cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localized Vibrations of Atomic Hydrogen in Ca F 2

The infrared (ir) absorption spectrum of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ containing hydrogen has been measured over the range 590-2000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A strong, sharp line observed at 640\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ has been assigned to the localized mode of vibration associated with the interstitial neutral hydrogen atoms. The concentration of atomic hydrogen in the Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been determined using both ir absorption and ESR absorption techniques. The measured concentration of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, together with the observed integrated absorption of the 640-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ line of 73 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, indicates that the hydrogen-atom defect has an "apparent charge," as defined by Leigh and Szigeti, of 0.07 electrons. The observed localized-mode frequency has been compared with the result of an ab initio calculation of the interaction between the hydrogen defect and its eight fluoride neighbors. This calculation began with a Hartree-Fock-Roothaan self-consistent-field molecular-orbital calculation of the energy of an H${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule. A localized-mode frequency of 560 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was obtained, in fair agreement with the observed frequency.
Rib Perforation From a Right Ventricular Pacemaker Lead

A 50-year-old man was admitted to a community hospital for high fever. Seven years earlier, he had been in a motor vehicle accident and a cervical spine injury had resulted in quadriplegia and ventilator dependence. During that hospitalization, he was noted to have long sinus pauses that were thought to be vagally mediated, and a single-chamber pacemaker was implanted to hasten his recovery, with an active fixation pacing lead placed at the right ventricular apex (Figure 1A through 1C). His bradycardia spells subsequently disappeared, and minimal pacing was needed. Figure 1. Serial chest radiographs showing the pacemaker lead position at the time of implantation (A), at initial hospital discharge (B), 7 months after implantation (C), and at the current admission (D). The position of the lead tip is designated by an arrow, and the lead tip is clearly located outside the rib cage (D). Because of spiking fevers, leukocytosis, and methicillin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus growing from blood cultures; a …
Selenium Nanoparticles Inhibit Various Bacterial Growth on Paper Towels

Bacterial infections are commonly found on paper towels and other paper products leading to the potential spread of bacteria and consequent health concerns. The objective of this in vitro study was to introduce antibacterial properties to paper towel surfaces by coating them with selenium nanoparticles. Results showed that the selenium nanoparticle coated paper towels inhibited the growth of S. Aureus and P. aeruginosa by 80%∼90% after 72 hours compared with the uncoated paper towels. Thus, the study showed that nano-selenium coated paper towels may lead to an increased eradication of bacteria to more effectively clean a wide-range of clinical environments, thus, improving health.
Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy

Major improvements in imaging, medical therapy, and techniques of renal revascularization have changed the landscape of renovascular disease during the past decade. This has been particularly true for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, which remains one of the most common conditions known to accelerate hypertension and one of the most common incidentally detected vascular lesions. Despite, or perhaps because of, these developments, few clinical questions provoke more controversy and debate among cardiologists, internists, and nephrologists than decisions about the optimal management of patients with main renal artery stenosis. Even well-informed clinicians from different subspecialties hold widely divergent opinions about the role of renal revascularization, particularly for atherosclerotic disease. Studies of Medicare claims data indicate that application of peripheral intervention procedures varies >14-fold between various parts of the country.1 Some of those from interventional subspecialties (primarily interventional radiology and cardiology) emphasize the major benefits now available from endovascular procedures, including the use of stents. They argue that revascularization offers the potential to improve or reverse renovascular hypertension, to salvage or preserve the renal circulation and renal function, and to improve the management of patients with refractory forms of congestive heart failure.2 A recent review of the use of percutaneous renal artery procedures among Medicare beneficiaries confirms a rise from 7660 claims in 1996 to 18 520 claims in 2000, primarily because of a 2.8-fold increase in procedures by interventional cardiologists.3 Many in the nephrology community review the same published literature and reach nearly opposite conclusions. They argue that recent prospective studies fail to reveal major benefits of blood pressure control related to renal revascularization, that the risks of complications from interventional procedures are substantial, including uncommon but sometimes devastating loss of renal function resulting from atheroembolic disease.4 Despite a wave of enthusiasm in the early 1990s to identify …
Intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in pediatric transplant patients

