cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-resolution dynamic mapping of histone-DNA interactions in a nucleosome

The nature of the nucleosomal barrier that regulates access to the underlying DNA during many cellular processes is not fully understood. Here we present a detailed map of histone-DNA interactions along the DNA sequence to near base pair accuracy by mechanically unzipping single molecules of DNA, each containing a single nucleosome. This interaction map revealed a distinct approximately 5-bp periodicity that was enveloped by three broad regions of strong interactions, with the strongest occurring at the dyad and the other two about +/-40-bp from the dyad. Unzipping up to the dyad allowed recovery of a canonical nucleosome upon relaxation of the DNA, but unzipping beyond the dyad resulted in removal of the histone octamer from its initial DNA sequence. These findings have important implications for how RNA polymerase and other DNA-based enzymes may gain access to DNA associated with a nucleosome.
The Beaded Minute combination and sex-determination in Drosophila.

Beaded Minute males are not intersexual, but are often aberrant because of incomplete development of the anal and genital imaginal discs-as are also Beaded Minute females. Even if they are considered to be intersexual, the abnormality may be induced by any one of at least seven different Minutes, or by other independent combinations of genes, and therefore cannot be used to support the view that there are very few loci involved in the determination of sex.
Natural resource scarcity and the closed‐loop supply chain: a resource‐advantage view

Purpose – This research aims to provide a theoretical framework for exploring how firms can respond to the growing threat of natural resource scarcity. Specifically, the role of closed‐loop supply chain management is examined as a means for creating resource advantages that can lead to marketplace competitive advantages.Design/methodology/approach – The research extends previous theoretical research, integrating natural resource scarcity and closed‐loop supply chain management for the first time. Resource‐advantage theory is employed as the theoretical lens for the research model and propositions.Findings – The findings deepen understanding of the forces that create natural resource scarcity conditions in the supply chain, and highlight the need for higher order closed‐loop capabilities that have the ability to mitigate natural resource scarcity.Research limitations/implications – The theoretical model and six research propositions suggest relationships between natural resource scarcity, closed‐loop capab...
Estimating the Validity of a Multiple-Choice Test Item Having k Correct Alternatives:

In various situations, a multiple-choice test item may have more than one correct alternative, and the goal is to determine how many correct alternatives an examinee actually knows. For a randomly sampled ex aminee, the validity of an item is defined as the prob ability of deciding that the examinee knows i correct alternatives, when in fact exactly i correct alternatives are known. This article describes how latent class models can be used to estimate this probability.
The Shields-Harary indices of vulnerability of a graph

In 1972 the late Allen Shields posed a striking conjecture, eventually confirmed by Schanuel [1], about finite sequences of positive numbers. Shields and the first author saw that the conjectured result gave the answer for paths to a question that could be asked about any graph. That realization has now germinated and produced a family of graph parameters that measure certain kinds of fortibility of graphs, viewed as networks of storage fortresses. We discuss that family of parameters.
Circumferential Superdrawing of Hollow Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Filaments

Amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be stretched at low tension without causing any observable crystallization at temperatures above Tg. This resultant increased length with no measurable change in orientation is called superdrawing. Superdrawing of hollow PET fibers in the circumferential direction is demonstrated in a hot water bath accompanied by increased fiber void, which is caused by a combination of air expansion and water permeation. A three-parameter model defines the kinetics of the process. The phenomenon is characterized by a rapid rise in the fiber void with a subsequent steady state. The model parameters are obtained by a simple geometric technique. The initial fiber characteristics and morphology determine the rate of void increase and the final fiber geometry. Intrinsic fiber variability is reflected in the water permeability and energy of activation. The model predicts the total residence time required in the water bath to obtain maximum void size during the superdrawing process.
Examining methanogens in northern peatlands: Potential role of ecological and latitudinal trends

