major cause of hospitalization in this vulnerable population. This chapter will review the common respiratory viral agents in infants and young children, including epidemiology and clinical and radiographic features. The role of the laboratory in diagnosis is emphasized with respect to rapid diagnostic techniques and histopathologic features in tissue sections. A brief summary of each of the major infantile respiratory viruses is provided, including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus, as well as the more recently detected and increasingly significant lower respiratory tract viruses, such as human metapneumovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, and bocavirus. Congenital and neonatal forms of viral pneumonia, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and measles virus, are also discussed. Postinfectious complications of viral bronchiolitis are included in this chapter due to the significant persistent morbidity during infancy in many patients.
Detection of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Using Functional Gold Nanoparticles

Biomarkers of oxidative stress are biomolecules that can be utilized in the diagnosis of diminished capacity of a biological system to counteract an overproduction or invasion of reactive oxygen species and other radicals. In this Chapter, the detection methods of the oxidative stress biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcys) and cysteine (Cys), based on their interactions with monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles are described. The nanoparticle utilization in a solution-phase analysis as well as in a multifunctional sensory film preparation is presented. The interactions of AuNP with GSH, a tripeptide maintaining the redox potential level in eukaryotic cells, have been investigated using resonance elastic light scattering (RELS) and plasmonic UV–vis spectroscopy. The high sensitivity of the RELS measurements enables monitoring of ligand exchanges and the biomarker-induced AuNP assembly. The viability of designing simple and rapid assays for the detection of GSH and Hcys is discussed. The surface plasmon band broadening and bathochromic shift are consistent with the biomarker-induced AuNP assembly and corroborate the RELS measurements and HR-TEM imaging. The results of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations support the mechanism of the formation of GSH- and Hcys-linkages in the interparticle interactions and show that multiple H-bonding can occur. The functionalized gold nanoparticles have also been shown to enhance the design of molecularly-templated conductive polymer films for the detection of biomolecules and to amplify the analytical signal by AuNP labeling. Novel designs of molecularly imprinted orthophenylenediamine (oPD) sensor films are presented. The biolyte-induced assembly of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles is evaluated in view of bioanalytical applications and the design of novel sensory films for molecularly-templated conductive polymers for microsensor arrays.
Modal propositional semantics for reason maintenance systems

Non-monotonic logics are examined and found to be inadequate as descriptions of reason maintenance systems (sometimes called truth maintenance systems). A logic is proposed that directly addresses the problem of characterizing the mental states of a reasoning agent attempting to reason with respect to some object theory. The proposed logic, propositional dynamic logic of derivation (PDLD), is given a semantics, and a sound and complete axiomatization. The descriptive power of PDLD is demonstrated by expressing various inferential control policies as PDLD formulae. In this note I will elaborate the propositional fragment of an axiomatic semantics of reason maintenance systems (RMS's) [Do2]. The development of such a semantics stems from the desire to provide a declarative specification language for RMS's with particular emphasis on the description of the control of their reasoning processes, and to serve as a formal setting within which to compare and contrast the properties of different RMS's.
Toward Optimizing Cognitive Competence In Later Life.

Recent demands on extending educational opportunities of the adult and older learner highlight a mismatch between social realities and available theories in the area of adult educational psychology...
Multinuclear Cu(I) Clusters Featuring a New Triply Bridging Coordination Mode of Phosphaamidinate Ligands.

Phosphabenzamidine [mes-NH-C(Ph)═P-mes) (1) and phosphaformamidine (mes-NH-CH═P-mes) (4) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The conjugate bases of 1 and 4 coordinate by each bridging three Cu(I) ions, forming hexa- and tetranuclear clusters Cu6[mes-N═C(Ph)-P-mes]3Cl4Li(THF)2 (3) and Cu4[mes-N═CH-P-mes]4 (5), respectively. Both clusters have been fully characterized using 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Complexes 3 and 5 exhibit a previously unknown coordination mode of phosphaamidinates, which are far less studied than their well-known amidinate counterparts
PROACTIVE PROTOCOL-BASED MANAGEMENT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA AND DIABETES IN COLORECTAL SURGERY PATIENTS.

