cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEONATAL HEPATIC MITOCHONDROCUPREIN. II. ISOLATION OF THE COPPER-CONTAINING SUBFRACTION FROM MITOCHONDRIA OF NEWBORN HUMAN LIVER.

The high concentration of copper occurring in newborn human liver, like that in newborn bovine liver, is localized predominantly in the mitochondrial fraction. The neonatal hepatic mitochondrocuprein subfraction, containing more than 2% copper, has been isolated from mitochondria of newborn human liver by the procedure previously developed for bovine liver. Yield of copper and concentration of copper in the subfraction from newborn human livers were more than 80 times those obtained in the corresponding subfraction from adult human livers. The human neonatal hepatic mitochondrocuprein subfraction was similar to that previously obtained from newborn bovine liver in its insolubility in the detergents used in the isolation procedure, in the quantitative release of its copper into soluble form by brief tryptic digestion, in the apparent stability of its copper-protein bond to a pH as acid as 1.5, and in the capacity of its copper to react directly with carbamate although at an extremely slow rate. The iron content of the human subfraction was relatively low and variable, suggesting that iron may not be an integral part of the human copper protein.
Behavioral thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos in the rat

Abstract Chlorpyrifos (CHP) is a heavily used organophosphorous-based insecticide that elicits thermoregulatory dysfunction in the rat characterized by an initial period of hypothermia followed by a delayed hyperthermia lasting 24–72 h after exposure. The purpose of the present study was to determine (1) if the delayed hyperthermia is linked to CHP-induced hypothermia and (2) if the hypothermia and delayed hyperthermia are regulated by the CNS thermoregulatory centers. Core temperature ( T c ) and motor activity (MA) of female Long-Evans rats were monitored via radiotelemetry. Rats housed in a temperature gradient were administered the control vehicle or CHP (25 mg/kg (p.o.)) while T c , MA and ambient temperature ( T a ) preferred by rats in the gradient (i.e. selected T a ) were recorded. There was an initial reduction in T c concomitant with a decrease in selected T a . A gradual recovery in T c occurred during the first night along with a preference for warmer T a ’s and depressed MA. The day after CHP there was an elevation in T c but no change in selected T a , suggesting that the delayed rise in T c was regulated. In another experiment, the hypothermic effects of CHP (25 mg/kg (p.o.)) were blocked by raising T a from 22 to 31°C immediately after CHP administration. Non-heated rats administered CHP underwent a marked period of hypothermia followed by an elevation in diurnal T c for 2 days. Heated rats showed no hypothermic response but did undergo a hyperthermic response 48 h after CHP. MA was reduced during the first night after CHP in both non-heated and heated groups. Overall, the CHP-induced hyperthermia is not dependent on the development of hypothermia. Behavioral thermoregulatory observations suggest that both hypothermia and hyperthermia are regulated by CNS thermoregulatory centers.
Analysis of materials and structure tradeoffs in thin and thick film multi-chip packages

System simulation, a new design methodology for electronic packages, has been used to study multichip module tradeoffs. Modules are described by a set of structural, electrical, and materials-related model parameters. Parameters cover wide ranges that include multilayer ceramic, thin-film, and polyimide-on-ceramic technologies. For the present study 1.5- mu m CMOS chip technology and 1.4-mil-line-width, 100-mil-grid-space printed wiring board technology are used. Modules have been optimized for three cases using the simulated annealing technique: maximum module clock frequency, maximum board-level clock frequency, and optimum system performance. Many similar mathematical solutions are typically found, an indication of the complexity of the response surface. The examples demonstrate the power of package system simulation for identifying, quantifying, and predicting design, development, and tradeoff issues and solutions for multichip modules. >
Role of the Golgi Apparatus in the Phosphorylation of Apolipoprotein B

Rat hepatic Golgi apparatus-rich fractions were utilized in an in vitro phosphorylation system containing [γ-32P]ATP to investigate the phosphorylation of apolipoproteins (apo) B48 and B100. Our results demonstrate that the Golgi apparatus contains a kinase(s) that phosphorylates both apoB48 and apoB100 as well as 290- and 460-kDa proteins recognized by antibody to apoB. We refer to the latter proteins as apoB57 and apoB90, respectively. Phosphorylations in the presence of Triton X-100, which increases the permeability of the membranes, or alamethicin, an ionophore that facilitates transmembrane diffusion of ATP, indicate that the active site of the kinase is on the luminal side of the membranes. However, studies with EDTA and EGTA, which are inhibitory to the kinase, suggest binding sites for Mg2+ and perhaps Ca2+ on the cytosolic membrane face. Phosphorylation of apoB was not stimulated by cAMP nor inhibited by protein kinase inhibitor peptide (5-24), indicating that cAMP dependent protein kinase was not involved in the phosphorylation process. Sodium carbonate treatment of the phosphorylated fraction, which permits separation of membrane and luminal contents, revealed that phosphorylated apoB90 and apoB57 are associated primarily with the membrane, whereas phosphorylated apoB48 is found in luminal contents as well as with the membranes. Phosphorylated apoB100 was found primarily with the membrane fraction. No evidence was found for phosphorylation of apoB in rough endoplasmic reticulum fractions. These studies demonstrate the importance of the Golgi apparatus as a subcellular site for the phosphorylation of apoB and suggest that apoB phosphorylation may be important in the assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Stormwater Toxicity in Chollas Creek and San Diego Bay, California

