cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Isometric Bilateral Shift that is Weakly Supercyclic

Ansari and Bourdon showed that an isometry on an infinite dimensional Banach space cannot be norm supercyclic. However, in this paper, we show there does exist a weakly supercyclic isometry on the Banach space \(c_0 (\mathbb{Z}).\)
How an obscure archaeal gene inspired the discovery of selenocysteine biosynthesis in humans

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st genetically encoded amino acid found in organisms from all three domains of life. Sec biosynthesis is unique in that it always proceeds from an aminoacyl-tRNA precursor. Even though Sec biosynthesis in bacteria was established almost two decades ago, only recently the pathway was elucidated in archaea and eukaryotes. While other aspects of Sec biology have been reviewed previously (Allmang and Krol, Biochimie 2006;88:1561–1571, Hatfield et al., Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 2006;81:97–142, Squires and Berry, IUBMB Life 2008;60:232–235), here we review the biochemistry and evolution of Sec biosynthesis and coding and show how the knowledge of an archaeal cysteine biosynthesis pathway helped to uncover the route to Sec formation in archaea and eukaryotes. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 35–39, 2009
Educational attainment is not a good proxy for cognitive function in methamphetamine dependence

Abstract Background We sought to test the hypothesis that methamphetamine use interferes with both the quantity and quality of one's education, such that the years of education obtained by methamphetamine dependent individuals serves to underestimate general cognitive functioning and overestimate the quality of academic learning. Methods Thirty-six methamphetamine-dependent participants and 42 healthy comparison subjects completed cognitive tests and self-report measures in Los Angeles, California. An overall cognitive battery score was used to assess general cognition, and vocabulary knowledge was used as a proxy for the quality of academic learning. Linear regression procedures were used for analyses. Results Supporting the hypothesis that methamphetamine use interferes with the quantity of education, we found that (a) earlier onset of methamphetamine use was associated with fewer years of education (p Conclusion Results support the hypothesis that methamphetamine use interferes with the quantity and quality of educational exposure, leading to under- and overestimation of cognitive function and academic learning, respectively.
Imaging vascular mechanics using ultrasound: Phantom and in vivo results

We introduce a new method for simultaneous imaging of tissue motion and flow with subsample accuracy in both axial and lateral directions. The method utilizes a phase-coupled 2D speckle tracking approach, which employs the true 2D complex cross correlation to find subpixel displacements in both axial and lateral directions. We have also modified the imaging sequence on a Sonix RP scanner to allow high frame rate 2D data collection in a limited field of view covering the region of interest (M2D-mode). Together with the robust 2D speckle tracking method, M2D imaging allows for capturing the full dynamics of the flow and wall/tissue motion, even when the flow is primarily in the lateral direction (with respect to the imaging beam). The fine vector displacement estimates in both axial and lateral directions are shown to allow for smooth and contiguous strain and shear strain calculations with minimal filtering. The quality of the displacement and strain fields is demonstrated by experimental results from a flow phantom (ATS Model 524) and in vivo images of the carotid artery in a healthy volunteer. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous imaging of the vector flow field and the wall/tissue motion and the corresponding strains at high spatial and temporal sampling. This may provide an essential tool in modeling the fluid-solid interactions between the blood and blood vessel, a key challenge in vascular biomechanics.
Dynamic regulation of alpha- and beta-chemokine expression in the central nervous system during mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelinating disease.

Infection of C57BL/6 mice with the V5A13.1 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-V5A13.1) results in an acute encephalomyelitis and chronic demyelinating disease with features similar to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines associated with inflammatory pathology in various diseases. The kinetics and histologic localization of chemokine production in the central nervous system of MHV-infected mice were examined to identify chemokines that contribute to inflammation and demyelination. Transcripts for the chemokines cytokine-response gene-2 (CRG-2), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage-chemoattractant protein-1 and protein-3 (MCP-1, MCP-3), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta), and MIP-2 were detected in the brains of MHV-infected mice at 3 days postinfection (p.i.), and these transcripts were increased markedly in brains and spinal cords at day 7 p.i., which coincides with the occurrence of acute viral encephalomyelitis. By day 35 p.i., RANTES, CRG-2, and MIP-1beta were detected in brains and spinal cords of mice with chronic demyelination. CRG-2 mRNA expression colocalized with viral RNA and was associated with demyelinating lesions. Astrocytes were the predominant cell type expressing CRG-2 mRNA. These observations suggest a role for chemokines, notably CRG-2, in the initiation and maintenance of an inflammatory response following infection with MHV, which is important in contributing to demyelination.
Collectivistic Conflict of Chinese in Counseling Conceptualization and Therapeutic Directions

