cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of sexual arousal of accused child molesters involved in custody disputes

Penile plethysmography was used to examine sexual preferences of individuals accused of child molestation in the course of custody conflicts. Information regarding the alleged offenders, victims, and sex offense was gathered. In comparison to accused offenders who are not engaged in custody disputes, the subjects were more often accused of sexually abusing a younger child who was a biological relative. The source of accusations was usually the mother. Additionally, the custody-dispute subjects were less likely to have a prior criminal history. Penile tumescence data suggested that the subjects involved in custody disputes were less sexually aroused by children than those subjects who were not involved in custody conflicts. However, the results revealed that in both groups a substantial number of subjects responded equally or more to the child stimuli. In sum, the alleged offenders involved in custody disputes appeared less deviant on several measures.
Animal models of working memory: insights for targeting cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Background and rationale Working memory performance is considered to be a core deficit in schizophrenia and the best predictor of social reintegration and propensity for relapse. This cardinal cognitive process is critical for human reasoning and judgment and depends upon the integrity of prefrontal function. Prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia has been linked to altered dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. However, to date, antipsychotics provide no substantial relief from the debilitating cognitive consequences of this disease.
The effective management of mergers

There is a high failure rate of mergers and acquisitions. Most of them fail during the integration process. This article examines the organizational factors that negatively impact the integration process and suggests eight principles to make the integration more effective and successful. The factors discussed are based on empirical findings, literatures, and case studies. The major causes include improper managing and strategy, culture differences, delays in communication, and lack of clear vision. Therefore, the keys to successful integration process are a hands‐on leadership styles, a bias for action, involvement of the entire staff, continuous focus on customers, and most of all, open and honest communication with employees.
Lipid Peroxides Promote Large Rafts: Effects of Excitation of Probes in Fluorescence Microscopy and Electrochemical Reactions during Vesicle Formation

Raft formation and enlargement was investigated in liposomes and supported bilayers prepared from sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol, and unsaturated phospholipids; NBD-DPPE and rhodamine-(DOPE) were employed as fluorescent probes. Rafts were created by lowering temperature. Maintaining 20 mol % SM, fluorescence microscopy showed that, in the absence of photooxidation, large rafts did not form in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing 20 or more mol % cholesterol. But if photooxidation was allowed to proceed, large rafts were readily observed. In population, cuvette experiments, small rafts formed without photooxidation at high cholesterol concentrations. Thus, photooxidation was the cause of raft enlargement during microscopy experiments. Because photooxidation results in peroxidation at lipid double bonds, photosensitization experiments were performed to explicitly produce peroxides of SM and an unsaturated phospholipid. GUVs of high cholesterol content containing the breakdown products of SM-peroxide, but not phospholipid-peroxide, resulted in large rafts after lowering temperature. In addition, GUV production by electroswelling can result in peroxides that cause large raft formation. The use of titanium electrodes eliminates this problem. In conclusion, lipid peroxides and their breakdown products are the cause of large raft formation in GUVs containing biological levels of cholesterol. It is critical that experiments investigating rafts in bilayer membranes avoid the production of peroxides.
A Logistic Regression Model Explaining Recent State Casino Gaming Adoptions

The scholarly literature has argued that state fiscal stress, interstate tax competition, political feasibility, and economic development goals were the main reasons underlying the adoption of casino gaming by several American states. Archival data were collected and analyzed using logistic regression in an attempt to explain why some states have adopted casino gaming and others have not. Four statistically significant predictors of state casino gaming adoptions were discovered: moderate aggregate state ideological identifications, 1990 per capita tax rankings by state, longitudinal changes in state per capita taxes, and longitudinal changes in state job growth. These results suggest that motives related to political feasibility and economic development provide the best explanation of recent state casino gaming adoptions.
International Student Perceptions of Information Needs and Use.

This study examines international student information needs and whether education level, age, and gender affect their information use. An e-mail survey revealed that international students need information that supports their academic courses, and those with higher education levels use databases, remote access to library offerings, and e-journals more frequently.
Obstruction of Left Atrial Filling by a Large Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Detected by Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography

We describe the echocardiographic findings of extrinsic compression of the left atrium by a large aneurysm of the descending aorta. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography demonstrated increased velocity at the junction of left atrium and pulmonary vein suggesting obstruction of left atrial filling.
Na,K-ATPase in skeletal muscle: two populations of beta-spectrin control localization in the sarcolemma but not partitioning between the sarcolemma and the transverse tubules

