cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPINK1 expression is enriched in African American prostate cancer but is not associated with altered immune infiltration or oncologic outcomes post-prostatectomy

The SPINK1 molecular subtype is more common in African-American (AA) men with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) than European Americans (EA). Studies have suggested that SPINK1 expression is associated with more aggressive disease. However, the size, follow-up, and racial diversity of prior patient cohorts have limited our understanding of SPINK1 expression in AA men. The objective was to determine the associations between SPINK1 subtype, race, and oncologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). A total of 186 AA and 206 EA men who underwent RP were matched according to pathologic grade. We examined SPINK1 status by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays using a genetically validated assay. Cox proportional hazard analyses assessed the association of SPINK1 status with oncologic outcomes in race-specific multivariate models. A second objective was to determine the correlation between CD3/CD8 T cell densities with SPINK1 status and race, using immunostaining and automated image analysis. SPINK1-positive subtype was present in 25% (45/186) of AA and 15% (30/206) of EA men (p = 0.013). There were no differences in pathologic grade, pathologic stage, biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, or metastasis-free survival between SPINK1-positive and SPINK1-negative tumors in the overall cohort or by race. In multivariate analyses, SPINK1 expression was not associated with BCR (AA: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56–1.75, p = 0.976; EA: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.43–1.77, p = 0.720) or metastasis (AA: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.25–2.49, p = 0.691; EA: HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.58–4.11, p = 0.381) in either AA or EA men. There were no significant differences in surrounding CD3/CD8 lymphocyte densities between SPINK1-positive and SPINK1-negative tumors in either race. SPINK1-positive subtype is more prevalent in AA than EA men with PCa. Contrary to previous studies, we found that SPINK1 protein expression was not associated with worse pathologic or oncologic outcomes after RP in either AA men or EA men.
Positive affect treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial for a core feature of anhedonia.

OBJECTIVE Loss of pleasure or interest in activities (i.e., anhedonia) is a risk factor for suicidality, treatment nonresponse, and relapse. Extant treatments that focus on reducing negative affect have limited effects upon positive affect (a core feature of anhedonia). We investigated whether a novel intervention aimed at increasing reward sensitivity was more efficacious for positive affect than a cognitive-behavior treatment aimed at reducing threat sensitivity, in individuals with clinically severe symptoms of depression or anxiety, and functional impairment. METHOD The Treatment for Affective Dimensions trial was offered in a 2-site randomized study at outpatient treatment centers in Los Angeles and Dallas. Ninety-six patients were randomized to 15 weekly, individual sessions of Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) or Negative Affect Treatment (NAT). The primary outcome was improvement in positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Positive) from pretreatment to 6-month follow-up (6MFU). Secondary outcomes were improvements in negative affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative), suicidal ideation, and symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). RESULTS PAT resulted in greater improvements in positive affect, p = .009, d = .52, and higher positive affect at 6MFU, p = .002, d = .67, than NAT. Participants in PAT also reported lower negative affect, p = .033, d = .52, and lower symptoms of depression, p = .035, d = .34, anxiety, p < .018, d = .30, and stress, p = .006, d = .43 at 6MFU. Finally, probability of suicidal ideation at 6MFU was lower in PAT than NAT (1.7% vs. 12.0%), p < .001. CONCLUSIONS Compared to NAT, PAT demonstrated better outcomes (at 6MFU) on positive affect, depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation, for patients with symptomatic pretreatment levels of these outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Imaging of π-conjugated polymer/fullerene blends used in organic photovoltaics by nonlinear photoluminescence emission

A number of image microscopies have been applied to films of π-conjugated polymers and their fullerene blends used in photovoltaic applications; however, they seldom are able to map the polymer/fullerene grain interfaces and detect microscopic defects in the blend films. We have conducted multiphoton microscopy using a 65-fs mode-locked laser at 1.56 μm for spectroscopy and mapping of films of two prototype π-conjugated polymers, namely MEH-PPV and P3HT combined with their blends of PCBM fullerene molecules. The pristine polymer films have shown third harmonic generation and three-photon photoluminescence emission bands that are used for mapping the film topography with micrometer spatial resolution. Since the nonlinear photoluminescence band of the photogenerated charge transfer excitons (CTE) at the polymer/fullerene interfaces in films of polymer/fullerene blends is substantially redshifted compared to that of the excitons in pristine polymers, we could readily map the polymer/fullerene grain interfaces using the nonlinear CTE photoluminescence emission. From the multiphoton imaging of the polymer/fullerene films, we show that the polymer super-grains in MEH-PPV/PCBM are substantially larger than those in P3HT/PCBM, which may be detrimental to charge transport and, in turn, to photovoltaic applications, in agreement with smaller power conversion efficiencies obtained for solar cells based on the former blend. In addition, we also found second harmonic generation emission bands in the MEH-PPV/PCBM blend that result from micron-size embedded defects that do not possess inversion symmetry that forms during the film deposition process at ambient conditions. Multiphoton microscopy and spectroscopy are valuable additions to the tools of organic semiconductor films and devices for investigating the properties and growth of polymer/fullerene blends used for photovoltaic applications with micron spatial resolution.
Retinoblastoma and Uveal Melanoma