Rapid Westernization and modernization in most Chinese societies has triggered a process of acculturation to Western value orientations, which induced conflicts between Confucian-based collectivism and Western individualism at both the societal and individual levels. A review of research instruments indicated that a cultural conflict approach is often used when assessing the personality and psychological functioning of Chinese people within and outside the United States. In spite of the receptiveness toward Western influences, family and collectivistic orientation are Confucian virtues and remain dominant values that govern the interpersonal and normative relationships in Chinese societies. Within this cultural conflict context, the concept of collectivistic conflict is proposed to conceptualize the psychological adaptation and counseling concerns of the Chinese. The development of a compromising self and the reintegration of the indigenous coping mechanism of self-cultivation (i.e., striving to be a cult...
Perspectives on Therapeutic Jurisprudence in Dependency Court in Cases Involving Battered Mothers

A qualitative study was conducted involving clients, victim advocates, and judges participating in one of Miami-Dade County's (Florida) “therapeutic” juvenile court based programs, the Dependency Court Intervention Program for Family Violence (DCIPFV). The primary objective of this study was to assess how battered mothers’ perceptions of the dependency court judges’ actions impacted the women's motivation to take appropriate actions to promote their own, and their child(ren)'s safety.
A Brief History of Positive Displacement Aviation Engines

The positive displacement internal combustion engine was the engine used for the first successful powered manned flight by the Wright Brothers in North Carolina, United States, 1903. Positive displacement engines differ from turbine engines in that their work is generally obtained by the products of combustion expanding against a sealed piston. The aircraft engine has stringent operating requirements, and these are outlined. From 1900–1950 the primary types of positive displacement engines were: in-line, rotary radial, static radial, vee engines, opposed cylinder engines, and diesel engines. Piston engines can be turbocharged to maintain engine output at high altitudes. Keywords: aircraft; combustion; diesel engine; internal combustion; opposed cylinder engine; positive displacement engine; rotary radial engine; static radial engine; vee engine
Clinical Characteristics of Emotionally Disturbed Boys with Very Low Activities of Dopamine-β-hydroxylase

Twenty boys with very low levels of plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) are compared to 20 boys with plasma DβH greater than 15μ/min/L. All 40 had been hospitalized in a children's psychiatric hospital. We report an association between zero DβH and a cluster of symptoms, and the diagnoses of conduct disorder, undersocialized, and borderline personality disorder. The association between zero DβH and the group of symptoms is strong enough to suggest a direct relationship between the clinical picture and very low activities of DβH. The triad of firesetting, enuresis, and cruelty to animals frequently appears to be associated with zero DβH. Interestingly, there were significantly more cases of neglect or abuse in the zero DβH group.
Differential expression of posttetanic potentiation and retrograde signaling mediate target-dependent short-term synaptic plasticity.

Summary Short-term synaptic plasticity influences how presynaptic spike patterns control the firing of postsynaptic targets. Here we investigated whether specific mechanisms of short-term plasticity are regulated in a target-dependent manner by comparing synapses made by cerebellar granule cell parallel fibers onto Golgi cells (PF→GC synapse) and Purkinje cells (PF→PC synapse). Both synapses exhibited similar facilitation, suggesting that any differential short-term plasticity does not reflect differences in the initial release probability. PF→PC synapses were highly sensitive to stimulus bursts, which could result in either depression of subsequent responses, mediated by endocannabinoid-dependent retrograde signaling, or enhancement of responses through posttetanic potentiation (PTP). In contrast, stimulus bursts had remarkably little effect on the strength of PF→GC synapses. Unlike PCs, GCs were unable to regulate their PF synapses by releasing endocannabinoids. Moreover, PTP was reduced at the PF→GC synapse compared to the PF→PC synapse. Thus, the target-dependence of PF synapses arises from the differential expression of both retrograde signaling and PTP.
Siloxane/silane‐crosslinked systems from supercritical carbon dioxide: I. Fluorinated poly(ether/siloxane)s

A series of new, fluorinated, silicone-containing polymers with crosslinkable units has been synthesized by hydrosilation in toluene and supercritical carbon dioxide (70°C, 3000 psi) using platinum-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (Pt-DVTMS) as a catalyst. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC, TGA, and DSC. The molecular weights of these polymers ranged from 9,900 to 41,000. Comparison of the properties between reactions in toluene versus supercritical carbon dioxide indicated that the green solvent is a suitable alternative for hydrosilation. The hydrolysis and thermal curing of the crosslinkable precursor polymers produced higher molecular weight polymers with thermal stabilities ranging from 347 to 417°C. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
δ13C is a signature of light availability and photosynthesis in seagrass

