cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First-order intensity and log-intensity probability density functions of light scattered by the turbulent atmosphere in terms of lower-order moments

The probability density function (PDF) of the scattered intensity is expressed in terms of the corresponding lower-order moments, whether measured or derived theoretically, assuming that the probability density is unimodal. The sought-for PDF is given by a gamma PDF modulated by a series of generalized Laguerre polynomials; the expansion coefficients are expressed in terms of the scattered-intensity moments with the nth coefficient containing only the first n moments. The Laguerre PDF is not a statistical fit to the data; there are no free parameters in this expansion, and the answer depends directly on the first n moments. The log-intensity PDF is also obtained from the lower-order intensity moments. Laboratory scattering experiments that employed light scattering from a photorefractive crystal (a problem formally similar to the turbulent-atmosphere scattering problem) were performed. The first five scattered-intensity moments were measured as well as the intensity histogram; with the exception of the behavior in the immediate vicinity of the maximum, the Laguerre PDF is in good agreement with the experimental data. The Dashen–Flatte approach to the theoretically derived moments by means of path integrals is also discussed in the context of the Laguerre PDF.
Advising Undecided Students: Lessons From Chaos Theory

Chaos theory can be used as a metaphor for advising undecided students. Concepts from chaos theory viewed in this context include dependence on initial conditions, strange attractors, emergent behavior in complex systems, and fractals. Looking at advising in a new light often gives advisors new ways of responding to traditional problems. The lessons advisors can take from chaos theory may simply be “get back to the basics,” or they may open advisor and student minds to avenues for change.
Comparison of near- and far-field measures for plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles

With a systematic comparison of the near- and far-field measures of plasmon resonance, we show that significant differences arise between the measures for both gold and silver spherical particles. The difference of the peak wavelengths between the near- and far-field measures increases with increasing particle size, reaching over 200 nm for a particle radius of 100 nm for both gold and silver. We physically explain these results by applying radiation damping to the quasi-static approximation, and we provide simple phenomenonological fits, which readily convert between the peak wavelengths for each measure. We expect that taking into account these differences can provide improvement in understanding and optimizing surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
Adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropin varies diurnally.

To further characterize diurnal changes in the rhythm in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, we have measured ACTH distribution volume, MCR, and t 1/2. These do not change between morning and evening in groups of untreated, dexamethasone-pretreated, or hypophysectomized female rats. To characterize the nature of the change in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, dexamethasone-pretreated rats were infused for 2 h with a variety of doses of ACTH in the morning and evening. The adrenal response to an infusion rate of ACTH that maximally stimulated the adrenals (200 pg/100 g BW.min) was the same in the morning and evening, showing that adrenal capacity does not change. However, infusion of ACTH at lower rates (50-100 pg/100 g BW.min) revealed that the slope of the steroid response curve increased between morning and evening, demonstrating a diurnal change in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. These results together with previous data showing that the magnitude and time course of the adrenal cAMP response to ACTH changes diurnally strongly suggest that ACTH receptor affinity or coupling with adenylate cyclase changes diurnally. In other experiments, plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were determined in groups of young and adult male and adult female untreated rats killed at 4-h intervals around the clock. Peak sensitivity to ACTH was found at lights-out, and trough sensitivity was found at lights-on, suggesting that the experimentally demonstrated rhythm occurs normally.
Differences in Negro and white drawings: a cultural interpretation.

S11mnasy.-While testing in schools with predominantly Negro populations, it was noted that the hair in the DAP was grossly overemphasized and distorted. Drawings were obtained from 122 Negro and 103 white junior high school students. Using 10 criteria for evaluating hair emphasis, 2 independent judges significantly differentiated drawings by Negro and white Ss. The hair:face area ratio was significantly greater for the drawings done by the Negro children than for those by the white children. The "sexual virility" hypothesis, the usual interpretation of hair emphasis or elaboration, was ruled out in favor of a culmral interpretation which reflected the Negro's desire for assimilation and integration. Es emphasize that care must be taken in the interpretation of DAPs obtained from Negroes when these interpretations are based on normative data, statistical or personal, which excludes this group. While administering test batteries in public schools with a predominantly Negro population, it was noted that the hair area in the hiunan figure drawing was grossly overemphasized and distorted. The prevalent interpretation of the diagnostic significance of hair emphasis is based on Machover's (1959) interpretation of hair emphasis as indicating "sexual virility" or "virility strivings" (p. 5 2 ) . The ail thors decided to investigate whether Machover's interpretation could be validly applied to a Negro population or whether these findings could instead be accounted for by a cultural hypothesis.
Chronic carbon monoxide exposure: Time course of hemoglobin, heart weight and lactate dehydrogenase isozyme changes

