cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composite two-generator links

Abstract Norwood showed that two-generator knots are prime and provided an example of a composite two-generator link of two components. Here a generalization of a theorem of Norwood shows that certain free products with amalgamation are not generated by any two group elements. This result is used to show that any composite two-generator link has Hopf link summand. The knot summmand is a two-generator knot in which one generator may be chosen to represent the class of a meridian.
Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass during pectus excavatum repair

Pectus excavatum is a chest wall deformity that produces significant cardiopulmonary disability and is typically seen in younger patients. Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum or Nuss procedure has become a widely accepted technique for adult and pediatric patients. Although it is carried out through a thoracoscopic approach, the procedure is associated with a number of potential intraoperative and post-operative complications. We present a case of cardiac perforation requiring emergent cardiopulmonary bypass in a 29-year-old male with Marfan syndrome and previous mitral valve repair undergoing a Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. This case illustrates the importance of vigilance and preparation by the surgeons, anesthesia providers as well as the institution to be prepared with resources to handle the possible complications. This includes available cardiac surgical backup, perfusionist support and adequate blood product availability.
Embolization of Bronchial Artery–supplied Ectopic Parathyroid Adenomas Located in the Aortopulmonary Window

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the aortopulmonary window (APW) are extremely rare, constituting only 1% of ectopic mediastinal adenomas and 0.24% of all parathyroid adenomas. The authors have encountered three patients with ectopic adenomas in the APW. In each case, the primary arterial supply to the APW adenoma arose from the bronchial artery. In addition, there was a small anastomotic arterial channel connecting the bronchial artery supplying the adenoma to the left inferior thyroid. All three adenomas were treated with transcatheter embolization, with control of hyperparathyroidism in two of three patients. One patient required thoracoscopic removal of the adenoma. It is critical that the interventionalist be aware of this arterial supply pattern to allow successful embolization of an APW ectopic adenoma.
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Prolactin Receptors on Mammary Cells in Culture

Mouse mammary epithelial cultures were examined for the ability to specifically bind [125I]PRL after cultivation on floating collagen gels. Corticosterone, particularly hydrocortisone, were effective in increasing the ability of mouse mammary cells to bind [125I]PRL. The absence of a glucocorticoid in the medium resulted in a loss of PRL binding during the 3 days in culture. 17β-Estradiol, progesterone, and aldosterone at equal molar concentration had no or only a small effect in increasing [125I]PRL binding.
Recent advances in the determination of the structure of fatty acids via ozonolysis

Important factors and new techniques in the application of ozonolysis to the localization of double bond positions in unsaturated fatty acids are elaborated. Solvent polarity was shown to exert a profound influence on the yield and composition of ozonides. The influence of fatty acid structure on ozonide formation and the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of ozonides of a number of different types of unsaturated fatty acids are illustrated. Simple methods for the ozonization of unsaturated fatty acid esters and the cleavage of ozonides by reduction and pyrolysis are described. Applications of ozonolysis to the determination of the structures of geometric isomers, hydroxy, epoxy and cyclic olefinic fatty acids, and the localization of radioactivity along the chain of unsaturated fatty acids are illustrated.
A Si MMIC compatible ferroelectric varactor shunt switch for microwave applications

This letter describes a ferroelectric thin-film based varactor shunt switch, for microwave and millimeterwave switching applications. Our implementation is based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line shunted by a ferroelectric varactor. The concept of switching ON and OFF is based on the dielectric tunability of the ferroelectric barium strontium titanium oxide (BST) thin-films. From experimental verification, the isolation of a switch with a varactor area of 75/spl mu/m/sup 2/ was approximately 20dB at 35GHz and the insertion loss was below 4.5dB up to 35GHz. This letter addresses the design and experimental verification of the first ferroelectric varactor shunt switch with an Si monolithic microwave integrated circuit compatible process.
Autologous stem cell regeneration in craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis occurs in one of 2500 live human births and may manifest as craniofacial disfiguration, seizure, and blindness. Craniotomy is performed to reshape skull bones and resect synostosed cranial sutures. We demonstrate for the first time that autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and controlled-released TGFβ3 reduced surgical trauma to localized osteotomy and minimized osteogenesis in a rat craniosynostosis model. Approximately 0.5mL tibial marrow content was aspirated to isolate mononucleated and adherent cells that were characterized as MSCs. Upon resecting the synostosed suture, autologous MSCs in collagen carriers with microencapsulated TGFβ3 (1ng/mL) generated cranial suture analogs characterized as bone–soft tissue–bone interface by quantitative histomorphometric and μCT analyses. Thus, surgical trauma in craniosynostosis can be minimized by a biologically viable implant. We speculate that proportionally larger amounts of human marrow aspirates participate in the healing of craniosynostosis defects in patients. The engineered soft tissue–bone interface may have implications in the repair of tendons, ligaments, periosteum and periodontal ligament.
Development of a Fourfold Multiplexed Opsonophagocytosis Assay for Pneumococcal Antibodies against Additional Serotypes and Discovery of Serological Subtypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20

Opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPAs) are important in vitro surrogate markers of protection in vaccine studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We have previously reported the development of a 4-fold multiplexed OPA (MOPA) for the 13 serotypes in Prevnar 13. Because new conjugate vaccines with increased valence are being developed, we developed 4-fold MOPAs for an additional 13 serotypes: serotypes 6C and 6D, plus the 11 serotypes contained in Pneumovax but not in Prevnar 13. A high level of nonspecific killing (NSK) was observed for three serotypes (10A, 15B, and 33F) in multiple batches of baby rabbit complement. The NSK could be reduced by preadsorbing the complement with encapsulated, as well as unencapsulated, pneumococcal strains. The MOPA results compared well with the results of single-serotype OPA for all serotypes except for serotype 3. For serotype 3, the results obtained from the MOPA format were ~40% higher than those of the single-serotype format. Interassay precision of MOPA was determined with 5 serum samples, and the coefficient of variation was generally 80 mg/liter) PS concentration. This suggests the presence of serologic heterogeneity among serotype 20 strains.
Novel interactions of ESCRT-III with LIP5 and VPS4 and their implications for ESCRT-III disassembly.

The AAA+ ATPase VPS4 plays an essential role in multivesicular body biogenesis and is thought to act by disassembling ESCRT-III complexes. VPS4 oligomerization and ATPase activity are promoted by binding to LIP5. LIP5 also binds to the ESCRT-III like protein CHMP5/hVps60, but how this affects its function remains unclear. Here we confirm that LIP5 binds tightly to CHMP5, but also find that it binds well to additional ESCRT-III proteins including CHMP1B, CHMP2A/hVps2–1, and CHMP3/hVps24 but not CHMP4A/hSnf7–1 or CHMP6/hVps20. LIP5 binds to a different region within CHMP5 than within the other ESCRT-III proteins. In CHMP1B and CHMP2A, its binding site encompasses sequences at the proteins' extreme C-termini that overlap with “MIT interacting motifs” (MIMs) known to bind to VPS4. We find unexpected evidence of a second conserved binding site for VPS4 in CHMP2A and CHMP1B, suggesting that LIP5 and VPS4 may bind simultaneously to these proteins despite the overlap in their primary binding sites. Finally, LIP5 binds preferentially to soluble CHMP5 but instead to polymerized CHMP2A, suggesting that the newly defined interactions between LIP5 and ESCRT-III proteins may be regulated by ESCRT-III conformation. These studies point to a role for direct binding between LIP5 and ESCRT-III proteins that is likely to complement LIP5's previously described ability to regulate VPS4 activity.
Neuropilin2 regulates the guidance of post-crossing spinal commissural axons in a subtype-specific manner

Spinal commissural axons represent a model system for deciphering the molecular logic that regulates the guidance of midline-crossing axons in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Whether the same or specific sets of guidance signals control the navigation of molecularly distinct subtypes of these axons remains an open and largely unexplored question. Although it is well established that post-crossing commissural axons alter their responsiveness to midline-associated guidance cues, our understanding of the repulsive mechanisms that drive the post-crossing segments of these axons away from the midline and whether the underlying guidance systems operate in a commissural axon subtype-specific manner, remains fragmentary at best. Here, we utilize axonally targeted transgenic reporter mice to visualize genetically distinct dorsal interneuron (dI)1 and dI4 commissural axons and show that the repulsive class 3 semaphorin (Sema3) guidance receptor Neuropilin 2 (Npn2), is selectively expressed on the dI1 population and is required for the guidance of post-crossing dI1, but not dI4, axons. Consistent with these observations, the midline-associated Npn2 ligands, Sema3F and Sema3B, promote the collapse of dI1, but not dI4, axon-associated growth cones in vitro. We also identify, for the first time, a discrete GABAergic population of ventral commissural neurons/axons in the embryonic mouse spinal cord that expresses Npn2, and show that Npn2 is required for the proper guidance of their post-crossing axons. Together, our findings indicate that Npn2 is selectively expressed in distinct populations of commissural neurons in both the dorsal and ventral spinal cord, and suggest that Sema3-Npn2 signaling regulates the guidance of post-crossing commissural axons in a population-specific manner.
"BUT MOM, CROP-TOPS ARE CUTE!" SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE, SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND IDEOLOGY CRITIQUE

A study of the science of man is inseparable from an examination of the options between which men must choose. This means that we can speak here not only of error, but of illusion. We speak of ‘illusion’ when we are dealing with something of greater substance than error, [it is] error which in a sense builds a counterfeit reality of its own . . . [Such illusions] are more than errors in this sense: they are sustained by certain practices of which they are constitutive.
mAb Das-1 is specific for high-risk and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)

