cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Health Care Workers' Knowledge and Attitude About HIV/AIDS Related Occupational Exposure

Objective To analyze and summarize knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS related occupational exposure among health workers in medical institutions.Methods Health workers from two hospitals,which were in different economic level and different HIV epidemic level respectively,were investigated.Results Among the health workers,77.5% had occupational exposures;49.1% didn't know how to handle the occupational exposure;50.3% didn't know the time of taking precautionary medicine;70.4% did not participate the standard protection training;27.5% thought it was dangerous to do HIV routine check;43.8% would not contact HIV/AIDS if they knew the infection;and 41.0% would give up the operation.Conclusion Health workers face a situation of higher percentage of occupational exposure;however,they lack HIV/AIDS related knowledge,skills and standard protection training.In addition,among the health workers,there is overprotection by no contact or the surgery of HIV/AIDS refusal.
High-Dose Vitamin D2 Supplementation for 1 Year Does not Cause Serious Adverse Events Such as Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalizations in African American Men with a High Burden of Chronic Disease.

The observational studies of vitamin D supplements had been associated with improved health outcomes without significant adverse consequences (1,2). The randomized controlled trials (RCT), however, had been inconclusive and vitamin D combined with calcium supplements increased the risk of nephrolithiasis (1,2). The Institute of Medicine warned about using high doses of vitamin D and suggested 25(OH)D serum level >50 ng/ml as possibly associated with higher health risks (2). There had been no detail reports of serious adverse events (SAE) from a long-term (≥a year) RCT using high dose (≥50,000 IU/week) vitamin D (1). The present study examined SAE from a high dose vitamin D supplement in African American men (AAM).
MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF IRON UPTAKE PROTEINS IN THE BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER CLONE OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS

Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (H. aegyptius) is the etiological agent of Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF), a recently described pediatric disease that is often fatal. The vascular destruction that occurs in this disease is a distinctive trait, and little is known about the mechanism(s) of the overwhelming purpura fulminans that causes the high mortality associated with this pediatric infection. Iron is an essential micronutrient for nearly all living cells, and the mechanisms used by bacteria to acquire and internalize iron are often associated with virulence. Therefore, the focus of our studies is the molecular characterization of the iron uptake system used by H. aegyptius. Specifically, we are investigating the high-affinity transferrin binding proteins in the bacterial outer membrane, components of ABC transporter systems, and a possible regulatory mechanism for the genes encoding these proteins. A detailed understanding of the molecular nature of the regulatory genetic components and proteins involved in the acquisition of iron will broaden the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease caused by H. aegyptius and will also lead to a better understanding of the nature of other infections that affect the vascular system.
Beyond access: barriers to internet health information seeking among the urban poor.

Objective Communication inequalities deepen health disparities even when internet access is achieved. The goal of this study is to understand how a range of barriers may inhibit individuals from low socioeconomic position (SEP) from engaging with online health information even when it is freely available. Materials and methods Detailed data were collected from 118 low-SEP individuals from a randomized controlled trial providing internet access. Measures triangulated the health-seeking experience through internet use tracked in real-time, call log data, and self-reported barriers. Negative binomial regression models were fitted with technology and perceived predictors, and our outcome, health information seeking, and then stratified by medical status. Results Participants experienced a median of two computer issues (median 6 days) and two internet issues (median 6.5 days). Duration of internet problems was associated with a decrease in the rate of internet health information seeking by a factor of 0.990 ( P = .03) for each additional day. Participants with a medical problem who were frustrated in their search for health information had half the rate of health information seeking of those who were not frustrated (incidence rate ratio = 0.395, P = .030). Discussion Despite IT support, participants still experienced internet connectivity issues that negatively impacted their health information seeking. Frustration in their search to find information may serve as an additional barrier to those who have medical issues. Conclusion After initial internet access, a second-level digital divide emerged due to connectivity issues, highlighting the need to understand the complex network of barriers experienced by low-SEP internet users.
Multispectral Face Imaging and Analysis

This chapter addresses the advantages of using multispectral narrow-band images for face recognition, as opposed to conventional broad-band images obtained by color or monochrome cameras. Narrow-band images are by definition taken over a very small range of wavelengths, while broad-band images average the information obtained over a wide range of wavelengths. There are two primary reasons for employing multispectral imaging for face recognition.
Parallel Solver for \boldsymbol{H}(div) Problems Using Hybridization and AMG

A scalable parallel solver for \(\boldsymbol{H}\)(div) problems discretized by arbitrary order finite elements on general unstructured meshes is proposed. The solver is based on hybridization and algebraic multigrid (AMG). The hybridization part of the solver requires the fine-grid element matrix information. Weak and strong scaling are examined through several numerical tests which demonstrate that the proposed solver provides a competitive alternative to ADS (Kolev and Vassilevski, SIAM J Sci Comput 34(6):A3079–A3098, 2012), a state-of-the-art solver for \(\boldsymbol{H}\)(div) problems. In fact, it outperforms ADS for higher order elements.
Can a bottom-moored echo sounder array provide a survey-comparable index of abundance?