Abstract Rats were exposed to 500 ppm CO in air over periods of up to 42 days. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased to over 70% above control values during the period of exposure. Although the most rapid increase in Hb occurred during the first 21 days, it also continued to rise slowly during the last 21 days. Concurrently the mass of the heart increased, and within 14 days it reached a weight over one-third greater than that predicted from control animals of equal body weight. Heart weight after 42 days ranged from 140 to 153% of control heart weight. The M subunit composition of cardiac lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes increased by nearly 10% in CO-exposed animals. This change was detected within 5 days of initial CO exposure and was essentially complete within 10 days.
An ultra-sensitive DC and AC accelerometer using dual superluminal zero-area L-shaped ring lasers

We show that a pair of zero-area superluminal ring lasers, each configured in an L-shape, can perform as an ultrasensitive DC and AC accelerometer, with sensitivity as small as 10 pico-g/VHz, and high dynamic range.
Human albinos can discriminate spatial frequency and phase as accurately as normal subjects.

Abstract Previous experiments testing grating and vernier acuities in albino central vision are consistent with the hypothesis that the deficit in their monocular spatial processing is mainly due to the increased spacing of their foveal cones. This was tested by measuring albino spatial frequency discrimination over the range 0.25–4.0 cpd. The same experiments were performed on three normal subjects both in the fovea and at a peripheral locus at which their grating acuity was identical to that of the albino subjects. Spatial frequency discrimination thresholds averaged 3.71% for albinos, 5.18% for the normal fovea, and 8.81% for the normal periphery, the latter being over 2.3 times greater than albino thresholds. A comparable pattern of results was observed in phase discrimination experiments. These data reject the possibility that albino central vision is similar to normal peripheral vision, but the results are predictable on the hypothesis that the central retina of albinos is a spatially magnified (underdeveloped) version of the normal fovea.
An enthalpy formulation for thermocline with encapsulated PCM thermal storage and benchmark solution using the method of characteristics

Abstract An enthalpy-based model of thermocline operation applicable to both single phase and encapsulated phase change filler materials was developed. Numerical simulation of the model was created using MATLAB. The method of characteristics was applied in space and time, mapping fluid temperature and filler enthalpy to a numerical grid, and in the case of a melting filler, allowed accurate tracking of PCM filler phase state interfaces to fractional positions of the grid. Careful consideration of various possible heat transfer conditions along with placement of PCM filler phase state interfaces in the numerical grid allowed for great versatility and accuracy in model application. Input of fluid and filler properties, tank size, time of operation, and initial and boundary conditions to the program returned a full representation to any desired amount of charge/discharge processes or cycles. The paper covers mathematical formulation, certain intricacies of numerical implementation, model verification, and the beginnings of application to prove proper operation and generality.
A new genus and species of Stenomylinae (Camelidae, Artiodactyla) from the Moonstone Formation (late Barstovian–early Hemphillian) of central Wyoming

Wyomylus whitei is a new genus and species of stenomyline camel from the Moonstone Formation (late Barstovian–earliest Hemphillian, middle–late Miocene) of central Wyoming. W. whitei , the youngest known species of the Stenomylinae, is a small, gracile camel that is primitive in many of its characters for such a late-appearing representative. Among the diagnostic characters of W. whitei are: extreme reduction of P1–P3; reduction of P4–M1; reduction of p4–m1; small posterior heel on M3; extreme nasal retraction; large and very deep, but unpocketed anterior maxillary fossa; large, very deep and slightly pocketed preorbital fossa; anteromaxillary and preorbital fossae confluent via an elongate depression directly ventral to the premaxilla–maxilla suture; posteriorly placed orbits; small, but well-developed wing-shaped internal pterygoid processes; very narrow dorsal moiety of the supraoccipital; very weak lambdoidal crest that does not overhang the occiput; and partially fused metatarsals III and IV.
Plant Regeneration from Callus from Two Growth Phases of English Ivy, Hedera helix L.

Summary Calluses from stems of mature and juvenile reversion Hedera helix L. were cultured and assessed in terms of the characteristics of regenerated plants. Callus from juvenile reversion stems regenerated shoots which subsequently rooted to give vigorous whole plants. Callus from mature stems, on an activated charcoal containing medium, gave rise to embryos. In a medium identical but for the omission of activated charcoal only undifferentiated callus growth occurred. Callus from mature stems regenerated only embryos. Callus from juvenile reversion stems regenerated only shoots. Thus both types consistently regenerated different structures, presenting the possibility of an in vitro marker for phase change. That both juvenile reversion and mature derived callus gave rise to regenerated structures that were juvenile suggests that de novo mature meristems cannot arise.
Impact of Perceptions of Faculty on Student Outcomes of Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, Persistence, and Commitment