Objective Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) consists of four epithelial subtypes that correlate with histological grades and risks for malignant transformation. mAb Das-1 is a monoclonal antibody against a colonic epithelial phenotype that is reactive to premalignant conditions of the upper GI tract. We sought to assess the ability of mAb Das-1 to identify IPMN with high risk of malignant transformation. Design mAb Das-1 reactivity was evaluated in 94 patients with IPMNs by immunohistochemistry. Lesional fluid from 38 separate patients with IPMN (n=27), low-grade non-mucinous cystic neoplasms (n=7) and pseudocysts (n=4) was analysed by ELISA and western blot. Results Immunohistochemistry— Normal pancreatic ducts were non-reactive and low-grade gastric-type IPMN (IPMN-G) (1/17) and intermediate-grade IPMN-G (1/23) were minimally reactive with mAb Das-1. In contrast, mAb Das-1 reactivity was significantly higher in high-risk/malignant lesions (p Lesional fluid —Samples from low- and intermediate-grade IPMN-G (n=9), and other low-grade/benign non-mucinous lesions demonstrated little reactivity with mAb Das-1. Conversely, cyst fluid from high-risk/malignant IPMNs (n=18) expressed significantly higher reactivity (p Conclusions mAb Das-1 reacts with high specificity to tissue and cyst fluid from high-risk/malignant IPMNs and thus may help in preoperative clinical risk stratification.
Applications of the boundary element method to large strain large deformation problems of viscoplasticity

AbstractA boundary element formulation for the solution of viscoplasticity problems in the presence of large strains and displacements is presented in this paper. The BEM formulation is based on an appropriate form of Betti's reciprocal theorem together with a time marching scheme using an updated Lagrangian approach. Numerical results are presented for various plane strain and plane stress viscoplasticity problems. Results from the boundary element analysis are compared to those from the finite element analysis with regard to accuracy and computational efficiency.
The integrated roles of longus colli and sternocleidomastoid muscles: An electromyographic study

Using bipolar fine-wire electrodes, we examined the right and left longus colli (LC) and sternocleidomastoideus (StM) muscles electromyographically in ten healthy young adults. Action potentials were recorded on FM magnetic tape and each experiment was also videotaped. The head-neck motions were recorded using a special neck goniometer. The muscles were studied in sitting, supine, prone and lateral positions, both during free movements and against resistance. There was complete inactivity in both muscles in relaxed sitting, normal breathing, deep expiration, and wet and dry swallowing. There was very marked synchronous EMG activity of the LC and StM muscles during resisted forward flexion, marked activity during neck flexion against head weight in the supine position, and during resisted right and left side-bending. Variable activity was found in both muscles during deep breathing, coughing, forceful blowing, loading on top of the head, resisted backward extension, neck holding against head weight in the prone position and in twisting movements downwards and upwards. During free flexion-extension movements, LC and StM act synchronously. During free lateral bending they work homolaterally, but during free rotation to the right, the right LC works with the left StM and vice versa.
Regulatory Roles of the P Domain of the Subtilisin-like Prohormone Convertases

A unique feature of the eukaryotic subtilisin-like proprotein convertases (SPCs) is the presence of an additional highly conserved sequence of approximately 150 residues (P domain) located immediately downstream of the catalytic domain. To study the function of this region, which is required for the production of enzymatically active convertases, we have expressed and characterized various P domain-related mutants and chimeras in HEK293 cells and α-TC1–6 cells. In a series of C-terminal truncations of PC3 (also known as PC1 or SPC3), PC3-Thr594 was identified as the shortest active form, thereby defining the functional C-terminal boundary of the P domain. Substitutions at Thr594 and nearby sites indicated that residues 592–594 are crucial for activity. Chimeric SPC proteins with interchanged P domains demonstrated dramatic changes in several properties. Compared with truncated wild-type PC3 (PC3-Asp616), both PC3/PC2Pd and PC3/FurPd had elevated activity on several synthetic substrates as well as reduced calcium ion dependence, whereas Fur/PC2Pd was only slightly decreased in activity as compared with truncated furin (Fur-Glu583). Of the three active SPC chimeras tested, all had more alkaline pH optima. When PC3/PC2Pd was expressed in α-TC1–6 cells, it accelerated the processing of proglucagon into glicentin and major proglucagon fragment and cleaved major proglucagon fragment to release GLP-1 and tGLP-1, similar to wild-type PC3. Thus, P domain exchanges generated fully active chimeric proteases in several instances but not in all (e.g. PC2/PC3Pd was inactive). The observed property changes indicate a role for the P domain in regulating the stability, calcium dependence, and pH dependence of the convertases.
A Multisite Trial Comparing Two Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 Antigenemia Test Kits, Biotest CMV Brite and Bartels/Argene CMV Antigenemia

