cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of tertiary butylhydroperoxide and nicotinamide on human cortical neurons.

Abstract It is well known that the generation of oxygen radicals can cause neuronal death by both apoptosis and necrosis, which may lead to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. In previous in vivo studies, nicotinamide was found to prevent both DNA fragmentation and apoptosis that were induced by free radical generating toxins like tertiary butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). Nicotinamide is a precursor for NAD and is an inhibitor of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). However, the effect of nicotinamide on the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in neurons is not clear. In our study, the human cortical neuronal cell line HCN1-A has been used to determine the mechanism of action of nicotinamide at the cellular level. Cell viability studies showed that t-BuOOH treatment (both 100 μM and 1 mM) caused significant cell death at 24 and 48 h compared to control cells. Pretreatment with 1 mM nicotinamide before t-BuOOH administration caused significant reduction in cell death. Moreover, the morphology of HCN1-A cells that were treated with both nicotinamide and t-BuOOH appeared to be closer to control cells when compared to HCN1-A cells treated with only t-BuOOH. Also, t-BuOOH treatment caused an elevation in the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and p21/WAF-1 and a reduction in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 compared to their levels in control HCN1-A cells, while pretreatment with nicotinamide reduced p53 and p21/WAF-1 levels even in the presence of t-BuOOH. However nicotinamide did not seem to alter bcl-2 levels. These results indicate that nicotinamide treatment can protect human neuronal cells from the toxic effects of t-BuOOH.
Phlorizin binding to isolated enterocytes: membrane potential and sodium dependence.

Phlorizin binding is studied in isolated intestinal epithelial cells of the chick. Cells are ATP depleted to allow extensive manipulation of ionic gradients and membrane potential (Δψ). Phlorizin binding is assayed at steady state. Carrier specific phlorizin binding is defined asd-glucose (90 mM) inhibitable binding. Specific binding displays simple Michaelian kinetics as a function of phlorizin. indicating the presence of a single homogeneous binding site. Sodium concentrations and Δψ modify the apparent binding affinity but not the maximum number of binding sites. In contrast, the activation curve as a function of sodium concentrations is sigmoid and the apparent maximum number of binding sites at saturating sodium is phlorizin dependent. The rate of phlorizin association is both Δψ and sodium-concentration dependent. Dissociation is sodium-concentration dependent but not Δψ dependent. Theoretical analysis indicates binding order of substrates is random. In addition, data suggests that the phlorizin/sodium stoichiometry is 2:1. The Δψ dependence can be explained by two models: either translocation is the Δψ-dependent step and the free carrier is anionic, or sodium binding is the Δψ-dependent step.
Clinical features of urticaria pigmentosa.

A 1-year experience with adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa, including two patients with systemic mast cell disease, demonstrates the clinical and pathologic manifestations of the disease and leads to recommendations for patient evaluation.
Sideband cooling while preserving coherences in the nuclear spin state in group-II-like atoms.

We propose a method for laser cooling group-II-like atoms without changing the quantum state of their nuclear spins, thus preserving coherences that are usually destroyed by optical pumping in the cooling process. As group-II-like atoms have a $^{1}S_{0}$ closed-shell ground state, nuclear spin and electronic angular momentum are decoupled, allowing for their independent manipulation. The hyperfine interaction that couples these degrees of freedom in excited states can be suppressed through the application of external magnetic fields. Our protocol employs resolved-sideband cooling on the forbidden clock transition, $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{0}$, with quenching via coupling to the rapidly decaying $^{1}P_{1}$ state, deep in the Paschen-Back regime. This makes it possible to laser cool neutral atomic qubits without destroying the quantum information stored in their nuclear spins, as shown in two examples, $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$.
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS IN BIGHORN SHEEP

In January 1993 we simulated a conductive hearing loss in three Mexican bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) by placing bone wax or saline solution in their ear canals. Our objective was to test whether lesions of the external auditory canal caused by psoroptic mites (Psoroptes ovis) may lead to conductive hearing loss in bighorn sheep. We assessed the effects of these manipulations using the auditory brainstem response test. Placing saline solution in the external auditory canal, which loads the tympanic membrane, had a more dramatic effect on the auditory brainstem response than did bone wax. We propose that decreased hearing sensitivity or alterations in resonance characteristics of the external auditory canal, due to psoroptic scabies lesions, may make bighorn sheep more susceptible to predation.
A Comparison Between the Calculated and Experimental Effects of Enhanced Precursor Translational Kinetic Energy on SiC Growth on Si(100) and Si(L11) from Hexamethyldisilane