The literature on higher education supports the assumption that the integration of environmental and psychological factors are critical in influencing the intents of students to stay in college. Yet, questions exist on the impact faculty may have on student retention. This exploratory study examines perceptions of students about faculty in terms of relatedness, responsiveness, teaching quality, and treatment of students and how those perceptions impact students' own perceptions of their self-efficacy, locus of control, persistence, and commitment. Results yielded positive and significant correlations. Respondents identified specific attributes of faculty which could potentially enhance or frustrate their intentions to stay in college. Recommendations for promoting quality faculty-student interactions in and out of the classroom and the ethics of caring are discussed.
A three channel model of ππ scattering and the elastic and inelastic electromagnetic vertex functions

A three channelN/D model of π π scattering, the pion form factor, ande + e −→4π cross sections is investigated. The dispersion relation subtraction constants and other parameters are chosen to optimize resonances are generated, the ρ(770) and ρ(1600), and that there is no ρ(1250) resonant state.
Emergency redo mitral valve replacement in a 27-year-old pregnant female with a clotted prosthetic mitral valve, preoperative fetal demise and postoperative ventricular assist device: a case report

A 27-year-old Laotian woman with a St Jude mechanical mitral valve became pregnant, requiring a change in her anticoagulant after the first trimester when her warfarin sodium (coumadin) was replaced with enoxaparin sodium (lovenox). Her prosthetic valve clotted and became dysfunctional. She was 16 weeks pregnant and was taken to the operating room for emergency surgery for replacement of the valve. The fetus had not been viable for 1-2 weeks, but still remained in utero. The clotted valve was replaced with another St Jude valve of a slightly smaller diameter (27 mm). The patient could not be weaned from bypass so a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was inserted. The patient was weaned from the RVAD after 2 days of support. Two days following removal of the RVAD the fetus spontaneously aborted. The patient had a long, complicated hospital course and was discharged 3 months later. She subsequently died 4 months after discharge of a cerebral hemorrhage from excessive anticoagulation.
Quantifying the σ and π Interactions between U(V) f Orbitals and Halide, Alkyl, Alkoxide, Amide and Ketimide Ligands

f Orbital bonding in actinide and lanthanide complexes is critical to their behavior in a variety of areas from separations to magnetic properties. Octahedral f1 hexahalide complexes have been extensively used to study f orbital bonding due to their simple electronic structure and extensive spectroscopic characterization. The recent expansion of this family to include alkyl, alkoxide, amide, and ketimide ligands presents the opportunity to extend this study to a wider variety of ligands. To better understand f orbital bonding in these complexes, the existing molecular orbital (MO) model was refined to include the effect of covalency on spin orbit coupling in addition to its effect on orbital angular momentum (orbital reduction). The new MO model as well as the existing MO model and the crystal field (CF) model were applied to the octahedral f1 complexes to determine the covalency and strengths of the σ and π bonds formed by the f orbitals. When covalency is significant, MO models more precisely determined...
Plaintiff or defendant: using legal cases to teach students pharmacy law.

Objective. To demonstrate the value of students using actual legal cases during collaborative “breakout” sessions in a pharmacy law class. Design. Students were broken into smaller groups and randomly assigned a legal case to arbitrate or defend. One week prior to the groups' presentation, all students were given the facts of a case that was reflective of issues covered during the lecture component of the course. Formative assessments were utilized in addition to an overall breakout satisfaction survey administered at the end of the course. Assessment. Overall, students felt the breakout sessions enhanced their learning environment and reinforced material covered during the didactic portion of the course. Students also recommended the breakout sessions for future pharmacy law courses. Conclusion. Dividing a large pharmacy law class into 2 sections of 12 groups each and conducting mock trials resulted in increased student participation and interaction and deeper understanding of the course content.
Abstract 4662: Genetic variations in the cell-cycle pathway and survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving platinum-based chemotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the main choice of treatment for patients with advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Platinum agents target DNA preferentially for cytotoxicity, which will lead to DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest. We hypothesize that genetic variations in cell cycle pathway may modulate response to platinum-based chemotherapy. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive pathway-based approach to identify genetic variations in the cell-cycle pathway as predictors of overall survival in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Material and Methods: We genotyped 633 polymorphisms from 105 cell cycle-related genes in 598 advanced NSCLC cases who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. All genotypes were analyzed for association with overall survival and evaluated for potential cumulative and gene-gene interactions that further modulated overall survival. Multiple statistic analyses were applied, including individual SNP analysis, cumulative genotype analysis, haplotype analysis, survival tree analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: 65 SNPs from 40 cell-cycle genes were identified that were significantly associated with NSCLC overall survival (p<0.05) individually. We found that increasing numbers of potential high-risk alleles in any cell-cycle checkpoint would lead to increased risk of death. Compared with other checkpoints, G1/S checkpoint showed more significant associations with patients’ survival. For the combined analysis of unfavorable genotypes in G1/S checkpoint, compared with the referent group (≤20 unfavorable genotypes), the HRs for patients carrying 21-23 and 24-32 unfavorable genotypes were 1.94(95%CI 1.47-2.56) and 3.00(95%CI 2.33-3.85), respectively (p for trend < 0.0001), and also a significant reduction of median survival time from 24.05 to 9.18 months (log-rank p < 0.0001). Heplotype analysis revealed that a TP73 haplotype (GTGTTA) was significantly associated with increased risk of death (p=0.00026). Survival tree analysis of overall cell-cycle pathway indicated G1/S checkpoint genes categorized patients into subgroups with different survival pattern. Conclusions: These results suggest that G1 and G1/S checkpoint genetic variations affect survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and that there are gene-dosage effect and gene-gene interactions in modulating clinical outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4662.
Characterization of Microsatellite Loci in the Western Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes hesperus, and Cross-Amplification in Closely Related Cryptic Species