ABSTRACT Objective: The management of diabetic patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery continues to be unsystematic, despite evidence that standardized perioperative glycemic control is asso...
A Near Optimal Reliable Composition Approach for Geo-Distributed Latency-Sensitive Service Chains

Traditionally, Network Function Virtualization uses Service Function Chaining (SFC) to place service functions and chain them with corresponding flows allocation. With the advent of Edge computing and IoT, a retiable composition of latency-sensitive SFCs is needed to support applications in geo-distributed cloud infrastructures. However, the optimal SFC composition in this case becomes the NP-hard integer multi-commodity-chain flow (MCCF) problem that has no known approximation guarantees. In this paper, we present a novel practical and near optimal SFC composition approach for geo-distributed cloud infrastructures that also admits end-to-end network QoS constraints such as latency, packet loss, etc. Specifically, we propose a novel metapath composite variable approach that reaches 99% optimality on average and takes seconds for practically sized integer MCCF problems of US Tier-1 ($\sim$300 nodes) and regional ($\sim$600 nodes) infrastructure providers’ topologies. To ensure reliability, we compose SFCs with capacity chance-constraints and backup policies. Using trace-driven simulations comprising of challenging disaster-incident conditions, we show that our solution composes twice as many SFCs than the state-of-the-art network virtualization methods.
An Invitation to Applied Category Theory: Seven Sketches in Compositionality

Category theory is unmatched in its ability to organize and layer abstractions and to find commonalities between structures of all sorts. No longer the exclusive preserve of pure mathematicians, it is now proving itself to be a powerful tool in science, informatics, and industry. By facilitating communication between communities and building rigorous bridges between disparate worlds, applied category theory has the potential to be a major organizing force. This book offers a self-contained tour of applied category theory. Each chapter follows a single thread motivated by a real-world application and discussed with category-theoretic tools. We see data migration as an adjoint functor, electrical circuits in terms of monoidal categories and operads, and collaborative design via enriched profunctors. All the relevant category theory, from simple to sophisticated, is introduced in an accessible way with many examples and exercises, making this an ideal guide even for those without experience of university-level mathematics.
Arithmetic differential equations on GLn, I: Differential cocycles

Abstract The theory of differential equations has an arithmetic analogue [8] in which derivatives are replaced by Fermat quotients. One can then ask what is the arithmetic analogue of a linear differential equation. The study of usual linear differential equations is the same as the study of the differential cocycle from GL n into its Lie algebra given by the logarithmic derivative [14] (equivalently by the Maurer–Cartan connection [17] ). However we prove here that there are no such cocycles in the context of arithmetic differential equations. In sequels of this paper [10] , [11] we will remedy the situation by introducing arithmetic analogues of Lie algebras and a skew version of differential cocycles; this will lead to a theory of linear arithmetic differential equations.
Enhanced Recovery in Bariatric Surgery

Enhanced recovery is a concept that has been embraced by some surgical specialties with resultant improvements in complication rates, readmissions, length of stay, and costs. While bariatric surgery is typically a pathway-driven specialty, there is a large amount of variability regarding perioperative care practices among bariatric surgery programs nationally. Enhanced recovery offers the possibility of decreasing this variability across practice settings by implementing evidence-based protocols that minimize surgical stress, maintain homeostasis, and minimize opioid use in all bariatric surgery programs. Protocols such as this also challenge surgical dogma and practices that are not supported by evidence such as “NPO after midnight,” the use of bowel preps, the use of drains and catheters, and routine imaging studies or prolonged periods without oral intake after surgery. Evidence is emerging to support the safety and effectiveness of specific components of enhanced recovery for this unique population, and, as implementation increases, the field of bariatric surgery will continue to be the leader in quality and patient safety among all surgical specialties.
Throughput enhancing concatenated codes with a second uncoded implicit stream

In this Letter, the authors introduce a new class of concatenated codes, throughput enhancing concatenated code 2 (TECC-2), by extending the TECCs schemes to include a second uncoded implicit stream. It is shown here that TECC-2 schemes can significantly increase the throughput enhancing capability of TECCs with only a slight increase in complexity. The tradeoff between the low signal to noise ratio performance and throughput expansion of TECC schemes is also studied.
Functional remodeling of lysosomes by type I interferon modifies host defense