This section will discuss the role of enucleation and exenteration in the setting of the two most common primary intraocular tumors – retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. The treatment of these tumors is complex and usually requires a multidisciplinary approach, which is beyond the scope of this chapter. Eye removal (enucleation or exenteration) is only one option of many for these patients and is the main focus of this chapter. Evisceration should never be performed if an eye has or is suspected of having an intraocular tumor.
Small-molecule targeted recruitment of a nuclease to cleave an oncogenic RNA in a mouse model of metastatic cancer

As the area of small molecules interacting with RNA advances, general routes to provide bioactive compounds are needed as ligands can bind RNA avidly to sites that will not affect function. Small-molecule targeted RNA degradation will thus provide a general route to affect RNA biology. A non-oligonucleotide-containing compound was designed from sequence to target the precursor to oncogenic microRNA-21 (pre-miR-21) for enzymatic destruction with selectivity that can exceed that for protein-targeted medicines. The compound specifically binds the target and contains a heterocycle that recruits and activates a ribonuclease to pre-miR-21 to substoichiometrically effect its cleavage and subsequently impede metastasis of breast cancer to lung in a mouse model. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate that the compound is potent and selective, specifically modulating oncogenic pathways. Thus, small molecules can be designed from sequence to have all of the functional repertoire of oligonucleotides, including inducing enzymatic degradation, and to selectively and potently modulate RNA function in vivo.
Novel risk group stratification for metastatic urothelial cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

BACKGROUND We developed a novel risk scoring system for urothelial cancer (UC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 67 UC patients treated with ICI at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University from 2015 to 2018. Using stepwise variable selection in Cox proportional hazard model and Sullivan's weighting schema, baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), presence of liver metastasis, baseline albumin, and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) were used for risk scoring. Patients were categorized into good risk (risk score 0-1), intermediate risk (risk score 2-3), and poor risk (risk score 4-6). Univariable (UVA) and multivariable analysis (MVA) and Kaplan-Meier method were used to assess overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS The Emory Risk Scoring System had C-statistics of 0.74 (Standard Error = 0.047) in predicting OS and 0.70 (Standard Error = 0.043) in predicting PFS. Compared to good risk patients, poor risk patients had significantly shorter OS and PFS in both UVA and MVA (all P < .001), and intermediate risk patients had significantly shorter OS and PFS in both UVA and MVA (all P < .03). CONCLUSIONS Risk scoring using baseline PLR, presence of liver metastasis, baseline albumin, and baseline ECOG PS may effectively predict OS and PFS in UC patients receiving ICI.
Acute myeloid leukemia: Treatment and research outlook for 2021 and the MD Anderson approach

The unraveling of the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has resulted in rapid translation of the information into clinical practice. After more than 40 years of slow progress in AML research, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved nine agents for different AML treatment indications since 2017. In this review, we detail the progress that has been made in the research and treatment of AML, citing key publications related to AML research and therapy in the English literature since 2000. The notable subsets of AML include acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), core-binding factor AML (CBF-AML), AML in younger patients fit for intensive chemotherapy, and AML in older/unfit patients (usually at the age cutoff of 60-70 years). We also consider within each subset whether the AML is primary or secondary (therapy-related, evolving from untreated or treated myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm). In APL, therapy with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide results in estimated 10-year survival rates of ≥80%. Treatment of CBF-AML with fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) results in estimated 10-year survival rates of ≥75%. In younger/fit patients, the "3+7" regimen (3 days of daunorubicin + 7 days of cytarabine) produces less favorable results (estimated 5-year survival rates of 35%; worse in real-world experience); regimens that incorporate high-dose cytarabine, adenosine nucleoside analogs, and GO are producing better results. Adding venetoclax, FLT3, and IDH inhibitors into these regimens has resulted in encouraging preliminary data. In older/unfit patients, low-intensity therapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and venetoclax is now the new standard of care. Better low-intensity regimens incorporating cladribine, low-dose cytarabine, and other targeted therapies (FLT3 and IDH inhibitors) are emerging. Maintenance therapy now has a definite role in the treatment of AML, and oral HMAs with potential treatment benefits are also available. In conclusion, AML therapy is evolving rapidly and treatment results are improving in all AML subsets as novel agents and strategies are incorporated into traditional AML chemotherapy. LAY SUMMARY: Ongoing research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is progressing rapidly. Since 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 10 drugs for different AML indications. This review updates the research and treatment pathways for AML.
Remote communication amid the coronavirus pandemic: Optimizing interpersonal dynamics and team performance

