cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity confers colony-level benefits due to individual immunity

Several costs and benefits arise as a consequence of eusociality and group-living. With increasing group size, spread of disease among nest-mates poses selective pressure on both individual immunity and group-level mechanisms of disease resistance (social immunity). Another factor known to influence colony-level expression of disease is intracolony genetic diversity, which in honeybees (Apis mellifera) is a direct function of the number of mates of the queen. Colonies headed by queens with higher mating numbers have less variable infections of decreased intensity, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. By pathogen-challenging larvae in vitro, we decoupled larval immune response from mechanisms of social immunity. Our results show that baseline immunity and degree of immune response do not vary with genetic diversity. However, intracolony variance in antimicrobial peptide production after pathogen challenge decreases with increasing genetic diversity. This reduction in variability of the larval immune response could drive the mitigation of disease observed in genetically diverse colonies.
Ulcerative Colitis Therapy: Importance of Delivery Mechanisms

Since the initial observation that mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) has an anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis, investigators have been trying to improve on the delivery mechanisms of this compound. As it is believed that the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-ASAs is mediated topically, current formulations are designed to release 5-ASA in the small intestine and colon, or predominantly in the colon. A dose-response curve is seen with some preparations of mesalamine but not all. In general, 5-ASAs are effective in patients with ulcerative colitis and much less effective in Crohn's disease. Evidence demonstrates that 5-ASAs are effective for induction of remission and maintenance of remission. Preparations that deliver 5-ASA in a pH-dependent manner are most affected by variability in luminal pH, whereas those that depend on bacterial cleavage for release of the active 5-ASA are most affected by transit time. Most studies have not compared different preparations of mesalamine and examined differences in colonic delivery. Depending on the endpoint examined in the studies, efficacy of the various 5-ASA products appears similar at the most optimal doses. For a given patient, however, it may be necessary to experiment with more than one preparation if an initial trial results in a suboptimal response.
Asymmetric Biodegradable Microdevices for Cell-Borne Drug Delivery

Use of live cells as carriers for drug-laden particulate structures possesses unique advantages for drug delivery. In this work, we report on the development of a novel type of particulate structures called microdevices for cell-borne drug delivery. The microdevices were fabricated by soft lithography with a disklike shape. Each microdevice was composed of a layer of biodegradable thermoplastic such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). One face of the thermoplastic layer was covalently grafted with a cell-adhesive polyelectrolyte such as poly-l-lysine. This asymmetric structure allowed the microdevices to bind to live cells through bulk mixing without causing cell aggregation. Moreover, the cell–microdevice complexes were largely stable, and the viability and proliferation ability of the cells were not affected by the microdevices over a week. In addition, sustained release of a mock drug from the microdevices was demonstrated. This type of microdevice promises to be clinically useful for sustained intravasc...
Improving Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by Dynamic Variation of CPR Parameters

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a commonly used procedure and plays a critical role in saving the lives of patients suffering from cardiac arrest. This paper is concerned with the design of a dynamic technique to optimize the performance of CPR and to consequently improve its outcome, the survival rate. Current American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines treat CPR as a static procedure with fixed parameters. These guidelines set fixed values for CPR parameters such as compression to ventilation ratio, chest compression depth, etc., with an implicit assumption that they are somehow “optimal,” which has not been really substantiated. In this study, in a quest to improve this oft-used procedure, an interactive technique has been developed for dynamically changing the CPR parameters. Total blood gas delivery which is combination of systemic oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide delivery to the lungs has been defined as the objective function, and a sequential optimization procedure has been explored to optimize the objective function by dynamically adjusting the CPR parameters. The results of comparison between the sequential optimization procedure and the global optimization procedure show that the sequential optimization procedure could significantly enhance the effectiveness of CPR.© 2013 ASME
Diffuse intravascular coagulation versus fibrinolysis. A clinical and laboratory challenge.

The manifestations of diffuse intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis overlap, as do the conditions in which these hemostatic disorders occur. However, the platelet count is markedly reduced in the early stages of diffuse intravascular coagulation and is almost normal in the early stages of fibrinolysis. Since heparin often can control diffuse intravascular coagulation and since epsilon aminocaproic acid is effective in fibrinolytic states, differential diagnosis is vital.
Long-lead term precipitation forecasting by Hierarchical Clustering-based Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression

Heavy precipitation for several days and weeks always leads to some extreme nature disasters. Long-lead term precipitation forecasting plays an important role on the prevision of such calamities. Most works focus on the generation of training labels with allocation of the proper corresponding spatio-temporal information. In this paper, we will provide a different path by performing regression analysis using the precipitation amounts at particular locations. This method is called Hierarchical Clustering based Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression (HC-BSVAR). The approach for HC-BSVAR is divided into two steps. First, we apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm to identify the Elite locations and then transfer the 3-dimensional data space into a new traditional 2-dimensional data space. Every column of the new data frame is a hydro-meteorological feature of the original data and each row represents a time point (day) in the original space. Secondly, an economic-based multivariate time series model called Bayesian-based Structural Vector Autoregression (BSVAR) is exploited to perform the final prediction result. The prediction quality will be vary for different cut of tree structure which generated by hierarchical clustering. The coefficient for determination of each location by each level of cut is applied to quantize the quality of prediction. The relationship between the cut level of clustering geographic locations and the regression model performance are also discussed, based on the result of prediction quality.
Isochromosome 17 in Prostatic Cancer

AbstractIn a continuing search for karyotypic changes characterizing various human cancers we have examined in detail with Q and G banding techniques the chromosomal constitution of a metastatic cancer of the prostate. The results obtained with these techniques present not only what is to our knowledge the first description of the chromosome constitution in cancer of the prostate but also the first observation of an isochromosome 17 marker in a cancerous state other than a blood disease. Only further studies on the precise identification of individual chromosomes in other cancers will reveal the significance of this marker in human cancer.
Regional Anesthesia in the Community Practice Setting

The appropriate management of pain has many benefits. Evidence for improved patient outcomes, in particular, has given physicians a popular and professional mandate to better manage pain [1]. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) now requires the recording of pain as a “5th vital sign.” Unfortunately, there is well-publicized evidence that pain continues to be inadequately managed [2, 3].
The Standard Generalized Markup Language

The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) has reached the final stages in its preparation as an international standard and it is expected that it will be published shortly. The standard describes a methodology for creating tagging schemes for marking-up documents in a generalized manner.
Generalized likelihood ratio test change detection with optical theorem constraint

We demonstrate a new application of the optical theorem to enhance the detection, from noisy scattering data, of an unknown scatterer embedded in an unknown background medium. The proposed methodology is based on a generalized likelihood ratio test detector with an additional constraint that must be obeyed by the scattered field data if the scatterer is known to be passive, lossless, or active. The constraint in question is based on the classical optical theorem, which is used throughout this paper in its most general form applicable to arbitrary probing fields and background media. It relies on background field information, which is accessible in many practical applications. This also reveals, from a fundamental wave physics point of view, that background information is highly relevant in extra ways beyond the basic background suppression operation. This “optical theorem constraint” is discussed in a general Hilbert space framework that applies to a broad class of scattering systems. Particular forms of the optical theorem constraint are presented for special cases, including spherical and cylindrical scanning systems for which it can be compactly expressed in the fundamental multipole representation. The pertinent change detection theory incorporating, via standard nonlinear programming, the physics-based optical theorem constraint is elaborated upon in detail, and the successful detection performance of this new change detection method is illustrated with examples.
Structural Comparison of Copper(II) Thiocyanate Pyridine Complexes

Abstract Copper(II) thiocyanate forms a series of closely related complexes when reacted with substituted pyridines (XPy) in methanol. Although these compounds are nominally square planar trans-[Cu(NCS)2(XPy)2], most show N,S-thiocyanate bridging via long Cu–S bonds of ⩾2.7 A. The resulting Jahn-Teller (J-T) distorted octahedra form edge-sharing chains. However, these units can also form sheets or small oligomers. For some 2- or 3-substituted pyridines, isolated square planar trans-[Cu(NCS)2(XPy)2], J-T distorted octahedral trans-[Cu(NCS)2(XPy)2(MeOH)2], or square pyramid trans-[Cu(NCS)2(XPy)2(MeOH)] were isolated. Polymorphism and/or solvento isomers appear to be common, being identified for five of 21 ligands studied. Use of 2-NH2Py produces methoxy-bridged dimers [Cu2(NCS)2(2-NH2Py)2(μ-OMe)2] that are further linked via bridging thiocyanate to form a sheet structure. Unusual aryl bromide metal chelation is noted in the mixed ligand complex trans-[Cu(NCS)2(2-BrPy)(3-BrPy)]. When LL = 4,4′-bipyridyl (Bpy) or pyrazine (Pyz) is used, bridging by both the organic and thiocyanate ligands produces sheet networks, trans-[Cu(NCS)2(LL)].
N-ICE plasmids for generating N-terminal 3 × FLAG tagged genes that allow inducible, constitutive or endogenous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PCR-mediated homologous recombination is a powerful approach to introduce epitope tags into the chromosomal loci at the N-terminus or the C-terminus of targeted genes. Although strategies of C-terminal epitope tagging of target genes at their loci are simple and widely used in yeast, C-terminal epitope tagging is not practical for all proteins. For example, a C-terminal tag may affect protein function or a protein may get cleaved or processed, resulting in the loss of the epitope tag. Therefore, N-terminal epitope tagging may be necessary to resolve these problems. In some cases, an epitope tagging strategy is used to introduce a heterologous promoter with the epitope tag at the N-terminus of a gene of interest. The potential issue with this strategy is that the tagged gene is not expressed at the endogenous level. Another strategy after integration is to excise the selection marker, using the Cre-LoxP system, leaving the epitope tagged gene expressed from the endogenous promoter. However, N-terminal epitope tagging of essential genes using this strategy requires a diploid strain followed by tetrad dissection. Here we present 14 new plasmids for N-terminal tagging, which combines two previous strategies for epitope tagging in a haploid strain. These ‘N-ICE’ plasmids were constructed so that non-essential and essential genes can be N-terminally 3 × FLAG tagged and expressed from an inducible promoter (GAL1), constitutive promoters (CYC1 or PYK1) or the endogenous promoter. We have validated the N-ICE plasmid system by N-terminal tagging two non-essential genes (SET1 and SET2) and two essential genes (ERG11 and PKC1). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching Basic Probability in Undergraduate Statistics or Management Science Courses.

