cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinated control of distributed parameter systems

A new coordinated control approach is developed for a class of first-order distributed parameter systems controlled by a finite number of pointwise inputs. The approach does not make a discrete approximation of the original system. Rather, it partitions the system into subsystems only by making use of physical constraints. The control is achieved by three level optimization. Individual subsystems are optimized in the first level. The second level adjusts the interaction variables between subsystems. The third level optimizes the adjustment parameters for overall performance.
(Re)Production at Home: Reconceptualizing Home and Family

This article concerns homes and families that are organized around home-based production, referring to the cases of Guadalajara and Zapotlanejo in Mexico. It addresses a reconceptualization of home and family as units of production and reproduction. Both the exploitative and the liberating aspects of home-based work are discussed, particularly those for married women who are tied to their homes because of child-rearing responsibilities and who make up the bulk of home-based workers. The division of labor within a family involved in a home-based production, the gender division of home-based work, and the spatial typology of physical modifications to the home are major themes of the article.
Adaptation of a Luciferase Gene Reporter and lac Expression System to Borrelia burgdorferi

The development of new genetic systems for studying the complex regulatory events that occur within Borrelia burgdorferi is an important goal of contemporary Lyme disease research. Although recent advancements have been made in the genetic manipulation of B. burgdorferi, there still remains a paucity of basic molecular systems for assessing differential gene expression in this pathogen. Herein, we describe the adaptation of two powerful genetic tools for use in B. burgdorferi. The first is a Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase gene reporter that was codon optimized to enhance translation in B. burgdorferi. Using this modified reporter, we demonstrated an increase in luciferase expression when B. burgdorferi transformed with a shuttle vector encoding the outer surface protein C (OspC) promoter fused to the luciferase reporter was cultivated in the presence of fresh rabbit blood. The second is a lac operator/repressor system that was optimized to achieve the tightest degree of regulation. Using the aforementioned luciferase reporter, we assessed the kinetics and maximal level of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-dependent gene expression. This lac-inducible expression system also was used to express the gene carried on lp25 required for borrelial persistence in ticks (bptA). These advancements should be generally applicable for assessing further the regulation of other genes potentially involved in virulence expression by B. burgdorferi.
Simulating the neural correlates of stuttering

For functional neuroimaging studies of stuttering, two challenges are (1) the elicitation of naturally stuttered versus fluent speech and (2) the separation of activation associated with abnormal motor execution from activation that reflects the cognitive substrates of stuttering. This paper reports on a proof-of-concept study, in which a single-subject approach was applied to address these two issues. A stuttering speaker used his insight into his own stuttering behavior to create a list of stutter-prone words versus a list of "fluent" words. He was then matched to a non-stuttering speaker, who imitated the specific articulatory and orofacial motor pattern of the stuttering speaker. Both study participants performed a functional MRI experiment of single word reading, each being presented with the same lexical items. Results suggest that the generally observed right-hemisphere lateralization appears to reflect a true neural correlate of stuttering. Some of the classically reported activation associated with stuttering appears to be driven more by nonspecific motor patterns than by cognitive substrates of stuttering, while anterior cingulate activation may reflect awareness of (upcoming) dysfluencies. This study shows that it is feasible to match stuttering speakers' utterances more closely to simulated stutters for the investigation of neural correlates of real stuttering. Significant main effects and contrast effects were obtained for the differences between fluent and stuttered speech, and right-hemisphere lateralization associated with real stuttered speech was shown in a single subject.
L2 development during study abroad in China

Abstract This study analyzed L2 Chinese development in regards to fluency, tonal accuracy, vocabulary acquisition, and task fulfillment during a study abroad (SA) program in China. Tonal accuracy has not been investigated in previous SA research, which has focused largely on non-tonal languages. Furthermore, task fulfillment, a metric linked to L2 proficiency and linguistic ability has not been included in previous SA research either. Twenty-two L2 learners of Chinese completed Simulated Oral Proficiency Interviews (SOPIs) before and after SA. These SOPI recordings were analyzed for a series of fluency measures (speech rate, filled pauses, unfilled pauses, and mean pause length), tonal accuracy percentages, type-token ratios, and task fulfillment. Mixed linear model analyses of these repeated measures showed that, when compared to participants' pre-test scores, their post-test scores showed significant improvement for tonal accuracy, vocabulary development, and task fulfillment as well as for all measures of fluency, showing a faster speech rate and shorter pauses.
Outlining Contracts Halfway Through the First Semester

An outlining guide for law students in the middle of their first semester of contract study.
Relative Valuations of Fixed Capital and Financial Assets in the United States