[...]nearly every industry has witnessed layoffs, furloughs, and other unfortunate personnel decisions as a result of the economic fallout of the pandemic (Voytko, 2020). [...]in addition to the challenges that virtual teams often face in general, it is also important to take into consideration the unique challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic presents. [...]it may be more difficult to discern whether messages are received and understood, and team communication processes may be impaired (Cramton, 2001;Gibson & Cohen, 2003;Hertel etal., 2005). [...]it is clear that the shift to remote work can pose multiple challenges to new virtual teams;however, there are multiple strategies that team members and managers can use to improve their virtual team experiences.
The impact of all-star analyst job changes on their coverage choices and investment banking deal flow.

Abstract Using a sample of all-star analysts who switch investment banks, we examine (1) whether analyst behavior is influenced by banking relationships and (2) whether analyst behavior affects investment banking deal flow. Although the stock coverage decision depends on the relationship with the client firms, we find no evidence that analysts change their optimism or recommendation levels when joining a new firm. Investment banking deal flow is related to analyst reputation only for equity transactions. For debt and M&A transactions, analyst reputation does not matter. There is no evidence that issuing optimistic earnings forecasts or recommendations affects investment banking deal flow.
Who, What, and Where: Classroom Contexts for Preschool Writing Experiences

Although writing is a critical foundational skill and teachers’ approaches to writing is connected to development, writing instruction in preschool is often limited, infrequent, and narrow. While r...
Antenatal corticosteroids decrease the risk of composite neonatal respiratory morbidity in early term cesarean deliveries

Objective: While administration of antenatal corticosteroids prior to term elective cesarean deliveries has been shown in international randomized controlled trials to decrease the rates of respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the newborn, this is not standard practice in the United States. We aim to determine if administration of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation within one week of scheduled early term cesarean delivery resulted in decreased composite respiratory morbidity. Study Design: Historical cohort study including women who underwent scheduled early term cesarean delivery of a singleton, non-anomalous neonate at Mount Sinai Hospital between May 2015 and August 2019, comparing those who completed a course of antenatal corticosteroids within one week of delivery to those who did not. The primary outcome was composite respiratory morbidity defined as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn and NICU admission for respiratory morbidity. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were compared between groups using T-tests or Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests for continuous measures and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical measures, as appropriate. The outcomes were assessed using logistic regression. Results: History of preterm birth was significantly higher in those who received antenatal corticosteroids compared to those who did not (24.0% vs. 10.9%, p=0.01). Neonates who were not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids were more likely to experience the composite respiratory morbidity compared to those who were exposed (RR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-13.7; p=0.02). Between 37 and 38 weeks, neonates who did not receive steroids were at increased risk of composite respiratory morbidity (RR 11.7, 95% CI 1.5-89.0, p<0.01), however there was no difference for those born between 38 and 39 weeks. Conclusion: Betamethasone course administered prior to planned early term cesarean delivery was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the neonatal composite respiratory morbidity compared to routine management.
Effect of laser irradiation time on the surface characteristics of a carbon fiber composite

Owing to their unique physical and mechanical properties, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are finding wide applications in a variety of industries. This broad application necessitates a consideration of the material response in nontraditional environments to evaluate their overall reliability. In the current study, we investigate the time-dependent behavior of unidirectional [0°]6 CFRPs irradiated by a short pulse Nd:YVO4 near-infrared laser for durations ranging between 100 and 500 ms. Post irradiation, the damage on the surface was characterized using optical and electron microscopy as well as optical surface profilometry. Qualitatively, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was found to primarily consist of an out-of-plane expansion and anisotropic matrix removal with no structural damage to the fibers. The growth in HAZ size is conduction dependent and has a rapid trajectory along the fiber direction and a subdued trajectory along the transverse direction. Further evaluation of the subsurface via x-ray micro-CT showed the HAZ to be surface localized. An analytical heat conduction approach was also used to understand the evolution of surface HAZ with exposure time. This simplified approach was found to adequately capture the shape and growth of the HAZ.
Service Workers’ Well-Being During COVID-19: A Strengths-Based Inclusive Theory of Work Perspective

This study tested the Strengths-Based Inclusive Theory of Work (S-BIT of Work), a vocational theory that emphasizes positive psychological and cultural factors, among a sample of service industry w...
Fluxional motions and internal rotational barriers of water molecules bound to UO22+, NpO2+, and PuO22+

We have computed the torsional tunneling barriers for water molecules bound to actinyl ions, UO22+, NpO2+, and PuO22+ using high-level relativistic computations in aqueous solution. We show that the barriers drop substantially as a function of number of water molecules, which could assist facile exchange of water molecules from the solvent to the complex. Our findings are consistent with the 17O dynamical NMR studies of Farkas et al.
Moritz, Wackenroder, Schelling: Tragic Theo–Aesthetics

