cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small-scale mechanical testing on nuclear materials: bridging the experimental length-scale gap

Abstract Small-scale mechanical testing on irradiated materials is gaining popularity in the nuclear materials community due to the fact that mechanical property changes can be evaluated from shallowly ion-beam-irradiated materials as well as from small volumes of reactor-irradiated components. While the obvious benefits of accelerated research and reduction of radiation exposure are gained through these methods, these methods also target specific microstructural areas of interest. This paper presents a summary of current techniques that are utilized and outlines a path towards a more thorough understanding of small volume testing on irradiated materials.
Terminal metal inspection yield improvement

Power grids are designed with built in redundancy, but because of reliability concerns associated with the possibility that parts of the product power grid could require maximum current which would be constrained if any terminal metal connection is defective, all terminal metal connections in every product die are required to have 100% fully compliant terminal metal connections. The innovative method described in this paper applies an assessment of the amount of current carried by each terminal metal connection in the product die to create a map that identifies which terminal metal could be allowed to be defective and maintain product reliability and functionality. Application of this method at terminal metal connection defect inspection improves yield by taking advantage of power grid redundancy. The method identifies current carrying requirements for each TMC and creates a unique product terminal metal inspection map.
Optimal placement of edge-of-grid low-voltage SVCs in real-world distribution circuits

This paper proposes a method to determine optimal locations to deploy edge-of-grid low-voltage static var compensator (SVC) devices in large real-world distribution circuits. The SVC device operation, characteristics, and modeling are also discussed. The optimization problem formulation developed in this work has the objective of mitigating undervoltage violations in the circuit using the minimum number of SVCs while improving the traditional voltage regulation device operations and circuit losses. Undervoltage area criterion is used to identify effective candidate locations and the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm with quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulations are used to determine the optimal SVC locations. The results show that the proposed method is effective in identifying the optimal SVC locations in large distribution circuits.
Experimental Investigation of Vibration Based Surface Roughness Prediction System

‘Mass Customization’ is an attempt to provide unique values to the customers in an efficient manner. In the present work, that unique value chosen is required surface quality instead of ‘Best’ quality which has become a choice of today’s customized market. Prediction of surface roughness is an essential requirement for any computer numeric controlled (CNC) machinery. Poor control on the desired surface roughness generates rebellious parts and results in increase in cost and loss of productivity due to rework. Surface roughness value is a result of several process variables among which vibration is of great significant. In this study, full factorial design of experiment (DOE) approach is applied to find the optimum cutting parameters to obtain predicted surface roughness in turning at computer numeric controlled (CNC) cell. Dry turning is performed for aluminum alloy bars using diamond shaped carbide tool insert. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation technique are applied to study the performance characteristics of machining parameters with surface roughness and cutting tool vibrations. Feed rate and bi-axial cutting tool vibrations are observed to be main parameters affecting surface roughness. Regression equation is formulated for estimating predicted values of surface roughness. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the regression equation, the rate of error is found between the actual and predicted surface roughness values.
Infusion Adriamycin and Radiation in Hepatomas

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with a median survival time of only 4 months from the onset of symptoms and 2 months from the diagnosis (Nagasue et al. 1984; Falkson and Coetzer 1986). While radiation has some activity, its effectiveness is limited by the liver tolerance (zum Winkel et al. 1986). Cytotoxic chemotherapy has usually produced disappointing results (Falkson and Coetzer 1986). New approaches are needed for the treatment of this disease. One such new approach is the concomitant use of hepatic radiation and chemotherapy. The optimal chemotherapy would be drugs which are both individually active in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as having a potential for radiation sensitization.
CATECHOLAMINE SENSITIVE ATPases IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The sensitivities of mouse brain synaptosomal ATPase activities to various neurotransmitters was determined in vitro. Among the compounds tested only dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) stimulated Na + -K + ATPase as well as Mg ++ ATPase activities and others, such as acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamic acid (GLU), were without any effect on the ATPases. DA and NE showed greater effect on Na + -K + ATPase than Mg ++ ATPase. Lineweaver-Burk plots reveal that Na + -K + ATPase was activated non-competitively to ATP whereas Mg ++ ATPase exhibited a mixed type of activation. A maximum stimulation occurred by catecholamines at the optimum pH of 7.5 for Na + -K + ATPase and 8.0 for Mg ++ ATPase activities. Both catecholamines increased the Na + -K + ATPase activity in the presence of Na + and K + in the reaction medium. However, in the absence of Na + ions the K + -ATPase activity was stimulated by DA and NE but in the absence of K + ions the Na + -ATPase, was not activated by DA or NE, indicating that the ATPase activity was more sensitive to catecholamines in the presence of K + than Na + .
Ultrastructural Studies of Peptide Coexistence in Corticotropin-Releasing Factor- and Arginine-Vasopressin­ Containing Neurons

