cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental impact of an aviation kerosene spill on stream water quality in cambria county, Pennsylvania

A comprehensive survey of a small Cambria County, Pennsylvania, watershed contaminated by a British Petroleum aviation kerosene leak was conducted from 9 November 1982 until 20 December 1983. The biological data showed evidence of a rapid recolonization process by benthic macroinvertebrates that began at the last two downstream stations shortly after the spill. The recovery at stations located immediately below the spill was delayed because few organisms for repopulation were present in the clean, upstream section and because a drought eliminated most of the biota in the immediate headwaters during 1983. Measurements of species diversity of benthic invertebrates showed that most of the stations in the contaminated sections recovered between June and October 1983. Short-term in situ toxicity bioassays conducted with brook trout in April 1983 showed that the stream was again suitable for restocking with trout. In addition, a fish electroshocking program in May and October 1983 clearly demonstrated that the contaminated sections of the stream had recovered and again supported a diverse fish population, including trout and young-of-the-year minnows and sunfish. The results of chemical analyses and biochemical oxygen demand measurements indicated that the water quality in the contaminated section recovered between 30 November and 14 December 1982. The major factors that accelerated the recolonization process in the contaminated watershed were (a) immediate and effective cleanup activities; (b) a plentiful source of unpolluted dilution water; (c) the drift of benthic organisms available for recolonization; and (d) the immigration of fish from the unpolluted sections of the watershed.
Electronic structure, field-induced magnetization density and neutron magnetic form factor of palladium☆

Abstract The magnetic field induced magnetization density and neutron magnetic form factor of Pd metal is obtained from an ab initio APW energy band study of its electronic structure and properties. The magnetization consists of the spin density calculated for states on the Fermi surface and a much smaller orbital contribution. The solid state wavefunctions are found to yield a spatial localization of the spin density which is greater than that of the very contracted Hartree-Fock density of the free Pd 2+ ion. The theretical magnetic form factor, which is dominated by the contribution of the fifth band, is found to be in excellent agreement with the measurements of Cable, Wollan, Felcher, Brun and Hornfeldt.
The Limits of Market-Oriented Regulatory Techniques: The Case of Automotive Fuel Economy

The search for more efficient, market-oriented regulatory techniques has produced significant recent advances in several areas. Among these would appear to be the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) approach to reducing gasoline consumption by the domestic automobile fleet. The 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act required manufacturers to sell fleets with a sales-weighted average of 18 miles per gallon in the 1978 model year, 19 mpg in 1979, 20 mpg in 1980, and 27.5 mpg in 1985.1 The standards for the four intervening years were subsequently set by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration at 22, 24, 26, and 27 miles per gallon. The advantages of the averaging approach over uniform vehicle standards or a "gas guzzler" tax are two-fold. First, CAFE permits each firm to increase its overall fuel efficiency in the cheapest manner, since the costs of mileage improvements for different vehicles may be rather different.2 And second, it permits the continuation of a diverse product mix to the consumer, since a uniform standard would probably result in the demise of certain models. These arguments for averaging are now so widely accepted that the principle is being proposed, inter alia, for automotive emissions standards as well. That is, instead of maximum allowable emissions for each and every model, manufacturers could produce models with various levels of pollutants
Hydrophobicity variations along the surface of the coiled-coil rod may mediate striated muscle myosin assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle contains two isoforms of myosin heavy chain, MHC A and MHC B, that differ in their ability to initiate thick filament assembly. Whereas mutant animals that lack the major isoform, MHC B, have fewer thick filaments, mutant animals that lack the minor isoform, MHC A, contain no normal thick filaments. MHC A, but not MHC B, is present at the center of the bipolar thick filament where initiation of assembly is thought to occur (Miller, D.M.,I. Ortiz, G.C. Berliner, and H.F. Epstein. 1983. Cell. 34:477-490). We mapped the sequences that confer A-specific function by constructing chimeric myosins and testing them in vivo. We have identified two distinct regions of the MHC A rod that are sufficient in chimeric myosins for filament initiation function. Within these regions, MHC A displays a more hydrophobic rod surface, making it more similar to paramyosin, which forms the thick filament core. We propose that these regions play an important role in filament initiation, perhaps mediating close contacts between MHC A and paramyosin in an antiparallel arrangement at the filament center. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that all striated muscle myosins show a characteristic variation in surface hydrophobicity along the length of the rod that may play an important role in driving assembly and determining the stagger at which dimers associate.
Variation in size at birth and post-natal growth in the insectivorous bat Pipistrellus subflavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