New, and previously reported microsatellites, were characterized for a group of four cryptic sibling species in California (USA) in the subterranean termite genus Reticulitermes with the goal of finding loci appropriate for population and species level studies. Three new microsatellites were identified originating from R. hesperus, and 19 loci previously characterized in R. flavipes and R. santonensis were examined. Of the three loci specifically developed for R. hesperus, none amplify with the other species. Variation appropriate for population level studies was found in 4–13 loci depending on the species. Fifteen loci appeared to be appropriate for use at the species level. Unique or monomorphic alleles are found among the four species, indicating these loci will be taxonomically informative for this group.
How Can Sociology Contribute to Integrating Service Learning into Academic Curricula

This article argues that sociology can make a unique contribution to the integration of service experiences into the academic content of courses across the curriculum. By virtue of its theoretical, conceptual, methodological and pedagogical legacies, sociology contributes to an understanding of the potential and promise of community service for academic inquiry. The article describes a unique venture in which an interdisciplinary team of faculty and students designed a major and minor in Public and Community Service Studies using service learning pedagogy. [E]ducation is a dialectic of life and mind, of body and spirit, in which the two are inextricably bound together. Neither acknowledges how awkward this makes it for a liberal arts university at once to serve and challenge society, to simultaneously “transmit” fundamental values such as tolerance, responsibility, and love of learning and to create a climate in which students are not merely conditioned by what is transmitted (transmission tends toward indoctrination). Such a university must stand apart from society in order to give students room to breathe and grow free from a too-insistent reality. At the same time, it must stand within the real world and its limits in order to prepare students for real lives in a society that, it they do not mold it to their aspirations, will mold them to its conventions. Benjamin R. Barber, An Aristocracy of Everyone1992: pp. 208–9
Prototype of an LJ solid equation of state applied to argon, krypton and methane

A prototype of an equation of state for Lennard-Jones solids is developed on the basis of modified Weeks-Chandler-Andersen perturbation theory. This prototype is found to represent the melting pressures and molar volumes of solid argon, krypton and methane.
On a Recent Naturalism Debate in Business Ethics from a Philosophy Point of View.

William C. Frederick proposes a naturalistic business ethics. Many commentators focus on the issues of naturalistic fallacy, deprivation of freedom of the will, and possibility of important and universal moral values in business ethics. I argue that an ethics being naturalistic is not a worry. The issue of deprivation of free will is irrelevant. Yet there are urgent questions regarding the possibility of important and universal moral values, which may prevent Frederick’s view from getting off the ground.
Surgical evaluation and management of refractory constipation in older children.

Abstract Chronic constipation is a common childhood problem that accounts for 35 to 5% of pediatric visits and 10% to 25% of referrals to pediatric gastroenterologists. The etiology of constipation can be elusive, and extensive investigation often fails to identify a specific cause. The authors conducted a 5-year retrospective review of the patients referred for deep transanal rectal biopsy to determine the usefulness of this procedure in the evaluation and subsequent surgical management of refractory constipation. Specimens obtained by transanal rectal biopsy established a diagnosis for 30 of the 70 patients, and 17 of these 30 had subsequent procedures in the treatment of their constipation. The authors conclude that transanal rectal biopsy identifies a significant number of patients with previously unidentified neuroenteric disorders who may benefit from additional surgery in the treatment of constipation refractory to medical manangement.
The Spectrum of Kidney Involvement in Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Kidney involvement is an under-recognized complication of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diversity of lymphoma-related renal manifestations makes diagnosis difficult. Although abrupt worsening of kidney function may be the first sign of malignant disease, renal effects can be subtle or even silent. The causes of renal involvement similarly are varied. We discuss a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and associated kidney failure from several distinct malignancy-related mechanisms and review the spectrum of lymphoma-related kidney involvement.
Reciprocally Regulated Chromatin Association of Cockayne Syndrome Protein B and p53 Protein