This paper examines the relative valuations for fixed capital and financial assets in the United States, illustrating the observed relationships from the valuations of assets on the real productive side of the economy to the financial valuations of equities and other financial assets, and also to private net worth. The analysis examines the various layers of the relationships of asset valuations relative to potential GDP for the private nonfinancial sectors of the U.S. economy, building up from the relative valuations for fixed capital assets (the capital stock), to the relative valuations for total nonfinancial assets (including land), and then to total assets (i.e., including financial assets). The low rate of net investment in recent years is also addressed, including examining the role of higher effective rates of depreciation. Comparisons are made for the observed relative valuations of corporate equities to Shiller’s CAPE and to a measure of Tobin’s q ratio. Relationships for the relative valuation of assets during business cycles are examined, including the observed lead times and threshold changes relative to business cycle peaks.
Evaluating ESA CCI soil moisture in East Africa

Abstract To assess growing season conditions where ground based observations are limited or unavailable, food security and agricultural drought monitoring analysts rely on publicly available remotely sensed rainfall and vegetation greenness. There are also remotely sensed soil moisture observations from missions like the European Space Agency (ESA), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP); however, these time series are still too short to conduct studies that demonstrate the utility of these data for operational applications, or to provide historical context for extreme wet or dry events. To promote the use of remotely sensed soil moisture in agricultural drought and food security monitoring, we evaluate the quality of a 30+ year time series of merged active–passive microwave soil moisture from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI-SM) over East Africa. Compared to the Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and modeled soil moisture products, we find substantial spatial and temporal gaps in the early part of the CCI-SM record, with adequate data coverage beginning in 1992. From this point forward, growing season CCI-SM anomalies are well correlated (R > 0.5) with modeled soil moisture, and in some regions, NDVI. We use pixel-wise correlation analysis and qualitative comparisons of seasonal maps and time series to show that remotely sensed soil moisture can inform remote drought monitoring that has traditionally relied on rainfall and NDVI in moderately vegetated regions.
Large-Pore Ethylene-Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas with Face-Centered Cubic Structure

Low-temperature (∼15 °C) Pluronic-F127-templated synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with ethylene (−CH2−CH2−) framework groups and a face-centered cubic structure of spherical me...
Construction of solutions for compressible, isentropic Navier-Stokes equations in one space dimension with nonsmooth initial data

We prove the global existence of weak solutions for the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes equations for one-dimensional, isentropic flow when the initial velocity is in L2 and the initial density is in L2 ∩ BV. Solutions are obtained as limits of approximations obtained by building heuristic jump conditions into a semi-discrete difference scheme. This allows for a rather simple analysis in which pointwise control is achieved through piecewise H1 and total variation estimates.
Comparison of PtSi Films Grown by Solid-State Reaction and by E-Beam Co-Evaporation: Thermal Stability in Air at 1000 °C

Two different methods were used to synthesize 200 nm thick single-phase, orthorhombic-PtSi films: (i) e-beam co-evaporation (EBC) of Pt and Si onto r-sapphire substrates and (ii) solid-state reaction (SSR) of sputtered Pt films on Si (100) wafers. Morphology, electrical conductivity, and crystalline structure were characterized for as-grown films and for films annealed in air at 1000 °C via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 4-pt conductivity measurements, and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). As-grown EBC films exhibit columnar grain morphology and slight (101) crystalline texture, while SSR films exhibit granular morphology with many voids and a strong (002) texture. Above 600 °C, EBC PtSi films rapidly oxidize to form crystalline Pt3Si and amorphous SiO2 phases. Around 1000 °C, the Pt3Si phase melts and c-Pt grains nucleate. After air annealing for 6 h at 1000 °C, room-temperature XRD shows that the oxidized EBC films consist of Pt3Si and Pt phases within a SiO2 matrix and become electrically insulating. SSR films initially form with a (002) o-PtSi orientation and above 900 °C they recrystallize to preferred (101) texture and exhibit an unchanged electrical conductivity and a stable film morphology during 48 h of air annealing at 1000 °C. Separate oxidation mechanisms are proposed for the two film types.
Place Consciousness as a Pathway Towards Campus Sustainability

How do college students develop personal connections to their college campuses, which they view as temporary habitats? Sense of place is critical in the development of an environmentally conscious and responsive citizenry for the sustainability of our natural resources. This chapter discusses the significance that the multidimensional concept of place consciousness, within the theoretical framework of sociocultural constructivism, has towards college students’ involvement in campus sustainability efforts. In doing so, it summarizes the findings from a collaborative inquiry study, an example of educational research involving two graduate students and their instructor as co-researchers, and describes their personal journeys in defining sense of place, leading towards their understanding of personal and campus sustainability as states of mind.
Translational and Applied Choice Research