Peatlands are a type of wetlands where accumulation of organic matter exceeds its decomposition. They are primarily distributed in northern latitudes and store more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem (~455 Pg). Methane (CH4) production is one of the most important microbially-driven processes relevant to the global influence of peatlands in carbon cycling and atmospheric change. Multiple factors have been found to affect CH4 production in peatlands. However, little is known about the Archaea performing this process. Geochemical, molecular, culturing and genomics techniques have allowed us to pursue questions about the diversity, abundance, distribution, and adaptations of methanoarchaea inhabiting peatlands. Novel methanoarchaeal groups dominated 16S rRNA gene surveys in bogs and fens from upstate NY. NY bogs were almost completely dominated by a novel group in the order Methanomicrobiales, named E2, while a minerotrophic fen was codominated by a sister group, named E1, plus members of the Methanosaetacea family. Further evidence from vertical profiles suggested the differential abundance of E1 versus E2 correlated with fen to bog transitions. These ecological patterns were further evaluated in a broader set of bogs and fens from North America and Europe. Two patterns of community composition were observed amongst sites: a bog to fen ecological pattern for sites in temperate latitudes, and a temperate to boreal/subartic latitudinal pattern.Our results suggest that methanoarchaeal composition can be influenced by local (fen versus bog) and regional (latitude) regimes. Recent culturing efforts have succeeded in isolating a representative of E2 and E1: Methanoregula boonei and Methanosphaerula palustris, respectively. The evaluation of the physiology and genomic composition of our novel methanogens are providing initial clues on their adaptations to the different gradients found amongst peatlands.These observations provide an initial understanding of methanoarchaeal communities, and propose that ecological and latitudinal patterns should be considered for better predicting the effects of global climate change on peatland methanogenesis.*The audio track for talks in this symposium may be obtained at the following web address:**https://sites.google.com/site/esa2010symposium13audiocontent/esa2010-symposium13-audio-content*
Developing a Lifestyle Medicine Toolbox to Promote Health Behavior Change

Health behavior change is one of the most challenging aspects of a lifestyle medicine (LM) program. A “one size fits all” approach does not generally lead to long-term adherence and success in an L...
Customer-driven reliability models for multistate coherent systems

Reliability models for multistate coherent systems require customer interaction. The customer defines the distinctive component and system states. Knowing the component states, the authors estimate the probability distribution for each component. The customer specifies when a change in the state of any component forces a change in the state of the system. From this, the authors present a methodology to develop the customer's structure function and to calculate the probability of each system state. The customer defines and evaluates reliability. Using the customer's definition, one can summarize the probability distribution of the system. >
Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age

[1] Acetylene (C2H2) and CO originating from combustion are strongly correlated in atmospheric observations, offering constraints on atmospheric dilution and chemical aging. We examine here the C2H2-CO relationships in aircraft observations worldwide, and interpret them with simple models as well as with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). A C2H2 global source of 6.6 Tg yr−1 in GEOS-Chem simulates the ensemble of global C2H2 observations without systematic bias, and captures most seasonal and regional features. C2H2/CO concentration ratios decrease from continental source regions to the remote atmosphere in a manner consistent between the observations and the model. However, the dC2H2/dCO slope from the linear regression does not show such a systematic decrease, either in the model or in the observations, reflecting variability in background air. The slope β = dlog[C2H2]/dlog[CO] of the linear regression of concentrations in log space offers information for separating the influences of dilution and chemical aging. We find that a linear mixing model with constant dilution rate and background is successful in fresh continental outflow but not in remote air. A diffusion model provides a better conceptual framework for interpreting the observations, where the value of β relative to the square root of the ratio of C2H2 and CO chemical lifetimes (1.7–1.9) measures the relative importance of dilution and chemistry. We thus find that dilution dominates in fresh outflow but chemical loss dominates in remote air. This result is supported by GEOS-Chem sensitivity simulations with modified OH concentrations, and suggests that the model overestimates OH in the southern tropics.
Comparison Between the Variational and Implicit Differentiation Approaches to Shape Design Sensitivities

The most commonly used approach to the shape design sensitivity problem results from the implicit differentiation of the discretized equilibrium equations. The most general implementation of this technique requires that finite differences be used to differentiate the element stiffness matrices. Proper choice of the step size is necessary to obtain high levels of accuracy and to avoid round-off errors. Furthermore, since it is necessary to operate on the element matrices, this method is difficult to implement into a general-purpose finite element program. A more recent shape design sensitivity formulation, based upon variational calculus, avoids having to differentiate the discretized equations and results in an analytical expression for the derivative. The approach is based upon the total derivative of the variational state equation and uses an adjoint variable technique for design sensitivity analysis. Only structural response data on the boundary of the structure is necessary, thereby making implementation into a general-purpose program less difficult. This paper attempts to compare the two different techniques and point out the similarities. Two test problems are shown to demonstrate the accuracy of the variational approach.
Analysis of Viral cis Elements Conferring Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Episome Partitioning and Maintenance

