cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hand2 Regulates Epithelial Formation during Myocardial Differentiation

Myocardial differentiation is initiated by the activation of terminal-differentiation gene expression within a subset of cells in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. We have previously shown that shortly after this activation, myocardial cells undergo epithelial maturation [1], suggesting that myocardial differentiation encompasses both molecular and cellular changes. To address the question of how the molecular programs driving myocardial gene expression and the formation of the myocardial epithelium are integrated, we analyzed the role of two essential myocardial terminal-differentiation factors, Hand2 and Gata5, in myocardial epithelia formation. hand2 and gata5 mutants exhibit a much-reduced number of myocardial cells and defects in myocardial gene expression [2, 3]. We find that the few myocardial precursors that are present in hand2 mutants do not polarize. In contrast, embryos with reduced Gata5 function exhibit polarized myocardial epithelia despite a similar reduction in myocardial precursor number, indicating that proper cell number is not required for epithelial formation. Taken together, these results indicate that Hand2 is uniquely required for myocardial polarization, a previously unappreciated role for this critical transcription factor. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that two independent processes, the polarization of myocardial precursors and the allocation of proper cell number, contribute to myocardial development.
Semi-Supervised Frame-Semantic Parsing for Unknown Predicates

We describe a new approach to disambiguating semantic frames evoked by lexical predicates previously unseen in a lexicon or annotated data. Our approach makes use of large amounts of unlabeled data in a graph-based semi-supervised learning framework. We construct a large graph where vertices correspond to potential predicates and use label propagation to learn possible semantic frames for new ones. The label-propagated graph is used within a frame-semantic parser and, for unknown predicates, results in over 15% absolute improvement in frame identification accuracy and over 13% absolute improvement in full frame-semantic parsing F1 score on a blind test set, over a state-of-the-art supervised baseline.
Extraversion, social support processes, and stress.

This study was designed to determine the role extraversion plays in influencing the utilization of social support and how this support might then subsequently influence extraverts' and introverts' differential experience of stress. Ninety-nine undergraduate introductory psychology students served as participants in the study. Participants were administered questionnaires that assessed level of extraversion, perceived available support, enacted support, social network characteristics, and stress, as measured by daily hassles. Results of the study revealed positive correlations between extraversion and perceived availability of support (Belonging and Tangible), enacted support (Directive Guidance, Nondirective Support, Positive Social Interaction, Tangible Assistance), and social network characteristics (network size and contact with network members). Extraversion was also positively correlated with stress. Results of path analyses suggested that perceived availability of support, in particular Belonging support, might mediate the relationship between extraversion and stress.
Modeling Secure Connectivity of Self-Organized Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) offer communications over a shared wireless channel without any pre-existing infrastructure. Forming peer-to-peer security associations in self-organized WANETs is more challenging than in conventional networks due to the lack of central authorities. In this paper, we propose a generic model to evaluate the relationship of connectivity, memory size, communication overhead and security in fully self-organized WANETs. Based on some reasonable assumptions on node deployment and mobility, we show that when the average number of authenticated neighbors of each node is Theta(1), with respect to the network size n, most of the nodes can be securely connected, forming a connected secure backbone, i.e., the secure network percolates. This connected secure backbone can be utilized to break routing-security dependency loop, and provide enough derived secure links connecting isolated nodes with the secure backbone in a multi-hop fashion, which leads to the secure connectivity of the whole network.
Biogenesis of the L-N, β-dimethylleucine residue of etamycin†

Radioactive labeling experiments have shown that radioactivity from L-leucine-U-14C is incorporated into the L-N, β-dimethylleucine residue of the antibiotic etamycin, and that the N-methyl and β-methyl groups of this latter amino acid appear to be derived from L-methionine.
Effects of carbon capture on the performance of an advanced coal-based integrated gasification fuel cell system:

Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) power plants combining gasification and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies are very promising for highly efficient and environmentally friendly power...
Physically-aware exploitation of component reuse in a partially reconfigurable architecture

The major drawback of partial dynamic reconfiguration is the reconfiguration delay overhead. To reduce the reconfiguration bitstream between two consecutive implementations, design components are reused. However, this incurs additional physical constraints to design which can lead to unroutability and congestion in design. In this paper, we propose a physically-aware component reuse strategy. We propose a floorplanning algorithm to support two-dimensional partial reconfiguration. The proposed floorplanning tool enables a wide design space exploration for component reuse. Key features are selection of the fixed modules, location of the fixed modules, mapping to the fixed modules, and interconnect planning between the fixed and reconfigurable modules. We implemented a sequence of dataflow graphs on Xilinx Virtex 4 devices using our tool for component reuse. When reuse is exploited, the experimental results report more than 50% reduction in the number of reconfiguration frames compared to the flow during which component reuse is not applied. Our proposed floorplan-aware matching technique (to map the modules to fixed components) can reduce the reconfiguration frames by 10% on average compared to dependencybased matching algorithm. In addition, we show that by different placement of the modules for two consecutive tasks, the variation in the number of reconfiguration frames can be between 25%- 60% or it may even lead to unroutability of the circuits. The results imply that there is a need to tune the physical design tools for minimizing runtime reconfiguration delay overhead.
Oxygen Evolution During MnO‐Mn3O4 Dissolution in a Borosilicate Melt

