cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuum dynamics of the 1-D Heisenberg antiferromagnet: Identification with the O(3) nonlinear sigma model

Abstract An action-angle representation of spin variables is used to relate the large-S Heisenberg antiferromagnet to the O(3) nonlinear sigma model quantum field theory, with precise equivalence for integral S. A variant theory is found for half-integral S. Dynamic mass generation by the Neel magnon is predicted.
The Distribution of Aerosol Over Sea and Ice

The southern hemisphere ocean is characterized by strong westerly winds and immense waves. These winds and waves are the result of the family of cyclones along the polar front. The region poleward of the polar front has much calmer seas, but aerosol production at this relatively calm sea surface is sufficient to produce an enhanced aerosol concentration in the lower kilometer of the atmosphere, around the periphery of the Antarctic continent.
Development and Implementation of a Simple, Engaging Acid Rain Neutralization Experiment and Corresponding Animated Instructional Video for Introductory Chemistry Students.

Here we describe an acid rain neutralization laboratory experiment and its corresponding instructional video. This experiment has been developed and implemented for use in the teaching laboratory of a large introductory chemistry course at Brown University. It provides a contextually relevant example to introduce beginner-level students with little or no acid–base chemistry background to the basic theories of solution chemistry. First, students measure the conductivity of water samples with different ionic compositions, serving as an introduction to the conductivity of solutions. Second, to simulate the neutralization reaction between acid rain and limestone as it occurs in nature, students pass a sulfuric acid solution through a column containing calcium carbonate and monitor the conductivity of the resulting solution. Students are then required to graph conductivity versus volume of sulfuric acid added to the calcium carbonate column and use the resulting plot to calculate the equivalence point. Additio...
Christian Pastoral Care and Psychotherapy: a Need for Theoretical Clarity

Recently, Christian pastoral care and psychotherapy have shown an increasing interest in embracing each other more than ever before. Theoretical clarity is essential both to maintain the individual...
An Experimental Study of Change Detection in Uncertain Chain-Like Systems

In this study, a decentralized time-domain identification technique for chain-like MDOF systems is used in conjunction with a probabilistic framework to obtain a stochastic representation of estimated changes in stiffness-like and damping-like structural coefficients in a laboratory three-story building structure that had been tested at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effects of Local Anesthetics and Opioids on Human Isolated Umbilical Arteries

Background: An adequate uteroplacental and fetal blood flow during labor and cesarean delivery is of prime importance for fetal well-being and neonatal outcome. Methods: Using the vascular smooth muscle of the human isolated umbilical arteries, this study was performed to see whether commonly used local anesthetics (bupivacaine, lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine) and opioids (morphine,fentanyl and meperidine) could induce contracion or relaxation of these resting and precontracted vessels. Rings from human umbilical arteries were prepared by microdissection. The vessel rings were mounted in tissue baths for an isometrie recording of the contractile activity. For resting muscles, the reactivity to drugs is expressed as a percentage of a maximal KCl-induced contractian, and for precontracted muscle, it is expressed as a percentage of a submaximal KC1-induced contraction. Results: Bupivacaine, lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine all induced contractions. Bupivacaine showed a maximal contraction (46.7 ± 10.5%) at concentrations of 43 μM, lidocaine 19.7 ± 4.8% at 0.11 mM. and 2-chloroprocaine showed 14.6 ± 2.9% at 0.65 mM. Morphine, fentanyl and meperidine all induced contractions. Morphine showed a maximal contraction (19.6 ± 7.1%) at a concentration of 10-⁴ M, meperidine at 17.2 ± 8.4% at 3×10-5 M, and fentanyl at 1.7 ± 2.0% at 3 × 10-6 M. When umbilical arteries were induced to contract with a submaximal concentration of KC1, bupivacaine and lidocaine showed an ability to increase the magnitude of the sustained contraction, but 2-chloroprocaine showed a relaxation of the sustained contraction. Morphine, fentanyl and meperidine showed no change in the sustained contraction. Conclusions: This study demonstrates these local anesthetics and opioids as vasoactive on human umbilical arteries. If applicable in vivo, these drugs might have some influence on umbilical vessel tone and thus might reduce umbilical blood flow.
Complete sequence analysis of Enterovirus 71 strain from a fatal case of hand-foot-mouth disease during an epidemic of Henan province in 2010

