cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Quantum Dot–Nerve Cell Interfaces

Nerve cells communicate by passing electrical signals through extensions from their cell bodies. Micron-scale devices such as microelectrode arrays and field effect transistors have already been used to externally manipulate these signals. However, these devices are almost as large as the cell body of the neuron. In order to make functional electrical connections to nerve extensions or their component ion channels that propagate signals, it will be necessary to utilize increasingly smaller components. We propose the use of semiconductor quantum dots, which can be optically activated, as a potential means of perturbing the nerve membrane potentials. As a first step, we have created qdot-neuron interfaces with cadmium sulfide quantum dots. The qdots may be attached to cells either non-specifically or through selected interactions exploiting biorecognition molecules attached to the qdot particle surface. We have investigated the effect of altered synthesis conditions including pH, concentration, reactant ratio, ligand length, ligand R group, and ligand concentration on the nature and quality of qdot-cell binding. We discuss the effect of these altered synthesis conditions on particle fluorescence intensity and color. Additionally, we studied the interaction of these particles with cells and determined that larger particles are more likely to bind non-specifically than smaller particles produced with the same amount of passivating ligand. It is possible this results from reduced surface area coverage of passivating chemical. Finally, we have produced particles passivated with the biorecognition peptide CGGGRGDS in the absence of other chemical stabilizers and characterized their surfaces using NMR and IR.
Effects of unilateral and bilateral spreading depression on water intake

The total amount of water consumed by water-deprived rats was measured over successive 3-min. intervals of a 30-min. access period before, during and after unilateral or bilateral spreading depression. The results indicated: (a) bilateral spreading depression slowed the rate of drinking and reduced total water intake; (b) unilateral spreading depression slowed the rate of drinking but did not affect total water intake; (c) neither bilateral nor unilateral spreading depression had any aftereffect on the rate of drinking or on total water intake the day following depression.
The Synthesis of Boron-Containing Ceramics by Pyrolysis of Polymeric Lewis Base Adducts of Decaborane(14)

Polymeric adducts, [B10H12L∼∼L]x, have been prepared by reaction of B10H14 with diphosphines and diamines. These show good promise as precursors whose pyrolysis can give either boron carbide (in the case of the diphosphine polymers) or boron carbonitride and boron nitride (in the case of the diamine polymers).
Distance Representations of Consumer Perceptions: Evaluating Appropriateness by Using Diagnostics:

To understand consumer perceptions of product/market structures, marketers must choose from a wide variety of spatial and tree models. Because spatial and tree representations in general possess di...
The role of growth hormone in T-cell development and reconstitution

Growth hormone (GH), directly or through GH-induction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, has been implicated in lymphocyte development and function. Recent studies have questioned the role of GH and IGF-1 in immune responses. This review examines experimental data describing the immunoregulatory function of GH and attempts to reconcile the literature.
The effect of bovine oocyte cryopreservation on the histone acetylation and CD9 expression

This study was conducted to investigate effect of cryopreservaion on histone acetylation and CD9 expression in bovine metaphaseⅡ(MⅡ)oocytes.The oocytes were randomly allocated into three groups:untreated(control),exposed to vitrification solution without being plunged into liquid nitrogen(toxicity),or vitrified by open-pulled straw method(vitrification).After vitrification and warming,the oocytes were morphologically evaluated and their viability were assessed using fluorescein diacetate(FDA)stainning.Histone acetylation were examined by fluorescence microscopy,CD9expression in oocytes was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The results showed that after oocytes warming,the rates of morphologically normal and surviving oocytes(93.8% and 92.7%,respectively)in the vitrification group were lower(P0.05)than those in both the Toxicity(100.0% and 97.2%,respectively)and control(100.0% and 98.5%,respectively)groups.There were no significant difference(P0.05)in either rate between the toxicity and control groups.The relative histone acetylation was significantly increased in oocytes after vitrification.The vitrification/warming procedures significantly decreased CD9 expression at leveles of mRNA and protein.In conclusion,vitrification of bovine oocytes caused a decrease in their survival,and changed the expression of histone acetylation and CD9as well.
Directional Hearing and Head-Related Transfer Function in Odontocete Cetaceans

The head-related transfer function (HRTF) is an important descriptor of spatial sound field reception by the listener. In this study, we computed the HRTF of the common dolphin Delphinus delphis. The received sound pressure level at various locations within the acoustic fats of the internal pinna near the surface of the tympanoperiotic complex (TPC) was calculated for planar incident waves directed toward the animal. The relative amplitude of the received pressure versus the incident pressure was the representation of the HRTF from the point of view of the animal. It is of interest that (1) different locations on the surface of the TPC resulted in different HRTFs, (2) the HRTFs for the left and right ears were slightly asymmetric, and (3) the locations of the peaks of the HRTF depended on the frequency of the incident wave.
SGK-1 and PHLPP1: Ras-mediated effectors during ECM-detachment