We used immunological approaches to study the factors controlling the distribution of the Na,K-ATPase in fast twitch skeletal muscle of the rat. Both alpha subunits of the Na,K-ATPase colocalize with beta-spectrin and ankyrin 3 in costameres, structures at the sarcolemma that lie over Z and M-lines and in longitudinal strands. In immunoprecipitates, the alpha1 and alpha2 subunits of the Na,K-ATPase as well as ankyrin 3 associate with beta-spectrin/alpha- fodrin heteromers and with a pool of beta-spectrin at the sarcolemma that does not contain alpha-fodrin. Myofibers of mutant mice lacking beta-spectrin (ja/ja) have a more uniform distribution of both the alpha1 and alpha2 subunits of the Na,K-ATPase in the sarcolemma, supporting the idea that the rectilinear sarcomeric pattern assumed by the Na,K-ATPase in wild-type muscle requires beta-spectrin. The Na,K-ATPase and beta-spectrin are distributed normally in muscle fibers of the nb/nb mouse, which lacks ankyrin 1, suggesting that this isoform of ankyrin is not necessary to link the Na,K-ATPase to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. In immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation experiments, the alpha2 but not the alpha1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase is present in transverse (t-) tubules. The alpha1 subunit of the pump is not detected in increased amounts in the t-tubules of muscle from the ja/ja mouse, however. Our results suggest that the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, including ankyrin 3, concentrates both isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase in costameres, but that it does not play a significant role in restricting the entry of the alpha1 subunit into the t-tubules.
Current Management Decisions in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Efforts toward early detection of Alzheimer disease (AD) have focused on refinement and identification of diagnostic markers, with the goal of preventing or delaying disease progression. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has emerged as a potential precursor to dementia. Though not without controversy, MCI has been associated with an increased risk for conversion to AD. In this article, with emphasis on meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and extant literature reviews, considerations and recommendations for optimal clinical management of MCI are offered. Given the substantial heterogeneity of this patient population and inconsistent research methodologies, the need for informed, clinical judgment is critical.
Molecular marker diversity and field performance in commercial cotton cultivars evaluated in the southwestern USA

Genetic diversity in modern upland cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is thought to be narrow, thus limiting genetic advance. Robust information on the genetic relatedness among currently grown cotton cultivars is lacking. The objectives of the present study were to field test a sample of elite commercial cotton cultivars, including many transgenic cultivars representing the major cottonseed companies, and to evaluate their genetic divergence using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Eighty-eight SSR primer pairs were chosen for genotyping that provided 177 SSRs. Jaccard's genetic similarity coefficients among 24 genotypes ranged from 0.694 to 0.936, with an average of 0.772, indicating that sufficient genetic diversity does exist within our sample of commercial upland cotton. Genetic similarities among cultivars from the same seed companies were generally higher than the mean of all cultivars and grouped into six major groups: two Deltapine (DP), one Stoneville (ST), one FiberMax (FM), and two New Mexico (NM) Acalas. One California Acala cultivar of New Mexico origin, developed by Phytogen (PHY), did not group with New Mexico Acala germplasm. Texas High Plains stripper type cultivars were distant from picker types and formed independent groups. Under New Mexico growing conditions, DP and ST cultivars yielded higher but produced lower fiber quality, while NM Acala cotton had lower yield but higher fiber quality. The PHY and FM cultivars were intermediate in cotton yield and fiber quality. Six SSR markers were identified to be significantly correlated with fiber yield or quality among the cultivars tested, providing impetus to validate the marker-trait associations.
Modèle topologique de la structure d’un antiport vacuolaire de type NHX chez la vigne cultivée (Vitis vinifera)

Mots-cles: antiport NHE, bioinformatique, structure topologique, modification post-traductionnelle, Vitis vinifera. Abstract: After identifying and isolating a grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) NHX vacuolar antiporter and before initializing functional genomic studies, we juged necessary to acquire a minimum of knowledge about the VvNHX1 protein. Thus, we realized a bioinformatic analysis to determine its basic characteristics and to get structural informations that could guide us through the functional characterization. We have determined important physico-chemical parameters (molecular mass, isoelectric point, hydrophobic regions, etc.) and obtained interesting structural data (primary, secondary, and tertiary struc- tures; conserved domains and interaction motives; etc.). The VvNHX1 gene, which encodes this 541 amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 60 kDa, is made of 14 exons and measures 6.5 kb. The amino-acidic composition of this protein is very important, in particular, for the establishment of the a-helix structure, which represents more than 50% of the protein, but also for charge distribution, which generates critical electrostatic interactions for the ionic flux. The sec- ondary structure of VvNHX1 contains multiple transmembrane a-helix segments that are made of hydrophobic amino-acid residues, thus facilitating its insertion in the membrane. Globally, VvNHX1 has one hydrophobic N-terminal region, made of 10 transmembrane segments with 440 amino-acid residues, and one hydrophilic C-terminal region, made of 100 resi- dues. The region located between the fourth and fifth transmembrane segments represents, with its structure mainly heli-
Assessment of segmental myocardial viability using regional 2-dimensional strain echocardiography.