A total of 513 blood specimens, predominantly from organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, and bone marrow transplant recipients, were tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) by culture and pp65 antigenemia across four test sites. Peripheral blood leukocytes were examined by using both the Biotest CMV Brite and the Bartels/Argene CMV Antigenemia kits. A total of 109 specimens were positive for CMV, 106 (97%) were positive by antigenemia, and 34 (31%) were positive by culture. According to the manufacturers' instructions, 150,000 cells were applied per slide for the Biotest kit and 200,000 cells per slide for the Bartels kit. A total of 93 specimens (88%) were positive by the Biotest kit, and 86 (81%) were positive by the Bartels kit. In specimens found to be positive by only one kit, the positive cell counts were low (median, 1; range, 1 to 7). When the data from all four sites were combined and analyzed, there was no statistical difference between the performance of the two kits; the Biotest and Bartels kits were found to be equivalent in sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of CMV pp65 antigenemia.
Serum brain natriuretic peptide in children with Kawasaki disease.

METHODS: Forty-three KD children, aged from 5 months to 8 years (mean 2.3±0.6 years ), were admitted to Qingdao Children's Hospital from February 2007 to April 2009. Among them 27 were male, and 16 female. The 43 patients served as a KD group. Patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart diseases were excluded. Thirty healthy children, aged from 3 months to 15 years (mean 2.5±0.8 years) or 17 males and 13 females served as a control group. There were no signifi cant differences in age and gender between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the KD group, ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum BNP in acute and convalescent stages; and in the control group, the levels of serum BNP were measured once randomly. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shorten fraction (LVSF), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular infl ow velocity through the mitral annulus (including E-velocity and A-velocity) were measured by twodimensional echocardiography in the acute and convalescent stages in the KD group. All data were expressed as mean±SD. The methods of analysis included Student's t test and the linear regression analysis test. P 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the BNP level was negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI( r=-0.63, -0.52, -0.53, P 0.05). CONCLUSION: The levels of serum BNP are significantly increased in KD patients, and are negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF, and CI. The detection of serum BNP level is of clinical signifi cance in the diagnosis of KD.
Developing action thresholds for codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with pear ester- and codlemone-baited traps in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption

747 Abstract—Traps baited with either ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) or (E,E)-8,10- dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) (Pherocon ® CM-DA™ and Megalure CM™ lures, respectively) were used to develop action thresholds for codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) orchards treated with sex pheromones for control of this pest. Studies were conducted in 102 orchards treated with 500-1000 ISOMATE ® -C PLUS dispensers per hectare during 2000-2002. Pairs of traps were placed within two 1.0-ha plots within each or- chard. Fruit injury was assessed at mid-season and prior to harvest in each plot. The numbers of female and total moths caught in pear ester-baited traps and male moths caught in codlemone- baited traps were used to develop action thresholds. Thresholds were based on the minimum cu- mulative number of moths per trap in ≥95% of traps in unsprayed plots with no fruit injury. Spe- cific thresholds were established for the first insecticide spray targeting the start of egg hatch and for the first and second moth flights. The proportion of plots with mid-season fruit injury that had cumulative moth catches below the action threshold at first spray and at second moth flight was determined using the established action threshold and thresholds reduced incrementally to ≥1 moth per trap. Moth catches below the threshold at first spray were less common in plots with high levels of fruit injury (>0.3%) than in plots with low levels of fruit injury and more common with codlemone-baited traps than with pear ester-baited traps. An action threshold of ≥ 1m oth in a pear ester-baited trap at first spray eliminated the error in predicting fruit injury in plots at mid- season. Conversely, a high proportion of traps baited with either lure failed to predict low levels of fruit injury at harvest in unsprayed plots regardless of the cumulative moth threshold used dur- ing the second moth flight.
Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Resistant to Attachment of Yersinia Biofilms

The detailed composition and structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans surface are unknown. Previous genetic studies used antibody or lectin binding to identify srf genes that play roles in surface determination. Infection by Microbacterium nematophilum identified bus (bacterially unswollen) genes that also affect surface characteristics. We report that biofilms produced by Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which bind the C. elegans surface predominantly on the head, can be used to identify additional surface-determining genes. A screen for C. elegans mutants with a biofilm absent on the head (Bah) phenotype identified three novel genes: bah-1, bah-2, and bah-3. The bah-1 and bah-2 mutants have slightly fragile cuticles but are neither Srf nor Bus, suggesting that they are specific for surface components involved in biofilm attachment. A bah-3 mutant has normal cuticle integrity, but shows a stage-specific Srf phenotype. The screen produced alleles of five known surface genes: srf-2, srf-3, bus-4, bus-12, and bus-17. For the X-linked bus-17, a paternal effect was observed in biofilm assays.
Ground Array Calibration using Lunar InSAR Imagery