We explored the role of light-saturated (carbon-limited) photosynthesis on d13C of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig) populations from the clear, blue waters of the Great Bahama Bank and the turbid, green waters of Florida Bay using field observations and radiative transfer models. Consistent with numerous previous observations, leaf d13C decreased significantly with water depth in both regions. However the d13C for Bahamas turtlegrass was 3% heavier than that for Florida Bay turtlegrass at equivalent depths, and broadband irradiance explained even less of the d13C variations than depth. Instead, leaf d13C showed a stronger relationship to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis of the intact plant canopy was carbon-limited. When the Bahamas and Florida Bay d13C values were related to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis was carbon-limited, the variations in leaf d13C observed for Florida and Bahamas populations collapsed into a single relationship that explained 65% of the variation in leaf d13C. Consequently, turtlegrass from the Bahamas was isotopically heavier than Florida Bay populations growing at equivalent depths because they were more carbon-limited (5 light- saturated) for a larger fraction of the day. The ability to predict turtlegrass d13C from the daily period of carbon- limited photosynthesis provides a mechanistic link to fundamental relationships between light and photosynthesis that can transcend geographic differences in depth and water-column optical properties, and may permit leaf d13C to provide a robust indicator of recent photosynthetic performance and plant survival in response to changing environmental conditions.
Closure of the blood-brain barrier by matrix metalloproteinase inhibition reduces rtPA-mediated mortality in cerebral ischemia with delayed reperfusion.

Background and Purpose— Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) can be beneficial in ischemic stroke despite an increased risk of hemorrhage and potential neurotoxic effects. We...
Gangliosides of human, bovine, and rabbit plasma

Gangliosides were isolated from human, bovine, and rabbit plasma and were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. Purification was achieved by sequential use of partitioning in solvents, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, base treatment, and silicic acid chromatography. Human and bovine plasma yielded slightly more than 1 micro mole of lipid-bound sialic acid/100 ml; for rabbit plasma the value was 0.28 micro mole/100 ml. The total bovine plasma ganglioside fraction contained equal amounts of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids, rabbit plasma gangliosides had about 1% of the latter, and the human plasma sample contained only the former. Thin-layer chromatography revealed important differences among the plasmas from the three species, but all possessed hematosides and hexosamine-containing gangliosides. The approximate ratios of these two categories, based on sialic acid content, were (hematosides: hexosamine-type): human, 2:1; rabbit, 3:2; and bovine, 2:3. The fatty acid compositions of both categories were characteristic of extraneural gangliosides and included six major acids: palmitic, stearic, behenic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, and nervonic. The major long-chain base in each sample was sphingosine, while only a trace of the C(20) isomer was detected.
Risk Revisited: The Perception of HIV Risk in a Community Sample of Low-Income African American Women:

Despite the high rate of HIV infection among low-income African American women, research suggests that perceptions of HIV risk among this population are not elevated compared to other groups. It is evident that an individual’s subjective perception of risk is based on a multiplicity of both internal and external factors, including relationship context and cultural worldview. This study examines the contribution of cultural worldview to low-income African American women’s HIV risk perception. A hierarchical linear regression was conducted on a community sample of low-income African American women (N = 196). Results demonstrate that when partner infidelity was controlled, financial independence and interpersonal control were significant predictors of perceived HIV risk, with lack of power related to elevated levels of perceived risk. When relationship power and HIV knowledge were taken into account, cultural worldview was a significant negative predictor of perceived risk, with high levels of fatalism assoc...
A Cross-Cultural Study of Consumer Attitudes Toward Time

Abstract Since consumer behavior can be considered an activity that occupies time and attitudes toward time and its value differ across cultures, then differences in attitudes toward time may prove to be a meaningful way to segment markets. This study investigates differences in American and Mexican consumers' attitudes toward time. After a brief review of the literature relating to the role of time in consumer behavior, a cross-cultural study of consumer attitudes towards time is described and analyzed. Implications for adapting marketing messages based on culturally-based attitudes toward time are then discussed.
Polymorphism and predation: The effect of invertebrate predation on the distribution of two varieties of Daphnia carinata in South India ponds 1

Two varieties of Daphnia carinata showed a disjunct distribution in four ponds in South India: an exuberant variety, cephalata, was generally restricted to those ponds that did not contain a more usual morph, forma typica, and vice versa. The ponds studied were quite similar except for the presence of large Anisops spp. in the two ponds containing cephalata and their absence or low abundance in those containing forma typica. Experiments showed that the exuberant cephaluta form was frequently able to evade capture and thus was preyed upon at a much lower rate than forma typica. In the absence of such predation, however, forma typicu had the competitive advantage: its survivorship and rate of increase were higher and its feeding rate more rapid. Thus the exuberant morphology of D. carinatu var. cephalutu appears to be an adaptation that reduces invertebrate predation.
Pathogen update: Vibrio species.

