cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ergot toxicity from high-dose dihydroergotamine for intractable migraine headache

ABSTRACTA 42-year-old woman entered the hospital for treatment of intractable migraine. She received dihydroergotamine (DHE) 1 mg IV every 8 hours. Two days later, her blood pressure was unobtainable, but DHE treatment continued for two more doses. Her total dose of 10.5 mg DHE in 72 hours exceeded FDA approved doses. Her symptoms progressed to painful tingling and numbness in the hands and feet with cold and intermittently blue feet. CT angiogram demonstrated arterial constriction of the superficial femoral, popliteal, and tibial arteries. Oral nifedipine, IV heparin infusion, and IV nitroprusside were ineffective. Four days after symptom onset, she began receiving intra-arterial papaverine, which reduced her vasoconstriction. She had persistent disability more than 15 months later. Factitious hypotension is an early sign of vascular ergotism, which requires prompt recognition and treatment with a vasodilator.
Impact of duration of induction therapy on survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients undergoing upfront autologous stem cell transplantation.

The optimal duration of induction therapy (IT) in transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients in not well defined, resulting in a wide variation in clinical practice. The objective of our study was to determine whether the duration of IT in patients undergoing upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has an impact on progression-free survival (PFS) in the era of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. A total of 596 patients who underwent ASCT at Mayo Clinic between 2007 and 2014 were included. The patients were divided into two cohorts based on the duration of IT: IT ≤ 4 and IT > 4 months. At a median follow-up of 54·5 months from ASCT, the median PFS in the IT ≤ 4 group was 28 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 25-33], compared to 26 months in the IT > 4 group (95% CI, 24-31) [P = 0·605]. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) in the two groups (P = 0·904). The lack of impact of IT duration on PFS and OS was consistent in subgroups with high-risk features at diagnosis (International Staging System III or high-risk cytogenetics) and different depths of pre-transplant response [≥very good partial response (VGPR) and <VGPR]. In conclusion, prolonging the duration of IT beyond 4 months does not impact survival in patients with newly diagnosed MM who complete a single line of IT followed by consolidation with ASCT.
Data Mining with SQL Server 2008 Business Intelligence Development Studio A Hands-on Approach

Data mining is an emerging field of study in Information Systems programs. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a hands-on approach on how to utilize SQL Server 2008 Business Intelligence platforms to teach a senior level data mining methods class in an Information Systems program. Our intention is to highlight the capabilities of the platform to faculty currently teaching a business intelligence course and are interested in expanding their teaching portfolio to the data mining area with hands-on exercises and projects. The platform allows faculty to focus on teaching the analytical aspects of data mining and the usage of algorithms through practical hands-on demonstrations, homework assignments and projects. As a result, students are expected to gain a conceptual understanding of data mining and the application of data mining algorithms for the purpose of decision support. Such a platform allows faculty to provide a comprehensive coverage of the topic with practical hands-on experience. The availability of this set of tools transforms the role of a student from a programmer of data mining algorithms (doing low level IT) to a business intelligence analyst. Workshop Leader Information (Please attach a copy of your resume in your email submission) Name: Musa J Jafar Affiliation: Information & Decision Management Dept. West Texas AM Speakers background: Our attached vitas detail our academic background and education. We have been teaching a senior level data mining methods class for the past three years. We published two pedagogy papers and gave a conference workshop on the topic similar to the one we are proposing for AMCIS-2010. Description of the Workshop and envisioned Activities: 1. To establish a common base, we will start with an introduction to data mining. In the mean time we will also help interested faculty to install SQL Server Business Intelligence development studio on their machines and configure it to connect to our machine that will act as the data mining engine server via a wireless router. 2. We will introduce the concept of association analysis, then we provide a hands on exercise on the topic. 3. We will introduce the concept of classification analysis which includes decision trees, naive Bayes and neural networks, then we provide hands on exercises on the topic. We will also introduce model comparisons and lift charts with hands-on exercises. 4. We will introduce the concept of cluster analysis , then we provide a hands-on exercise on the topic. 5. We will use public domain data sets such as the Iris and Mushrooms data sets from the UCI repository. Special Requirements Note: Regular equipment includes a computer, projector and screen. ( ) Computers ( ) Internet Access ( X) Others, Please specify: ______Two overhead projectors to minimize the switching between the slides and the demo. It will allow us to use one laptop for the presentation and another one for the demo.________________
Dependence of Oxygen Transfer Rate on Energy Dissipation during Surface Aeration and in Stream Flow

The transfer rate of oxygen from the aqueous phase to the atmosphere is approximately proportional to the power dissipation per unit volume. Such proportionality has been observed in mechanical surface aeration as well as natural waters. For oxygen transfer, the coefficient of proportionality is estimated as approximately 2.5 × 10−5 (m3 •W−1 •s−1) based on mechanical aeration experiments in the laboratory, compared to 3.6 × 10−5 to 7.2 × 10−5 (m•W −1•s−1) for standard clean water testa of large-scale surface aerators, and to approximately 1.8 × 10−5 (m3•W−1 •s−1) for observations of natural stream reaeration. Surface renewal theory predicts a weaker dependence of mass transfer on power dissipation.
Clinical use of qualitative electromyography in the evaluation of jaw muscle function: a practitioner's guide.