Aim: To investigate the genetic characteristics of Enterovirus 71(EV71) circulating strains of Henan province in 2010.Methods:The EV71 strain isolated from a fatal case of hand-foot-mouth disease during an epidemic of Henan in 2010 was chosen.Its complete genome was sequenced and analyzed comparatively.Results: The results showed that EV71/Henan/DC/2010 had no insertion or deletion detected in the coding region but several insertions and deletions in 5’and 3’UTR.Phylogenetic analysis of EV71/Henan/DC/2010 and reference strains showed it had the highest nuclyeotide homology with 2008 Beijing epidemicstrain FJ606448(99.2%),and with Anhui epidemicstrain EU703813 and Henan epidemicstrain GU366191(98.1% and 99.1%).The majority nucleotide variations were nonsensemutation,and the corresponding amino acid did not change along with it.In all but VP3 regions,EV71/Henan/DC/2010 had the highest nucleotide homology with C4 subtype.It clustered with reference strains of C4 subtype in the phylogenetic tree.Conclusion: EV71/Henan/DC/2010 strain has the nearest genetic relationship with 2008 Beijing epidemicstrain FJ606448,both belong to the C4 subtype.EV71/Henan/DC/2010 strain has not remarkable variation.
Nutrient availability and corn growth in a poultry litter biochar‐amended loam soil in a greenhouse experiment

Nutrient-rich biochar produced from animal wastes, such as poultry litter, may increase plant growth and nutrient uptake although the role of direct and indirect mechanisms, such as stimulation of the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and plant infection, remains unclear. The effects of poultry litter biochar in combination with fertilizer on mycorrhizal infection, soil nutrient availability and corn (Zea mays L.) growth were investigated by growing corn in a loam soil in a greenhouse with biochar (0, 5 and 10 Mg/ha) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, half and full rates). Biochar did not affect microbial biomass C or N, mycorrhizal infection, or alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, but acid phosphomonoesterase activities, water-soluble P, Mehlich-3 Mg, plant height, aboveground and root biomass, and root diameter were greater with 10 Mg/ha than with no biochar. Root length, volume, root tips and surface area were greatest in the fully fertilized soil receiving 10 Mg/ha biochar compared to all other treatments. The 10 Mg/ha biochar application may have improved plant access to soil nutrients by promoting plant growth and root structural features, rather than by enhancing mycorrhizal infection rates.
Automated FiO2 control: nice to have, or an essential addition to neonatal intensive care?

Oxygen is one of the drugs most frequently used in neonates, yet often with the highest concentrations given to those with the least developed defence mechanisms to its potentially toxic side effects. To what extent even minor variations in blood oxygen levels may affect longer-term outcomes such as mortality, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) was recently shown in the large trials contributing to the NEOPROM collaboration.1 In addition to the importance of closely maintaining an assigned baseline target range, avoiding intermittent hypoxaemia or hyperoxaemia (eg, a pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) 95%) may be equally important.2 Given this situation, combined with the high workload the nursing staff caring for preterm infants often face, close control of oxygen levels is a task that may best be left to a computer algorithm rather than the bedside nurse. The properties required of such algorithms, however, are manifold: they should be able to respond to both, a gradual change in oxygen requirements and sudden hypoxaemia, and should also be capable of avoiding the build-up of increasing fluctuations in FiO2/SpO2 during periods with oscillating SpO2 values (eg, during periodic breathing). Given these requirements, it may not come as a surprise that studies validating such devices are only slowly becoming available, while comparative data on their effectiveness are yet lacking altogether. Most FiO2 controllers currently available are rule-based, that is, respond to any deviation from target SpO2 according to a set …
Rethinking the problem of cognition