SMX/TMP is the current gold standard for prophylaxis against PCP in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Currently, there are several second-line options for prophylaxis but many, including intravenous (IV) pentamidine, have not been reported to be as effective or as safe as SMX/TMP in the pediatric transplant population. This study is to determine the efficacy and safety of IV pentamidine in preventing PCP in pediatric transplant patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate all transplant patients that received at least one dose of IV pentamidine from January 2010 to July 2013. The primary outcome, IV pentamidine efficacy, was evaluated by the incidence of PCP diagnosis for 28 days after the last dose of IV pentamidine if patient was transitioned to another agent for PCP prophylaxis. Patients on IV pentamidine for entire course of PCP prophylaxis were followed at least six months after discontinuation of IV pentamidine. The safety of IV pentamidine was assessed by the incidence of adverse events leading to pentamidine discontinuation. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. All transplant patients at CCHMC who had received IV pentamidine were reviewed, and 333 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall incidence of PCP was found to be 0.3% for pediatric transplant patients on pentamidine. Pentamidine was found to be safe, and the incidence of adverse events leading to discontinuation was 6% with the most common reason being tachycardia 2.1%. IV pentamidine is safe and effective as PCP prophylaxis in pediatric transplant patients with a PCP breakthrough rate of 0.3% (1 of 333 patients), and only 20 adverse events led to discontinuation. We recommend that IV pentamidine be considered as a second-line option in pediatric transplant patients who cannot tolerate SMX/TMP.
Time to replace the Saffir‐Simpson hurricane scale?

The 2005 hurricane season set many new records, including the most named storms (26) and the most hurricanes in a season (14). Of the four hurricanes that made landfall in the U.S., three (Katrina, Rita, and Wilma) reached Category 5, struck the Gulf Coast, and inflicted severe damage and loss of life. Hurricane Wilma had an observed sealevel center pressure of 882 millibar (mbar) at its peak and is the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. Katrina damaged vast areas along the Mississippi coast, flooded large parts of New Orleans, and is the most destructive hurricane on record
Combined‐modality therapy for squamous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: Treatment results and prognostic factors

Background Reports on locoregional control and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa are scarce in literature. In this study, a single institution's experience of combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for buccal mucosal malignancy with favorable results was analyzed and presented. The prognostic factors on locoregional control were also discussed. Methods From January 1988 to July 1994, 57 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa treated by surgery and RT were reviewed. The distributions according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging were: stage II, 6; stage III, 21; and stage IV, 30 patients. Total dose of RT at the buccal area ranged from 45 Gy to 68.4 Gy, median 61.2 Gy. Tumor-related factors (AJCC stage, T stage, histologic grading, pathologic tumor invasion to skin of cheek, adjacent bony structures, and regional lymph nodes) and treatment-related factors (surgical margin, radiation dose, and the time interval between operation and RT) were analyzed to determine their influence on locoregional control. Results Three-year actuarial locoregional control rate, overall survival rate, and disease-specific survival rates were 64%, 55%, and 62%, respectively. Ten of these 22 patients (45%) with recurrent tumors were reoperated, but only 2 patients were successfully salvaged. Positive surgical margin and tumor invasion to skin of cheek were significantly poor prognostic factors on locoregional control by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, tumor invasion to skin of cheek was the only prognostic factor (p = .0014). Conclusions Locoregional failure was the major cause of death for squamous buccal mucosa cancers managed with surgery and RT. Few recurrences could be detected early and successfully salvaged. Skin of cheek involvement is an important prognostic factor for buccal mucosa cancers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 19:506–512, 1997.
Diet-beverage consumption and caloric intake among US adults, overall and by body weight.

Objectives. We examined national patterns in adult diet-beverage consumption and caloric intake by body-weight status.Methods. We analyzed 24-hour dietary recall with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010 data (adults aged ≥ 20 years; n = 23 965).Results. Overall, 11% of healthy-weight, 19% of overweight, and 22% of obese adults drink diet beverages. Total caloric intake was higher among adults consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) compared with diet beverages (2351 kcal/day vs 2203 kcal/day; P = .005). However, the difference was only significant for healthy-weight adults (2302 kcal/day vs 2095 kcal/day; P < .001). Among overweight and obese adults, calories from solid-food consumption were higher among adults consuming diet beverages compared with SSBs (overweight: 1965 kcal/day vs 1874 kcal/day; P = .03; obese: 2058 kcal/day vs 1897 kcal/day; P < .001). The net increase in daily solid-food consumption associated with diet-beverage consumption was 88 kilocalories for overweight...
A Call for a New Geoscience Education Research Agenda

A lack of qualified teachers and low enrollment in the geosciences exist at both secondary and tertiary levels in the United States. Consequently, it is unlikely that students will be able to achieve sci- entific literacy without an increase in both of these populations. To address these problems, we pose re - search questions, highlight sociocultural theories, and provide examples of other science education re- search as possible avenues by which to explore these related problems. We argue that such research studies are necessary to inform science education policy and advance national scientific literacy.
Comparison of transcriptional profiles of Clostridium thermocellum grown on cellobiose and pretreated yellow poplar using RNA-Seq

The anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum, secretes multi-protein enzyme complexes, termed cellulosomes, which synergistically interact with the microbial cell surface and efficiently disassemble plant cell wall biomass. C. thermocellum has also been considered a potential consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) organism due to its ability to produce the biofuel products, hydrogen and ethanol. We found that C. thermocellum fermentation of pretreated yellow poplar (PYP) produced 30% and 39% of ethanol and hydrogen product concentrations, respectively, compared to fermentation of cellobiose. RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of these cells. The PYP-grown cells taken for analysis at the late stationary phase showed 1211 genes up-regulated and 314 down-regulated by more than 2-fold compared to the cellobiose-grown cells. These affected genes cover a broad spectrum of specific functional categories. The transcriptional analysis was further validated by sub-proteomics data taken from the literature; as well as by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of selected genes. Specifically, 47 cellulosomal protein-encoding genes, genes for 4 pairs of SigI-RsgI for polysaccharide sensing, 7 cellodextrin ABC transporter genes, and a set of NAD(P)H hydogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes were up-regulated for cells growing on PYP compared to cellobiose. These genes could be potential candidates for future studies aimed at gaining insight into the regulatory mechanism of this organism as well as for improvement of C. thermocellum in its role as a CBP organism.
Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Polysaccharides

Trimethylsilyl derivatives of starch, amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen have been prepared by using hexamethyldisilazane as the silylating reagent and formamide as solvent. The degree of silylation ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 and is believed to be dependent on the structure and solubility of the polysaccharide. An important property of these trimethylsilyl derivatives is their complete solubility in common organic solvents like benzene, toluene, chloroform, etc.
Novel non-isolated LLC resonant converters

In this paper, a novel non-isolated LLC resonant converter is proposed. This converter can achieve most merits of isolated LLC resonant converter, like zero voltage switching and very low turn off loss for all MOSFETs. By non-isolated technique, the turns of transformer can be largely reduced. Meanwhile, the current through secondary windings is also reduced. Thus, the transformer loss is decreased. An 1MHz prototype is built to verify the proposed converter.
Living Japanese: Diversity in Language and Lifestyles by COLLIGAN–TAYLOR, KAREN

The article reviews the book "Living Japanese: Diversity in Language and Lifestyles" by Karen Colligan-Taylor.
A Vavilovian approach to discovering crop-associated microbes with potential to enhance plant immunity

Through active associations with a diverse community of largely non-pathogenic microbes, a plant may be thought of as possessing an “extended genotype,” an interactive cross-organismal genome with potential, exploitable implications for plant immunity. The successful enrichment of plant microbiomes with beneficial species has led to numerous commercial applications, and the hunt for new biocontrol organisms continues. Increasingly flexible and affordable sequencing technologies, supported by increasingly comprehensive taxonomic databases, make the characterization of non-model crop-associated microbiomes a widely accessible research method toward this end; and such studies are becoming more frequent. A summary of this emerging literature reveals, however, the need for a more systematic research lens in the face of what is already a metagenomics data deluge. Considering the processes and consequences of crop evolution and domestication, we assert that the judicious integration of in situ crop wild relatives into phytobiome research efforts presents a singularly powerful tool for separating signal from noise, thereby facilitating a more efficient means of identifying candidate plant-associated microbes with the potential for enhanci
Age and amyloid effects on human central nervous system amyloid-beta kinetics

Objective Age is the single greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the incidence doubling every 5 years after age 65. However, our understanding of the mechanistic relationship between increasing age and the risk for AD is currently limited. We therefore sought to determine the relationship between age, amyloidosis, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) kinetics in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans. Methods Aβ kinetics were analyzed in 112 participants and compared to the ages of participants and the amount of amyloid deposition. Results We found a highly significant correlation between increasing age and slowed Aβ turnover rates (2.5-fold longer half-life over five decades of age). In addition, we found independent effects on Aβ42 kinetics specifically in participants with amyloid deposition. Amyloidosis was associated with a higher (>50%) irreversible loss of soluble Aβ42 and a 10-fold higher Aβ42 reversible exchange rate. Interpretation These findings reveal a mechanistic link between human aging and the risk of amyloidosis, which may be owing to a dramatic slowing of Aβ turnover, increasing the likelihood of protein misfolding that leads to deposition. Alterations in Aβ kinetics associated with aging and amyloidosis suggest opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. More generally, this study provides an example of how changes in protein turnover kinetics can be used to detect physiological and pathophysiological changes and may be applicable to other proteinopathies. Ann Neurol 2015;78:439–453
Cationic fluorinated polymer binders for microbial fuel cell cathodes