Cancer metastasis accounts for approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths yet available therapeutics are often not effective at eliminating metastatic cells. Metastasis is an inherently inefficient...
Stable angina: Current state of disease management

Objective To describe the epidemiology, impact, pathogenesis, patient presentation, and treatment of stable angina, including the use of vasculoprotective and antianginal drug therapies and coronary revascularization procedures. Summary Stable angina is an age-related condition that typically affects men at an earlier age than women, adversely affects quality of life, and increases mortality. Stable angina is the result of an increase in myocardial oxygen demand in the setting of coronary arteries chronically narrowed by large, stable atherosclerotic plaques and a diminished myocardial oxygen supply. The characteristics of the chest pain or discomfort contribute to the clinical presentation. Treatment guidelines call for efforts to modify CHD risk, antianginal drug therapy, and patient education. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel may be used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and death. A beta-blocker or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker may be used as initial antianginal drug therapy, and a long-acting nitrate or dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker may be added. The choice among antianginal drug therapies often hinges on patient characteristics, contraindications, and adverse effects. Revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery is an option for ischemia refractory to maximum tolerated dosages of antianginal therapy. Conclusion Various drug therapies may be used to manage stable angina, with coronary revascularization as an option in patients who are refractory to drug therapy. However, antianginal drug therapies may prove inadequate for managing anginal episodes for a variety of reasons, and revascularization is not always effective.
Human-Visual-System-Inspired Underwater Image Quality Measures

Underwater images suffer from blurring effects, low contrast, and grayed out colors due to the absorption and scattering effects under the water. Many image enhancement algorithms for improving the visual quality of underwater images have been developed. Unfortunately, no well-accepted objective measure exists that can evaluate the quality of underwater images similar to human perception. Predominant underwater image processing algorithms use either a subjective evaluation, which is time consuming and biased, or a generic image quality measure, which fails to consider the properties of underwater images. To address this problem, a new nonreference underwater image quality measure (UIQM) is presented in this paper. The UIQM comprises three underwater image attribute measures: the underwater image colorfulness measure (UICM), the underwater image sharpness measure (UISM), and the underwater image contrast measure (UIConM). Each attribute is selected for evaluating one aspect of the underwater image degradation, and each presented attribute measure is inspired by the properties of human visual systems (HVSs). The experimental results demonstrate that the measures effectively evaluate the underwater image quality in accordance with the human perceptions. These measures are also used on the AirAsia 8501 wreckage images to show their importance in practical applications.
Correlation of in situ cell Kinetics and Degree of Anaplasia in Human Brain Tumors: Identification of S-phase cells with anti-BUdR Antibodies

The goal of the neuropathological examination of a cerebral neoplasm is to obtain an accurate measure of its proliferative potential. The underlying assumption made by those who must treat patients is that there is a direct correlation between the histological characteristics of a brain tumor and its prognosis and its response to treatment. However, experience has shown that there is often a considerable variation in the clinical behavior and rate of proliferation of neoplasms with the same histological characteristics.
Human Diseases Related to Nuclear Envelope Proteins

The nuclear envelope has traditionally been looked at as a barrier separating the nucleus and cytoplasm and a complex organelle that disassembles and precisely reassembles during mitosis. However, the combination of cell biological discoveries localizing proteins to the nuclear envelope and human genetic investigations identifying disease-causing genes has show that the nuclear envelope must have tissue-selective functions beyond those general ones. Mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina, nuclear membranes, nuclear pore complexes and perinuclear space have been linked to a wide range of human diseases, sometimes called laminopathies or nuclear envelopathies, that often affect specific tissues and organ system. Genetic manipulations in model organisms and experiments on cultured cells have begun to decipher how mutations in genes encoding broadly expressed nuclear envelope proteins cause diseases. This research has even identified potential treatments for these rare diseases that impact on human health.
Musculoskeletal system for bio-inspired robotic systems based on ball and socket joints

Musculoskeletal system is the fundamental structure that allows complex mobility of biological systems. A lot of efforts have been made in the past to mimic this structure using synthetic materials for use in robotic systems. Development challenges for this technology include design and manufacturing, system integration, control methods and energy usage. One of the key elements of musculoskeletal system is artificial muscles or actuators used in this system. Actuators presented in the literature do not match the performance of natural muscles in most of the metrics such as force generation, strain output, frequency, power density, ease of control and repeatability. This paper briefly describes the recently introduced Twisted and Coiled Polymer (TCP) muscles integrated into a ball and socket joint made of ABS plus® material. The proposed structure consists of a class of ball-and-socket joint that incorporates TCP muscles and silicone to generate multidimensional actuation. Most traditional joint-and-actuator assemblies include passive rotary joints actuated by servomotors via gears transmission. Our proposed ABS based 3D printed joint is actuated by artificial muscles without any complex mechanical transmission system. In comparison with other such assemblies, the proposed joint system is a promising solution to the diverse applications in robotics, especially where soft actuators and cost effective solutions are needed.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Electronic Structure and Comparative Properties of LiNixMnyCozO2 Cathode Materials