It has become clear over the last several years that the coexistence of more than one transmitter in the same neuron is a widespread phenomenon in the nervous system, yet the physiological implications of this coexistence are only beginning to be understood (Hokfelt et al., 1984). A complete description of the roles of coexisting neurotransmitters should include (1) knowledge of the locations, actions, and dose-response curves of the receptors for the multiple transmitters, (2) analysis of the quantity and kinetics of release of the transmitters, and (3) determination of whether the release of multiple transmitters in the same cell can be independently regulated. An important determinant of the regulation of release of transmitters is their intracellular packaging. If different transmitters are localized in different populations of secretory vesicles in the same nerve ending, then the possibility of separate regulation of their release exists. However, if different transmitters are packaged in the same secretory vesicles, then independent regulation of their release by the nerve ending is unlikely.
Religion: What It Is, How It Works, and Why It Matters

Scholars of religion have long been preoccupied with defining their subject matter, the social fact that we have come to call religion. Some of the early foundational figures in the development of ...
Prison and Law, Repression and Resistance: Colonialism and Beyond

In and beyond anti-colonial struggles, the repressive institutions of prison are variously defined, contested, and recast by law, including through prisoner resistance. The likelihood of resistance...
Modeling lateral plume deflection in the wake of an elongated building

Abstract The plume dispersion model AERMOD provides an efficient method for modeling ground-level pollutant concentrations in wakes of buildings. In recent years, several studies have shown that the downwash algorithms within AERMOD often perform poorly in certain applications. Some studies have proposed modifications to the downwash algorithm in AERMOD to bring the model closer to representing the underlying physical processes associated with building downwash and closer to more accurately modeling observed pollutant concentrations. One such study by Monbureau et al. (2018)made changes to the model that significantly improved its ability to model ground level concentrations for a simple case of a single rectangular building with an elevated, effluent-emitting stack experiencing winds perpendicular to the upwind side of the building. The present study introduces a simple algorithm to enhance AERMOD's ability to appropriately match the dispersion pattern in the complex flow case of non-orthogonal winds. This algorithm, which is based on a rich set of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES), applies to a variety of building dimensions, stack locations, and stack heights. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates how additional modifications to the downwash algorithm may further improve AERMOD in modeling the spatial location of observed ground-level effluent.
Simultaneous Magnetic and Structural Topology Optimization of Synchronous Reluctance Machine Rotors

This article presents the simultaneous magnetic and structural topology optimization of a transverse laminated synchronous reluctance machine rotor using a solid isotropic with material penalization (SIMP)-based approach with the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) optimization algorithm. Magneto-structural single and multi-objective optimization formulations are presented. The single objective formulation maximizes the average torque subject to constraints on torque ripple, Von Mises stress, and compliance. The multiobjective formulation simultaneously maximizes average torque and minimizes compliance subject to constraints on torque ripple and Von Mises stress. In both optimization formulations, the electrical steel densities in the rotor mesh elements are the control variables. Including stress and compliance in the optimization formulation ensures a structurally feasible design. The design-dependent centripetal force contributed by each element in the rotor mesh is considered dependent on its density and mass. An intermediate density material issue is observed where the density of the material in a mesh element does not converge fully to air or electrical steel. This issue is addressed through the use of a thresholding mass function which forces the convergence of the mass but not the density. The two optimization formulations are compared for rotors operating at 4000 and 12 000 r/min. An initial magnetic only topology optimization is used to seed the magneto-structural topology optimization to decrease the computational time. The impact of the magnetic only seed and rotor mesh density on the optimization outcomes is also examined.
Bacterial gene essentiality under modeled microgravity

ABSTRACT The health of eukaryotic hosts is tightly connected to relationships with symbiotic microorganisms, yet how these relationships develop and evolve during long-duration spaceflight is not well understood. In this study, we asked what bacterial genes are required for growth under modeled, or simulated, microgravity conditions compared to normal gravity controls. To conduct this study, we focused on the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which forms a monospecific symbiosis with the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. The symbiosis has been studied during spaceflight and in ground-based modeled microgravity conditions. We employed a library of over 40,000 V. fischeri transposon mutants and compared the fitness of mutants in modeled microgravity compared to the gravity controls using transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq). We identified dozens of genes that exhibited fitness defects under both conditions, likely due to the controlled anaerobic environment, yet we identified relatively few genes with differential effects under modeled microgravity or gravity specifically: only mutants in rodA were more depleted under modeled microgravity, and mutants in 12 genes exhibited greater depletion under gravity conditions. We additionally compared RNA-seq and INSeq data and determined that expression under microgravity was not predictive of the essentiality of a given gene. In summary, empirical determination of conditional gene essentiality identifies few microgravity-specific genes for environmental growth of V. fischeri, suggesting that the condition of microgravity has a minimal impact on symbiont gene requirement. IMPORTANCE There is substantial evidence that both the host immune system and microbial physiology are altered during space travel. It is difficult to discern the molecular mechanisms of these processes in a complex microbial consortium and during the short durations of experiments in space. By using a model organism that is amenable to high-throughput genetic approaches, we have determined that V. fischeri does not require a separate genetic repertoire for media growth in modeled microgravity versus gravity conditions. Our results argue that future studies on how this organism forms a specific and stable association with its animal host will not be confounded by growth effects in the environment. The identification of similar genetic requirements under modeled microgravity and gravity suggest that fitness pressures on microbiome growth in space may be similar to those on Earth and may not negatively impact their animal hosts during long-duration spaceflight.
Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) in an adult outpatient sample seeking an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment: Age of onset and assessment method impact on SCT rates