Fluorinated quaternary ammonium-containing polymers were used as catalyst binders in microbial fuel cell (MFC) cathodes. The performance of the cathodes was examined and compared to NAFION® and other sulfonated aromatic cathode catalyst binders using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), impedance spectroscopy, and performance tests in single chamber air-cathode MFCs. The cathodes with quaternary ammonium functionalized fluorinated poly(arylene ether) (Q-FPAE) binders showed similar current density and charge transfer resistance (Rct) to cathodes with NAFION® binders. Cathodes containing either of these fluorinated binders exhibited better electrochemical responses than cathodes with sulfonated or quaternary ammonium-functionalized RADEL® poly(sulfone) (S-Radel or Q-Radel) binders. After 19 cycles (19 d), the power densities of all the MFCs declined compared to the initial cycles due to biofouling at the cathode. MFC cathodes with fluorinated polymer binders (1445 mW m−2, Q-FPAE-1.4-H; 1397 mW m−2, Q-FPAE-1.4-Cl; 1277 mW m−2, NAFION®; and 1256 mW m−2, Q-FPAE-1.0-Cl) had better performance than those with non-fluorinated polymer binders (880 mW m−2, S-Radel; 670 mW m−2, Q-Radel). There was a 15% increase in the power density using the Q-FPAE binder with a 40% higher ion exchange capacity (Q-FPAE-1.4-H compared to Q-FPAE-1.0-Cl) after 19 cycles of operation, but there was no effect on the power production due to counter ions in the binder (Cl−vs. HCO3−). The highest-performance cathodes (NAFION® and Q-FPAE binders) had the lowest charge transfer resistances (Rct) in fresh and in fouled cathodes despite the presence of thick biofilms on the surface of the electrodes. These results show that fluorinated binders may decrease the penetration of the biofilm and associated biopolymers into the cathode structure, which helps to combat MFC performance loss over time.
A prefetching scheme for energy conservation in parallel disk systems

Large-scale parallel disk systems are frequently used to meet the demands of information systems requiring high storage capacities. A critical problem with these large-scale parallel disk systems is the fact that disks consume a significant amount of energy. To design economically attractive and environmentally friendly parallel disk systems, we developed two energy-aware prefetching strategies for parallel disk systems with disk buffers. First, we introduce a new buffer disk architecture that can provide significant energy savings for parallel disk systems while achieving high performance. Second, we design a prefetching approach to utilize an extra disk to accommodate prefetched data sets that are frequently accessed. Third, we develop a second prefetching strategy that makes use of an existing disk in the parallel disk system as a buffer disk. Compared with the first prefetching scheme, the second approach lowers the capacity of the parallel disk system. However, the second approach is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than the first prefetching technique. Finally, we quantitatively compare both of our prefetching approaches against two conventional strategies including a dynamic power management technique and a non-energy-aware scheme. Using empirical results we show that our novel prefetching approaches are able to reduce energy dissipation in parallel disk systems by 44% and 50% when compared against a non-energy aware approach. Similarly, our strategies are capable of conserving 22% and 30% of the energy when compared to the dynamic power management technique.
Using Verified Data-Flow Analysis-based Optimizations in Attribute Grammars

Building verified compilers is difficult, especially when complex analyses such as type checking or data-flow analysis must be performed. Both the type checking and program optimization communities have developed methods for proving the correctness of these processes and developed tools for using, respectively, verified type systems and verified optimizations. However, it is difficult to use both of these analyses in a single declarative framework since these processes work on different program representations: type checking on abstract syntax trees and data-flow analysis-based optimization on control flow or program dependency graphs. We present an attribute grammar specification language that has been extended with constructs for specifying attribute-labelled control flow graphs and both CTL and LTL-FV formulas that specify data-flow analyses. These formulas are model-checked on these graphs to perform the specified analyses. Thus, verified type rules and verified data-flow analyses (verified either by hand or with automated proof tools) can both be transcribed into a single declarative framework based on attribute grammars to build a high-confidence language implementations. Also, the attribute grammar specification language is extensible so that it is relatively straight-forward to add new constructs for different temporal logics so that alternative logics and model checkers can be used to specify data-flow analyses in this framework.
Large-scale prediction of protein geometry and stability changes for arbitrary single point mutations.

We have developed a method to both predict the geometry and the relative stability of point mutants that may be used for arbitrary mutations. The geometry optimization procedure was first tested on a new benchmark of 2141 ordered pairs of X-ray crystal structures of proteins that differ by a single point mutation, the largest data set to date. An empirical energy function, which in- cludes terms representing the energy contributions of the folded and denatured proteins and uses the predicted mutant side chain conformation, was fit to a training set consisting of half of a diverse set of 1816 experimental stability values for single point mutations in 81 different proteins. The data in- cluded a substantial number of small to large resi- due mutations not considered by previous predic- tion studies. After removing 22 (2%) outliers, the stability calculation gave a standard deviation of 1.08 kcal/mol with a correlation coefficient of 0.82. The prediction method was then tested on the re- maining half of the experimental data, giving a standard deviation of 1.10 kcal/mol and covariance of 0.66 for 97% of the test set. A regression fit of the energy function to a subset of 137 mutants, for which both native and mutant structures were avail- able, gave a prediction error comparable to that for the complete training set with predicted side chain conformations. We found that about half of the variation is due to conformation-independent resi- due contributions. Finally, a fit to the experimental stability data using these residue parameters exclu- sively suggests guidelines for improving protein stability in the absence of detailed structure infor- mation. Proteins 2004;57:400 - 413.
The Principle of Corresponding States and Prediction of Gas-Liquid Separation Factors and Thermodynamic Properties: A Review

