cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A glimpse into academic and research libraries in North Korea: Collaboration to bridge societies

While many library researchers and practitioners, especially those who are interested in international collaboration, have sought to find ways to engage with the North Korean library system, it has not been fruitful due to the dearth of information as well as political restrictions. The recent detente in the Korean peninsula raises hope that we may now have unprecedented opportunities to learn and understand the country since the Korean War ended in 1953. Obtaining any information on North Korea is still difficult. We need to depend on the information released by the North Korean government and personal records of visitors in various forms. Confirming and validating any research results on the country remains extremely challenging, and this leads to the lack of meaningful scholarly discussion and literature on libraries in North Korea.
Classroom racial/ethnic diversity and upper elementary children’s social-emotional development

Research has shown that racial/ethnic diversity in elementary schools and classrooms benefits children’s academic achievement and feelings of safety and belonging. The current study aimed to expand...
Association analysis of immune response loci related to Haemonchus contortus exposure in sheep and goats using a targeted approach

Abstract Haemonchus contortus infections are an important source of animal production loss to livestock industry. Genetics of helminth resistance involves a complex set of factors related to the host immune response. The increasing use of genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome wide association studies (GWAS) offers the potential to identify loci or regions associated with nematode resistance in small ruminants. The aims of this study were: (1) to use a targeted sequencing approach to identify SNPs in 100 genes related to immune response during Haemonchus contortus exposure in growing males of St. Croix, Katahdin and Dorper sheep, and in Kiko, Boer and Spanish goats, and (2) to perform an association analysis for fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG and IgM) and average daily gain (ADG) in the populations under study. After quality control (call rate
Modeling Pointing Tasks in Human-Blimp Interactions

We investigate interaction between human and a miniature autonomous blimp, by letting the human control position of the blimp through pointing motion. The blimp is controlled by a position feedback controller, with the reference position set to the position of pointer. We observe that the blimp can follow the pointing motion, and reach certain target position. Since the human intention represented by the desired target position for the blimp is not measurable during the process, the Vector Integration to Endpoint (VITE) model is applied to model the dynamics of human pointing motion and to identify the hidden human intention. Stability analysis shows that the closed-loop human-blimp dynamics are exponentially stable. Experimental data verifies that the VITE model is applicable to model human blimp interaction in 3D space, and the human intention can be identified from trajectories of the blimp and pointer movements.
Shear-driven flow of athermal, frictionless, spherocylinder suspensions in two dimensions: Spatial structure and correlations.

We use numerical simulations to study the flow of athermal, frictionless, soft-core two-dimensional spherocylinders driven by a uniform steady-state simple shear applied at a fixed volume and a fixed finite strain rate γ[over ]. Energy dissipation is via a viscous drag with respect to a uniformly sheared host fluid, giving a simple model for flow in a non-Brownian suspension with Newtonian rheology. We study the resulting spatial structure of the sheared system, and compute correlation functions of the velocity, the particle density, the nematic order parameter, and the particle angular velocity. Correlations of density, nematic order, and angular velocity are shown to be short ranged both below and above jamming. We compare a system of size-bidisperse particles with a system of size-monodisperse particles, and argue how differences in spatial order as the packing increases lead to differences in the global nematic order parameter. We consider the effect of shearing on initially well ordered configurations, and show that in many cases the shearing acts to destroy the order, leading to the same steady-state ensemble as found when starting from random initial configurations.
Comprehensive Comparative Genomics Reveals Over 50 Phyla of Free-living and Pathogenic Bacteria are Associated with Diverse Members of the Amoebozoa

The association of bacteria with microbial eukaryotes has been extensively studied. Among these the supergroup Amoebozoa containing predominantly amoeboid unicellular protists has been shown to play an important ecological role in controlling environmental bacteria. Amoebozoans not only graze bacteria but also serve as a safe niche for bacterial replication and harbor endosymbiotic bacteria including dangerous human pathogens. Despite their importance, only a few lineages of Amoebozoa have been studied in this regard. Amoebozoa encompasses lineages of extreme diversity in ecology, morphology and evolutionary history. The limited amoebozoans studied are not representative of the high diversity known in the supergroup, and could undermine our understanding of their role as key players in environmental ecosystems and as emerging public health threats. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic study with expansive taxon sampling by including representatives from the three known clades of the Amoebozoa. We used culture independent whole culture and single cell genomics maintained in our laboratory cultures, and additionally published RNA-Seq data to investigate the association of bacteria with diverse amoebozoans. Relative to current published evidence, we recovered the largest number of bacterial phyla (57) and pathogen genera (49) associated with the Amoebozoa. Using single cell genomics we were able to determine up to 24 potential endobiotic bacterial phyla, some potentially endosymbionts. This includes the majority of multidrug-resistant pathogens designated as major public health threats. Our study demonstrates amoebozoans are associated with many more phylogenetically diverse bacterial phyla than previously recognized. It also shows that all amoebozoans are capable of harboring far more dangerous human pathogens than presently documented, making them of primal public health concern.
Inventory policy and magazine reloading schedule optimisation for cutting tools in pipe manufacturing