This chapter is consecrated to Karl Philipp Moritz, Wilhelm Henrich Wackenroder, and Friedrich Schelling. Like those of Hemsterhuis and Herder, Moritz’s aesthetic theory is a thoughtful response and amplification of Winckelmann. Moritz is unique, however, for his unflinching will to develop the tragic dimension of classic beauty. The central section of this chapter is a selective romp through Wackenroder’s seminal 1798 Heart-Outpourings of an Art-Loving Monk. Wackenroder is clearly won over by Winckelmann’s intimate construction of aesthetic experience. But he realizes that the self-absorbed narcissism of sculpted Greek gods is ill-suited to such an intimate approach. Consequently, he turns to painting, which he sees as more permeable to imaginative and affective penetration. Anticipating by more than two centuries the current discourse on the ‘power of Images’ (David Freedberg, T.J. Mitchell, Georges Didi-Hubermann), Wackenroder underscores how a painting can determine and catalyze a strong response, even when separated from its original cultic or civic context. But Wackenroder is also remarkably sensitive to the perils of aesthetic narcissism; the pictorial subworld may offer, by a kind of narcissism, an invitation to dwell in a sealed-off environment. The final section of this chapter follows the evolution of Schelling’s aesthetics, from his 1800 System of Transcendental Idealism, through his 1803–4 Philosophy of Art, to his 1807 Relationship of the Figurative Arts to Nature. Two themes stand out. The first is Schelling’s dramatic expansion (circa 1800) upon Winckelmann’s idea, that the beautiful artwork straddles the visible and invisible. The second important motif in Schelling is a reprise (between 1803 and 1807) of Moritz’s tragic aesthetics. But whereas Moritz saw the Vatican Laocoon as the epitome of tragic beauty, Schelling turns to the statue of Niobe (Uffizi, Florence). Her austere grace has the fixity of an incipient rigor mortis (and in this sense, the divine imprints itself on the human). But through the same fixity, the expression of a mother’s infinite love is given a lasting shape (in this respect, the human asserts itself over divine caprice).
Spread of P transposable elements in inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes experiments in which single P elements were observed to spread in M strain genomes. Some of the uncertainties inherent in the previous experimental designs were avoided through the use of in situ hybridization of P-element sequences to polytene chromosomes, as opposed to genomic Southern blots of massextracted DNA. In addition, to follow the chromosomes as closely as possible, the populations were maintained by brother-sister matings, as opposed to mass transfers, during the generations when P-element sites were being monitored. It is considered that control over the population size and structure is a critical feature in this experiment, since the data indicate that these parameters are important factors in determining the fate of invading P elements. The approach discussed in the chapter does not allow detection of heterochromatic P elements. However, it affords much higher resolution, and is less likely to obscure any events that require observation of individual genomes.
Organometallic Transformations via C-H Bond Activation

The recent use of transition metal complexes to activate carbon-hydrogen bonds has allowed the conversion of hydrocarbons into functionalized organic molecules. New examples are described in which the adducts resulting from C-H bond oxidative addition are reacted with acetylenes and isocyanides. The complexes described include (C5Me5)Rh(PMe3)(R)H (R = H, CH3, Ph), (C5Me5)Rh(CNR)2, RhCl(PR3)2(CNR’), Fe(PMe3)2(CNR)3, and Ru(dmpe)2(naphthyl)H. Both aldimines and indoles are formed catalytically with these complexes.
Prune Fiber or Pectin Compared with Cellulose Lowers Plasma and Liver Lipids in Rats with Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

Previous research indicated that prunes in the diet of men with hypercholesterolemia lowered plasma and LDL cholesterol concentrations. To further study lipid metabolism in response to ingesting prunes, we conducted an animal study to test the hypotheses that fiber extracted from prunes, compared with purified cellulose, lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia and that the response is dose dependent. Rats were randomly assigned to one of five experimental diet groups. Four of the diets contained cholesterol and cholic acid to induce hyperlipidemia. The fiber source in the hyperlipidemic diets was 6% cellulose, 3% prune fiber, 6% prune fiber or 3% pectin. The fifth group, the nonhyperlipidemic control, was fed a diet containing 6% cellulose without cholesterol or cholic acid. Rats consumed one of the five diets ad libitum for 28 d, then were killed after 16 h without food. Plasma, LDL and liver cholesterol concentrations were higher in the hyperlipidemic control than the nonhyperlipidemic control and lower in the groups fed diets containing pectin or prune fiber than in the hyperlipidemic control group. No differences in plasma or liver cholesterol concentrations were detected between groups fed either dose level of prune fiber or between groups fed 6% prune fiber and pectin. These results indicate that fiber extracted from prunes lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats, although a dose-dependent response was not detected.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Learning Difficulties in Genetic Disorders