Standard textbooks in core Statistics and Management Science classes present various examples to introduce basic probability concepts to undergraduate business students. These include tossing of a coin, throwing a die, and examples of that nature. While these are good examples to introduce basic probability, we use improvised versions of Russian Roulette and found these to be very effective in communicating important concepts in probability to our business school students. We use these modified versions of Russian Roulette to communicate concepts such as dependent event, joint probabilities and the value of information using Bayes’ law. The students understand and enjoy these examples and the class participation has been higher than usual.
Ancestor Worship, the Confucian Father, and Filial Piety

This chapter revisits some of the themes introduced in Chap. 4’s analysis of the Nezha story in a reconsideration of Chinese ancestor worship. Both popular ancestor worship and imperial ritual can be understood as assertions of a son/ego-focused enactment or production of self—a veiled fantasy of autonomy or self-creation. Similar themes emerge in Daoist rituals. This chapter’s discussion buttresses approaching Chinese patriliny as a culturally particular form of a general human existential concern revolving around self-possession, agency, and the social production of the person. In addition, Chap. 6 turns again to the Nezha story and a debate between Nezha and his elder brother Muzha over whether one can ever sever one’s filial obligations to one’s father. The debate models a pervasive ambivalence in Chinese patriliny revolving around a desire for autonomy, on the one hand, and accommodation to “the law” or societal imperatives, on the other.
Pain Intensity, Interference, and Medication Use After Spinal Cord Injury: Association With Risk of Mortality After Controlling for Socioeconomic and Other Health Factors

Abstract Objective To identify the association of pain intensity, pain interference, and pain medication use with risk of mortality after spinal cord injury, controlling for demographic, injury, socioeconomic, and health factors. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants All participants (N=2535) had traumatic spinal cord injury of at least 1-year duration at enrollment, with noncomplete recovery (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades A–D). Mortality status was obtained for 2535 individuals, and 335 were deceased as of 2014. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Mortality status as of December 31, 2014, identified by the National Death Index. Results Preliminary bivariate analyses indicated that deceased participants were more likely to be older at injury, have more years postinjury, be men, and have a severe injury, low income, less education, and poorer health indicators. The final Cox model indicated that those who used pain medication daily were 51% more likely to be deceased at follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51). Pain intensity and pain interference were not statistically significant. Nonchronic pressure ulcer was related to 67% higher mortality risk (HR, 1.67), and chronic pressure ulcer was related to 122% higher risk (HR, 2.22). Other health indicators also increased the risk of mortality from 43% to 73%, including hospitalization (HR, 1.54), depression (HR, 1.43), and amputation (HR, 1.73). Conclusions Prescription pain medication use appears to have a direct association with mortality, beyond that associated with other characteristics, and should become a strong focus of prevention efforts.
The Specular Un/Making of Kinship: American Adoption's Penetrating Gaze

In the United States, social workers play an immense yet understudied role in the production of adoptive kinship, acting as gatekeepers to certain forms of parenthood. During the adoption process, ...
Continuing the Legacy of Edinburgh: The Edinburgh 2010 Series from Regnum Books

This article discusses the background and content of the Regnum Edinburgh Centenary. The article offers a “bird’s eye view” of the series that contain reflections from a wide variety of perspectives. The article also deals with reflections on the context and content of the series.
Stochastic response determination and optimization of a class of nonlinear electromechanical energy harvesters: A Wiener path integral approach