In a steel pipe manufacturing industry, several machining centres are used for different purposes, where tool magazines speed up the tool exchange and machine setup. Early tool replacement incurs u...
Mieloma múltiple. Experiencia de 9 años en el Hospital Naval Almirante Nef: Multiple myeloma. Nine years’ experience at the Almirante Nef Hospital

Introduccion: el mieloma multiple (MM) continua siendo una enfermedad incurable sin embargo el trasplante autologo de medula osea (TAH) y las drogas antineoplasicas han permitido mejorar la sobrevida global (SG) de los pacientes. Materiales y metodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 50 pacientes con diagnostico de MM en el hospital Naval Almirante Nef, desde 2005 a 2013. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos cohortes, segun la eligibilidad a trasplante, y analizados acordes a la primera linea de tratamiento y la sobrevida global (SG) hasta abril de 2019. Resultados: mediana de edad 73 anos (47-88 anos), SG 49 meses, y 50% en etapa-II del IIS. La SG de los 39 no candidatos a TAH fue 46 meses; con un mayor numero de respuestas completas y sobrevida, con el esquema melfalan-prednisona-talidomida. La SG de los 11 candidatos a TAH fue 66 meses, siendo el esquema bortezomib-ciclofosfamida-dexametasona el que concentro un mayor numero de respuestas completas libres de progresion. Se trasplanto el 45% de los candidatos, con una mediana de sobrevida de 79 meses versus a los 51 meses de aquellos no trasplantados. Tres casos de neuropatia asociada a talidomida y uno a bortezomib. La SG a los seis meses y a los cinco anos de todos los pacientes fue 86% y 44%, respectivamente. Conclusion: la incorporacion de nuevos farmacos permitio obtener mejores resultados de sobrevida lo que se condice con estudios nacionales e internacionales.
Evaluation of Changing Vena Cava Filter Use and Inpatient Hospital Mortality from 2016-2019: A Single-Institution Quality Improvement Project.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the changing trends of vena cava filter (VCF) insertion and determine whether changes in VCF use affected inpatient mortality. Patients and Methods A quality improvement project at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, tracks the type and reason for VCF insertions from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2019, to facilitate appropriate retrieval. The rate of VCF insertions was compared with inpatient mortality rates, normalized for patient volumes using the number of hospital inpatient discharges. Results A total of 698 VCFs were placed in 695 patients: 2016 (n=243), 2017 (n=156), 2018 (n=156), and 2019 (n=120). The rate of VCF insertions (per 1000 inpatient discharges) was 4.02 in 2016, 2.91 in 2017, 2.54 in 2018, and 1.93 in 2019. Mean ± SD age at placement was 62±16.4 years and 59.2% (413/698) were men. Most VCFs were retrievable (85.1%; 594/698) and were placed for treatment (78.4%; 547/698) indications (acute venous thromboembolism within 3 months). The rate of VCF insertions was compared with the inpatient mortality rate (per 100 inpatient discharges) and remained stable (1.83 in 2016, 1.79 in 2017, 1.83 in 2018, and 1.76 in 2019) despite the significant decline in VCF use. Conclusion Data from this quality improvement study demonstrate a reduction of more than 50% in the use of VCFs from 2016 through 2019 at a large academic hospital. These changes are difficult to attribute to any single change in clinical use and there was no appreciable increase in the inpatient hospital mortality rate associated with this decrease in VCF filter use.
An investigation of the reinforcing value of video game playing relative to concurrently available monetary alternatives.

OBJECTIVE Video game playing (VGP) has received recent attention as a result of sharing many similarities with other addictive behaviors. Behavioral economic models are commonly used to understand drug use and other addictive behaviors and may similarly inform conceptual models of VGP. METHOD The present study employed behavioral economic principles to conceptualize relative reinforcing value for playing video games compared to concurrently available alternative potential monetary reinforcers. Participants (N = 81) played three video games picked to represent games of low, medium, and high quality (i.e., OutDrive, Forza Motorsport 1, and Forza Motorsport 7), with quality designations based on the research teams' assessment of various features of the game (e.g., graphics, sound, immersion) as well as the game's market value at the time the study was conducted. Participants played each game for 10 min and completed Visual Analog Scales and a multiple-choice procedure (MCP) designed to assess relative reinforcing value at various time points during and after each session. RESULTS As hypothesized, both subjective ratings and relative reinforcing value increased as the designated quality of the game increased. More specifically, the high-quality game was rated as more fun and likable and had a higher MCP crossover point than the medium and low-quality games. CONCLUSIONS Like other behavioral addiction studies, results suggest that methodologies and behavioral measures commonly used in drug administration literature can be effectively applied to VGP. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Searching and Reviewing Scientific Literature