Abstract Background Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is associated with—but distinct from—attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined SCT rates in adult outpatients seeking an ADHD assessment, differences in rates based on ADHD status, impact of assessment method (i.e., reporting source, symptom count, and functional impairment), and age of SCT symptom onset. Methods Outpatients (n = 124) completed an SCT measure (n = 120 other-reporters). SCT was based on reporting source (i.e., self-report, other-report, either reporting source [“or” rule], and both reporting sources [“and” rule]), symptom count (i.e., age-based norms at or near the 93rd percentile, and a higher symptom count threshold of five), and functional impairment (i.e., 0, 1, and ≥2 domains). Results SCT rates varied based on assessment method for the full sample (26%–82%) and among those with (32%–91%) and without (16%–66%) ADHD. Rates decreased with stricter functional impairment and symptom count criteria. SCT was higher in the ADHD group than the non-ADHD group based on other-reporters and the “or” rule, but not the “and” rule. Functional impairment and symptom count criteria did not impact these comparisons. For self-reported SCT rates, ADHD/non-ADHD group comparisons did not differ based on age-based symptom count threshold, but did with a symptom count threshold of five. Self-reported SCT symptom onset was 13.36 years-old and was significantly younger for the ADHD group (11.69 years) than the non-ADHD group (16.36 years). Conclusions Elevated SCT symptoms and related impairment are common among adults seeking an ADHD evaluation. These rates and ADHD/non-ADHD group differences vary substantially based on diagnostic methods.
Why do allies receive less aid than non-allies?

Traditionally, scholars believe that formal defense alliances increase foreign aid allocation. However, this paper finds since the 1970s, OECD donors have been increasing their development assistance to non-allies, and by the mid-2000s, the average amount of aid allocated to non-allies has surpassed that of allies. What explains this changing pattern of alliance and foreign aid allocation? This paper argues that alliance’s impact on foreign aid is conditional on the global security environment, defined as the sum of hostility and insecurity between all states in the system. Alliance can save donors’ budgets through attraction and substitution mechanisms when the security environment is favorable. This paper contributes to the debate on the cost of alliances by showing that alliances can reduce the financial burden of the leading state. It will test the hypothesis with two-way fixed effect models and various robustness checks using foreign aid data from 1960 to 2013.
Microsurgical Resection of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Thoracic Spine via the Transthoracic Approach Without Spinal Fusion: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

Surgical management of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains challenging because of the fragility of the thoracic spinal cord. Posterior approach with long instrumentation has been predominantly performed. However, this procedure includes the risk of neurologic deterioration caused by the progression of OPLL during long-term follow-up and the need for long instrumentation to achieve dekyphosis, even for so-called beaked-type OPLL between 1 vertebra. The present Video shows the microsurgical removal of OPLL in the middle thoracic level without spinal fusion, including the operative tips. The surgical techniques were demonstrated in detail handling patients with single OPLL. The patient is a 54-year-old woman with T5-6 OPLL. She presented with gradually worsening myelopathy and underwent the operation via the transthoracic anterolateral approach. Although intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred, it was successfully treated with fibrin glue sealing and spinal drainage. The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improved from 5.5 preoperatively to 8.0 postoperatively. Postoperative deterioration of the thoracic kyphotic angle has not been noticed during the follow-up period of 149.7 months. Anterior decompression is the logical and ideal procedure to treat thoracic myelopathy caused by OPLL; however, this procedure is technically demanding. Microsurgery via the transthoracic anterolateral approach enables direct visualization of the thoracic ventral ossified lesion. Relatively narrow and little resection of the vertebral body under the presently demonstrated microsurgical procedures might negate the need for bone grafting or spinal instrumentation. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording (Video 1).
HPSD ablation for AF high-power short-duration RF ablation for atrial fibrillation: A review.