Basic research on choice responding has influenced applied research in many important ways; we highlights three such outgrowths in this chapter: (a) using choice preparations to predict high-quality reinforcers and activities to include in educational and habilitative programming, (b) understanding response allocation in multi-response environments (e.g., when will children choose to practice mathematics when the opportunity to play with their toys is available, or when a child with developmental disabilities will choose to engage in self-injurious behavior (SIB) to solicit attention rather than using a more socially appropriate communicative behavior), and (c) systematically providing access to a choice of stimuli or activities as reinforcers. This chapter focuses upon both current applied practice and the basic, applied, and translational research that has informed this area.
Application of Supercritical Water Oxidation in Wastewater Treatment

Supercritical water oxidation(SCWO) technology is a new and advanced oxidation process and it has much application prospect.It has extraordinary technical and economic in treating wastewater.It has been introduced that the characteristics of supercritical water and SCWO processing,as well as SCWO processing applied to different wastewater treatment.At the same time,the technical problems,improvements and development are pointed out.
Surveillance of Benzene Series in the Air of Workshop in Taizhou City

[Objective]To understand the current status of benzene series contamination in the air of workshop in Taizhou city.[Methods] The surveillance results of benzene series in Taizhou City during 2004— 2007 were analyzed.[Results]The detection rates of the benzene,toluene,xylene,styrene were 38.5%,26.6%,27% and 17.8%,respectively;the exceeding rates of them were 12.8%,8.8%,3.3% and 0 respectively.[Conclusion] The concentrations of 3 kinds of benzene series are over standards,supervision and surveillance should be strengthened.
Retained transcranial knife blade with transection of the internal carotid artery treated by staged endovascular and surgical therapy: technical case report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE We describe the use of proximal and distal endovascular coil embolization of the internal carotid artery followed by operative removal of a retained foreign object transecting the petrocavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 20-year-old man sustained a stab wound to the left temporal skull and presented with a retained knife blade. He reported a headache at presentation, but remained neurologically intact with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15. Computed tomography imaging and subsequent angiography confirmed complete transection of the petrocavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery with effective tamponade by the knife blade in situ and satisfactory collateral flow across the Circle of Willis. Coil embolization of the left internal carotid artery was performed. Retrograde embolization of the petrocavernous internal carotid segment distal to the injury was performed via vertebral and posterior communicating artery access. Antegrade embolization of the internal carotid artery proximal to the injury was completed and the patient was transferred to the operating room for craniectomy and foreign body extraction. Postoperative computed tomography angiography revealed no parenchymal hemorrhage, mass effect, or midline shift, and successful embolization of the internal carotid artery. At 6-week follow-up, the patient remained neurologically intact with no infectious or vascular complications. CONCLUSION Staged endovascular and surgical therapy provides complete assessment and effective control of damaged vessels when retained intracranial foreign bodies are present. Given the high risk of vascular injury with retained transcranial foreign bodies, this strategy should be considered a safe approach for these challenging cases.
Trends in maternity care by graduates and the effect of an intervention.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Only 24% of family physicians in the United States deliver babies, a figure that declined remarkably during the decade of the 1980s. This study examines the content of practice, with regard to maternity care, of graduates of the University of California, Davis Family Practice Residency Network over the past 20 years, and the effectiveness of residency training intervention designed to increase maternity care activity among graduates. METHODS: Using a mailed survey instrument, graduates of the UC Davis Family Practice Residency Network have been periodically surveyed on practice characteristics since 1978. Using data from these surveys, maternity care and other practice characteristics of all graduates were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data on trends in maternity care of two groups of residents who graduated a decade apart were evaluated. A separate evaluation of the two most recent graduating classes was performed to evaluate an intervention at the Network's university-based program. The program had been designed to increase the number of graduates who provide maternity care. RESULTS: Survey responses from previous graduates of the six network programs showed that only 31% included maternity care in their practices at the time of the 1991 survey. Sixty-one percent of a cohort of graduates from a 3-year period from 1979 through 1981 included maternity care upon entering practice. The 3-year cohort of residents graduating a decade later, during the years 1988-1990, had an initial participation rate in maternity care of only 37% in 1991. However, only 11% of the graduates from the university-based program in the 1988-1990 cohort made an initial decision to include maternity care in their practice. For the graduates of this program from 1991 and 1992, a period following the specific intervention, participation in maternity care increased to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the decrease in interest in providing obstetrical services by recent family practice residency graduates when compared to graduates a decade earlier. Further, it suggests that residency programs, even with very low rates of participation in maternity care, can increase the interest and participation of residents to include these services in their practices after graduation.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Induced Stimulation of the Obturator Nerve