Maintenance of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) episomes in latently infected cells is dependent on the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). LANA binds to the viral terminal repeats (TR), leading to recruitment of cellular origin recognition complex proteins. Additionally, LANA tethers episomes to chromosomes via interactions with histones H2A and H2B (A. J. Barbera et al., Science 311:856-861, 2006). Despite these molecular details, less is known about how episomes are established after de novo infection. To address this, we measured short-term retention rates of green fluorescent protein-expressing replicons in proliferating lymphoid cells. In the absence of antibiotic selection, LANA significantly reduced the loss rate of TR-containing replicons. Additionally, we found that LANA can support long-term stability of KSHV replicons for more than 2 months under nonselective conditions. Analysis of cis elements within TR that confer episome replication and partitioning revealed that these activities can occur independently, and furthermore, both events contribute to episome stability. We found that replication-deficient plasmids containing LANA binding sites (LBS1/2) exhibited measurable retention rates in the presence of LANA. To confirm these observations, we uncoupled KSHV replication and partitioning by constructing hybrid origins containing the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) dyad symmetry for plasmid replication and KSHV LBS1/2. We demonstrate that multiple LBS1/2 function in a manner analogous to that of the EBV family of repeats by forming an array of LANA binding sites for partitioning of KSHV genomes. Our data suggest that the efficiency with which KSHV establishes latency is dependent on multiple LANA activities, which stabilize viral genomes early after de novo infection.
UCSIM: A Tool for Simulating Use Case Scenarios

This paper describes the use case simulator (UCSIM), an Eclipse plug-in for visualization and simulation of use cases. Simulation of use cases allows stakeholders to play with what-if scenarios as a way to test completeness and correctness. Textual use cases, however, are not semantically precise enough to be simulated. UCSIM, therefore, uses minimal extensions to UML models to describe use cases, transforms the use cases automatically into an executable form (hierarchical UML state machines), and provides a configurable simulator for executing the state machine representation of the use cases.
Ethnographic refusal as research method: Example from a study of a family court child custody mediation program:

Mediation is a dispute resolution process in which a third party neutral facilitates discussion towards amicable agreement. Parents in Wisconsin filing disputed claims in family court over child cu...
Using a theoretical ecospace to quantify the ecological diversity of Paleozoic and modern marine biotas

The process of evolution hinders our ability to make large-scale ecological comparisons—such as those encompassing marine biotas spanning the Phanerozoic—because the compared entities are taxonomically and morphologically dissimilar. One solution is to focus instead on life habits, which are repeatedly discovered by taxa because of convergence. Such an approach is applied to a comparison of the ecological diversity of Paleozoic (Cambrian–Devonian) and modern marine biotas from deep-subtidal, soft-substrate habitats. Ecological diversity (richness and disparity) is operationalized by using a standardized ecospace framework that can be applied equally to extant and extinct organisms and is logically independent of taxonomy. Because individual states in the framework are chosen a priori and not customized for particular taxa, the framework fulfills the requirements of a universal theoretical ecospace. Unique ecological life habits can be recognized as each discrete, n-dimensional combination of character states in the framework. Although the basic unit of analysis remains the organism, the framework can be applied to other entities—species, clades, or multispecies assemblages—for the study of comparative paleoecology and ecology. Because the framework is quantifiable, it is amenable to analytical techniques used for morphological disparity. Using these methods, I demonstrate that the composite Paleozoic biota is approximately as rich in life habits as the sampled modern biota, but that the life habits in the modern biota are significantly more disparate than those in the Paleozoic; these results are robust to taphonomic standardization. Despite broadly similar distributions of life habits revealed by multivariate ordination, the modern biota is composed of life habits that are significantly enriched, among others, in mobility, infaunality, carnivory, and exploitation of other organisms (or structures) for occupation of microhabitats.
Update on Small Bowel Imaging

The small bowel (SB) has historically been difficult to evaluate because of its length, tortuosity, and limitations of available technology. As a result, diseases of the SB have been difficult to diagnose, resulting in multiple tests and poor clinical outcomes. Until recently, the best way to evaluate the SB was using some combination of push enteroscopy (PE), barium SB follow through (SBFT), and/or a computed tomography (CT) scan. However, these tests have inherent limitations in their ability to adequately evaluate the entire SB, particularly the mucosa. Improvements in technology have led to significant advances in SB imaging. New endoscopic advancements in SB imaging include capsule endoscopy (CE) and double balloon enteroscopy (DBE). CE allows for a complete view of the SB and a more detailed view of the mucosa. DBE provides not only a closer look at the mucosa, but also therapeutic capabilities. Radiologic advancements with CT enterography (CTE) provide information regarding mucosal and transmural inflammation and wall thickness, as well as information regarding extraintestinal findings. These new technologies have allowed us to advance the science of SB diseases.
A New Family of Rectification Topologies

A new family of rectification topologies are proposed in this paper for future low-voltage high-current applications. The proposed rectification technique has N filter inductors to share the output load current. Compared with the conventional center-tapped and current doubler rectifiers, it has higher current capability and better thermal management can be achieved. Besides, the inductor magnetic design is simple and transformer utilization is good. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify that the proposed current N-tupler rectifier is a good candidate for rectification topology in high-cureent dc-dc converters.
Connectivity and the Digital Divide - Technology, Policy, and Design tradeoffs for Developing Regions