Abstract A review is made of the development of the principle of corresponding states and the utility of the molecular shape factor method for the description of properties of pure fluids and fluid mixtures. From consideration of angle averaging of the potential energy of nonspherical molecules, shape factors were devised to relate the state of an acentric fluid with that of a reference fluid. With the development of correlations for the correspondence of states, an accurate equation of state of the reference fluid is made to apply to many fluids. The method is extended to mixtures with the introduction of van der Waals' combining rules. Extensive calculations show that the use of methane as the reference fluid yields useful results for paraffin hydrocarbons up to about C7, cyclic hydrocarbons of even higher molecular weight, and nonassociating polar substances. Diverse properties are examined including volumetric properties, vapor pressures, K-values, enthalpies, excess properties of mixing, and transpor...
The geometry of reaction trajectories and attracting manifolds in composition space

In numerical simulations of combustion processes, the use of dimension reduction to simplify the description of the chemical system has the advantage of reducing the computational cost, but it is important also to retain accuracy and adequate detail. Most existing dimension reduction methods assume the existence of low-dimensional attracting manifolds in the full composition space and try to approximate or directly identify the low-dimensional attracting manifolds. However, questions remain about the geometry of the reaction trajectories in the full composition space, the existence of the low-dimensional attracting manifolds in low-temperature regions, and the minimum dimension of the attracting manifold required for describing a particular chemical system. This paper tries to address some of these issues by studying the reaction trajectories starting from a wide range of different initial compositions for both H2/air and CH 4/air mixtures. Along each trajectory, we study the tangent bundle of the traject...
Restoration of speckle-degraded images using bispectra

Coherent speckle noise is modeled as a multiplicative noise process. Using a logarithmic transformation, this speckle noise is converted to a signal-independent additive process which is close to Gaussian when an integrating aperture is used. Bispectral reconstruction of speckle-degraded images is performed on such logarithmically transformed images when independent multiple snapshots are available. >
Extending regular expressions with context operators and parse extraction

SUMMARY Regular expressions are used in many applications to specify patterns because any regular expression can be compiled into a very efficient one-pass pattern matcher called a finite automaton. Finding matches is useful, but even more useful is parse extraction, which describes in detail how a pattern matches some input. After matching an address, for example, parse extraction makes it easy to find out the Zip code part of the address. We present an elegant, efficient algorithm for extracting a parse after matching with a finite automaton. In addition, we extend the regular expression language to include new operators for matching arbitrary left context and single character right context. The extended language can be matched as efficiently as the usual regular expression language, but is more expressive. Finally, we suggest how to apply the matching algorithms to match regular expressions containing arbitrary right context and single character left context. In effect, this allows one to specify patterns that seem to require an unlimited amount of look-ahead to match.
Vibration Modeling and Experimental Results of Two-Phase Twin-Screw Pump

In turbomachines, the transfer of energy between the rotor and the fluid does not—in theory—result in lateral forces on the rotor. In positive displacement machines, on the other hand, the transfer of energy between the moving components and the working fluid usually results in unbalanced pressure fields and forces. Muhammed and Childs (2013, “Rotordynamics of a Two-Phase Flow Twin Screw Pump,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 135(6), p. 062502) developed a model to predict the dynamic forces in twin-screw pumps, showing that the helical screw shape generates hydraulic forces that oscillate at multiples of running speed. The work presented here attempts to validate the model of Muhammed and Childs (2013, “Rotordynamics of a Two-Phase Flow Twin Screw Pump,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 135(6), p. 062502) using a clear-casing twin-screw pump. The pump runs in both single and multiphase conditions with exit pressure up to 300 kPa and a flow rate 0.6 l/s. The pump was instrumented with dynamic pressure probes across the axial length of the screw in two perpendicular directions to validate the dynamic model. Two proximity probes measured the dynamic rotor displacement at the outlet to validate the rotordynamics model and the hydrodynamic cyclic forces predicted by Muhammed and Childs (2013, “Rotordynamics of a Two-Phase Flow Twin Screw Pump,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 135(6), p. 062502). The predictions were found to be in good agreement with the measurements. The amplitude of the dynamic pressure measurements in two perpendicular plans supported the main assumptions of the model (constant pressure inside the chambers and linear pressure drop across the screw lands). The predicted rotor orbits at the pump outlet in the middle of the rotor matched the experimental orbits closely. The spectrum of the response showed harmonics of the running speed as predicted by the model. The pump rotor's calculated critical speed was at 24.8 krpm, roughly 14 times the rotor's running speed of 1750 rpm. The measured and observed excitation frequencies extended out to nine times running speed, still well below the first critical speed. However, for longer twin-screw pumps running at higher speed, the coincidence of a higher-harmonic excitation frequency with the lightly damped first critical speed should be considered.
Room Temperature Diamond Color Center Laser