We describe the size and developmental state at birth, examine factors which influence intra- and inter-year variation in post-natal growth, and derive age-predictive equations and logistic growth parameters for the eastern pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus subflavus. Ambient and roost temperature and insect abundance were lowest, and precipitation highest, before and during the post-natal growth period in 1982, as compared to 1981. We found no sex differences in the size of pups at birth or in post-natal growth rates in a given year; however, body mass and length of forearm of neonates differed significantly between years, being smaller in 1982 than in 1981. During the first two weeks of post-natal growth in both years, the body mass and length of forearm of pups increased linearly at mean rates of 0.15 g.day−1 and 1.12 mm.day−1, respectively. Post-natal growth rates for length of forearm and body mass were the same during the early linear phase of growth, but the intercept for body mass was less and growth trajectories were more variable in 1982. Length of forearm was the least variable and thus most reliable character for estimating age of P. subflavus pups during the first 14 days of post-natal growth. When length of forearm was used in combination with mean changes in the length of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal epiphyseal gap, we derived reliable age-estimation equations ranging from 1 to 45 days. Litter size averaged 1.96 and 1.93 at birth, but this was reduced to one by the time pups became volant. At birth, litter mass represented 44, and 54% of the post-partum mass of females in 1981 and 1982, respectively. This maternal effort during pregnancy is among the highest reported for bats. At weaning, the body mass of pups approached 80% of adult post-partum body mass, and the length of forearm exceeded 90% of adult female size. Our results suggest that size at birth and post-natal growth are influenced by ambient and roost temperature, rainfall, and the quantity of insects available to pregnant and lactating females. Thus, energetic constraints on both mothers and pups can lead to inter-year and inter-individual differences in maternal effort and post-natal growth of pups.
Effect of green tea extract on cardiac hypertrophy following 5/6 nephrectomy in the rat

Effect of green tea extract on cardiac hypertrophy following 5/6 nephrectomy in the rat. Background Left ventricular hypertrophy commonly complicates chronic renal failure. We have observed that at least one pathway of left ventricular hypertrophy appears to involve signaling through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Green tea is a substance that appears to have substantial antioxidant activity, yet is safe and is currently widely used. We, therefore, studied whether green tea supplementation could attenuate the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or remnant kidney surgery and given green tea extract (0.1% and 0.25%) or plain drinking water for the next 4 weeks. Heart weight, body weight, and cardiac Na-K-ATPase activity were measured at the end of this period. To further test our hypothesis, we performed studies in cardiac myocytes isolated from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured the generation of ROS using the oxidant sensitive dye dichlorofluorescein (DCF) as well as ( 3 H)phenylalanine incorporation following exposure to cardiac glycosides with and without green tea extract. Results Administration of green tea extract at 0.25% resulted in attenuation of left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, and preserved cardiac Na-K-ATPase activity in rats subjected to remnant kidney surgery (all P 3 H)phenylalanine incorporation at concentrations substantially below their inhibitor concentration (IC) 50 for the sodium pump. Addition of green tea extract prevented increases in ROS production as well as ( 3 H)phenylalanine incorporation in these isolated cardiac myocytes. Conclusion Green tea extract appears to block the development of cardiac hypertrophy in experimental renal failure. Some of this effect may be related to the attenuation of hypertension, but a direct effect on cardiac myocyte ROS production and growth was also identified. Clinical studies of green tea extract in chronic renal failure patients may be warranted.
The Duke of York affair (1809) and the complexities of wartime patriotism

The essay examines the forced resignation of the duke of York as commander-in-chief of the British army in 1809 as a case study in the complexities of patriotism during the Napoleonic war. The recent work of Linda Colley and others has emphasized the conservative use of wartime patriotism as a means of defending the established political order in general and royalty in particular. But the parliamentary and outdoor pressure that prompted the duke to step down in response to suspicions that he had permitted his mistress to trqffick in army commissions indicates that staunch supporters as well as critics of the status quo did not hesitate to invoke patriotism as a means of criticizing royalty when it was thought to have neglected its duty to set a good moral example to the nation. There is no question that a large majority of the duke's critics felt that royalty was integral to what they believed was Britain's uniquely privileged position in the world. But the York affair suggests that a great many ‘patriotic’ Britons felt that the royal family had to be protected from its own occasional indiscretions as well as from the Napoleonic peril.
Casual Contraception in Casual Sex: Life-Cycle Change in Undergraduates' Sexual Behavior in Hookups