A small number of stationary echo sounders have the potential to produce abundance indices where fish repeatedly occupy localized areas (e.g., spawning grounds). To investigate this possibility, we...
Antibacterial effects of carbon dots in combination with other antimicrobial reagents.

This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of CDots in combination with other antimicrobial reagents, including H2O2, Na2CO3, and AcOH (acetic acid). CDots were synthesized and passivated with 2,2’-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EDA). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CDots was 64 μg/mL on both Gram negative bacteria E.coli cells and Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis cells. When CDots were combined with H2O2, antibacterial synergistic effects were observed based on the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, and further confirmed by an isobologram analysis and viable cell number counting methods. With the combination treatment of 10 μg/mL CDots with 8.82 mM H2O2, the viable E.coli cell numbers decreased 2.46 log, which was significant lower than the log reduction from 8.82 mM H2O2 (1.57 log) or 10 μg/mL CDots (0.14 log) treatment alone. However, the combination of CDots with Na2CO3 or AcOH did not show synergistic effects, instead, exhibiting indifference effects according to the FIC index. This study indicated that the combination of CDots with their synergistic antimicrobial reagents, such as H2O2, could reach the goal of inhibiting bacteria growth by using lower concentration of each individual chemical in the combination than using one chemical treatment alone, reduce the risks imposed on environmental health and the possibilities of the development of microbial resistances.
Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Critical Analysis Review.

Osteochondral lesions of the talus remain difficult pathological entities to treat and require the utilization of a combination of conventional radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance images to determine osseous involvement. Along with the size of the lesion, these characteri
Mitigating the impedance-based interaction in DC distributed power systems

This paper presents a method to eliminate the sensitivity of impedance-interaction between source and load converters in a DC distributed power system (DPS). The impedance-interaction adversely alters the dynamic performance of the switched-mode converters, in a DPS, leading to destabilizing the voltage at their point of interface. Therefore, the proposed method lowers the interaction level by shaping the magnitude of the source converter output impedance (Z o (s)). Reducing the magnitude of Z o (s) mitigates the impedance-interaction and, consequently, improves the dynamic performance of each converter. The proposed controller utilizes the output voltage (V o ) of the source converter in order to reduce |Z o (s)| by a factor of (1 + V o ). The controller is effective with output voltages as low as 1 V because 1 V will reduce |Z o (s)| by 6 dB. The controller was experimentally validated in order to prove the offered theoretical analyses and time-based simulations.
Biodegradation of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), the most powerful chemical explosive known, is not degraded by activated sludge. However, alkaline hydrolysis coupled with aerobic microbial treatment is a viable option for CL-20 removal from waste streams. Furthermore, the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades CL-20 in the presence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen at CL-20 concentrations of up to 100 mg/l, with fungal growth not affected at CL-20 concentrations of up to 500 mg/l. A logistic kinetic growth model fits CL-20 biodegradation data very well. Three main possible pathways for CL-20 biodegradation are possible, all leading to similar end-products.
Unlearning from demonstration

When doing learning from demonstration, it is often the case that the demonstrator provides corrective examples to fix errant behavior by the agent or robot. We present a set of algorithms which use this corrective data to identify and remove noisy examples in datasets which caused errant classifications, and ultimately errant behavior. The objective is to actually modify the source datasets rather than solely rely on the noise-insensitivity of the classification algorithm. This is particularly useful in the sparse datasets often found in learning from demonstration experiments. Our approach tries to distinguish between noisy misclassification and mere undersampling of the learning space. If errors are a result of misclassification, we potentially remove the responsible points and update the classifier. We demonstrate our method on UCI Machine Learning datasets at different levels of sparsity and noise, using decision trees, K-Nearest-Neighbor, and support vector machines.
Hydrometeorological data collection networks

A crucial element in the development of a Flood Forecasting Program is a real-time data collection network. Data requirements vary, depending on lead time necessary to provide early warning of impending floods or for providing information on management of water control systems. Areas discussed include data requirements for major river floods; flash floods; snowmelt floods; and water management information. Collecting hydrometeorological data manually; using automated gages utilizing telephone, radio, and satellite; and by remote sensing using radar, satellites, and aircraft are discussed. Implementation of networks in the United States is described.
Generosity, terror, and the good for humans

If there is something in philosophy that can appeal to everybody, something it has to offer anyone, it is the ideal of a self-critical life—a life lived reflectively, submitting belief and action to dispassionate examination. For sure, not all make this ideal their own, but that is at their expense and to the detriment of the fullness of their lives. As citizens of our country and of the world, we all have the duty to consider objectively matters of public interest and to deliberate carefully about the course history will take in the years to come. If we measure our obligation merely consequentially, and in order to justify our complacency ask “what is the point of considering these issues when I have no way of actually influencing the course of events?” then we are denying our humanity. We can all live according to truth and the good; and in order to do so, we must each consider and confront, within the measure of our capabilities, the circumstances we share with our fellow humans.
Inspecting the Merit System’s “Pivotal Idea”: Does Competitive Examination Increase the Qualifications and Quality of the U.S. Federal Service?