An important class of tunable lasers is the color-center laser which has been developed commercially in alkali halide materials to provide widely tunable radiation in the near infrared region from 0.8 to 3.2 μm. These lasers exhibit a number of outstanding properties such as low threshold, high efficiency (~50%) and excellent frequency and mode stability. However, they suffer disadvantages of short shelf-life, low- power optical bleaching of the laser centers, and cryogenic temperature operation. The development of a color-center laser as a practical field device has not been possible because of the need for cryogenic cooling to stabilize the color center under the effects of optical pumping. In addition, the blue-green spectral region of interest in many applications cannot be covered by F-aggregate centers for which the emission wavelengths are invariably longer than 650 nm. We report on research directed towards the goal of a color-center solid-state laser which can operate with high efficiency at room temperature.
Influence of Food on Indian Culture

The purpose of this paper has been to describe the mentality of the race conscious. Such problems as the origin of race consciousness, its natural history, and its relation to race movements have been ignored. Race consciousness has been described as the tendency of members of a racial group to identify themselves emotionally and ideologically with their race. They tend to react, and think within a racial frame of reference. Their status and welfare as persons are associated with the status and welfare of their race. The race conscious may be characterized as follows: they tend to develop a sense of oppression, especially if they belong to low status racial groups; they are sensitive relative to the qualities, honor and prestige of their race, resenting any attacks or derogatory reactions; their race becomes a social object, a mental stereotype, which evokes their devotion and loyalty; they take pride in their race, stressing its achievements, loyal to its great men and defending its honor, this pride bolstering their conception of self; they develop racial prej udices against competing racial groups; they become aware of a mission and a destiny, secure in their hopes for the future of the race; and, there is a tendency for a sentimental solidarity to develop among the race conscious, especially so in the case of the oppressed races. Race consciousness is merely another form of group consciousness, serving the same purpose and playing the same role essentially in the life of the individual that any other type of group consciousness does.
Comparison of UDPG-Glycogen Synthetase Activity of the Tongue and Uterus.

SummaryUDPG-glycogen synthetase was not demonstrated in the uterus of the ovariectomized or in the ovariectomized-hormone treated rats. However, in the tongue the enzyme was present. The results show that glycogen of the rat uterus is not synthesized through the UDPG pathway. The results also demonstrate a difference in glycogen synthesis between the smooth muscle of the uterus and skeletal muscle of the tongue.
Phosphaturic effect of cortisone in normal and parathyroidectomized rats.

Summary1) The effect of cortisone on serum inorganic phosphorus concentration and urinary phosphorus excretion has been investigated in normal and parathyroidectomized rats. 2) It has been found that cortisone exerts a phosphaturic action which is not dependent upon the presence of the parathyroid glands nor accompanied by elevation of serum phosphorus concentration.
What Are the Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Marketing Executives

Traditional ways of framing questions about the social and ethical responsibilities of marketing have on the whole been self-defeating. In fact, the discovery of workable answers to the question, “...
Evaluation of capture techniques for amphibian, reptile, and small mammal communities in saturated forested wetlands

We evaluate the effect of different capture techniques on estimates of species richness and diversity for several amphibian, reptile, and small mammal communities in saturated forested wetlands in southeastern Virginia and South Carolina. Each technique yields different and biased quantitative results because of variation in catchability within and among taxonomic groups. Drift fences with pitfall traps seem to be a useful technique for most taxa, but complete inventories require supplemental methods. Standardized arrays of coverboards in saturated forested wetlands may be useful only for specific taxa. Our ability to generalize about the structure of terrestrial vertebrate communities and their value in saturated forested wetlands is limited because current data sets were obtained with different capture techniques. We recommend that standardized techniques and sampling efforts be used in future assessments of vertebrate communities in saturated forested wetlands so that comparisons can be made across time and space.
Evolution of the Atmosphere During the Hadean and Archean