Foam evolution during dissolution of MnO-Mn3O4 pellets and powders in borosilicate glass was recorded photographically. The pellets were placed horizontally in transparent crucibles, covered with molten glass, and held at 1150°C. If the Mn3O4 content in pellets was more than 31 wt%, they developed foam after an initial foamless period. The length of the foamless period decreased and the duration of foaming increased as the Mn3O4 content increased. Batches prepared from MnO-Mn3O4 powders and frit, and soaked at 1150°C, foamed without an initial foamless period. The foam developed and collapsed before the set temperature was established within the melt and rose to a higher level than foam produced by pellets. Thermogravimetry of batches heated in 1 atm (∼105 Pa) of O2 shows oxidation at 400° to 600°C followed by mass loss due to volatilization and oxygen evolution.
Site of infection rather than vancomycin MIC predicts vancomycin treatment failure in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Background: Therapeutic use of vancomycin is characterized by decreased susceptibilities and increasing reports of clinical failures. Few studies have examined the clinical outcomes of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia treated with vancomycin. The primary objective was to compare clinical outcomes of patients with MRSA bacteraemia treated according to standard of care practices. Methods: Patients were included if: (i) admitted to University of New Mexico Hospital between 2002 and 2009; (ii) ≥18 years of age; (iii) had one blood culture positive for MRSA; and (iv) received vancomycin. Clinical outcomes were defined as cure, failure (relapse of infection 30 days after completion of therapy, death or change in therapy) or unevaluable. Patient demographics, source of bacteraemia, treatment regimen, and microbiological characteristics were determined. Results: Two hundred patients with MRSA bacteraemia were included. Sixty-one patients were unevaluable, leaving 139 patients for the final analysis. Seventy-two (51.8%) patients were cured and 67 (48.2%) experienced vancomycin failure. Vancomycin MIC90 was 2 mg/L for both groups by Etest. Patients with endocarditis (P ¼0.02) or pneumonia (P ¼0.02) were more likely to fail therapy. Panton‐Valentine leucocidin, loss of agr functionality and strain type were not predictors of outcomes in this study. Conclusions: High failure rates were observed in patients with MRSA bacteraemia treated with vancomycin, despite high vancomycin troughs and low rates of nephrotoxicity. Predictors of vancomycin failure included endocarditis and pneumonia. In these situations, vancomycin provides suboptimal therapy.
Using a Standard Rubric to Promote High Standards, Fairness, Student Motivation, and Assessment for Learning

This article describes the implementation of a standard scoring rubric to assess the quality of student assignments and projects across eight undergraduate and graduate level university courses, as well as the results of an exploratory action research study of the effectiveness of the rubric. The rubric included a 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4 points, with a score of “3” serving as the fulcrum, representing the instructional goal, and a score of “4” representing work that goes beyond level 3 performance. Results indicate that the rubric supported this goal by promoting clear expectations, good feedback and progress monitoring, and student motivation.
Clinical Experience with a Collagen-Impregnated Knitted Dacron Vascular Graft

This report describes our first clinical experience with collagen-impregnated Dacron grafts in the aortic position. Fifty-four consecutive patients (43 men and 11 women), average age 67.5 years (44-84), received 11 tube grafts and 23 bifurcated grafts for abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement, 17 bifurcated grafts for aortic occlusive disease, two grafts for aortic pseudoaneurysm, and one graft for thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. No preclotting maneuvers were used and there was no blood leak from the fabric upon restoration of blood flow, in spite of the use of systemic heparin. The hospital transfusion rate averaged 1.2 units in patients with occlusive disease and 2.7 units in patients undergoing aneurysm resection, which were similar to the transfusion rate in patients receiving standard knitted grafts prior to this study. There were two postoperative deaths from a myocardial infarction and a cerebral hemorrhage and no perioperative thromboembolic events. During a follow-up averaging 41.5 months (26-59), there were two late graft limb thromboses secondary to outflow disease progression. One patient died of aspiration two months postoperatively. Four patients died secondary to cardiac disease in at 13 and 21 months with functioning grafts. The rest of the patients are alive with functioning grafts. We conclude that the collagen-impregnated Dacron graft obviates the need for preclotting maneuvers because of a zero functional porosity.
A Comparison of Variable Time‐Compressed Speech and Normal Rate Speech Based on Time Spent and Performance in a Course Taught by Self‐Instructional Methods