A new technique of phase calibrating the uplink of a ground array consisting of large reflector antennas is studied. The Moon is selected as a calibration target since it falls within the array far-field and avoids the positioning error problem encountered by low-Earth orbit (LEO) calibration targets. As a distributed radar target, the Moon cannot be directly used like point targets. A planetary synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging technique is employed to divide the antenna footprint on the lunar surface into many small pixels. Each array element can form its own SAR image of each pixel and the phase differences (interferograms) among these images can be used to perform phase calibration. Orthogonal pseudonoise (PN) codes are used at different array elements to distinguish their signals at a common receiver. A practical design of the calibration system parameters is illustrated. In order to evaluate the performance of this calibration technique, a high-fidelity 3-D lunar surface profile and scattering model is developed. Simulation results are presented to show the effects of multi-pixel averaging, surface undulation, baseline separation, and image misregistration on the proposed calibration performance.
Sensing of DNA by graphene-on-silicon FET structures at DC and 101 GHz

Abstract A graphene–silicon field-effect transistor (GFET) structure is demonstrated as a detector of single-stranded 13-mer DNA simultaneously at DC and 101 GHz at three different molarities: 0.01, 1.0 and 100 nM. The mechanism for detection at DC is the DNA-induced change in lateral sheet conductance, whereas at 101 GHz it is the change in RF sheet conductance and the resulting effect on the perpendicular beam transmittance through the GFET acting as an optical etalon. For example, after application and drying of the DNA on a GFET film biased to a DC sheet conductance of 2.22 mS, the 1.0 nM solution is found to reduce this by 1.24 mS with a post-detection signal-to-noise ratio of 43 dB, and to increase the transmitted 101-GHz signal from 0.828 to 0.907 mV (arbitrary units) with a post-detection signal-to-noise ratio of 36 dB. The increase in transmittance is consistent with a drop of the 101-GHz sheet conductance, but not as much drop as the DC value. Excellent sensitivity is also achieved with the 0.01-nm solution, yielding a DC SNR of 41 dB and a 101-GHz SNR of 23 dB.
From Segregation to School Finance: The Legal Context for Language Rights in the United States.

I this chapter, I review the legal trajectory of language rights in public schooling in the United States and how language has been intertwined with other policy issues in court cases aimed at expanding access and equity for minority students: desegregation and school finance. Most of these cases originated in the Southwestern United States where there were and continue to be critical masses of Latino students— largely Spanish speakers of Mexican descent—attending public schools. As an organizing frame for the chapter, I expand Ruiz’s (1984) framework for analyzing orientations1 in language policy. My goal is to document and analyze the assumptions in legal arguments marshaled in these cases about how English language learners (ELLs) attending public schools should learn and be taught English and how students’ home languages fit into those processes.2 I focus on the legal opinions issued by federal and state courts because although courts do not create policy, they play an important role in the policymaking process (Bosworth, 2001; Horowitz, 1977). Courts can reject a policy by declaring it unconstitutional and set the parameters for policymaking by legislatures. Likewise, when courts rebuff plaintiffs’ claims, they uphold and often reinforce the status quo. Moreover, as critical race theorists have observed, legal decisions play an important cultural role in legitimizing and institutionalizing racial inequality. Language, like race, has been an important marker of social status and is a significant aspect of individuals’ social identities (Lippi-Green, 2011; Perea, 1992). Language is also a key medium for participation in social settings (Rodriguez, 2006). Language and race are not interchangeable, but the legal framework for language rights in the United States was an extension of civil rights era policies aimed at addressing racial discrimination
Photophysical and Morphological Implications of Single-Strand Conjugated Polymer Folding in Solution

Organic semiconductors have garnered substantial interest in optoelectronics, but their device performances exhibit strong dependencies on material crystallinity and packing. In an effort to understand the interactions dictating the morphological and photophysical properties of a high-performing photovoltaic polymer, PTB7, a series of short oligomers and low molecular weight polymers of PTB7 were synthesized. Chain-length dependent optical studies of these oligomers demonstrate that PTB7’s low-energy visible absorption is largely due to self-aggregation-induced ordering, rather than in-chain charge transfer, as previously thought. By examining molecular weight and concentration dependent optical properties, supplemented by molecular dynamics simulations, we attribute polymeric PTB7’s unique midgap fluorescence and concentration independent absorption spectrum to an interplay between low molecular weight unaggregated strands and high-molecular weight self-aggregated (folded) strands. Specifically, we propo...
Ca2+ sparks are initiated by Ca2+ entry in embryonic mouse skeletal muscle and decrease in frequency postnatally

“Spontaneous” Ca2+ sparks and ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) expression are readily detected in embryonic mammalian skeletal muscle but not in adult mammalian muscle, which rarely exhibits Ca2+ s...
Study on Quality Control of Pantethine Granule

OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standard of pantethine granule.METHODS Pantethine was determined in pantethine granule by HPLC.The chromatographic system consisted of Inertsil C18 column and mobile phase of MeOH-H2O(45∶55).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detective wavelength was at 210 nm.The related substances in pantethine granule were detected by TLC.The plates covered with silica gel G were developed in a solvent system of water-saturated butanone and colored with iodine vapor.RESULTS The calibration cruve was linear in the range of 313~492 μg·mL-1(n=5).The method was proved to be repeatable with RSD 0.6%(n=6).The spots on TLC plates were clear without interference in the blank reference.The detection limit was 0.6μg.Three batches of sample were analyzed and the pantethine contents were 98.9%~99.5% of the labelled amount,and the related substances were less than 2.0%.CONCLUSION The method is proved to be accurate and reliable,and could be used for the quality control of this preparation.
Spin Nernst effect of magnons in collinear antiferromagnets

In a collinear antiferromagnet with easy-axis anisotropy, symmetry guarantees that the spin wave modes are doubly degenerate. The two modes carry opposite spin angular momentum and exhibit opposite chirality. Using a honeycomb antiferromagnet in the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, we show that a longitudinal temperature gradient can drive the two modes to opposite transverse directions, realizing a spin Nernst effect of magnons with vanishing thermal Hall current. We find that magnons around the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point and the $K$ point contribute oppositely to the transverse spin transport, and their competition leads to a sign change of the spin Nernst coefficient at finite temperature. Possible material candidates are discussed.
AC Electrokinetics and the Dynamics of Diffuse Charge

Equilibrium models of the EDL (Chapter 9) assume that the ion distribution is in equilibrium and use a Boltzmann statistical description to predict ion distributions. The equilibrium assumption is appropriate for the EDL at an electrically insulating surface such as glass or most polymers, because the ion distribution processes are typically fast relative to the phenomena that change the boundary condition ϕ 0 (e.g., surface adsorption or changes in electrolyte concentration or pH). In this chapter, we address the dynamics of diffuse charge. We focus primarily on the formation of thin double layers at electrodes with attention to the dynamics of doublelayer formation and equilibration. Unlike for the double layer formed at the surface of an insulator, the double-layer equilibration at an electrode (owing to the potential applied at that electrode) is not necessarily fast compared with the variation of the voltage at the electrode – high-frequency voltage sources can vary rapidly compared with double-layer equilibration. Thus the dynamic aspects of double-layer equilibration are critically pertinent. A full continuum description of these phenomena comes from the Poisson, Nernst–Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations combined with boundary conditions describing electrode kinetics. Because such analysis is daunting, we approximate the problem as that of predicting surface electroosmosis with time-dependent electrokinetic potentials, and use 1D models of the EDL to form equivalent circuits that can be used to model the temporal response of ϕ 0 .
Heterojunction detectors from UV to IR

Heterojunction detectors used as free-carrier and intervalence band detectors for a wide wavelength region are presented. Using a well-studied III–V system of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs to cover a wide wavelength range from UV to far-infrared (THz) is an important development in detector technology. Using the intervalence band (heavy hole, light hole and split off) transitions for high operating temperature detection of mid Infrared radiation is discussed. A promising new way to extend the detection wavelength threshold beyond the standard threshold connected with the energy gap in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs system is also presented.
Abstract IA19: Mechanisms of alternative telomere recombination

Telomere length maintenance is a requisite feature of cellular immortalization and a hallmark of human cancer. While most human cancers express telomerase activity, approximately 10-15% employ a recombination-dependent telomere maintenance pathway known as Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT), an incompletely understood process that is characterized by multi-telomere clusters. We have recently shown that a DNA double-strand break (DSB) response at ALT telomeres triggers long-range movement and clustering between chromosome termini, resulting in homology-directed telomere synthesis (Cho et. al. Cell 2014). Damaged telomeres initiate increased random surveillance of nuclear volumes before displaying rapid directional movement and association with recipient telomeres over micron-range distances. This phenomenon required Rad51 and the Hop2-Mnd1 heterodimer, implicating a specialized homology searching mechanism that exhibits similarities to meiotic recombination in ALT dependent telomere maintenance. This presentation will describe unpublished data that defines signaling events that are responsible for homology directed telomere synthesis during ALT. Using a novel methodology to purify nascent telomeres, we have identified the basic requirements for break induced telomere synthesis, including the specific DNA polymerases and helicases involved. Data derived from this approach reveals mechanisms of homology directed DNA synthesis that substantially differ from either normal replicative DNA synthesis or from existing models of break induced replication that have been defined in yeast. These data reveal an ordered series of events necessary for ALT telomere synthesis and have implications for homology directed DNA repair at other genomic locations. This work was supported by NIH grants GM101149, CA138835, and CA17494, and funds from the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Basser Research Center for BRCA Citation Format: Roger A. Greenberg. Mechanisms of alternative telomere recombination. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Parametric amplification in quasi-PT symmetric coupled waveguide structures