We study the electronic structure and valence states in LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) materials and compare the resulting electronic, structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of a class of NMC compositions. The Jahn–Teller distortion in the transition metal (TM) octahedral complex allows us to determine the ionic states of the TM elements. The variation of Ni2+/Ni3+ and Co2+/Co3+ as the NMC composition changes alters the structural stability, electrical conductivity, lattice parameters, elastic modulus, and thermal stability. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Through intensive computational screening, we further show that long-range atomic ordering is absent in the NMC lattice due to the mixture of the ionic states and similar ionic radii of the TM elements. The first-principles modeling provides a theoretical foundation on a complete understanding of the physicochemical properties of NMC at the level of electronic structures.
Changes in Winter North Atlantic Extratropical Cyclones in High-Resolution Regional Pseudo–Global Warming Simulations

AbstractThe present study investigates changes in the location, frequency, intensity, and dynamical processes of North Atlantic extratropical cyclones with warming consistent with the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. The modeling, analysis, and prediction (MAP) climatology of midlatitude storminess (MCMS) feature-tracking algorithm was utilized to analyze 10 cold-season high-resolution atmospheric simulations over the North Atlantic region in current and future climates. Enhanced extratropical cyclone activity is most evident in the northeast North Atlantic and off the U.S. East Coast. These changes in cyclone activity are offset from changes in eddy kinetic energy and eddy heat flux. Investigation of the minimum SLP reached at each grid point reveals a lack of correspondence between the strongest events in the current and future simulations, indicating the future simulations produced a different population of storms. Examination of the percent...
Static Fatigue in Glasses and Alumina

Experimental results on delayed failure of FN borosilicate glass fused silica, and polycrystalline alumina are presented and compared with previous results on soda-lime silicate glasses. For higher stresses the results for the glasses fit on a universal curve; at lower stresses the reduced time for failure for FN and fused silica becomes longer than for soda-lime glass. The alumina data show a different slope than those for the glasses, implying a different corrosion reaction.
HIV-Infected Gay Men and Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapies

Advances in antiretroviral medications have resulted in precipitous declines in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality; however, high levels of adherence are crucial to the success of HIV therapies. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among HIV-infected gay, bisexual, and other MSM in the US, documenting the rates of ART adherence among diverse groups of MSM, contextual issues that affect adherence, and implications for secondary prevention. Findings suggest that adherence to HIV antiretroviral medications is highly variable and may differ as a result of measurement and the broader psychosocial and contextual issues affecting the lives of gay men. These issues include access to medical care, mental health (e.g., depression), substance use, treatment beliefs, complexity of treatment regimen, and the patient-provider relationship. To improve ART adherence among HIV-infected gay men, future interventions should be culturally appropriate and designed to address the complex array of factors influencing adherence among this population.
P 31 NMR study of discrete time-crystalline signatures in an ordered crystal of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Periodic driving of an interacting spin system may lead to unusual out-of-equilibrium states of matter, such as the discrete time crystal (DTC). Two recent experiments have reported a key signature of the DTC: for long enough interaction times, the system's response becomes rigidly locked to one half of the driving frequency. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, the authors observe this DTC signature in the most unexpected system to date: a three-dimensional, spatially ordered crystal. This challenges the paradigm that the DTC arises from many-body localization. Furthermore, hidden coherence in the system is revealed by the ``DTC echo'' experiment, and the effect of interactions during drive pulses is demonstrated.
Characterization of Noise Signatures of Involuntary Head Motion in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Repository.