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to a left lower third ureteral calculus, 1.4 × 0.9cm. large, using an unmodified Dornier HM3⁎⁎Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia. lithotriptor with the patient in the sitting position produced thigh adductor movement with each shock. The procedure was terminated. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed uneventfully 1 week later using a Medstone STS lithotriptor with the patient in the supine position. We believe that the sitting position caused increased intraabdominal pressure in the pelvis resulting in apposition of the ureteral segment containing the calculus to the obturator nerve, which was included either in the second focal point or in the extended shock path of the Dornier HM3 unit.
The nuclear controversy and the limitations of decision-making by experts

Policy-makers must stop waiting for technical consensus where none is possible, and concentrate instead on how to minimize the social costs of uncertainty; the California initiative presents such an opportunity
Phosphate Metabolism and Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency

Publisher Summary In this chapter, some basic metabolic processes that are highly sensitive to cellular P levels, explore P acquisition and assimilation in Chlamydomonas are enumerated. Our current understanding of how limitation for available P alters metabolic and regulatory processes in this alga is summarized. It integrates biochemical, physiological, genetic, molecular, and genomic information to define the interactions of the key regulator PSR1 with the promoters of target genes and potential partner proteins with P deprivation. The sustainability of agricultural yields and the quality of aquatic ecosystems will benefit from more efficient use of Pi by crop plants, which would also decrease the dependence of farmers on rock Pi reserves, the mining of which can have serious economic and ecological consequences Genetic and molecular characteristics coupled with genome-wide analyses have made Chlamydomonas an excellent model for elucidating the ways in which photosynthetic eukaryotes sense and respond to their nutrient environment. It is also critical that we define the full range of genes controlled by PSR1 and the functions of the Polypeptides that they encode if we are to understand the ways in which photosynthetic organisms, whether microbe or plant, survive conditions that severely limit their growth potential and enhance the potentially toxic effects that may be triggered by the absorption of excess excitation energy and the concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species.
Hypervascular Soft Tissue Tumor of the Skull Suspicious for Hemangiopericytoma A Case Study

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that is predominantly found in the pelvis, retroperitoneum, and lower extremities, occasionally occurring in the larynx, spleen, bones of the th...
Predictions of Diffractive and Total Cross Sections at LHC Confirmed by Measurements

Predictions of diffractive proton-proton cross sections at LHC, and of the total and total-inelastic proton-proton cross sections based on the RENORM unitarization model, also referred to as the MBR (minimum-bias-Rockefeller) model implemented in PYTHIA8-MBR, are confirmed by recent LHC measurements. Several other available diffraction models are discussed, highlighting differences among them and PYTHIA8-MBR regarding rapidity-gap and final-state distributions.
Is endoscopic ultrasound examination necessary in the management of esophageal cancer

Despite substantial efforts at early diagnosis, accurate staging and advanced treatments, esophageal cancer (EC) continues to be an ominous disease worldwide. Risk factors for esophageal carcinomas include obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hard-alcohol use and tobacco smoking. Five-year survival rates have improved from 5% to 20% since the 1970s, the result of advances in diagnostic staging and treatment. As the most sensitive test for locoregional staging of EC, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) influences the development of an optimal oncologic treatment plan for a significant minority of patients with early cancers, which appropriately balances the risks and benefits of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. EUS is costly, and may not be available at all centers. Thus, the yield of EUS needs to be thoughtfully considered for each patient. Localized intramucosal cancers occasionally require endoscopic resection (ER) for histologic staging or treatment; EUS evaluation may detect suspicious lymph nodes prior to exposing the patient to the risks of ER. Although positron emission tomography (PET) has been increasingly utilized in staging EC, it may be unnecessary for clinical staging of early, localized EC and carries the risk of false-positive metastasis (over staging). In EC patients with evidence of advanced disease, EUS or PET may be used to define the radiotherapy field. Multimodality staging with EUS, cross-sectional imaging and histopathologic analysis of ER, remains the standard-of-care in the evaluation of early esophageal cancers. Herein, published data regarding use of EUS for intramucosal, local, regional and metastatic esophageal cancers are reviewed. An algorithm to illustrate the current use of EUS at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is presented.
Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles Reduce Positive Co-stimulatory Expression and T Cell Activity to Induce Tolerance