Abstract: Members of the genus Vibrio are common inhabitants of the marine environment, associated with vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Some species cause foodborne illness from seafood such as undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge for the human pathogenic Vibrio species. V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne illness worldwide, while V. vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths. While much research has ascertained potential mechanisms of virulence and contributed to a variety of mitigation strategies, there is a need to improve methods to assess risk and to develop improved early warning systems for public health and resource managers.
Sorry, no carnitas: balancing “Food with Integrity” and growth at Chipotle

Synopsis In January, 2015, Chipotle stopped serving pork at a third of its 1,800 restaurants due to its discovery that a pork supplier was not meeting Chipotle’s “Food with Integrity” standards. This case examines the trade-offs Chipotle faced in maintaining its focus on sustainable ingredients as the chain grew rapidly. Demand for healthier ingredients by others in the industry and scalability problems in sustainable agricultural production suggested that supply shortages and higher prices were likely threats to Chipotle’s continued rapid growth. Could Chipotle maintain its commitment to “Food with Integrity” when the supply of sustainable foods failed to meet demand or should the company just buy available ingredients regardless of farming methods? Research methodology This case was developed from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary sources included industry reports, company annual reports, news reports, social media sites and company websites. Primary sources included video interviews wit...
Abstract 36: Sedentary Behavior and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among US Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Background: Sedentary behavior is recognized as a distinct construct that is qualitatively different from lack of physical activity and it has been suggested to be associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Data on relationship between objectively measured sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic biomarkers are sparse, especially among US Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured using Acticala accelerometers for a 7-day period in 12,443 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based study of Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 years recruited from randomly selected households in 4 US cities conducted between 2008 and 2011. Participants with at least 10-hour/day of accelerometer wear on at least three days were included in the current analysis. Sedentary behavior was defined as average accelerometer counts per minute <100. Sedentary time was standardized to 16-hour/day of wear time. Results: The mean sedentary tim...
Abstract 223: ΔNp63α, a p53 family member protein, promotes tumor progression in pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. Targeted therapies thus far have failed to demonstrate survival advantage in PDAC and novel therapies are needed. Mutations in Ras and p53 are frequently found in PDAC and promote cancer cell survival, invasiveness and chemoresistance. In contrast, p63, an ancestral member of p53 family, is rarely mutated in cancer. ΔNp63α was shown to be overexpressed in squamous cell tumors of the lung and head and neck and thus has been implicated in carcinogenesis. We tested expression of p63 isoforms in five PDAC cell lines and investigated its role in tumor progression. Expression of p63 was determined by immunoblotting, real-time quantitative and semi-quantitative PCR in 5 PDAC cell lines. PANC-1 cells, with low levels of p63, were transfected with ΔNp63α cDNA-expressing vector. Conversely, high endogenous p63 levels in T3M4 and BxPC3 cell lines were suppressed by specific shRNA. We studied cell proliferation in a doubling assay, motility in wound assay and invasiveness in Matrigel chambers. We found that pancreatic cancer cell lines predominantly expressed ΔN isoform of p63, and specifically ΔNp63α variant. ΔNp63α protein and transcript levels were high in T3M4, BxPC3 and Colo-357 cell lines and low in ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines. Interestingly, transcript levels of TAp63, a p63 variant implicated in cellular senescence and suppression of metastases, were near the detection threshold in all cell lines. Overexpression of ΔNp63α in PANC-1 cells resulted in increased proliferation and enhanced migration of those cells but had no effect on invasiveness in serum-free conditions. Incubation of ΔNp63α-expressing PANC-1 cells in presence of epidermal growth factor increased both migration and invasiveness. By contrast, shRNA knockdown of endogenous p63 in BxPC3 cells led to decreased proliferation. Silencing p63 in T3M4 cells resulted in attenuated migration in serum-free conditions and decreased migration and invasiveness in response to epidermal growth factor. Thus, ΔNp63α is a predominantly expressed isoform of p63 in PDAC cell lines. ΔNp63α plays an important role in PDAC progression and thus its associated pathways may potentially be therapeutically targeted in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 223. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-223
Therapeutics from Adult Stem Cells and the Hype Curve.

The Gartner curve for regenerative and stem cell therapeutics is currently climbing out of the “trough of disillusionment” and into the “slope of enlightenment”. Understanding that the early years of stem cell therapy relied on the model of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and then moved into a period of the overhype of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), instead of using the model of 40 years of success, i.e. adult stem cells used in bone marrow transplants, the field of stem cell therapy has languished for years, trying to move beyond the early and poorly understood success of bone marrow transplants. Recent studies in the lab and clinic show that adult stem cells of various types, and the molecules that they release, avoid the issues associated with ESCs and iPSCs and lead to better therapeutic outcomes and into the slope of enlightenment.
Design of YIG-Tuned FET Oscillator Covering CX Double-Band

An YIG-tunned FET oscillator covering CX double-band have been designed using dual coupling YIG resonator and unitized design technology. The calculation results of CAD optimization design have been given in impedance circle-figure, and stabilization-circles analyses indicate that the theory design is in accordance with experiment result. The test results show that frequency range of 4-12.6GHz, output power of higher than 13dBm, linearity of ±0.227% and power variation of 8dB are reached.
The significance of intraoperative ventricular fibrillation during aortic valve replacement.