According to its designers, the U.S. merit system centered on a “pivotal idea”: The civil service would use “open, fair, honest, impartial, competitive examination” to find the people “best fitted ...
Cancer patterns and trends in Costa Rica: A population-based tumor registry study.

e13605Background: Recent economic and social changes in low- and middle-income countries in Latin American have influenced the raise of non-communicable diseases including cancer. Data from cancer ...
Rapid high density cryogenic pressure vessel filling to 345 bar with a liquid hydrogen pump

Abstract Cryogenic pressurized hydrogen (H2) vessels promise maximum storage density with potential to enabling practical H2 vehicles with maximum driving autonomy and minimum cost of ownership. This paper contributes to a more complete evaluation of the benefits of cryogenic vessel technology by establishing a methodology for evaluating fill density for any initial vessel thermodynamic state. This is accomplished by analyzing 24 cryogenic pressure vessel fill experiments with a liquid hydrogen (LH2) pump manufactured by Linde and installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, CA) campus. The LH2 piston pump takes LH2 from the station Dewar at near ambient pressure (3 bar) and very low temperature (24.6 K) and pressurizes it to the vessel pressure in two stages of compression, up to 875 bar, although the rating of the cryogenic vessel used for these experiments limits fill pressure to 345 bar. Experiments spanned initial vessel temperatures from ambient to 22 K, enabling pump testing over a broad range of conditions. Experimental results confirm many of the virtues that make LH2 pumping a promising technology for H2 dispensing, both for filling cryogenic as well as ambient temperature vessels: high throughput (1.67 kg/min, 100 kg/h), unlimited capacity for back to back refueling, low electricity consumption at the station due to high density of LH2 minimizing compression work, and highest fill density, up to 80 g/L (estimated) when dispensing cryogenic hydrogen at 700 + bar. Analysis of the experiments shows that fill density can be predicted with reasonable accuracy (±0.7 g/L) by assuming 10 kJ/kg K cryogenic vessel inlet entropy (pump delivery hose outlet entropy). Fill lines are finally generated on a H2 phase diagram, producing charts that can be used for rapidly determining fill density for any vessel condition at the moment of fill initiation.
Neuroethics in Educational Technology: Keeping the Brain in Mind When Developing Frameworks for Ethical Decision-Making

Cyberlearning involves the convergence of psychology, education, learning technologies, computer science, engineering, and information science. Given the similar rate of advances in the educational neuroscience over the past couple decades, there is a growing interest in interaction between neuroscience and education. While cyberlearning has called attention to the stimulating potential that these new technologies (and the research behind them) have to offer, less emphasis has been placed upon the moral and ethical issues that may result from the widespread use of the learning technologies and neuroscience. This chapter aims to offer a first attempt at discussing some of the ethical issues inherent in brain-based cyberlearning research and practice.
CHAPTER 21 – Bacillus thuringiensis in Biological Control

The insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is the most successful commercial biological control agent of insect pests. B.t. is a spore-forming bacterium that can be readily isolated on simple media such as the nutrient agar from a variety of habitats including soil, water, plants, grain dust, dead insects, and insect feces. There are two principal active components in the commercial preparations of B.t., the spore and parasporal body. For most insect pests, the parasporal body that consists of one or more insecticidal toxin proteins accounts for most of the formulation's activity, including initial paralysis followed by death. The spore can play an important role in the pathogenicity of B.t. to certain insect species, but the parasporal body causes rapid paralysis and ultimate death of most target species. The parasporal body consists of one or more Cry 6-endotoxins, and though the three-dimensional structure of three of these is now known from X-ray crystallographic studies, the mode of action of these toxins at the molecular level has not been resolved. The analysis of B.t. cry gene sequences shows that the active portion of Cry toxin molecules contains five blocks of conserved amino acids distributed along the molecule and a highly variable region within the C-terminal half.
In vivo expression of the B7 costimulatory molecule by subsets of antigen-presenting cells and the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease

The B-lymphocyte/accessory-cell activation antigen B7 (BB1) has been shown in vitro to stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production via CD28 present on the latter cells. In this study, benign lymphoid tissues, lymphomas, and extralymphoid inflammatory sites were examined immunohistochemically using anti-B7 and other relevant monoclonal antibodies. B7 was expressed by benign transformed germinal center B cells, as it was by B cells of follicular lymphomas. B7 was also expressed by a subpopulation (a mean of 31% to 65%) of macrophages and dendritic cells in a variety of lymphoid tissues. It was present in abundance on all macrophages constituting sarcoid granulomas in lymph nodes. In extralymphoid inflammation, 17% to 35% of macrophages expressed B7 only weakly. Cases of Hodgkin's disease showed expression of B7 by the majority of Reed-Sternberg cells or malignant mononuclear variants, a phenomenon that potentially contributes to the lymphocytic accumulation that is a feature of this condition. CD28+ T cells were seen in all areas where T cells were present. B7+ and CD28+ cells colocalized in, for example, lymphoid follicles, lymph node paracortex, sarcoid granulomas, and Hodgkin's disease tissue, indicating a potential for cellular interaction via these molecules at these sites.
Can Acquired Skill and Technology Mitigate Age-Related Declines in Learning Rate?

The past few decades have seen a reversal in the trend toward earlier retirement that followed the introduction of public pension systems. Further, workers in the very large baby boom cohort have expressed a strong desire to continue working past traditional retirement ages. Workers, even those in the later decades (e.g., 70s), are choosing to stay in the paid labor force longer. Given age-related changes in abilities such as cognition, an important question is: how do these changes affect work productivity? I review evidence about cognitive decline with age and whether increased knowledge and acquired skill can compensate for such decline. I suggest that learning rate declines with age may explain changes in motivation by workers to engage in training and retraining. I also suggest a framework—rehabilitate, augment, substitute (RAS)—that points toward technology and training interventions to support people working safely and productively over lengthening work careers.
Topic Modeling and Facet Analysis of an Emerging Domain: Research Data Management and Data Curation

Research data management (RDM) is often seen as the overarching field that permits research data to be managed, and is related to the field of data curation (DC), a subset of digital curation. Together, RDM and DC (RDM/DC) allow information professionals to work with clients and each other to make data available in support of the research enterprise. An emerging area of scholarly communication, RDM/DC represents a rich area of study from the perspective of knowledge organization (KO). This paper explores the following research question: What can facet analysis tell us about the emerging field of RDM/DC? First, the MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit (MALLET) implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used for topic modelling of abstracts of the RDM/DC scholarly literature. A preliminary analysis of this empirical data by the research team yields a number of topics and, when possible, their relevant aspects or contexts. Facet analysis principles are next applied to these results, producing four general facets: Practice, Stakeholders, Resources, and Study of RDM/DC; however, complex notions infused throughout the field such as “services” and “metadata” do not appear outright in the analysis. Each facet is then further explored through logical division, and the resulting system is encoded in Protege and visualized using WebVOWL. We conclude that the major areas of emphasis in this data-intensive field will be fundamentally of interest to those in LIS, in scholarly communication, and perhaps increasingly, in KO and other fields that manage and make available data of all kinds.
Gender minority stress, sleep disturbance, and sexual victimization in transgender and gender nonconforming adults

Objective The current study examined facets of gender minority stress (nonaffirmation, internalized transphobia) and protective factors (community connectedness, transgender identity pride) as potential moderators of the relationship between sexual victimization and sleep disturbances among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults. Methods TGNC adults (n = 191) were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The average age was 30.28 years old (SD = 7.09; range 18-71) and the majority (55%) identified in the transfemale spectrum. Results Results demonstrated a significant two-way interaction between sexual victimization and internalized transphobia, such that sexual victimization was more strongly related to sleep disturbances when internalized transphobia was low (β = .14, p = .017) relative to high (β = -0.09, p = .221). Conclusions This study is the first to establish the relationship between sexual victimization and sleep disturbances in TGNC individuals. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings longitudinally.
The Effects of Eating a High Fat Diet on Sensitivity of Male and Female Rats to Methamphetamine and Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonist SKF 82958