The study was to determine whether sighted college students in a self-instructional course would learn more, and save time learning, while listening to tapes on variable rate controlled speech (VRCS) compressors as compared with listening to the same tapes on normal speed (NS) tape recorders. Time was mechanically recorded, and achievement was measured using on-line-computer-administered post-tests. Both the control group and the experimental group each consisted of 45 randomly selected students. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were performed on post-tests of seven different taped modules and on mean time spent listening by both groups. Students who used VRCS compressors had an average time saving of 32 per cent and an average grade increase of 4.2 points on post-test scores.
External Validity of “Trivial” Experiments: The Case of Laboratory Aggression:

The external validity of artificial "trivial" laboratory settings is examined. Past views emphasizing generalizability of relations among conceptual variables are reviewed and affirmed. One major implication of typical challenges to the external validity of laboratory research is tested with aggression research: If laboratory research is low in external validity, then laboratory studies should fail to detect relations among variables that are correlated with aggression in "real-world" studies. Meta-analysis was used to examine 5 situational variables (provocation, violent media, alcohol, anonymity, hot temperature) and 3 individual difference variables (sex, Type A personality, trait aggressiveness) in real-world and laboratory aggression studies. Results strongly supported the extemal validity of trivial laboratory studies. Advice is given on how scholars might handle occasional descrepancies between laboratory and real-world findings.
Application of debond length measurements to examine the mechanics of fiber pushout

Abstract The interface failure sequence was observed during fiber pushout tests on several model composites. Composites with varying fiber-to-matrix moduli ratio (Ef\Em), sample lengths, interface bond strength, and processing residual stresses were tested to determine which composites would debond from the top and which from the bottom. The present pushout experiments combined with previous work in the literature indicate that only composites with an Ef\Em ratio greater than four tend to debond from the bottom during pushout testing, and debonding tends to initiate at the top of the interface when the Ef\Em ratio is less than three. The debond length as a function of force and displacement was also measured in a polariscope for two of the model composites—steel\epoxy and polyester\epoxy. The pushout data from a polyester\epoxy system that debonded from the top was fit to a shear lag solution of the fiber pushout problem to obtain the mode II toughness (GIIc) of the fiber–matrix interface. The resulting interface toughness was then used to check the predicted debond length as a function of pushout force. The debond length calculated from the shear lag model was less than the measured debond length by a nearly constant 1.5 fiber radii.
Analysis, control and augmentation of microcantilever deflections in bio-sensing systems

The main causes for the deflection of microcantilevers embedded in micromechanical biodetection systems are investigated. The primary deflection due to the chemical reaction between the analyte molecules and the receptor coating, which produces surface stresses on the receptor side is analyzed. Oscillating flow conditions, which are the main source of turbulence, are found to produce substantial deflections at relatively large frequency of turbulence. Bimaterial effects influencing the microcantilever deflections are established analytically, and found to be prominent at a relatively low frequency of turbulence. In the absence of bimaterial effects, turbulence increases the deflection due to chemical reactions at relatively large frequency of turbulence yet it increases the noise due to the increased dynamical effects of the flow on the microcantilever. The mechanical design and optimization of piezoresistive cantilevers for detecting changes in surface stress via finite element analysis is also discussed. The introduction of stress concentration regions (SCR) during cantilever fabrication greatly enhances the detection sensitivity. Biosensing experiments based on resonance frequency shift are presented, which show that the results strongly depend on the interaction of specific analytes with the receptor surface. Finally, novel microcantilever assemblies are presented for the first time that can increase the deflection due to chemical reaction while decreasing those due to flow dynamical effects.
Further Evidence for Na/NH, Exchange in Marine Teleost Fish

1. 1. Four species of marine teleosts were shown to possess an external-NH4-inhibited Na uptake from 1 mM-NaCl solutions. The inhibition was not due to changes in the transepithelial potential. 2. 2. Injection of 2 μM-NH4/g fish stimulated Na uptake by Opsanus beta and also stimulated ammonia efflux, 50% of which was dependent upon external Na. 3. 3. The ammonia efflux from three species was partially dependent upon external Na. 4. 4. Na/NH4 exchange in O. beta could be reversed so that 22Na efflux could be stimulated by the addition of 200 mM-NH4 to the external solution. 5. 5. These studies show clearly that marine teleosts possess an Na/NH4 exchange system in sea water which results in a net influx of Na into the fish.
Flow visualization with a model side-to-end proximal anastomosis

A new system for visualizing the steady flow of a new type of blood analog fluid in a model side-to-end proximal anastomosis is presented. Photographic results indicate a "figure eight" flow pattern occurs in the occluded distal artery section. This flow pattern affects the flow field entering the model graft section and may help explain why proximal graft junctions are less likely to clot than distal junctions. >
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondria

SUMMARY Fatty acids of mitochrondria from hearts and livers of fresh-water and marine fish, marine birds, fur seal, and from sweet potato have been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Cytochrome patterns, determined from difference spectra, were similar for all animal species ; the quantities of cytochromes varied slightly, heart mitochondria yielding higher values than the liver mitochondria in each species. Fish mitochondria showed a slightly lower cytochrome content than bird and mammalian mitochondria, while sweet potato particles contained very little cytochrome. Fatty acid patterns and degree of unsaturation were similar in mitochondria from fish and from fish-eating birds and seals. Major differences found in fatty acid patterns included: absence of detectable linoleic acid in liver mitochondria from sturgeon and flounder; absence of detectable arachidonic acid in mitochondria from sweet potato; a four-fold greater percentage of stearic acid and a four-fold greater percentage of combined linoleic-arachidonic acids in bird and seal mitochondria compared with those found in fish mitochondria; high levels of the ZinoZemte family of acids in fish mitochondria and intermediate levels in marine bird and seal mitochondria as compared to the high levels of the linoleate family of acids that have been found in rat liver, chicken liver, and beef heart mitochondria.
An Investigation of the Knowledge and Beliefs Held by Teachers and Parents in a Parochial School System Regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Variables that Predict their Knowledge

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS HELD BY TEACHERS AND PARENTS IN A PAROCHIAL SCHOOL SYSTEM REGARDING ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND THE VARIABLES THAT PREDICT THEIR KNOWLEDGE by Kendra-Lee Yvonne Pearman Chair: Rudolph Bailey ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH DissertationOF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University School of Education Title: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS HELD BY TEACHERS AND PARENTS IN A PAROCHIAL SCHOOL SYSTEM REGARDING ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND THE VARIABLES THAT PREDICT THEIR KNOWLEDGE Name of researcher: Kendra-Lee Yvonne Pearman Name and degree of faculty chair: Rudolph Bailey, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2009 Problem Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders affecting 3 to 5% of school populations in the United States and other countries. Due to the behavioral and/or academic challenges of children with ADHD, they are at risk for grade retention, dropping out of high school, and teenage delinquency, which can lead to negative consequences in society. Children with ADHD are found in every school setting, including parochial schools. Past studies have found teachers and parents have inadequate knowledge about ADHD, which can negatively affect these children. This study investigated what teachers and parents of children in a parochial school system know and believe about ADHD and what predicts their knowledge. Method A four-section questionnaire was compiled for this study to investigate the knowledge and beliefs of a convenience sample of 76 regular education teachers and 373 parents in a parochial school system. Questionnaires consisted of knowledge and belief statements, demographic questions, and experience with/exposure to ADHD questions. Descriptive statistics assessed knowledge and belief scores; one-way ANOVA and chisquare analyzed differences between teachers’ and parents’ knowledge and beliefs, and Categorical Regression investigated important contributors to knowledge of ADHD. Results Teachers and parents of children in a parochial school system have inadequate knowledge regarding ADHD, but they have positive beliefs in many areas of ADHD. They also believe some of the myths associated with ADHD. Demographic variables and experience with ADHD contributed to teachers’ knowledge regarding ADHD, while exposure to information about ADHD possibly contributed to teachers’ knowledge. Exposure to information about ADHD and experience with an ADHD variable contributed to parents’ knowledge regarding ADHD. Both groups believe they would benefit from additional training and information about ADHD.
High-Resolution Deformation Measurement System for Fast Rotating Tires

This paper presents a high-resolution measurement system for fast-rotating tires. The developed system is compatible with and can be integrated with the tire testing machines used in industry research facilities. A field programmable gate array controller with a high clock rate triggers a short duration strobe flash capturing a clear instant image of a rotating tire based on an encoder reference signal. Since the rotation of a tire on a testing machine is periodic, the system can effectively capture the deformation of a rotating tire at a high equivalent sampling frequency. The Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS)-based high-resolution low-cost system can be employed to measure tire deformation associated with sound generation. This was implemented by synchronously measuring sound with a microphone array. The validity of the developed system was investigated by experimental evaluation. Then, the system was implemented at the tire testing facility, and tested by rotating a tire at a drum speed up to 100 km/h and capturing images at every 0.025 degree rotation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Rib Osteoperiosteal Grafts

A preliminary report of our experiences with autogenous rib osteoperiosteal grafts is presented. Based on the results of treatment in over fifty cases it is our opinion that rib osteoperiosteal autografts, due to their active osteogenic properties, small size, flexibility, case of procurement, and decreased donor-site morbidity, are advantageous in the treatment of certain fresh and ununited fractures when bone-grafting is indicated.
Nucleotide Dynamics at the A-Site Cleft in the Peptidyltransferase Center of H. marismortui 50S Ribosomal Subunits.