The concept of non-Hermitian parametric amplification was recently proposed as a means to achieve an efficient energy conversion throughout the process of nonlinear three wave mixing in the absence of phase matching. Here we investigate this effect in a waveguide coupler arrangement whose characteristics are tailored to introduce passive PT symmetry only for the idler component. By means of analytical solutions and numerical analysis, we demonstrate the utility of these novel schemes and obtain the optimal design conditions for these devices.
A qualitative study to identify reasons for Clostridium difficile testing in pediatric inpatients receiving laxatives or stool softeners

To understand why clinicians send Clostridium difficile tests from hospitalized children receiving laxatives or stool softeners, we performed a mixed-methods study. We prospectively identified tested patients and surveyed their clinicians by e-mail. Reasons for testing included changes in stooling pattern on baseline bowel regimen, other changes in clinical status, and risk factors for C difficile infection. Education targeting discontinuing bowel medications before C difficile testing could improve the specificity of pediatric C difficile infection diagnosis.
The effectiveness of a head-heart-hands model for natural and environmental science learning in urban schools

Abstract We describe an environmental and natural science program called Nurture thru Nature (NtN) that seeks to improve mathematics and science performance of students in disadvantaged communities, and to increase student interest in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers. The program draws conceptual guidance from the Head-Heart-Hands model that informs the current educational movement to foster environmental understanding and sustainability. Employing an experimental design and data from seven cohorts of students, we find some promising, albeit preliminary, indications that the program can increase students’ science knowledge and grades in mathematics, science and language arts. We discuss the special adaptations that environmental and sustainability education programs need to incorporate if they are to be successful in today’s resource depleted urban schools.
THE APPLICATION OF MASS SPECTROMETRY TO THE STUDY OF SURFACES BY SPUTTERING

High intensity ion sources, based on the oscillating electron beam principle, have been developed and used with a mass spectrometer to study the sputtering process. Atomic and molecular particles, neutral as well as charged, have been found. They are typical of the solid, of impurities, and of adsorbed gases. Since the particles have initial kinetic energies of a few eV, mass analysis in a simple momentum filter is feasible. On a limited scale, the detection of surface impurities is possible.
Technological Resource Leveraging and the Internationalisation of New Ventures

A growing body of research on international entrepreneurship suggests that new ventures have succeeded in entering international markets by creatively exploiting their tangible and intangible technological resources. Using the resource-based view of the firm, this paper explores the impact of leveraging selected tangible and intangible technological resources on the speed and degree of sales internationalisation among US software new ventures. Even though R&D investments are not significant predictors of the speed or degree of sales internationalisation, technological networks and technological reputations are. The interactions of networks and reputation with R&D spending are also positively and significantly associated with higher sales internationalisation. Technological networks also interact positively with R&D spending to expedite sales internationalisation, but the interaction of these investments with technological reputations is not significant. The results show that intangible technological resources play an important role in the internationalisation of software new ventures' sales. The implications of the findings for future international entrepreneurship research are discussed.
The Two Pioneers of Research on Creative Giftedness: Calvin W. Taylor and E. Paul Torrance

This chapter reviews research on creative giftedness conducted by Calvin Taylor and Paul Torrance. Taylor and Torrance realized that (1) IQ alone does not measure the qualities required to be truly gifted and (2) lifetime success and outstanding achievements do not correlate with academic success. This chapter explores the divergent paths they took to discover that outstanding success requires a unique set of qualities that make up creative giftedness. Taylor used his biographical inventories and Torrance used his famous tests of creative thinking. Both believed that the qualities necessary for success, e.g., creativity, could be taught. Ultimately, Taylor devised the Multiple Talent Teaching Programs to identify and enhance creative talents. Torrance devised the Future Problem Solving Program and the Incubation Model of Teaching, a three-dimensional curriculum model with the goal of encouraging children’s inherent curiosity. Their work was instrumental in expanding the definition of giftedness beyond IQ and academic success. They included creative giftedness, which is necessary for outstanding lifetime success.
Surface markers define human lymphoid malignancies with differing prognoses.

The lymphocyte is perhaps a unique cell in human biology because of the remarkable alterations in appearance and metabolic activity that result when activation occurs following antigenic stimulation (7). The activated lymphocyte has many of the metabolic and morphologic features generally observed in malignant cells. Because of these rapid and dramatic changes in appearance and activity as the cell changes from benign to belligerent, it is not surprising that a number of traps exist for individuals studying lymphoid diseases, and especially malignancies, with the microscope. Willis summarized the problem when he stated that “nowhere in pathology has a chaos of names so clouded clear concepts as in the subject of lymphoid tumors” (16). A new approach to the analysis of lymphoid malignancies was suggested by observations indicating the subsets of normal lymphocytes bear specific membrane-surface markers (7). In the past several years a significant body of evidence has been collected indicating that the surface phenotypes of normal lymphocytes are frequently retained in malignancies of lymphoid cells (9). The surface characteristics of human lymphoid malignancies as studied in our institution are the subject of this report.
Movement in German Poems