This article describes life-cycle change in the sexual behavior of undergraduates in “hookups” (which are outside traditional dates or relationships) during years 1–4 of college, explains a decline in the use of condoms, and shows how changes in the odds of coitus and condom use depend on family background, school gender imbalance, and whether the partners attend the same college. Coitus becomes increasingly likely as students progress through college. Condom-use rates, in contrast, decline precipitously between the freshman and sophomore years, before stabilizing. This rapid normalization of unprotected sex in hookups arises as students adapt to a high-education culture. Condom-use rates in the freshman year are lowest among students who have the most highly educated mothers. After the freshman year, students with lower-educated mothers converge to the same lower rate. This decline is pronounced when the partners attend the same college. Implications for health and social policy are discussed.
The Selfish Segregation Distorter Gene Complex of Drosophila melanogaster

Segregation Distorter (SD) is an autosomal meiotic drive gene complex found worldwide in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. During spermatogenesis, SD induces dysfunction of SD+ spermatids so that SD/SD+ males sire almost exclusively SD-bearing progeny rather than the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio. SD is thus evolutionarily “selfish,” enhancing its own transmission at the expense of its bearers. Here we review the molecular and evolutionary genetics of SD. Genetic analyses show that the SD is a multilocus gene complex involving two key loci—the driver, Segregation distorter (Sd), and the target of drive, Responder (Rsp)—and at least three upward modifiers of distortion. Molecular analyses show that Sd encodes a truncated duplication of the gene RanGAP, whereas Rsp is a large pericentromeric block of satellite DNA. The Sd–RanGAP protein is enzymatically wild type but mislocalized within cells and, for reasons that remain unclear, appears to disrupt the histone-to-protamine transition in drive-sensitive spermatids bearing many Rsp satellite repeats but not drive-insensitive spermatids bearing few or no Rsp satellite repeats. Evolutionary analyses show that the Sd–RanGAP duplication arose recently within the D. melanogaster lineage, exploiting the preexisting and considerably older Rsp satellite locus. Once established, the SD haplotype collected enhancers of distortion and suppressors of recombination. Further dissection of the molecular genetic and cellular basis of SD-mediated distortion seems likely to provide insights into several important areas currently understudied, including the genetic control of spermatogenesis, the maintenance and evolution of satellite DNAs, the possible roles of small interfering RNAs in the germline, and the molecular population genetics of the interaction of genetic linkage and natural selection.
Analysis of finite-energy signals using higher-order moments-and spectra-based time-frequency distributions

Abstract A general class of higher-order moments- and spectra-based time-frequency distributions, including Wigner higher-order moment spectra (WHOS), has been defined and studied recently as an extension of bilinear time-frequency representations (TFR) in terms of multilinear (higher than two) moments of the signal. In this paper, the analysis of mono- and multi-component signals is addressed using higher-order TFR. A computationally feasible implementation of the Wigner bispectrum and trispectrum (i.e., WHOS in the third- and fourth-order domains) is proposed considering two-dimensional slices of the time-multifrequency domain of support of WHOS. It is shown that these simplified formulations provide us with information about the evolution of higher-order spectra of a signal with similar resolution and complexity as bilinear TFRs. The problem of cross-terms cancellation is also considered by defining reduced interference distributions as extensions of the Choi-Williams distribution in the fourth-order domain. A simplified implementation, that employs only the principal slice of WHOS, is also proposed for practical purposes.
Conventional radionuclide brain imaging in the era of transmission and emission tomography.

The clinical applications for conventional radionuclide brain imaging have declined considerably since the introduction of newer imaging modalities (computerized cranial tomography [CCT], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]). Currently, conventional brain imaging primarily serves as a complementary test when CCT is negative or equivocal and strong clinical suspicion remains. Selected areas in which radionuclide imaging may be the preferred modality include evaluation of cerebral perfusion in assessment of brain death, detection of early viral encephalitis, evaluation of major venous sinus patency, external marking for localization of intracranial tumor, and in selected cases of suspected subdural hematoma, brain tumor, and cerebrovascular disease. The concept of conventional radionuclide brain imaging will likely undergo considerable change in the near future as newer radiopharmaceuticals are introduced and wider application is made of single photon emmission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Reticulocyte indices in a canine model of nutritional iron deficiency

BACKGROUND Reticulocyte indices, especially reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CH retic), have shown promise as markers of iron deficiency (ID), but there have been no prospective investigations of reticulocyte indices in experimental models of ID. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare reticulocyte indices with conventional hematologic and biochemical indices as markers of ID in dogs. METHODS Iron deficiency was induced in 7 dogs by feeding an iron-deficient diet, and corrected by restoring dietary iron and by giving iron parenterally. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals. Results of hematologic and biochemical tests were compared using t-tests and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Comparing mean values on days 0 and 35, by which time hemoglobin concentration decreased to 90% of baseline in all dogs, % Macro retic, % Hypo retic, % Low CH retic, and % High CH retic differed by greater than 3-fold, whereas no conventional hematologic or biochemical indices differed by as much as 2-fold. Comparing conventional hematologic and reticulocyte indices by ROC curve analysis using 4 different biochemical diagnostic criteria of ID, CH retic, % Hypo retic, % Low CH retic, and % High CH retic had higher areas under the curve (AUC) than either MCV conv or MCHC conv according to all 4 criteria, and % Macro retic and MCV retic had higher AUC values according to 3 of 4 criteria (differences were not always statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study support the value of reticulocyte indices in the diagnosis and monitoring of ID in dogs. Species similarities in the pathophysiology and hematologic manifestations of ID suggest these findings also may be relevant to ID in people.
Canine blastomycosis with ocular involvement.