The main reservoir for surface carbon on the Hadean/Archean Earth was in the form of organic molecules dissolved in sea water, floating as a scum on the ocean surface, or deposited as sediment on the sea floor. Some fraction would also have been found in water bodies on whatever emergent land had been produced at any given time, and probably a tiny fraction was actually on the land surface. At present most carbon is found in carbonate rocks, and is highly oxidized by comparison. To get from the early Earth to the present situation implies a very large amount of oxidation. The fundamental cause of this oxidation was loss of hydrogen to space. Comparing current hydrogen production rates in volcanoes to current loss rates to space underlines the changes that have taken place on Earth. Modern hydrogen production is about 100 times greater than loss to space, reflecting the consumption of volcanic hydrogen by oxidation in the atmosphere before it can reach the higher levels from which it can escape. During the Hadean/Archean the oxygen-free atmosphere would have allowed hydrogen (and its compounds with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) to transport much larger amounts of hydrogen to the upper atmosphere, supporting the hydrogen loss necessary to eventually result in oxidation of most of the carbon compounds. A average hydrogen loss rate about 1000 times the present-day value would provide enough net oxidation to achieve the requisite oxidation, including oxidation of reduced elements freed up by weathering and erosion of rocks. The factor of ten compared to current volcanic production rates can be more than made up for by higher early heat flow and production of reduced compounds by cycling sea-water organics through sea-floor hydrothermal systems. In all likelihood Hadean hydrogen production was higher than in the late Archean, but starting from a highly reduced state and ending with much more oxidized conditions some 2 billion years later is not a problem.
Risk Factors Associated with Death of Childhood Severe Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease with Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema

Objective To evaluate the risk factors associated with the death of childhood severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) with neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE),which aims to be a guideline of early awareness,early diagnosis,treatment and reduce mortality. Methods Data of consecutive cases(n=42) which were confirmed severe HFMD with NPE admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU) in Hunan Provincial Children′s Hospital from Mar.2010 to Jun.2010.According to the prognosis of diseases,42 cases were divided into survival group(controlled group) and death group(death and death after giving up).The 24 variables included gender,age,pe-diatric critical illness score(PCIS),the number of organs involved in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),white blood cell(WBC) count,neutrophilic granulocyte,platelet count,blood glucose when mechanical ventilation were given,heart rate when mechanical ventilation were given,blood pressure when mechanical ventilation were given,lactic acid,buffuer excess(BE),creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB,troponin,procalcitonin,C-reactive protein(CRP),pulmonary hemorrhage,consciousness disorders,startle,oxygenation index,stress ulcer and circulatory failure,duration of disease were compared between 2 groups.The related risk factors which P value was lower than 0.05 were screened by single factor analysis and analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and risk factors for death were analyzed. Results Sixteen cases were dead,and the mortality was 38.1%.Pulmonary hemorrhage were seen in 18 cases(14 cases were dead).All 16 cases in the dead group had a fever,startle and circulatory failure,in which 15 cases had scattered needle-like rash on hand and foot or hand,foot and buttock,except 1 case.Eight cases had 3 organs involved in organ dysfunction and 4 cases of them were dead,11 cases had 4 organs and all of them were dead,1 case had 5 organs and dead finally.The single factor analysis showed that 16 variables included PCIS,the number of organs involved in MODS,WBC count,neutrophilic granulocyte,platelet count,blood glucose when mechanical ventilation were given,heart rate when mechanical ventilation were given,lactic acid,BE,CK-MB,troponin,pulmonary hemorrhage,consciousness disorders,oxygenation index,stress ulcer and circulatory failure were associated with the death of childhood severe HFMD with NPE,and the variables were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Lactic acid,CK-MB and PCIS were entered into the equation and were the factors associated with death. Conclusions The mortality in patients with severe HFMD with NPE are much higher,especially pulmonary hemorrhage and circulatory failure are existed.PCIS decreased,lactic acid and CK-MB increased are the risk factors associated with the death of childhood severe HFMD with NPE.
Spontaneous umbilical fistula in Crohn's disease. Report of a case

Spontaneous umbilical fistula in Crohn's disease is extremely rare, with very few reports found on a 15-year review of the medical literature. Among those reports, no patient had prior abdominal surgery. Attention was recently focused on this unique entity when spontaneous umbilical fistula was diagnosed in a 64-year-old anemic male mechanic with known ileocolic Crohn's disease. This fistula locus occurred despite a right lower quadrant appendectomy incision done 15 years earlier. Spontaneous umbilical fistula pathophysiology and pathways are reviewed.
Measure and Integration

The notion of the measurability of a set S of real numbers may be viewed as the approximability to set S by simple measurable open sets. Using this computational viewpoint, we may define a recursively measurable set to be one that can be approximated by simple open sets such that the measures of the approximation errors converge to zero recursively. A polynomial-time measurable set, or, more appropriately, a polynomial-time approximable set then is one for which the measures of the approximation errors converge to zero in a polynomial rate. Similarly, we may define a polynomial-time approximable function to be one that can be approximated by simple step functions with errors converging to zero in a polynomial rate. This class of real functions contains noncontinuous functions and hence properly contains the class of polynomial-time computable functions defined in Chapter 2. However, if we restrict our attention to the class of continuous functions which have polynomial moduli of continuity, then it is not known whether the notion of polynomial-time approximability is strictly stronger than the notion of polynomial-time computability.
Exercise Facilitates Smoking Cessation Indirectly via Intention to Quit Smoking: Prospective Cohort Study Among a National Sample of Young Smokers.