Rats eating high fat chow are more sensitive to the behavioral effects of dopaminergic drugs, including methamphetamine and the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole, than rats eating standard chow. However, limited work has explored possible sex differences regarding the impact of diet on drug sensitivity. It is also unknown whether eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of rats to other dopamine (e.g., D1) receptor agonists. To explore these possibilities, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats eating standard laboratory chow (17% kcal from fat) or high fat chow (60% kcal from fat) were tested once per week for 6 weeks with dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 (0.01-3.2 mg/kg) or methamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) using cumulative dosing procedures. Eating high fat chow increased sensitivity of male and female rats to methamphetamine-induced locomotion; however, only female rats eating high fat chow were more sensitive to SKF 82958-induced locomotion. SKF 82958-induced eye blinking was also marginally, although not significantly, enhanced among female rats eating high fat chow, but not males. Further, although dopamine D2 receptor expression was significantly increased for SKF 82958-treated rats eating high fat chow regardless of sex, no differences were observed in dopamine D1 receptor expression. Taken together, the present study suggests that although eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of both sexes to dopaminergic drugs, the mechanism driving this effect might be different for males versus females. These data further demonstrate the importance of studying both sexes simultaneously when investigating factors that influence drug sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although it is known that diet can impact sensitivity to some dopaminergic drugs, sex differences regarding this effect are not well characterized. This report demonstrates that eating a high fat diet enhances sensitivity to methamphetamine, regardless of sex; however, sensitivity to dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 is increased only among females eating high fat chow, but not males. This suggests that the mechanism(s) driving diet-induced changes in drug sensitivity might be different between sexes.
Acid Sensing Ion Channel 2a Is Reduced in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure Mouse Model and Increases Seizure Susceptibility in Pregnant Mice

Eclampsia is diagnosed in pregnant women who develop novel seizures. Our laboratory showed that the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia displays reduced latency to drug-induced seizures. While acid sensing ion channels (ASIC1a and 3) are important for reducing seizure longevity and severity, the role of ASIC2a in mediating seizure sensitivity in pregnancy has not been investigated. We hypothesized that 1) RUPP reduces hippocampal ASIC2a, and 2) pregnant mice with reduced ASIC2a (ASIC2a+/−) have increased seizure sensitivity. On gestational day 18.5, hippocampi from sham and RUPP C57BL/6 mice were harvested, and ASIC2a was assessed using Western blot. Pregnant wild-type and ASIC2a+/− mice received 40 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazol (i.p.) and were video recorded for 30 min. Behaviors were scored using a modified Racine scale (0–7: 0 = no seizure; 7 = respiratory arrest/death). Seizure severity was classified as mild (score = 1–3) or severe (score = 4–7). RUPP mice had reduced hippocampal and placental ASIC2a protein. ASIC2a+/− mice had reduced latency to seizures, increased seizure duration, increased severe seizure duration, and higher maximum seizure scores. Reduced hippocampal ASIC2a in RUPP mice and increased seizure activity in pregnant ASIC2a+/− mice support the hypothesis that reduced ASIC2a increases seizure sensitivity associated with the RUPP.
A FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING POTENTIAL PRODUCT IMPACT DURING PRODUCT DESIGN

The impact of products is becoming a topic of concern in society. Product impact may fall under the categories of economic, environmental, or social impact and is defined by the effect of a product on day-to-day life. Design teams lack sufficient tools to predict the impact of products they are designing. In this paper we present a framework for the prediction of product impact during product design. This framework integrates models of the product, scenario, society, and impact into an agent-based model to predict product impact. Although this paper focuses on social impact, the framework can also be applied to economic or environmental impacts. An illustration of using the framework is also presented. Agent-based modeling has been used previously for adoption models, but it has not been extended to predict product impact. Having tools for impact prediction allows for optimizing the product design parameters to increase potential positive impact and reduce potential negative impact.
Formal Methods in Cyberphysical Systems

To improve the state-of-theart practice of applying formal methods to cyberphysical systems, we briefly discuss the evolution of these methods and also summarize four research efforts to close the current capability gaps in their application.
Does electronic health record use improve hospital financial performance? Evidence from panel data.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the impact of electronic health record (EHR) adoption on hospital financial performance. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH We constructed a longitudinal panel using data from the three secondary sources: (a) the 2007-2010 American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey, (b) the 2007-2010 AHA Annual Survey Information Technology Supplement, and (c) the 2007-2011 Medicare Cost Reports from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Because potential financial benefits attributable to EHR adoption may take some time to accrue, we ran regressions with lags of 1 and 2 years that included hospital and year fixed effects to examine the relationship between the level of EHR adoption and three hospital financial performance measures. FINDINGS A change in the level of EHR adoption was not associated with changes in operating margin or return on assets within hospitals. However, total margin was significantly improved, after 2 years, in hospitals that moved from no EHR to having a comprehensive EHR in all areas of their hospital (β = 0.030, p < .034). On the other hand, hospitals that increased their level of EHR adoption but did not achieve hospital-wide comprehensive adoption did not experience changes in any financial performance measures examined. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The improvements in total margin, as opposed to operating margin, are likely due to hospital incentive payments under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act that are reflected in nonpatient revenues and therefore show up in total margin calculations. Thus, after 2 years of EHR adoption, hospital financial performance is observed to improve based only on meaningful use incentive payments. More research will be needed to determine whether EHR adoption impacts financial performance on a longer time horizon.
Defect relations of holomorphic curves and their associated curves in CPm