Targeted approaches to treat autoimmune diseases would improve upon current therapies that broadly suppress the immune system and lead to detrimental side effects. Antigen-specific tolerance was induced using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles conjugated with disease-relevant antigen to treat a model of multiple sclerosis. Increasing the nanoparticle dose and amount of conjugated antigen both resulted in more durable immune tolerance. To identify active tolerance mechanisms, we investigated downstream cellular and molecular events following nanoparticle internalization by antigen-presenting cells. The initial cell response to nanoparticles indicated suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways. Direct and functional measurement of surface MHC-restricted antigen showed positive correlation with both increasing particle dose from 1 to 100 μg/mL and increasing peptide conjugation by 2-fold. Co-stimulatory analysis of cells expressing MHC-restricted antigen revealed most significant decreases in positive co-stimulatory molecules (CD86, CD80, and CD40) following high doses of nanoparticles with higher peptide conjugation, whereas expression of a negative co-stimulatory molecule (PD-L1) remained high. T cells isolated from mice immunized against myelin proteolipid protein (PLP 139–151 ) were co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells administered PLP 139–151 -conjugated nanoparticles, which resulted in reduced T cell proliferation, increased T cell apoptosis, and a stronger anti-inflammatory response. These findings indicate several potential mechanisms used by peptide-conjugated nanoparticles to induce antigen-specific tolerance.
Tumor–Stroma Interactions in Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Metastasis and associated complications are the major cause of death for cancer patients. The incidence of bone metastasis is among the highest in cancers arising from breast, prostate, and lung. Common skeletal-related events caused by bone metastasis include aberrant bone remodeling (osteolytic, osteoblastic, and mixed), bone pain, fracture, spinal cord compression, and life-threatening hypercalcemia. It is now known that interactions between tumor cells and bone stroma lie at the core of major steps of bone-metastasis progression. Approved pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of bone metastasis, including bisphosphonate and denosumab, were designed to target bone stromal cell components. In recent years, research in our laboratory and others has revealed intricate tumor-stroma interactions as the driving force behind osteolytic bone-metastasis development, providing a set of new candidates for future drug development. Moreover, recent studies also indicate existence of distinct bone niches in supporting hematopoietic stem cell renewal and differentiation. These niche components are likely utilized by metastatic cancer cells for seeding, progression, and therapy resistance of bone metastasis. Future studies in this direction may discover additional therapeutic targets for bone-metastasis treatment.
Integral Formula for Determination of the Reynolds Stress in Canonical Flow Geometries

We present a theoretical framework for solving for the Reynolds stress in turbulent flows, based on fundamental physics of turbulence transport. Results thus far indicate that the good agreement between the current theoretical results with experimental and DNS (direct numerical simulation) data is not a fortuitous coincidence, and in the least the current approach is the best hypothesis available in canonical flow geometries. The theory leads to simple and correct expressions for the Reynolds stress in various flow geometries, in terms of the root variables, such as the mean velocity, velocity gradient, turbulence kinetic energy and a viscous term. The applications for this theory are construction of effective turbulence models based on correct physics, and potentially augmenting or replacing turbulence models in simple flows. However, as the method is thus far proven only for relatively simple flow geometries, and implications and nuances for full, three-dimensional flows need to be further examined.
Carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence: an evaluation of workers at a raw poultry processing plant.

Objectives: Evaluate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among workers at a raw poultry processing plant and categorize jobs on the basis of hand activity and force.Methods: A cross-sect...
Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy

Over a nearly 25-yr period beginning in 1979, four “diabetic renal-retinal syndrome” meetings were held in New York City. They were led by Eli Friedman and Francis L’Esperance, who brought together epidemiologists, bench scientists, clinicians, nephrologists, and ophthalmologists involved in research and clinical care of persons with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (1, 2, 3, 4). The renal-retinal syndrome was defined in these meetings as “coincident kidney and eye diseases resulting from diabetic microvasculopathy in retinal and glomerular arterioles and capillaries” (3). Data from clinical trials over this 25-yr period demonstrated the efficacy of panretinal and focal photocoagulation preventing visual loss owing to proliferative retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema and of intensive glycemic and blood pressure control preventing progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and other vascular complications associated with diabetes (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Despite this, both retinopathy and nephropathy remain prevalent and are important causes of loss of function and quality of life (11, 12, 13, 14).
Percutaneous or surgical access for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis at increased risk for open surgical aortic valve replacement. Although a number of alternative vascular access sites have been developed, transfemoral access is overwhelmingly the dominant access strategy for this procedure. Access was achieved in the initial clinical experience primarily via surgical cutdown, but more recently, there has been increasing use of a fully percutaneous approach. This is likely driven by improvements in technology, more experience with large bore vascular closure devices (VCDs), and pressures to reduce hospital length of stay. This review will describe temporal trends of percutaneous versus surgical transfemoral access, identify the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and describe the best practices for achieving safe transfemoral percutaneous access.
Money matters: participants’ purchasing experiences in a budget authority model of self-directed care

