cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significant Exposure: The Turn-of-the-Century Breast

In their History of Underclothes, Willet and Phillis Cunnington make the point that late in the 1790s "the Englishwoman of the fashionable world succeeded in reducing the total weight of her clothing to a couple of pounds. Such a thing had never been previously attempted in this country" (97). Indeed, I believe one could add that no fashion change of equal drama was to occur again, until after the First World War. Yet analyses of this phenomenon are as scanty as the costumes themselves. Fashions such as the Victorian corset support great swaths of theory, but the seminude breast of the early part of the century has, astonishingly, been almost ignored. At the same time, the period in which this exposure occurred, along with its background in the preceding century, has for more than two decades had full attention from a range of scholars, including social historians, feminist theorists, and Romanticists. With insights drawn from their analytical work, I propose in this essay to decipher the meaning presented iconically by this fashion and along with it the related area defined by Mary Jacobus as "the semiotics of breast-feeding." She uses this phrase in a groundbreaking essay entitled "Incorruptible Milk: Breast-feeding and the French Revolution" where her focus of interest is "the sign ... of the breast-feeding mother" (207). My closely related concern here is the eroticized maternal breast as sign. The Cunningtons, as the words "the Englishwoman ... succeeded? suggest, take it that the fashion revolution of the 1790s was effected through women's choice and will. They attribute the fashion to a "wartime method of sex attraction" (97), with the unstated assumption that in war as in peace women dress in order to gain the sexual attention of men. Willet Cunnington writes explicidy in English Women's Clothing in the Nineteenth Century, "I regard the instinct of sex-attraction as the principal motive force in feminine fashions.... It has always been the claim of fashion that it is attractive. What, then, is to be attracted but man?" (24). However simplistic and heterosexist, this query reflects the "sex appeal" explanation that in Valerie Steele's analysis has been and continues to be "the single most influential theory of fashion" (34). Understructuring it also is the further unstated assumption that "fashion" is and always has been part of a specifically feminine sphere of interest and concern. But in fact the fashionable exposure of women's breasts occurred while "the Great Masculine Renunciation" was in process. Men of the wealthier
Heritability of Blood Pressure in Chickens

Abstract GATES (1946) records a number of human pedigrees showing a high incidence of hypertension which suggested a relatively simple mode of inheritance. More recent studies, however, suggest a complex mode of inheritance and moderate or relatively low heritability. Pickering (1955) who reviews the more recent data indicates a heritability of from 20–23 percent for blood pressure in humans. Alexander, Hinshaw and Drury (1954 Alexander, Hinshaw and Drury (1956) who selected and bred hypertensive rabbits were able to increase level of pressure in the progeny but did not estimate the heritability. Sturtevant (1953) was unable to change mean pressure in rats after two generations of selection for hypertension, but he did report a significant decrease in the variability of pressure. In previous reports it was shown that in unselected populations of chickens, there was a wide range in blood pressures (Sturkie, Weiss and Ringer, 1953, 1956). This range in variability suggested the possibility and feasibility …
Perception-based 3D triangle mesh segmentation using fast marching watersheds

In this paper, we describe an algorithm called fast marching watersheds that segments a triangle mesh into visual parts. This computer vision algorithm leverages a human vision theory known as the minima rule. Our implementation computes the principal curvatures and principal directions at each vertex of a mesh, and then our hill-climbing watershed algorithm identifies regions bounded by contours of negative curvature minima. These regions fit the definition of visual parts according to the minima rule. We present evaluation analysis and experimental results for the proposed algorithm.
UC Davis monolithic millimeter-wave and picosecond electronic technology program

The focus of the UC Davis Program is to advance the state-of-the-art in solid state sources for both transmitters and receivers together with imaging receiver arrays. The work involves the design and fabrication of monolithic frequency multipliers and multiplier arrays, quasi-optical beam control arrays for millimeter-wave imaging and radar, as well as the development of high speed nonlinear transmission lines, for ultra wideband radar and phased antenna arrays.
Averaging analysis for discrete time and sampled data adaptive systems

Earlier continuous-time averaging theorems are extended to the nonlinear discrete-time case. These theorems are applied to the study of the convergence analysis of discrete-time adaptive identification and control systems. Instability theorems are also derived for the study of robust stability and instability of adaptive control schemes applied to sampled data systems. As a byproduct, the effects of sampling are also studied on unmodeled dynamics in continuous-time systems. >
Quality of Life: Sciencing and Living the Art of Human Becoming:

Quality of life, from the person's perspective, is the goal of the human becoming theory. Thus far, research on quality of life has been implemented from a totality paradigm perspective, excluding consideration of the human as a unitary being. The most valuable conclusion to be drawn from all the research is that quality of life cannot be quantified. This article specifies a different meaning of quality of life and points out ways of sciencing and living the art of nursing when quality of life is the goal.
Microgravimetric immunosensor for direct detection of aerosolized influenza A virus particles

The development and characterization of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the direct detection of aerosolized influenza A virions is reported. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) are formed on QCM gold electrodes to provide a surface amenable for the immobilization of anti-influenza A antibodies using NHS/EDC coupling chemistry. The surface-bound antibody provides a selective and specific sensing interface for the capture of influenza virions. A nebulizer is used to create aerosolized samples and is directly connected to a chamber housing the antibody-modified crystal ("immunochip"). Upon exposure to the aerosolized virus, the interaction between the antibody and virus leads to a dampening of the oscillation frequency of the quartz crystal. The magnitude of frequency change is directly related to virus concentration. Control experiments using aerosols from chicken egg allantoic fluid and an anti-murine antibody based immunosensor confirm that the observed signal originates from specific viral binding on the chip surface. Step-by-step surface modification of MUA assembly, antibody attachment, and antibody-virus interaction are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging analysis. Using the S/N = 3 principle, the limit of detection is estimated to be 4 virus particles/mL. The high sensitivity and real-time sensing scheme presented here can play an important role in the public health arena by offering a new analytical tool for identifying bio-contaminated areas and assisting in timely patient diagnosis.
Factors associated with (un)willingness to be an organ donor: importance of public exposure and knowledge.

Abstract: Background: Transplantation is increasingly limited by the supply of donor organs. Identifying subgroups that do not support organ donation will allow targeted efforts to increase organ donation. Methods: A total of 185 non-acutely ill outpatients visiting a community physician's office voluntarily completed a survey designed to capture views and general knowledge/misconceptions about cadaveric organ donation/transplantation. Results: Of 185 patients, 86 were willing to donate, 42 were unwilling, and 57 were unsure. Willingness to donate was significantly associated with: having discussed the topic with family; having known a cadaveric organ donor; age 55 yr; having graduated high school; recognizing the organ shortage as the primary problem in transplantation; having received a post-high school degree; having seen public information within 30 d; and having a family member in health care (all p≤0.05). Not significant were: gender; race; religious affiliation or regular church attendance; knowing a transplant recipient or wait-listed patient; and having easy internet access. Those unwilling/unsure more often thought: organ allocation is based on race/income; organ donation is expensive for the donor family; designated donors may not receive full emergency room care; a brain-dead person can recover. Conclusions: Intense efforts to improve public awareness and knowledge about organ donation/transplantation are necessary to maximize donation and the overall success of transplantation.
Spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass estimated from remote sensing and forest inventory data in New England, USA

We combined satellite (Landsat 7 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) and U.S. Department of Agriculture forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) across New England, USA. This is practical for large-scale carbon studies and may reduce uncertainty of AGB estimates. We estimate that total regional forest AGB was 1,867 teragram (1012, dry weight) in 2001, with a mean AGB density of 120 Mg/ha (Standard deviation = 54 Mg/ha) ranging from 15 to 240 Mg/ha within a 95% percentile. The majority of regional AGB density was in the range of 80 to 160 Mg/ha (58.2%). High AGB densities were observed along the Appalachian Mountains from northwestern Connecticut to the Green Mountains in Vermont and White Mountains in New Hampshire, while low AGB densities were concentrated in the Downeast area of Maine (ME) and the Cape Cod area of Massachusetts (MA). At the state level, the averaged difference in mean AGB densities between simulated and FIA (as reference) was -2.0% ranging from 0% to -4.2% with a standard error of 3.2%. Within the 95% confidence interval the differences between FIA and simulated AGB densities ranged from 0 to 6% (absolute value). Our study may provide useful information for regional fuel-loading estimates.
Vasopressin-deficient rats exhibit sensorimotor gating deficits that are reversed by subchronic haloperidol.