Recent advances have revealed a plethora of genes, signalling pathways, cellular and circuit processes involved in learning and memory. Convergent evidence demonstrates that molecular mechanisms that regulate long-lasting changes in synaptic function are critical for learning and memory. This evidence has had a key role in unraveling mechanisms responsible for learning disabilities. For example, mutations in the neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) gene are a common genetic cause for learning disabilities. Studies in mice revealed that these learning deficits are caused by increases in Ras signalling leading to enhancements in synaptic inhibition and synaptic plasticity deficits. These deficits can be reversed by manipulations that target Ras signalling or inhibition. Current clinical trials are testing the efficacy of these treatments in NF1. Studies in other genetic causes for learning disabilities have shown that it is possible to develop mechanism-based treatments for these disorders in mice that are effective even when they are started in adulthood. Key Concepts: The molecular mechanisms that regulate long-lasting changes in synaptic function are critical for learning and memory. Our growing understanding of mechanisms of memory has been effectively used to unravel the causes for memory deficits associated with animal models of several key genetic disorders, including NF1, tuberous sclerosis and fragile X. It is possible to develop mechanism-based treatments for developmental disorders that are effective even when treatment is started in adulthood. Keywords: synaptic plasticity; NF1; LTP; Ras
Numerical evaluation of hypersingular integrals for scattering by a dielectric wedge

In the evaluation of hypersingular integrals for scattering by a dielectric wedge, the neighboring-patch contributions were previously examined under the assumption that the small-argument approximation of the Hankel functions could be used. In the present work, this assumption is relaxed. Similar corrections are required in the computation of the field components when the distance between the field point and the patch is small compared to the wavelength. Although the field integrals are finite, the behavior of the integrand is the same as that for the neighboring-patch contributions. >
IRF5 Deficiency Ameliorates Lupus but Promotes Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Lupus-Associated Atherosclerosis

Premature atherosclerosis is a severe complication of lupus and other systemic autoimmune disorders. Gain-of-function polymorphisms in IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) are associated with an increased risk of developing lupus, and IRF5 deficiency in lupus mouse models ameliorates disease. However, whether IRF5 deficiency also protects against atherosclerosis development in lupus is not known. In this study, we addressed this question using the gld.apoE(-/-) mouse model. IRF5 deficiency markedly reduced lupus disease severity. Unexpectedly, despite the reduction in systemic immune activation, IRF5-deficient mice developed increased atherosclerosis and also exhibited metabolic dysregulation characterized by hyperlipidemia, increased adiposity, and insulin resistance. Levels of the atheroprotective cytokine IL-10 were reduced in aortae of IRF5-deficient mice, and in vitro studies demonstrated that IRF5 is required for IL-10 production downstream of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling in multiple immune cell types. Chimera studies showed that IRF5 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells prevents lupus development and contributes in part to the increased atherosclerosis. Notably, IRF5 deficiency in non-bone marrow-derived cells also contributes to the increased atherosclerosis through the generation of hyperlipidemia and increased adiposity. Together, our results reveal a protective role for IRF5 in lupus-associated atherosclerosis that is mediated through the effects of IRF5 in both immune and nonimmune cells. These findings have implications for the proposed targeting of IRF5 in the treatment of autoimmune disease as global IRF5 inhibition may exacerbate cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Rural poverty, health and food access

Using US non-metropolitan county data we test if food access contributes to the well-established poverty and poor health relationship. Our analysis confirms the poverty and poor health relationship and that access to healthier food is associated with better public health outcomes in rural counties. There is mixed evidence that the poverty and poor health relationship is stronger in rural areas with limited food access. Access to healthier foods could diminish the poverty and poor health relationship, but one must take a regional perspective when thinking about rural communities and public health.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 101

Abstract The 1961 version of the Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 101 has been revised on the basis of experimental data published prior to September 1 1972. The present evaluation contains information obtained from approximately 70 papers. There are currently nine nuclei known for A = 101. Only the presumed ground states and half-lives have been determined in 101 Zr and 101 Cd. Decay-scheme studies of 101 Zr and 101 Cd have established two levels in 101 Nb and 101 Ng, respectively. The identification of levels in 101 Mo and some subsequent spin and parity assignments depend primarily on recent sub-Coulomb stripping results. The identification of levels in 101 Mo fed by the β -decay of 101 Nb is somewhat uncertian at this time. Nine levels in 101 Pd have been identified from the β -decay study of 101 Ag, but the data are not sufficient to assign spins and parities. e/β + -decay studies of 101 Pd have established approximately 19 levels in 101 Rh and have resulted in some tentative spin and parity assignments. During The course of the compilation, the results of 72Col6 and 72Co17 concerning the β -decay of 101 Mo were communicated to the compilers. This study resulted in the identification of 152 transitions and the placement of approximately 45 levels in 101 Tc. In addition, conversion-electron work resulted in the identification of previously unobserved levels in 101 Tc at 0.009317 and 0.15601 MeV, requiring a reassignment of level energies in 101 Tc. The stable nucleus 101 Ru has been studied via β -decay, γ -decay, and Coulomb excitation. As a result, a number of spin assignments for low-lying states are firm. Some additional gaps and uncertainties remain in the data. The relative intensities of transitions depopulating the same levels in 101 Ru as observed in β -decay, Coulomb-excitation, and γ -decay studies do not agree in some cases. Reaction studies would help to confirm the spins of low-lying states in 101 Tc and 101 Rh and provide additional information on higher spin states in 101 Mo. The existing data on levels in 101 Pd populated by the β -decay of 101 Ag were obtained in early work with semi-conductor detectors and are probably incomplete at this time.
Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality. 2. Synthesis of Optically Active Polyarylenes