The Cockayne syndrome complementation group B (CSB) protein is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler with an essential function in transcription-coupled DNA repair, and mutations in the CSB gene are associated with Cockayne syndrome. The p53 tumor suppressor has been known to interact with CSB, and both proteins have been implicated in overlapping biological processes, such as DNA repair and aging. The significance of the interaction between CSB and p53 has remained unclear, however. Here, we show that the chromatin association of CSB and p53 is inversely related. Using in vitro binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we demonstrate that CSB facilitates the sequence-independent association of p53 with chromatin when p53 concentrations are low and that this is achieved by the interaction of CSB with the C-terminal region of p53. Remarkably, p53 prevents CSB from binding to nucleosomes when p53 concentrations are elevated. Examining the enzymatic properties of CSB revealed that p53 excludes CSB from nucleosomes by occluding a nucleosome interaction surface on CSB. Together, our results suggest that the reciprocal regulation of chromatin access by CSB and p53 could be part of a mechanism by which these two proteins coordinate their activities to regulate DNA repair, cell survival, and aging.
Osteoporosis and Orthopedic Surgery: Effect of Bone Health on Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcome

Osteoporosis is a common condition. As the population ages, more patients with osteoporosis will require orthopedic procedures, including arthroplasty. Adverse outcomes are more likely for patients with osteoporosis requiring orthopedic procedures, for example those with intraoperative fractures, periprosthetic osteolysis with implant migration, and postoperative periprosthetic fractures. Cemented prosthetic hip replacements may be more successful among patients with poor bone quality. Femoral neck fracture is a concern during hip resurfacing among patients with osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients undergoing joint arthroplasty and the ideal vitamin D level for joint arthroplasty has yet to be determined. Both bisphosphonates and teriparatide may aide successful osteointegration among patients undergoing noncemented joint arthroplasty. Focusing on bone health perioperatively should result in better outcomes for orthopedic procedures.
Time-dependent vector functions in electromechanical energy conversion and related low frequency phenomena Part I. Fundamentals

The paper is based on the mathematical concept of a vector as an element of a linear space whose most common geometric representation is a straight line with specific length and direction. Inherent in this definition is the fact that the concept of a vector is more general than just a straight line with specified length and direction. The term vector is used in this general context in this presentation and goes beyond such particular cases as conventional space vectors ( $$\bar B, \bar D$$ , etc.) and phasors (single frequencyLaplace-transform solutions). Time dependent vectors describing certain integral properties of electromagnetic devices have been used for a long time. Despite their attractivness their usage was rather limited and in a sense isolated. The most widely used field is tensor analysis where the functions relating the vectors have to be, by definition, linear. Some other approaches assume sinusoidally distributed windings, current sheets, radial $$\bar H$$ fields, etc.; all of these drastically idealize the physical picture. No successful attempt has been made in the past to relate directly the terminal properties of devices to the behaviour of the electromagnetic field itself and to relate them toMaxwell's equations without imposing any restriction on the system. The present paper proves that there is a simple mathematical discipline which handles simultaneously and directly the phenomena of the entire electromagnetic field and the terminal performance of electromagnetic devices. This mathematical technique is vectorarithmetic and vector-analysis. The foundation of this treatment uses onlyMaxwell's first two equations and energy relations; thus, unrestricted in any way, it can handle all problems involving the macroscopic electromagnetic field. With this approach some of the old concepts can be revaluated. It turns out, for example that circuits such as equivalent circuits widely used in electric machinery (which describe in the time domain the single-frequency steady state behaviour of one phase) become circuits describing entire machines under far more general operational conditions; as a result parametric amplification techniques, etc., may be directly applied to electric machines and other devices. It is shown in the paper that tensor analysis is more general than usually claimed. The importance of eigenvector transformations is also emphasized. Examples accompanying this introduction to the vector approach are well known problems this is done to demonstrate that most classical problems can be solved directly and with very little effort by using vector functions. Some topics beyond the terms of references set by the title are also discussed and indication is given that network theory, system theory, high frequency devices, etc. all have the same common basis and as such are special cases within this general vector method.
A two-zone fire growth and smoke movement model for multi-compartment buildings