Abstract Background: Brattleboro (BB) rats are Long Evans rats with a single base pair genetic mutation that impairs their ability to synthesize vasopressin, a neurotransmitter and neurohormone. Brattleboro rats are known to have deficits in memory, emotional reactivity, motivation, attention, and social recognition, abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a measure of sensorimotor gating. Prepulse inhibition is deficient in unmedicated schizophrenia patients, and PPI deficits in schizophrenia may be related to the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities associated with this disorder. In this study we tested the hypothesis that BB rats exhibit PPI deficits analogous to those exhibited by schizophrenia patients. Methods: In one experiment, BB rats homozygous (BB-Ho) or heterozygous (BB-Hz) for the mutated vasopressin gene were compared with normal Long Evans (LE) rats from the same breeder source. In separate studies, BB-Ho and LE rats were treated with acute or subchronic (22 days) injections of haloperidol. Results: Both BB-Ho and BB-Hz rats had significantly higher ASR and significantly lower PPI compared with LE rats, with BB-Ho rats exhibiting the lowest PPI among all three genotypes. Furthermore, a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) did not reverse the PPI deficits in BB rats. In contrast, daily SC administration of haloperidol for 22 days reversed PPI deficits in BB rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that PPI deficient BB rats may be an important genetic model of PPI deficits, which may help elucidate genetic, pharmacologic, and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PPI deficits and the effects of antipsychotic drugs on PPI.
The Professional as the Executive's Ethical Aide-de-Camp

nagging question in the minds of most Americans following the Challenger space shuttle explosion on January 28, 1986 is, how on earth could NASA management officials have allowed the shuttle to take off, given what appears to have been clear-cut warnings about problems with the shuttle's solid rocket booster joints. Whatever pressure the managers were facing to launch the shuttle, didn't they know enough technically to realize that the lives of the crew were in serious danger? If, in fact, they did not know enough about the technical apparatus of the shuttle, as good managers should they not have been in constant contact with their trained professionals regarding the spacecraft's safety?
The Elements of Magnetics

The 20th century saw rapid and dramatic improvements in permanent magnet materials. It has been 31 years since the discovery of neodymium-iron-boron and numerous companies and laboratories are seeking to produce a new and superior material. Topics discussed herein are material options, economics of selected materials and market drivers in material selection. Market issues include manufacturability by shape, size, and material yield; raw material supply including cost and dependability of the supply chain; raw material and magnet product price stability; development of applications based on commercial needs, government legislation and consumer demand. “Need is the mother of invention” and no discussion would be complete without covering why a new material would be beneficial from an applications point of view especially in energy production and consumption. Therefore, an introduction will be provided for select, major applications using permanent magnets and the growth forecasts for these.
Omnibus testing and gene filtration in microarray data analysis

Abstract When thousands of tests are performed simultaneously to detect differentially expressed genes in microarray analysis, the number of Type I errors can be immense if a multiplicity adjustment is not made. However, due to the large scale, traditional adjustment methods require very stringen significance levels for individual tests, which yield low power for detecting alterations. In this work, we describe how two omnibus tests can be used in conjunction with a gene filtration process to circumvent difficulties due to the large scale of testing. These two omnibus tests, the D-test and the modified likelihood ratio test (MLRT), can be used to investigate whether a collection of P-values has arisen from the Uniform(0,1) distribution or whether the Uniform(0,1) distribution contaminated by another Beta distribution is more appropriate. In the former case, attention can be directed to a smaller part of the genome; in the latter event, parameter estimates for the contamination model provide a frame of ref...
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEASON OF BIRTH AND THE RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted to discover factors that might bear on the origins of schizophrenia. In general, the results of these studies have been contradictory. One consistent finding, however, is an association between season of birth and the risk for schizophrenia. This paper reports a test of the hypothesis that season of birth is associated with the risk for subgroups of the schizophrenic population. The results of regression analyses of data from Monroe County, New York, are reported. All white residents who were reported to have been diagnosed schizophrenic for the first time during the period January 1, 1969, to December 31, 1971, and who were hospitalized at least one day in the five-year period following the first schizophrenic diagnosis formed the group of schizophrenic patients. The population data used for the denominators of the incidence rates consisted of all white residents living in Monroe County, New York, as of April 1, 1970. An effect of month of birth on the risk for schizophrenia was related to the sex and the age of subsets of the whole population.
Low-overhead, low-complexity [burst] synchronization for OFDM

A rapid synchronization method is presented for an OFDM system using either a continuous transmission or a burst operation over a time-varying, fading channel. It will acquire the signal and provide channel estimation upon the receipt of just one training sequence of two symbols in the presence of unknown symbol and frame timing, large carrier and sampling frequency offsets, and very low SNRs, while maintaining low latency and low complexity. It can then track the signal with the same algorithms. Digital TV and wireless LAN are used as examples.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION DATA FOR COMPOUNDS IN SYSTEMS Li2O-SiO2 AND BaO-SiO2*

X-ray diffraction powder patterns for 2Li2O·SiO2, Li2O·SiO2, Li2O·2SiO2, 2BaO·SiO2, BaO·SiO2,2BaO·3SiO2, BaO·2SiO2, and K2O·4PbO·8SiO2 are presented.
Long wavelength high-speed semiconductor lasers with carrier transport effects