The variability inherently present in biophysical data is partly contributed by disparate sampling resolutions across instrumentations. This poses a potential problem for statistical inference using pooled data in open access repositories. Such repositories combine data contributed by different research sites using different sampling resolutions. One example is the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange repository containing thousands of imaging and demographic records from participants in the spectrum of autism and age-matched neurotypical controls. Further, statistical analyses of groups from different diagnoses and demographics may be challenging, owing to the disparate number of participants across different clinical subgroups. In this paper, we examine the noise signatures of head motion data extracted from resting state fMRI data harnessed under different sampling resolutions. We characterize the quality of the noise in the variability of the raw linear and angular speeds for different clinical phenotypes in relation to age-matched controls. Further, we use bootstrapping methods to ensure compatible group sizes for statistical comparison and report the ranges of physical involuntary head excursions of these groups. We conclude that different sampling rates do affect the quality of noise in the variability of head motion data and, consequently, the type of random process appropriate to characterize the time series data. Further, given a qualitative range of noise, from pink to brown noise, it is possible to characterize different clinical subtypes and distinguish them in relation to ranges of neurotypical controls. These results may be of relevance to the pre-processing stages of the pipeline of analyses of resting state fMRI data, whereby head motion enters the criteria to clean imaging data from motion artifacts.
Clinical Decision Making for a Soft Tissue Hand Mass: When and How to Biopsy

Evaluation of a hand mass and subsequent surgical treatment is a frequent clinical encounter for the practicing hand surgeon. The clinical evaluation of benign and malignant hand tumors has traditionally focused on diagnosis, surgical excision, and reconstruction. There is a paucity of literature discussing the determining factors for a hand mass biopsy, its appropriate technique, and postbiopsy preparation and handling. This review discusses the approaches of the hand surgeon and orthopedic oncologist to a soft tissue mass in the hand and clarifies the term biopsy. Special attention is focused on preoperative decisions and indications for core needle, incisional, and excisional biopsies of hand masses. In addition, we include a discussion of surgical technique for obtaining a specimen, processing a specimen, and sending a specimen for pathological evaluation. This highlights specimen labeling and type of fixative utilized for pathological evaluation. This review features a section detailing clinical strategies to reduce morbidity associated with evaluation and treatment of benign and malignant hand masses and is based on recommendations from a synopsis of expert opinion and literature review.
The Retail Electricity Service Business in a Competitive Environment

Retail electricity markets continue to change. These changes are driven by restructuring, the advent of competition, and increasing needs to influence the pattern and/or amount of energy use. Branding, attitude and image measurement, and understanding customer preference and behavior are paramount to electric service providers in this new world.
Psychology, History of (Twentieth Century)

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by M.G. Ash, volume 18, pp. 12399–12405, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Fine-tuning willingness-to-pay estimates in second price auctions for market goods

Abstract While the vast literature on induced-value second price auctions (SPAs) documents consistent overbidding behavior, this fact is conveniently ignored by some researchers when using SPAs to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for market goods. This raises serious concerns regarding the reliability of the resulting WTP estimates. We propose a simple experimental design that not only tests the external validity of SPA bids in this domain, but also suggests a procedure to help enhance the accuracy of WTP estimates for market goods in SPAs. Following the SPA, participants were offered a randomly chosen price at which they could purchase any amount of the good in an onsite real secondary market. A comparison between the SPA bids and behavior in the secondary market was used to uncover inconsistent subjects, who were classified as either overbidders or underbidders. We find robust evidence that the dominance of overbidding in SPAs leads to an upward bias in the WTP estimates. While this can compromise market good valuations by inflating the perceived value of products, our simple design can be used to adjust the bids in a manner that more accurately resembles the individual’s true unobservable valuation for the market good.
A new face for bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine: Incompatible geometric preferences dictates unprecedented pincer ligand connectivity

Abstract The planar pincer ligand bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, H2L, binds to copper(I) iodide to give a product of formula (H2L)2(CuI)3 which single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals to have two unprecedented features for this ligand: κ2 binding of one H2L and bridging of the second H2L across two copper centers. The broader implications of this finding are discussed.
Social support is associated with fewer reported symptoms and decreased treatment burden in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background Although social support has been linked to a variety of health outcomes in those with and without chronic illness, this construct has rarely been studied in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), who may face a unique set of clinical and psychosocial barriers. The current study explored the relationships between social support, mental health, physical health, treatment activity, and disease-specific quality of life in a sample of adults with CF. Methods Participants in the study included 250 adults with CF who took part in a larger longitudinal study. Participants were administered a battery of measures including a social support evaluation (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, ISEL), a health assessment (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, MSAS), a health-related quality of life measure (Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire – Revised, CFQ-R), and treatment activity questionnaires (Tool for Adherence Behaviour Screening, TABS and other surveys). Results Linear regression analyses indicated that greater social support was associated with fewer self-reported mental and physical health symptoms, digestive symptoms, and eating disturbances over time. Social support also was associated with elevated emotional, social, and role functioning as well as vitality and improved body image. Those who reported more support perceived less treatment burden and better overall perceptions of their health. Conclusions Social support has been shown to be associated with health outcomes in other chronic illnesses, and the same is true for adults with CF. This study fills gaps in the literature by examining outcomes of social support in this emerging adult population and providing a potential area for intervention.
Abstract 283: Combination treatment of PARP and SRC inhibitors in BRCA2 mutated prostate cancer