Silicon Carbide thin films were grown on Si(100) and (111) substrates at 1050EC using a pulsed supersonic beam of hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) in hydrogen. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that these films contain only the 3C cubic polytype, determined mainly by the SiC(111) diffraction peak at 22 = 35.6E, the SiC(200) peak at 22 = 41.4E and the SiC(220) peak at 22 = 60.OE. The angle of incidence of the HMDS/hydrogen beam could be varied through an angle of 0 to 90E without displacing the specimen from the focal point of the beam. On the Si(100) surface, the film growth texture was monitored by measuring the ratio of the SiC(111) to (200) diffraction peak intensity for beam incidence angles of 0, 30, 45 and 60E. On Si(111). The SiC(111)/(220) ratio was monitored. An 8-fold increase in the incident translational kinetic energy of the precursor molecules can be achieved at the highest glancing angle. In general, the effects of enhanced translational kinetic energy on SiC film growth were insignificant, in agreement with calculations of the sticking probability for SiC homoepitaxial growth with seeded beams on SiC [1]. Further examination of the films with SEM and AFM revealed the growth of epitaxial islands at low coverages, and the process of island coalescence.
Biochemical changes during pollen germination measured in vivo by infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Biochemical changes during the germination of pine ( Pinus ponderosa Laws.), and spruce ( Picea pungens Engelm.) pollen grains were measured in vivo using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples of dry, hydrated, and germinating pollen were analysed using cylindrical internal reflectance. Spectra were recorded at regular intervals up to the time of tube emergence. Germination was evaluated microscopically. The spectra revealed differences in exine structure/thickness and a significant difference in phytate content in pine and spruce pollen. Changes observed during germination included increased respiratory activity, changes in membrane lipid phase and amount, changes in protein amount and secondary structure, and changes reflecting the utilization of phytate and formation of cell walls. Infrared spectroscopy, in a short time and using a limited amount of sample, can provide biochemical insight to the process of pollen germination and has potential for the development of a more detailed analysis of pollen viability and vigor.
“Voice” and “voicelessness” in rhetorical studies

This essay begins with the observation that the term “voice” is frequently used in rhetorical studies literature. Interestingly, rhetorical “voice” means different things to different scholars. This essay seeks to accomplish two tasks related to “voice.” First, it clarifies the conceptual confusion regarding “voice” found in the literature by relating it to a tension between “speaking” and “language.” Second, to avoid this tension, this essay presents a case study in which a notion of “voice” is posited that is constitutive of the public acknowledgment of the ethical and emotional dimensions of public discourse.
INTEGRATING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING

Fundraising has long been a central activity in four‐year institutions, whereas community colleges have only recently begun to see the necessity for such efforts. Resource development and private fundraising as a community college function have only been marginally understood and often are only instigated in times of financial crises. In today's educational arena, development needs to become a long‐term core function in order to maximize the funding base of community colleges. This article gives a brief look at the historical background of fundraising in community colleges, contrasts such efforts with the four‐year institutions, and discusses the matter of integrating resource development with institutional planning processes. Several examples of successful community college development efforts are given, along with a discussion of several planning models that might be used as guides for integrating resource development efforts with institutional planning.
Implications for in vitro studies of the autoxidation of ferrous ion and the iron-catalyzed autoxidation of dithiothreitol

Abstract The influences of buffers and iron chelators on the rate of autoxidation of Fe 2+ were examined in the pH range 6.0–7.4. The catalysis by Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ of the autoxidation of dithiothreitol was also investigated. In buffers which are non- or poor chelators of iron, 0.25 mM Fe 2+ , and 0.3 mM dithiothreitol when present with iron, oxidize within minutes at pH 7.4 and 30°C. The stability of each increases as the pH is decreased and more than 90% of each remains after 1 h at pH 6.0. In the presence of buffers or oxy-ligands which preferentially and strongly chelate Fe 3+ over Fe 2+ , Fe 2+ autoxidizes rapidly in the pH range 6.0–7.4 while dithiothreitol is protected. Ligands which preferentially bind strongly to Fe 2+ stabilize both Fe 2+ and dithiothreitol at pH 7.4. Dithiothreitol readily reduces Fe 3+ in non-chelating buffers or in the presence of strong chelators of Fe 2+ , however, the ferrous ions produced are prone to reoxidation at higher pH values. These results show that Fe 2+ and dithiothreitol are very susceptible to autoxidation in the neutral pH range, and that the rates are strongly influenced by the presence of chelators of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . The rapid autoxidations of these species need to be taken into account when designing and interpreting experiments involving Fe 2+ or both dithiothreitol and iron.
The distribution and significance of varicosities in the saphenous trunks