This manuscript reviews the literature for all in silico, ex vivo, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies of high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablations. It reviews the biophysics of RF energy delivery applicable to HPSD and the use of surrogate endpoints to guide the duration of HPSD ablations. In silico modeling shows that a variety of settings in power, contact force and RF duration can result in the same surrogate endpoint value of ablation index and several HPSD combinations produce lesion volumes similar to a low-power long-duration (LPLD) RF application. HPSD lesions are broader with more endocardial effect and are slightly shallower but still transmural. The first 10 s of RF application is most important for lesion formation with diminishing effect beyond 20 s. The ideal contact force is 10-20 g with only a small effect beyond 30 g. In vitro and in vivo models confirm that HPSD makes transmural lesions that are often broader and shallower, and with proper settings, result in fewer steam pops than LPLD. One randomized trial shows better outcomes with HPSD and validates lesion size index as a surrogate endpoint. Clinical studies of HPSD using comparator groups of LPLD ablations uniformly show shorter procedure times and shorter total RF energy delivery for HPSD. HPSD generally has a higher first pass vein isolation rate and a lower acute vein reconnection rate than LPLD. Although not dramatically different from LPLD, long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation and complication rates seem slightly better with HPSD.
Chapter 10 – Programming Data Parallel FPGA Applications Using the SIMD/Vector Model

Publisher Summary This chapter explores parallel processing on reconfigurable computers using the single instruction multiple data (SIMD)/vector model. Reconfigurable computers can exploit parallelism at many different levels of granularity, from coarse-grained parallel tasks to fine-grained instruction-level parallelism. The massive amount of parallelism available in the reconfigurable computer more than compensates for its slow clock rate—one-tenth the clock rate of modern microprocessors. Raw spatial parallelism is plentiful in reconfigurable processors, especially those based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The challenge is to partition and map the application onto the inherently parallel fabric of lookup tables, DSP blocks, and memories. Parallel activities can be explicitly described and scheduled by the programmer or hardware designer, or can be inferred through analysis of the source code. SIMD/vector parallelism is very well suited to the spatial parallelism of FPGAs and other coarse-grained arithmetic logic unit (ALU) arrays. In this programming model, aggregate data such as vectors and matrices are processed in parallel on arrays of function units. The data parallel model maps naturally to the physical structure of FPGAs, with dedicated hardware blocks of arithmetic units and memories tiled regularly in a two-dimensional array, as well as a flexible interconnect. There are many degrees of freedom in an FPGA implementation. The data parallel engine can be customized to the datasets being processed in terms of geometry (one versus multidimensional arrays), interconnect (linear, mesh, torus), and even processing elements (PE) instruction set.
Internal Moving Mass Actuator Control for Mars Entry Guidance

An internal moving mass actuator control system is proposed for angle-of-attack and sideslip-based Mars precision entry guidance. Internal moving mass actuators provide vehicle control moments without direct interaction with the external flowfield. This enables trajectory control without destabilization concerns associated with aerodynamic flap ablation and flowfield interaction for both flap and thruster control systems. Angle-of-attack and sideslip control is proposed as an alternative to bank angle guidance for decoupling range and crossrange control for improved precision entry guidance. A new variant of the Apollo Earth return terminal guidance algorithm is presented and used to provide closed-loop attitude commands. A linear-quadratic controller with integral error action is synthesized and tuned for a Mars Phoenix-sized entry vehicle with two internal moving mass actuators for guidance command tracking. Nonlinear simulation of the controller for the eight-degree-of-freedom system demonstrates preci...
Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment.

Two studies examined parents' pre-treatment expectancies for their child's psychotherapy among children (N = 405, ages 2–15) referred for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. Study I focused on the development of a measure to assess expectancies. The results indicated that the measure was internally consistent. Moreover, socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic minority status, severity of child dysfunction, child age, and parental stress and depression were significant predictors of lower parent expectancies for child therapy. Study II examined the relation of parent expectancies and participation in therapy. The results indicated that parent expectancies predicted subsequent barriers to treatment participation, treatment attendance, and premature termination from therapy. Overall, these findings have implications for the study of expectancies for therapy, for identifying families at risk for premature termination from treatment, and for the development of interventions designed to increase parent participation in child therapy.
The pi- p --> gamma gamma n Reaction and Pion Compton Scattering

We propose to measure the two--photon capture mode of pionic hydrogen using the RMC pair spectrometer at the TRIUMF cyclotron. Currently, only an experimental upper limit of B.R. gamma gamma annihilation graph. More speculatively, since crossing symmetry relates pi pi --> gamma gamma to gamma pi --> gamma pi, this threshold reaction may be a novel probe of the pion's electric polarizability. We show results of our 1997 engineering run and Monte Carlo studies for the two photon capture mode of pionic hydrogen and carbon. We also present our preliminary upper limit for the pi- p --> gamma gamma n B.R. <= 2.8E-4.
Chronic pancreatitis: A complication of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement, has been reported to be associated with a number of gastrointestinal complications. Acute pancreatitis is an unusual manifestation of this disorder. This report presents two cases of patients with SLE who developed chronic pancreatitis with no other identifiable etiology.
SELF‐PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF A SEX ADDICT WITH SADOMASOCHISTIC BEHAVIOURS: A CASE REPORT