A holomorphic curve f := (f0,...,fm) in an m-dimensional complex projective space CP m is nothing but a system of entire functions {fj}m j=0 in the complex line C, which have no common zeros. It is nondegenerate if and only if there is no linear relations among the fJ's. The defect relation for non-degenerate holomorphic curves in CP m was obtained by Ahlfors [i] and Cartan [2]. This defect relation is in terms of a (generalized) Nevanlinna characteristic function for f. The characteristic function defined by Cartan [2] for a system of entire functions is essentially the same as the order function defined by Weyl [7] for the corresponding holomorphic curve, which was then used in [i]. A modern treatment of the work by Ahlfors and Weyl can be found in Wu [8]. However, a holomorphic curve in CP m might lie in a projective linear subspace of CP m. My first result is
Traumatic brain injury.

Despite prevention efforts, pediatric head trauma remains the most common cause of serious injury and death in children. Seventy-five percent of children who are hospitalized secondary to trauma, sustain head trauma. Most pediatric head trauma is mild in severity, although central nervous system (CNS) injury is the most common cause of pediatric traumatic death [22]. The overall incidence is 200–300 cases per 100,000 in the population annually. Deaths from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) occur at an alarming rate of 7,000 annually [20]. This is especially concerning when considering that upwards of 20–40% of the injuries are preventable. The financial burden on individuals and society is immense, and is estimated at $7.5 billion annually in the United States. Many childhood survivors of severe TBI are left with varying degrees of permanent disability.
The nuclear cycle of the myxomycete Echinostelium minutum

The nuclear DNA content of amoebae and protoplasmodia of five sublines of Echinostelium minutum , isolate D-3, has been determined by Feulgen-cytophotometry. Measurements of three of the sublines (D-3 1965, 1966, and 1967) gave a mean DNA value for the amoebal nuclear DNA of 0.57 and a mean DNA value for the protoplasmodial nuclear DNA of 0.58. In the two remaining sublines (D-3 1971 and 1976) the amoebae had a mean nuclear DNA value of 1.87, and the corresponding nuclear DNA value for the protoplasmodia was 1.88. These data suggest that the plasmodia of E. minutum D-3 develop apogamically, with no alternation of distinct haploid and diploid life cycle stages. Furthermore, these data indicate that E. minutum D-3 has undergone a ploidal increase, with the ploidal level of the 1971 and 1976 sublines being approximately three times greater than that of the 1965 subline.
Tuna: A Love Story, by Richard Ellis

This is a book that culinary educators should put on our “must read” list. Richard Ellis has written 16 other books on endangered fish and mammals, and in this book he describes the disturbing plig...
Stem Cell Labeling for Delivery and Tracking Using Noninvasive Imaging (Krattchman, D. and Wu, J., Eds.; 2012) [Book Reviews]

This book contains 24 chapters and is divided into three main sections: an overview of stem cell sources and characteristics, cell labeling and imaging techniques, and clinical applications.
Targeted disruption of the glucose transporter 4 selectively in muscle causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is growing worldwide. By the year 2020, 250 million people will be afflicted1. Most forms of type 2 diabetes are polygenic with complex inheritance patterns, and penetrance is strongly influenced by environmental factors2. The specific genes involved are not yet known, but impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is an early, genetically determined defect that is present in non-diabetic relatives of diabetic subjects3. The rate-limiting step in muscle glucose use is the transmembrane transport of glucose mediated by glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 (ref. 4), which is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart and adipose tissue5. GLUT4 mediates glucose transport stimulated by insulin and contraction/exercise. The importance of GLUT4 and glucose uptake in muscle, however, was challenged by two recent observations. Whereas heterozygous GLUT4 knockout mice show moderate glucose intolerance6, homozygous whole-body GLUT4 knockout (GLUT4-null) mice have only mild perturbations in glucose homeostasis and have growth retardation, depletion of fat stores, cardiac hypertrophy and failure, and a shortened life span7. Moreover, muscle-specific inactivation of the insulin receptor results in minimal, if any, change in glucose tolerance8. To determine the importance of glucose uptake into muscle for glucose homeostasis, we disrupted GLUT4 selectively in mouse muscles. A profound reduction in basal glucose transport and near-absence of stimulation by insulin or contraction resulted. These mice showed severe insulin resistance and glucose intolerance from an early age. Thus, GLUT4-mediated glucose transport in muscle is essential to the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis.
Wax in coral mucus: Energy transfer from corals to reef fishes1

Mucus from a variety of reef corals has been found to contain wax ester (cetyl palmitate) and triglycerides. Observation revealed extensive mucus feeding by many species of reef fishes. When coral mucus is artificially dispersed fish assemble and avidly ingest it. Coral mucus could be an energy source linking the coral producer and small fish consumers in reef communities.
Obstetrician-gynecologists are primary physicians to women.