Stormwater discharges from Chollas Creek, a tributary of San Diego Bay, have been shown to be toxic to aquatic life. The primary objective of this study was to provide the linkage between in-channel measurements and potential impairments in the receiving waters of San Diego Bay. This study addressed this objective within the context of four questions: (1) How much area in San Diego Bay is affected by the discharge plume from Chollas Creek during wet-weather conditions?; (2) How much of the wet-weather discharge plume is toxic to marine aquatic life?; (3) How toxic is this area within the wet-weather discharge plume?; and (4) What are the constituent(s) responsible for the observed toxicity in the wet-weather plume?
Zensar: The Future of Vision Communities (A)

Zensar is a rapidly growing, mid-sized Indian IT services company with a collaborative management philosophy and innovative HR policies. One of its practices, Vision Communities, is an inclusive forum for innovation and strategy formulation. As the company grows, managers must decide how to scale the Vision Community process so that it retains its spirit of employee involvement and engagement while encompassing a larger, more geographically dispersed group of participants.
Moral Identity: What Is It, How Does It Develop, and Is It Linked to Moral Action?

Abstract— The study of moral identity may be one of the more promising new trends in moral psychology. Moral identity is the degree to which being a moral person is important to a person’s identity. This article reviews the various ways in which moral identity is understood, discusses predictors and processes of moral identity, and presents evidence regarding links between moral identity and various moral actions. The article closes with a critical evaluation of the moral identity concept and a discussion of future research directions.
Ion mobility detection of polydimethylsilicone oligomers following supercritical flui chromatographic separation

Abstract A mixture of polydimethylsilicones (Dow Corning 200), average molecular weight 2000 a.m.u., was separated by simultaneous density and temperature-programmed supercritical fluid chromatography and detected by ion mobility detection. Ion mobility spectra were captured by Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometry. Using information from these spectra it was possible to selectively detect a single compound in the complex mixture. A detector temperature investigation demonstrated that, for the efficient transfer of high-molecular-weight compounds from the column to the detector, the interface to the detector must be heated. Using a 50 μm I.D. column, a Guthrie-type restrictor and a detection temperature of 250°C, as many as 70 oligomers were separated and detected.
The impact of televised political ads: Evoking viewer responses in the 1988 presidential campaign

Political advertisements have become a common format through which political candidates communicate with voters. This experimental study compared viewer perceptions of Bush and Dukakis as a function of their 1988 political commercials. The results indicated that Bush's image was positively affected by the commercials, while commercials of Dukakis did not significantly affect his image. For both candidates, image improvement seems directly related to the generation of specific emotions through the campaign ads.
Minimum-wage increases and employment in franchised fast-food restaurants

Card and Krueger’s (1994) result that employment is unaffected by an increase in the minimum wage in the franchised fast-food restaurant industry appears to be inconsistent with conventional economic analysis. I take a closer look at the franchised fast-food industry and argue that the presence of brand-name capital does not allow franchisees to substitute away from labor or decrease the level of services provided to customers — employment levels in franchised fast-food restaurants are closely tied to sales.
Two proteins of a plant DNA virus coordinate nuclear and plasmodesmal transport

Abstract Plant viruses establish a systemic infection by moving through plasmodesmata, but little is known of the mechanism(s) involved. The roles of two movement-associated proteins of a single-stranded DNA virus were investigated in vivo, using functional proteins expressed in E. coli and microinjection into plant cells. We report here that the BL1 protein of bean dwarf mosaic geminivirus moves extensively from cell to cell, increases mesophyll plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, and potentiates the movement of double-stranded DNA from cell to cell. Movement of single-and double-stranded DNA out of the nucleus is mediated by the BR1 protein. These results provide direct experimental evidence for intercellular macromolecular transport in plants, and suggest that the BR1 and BL1 proteins coordinate the movement of viral DNA across both nuclear and plasmodesmal boundaries.
Influence of fluorine substitution on the solvation properties of tetraalkylammonium alkanesulfonate phases in gas chromatography