Organelle remodeling is critical for cellular homeostasis, but host factors that control organelle function during microbial infection remain largely uncharacterized. Here, a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screen in intestinal epithelial cells with the prototypical intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella led us to discover that type I interferon (IFN-I) remodels lysosomes. Even in the absence of infection, IFN-I signaling modified the localization, acidification, protease activity and proteomic profile of lysosomes. Proteomic and genetic analyses revealed that multiple IFN-I-stimulated genes including Ifitm3, Slc15a3, and Cnp contribute to lysosome acidification. IFN-I-dependent lysosome acidification stimulated intracellular Salmonella virulence gene expression, leading to rupture of the Salmonella-containing vacuole and host cell death. Moreover, IFN-I signaling promoted in vivo Salmonella pathogenesis in the intestinal epithelium, where Salmonella initiates infection. Our findings explain how an intracellular bacterial pathogen co-opts epithelial IFN-I signaling. We propose that IFN-I control of lysosome function broadly impacts host defense against diverse viral and microbial pathogens.
Impact of “missing” third-body efficiencies on kinetic model predictions of combustion properties

Abstract A kinetic sensitivity analysis of almost any combustion observable will highlight pressure-dependent reactions important to predictions. Third-body efficiencies play a critical role in pressure-dependent reactions, serving as a species-specific multiplier on the rate constant of the reference collider (M). When third-body efficiencies are specified, the typical convention is to specify third-body efficiencies for a handful of common species relative to nitrogen, argon, or helium as the reference (in large part due to insufficient data for most other species). Species without explicit specification of a third-body efficiency are implicitly assumed to have a value of 1.0 – i.e. the same as the reference collider. While the impact of values used for third-body efficiencies for commonly specified species like water or carbon dioxide is well recognized, the impact of unspecified or “missing” third-body colliders is considerably less known. Naturally, the lack of specification of third-body efficiencies for some species could conceivably yield significant prediction errors. Their impact could be especially pronounced given that many unspecified third bodies, which are likely to have more rovibrational degrees of freedom or have permanent dipole moments, may be more effective in inducing energy transfer than the monatomic or diatomic gases used as a reference. Here, we present a screening procedure to estimate the potential impact of unspecified third-body efficiencies; outline key results across an array of models, fuels, and initial conditions; and explore implications for model development, optimization, and validation. In general, we find that the impact of unspecified third-body efficiencies can be substantial – large enough to potentially contaminate parameter inference in optimization studies in some cases and resolve factor-of-three differences between models and experimental data in other cases. These results therefore have further implications for the list of relevant colliders to be considered in both future modeling and energy transfer studies.
Impact of body weight on hemoglobin increments in adult red blood cell transfusion.

BACKGROUND Though weight is a major consideration when transfusing blood in pediatric patients, it is generally not considered when dosing transfusions in adults. We hypothesized that the change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is inversely proportional to body weight when transfusing red blood cells (RBC) in adults. METHODS A total of 13,620 adult surgical patients at our institution were assessed in this retrospective cohort study (2009-2016). Patients were stratified based on total body weight (kg): 40-59.9 (16.6%), 60-79.9 (40.4%), 80-99.9 (28.8%), 100-119.9 (11.3%), and 120-139.9 (2.9%). The primary outcome was the change in Hb per RBC unit transfused. Subgroup analyses were performed after stratification by sex (male/female) and the total number of RBC units received (1/2/≥3 units). Multivariable models were used to assess the association between weight and change in Hb. RESULTS As patients' body weight increased, there was a decrease in the mean change in Hb per RBC unit transfused (40-59.9 kg: 0.85 g/dL, 60-79.9 kg: 0.73 g/dL, 80-99.9 kg: 0.66 g/dL, 100-119.9 kg: 0.60 g/dL, 120-139.9 kg: 0.55 g/dL; p < .0001). This corresponded with a 35% difference in the change in Hb between the lowest and highest weight categories on univariate analysis. Similar trends were seen after subgroup stratification. On multivariable analysis, for every 20 kg increase in patient weight, there was a ~6.5% decrease in the change in Hb per RBC unit transfused (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Patient body weight differentially impacts the change in Hb after RBC transfusion. These findings justify incorporating body weight into the clinical decision-making process when transfusing blood in adult surgical patients.
Hatred, Life Without Love, and the Descent into Hell