Carrier transport has a significant effect on the high-speed characteristics of semiconductor lasers. The authors show theoretically and experimentally that the low frequency rolloff and excess increase of damping due to carrier transport significantly limits the high-speed modulation bandwidth of long wavelength InGaAs(P)-InP quantum-well lasers. The inherent small conduction band offset and small hole diffusion constant of this material are responsible for the severe carrier transport effects. The authors also discuss the optimum design for the high speed modulation of the long wavelength lasers and the advantages of the InGaAlAs-InP material system. >
beta 1-and beta 2-adrenergic receptors exhibit differing susceptibility to muscarinic accentuated antagonism

Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes express both beta 1-and beta 2-adrenergic receptors linked to enhanced intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and the modulation of contractile function. This study tests the hypothesis that muscarinic agonists act via distinct mechanisms to interfere with beta 1-and beta 2-adrenergic receptor actions. The beta 2-selective agonist zinterol (10(-7) M) elicits approximately a fourfold increase in cAMP accumulation, which is mimicked, both in magnitude and kinetics, by 10(-9) M of the mixed beta 1-receptor agonist/beta 2-receptor agonist isoproterenol. At these concentrations, isoproterenol and zinterol elicit equivalent inotropic and lusitropic (i.e., enhanced relaxation) responses. Carbachol inhibits all three responses (cAMP, inotropic, and lusitropic) elicited by isoproterenol. In contrast, carbachol does not interfere with the effect of zinterol to augment cAMP accumulation or to induce a positive inotropic response. However, carbachol inhibits the lusitropic response to zinterol via an action at an M2-muscarinic receptor linked to a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Additional studies indicate that beta 2-receptor-dependent phosphorylation of troponin I and phospholamban is substantially attenuated by carbachol. We conclude that carbachol interferes with beta 1-receptor actions by reducing cAMP accumulation. In contrast, the anti-beta 2-receptor actions of carbachol are mediated by a mechanism that is distinct from inhibition of cAMP accumulation, involving an M2-muscarinic receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, which leads to inhibition of troponin I and phospholamban phosphorylation and inhibition of the beta 2-receptor-dependent lusitropic response.
A Model of Turnover-based Disruption in Customer Services

Abstract We develop a turnover-based model of organizational disruption in services to understand better how, when and why disruption occurs in order to guide future research. Specifically, we examine how different types of turnover (e.g., total turnover, voluntary turnover, involuntary turnover and downsizing) influence important aspects of customer service (e.g., customer satisfaction, perceptions of service quality, and perceptions of service brand quality). We further explore many potential moderators (e.g., newcomer concentration and environmental complexity) and mediators (e.g., efficiency and customer orientation) of the relationship. We conclude by highlighting potentially fruitful directions for future research.
La influencia de Abraham Cohen de Herrera en la Filosofía Natural del siglo XVII: su impronta en los Principia Philosophiae de Anne Conway

Natural Philosophy of the 17th Century shares traits of hermetic-cabalistic mysticism and neoplatonism of the 16th Century. Works presenting this legacy, far from representing isolated cases, constitute the intelectual magma in which many of the debates which signed modern science were gestated. One of the paradigmatic representation of this stream is Anne Conway, who in her Principia Philosophiae attacks the Cartesian mechanism and dualism, supporting herself in monistic and espiritualistic doctrins of the matter that she takes directly from Isaac Luria´s cabalistic tradition represented by Abraham Cohen de Herrera and his Puerta del Cielo .
A Safe Harbor Against Lawsuits

The Communications Decency Act (CDA) was the first major attempt by Congress to regulate content on the Internet. It is largely known for its efforts to outlaw indecent and obscene speech on the Internet. The Act was challenged on the grounds that it infringed on free speech, a challenge that was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1997. While the Supreme Court declared most of the CDA unconstitutional, one particular provision survived and is getting more and more attention of late. That provision, known as “Section 23” after its original section of CDA, provides legal protection to Internet content and service providers so that they cannot be sued for the acts of their users. The rise of Internet forums, blogs, podcasts and other sites that rely on users or subscribers to provide content has moved Section 230 back into public scrutiny.
Erythropoietin-Like Effect of a Polycythemic Virus.∗:

SummaryLike erythropoictin, a murine polycythemic virus can initiate erythropoiesis in a hypertransfused-polycythemic state. The mechanism by which this virus is able to do this is not known.
Growth of Germanium on Porous Silicon (001)