The effect of the spontaneous occurrence of ventricular fibrillation during aortic valve replacement and coronary arterial perfusion was studied in a consecutive series of 361 such operations. All operations were performed in a standard manner before 1972. One fourth of the patients experienced ventricular fibrillation, and the early mortality rate of this group was significantly (p
Phase I Study of Single Agent Ibrutinib in Recurrent/Refractory Primary and Secondary CNS Lymphoma

Abstract BACKGROUND Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. Standard treatment of PCNSL may include radiation, methotrexate-based therapy, and anti-CD20 antibody therapy (rituximab) and is associated with substantial morbidity and treatment recurrence. Outcome and treatment options for patients with recurrent/refractory disease are poor. There is only limited use of targeted agents in this patient population. Ibrutinib has shown promising clinical response in some B-cell malignancies. This phase I trial investigates the maximal tolerated dose of ibrutinib in patients with recurrent/refractory PCNSL and secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL). METHODS Eligible patients had a recurrent or refractory PCNSL or SCNSL, age≥18, KPS≥50, normal end-organ function, and unrestricted number and type of prior therapies. In patients with SCNSL disease, systemic disease needed to be absent or not requiring any active treatment. RESULTS Three patients have been enrolled at dose level 1 (560 mg daily) and one patient at dose level 2 (840mg daily) of whom three were women with a median age of 70 years (range 21-80). Three had recurrent PCNSL and 1 recurrent SCNSL. Two patients presented with parenchymal and two with leptomeningeal relapse. Treatment was generally well tolerated. There was one drug-related grade 4 toxicity (neutropenia) that resolved after the drug was held for 4 days. No drug related grade 3 toxicities have been observed to date. Most common grade 2 toxicities were decreased neutrophil count and hyperglycemia. All patients continue on study at a median follow up of 87 days. Three out of four patient were evaluated for response so far. There were two responses: one complete (in the CSF) and one partial, both in recurrent/refractory PCNSL as well as one stable disease in the patient with recurrent SCNSL. The patient with partial response had failed multiple prior treatment regimens including methotrexate-based chemotherapy, radiation, and rituximab/temozolomide. Serum and CSF pharmacokinetic analysis is initiated. Dose level 2 (840mg) is accruing. CONCLUSION Patients with CNS lymphoma tolerate Ibrutinib at 560 and 840mg well. Dose escalation will continue. Targeted agents might be an alternative therapeutic approach to be investigated for refractory/recurrent CNS lymphoma patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Look at Economic Sanctions from a Business Perspective

Numerous articles have been written on economic sanctions over the past few decades. Most papers take an overall approach, focusing on the utilities and dis-utilities of sanctions in general or on a specific sanction. While this paper also looks at general aspects of sanctions, it goes beyond the usual focus and also examines some particular aspects of economic sanctions that are often overlooked in both the economic and ethical literature. Rather than limiting itself to utilitarian aspects of sanction policy, the paper also applies other ethical approaches to evaluate whether sanctions pass the ethical test. The possibility of compensation for losses caused by the imposition of sanctions is also discussed. A bibliography with links to more than 100 trade articles is also included.
Mineral Potential Mapping in an Accreted Island-Arc Setting Using Aeromagnetic Data: An Example from Southwest Alaska

The distribution of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), porphyry-epithermal, Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes, intrusion-related Au, and granitoid Sn-W ore deposits in southwest Alaska supports current metallogenic models linking the formation of these deposit types to the emplacement of different suites of igneous rocks during the evolution of this convergent plate margin. Regional-scale aeromagnetic data provide a continuous set of observations over the deposits and show contrasting patterns over the igneous rock suites hosting the various deposit types. Combined with surface geologic data and regional metallogenic constraints, aeromagnetic data—filtered to enhance the anomalous magnetic field and map magnetic domains—were used to produce a mineral potential map across this accreted island-arc setting. The reduced-to-pole, upward continuation, and total horizontal gradient transform maps show anomalies that could represent porphyry-epithermal deposits within the intraoceanic- and continental-arc terranes. The tilt derivative transform highlights lineaments within the back arc that may represent zones with potential for VMS deposits. The truncations of tilt derivative lineaments outline a major magnetic domain boundary between the back-arc and craton margin, which is prospective for granitoid Sn-W deposits. Annular tilt derivative highs outline granitoids that could be associated with intrusion-related Au deposits within the craton margin. Shallow, magnetite-rich Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes are mapped by their short-wavelength, high-amplitude anomalies. Successful mineral potential mapping across southwestern Alaska as performed in the present study suggests that filtered aeromagnetic data can be effectively used in mineral exploration in convergent continental margin settings.
Distinguishing distribution dynamics from temporary emigration using dynamic occupancy models