Resistance mutations to antibiotics targeting rRNA can be far from the drug-binding site. Crystallography studies revealed that the antibiotic resistance mutation G2482A (G2447A in E. coli) in Haloarcula marismortui 50S ribosomes does not directly contact the drug or introduce changes to the ribosomal structure except for losing a potassium ion coordinated to a base triple at the drug-binding site. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we tested hypotheses regarding the effects of the G2482A mutation and ion coordination on the conformational dynamics of the 50S ribosome. Simulations show that the mutation enhances conformational fluctuation at the antibiotic binding site, weakens the hydrogen-bonding network, and increases flexibility at the 50S peptidyl transferase center (PTC). Our data supports the view that distant mutations can perturb the dynamic network in the ribosomal PTC, thereby raising the entropic cost of antibiotic binding. These results underscore the importance of considering conformation...
Fluting Folsom Projectile Points: Archeological Evidence

Two tools, one made of elk antler and the other made from a bison metatarsal, were recovered in an in situ Folsom component and are believed to have been used in removal of Channel flakes from Fols...
Phase behavior of CO2 + biopolymer and CO2 + fluoropolymer systems

Abstract CO 2 + polymer phase behavior is of interest in a number of applications, including the precipitation of polymer particles for drug delivery and the deposition of fluoropolymer films. There is experimental evidence to suggest that CO 2 forms weak complexes with carbonyl groups in these polymers, and it has also been suggested that specific interactions between CO 2 and the lone pair of electrons on fluorine in a C–F bond contribute to the high solubility of CO 2 in these fluropolymers. In the present work, therefore, we have quantified the strength of weak complexes in CO 2 + poly(lactide- co -glycolide) (PLGA) systems using in situ FTIR spectroscopy; and calculated cloud points in these systems using the measured FTIR spectra combined with a modified lattice model. We demonstrate that this model is able to predict the phase behavior of CO 2 + PLGA copolymer systems using only one parameter obtained from a reference system (CO 2 + low molecular weight PLA in our case). Finally, we have extended the model to the calculation of phase behavior in CO 2 + poly(fluroalkyl acrylate) systems, and show that the results may be used to infer the existence of weak CO 2 –C–F complexes in these systems.
The Molluscicidal Effect of Ammonium Bicarbonate Powdery Sprinkling by Earth Covered with Black Plastic Mulch

Objective The study was conducted to observe the molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate powdery sprinkling with different dosage as well as whether weeding is implemented.Methods Twelve sections of ditch were selected as pilot sites,in which 6 were weeded whileothers were not.Each section was powdery sprinkled with ammonium bicarbonate of different dosage(0,100,200,300,400,500 g/m2)and then the earth was covered with black plastic mulch.The molluscicidal effect was observed in 10,20,30,60,90,180 days after the experiment.Also needed is to observe the molluscicidal effect of snails in the surface layer of the soil in 20 days.Results No matter if weeding was taken place,the mortality and the reduce rates of density of snails remain unchanged.The mortality was 92.55-100% and the reduced rates of density of snails was 90.61-100% in10-180 days if the dosage of 100 g/m2.And with the dosage of 200 g/m2,the rate was 95.92-100% and 93.27-100%.Over 300 g/m2 the indices could be 100%.Ammonia concentration reached 1 614-9 150 mg/m3 in 2 hours.Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of ammonium bicarbonate powdery sprinkling by earth covered with black plastic mulch was perfect.Whether weeding is implemented did not mater.The best effect occurred when ammonium bicarbonate was perfect.Weeding or not did not mater.The best method was 300 g/m2 in 10-20 days without weeding.
Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between Rice Grain Chalkiness and Root Activity at Grain-Filling Stage

Field and pot experiments were conducted by using indica rice varieties with different chalkiness.There were significant differences in root activity among the used materials.Both the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with root activity expressed as α-naphthylamine oxidation ability(NOA) per gram of fresh root(NOA_(fw)),NOA per spikelet(NOA_(grn)),or NOA per sink capacity(NOA_(sink)).The NOA_(sink) was more closely related to chalkiness than NOA_(fw) and NOA_(grn) when varieties differing greatly in panicle size and grain weight.Application of NO_3~——N fertilizer at heading resulted in higher root activity and reduction of chalkiness.While application of 30 mg/L NaN_(3)(respiration inhibitor) resulted in reduced root activity and increased chalkiness for GD9501 with more chalky grains,whereas increased root activity and reduced chalkiness for Qinliu′ai with less chalky grains.The chalky grain rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with root activity at 10 days after heading under different chemical treatments(r=-0.8567~* and r=(-0.9211~(**),) respectively).
Editorial: Do human tumors show a chromosome pattern specific for each etiologic agent?