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, distribution, and extent of varicosities and focal dilatations in the saphenous trunks, their association with the sites of reflux, and their correlation with CEAP classes. Methods This prospective study included patients belonging to different CEAP classes (2-6) and a control group of age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (group C). Color-flow duplex scan imaging was used to evaluate the entire venous system from groin to ankle for reflux and obstruction. Varicose segments and focal dilatations of the great and small saphenous veins (GSV and SSV) were recorded, and the diameters throughout the length of the saphenous trunks were measured. The presence of varicosities in the tributaries and accessory veins were documented. Results From the 739 consecutive patients, 239 were excluded due to superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), both SVT and DVT, previous interventions, or C3-C6 presentation with no chronic venous disease (CVD). The included 500 patients (681 limbs) were divided into two groups based on CEAP class: group A (C2 + C3) and group B (C4-6). Group A had significantly more women than group B and a younger mean age (48 vs 56 years). Overall, GSV reflux (86%) was more prevalent than SSV reflux (17%), P Conclusion A novel definition for varicosities in the saphenous trunks was established. Using this definition, it was determined that focal dilatations are far more common than varicosities. Because both of these entities are more prevalent in the accessory saphenous veins and tributaries, and CEAP class correlates positively with the extent of reflux and saphenous trunk diameter, studies on earlier interventions are warranted to prevent CVD progression.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fractures of the Facial Bones in Children 1943-1993

It is clear that the foundations for diagnosis and the basic principles of management have changed little since 1943 and probably since the work of Kazanjian in World War I. Major advances have occurred, with modern techniques of airway management (particularly fiberoptic laryngoscopy), anesthesia, and an understanding of fluid and electrolyte balance and behavioral issues in children. In addition, the advent of antibiotics; new imaging techniques (particularly CT), and availability of new instrumentation and rigid internal fixation have all revolutionized the specific treatment of pediatric facial fractures. Craniofacial techniques, pioneered by Dr Paul Tessler, have significantly altered and improved treatment of pediatric midface fractures. Progress in the biology of bone healing will surely mark the next 50 years.
Modeling of continuous random networks: a case study for vitreous GeO2. I. Model generation

Abstract Here a molecular modeling program called TUMBLEWEED which generates and analyzes spherical models (clusters) for covalent amorphous solids of the continuous random network (CRN) type is introduced. The algorithm sequentially adds atoms to a core in accordance with topological and geometrical constraints. These constraints comprise the type and number of atomic neighbors, intervals for bond lengths and angles, and minimum distances for non-bonded atoms. The program includes a new mechanism to control the model density via selection from a pool of models, and a procedure to avoid infinite loops if atoms are repeatedly added to and removed from the model surface. The method is demonstrated for glassy GeO 2 , for which CRN models are presented for the first time. Various distributions are derived from the models to assess their quality. It is found that the models are homogeneous and have a density of (3.60±0.03) g/cm 3 [experimental data: (3.65±0.01) g/cm 3 ]. The bond angle distributions are similar to those derived from synchrotron experiments. Neutron scattering data are simulated for the model structures and compared to experimental data. The normalized root mean square deviation, R χ , between the simulated and the measured total correlation functions was found to be as small as 0.027±0.003 over the interval 0–1 nm indicating that CRN models are well suited to describe the structure of vitreous germania.
From college to the pros: predicting the NBA amateur player draft.

The reverse-order amateur draft is an institution common to each of the major North American professional team sports. The draft is designed to give the weaker teams access to the future stars of the sport. The focus of our inquiry is how information on amateur player performance is employed by decision-makers in one sport, the National Basketball Association. Our analysis will suggest that future NBA players who score in college will see their draft position improved. This focus, though, appears to impair the ability of poor teams to improve.
The effects on the plankton community of filter-feeding Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus

A series of mesocosm experiments was performed to assess the effects on the plankton community of filter-feeding Sacramento blackfish (Cyprinidae; Orthodon microlepidotus). Phytoplankton size-frequency distribution, zooplankton abundance, primary production, potential secondary production, and nutrient concentrations were measured. Blackfish reduce numbers of both evasive and nonevasive zooplankton and large phytoplankton while enhancing nanoplankton densities. Blackfish also significantly increase primary production and potential secondary community production. Levels of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen also increase. The effects of blackfish are generally similar to those reported for other filter-feeding fish.
Adaptive scheduling in a mobile ad-hoc grid for time-sensitive computing