Love and hatred are often seen as opposites. From a standpoint of emotion classification, love can be defined as a mixture of joy and acceptance, the joyful acceptance of and by another. The opposites of joy and acceptance are sadness and disgust, respectively. From this it has been inferred (in the previous chapter) that the opposite of love is not hatred but rather loneliness–forlornness. Hatred and loneliness share the primary emotion disgust, as the object of hatred is rejected and even seen as morally disgusting. But hatred does not involve sadness; hatred rather involves a dynamic of anger and fear. More specifically, three primary or basic emotions—anger, fear, and disgust, are the hypothesized elements of hatred. These three emotions combine in pairs to form three secondary emotions: frozenness/tonic-immobility (anger & fear), revulsion (fear & disgust), and contempt (anger & disgust). This chapter identifies an absence of love as a causative factor in the mentality and behavior of hate-infused violent criminals, their hatred of life, and their hellish experience of life as the living death. A comparison is made of the present hierarchical-classification theory’s model of hatred and Sternberg’s triangulation theory of hate.
Competition Strategy for Healthcare Insurance Plans

We develop a theoretical framework for a two-sided market structure to model the competition between a Preferred Provider organization (PPO) and a Health Maintenance organization (HMO). Both health plans compete to attract policyholders and providers. Our game-theoretical framework examines the consequences of risk segmentation on providers and the network effect on policyholders based on market information and network size. The outcome of the competition depends mostly on two effects: a market share effect and an adverse selection effect, captured by policyholders’ surplus expectations on both policies and copayments. If the adverse selection effect is strong enough, the HMO plan gets higher profits. On the other hand, if the market share effect dominates, the PPO profit is higher despite the unfavorable risk segmentation and higher premium. The twosided nature of the health insurance market can explain the preference of higher flexibility that has been observed during the last 15 years in the US health insurance market. However, PPO plans were drastically reduced in HealthCare.gov's 2016 lineup since many insurers claimed to be losing money on these plans and opted not to offer them in the health insurance exchange market. Our analysis shows that to be profitable, the PPO has to maintain an appropriate ratio between in-network copayment and out-of-network copayment. One conjecture is that HMO can offer more attractive remuneration to the physicians’ side and premium to the policyholders’ side. This may explain the gradual gain in the HMO market.
Proton Stimulation Targeting Plaque Magnetite Reduces Amyloid-β Plaque and Iron Redox Toxicity and Improves Memory in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND The coexistence of magnetite within protein aggregates in the brain is a typical pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques induces critical impairment of cognitive function. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of proton stimulation (PS) targeting plaque magnetite in the transgenic AD mouse brain. METHODS A proton transmission beam was applied to the whole mouse brain at a single entrance dose of 2 or 4 Gy to test the effect of disruption of magnetite-containing Aβ plaques by electron emission from magnetite. The reduction in Aβ plaque burden and the cognitive function of the PS-treated mouse group were assayed by histochemical analysis and memory tests, respectively. Aβ-magnetite and Aβ fibrils were treated with PS to investigate the breakdown of the amyloid protein matrix. RESULTS Single PS induced a 48-87%reduction in both the amyloid plaque burden and ferrous-containing magnetite level in the early-onset AD mouse brain while saving normal tissue. The overall Aβ plaque burden (68-82%) and (94-97%) hippocampal magnetite levels were reduced in late onset AD mice that showed improvements in cognitive function after PS compared with untreated AD mice (p < 0.001). Analysis of amyloid fibrils after exposure to a single 2 or 4 Gy proton transmission beam demonstrated that the protein matrix was broken down only in magnetite-associated Aβ fibrils. CONCLUSION Single PS targeting plaque magnetite effectively decreases the amyloid plaque burden and the ferrous-containing magnetite level, and this effect is useful for memory recovery.
Pulmonary dysfunction in shock.