A hypothesis is presented proposing a specific relationship between chromosomes and etiologic agents of various tumors. The postulates are based largely on data obtained from animal experiments. However, human data now available suggest that chromosome abnormalities in many diseases of man are not random. (PCS)
Temporal stability of stated preferences for endangered species protection from choice experiments

Abstract Benefit transfer methods rely on past models and results, so it is important to know whether economic values are stable over time or are subject to change, either because of the reliability of the methodology or due to actual preference changes. The temporal stability of willingness to pay (WTP) has been tested extensively for contingent valuation, but rarely for stated preference choice experiments (CE). We use data from two identical CE surveys on different samples from the same population that occurred 17 months apart (Spring 2009 and Fall 2010) to estimate and compare mean WTP and preference parameters associated with threatened and endangered marine species protection. Our models account for both preference and scale heterogeneity, and the results suggest both types of heterogeneity matter. Tests of preference stability suggest stable preferences between 2009 and 2010. Furthermore, WTP values estimated from both surveys are not statistically different. This provides evidence that economic values estimated using CE methods are temporally stable.
Vehicle detection in aerial images using multiscale structure enhancement and symmetry

Accurate detection and localization of vehicles in aerial images has a wide range of applications including urban planning, military reconnaissance, visual surveillance, and realtime traffic management. Automated detection of vehicles in aerial imagery is a challenging task, due to the density of vehicles on the road, the complexity of the surrounding environment in urban areas, and low spatial resolution of the image sensor array. We propose an automated method for detecting vehicles of varying sizes in low-resolution aerial imagery. First, we develop a new vehicle enhancement filter involving multiscale Hessian analysis. After thresholding, we refine the candidate vehicle detections based on analysis of bilateral symmetry. We show that our proposed method provides improved detection accuracy compared with existing vehicle detection algorithms for various low-resolution aerial images.
Attenuating the alcohol allure: attentional broadening reduces rapid motivational response to alcohol pictures.

Past research has found that exposure to alcohol cues causes a narrowing of attentional scope and enhances the neural responses associated with approach motivation. The current research sought to determine if a manipulated broadened (global) attentional scope would reduce approach-motivated neural reactivity to alcohol pictures. In the current study, participants (n = 82) were exposed to alcohol and neutral pictures following either a global or local attentional scope manipulation. Early motivated attentional processing was assessed using the N1 event-related potential (ERP), a neurophysiological marker of rapid motivated attention. A global attentional scope reduced N1 amplitudes to alcohol pictures as compared to a local attentional scope. Self-reported binge drinking related to larger N1 amplitudes to alcohol pictures, but not to neutral pictures. Individuals with greater binge drinking experience demonstrated increased rapid motivated attentional processing to alcohol pictures. These results suggest that enhancing a global (vs. local) attentional scope attenuates rapid motivated attentional processing of alcohol pictures in comparison to neutral pictures.
Sexual Health Research Among Youth Representing Minority Populations: To Waive or Not to Waive Parental Consent

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly burden youth 13–24 years of age in the United States. Directly engaging youth in sexual health research is a public health priority and urgently needed to develop targeted, youth-friendly, and culturally relevant HIV/STI prevention interventions. Controversies arise, however, regarding informed assent and consent, parental permission or consent, and the definition of “child”/“minor” as it relates to medical, legal, and ethical issues. In this article, we describe challenges in the human subjects review processes that were undertaken before beginning an HIV/STI prevention research project with sexually active youth in an urban setting. These findings provide important contextual information to facilitate youth sexual health research and care, and Institutional Review Board approval processes with fewer delays.
Enhancing Antibiotic Stewardship Team (AST) Efforts in Decreasing Inappropriate Vancomycin Usage in Neutropenic Fever (NF) Patients through Unit Based Pharmacist Intervention.

AbstractBackgroundThe Infectious Diseases Society of America and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend adding vancomycin to the empiric treatment of NF in patients meeting specific criteria. After 48 hours, the guidelines recommend discontinuing vancomycin if resistant Gram-positive organisms are not identified. An analysis of vancomycin use for NF at our institution revealed 35% of patients had vancomycin discontinued appropriately at 48 hours. Based on these results, a vancomycin stewardship team defined criteria for continuation of vancomycin past 48 hours and increased surveillance of vancomycin usage through AST oversight. The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of vancomycin discontinuation at 48 hours with the new criteria of use and the addition of pharmacist led stewardship.MethodsThis study included NF patients who were treated with an antipseudomonal β-lactam and vancomycin from January to April 2017. Criteria for vancomycin continuation beyond 48 hours included culture-documented Gram-positive infection, positive Methicillin Resistant S.aureus (MRSA) nasal swab with evidence of pneumonia, or hemodynamic instability due to septic shock. Patients who received aztreonam, or a single dose of vancomycin were excluded. Patient characteristics, previous MRSA infection, MRSA nasal swab collection and results, culture results, fever status, duration of vancomycin, rationale for continuation of vancomycin past 48 hours, re-initiation of vancomycin, and AST recommendations were collected.ResultsSixty-nine patients with 73 admissions were initiated on vancomycin for NF during the study period. Vancomycin was appropriately discontinued in 63% (46/73) compared with 35% (19/54) previously. An additional 8% (6/73) was discontinued between 48 and 72 hours, and 20% (15/73) was continued past 72 hours inappropriately. The most common reasons for continuation was lack of neutrophil recovery (5) and cellulitis (4). AST recommended discontinuation on 5 patients, all of which were accepted.ConclusionEstablishing criteria for vancomycin use along with pharmacist led antibiotic surveillance, AST, and provider education improved the use of vancomycin with the discontinuation rate increasing from 35% to 63%.(P = 0.002)Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
UDP: a programmable accelerator for extract-transform-load workloads and more