1. Dynamic occupancy models are popular for estimating dynamic distribution rates (colonization and extinction) from repeated presence/absence surveys of unmarked animals. This approach assumes closure among repeated samples within primary periods, allowing estimation of dynamic rates between these periods. However, the impact of temporary emigration (reversible changes in sampling availability) on dynamic rate estimates, has not been tested. 2. Using simulated data, we investigated the degree to which temporary emigration could mislead researchers interested in quantifying dynamics. We then compared results from three avian point count datasets to evaluate the likelihood that temporary emigration confounds estimates of dynamics for 19 species under a popular sampling protocol. 3. Simulated experiments indicated that when secondary periods were open to temporary emigration, presence of dynamics was correctly identified ≥ 95.1% of the time, and dynamic rate estimates were accurate. However, dynamic rate estimates were biased when secondary periods were closed to temporary emigration. In empirical datasets, dynamic occupancy models had greater support than closed models for all species when secondary sampling periods occurred in immediate succession (i.e., 3 samples within 10 minutes); however, our results suggest that this is because these estimates were heavily influenced by temporary emigration. When counts within a primary period were separated by 24-48 hours, we found evidence of dynamics for less than half of these species. We recommend an alternative sampling approach that allows accurate estimation of dynamic rates when temporary emigration is of no interest, and introduce a novel model for estimating both processes simultaneously in rare cases where they are both of biological interest. 4. Concern for violating the occupancy modeling closure assumption has led to widespread recommendations that samples within primary periods be conducted extremely close in time. However, this may not be the best approach when interest is in quantifying dynamic rates. While dynamic occupancy models provide estimates of ‘colonization’ and ‘extinction,’ these values do not inherently represent dynamics unless temporary emigration has been explicitly modeled, or accounted for with sampling design. Naivete to this fact can result in incorrect conclusions about biological processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Capnocytophaga keratitis 1

Purpose To review the clinical course, treatment, and visual outcomes of keratitis caused by the gram negative rod Capnocytophaga. Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants Ten patients with culture-proven unilateral Capnocytophaga keratitis examined at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998. Intervention All patients underwent standard diagnostic microbiologic evaluation, and topical antimicrobial therapy was instituted. A penetrating keratoplasty or enucleation was performed in some patients. Main outcome measures The changes in visual acuity and clinical response to antimicrobial therapy. Results Predisposing factors were present in all patients. Cultures identified Capnocytophaga species at a mean of 7.5 days. Initial topical treatment consisted of an aminoglycoside and vancomycin in four patients, a quinolone or aminoglycoside alone in two patients each, and ofloxacin with vancomycin or tobramycin with ceftazidime in one patient each. After the microbiologic identification of Capnocytophaga, treatment in four patients was changed to intensive, topical clindamycin. Five of the 10 eyes were medically cured (3 of these eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty for corneal scarring), and 5 eyes required enucleation. The indications for enucleation included persistent infection with development of endophthalmitis or blind, painful eye. Five of the 10 eyes achieved 20/80 or better final visual acuity. Four of these five eyes were treated with topical clindamycin. Conclusions Important factors in achieving a good visual outcome in Capnocytophaga keratitis include early microbiologic identification and intensive therapy with topical clindamycin. Capnocytophaga should be included in the differential diagnosis of bacterial keratitis in patients with suggestive predisposing factors or with protracted keratitis unresponsive to treatment.
Estimating the Likelihood of Wireless Coexistence Using Logistic Regression: Emphasis on Medical Devices

Medical device manufacturers incorporate wireless technology in their designs to offer convenience and agility to both patients and caregivers. However, the use of unlicensed radio spectrum bands by both medical devices and other equipment raises concerns about wireless coexistence. Work by the accredited standards committee C63 of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to provide the community with a consensus standard for coexistence evaluation resulted in the publication of the ANSI C63.27 standard, which was later recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Estimating the likelihood of wireless coexistence of a system under test (SUT) in a given environment is central to the evaluation and reporting of wireless coexistence, as made clear in the C63.27 standard. However, no method to perform this estimation is provided. In this paper, we propose the use of logistic regression (LR) to estimate the likelihood of wireless coexistence of a medical device in its intended environment. Radiated open environment coexistence testing was used to realize a test scenario in which the interfering network was IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi and the SUT was ZigBee; exemplary wireless technologies for interfering network and medical device, respectively. LR model fitting was then performed to derive a model that describes the performance of SUT under a range of wireless coexistence phenomena. Finally, results were incorporated with the outcome of a spectrum survey using Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the SUT likelihood of wireless coexistence in a hospital environment.
Electron-capture delayed fission properties of 242 Es