The pulmonary lesions associated with shock often seem to be the prime determinants of patient survival. These lesions are apparently manifested in two ways. The first is an early syndrome of acute hypoxia, most typically seen in the septic shock patient. We can duplicate this hypoxic state in the laboratory by insult with an endotoxin or live organism injection. In our animal experiments, the effects suggest some degree of pulmonary micro-embolic phenomena. Histologically, aggregates of leukocytes are evident which promote an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and seem to produce shunting in the pulmonary vascular bed. We have corroborated this in different ways, primarily by using an isogravimetric lung perfusion model.
Polarization, Phase and Amplitude Control and Characterization of Ultrafast Laser Pulses

We demonstrate complete control over the polarization, phase and amplitude state of an ultrafast laser pulse using a single, linear spatial light modulator, and introduce a self-referenced method for characterization the polarization state.
SMQIE: The shower max QIE chip

A QIE-like full-custom chip has been designed by members of the Fermilab PPD/ETT/ES Group as well as members of the CDF/Shower Max Group. This chip contains two channels each with an eight range QIE front end capable of handling charges from roughly 12 fC to roughly 100 pC. Each channel also contains a five-bit flash A-to-D converter, a 38 stage deep FIFO for level 1 trigger delay and storage for holding selected time slices. It communicates with the outside world via LVDS-like differential signals. This chip utilizes a 1.2mm double-metal, double-polysilicon process with a vertical NPN transistor option. It has been prototyped using ORBIT Semiconductor�s Foresight program. As of this writing, it has been submitted to Super Tex (new owner of the ORBIT fabrication facility) for fabrication. However, it has not yet returned from fabrication.
Arguments in TimeML: events and entities

TimeML is a specification language for the annotation of events and temporal expressions in natural language text. In addition, the language introduces three relational tags linking temporal objects and events to one another. These links impose both aspectual and temporal ordering over time objects, as well as mark up subordination contexts introduced by modality, evidentiality, and factivity. Given the richness of this specification, the TimeML working group decided not to include the arguments of events within the language specification itself. Full reasoning and inference over natural language texts clearly requires knowledge of events along with their participants. In this paper, we define the appropriate role of argumenthood within event markup and propose that TimeML should make a basic distinction between arguments that are events and those that are entities. We first review how TimeML treats event arguments in subordinating and aspectual contexts, creating eventevent relations between predicate and argument. As it turns out, these constructions cover a large number of the argument types selected for by event predicates.We suggest that TimeML be enriched slightly to include causal predicates, such as lead to, since these also involve event-event relations. As such, causal relationships will be a relation type for the new Discourse Link that will also encode other discourse relations such as elaboration. We propose that all other verbal arguments be ignored by the specification, and any predicate-argument binding of participants to an event should be performed by independent means. In fact, except for the event-denoting arguments handled by the extension to TimeML proposed here, almost full temporal ordering of the events in a text can be computed without argument identification.
Re-Evaluating Student Evaluation of Teaching: The Teaching Evaluation Form

This study reports on the aggregate analysis of scores generated by a standardized instrument, the Teaching Evaluation Form (TEF; Hudson, 1982), at the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina. The data included more than 11,000 completions of the instrument in 508 class sections offered during a 4-year period. The analysis revealed a severely negatively skewed and truncated distribution of scores, with no low outlying instructors. It raises questions about the TEF’s usefulness for either administrative or teaching improvement purposes. In light of these questions, the paper discusses and recommends alternate approaches to evaluation of teaching in social work education.
Sibling-Order Effects

Throughout much of the world, eldest children are privileged, socially and economically, over their younger siblings. For this reason, firstborns tend to exhibit greater filial loyalty compared with laterborns. Because sibling order is a proxy for individual differences in age, size, and status, it affects sibling strategies in competition for parental investment. Differences in sibling strategies in turn exert a modest influence on personality and social behavior, reflecting a Darwinian process by which brothers and sisters seek to reduce direct competition through the adoption of unique family niches. Eldest siblings, who typically occupy the niche of a surrogate parent, tend to be more conscientious, achievement oriented, and conforming to authority than are their younger siblings; whereas laterborns, who cultivate low-power strategies, are often more agreeable, open to experience, and extraverted in the sense of being fun-loving and excitement-seeking. These differences in personality are displayed in various historical trends, as laterborns have often championed radical revolutions and reform movements – including the Protestant Reformation, numerous political revolutions, and radical revolutions in science.
On the role of the cases in case-based planning