Abstract A methodology based on the Wiener path integral technique (WPI) is developed for stochastic response determination and optimization of a class of nonlinear electromechanical energy harvesters. To this aim, first, the WPI technique is extended to address the particular form of the coupled electromechanical governing equations, which possess a singular diffusion matrix. Specifically, a constrained variational problem is formulated and solved for determining the joint response probability density function (PDF) of the nonlinear energy harvesters. This is done either by resorting to a Lagrange multipliers approach, or by utilizing the nullspace of the constraint equation. Next, the herein extended WPI technique is coupled with an appropriate optimization algorithm for determining optimal energy harvester parameters. It is shown that due to the relatively high accuracy exhibited in determining the joint response PDF, the WPI technique is particularly well-suited for constrained optimization problems, where the constraint refers to low probability events (e.g. probabilities of failure). In this regard, the WPI technique outperforms significantly an alternative statistical linearization solution treatment commonly utilized in the literature, which fails to capture even basic features of the response PDF. This inadequacy of statistical linearization becomes even more prevalent in cases of nonlinear harvesters with asymmetric potentials, where the response PDF deviates significantly from the Gaussian. Several numerical examples are included, while comparisons with pertinent Monte Carlo simulation data demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the methodology.
Characterization of food materials in multiple length scales using small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance: principle and applications

Abstract: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are state-of-the-art techniques commonly used to characterize the self-assembled structures and interactions of food materials at the nanoscale. This chapter covers the basic principles of SAXS, modern synchrotron facilities and the applications of SAXS in structure analysis of food ingredients. The principles and applications of several NMR-based techniques, including the diffusion research technique, spin relaxation technique and time-domain (TD)-NMR technique are also discussed.
Disagreement and Consensus: The Need for Dynamic Updating in Public Deliberation

This analysis compares a consensus-oriented procedure, Princeton Future, with a more adversarial procedure, the public meetings of the Princeton, N.J. borough council, organized as public hearings. It finds that the consensus-oriented procedure failed to pick up significant conflicting interests among the citizens and as a consequence failed to provide venues for discussing and possibly negotiating those interests. It advises that deliberative democratic procedures provide for dynamic updating on the underlying and changing interest structure before and during deliberation, with particular attention to the important lines of conflict. Thus facilitators should help participants in deliberation not only forge common interests but also clarify their conflicting interests.
A drug dissolution monitor employing multiple fiber optic probes and a UV/visible diode array spectrophotometer

A traditional dissolution pumping system was recently replaced with a fiber optic interface between the spectrometer and the samples. However, the system was limited to a single sample vessel. In this study, a dissolution testing system with six vessels connected to a diode array spectrometer via six optical fibers was investigated. A bifurcated fiber optic bundle was used to transfer the light from the source to the dissolution vessels and was networked so that spectra of each sample can be measured periodically. A full spectrum calibration method based on Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used to determine the concentrations of active ingredients and to account for interferences due to excipients in tablet formulations. Results on this new fiber optic interface system are compared with those obtained previously with the traditional pumping system. Standard errors of prediction are between 1.5 and 3.2% using cross-validation and between 1.1 and 1.7% for the direct validation of two active ingredients in two different drug formulations.
Employing Digital Spaces to Resist Harmful Discourses: Intersections of Learning, Technology, and Politics Showing Up in the Lowcountry.

The intersections between learning, technology, and media are often the scene of tumult and change. The forces of learning, technology, and politics are pervasive in the lives of young people. Thes...
Observation of impurity band conduction and variable range hopping in heavily doped (010) β-Ga2O3

Temperature-dependent resistivity and Hall measurements were performed on a heavily Sn-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 substrate grown by edge-defined film-fed method. At room temperature, the Hall electron mobility was 77.7 cm2 V−1 s−1. A maximum mobility of 95.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 was achieved at T = 185 K. Because the doping concentration is near the Mott critical value of 2.48 × 1018 cm−3, Hall electron concentration and mobility data were analyzed using the two-band model, which considers transport through both the conduction band and an impurity band. At T > 200 K, charge transport is limited by free carriers in the conduction band. The donor ionization energy was extracted to be E CD = 4 meV. At T ≤ 200 K, the net conductivity is due to electrons in the impurity band, with a concentration 7.6 × 1018 cm−3 and a low mobility of ~0.09–2.27 cm2 V−1 s−1. Over a very wide temperature range, 1.7–200 K, transport in the impurity band was found to occur via variable range hopping, where the average hopping length increases with decreasing temperature.
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is an aggressive lymphoma that classically involves the upper aerodigestive tract but frequently presents in the skin. This EBV-positive angiodestructive malignant process is designated “NK/T” because the immunophenotype can be NK cell or cytotoxic T cell. While CD56 expression is generally present, some cases of cytotoxic T cell origin may be CD56-negative. Therefore, in the setting of angiocentrism and cytotoxic phenotype, EBV in situ hybridization (EBER) should be obtained.
Near-Navigation Grade Tuning Fork MEMS Gyroscope