This chapter focuses on the importance of searching and reviewing scientific studies while preparing for ones paper or presentation. Any scientist needs to be familiar with the work that has been done in his or her area of research, and that others are doing concurrently. No scientist, however, can read all the books, articles, and other printed matter related to a given area, perhaps not even all that are concerned with his or her research. Therefore, it is necessary to be selective and to find the most pertinent literature on a subject as efficiently as possible, and use it effectively. A deliberate, well-organized approach to a literature search can save a great deal of time and energy. An exploratory search should be conducted before a clear hypothesis and clear objectives have been established. The specific search is essential for providing background to the work and for revealing where and how the research fits into the scientific pool of information available. Finally, when communicating the results, it is important to keep current with ongoing research. This current search can be maintained through habitual reading, interaction with professional peers, and a periodic check of current awareness sources.
Treatment of an Adult with Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined as a preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance. BDD is associated with functional impairment and poor quality of life, especially when left untreated. In this chapter, we describe the treatment of an adult with BDD. We use a modular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol developed by (Wilhelm et al., A cognitive behavioral treatment manual for body dysmorphic disorder, Guilford, New York, 2013), which has been demonstrated to be efficacious for adults with BDD. Specifically, we aim to highlight treatment techniques that were tailored to this case and the clinical features that represent the major challenges of working with this population. We also illustrate how to implement a full course of treatment while demonstrating key practice points for the effective clinician.
Comparison of Characteristics of Patients with Non-epileptic versus Epileptic Seizures in Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (P5.093)

OBJECTIVE: We compared different patient demographics between non-epileptic seizures (NES) and epileptic seizures (ES) in epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). Our comparative analysis included number of allergies, prevalence of headache, number of captured events, duration of disease state, and gender differences. BACKGROUND: About 25[percnt] of seizure patients remain medically refractory, but some patients have NES. The distinction between NES and ES can be difficult but critical to proper treatment. DESIGN/METHODS: We reviewed EMU reports of adult patients, including number of allergies, prevalence of headache, onset of spell, number of captured events, and diagnosis. Patients were divided into four groups: female ES (f-ES), male ES (m-ES), female NES (f-NES), and male NES (m-NES). RESULTS: NES patients reported greater number of allergies than that of ES patients (Mf-NES = 1.91, Mm-NES = 1.14, Mf-ES = 0.87, and Mm-ES = 0.49, p < 0.001). Females reported greater number of allergies in both diagnostic groups (p < 0.001). There was greater number of NES patients with headache (48.2[percnt]) compared to ES patients (24.1[percnt], p < 0.004). More females than males reported headache history regardless of the diagnosis (p < 0.0001). The mean number of captured events during monitoring was higher for the ES group (7.50) than the NES group (4.33, p < 0.05). There was no gender difference. There was statistical difference between the duration to referral to EMU for NES versus ES (MNES = 7.91, MES = 16.21, p < 0.001). There was no gender difference. CONCLUSIONS: NES patients reported greater number of allergies and headache than ES patients. Females, regardless of their diagnoses, reported more allergies and headaches than males. NES patients had fewer events than ES patients in EMU. Diagnosis of NES was delayed up to many years after onset, but NES patients were more readily referred to EMU than ES patients. Disclosure: Dr. Fu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cerven has nothing to disclose. Dr. Denny has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moorley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chung has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma, Supermus, Esai Inc., Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Upshire-Smith, and SK Life Science.
Image quality modeling and characterization of Nyquist-sampled framing sensors with operational considerations for remote sensing

The effect of increasing Q on image interpretability is explored, and the fidelity of general image quality equation (GIQE) predictions is assessed for Nyquist-sampled (Q=2) imagery at low signal-to-noise ratio. A digital image chain simulation is developed and validated against a laboratory test bed using objective and subjective assessments. Using the validated model, additional test cases are simulated to study the effects of increased detector sampling on image quality with operational considerations for space-based remote sensing. Variants of the GIQE are evaluated against subject-provided ratings, and modifications that increase prediction accuracy for Q=2 imagery are proposed. Finally, using the validated simulation and modified image quality equation, trades are conducted to ascertain the feasibility of implementing Q=2 designs in future electro-optical systems.
Valuing Tradable CO2 Permits for OECD Countries