Electron-capture delayed fission of ${}^{242}\mathrm{Es}$ produced via the ${}^{233}\mathrm{U}{(}^{14}\mathrm{N}{,5n)}^{242}\mathrm{Es}$ reaction at 87 MeV (on target) was observed to decay with a half-life of $11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\mathrm{s},$ consistent with the reported \ensuremath{\alpha}-decay half-life of ${}^{242}\mathrm{Es}$ of ${16}_{\ensuremath{-}4}^{+6}\mathrm{s}.$ The mass-yield distribution of the fission fragments is highly asymmetric. The average pre-neutron emission total kinetic energy of the fragments was measured to be $183\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}18\mathrm{MeV}.$ Based on the ratio of the measured number of fission events to the measured number of \ensuremath{\alpha} decays from the electron-capture daughter ${}^{242}\mathrm{Cf}$ (100% \ensuremath{\alpha} branch), the probability of delayed fission was determined to be $0.006\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002.$ This value for the delayed fission probability fits the experimental trend of increasing delayed fission probability with increasing Q value for electron capture.
An Analysis of Recidivism, Using the Truncated Lognormal Distribution

The timing of return to criminal activity is analysed for men who have been released from prison. The dependent variable analysed is the length of time between release and first arrest leading to a conviction; a truncated lognormal distribution was found to fit the data well. The results of the analysis are presented and related points considered.
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis

Omphaloceles and gastroschises are the most common congenital abdominal wall defects. The incidence of omphaloceles is 1:3000–4000 births in western countries (Wilson and Johnson, Fetal Diagn Ther 19:385–398, 2004). The incidence of gastroschises is between 1.10/10,000 and 5.1/10,000 (Zaccara et al., J Pediatr Surg 38:478–481, 2003). There is a rising incidence of both gastroschisis and omphalocele (Fig. 41.1). For gastroschisis, it is secondary to improved antenatal monitoring (Fig. 41.2) and increased interaction with environmental factors (Jones et al., Clin Genet 74:322–325, 2009). It appears to affect babies born to young, first-time mothers with low socioeconomic status and poor maternal diet (Goldbaum et al., Teratology 42:397–403, 1990; Siega-Riz et al., Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 23:51–57, 2009). Omphalocele is seen more commonly in mothers at the two ends of the reproductive age and babies born with assisted conception (Kong et al., J Pediatr Surg 51:1644–1649, 2016). The complexity of omphaloceles and gastroschises can vary greatly, affecting perioperative care. Strategies for repair have evolved. Both require significant attention and stabilization before surgical intervention.
Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, and Learning Disabilities

The psychological evaluation of attention deficit disorders, hyperactivity, and learning disabilities encompasses a vast domain. In addition to such standard assessment procedures as clinical interviews, completion of rating scales by significant adults, and administration of intellectual and achievement measures, the assessor may profitably employ a diversity of nontraditional tools, including peer sociometric ratings, neuro-psychological test batteries, and observations of classroom, playground, and parent-child interactions. Furthermore, a host of specific measures of the key constructs of attention, impulsivity, motor activity, and learning have been developed, yielding a wide (and potentially confusing) array of assessment instruments. The focus of this chapter will be on those evaluation procedures that demonstrate the greatest utility for defining key characteristics, identifying homogeneous subgroups, plan-ning for intervention, and assessing treatment outcome.
REFLECTIVE PROBING OF LASER GENERATED kbar SHOCKS IN WATER

There is considerable evidence that the chemistry of shock waves in condensed media is nonthermal. Understanding observed anomolies has been difficult because of the scarcity of systematic relevant data. We discuss a novel experimental approach to allow high data rate surveys to be made of molecular energetic and chemical phenomena under shock loading. This approach is based on the use of laser driven shock generation and subsequent fast (psec to nsec) laser spectroscopic interrogation. As a demonstration of the capability of lasers to generate shocks of sufficient magnitude, 30 kbar compressional waves were generated in water using a modest sized laser driver. The shock pressure and velocity were independently measured using a laser reflective probe technique. Critical experiments are proposed.
Functional Genomics for Cancer Research: Applications In Vivo and In Vitro

Functional genomics holds great promise for the dissection of cancer biology. The elucidation of genetic cooperation and molecular details that govern oncogenesis, metastasis, and response to thera...
Abstract P3013: Infusion of Recombinant Human Thioredoxin-1 Completely Protects Against High Fat-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Small Mesenteric Arteries From Male C57bl6/j Mice