The maturity of Grid Computing and the exponential growth in the popularity of mobile and wireless technologies opened the door to new horizons of computing models based on mobile grid infrastructure. This growing demand has led to the need to study and explore new techniques and approaches to adapt the grid computation concepts into the challenging, ad-hoc mobile environment. Mobile grid scheduling has been the center of attention in this research focus. The different scheduling efforts developed so far overcame the mobility challenges by enforcing a direct point-to-point (P2P) communication between the task initiator and the service provider. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic, adaptive scheduler that relies on the prediction of patterns that do not require the P2P connectivity. The proposed approach can achieve similar and in certain situations better results than traditional P2P scheduling approaches. We are proposing a real-time scheduling approach for mobile ad-hoc grid environments that can provide flexibility in dealing with different types of real-time application tasks. The proposed scheduler utilizes two optimization heuristics to address this problem. The first one applies a modified version of the maximum flow problem while the second approach utilizes a multi-dimensional minimum cost function. Both approaches combine real-time scheduling characteristics while accommodating the mobility and battery dependency challenges. This dynamic scheduler provides different parameters that can be modified to control the scheduler QoS, reliability and ability to adapt to mobility and power dependency.
A qualitative approach to enzyme inhibition

Most general biochemistry textbooks present enzyme inhibition by showing how the basic Michaelis-Menten parameters K(m) and V(max) are affected mathematically by a particular type of inhibitor. This approach, while mathematically rigorous, does not lend itself to understanding how inhibition patterns are used to determine the kinetic aspects of an enzyme. The discussion here describes a qualitative approach to teaching enzyme inhibition that allows for a physical or mechanistic understanding. This qualitative approach to enzyme inhibition starts by recognizing that the two fundamental kinetic parameters of an enzyme catalyzed reaction are V(max) and V(max) /K(m) , which correspond to the apparent rates of reaction at very high and very low concentrations of substrate, respectively. It just so happens that the reciprocals of V(max) and V(max) /K(m) correspond to the y-intercept and slope of the Lineweaver-Burk plot, respectively. Thus, an inhibitor that affects the y-intercept binds to the enzyme at very high substrate concentrations, and thus binds to the enzyme-substrate complex, while an inhibitor that affects the slope binds to the enzyme at very low substrate concentrations, and thus binds only to free enzyme. These simple precepts can be used to interpret the basic inhibition patterns, competitive, uncompetitive and noncompetitive, and more importantly, derive mechanistic information, especially in multisubstrate reactions. The application of these principles is illustrated by using an example from cancer chemotherapy, the inhibition of thymidylate synthase by 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.
Studies in Type I glycogenosis of the liver

Using a constant infusion of 14 C lactate, we have investigated the mechanism responsible for the increased concentration of lactate in four patients with Type I glycogenosis of the liver. The patients exhibited significantly increased rates of formation and disposal of lactate as well as increased incorporation of lactate into glucose. The results are interpreted as compatible with a dynamic pool of lactate generated by a recycling process between glycogen and lactate.
Synthesis of the core bicyclic system of hyperforin and nemorosone

A direct synthesis of analogs of hyperforin and nemorosone containing the key bicyclic unit was accomplished from 2-carboxyethylcyclohexanone and benzoylcyclohexanone. Key steps included a manganic acetate-mediated cyclization and the formation of the beta-bromo enone.
Home Literacy Environments and Young Hispanic Children's English and Spanish Oral Language: A Communality Analysis

The authors examine dimensions of the home literacy environment relative to oral language outcomes for high-risk Hispanic children. They also illustrate the use of commonality analysis for understanding the contribution of home literacy to oral language outcomes. Forty-eight children and their families participated in the study. Commonality analysis was used to determine what percentage of the explained variance in both English and Spanish oral language was associated with variance uniquely and commonly accounted for by five subscales of the Familia Inventory, a questionnaire that examines home literacy environments. Library Use accounted for the greatest amount of unique variance in English oral language proficiency, and Extended Family accounted for the greatest amount of unique variance in Spanish oral language proficiency. Significant positive relationships were also noted between several of the Familia Inventory subscales. A discussion on the use of commonality analysis is followed by limitations and...
On the characterization of the nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy

It is proved that the conserved polynomials of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation have a vanishing residue property analogous to those now known to characterize the Korteweg-de Vries, Modified Korteweg-de Vries and Sine-Gordon hierarchies.
Characterization of Chihuahuan desert vegetation phenology using high temporal resolution satellite imagery

Abstract In the mid‐1800s, desert grasslands dominated much of the northern Chihuahuan Desert of the southwestern USA. Since that time, extensive degradation of those grasslands has occurred largely as a result of periodic drought and overgrazing. The present landscape in this region is characterized by scattered patches of the once extensive grasslands, separated by large areas of desert shrubland. Our research provides an evaluation the utility of high‐temporal resolution satellite imagery to characterize degradation processes in Chihuahuan desert vegetation. We calculated the normalized difference vegetation index at intervals throughout the growing season and combined the images into a single‐multitemporal file. Classification of the image was based on temporal dynamics of vegetation. Results were graphed for areas classified as grass and shrubland, and compared with ground data on cover, composition measures, and estimated level of degradation. Phenology of vegetation based upon satellite‐derived NDV...
A Uniaxial Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation for Ice