(2007). Clinical Use of Qualitative Electromyography in the Evaluation of Jaw Muscle Function: A Practitioner's Guide. CRANIO®: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 63-73.
Chapter 30 – THE RETURN OF CONCEPT EMPIRICISM

In this chapter, I outline and defend a version of concept empiricism. The theory has four central tenets: concepts represent categories by reliable causal relations to category instances; conceptual representations of categories vary from occasion to occasion; these representations are perceptually based; and these representations are all learned, not innate. The last two tenets on this list have been central to empiricism historically, while the first two have been developed in more recent years. I look at each in turn, and then I discuss the most obvious objection to empiricism: that some concepts cannot be perceptually based because they represent things that are abstract, and hence unperceivable. I discuss two standard examples: democracy and moral badness. I argue that both can be explained using resources available to the empiricist.
Multilingualism and Acculturation in Catalonia: An Analysis of Muslim Immigrant Women

espanolDebido al continuo influjo de inmigracion en Cataluna, el multilinguismo se ha convertido en la base de esta region. Aun asi, el catalan y el espanol siguen como los idiomas dominantes de la comunicacion cotidiana, y los inmigrantes se enfrentan al desafio de adoptar identidades linguisticas en ambos. Este proceso de doble aculturacion puede durar de generacion en generacion y puede ser afectado por una variedad de factores socioculturales. Ademas, la motivacion para aculturarse puede estar enraizada en la propia identidad compleja que se construye en diferentes contextos socioculturales, una conexion que Norton (2000) ha conceptualizado como "inversion." Este estudio examina la inversion en espanol y catalan entre las mujeres inmigrantes musulmanas, y los factores socioculturales que la influyen. Este estudio se basa en datos recopilados de 34 mujeres inmigrantes musulmanas de diversos origenes geograficos. Los resultados indican que una variedad de factores afecta la relacion entre las informantes y sus identidades linguisticas, a menudo de maneras dispares. Ademas, las informantes de primera y segunda generacion presentaron distintas experiencias con la aculturacion, lo que sugiere que es un proceso transgeneracional. Finalmente, las respuestas de las informantes tambien sugieren que su inversion linguistica se basa en su identidad de genero y religiosa. EnglishOwing to the continuous influx of immigration in Catalonia, multilingualism has become the bedrock of this region. Still, Catalan and Spanish remain the dominant languages of everyday communication and immigrants are faced with the challenge of adopting both Spanish and Catalan linguistic identities. This dual acculturation process can span across generations and can be impacted by a variety of sociocultural factors. Additionally, motivation to acculturate can be rooted in individuals’ own complex identities that are constructed in different sociocultural contexts, a connection that Norton (2000) has conceptualized as “investment.” This study examines Muslim immigrant women’s investment in Spanish and Catalan, as well as the sociocultural factors that play a role in this investment. The present study relies on data gathered from 34 Muslim immigrant women from diverse geographic backgrounds. Findings indicate that a variety of factors impact informants’ relationship with their linguistic identities, often in disparate ways. Furthermore, first and second-generation informants presented distinct experiences with acculturation, suggesting that it is a transgenerational process. Finally, informants’ responses also suggest that their linguistic investment is informed by their gendered and religious identity.
Seat Safety and Female (Under)representation in the U.S. Congress

Women have made significant strides toward equal representation within the U.S. Congress, but their seat share has mostly increased within the Democratic—but not Republican—Party. We argue that one driver of women’s underrepresentation among Republicans is the proliferation of safe seats. Because safe seats encourage ideological extremism in candidates and because women are stereotyped as more liberal than men, we expect women candidates to outperform men in safer Democratic seats but underperform men in safer Republican seats (relative to more competitive seats). Based on a new dataset linking all candidates for the U.S. House and their districts’ partisan composition since 2000, we show women both enter and win elections in safer Republican (Democratic) seats at relatively lower (higher) rates than men. Our results strikingly suggest that, even conditional on running, a female Republican candidate has an overall better chance of winning in a competitive seat than in a safe Republican seat.
Unexpected Long-Range and Local Neuronal Secretory Trafficking Pathways Revealed with ZapERtrap: A Light Inducible ER Release System

For normal synapse and circuit function, neurons must regulate the abundance and localization of transmembrane receptor, channel and adhesion proteins over vast cellular expanses, including remote sites in dendrites and axons. Whether the secretory network can support long-range trafficking of synaptic proteins synthesized in the cell body or precise trafficking of locally generated proteins at remote sites remains poorly characterized. We developed an approach for locally triggering secretory trafficking from specific subcellular domains to explore the rate, activity dependence and cargo-specificity of central and remote trafficking networks. Surprisingly, different postsynaptic proteins processed in the cell body were transported deep into dendrites, but with strikingly different kinetics, spatial distributions and activity dependencies. Proteins locally processed in dendrites were broadly dispersed prior to surface insertion, but could be directed locally to synapses. These results provide a novel interrogation of compartmentalized trafficking and reveal basic principles for protein targeting in complex cellular environments.
Omega versus alpha precipitation mediated by process parameters in additively manufactured high strength Ti–1Al–8V–5Fe alloy and its impact on mechanical properties