Abstract Our studies of the practice patterns of Michigan obstetrician-gynecologists indicate that they serve in a dual capacity: that of primary physicians to women and that of specialist obstetrician-gynecologists. They provide a considerable amount of general medical care for their own patients in the former role, and traditional specialist services for their own patients and for those referred by other physicians in the latter. The objectives and educational content of most house officer training programs do not reflect these changes. Training is directed almost exclusively toward preparing residents for specialty practice and often does not offer them basic experience and permit them to develop basic skills in other disciplines, notably internal medicine and psychiatry, which they will need to practice as primary physicians to women. An educational program designed to prepare residents more broadly for what they will actually be doing in practice without compromising their training as specialists is described.
A new current mode control for higher noise immunity and faster transient response in multi-phase operation

This paper presents a new current mode control using charge control concept to improve the performances of the constant on time control. These days, constant on time control is widely used in VR applications for its higher light load efficiency and higher bandwidth design capability. In this constant on time configuration, inductor current ripple based current mode control is very popular in today's industry because of its excellent small signal property with simple compensation network. The issue of this ripple based current mode control is that when the inductor current ripple becomes very small because of ripple cancellation effect in multiphase operation, control becomes very noise sensitive and create jittering at the output. Another issue in multiphase operation is — limited pulse overlapping capability at heavy load step up transient might create large undershoot at the output. In this paper, a new current mode constant on time control, based on charge control concept, is presented to improve the load step up transient performance in multiphase operation by achieving natural and linear pulse overlapping without adding any nonlinear control and to improve the noise immunity at ripple cancellation point without adding any external ramp into the system. Simulation and hardware test results in standard VR platform are also presented to verify the proposed concept.
Mechanism of Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbene Formation from Diazo Compounds

A large and normal nitrogen-15 kinetic isotope effect of 1.035 ± 0.003 provides direct support for the proposed mechanism for the rhodium-catalyzed carbene formation from diazo compounds, which involves the fast formation of a metal−diazo complex followed by rate-limiting extrusion of N2. The large magnitude of the KIE indicates extensive C−N bond fission in the transition state.
Photoexcited and photostimulated luminescence and conduction in zinc silicate single crystals with deep centers and traps

Abstract Concurrent measurements of photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and photostimulated current (PSC) at 77–400°K on crystalline zinc silicate:Mn+2 with and without arsenic provide direct evidence of the involvement of the conduction band in the phosphorescence (PP) process. The PL, peaked at 525nm, remains relatively constant over the temperature range whereas the PC, 102 to 103 times higher than dark current, exhibits a exp (-E/KT) dependence suggesting a trap influenced conduction process. Both PSL and PSC, strongly dependent on temperature, exhibit two peaks near 123 to 173°K and 313 to 333°K and a minimum near 233°K. The long term decay rate of PSL is somewhat temperature dependent, considerably reduced by the As doping and much faster than that of PSC. This requires theoretical interpretation involving several electron traps interacting with the Mn+2 center via the conduction band.
Text and knowledge mining for coreference resolution

Traditionally coreference is resolved by satisfying a combination of salience, syntactic, semantic and discourse constraints. The acquisition of such knowledge is time-consuming, difficult and error-prone. Therefore, we present a knowledge minimalist methodology of mining coreference rules from annotated text corpora. Semantic consistency evidence, which is a form of knowledge required by coreference, is easily retrieved from WordNet. Additional consistency knowledge is discovered by a meta-bootstrapping algorithm applied to unlabeled texts.
Regulation of phospholipid synthesis by intracellular phospholipases in fetal rabbit type II pneumocytes.

Abstract Exposure of fetal type II pneumocytes to phospholipase A 2 inhibitors led to significantly reduced choline uptake and decreased synthesis of total and disaturated phosphatidylcholines from both [ methyl - 14 C ]choline and [9,10(n)- 3 H]palmitate precursors. The percentage of the total synthesized phosphatidylcholine recovered as disaturated phosphatidylcholine was increased when compared to that in control cultures, suggesting that unsaturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis was reduced to a greater extent than that of the disaturated species. Synthesis of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine from labeled palmitate was also reduced, whereas that of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol was significantly increased. Addition of phospholipase C resulted in increased synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from both labeled precursors; no significant changes were found in synthesis of most of the other 3 H-labeled lipids. Added phospholipase A 2 did not lead to any changes in either choline or palmitate incorporation. However, when melittin (a phospholipase A 2 activator) was added to the cultures, greater incorporation of both palmitate and choline was observed, along with a significant increase in the percentage of total cellular radioactivity in 14 C-labeled lipids, indicating also stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. A marked increase in CTP:phosphorylcholine cytidylyltransferase activity was found after treatment of the cultures with phospholipase C. Exposure to quinacrine also increased the activity of this enzyme. Addition of phospholipase C and melittin to prelabeled pneumocyte cultures accelerated degradation of cell phospholipids and the release of free fatty acids as the main degradation products. These findings suggest that intracellular phospholipases are regulators of synthesis of surfactant phospholipids in fetal type II pneumocytes, and that activation or inhibition of these phospholipases could represent a mechanism through which hormones and pharmacological agents modify surfactant and other phospholipid synthesis.
An example of an almost greedy uniformly bounded orthonormal basis for Lp(0,1)