Background: Recently, poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) patients harboring DNA repair defects due to mutations of BRCA1/2 and ATM. Despite responses, resistance is common and treatment modalities for PARPi-resistant patients are limited. We hypothesized that combining PARPi with other agents in BRCA2 altered tumors would create synergy and greater response rate and durability. Methods: We established a transcriptomic profile associated with genomic deletion of BRCA2 (homozygous and heterozygous) using publicly available datasets from mCRPC patient tumors. To identify the significantly unregulated oncogenic signaling pathways associated with BRCA2 loss, we used gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also analyzed this transcriptomic profile by Toppgene suite to identify potential drug targets for BRCA2 deleted tumors. We used experimental human prostate cancer cell lines to validate our current observations from human clinical datasets and pathway analysis. Results: Our GSEA analysis showed significant enrichment of the SRC signaling pathway in BRCA2-altered tumors, and based on the Toppgene suite, we also identified dasatinib (pharmacological inhibitor of SRC) as a potential agent for BRCA2-deleted tumors. Similarly, we observed significant up regulation of SRC phosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP-abl and PC3M) that harbor genomic deletion of BRCA2. We performed cell growth assays in these BRCA2 deleted cells treated with PARPi (olaparib, talazoparib), and dasatinib alone or in combination and calculated drug synergy based on the Chou-Talay Method. PC3M and LNCaP-abl prostate cancer cell lines showed different sensitivities to olaparib and talazoparib. We used olaparib for PC3M and talazoparib for LNCaP-abl cells. Co-administration of the PARPi and SRCi showed significant synergy in both cell lines compared to either inhibitors alone. We will develop the rationale for combining PARPi and SRCi in CRPC patients who harbor defects of BRCA2 after completion of our study in xenograft models. Conclusion: Our study reveals the synergistic effect of PARPi and SRCi in prostate cancer cell lines. We believe this shows great potential for future clinical trials in patients with mCRPC harboring BRCA2 deletions. Citation Format: Nabeela Khan, Goutam Chakraborty, Subhiksha Nandakumar, Ying Z. Mazzu, Mohammad Atiq, Yuki Yoshikawa, Gwo-Shu Mary Lee, Philip Kantoff. Combination treatment of PARP and SRC inhibitors in BRCA2 mutated prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 283.
Molecular genetic approaches in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.

Definitive treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will depend upon understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of this degenerative process. Techniques derived from studies of molecular genetics will identify individuals at high risk [1]. These studies may also characterize the molecular defect(s) derived from the genetic expression of the disease, but we view them as future developments without clinical application for 1 to 2 decades. Alternatively, a shorter-term progress in the understanding of basic alterations of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and growth factors may lead to the development of ameliorative or palliative therapies that attenuate the expression of symptoms and possibly even slow the disease process [2].
Post-translational covalent assembly of CAR and synNotch receptors for programmable antigen targeting

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are engineered cell-surface receptors that sense a target antigen and respond by activating T cell receptor signaling or a customized gene program, respectively. To expand the targeting capabilities of these receptors, we have developed switchable adaptor receptor systems for which receptor specificity can be directed post-translationally via covalent attachment of a co-administered antibody. Instead of directly targeting an antigen, our receptors contain the SNAPtag self-labeling enzyme, which reacts with benzylguanine (BG)-conjugated antibodies to assemble covalently-associated antigen receptors. We demonstrate that activation of SNAP-CAR and SNAP-synNotch receptors and their downstream effector functions can be successfully targeted by several clinically-relevant BG-conjugated antibodies in an antigen-specific and antibody dose-dependent manner. To better define parameters affecting receptor signaling, we developed a mathematical model of switchable receptor systems. SNAP receptors provide a powerful new strategy to post-translationally reprogram the targeting specificity of engineered cells.
The next generation robotic microscopy for intraoperative teleneuropathology consultation

Introduction: Teleneuropathology at our institution evolved over the last 17 years from using static to dynamic robotic microscopy. Historically (2003–2007), using older technology, the deferral rate was 19.7%, and the concordance was 81% with the final diagnosis. Two years ago, we switched to use hybrid robotic devices to perform these intraoperative (IO) consultations because our older devices were obsolete. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact this change had on our deferral and concordance rates with teleneuropathology using this newer instrument. Materials and Methods: Aperio LV1 4-slide capacity hybrid robotic scanners with an attached desktop console (Leica Biosystems, Vista, CA, USA) and GoToAssist (v4.5.0.1620, Boston, MA, USA) were used for IO telepathology cases. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted comparing teleneuropathology from three remote hospitals (193 cases) to IO neuropathology consultation performed by conventional glass slide examination at a light microscope (310 cases) from the host hospital. Deferral and concordance rates were compared to final histopathological diagnoses. Results: The deferral rate for IO teleneuropathology was 26% and conventional glass slide 24.24% (P = 0.58). The concordance rate for teleneuropathology was 93.94%, which was slightly higher than 89.09% for conventional glass slides (P = 0.047). Conclusion: The new hybrid robotic device for performing IO teleneuropathology interpretations at our institution was as effective as conventional glass slide interpretation. While we did observe a noticeable change in the deferral rate compared to prior years, we did appreciate the marked improvement of the concordance rate using this new hybrid scanner.
Chapter 9 – Basic Membrane Properties of the Fluid Mosaic Model