Abstract The high strength metastable β-Ti alloy, Ti–1Al–8V–5Fe (wt%), also referred to as Ti-185, has been successfully processed using the directed energy deposition (DED) based laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process, obviating the beta fleck problem associated with Fe micro-segregation that has been reported in conventionally processed counterparts. The large solidification range for this alloy resulted in finer scale equiaxed β grains in the as deposited condition for a range of process parameters, unlike the large columnar grains observed in case of AM of other titanium alloys such as Ti–6Al–4V. Furthermore, based on the process parameters, a homogeneous distribution of fine scale ω or α precipitates form within the β grains, which has been rationalized based on quantitative thermo-kinetic modelling of a multi-layered deposition process. Atom probe tomography results indicate early stages of β/ω compositional partitioning, leading to a higher tensile yield strength, close to 1000 MPa, as compared to the solution treated/quenched condition of conventionally processed Ti-185. Homogeneous fine scale α precipitation, with a more pronounced compositional partitioning, resulted in an exceptional yield strength exceeding 1200 MPa in the as-processed condition.
What’s better than a biscuit?: Gourmetization and the transformation of a Southern food staple

In this article, we applied Wendy Griswold’s concepts of cultural objects and the cultural diamond to examine how a specific food—Southern style biscuits—underwent gourmetization. We provide eviden...
Handbook on Cross-Cultural Marketing: Edited by Glen H. Brodowsky and Camille P. Schuster. Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK 2020. 304 pp. ISBN 978-1 78897 8538. List price: $171.00. Hardcover.

“Every human is like all other humans, some other humans, and no other human.” Clyde Kluckhohn, Cultural Anthropologist“The stranger sees only what he knows.” African ProverbEven as the world popul...
Etiologic Perspectives on Depression in Childhood

What makes children depressed? Although there is evidence that bipolar depression is strongly influenced by genetic factors (e.g., Meyersberg & Post, 1979), the evidence is far less clear for unipolar depression. A number of theories have been postulated to account for the development of depression (see Chapter 23 in this volume). In this chapter, we focus primarily on unipolar depression in children and attempt to identify and evaluate those factors that may contribute to its onset.
Intrusion Bonding of Nickel and Zirconia

On a realise un soudage par intrusion de Ni et ZrO 2 en pressant une poudre de zircone stabilisee par CaO sur une feuille de nickel a 55 MN/m 2 et 1573 o K. On examine l'influence des parametres experimentaux sur l'etendue de la zone d'intrusion. On compare les liaisons obtenues par intrusion avec les liaisons obtenues par diffusion
The complex future of hydrogeology

Devin L. GallowayKeywords Hydrogeologicresearch . Heterogeneity .Uncertainty . Generalhydrogeology . USAThe natural sciences and science in general, arechallenged by the shifting social paradigm towards syn-thesisandsystemsapproachestoimprovingunderstanding.In hydrogeology, this is leading to more interdisciplinaryresearch and applications, and to more complexity at thecoupling interfaces of related disciplines. A principalchallenge is ﬁnding an optimal balance between reduc-tionistandinterdisciplinaryscience.Reductionistscienceisthreatened by the shift in emphasis and resources towardinterdisciplinary science. This shift, driven largely by afocus on ecosystems approaches, may overlook many gapsin synthesis within disciplines. Many complex sciencequestions within hydrogeology and at the interfaces withrelated disciplines are best addressed through a combina-tion of interdisciplinary and reductionist research.The underlying philosophy of hydrogeology empha-sizes the societal importance of water resources and theinterdisciplinary role hydrogeology plays in its character-ization (Narasimhan 2005, 2007; Fryar 2007). Meinzerrecognized the inherent interdisciplinary foundation ofhydrogeology (Narasimhan 2005;Fryar2007), andappealed to colleagues to consider groundwater as morethan a mineral resource because its optimum developmentshould be perennially secure—“It is an exceedinglyimportant and fascinating undertaking that should contrib-ute much to permanent human welfare.” (Meinzer 1946).Fryar (2007) notes: “[...] the most enduring [of Meinzer’s]perspectives are those of the societal relevance of hydro-geology, the need to balance practical studies withfundamental research, and the evolution of scientiﬁcthought.”Since the mid-twentieth century, quantiﬁcation andmodeling has been a principal focus of hydrogeologiccharacterization and research, and in recent years, this trendhas been accelerating (Merriam 2004). Hydrogeology ischallenged by complex issues of heterogeneity and uncer-tainty. Arguably, quantitative capabilities may exceedcapacitytoreliablysimulatecomplexEarthscienceprocessesin deterministic ways (Hubbert 1974; Narasimhan 2007).Some argue, for different reasons, that much hydro-geologic research is follow-on, limited-impact science thatfails to contribute signiﬁcantly to ongoing applications(Schwartz and Ibaraki 2001; Miller and Gray 2002).Activity in particular research ‘strands’ and ‘ﬁelds’(assemblage of strands such as contaminant hydrogeol-ogy) is interpreted to follow a growth curve (Fig. 1;Schwartz et al. 2005; Schwartz and Fang 2008). Perhapsthe natural sciences including hydrogeology have reacheda knowledge limit (Fig. 1, stage IV). Narasimhan (2007)argues that “[...] emerging knowledge indicates that thenature of Earth and biological systems transcends thelimits of science, questioning the premise of knowing,prediction, and control.” Perhaps a new premise needs tobe adopted, one that recognizes the imposed constraints ofthese transcendent systems and pursues knowledge ofadaptation to Nature (Narasimhan 2007).
Rhodium: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry

The element and its binary compounds are discussed, including specific discussions of the range of available oxidation states. Complexes of Rhodium(I), (II), and (III) receive attention, together with a discussion of nitrosyl complexes. Keywords: nitrosyl; zone refining; complexation
Low Authority Control of a Composite Cantilever Beam in Two Dimensions

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental results of active vibration control of a cantilevered S-Glass composite beam using PVF 2 film as a low authority distributed control actuator. The beam is approrximately ? in. × ? in. × 12 in. with a small mass mounted at the free end. The Lyapunov stability criteria is used to derive a control algorithm for the active damper based on angular rate feedback of the free end of the beam. The algorithm is stable for all vibrational modes of the beam. Experimental results are presented which show the increase in damping produced by the PVF 2 actuators for the first two modes of vibration of the beam. The damping ratio for the first mode was increased from .2061 to .6588, and the increase for the second mode was from .1402 to .5482 (these results are with the electromagnetic excitation source oriented in the +y direction).
Theoretical decomposition of neuronal networks

An approach to the calculation of the unobservable elements of the hippocampal formation is presented. The approach is based on characterizing the transformational properties of this neuronal structure using the kernels of a functional power series expansion. In this approach the network properties are characterized as the composite of input/output functions measured for each subsystem in the network. The multidimensional Laplace transforms are then computed and manipulated to provide an estimate of the transformation properties of the unobservable elements. >
Multivariate fault detection with convex hull

We propose a multivariate trending for aircraft fault detection. Multivariate trending generate fault indicators using output sensor data, is one of black-box approach. We use convex polygon for the computation of a rough shape or extent of the normal data set. Quickhull algorithm is used for the hull finding because it is simpler and uses less memory. It is assumed that the normal data points are in general position, so that their convex hull is a simple complex. We represent a d-dimensional convex hull by its vertices and (d-1)-dimensional faces. From multivariate trend analysis, if we find the measurements have the tendency to leave the convex polygon, this measurement can be labeled as a fault. If a new point is above all hyperplane of the convex hull, it is outside the convex polygon.
PBI (Polybenzimidazole): Synthesis, Properties and Applications

PBI (polybenzimidazole) is a thermally stable high performace polymer. In a variety of forms, e.g. fibers, neat resin and composites, PBI finds use in a wide range of high temperature applications. The synthesis of PBI, and properties, and applications of fiber and molded resin are discussed. Also included are recent developments in composite fabrication technology and PBI composite applications in carbonlcarbon composites.
Hierarchical Bayes Models for Variability

This chapter discusses the Bayesian framework for expanding common likelihood functions introduced in earlier chapters to include additional variability. This variability can be over time, among sources, etc.
Sustaining motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis of training studies

Background and Aims Previous research indicates that motivational interviewing (MI) skills decline over time among participants in training workshops when post-workshop feedback and coaching are not provided. This study explored moderators of skill retention among trainees learning MI mainly for substance use disorder treatment in real-world treatment settings, including workshop enhancements and type and dose of post-workshop feedback and coaching. Methods A meta-analysis of training studies was conducted with studies that reported MI skills using observational measures and that included trainees from real-world agency settings. Standardized change scores were calculated to indicate the magnitude of pre–post training change in MI skills; standardized change scores from posttraining to 3 and 6+ months follow-up were calculated to indicate the sustainability of training gains over time. Effect sizes were aggregated using random effects models. Results Twenty-one papers that reported the effects of MI training on agency staff were included in this review. Across studies, training yielded gains in MI skills (d = 0.76). Studies that did not include feedback and/or coaching reported eroding skills over a 6-month follow-up (d =− 0.30), whereas post-workshop feedback/coaching sustained skills (d = 0.03). Effects of post-workshop feedback/coaching were moderated by frequency, duration and length of training. Moreover, studies reporting low levels of attrition from training protocols showed small increases in skills over the 6-month follow-up period (d = 0.12), whereas studies with high attrition showed skill erosion (d =− 0.29). Conclusions On average, three to four feedback/coaching sessions over a 6-month period sustain skills among trainees for motivational interviewing, mainly for substance use disorder treatment. However, high rates of attrition from feedback/coaching contributes to post-workshop skill erosion.
Color and Morphology of Lava Flows on Io