The present century has seen renewed interest in characterizing cognition, the object of inquiry of the cognitive sciences. In this paper, I describe the problem of cognition—the absence of a positive characterization of cognition despite a felt need for one. It is widely recognized that the problem is motivated by decades of controversy among cognitive scientists over foundational questions, such as whether non-neural parts of the body or environment can realize cognitive processes, or whether plants and microbes have cognitive processes. The dominant strategy for addressing the problem of cognition is to seek a dichotomous criterion that vindicates some set of controversial claims. However, I argue that the problem of cognition is also motivated by ongoing conceptual development in cognitive science, and I describe four benefits that a characterization of cognition could confer. Given these benefits, I recommend an alternative criterion of success, ecumenical extensional adequacy, on which the aim is to describe the variation in expert judgments rather than to correct this variation by taking sides in sectarian disputes. I argue that if we had an ecumenical solution to the problem of cognition, we would have achieved much of what we should want from a “mark of the cognitive”.
Case 2: An unusual cause of urinary symptoms.

A 3.5-year-old Mexican-American boy presented to the emergency department with a three-month history of increasing dysuria, voluntary urinary retention and ‘dribbling’. The pain was described as severe, and was localized to the penis and periumbilical area. His mother reported that he had cried on urination since infancy, and although doctors in Mexico had recommended a circumcision, the procedure was never performed. He was otherwise asymptomatic, without fevers or gastrointestinal symptoms. He avoided liquids in an effort to minimize urination, consuming less than 1 L a day. After refusing to urinate for as long as possible, he would exhibit overflow incontinence for several hours. There was no history of prescription or over-the-counter medication use. Past medical history was otherwise unremarkable. Neither his three older siblings nor his parents exhibited similar symptoms at the time. The child’s paternal grandmother had a history of nephrolithiasis resulting in renal failure and nephrectomy. His father had a history of dysuria as a child, for which he was circumcised without further incident. Review of systems was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed an anxious but well-appearing boy. His vital signs were normal, and his height and weight were at the 40th percentile. Abdominal palpation did not elicit pain, and no masses were detected. There was no “flank” tenderness. His rectal tone was normal, as was the neurological examination of the legs. The penis was uncircumcised without any gross abnormalities of the foreskin or urethral meatus. The penis was not tender to palpation, and the foreskin was easily retractable. Initial laboratory studies included a normal complete blood count, albumin, phosphate, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The chemistry panel revealed a normal anion gap acidosis with a sodium of 135 mmol/L, potassium of 3.3 mmol/L, chloride of 106 mmol/L and bicarbonate of 17 mmol/L. This acidosis resolved itself over the course of hospitalization with intravenous hydration. Urine was collected by catheterization, and urinalysis revealed 3+ leukocyte esterase, positive nitrites, pH of 6.5, 1+ protein, 3+ blood, 25 to 50 white blood cells/high power field, eight to 25 red blood cells/high power field, no casts and many bacteria. Urine culture grew greater than 100,000 colony forming units/mL of Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis. Further investigation elucidated the underlying problem.
Leptomycin B alters the subcellular distribution of CRM1 (Exportin 1)

CRM1 (chromosome maintenance region 1, Exportin 1) binds to nuclear export signals and is required for nucleocytoplasmic transport of a large variety of proteins and RNP complexes. Leptomycin B (LMB), the first specific inhibitor of CRM1 identified, binds covalently to cysteine 528 in the nuclear export signal binding region of CRM1 leading to the inhibition of protein nuclear export. Although the biochemical mechanisms of action of CRM1 inhibitors such as LMB are well studied, the subcellular effects of inhibition on CRM1 are unknown. We have found that LMB causes CRM1 to redistribute from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in A549 cells. A significant decrease in nuclear CRM1 coupled with an increase in cytoplasmic CRM1 was sustained for up to 4 h, while there was no change in total CRM1 protein in fractionated cells. Cells expressing an LMB insensitive HA-tagged CRM1-C528S protein were unaffected by LMB treatment, whereas HA-tagged wildtype CRM1 redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with LMB treatment, similar to endogenous CRM1. GFP-tagged CRM1 protein microinjected into the cytoplasm of A549 cells distributed throughout the cell in untreated cells remained primarily cytoplasmic in LMB-treated cells. Upon nuclear microinjection, GFP-CRM1 translocated to and accumulated in the cytoplasm of LMB-treated cells. Thus, LMB binds to CRM1 and causes its redistribution to the cytoplasm by inhibiting its nuclear import. Decreasing the nuclear availability of CRM1 likely contributes to the accumulation of CRM1 cargo proteins in the nucleus, suggesting a new mechanism of action for LMB.
The PING Model of Gamma Rhythms

When populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons are synaptically connected, oscillations often emerge. The reason is apparent: Activity of the excitatory neurons (which we will call E-cells from here on, as we did in Chapter 22) generates activity of the inhibitory neurons (I-cells). The activity of the I-cells causes the activity of the E-cells to cease transiently, and when it resumes, the E-cell population is closer to synchrony, as discussed in Chapter 29 The oscillations in Chapter 22 are of a similar nature, although there individual cells were not modeled. Figure 30.1 (nearly identical with Fig. 22.1) represents the interaction of E- and I-cells symbolically.
No Sex, Cursing and Politics: Adult Views of Inappropriate Facebook Posts:

With the increasing popularity of Facebook among adult users and the diverse social networks, especially based on age, that adults form on Facebook, it is important to examine what adult Facebook u...
Outage Detection Using Load and Line Flow Measurements in Power Distribution Systems

An outage detection framework for power distribution networks is proposed. Given the tree structure of a distribution system, a detection method is developed combining the use of real-time power flow measurements on the edges of the tree with load forecasts at the nodes of the tree. The maximum likelihood detection decision for an arbitrary number of outages is shown to be efficiently computable due to decoupling across local areas determined by the sensor locations. To minimize the maximum missed detection probability, the optimal sensor placement is efficiently computed as well. Finally, a set of case studies is conducted using feeder data from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories. It is shown that $10\%$ mean detection error probability can be achieved by a sensor density of $30\%$ for a typical feeder with the proposed optimal sensor placement and outage detection methods.
Design of stochastic collocation based linear parameter varying quadratic regulator

This paper presents a linear quadratic regulator design based on stochastic collocation for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. We treat the scheduling parameters as random variables and apply polynomial chaos theory to synthesize LPV regulator. The synthesis problem is shown to be convex and is compared with sampling based approach. We show that the stochastic collocation approach is computationally more efficient and generates a better performing controller for an example problem.
Developing a Systematic Method for Identifying and Ranking Freeway Bottlenecks Using Vehicle Probe Data

AbstractTraffic congestion and freeway bottlenecks continue to challenge existing transportation networks. This study presents a systematic method to evaluate freeway performance and locate and ran...
Engaging Youth in Municipal Government: Moving Toward a Youth-Centric Practice

Youth councils are one mechanism to engage youth in community governance; yet, there is scant research to guide practice. This study examined the extent to which youth are engaged in the origin, st...
Advertising and Pseudo-Culture: An Analysis of the Changing Portrayal of Women in Print Advertisements