From a self-psychological perspective, sex addiction can be viewed as repeated unsuccessful attempts at remedying central deficits in an uncohesive psychic structure. The sex addict uses sex in an attempt to compensate for the deficits in the self's capacities for tension regulation, self-soothing and self-esteem regulation, as well as, preventing regressive fragmentation. Until these psychic structures can be built for the sex addict, these deficits will continue to be disabling. A case formulation exemplifies some of the foundations upon which the self-psychology is used in conceptualizing a client's narcissism, hypochondria and sadomasochistic behaviour.
An algorithm to compensate for source spectral impurity in dynamic range measurements (ADCs)

An algorithm to compensate for the effect of signal-source distortion in the measurement of the dynamic performance of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is described. The algorithm uses two sets of measurements: one set taken with the function generator and another taken with an all-pass filter inserted between the function generator and the ADC. Simulation results indicate that ADCs with a dynamic range of 60-70 dB can be measured with an absolute accuracy of better than 0.2 dB using a signal generator that has -40 dB distortion components. >
A Structural Approach to Subset-Sum Problems

We discuss a structural approach to subset-sum problems in additive combinatorics. The core of this approach are Freiman-type structural theorems, many of which will be presented through the paper. These results have applications in various areas, such as number theory, combinatorics and mathematical physics.
Influence of lung volume on pulmonary microvascular pressure-volume characteristics

The pressure-volume (P-V) characteristics of the lung microcirculation are important determinants of the pattern of pulmonary perfusion and of red and white cell transit times. Using diffuse light ...
Fibrinogen media for studies on staphylococci.

Deneke, Anneliese (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and Hans Blobel. Fibrinogen media for studies on staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 83:533-537. 1962-Fibrinogen media were prepared simply by spreading rabbit plasma or a bovine fibrinogen solution over the surface of certain solidified agar media, thus eliminating the necessity of incorporation of fibrinogen into liquefied agar media at a critical temperature. With agar media composed of heart infusion broth, blood agar base, or Trypticase soy broth, distinct coagulase reactions were observed which corresponded closely to those obtained with the tube test.A bovine fibrinogen solution, applied to the surface of some of the commonly used selective media for staphylococci, provided an additional and more specific test system for coagulase production of individual colonies, and consequently aided in the presumptive identification of pathogenic staphylococci.
Livestock in biomedical research: history, current status and future prospective

Livestock models have contributed significantly to biomedical and surgical advances. Their contribution is particularly prominent in the areas of physiology and assisted reproductive technologies, including understanding developmental processes and disorders, from ancient to modern times. Over the past 25 years, biomedical research that traditionally embraced a diverse species approach shifted to a small number of model species (e.g. mice and rats). The initial reasons for focusing the main efforts on the mouse were the availability of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and genome sequence data. This powerful combination allowed for precise manipulation of the mouse genome (knockouts, knockins, transcriptional switches etc.) leading to ground-breaking discoveries on gene functions and regulation, and their role in health and disease. Despite the enormous contribution to biomedical research, mouse models have some major limitations. Their substantial differences compared with humans in body and organ size, lifespan and inbreeding result in pronounced metabolic, physiological and behavioural differences. Comparative studies of strategically chosen domestic species can complement mouse research and yield more rigorous findings. Because genome sequence and gene manipulation tools are now available for farm animals (cattle, pigs, sheep and goats), a larger number of livestock genetically engineered (GE) models will be accessible for biomedical research. This paper discusses the use of cattle, goats, sheep and pigs in biomedical research, provides an overview of transgenic technology in farm animals and highlights some of the beneficial characteristics of large animal models of human disease compared with the mouse. In addition, status and origin of current regulation of GE biomedical models is also reviewed.
Maximizing Avian Wellness Examinations

Abstract Preventive health care for companion birds requires a thorough knowledge of diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. Subclinical health problems are common in pet birds and can be detected with regular examinations and diagnostics. In most cases, environmental, nutritional, and behavioral management of pet avian species can be improved, even if there are no current health problems affecting the bird(s) being examined. By obtaining a thorough history from the client and medical evaluation of the bird, including risk assessment, appropriate diagnostics, and comprehensive intervention, the value of wellness care to the avian patient is maximized.
Dynamic leadership development in community college administration: Theories, applications, and implications