A fire growth and smoke movement model for a multi-compartment building has been developed at the National Research Council of Canada. This development is primarily intended to help evaluate the risk from fires in buildings. This paper presents the related physical models, numerical methods, and some verification examples. The 2-zone ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are derived for the compartments with fire or smoke. The four independent variables for one compartment are selected as pressure, enthalpy of upper layer, and mass of upper and lower layers. The implemented fire sub-models are introduced, including combustion, fluid flow and heat transfer models. For each compartment without smoke or fire, a non-linear algebraic equation based on mass conservation is used instead of the ODEs. The numerical solution of the governing equations is obtained using a room by room iteration method. In this algorithm, an existing ODE solver, LSODA, has been modified and used to solve the stiff ODEs, and the Steffensen Acceleration Method is used to solve the algebraic equations. Experimental data for single- and two-compartment fire tests are compared to the predictions of the model. The comparison shows favourable results, especially for the upper layer gas temperature, interface height, and vent flow rate.
Poly[[bis(acetonitrile-κN)bis{μ-2-[(2-carboxylatoethyl) ammoniomethyl]benzoato}copper(II)] bis(perchlorate) acetonitrile disolvate]

The reaction between the ligand N-(2-carboxy­benzometh­yl)-β-alanine (H2cbal), obtained by reducing the Schiff base N-(2-carboxy­benzoimine)-β-alanine, and copper(II) perchlorate afforded a copper(II) complex, {[Cu2(C11H11NO4)2(CH3CN)2](ClO4)2·2CH3CN}n, with an extended three-dimensional framework. The copper(II) ions are in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry in an O4N coordination environment. There is a centre of inversion at the mid-point of the Cu⋯Cu vector.
IMpact of pocKet rEvision on the rate of InfecTion and other CompLications in patients rEquiring pocket mAnipulation for generator replacement and/or lead replacement or revisioN (MAKE IT CLEAN): A prospective randomized study

Background The fibrous capsule around cardiac implantable device generators is known to promote bacterial colonization and latent infection. Removal of the capsule during device replacement procedures may reduce infection rates but may increase hemorrhagic complications. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pocket capsule decortication procedure on infection and bleeding rates in patients undergoing device replacement procedures. Methods In a prospective randomized single-blind control study, patients undergoing device replacement, upgrade, or lead extraction were randomized to Group A "with pocket revision" (n = 131) and group B "without pocket revision" (n = 127). Deep and superficial infection rates, bleeding, and prolonged serous drainage were assessed during 12 months of follow-up. Data were analyzed according to intention-to-treat principle. Results A total of 258 patients were enrolled in the study. Rates of generator change, upgrade, and lead extraction/replacement were similar between both groups. There was no incidence of deep infection in either group at 12-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in the incidence of superficial infection between groups (1.5% vs 4.7%, P = .13) during 12-month follow-up. There was a significant increase in acute hematoma formation in group A compared to group B (6.1% vs 0.8%, P = .03). Two patients in group A had to undergo hematoma evacuation. Conclusion There was increased incidence of hematoma formation in group A with no effect on infection rates. Our study suggests that there is no benefit to performing empiric pocket revision.
Distributed fault-tolerant embeddings of rings in hypercubes

Abstract This paper contributes simple distributed algorithms for successfully embedding a ring of size at least 2 n −2 f in an n -cube with f ⩽⌞(n + 1)/2⌟ faults. Only local knowledge of faults is assumed with each processor aware of the status of only its immediate neighbors. The algorithms work in many cases where f exceeds ⌞(n + 1)/2⌞ .
Nonlinear Panel Response from a Turbulent Boundary Layer

The vibration of a flexible elastic plate is investigated by a Monte Carlo technique. The response analysis is performed in time domain by numerically simulating the resulting generalized forces. The nonlinear plate deflection and mutual interaction between the plate motion and external and/or internal airflow is included. The fluid perturbations due to the structural motion are described by linear aerodynamic theory. The boundary-layer pressure field is idealized as a homogeneous multidimensional Gaussian random process with mean zero. The plate differential equations of motion and boundary conditions are satisfied in a Galerkin sense by developing a modal solution. Illustrative examples are presented for subsonic and supersonic flow regions using shallow cavity and two plate mode approximations.
Hybrid stress finite elements for large deformations of inelastic solids

A new hybrid stress finite element algorithm, based on a generalization of Fraeijs de Veubeke's complementary energy principle is presented. Analyses of large quasistatic deformation of inelastic solids (hypoelastic, plastic, viscoplastic) are within its capability. Principle variables in the formulation are the nominal stress rate and spin. A brief account is given of the boundary value problem in these variables, and the 'equivalent' variational principle. The finite element equation, along with initial positions and stresses, comprise an initial value problem. Factors affecting the choice of time integration schemes are discussed. Results found by application of the new algorithm are compared to those obtained by a velocity based finite element algorithm.
A Computational Procedure for a Class of Coverage Problems for Multiple Shots