We determined whether 2-dimensional strain echocardiography can identify viable from infarcted myocardium in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model. A total of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 12 or 30 minutes followed by 60-minute reperfusion. Short-axis 2-dimensional strain echocardiography was performed at the midventricle 60 minutes postreperfusion. Postsacrifice, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was infused to the coronary circulation. Regional end-systolic radial and circumferential strain, and time to peak strain, were measured using software in all 96 segments and correlated with areas of infarct in corresponding histologic slices. Segments with greater than 50% area of infarct had lower end-systolic radial and circumferential strain and longer time to peak strain versus areas with 50% or less strain or no infarct. Extent of infarct correlates with radial and circumferential strain. End-systolic radial strain less than 2% has 88% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detecting infarcted area greater than 50%. Two-dimensional strain echocardiography–derived strain is useful in distinguishing infarcted from viable myocardium.
Pressure injection on a valved microdevice for electrophoretic analysis of submicroliter samples.

A recent report describes a reversible valve that can be used in series to achieve diaphragm pumping on chip (Grover, W. H.; Skelley, A. M.; Liu, C. N.; Lagally, E. T.; and Mathies, R. A. Sens. Actuators, B 2003, 89, 315−323). Here, the functionality of an integrated diaphragm pump on a hybrid PDMS−glass microchip to perform pressure injections for electrophoretic separations is demonstrated. A chip design that can perform both pressure and electrokinetic (EK) injection is described, and a mixture of fluorescein and ROX dyes in borate buffer is utilized as a model sample system. Multiple electrophoretic separations of sample injected with pressure and voltage are compared. Over multiple EK injections, an electrophoretic bias is observed and the injected analytes are not representative of the sample, with the peak area ratio changing 20% after 20 runs. Over multiple pressure injections, however, the sample composition is maintained, with a 3.6% CV over 20 runs. The data presented show the ability to altern...
An interpretation of chemical bonding in a molecular orbital wavefunction

Abstract Localized atomic orbitals (LAOs) are atomic hybrid-like orbitals derived from self-consistent-field molecular orbitals (MOs); their directional characters offer a lucid interpretation of localized electronic properties. Electronic populations and energies associated with individual LAOs and pairs of LAOs may be combined to yield the corresponding properties for the localized chemical orbitals (LCOs). These properties are particularly useful for the study of bonded and nonbonded interactions within a molecule. In this paper the ab initio LAO methodology is both reviewed and updated. For the purpose of demonstrating different facets of this methodology, details of deriving LAO (and LCO) populations and energies from a minimal AO basis (STO-3G) are shown for the water (H 2 O) molecule. Preliminary results from extending the minimal to an extended AO basis of split-valence (4-31G) for H 2 O are also reported.
INFECTIVITY OF DNA ISOLATED FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS BACTERIOPHAGE, SP82.

SP82, a newly isolated bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis , is described. SP82 is closely related to SP8, but differs from SP8 in the density of its denatured DNA and in its plating efficiency on B. subtilis strain SB-1. DNA isolated from this phage can be recovered in molecular weight equivalent to the amount contained in a single phage (approximately 130 × 10 6 daltons). DNA of this molecular weight, but not half pieces, is infective in competent B. subtilis . The response of plaque-forming ability to DNA concentration suggests that four whole molecules are required to initiate an infective center. Recombination studies with mixed DNA's of two non-allelic temperature-sensitive mutants confirm the existence of an obligatory co-operative infective process. A second infective procedure that utilizes extracted phage DNA is described. In this system, low concentrations of wild-type DNA are exposed to the cells. At these concentrations the multiple-event nature of phage DNA infection precludes the formation of unaided plaques. However, by subsequently super-infecting the DNA-infected cells with a temperature-sensitive mutant and plating under selective conditions, genetic rescue of the infecting DNA is accomplished and detected. Infective centers elicited by this “marker rescue” phenomenon are directly proportional to DNA concentration. The time of attainment of DNase resistance by phage DNA infective centers that have irreversibly adsorbed DNA can be measured. Phage DNA infective centers require at least 13 minutes to become totally DNase resistant. The reasons for the failure of single phage DNA molecules to carry out an infection are discussed in terms of a specific breakage-reunion model of recombination.
Expression of interleukin 2 and the interleukin 2 receptor in aging rats