Self-directed care (SDC) is a service delivery model in which individuals diagnosed with a severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) direct their behavioral healthcare by managing an individual b...
Climate Change Marches as Motivators for Bystander Collective Action

Political marches are one of the most public and vocal means of engaging in collective action and can potentially build social movements by increasing the likelihood that bystanders become engaged with the social movement. Here, we conduct a trend study to test the impacts of two back-to-back highly visible large-scale climate change related marches on bystanders, targeting psychological drivers of collective action: efficacy beliefs, perceptions of others’ climate change activism and concerns, impressions of marchers, and behavioral intentions. Participants either completed a survey the day before the March for Science (n = 302) or several days after the People’s Climate March, which occurred a week after the first march (n = 285). Results suggest that the marches were at least partially effective: bystanders’ a) collective efficacy beliefs and b) impressions of marchers improved after the march. In contrast, marches were ineffective in increasing perceptions of others’ engagement with concern about climate change. We anticipated that political leaning of bystanders’ news sources would moderate effects of marches. An unanticipated effect was improved collective efficacy beliefs among consumers of conservative, but not liberal, news. This unanticipated result is consistent with the notion that conservative news sources dedicated less coverage than liberal news sources to the marches prior to the marches (potentially leading to lower collective efficacy among those who consumed these sources), but that coverage afterwards was more equal across ideological bias of news sources. We also found that the more conservative the news sources consumed by an individual, the more negative impressions they had of marchers, and this relation was strongest among those that indicated, after the marches, that they had heard about the marches. These results on impressions are consistent with the notion that, when marches were covered, conservative news sources portrayed relatively more negative portrayals than liberal news sources. Overall, results suggest that marches can increase the likelihood that bystanders will participate in social movements via changes in psychological drivers of participation and the effects will likely depend upon political leanings of news sources via both whether sources mention the marches and how the sources cover about the marches.
Requisite roles of LOX-1, JNK, and arginase in diabetes-induced endothelial vasodilator dysfunction of porcine coronary arterioles.

Abstract Diabetes is associated with cardiac inflammation and impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation, but molecular mechanisms involved in this dysfunction remain unclear. We examined contributions of inflammatory molecules lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), stress-activated kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] and p38), arginase, and reactive oxygen species to coronary arteriolar dysfunction in a porcine model of type 1 diabetes. Coronary arterioles were isolated from streptozocin-induced diabetic pigs and control pigs for vasoreactivity and molecular/biochemical studies. Endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation to serotonin was diminished after 2 weeks of diabetes, without altering endothelium-independent vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside. Superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, NO precursor L-arginine, arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA, anti-LOX-1 antibody or JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI-78D3 improved dilation of diabetic vessels to serotonin. However, hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase, anti-IgG antibody or p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 had no effect. Combined inhibition of arginase and superoxide levels did not further improve vasodilation. Arginase-I mRNA expression, LOX-1 and JNK protein expression, and superoxide levels were elevated in diabetic arterioles. In conclusion, sequential activation of LOX-1, JNK, and L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase-I in diabetes elicits superoxide-dependent oxidative stress and impairs endothelial NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles. Therapeutic targeting of these adverse vascular molecules may improve coronary arteriolar function during diabetes.
RF Exploitation and Detection Techniques using Software Defined Radio: A Survey

In order to mitigate the attacks involved in Radio Frequency (RF), various security techniques are developed in the literature. However, from replay attacks which can steal a car, to GPS attacks tricking vehicles into changing course, there are many threats that still exist today. With advancement of the technology, the vulnerabilities in RF also increases. The reverse engineering technique of wireless signals allows attackers to create dangerous new attacks every day. This paper provides a brief survey of various attack methodologies using software defined radio (SDR) and discusses common threats and defenses in detail.
Efficacy of Mitoxantrone and Etoposide in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Refractory to Initial Standard Induction Therapy.