Abstract Analyses of color and morphologic changes in Voyager images of lava flows on Io were conducted to extend previous flow studies to additional volcanoes in preparation for comparison to Galileo data. Blue and orange filter images of Atar, Daedalus, and Ra Paterae were examined to identify systematic downflow decreases in blue/orange reflectivity suggested in earlier studies as diagnostic of color changes in cooled sulfur flows. Analyses of the color and morphology of 21 lava flows were conducted at these volcanoes, with additional morphologic analysis of lava flows at Agni, Masaaw, Mbali, Shoshu, and Talos Paterae. A total of 66 lava flows of up to 245 km in length were mapped to identify morphologic changes consistent with the rheologic changes expected to occur in sulfur flows. Although downflow color changes are observed, the trends are not consistent, even at the same edifice. Individual flows exhibit a statistically significant increase in blue/orange ratio, decrease in blue/orange ratio, or a lack of progressive downflow color variation. Color changes have similar magnitudes downflow and across flow, and the color ranges observed are similar from volcano to volcano, suggesting that similar processes are controlling color ratios at these edifices. In addition, using flow widening and branching as an indicator of the low viscosity exhibited by sulfur cooling from high temperatures, these flows do not exhibit morphologic changes consistent with the systematic behavior expected from the simple progressive cooling of sulfur.
Progressive contextualization: Methods for research in human ecology

Theoretically or practically significant research results concerning transitory as well as persistent phenomena can be obtained by human ecologists while avoiding commitment to long-term, expensive projects, rigid frameworks, traditional disciplinary goals, and unwarranted assumptions about the stability and purposiveness of units or systems. The procedures to be followed, as illustrated by research on people-forest interactions in East Kalimantan, involve a focus on significant human activities or people-environment interactions and the explanation of these by their placement within progressively wider or denser contexts. Guides for progressively contextualizing activities or interactions include a rationality principle, comparative knowledge of contexts, and the principle of pursuing the surprising.
Boron-Nitrogen Compounds. 92 [1]. Spectroscopic Studies on Bis(dimethylamino)boranes

The vibrational spectra of bis(dimethylamino)boranes, [(CH3)2N]2BX with X H, D, CH3 or CD3 have been examined and assignments to the fundamental vibrations are supported by the results of a normal coordinate analysis. In addition, some nuclear magnetic resonance data on bis(dimethylamino)boranes are discussed. Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen. 92. Spektroskopische untersuchungen an bis(dimethylamino)boranen Die schwingungsspektren von bis(dimethylamino)boranen [(CH3)2N]2BX mit X H, D, CH3 und CD3 wurden aufgenommen; die Zuordnungen zu den Grundschwingungen stehen im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen einer Normalkoordinatenanalyse. Des weiteren werden einige kernmagnetische Resonanzdaten von Bis(dimethylamino)boranen diskutiert.
A Practical Method for Holographic Interference Fringe Assessment

A theory concerning the problem of fringe interpretation reported by Hecht et al. (1973) is extended and a simpler semiquantitative method for the assessment of the fringes is developed. According to the new method, the fringe contrast between any two points on an object, is determined on the basis of the difference of the path-length changes at each point. The theoretical development of the method is discussed and a description of experimental results is given.
Cortical Interneurons Require Jnk1 to Enter and Navigate the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Proper assembly of cortical circuitry relies on the correct migration of cortical interneurons from their place of birth in the ganglionic eminences to their place of terminal differentiation in the cerebral cortex. Although molecular mechanisms mediating cortical interneuron migration have been well studied, intracellular signals directing their migration are largely unknown. Here we illustrate a novel and essential role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in guiding the pioneering population of cortical interneurons into the mouse cerebral cortex. Migrating cortical interneurons express Jnk proteins at the entrance to the cortical rudiment and have enriched expression of Jnk1 relative to noninterneuronal cortical cells. Pharmacological blockade of JNK signaling in ex vivo slice cultures resulted in dose-dependent and highly specific disruption of interneuron migration into the nascent cortex. Time-lapse imaging revealed that JNK-inhibited cortical interneurons advanced slowly and assumed aberrant migratory trajectories while traversing the cortical entry zone. In vivo analyses of JNK-deficient embryos supported our ex vivo pharmacological data. Deficits in interneuron migration were observed in Jnk1 but not Jnk2 single nulls, and those migratory deficits were further exacerbated when homozygous loss of Jnk1 was combined with heterozygous reduction of Jnk2. Finally, genetic ablation of Jnk1 and Jnk2 from cortical interneurons significantly perturbed migration in vivo, but not in vitro, suggesting JNK activity functions to direct their guidance rather than enhance their motility. These data suggest JNK signaling, predominantly mediated by interneuron expressed Jnk1, is required for guiding migration of cortical interneurons into and within the developing cerebral cortex.
PERCEPTIONS OF A CHILD AS WITNESS: EFFECTS OF LEADING QUESTIONS AND THE TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILD AND DEFENDANT '