This paper considers certain computational difficulties associated with a class of coverage problems for multiple shots, including the situation where N rounds of a salvo are delivered onto a diffused target, where the single-round damage function, the distribution of impacts about the aim point, and the distribution of aim point about the target center are elliptical normal. The computational procedure employs Jacobi polynomials and results in better convergence properties of the resulting series than for series heretofore employed.
Fluorinated benzazepines: 1. Synthesis, radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of a series of substituted benzazepines as potential radiotracers for positron emission tomographic studies of dopamine D-1 receptors

Abstract We have prepared N -alkyl, aryl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl and iodoaryl derivatives of 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(3′-aminophenyl)-2, 3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SCH 38548) as high-affinity ligands for the dopamine D 1 receptor. Binding affinities of the compounds for dopamine D 1 , D 2 , and serotonin 5-HT 2 receptor sites in rat brain homogenates were measured. The affinity of SCH 38548 for dopamine D 1 receptors was found to be 0.53 ± 0.46 nM, whereas lower affinities (in the micromolar range) for dopamine D 2 and serotonin 5-HT 2 receptors were found. Alkylation (ethyl, n -propyl and benzyl) and acylation (benzoyl) of the amino group of SCH 38548 did not decrease affinities for the D 1 receptors significantly. The fluoroethyl, fluoropropyl, and fluorobenzyl derivatives showed approximately an 8-fold, 9-fold, and 3-fold decrease in affinity for the D 1 sites compared to SCH 38548. The N -4-fluorobenzoyl derivative, however, showed a similar affinity for the D 1 sites as for SCH 38548. All four fluorinated derivatives exhibited weak binding at D 2 and serotonin 5-HT 2 receptors. The N -(4- 18 F-fluorobenzoyl)SCH 38548 was prepared by reacting SCH 38548 with 4- 18 F-fluorobenzoyl fluoride in 2–5% radiochemical yield with a specific radioactivity of ~600–700 Ci/mmol. The N -(3- 18 F-fluoropropyl)SCH 38548 was prepared by reacting SCH 38548 with 18 F-fluoropropyl iodide in 2–5% radiochemical yield with a specific radioactivity of ~600–700 Ci/mmol. N -(4- 18 F-fluorobenzoyl)SCH 38548 failed to localize in the dopaminergic sites in the rat and rhesus monkey brain. Biodistribution of N -(3- 18 F-fluoropropyl) SCH 38548 in rats showed specific uptake and retention (0.64% injected dose/g at 30 min) of the radiotracer in the striata, with striata-to-cerebellum ratios reaching 12 at 2 h postinjection (p.i.). Positron emission tomography scans in rheusus monkeys indicate selective uptake of the radiotracer in the striata. After IV injection of N -(3- 18 F-fluoropropyl)SCH 38548, a rapid brain uptake of the tracer from blood was observed. Initial uptake in the striata and cerebellum was ~0.02% of injected dose/cc. Nonspecific uptake from the tissue surrounding the striata cleared slowly. The striata-to-cerebellum ratio increased from 1.20 to 3.5 min postinjection to ~2.5 at 120 min p.i. The specific uptake of N -(3- 18 F-fluoropropyl)SCH 38548 in the striata was displaced by IV administration of SCH 24518 (2 mg/kg).
Photoconductivity and transient response of Al:ZnO:Al planar structures fabricated via a thermal oxidation process

Abstract We have investigated the photoconductivity and transient response of polycrystalline ZnO films grown using a thermal oxidation technique. Zinc-metal films were grown on c -plane sapphire substrates via non-reactive dc sputter deposition at room temperature with subsequent thermal annealing at 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C, and 1200 °C. Metal–semiconductor–metal Al:ZnO:Al planar ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors were fabricated via sputter deposition of aluminum contacts. Decreasing photoconductivity is seen for increasing annealing temperature, which is consistent with photoluminescence studies showing a similar decrease in the green-to-UV emission ratio. As-grown photodetectors annealed at low temperature (300 °C) over 9 h demonstrated a responsivity of ~ 100 mA/W. We also present a phenomenological model of photoconductivity transients in which transient recoveries are fitted with a linear combination of two exponential decays. Although annealing temperature did have a significant effect on photocurrent saturation, there was no such relationship for post-illumination recovery time constants.
Inheritance of inter-simple-sequence-repeat polymorphisms and linkage with a fusarium wilt resistance gene in chickpea.