Every aspect of membrane structural studies involves parameters that are very small and very fast. As a result a variety of highly specialized, usually esoteric biophysical methodologies must be employed, often simultaneously. It is the nature of the highly sophisticated techniques used to investigate membrane structure that unfortunately forms an almost insurmountable impediment between physical and biological approaches to membrane studies. This chapter will investigate several fundamental membrane properties using specific examples taken from the research literature. Emphasis will be placed on how the technique was employed to address a particular question. It is not the objective of this chapter, or this book, to discuss the intricate details of each technique, but rather to understand what questions the technique can address. In other words, the emphasis will be placed on application and not detailed methodology.
Related factors of recurrence of primary nephrotic syndrome in children

Objective To investigate the risk factors of recurrence of primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Methods The clinical data of 168 children with primary nephrotic syndrome in Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital from March 2014 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis and regression analysis were performed to analyze their clinical manifestations laboratory tests and treatment methods. Results Of the 168 cases, 53 cases presented recurrence. Results of two kinds of analysis showed that the first onset before 4 year-old, hematuria, more days required for syndrome remission, short treatment course and high quantity of urine protein were the common risk factors of primary nephrotic syndrome recurrence in children. Infection was the most likely cause of recurrence of primary nephrotic syndrome. Conclusions Repeated infection, days required for syndrome remission and the course of treatment are risk factors of recurrence of primary nephrotic syndrome. Key words: Nephrotic syndrome; Recurrence; Risk factors; Glucocorticoid
Enforcement Waves and Spillovers

We document that regulatory enforcement actions for financial misrepresentation cluster in industry-specific waves and that wave-related enforcement has information spillovers on industry peer firms. Waves and spillovers have significant effects on share prices. Early-wave target firms have the largest short-run losses in share values and the largest information spillovers on industry peer firms. Late-wave targets’ short-run losses are smaller, but not because they involve less costly instances of misconduct. Rather, late-wave targets are subject to more information spillovers from earlier in the wave. These results indicate that prices efficiently incorporate changes in the likelihood a firm will face enforcement action for financial misconduct. As a result, short-window losses are biased measures of the total share price impact, particularly for firms whose financial misrepresentation is revealed late in an enforcement wave.
Resilience Factors in the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality.

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether life satisfaction and optimism might reduce the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents with depressive symptoms. Methods Participants were 1,904 youth from the NEXT Generation Health Study, a national sample of U.S. adolescents, followed over 7 years from 2009/2010 to 2015/2016. Longitudinal latent profile analysis and logistic regressions were conducted. Results We identified three subgroups of adolescents with different patterns of depressive symptoms across the first six waves: “Low” (40%), “Mild” (42%), and “Moderate to Severe” (18%). The Moderate to Severe (OR = 14.47, 95% CI [6.61, 31.66]) and Mild (OR = 3.90, 95% CI [2.22, 6.86]) depression profiles had significantly higher odds of developing suicidality than the Low depression profile. Both life satisfaction and optimism moderated the association between depressive symptom profile and suicidality. The difference in suicidality risk between the Mild and Low depression profiles was significantly attenuated at high versus low levels of life satisfaction, with a difference of −.08, 95% CI [−.14, −.03]. In addition, the difference in suicidality risk between the Moderate to Severe and Low depression profiles was attenuated at high versus low levels of optimism, with a difference of −.11, 95% CI [−.21, −.01]. Conclusions For adolescents transitioning to young adulthood, resilience factors such as life satisfaction and optimism may buffer against suicidality risk in the face of mild or moderate to severe depressive symptoms.
4CPS-260 Analysis of drugs interactions between coronavirus (COVID-19) antiviral treatment and concomitant medication