We estimate a structural model of OECD countries in which GDP and CO2 emissions are endogenous. We use the estimated model to simulate the price of tradable CO2 permits and the efficiency gains from trade. Our estimated prices are high, relative to previous estimates, and the efficiency gains are substantial. We also find, contrary to previous literature, that higher income is associated with reduced emissions.
Abstract IA31: Combining targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade to improve responses

There have been significant advances in treatment of metastatic melanoma over the past several years through the use of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF gene occur in over half of melanoma tumors, and treatment with agents targeting this mutation results in objective responses in the majority of patients. However significant limitations exist as responses are not durable, with the majority of patients progressing on therapy within 6-10 months. Another area of significant progress involves the use of immune checkpoint blockade, such as with monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA-4 and the PD-1 pathway. In contrast, treatment of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a lower response rate than those observed with targeted therapy, but ones that tend to be more durable. With these advances, we are posed with therapeutic dilemmas with regard to timing and sequence of therapy. Namely, there is significant debate as to whether to begin treatment with targeted therapy versus immune checkpoint blockade upfront, and at which point to change treatment strategy. There is growing evidence of potential synergy in combining treatment with BRAF-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade, and this concept is being empirically tested in clinical trials. There a strong scientific rationale for combining these therapies, as treatment with BRAF inhibitors is associated with increased immunogenicity of melanoma tumors within 2 weeks of therapy - with increased melanoma antigens and CD8+ T cell infiltrate, and decreased immunosuppressive cytokines and VEGF. BRAF inhibitors may also directly activate T cells through paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway. However there is a concurrent increase in expression of immunomodulatory molecules (such as PD-L1) within 2 weeks of therapy which is likely related to T cell infiltrate, though also suggest a possible immune mechanism of resistance. Clinical trials and studies in murine models are currently underway to explore synergy between these therapies, and insights gained will be discussed herein. It is becoming increasingly apparent that complexities exist regarding appropriate timing and sequence in these combination strategies to optimize responses and minimize toxicity. Ultimately, ideal approaches using combined BRAF-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade will be built on a deep understanding of the molecular and immune effects of each of these therapies in isolation, as well as in combination. Citation Format: Jennifer A. Wargo. Combining targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade to improve responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA31.
Chapter 76 Large Sample Sieve Estimation of Semi-Nonparametric Models

Often researchers find parametric models restrictive and sensitive to deviations from the parametric specifications; semi-nonparametric models are more flexible and robust, but lead to other complications such as introducing infinite-dimensional parameter spaces that may not be compact and the optimization problem may no longer be well-posed. The method of sieves provides one way to tackle such difficulties by optimizing an empirical criterion over a sequence of approximating parameter spaces (i.e., sieves); the sieves are less complex but are dense in the original space and the resulting optimization problem becomes well-posed. With different choices of criteria and sieves, the method of sieves is very flexible in estimating complicated semi-nonparametric models with (or without) endogeneity and latent heterogeneity. It can easily incorporate prior information and constraints, often derived from economic theory, such as monotonicity, convexity, additivity, multiplicity, exclusion and nonnegativity. It can simultaneously estimate the parametric and nonparametric parts in semi-nonparametric models, typically with optimal convergence rates for both parts. This chapter describes estimation of semi-nonparametric econometric models via the method of sieves. We present some general results on the large sample properties of the sieve estimates, including consistency of the sieve extremum estimates, convergence rates of the sieve M-estimates, pointwise normality of series estimates of regression functions, root-n asymptotic normality and efficiency of sieve estimates of smooth functionals of infinite-dimensional parameters. Examples are used to illustrate the general results.
A rapid course through the five electrographic stages of status epilepticus.

Summary A 54-year-old woman was transferred to a university hospital for severe sepsis and multiorgan failure. A complex partial seizure was noted and she was placed on continuous electroencephalography (EEG). During EEG monitoring she developed generalized convulsive status epilepticus. After consultation with family it was decided not to escalate treatment due to her overall medical condition. She proceeded sequentially through the five stages of status epilepticus, described by Treiman et al. (1990) over 22 h and 30 min and then developed electrocerebral silence. This case is significant in that it is the first report of a single individual experiencing all five stages of status epilepticus displayed on a continuous EEG. The case further demonstrates the rapid progression of status epilepticus and exemplifies the need for prompt treatment.
Properties of two-dimensional in – mixture films

Abstract 3 He atoms on a superfluid 4 He film provide a unique example of an interacting two-dimensional Fermi system. NMR and specific heat experiments on this system reveal a number of its detailed properties. For low 3 He coverages changes in the 4 He substrate coverage allow the energetics of the 3 He to be determined and a localization transition is seen as a function of the 4 He coverage. As the 3 He coverage is increased, the two-dimensional 3 He system evolves from a very dilute Fermi gas to an interacting two-dimensional Fermi liquid. A combination of NMR and specific heat measurements results in a determination of the 3 He coverage dependence of the two lowest order Landau Fermi liquid parameters, F0a and F1s. Further increases in the coverage result in a discrete step in the magnetization and the specific heat due to the occupation of a second quantum state. The subject is surveyed here very briefly.
Youth psychotherapy change trajectories and early warning system accuracy in a managed care setting.