This paper examines some of the causes of poor connectivity in developing countries, and suggests options for overcoming the so-termed digital divide. Based on a techno-economic analysis of connectivity technologies and design, I show that technical limitations per se are not the bottleneck for widespread connectivity; rather, design, policy, and regulatory challenges are the reasons for high costs (which determines penetration to a large extent). The first part of this paper deals with the “digital divide” and a brief look at existing measures and difficulties with such measures, such as issues of granularity. I present a starting point for a new framework for the digital divide, based on what we call the 4Cs of Information and Communications Technology (ICT): Computers, Connectivity, Content, and (human) Capacity. The next section focuses on the Connectivity aspect of ICT, and examines cost components of different technologies. While there are obvious differences between technologies in terms of speeds, reach, and infrastructure, there are non-technical implications of such choices, such as legacy requirements, competition, leapfrogging, etc. Once we formulate a basic, indicative, network design for broadband, using estimated costs and some limited real-world emerging economy data, we can see what reasons there are for higher costs (and prices) than the model would indicate. We identify over a dozen policy add-ons (such as ISP licensing, spectrum fees, taxes, limits on applications such as VoIP, etc.) that raise the costs to end-users. Expanding from the idealized model, I also present a new design for broadband across Africa (“FiberAfrica”) based on GIS modeling and a bottom-up design. This is not an idealized model but a first attempt at a hypothetical continental network based on available data. It not only includes appropriate technologies (optical fibers and fixed broadband wireless) but also innovative business models such as open access networks. The analysis shows such a design could bring affordable, accessible broadband to the majority of Africans, for a one-time capital cost of only a little over $1/capita.
Predicting queue times on space-sharing parallel computers

We present statistical techniques for predicting the queue times experienced by jobs submitted to a space-sharing parallel machine with first-come-first-served (FCFS) scheduling. We apply these techniques to trace data from the Intel Paragon at the San Diego Supercomputer Center and the IBM SP2 at the Cornell Theory Center. We show that it is possible to predict queue times with accuracy that is acceptable for several intended applications. The coefficient of correlation between our predicted queue times and the actual queue times from simulated schedules is between 0.65 and 0.72.
Integrating AJAX Approach into GIS Visualization Web Services

As the Web platform continues to mature, we see an increasing number of amazing technologies that take Geographic Information Systems (GIS) visualization applications to new levels of power and usability. By integrating new powerful technologies into GIS systems, we get higher performance results with additional functionalities. The most recent development capturing the attention of the browser based application developers is AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML). In this paper we present a generic and performance efficient framework for integrating AJAX models into the browser based GIS Visualization Web Services systems.
Choreographing Justice: Administrative Law Judges and the Management of Welfare Disputes

A significant form of civil justice is administrative hearings, used to resolve individual disputes in the provision of government welfare benefits. Drawing from ethnographic observations, analysis of recorded transcripts of the hearings, and interviews with administrative law judges in the United States, we examine two contrasting approaches to judging, one a ‘bureaucratic’ approach which replicates the style of decision-making on the front lines, and the other an ‘adjudicatory’ approach which relies on the norms and conventions of judicial decision making. To understand how each approach manifests in the hearing room, we use the methodology of conversation analysis to compare and contrast the different verbal strategies and techniques that characterize each approach. To understand why a judge may choose one approach over another we explore how judges construct their professional identity and manage the tasks of judging.
The impact of social support on salesperson burnout and burnout components

Previous research has shown that salesperson burnout affects sales productivity, employee retention, and job satisfaction. Although burnout has often been conceptualized as a multiple-component construct, research typically has approached the efficacy of burnout reduction techniques by using overall measures of burnout rather than by examining the effects of such techniques on individual burnout components. The present research investigates how social support and choice of coping strategy relate to burnout components, illustrating the need to consider such components when conducting burnout-related research. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Perceptual Models of Human-Robot Proxemics

To enable socially situated human-robot interaction, a robot must both understand and control proxemics—the social use of space—to employ communication mechanisms analogous to those used by humans. In this work, we considered how proxemic behavior is influenced by human speech and gesture production, and how this impacts robot speech and gesture recognition in face-to-face social interactions. We conducted a data collection to model these factors conditioned on distance. This resulting models of pose, speech, and gesture were consistent with related work in human-human interactions, but were inconsistent with related work in human-human interactions—participants in our data collection pos itioned themselves much farther away than has been observed in related work. These models have been integrated into a situated autonomous proxemic robot controller, in which the robot selects interagent pose parameters to maximize its expectation to recognize natural human speech and body gestures during an interaction. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying per-cultural processes that govern human proxemic behavior, and has implications for the development of robust proxemic controllers for sociable and socially assistive robots situated in complex interactions (e.g., with multiple people or individuals with hearing/visual impairments) and environments (e.g., in which there is loud noise, reverberation, low lighting, or visual occlusion).
Effect of Salt Concentration on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in CO2 Environment

Effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in CO2-saturated solutions was explored in a wide range from 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were utilized to determine the instantaneous corrosion rate of C1018 carbon steel under freely corroding condition. Both EIS and LPR results indicated that corrosion rate decreases with increasing salt concentration, and the highest corrosion rate was found at the lowest salt concentration (0.001 wt%). Potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic hold experiments were performed to study anodic and cathodic kinetics using microelectrode technique. Cathodic polarization results showed that the cathodic reaction is under diffusion or mixed control and the limiting current increases with decreasing salt concentration. Anodic polarization results suggested that chloride adsorption prevails at high salt concentration, while hydroxyl adsorption prevails at low salt concen...
A Biologic Classification of the Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma

While numerous attempts have been made to identify and classify the different types of encapsulated gram-negative bacteria comprising the genus Klebsiella, diagnosis of an infection with these organisms still remains difficult and uncertain. Following the discovery of specific carbohydrates and of their significance in the immunologic reactions of encapsulated organisms by Avery, Heidelberger and Goebel1 it became possible to establish among different strains of Friedlander's bacillus immunologic and type distinctions 2 such that strains are now designated as types A, B and C. In addition there are a number of serologically different, heterogenous strains which are classified as group X. With the collection of different strains of the bacillus of rhinoscle-
Possible Reason for the Unusual Regioselectivity in Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Trisubstituted Aziridines under Mildly Basic Conditions

2,2,3-Trisubstituted aziridines are known to undergo ring opening at the more substituted carbon under mildly basic conditions. However, the reason for the formation of the more sterically encumbered product has never been examined. Several trisubstituted aziridines, with different substitution patterns at the C-2 and C-3 carbons, were synthesized to change the electronics of the aziridine ring system. These changes had no effect on the regioselectivity of the ring-opening reaction. Using the B3LYP/6-31G* DFT basis set it was determined that the transition state for opening at the more substituted carbon proceeds at a lower energy than the transition state at the less substituted carbon.
Purine N-oxides—LII

Abstract The 3-acyloxypurine 8-substitution reaction is a substitution-elimination reaction involving attack at C-8 by inorganic or organic nucleophiles and departure of an acyloxy group from N-3. It has been studied with 3-acetoxyxanthine, 3-hydroxyguanine and a number of related derivatives and is the method of choice for the preparation of many 8-substituted xanthines or guanines. It proceeds extremely rapidly in neutral aqueous solutions at room temperature. With water alone an 8-hydroxypurine results, and water always competes to some degree with other nucleophiles. The reaction can be carried out in dipolar aprotic solvents, in which it is also possible to prepare the acyloxy derivative in situ and to choose more effective leaving groups such as mesyloxy or tosyloxy. The reaction has been demonstrated with chloride, bromide, nitrite, and azide ions; with the thioether of methionine; a variety of pyridine derivatives, and with primary and secondary alcohols. This reaction is apparently restricted to 3-acyloxypurines which are also substituted at position-2. The behaviour of 3-acetoxy-1-methylxanthine is similar to that of 3-acetoxyxanthine, but 3-acetoxy-7-methylxanthine fails to undergo the reaction.
Dynamics of intestinal IgA expression after early-life antibiotic treatment. (MUC9P.738)

Class IgA secretory antibodies (SigA) are an early line of antigen-specific immune defenses that are influenced by commensal microbial populations. Perinatal antibiotic exposures may affect the host microbiota and have long-term consequences on host immunity. We hypothesize that early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) perturbs the intestinal microbiota leading to alterations in sIgA expression. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 5 therapeutic doses of the β-lactam, amoxicillin, or the macrolide, tylosin. Exposure to either the tylosin or amoxicillin delayed sIgA expression. sIgA expression recovered in β-lactam-exposed mice but was abrogated with macrolide exposure. Compared to age-matched controls, 1 or 3 tylosin pulses decreased sIgA levels by 40% and 75%, respectively. Alterations in sIgA production were associated with decreased bacterial richness (α-diversity), altered community structure (β-diversity), and changes in microbial compositional, including increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides uniformis. Whereas tylosin had multiple immunological effects on conventional mice, essentially none were detected in germ-free animals; indicating that an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota influences developing immunity. These results provide evidence that early-life alterations of the intestinal microbiota by PAT modulates sIgA production, phenotypes that may persist after microbial recovery, with long-term consequences to host immunity.
Socially-relevant Panic Symptoms in Social Anxiety Disorder