Background and importance Drugs used for COVID-19 (lopinavir/ ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine) have a large number of interactions If any of these drugs are used, we should be cautious and monitor the clinical evolution of each patient closely The hospital pharmacist plays an important role in the revision of treatment to ensure its safety and efficacy Aim and objectives To analyse potential drug interactions of treatment for COVID-19 and to evaluate physician acceptance of pharmacist recommendations Material and methods This was a prospective interventional study from March to May 2020 We included all patients who started antiviral treatment for COVID-19 with a positive PCR test and hospital admission Data were collected from the electronic medical record (DIRAYA) and the prescription programme (PRISMA) The databases used for the detection of interactions were: Drugs com and COVID-19 drug interactions org (University of Liverpool) Collected data were age, sex, concomitant medication, interaction classified according to severity (major/moderate), mechanism of the interaction (MI) (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic), drugs that prolong QT interval and pharmaceutical recommendation (PR) Detection of an interaction was reported in the clinical course of the patient In the case of a serious interaction or clinical risk situation, the prescribing doctor was notified directly Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results Results 178 patients (56 2% men) were analysed, with a median age of 63 (range 22-90) years 267 interactions were detected (56 9% moderate/43 1% major) The MI involved was pharmacokinetic (63 9%)/pharmacodynamic (36 1%) 22 8% of the collected drugs could affect the QT interval Antiviral therapy used was lopinavir/ritonavir (96 6%) and hydroxychloroquine (94 9%) 72 5% of patients had at least one interaction The main therapeutic groups involved were: 15 7% selective calcium channel blockers, 11 2% topical nasal corticosteroids, 10 5% angiotensin II receptor blockers and 8 8% HMG-COA reductase inhibitors 185 PR were made The rate of acceptance was 70 8%: 35 2% change dose, 24 1% change treatment and 11 5% drug suspension Conclusion and relevance Pharmacist participation in the multidisciplinary COVID team was relevant for the detection of multiple interactions, helping doctors in decision making about drugs not commonly used in an overwhelmed healthcare situation
Improving wellbeing by integrating health and conservation: findings from cross-sectional surveys

Abstract Background Since 2011, Pathfinder International, The Nature Conservancy, and local government authorities in western Tanzania have partnered on the Tuungane project to support communities facing multiple challenges not solved by a single sector, including poor access to health services such as maternal health and family planning, as well as a declining natural resource base. Tuungane uses a population, health, and environment approach that hypothesises that by integrating health and conservation activities, it can achieve greater overall benefits to both people and nature than single-sector projects. We investigated whether integrating health and conservation services and information leads to greater understanding of the links between people's health and the environment, resulting in more behaviours that improve health and increase sustainable natural resource management. Methods Using data from cross-sectional surveys done at the household level in western Tanzania, we assessed health and natural resource knowledge, attitudes, and practices, comparing baseline data collected in July, 2011, from 487 households (of 7700 households) with midterm data collected 5 years later in August, 2016, from 1010 households (of 9568 households). Data from a smaller assessment done in December, 2020, will be available later. Findings Between the baseline survey and the midterm survey, we found improvements in indicators for health and conservation knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and overall wellbeing. For example, most common illnesses, such as typhoid, decreased. Familiarity with family planning increased from 45% to 59%. Women who wished they could have postponed a pregnancy decreased from 43% to 34%. Fishermen reported an increase from 8% to 33% in fish catch in the main target species compared with 5 years ago. In 2016, a majority of people agreed that the village forest should be protected (88%). The ability of people to meet daily needs increased from 6% to 20%. People used fewer loans to buy food and had more assets. Interpretation The results from the surveys suggest that not only the health and natural resource use of local people improved from 2011 to 2016, but also their overall wellbeing. Funding None.
Incidence of Accommodations for Patients With Significant Vision Limitations in Physicians' Offices in the US.

Importance Despite documented disparities in health care for patients with significant vision impairments and legal mandates that patients with disability receive equitable care, little is known about the extent to which physicians practicing in the US accommodate these patients in outpatient clinical settings. Objective To empirically explore the extent of basic accommodations physicians practicing in the US provide to patients with significant vision limitations in outpatient care. Design, Setting, and Participants In this physician survey study, randomly selected physicians were surveyed throughout the US on their attitudes toward patients with disability. A total of 1400 randomly selected active board-certified physicians representing 7 specialties (family medicine, general internal medicine, rheumatology, neurology, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, and obstetrics-gynecology) were surveyed. Data were collected from October 2019 to June 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Reported use of basic accommodations when caring for patients with significant vision limitations (defined here as blind or significant difficulty seeing even with glasses or other corrective lenses). Physicians’ accommodation performance was assessed based on whether they always or usually described the clinic space and always or usually provided printed material in large font. Use of Braille materials was reported too rarely to include in analyses. Results Of the 462 survey participants, 297 of 457 (65.0%) were male. The weighted response rate was 61.0%. Only 48 physicians (9.1%; 95% CI, 6.6-12.3) provided both accommodations (always or usually describing clinic spaces and providing large-font materials), while 267 (60.2%; 95% CI, 55.3-65.0) provided neither of these accommodations. Although 62.8% (95% CI, 57.5-67.8; n = 245) of nonophthalmologists did not provide either accommodation, 29.3% (95% CI, 20.1-40.7; n = 22) of ophthalmologists also did not do so; only 24.0% (95% CI, 15.6-35.0; n = 18) of ophthalmologists provided both accommodations compared with 8.4% (95% CI, 5.4-12.7) of other physicians. Conclusions and Relevance This survey study suggests that less than one-tenth of physicians practicing in the US who care for patients with significant vision limitations usually or always describe clinic spaces or provide large-font materials, and less than one-third of ophthalmologists do so. Actions to address this seem warranted.
Treatable metabolic and other epileptic encephalopathies of the neonate