Abstract Lymphocytes of aged animals exhibit a marked decrease in proliferative capacity in response to mitogen stimulation when compared to those of younger animals. In humans and mice the decreased proliferation is due at least in part (i) to the inability of lymphocytes to synthesize sufficient interleukin 2 (IL-2) and (ii) to decreased expression of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) on the surface of aged lymphocytes. We compared proliferative abilities, IL-2 production, and IL-2R expression in splenocyte cultures of 4- to 5- and 22- to 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats stimulated with either concanavalin A (Con A) or A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Proliferation was significantly decreased in aged lymphocytes (30–50%) with both treatment protocols. However, unlike mice and humans we observed no difference in IL-2 activity, IL-2 mRNA levels, or IL-2R cell surface expression of lymphocytes from young and aged rats stimulated with either Con A or A23187 and PMA. These results indicate that factors other than decreased expression of IL-2 and IL-2R are responsible for the diminished proliferative capacity of aged rat lymphocytes following mitogen stimulation.
Immigrants and the American Dream: Remaking the Middle Class. By William A. V. Clark

(2005). Immigrants and the American Dream: Remaking the Middle Class. By William A. V. Clark. Economic Geography: Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 233-235.
TonB-independent ferrioxamine B-mediated iron transport in Escherichia coli K12

The TonB protein of Escherichia coli K12 couples the energized state of the cytoplasmic membrane with energy-dependent receptors in the outer membrane. High affinity iron transport mediated by ferric dicitrate, ferrienterobactin, ferriaerobactin, ferrichrome, and coprogen all require a functional tonB protein. However, we have found no difference between the growth rates of tonB+ strains and tonB strains using ferrioxamine B as the sole iron sources. This TonB-independence of FOB transport and earlier results with a photoactive FOB analog indicate a separate mechanism for iron acquisition from FOB in E. coli.
The Extent of Material Hardship and Poverty in the United States

The Census Bureau has estimated the nation's annual poverty rate since 1963 using data from the Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted in March of each year. Census deems a household “poor” if annual income falls below specified income thresholds. There are two problems with this methodology. First, the Current Population Survey dramatically undercounts household economic resources. Second, the fact that household income falls below a specific level reveals little about the nature of material deprivation within the household. This paper will take an alternative approach to assessing poverty: examining the material living conditions of low-income Americans. Using data from various government surveys this paper examines ownership of property and consumer durables; housing space, and housing conditions; food and nutriment consumption; and the height, thinness and obesity of low-income persons. Finally, we attempt an overall assessment of material deprivation based on material living conditions.
Prophylactic and sporontocidal treatment of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum from Malaya.

Abstract The prophylactic and sporontocidal efficacy of standard antimalarials was studied among non-immune adult male volunteers challenged by mosquitoes heavily infected with two strains of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum from Malaya. The Poo. strain from Trengganu broke through in 12 of 15 men receiving chloroquine 300 mg. (base) and primaquine 45 mg. (base) at weekly intervals, whereas 8 weeks of this treatment protected all 3 men challenged with the Tay. strain from Kota Tinggi, Johore State. The Poo. strain broke through in 5 men given amodiaquine base 300 mg. and DDS 300 mg. weekly. Proguanil 200 mg. (2·1–3·2 mg. per kg. body weight) given daily for 8 weeks after challenge provided complete suppression of the Poo. strain in 4 men (and probably a fifth), and also of the Tay. strain in 4 men, nor did parasitaemia develop after completion of the prophylactic course. Pyrimethamine 25 mg. given weekly failed to protect 2 of 3 men challenged with Poo., and the Tay. strain also broke through in both men receiving this regimen. A single dose of 45 mg. (base) of primaquine was gametocytocidal for both strains and, in one case of Poo. infection studied, rendered gametocytes non-infective to an efficient vector mosquito fed on the patient 24 hours later.
Micro-relief development in polygonal patterned ground in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica

Polygonal patterned ground in polar regions of both Earth and Mars has received considerable attention. In comparison with the size, shape, and arrangement of the polygons, the diverse micro-relief and topography (termed here simply “relief”) of polygonal patterned ground have been understudied. And yet, the relief reflects important conditions and processes occurring directly below the ground surface, and it can be observed readily in the field and through remote sensing. Herein, we describe the relief characteristic of the simplest and relatively young form of patterned ground in the Dry Valleys of Antarctic. We also develop a numerical model to examine the generation of relief due to subsurface material being shouldered aside contraction cracks by incremental sand wedges growth, and to down-slope creep of loose granular material on the surface. We model the longterm subsurface deformation of ice-cemented permafrost as a non-linear viscous material. Our modeling is guided and validated using decades of field measurements of surface displacements of the permafrost and relief. This work has implications for assessing the activity of surfaces on Earth and Mars, and much larger scale potential manifestations of incremental wedging in icy material, namely the distinct paired ridges on Europa.
Contrast effects and their relationship to subsequent behavior

Abstract The present study attempted to apply social judgment theories to the effects of context on judgments of the importance of a social issue and on subsequent issue-related behavior. Subjects judged the importance of a target issue (recycling) in the context of either important or unimportant social issues and were subsequently asked in a separate setting for help on a local recycling project. Context produced contrast effects on rating scale judgments of the importance of recycling. These judgments, if salient, were then used as a basis for subsequent support of the recycling project. When either the initial judgment was not salient or no prior judgment of recycling was made, the importance of the context had a positive effect on amount of support for recycling, such that more help was given in the important context conditions. Results indicate that contrast effects on the ratings are response base rather than perceptual in nature, but that the rating, if salient, can serve as subsequent behavior and attitudes.
Antiparallelism of chains in polyglycine II.