We report performance results on a MEMS out-of-plane gyroscope suitable for platform stabilization. Angle random walk (ARW) less than 0.006 deg/rt-hr and median bias stabilities over temperature of 0.2 deg/hr have been achieved. Sensor bandwidth as characterized by drive and sense mode frequency separation is $> 700$ Hz allowing system level bandwidth greater than 300 Hz. The HG6900 IMU will integrate these sensors and serve platform stabilization applications in a 259 cm3 volume.
Recent Advances in the Development of Experimental Therapeutics for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1% in people over 60, and it represents an increasingly important medical problem in our aging population [1]. For decades, the standard of care for PD has involved treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA), which elevates dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, enhancing movement and coordinated motor functions. Chronic L-DOPA results in motor complications, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), which occur in at least 50% of patients after 5 to 10 years of treatment. LID is a significant limitation to the viability of long-term L-DOPA use because patient function and quality of life are compromised and individual and societal costs are increased [2]. Although treating LID in PD patients can be challenging, significant progress has been made in the past few years. Experimental treatments are making their way through preclinical and clinical stages. This review will focus on data that demonstrate the rationale, safety, efficacy, and long-term benefits of these medical treatments in both animal models of PD and PD patients suffering from LID.
Sonic Liminality: Soundscapes, Semiotics, and Ecologies of Meaning

The spaces between the modernist categories of human and nonhuman, or nature and culture, are collapsing in the Anthropocene. As human technological influence continues become evidenced as a global geologic force, ‘liminal spaces’ expand. Liminal spaces are spaces at the intersections and aggregations of human- and nonhuman-animal umwelten mediated by technology. Soundscapes, the collection of human and nonhuman created sounds of a particular place and time, give us unique access to the semiotic exchanges that constitute those spaces. Soundscape ecology, the study of ecosystemic relations through sound, is a method by which to engage and understand those liminal spaces. Understanding liminal spaces in this context of soundscape ecology offers insights into new ways in which organisms relate to and within their environments through sign exchange; or, new ways animals engage complex worlds of experience. In this paper I articulate this argument and define ‘sonic liminality’ as a biosemiotic process of the creation and engagement in hybrid natures. I examine umwelt engagement through a specific case study: analysis of soundscapes at a local zoological park in the southeastern United States. I argue that the digital technology-driven empirical work of soundscape ecology gives semioticians access to informational ecosystems, and therefore to the ways in which information transforms the boundaries between individual organisms and their built and natural environments.
An alternative arthroscopic approach to the caudal pouches of the equine lateral femorotibial joint.

BACKGROUND: Current arthroscopic approaches to the caudal pouches of the lateral femorotibial joint are challenging and risk iatrogenic nerve and cartilage injury. OBJECTIVE: Describe an alternative arthroscopic approach to the caudal pouches of the lateral femorotibial joint in the horse and report intra‐articular abnormalities observed during diagnostic stifle arthroscopy of these pouches. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive cadaver anatomical and clinical study. METHODS: An approach to the caudal pouches of the lateral femorotibial joint was developed during clinical surgery using an arthroscopic portal in the popliteal tunnel of the femorotibial joint. Relevant anatomy of the lateral femorotibial joint was reviewed and the arthroscopic landmarks validated on 19 cadaver limbs. The procedure was then incorporated as part of routine inspection of 38 joints in 33 horses. RESULTS: Entry and examination of both pouches of the caudal lateral femorotibial joint was consistently achieved using an arthroscopic portal immediately cranial to the lateral collateral ligament in both cadaver and clinical limbs, with no adverse effects noted in the latter. Contrary to published descriptions, the division of the pouches was principally formed by a meniscopopliteal septum derived from the joint capsule in all cases, rather than the popliteus muscle and tendon as previously described. Abnormalities were detected in five cases. The finding of bilateral tearing within the popliteus muscle may represent a previously unrecognised arthroscopic condition. MAIN LIMITATION: Limited case numbers. CONCLUSION: An arthroscopic portal immediately cranial to the lateral collateral ligament permitted consistent entry into the popliteal tunnel and both pouches of the caudal lateral femorotibial joint.
Hirschsprung disease and anorectal malformations - An uncommon association.