Epileptic encephalopathies refer to a group of uncommon disorders usually presenting in the first days of life second- ary to a congenital inborn error of the metabolism. This group of disorders may involve a dysfunctional protein, an enzymatic deficiency or an excess of a byproduct; usually due to a faulty metabolic pathway. Several classifications have been coined in the past. In this article, we have reviewed the most common epileptic encephalopathies. Additionally, we are discussing a num- ber of recently described channelopathies presenting with seizures early in life.
Sequence Conservation in the C-terminal region of spider silk proteins (Spidroin) from Nephila clavipes (Tetragnathidae) and Araneus bicentenarius (Araneidae)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to amplify the portion of the Spidroin 1 gene that codes for the C-terminal part of the silk protein of the spider Nephila clavipes. Along with some substitution mutations of minor consequence, the PCR-derived sequence reveals an additional base missing from the previously published Nephila Spidroin 1 sequence. Comparison of the PCR-derived sequence with the equivalent region of Spidroin 2 indicates that the insertion of this single base results in greatly increased similarity in the resulting amino acid sequences of Spidroin 1 and Spidroin 2 (75% over 97 amino acids). The same PCR primers also amplified a fragment of the same length from Araneus bicentenarius. This sequence is also very similar to Spidroin 1 of Nephila (71% over 238 bases excluding the PCR primers, which translates into 76% over 79 amino acids).
Crystallization in glass-forming aqueous solutions during warming: umerical construction of non-isothermal DSC thermocurves during warming from isothermal data: Application to 42.5% w/w 1,2-propanediol/water

Abstract The Johnson-Avrami-Mehl model for isothermal crystallization in glasses has been applied for non-isothermal conditions. The general equation for the crystallization is deduced from this model and applied to the glass-forming 42.5% w w 1,2-propanediol/water solution. The general equation is a generalized integral equation which underlines the difficulties associated with information deduced directly from non-isothermal experiments. The presented constructions of the thermocurves show good agreement with the experimental results for the devitrification temperatures and for the amount of crystallization versus the warming rate.
More Stories of Jurisdiction-Stripping and Executive Power: Interpreting the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA)

The War on Terror cases have raised important issues regarding separation of powers, jurisdiction-stripping, and the limits of executive authority. Another recent series of cases involving these same themes has garnered much less media and scholarly attention: the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) exhaustion cases of 2006 and 2007, Woodford v. Ngo and Jones v. Bock. Woodford concluded that the PLRA exhaustion requirement incorporated a procedural default component, which bars courts from hearing an inmate's federal law claims if he or she fails to comply with all the technical requirements of a prison grievance system created and administered by the civil rights defendants. Jones confirms that the courts must enforce the rules of prison grievance systems in determining whether a prisoner has exhausted his or her claim. In this article, Shay and Kalb argue that Woodford and Jones exemplify jurisdiction-stripping by consent, in which courts relinquish jurisdiction over disfavored categories of cases by adopting facially neutral procedural rules. In these cases, the rules adopted make prison authorities the gate-keepers to courts, which fundamentally changes the nature of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a civil rights vehicle designed to permit federal courts to enforce federal rights in the face of abusive state power. The authors argue that the Supreme Court's recent decisions unreasonably restrict prisoners' access to courts, regardless of the merit of their claims - and create rigid rules which prevent courts from asserting authority in significant cases.
Quantifying impedance defined flow

A loop comprised of two dissimilar vessels yields one way steady flow in the absence of valves, termed impedance defined flow (IDF). This study performed systematic experiments on a physical model of two dissimilar vessels to quantify the impedance defined flow effect Results quantify how system geometry and tubing compression frequency vary flow, with maximum flows approaching 5% of the total system volume per second. IDF likely is an important perfusion mechanism in the cardiovascular system and may explain the working of the human fetal circulation prior to valve formation, and that of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.