This study investigates the use of mass media, specifically advertising, in cultural transformation projects to weaken cultures and replace them with a crafted pseudo-culture. We rely on Adorno’s t...
The impact of ambrisentan and tadalafil upfront combination therapy on cardiac function in scleroderma associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients: cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking study:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of upfront combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH). LV and RV peak longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rate (SR), which consisted of peak systolic SR (SRs), peak early diastolic SR (SRe), and peak atrial-diastolic SR (SRa) were analyzed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) data from the recently published ATPAHSS-O trial (ambrisentan and tadalafil upfront combination therapy in SSc-PAH). Twenty-one patients completed the study protocol. Measures of RV systolic function (RV free wall [RVFW] peak longitudinal strain [pLS], RVFW peak longitudinal SRs [pLSRs]) and RV diastolic function (RVFW peak longitudinal SRa [pLSRa], RVFW peak circumferential SRe) were improved after treatment. LV systolic function (LV peak global longitudinal strain [pGLS]) and diastolic function (LV peak global longitudinal SRe [pGLSRe]) were also significantly improved at follow-up. Increased 6-min walk distance was significantly correlated with RVFW pLS and pLSRs, while the decrease in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was correlated with LV pGLS. Increased cardiac index was associated with improved LV pGLSRe, and reduction in mean right atrial pressure was correlated with improved RVFW pLS and pLSRa. Combination therapy was associated with a significant improvement in both RV and LV function as assessed by CMR-derived strain and SR. Importantly, the improvement in RV and LV strain and SR correlated with improvements in known prognostic markers of PAH. (Approved by clinicaltrials.gov [NCT01042158] before patient recruitment.).
The Effect of Urinary pH on the Saturation of Calcium and Oxalate and on Urinary Crystal Formation

Alteration of urinary pH within the physiologic range has little effect upon previously formed calcium oxalate crystals or stones. Nevertheless, calcium oxalate crystallization appears to be quite sensitive to small pH changes with a preferential point of crystallization being 5.0.
'Who, When, and Where?' Location Proof Assertion for Mobile Devices

In recent years, location of mobile devices has become an important factor. Mobile device users can easily access various customized applications from the service providers based on the current physical location information. Nonetheless, it is a significant challenge in distributed architectures for users to prove their presence at a particular location in a privacy-protected and secured manner. So far, researchers have proposed multiple schemes to implement a secure location proof collection mechanism. However, such location proof schemes are subject to tampering and not resistant to collusion attacks. Additionally, the location authority providing a location proof is assumed to be honest at all times. In this paper, we present the fundamental requirements of any location proof generation scheme, and illustrate the potential attacks possible in such non-federated environments. Based on our observations, we introduce a concept of witness oriented endorsements, and describe a collusion-resistant protocol for asserted location proofs.We provide an exhaustive security analysis of the proposed architecture, based on all possible collusion models among the user, location authority, and witness. We also present a prototype implementation and extensive experimental results to adjust different threshold values and illustrate the feasibility of deploying the protocol in regular devices for practical use.
Definitive experimental evidence for localization

This chapter presents the definitive experimental evidence for localization. Isolated blastomere experiments were undertaken initially to test whether the early embryo is indeed a mosaic of preformational areas and their eventual result was to establish localization as one of the primary phenomena of embryogenesis.. The chapter discusses a study in which Wilson did experiments with the embryos of the mollusk Patella coerulea . In this study, Wilson isolated a number of different presumptive cell types in low calcium seawater and observed their subsequent course of development [A6]
Burrow, Thomas (1909–1986)

Thomas Burrow's (1909–1986) first book on the Kharosthi documents analyzes them as related to a Prakrit of Northwest India, now in the Peshawar region. In the 1960s, with Murray B. Emeneau, he made a signal contribution to the study of the other great language family of India, Dravidian. Their Dravidian Etymological dictionary first appeared in 1961. It has been called a landmark event in Dravidian linguistics.
Temperature evolution of optical properties in plasmonic metals (Conference Presentation)

Understanding the temperature evolution of optical properties in thin metals is critical for rational design of practical metal based nanophotonic components operating at high temperatures in a variety of research areas, including plasmonics and near-field radiative heat transfer. In this talk, we will present our recent experimental findings on the temperature induced deviations in the optical responses of single- and poly-crystalline metal films – gold, silver and titanium nitride thin films - at elevated temperatures upto 900 0C, in the wavelength range from 370 to 2000 nm. Our findings show that while the real part of the dielectric function changes marginally with temperature, the imaginary part varies drastically. Furthermore, the temperature dependencies were found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness and microstructure/crystallinity. We attribute the observed changes in the optical properties to predominantly three physical processes: 1) increasing electron-phonon interactions, 2) reducing free electron densities and, 3) changes in the electron effective mass. Using extensive numerical simulations we demonstrate the importance of incorporating the temperature induced deviations into numerical models for accurate multiphysics modeling of practical high temperature plasmonic components. We also provide experiment-fitted models to describe the temperature-dependent metal dielectric functions as a sum of Drude and critical point/Lorentz oscillators. These causal analytical models could enable accurate multiphysics modeling of nanophotonic and plasmonic components operating at high temperatures in both frequency and time domains.
How Should Health Professionals and Policy Makers Respond to Substandard Care of Detained Immigrants