Leaders and managers in community colleges need to be flexible in their everyday job roles and responsibilities. Teams are widely used to serve specific purposes in community college administration. Adopting the research of several Harvard scholars, the authors remind community college administrators when creating dynamic teams to keep a careful balance of leaders and managers.
On the Use of Subtraction Fields and the Lifetimes of Some Types of Meson Decay

The method of subtraction fields in current meson perturbation theory is described, and it is shown that it leads to finite results in all processes. The method is, however, not without ambiguities, and these are stated. It is then applied to the following problems in meson decay: Decay of a neutral meson into two and three γ-rays, into a positron-electron pair, and into another neutral meson and photon; decay of a charged meson into another charged meson and a photon, and into an electron (or μ-meson) and neutrino. The lifetimes are tabulated in Tables I, II and III. The results are quite different from those of previous calculations, in all those cases in which divergent and conditionally4 convergent integrals occur before subtraction, but identical whenever divergences are absent. The results are discussed in the light of recent experimental evidence.
Microwave spectra and structural parameters of equatorial-trans cyclobutanol

Abstract The microwave spectra of the three singly substituted 13 C isotopomers and 18 O isotopomer of equatorial- trans cyclobutanol, c-C 4 H 7 OH, have been observed in natural abundance by a pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The fit for the normal species was improved from the previous study. The rotational constants for the α- 13 C, β- 13 C, γ- 13 C and 18 O isotopic species were determined. The five quartic centrifugal distortion constants were determined for the first time. These experimental values are compared to those obtained from ab initio and density functional theory calculations. By utilizing the previously reported microwave rotational constants for the O–D species along with the 15 constants determined from this study combined with the structural parameters predicted from the MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) calculations, adjusted r 0 parameters have been obtained. The determined heavy atom distances in A are: r 0 (C 1 –C 4,5 ) = 1.547(3), r 0 (C 6 –C 4,5 ) = 1.556(3), r 0 (C–O) = 1.412(3) A and angles O 2 C 1 C 4 , 5 = 120.2 ( 5 ) , C 4 C 1 C 5 = 88.9 ( 5 ) and puckering angle τC 6 C 5 C 4 C 1 = 31.3(10)°. The parameters are compared to the similar ones for some other monosubstituted cyclobutanes as well as to those for cyclobutane.
Folded chain concept of fiber structure

The fringed fibril concept of fiber structure is suported by the high longitudinal and smaller lateral tensile strength and elastic modulus, but one experiences difficulty in explaining the longitudinal periodicity and the accommodation of amorphous chains between subsequent crystals. The situation is exactly opposite with the extreme folded chain concept. A compromise between the two concepts seems to fit all experimental evidence and is supported by electron microscopy and X-ray investigation of plastic deformation of single crystals and bulk samples of PE. The partial chain folding at the transversal surface of the crystals provides enough space for the amorphous conformation of tie molecules that connect the subsequent crystal lamellae and produce the good longitudinal mechanical properties of the fiber. The lamellae are roughly perpendicular to the fiber axis and consist of slightly mismatched folded chain blocks with skewed fold-containing surfaces. The lateral dimensions of blocks are between 100 A and 300 A, and of lamellae a few thousand A. The blocks are arranged in long microfibrils. The lamellae are stacked in fibrils extending over many tens of microns in the fiber direction. The boundaries between fibrils are a consequence of different deformation rate and draw ratio between adjacent fibrils. They are regions of weakened strength and may even result in longitudinal voids.
Renal preservation A modified solution for 18 hours of protection

Abstract The effect of a modified intracellular type of perfusion solution on extracorporeal preservation periods was studied in mongrel dogs. Preservation periods of twenty-hours were achieved when corticosteroids (1 mg. per milliliter) were added to the per fusate. Clinically successful preservation up to fifteen hours was obtained after a single perfusion.
Racemisation-free synthesis of chiral acylsulfonamides

Abstract The development and application of a synthesis of acylsulfonamide A avoiding racemisation of the labile benzylic stereogenic centre is described.
Silicon Accumulation in Dialysis Patients

Plasma silicon measurements have been obtained in patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic dialysis therapy. The mean ± SE values for normal plasma silicon concentrations are .15 ±.02 mg/L. All dialysis groups showed marked elevations in their plasma silicon that correlated with the silicon content of their respective dialysis fluids. The values of two different hemodialysis groups and a peritoneal dialysis group were 4.6 ± .4, 2.5 ± .2, and 1.9 ± 1.2 mg/L, respectively. The silicon content of their respective dialysis fluids were 4.0 ± .7, 0.5 ± .4, and 0 ± .1 mg/L. The ultrafiltrability of plasma silicon through Cuprophane membranes was 79 ± 2%. Hemodialysis patients drinking highsilicon well water showed significantly higher plasma silicon levels than patients drinking lower silicon municipal water. It is concluded that use of dialysis fluid with elevated silicon levels and the consumption of water containing high concentrations of silicon are two important determinants of silicon levels in a dialysis population. We observed no overt effects of silicon accumulation on the health status of our dialysis patients.
The Isaacs–Navarro conjecture for the alternating groups