Big data analytic applications give rise to large-scale extract-transformload (ETL) as a fundamental step to transform new data into a native representation. ETL workloads pose significant performance challenges on conventional architectures, so we propose the design of the unstructured data processor (UDP), a software programmable accelerator that includes multi-way dispatch, variable-size symbol support, flexible-source dispatch (stream buffer and scalar registers), and memory addressing to accelerate ETL kernels both for current and novel future encoding and compression. Specifically, UDP excels at branch-intensive and symbol and pattern-oriented workloads, and can offload them from CPUs. To evaluate UDP, we use a broad set of data processing workloads inspired by ETL, but broad enough to also apply to query execution, stream processing, and intrusion detection/monitoring. A single UDP accelerates these data processing tasks 20-fold (geometric mean, largest increase from 0.4 GB/s to 40 GB/s) and performance per watt by a geomean of 1,900-fold. UDP ASIC implementation in 28nm CMOS shows UDP logic area of 3.82mm2 (8.69mm2 with 1MB local memory), and logic power of 0.149W (0.864W with 1MB local memory); both much smaller than a single core. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Extraction, transformation and loading; • Computer systems organization → Parallel architectures; • Hardware → Application specific processors; • Theory of computation → Pattern matching;
Magnesioferrites for solar thermochemical fuel production

Abstract Solid solutions of iron oxide in MgO, prepared using the solid state reaction method (SSR), were investigated for solar thermochemical water splitting/carbon dioxide splitting (STC-WS/CDS). Experimental results show that 20 mole% magnetite (Fe3O4) in MgO has a hydrogen (H2) production capacity of 6.12 ± 0.22 cm3 g−1total material when thermally reduced at 1450 °C (Tred) under an inert environment and oxidized at 1200 °C (Tox) with excess steam. This compares favorably with cerium dioxide (CeO2), which has proven to be an excellent STC-WS/CDS material, with H2 production 2.91 ± 0.15 cm3 g−1total material at Tred = 1450 °C and Tox = 1200 °C, and 4.34 ± 0.2 cm3 g−1total material at Tred = 1500 °C and Tox = 1200 °C. 20 mole% Fe3O4 in MgO has advantages of lower operating temperature and higher production capacity. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) during thermal reduction is on the order of 10−4 atm, which can be achieved using existing industrial vacuum pump technology. These advantages make this material a viable option for further study in solar thermochemical fuel production applications.
Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) do not abandon their chosen nest site in response to a single visit by a nest predator

ABSTRACT We investigated whether visual cues of a nest predator at the nest site prior to the completion of nest building would induce Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) to abandon their nesting attempt and switch to another box 10 m away. Upon detecting the onset of nest building in one of the paired boxes, we presented the birds with either a visual predator cue (a rubber black rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) or a visual control cue (a model Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) on the active nest box for 15 min and recorded the responses of the resident pair of bluebirds. We returned 1 week later to determine whether the presentation of the snake or cardinal resulted in no change, a switch to the other box, or abandonment of the box pair. Although the bluebirds seemed to respond more negatively to the model snake, we found no significant difference in their propensity to abandon the box pair (vs. remain in one of the paired boxes). We found a similar majority of bluebirds continued to nest in the...
Comprehensive Psychosocial Treatment

A psychosocial orientation to assessment and treatment of people called schizophrenics is shared by nearly all participants of this conference—more for some than for others. For me, the “psycho” component of “psychosocial orientation” reflects assumptions that the particular excesses or deficits in cognitive and ideational, emotional, or motoric behavior of focus are those that are traditionally referred to as psychological, rather than physical or biological. Similarly, the “social” component reflects the importance of the social environment as the context in which: (a) most of the relevant activity occurs, (b) the appropriateness or inappropriateness of functioning is defined, and (c) changes in conditions may be expected to produce changes in behavior. From a psychosocial orientation, nearly any clinical intervention outside of surgery, shock, and chemotherapy could be considered “psychotherapeutic.”
Environmental Risk Perception and Valuation: Conventional Versus Prospective Reference Theory

The definition of the commodity is a central issue in modeling people’s choices in the presence of uncertainty. To appreciate why, we need to consider the modeling strategy inherent in virtually all microeconomic descriptions of people’s values for commodities. Using tradeoffs to infer values is usually the first idea introduced in describing individual behavior with microeconomics. A commodity’s value is measured by how much of some other good a person will give up to get more of the defined commodity. This concept is, of course, the essence of a marginal rate of substitution.
Electrical Resistance Ratio of Chromel-P Wire between 4.2° and 600°K