A series of tetraalkylammonium alkanesulfonate and perfluoroalkanesulfonate liquid organic salts are studied as model solvents to characterize quantitatively the influence of fluorine substitution on retention in gasliquid chromatography. Interpretation of solvation interactions is performed using two new thermodynamic models suggested by Kollie and Poole and Abraham and co-workers. For the solvents studied any reduction in dispersive interactions accompanying the introduction of fluorine must be approximately offset by an increase in the cavity term. Of the polar interactions, orientation interactions are large but only weakly influenced by the introduction of fluorine; solvent hydrogen-bond base interactions are strong and significantly influenced by the inductive effect of fluorine on the electron density on the sulfonate group; solvent hydrogen-bond acid interactions are negligible for all salts.
Exploring HVAC system sizing under uncertainty

Abstract In current practice, HVAC systems are sized based on standardized procedures that were mostly developed by ASHRAE. The standard approach only implicitly deals with uncertainty in peak system demand through the selection of an appropriate design day and the choice of a safety factor. Although this method works satisfactorily in most cases, it offers no support to a system designer who wants to track the risk associated with an undersized system. The opposite, i.e. avoiding that the system is needlessly oversized deserves even more attention given the fact that current practice of “defensive sizing” leads to oversized systems which leads to wasted capital investment and systems that operate far away from the optimum efficiency loads. This paper explores a new framework to guide the use of uncertainty analysis (UA) and sensitivity analysis (SA) in HVAC system sizing. UA will replace the safety factor with quantified margins based on comprehensive quantification of different sources of uncertainty. A probabilistic-based SA is then used to identify the important individual factors or groups of factors that contribute to uncertainty, providing means of risk management by applying better quality assurance methods or negotiating performance contracts.
A General Equilibrium Analysis of a Reduction in Capital Gains Taxes

The authors analyze the general equilibrium effects of reducing capital gains taxes in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The CGE approach allows the examination of the impact of the tax reduction on the various sectors of the economy. Of special interest is the distributive effects of the tax reduction, measured in this study by the changes in income and utility among six income classes. Positive gains are enjoyed in all six income classes, with the highest percentage increases going to the lowest income class. Of 14 consumption sectors, the largest percentage increase is in savings. This bodes well for future economic growth.
Unitary irrational central charge on compact g: High-level analysis and SU(3)BASIC#

Abstract A high-level expansion of the Virasoro master equation is developed as a tool for the systematic study of affine-Virasoro space. As an example, the expansion is applied to see all the (high-k smooth) unitary solutions on SU(3) in the basic ansatz. Moreover, structural clues provided by the expansion enable us to find the exact form of all the (high-k smooth) unitary irrational solutions, (SU(3)x)BASIC#, in the basic ansatz.
Mental representations: Reference and definiteness

Abstract If D denotes a discourse, and p an expression in an utterance u of D, the action , D(p), of D on p, is the set of mental representations of the interpretations of p in D, and corresponds to the discourse ‘meaning’ of p in D. The correspondence p→D(p) is called the reference of the speaker. The domain , dom(p), is defined, and it is shown that the set i(D(p)) of underlying entities of D(p) is contained in or equal to dom(p). A reference is inclusive if i(D(p)) = dom(p); exclusive otherwise. If dom(p) (resp. i(D(p))) consists of a single entity, the reference is said to be unique (resp. unambiguous ). It is shown that definite reference is unique in the classical sense, and it is conjectured that a generalization of the notion of ‘familiarity’ holds. A number of putative counterexamples to the classical definition are shown to satisfy the more general definition. Further application is made to specificity, and parameterized nominals.
Sonography of ruptured appendicitis

Three girls and 4 boys with the final diag- nosis of ruptured appendicitis underwent 19 sono- graphic studies, 5 before any therapy was instituted and 14 follow-up studies. Four abscesses identified before treatment and 2 seen postoperatively were ovoid, irregularly marginated, and contained low- amplitude echoes. Gastrointestinal ileus with gas- and fluid-filled loops of bowel made the studies technically difficult. Follow-up studies also showed fluid collections distant from the original absces- ses. The complete resolution of the abscess was followed sonographicatly in I patient treated with antibiotics. Ultrasound can be useful in confirming or suggesting the diagnosis of ruptured appendici- tis in the child with abdominal pain, but careful attention to detail is necessary in these technically difficult studies.
Diels-Alder reactions of azadienes

On etudie successivement les systemes aza-1 butadiene, aza-2 butadiene, diaza-1,2-, -1,3-, -1,4- et -2,3 butadienes, et triazabutadiene. On etudie egalement les azadienes heterocycliques
An observational study of MHD wave-induced density fluctuations upstream of the Earth's bow shock