The surface morphology of Ge grown on Si (001) and porous Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy at 380 °C is examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). For layer thicknesses of 30 nm, the surface shows islanding while still maintaining some of the underlying roughness of the surface of porous Si. For thicknesses in the 100 nm range, the surface roughness is not visible, but the islanding persists. Unlike the case of silicon where islands tend to merge and nearly disappear as the thickness of the deposited layer rises, we observe on the porous layer the persistence of the islands with no merging even for macroscopic thicknesses as large as 0.73 microns.
Plot Size and Shape in Relation to Soybean Resistance for Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

During 1986, 1987, and 1988, selected plot sizes and shapes were evaluated for suitability in field experiments designed to compare soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultivars for resistance to larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner). Plot size or shape did not significantly affect the relative rankings between cultivars in density or percentage of defoliation; therefore, any of the plot sizes or shapes examined in our experiments appear suitable for use in field experiments to compare soybean cultivars for resistance to this defoliating pest. Plot size and shape influenced the mean and precision of density and injury estimates. Estimates of larval density and percentage of defoliation were greater in plots of two or more rows than in one-row and hill plots. Precision of density and percentage of defoliation estimates were best for the plot size of two linear rows each 3 m long. Consequently, a plot size of two linear rows each 3 m long appears the best option for field screening experiments.
Planning Level Modeling of E. coli levels in a Suburban Watershed Using PCSWMM

Scajaquada Creek is an important urban stream in the Niagara River watershed. It is listed in the Department of Environmental Conservation’s (DEC) statewide 20…
Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle IV): carcass traits and longissimus palatability.

Carcass (n = 854) and longissimus thoracis palatability (n = 802) traits from F 1 steers obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III cows to Hereford or Angus (HA), Tuli (Tu), Boran (Bo), Brahman (Br), Piedmontese (Pm), or Belgian Blue (BB) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (444 d), carcass weight (333 kg), fat thickness (1.0 cm), fat trim percentage (21%), and marbling (Small 00 ) end points. Results presented in this abstract are for age-constant data. Carcasses from BB- and HA-sired steers were heaviest (P < 0.05) and carcasses from Bo- and Tu-sired steers were lightest (P < 0.05). Adjusted fat thickness was greatest (P < 0.05) on carcasses from HA-sired steers and least (P < 0.05) on carcasses from BB-and Pm-sired steers. Numerical USDA yield grades were lowest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from Pm- and BB-sired steers and highest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from HA- and Br-sired steers. Marbling scores were highest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from HA- and Tu-sired steers and lowest (P < 0.05) for carcasses from Br-, BB-, and Pm-sired steers. Longissimus thoracis from carcasses of HA-, Pm-, and Tu-sired steers had the lowest (P < 0.05) 14-d postmortem Warner-Bratzler shear force values. Carcasses from HA-sired steers had longissimus thoracis with the highest (P < 0.05) tenderness ratings at 7 d postmortem. Longissimus thoracis from carcasses of Br- and Bo-sired steers had the highest (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear forces and the lowest (P < 0.05) tenderness ratings at 7 d postmortem. Adjustment of traits to various slaughter end points resulted in some changes in sire breed differences for carcass traits but had little effect on palatability traits. Carcasses from BB- and Pm-sired steers provided the most desirable combination of yield grade and longissimus palatability, but carcasses from HA-cross steers provided the most desirable combination of quality grade and longissimus palatability. Tuli, a breed shown to be heat-tolerant, had longissimus tenderness similar to that of the non-heat-tolerant breeds and more tender longissimus than the heat-tolerant breeds in this study.
Surgical Management of Metastatic Disease

Sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal cell origin that include many histologic subtypes and molecularly distinct entities. For primary resectable sarcoma, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Despite treatment, approximately 50% of patients with soft tissue sarcoma are diagnosed with or develop distant metastases, significantly affecting their survival. Although systemic therapy with conventional chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality for those with metastatic sarcoma, increased survival has been achieved in select patients who receive multimodality therapy, including surgery, for their metastatic disease. This article provides an overview of the literature on surgical management of pulmonary and hepatic sarcoma metastases.
Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep complaints are reported by 40-60 % of menopausal women. Poor sleep is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. The effect of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on self-reported sleep quality. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews CENTRAL, and PsycInfo) were searched from 2002 to October 2015. Randomized trials assessing the effect of menopausal hormone therapy with a minimum follow up of 8 weeks were included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently and in duplicate. Primary outcome included sleep items within a questionnaire, scale or diary. Standardized mean differences across trials were pooled using random-effects models. The search identified 424 articles, from which 42 trials were included. Seven trials at a moderate to high risk of bias enrolling 15,468 women were pooled in meta-analysis. Menopausal hormone therapy improved sleep quality in women who had vasomotor symptoms at baseline [standardized mean difference -0.54 (-0.91 to -0.18), moderate quality evidence]. No difference was noted when women without such symptoms were analyzed separately or combined. Across 31 sleep quality questionnaires, daytime dysfunction was the most evaluated sleep domain. Menopausal hormone therapy improves sleep in women with concomitant vasomotor symptoms. Heterogeneity of trials regarding study population, formulations, and sleep scales; limit overall certainty in the evidence. Future menopausal hormone therapy trials should include assessment of self-reported sleep quality using standardized scales and adhere to reporting guidelines.
Poleward propagation of near-inertial waves induced by fluctuating winds over a baroclinically unstable zonal jet