A case of blastomycosis in a coonhound is described. Characteristic granulomas and organisms were found in the lungs, thoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes, and in both eyes. The ocular lesions were hyalitis, retinitis and optic neuritis, with secondary glaucoma from exudate which extended to the anterior chamber.
Bilateral near-infrared monitoring of the cerebral concentration and oxygenation of hemoglobin during unilateral electro-convulsive therapy

We have measured the changes in the cerebral concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin with near-infrared spectroscopy on the forehead of ten patients undergoing right unilateral electro-convulsive therapy (ECT).
What Do States Do? Politics and Economic History

Although politics has a huge effect on economic outcomes, we still know too little about what public goods states furnish or what determines the laws, regulations, and policies that states adopt. Worse yet, we do not really understand how states arise in the first place and how they gain the ability to tax. There are numerous unanswered questions here that economic historians can profitably work on, and their research will be particularly valuable if they model the politics, gather data on taxation and spending by local and central governments, and pay serious attention to the historical details and to political behavior that may not involve optimization.
Social Support and Dietary Quality in Older African American Public Housing Residents

This study examined the role of social support in influencing dietary quality in older African American public housing residents, specifically investigating individual (age, education, gender, marital status, and living arrangement), social support (help with meals, social network size, frequency of contact, and proximity or distance from network), and dietary factors (number of meals consumed daily, dietary quality). A random sample (n = 80) of public housing residents age 55+ living in a Northeastern community was interviewed. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Given the limited sample size, a SEM path model was developed based on observed associations in correlation and regression analyses. Results show that number of meals, frequency of contact, and proximity significantly influenced dietary quality. However, dietary quality was indirectly influenced by education, marital status, having a housemate, and help ...
Effects of Geometric Characteristics on Head-On Crash Incidence on Two-Lane Roads in Connecticut

Negative binomial generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effects of roadway geometric features on the incidence of head-on crashes on two-lane rural roads in Connecticut. Six hundred fifty-five highway segments-each with a uniform length of 1 km and no intersections with signal or stop control on the major road approaches-were selected for analysis. Head-on crash data were collected for these segments from 1996 through 2001. Variables found to influence the incidence of head-on crashes significantly were speed limit, sum of absolute change rate of horizontal curvature, maximum degree of horizontal curve, and sum of absolute change rate of vertical curvature. Three models were estimated with different combinations of these four variables, and the performance of the models was tested by using Akaike's information criterion. The number of crashes was found to increase with each of these variables except for speed limit. Variables such as lane and shoulder width were not found to be significant f...
A note on the elastic contact stiffness of a layered medium

A perturbation method is used to confirm that the elastic contact stiffness associated with a flat-ended punch indenting a layered medium is insensitive to the cross-section shape of the punch as long as the shape does not differ too much from a circle. This result supports the practice of modeling nonaxisymmetric indenters such as Vickers or Berkovich indenters as an axisymmetric flat-ended cylindrical punch.
Principles of actuation in the muscular system of fish

Over the last 20 years, there have been tremendous intellectual and technological advancements in the fields of muscle biophysics, biomechanics, and musculoskeletal modeling. These advances have fueled a revolution in integrative muscle physiology. Whereas 20 years ago the notion of understanding the function and design of a muscular system from the molecular to the whole animal level was a dream, it is now becoming a reality. Fish represent an exceptional model for understanding the function and design of the muscular system of vertebrates. There are two fundamental reasons for this preeminence. First, the unique anatomical separation of the different muscle fiber types has made fish the most tractable model (i.e., the use and properties of the different muscle fiber types can be most easily studied). Second, fish utilize the broadest range of movement than any vertebrate. This diversity of movement imposes a wide array of challenges on the muscular system of fish and at the same time enables physiologists/biomechanists to observe how these challenges have been met. These features have permitted us to extract a number of general principles of actuation and control that have evolved over millions of years. Rather than summarizing the considerable literature on fish muscle function and fish swimming, this paper will focus narrowly on a relatively few studies that permit us to extract principles of actuation. These principles may in turn provide some insights into the design and construction of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
The δ Subunit of RNA Polymerase Guides Promoter Selectivity and Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus

In Gram-positive bacteria, and particularly the Firmicutes, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) complex contains an additional subunit, termed the δ factor, or RpoE. This enigmatic protein has been studied for more than 30 years for various organisms, but its function is still not well understood. In this study, we investigated its role in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We showed conservation of important structural regions of RpoE in S. aureus and other species and demonstrated binding to core RNAP that is mediated by the β and/or β' subunits. To identify the impact of the δ subunit on transcription, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and observed 191 differentially expressed genes in the rpoE mutant. Ontological analysis revealed, quite strikingly, that many of the downregulated genes were known virulence factors, while several mobile genetic elements (SaPI5 and prophage SA3usa) were strongly upregulated. Phenotypically, the rpoE mutant had decreased accumulation and/or activity of a number of key virulence factors, including alpha toxin, secreted proteases, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). We further observed significantly decreased survival of the mutant in whole human blood, increased phagocytosis by human leukocytes, and impaired virulence in a murine model of infection. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the δ subunit of RNAP is a critical component of the S. aureus transcription machinery and plays an important role during infection.
Cardiac and Vascular Atrogin-1 mRNA Expression is Not Associated with Dexamethasone Efficacy in the Monocrotaline Model of Pulmonary Hypertension

Atrophic signaling elements of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are involved in skeletal muscle wasting as well as pressure overload models of heart failure. In our prior experiments, we demonstrated a transcriptional downregulation of atrophy-inducing vascular E3 ubiquitin ligases in a toxic model of pulmonary hypertension where pulmonary artery and right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy are evident. Given the numerous reports of glucocorticoid activation of the UPS and the negative regulator of muscle mass, myostatin, we investigated the efficacy of dexamethasone to reverse monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension and augment atrogin-1 expression in both pulmonary arteries and myocardium. Dexamethasone caused significant reductions in body weight in combination with MCT. As predicted, MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension was evident by increases in RV systolic pressure, right ventricle to left ventricle plus septal weight ratios (RV/LVS) and arterial remodeling. MCT treatment significantly reduced both RV and PA atrogin-1 expression. Dexamethasone treatment reversed the MCT-induced pathological indices and restored RV atrogin-1 expression, but did not impact atrogin-1 expression in pulmonary arteries. Myostatin was poorly expressed in pulmonary arteries compared to the RV, and dexamethasone treatment increase RV myostatin in controls but not MCT-treated rats. These findings suggest that mechanisms independent of myostatin/atrogin-1 are responsible for glucocorticoid efficacy in this model of pulmonary hypertension.
Effects of bottom-layer hypoxia on spatial distributions and community structure of mesozooplankton in a sub-estuary of Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A

We investigated the response of mesozooplankton to low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Hood Canal, Washington, a seasonally hypoxic sub-estuary of Puget Sound. Depth-stratified zooplankton net tows were conducted above and below the oxycline during day and night in midsummer (July), late summer (September), and early winter (December) 2008 using closing nets. Bottom DO concentrations declined slowly through summer. In July, DO at most stations was low but not hypoxic. By late summer, bottom waters throughout the study area were hypoxic (≤ 2 mg L−1) and were severely hypoxic (< 1 mg L−1) at some stations. In winter, water-column mixing and lower surface primary production resulted in higher DO, although sub-pycnocline hypoxia persisted through December at some locations. Zooplankton abundance decreased from midsummer to winter. The community was dominated by gelatinous zooplankton and copepods. A shift in community structure towards a higher dominance of polychaetes and the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis occurred over the season. Temporal and spatial patterns in zooplankton communities were primarily structured by month and bottom depth. DO played a lesser role in structuring the species composition, but vertical distributions of several taxa changed in response to hypoxia, with a greater proportion of their populations found above the oxycline during both day and night where bottom oxygen was low. However, some taxa were abundant below the oxycline, even at oxygen levels < 0.5 mg L−1; these taxa may have a high tolerance to hypoxia, use low-oxygen regions as a predation refuge, and be useful indicators of poor water-quality conditions.
The catenometer : A reliable device for estimating dental arch perimeter