When asked to contribute observations on the phenomenology of poetry, I chose the aspect which has struck me more than any other: movement. I sought translations of the examples I planned to use and two of my American students hurried to rescue my own English versions from the impossible — and I made a surprising discovery: both translators as well as students showed little feeling for poetic rhythm. Evidently, I was going to explore new territory alone, explaining poetic rhythm and movement to more readers than I had anticipated. Consequently, my intention to use poems in which movement in form demonstrated movement in content seemed all the more justified. However, there will also be more subtle examples.
Towards a Black-Box Solver for Finite Games: Computing All Equilibria With Gambit and PHCpack

This paper describes a new implementation of an algorithm to find all isolated Nash equilibria in a finite strategic game. The implementation uses the game theory software package Gambit to generate systems of polynomial equations which are necessary conditions for a Nash equilibrium, and polyhedral homotopy continuation via the package PHCpack to compute solutions to the systems. Numerical experiments to characterize the performance of the implementation are reported. In addition, the current and future roles of support enumeration methods in the context of methods for computing Nash equilibria are discussed.
Theorems and Proofs: Existence, Non-Existence and Symmetry

Most of the perturbative and numerical conclusions in this book are formal results. That is to say, algorithms have been applied with self-consistency checks, but without rigorous proof that the methods either converge or are asymptotic. The gratifying agreement between a multiplicity of different methods strongly suggests that this formal analysis gives true answers. However, the mathematical landscape is strewn with mines. The theorem/lemma methods of pure mathematics are very useful in clearing the minefields.
The Raw and the Cooked: The French Meal, or its Transubstantiation as Intangible Cultural Heritage

In 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage. In 2010, the French meal was added to the list. Directed at process, expression, gesture, intangible heritage a...
Optimizing Early Childhood Potential for All: Pursuing Holism in Measurement, Policy, and Practice

This chapter advocates the use of holistic measurement to both track and enhance progress towards SDG 4.2. Early childhood requires a more multi-faceted lens than other sectors, necessitating multi-dimensional assessment, policies and solutions. Because the pre-primary education field is comprised of a variety of public and private actors in many countries, rigorous evidence offers a route to facilitating dialogue about quality and efficacy. Emerging key points are (i) Holism in measurement helps ensure supports for academic and non-academic skills to inform practice and policy that promotes optimization of children’s development; (ii) Rigorous holistic assessment alongside home environment information can test solutions to ensuring access and quality early childhood opportunities for all children; and (iii) Development of context-specific rigorous, holistic evidence drives local collaboration, policy and practice.
Overtrust of Robots in High-Risk Scenarios

From personal robot assistant to self-driving vehicles, artificial intelligence (AI) is the backbone underlying millions of future advanced applications. As robots become increasingly pervasive in daily life, it is expected that robots will augment human laborers in many domains in the near future. When robots are deployed in the real world, the underlying assumption is that they are capable of accomplishing their given tasks. However, researchers have shown that robots made mistakes, and in several cases, humans tend to overtrust robotic systems (Abney 2017; Borenstein et al. 2017; Robinette, Howard, and Wagner 2017). Overtrust of a robot happens in scenarios where (1) a person accepts risk because that person believes the robot can perform a function that it cannot or (2) the person accepts too much risk because the expectation is that the system will mitigate the risk." (Abney 2017). In particular, we are interested in two emerging domains where an appropriate amount of trust is a minimal requirement and overtrust could cause harm: 1) healthcare scenarios and 2) self-driving car (i.e. autonomous driving) scenarios. Both healthcare and autonomous driving scenarios often involve high risks, and the negative outcomes could be detrimental to the user. The objective of our research focuses on 1) investigating the causes that contribute to human overtrust of these robots systems 2) developing a behavior-based computational model to predict overtrust, and 3) developing techniques to mitigate outcomes caused by the overtrust.
Ten Key Management Messages from the Bhagavad Gita

Going over the background of the creation of Bhagavad Gita and how adroitly it covers the most important aspects of the contemporary organizational work such as knowledge (gyana), duty (kartavya), karma, dhyana (meditation), and yoga, this chapter gives ten major messages of the Gita that the managers of contemporary organizations could use to bring a new, more humane, more effective, and productive style and practice of management. These messages focus on karma, leadership, knowledge, conquering mind, how to succeed, no extrinsic controls, human gunas (personalities), looking for opportunities, not be looking for work to be assigned, and the one aggregate message. For each message, the key verse or verses have been included in the original with their interpretations and emphasis on the practice of the message in real world organizations. Many copies of the Bhagavad Gita and interpretations of many very learned scholars of Sanskrit, Indian philosophy and the Bhagavad Gita have been scanned to bring them to you in this chapter. It is an integration of what is so charming in the Bhagavad Gita.