Panic attacks (PAs) are experienced by approximately half of all individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and are often situationally triggered. Clinical observation suggests that individuals with SAD experience additional “non-traditional” socially-relevant symptoms during PAs. This study examined whether treatment-seeking individuals with SAD (N = 203) endorsed socially-relevant symptoms during PAs and whether these symptoms might be useful in characterizing PAs among these patients. Based on endorsement rates and factor-analytic results, we developed criteria for socially-relevant PAs, and divided the sample into four groups: no PAs (n = 68), socially-relevant PAs only (n = 44), traditional PAs only (n = 22), and combined socially-relevant/traditional PAs (n = 69). Compared to the no-PA group, the combined and socially-relevant PA groups exhibited greater severity of SAD, whereas the traditional PA group did not. Findings suggest that previously reported associations between PAs and greater sever...
Evolving myocardial infarction during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty : the use of portable percutaneous cardiopulmonary support

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has become an invaluable tool in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, it is not without risks. For the PTCA patient who develops signs and symptoms of an evolving myocardial infarction, the time delay involved in the transportation of the patient from the angiography suite to the operating room becomes important. Institution of cardiopulmonary bypass in the angiography suite has enabled the successful transport of the patient to the operating room in a hemodynamically stable condition. We now present two case reports of patients treated with emergent percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass following the development of myocardial infarction during PTCA.
Epididymitis in infancy.

Abstract The occurrence of epididymitis in infants suggests the presence of urinary infection and the likelihood of an associated structural genitourinary abnormality, requiring complete urologic investigation. The advent of testicular scanning and the ultrasonic stethoscope, coupled with an increased index of suspicion, makes possible the non-operative diagnosis and management of a condition usually made by surgical exploration.
Big Implications from Small Wars: The Imperial Vision of Heroism, 1860–1911

Large-scale operations of the Crimean and Indian variety were not the normal employment of the British military in the nineteenth century. The Army, and to a lesser extent, the Royal Navy were employed more often in small-scale operations designed to project power in an imperial context. In most cases they encountered a numerically superior but technologically inferior foe, and in so doing further questions as to the nature and limits of the new institutional heroism were raised and resolved. The duties of policing a globe-spanning empire presented a new environment for heroism; facing bodies of disciplined Russians supported by artillery was not the same as facing Maori rebels, cannibalistic Andaman Islanders, or assegai-wielding Zulus. The standard doctrine for mid-nineteenth century colonial warfare placed a premium on implacable aggressiveness as a way of establishing psychological superiority over the enemy.1 This was reflected in a rash of ‘first in’ Crosses and recommendations in the 1860s, designed to reward the aggressive bravery of those first to breach an enemy stronghold.
Semi-Supervised Learning of the Electronic Health Record for Phenotype Stratification

Patient interactions with health care providers result in entries to electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs were built for clinical and billing purposes but contain many data points about an individual. Mining these records provides opportunities to extract electronic phenotypes, which can be paired with genetic data to identify genes underlying common human diseases. This task remains challenging: high quality phenotyping is costly and requires physician review; many fields in the records are sparsely filled; and our definitions of diseases are continuing to improve over time. Here we develop and evaluate a semi-supervised learning method for EHR phenotype extraction using denoising autoencoders for phenotype stratification. By combining denoising autoencoders with random forests we find classification improvements across multiple simulation models and improved survival prediction in ALS clinical trial data. This is particularly evident in cases where only a small number of patients have high quality phenotypes, a common scenario in EHR-based research. Denoising autoencoders perform dimensionality reduction enabling visualization and clustering for the discovery of new subtypes of disease. This method represents a promising approach to clarify disease subtypes and improve genotype-phenotype association studies that leverage EHRs.
A Dynamic Congestion Management System for InfiniBand Networks

While the InfiniBand link-by-link flow control helps avoid packet loss, it unfortunately causes the effects of congestion to spread through a network. Flows whose paths do not even pass through congested ports could suffer from reduced throughput. We propose a Dynamic Congestion Management System (DCMS) to address this problem. Without per-flow information, the DCMS leverages performance counters of switch ports to detect onset of congestion, and determines whether-or-not victim flows are present. The DCMS then takes actions to cause an aggressive reduction in the sending rates of congestion-causing (contributor) flows if victim flows are present. On the other hand, in the absence of victim flows, the DCMS allows the contributor flows to maintain high sending rates and finish as quickly as possible.Our results show that dynamic congestion management can enable a network to serve both contributor flows and victim flows effectively. The DCMS solution operates within the constraints of the InfiniBand Standard.
The failure of neonates to form red blood cell alloantibodies in response to multiple transfusions.