The measurement and control of the temperature of experimental apparatus in cryogenic environments has been widely explored [1]. Problems in such measurement and control by thermoelectric and thermal resistance effects are receiving constant attention. However, the application of Chromel-P vs. constantan thermocouples to cryogenic temperature measurement and control has not become widespread. The reason for this limited usage is not clear, especially since the sensitivity and potential [1, 2, 3] for this thermocouple system are higher than for the more popular copper vs. constantan thermocouple system. Furthermore, the use of low-thermal-conductivity Chromel-P [3] wire, instead of copper wire, would reduce heat leaks into cryogenic systems.
Toward Optical Networks using Rapid Amplified Multi-Wavelength Photonic Switches

We report on efforts to develop optical and electrically packaged photonic switch modules in monolithically integrated CMOS technology and to interface these modules with an FPGA-based control plane facilitating reconfiguration in tens of nanoseconds.
A Review of: “Toxic Tourism: Rhetorics of Pollution, Travel, and Environmental Justice, by Phaedra Pezzullo”

The subject of Phaedra Pezzullo's book, Toxic Tourism, concerns the use of the toxic tour as a performative re-definition of tours and tourism. The book examines the ways in which environmental jus...
Algae and Clay Water Additives Differentially Impact Survival and Microbial Community Structure in Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) Rearing Tanks

Algae, or “greenwater,” is a traditional water additive used in finfish aquaculture, but is associated with high costs and potentially harmful bacterial growth. “Claywater,” a mix of clay and seawater, has been explored as a replacement for greenwater. In some fish species, however, claywater reduces survival rates, but the mechanisms are not understood. A link between water additive and microbial community composition may exist. In this study, the effects of different water additives on the microbial communities of larval sablefish were studied. Three treatments were evaluated: a traditional greenwater additive, a claywater additive, and a greenwater additive switched to claywater after one week. Microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and sablefish survival and growth were recorded. Tank seawater microbial communities were significantly influenced by water additive (treatment). Sablefish microbiomes were significantly, but weakly influenced by treatment, and there were time-specific differences within the claywater treatment. Sablefish from the treatment that was switched after one week maintained microbiomes that were more similar to the initial greenwater treatment. In general, sablefish were dominated by Vibrionaceae OTUs. Variability in the sablefish microbiomes between tanks from the same treatment was high, especially in the claywater treatment, which may have confounded treatment effects. Larvae in the claywater treatment had significantly lower survival rates compared to greenwater and greenwater-claywater treatments, but no treatment effect was observed on sablefish growth (length). Overall, results suggest that claywater does not negatively impact survival or the microbial community of sablefish when preceded by one week of greenwater.
Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge Among Internal Medicine Residents in a University Program

Lung cancer remains the main cause of cancer-related death. Even though several societies recommend that certain populations may benefit from lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), its nationwide adoption has been slow. Practices in primary care are closely linked to residency training. Recognizing gaps in knowledge during training may translate into increased utilization of life-saving measures. Sixty internal medicine residents training at a university-based program were presented with an anonymous online-based survey designed to measure their knowledge about lung cancer screening. In the second phase, residents were presented with an infographic containing the answers to the initial survey. They were surveyed again 30 days after this intervention. The average correct response rate among all years was 42%. PGY-1 residents performed better compared with PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents (p = 0.015). Ninety-two percent of residents did not think screening improved all-cause mortality. Less than half thought screening had a lung cancer-specific mortality benefit. Fifty-three percent rated their self-perceived knowledge above 50%. There was no difference in knowledge after the intervention. Specific populations may benefit from LDCT screening. Even if these benefits do not directly translate to population settings, the burden and mortality of lung cancer calls for urgent measures to attempt an earlier diagnosis. Internal medicine residents in this program may have several concerns about lung cancer screening including coverage, benefit, and false positive rate. Educational methods such as infographics may not be effective in improving knowledge among residents. Lung cancer screening should be a priority in medical education, especially in states with high smoking rates and lung cancer mortality.
A witness breaks his silence: the meaning of a therapist's response to an adolescent's self-destruction.

I describe the case of a self-mutilating adolescent girl and my dilemma, as her therapist, about telling her parents about her self-abuse. I use two complementary, mutually enhancing relational theories of trauma—Ferenczi's (1933) and Davies and Frawley's (1994)—to help understand the minefield I was in. Davies and Frawley describe certain relational configurations that are typical of trauma victims. I believe that it is not only unavoidable but therapeutically vital for therapists to participate in these configurations so they can know the patient's experience in a personal way. It is also crucial that they be witnesses who provide recognition for the patient's pain and, in so doing, relieve the intolerable feeling of isolation that Ferenczi proposed was the most basic trauma. In addition, I discuss the observation that some people who have not been previously traumatized in any gross way manifest characteristics of trauma.