One of the first CBR systems was CHEF, a case-based planner that reuses cooking recipes for creating new ones. Since then, a wide variety of applications of case-based planning (CBP) have been proposed including manufacturing, military planning and emergency prediction. In this talk, the speaker will discuss the evolution of the role of the cases in CBP. In early CBP systems like CHEF, cases provide domain knowledge. Later, cases provided control knowledge to guide first-principles planners. More recently, the speaker has developed a theory explaining how cases can play both roles. This theory facilitates the use of CBP for a number of new applications including project planning and plan discovery.
A simple two-dimensional run-length-limited code for ultra-high-density magnetic-tape recording

Investigations of two-dimensional, run-length-limited codes have shown that they may be applied across multiple channels in several ways. This paper describes a new two-dimensional coding technique which not only utilizes constraints described by Marcellin (see IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.10, no.1, p.254-266, 1992) to spread the k constraint across multiple channels, but also introduces a separate (d, k) constraint on bits recorded across channels, increasing either or both of signal-to-noise ratio and data density. A method for calculation of capacities is presented along with a low-cost, high speed code suitable for a ultra-high-density magnetic tape recording channel.
Multigrid Algorithms on the Hypercube Multiprocessor

This paper examines several ways of implementing multigrid algorithms on the hypercube multiprocessor. We consider both the standard multigrid algorithms and a concurrent version proposed by Gannon and Van Rosendale. We present several mappings of the mesh points onto the nodes of the cube. The main property of these mappings, which are based on binary reflected Gray codes, is that the distance between neighboring grid points remains constant from one grid level to another. This results in a communication effective implementation of multigrid algorithms on the hypercube multiprocessor.
Stab Wound to the Chest

A 20-year-old male is brought in by paramedics after suffering two stab wounds to his chest. In the emergency department (ED), the patient is awake but combative. He responds to questions by stating his name but is flailing his arms and shouting to everyone to leave him alone. His breath smells of alcohol. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 90/70 mmHg, heart rate is 110/min, and respiratory rate is 20/min. His airway is patent. Breath sounds are absent on the left and clear on the right. He has two stab wounds in his left chest, one just above and one just below the nipple. There is no bubbling of air from the wounds. There is palpable crepitus over the left chest. His neck veins appear to be distended. His trachea is midline. The heart sounds are difficult to hear, but the rate is regular without murmurs. The abdomen is soft and non-tender. The patient is rolled over to his back and no injuries are seen. There are no other injuries.
Synthesis of substituted, 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-l-oxyl spin labels–PH sensitivity studies

The synthesis of derivatives of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine nitroxide spin labels as pH sensitive probes is reported. The data on the pH sensitivity studies of these compounds indicate that the amino group increases the pH sensitivity of a nitroxide to a greater degree than a cyano, carboxyl or amido group.
Verification and Tuning of an Adaptive Controller for an Unmanned Air Vehicle

This paper focuses on the analysis and tuning of a controller based on the Adaptive Control Technology for Safe Flight (ACTS) architecture. The ACTS architecture consists of a nominal, non-adaptive controller that provides satisfactory performance under nominal flying conditions, and an adaptive controller that provides robustness under off-nominal ones. A framework unifying control verification and gain tuning is used to make the controller s ability to satisfy the closed-loop requirements more robust to uncertainty. In this paper we tune the gains of both controllers using this approach. Some advantages and drawbacks of adaptation are identified by performing a global robustness assessment of both the adaptive controller and its non-adaptive counterpart. The analyses used to determine these characteristics are based on evaluating the degradation in closed-loop performance resulting from uncertainties having increasing levels of severity. The specific adverse conditions considered can be grouped into three categories: aerodynamic uncertainties, structural damage, and actuator failures. These failures include partial and total loss of control effectiveness, locked-in-place control surface deflections, and engine out conditions. The requirements considered are the peak structural loading, the ability of the controller to track pilot commands, the ability of the controller to keep the aircraft s state within the reliable flight envelope, and the handling/riding qualities of the aircraft. The nominal controller resulting from these tuning strategies was successfully validated using the NASA GTM Flight Test Vehicle.
Five to 10-year followup of open partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney.