We investigate the excitation and radiation of near-inertial internal gravity waves continuously excited by a latitudinally confined temporally fluctuating wind in a numerical model of a stratified ocean on a -plane at mid-latitude. The surface wind forcing contains both high- and low-frequency components which excite propagating waves and a baroclinically unstable zonal jet respectively. Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) ray theory implies that near-inertial waves propagate strictly towards the equator. We seek to refine this view here by (i) adding the non-traditional Coriolis force (accounting for the horizontal component of the Earth’s rotation) into the equations of motion, in order to allow poleward sub-inertial propagation to occur, and (ii) relaxing the conceptual constraint of no zonal variability, to allow the zonal jet to undergo instability, to meander and to sustain an active field of mesoscale eddies, potentially impacting the excitation of near-inertial waves. The key results are that, while (i) permits weakly stratified waveguides with sub-inertial poleward wave propagation to develop in accord with theory, the sub-inertial energy flux observed is very small compared with the equatorward flux. Thus, in terms of energy radiated from the storm track, non-traditional effects are small for wind-driven near-inertial waves. The consequences of (ii) are much more pronounced. Refinement (ii) produces a radiating wave field that is bidirectional, i.e. with both poleward and equatorward components. We show that the presence of regions of significant background vorticity with horizontal scales significantly smaller than the width of the storm track provides the scale selection mechanism to excite waves with sufficiently super-inertial frequencies to propagate poleward distances of the order of 1000 km.
An Examination of Credit Recovery Students’ Use of Computer-Based Scaffolding in a Problem-Based, Scientific Inquiry Unit

In this study, we investigated how high school credit recovery students worked in small groups and used computer-based scaffolds to conduct scientific inquiry in a problem-based learning unit centered on water quality. We examined how students searched for and evaluated information from different sources, and used evidence to support their claims. Data sources included screen recordings, interviews, scaffold trace data, and scaffold entry quality ratings. Findings indicate that many students struggled to use the scaffolding and did not fully respond to scaffold prompts. Collaboration within small groups was often inhibited by frequent absences, struggles using the scaffolding, desires to complete tasks quickly rather than thoroughly, and an expectation that the group leader address the questions. However, many groups followed the scientific inquiry process prompted by the scaffolding, and support for collaboration within the scaffolds led students to negotiate the meaning of water quality data, and this in turn led students to see water quality as a complex, rather than a binary, construct.
Environmental Justice in Warehousing Location: State of the Art

With the rapid spatial expansion of the warehousing industry in major metropolitan areas, environmental impacts associated with warehousing activities have been growing in the recent decades. This ...
Can restorative justice disrupt the ‘school-to-prison pipeline?’

The ‘school-to-prison pipeline’ now commonly refers to the impact of zero tolerance and other harsh exclusionary discipline policies on school suspensions and expulsions, especially felt among mino...
Knowledge-Based Resources: Managerial Competencies

In contrast to property-based resources examined in the previous chapter, this chapter examines the extent to which knowledge-based resources may be a source of sustained competitive advantage for established leagues. Following the discussion of Chap. 5, knowledge-based resources in sports leagues might take many possible forms. In general, knowledge may be embodied either in some type of technical know-how or in the form of managerial capabilities.
A Primer on Ugaritic: Legal Texts ( KTU 3)