An investigation of plasma density fluctations upstream of the earth's bow shock and their association with MHD waves is reported. The normalized density fluctuation was 14 percent on a day when the plasma beta was less than unity and the waves were circularly polarized and of relatively low amplitude, and 17 percent on a day when the plasma beta was in excess of unity and the waves were elliptically polarized and of large fractional amplitude. On both days there was a feature of the density power spectrum at the MHD carrier wave frequency attributable to oblique propagation of the waves with propagation angles of a few degrees with respect to the mean field. Ponderomotive effects due to spatial gradient in the MHD wave energy density are proposed as responsible for a correlation betweeen density and transverse wave intensity on both days. Generation of density fluctuations by linear polarized MHD waves is not an important contributor to the observed density fluctuations.
Calculation of adsorption energies in carbon micropores

Abstract Adsorption energies for different surface and pore configurations were calculated by summing the Lennard-Jones potential for the interaction of an adsorbate molecule with the carbon surface. The calculations provide information on the adsorption potential as a function of pore configuration and spacing from which an energy distribution for physisorption was estimated. The results of the calculations also show that restricted diffusion occurs only for a small range of pore sizes between approximately 6.4 and 5.8 A; in larger pores, the adsorbate is mobile, whereas pores smaller than 5.8 A are largely inaccessible. A diffusion model for microporous carbons is proposed where the diffusion rate depends on the rate of transport from one adsorption site to an adjacent one and not on the rate of transport within a pore itself.
Solution and Solid-State Structure of cis-Dichloro-(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine)platinum(II)

The chiral coordination compound cis-dichloro-(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine) platinum(II) (Pt(dmen)Cl2) has been synthesized and characterized by NMR and X-ray crystallography. NMR studies in d 6 -DMSO solution reveal distinct resonances are observed for the equatorial and axial methylene protons leading to the conclusion that Pt(dmen)Cl2 is found as one stereoisomer and one conformer of the five-membered ring formed by the Pt2+ and dmen ligand. In D2O NMR evidence also suggests one stereoisomer and one conformer dominates in aqueous solution. Crystallographic studies indicate the presence of the R,R′/S,S′ stereoisomer with a λ conformation of the Pt2+-dmen five-membered ring. This implies that the stereoisomer and conformer observed in d 6 -DMSO and D2O solution are likely the same. The crystal structure of Pt(dmen)Cl2 has the unusual feature of homochiral one-dimensional stacks of R,R′-Pt(dmen)Cl2 and S,S′-Pt(dmen)Cl2. Structure of Pt(dmen)Cl2: monoclinic, P 21/c, a = 7.491(2) A, b = 16.356(4) A, c = 14.503(3) A, β = 103.636(8)°, V = 1726.8(7) A3, Z = 8, GOF = 1.121, R 1 = 0.0514, wR 2 = 0.1298. cis-Dichloro-(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine)platinum(II) forms a racemic mixture of the S,S′ and R,R′ enantiomers in solution as well as in the solid state where the crystalline packing is characterized by homochiral stacks.
Free Recall in Boys of Normal and Poor Reading Levels as a Function of Task Manipulations.

Abstract Free recall of reading disabled boys, ages 9 to 11 years, was compared with that of boys showing no reading difficulty. During a baseline trial, poor readers recalled less items and tended to show less recall organization than normals. Recall and category clustering in a second trial were highest following a manipulation designed to produce semantic encoding of items and lowest when children were required to focus on items' physical features. In a condition requiring free sort prior to recall, reading disabled boys failed to organize or study as effectively as normals. Rather than lacking the ability to use semantic relations as a strategy for grouping items, the reading disabled had difficulty in spontaneously generating effective study techniques.
A Local Energy Estimate on Kerr Black Hole Backgrounds

We study dispersive properties for the wave equation in the Kerr space–time with small angular momentum. The main result of this paper is to establish uniform energy bounds and local energy decay for such backgrounds. This follows similar results for the Schwarzschild space–time proved earlier in [3], [8], and [16] and extended in earlier work [29] of the authors and collaborators.
Food supply controls the body condition of a migrant bird wintering in the tropics