C orrect alignment of the teeth is a fundamental goal of orthodontic therapy. Thus, the amount of the discrepancy between the total tooth material (mesiodistal widths) present and the dental arch perimeter available to accommodate the teeth is probably the most critical estimate of any of the orthodontic diagnostic procedures. Whereas a cephalometric error of 2 or 3 mm. or 2 or 3 degrees is unlikely to change one’s treatment plan radically, an error of that magnitude in estimating the dental arch perimeter could drastically alter the treatment approach. To date there have been two general approaches used to assess dental arch perimeter discrepancies: (1) visual estimation, which is a subjective judgment based on an observation of the study models, and (2) direct mensuration, which involves measuring the permanent tooth material between the first permanent molars (arch perimeter required) and, with the aid of a measurement, estimating the arch space which is present mesial to the first permanent molars (arch perimeter cillailable), using these figures in the equation below:
Distribution function inequalities for the area integral

Let A be the area integral of a function u harmonic in the Euclidean half-space R n x (0, ∞). Information about the distribution function of a localized version of A is obtained that leads to a general integral inequality between A and the nontangential maximal function of u and provides a convenient approach to the study of the pointwise behavior of u near the boundary. In addition, the general integral inequality of [2] between the nontangential maximal function of u and that of a properly chosen conjugate is shown to hold also in the case n > 1.
Summary by Dr. Christopher Higgins of Session 3: “The Debt Problem and International Financial Markets”

Professor Onitsuka supported Amano’s main conclusion that structural adjustment is the only solution to the external debt problem—that relief measures such as debt and interest forgiveness would not produce significant effects in the Latin American situation. He was concerned, however, that the model being used to address structural adjustment issues was basically of the demand—determined type. He felt that it should be supplemented by an investment—saving balance approach and by distinction between importables, exportables, and nontraded goods, with their relative prices playing an important role. Neglect of the supply side meant that an adjustment program could not be made explicit and had to be left as a “black box,” only being specified in terms of import and export elasticities.
Multimodality Intravascular Imaging to Predict Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to compare the relative merits of optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients with coronary artery disease for the prediction of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI). Background Although several individual intravascular imaging modalities have been employed to predict periprocedural MI, it is unclear which of the imaging tools would best allow prediction of this complication. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 110 patients who underwent OCT, IVUS, and NIRS. Periprocedural MI was defined as a post-procedural cardiac troponin I (cTnI) elevation above 3× the upper limit of normal; analysis was also performed for cTnI ≥5× the upper limit of normal. Results cTnI ≥3× was observed in 10 patients (9%) and 8 patients had cTnI ≥5×. By OCT, minimum cap thickness was significantly lower (55 vs. 90 μm, p Conclusions OCT-based fibrous cap thickness is the most important predictor of periprocedural MI. In the absence of information about cap thickness, NIRS lipid core or IVUS plaque burden best determined the likelihood of the periprocedural event.
3D printed microwave and THz components

Additive manufacturing (AM), or called 3D printing is a technique that has the ability to create products with arbitrary geometry layer by layer automatically from bottom to top. In this work, several AM printed 3D components operating from microwave to THz frequency are introduced. They include electromagnetic crystal (EMXT) based THz waveguide and horn antenna, waveguide to microstrip line transition structure, broadband Luneburg lens antenna, W-band reflector array antenna and 3D printed patch antenna.
WNN-based Fast Event Pattern Detection and Prediction Using Reversed Pattern Tree for Cloud System Reliability Management

Cloud service systems need an efficient and flexible platform to offer services and computational resources to users. However, emergent event detection and prediction for platform reliability management is still an unsolved problem for most cloud service providers, especially for virtualized platforms. Hardware failure, software errors, outside attacks, and mis-actions of virtual machines make cloud platforms unstable and unreliable. In order to avoid critical events affecting reliability, resources, applications, and services can be rescheduled to get around predicted failures and mitigate potential impacts. In a cloud platform, different layers of service execution may generate different types of system events. Events from different layers can affect a system's stability together. Thus, event pattern detection and prediction are especially important for reliability and stability management. In this paper, we propose a framework to detect and predict system critical event patterns from different service types and execution layers using a reversed pattern tree augmented mechanism, so that detection and prediction can speed up. Meanwhile, wavelet neural network is also used to control the balance between prediction accuracy and speed, so that system reliability and stability can be improved. The effectiveness of this framework is tested and confirmed in a real cloud environment.
Photoneutron cross section for He 4

The photoneutron cross section for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ has been measured from threshold up to 47 MeV using monoenergetic photons and a high-pressure gas sample. The results agree with earlier monoenergetic-photon and certain photoneutron time-of-flight (liquid-sample) results at the lower energies, and consequently disagree with the results of other measurements at these energies. At the higher energies, however, the present results are essentially in agreement with all previous results.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{4}\mathrm{He}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n)$; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}})$, 21 to 47 MeV, with monoenergetic photons, $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ neutron detector, high-pressure gas sample; four-nucleon system; isospin mixing; charge asymmetry.
Laboratory Contamination of Surgical Tissue Specimens in the Biological Cabinet

Rare growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci and other skin organisms from tissue specimens collected during total joint replacement may reflect quiescent sepsis. The devastative consequences of such infections may not appear for weeks or months in an untreated patient. A conservative interpretation of a report of rare growth may result in extended hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy for the patient at an exorbitant cost. By initiating a more rigid aseptic technique within the biological cabinet during processing of orthopedic surgical tissue prior to culture, my laboratory significantly reduced the number of rare-growth specimens. These results suggest that some reports of low-level growth from surgical tissue specimens may represent laboratory contamination.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Statistical Reliability in ACS NSQIP Profiling Models.