POLYGLYCINE II was shown to be a new structural form of polyglycine on the basis of its characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern1 and infra-red spectrum1,2. On the basis of the spacings in the powder diffraction pattern1, Crick and Rich3 proposed a model for this structure consisting of parallel polypeptide chains, each with a three-fold screw axis, packed in a hexagonal array. A slight modification of this structure has recently been suggested4, although the parallel chain characteristic was retained. We wish to draw attention to experimental evidence which requires that antiparallel chains be present in polyglycine II.
Enalapril in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome affecting 1% of the U.S. population. The basic dysfunction, a lack of sufficient blood flow to the periphery, triggers reflex neurohumoral mechanisms that cause systemic vasoconstriction and sodium and water retention as the body attempts to protect vital organs. This, in turn, results in additional work for the failing heart and further deterioration. Vasodilators, in general, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, in particular, interrupt this pathophysiology and improve hemodynamics. Enalapril, a long-acting ACE inhibitor, has been demonstrated to improve New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, maximum oxygen uptake, and exercise tolerance in CHF patients. Data from a recent trial provide evidence that a group of patients with severe CHF who were treated with enalapril showed reduced heart size, reduced need for other heart-failure medication, and reduced mortality.
Patterns of recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in a large population-based cohort

Objective Although a history of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a recognized risk factor for PPH in subsequent pregnancies, little is known about how the risk accumulates over multiple pregnancies, how recurrence varies by PPH subtype, and whether recurrence can be explained by chronic maternal conditions. Study Design Risks of PPH were assessed according to a history of PPH, severity, and subtype (atony, retained placenta, or lacerations) in 538,332 primiparous women whose data were included in the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 1997-2009. The role of stable maternal risk factors was evaluated in regression models that predicted probability of recurrent PPH in second and third pregnancy. Results Women with a history of PPH had a 3-fold increased risk of PPH in their second pregnancy compared with unaffected women (15.0% vs 5.0%, respectively). Adjustment for stable maternal risk factors did not attenuate this risk significantly (adjusted relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.9–3.1). In a third pregnancy, the risk of PPH was 26.6% after 2 previously affected pregnancies, compared with 4.4% in women with no previous PPH. A history of a specific type of PPH predicted recurrence of PPH in the second pregnancy, not only of the same type but other causes as well. Conclusion PPH risk is highest among women with >1 previously affected delivery and in those with a previous severe PPH. Chronic conditions that are known to be risk factors for PPH do not explain the recurrence risks. The recurrence patterns across PPH subtypes may point to shared pathologic mechanisms underlying the varying PPH causes.
Fractal properties of products and projections of measures in d

Borel measures in ℝ d are called fractal if locally at a.e. point their Hausdorff and packing dimensions are identical. It is shown that the product of two fractal measures is fractal and almost all projections of a fractal measure into a lower dimensional subspace are fractal. The results rely on corresponding properties of Borel subsets of ℝ d which we summarize and develop.
Phylogeny and natural history of the primate lentiviruses, SIV and HIV.

Abstract Studies of primate lentivirus phylogeny over the past decade have established a minimum of five related, but genetically distinct, groups of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), each originating from a different African primate species. The hypothesis that HIV-2 (and SIVmac) arose by cross-species transmission from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys has been strengthened by a more detailed characterization of the SIVsm/SIVmac/HIV-2 group of viruses. SIV from all four subspecies of African green monkeys (SIVagm) have been characterized with an apparent chimeric genome structure of SIVagm from west African green monkeys. Although these naturally infected primates remain healthy, cross-species transmission to other primate species may result in immunodeficiency, as caused by SIVsm infection of macaque monkeys (Macaca sp.) and recently, SIVagm infection of pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina). Studies of variation within infected individuals have been facilitated by adaptation of the techniques of heteroduplex analysis and single-stranded conformational polymorphism of PCR generated fragments.
Lateral Momentum Flux in Boundary Currents

Abstract Some simple momentum advection effects are considered in a current aligned with the y axis on whichthere is superimposed a "cross" flow in the x-z plane. The cross flow coupled with horizontal shear in thecurrent tends to generate differences along the vertical in the longshore velocity, while vertical mixingtends to even out such differences. As in the scalar diffusion problem considered by Taylor, a balanceis possible between the two tendencies. The equilibrium velocity distribution may support considerablelateral momentum flux, which, in the case of zero rotation, is directed down the velocity gradient, allowingthe definition of an effective horizontal viscosity. When rotational effects are significant, both the senseand the magnitude of the momentum flux come to depend in a complex way on the total vorticity f + S,where f is Coriolis parameter and S the current shear. Some illustrative examples are calculated for cross flow produced by frictional effects in a boundary current. These show that...
HINDUISM AND SCIENCE: SOME REFLECTIONS