The inheritance of an inter-simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) polymorphism was studied in a cross of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and a closely related wild species (C. reticulatum Lad.) using primers that anneal to a simple repeat of various lengths, sequences and non-repetitive motifs. Dinucleotides were the majority of those tested, and provided all of the useful banding patterns. The ISSR loci showed virtually complete agreement with expected Mendelian ratios. Twenty two primers were used for analysis and yielded a total of 31 segregating loci. Primers based on (GA)n repeats were the most abundant while primers with a (TG)n repeat gave the largest number of polymorphic loci. Nucleotides at the 5′ and 3′ end of the primers played an important role in detecting polymorphism. All the markers showed dominance. We found an ISSR marker linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4. The marker concerned, UBC-855500, was found to be linked in repulsion with the fusarium wilt resistance gene at a distance of 5.2 cM. It co-segregated with CS-27700, a RAPD marker previously shown to be linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 1, and was mapped to linkage group 6 of the Cicer genome. This indicated that genes for resistance to fusarium wilt races 1 and 4 are closely linked. The marker UBC-855500 is located 0.6 cM from CS-27700 and is present on the same side of the wilt resistance gene. To our knowledge this is the first report of the utility of an ISSR marker in gene tagging. These markers may provide valuable information for the development of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) at a desired locus.
CONSTRUCTION OF STABLE EPISOMES IN CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

We report the generation of stable plasmids constructed by inserting specific DNA sequences into previously known unstable vectors. These sequences were obtained from a DNA library recovered from a previously reported stable minichromosome created by electroporative transformation in Cryptococcus neoformans (Varma and Kwon-Chung 1994). A 6-kb insert from this minichromosome significantly enhanced both the frequencies at which URA5 transformants were obtained as well as the stability of their uracil prototrophy on non-selective media. A 1.5-kb sequence of this insert contained telomeric sequence repeats which when introduced into plasmids resulted in significant increases in transformation frequency. A 1081-bp sequence (STAB), present in the remainder of the insert, had an ARS-like function enhancing the episomal maintenance of plasmids in the transformants regardless of the gene (ADE2/URA5) used as a selection marker.
Assessing regional econometric models: A discussion and application

Economic literature shows it is possible to conduct reasonably complete model assessment tests on small-area regional econometric models, even though several highly informative tests are not commonly reported. The paper demonstrates and encourages the use of Theil-type “U” statistics. These embody implicit naive models to serve as standards of accuracy, facilitate cross-model comparisons, and further facilitate model testing and adjustment. Tests were run on the MAP econometric model of Alaska, widely used for assessment of economic policies in that state. Root mean square percent error, variations of Theil's U statistic, and experiments with the model's block structure were used to test model performance. Use of the family of U-type statistics demonstrated certain structural problems exist in the A84.2 version of MAP, even though this model generally passed the commonly reported tests in the regional literature. For the most part, MAP also passed the additional historical accuracy and impact assessment tests used in this paper; however, areas for potential improvement were found.
A hybrid finite element – Vector generalized finite element method for electromagnetics

Vector generalized finite element method (VGFEM) has been successfully applied to solve open and closed domain electromagnetic problems [1, 2]. Theoretically, VGFEM is a powerful technique as it permits the use of a wide range of function spaces, and provides a rigorous framework for including different approximation spaces seamlessly. Doing so can provide better approximation, and perhaps, more efficient simulations. The first step in VGFEM is to define a partition of unity (PU) domain, or the domain of approximation function. In a departure from using the canonical domains as the PU domains [1], a methodology that permits the use of union of polyhedra has been developed and validated [2], where polyhedra can be transformed into a brick element. In this paper, our goal is two fold: (i) we will develop a framework for defining the PU domains as union of tetrahedrals, and (ii) integrate VGFEM with FEM. The extension of the VGFEM framework on tetrahedral elements is not straightforward since (i) definition of the PU function on an arbitrary polyhedra is difficult, and (ii) one needs to carefully handle the coupling of FEM and VGFEM basis functions. This paper presents the means through which these difficulties can be overcome. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: In the next Section, we present the framework of VGFEM with tetrahedral elements, and then explain the hybrid FEM-VGFEM technique. The new VGFEM framework is validated via a a set of simulations. Finally, conclusions and the future research are presented in the last Section.
Republican Lambs and the Democratic Pipeline: Partisan Differences in the Nomination of Female Gubernatorial Candidates

In 2005, a record nine women served as their state's governor. Of these, eight were elected. A crucial and often difficult step for women to be successful in gubernatorial elections is for them to win the nomination for governor by their political party. From 1976 to 2004, only 79 women have won their party's nomination for governor. The record number of women nominees in a single year is 10, set in 1998 and 2002. Even with these recent successes, women as governors are both fairly rare and an understudied area of political science. In this study, we explore two different explanations for the nomination of women to elected office: the pipeline and sacrificial lamb models. Although some research argues that the sacrificial lamb model is outdated and has been replaced by the pipeline model, we find that both of these models are relevant for the study of female gubernatorial nominations, but in the same way for each political party. By examining gubernatorial election data from 1976 to 2004, we present evidence suggesting that the pipeline model helps to explain the nomination of Democratic women, while the sacrificial lamb model helps to explain the nomination of Republican women. Though preliminary, these findings have important implications for the growing, pro-Democratic, partisan imbalance of women officeholders.