Introduction:We evaluated the specific association between exercise and smoking cessation via smoking-mediated intentions to quit smoking among a national sample of young daily smokers in the Unite...
Radiation dose reduction during neuroendovascular procedures

Aim To describe the impact of steps towards reduction of procedural doses of radiation during neuroendovascular procedures. Methods Phantom exposures under controlled circumstances were performed using a Rando-Alderson adult-sized head phantom. Customized imaging protocols were devised for pediatric and adult imaging and implemented in clinical use. Outcome data for estimated skin doses (ESD) and dose–area product (DAP) following pediatric and adult diagnostic and interventional procedures over 4.5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results Dose estimates were reduced by 50% or more after introduction of customized imaging protocols in association with modification of personnel behavior compared with doses recorded with previously used vendor-recommended protocols. Discussion Substantial reductions in radiation use during neuroendovascular procedures can be achieved through a combination of equipment modification and operator behavior.
Vitrification and Density Scaling of Polyurea at Pressures up to 6 GPa

Elastomeric polyurea is an important polymer for impact mitigation, but viscoelasticity, nonlinearity, pressure-effects, and the onset of the glass transition complicate analyses of experimental measurements. Consequently, development efforts rely on modeling, which in turn requires accurate potential functions. To address this issue, we measured the glass transition, Tg, of polyurea at pressures up to 6 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. In this method, Tg is determined as the lowest temperature at which the pressure is hydrostatic. From the pressure dependence of Tg, in combination with equation of state measurements at pressures up to 1 GPa, the density scaling exponent for the polyurea was obtained. The value 2.39 ± 0.06 is in accord with previous determinations based on lower pressure experiments; thus, density scaling remains valid for density changes as large as 50%. The scaling exponent reflects the steepness of the intermolecular repulsive potential and should serve as a guide to the choice of potentia...
A low-cost method for visible fluorescence imaging

A wide variety of crystallization solutions are screened to establish conditions that promote the growth of a diffraction-quality crystal. Screening these conditions requires the assessment of many crystallization plates for the presence of crystals. Automated systems for screening and imaging are very expensive. A simple approach to imaging trace fluorescently labeled protein crystals in crystallization plates has been devised, and can be implemented at a cost as low as $50. The proteins β-lactoglobulin B, trypsin and purified concanavalin A (ConA) were trace fluorescently labeled using three different fluorescent probes: Cascade Yellow (CY), Carboxyrhodamine 6G (CR) and Pacific Blue (PB). A crystallization screening plate was set up using β-lactoglobulin B labeled with CR, trypsin labeled with CY, ConA labeled with each probe, and a mixture consisting of 50% PB-labeled ConA and 50% CR-labeled ConA. The wells of these plates were imaged using a commercially available macro-imaging lens attachment for smart devices that have a camera. Several types of macro lens attachments were tested with smartphones and tablets. Images with the highest quality were obtained with an iPhone 6S and an AUKEY Ora 10× macro lens. Depending upon the fluorescent probe employed and its Stokes shift, a light-emitting diode or a laser diode was used for excitation. An emission filter was used for the imaging of protein crystals labeled with CR and crystals with two-color fluorescence. This approach can also be used with microscopy systems commonly used to observe crystallization plates.
Intraindividual Variability and Validity in Smart Apparel Muscle Activity Measurements During Exercise in Men

The purpose of the study was to compare smart apparel (SA) muscle activity measurements to surface electromyography (sEMG) muscle activity measurements during exercise, and determine if any systematic bias of the apparel exists. Thirty-five male participants (Ages 23.1±2.92 yrs, height 178±0.09 cm, mass 81.14±10.59 kg, body fat percentage 15.4±4.79%) provided informed consent for participation. During two separate exercise sessions, participants performed three sets of 12 bodyweight squats and pushups in both SA and sEMG. Conditions (sEMG or SA) were randomly counterbalanced. During sEMG, sensors were placed at selected anatomical locations on the right side. During SA, sEMG sensors were sewn into the fabric. Percent of maximal voluntary contractions (%MVC) were calculated. Paired t-test were used to analyze group mean differences in %MVC between conditions. Bland & Altman plots were created to determine any systematic bias. A Pearson’s product correlation was run to determine any association with intertrial variability and body fat percentage. The alpha levels were set a p 0.05). There was a significant difference in %MVC measured in the SA and sEMG for the RDELT (p=0.02). Specifically, the %MVC for the deltoid during pushups was 11.8% greater compared to sEMG. Intertrial differences were not significantly correlated with %BF (p>0.05). The apparel appears to be valid in the recreational population and appears to have no systematic bias.