Utilisation des concepts de la viscoelasticite non lineaire pour modeliser la deformation et la rupture de la glace sollicitee en compression. Comparaison des calculs theoriques et des resultats experimentaux des essais realises a contrainte constante ou a vitesse de deformation constante
Patterns and performance of multinational and domestic food wholesale firms

This is a study of comparative efficiencies of domestic Puerto Rican firms and subsidiaries of multinational corporations, all food wholesalers, operating under similar environmental dimensions during a period of distinct opportunity for total market expansion and an unexpected threat to market shares. Using a linear model, the relationship between value added and operating expenses demonstrates that foreign subsidiaries were distinctly superior in resource management initially but that by the last year of the study local management showed greater improvement in lowering operating expenses and a tendency to imitate the models of technological and managerial efficiencies of the foreign firms.
Gender Differences in the Preparation and Promotion of Community College Administrators

This study addresses the career advancement of community college administrators, with particular attention to the relationships between gender, human capital, and promotion. The findings indicate that both women and men administrators made similar investments in human capital and were equally likely to be promoted during a two-year period. Institutional and individual implications of the findings are discussed.
Improved outcomes with peritoneal dialysis catheter placement after cardiopulmonary bypass in infants

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass and is associated with poor outcomes. Peritoneal dialysis improves outcomes in adults with AKI after bypass, but pediatric data are limited. This retrospective case-matched study was conducted to determine if the practice of peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement during congenital heart surgery is associated with improved clinical outcomes in infants at high risk for AKI. Methods Forty-two infants undergoing congenital heart surgery with planned PDC placement (PDC+) were age-matched to infants undergoing similar surgery without PDC placement (PDC−). Demographic, baseline and outcome data were compared. Our primary outcome was negative fluid balance on postoperative days 1 to 3. Secondary outcomes included time to negative fluid balance, time to extubation, frequency of electrolyte corrective medications, inotrope scores, and other clinical outcomes. Results Baseline data did not differ between groups. The PDC+ group had a higher percentage of negative fluid balance on postoperative days 1 and 2 (57% vs 33%, P = .04; 85% vs 61%, P = .01). The PDC+ group had shorter time to negative fluid balance (16 vs 32 hours, P P = .02), improved inotrope scores ( P = .04), and fewer electrolyte imbalances requiring correction ( P = .03). PDC-related complications were rare. Conclusions PDC use is safe and associated with earlier negative fluid balance and improved clinical outcomes in infants at high risk for AKI. Routine PDC use should be considered for infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Further prospective studies are essential to prove causative effects of PDC placement in this population.
Family Support and Education

Family involvement is essential to the developmental outcome of infants born into Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In this article, evidence has been presented on the parent's perspective of having an infant in the NICU and the context of family. Key points to an educational assessment are also reviewed. Throughout, the parent's concerns and the educational needs of the family are shared, and strategies are given to help therapists enhance their teaching skills and ways to partner with parents. This article also introduces the NICU Discharge Path for parents "Preparing for Your Baby to Come Home". The Path educates parents on the steps towards home and encourages their participation in the process.
The effect of complement depletion on immunologically mediated middle ear effusion and inflammation

Abstract Immunologic injury during immune response to antigen in the middle ear cavity has been suggested to be a contributing factor in otitis media with effusion (OME). One of the mechanisms proposed involves the generation of immune complexes, with subsequent injury mediated by complement fixation. To evaluate the potential role of complement in OME, an animal model of immune-mediated middle ear effusion and inflammation was used. Antigenic challenge of the middle ear of normal, sensitized guinea pigs results in OME. This response was compared with that observed in guinea pigs whose sera were decomplemented by treatment with cobra venom factor. As compared to controls, decomplemented animals exhibited less effusion [130 (±35) vs 83 (±60) μl. P
A Systolic Array For Efficient Execution Of The Faddeev Algorithm

The Systolic Processor with a Reconfigurable Interconnection Network of Transputers (SPRINT) is a sixty-four-element multiprocessor developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to evaluate systolic algorithms and architectures experimentally. The processors are interconnected in a reconfigurable network which can emulate networks such as the two-dimensional mesh, the triangular mesh, the trapezoidal mesh, the tree, and the shuffle-exchange network. The SPRINT's computation capability surpasses its communication capability. Techniques have been developed to perform the Faddeev Algorithm utilizing most of its computing capability by operating on block matrices. These techniques reduce communication bandwidth requirements for a given computation rate and increase efficiency to close to 100%. The Faddeev algorithm calculates the quantity CX+D, where X is the solution to AX=B and where A, B, C and D are given. All quantities are square matrices. Several linear algebra operations such as the matrix-matrix product and matrix inversion can be calculated by loading appropriate values for A, B, C, and D. The Faddeev algorithm is executed on the SPRINT to compare theory with experiment.
Social Network Status and Depression among Adolescents: An Examination of Social Network Influences and Depressive Symptoms in a Chinese Sample