Abstract Background The simultaneous occurrence of Hirschsprung disease (HD) and anorectal malformation (ARM) is extremely rare, with only a very limited amount of cases published in the literature. Constipation is a major problem in patients operated for ARM, and biopsies from the distal rectum in patients with ARM may not show ganglion cells owing to different reasons, leading to a false positive diagnosis of HD. A pull-through procedure for HD after previous anorectoplasty for ARM always leads to fecal incontinence. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of simultaneous diagnoses of ARM and HD in a single large cohort of ARM patients and to demonstrate that biopsies from the anal canal, which are negative for ganglion cells, may mislead to a diagnosis of HD. Materials and methods A retrospective review of our database from 1980 to 2018 identified 164 patients with HD and 2397 patients with ARM. Four patients suffered from both HD and ARM. Results The incidence of HD in ARM patients was 4/2397 = 0.17%, and the incidence of ARM in HD patients was 4/164 = 2.4%. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that the association of ARM and HD is less common than previously reported. Type of study Therapeutic Level of evidence IV
User Scheduling and Power Allocation for Content Delivery in Caching Helper Networks.

This paper proposes a user scheduling and power allocation method for content delivery in wireless caching helper networks without any stringent constraint on the interference model. For supporting delay-sensitive and time-varying user demands, the actual delivery quantity of the requested content should be dynamically controlled by advanced scheduling and power allocation. In addition, it is difficult for a central unit to control the content delivery due to a lack of knowledge of the entire time-varying network; therefore, a belief-propagation (BP)-based algorithm that facilitates distributed decisions on user scheduling and power allocation at every caching helper is presented. The proposed delivery scheme maximizes power efficiency while limiting the average delay of user request satisfactions by managing interference among users well. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides almost the same delay performance as the exhaustively found optimal one at the expense of little power consumption.
Universal frequency engineering tool for microcavity nonlinear optics: multiple selective mode splitting of whispering-gallery resonances

Whispering-gallery microcavities have been used to realize a variety of efficient parametric nonlinear optical processes through the enhanced light–matter interaction brought about by supporting multiple high quality factor and small modal volume resonances. Critical to such studies is the ability to control the relative frequencies of the cavity modes, so that frequency matching is achieved to satisfy energy conservation. Typically this is done by tailoring the resonator cross section. Doing so modifies the frequencies of all of the cavity modes, that is, the global dispersion profile, which may be undesired, for example, in introducing competing nonlinear processes. Here, we demonstrate a frequency engineering tool, termed multiple selective mode splitting (MSMS), that is independent of the global dispersion and instead allows targeted and independent control of the frequencies of multiple cavity modes. In particular, we show controllable frequency shifts up to 0.8 nm, independent control of the splitting of up to five cavity modes with optical quality factors ≳105, and strongly suppressed frequency shifts for untargeted modes. The MSMS technique can be broadly applied to a wide variety of nonlinear optical processes across different material platforms and can be used to both selectively enhance processes of interest and suppress competing unwanted processes.
Monitoring field establishment of the emerald ash borer biocontrol agent Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Sampling methods, sample size, and phenology

Abstract Monitoring Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid being released for biological control of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is challenging due to its small size and the cryptic placement of host eggs. We compared four O. agrili recovery methods: 1) rearing adults from bark (bark rearing); 2) sifting parasitized eggs from bark (bark sifting); 3) placing sentinel EAB eggs in screened envelopes on ash trees (sentinel eggs); and, 4) placing yellow pan traps on ash trees to capture adult parasitoids. In 2016, we sampled 40 trees within 0.25-ha-plots at each of 4 sites in Michigan with each recovery method. In 2017 and 2018, methods were applied to 10 trees within 0.25-ha-plots at each of 3 sites. Sentinel eggs were not included in 2018. Yellow pan traps and bark sifting recovered O. agrili in all sites and years, had higher percentages of O. agrili-positive trees, and required fewer trees sampled for > 95% probability of O. agrili recovery compared to bark rearing and sentinel eggs. When sampling only trees with fresh woodpecker-feeding holes, a sign of recent EAB attack, the probability of O. agrili recovery increased substantially for bark sifting and bark rearing, increased slightly for yellow pan traps, but decreased for sentinel eggs compared to sampling all trees. Peak recovery using yellow pan traps and sentinel eggs occurred between 400 and 1200 growing degree days (base 10 °C, January 1 start date), revealing when most O. agrili adults were active. The type of information each of these parasitoid-recovery methods provides and their relative efficiencies are discussed.
Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Processors: Quo Vadis?