Objective:To assess statistical reliability of hospital profiling models in ACS NSQIP (American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program).Background:The ACS NSQIP January 2013 Semiannual Report provided risk-adjusted hospital quality assessments for 137 models.Methods:Media
CRT-300.22 Men and Women Have Equivalent Outcomes After Carotid Artery Stenting

Carotid artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischemic strokes. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was introduced as a treatment to prevent stroke in the early 1950s. Carotid stenting (CAS) was introduced as a treatment to prevent stroke in 1994. We have detailed in-depth report of CAS patients. The aim
Formation of C60 clusters via Langevin molecular dynamics.

We examine the formation of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ clusters via a Langevin molecular-dynamics simulation. Our simulation incorporates a carbon interatomic potential which reproduces correctly the binding energy and bond lengths of the stable carbon polymorphs. We find that it is possible to nucleate a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerenelike cluster with no symmetry, or volume imposed constraints from a ``weakly'' interacting ``hot gas'' of carbon atoms. We propose that the growth sequence for ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerene in the initial phase is dominated by the nucleation of long carbon chains. As the nucleation process proceeds, these chains branch and form polycyclic rings. We find an abrupt onset of ring formation at a temperature which corresponds approximately to the melting point of graphite. Also, we propose an annealing technique that expedites the formation of stable clusters.
Confucian Theories of Man and Organization A Book Review Essay

*Chan K. Hahn (Ph.D. Ohio State University) is Assistant Professor of Management at Bowling Green State University. He is an active member of the Academy of Management, AIDS, and NAPM. Warren C. Waterhouse (Ph.D. Northwestern University) is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Management at Bowling Green State University. He is past vice president of SAM University Division, and he also is an active member of the Academy of Management and ASTD.
National Image and Desination Image: Similarity and Difference of Concepts and Possibility of Integration

National image is an important concept in the fields of international business and international marketing.Destination image is an important concept in the field of tourism.They have important strategic value to gain competitive advantages for products and tourism destinations in the increasingly fierce competitive globalized market.Currently,studies on national image and destination market are basically independent.The study,based on the overall retrospect of the latest study progress in these two fields,analyzes sumilarity and difference of their definitions,theoretical foundations,image subjects and objects and image contents.In accordance with the analysis of the relationship between the two images and other social psychologeical variables,the paper puts forward tourist intention model that integrates with these variables and corresponding three propositions so as to provide guidelines for future empirical research.
Experimental Study on the Inactivation Effect of Chlorine Dioxide against Seral HBsAg and HBeAg

Objective To study the inactivation effect of Chlorine Dioxide against seral HBsAg and HbeAg.Methods To test the activity of seral HBsAg and HbeAg with SPRLA method and to test HBV-DNA with PCR method by using neutral dose in experimental groups.Results Chlorine Dioxide solution of 1000mg/L for 5 minuties or the solution of 500mg/L for 10 minuties could destroy seral HBsAg;Chlorine Dioxide solution of 500mg/L for 5 minuties could destroy all seral HbeAg. Conclusion Stablizing the density and working time of Chlorine Dioxide solution is clsely related to the inactivation effect of Chlorine Dioxide against seral HBsAg and HbeAg.HBV-DNA can be completely destroyed because of effective density and working time.
The OLSR Protocol Research Based on Location Prediction

To decrease the effect of the complicated aerial warfare environment and the fast changing topology of the highly dynamic nodes in the UVA(unmanned aerial vehicle) networks,an adaptive optimized link state routing protocol(ALOLSR) was proposed.This protocol used the node location and speed information instead of topology control information in OLSR when GPS information was favored.The nodes in the networks received location and speed of the others by MPR flooding.The routing strategy made full use of GPS information to select stable links.Using the NS3 to simulate the UVA networks,the result shows that ALOLSR achieves better performance in packet delivery radio and delay.
The Route Planning of Standoff Land Missile in Low Altitude Penetration Based on Bayesian Optimization Algorithm