Abstract The most effective reinduction regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who do not achieve complete remission (CR) after one cycle of cytarabine combined with an anthracycline is not well established. In an effort to search for new synergistic and non-cross resistant antileukemic regimens different chemotherapeutic combinations have been investigated in refractory AML patients. Multiple regimens including high dose cytarabine, anthracyclines, fludarabine and etoposide have been used with CR rates up to 40%. Mitoxantrone and etoposide have activity in AML as induction agents but their role in reinduction in patients not responding to first line therapy has not been fully established. In the current retrospective study we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone and etoposide in AML patients treated at our institution who did not respond to first induction therapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline. A total of fifty seven AML patients were treated with mitoxantrone and etoposide (mean age 55 years, range 18–75 years). Twenty four patients were treated with mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2/d and etoposide 100 mg/m2/d both administered intravenously, days 1 to 5 (regimen 5+5) and thirty three patients were treated with mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2/d administered intravenously days 1 to 3 and etoposide 100 mg/m2/d administered intravenously, days 1 to 5 (regimen 3+5). Twenty six of fifty seven patients (46%) achieved CR. CR was achieved in 38% of patients (9/24) treated with the 5+5 regimen and 52% of patients (17/33) treated with the 3+5 regimen. Mean blast percentage before treatment with mitoxantrone and etoposide was 25% in patients who achieved CR vs 40% in patients who did not achieve CR (p
Novel deazaflavin tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) inhibitors.

Abstract Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a DNA repair enzyme that removes 5′-phosphotyrosyl blockages resulting from topoisomerase II (TOP2)-DNA cleavage complexes trapped by TOP2 inhibitors. TDP2 is a logical target for the development of therapeutics to complement existing treatments based on inhibition of TOP2. There is, however, no TDP2 inhibitor in clinical development at present. Of the reported TDP2 inhibitors, the deazaflavins are the most promising chemical class centered around the lead compound SV-5-153. Recently we reported new subtypes derived within the deazaflavin family with improved membrane permeability properties. In this work we characterize two representative analogues from two new deazaflavin subtypes based on their biochemical TDP2 inhibitory potency and drug-likeness. We demonstrate that the ZW-1288 derivative represents a promising direction for the development of deazaflavins as therapeutic agents. ZW-1288 exhibits potent inhibitory activity at low nanomolar concentrations against recombinant and cellular human TDP2 with profile similar to that of the parent analog SV-5-153 based on high resistance against murine TDP2 and human TDP2 mutated at residue L313H. While expressing weak cytotoxicity on its own, ZW-1288 potentiates the clinical TOP2 inhibitors etoposide (ETP) and mitoxantrone in human prostate DU145 and CCRF-CEM leukemia and chicken lymphoma DT40 cells while not impacting the activity of the topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor camptothecin or the PARP inhibitor olaparib. ZW-1288 increases the uptake of ETP to a lesser extent than SV-5-153 and remained active in TDP2 knockout cells indicating that the deazaflavin TDP2 inhibitors have additional cellular effects that will have to be taken into account for their further development as TDP2 inhibitors.
The Automorphism Group of a Polynomial Algebra

This is a summary of my Ph.D. thesis [8]on which layman Bass reported at the Antwerp meeting in one of his two lectures, the other one of which was devoted to recent developments on the Jacobian conjecture (see [2]).
Customizable Recorder of Animal Kinesis (CRoAK): A multi-axis instrumented enclosure for measuring animal movements

Abstract Accurately quantifying animal activity and movements is of fundamental importance in a broad range of disciplines, from biomedical research to behavioral ecology. In many instances, it is desirable to measure natural movements in controlled sensory environments in which the animals are not physically or chemically restrained, but their movements are nevertheless constrained to occur within a fixed volume. Here, we describe a novel device to quantify the movements of small animals in response to sensory stimulation. The device consists of an Arduino controlled inertial measurement unit that senses angular velocity (along three axes) of a suspended mesh enclosure that temporarily houses the animal subject. We validated the device by measuring the phonotaxis behavior of gravid female frogs in response to acoustic broadcasts of male mating calls. The system, as designed, proved effective at measuring natural movements made in response to acoustic stimulation.
A Case of Asymmetric Nipple Enhancement as an Imaging Precursor to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.

On multidetector computed tomography (CT), it is important to scrutinize the imaged portions of the breasts. In recent years, the dramatic rise in CT imaging has led to the increased detection of incidental breast lesions. We describe a case of invasive ductal carcinoma that presented as stage IV cancer, and retrospective review of prior imaging study revealed asymmetric nipple enhancement on a trauma protocol CT chest acquired three years earlier. This report highlights the importance of being attentive to breast abnormalities on CT performed for indications other than breast disease and additionally focuses on the approach to address abnormal enhancement of the nipple areolar complex (NAC).
Understanding Mormonism: Foundational Sources on its Culture, History, and Theology