The effects of type of questioning (leading or nonleading) and type of relationship between child and defendant (defendant is known, i.e., relative, or unknown, i.e., stranger) on mock jurors' perceptions of a child witness were investigated. 92 students read a transcript (a prosecutor questioning a child witness), then answered questions (each on an 11-point scale) regarding their perceptions of the child witness. When the questioning was nonleading (vs leading), the mock jurors judged the certainty of their verdict to be greater (M = 8.1, SD = 1.9 M = 7.1, SD = 25, respectively) and the child witness to be more credible (M = 9.0, SD = 1.7; M = 7.9, SD = 2.6, respectively) and honest (M = 9.8, SD = 1.2; M = 8.7, SD = 2.4, respectively). The type of relationship between the defendant and the child witness did not affect perceptions of the child witness. Possible reasons and implications for the findings are discussed.
HYPOCAPNIA AND HYPERCAPNIA IN RESPIRATORY MANAGEMENT OF NEWBORN INFANTS

Recent experimental and clinical data demonstrate that both hypocapnia and hypercapnia during the neonatal period may result in beneficial or adverse consequences. Multiple retrospective studies report a strong association between PaCO2 levels less than 25 to 30 mm Hg and an increased incidence of cystic PVL and CP in preterm infants. Prolonged exposure to PaCO2 values less than 25 to 30 mm Hg is also associated with hearing loss in term and near-term infants. A low tidal volume strategy combined with permissive hypercapnia is potentially a strategy that could prevent lung injury. Clearly, more randomized, controlled trials are needed before this latter strategy or that of permissive hypercapnia can be recommended routinely for preterm, near-term, or term gestation infants with respiratory disorders.
Structure and Emission of Compact Blazar Jets

Relativistic jets in blazars on parsec scales can now be explored with direct imaging at radio wavelengths as well as observations of time variability of flux and linear polarization at various wavebands. The results thus far suggest that the millimeter-wave "core" is usually a standing, conical shock and that the jet plasma is turbulent. Disturbances and turbulent plasma crossing the standing shock can explain much of the observed variability, as well as the appearance of bright knots moving down the jet at superluminal apparent speeds. The core, located parsecs downstream of the central engine, appears to be the site of many of the outbursts observed at optical, X-ray, and γ-ray energies. Rotations in the optical polarization position angle prior to the passage of a knot through the millimeter-wave core provide evidence for helical magnetic fields that accelerate and collimate the jet before turbulence tangles the fields.
Studies on the chemosterilization of the face fly.

Successful sterilization of adult Musca autumalis De Geer was achieved by dipping 2- to 3-day-old pupae in a 4.5% acetone solution of hempa and metepa. Sterility was sustained in both sexes for 28 days. Larvae could not be sterilized effectively at the 0.5% level of hempa and metepa. Both materials at the 5.0 and 1.0% levels caused mortality of pupae and larvae, respectively. Hempa and metepa-sterilized males competed successfully with normal males. In F1 progeny, 56.9% sterility resulted when 0.1% metepa-fed males, normal males, and normal females were used in the ratio of 2:2:1. At the same ratio, 45.0% sterility resulted when 0.1% hempa created males were used.
High Levels of Ascorbic Acid, Not Glutathione, in the CNS of Anoxia‐Tolerant Reptiles Contrasted with Levels in Anoxia‐Intolerant Species

Ascorbic acid and glutathione (GSH) are antioxidants and free radical scavengers that provide the first line of defense against oxidative damage in the CNS. Using HPLC with electrochemical detection, we determined tissue contents of these antioxidants in brain and spinal cord in species with varying abilities to tolerate anoxia, including anoxia-tolerant pond and box turtles, moderately tolerant garter snakes, anoxia-intolerant clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), and intolerant Long-Evans hooded rats. These data were compared with ascorbate and GSH levels in selected regions of guinea pig CNS, human cortex, and values from the literature. Ascorbate levels in turtles were typically 100% higher than those in rat. Cortex, olfactory bulb, and dorsal ventricular ridge had the highest content in turtle, 5-6 mumol g-1 of tissue wet weight, which was twice that in rat cortex (2.82 +/- 0.05 mumol g-1) and threefold greater than in guinea pig cortex (1.71 +/- 0.03 mumol g-1). Regionally distinct levels (2-4 mumol g-1) were found in turtle cerebellum, optic lobe, brainstem, and spinal cord, with a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient. Ascorbate was lowest in white matter (optic nerve) in each species. Snake cortex and brainstem had significantly higher ascorbate levels than in rat or guinea pig, although other regions had comparable or lower levels. Frog ascorbate was generally in an intermediate range between that in rat and guinea pig. In contrast to ascorbate, GSH levels in anoxia-tolerant turtles, 2-3 mumol g-1 of tissue wet weight, were similar to those in mammalian or amphibian brain, with no consistent pattern associated with anoxia tolerance. GSH levels in pond turtle CNS were significantly higher (by 10-20%) than in rat for several regions but were generally lower than in guinea pig or frog. GSH in box turtle and snake CNS were the same or lower than in rat or guinea pig. The distribution GSH in the CNS also had a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient but with less variability than ascorbate: levels were similar in optic nerve, brainstem, and spinal cord. The paradoxically high levels of ascorbate in turtle brain, which has a lower rate of oxidative metabolism than mammalian, suggest that ascorbate is an essential cerebral antioxidant. High levels may have evolved to protect cells from oxidative damage when aerobic metabolism resumes after a hypoxic dive.
A CLASSICAL APPROACH TO CONTROLLING THE LORENZ EQUATIONS