Despite the well established influence of peer experiences on adolescent attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors, surprisingly little research has examined the importance of peer context and the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms accompanying the transition into adolescence. Examination of social networks may provide some insight into the role of peers in the vulnerability of some adolescents to depression. To address this issue, we leveraged an existing sample of 5,563 Chinese 10(th) graders to incorporate social network data into a multilevel regression model of depressive symptoms. We found that, in this sample, being nominated as a friend was more important than being nominated as most liked. Social network centrality was significantly associated with depression; those adolescents who were less connected were more likely to suffer from depression. The risk of depression for those who were marginal members of classroom social networks was substantial. These findings suggest that a social network perspective could help to increase the effectiveness of programs aimed at preventing adolescent depression.
Immediate Effects of On-The-Job Training and Its Intensity Team Defensive Production During NBA Homestands and Roadtrips

National Basketball Association home teams produce more defense and more wins the more consecutive games they play at home, suggesting home games serve as on-the-job training for future games durin...
Foreign exchange risk premia volatility once again

Abstract In a recent paper in this Journal , we analyze the ‘puzzle’ of excess volatility of risk premia in the foreign exchange market. One of our conclusions was that, allowing for the observed time variation of conditional variances, the static Mean-Variance model can predict movements in risk premia of the same order of magnitude as in the empirical data. Unfortunately, the derivation in our paper contains an error which falsifies our claim. This note presents a brief correction of our previous computations, and an assessment of the corrected results.
Flowshop sequencing with mean flowtime objective

This paper introduces a near-optimal heuristic based on sorting methods to minimize the total or mean flowtime (completion time) for the n-job, M-machine flowshop. The mean flowtime criterion is important, because many important cost measures, such as finished goods turn-over, depend on flowtime. A simulation study is conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic by comparing it with those of Rajendran and Rajendran and Chaudhuri. The simulation results show that the proposed heuristic performs better than the two existing heuristics, especially when the number of jobs is large (⩾20). Further, the results show that the proposed heuristic averages to 0.16% above the optimum for 2000 small test problems, ranging from five to nine jobs and from three to ten machines.
The central role of antigen presentation in islets of Langerhans in autoimmune diabetes

The islets of Langerhans normally contain resident antigen presenting cells (APCs), which in normal conditions are mostly represented by macrophages, with a few dendritic cells (DC). We present here the features of these islet APCs, making the point that they have a supportive function in islet homeostasis. Islet APCs express high levels of major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) molecules on their surfaces and are highly active in antigen presentation in the autoimmune diabetes of the NOD mouse: they do this by presenting peptides derived from molecules of the β-cells. These APCs also are instrumental in the localization of diabetogenic T cells into islets. The islet APC present exogenous peptides derived from secretory granules of the β-cell, giving rise to unique peptide-MHC complexes (pMHC) that activate those non-conventional T cells that bypass thymus selection.
Supply and marginal firms in general equilibrium

Abstract For economies with a large number of small firms, price induced changes in supply are decomposed into substitution and entry effects. Marginal firms (those earning zero profit) play a significant role in the determination of the slope of aggregate supply.
MeV ION DAMAGE IN GaAs SINGLE CRYSTALS: STRAIN SATURATION AND ROLE OF NUCLEAR AND ELECTRONIC COLLISIONS IN DEFECT PRODUCTION*

We have reported previously that the perpendicular strain produced in the surface layer (several μm thick) of GaAs(100) crystals under MeV ion irradiation saturates at ∼0.4% regardless of the doping of the specimen, and that the parallel strain is zero within the experimental error. In this paper, the perpendicular strain in GaAs(111) and GaAs(110) crystals is reported to saturate at ∼0.3%. The ionization-induced spontaneous defect recovery is discussed in terms of the activation-energy lowering of the higher-charge-state interstitials. We suggest that inner-shell vacancies which decay by an Auger process may induce most effective self-annealing of defects created by nuclear collisions. We present an ion-lattice single-collision model which describes the production and saturation of the primary defects (interstitial, vacancy, and antisite defect) in GaAs under MeV ion or MeV electron irradiation. The model also shows that at low beam dose the concentration of interstitials and vacancies increases linearly with the product of stopping power and beam dose and is independent of the electronic stopping power. The antisite defect concentration increases initially as the square of the nuclear stopping power times the beam dose, and depends upon the electronic stopping power. The strain measured as a function of beam dose and stopping powers suggests that the strain in the room-temperature irradiated GaAs is controlled by the antisite defects.
Extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumors without apparent testicular involvement A search for the source