The hypothesis that migratory bird populations are limited during the non-breeding season is increasingly supported by empirical studies that also suggest consequences that carry-over into subsequent seasons. Although variation in food supply is the best supported explanation for non-breeding season limitation, the ecological mechanisms and physiological consequences are not well understood. We both supplemented and reduced Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) food availability on replicate plots in Jamaica in each of 3 years to determine the direct role of food in limiting the physical condition of Ovenbirds. Annual variation in rainfall and food supply created a natural experiment in parallel with manipulations. Sex and age-classes of Ovenbirds did not respond differently in terms of body condition to either food manipulation or natural variation in environmental conditions, suggesting that this population is not structured by strong dominance relationships. Ovenbird body mass, fat, and pectoralis muscle shape were positively and predictably related to manipulated food availability. Feather regrowth rate also responded positively to food supplementation and negatively to food reduction in the drier of 2 years. Prior to manipulation, annual variation in body mass corresponded to annual variation in food supply and rainfall, providing additional, correlational evidence of food limitation. Since multiple intercorrelated body condition indices of Ovenbirds responded directly to food supply, and since food supply influenced body condition independently of other habitat features, we argue that food is a primary driver of non-breeding season population limitation. Moreover, since these effects were observed during the late non-breeding period, when individuals are preparing to migrate, we infer that food availability likely initiates carry-over effects.
Role of Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80–90% of primary liver tumors and is one of the most common and devastating malignant diseases worldwide. The MAPK signaling pathway is activated in over 90% of HCCs, and RKIP has been identified as an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway. It has been observed that downregulation of RKIP expression in HCC tumors contributes to constitutive activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and promotes proliferation and migration of HCC cells. More important, activation of IGF-I/ERK/MAPK pathways can be blocked by restoration of RKIP levels. The protein levels of RKIP are significantly reduced in HCC, whereas mRNA levels only decreased in 41% of HCC samples studied, suggesting that the downregulation of RKIP in HCC may be influenced through multiple mechanisms both at the mRNA and protein levels. In this context, mTOR inhibitor, insulin, and proteasome inhibitors were found to modulate RKIP expression in FOCUS HCC cells. A better understating of mechanisms by which RKIP expression is downregulated in HCC may be critical to develop a possible target for therapeutic intervention of HCC.
Regulation of long-term oviposition in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus: roles of prostaglandin and factors associated with sperm

The transfer of spermatophore contents derived from testes during mating greatly stimulates ovipositional activity for long periods of time in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.). Since prostaglandins appear to play a role in reproduction in several insect species, and since prostaglandin synthesis enzymes occur in cricket testes and spermatophores, we investigated the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of long-term oviposition. Inactivation of prostaglandin synthesis enzymes in males or females using specific inhibitors failed to block mating-induced increases in egg laying. However, males lacking sperm because of X-irradiation were unable to induce oviposition even though they mated, transferred spermatophores, and had high levels of prostaglandins in both testes and spermatophores. X-irradiation was also used to generate males with nonfunctional sperm. Females mated to these animals readily laid eggs, which failed to develop. It appeared that sperm or a factor associated with sperm induced long-term oviposition in female house crickets. Prostaglandin synthesis enzymes transferred from the male to females may have other roles in the female, for example, in sperm maintenance in the spermatheca. Previous observations strongly suggest that prostaglandins induce egg laying behavior and activity; they may be synthesized by female enzymes that are regulated by male-derived factors.
Abstract 1151:cMYCamplification in colon cancer: A novel association withBRAFV600E and proficient DNA mismatch repair:

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: Colon cancer is categorized by the acquisition of a number of molecular alterations in both oncogenes and in tumor suppressor genes. Although cMYC alterations have been reported in colon cancer cell lines, little other information exists in primary colon tumors. We sought to determine the frequency of cMYC amplification in primary colon cancer and its relationship to other well defined colon tumor alterations. Methods: An initial set of 392 tumors were evaluated. All samples were tested for the BRAF V600E mutation and all were classified as proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) based on both IHC and microsatellite analysis of tumor tissue. A second set of 522 tumors was selected to replicate associations identified in the first set of samples. Similar to the initial cohort, both the BRAF V600E and the mismatch repair status of the tumors were assessed. The second cohort, however, included tumors that were both pMMR and dMMR. In both sets of samples, fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to evaluate cMYC gene amplification. Results: In cohort 1, cMYC amplification was observed in 15 of the 362 (4%) pMMR tumors successfully analyzed (Table 1). cMYC amplification was detected in 10 of 323 (3%) tumors with normal BRAF status vs. 5 of 39 (13%) tumors with altered BRAF status (p=0.015). In the second cohort, cMYC amplification was found in 20 of the 522 (4%) tumors. Only 1 of the 152 (<1%) dMMR tumors had cMYC amplification vs. 19 of the 370 (5%) pMMR tumors (p=0.012). Of the pMMR tumors, cMYC amplification was detected in 13 of 333 (4%) tumors with normal BRAF status vs. 6 of 37 (16%) tumors with altered BRAF status (p=0.007), nearly identical to the first group. Conclusion: cMYC amplification in colon cancer is an infrequent event. However, when present, cMYC amplification occurs almost exclusively in tumors that are pMMR. Additionally, among pMMR tumors, cMYC amplification is associated with the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. ![Figure][1] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1151. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1151 [1]: pending:yes
Childhood Tuberculosis: An Emerging and Previously Neglected Problem