Red blood cell alloantibody production was studied in 90 neonates who received a mean of 14.1 transfusions (range 2–35) from an average of 8.9 donors during the first three months after, birth. Standard antibody detection procedures were done with the use of a selected red blood cell panel. No unexpected alloantibodies were detected. These findings suggest, at a 99% confidence level, that neonates do not make red blood cell alloantibodies in response to transfusion, indicating that repeated compatibility testing is probably unnecessary. Thus, following initial antibody screening and compatibility tests, further compatibility testing can be eliminated.
Appetite Regulation: Hormones, Peptides, and Neurotransmitters and Their Role in Obesity:

Understanding body weight regulation will aid in the development of new strategies to combat obesity. This review examines energy homeostasis and food intake behaviors, specifically with regards to hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters in the periphery and central nervous system, and their potential role in obesity. Dysfunction in feeding signals by the brain is a factor in obesity. The hypothalamic (arcuate nucleus) and brainstem (nucleus tractus solitaris) areas integrate behavioral, endocrine, and autonomic responses via afferent and efferent pathways from and to the brainstem and peripheral organs. Neurons present in the arcuate nucleus express pro-opiomelanocortin, Neuropeptide Y, and Agouti Related Peptide, with the former involved in lowering food intake, and the latter two acutely increasing feeding behaviors. Action of peripheral hormones from the gut, pancreas, adipose, and liver are also involved in energy homeostasis. Vagal afferent neurons are also important in regulating energy homeostasis. Peripheral signals respond to the level of stored and currently available fuel. By studying their actions, new agents maybe developed that disable orexigenic responses and enhance anorexigenic signals. Although there are relatively few medications currently available for obesity treatment, a number of agents are in development that work through these pathways.
Basic Research for Evaluating Nuclear Waste Form Performance

The development of an adequate data base for assessing the safety of geologic nuclear waste disposal is a vital part of the repository licensing process. This entails understanding both waste form/...
Engineering Beowulf: World-building in a multimodal composition classroom

This article provides a research-driven pedagogical perspective on world-building, drawing upon the author’s experiences teaching Beowulf in a multimodal composition course at the Georgia Institute of Technology. World-building and multimodal pedagogy may combine smoothly in first-year college composition courses to simultaneously introduce students to medieval literature and communications concepts. For many students, such courses are their only required exposure to either field; by using world-building techniques, instructors may create an inclusive and student-centered course, one that does not force a choice between literary study and learning practices of compositional rhetoric.
Structure, Activity and Composition of Biofilms

The spatial distributions of properties of biofilms have been investigated by using three different kinds of biofilms as test materials. Biofilms, cultured by laboratory-scale rotating drum biofilm reactors with synthetic wastewater, were first cut into 10 to 20 µm thick slices using a microtome, and then apportioned into samples representing 3 or 4 layers. The biofilm properties of each layer were investigated by measuring the densities, phospholipid concentrations, and AR18 dye adsorption abilities. The bacterial population distributions and the metabolically active bacterial distributions were studied by plate count methods or a MPN method, and the tetrazolium dye (INT) reduction method, respectively. Based on statistic evaluations, the micro-slicing technique, the procedure for analyzing phospholipid concentrations of biofilms, and the AR18 dye adsorption tests were suitable to be used in biofilm studies. It was found that the densities of biofilms in the bottom layers were 4 to 7 times higher than those in the top layers. For thick biofilms (thickness > 500 µm), the INT active bacteria decreased from 82-89% in the top layers to 5-11% in the bottom layers. The porosities of thick biofilms changed from 83-92% in the top layers to 56-64% in the bottom layers. For thin biofilms (thickness
Body Size Beliefs and Weight Concerns Among Mothers and Their Adolescent Children

African American and White mother/adolescent pairs were examined for familial associations in body size and weight concerns. Mothers' and adolescents' estimates of adolescents' body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated. Compared to boys, girls had greater body dissatisfaction, higher weight concerns, and perceived higher family/friend weight concerns. By race, White adolescents had more body dissatisfaction and greater concern about weight than African American adolescents. Four items explained 70.4% of the variance in adolescents' weight concern scores: adolescents' weight management practices, mothers' reports of adolescents' saying they were too fat, adolescents' perceptions of family/friends' weight concerns, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction. Our study suggests White girls are more concerned about their weight and perceive greater weight and dieting concerns among family/friends than African American girls.
Communication-Efficient Parallelization Strategy for Deep Convolutional Neural Network Training