This paper outlines different design options and most suitable memory devices for implementing dense vector-by-matrix multiplication operation, the key operation in neuromorphic computing. The considered approaches are evaluated by modeling system-level performance of 55-nm 4-bit mixed-signal neuromorphic inference processor running common deep learning feedforward and recurrent neural network models.
EEG-based Image Classification using Machine Learning Algorithms

This research work focuses on evaluating the most efficient algorithm for EEG-based Image classification by comparing different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and Ensemble methods. In this analysis, EEG signals are collected with the g.Nautilus headset and analyzed through Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in the EEG Lab. The experiment setup includes six stages, in the first step an image of the object is presented to the user for a few seconds and in the second stage, an image with an object name is presented to the user for the next few seconds. These two steps are repeated for a total of three shapes. Multiple ML algorithms are applied and evaluated to classify visual and written images examined by the user. Moreover, it is concluded that feature engineering, principal component analysis, and parameter tuning are crucial steps in Machine Learning to gain higher performance. The final results prove the capabilities of developing an Image Classification System with K-Nearest Neighbors and Brain-Computer Interface.
Dramatic Increases in Telehealth-Related Tweets during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sentiment Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a large expansion of telehealth, but little is known about user sentiment. Tweets containing the terms "telehealth" and "telemedicine" were extracted (n = 192,430) from the official Twitter API between November 2019 and April 2020. A random subset of 2000 tweets was annotated by trained readers to classify tweets according to their content, including telehealth, sentiment, user type, and relation to COVID-19. A state-of-the-art NLP model (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, BERT) was used to categorize the remaining tweets. Following a low and fairly stable level of activity, telehealth tweets rose dramatically beginning the first week of March 2020. The sentiment was overwhelmingly positive or neutral, with only a small percentage of negative tweets. Users included patients, clinicians, vendors (entities that promote the use of telehealth technology or services), and others, which represented the largest category. No significant differences were seen in sentiment across user groups. The COVID-19 pandemic produced a large increase in user tweets related to telehealth and COVID-19, and user sentiment suggests that most people feel positive or neutral about telehealth.
Magnetic-field-induced multiple electronic states in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3+ delta.

We have observed multiple electronic states in the presence of a magnetic field in the half-doped La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3+{delta}} system. The resistivity of each state differs from one another by at least one order of magnitude. Application of a magnetic field induces first-order phase transitions among these states. A maximum 10{sup 9}-fold magnetoresistance ratio has been observed at 4.2 K between the least and the most conductive phases. Our results differ from early observations that there is only one metal-to-insulator (two states) transition in other related half-doped systems. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Dielectric properties of SrTiO3 glass-ceramics

Abstract Strontium titanate glass-ceramics, prepared by the crystallization of strontium titanate-aluminosilicate glasses have been investigated for possible application as low-loss dielectric materials at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. Under suitable crystallization conditions, these glass-ceramics exhibit temperature compensated dielectric permittivity, a consequence of the balance between the negative temperature coefficient of the SrTiO3 crystalline phase and the positive temperature coefficient of the residual aluminosilicate glass phase. Temperature coefficients of less than 10 ppm/°C with dielectric constants in the range of 16–18 have been achieved over a temperature range of -55 to 125°C. Dielectric losses at frequencies up to 4MHz are extremely low (tan δ < 0·0005). However, dielectric measurements in the range of 100–1000MHz have shown that the losses increase as the frequency approaches the millimeter wave region, indicating that these glass-ceramics might not be acceptable as mill...
Microstructural Characteristics of Extracellular Matrix Produced by Stromal Fibroblasts

The overall objective of this investigation was to characterize the extracellular matrix deposited by the stromal fibroblasts as a function of time in culture and matrix microstructure. Stromal fibroblasts were seeded onto collagen matrices and cultured for up to 5 weeks. The collagen matrices contained collagen fibrils with an average diameter of 215 ± 20 nm. When cultured on a collagen film, an average fibril diameter of 62 ± 39 nm was observed for single layer films with only slight variations with time in culture, and after 1 week of culture between two film layers 67 ± 47 nm fibrils were observed after 1 week. When the film surface was molded into 1 and 2 μm microgrooves, the initial average fibril diameter of the extracellular matrix was 73 ± 21 and 73 ± 31 nm respectively. When cultured on a collagen sponge, an average fibril diameter of 107 ± 20 nm was initially observed and decreased to 47.5 ± 17 nm after 1 week in culture. For cells cultured on a collagen sponge, Western blotting showed an increase in myofibroblast phenotype expression with time in culture. Shifts in phenotype were less distinct for cells cultured on collagen films. The microstructure, rather than geometry, of the matrix substrate appeared to influence the newly synthesized extracellular matrix and cell phenotype.
A lipid mobilizing substance from the calf mid-brain

Abstract Many naturally occurring substances stimulate the mammalian fat cell to convert stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, which are transported to other organs. These adipokinetic, or lipid mobilizing, substances are thought to stimulate a lipolytic enzyme within the fat cell. Such substances include at least seven pituitary hormones (Rudman, et al 1965) , the catecholamines (Rudman, et al 1965) and a number of peptides which are related, either directly or indirectly, to the pituitary gland (Chalmers et al 1960 , Rudman et al 1962) . Lipid mobilizing activity has been found in extracts of the hypothalamus and of the posterior pituitary of cadavers (Kadas and Nagy 1965) . This report describes the isolation and properties of a lipid mobilizing factor (LMF) from the calf mid-brain. Since the hypothalamus and certain other areas of the mid-brain are particularly rich in norepinephrine (1966), comparative studies of the catecholamines and the mid-brain extract were performed. Evidence is presented to show that the LMF from the mid-brain is not a catecholamine.
Determination of Chlorine-Containing Organics in Chlorinated Sewage Effluents by Coupled 36Cl Tracer—High-Resolution Chromatography