Although awareness is growing, childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a neglected disease in many resource-limited settings. In part this reflects operational difficulties, lack of visibility in official reports, as well as perceptions that children tend to develop mild disease, contribute little to disease transmission, and do not affect epidemic control. At an international level there is greater appreciation that children contribute significantly to the global TB disease burden and suffer severe TB-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in TB-endemic areas, where the disease often remains undiagnosed. However, this is not always the case at the national or local level and there remains an urgent need for feasible and implementable policies to guide clinical practice. Pediatric TB can be regarded as an emerging epidemic in areas where the adult epidemic remains out of control and Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission is ongoing. This article reviews important concepts, challenges, and management principles related to childhood TB; it also summarizes the main priorities for future research.
Temperature-dependent studies of the electrical properties and the conduction mechanism of HfOx-based RRAM

The conduction mechanism of HfOx-based RRAM is investigated by analyzing the I–V characteristics of HfOx-based RRAM devices at different temperatures ranging from 350 K down to 40 K. Electrical conduction of RRAM is found to be strongly dependent on the resistance state of the device, electric field, and temperature. At relatively high electric field (E > 3 MV/cm), Poole-Frenkel conduction explains our measured temperature dependence at limited temperature (T > 200 K) and bias ranges while trap-assisted tunneling accounts for the temperature-insensitive conduction regime (T < 100 K). It is also concluded that the more resistive RRAM device shows weaker dependence on temperature.
Sources of Nitrate to Ground Water

There are a multitude of sources of nitrate to ground waters. Nitrogen undergoes a complex series of biochemical, chemical, and physical reactions in soils and waters, and thus the source of nitrate in ground waters is often difficult or impossible to ascertain with any degree of certainty. However, highly contaminated ground waters often have local sources that can be controlled. Sources of nitrate most often linked with contamination problems include septic tanks, animal and human wastes, and commercial fertilizers.
Band features as classification measures for G-banded chromosome analysis

Abstract Modern automatic and semiautomatic karyotyping systems employ algorithms that use chromosome length and centromeric index as well as other intact chromosome measures. These measures offer correct classification rates near 95%. An algorithm is presented that utilizes local dark band features and position (position from one end of the chromosome, band-width, band-height above light band background, integrated optical density above light band back-ground, and a shape feature) and is based on maximum likelihood of the multivariate normal distribution for the feature vector. The algorithm was tested on two data sets: 179 metaphases from C. Lundsteen at the Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, and 50 metaphases from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The Copenhagen set achieved an overall correct classification rate of 94.6% when classifying itself, a rate comparable to other algorithms. This classifier relies on local band features rather than global chromosome characteristics and is therefore directly extensible to metaphase and prophase chromosome subsegments and to structural abnormalities.
Cyclobutane-Type Pyrimidine Dimers in Polynucleotides

The formation of cyclobutane-type dimers between adjacent pyrimidine residues in model polynucleotides or DNA may be represented by the general scheme See pdf 379.pdf Whereas the formation of all other known photoproducts follows the irreversible path See pdf 379.pdf Thus dimers are distinguished from other photoproducts by the fact that they can be monomerized, as well as formed, by ultraviolet irradiation. At large incident fluxes of photons the steady-state value of dimers depends on wavelength and pH, as well as on other characteristics of the surrounding medium. The number of dimers in an irradiated polynucleotide may be decreased by purely photochemical means, whereas this is not true for most other photoproducts, for which continued irradiation, irrespective of wavelength, always results in the formation of more photoproduct (37). The wavelength dependence of the steady-state for dimers is also reflected in the biological activity of irradiated transforming DNA. This experiment and the fact that photoreactivating enzyme plus visible light monomerizes dimers (and has not been demonstrated to have any effect on other photoproducts) are the strongest lines of experimental evidence that pyrimidine dimers of the cyclobutane type are biologically important lesions and can account for a large fraction of the effects of ultraviolet light on DNA in solution. Insofar as DNA is one of the more important biological structures, such dimers, when formed, account for a large part of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems.
A MODIFIED CHERN-SIMONS TERM: CHIRAL SPIN SYSTEMS AND ANYON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

In this paper, starting from a system of noninteracting spins in a plane and introducing an appropriate density function for spins, we arrive at a metric independent continuum chiral model. The Lagrangian of this model is a variant of the CP1 Chern-Simons term and is characterized by an interesting variety of gauge and symmetry groups and topological features. Certain significant aspects of this model or variants thereof are also shared by the mean field approach to the anyon gas, the CP1 model with the Chern-Simons term and the RVB description of the strongly coupled Hubbard model. The class of models studied here may therefore be useful in the investigation of the latter systems.
Genetic and environmental influences on general cognitive ability: Is g a valid latent construct?