Abstract A recent refinement of the McKay conjecture is verified for the case of the alternating groups. The argument builds upon the verification of the conjecture for the symmetric groups [P. Fong, The Isaacs–Navarro conjecture for symmetric groups, J. Algebra 250 (1) (2003) 154–161].
Prodded retrieval from a semantic category

Two hundred subjects were required to write down a specified number of names of birds. Absolute frequencies of names emitted were higher than those found by Battig and Montague (1969), but, as they also found, frequencies decreased sharply from a few high-frequency names.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL EXCHANGE COUPLING IN IRIDIUM TRIHYDRIDE COMPLEXES

Cationic trihydride complexes of the form [(η-C5R5)Ir(L)H3]BF4 (R = H, Me; L = various phosphines) have been studied. The 1H NMR spectra of these complexes at low temperature display line patterns in the hydride region consistent with AB2X or A2BX spin systems (X = 31P). The values for the HA−HB coupling constant (JAB) derived by computer simulation of the observed spectra are large, ranging from 20−830 Hz. In general, JAB is inversely proportional to the basicity of the ligand L and strongly temperature dependent. These unusual coupling constants have been attributed to quantum mechanical exchange coupling of the hydride ligands. All of the complexes have been partially deuterated and tritiated at the hydride sites and studied by both 1H and 3H NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to JAB, the values of JHT and JTT are independent of temperature. The observed values for JHT have been used to ascertain the contribution of the magnetic H−H coupling to JAB. The contributions of the exchange coupling to JAB have bee...
Stability and dynamical properties of Cooper-Shepard-Sodano compactons

Extending a Pade approximant method used for studying compactons in the Rosenau-Hyman (RH) equation, we study the numerical stability of single compactons of the Cooper-Shepard-Sodano (CSS) equation and their pairwise interactions. The CSS equation has a conserved Hamiltonian which has allowed various approaches for studying analytically the nonlinear stability of the solutions. We study three different compacton solutions and find they are numerically stable. Similar to the collisions between RH compactons, the CSS compactons re-emerge with same coherent shape when scattered. The time evolution of the small-amplitude ripple resulting after scattering depends on the values of the parameters l and p characterizing the corresponding CSS equation. The simulation of the CSS compacton scattering requires a much smaller artificial viscosity to obtain numerical stability than in the case of RH compacton propagation.
Diversification and intervalling effects on stock returns

Diversification and intervalling effects on stock markets have been studied separately in the literature. This paper studies empirically the interaction of these two joint effects on five international stock markets. The diversification benefits may depend on the length of the holding interval because the covariance between two stock indexes may not change proportionally with the individual stock indexes' variances when the holding interval varies. The empirical results show that the degree of diversification benefit varies with the length of the holding interval. The greatest gain occurs with the shortest holding interval while the degree of risk reduction decreases with an increase in the holding interval in general.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hydrogen bonding and aromatic proton shifts in substituted naphthalenes

Hydrogen bonding in several hydroxy-acetonaphthones and hydroxy-naphthaldehydes have been assessed by means of their proton resonance spectra. Variations in hydrogen-bond strength are ascribed to both steric and electronic factors. The aromatic proton signals have been studied in the above compounds and in other naphthalene derivatives, and differences in the shifts have been evaluated with regard to the inductive, anisotropio, and steric differences in the substituents. The importance of the peri interaction in naphthalene compounds is noted.
Luminescence and compositional analysis of Y3Al5O12:Ce films fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition

Y3–xAl5O12:Cex 3+ (YAG:Ce3+) thin-films were deposited by a pulsed-laser deposition method on quartz substrates using a solid YAG:Ce target. The films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The as-deposited films were amorphous and annealing above 900 °C was required for crystallization. PL spectra of annealed films showed a strong and broad emission band around 570 nm and excitations at 342 and 460 nm, all corresponding to transitions between the 4f 1 ground level to the 5d 1 excited levels of Ce3+ ion. Chemical analysis of films by EDX resulted in nearly the same information as that of the target illustrating excellent stoichiometry replication of the film from the target being sputtered.
Modeling the Racial and Ethnic Implications of Admissions Policy Changes in the Pursuit of Tier One Status