Bayesian optimization algorithm modeling the combing distributing of candidate results with Bayesian network and generate new candidate results according to the distributing.We have gained the best fly paths make use of the Bayesian Optimization based on decision graphics.The simulation example verified that the method was simple and ef- fective algorithm for the kind of optimization question.
Infection in remnant of left ventricular assist device after successful separation from assisted circulation

There have been two long-term and two short-term survivors among 10 patients in our hospital in whom the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted for cardiogenic shock after cardiac operations. Two of these four patients developed graft infection in the LVAD remnants left attached to the ascending aorta and left ventricle; one died of sepsis and the other required repeat operations for a chronic draining sinus and hemorrhage from a left ventricular--cutaneous fistula. This experience with infection and demonstration of the feasibility of total removal of both limbs of the LVAD without cardiopulmonary bypass lead us to recommend complete removal of the LVAD conduits in patients weaned from assisted circulation.
Historian of Foreign Policy

The foundations for Taylor’s writing of diplomatic history were established in his first scholarly book, The Italian Problem in European Diplomacy, in 1934. The theme was the impact of diplomacy upon the European balance of power, and the style was ‘technically old fashioned, straight political narrative’, objective, detached, detailed, and without ‘behavioural sauce’.1 The study was sharp, ironic, and humorous as it concentrated on the thoughts and interactions of diplomats, statesmen and others — the human side of diplomacy. Taylor told a good story emphasising the drama of events, and he asserted that the accidental shared space with the deterministic, in explaining history. The Italian Problem in European Diplomacy was a viable beginning for what would come to be regarded widely as ‘vintage Taylor’.
The 1984 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Election Studies

The concepts that successfully accounted for Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide victory over “extremist” Barry Goldwater in 1964 fail to provide a satisfactory explanation of the magnitude of Ronald Reagan's victory over mainstream candidate Walter Mondale in 1984. Using the 1984 CPS-ISR continuous monitoring study (January-June 1984), this article argues that standard measures of voters' estimates of candidates' personal characteristics, feelings of warmth towards candidates, party identifications, ideological orientations, and socio-economic characteristics appear to be of limited help in accounting for the political changes in the electoral process that most of us sense. The conclusions suggest that a better understanding of these changes might emerge from studies that moved away from reliance on traditional concepts developed from surveys of the general electorate. Researchers instead should focus upon the political elites who run campaigns and develop concepts appropriate to studying the ability of consul...
USE OF VISUAL AIDS IN EFFECTIVE TRAINING1 OF FOOD-SERVICE MANAGEMENT2 IN FOODBORNE DISEASE CONTROL3

Are Missourians any different from people elsewhere in wanting to be shown? I don't think so—they are just a little more frank about demanding visual proof. It is difficult enough to describe many common, everyday objects; If a group is unfamiliar with an object or its use, the difficulty Is compounded. But a picture, a drawing, or the actual object demonstrated readily communicates the thought to an audience. And it is easier to describe familiar things than bacteria, which the audience cannot see, or a concept such as “cleanliness is a way of life.” Visual aids can assist in meeting these communication challenges. Because the effective use of visual aids is such a large subject, I will limit my discussion to the correlation of visual aids to training methods appropriate in training food-service managers.
Community-embedded learning experiences: putting the pedagogy of service-learning to work in online courses

AbstractThis paper considers the applicability and adaptability of service-learning pedagogy to online and distance education teaching environments. More specifically, it looks at the community-embedded learning model (CEL), which asks distance students to conduct service projects in their local communities, as manifested in a project undertaken by online graduate students in the library science programme at Appalachian State University, a mid-sized university in the United States of America. For this assignment, students, who are located throughout the state of North Carolina and surrounding areas, performed service work in libraries located within their own communities and neighbourhoods, coming together to discuss their experiences in regular synchronous course meetings conducted online. In addition to describing this project, this paper will offer analysis of student reflections, describing what students perceived as challenging, important and rewarding about the experience. Through this study, the re...
Astronomical Transient Detection Controlling the False Discovery Rate

Identifying source objects in astronomical observations, in particular with reliable algorithms, is extremely important in large-area surveys. It is of great importance for any source detection algorithm to limit the number of false detections since follow up investigations are timely and costly. In this paper, we consider two new statistical procedures to control the false discovery rate (FDR) for group-dependent data—the two-stage BH method and adaptive two-stage BH method. Motivated by the belief that the spatial dependencies among the hypotheses occur more locally than globally, these procedures test hypotheses in groups that incorporate the local, unknown dependencies. If a group is found significant, further investigation is done to the individual hypotheses within that group. Importantly, these methodologies make no dependence assumption for hypotheses within each group. The properties of the two procedures are examined through simulation studies as well as astronomical source detection data.