Despite an extensive literature, the "g" construct remains a point of debate. Different models explaining the observed relationships among cognitive tests make distinct assumptions about the role of g in relation to those tests and specific cognitive domains. Surprisingly, these different models and their corresponding assumptions are rarely tested against one another. In addition to the comparison of distinct models, a multivariate application of the twin design offers a unique opportunity to test whether there is support for g as a latent construct with its own genetic and environmental influences, or whether the relationships among cognitive tests are instead driven by independent genetic and environmental factors. Here we tested multiple distinct models of the relationships among cognitive tests utilizing data from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA), a study of middle-aged male twins. Results indicated that a hierarchical (higher-order) model with a latent g phenotype, as well as specific cognitive domains, was best supported by the data. The latent g factor was highly heritable (86%), and accounted for most, but not all, of the genetic effects in specific cognitive domains and elementary cognitive tests. By directly testing multiple competing models of the relationships among cognitive tests in a genetically-informative design, we are able to provide stronger support than in prior studies for g being a valid latent construct.
Role of orexin/hypocretin in reward-seeking and addiction: Implications for obesity.

Orexins (also named hypocretins) are recently discovered neuropeptides made exclusively in the hypothalamus. Recent studies have shown that orexin cells located specifically in lateral hypothalamus (LH) are involved in motivated behavior for drugs of abuse as well as natural rewards. Administration of orexin has been shown to stimulate food consumption, and orexin signaling in VTA has been implicated in intake of high-fat food. In self-administration studies, the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) attenuated operant responding for high-fat pellets, sucrose pellets and ethanol, but not cocaine, demonstrating that signaling at orexin receptors is necessary for reinforcement of specific rewards. The orexin system is also implicated in associations between rewards and relevant stimuli. For example, Fos expression in LH orexin neurons varied in proportion to conditioned place preference (CPP) for food, morphine, or cocaine. This Fos expression was altered accordingly for CPP administered during protracted abstinence from morphine or cocaine, when preference for natural rewards was decreased and drug preference was increased. Additionally, orexin has been shown to be involved in reward-stimulus associations in the self-administration paradigm, where SB attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of extinguished sucrose- or cocaine-seeking. Although the specific circuitry mediating the effects of orexin on food reward remains unknown, VTA seems likely to be a critical target for at least some of these orexin actions. Thus, recent studies have established a role for orexin in reward-based feeding, and further investigation is warranted for determining whether function/dysfunction of the orexin system may contribute to the overeating associated with obesity. The paper represents an invited review by a symposium, award winner or keynote speaker at the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior [SSIB] Annual Meeting in Portland, July 2009.
The Kiewit network: a large AppleTalk internetwork

Dartmouth College's Kiewit Network connects nearly all of the computing resources on the campus: mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers, terminals, printers, and file servers. It is a large internetwork, based on the AppleTalk protocols. There are currently over 2900 AppleTalk outlets in 44 zones on campus. Over 90 minicomputers act as bridges between 177 AppleTalk twisted pair busses. This paper describes the extent and facilities of the current network; the extensions made to the AppleTalk protocols, including a stream protocol and an asynchronous link protocol; and current development projects, including an AppleTalk stream to TCP converter.The Kiewit Network is a general purpose local data network. It serves as glue between all the host computers and nearly all the personal computers and terminals on campus. The network extends to the academic and administrative buildings, and the student residence halls, with network ports placed in almost all the offices and rooms. From these ports, users may access any of the host computers connected to the network. In addition, the hosts use network connections to communicate between themselves for electronic mail, file transfer, printer sharing, etc. The network also supports Apple Computer's AppleTalk® protocols. Departments and individuals can purchase standard devices which use AppleTalk (such as LaserWriters® and file servers), and connect them directly to the network.The Kiewit Network is not part of the telephone, energy control, or security systems of the College. While there can be benefits from combining them, separating these systems has simplified our design in many ways. A network failure doesn't interrupt these other services. We can also schedule experimental time for testing new software at our convenience.Dartmouth College started its campus network with General Electric Datanet 30 computers acting as front ends for the Dartmouth College Time Sharing (DCTS) system. In 1978, as the requirement for ports grew, Honeywell 716 minicomputers replaced the Datanet machines. In the same time period, two factors forced a change in perspective away from a front-end function toward a networked approach. New hosts began to arrive on campus. These new machines required enhancements to the network. Second, off-campus sites demanded more ports than the existing phone lines could supply. We served these remote users by using Prime P200 minicomputers as statistical multiplexors. In 1980, we implemented the DCTS terminal handling protocols on a less expensive minicomputer, and began to place these network nodes in the basements of buildings across the campus.When the College recommended that the freshmen entering in the fall of 1984 purchase a Macintosh™ computer, funds were appropriated for three major network enhancements: installation of a network port for each undergraduate in the residence halls; conversion of the network to the AppleTalk protocols; and creation of a terminal emulation program to exploit the enhanced network capabilities.
Elimination of Subboundaries in 0.5-µm-Thick Si-on-Insulator Films Produced by ZMR

When Si-on-insulator films 0.3 to 0.5 µm thick are recrystallized by zone melting under the usual conditions, the defect trails within grains are subboundaries. We report that the use of an entrainment pattern, consisting of a grating of carbonized photoresist on top of the SiO2 encapsulating layer, can lead to the replacement of subboundaries by defect trails that are spaced dislocation clusters or discrete threading dislocations. Such defects are expected to be less detrimental to submicrometer MOSFET circuits than subboundaries.
Wireless smart meters and public acceptance: the environment, limited choices, and precautionary politics.