Training Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models is extremely time-consuming and the efficiency of its parallelization plays a key role in finishing the training in a reasonable amount of time. The well-known synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm suffers from high costs of inter-process communication and synchronization. To address such problems, asynchronous SGD algorithm employs a master-slave model for parameter update. However, it can result in a poor convergence rate due to the staleness of the gradient. In addition, the master-slave model is not scalable when running on a large number of compute nodes. In this paper, we present a communication-efficient gradient averaging algorithm for synchronous SGD, which adopts a few design strategies to maximize the degree of overlap between computation and communication. The time complexity analysis shows our algorithm outperforms the traditional allreduce-based algorithm. By training the two popular deep CNN models, VGG-16 and ResNet-50, on ImageNet dataset, our experiments performed on Cori Phase-I, a Cray XC40 supercomputer at NERSC show that our algorithm can achieve $\mathbf{2516.36}\times$ speedup for VGG-16 and $\mathbf{2734.25}\times$ speedup for ResNet-50 using up to 8192 cores.
Doctoral Students' Perspectives on Their Doctoral Programs and Departments.

ABSTRACTIn this article, we examined Kinesiology Doctoral Students’ (DS) perspectives on their doctoral programs and departments. Using the Kinesiology Doctoral Student (KDS) survey, 121 current an...
In Rural Areas, Buprenorphine Waiver Adoption Since 2017 Driven By Nurse Practitioners And Physician Assistants.

Few patients with opioid use disorder receive medication for addiction treatment. In 2017 the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act enabled nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PA...
Beyond Sovereignty: New Cultural Imaginaries of Human Rights

This introductory essay examines the role of sovereignty (both state and individual) in structuring normative human rights as well as major critiques of sovereignty in contemporary scholarship. The authors take up Theophilus Marboah’s diptych of sea traffick—an eighteenth-century slave ship diagram juxtaposed against Massimo Sestini’s aerial photograph of a boat of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers crossing the Mediterranean—to consider the need for alternative conceptions of human rights that might address deep historical and structural forms of belonging and unbelonging; the rise of xenophobia, neoliberal governance, and securitization that result in the purposeful precaritization of marginalized populations; ecological damage that threatens us all, yet whose burdens are distributed unequally; and the possibility of decolonial and posthuman approaches to rights discourses. The essay considers how different forms, materials, perspectives, and aesthetics might contribute to the cultural production of new human rights imaginaries.
A Clinical Nurse Specialist-Led Emergency Department Naloxone Distribution Program.

Purpose: This article describes the implementation of a clinical nurse specialist-led emergency department overdose education and naloxone distribution program. The program's purpose is to increase naloxone availability to reduce opiate overdose mortality rates within the local community. Description of program: The program distributes naloxone kits to patients in the emergency department after an opioid overdose. The kits are designed to help recipients prevent, recognize, and respond to an opioid overdose. Outcome: The program, which includes naloxone take-home kits and clinical guidelines outlining a standard of care for naloxone distribution and coprescribing, was successfully implemented across 11 emergency departments within an integrated health system. More than 250 kits were dispensed within the first year of program implementation along with an online patient education video that received more than 1600 views. In 2017, the county reported an opioid-related overdose death rate of 16.5 (per 100 000 residents). From January 2018 to June 2019, the opioid-related death rate per 100 000 residents was reported at 9.6. Conclusion: Although emergency department naloxone distribution programs are feasible in the acute care setting, it was critical for clinical nurse specialists to enlist an interdisciplinary team and engage executive leadership to ensure program success. For others considering such a program, early consideration should be given to determining financial support and evaluating the compliance and regulatory aspects of dispensing medications from emergency settings.
Clinical and immunological effects and biomarkers of zinc deficiency

Abstract Zinc as an essential element for humans was recognized in 1963. Nutritional zinc deficiency is now known to affect more than 2 billion human subjects globally. Zinc is an intracellular signaling molecule and it plays an important role in cell-mediated immune functions and oxidative stress. Zinc is also an antiinflammatory agent. These unique properties of zinc may have significant therapeutic benefits in several diseases in humans. In many diseases, concurrent zinc deficiency may complicate the clinical features, adversely affect immunological status, increase oxidative stress, and increase the generation of inflammatory cytokines. It is currently believed that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation may have important causative roles in many chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, several malignancies, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. It is therefore important that the status of zinc is assessed and zinc deficiency corrected in these chronic conditions. A controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation in these disorders in order to document the preventive and therapeutic effects of zinc is recommended.