Purpose: Followup is limited in patients with a solitary kidney who undergo partial nephrectomy. We evaluated overall, cancer specific and recurrence-free survival, and renal function in patients 5 years or greater after open partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the Cleveland Clinic kidney cancer database, including only patients with a solitary kidney treated with open partial nephrectomy 5 or more years ago (from 1980 to June 2006) who had 6 months or more of followup. Survival and recurrence analyses were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results are shown as Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Linear regression analysis was done to assess postoperative renal function.Results: A total of 282 patients fit our study inclusion criteria (mean followup 175 months), of whom 233 underwent open partial nephrectomy 10 or more years ago. Actual overall survival was 78.5% and 59.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate at 5 y...
Lessons learned about developing and coordinating an instruction program with freshman composition

In the Spring of 2001, the Oregon State University Libraries began planning for a collaboration with the university’s freshman composition program. In implementing this project, with no additional library resources, and with the majority of library faculty less experienced in working with freshman students, the coordinators of the program learned numerous lessons which highlighted both the steps needed in initiating and maintaining a new instruction program, and the functions and competencies vital to providing instructional leadership and coordination in an academic library. The following case study describes the process that the coordinators of this instruction program followed, and will discuss the important role that library instruction coordinators have to play in starting a new program of library instruction.
Elimination of light scatter interference in dual-laser flow cytometry by synchronous detection of emitted fluorescence: theory and demonstration using simulated signals

Light scatter is often a source of interference in dual-laser excitation experiments by flow cytometry. If the two laser beams are not adequately separated or optical masking is not used, and if gated sequential fluorescence signal detection is not employed, light scatter from particles/cells as they pass across one beam can interfere in the fluorescence measurement channel of the other laser excitation beam. In this study we discuss the problem and present the theory for improving fluorescence measurements in dual-laser flow cytometry by use of modulated laser excitation and synchronous (phase- sensitive) detection of the resulting fluorescence emission to eliminate light scatter interference from particles/cells. Fluorescence emission from particles/cells generated by the first laser beam (unmodulated cw) is measured using conventional means (detection channel no. 1). Light scatter interference from particles/cells as they pass across the first laser excitation beam, whose wavelength lies in the fluorescence measurement region of detection channel no. 2, is rejected by the synchronously tuned phase-sensitive channel no. 2 detector, whereas the fluorescence emission corresponding to laser no. 2 excitation is detected and measured. The efficacy of the technology in relation to analytical cytology measurements is demonstrated using simulated fluorescence and light scatter signals.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A fractionation process of mechanochemically synthesized blue-green luminescent alkyl-passivated silicon nanoparticles

Abstract Blue-green luminescent (2.48–3.10 eV) alkyl-passivated silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) were synthesized in a single step, facile procedure by high energy ball milling single crystal silicon (1 0 0) wafer in the presence of reactive 1-hexyne (C6H10). The subsequent fractionation process allows for the efficient recovery of excess alkyne, purification, and separation of 1-hexyne terminated silicon nanoparticles. This preparative column procedure isolates Si NPs with predominantly nonpolar surfaces as confirmed by FTIR. Samples exhibit photoluminescence emission energies of 2.46 eV for the retained fractions and 2.95 eV for eluted fractions, illustrating a dependence on the polarity of surface passivations.
Heterogeneous network-based trust analysis: a survey

Different information sources publish information with different degrees of correctness and originality. False information can often result in considerable damage. Hence, trustworthinessof information is an important issue in this datadriven world economy. Reputation of different agents in a network has been studied earlier in a variety of domains like e-commerce, social sciences, sensor networks, and P2P networks. Recently there has been work in the data mining community on performing trust analysis based on the data provided by multiple information providers for different objects, and such agents and their provided information about data objects form a multi-typed heterogeneous network. The trust analysis under such a framework is considered as heterogeneous network-based trust analysis. This paper will survey heterogeneous network-based trust analysis models and their applications. We would conclude with a summary and some thoughts on future research in the area.