Wireless smart meters (WSMs) promise numerous environmental benefits, but they have been installed without full consideration of public acceptance issues. Although societal-implications research and regulatory policy have focused on privacy, security, and accuracy issues, our research indicates that health concerns have played an important role in the public policy debates that have emerged in California. Regulatory bodies do not recognize non-thermal health effects for non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, but both homeowners and counter-experts have contested the official assurances that WSMs pose no health risks. Similarities and differences with the existing social science literature on mobile phone masts are discussed, as are the broader political implications of framing an alternative policy based on an opt-out choice. The research suggests conditions under which health-oriented precautionary politics can be particularly effective, namely, if there is a mandatory technology, a network of counter-e...
One-Pass Algorithms for Some Generalized Network Problems

The generalized network problem and the closely related restricted dyadic problem are two special model types that occur frequently in applications of linear programming. Although they are next in order after pure network or distribution problems with respect to ease of computation, the jump in degree of difficulty is such that, in the most general problem, there exist no algorithms for them comparable in speed or efficiency to those for pure network or distribution problems. There are, however, numerous examples in which some additional special structure leads one to anticipate the existence of algorithms that compare favorably with the efficiency of those for the corresponding pure cases. Also, these more special structures may be encountered as part of larger or more complicated models. In this paper we designate by topological properties two special structures that permit evolution of efficient algorithms. These follow by extensions of methods of Charnes and Cooper and of Dijkstra for the corresponding pure network problems. We obtain easily implemented algorithms that provide an optimum in one "pass" through the network. The proofs provided for these extended theorems differ in character from those provided or not provided in the more special "pure" problem algorithms published.
Evaluation of key sources of variability in the measurement of pharmaceutical drug products by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

Abstract Potential sources of variability in the measurement of solid oral drug products by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy were evaluated with statistical experimental design. Spectra were collected for two different tablet types according to the data collection and treatment parameters defined by the experimental design. Each tablet had three different dose-levels. Libraries were constructed using second-derivative spectra. Key figures-of-merit generated during internal and external library validation were used to calculate which parameters most strongly influence the library performance for dose-level discrimination. These responses and their corresponding experimental conditions were evaluated with the screening model in the JMP® program. Segment value used for the second-derivative calculation was an influential factor and had a complex effect. Orientation on the sampling platform also had an influential effect for embossed tablets. Collection of spectra over fewer days decreased variability within the library. More frequent reference spectrum collection improved the performance of libraries to a small degree. A larger sample population increased the range of spectral variability within a dose-level but apparently not the overall performance of the library. The number of scans averaged per spectrum was not an influential factor in this study. These results are summarized and used to recommend an approach to dose-level discrimination.
Beyond the CA1 subfield: Local hippocampal shape changes in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.

Summary Objective Hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can indicate mesial temporal sclerosis and predict surgical success. Yet many patients with TLE do not have significant atrophy (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative), which presents a diagnostic challenge. We used a new variant of high-dimensional large-deformation mapping to assess whether patients with apparently normal hippocampi have local shape changes that mirror those of patients with significant hippocampal atrophy. Methods Forty-seven patients with unilateral TLE and 32 controls underwent structural brain MRI. High-dimensional large-deformation mapping provided hippocampal surface and volume estimates for each participant, dividing patients into low versus high hippocampal atrophy groups. A vertex-level generalized linear model compared local shape changes between groups. Results Patients with low-atrophy TLE (MRI negative) had significant local hippocampal shape changes compared to controls, similar to those in the contralateral hippocampus of high-atrophy patients. These changes primarily involved the subicular and hilar/dentate regions, instead of the classically affected CA1 region. Disease duration instead co-varied with lateral hippocampal atrophy, co-localizing with the CA1 subfield. Significance These findings show that patients with “MRI-negative” TLE have regions of hippocampal atrophy that cluster medially, sparing the lateral regions (CA1) involved in high-atrophy patients. This suggests an overall effect of temporal lobe seizures manifesting as bilateral medial hippocampal atrophy, and a more selective effect of hippocampal seizures leading to disease-proportional CA1 atrophy, potentially reflecting epileptogenesis.