An optically active polyarylene, (R)-3, has been prepared from the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of an optically active binaphthyl molecule, (R)-2,2‘-bis(hexyloxy)-1,1‘-binaphthyl-6,6‘-diboronic acid, (R)-2, with 1,4-dibromobenzene. GPC analysis of (R)-3 shows Mw = 41 000 and Mn = 20 000 (PDI = 2.0). The specific optical rotation of (R)-3 is [α]D = −289.4° (c = 0.5, THF). The UV spectrum of the polymer displays a strong absorption at λmax = 328 nm. Maximum emissions at 388 and 407 nm are observed in the fluorescence spectrum of (R)-3. The polymer emits strong blue light under a UV lamp. Another optically active polyarylene, (R)-4, was also obtained by the polymerization of (R)-2 with 4,4‘-dibromobiphenyl. GPC analysis shows its molecular weight is Mw = 47 000 and Mn = 14 000 (PDI = 3.4). The specific optical rotation is [α]D = −275° (c = 0.22, CH2Cl2). Polymers rac-3 and rac-4 were synthesized by the polymerization of the racemic monomer rac-2 with either 1,4-dibromobenzene or 4,4‘-dibromobiph...
Musculoskeletal Model of the Upper Limb Based on the Visible Human Male Dataset

A mathematical model of the human upper limb was developed based on high-resolution medical images of the muscles and bones obtained from the Visible Human Male (VHM) project. Three-dimensional surfaces of the muscles and bones were reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) images and Color Cryosection images obtained from the VHM cadaver. Thirteen degrees of freedom were used to describe the orientations of seven bones in the model: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, and hand. All of the major articulations from the shoulder girdle down to the wrist were included in the model. The model was actuated by 42 muscle bundles, which represented the actions of 26 muscle groups in the upper limb. The paths of the muscles were modeled using a new approach called the Obstacle-set Method [33]. The calculated paths of the muscles were verified by comparing the muscle moment arms computed in the model with the results of anatomical studies reported in the literature. In-vivo measurements of maximum isometric muscle torques developed at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist were also used to estimate the architectural properties of each musculotendon actuator in the model. The entire musculoskeletal model can be reconstructed using the data given in this paper, along with information presented in a companion paper which defines the kinematic structure of the model [26].
Development and Implementation of an E-Portfolio as a University-Wide Program.

This chapter describes the development of a successful e-portfolio system, with over forty-seven thousand users within five years of implementation and how it has been integrated as a university-wide program.
PDGF- and insulin-dependent pp70S6k activation mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase

PLATELET-DERIVED growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) phosphory-lation at tyrosines 740/751 and insulin receptor phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 effects the recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PIK)1–5. Changes in PI(3)K activity correlate with cell growth but its downstream signal transducers are unknown4,5. Activation of the 70/85K S6 kinases (pp70S6k) by serine phosphorylation6,7 results in 40S ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and is important for Gl cell-cycle transition in a variety of cells8–11. Although receptor tyrosine kinases activate the microtubule-associated protein kinase cascade through SH2-/SH3-adaptor proteins, Sos and c-Ras12, it is unclear how tyrosine kinases are coupled to the pp70S6k phosphorylation cascade. Here we report that PI(3)K mediates PDGF or insulin receptor signalling to pp70S6k. PI(3)K-mediated activation of pp70S6k is independent of conventional protein kinase C isoforms. Additionally, rapamycin blocks pp70S6k activation by all mitogens8–10, without inhibiting PI(3)K, and acts downstream in this signalling system.
Luminescence from plasma deposited silicon films