This paper presents a classical approach to controlling the Lorenz equations, a well known chaotic system. It is shown that proportional-plus-integral control using an easily measurable state variable gives both good stability and tracking properties well into the normally chaotic region. Here the input signal to the Lorenz equations is the applied heat via the Rayleigh number. This paper demonstrates that widely used classical control approaches can stabilize a chaotic system and have it track input signals in its usually chaotic regime.
Duration and nature of retrograde amnesia produced by stimulation of caudate nucleus

Abstract Rats given a single brief footshock while standing upright and drinking from a water tube were slow in returning to the tube and drinking when tested 24 hr later. When single pulse bilateral electrical stimulation of the caudate nuclei followed the footshock they were quick to return and drink. This retroactive effect of the stimulation was temporally graded. It resulted from a retrograde amnesia produced by the stimulation. A delay of 5 min was effective. A futher experiment repeating the treatment a second time indicated that a 15 min delay was not effective. Another experiment repeated the treatment four times. Rate of learning (avoidance of the tube) increased as the delay of stimulation increased indicating that the stimulation was stopping the encoding of short-term associative learning into memory at the time of its application.
A predictive handoff scheme for multi-hop heterogeneous wireless networks

Maintaining seamless end-to-end connectivity is a challenge in multi-hop networks because of frequent topology changes due to user mobility. In this article, we propose a predictive handoff scheme to minimize the packet loss during handoff and also the number of handoffs in a multi-hop heterogeneous wireless network. A new approach is proposed to estimate the connection stability of a node and initiate the handoff process before the existing connection terminates. The concept of group connectivity is also proposed to reduce the number of handoffs in multi-hop networks due to the mobility of intermediate relay mobile stations.
Isolation, expression, and characterization of fully functional nontoxic BiP/GRP78 mutants.

Mammalian BiP/GRP78 and Escherichia coli DnaK belong to the highly conserved hsp70 family and function as molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum or the cytosol, respectively. Induction of murine BiP/GRP78 expression in E. coli leads to growth arrest and cell death, independent of the bacterial strain and vector used. Analysis of various BiP constructs and mutants shows that the dominant-lethal phenotype is induced specifically by the expression of the 13.7-kDa C-terminal domain and abolished by a single substitution in that region. Deletion of that region also results in nontoxic gene products that can be overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. The nontoxic mutants are highly expressed in E. coli, representing up to 20% of the soluble fraction. They are catalytically active, depolymerize upon binding ATP or synthetic peptide, and interact with the J-domain of the DnaJ-like accessory protein, MTJ1, with near wild-type affinity. Our data indicate that the cytotoxic effect encountered during overexpression of recombinant proteins can be caused by a single domain and can be alleviated by a specific mutation or deletion in that region without altering the catalytic properties of the enzyme.
A Nuclear Rapture: The Apocalyptic Art of Kenny Scharf

Abstract The art of Kenny Scharf is paradoxical in nature. He combines carefree cartoon worlds with distinctly religious apocalyptic images of terrifying nuclear holocaust. The odd juxtapositions Scharf creates between the horrific and the benign are the artist’s means of coping with his own apocalyptic anxiety, as well as a critique of the self-destructive behavior of American society in the 1980s. At the time, Ronald Reagan’s strong doomsday rhetoric and his emphasis on the Arms Race collided with the AIDS Crisis, creating a specific 1980s brand of the apocalyptic. Scharf responds to this widespread, heightened anxiety by using the cartoon (and a cartoon-based religion of his own invention) as a purposefully ludicrous anesthetic to numb his apocalyptic fears.
Heterogeneity in P22 transducing particles.

Abstract A gene, hisR , involved in the regulation of levels of histidine biosynthetic enzymes in Salmonella typhimurium , maps between a gene, metE , involved in methionine biosynthesis, and a cluster of genes concerned with isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. Bacteria derepressed for the histidine biosynthetic enzymes form rough-looking colonies on media containing high levels (1–2%) of fermentable carbohydrate. This attribute has facilitated genetic analysis of hisR mutants. Two types of experiment demonstrate that transducing fragments in phage P22 lysates are heterogeneous. First, while hisR1208 exhibits about 0.61% joint transduction with ilvC401 and about 3.1% joint transduction with metE338 , the ilvC and metE loci appear to be unlinked (less than 0.01% joint transduction). Secondly, particles effective in transduction of ilvC + have a slightly higher mean buoyant density than those effective in transduction of metE + . Particles effective in joint transduction of ilvC + hisR or of hisR metE + appear to have mean buoyant densities which differ from each other and which are intermediate between the densities of those particles active in transduction of ilvC + or metE + singly. These results complement those reported in the accompanying paper by Pearce and Stocker (1965) in suggesting that bacterial chromosome fragments active in transduction of a given marker are not uniform—that is, are not all of the same genetic composition.
On dissipative matrices

Abstract A matrix the imaginary part of whose Toeplitz (Cartesian) decomposition is positive semidefinite [positive definite] is said to be dissipative [strictly dissipative]. Characterizations for strictly dissipative matrices and related theory are given. Dissipative-preserving linear transformations are characterized. Finally, a natural generalization to linear transformations on matrices is developed in terms of the completely positive cone; ten characterizations follow.
VEGF signaling is required for the assembly but not the maintenance of embryonic blood vessels.