Extratesticular germ cell neoplasms without apparent testicular primary tumors are rare. The origin of these neoplasms has been debated in the literature for decades. With the advent of effective chemotherapy for extratesticular germ cell neoplasms, the origin of these tumors becomes more than academic. We report on 3 cases of retroperitoneal germ cell neoplasms with microscopic intratesticular primary tumors. All patients with extragonadal germinal cell tumors of the testes should undergo thorough investigation for an occult testicular primary tumor despite a normal testis examination. We review previously reported cases of extratesticular germ cell neoplasms without an apparent testicular primary tumor.
REAL-ANALYTIC ACTIONS OF LATTICES

This paper introduces a new approach to the study of lattice actions on compact manifolds. The group SL n;Z acts by real-analytic dieomorphisms on the sphere Sny1 via the action on the space of in®nite rays based at 0 2 R. We believe this action is minimal in the following sense. Conjecture I: Any smooth action of a ®nite-index subgroup of SL n;Z, n > 2, on a compact r-manifold factors through a ®nite group action if r < ny 1.
Observation of coherent multiphoton processes in nuclear states

We have used states of nuclear excitation to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well-known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radio-frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the 14.4-keV Mossbauer transition of 57Fe is described. A distinctive feature of this experiment was that the absorbing foil was rigidly bound in a graphite sandwich intended to eliminate detrimental vibrations. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentially confirms the multiphoton nature of the sidebands observed in this experiment.
Kinetic study of a cellobiase purified from Neocallimastix frontalis EB188.

A cellobiase was purified from the culture supernatant of Neocallimastix frontalis EB188. This enzyme possessed a molecular weight of 85,000 and an isoelectric point of 6.95. The enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed cellobiose, p-nitrophenyl (pNP) beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and cellotriose and slowly hydrolyzed cellopentaose and salicin. The enzyme did not hydrolyze pNP alpha-D-glucopyranoside or pNP beta-D-cellobioside. Substrate inhibition was observed when cellobiose or pNPG were used as the substrates and glucose production was measured. The kinetic parameters were: K = 0.053 mM, V = 5.88 U/mg of protein and Ki = 0.95 mM for cellobiose; K = 0.36 mM, V = 1.05 U/mg and Ki = 8.86 mM for pNPG. Substrate inhibition was not detected during the hydrolysis of pNPG when pNP production was measured. The kinetic parameters for pNPG were: K = 0.67 mM and V = 1.49 U/mg of protein. The presence of an enzyme.glucose.substrate complex and transglucosylation was evident during the catalysis. Glucose, cellobiose, glucono-delta-lactone, galactose, lactose, maltose and salicin acted as competitive inhibitors during the hydrolysis of pNPG with the apparent inhibition constants (Kis) of 4.8 mM, 0.035 mM, 0.062 mM, 28.5 mM, 0.38 mM, 15.0 mm and 31.0 mM, respectively.
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with period hc/4e and negative magnetoresistance in dirty superconductors.

We show that in a disordered superconductor near the superconductor-to-insulator transition the local superfluid density {ital N}{sub {ital s}} fluctuates from point to point in sign as well as magnitude. We demonstrate this explicitly with a simple model in which correlation effects produce a negative Josephson coupling between two superconducting grains. We argue more generally that correlation effects and resistance fluctuations produce random signs of {ital N}{sub {ital s}}. This implies that the superconductor-to-insulator transition may not be in the same universality class as the Bose-superfluid--to--insulator transition. It also results in a {ital hc}/4{ital e} period of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations and a negative magnetoresistance; both occur for {ital T}{gt}{ital T}{sub {ital c}} in superconducting samples and at low temperatures in insulating samples.
Age-related changes in detection of spatial novelty.