KTU classifies ten texts as legal material, which indicates at a cursory level that the texts record some important transactions. Two of these documents are disbursement records ( KTU 3.1; 3.10), two are royal grants of property ( KTU 3.2; 3.5), two are guarantees of one or two persons ( KTU 3.3; 3.8), two deal with some obligation called ʾ unṯ ( KTU 3.4; 3.7), one attests to the establishment of a mrzḥ ( KTU 3.9), and one is uncertain ( KTU 3.6). In this chapter you will read a guarantee document ( KTU 3.3), a text documenting the ransom of people ( KTU 3.4), and the establishment of a mrzḥ ( KTU 3.9). The cadre of alphabetic cuneiform legal texts is diverse, but not numerous. Legal documents were drawn up in the lingua franca appropriate for this learned city and the ancient Near East, usually Akkadian. Thus, the writing of administrative documents in the Akkadian language and form provides yet another witness to the close connection between Ugarit and Mesopotamia. This kind of Akkadian transaction text reveals something of Ugaritic society. For instance, on the basis of 17.238, a legal document from Hattusilis III detailing the treatment of fugitives from Ugarit to Hatti, three kinds of people were considered “Ugaritians”: “a son of Ugarit” ( dumu kur Ugarit ) was a citizen who received a salary, “a slave of the king of Ugarit” ( ir lugal sa kur Ugarit ) was not a citizen but had land granted by the king, and “a slave of the slave of the king of Ugarit” ( ir ir lugal sa kur Ugarit ).
Magnetic Butterflies A Case Study of the Monarch (Lepidoptera, Danaidae)

The search for magnetic material in organisms has encompassed a wide spectrum of the biosphere from bacteria to humans. Until recently, the presence of the principal organically synthesized magnetic mineral, magnetite, was known only from a few phyla (Lowenstam, 1981). As is evident from the other contributions in this volume, the last few years have witnessed a large body of research dealing with the detection of magnetic material and subsequent behavioral experiments for all of the vertebrate classes. However, similar studies involving the detection of biogenic magnetite in many invertebrate phyla and of the interactions of magnetic fields and behavioral responses are relatively scarce. This paper discusses recent biomagnetic research concerning lepidopterans, focusing upon the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.
2 Prehistoric agricultural methods as models for sustainability

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a general view of prehistoric agroecological systems and methods (forms, functions, extent, and antiquity) and some brief case studies of agricultural collapses. The focus is on field technology, not on crops themselves. The chapter discusses the relevance of prehistoric agricultural methods to agricultural development today. It examines the forms, functions, antiquity, extent, and success of prehistoric agricultural methods. Many ancient methods have continued to the present, providing clues to former techniques, viability, and productivity. Change and innovation have been continuous. The distribution and extent of many of these methods is suggested by surviving field features, but most ancient fields have been destroyed by subsequent agriculture, other human and natural activity, or have been buried under sand and sediment. The agroecological lessons to be learned from the study of ancient fields and methods are derived from both a soft technology based on cultivation techniques and on the management of soils and pests and a hard technology based on landscape modification to improve the cultivation medium by increasing water availability, by drainage, by erosion control and by microclimatic modification.
Training a Christian Public Health Workforce: A Qualitative Study of Christian Public Health Training Programs

Objective: The objective of this qualitative pilot study was to identify opportunities and challenges Christian public health training programs experience when it comes to equipping public health students to work within Christian health mission organizations. Methods: A sample of seven out of seventeen (41 percent response rate) Christian public health institutions from North America, Asia, and Africa completed an online survey. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify major themes in the following areas: values specific to a Christian worldview, competencies focused on integrating a Christian worldview, challenges to integrating a Christian worldview, and training available to students interested in Christian health missions. Results: Values focused on Christ-like humility in serving God and others, discipleship, respecting human dignity in the image of God, and collaborative community partnership. More than half of respondents identified the interrelationship between culture, religion, spirituality, and health as the primary competency integrating a Christian worldview. Global health was identified as a second competency followed by understanding the history and philosophy behind global health and missions. Identified challenges include faith of students and faculty, limited availability of Christian public health textbooks, and secularization of concepts such as poverty and development. Conclusion: The holistic nature of public health is conducive to integrating a Christian worldview into program content. The results show that Christian public health institutions have biblical values and integrate a Christian worldview in understanding the interrelationship between culture, religion, spirituality and health primarily through a global health lens. Programs experience significant challenges to embedding a Christian perspective into other content areas. Opportunities for integrating competencies with a Christian worldview include offering a certificate in global health/development ministry, teaching methods for engaging individuals and groups in holistic health discussions, and incorporating spiritual metrics and instruments into program evaluation courses to measure the influence of faith, hope, and discipleship alongside physical and social health metrics.
The COX2 effector microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 is a regulator of immunosuppression in cutaneous melanoma