More people, including children and pregnant women, are being detained for longer periods in a patchwork of over 200 detention centers around the country, most of which are private facilities or county jails. Human Rights Watch has documented systemic medical care failures at these facilities, including incompetent treatment, which is linked to patient deaths. Clinicians working in these facilities face formidable obstacles to providing adequate care, two of which are the Department of Homeland Security's lack of reasonable alternatives to detention and insufficient staffing. Harm caused by these conditions and detention itself should be enough to prompt clinicians to insist that the government enable provision of care consistent with generally accepted standards, including through reducing the detained population.
Changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis A after the implementation of universal childhood vaccination in Shandong Province, China: A comparison between 2006 and 2014.

Abstract Objectives The hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) has been included in the national expanded program on immunization (EPI) in China since 2008. This study was performed to evaluate the change in dynamics of the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) before and after the introduction of the program. Methods The trends in seroepidemiology of anti-HAV antibodies were examined in Shandong Province, China, drawing on two population-based samples of persons aged 1–59 years, one obtained in the year 2006 (n = 6682) and the other in 2014 (n = 5095). Results A dramatic increase in seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies from 30.76% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.24–35.28%) to 77.46% (95% CI 74.04–80.87%) among children aged 1.5–7 years (born after HepA was recommended for routine childhood immunization), as well as an increase from 35.32% (95% CI 29.31–41.33%) to 66.69% (95% CI 55.59–77.80%) in subjects aged 8–14 years, was observed in 2014 when compared with 2006. By contrast, a decline in seroprevalence among subjects aged 15–29 years, as seen particularly in those 20–29 years of age, from 85.72% (95% CI 80.29–91.14%) to 69.24% (95% CI 62.02–76.45%), was found in this study. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between 2006 and 2014 among the subjects older than 30 years of age. Conclusions The national HepA routine immunization program has had a positive effect, leading to an increase in anti-HAV seroprevalence among children in Shandong Province, China. More attention should be paid to young adults in the province.
Synthesis of Diphenic Acid Derivatives

Five new derivatives of diphenic acid were prepared for the purpose of studying their antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antispasmodic, and/or local anesthetic activity: o,o′-bis(2-nitro-1,3-dihydroxypropyl)biphenyl disodium salt; o,o′-bis(3-benzoxy-2-benzamido-1-hydroxypropyl)biphenyl; o,o′-bis(β-dichloroacetamidoethyl)diphenate; N,N′-bis(benzenesulfonyl)-o,o′-diphenoylurea, and m,m′-bis(Ncarboxymethyl)diphenamide.
Learning not to remember: How predicting the future impairs encoding of the present

Abstract Memory is typically thought of as enabling reminiscence about past experiences. However, memory also informs and guides processing of future experiences. These two functions of memory are inherently incompatible: remembering specific experiences from the past requires storing idiosyncratic properties that define particular moments in space and time, but by definition such properties will not be shared with similar situations in the future and thus are not useful for prediction. We discovered that, when faced with this conflict, the brain prioritizes prediction over encoding. Behavioral tests of recognition and source recall showed that items allowing for prediction of what will appear next based on learned regularities were less likely to be encoded into memory. Brain imaging revealed that the hippocampus was responsible for this interference between statistical learning and episodic memory. The more that the hippocampus predicted the category of an upcoming item, the worse the current item was encoded. This competition may serve an adaptive purpose, focusing encoding on experiences for which we do not yet have a predictive model.
Effects of replacing menhaden fishmeal with cottonseed flour on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