In recent decades scholars in every major religious tradition have been commenting on the relationship between their own tradition and science. The subject in the context of Hinduism is complex because there is no central institutionalized authority to dictate what is acceptable Hindu belief and what is not. This has resulted in a variety of perspectives that are touched upon here. Historical factors in the introduction of modern science in the Hindu world have also influenced the subject. The reflections in this paper are based on these.
Differentiation of human pituitary adenomas determines the pattern of chromogranin/secretogranin messenger ribonucleic acid expression.

The distribution of chromogranin/secretogranin (Cg/Sg) mRNAs, determined by Northern and in situ hybridization, was analyzed in 14 cultured pituitary adenomas characterized by immunohistochemistry and hormone secretion in a defined medium in vitro. There were 5 functional GH adenomas, 1 silent GH adenoma, 7 null cell adenomas, and 1 oncocytoma. The null cell adenomas, oncocytoma, and silent GH adenomas were also analyzed by electron microscopy. Most null cell adenomas and the oncocytoma secreted FSH and LH into the culture medium. GH adenomas, which are examples of well differentiated tumors based on morphological examination, expressed significantly more SgIII mRNA compared to the null cell adenomas and oncocytoma (70 +/- 6% vs. 22 +/- 5%; P < 0.001). GH adenomas also expressed significantly less CgA mRNA compared to the less well differentiated null cell adenomas and oncocytoma (27 +/- 6% vs. 67 +/- 4%; P < 0.001), which could be considered less well differentiated based on ultrastructural morphological...
Parameter estimation in respiratory physiology and anesthesia

System identification as applied to selected areas of respiratory physiology and anesthesiology is described. Studies in gas exchange and in the control of breathing are reported. Reasons for the success of system identification techniques in these areas are that (1) many measurements are inferential, rather than direct, (2) the processes are time-varying and basically linear, (3) there is much experimental data, and (4) important problems can be attacked.
Ad click prediction: a view from the trenches

Predicting ad click-through rates (CTR) is a massive-scale learning problem that is central to the multi-billion dollar online advertising industry. We present a selection of case studies and topics drawn from recent experiments in the setting of a deployed CTR prediction system. These include improvements in the context of traditional supervised learning based on an FTRL-Proximal online learning algorithm (which has excellent sparsity and convergence properties) and the use of per-coordinate learning rates. We also explore some of the challenges that arise in a real-world system that may appear at first to be outside the domain of traditional machine learning research. These include useful tricks for memory savings, methods for assessing and visualizing performance, practical methods for providing confidence estimates for predicted probabilities, calibration methods, and methods for automated management of features. Finally, we also detail several directions that did not turn out to be beneficial for us, despite promising results elsewhere in the literature. The goal of this paper is to highlight the close relationship between theoretical advances and practical engineering in this industrial setting, and to show the depth of challenges that appear when applying traditional machine learning methods in a complex dynamic system.
The Maine music box: a pilot project to create a digital music library

The Maine Music Box is an interactive, multimedia digital music library that enables users to view images of sheet music, scores and cover art, play back audio and video renditions, and manipulate the arrangement of selected pieces by changing the key and instrumentation. In this pilot project the partners are exploring the feasibility and obstacles of combining collections, digital library infrastructure, and technical and pedagogical expertise from different institutions to implement a digital music library and integrate it into Maine's classrooms. This paper describes the methodology for digitizing, processing and providing access to electronic resources owned by two libraries and hosted by another, and the use of those collections to develop an instructional tool keyed to the digital library.
The automatic implantable defibrillator

The automatic implantable defibrillator is an electronic device programmed to monitor the cardiac rhythm continuously, to recognize ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias characterized by sinusoidal waveform, and to deliver corrective difibrillatory discharges when indicated. Three patients suffering from recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmias refractory to medical therapy underwent permanent implantation of this device. Seven episodes of ventricular tachycardia and flutter-fibrillation were documented during the weeks following the implantations; two were induced at electrophysiologic studies and five occurred spontaneously. All were correctly identified and six were automatically reverted to normal sinus rhythm by the implanted device; one induced episode was cardioverted externally before the unit could recycle. Although many problems remain to be solved and the ultimate value of this therapeutic modality has to be determined, a new approach to prevention of sudden death in patients at high risk of developing lethal ventricular arrhythmias has become available.
Sporting activity following kidney transplantation