We report the observation of room-temperature and low-temperature visible photoluminescence from nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) through a gas discharge containing SiH4 diluted in Ar and H2. The nanocrystalline silicon films were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and were examined for photoluminescence. Luminescent films consisted of dense silicon nanocrystals that grew in a columnar structure with approximately 20%–30% void space dispersed inside the film. Aside from having small crystalline silicon regions, the structure of the nc-Si films is different than that of porous Si, another luminescent Si material generally produced by electrochemical anodization. Yet, the photoluminescence spectra of the thin nc-Si films were found to be similar to those observed from porous silicon. This similarity suggests that the same mechanism responsible for light emis...
Numerical Study of the Steady-State Tip Vortex Flow Over a Finite-Span Hydrofoil

The flow over a finite-span hydrofoil creating a tip vortex was numerically studied by computing the full Navier-Stokes equations. A good agreement in pressure distribution and oil flow pattern was achieved between the numerical solution and available experimental data. The steady-state roll-up process of the tip vortex was described in detail from the numerical results. The effect of the angle of attack, the Reynolds number, and the hydrofoil planform on the tip vortex was investigated. The axial and tangential velocities within the tip-vortex core in the near-field wake region were greatly influenced by the angle of attack. A jet-like profile in the axial velocity was found within the tip-vortex core at high angle of attack, while a wake-like profile in the axial velocity was found at low angle of attack. Increasing the Reynolds number was found to increase the maximum axial velocity, but only had a slight impact on the tangential velocity. Finally, a swept hydrofoil planform was found to attenuate the strength of the tip vortex due to the low-momentum boundary layer traveling into the tip vortex on the suction side
Ureteral bladder augmentation using the lower pole ureter of a duplicated system

Megaureters of nonfunctioning renal segments in a duplex system are commonly available for use in reconstructive procedures secondary to high-grade reflux, ectopic ureter, ectopic ureterocele, or obstructive megaureter. The use of megaureters subtending a nonfunctioning lower pole renal segment for bladder augmentation in 2 patients is reported.
The effect of long chain fatty acyl CoA esters on the adenine nucleotide translocase and myocardial metabolism.

Abstract The adenine nucleotide translocase, the transport protein for ADP and ATP, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane is an important site for the regulation of cell metabolism. Inhibition of the adenine nucleotide translocase by long chain fatty acyl CoA esters demonstrated in vitro may also occur in vivo when the complete oxidation of fatty acids by the myocardium has been compromised during ischemia. Reversal of this biochemical lesion may be of benefit in the preservation of the ischemic myocardium.
Recapitulation of genome-wide association studies on pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in the Korean population

Recapitulation of genome-wide association studies on pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in the Korean population
Histone mimics: digging down under

Epigenetic deregulation is intimately associated with the development of human diseases. Intensive studies are currently underway to clarify the mechanism for the sake of achieving ideal diagnostic and therapeutic goals. It has been demonstrated that enzymes with histone-modifying activities can also target non-histone proteins, with the underlying mechanism remaining obscure. In this review, we focus on a novel histone mimicry strategy that may be wildly adapted during the non-histone substrate recognition process. Its potential clinical implications are also discussed.
"Tie-in" trapezium prosthesis: Long-term results.

Seventeen of 20 thumbs treated with a silicone-Dacron trapezium replacement arthroplasty for disabling rheumatoid and osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb were reviewed. Patients were uniformly satisfied with the results. Relief of pain was achieved in all but three patients. The latter required excision for tissue reaction to the implant. (Histological findings are reported in these cases.) Motion and stability were satisfactory but not normal. Postoperative subluxation occurred in six cases. Wear and bone erosion were present in two cases after operation.
The integration of microcomputers in marketing research and decision making

This paper focuses on the integrative and pervasive use of microcomputers in marketing research and managerial decision making. The marketing research process is conceptualized as consisting of six phases. At each phase, microcomputer applications and illustrative software are identified as implications for the practice of marketing research discussed. Next the paper illustrates the use of microcomputers in selected application areas such as market segmentation, sales forecasting, new product development, pricing and decision support and expert systems. Guidelines for the selection of microcomputer software in specific situations are provided. The paper concludes with some observations on the future applications of microcomputers in marketing research and decision making.
Patients with prosthetic joints: Are they at risk when receiving invasive dental procedures?

Most prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are due to wound contamination at the time of surgery. Some infections occur due to the hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant sites of infection. A review of the literature fails to associate PJI with transient bacteremias from invasive dental procedures. Several authors have described conditions which, they believe, render patients with prosthetic joints more at risk for infection. Prosthetic joint patients with these “high risk” conditions have the same types of infecting organisms as other patients with PJI. This indicates that the infecting bacteria are from wound contamination or distant sites of infection and not related to dental procedure bacteremias. Based on this review, antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated for patients with prosthetic joints when receiving invasive dental procedures, since there is no proven benefit and there are known risks involved with the use of antibiotics. However, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), in an advisory statement, suggest prophylaxis for “high risk” patients. The ADA and AAOS recommend a single dose of amoxicillin, cephradine, or clindamycin when prophylaxis is selected. The dentist is ultimately responsible for making treatment recommendations for his or her patients.
Application of artificial neural networks in modeling limestone–SO2 reaction