Objectives To examine change trajectories in routine outpatient mental health services for children and adolescents in a managed care setting, and to use these trajectories to test the accuracy of two variations of an early warning system designed to identify cases at risk for deterioration. Method Multilevel modeling procedures were used to examine longitudinal Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ) data for 16,091 youth aged 4-17 years (39% female, mean age 10.5) referred for treatment in a managed care system. Results Clients with more frequent YOQ administrations had slightly lower baselines and faster rates of change. Both the traditional and simplified versions of the early warning system demonstrated good accuracy in identifying clients who deteriorated, with a sensitivity of .63, specificity of .83, and hit rate of .81. Conclusions Results provide further evidence that patient-focused early warning systems can accurately identify most youth who are at risk for negative outcomes in routine mental health services.
Node decoupled extended Kalman filter based learning algorithm for neural networks

The use of extended Kalman filter (EKF) is common in estimation of nonlinear system parameters. It has also found application in training of feedforward neural networks. A heuristic modification of the EKF algorithm known as the node decoupled EKF (NDEKF) algorithm, which improves upon the EKF algorithm by significantly reducing computation time and memory requirements, appears very promising. The purpose of this paper is to present the NDEKF algorithm in a form suitable for coding readily into a computer program. Matlab implementation of the algorithm with simulation examples is included. >
Pausing on Polyribosomes: Make Way for Elongation in Translational Control

Among the three phases of mRNA translation-initiation, elongation, and termination-initiation has traditionally been considered to be rate limiting and thus the focus of regulation. Emerging evidence, however, demonstrates that control of ribosome translocation (polypeptide elongation) can also be regulatory and indeed exerts a profound influence on development, neurologic disease, and cell stress. The correspondence of mRNA codon usage and the relative abundance of their cognate tRNAs is equally important for mediating the rate of polypeptide elongation. Here, we discuss recent results showing that ribosome pausing is a widely used mechanism for controlling translation and, as a result, biological transitions in health and disease.
Treatment of children with neurogenic sarcoma experience at the children's hospital of Philadelphia, 1958–1984

Twenty-four children aged 3 months to 18 years (median, 12 years) were treated for neurogenic sarcoma at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Cancer Research Center from 1958 through 1984. Sixteen patients had neurofibromatosis (NF). The tumors arose in an extremity or in the trunk (15 patients), the retroperitoneum-pelvis (6), or other sites (3). Twelve children underwent grossly complete excision of localized sarcoma; of them, five had no known residual tumor and seven had proven microscopic residual disease. Ten of the remaining 12 patients had grossly visible, residual localized disease, and two had lung metastases. After operation, nine were treated on a protocol with local radiation therapy (4000–6000 rad) plus vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide with or without Adriamycin (doxorubicin). The other 15 were treated variably. At 3 years, the proportion of tumor-free survivors was 9 of 24 (37.5%). The significant favorable factors were the initial surgical removal of all gross tumor (9 of 12 with tumor excision were tumor-free survivors at 3 years compared to none of 12 with gross residual sarcoma; P < 0.01), and a tumor mitotic rate under one per high-power field. No significant correlation was found between tumor-free survival expectancy and age, race, sex, the presence of NF, the site and size of the primary tumor, or use of the chemoradiotherapy regimen. More effective treatment programs are needed for children with neurogenic sarcoma, especially for those with unresectable tumors. Cancer 59:1–5, 1987.
Biomechanical evaluation of bone-porous material interfaces.

An investigation was undertaken to correlate mechanical strengths of various bone-porous material interfaces with the type and degree of osseous ingrowth. Intracortical cylinders of porous and nonporous metals, ceramics, polymers, and carbon were implanted into canine long bones and examined at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Reflected and transmitted light microscopy were used to study bone ingrowth. Electron microprobe analysis and tetracycline labelling were used to characterize the degree of mineralization of the ingrowth. Shear strengths of bone-porous material interfaces were measured on cylinders forced out in compression. Microhardness traverses were made across the interfaces. Readily identifiable bone was shown by histology in many porous specimens. Mineralization was found to various depths in all the porous specimens. The porous metals displayed the greatest interfacial shear strengths and hardnesses, with values from one- to two-thirds that of cortical bone. Changes occurred in the ingrowth region, a bone-metal composite, which suggest a reduction of elastic mismatch.
Primordial Nucleosynthesis of 7Li