Abstract Age-related changes in novelty detection for object–place associations was assessed in 6-mo and 25-mo-old Fisher 344/Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats. Old rats showed significant deficits compared to young rats in detecting spatial displacement of objects. The data suggest that object–place novelty detection is impaired in aged F344/BN rats using a rapidly acquired, exploratory-based task. The results may have important implications for the selection of efficient memory paradigms for future aging studies.
A dynamic factor model for multivariate water quality time series with trends

Abstract A general dynamic factor model for multivariate nonstationary processes which simultaneously takes into account the time-lagged correlations and the linear trends of time series is developed. The distinct advantages of this model are the reduction of high dimensionality of original variables, the facilitation of direct estimation of the linear trends, and its capability for forecasting. Application of the model to water quality data for six constituents collected at a station on the Arkansas River shows that the estimated values of linear trends are close to those estimated by using the nonparametric seasonal Kendall method. Both model fitting error and forecast error variances are relatively small.
Relaxation of spin-12 nuclei of heavy atoms in electrolyte solutions

Abstract Nuclear relaxation of spin - 1 2 nuclei of heavy atoms in electrolyte solutions may occur via transient anisotropic chemical shielding interactions and transient spin-rotational interactions. Theoretical expressions are derived for the nuclear transverse and longitudinal relaxation times T2 and T1, respectively, using a dynamical model in which the electronic distribution surrounding the monatomic ion containing the spin - 1 2 nucleus fluctuates from spherical symmetry due to ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions.
PLASMA: a PLAnetary scale monitoring architecture

While sensor networks continue to attract significant interest in various research communities, high impact applications still have a long list of challenges to be addressed. An individual sensor system can provide important observations within a local area. However, local observations alone are not sufficient for some applications that require planetary scale coverage. Monitoring volcanic activity, nuclear disasters, magnetic field changes, migration patterns of species, pandemic disease spread patterns are some examples to such applications. These applications require a close interaction between different sensor networks with in-situ and remotely sensed observations. In this paper we describe our PLASMA (PLAnetary Scale Monitoring Architecture) project to motivate the challenges that need to be addressed at such scale. These include approximations in spatiotemporal attributes due to resource constraints and also multi-attribute visualization to enable a real-time user interface to the system.
A new explicit finite free resolution of ideals generated by monomials in an R-sequence

Abstract This paper gives a new explicit finite free resolution for ideals generated by monomials in an R -sequence (where R is a local commutative ring), which is more efficient than the standard Taylor resolution.
Acyl Metal Functions

This review covers the advances in the formation of acyl metal compounds from 1995 to 2003. Acyl metal complexes from main group metals have experienced modest advances, with acylstannanes being the most developed. No notable examples of acyllanthanides have been discussed, and only one actinide, thorium, has been reviewed briefly. Transition metal acyl compounds have experienced remarkable development. A large range of transition metals has been studied, ranging from titanium to gold. Numerous compounds having a host of ligands, in a variety of oxidation states, and as neutral, cationic, and anionic complexes have been isolated and characterized. The major methods for generating the η1-acyl compounds are the insertion of CO into a metalcarbon bond, or the insertion of a metal into anhydrides or acyl chlorides. Acyl complexes of Pd, Fe, Rh, and Pt account for nearly 60% of the work in this field. These metals have shown a tremendous ability to form stable acyl complexes, and these complexes have shown great utility in organic synthesis. The order of notoriety is Pd >>> Fe > Rh > Pt. Other transition metals such as Ti, Zr, Mn, and Re have had less development, but are discussed in detail. Examples of several other acyl transition metal complexes are noted.
The elucidation of micellar and microemulsion architecture using small-angle neutron scattering

Abstract Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on micellar and microemulsion systems studied by the author are reviewed. For such systems, the particles a
Defects in plasma-deposited a-Si: H

The relationships between hydrogen vibrational spectra, electron spin densities and refractive index are investigated for a range of plasma-deposited amorphous silicon-hydrogen alloys. Results are also presented on the morphology of thick films as shown by scanning electron microscopy. A model is proposed for the structural origin of defects in these alloys based on voids that grow perpendicular to the film surface and are associated with coupled SiH2 units.
RELAP5-3D modeling of PWR steam generator condensation experiments at the Oregon State University APEX facility

Abstract This report describes modeling using RELAP5-3D of a series of six steam generator U-tube steam condensation (without non-condensable gas) tests conducted at the Oregon State University Advanced Plant Experiment Test Facility from 2005 through 2007. These tests were designed to evaluate steam condensation rates in a scaled pressurized water reactor steam generator at various primary and secondary side pressures and inlet steam mass flow rates. Comparisons between the experimental data and the RELAP5-3D model results are made to quantify the effectiveness of RELAP5-3D in handling steam condensation in U-tube steam generators. RELAP5-3D tends to over predict the condensation rate and heat transfer coefficient when compared against the experimental data when the code uses the laminar Nusselt correlation to determine the heat transfer coefficient. When RELAP5-3D results are used with the Shah correlation the comparison between the heat transfer coefficients is much improved.
Predicted class-I aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-like proteins in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis.

Background Recent studies point to a great diversity of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis systems with major roles in amino acid and co-factor biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and post-translational modifications of proteins by peptide tags. The least studied of these systems are those utilizing tRNAs or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAtRS) in non-ribosomal peptide ligation.