Four varieties of limestone distinguished on the basis of pore-size distributions were exposed in dynamic 10-, 20- and 50-ppm SO{sub 2} atmospheres for up to 500 h at 25 C and 100% rh. The resulting conversion of the limestone was measured as a function of the reaction product formed and the change in porosity. These conversions could be predicted correctly using either the shrinking unreacted core model or the distributed pore model. An artificial neural network (ANN) was also trained for the purpose. All three approaches predicted conversions that fitted well with the observed data; however, those predicted by ANN were the most accurate. Further, the weights determined for ANN on the basis of three limestone varieties also accurately predicted the conversions of the fourth variety for which no information was supplied in the training phase, showing that ANN can also be used successfully to estimate gas-solid noncatalytic reactions.
Simulation of cluster impacts on metallic surfaces.

Energy, number-density, and confinement-time properties of 1-keV/atom ${\mathrm{Al}}_{32}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{63}$ cluster impacts on Al and Au targets have been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulation. Inertial confinement of the incoming clusters leads to number-density increases of \ensuremath{\sim}2 for very short time periods (20 fs) in the primary impact zone. Simultaneous and near-simultaneous multiple collisions occasionally increase the potential energy of a particle to more than twice that allowed in isolated two-body collisions. Up to 12% of the kinetic energy of the incoming cluster is transferred to atoms which eject early in the collision cascade.
Ecological considerations of Antarctic ozone depletion

Springtime ozone depletion over Antarctica has been observed for over a decade. Associated with ozone depletion is an increase in the levels of biologically harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) that reach the earth's surface, a situation that has prompted much controversy about the ecological effects of this atmospheric phenomenon on Antarctic ecosystems. A major hindrance to assessing the ecological impact is lack of appropriate data on Antarctic systems before the present ozone depletion cycle began. In addition, certain physical features of the Antarctic environment (clouds, snow and ice) and the UV-B photobiology (repair processes and protective strategies) of endemic species can alter the potential biological effects of this environmental stress in, as yet, undetermined ways. Increases in incident UV levels will most likely result in changes in the taxonomic structure of communities. The effects of these changes on net productivity and trophic dynamics cannot be accurately assessed without quantifying ambient doeses of UV and characterizing the UV photobiology of individual species. Both the physical features of the springtime environment and the biological responses of endemic species must be considered in future research efforts to evaluate the biological consequences of the Antarctic ozone hole.
Medical physics in developing countries: looking for a better world.

Medical physics has been identified as one of the key areas that need to be developed to improve healthcare. However, the level achieved in developing countries represents a stark contrast to the level that exists in Western Europe or North America. The challenge for developing countries is to build the required infrastructures, to acquire the equipment, to attract highly qualified professionals and to develop education and training programs and political policies for effective and accessible care within budgetary constraints. The state-of–the-art technological developments in medical physics cannot be viewed as a uniform reality all over the world. There is, of course, a wide difference in emphasis and approach when dealing with developing countries, compared to developed nations. As quality assurance and cost-benefit guidelines in the practice of radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging are being developed and debated in developed countries, the perspectives of the availability and standards of healthcare taken for granted in these countries stand in stark contrast to the level administered in developing countries. In this contribution, the overall situation of medical physics in developing countries and the barriers to improvement are discussed, and some possible solutions and ways to bridge the gap between developed and developing countries are suggested. © 2008 Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal. All rights reserved.
Interaction of OKL38 and p53 in Regulating Mitochondrial Structure and Function

The tumor suppressor p53 is a well-known transcription factor controlling the expression of its target genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, p53 also plays a direct proapoptotic role in mitochondria by regulating cytochrome c release. Recently, we identified a novel downstream target of p53, OKL38, which relocalizes from nucleus to mitochondria upon forced expression to induce apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying OKL38 targeting to mitochondria and apoptosis induction remains unclear. Here, we found that OKL38 interacts with p53 to regulate mitochondria function. After DNA damage, OKL38 colocalizes with p53 to mitochondria in U2OS cells. Further, p53 and OKL38 are targeted to mitochondria in synergy: forced expression of OKL38 leads to p53 localization to mitochondria while the expression of a mitochondria enriched p53 polymorphic variant, p53R72, leads to OKL38 enrichment in mitochondria. Biochemical analyses found that OKL38 and p53 interact in vivo and in vitro via multiple domains. In cell biological assays, multiple regions of OKL38 mediate its mitochondria localization and induce mitochondria morphology changes. OKL38 induces formation of megamitochondria and increases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, OKL38 induces cytochrome c release upon incubation with mitochondria. Taken together, our studies suggest that OKL38 regulates mitochondria morphology and functions during apoptosis together with p53.