A postal questionnaire on sporting activity following renal transplantation revealed that most units encouraged participation in the majority of sports, but counselled against contact sports such as rugby football, boxing, and Asian martial arts.
Cell Walls of Crown-Gall Tumors and Embryonic Plant Tissues Lack Agrobacterium Adherence Sites

Crown-gall tumor initiation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is inhibited by cell walls from normal dicotyledonous plants but not by cell walls from crown-gall tumors apparently because of bacterial adherence or nonadherence, respectively, to the different cell walls. Cell walls from normal and tumor tissues in culture also show this difference, indicating that the two types of tissue stably maintain this difference under these conditions. Habituated tissue cultures, which resemble crown-gall tumor cultures, however, form cell walls that are inhibitory like those of the normal cultures from which they are derived. Monocotyledonous plants do not act as hosts for Agrobacterium and bacteria-specific inhibition is not shown by cell walls from several species of grass, a monocot family. Cell wallsfrom "embryonic" tissues (dicot seedlings less than 2 centimeters long), unlike those from older seedlings, are non-inhibitory. Crown-gall tumors thus resemble embryonic tissues in this respect.
Effect of amlodipine and felodipine on sympathetic activity and baroreflex function in normal humans

Baroreflex sensitization and direct sympatholytic effects have been suggested as contributing mechanisms to the effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in hypertension and heart failure. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that either amlodipine or felodipine would decrease norepinephrine levels and enhance cardiac, peripheral vascular, or sympathetic responses to baroreflex perturbation in healthy humans. Six healthy male volunteers aged 21 to 40 participated. Heart rate, forearm blood flow, arterial pressure, and norepinephrine kinetics were assessed in the supine position, after 15 min of 60° head-up tilt, after 15 min of 30° head-down tilt, and after 15 min head-down tilt with phenylephrine infused to raise mean arterial pressure 10 to 15 mm Hg. Studies were conducted double-blind on 3 different days 8 to 12 h after placebo, 5 mg amlodipine, and 10 mg felodipine. Resting heart rate, mean arterial pressure, forearm vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, and norepinephrine spillover were not affected by amlodipine or felodipine. During upright tilt, head-down tilt, and phenylephrine, each variable increased and decreased as expected after placebo. There was no effect of either amlodipine or felodipine on any response to any maneuver. Baseline sympathetic activity as reflected by plasma norepinephrine and norepinephrine spill-over are not altered by either amlodipine or felodipine. Neither drug acutely sensitizes baroreflex function in normal humans over the degree of perturbation produced in these protocols
The effect of smoke age and dilution on the cytotoxicity of sidestream (passive) smoke

Abstract Decreases in the mortality of monolayer cultures of L-929 cells exposed to sidestream (passive) smoke with increases in smoke age and dilution have been reported. In the current study, the concentration of sidestream smoke (SS) to which cells were exposed was directly correlated with % mortality ( r = 0.987) having 0% mortality at a concentration of 1.19% and a calculated mortality of 9562% at a concentration of 100%. The ln of % mortality was correlated with increases in smoke age ( r = −0.9999) and the regression equation was used to calculate 0 mortality at an age of 30 s and 393% mortality at the time of smoke generation. In addition, when sidestream smoke generated from a low-yield, filtered, modern design experimental cigarette was compared with that generated from a high-tar non-filtered reference cigarette, a lower number of puffs of smoke from the low-yield cigarette than from the high tar cigarette was necessary to yield 50% mortality of cells.
The elastic stress field produced by a point force in a cubic crystal

Abstract Fredholm in 1900 gave a solution in principle for the displacements generated by a point force at the origin in an infinite elastic solid. Eshelby in 1955 gave an approximate solution of the dilation for the triple force at the origin with no moment. Eshelby and Leibried gave expressions which converge only when The present calculation uses Fredholm's work to provide a Fourier expansion of displacement which converges for all stable cubic crystals. The convergence of the series giving the displacement due to a point force is very slow for lithium which is on the verge of a phase change Detailed calculations of stress fields have been made for aluminium and copper. It is noted that for Cu a contribution of additional terms besides that given by Eshelby appears in the angular dependence of dilatation for the triple double force but for Al the dilatation is in close agreement with Eshelby's result. The elastic interaction energies of two triple double force interstitials and of two single double for...
Superkids: Short‐Term Group Therapy for Children With Abusive Backgrounds

Many children who are hospitalized have a history of physical or sexual abuse. A short-term therapy group for children with abusive backgrounds, called Superkids, was led by nurse therapists using a combination of active role playing, masks, picture drawing, and discussion. The group was structured and covered five topics over a 2 1/2 week period: shame, anger, fear, trust and love. Clinical observations suggest that the Superkids group structure helps children talk about their feelings and the abuse they have suffered. Through a brief intervention group, members learn they are not alone and that they are accepted by their peers. Language: en
Recognition of who is doing what from the stick model obtained from Kinect

In this demo, authors are going to demonstrate a method of identifying the person and his/her activities such as sitting, standing and walking using the skeleton information (stick model) obtained from Kinect. This set up is deployed in a drawing room for the real-time Television Rating Point (TRP) measurement.
Ultrastructure of cells cultured on polycarbonate membranes.