Here we investigated the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling to the de novo formation of embryonic blood vessels, vasculogenesis, as opposed to the maintenance of blood vessels. We found that antagonizing the activity of the VEGF signaling pathway by using soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt1) or VEGF antibodies inhibited vasculogenesis that occurs in embryos and in cultures of 7.5 days postcoitus prevascular mesoderm. Antagonist treatment resulted in the formation of clusters of endothelial cells not normally observed during vasculogenesis. In contrast, when embryos with established vasculatures or cultures of vascularized mesoderm were treated with sFlt1 or VEGF antibodies, no discernible alterations to the preexisting blood vessels were observed. These observations indicate that, although VEGF signaling is required to promote the mesenchymal to epithelial transition by which angioblasts assemble into nascent endothelial tubes, it is not required by endothelial cells to maintain their organization as an endothelium. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on islets of langerhans: Evidence for tyrosine kinases in the regulation of insulin secretion

In order to determine if tyrosine kinase activation is involved in the changes in islet function, the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on insulin secretion and islet cell proliferation was examined in cultured islets of Langerhans. When islets were exposed to 100 microM genistein or 2 microM herbimycin A, large 5- to 10-fold increases in insulin secretion were observed. The effect on insulin secretion was detected within 1 hr and was maintained for at least 4 days. The glucose sensitivity of islets exposed to genistein was dramatically increased as demonstrated by a shift of the glucose-dose response curve to lower glucose concentrations. In contrast, islet cell proliferation was dramatically reduced in the presence of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the absence or presence of PRL. These very large changes observed in islets suggest that tyrosine kinases may have important roles in the regulation of beta-cell function.
Removal of fiber from vines by solid state fermentation/enzymatic degradation: a comparison of flax and kudzu retting.

Abstract Kinetic data describing the decomposition of the outer sheath of kudzu vines (undergoing a solid fermentation process in a glass beaker of soil) have been analyzed to determine the two constants, Km/So and V/So, where So is the initial substrate concentration, Km the Michaelis constant, and V the maximum product rate. The kinetic data are expressed by a simple time-varying desheathing index, obtained from the number of spatula scrapings required to reach the desired hard cellulosic fibers (vascular bundles) of the plant. A simple relationship between the desheathing index, D.I. and the dimensionless product concentration, P/So, is proposed to relate the D.I. data and enzyme kinetic concentration data. Thus, the Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic parameters can be estimated from easily obtained physical (non-chemical data; the D.I.(t) measurements). This low energy process for processing vines into valuable fibers is similar to the traditional microbial method for recovering flax fibers for linen cloth, by retting of the flax plant vines, except there is no unbound liquid water present in the soil medium.
Epidemiology of Enterococci in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

We performed an epidemiological investigation of a 62-bed neonatal intensive care unit in response to 2 infants with clinical cultures positive for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Surveillance cultures detected 11 infants colonized with VRE. Surveillance triggered by even a single clinical culture positive for VRE may be justified in the neonatal intensive care unit, because a single culture result may represent a large hidden reservoir of VRE-colonized infants.
Entamoeba gingivalis pulmonary abscess - diagnosed by fine needle aspiration.

Entamoeba gingivalis ( E. gingivalis ) is a parasitic protozoa of the oral cavity, most often found in gingival tissues around the teeth associated with poor oral hygiene. Here, we report a case of E. gingivalis in a pulmonary CT guided fine needle aspiration material, from a 60-year-old man with newly found lung mass. On site Diff-Quik® smear examination revealed the presence of marked acute inflammation, colonies of actinomyces, and a number of 'large macrophages-like organisms'. Upon examination of the additional material, organisms morphologically consistent with E. gingivalis were identified. Pulmonary mass resolved after six weeks of treatment with antibiotics (Clindamycin followed by Penicillin). Proper recognition and distinction between E. gingivalis and other species of Entamoeba is important for the management of patients.
British business in Brazil: maturity and demise (1850-1950)

This paper analyses the long-term trends of ''British business'' in Brazil since 1850. It covers investment and other manifestations of the British presence such as those related to trade as well as financial intermediation. Primary interest is in British involvement in Brazilian private sector activities, whether by direct investment or by the flotation of sterling securities for firms operating in Brazil. The article also considers the role of London as a financial market where Brazilian public loans were floated, the relevance of Britain as a market for Brazilian commodities and as a supplier to Brazil, and British intermediation in Brazilian trade with third countries. It is divided in chronological sections: imperial years (1850-1889); stagnation and boom (1889-1914); first signs of decline (1914-1930), and the divestment period (1930 to the mid-1950's). The final section presents the conclusions and mentions post-1950 trends.