Abstract A method has been developed to study the effects of chlorination on sewage and the effluents from sewage treatment plants. This method combines radioactive tracer (36Cl) chlorination with high-resolution chromatography. The need for such methodology follows from the lack of data about chlorination effects and from the concern that chlorination will yield environmentally harmful substances. Utilizing this experimental technique, over 40 chlorine-containing organic constituents were detected in the effluent from the primary stage of a domestic sanitary sewage treatment plant.
Infrared measurement of thermal constants in laser-irradiated scleral tissue

Laser scleral buckling (LSB) experiments were performed by irradiating human cadaver eyes with a focused beam from a 2.1-micrometer Ho:YAG laser. Spatially and temporally resolved temperature maps of the sclera were inferred from infrared images of the tissue's thermal radiation. An infrared focal-plane camera operating in the 3- to 5-micrometer wavelength interval was used for the measurements, from which we derived absorption and thermal diffusivity coefficients of the scleral tissue, along with the temperature dependence of these coefficients. A thermal-response model was developed, which describes the tissue surface temperature in response to a train of laser pulses, given the pulse repetition rate, beam fluence, spot size, and total energy delivered. This model provides guidance for optimization of laser-irradiation parameters for LSB treatment.
Parametric statistical methods and sample size considerations for dominant lethal experiments: The use of clustering to achieve approximate normality

While the dominant lethal (DL) assay is often used to assess the mutagenic potential of suspect agents, questions remain concerning its sensitivity, the appropriate way to analyze resultant data, and the necessary study size. Many questions surrounding the statistical analysis methods relate to a specification of the basic independent unit of experimentation and analysis, the particular type of study design used, and the distributional properties of the study variables. These statistical analysis issues must be resolved before adequate attention can be given to the related questions of experimental sensitivity and sample size. This report deals with the development of a statistical analysis methodology which incorporates a particular type of data clustering scheme to achieve desirable distributional properties of the measured variables so that analysis of variance (AOV) and related parametric testing procedures can be used. Further, the differences between dose groups which can be detected using 20, 10, and 5 cluster units of 6 males and 18 females each are estimated for each variable according to the size of selected Type I and II errors. While these procedures were developed in part using data from two replicate studies on the DL effects of differing doses of n-butyl glycidyl ether in mice, the clustering scheme suggested can be used with other AOV and regression procedures corresponding to the specific study design employed.
BUOYANCY‐DEPENDENT IMB·SALMONELLA COMPLEX LOSSES DURING MAGNETIC PHASE SEPARATION1

One question associated with the immuno-magnetic bead (IMB) protocol for pathogen isolation and subsequent concentration is why a significant number of captured cells are lost during each magnetic separation step (MS). For instance, we observe an average IMB-Salmonella concentration decrease of 4–7% per MS even at extremely low Salmonella Enteritidis cell densities ([S.E.] > 100 mL-1; [IMB]:[S.E.] 1). Such a change in [IMB·S.E.] per separation step could be significant since, in practice, more washing/rinsing steps are necessary when isolating organisms from environmental samples. These apparent losses in pathogen activity are not due to the injury or decease of IMB-bound bacteria inasmuch as numerous MS steps, accomplished without changing the supernatant, result in no significant diminution in bound Salmonellae. In this manuscript we show that [IMB·S.E.] losses monotonically increase from ca. 5 to 15% per MS with [S.E.]:[IMB]. These observations argue that MS-dependent pathogen losses are related to changes in the buoyancy of the IMB·S.E. complex since, at elevated pathogen levels ([S.E.]:[IMB]> > 1), we observe as many as 4–6 Salmonella cells binding per IMB which could decrease the IMB·S.E. complex's density by about 8% or 0.1 g cm-3.
Coherent K∗ (890) production off deuterium

We have studied 76 events of the reaction K−d → dK0π− at 4.5 GeV/c. The reaction is dominated by the production of K∗ (890) and is analyzed in terms of omega exchange. The density matrix elements are obtained.
Epilepsy: maximizing cognitive outcomes in epilepsy.

Cognitive difficulty in patients with epilepsy is often thought to result from poor control of the disorder. A recent study, however, supports previous observations that cognitive impairment is common at initial presentation. Should methods for establishment of cognitive impairment be considered as part of routine evaluation in patients with epilepsy?