Background: Obesity is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A high fat diet results in cellular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in resistance-sized arteries, characterize...
MALDI imaging directed laser ablation tissue microsampling for data independent acquisition proteomics

A multimodal workflow for mass spectrometry imaging was developed that combines MALDI imaging with protein identification and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thin tissue sections were analyzed by MALDI imaging, and the regions of interest (ROI) were identified using a smoothing and edge detection procedure. A midinfrared laser at 3-μm wavelength was used to remove the ROI from the brain tissue section after MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). The captured material was processed using a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) method and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using ion mobility (IM) enhanced data independent acquisition (DIA) to identify and quantify proteins; more than 600 proteins were identified. Using a modified database that included isoform and the post-translational modifications chain, loss of the initial methionine, and acetylation, 14 MALDI MSI peaks were identified. Comparison of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the identified proteins was achieved through an evolutionary relationships classification system.
Intrinsic oxidative stress and aberrations in mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial mass in primary leukemia cells from CLL patients

4432 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of adult leukemia in the Western hemisphere. In spite of its prevalence, many of the biochemical and molecular features of this disease remain unclear. Previous studies by our group established that CLL cells from patients with prior chemotherapy generated significantly higher basal levels of cellular superoxide radicals (O2-, p = 0.0029) and had significantly higher heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation frequencies than cells from untreated patients (p = 0.0079). Considering that oxidative stress has been known to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and that cells from CLL patients with prior chemotherapy generate higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that increased superoxide content in CLL cells may lead to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and thus, increased mitochondrial mass. To test this hypothesis, we obtained blood specimens from CLL patients with and without prior chemotherapy with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide-based regimen, and assessed the relationship between the basal levels of O2- generation and mitochondrial mass. The cellular superoxide was measured by flow cytometry analysis using hydroethidine as an O2- sensitive dye. Cells isolated from previously treated patients generated higher basal levels of O2- than the CLL cells from untreated patients (p= 0.0156). Cellular mitochondrial mass of the primary cells derived from each patient was determined by flow cytometry using Mitotracker Green. These analyses revealed that the mitochondrial mass of CLL cells from patients with prior chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of cells from obtained from untreated patients (p=0.0078). There appears to be a positive correlation between cellular O2- and mitochondrial mass. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CLL cells in general contained higher numbers of mitochondria per cell than normal lymphocytes, suggesting that increased mitochondrial biogenesis may be associated with mtDNA mutations and the subsequent alterations of energy metabolism in CLL cells. Taken together, the data suggest that oxidative stress, caused either by endogenous or exogenous factors, may contribute to the increased mitochondrial mass in CLL cells.
Nonlinear dynamics of imperfectly-supported pipes conveying fluid

Abstract In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of a pipe imperfectly supported at the upstream end and free at the other and conveying fluid is investigated. The imperfect support is modelled via cubic translational and rotational springs. The equation of motion is obtained via Hamilton’s principle for an open system, and the Galerkin method is used for discretizing the resulting partial differential equation. The dynamics of a system with either strong rotational or strong translational stiffness is examined in details. Numerical results show that similarly to a cantilevered pipe, the system undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation leading to period-1 limit cycle oscillations. The Hopf bifurcation may, however, occur at a much lower flow velocity compared to the perfect system. At higher flow velocities, quasi-periodic and chaotic-like motions may be observed. The amplitude of transverse displacement is generally much higher than that for a cantilevered pipe, mainly due to large-amplitude rigid-body motion. In addition, effects of the mass ratio, internal dissipation, hardening- or softening-type nonlinearity, as well as concentrated- or distributed-type nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system are examined.
Rethinking the Role of Courts in Resolving Family Conflicts

Family courts have been a central focus of the national problem-solving courts movement over the last three decades. These courts have sought to replace the law and process oriented adversary model with a more collaborative and interdisciplinary regime that de-emphasizes legal norms and focuses on therapeutic goals. While the new paradigm may be an improvement over its more adversary predecessor, it presents significant risks for many who appear in these courts. A growing consensus is emerging among scholars, policy makers and family law practitioners that the focus for much of family dispute resolution should shift from courts to the community. This Essay begins by situating family courts in the world of problem-solving courts. Part 2 summarizes the critique of the adversary system’s approach to family conflicts, particularly to resolve child access disputes. It discusses the ways in which the problem-solving family courts seek to respond to this critique, providing a context to understand the current popularity of such courts. Part 3 explores a number of concerns scholars and practitioners have raised about problem-solving courts and raises specific concerns about the way family courts have implemented the core principles. For both demographic and doctrinal reasons, the impact has been felt most directly by low-income families. Finally, this Essay concludes with a recommendation designed to reap the benefits of the problem-solving model while limiting the risks identified in this Essay.