Purpose: Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) was evaluated as an important downstream effector of the COX2 pathway responsible for tumor-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma. Experimental Design: The analysis of a stage III melanoma tissue microarray (n = 91) was performed to assess the association between mPGES1, COX2, CD8, and patient survival. Pharmacologic inhibitors and syngeneic mouse models using PTGES-knockout (KO) mouse melanoma cell lines were used to evaluate the mPGES1-mediated immunosuppressive function. Results: We observed correlations in expression and colocalization of COX2 and mPGES1, which are associated with increased expression of immunosuppressive markers in human melanoma. In a syngeneic melanoma mouse model, PTGES KO increased melanoma expression of PD-L1, increased infiltration of CD8a+ T cells, and CD8a+ dendritic cells into tumors and suppressed tumor growth. Durable tumor regression was observed in mice bearing PTGES KO tumors that were given anti–PD-1 therapy. Analysis of a stage III melanoma tissue microarray revealed significant associations between high mPGES1 expression and low CD8+ infiltration, which correlated with a shorter patient survival. Conclusions: Our results are the first to illustrate a potential role for mPGES1 inhibition in melanoma immune evasion and selective targeting in supporting the durability of response to PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy. More research effort in this drug development space is needed to validate the use of mPGES1 inhibitors as safe treatment options.
Event Relevancy Pruning in Support of Energy-Efficient Sequential Pattern Mining

Nowadays, more and more industrial assets are continuously monitored and generate vast amount of events and sensor data. It provides an excellent opportunity for understanding the asset behaviour that is currently underexplored due to, amongst other things, the overwhelming data volume. As the computational time of most machine learning/data mining methods are at least linear with the amount of data, the increasing size of the event logs slow down any exploration and model of the data. We have addressed this problem by developing a preprocessing workflow to discard the irrelevant events, i.e. events related to normal processes if the abnormal processes (i.e. under-performance or failures) are explored, or events related to abnormal processes if the normal processes are explored. This preprocessing workflow can be applied to any industrial asset generating event logs. We have validated the workflow in the specific photovoltaic (PV) domain as a preprocessing step before applying sequential pattern mining (SPM) to the PV event logs. We have shown that our workflow could decrease the computation time of SPM up to 95%, resulting in a computational gain of up to several hours (e.g. from 23 h to 5 s).
Post-cancer diagnosis dietary inflammatory potential is associated with survival among women diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Dietary factors may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) survival through effects on inflammation. We examined the association between post-CRC diagnosis inflammatory potential of diet and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative. The study included 463 postmenopausal women who developed CRC during follow-up and completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), on average 1.7 years after diagnosis. Women were followed from CRC diagnosis until death, censoring, or the end of follow-up in October 2014. Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII)® scores were calculated from the FFQ and dietary supplement inventory. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, total cancer, and CRC-specific mortality with the most pro-inflammatory E-DII scores (tertile 3) as referent. After a median 11.6 years of follow-up, 162 deaths occurred, including 77 from CRC. Lowest tertile (i.e., most anti-inflammatory) E-DII scores from diet plus supplements were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (HRT1vsT3 = 0.49; 95% CI 0.31–0.79) compared to the most pro-inflammatory E-DII tertile. Modest associations with total cancer mortality or CRC-specific mortality were observed, though 95% CIs included 1. Consuming a dietary pattern and supplements with more anti-inflammatory potential after CRC diagnosis may improve overall survival among postmenopausal women.
Why Health Services Research Fails to Deliver: Complexity and Context

There have been many critiques of health services research. Sometimes it has been called ‘academic,’ meaning not of practical relevance or of only theoretical interest. Another criticism that I have heard (and made) that health services researchers prove the obvious. There are several articles that provide so called ‘lessons learned’ or prove the importance of one factor or another and these have been published in “high impact journals.” Some of the factors associated with implementation success have been known for millennia, e.g., leadership, (see Book of Exodus) and the leader’s vision (see Proverbs 29:18). Health services researchers would be more useful if they looked at how to implement something in the face of poor leadership or how to accomplish things when space is a constraint, i.e., we need to examine more carefully and productively the intervention by context interaction. My perspective about health services research concerning interventions is that it must be closely linked to clinical operations; linking research and system improvement would be a good strategy to both provide the answers and improve quality simultaneously, though it doesn’t always work out that way.
Universality in numerical computation with random data: Case studies and analytical results

In this paper, the authors discuss various results on universality in numerical computation with random data, obtained by the authors and their collaborators—C. Pfrang, G. Menon, S. Olver, and S. Miller—at various stages over the last 6–7 years. This paper follows closely the plenary talk with the same title given by the first author at ICMP Montreal 2018. The reader wishing to follow more closely the evolution and development of the ideas in this paper is invited to consult Deift et al. in the arXiv 2012–2019.In this paper, the authors discuss various results on universality in numerical computation with random data, obtained by the authors and their collaborators—C. Pfrang, G. Menon, S. Olver, and S. Miller—at various stages over the last 6–7 years. This paper follows closely the plenary talk with the same title given by the first author at ICMP Montreal 2018. The reader wishing to follow more closely the evolution and development of the ideas in this paper is invited to consult Deift et al. in the arXiv 2012–2019.