We have observed 23 halo stars with space velocities\( \left| {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} \to \\ {{v_{LSR}}} \end{array}} \right| \geqslant 100\,km\,{s^{ - 1}} \) and metallicities [Fe/H] ≤ -0.6, Twelve of these 23 show the more extreme properties \( \left| {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} \to \\ {{v_{LSR}}} \end{array}} \right| \geqslant 160\,km\,{s^{ - 1}} \) and [Fe/H] ≤ -1.4 and should therefore constitute an especially old, homogeneous subgroup. The principal results for these 12 extreme halo stars and 5 similar stars observed in previous studies are that (1) a single, well defined relation, previously discovered and discussed by Spite and Spite, exists without exception between the atmospheric Li/H ratio and Te, and (2) at Te and (2) at T ≤ 5600 K the average lithium abundance is = 1.2 ± 0.3 x -10. The latter value constitutes a lower limit on the ^Li fraction produced in primordial nucleosynthesis and thereby significantly constrains the cosmic ratio of baryons to photons.
The Structure and Silence of the Cognotariat

This paper describes the most likely social structure awaiting ‘knowledge workers’ in the knowledge economies of high‐ and medium‐income nations. Commentators from across the political spectrum and in diverse institutional positions have been noting that the source of new products and industries is increasingly ‘cognitive’. They have been concluding from this that knowledge workers are in effect knowledge capitalists who will either own, and/or control, the economy, and will gradually acquire the economic power historically allotted to owners, shareholders and top executives. The paper analyses the discourse of ‘knowledge management’ in conjunction with the structure of higher education’s primary disciplines to argue that in fact knowledge workers are divided into traditional social groups. Only a small ‘creative class’ will achieve control or creative freedom, and they will achieve this largely because of their direct institutional connections to the owners and executives who run the knowledge economy. T...
G. Paul Moore lecture: Rational thought: The impact of voice science upon voice care

Summary Recent evolution in scientific knowledge and technology has led to monumental improvement in the standard of care for patients with voice disorders. New concepts in anatomy, physiology, measurement, and analysis have provided voice care professionals with not merely better understanding, but moreover an extensive vocabulary with which to think about voice function and dysfunction. Previously, we had to depend too much upon anecdote and “the art of medicine.” Thanks to scientific advances, we now have the tools we need for rational thought about the human voice. This is the fundamental change responsible for recent great advances in voice care.
A Journey of Many Dimensions: Reflections on Change and Possibility

(2010). A Journey of Many Dimensions: Reflections on Change and Possibility. Quest: Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 335-347.
Spatial resolution and feature size determination in extreme ultraviolet microscope images

We have developed a numerical algorithm that, applied to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) micrographs, allows for the simultaneous determination of the spatial resolution and the size of the features of the image. The validity of the method was evaluated by analyzing EUV images.
A Computational Model For Sensing Depth From A Single 2-D Image

ABSTRACT It is generally a difficult task to obtain a complete geometrical model of a scene given a limited number of storage spaces, or to construct a 3-D scene geometry from one or more 2-D images. In this paper we focus on extracting information about a 3-D scene geometry given a 2-D image. The degree of blurriness (or sharpness) gives rise to computation of depth of an object. A method of shape from sharpness, based on this concept, is introduced. Given a point source image, its distance from a lens is obtained. This can be applied to an arbitrary scene consisting of superposition of many point sources. 1 . INTRODUCTIONA complete modeling of a 3-D scene geometry generally requires more than one 2-D image. Naturally, this requires a large number of storage spaces. However, some methods can be used to approximately reconstruct a 3-D model from a single 2-D image. These methods are usually categorized under shape from shading, texture, and contour (SSTC)1 . The method of shape from sharpness (SS), which is introduced in this paper, belongs to the above category. A comprehensive review of practical methods of shape from shading is given by Horn2. An excellent collection of papers on SSTC can be found in Reference 3-
Calculation of Stark effect energy shifts by Pade approximants of Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory

Pade approximants give Stark effect energies for excited states of hydrogen that are considerably more accurate than simple perturbation theory. In one example, Pade approximants for an n=25 state lie within the experimental uncertainty, while simple perturbation theory lies outside. In a second example, Pade approximants for an n=30 state fall inside the theoretical ionisation width, while simple perturbation theory falls outside. This behaviour appears to be general.
Transition to Perturbative QCD

We review the Jefferson Lab program concerning the interplay between hadronic and underlying quark degrees of freedom in exclusive reactions. Much of the program was initially based on predictions from perturbative QCD (pQCD) concerning scaling of reaction cross sections, helicity conservation, and asymptotic behavior of form factors. Although much of the data do not follow simple pQCD expectations, some observables scale better than expected. Generally, the underlying dynamics are best understood with nonperturbative quark models, but the elastic deuteron form factors provide an example of the success of hadronic models to high momentum transfer.
P 136. The influence of academic stress on cortical plasticity