University of HoustonThe present study sought to examine both how the diversity of admitted students haschanged over time, as well as how increasing selectivity of admissions criteria mightchange the racial/ethnic composition of admitted students at two aspiring Tier One insti-tutions in Texas. Data included Þve years of institutional records for Þrst-time-in-college(FTIC) applicants. Findings indicated that both universities consistently attracted andadmitted a diverse applicant pool. However, Þndings speciÞc to predicted changes in theselectivity of admissions criteria revealed that substantial changes will likely decrease thepercentage of traditionally underrepresented students who are admitted at both institutions.Keywords:
Heritage speaker competence differences, language change, and input type: Inflected infinitives in Heritage Brazilian Portuguese

It has been argued that colloquial dialects of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) have undergone significant linguistic change resulting in the loss of inflected infinitives (e.g., Pires, 2002, 2006). Since BP adults, at least educated ones, have complete knowledge of inflected infinitives, the implicit claim is that they are transmitted via formal education in the standard dialect. In the present article, I test one of the latent predictions of such claims; namely, the fact that heritage speakers of BP who lack formal education in the standard dialect should never develop native-like knowledge of inflected infinitives. In doing so, I highlight two significant implications (a) that heritage speaker grammars are a good source for testing dialectal variation and language change proposals and (b) incomplete acquisition and/or attrition are not the only sources of heritage language competence differences. Employing the syntactic and semantic tests of Rothman and Iverson (2007), I compare heritage speakers' knowledge to Rothman and Iverson's advanced adult L2 learners and educated native controls. Unlike the latter groups, the data for heritage speakers indicate that they do not have target knowledge of inflected infinitives, lending support to Pires' claims, suggesting that literacy plays a significant role in the acquisition of this grammatical property in BP.
LiLa6I12Os, a substitutional derivative of rhombohedral La(La6I12Os)

Abstract The series of quaternary rare-earth-metal halide cluster compounds ALa6I12Z with transition metal interstitials Z and alkali or alkaline-earth metal cations A has been expanded to include A=Li. The compounds synthesized by high-temperature solid-state techniques for Z=Os, Ir, Pt, Ru are isotypic with rhombohedral R7X12Z ( R 3 ¯ , Z=3). The refined single X-ray crystal structure of (Li0.967La0.033)La6I12Os is reported, along with supportive results from a Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction from a different sample, 7Li MAS-NMR, and electronic resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The samples show continuous Li1−xLax cation compositions and are generally semiconductors, but their complex paramagnetic properties are not those of simple spin-only systems.
An Investigation into the Equilibrium Structure of the Commodity Futures Market Anomaly

Commodity futures contracts are shown to be characterized by indivisibility problems and tax disadvantages. An empirical test demonstrates that long futures investors were compensated for these drawbacks prior to the mid-1970s. However, compensation for the investment disadvantages of commodity futures ceased to exist after 1974. The year 1974 is significant because barriers to institutional investment in the futures market were removed in that year.
Regulation of de novo phosphatidylinositol synthesis

Mechanisms that function to regulate the rate of de novo phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthesis in mammalian cells have not been elucidated. In this study, we characterize the effect of phorbol ester treatment on de novo PtdIns synthesis in C3A human hepatoma cells. Incubation of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) initially (1-6 h) results in a decrease in precursor incorporation into PtdIns; however, at later times (18-24 h), a marked increase is observed. TPA-induced glucose uptake from the medium is not required for observation of the stimulation of PtdIns synthesis, because the effect is apparent in glucose-free medium. Inhibition of the activation of arachidonic acid substantially blocks the synthesis of PtdIns but has no effect on the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Increasing the concentration of cellular phosphatidic acid by blocking its conversion to diacylglycerol, on the other hand, enhances the synthesis of PtdIns and inhibits the synthesis of PtdCho. The TPA-induced stimulation of PtdIns synthesis is not the result of the concomitant TPA-induced G1 arrest, because G1 arrest induced by mevastatin has no effect on PtdIns synthesis. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity blocks the stimulatory action of TPA on de novo synthesis of PtdIns but has no effect on TPA-induced inhibition. Potential sites of enzymatic regulation are discussed.
Using a Digital Frame and Pictorial Information to Enhance the SafeCare® Parent-Infant Interactions Module With a Mother with Intellectual Disabilities: Results of a Pilot Study

Parents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are disproportionately represented in the child welfare system. Parents with ID can be better served by developing curricula that support various modes of learning. Technology offers a potentially effective tool because it is visual, interactive, and self-instructional. SafeCare® is an evidence-based parenting program with flexibility to adapt its curricula while maintaining fidelity. This research presents the results of a pilot study that examined the effectiveness of an adaptation to the SafeCare® parent-infant interactions (PII) module for a mother with ID by using a digital picture frame with pictures of the mother and her infant engaged in skills that met the performance criteria for PII. A multiple-probe design across behaviors was used with the mother and her infant, showing a dramatic increase in PII skills that was maintained across 3 monthly follow-ups. Although further research is necessary, the preliminary data suggest the digital picture frame enha...