A method is described for preparing undisturbed cell cultures for both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells were propagated on polycarbonate membranes with pores of 0.2 pm or less. Cultured cells together with their supports were prepared for both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy using routine methods. For transmission electron microscopy a rapid schedule of infiltration and polymerization was used. The method described in this report yielded good results and it allowed the fine structure of cultured cells to be viewed in situ by both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Reading Sources and Reading Spaces in Honduras

Though literacy is often presented as a universal and monolithic achievement, it is in fact context-dependent, and largely dependent upon the kinds of texts available in a particular community. This paper presents an observer’s study of reading in Honduras, focusing particularly on the availability of reading materials and spaces dedicated to reading and literacy practices. Environments studied included bookstores, libraries, schools, and Internet cafes, as well as streets and shops. Reading books was observed to be relatively uncommon and primarily done in an educational context. Other reading materials, including newspapers, magazines, and text messages, were far more commonly used and far better integrated into the Honduran society. My observations suggest that libraries could play an important supporting role in Honduras’ efforts to establish universal literacy.
Evaluating triphasic oral contraceptives: The rationale for a randomized trial

The randomized clinical trial is one of the major achievements of our times. Randomized trials set the standard for scientific rigor. They are medicine's closest approximation to the controlled experiments of the laboratory scientist. These studies prevent selection bias and minimize ascertainment bias. In addition, they are statistically efficient. There have been few randomized clinical trials comparing the metabolic effects and adverse drug experiences of low-dose oral contraceptives. Previous studies conducted with oral contraceptives containing higher doses of estrogen (equivalent to >50 μg of ethinyl estradiol) may not be relevant today when low-dose preparations are more widely used. For this reason a randomized trial was conducted to compare three multiphasic oral contraceptives marketed in the United States.
Vortex photography in liquid helium

Abstract The study of quantized vortex lines has been advanced by the technique of vortex photography. This paper provides an overview of the information which has been acquired thus far from this method. Stationary vortex states are observed which are very similar to those predicted from theory. In addition types of dynamical phenomena are observed, such as collective oscillations and the acceleration dependence of vortex creation.
An apparatus for the measurements of light transmittance of emulsions

This paper describes an apparatus for the measurement of the light transmittance of emulsions. A photoelectric technique was employed to determine the effect of flow rate, mixing time, and dispersed phase concentration on the light transmittance of a liquid-liquid emulsion composed of a commercial petroleum solvent and water. For a given concentration, light transmittance was independent of flow rate and became constant after 10 minutes of mixing in the test apparatus. Light transmittance decreased with solvent (dispersed phase) concentration. Up to 5% solvent concentration, the light transmittance-concentration curve could be used to measure solvent concentration accurately.
Balancing Identity, Motivation, and Internal Dialogue in the Making of Solos: Conquering the High Wire.

This exploratory study emerged out of my interests in dance‐making and phenomenology. In order to develop a portrait of how student dance artists choreograph self‐performed solos, I asked nine graduate student dance‐makers to contribute accounts of their experiences. From my efforts to make meaning of the participants’ experiences, a composite emerged. Her name is Helen; she is a high wire artist, and her story serves as a metaphor for the shared experiences of the nine participating dance artists. I envision Helen confronting her reflection, climbing the ladder, crossing the tight rope, and enjoying the praise of the audience below. Each act stands as a symbol for one of the four emergent themes regarding solo dance‐making: struggles with identity, struggles with motivation, the necessity of internal dialogue, and the need for balance. I conclude the manuscript with a discussion regarding the implications of these findings for dance education and education in other contexts that require complex ‘solo’ work.
Standardized methods for semen evaluation in a multicenter research study.

Semen evaluation methodology is complex and difficult to standardize. Rigorously standardized laboratory protocols and strict quality control (QC) are essential for meaningful comparison of data from multiple sites. We describe the methods used for determination of semen volume, sperm concentration, and percent sperm motility in the Study for Future Families, a multicenter study of semen quality in the United States. Each of these 3 semen parameters was assessed using 2 techniques, which provided the opportunity to compare precision and assess suitability for multicenter studies. Detailed protocols were used, and technicians were centrally trained. A total of 509 semen evaluations were performed. Semen volume measured by weight was greater (P .05), although the collapsed values tended to be higher (58.1% vs 51.6%) and less precise (CV 7.7% vs 4.1%) for the categorical method than for motility determined using the simple method. The data obtained in this study demonstrate the critical need for rigorous standardization of protocols and techniques for multicenter studies.