Question Medical education is perceived as stressful. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible effect of academic examination stress on cortical long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in a group of university students. Methods The study included nine healthy medical students (males: mean age 30.2 ± 4.3 SE) and was conducted during a major exam period (stressed) and 5 weeks later after the exams (non-stressed). Facilitatory associative plasticity was induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS) in the human motor cortex (PAS-25 protocol). In addition, students were required to fill the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS) questionnaire. Results Sixty minutes after PAS-25 induction protocol, students showed lower amounts of potentiation during the exam period compared with after the exams ( p = 0.039). The average PSS score significantly higher during the “stressed” period ( P = 0.024). LTP-like plasticity showed an inverse correlation with the perceived stress. Conclusions Academic stress appears to affect LTP-like plasticity in students. Deficit in attention and impairment of N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor-dependent neural plasticity associated with stress might underlie our findings. Larger scale studies are needed to address the interrelationship between LTP-like plasticity and academic performance.
Reduction of electron density in a plasma by injection of liquids

In this paper, the authors have investigated the physics of various processes relevant to the reduction of electron density in a plasma by addition of water droplets; two processes have in particular been analyzed in some detail, viz, the electron attachment to charged dielectric droplets and the emission of negative ions by vaporization from these droplets. The results of these analyses have been applied to a study of the kinetics of reduction of electron density and charging of droplets in an initially overionized plasma, after addition of water droplets. A number of simplifying assumptions including uniform size and charge on droplets and negligible change in the radius of the droplet due to evaporation have been made.
Behavioral responses of unrelated adult male rhesus monkeys familiarized and paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment.

An attempt was made to pair ten unrelated, adult male rhesus monkeys that had been kept in single cages for several years. Potential companions were first given the opportunity to establish clear-cut rank relationships (unidirectional fear-grinning and/or withdrawing) during a 5-day period of noncontact familiarization. Only then were they paired in a different double cage. Rank relationships were confirmed within the first 6 minutes after pairing without the occurrence of any biting and fighting. A total of four physical aggressions (slapping) were observed in all five dyads during 5 hours of observations on the first 5 days after pairing. It was concluded that the establishment of clear-cut rank relationships prior to pairing was instrumental in this extremely low incidence of aggression.
EFFECTS OF HALOTHANE AND CHLOROFORM ON THE LIVER IN PROTEIN-DEFICIENT MICE.

A single 45-minute exposure to halothane did not cause demonstrable pathological liver changes when administered to mice in an atmosphere of air or oxygen regardless of whether the diet was normal or low in protein. Similarly, increased inhaled oxygen tensions per se had no influence on liver changes. The well-known hepatotoxicity of chloroform was demonstrated in groups fed both regular and low protein diets. The animaLs tolerated the single chloroform anaesthesia less well than those receiving halo thane with significant liver damage in both groups.
Interface morphology during crystallization—II. Single filament, unconstrained growth from a binary alloy melt

Abstract A theoretical model is developed to calculate the growth rate and tip curvature of a nonisothermal, non-isoconcentrate needle filament which is growing from a supercooled melt. It is predicted that at small alloy content, the presence of the solute decreases the non-isothermality of the filament and thus may cause the growth rate to increase. At large alloy contents, however, the solute transport consumes an increasingly larger proportion of the total driving force so that the growth rate decreases. A good correlation is obtained between theory and experimental data in the tin-lead system.
Validation of operant social motivation paradigms using BTBR T+tf/J and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains

Background As purported causal factors are identified for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), new assays are needed to better phenotype animal models designed to explore these factors. With recent evidence suggesting that deficits in social motivation are at the core of ASD behavior, the development of quantitative measures of social motivation is particularly important. The goal of our study was to develop and validate novel assays to quantitatively measure social motivation in mice. Methods In order to test the validity of our paradigms, we compared the BTBR strain, with documented social deficits, to the prosocial C57BL/6J strain. Two novel conditioning paradigms were developed that allowed the test mouse to control access to a social partner. In the social motivation task, the test mice lever pressed for a social reward. The reward contingency was set on a progressive ratio of reinforcement and the number of lever presses achieved in the final trial of a testing session (breakpoint) was used as an index of social motivation. In the valence comparison task, motivation for a food reward was compared to a social reward. We also explored activity, social affiliation, and preference for social novelty through a series of tasks using an ANY-Maze video-tracking system in an open-field arena. Results BTBR mice had significantly lower breakpoints in the social motivation paradigm than C57BL/6J mice. However, the valence comparison task revealed that BTBR mice also made significantly fewer lever presses for a food reward. Conclusions The results of the conditioning paradigms suggest that the BTBR strain has an overall deficit in motivated behavior. Furthermore, the results of the open-field observations may suggest that social differences in the BTBR strain are anxiety induced.
The Na Channel Voltage Sensor Associated with Inactivation Is Localized to the External Charged Residues of Domain IV, S4