We construct a uniformly bounded orthonormal almost greedy basis for L"p(0,1), 12, to the class of almost greedy bases.
Intestinal growth factors: Potential use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and their role in mucosal healing

Background: A key feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is impaired epithelial repair. Human growth factors comprise an array of signaling molecules that lead to ligand-specific signal transduction. Their downstream effects are associated with several cellular functions including epithelial healing in response to injury. Several studies have described specific growth factor deficiencies in patients with IBD, implicating their role in disease pathophysiology. The aim of this review was to describe currently known enterocyte-targeted growth factors, their mechanisms of action, and their potential therapeutic utility. Methods: The National Library of Medicine (http://www.pubmed.gov) and meeting abstracts were searched using the following terms: growth factor, intestine, colon, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colitis, animal model, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, activins, growth hormone, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), glucagon-like peptide II, granulocyte macrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and trefoil factors. Results: Several growth factors are therapeutic candidates in IBD. Growth hormone, KGF, EGF, teduglutide, GM-CSF/G-CSF have entered early clinical trials, whereas others are currently in preclinical evaluation. Conclusions: There are several growth factors responsible for epithelial repair. Preliminary studies using recombinant growth factors seem promising in IBD preclinical and clinical trials. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
The effect of temperature on the oxygen consumption and developmental rate of the embryos of Callinectessapidus Rathbun

Abstract Development of Callinectes sapidus Rathbun embryos spawned early in the reproductive season in North Carolina waters (water temperatures 12–16°C) was compared with that of embryos spawned later in the reproductive season (water temperatures >24°C). The time required for hatching in the embryos spawned early and maintained at 16°C, was five times longer than that observed for the summer embryos cultured at 26°C. Q 10 values for individual stages ranged from 5.2 to 6.0. This prolonged rate may, in part, be the result of a diapause prevailing during the gastrula stage. The ecological significance of this phenomenon is discussed. Oxygen consumption was measured at the two incubation temperatures. Unlike the Q 10 values for development, the values obtained for respiration were much lower and approximated 2.0. The reason for this lack of correlation between the Q 10 values for developmental and respiration rate is uncertain. Similar to the developmental rate results, the gastrula stage exhibited the most pronounced temperature effect as respiration was significantly depressed only in the gastrula stage at 16°C. This may be further evidence for the suggestion of a diapause at this stage.
Comparison of WHO and CDC growth charts in predicting pulmonary outcomes in cystic fibrosis.

Early nutritional status as measured by weight-for-age (WFA) or weight-for-length (WFL) has been correlated with progression of lung disease and survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) (1–4). Furthermore, better nutrition status at 3 to 4 years of life is associated with better lung function, fewer complications, and better survival (5,6). Malnutrition is usually the earliest manifestation in infants with CF (1); however, recovery of birth weight z score within 2 years of diagnosis of CF has been shown to be positively associated with a better lung function status at 6 years (7). After the age 2 years, a higher baseline body mass index (BMI), WFA maintenance above the tenth percentile, and/or a slower rate of decline in BMI are associated with a slower rate of decline in lung function (5,8). Because of the importance of nutrition on growth, and hence pulmonary function, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) issued a clinical practice guideline in 2008 recommending early detection and aggressive treatment for undernutrition (9) and that children reach a WFL status ≥50th percentile by age 2 years on the traditional 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts (10). Since that time, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the CDC have recommended using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts (11) to monitor growth of all of the children from birth to 2 years of age (12). The 2 charts differ markedly, and children ages >3 months with similar anthropometric measurements appear better nourished on the WHO charts than when plotted on the CDC growth charts. Thus, we examined implications on pulmonary function outcomes using the WHO growth charts while maintaining the current CFF recommendation of ≥50th percentile for WFL status. The primary objective of the present study was to examine pulmonary function outcomes at 6 years stratified by growth at 2 years using the different growth standards. Specifically, we examined the association between WFL and WFA at 2 years and the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1p) at 6 years when using the WHO versus CDC percentiles. Secondary objectives included examining the association between weight change from ages 2 to 6 years and maximum FEV1p and other factors associated with maximum FEV1p.