Over the past couple of decades, the media and popular culture have been increasingly interested in members of the LDS Church, its leadership, and its practices. With all of this recent interest, it is possible that a religious studies librarian at an institution of higher education or at a theological seminary could conceivably receive an occasional query regarding Mormonism, either out of popular culture curiosity or for academic investigation. This essay will review major sources in this growing field for any who wish to either assist patrons in comparative religion projects related to Mormonism, develop a working collection in Mormon studies, or both.
Restaging critical exhibitions: the will to archive/memorialise/subjectivity

Why and how do we remember exhibitions, who remembers these exhibitions, what are their motivations, and what are the impulses to restage exhibitions? This paper examines the recent curatorial phen...
Examining Muslim Student Experiences with Campus Insensitivity, Coercion, and Negative Interworldview Engagement.

With a sample of 145 Muslim college students attending 50 institutions, a multi-level model was calculated in order to examine the extent to which the minoritized religious and spiritual campus cli...
Gothic Spaces and the Nation in Constance Fenimore Woolson’s Tales of the Great Lakes and Reconstruction

This chapter posits that Constance Fenimore Woolson utilizes Gothic literary elements to critique postbellum sectionalism and resistance to a unified national identity. The chapter examines the novella and titular story of her 1875 collection of short stories, Castle Nowhere, as well as the titular story of her 1880 collection, Rodman the Keeper, with an eye towards the ways in which these stories navigate the complexities of attempts at unification in a stratified nation. Further, this chapter argues that by gothicizing Northern imperialism and industrialism in each text, Woolson envisions a republican nation-state that is dependent upon a kind of moral economy, rather than the remnants of a violent antebellum economy that necessitated the input of both human and spiritual capital.
Digital Platforms and the Demand for International Tourism Services

Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange and employment across developing economies. A scant literature has explored the relationship between tourism and the advent of the internet. This paper contributes to the tourism-trade literature and studies the empirical relationship between international tourism and the adoption of digital technologies that facilitate search about tourism opportunities across countries. It links foreign visits with the spread of the use of the internet in sending countries and the level of development of business-to-consumer digital tools in host countries. The paper estimates a well-specified gravity model of tourist arrivals between country pairs with panel data. The results indicate that frictions affecting bilateral tourism flows have been attenuated by the advent of digital tools. The absolute value of the effects of bilateral geographic distance, language differences, and border-contiguity seem to be reduced by the use of the internet by potential tourists and the business sector in host countries. The results are robust to alternative proxies for internet use for tourism search proxied by data from Google trends. The paper also presents simulations of the potential impacts of advances in the adoption of digital tools over time, linking the adoption process to mechanisms of technology adoption that are commonplace in the literature.
Relatively Benign yet a Reversible Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy secondary to frequent ventricular premature contractions is a well-studied phenomenon; however, there is a paucity of data showing a similar association w...
O34 Change in Employment Status Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, SNAP Participation, and Food Security Status

Background The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in record high unemployment rates that topped the Great Depression. As a result, the prevalence of food insecurity increased exponentially, with Blacks and Latinos experiencing disproportionately higher rates of food insecurity. Objective We examined associations between change in employment status due to the pandemic and food insecurity among a large sample of Black and Latino adults in a Midwestern state. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation to determine if it modified associations between change in employment status and food security status. Study Design, Settings, and Participants We analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected from a volunteer sample of 1,776 Black and Latino adults in 2 waves: May and June/July 2020. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Participants listed their change in employment status as follows: “lost job entirely”, “employed, but had paid hours reduced”, “employed, but anticipate job lost soon”, or “no change”. Participants self-reported SNAP participation status as yes or no and completed the USDA's 6-item U.S. Food Security Module to report food security status. We used logistic regression to assess the significance of associations after controlling for demographics. Results Approximately 15.4% of participants lost their job entirely, 25.7% were receiving SNAP benefits, and 16.4% were experiencing very low food security (VLFS). Change in employment (any type) was significantly associated with increased odds of VLFS after adjusting for demographics. Associations varied by SNAP status. Among SNAP participants, odds of VLFS were 2.91 times higher for those who lost their job compared to “no change” participants. Among non-participants, odds of VLFS were 4.58 times higher for those who lost their job. Conclusion We observed strong associations between complete job loss and food insecurity, which underscores the pandemic's impact on nutritionally vulnerable populations. The strength of associations varied by SNAP participation status.
Developing a PACE Hyperspectral Bio-optical Algorithm Framework for Detection of Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms

A new hyperspectral bio-optical framework is being developed for improved freshwater harmful algal bloom mapping in preparation for the upcoming NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission. Preliminary results for Lake Erie are presented.