Site-3 toxins have been shown to inhibit a component of gating charge (33% of maximum gating charge, Q(max)) in native cardiac Na channels that has been identified with the open-to-inactivated state kinetic transition. To investigate the role of the three outermost arginine amino acid residues in segment 4 domain IV (R1, R2, R3) in gating charge inhibited by site-3 toxins, we recorded ionic and gating currents from human heart Na channels with mutations of the outermost arginines (R1C, R1Q, R2C, and R3C) expressed in fused, mammalian tsA201 cells. All four mutations had ionic currents that activated over the same voltage range with slope factors of their peak conductance-voltage (G-V) relationships similar to those of wild-type channels, although decay of I(Na) was slowest for R1C and R1Q mutant channels and fastest for R3C mutant channels. After Na channel modification by Ap-A toxin, decays of I(Na) were slowed to similar values for all four channel mutants. Toxin modification produced a graded effect on gating charge (Q) of mutant channels, reducing Q(max) by 12% for the R1C and R1Q mutants, by 22% for the R2C mutant, and by 27% for the R3C mutant, only slightly less than the 31% reduction seen for wild-type currents. Consistent with these findings, the relationship of Q(max) to G(max) was significantly shallower for R1 mutants than for R2C and R3C mutant Na channels. These data suggest that site-3 toxins primarily inhibit gating charge associated with movement of the S4 in domain IV, and that the outermost arginine contributes the largest amount to channel gating, with other arginines contributing less.
Circulating endothelin-1 is not increased in severe preeclampsia

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by vascular endothelial cells. Preeclampsia is a unique hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Endothelial (ET) cell injury has been implicated in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Endothelial cell injury has been shown in vitro to cause the release of endothelin-1. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study of pregnant patients with hypertensive disorders and a control population to examine whether circulating levels of endothelin-1 are elevated in these disorders. We studied 21 patients with the following diagnoses: severe preeclampsia (n = 9); chronic hypertension (n = 6), two of whom had superimposed preeclampsia; and control patients (n = 6). The mean maternal and gestational ages were similar in these three groups. More importantly, severe preeclamptic patients were selected by strict criteria and most had evidence of thrombocytopenia. Endothelin was extracted immediately after the collection of blood and measured by a standard radioimmunoa...
Sexual harassment of university students

The sexual harassment of junior, senior, and graduate student women and men by male and female professors, graduate assistants, and staff was investigated to determine students' personal experiences in the classroom, outside the classroom, and in job-related settings. Usable survey responses were returned by 393 students, and incidents were detailed by 38 women and 9 men who noted their responses to the harassment and its effects. Attitudes toward and acceptance of sexually harassing behaviors were measured by a 10-item Tolerance for Sexual Harassment Inventory (TSHI). The frequency of initiation of sexual behaviors was also assessed. More women than men reported being sexually harassed. Male and female perceptions of classroom behaviors were in agreement for most items. Men and women differed significantly on the TSHI, with men more tolerant of sexual harassment than women, and highly significant age differences were found, indicating a greater acceptance of sexual harassment by younger students. There was little difference between male and female students in the frequency of their initiating sexual behaviors. The TSHI was assessed; reliability coefficients and a factor analysis are presented.
Advanced Internship: A High-Impact, Low-Cost, Super-Capstone Course

In an earlier issue of this journal, the authors described a capstone course, Internship, that both “caps” the undergraduate experience and functions as a “bridge” to the world beyond college. Here, they describe a sequel to that course, Advanced Internship, which both extends and enhances the “capping” and “bridging” experiences. The bridging function of the course is especially profound. The principles on which Advanced Internship is based apply to a variety of academic courses and disciplines. Impact of the course on students’ learning and confidence is high; costs for implementing the course are low.
DOUBLY EXCITED STATES OF Li+BELOW THEN= 2 ANDN= 3 THRESHOLDS OF Li2+

Abstract Over 540 doubly excited Li+resonances below the Li2+N= 2 andN= 3 thresholds are studied with the complex-rotation method. The resonance energy, autoionization width, relativistic correction to the energy, and mass polarization are tabulated for each state. The doubly excited states are grouped into Rydberg series labeled by the quantum numbersK,T, andAto display the systematic regularity along the series. The calculated resonance energies are expected to be accurate to within a few meV.