Abstract Low-gossypol cottonseed flour (CSF) is a promising plant protein feedstuff to partially replace fishmeal (FM) in aquafeeds. In the present study, two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus fed diets with FM substituted by CSF. In feeding trial 1, the Reference diet was formulated to contain 43% crude protein equally contributed by menhaden FM and soy protein concentrate. Five experimental diets were prepared with, 0 (Reference), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the dietary protein from FM replaced by CSF with lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and taurine (Tau) supplemented to established requirement levels. In trial 2, the diet with 75% of FM protein replaced with CSF was supplemented with potential palatability enhancers such as glycine, fish solubles, krill meal, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and citric acid. In trials 1 and 2, diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile fish with average initial weights (±SEM) of 3.4 ± 0.1 and 23.3 ± 0.3 g/fish for 8 and 6 weeks, respectively. In feeding trial 1, fish responses including percent weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were gradually reduced with increasing levels of CSF substitution, resulting in significant (P .05). The whole-body protein of fish fed CSF75 + IMP diet was significantly (P
Investigation and analysis of soil-transmitted nematodes infection in Xinning, Hunan, 2006-2011

Objective To find the trend of soil-transmitted nematodes infection in Xinning,in order to provide scientific basis for controling the disease.Methods The investigation was carried out annually in Liye Village,Gaoqiao Town,Xinning County from September to November,2006 to 2011.The number of soil-transmitted nematodes eggs were checked with Kato-Katz,Enterobius vermicularis eggs in child were examined with cellophane tape anal swab method.Results A total of 5021 residents were examined from 2006 to 2010.The infection rate of ascariasis decreased to 0.70％ in 2010 from 6.78％ in 2006,the infection rate of ancylostomiasis decreased to 0.30％ in 2010 from 2.29％ in 2006,trichuriasis was not detected in 2006,2008and 2009,the infection rate of enterobiasis was 0.70％,0.60％ in 2006 and 2007,but not detected in 2008,2009 and 2010.Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in Xinning County declined from 2006 to 2011. Key words: Nematode infection; Soil-transmitted nematodes; Epidemiology; Monitor; Infection rate
Evaluation of a mammography decision aid for women 75 and older at risk for lower health literacy in a pretest-posttest trial.

Abstract Objective The evaluation of the effect of a mammography decision aid (DA) designed for older women at risk for lower health literacy (LHL) on their knowledge of mammography’s benefits and harms and decisional conflict. Methods Using a pretest-posttest design, women > 75 years at risk for LHL reviewing a mammography DA before and after their [B] primary care provider visit. Women were recruited from an academic medical center and community health centers and clinics. Results Of 147 eligible women approached, 43 participated. Receipt of the DA significantly affected knowledge of mammography’s benefits and harms [B] (pre-test (M = 3.75, SD = 1.05) to post-test (M = 4.42, SD = 1.19), p = .03). Receipt of the DA did not significantly affect decisional conflict (pre-test (M = 3.10, SD = .97) to post-test (M = 3.23, SD = 1.02), p = .71, higher scores = lower decisional conflict). The majority of the women (97%) indicated that the DA was helpful. Conclusions Women found a mammography screening DA helpful and its use was associated with these women having increased knowledge of mammography’s benefits and harms. Practice Implications With the shift toward shared decision-making for women > 75 years, there is a need to engage women of all literacy levels to participate in these decisions and have tools such as the one tested in this study.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A computerized Ovid search of MEDLINE 1970-March 2004 was performed. The terms “hearing loss,” “deafness,” “hearing loss, sensorineural,” and “hearing loss, sudden” were exploded and the resulting articles were combined. These articles were then cross-referenced with articles obtained by exploding the term “steroids.” This process yielded 320 publications. These studies were then reviewed to identify those that met the following inclusion criteria: 1) a discrete set of patients with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of “acute” or “sudden” onset or occurring over ≤3 days, 2) intervention with systemic steroids versus placebo or systemic steroids versus no intervention, 3) outcome measured with standard audiometry (i.e., pure tone and speech reception thresholds, speech discrimination scores). Studies with the following characteristics were excluded: a) patients with a known cause of SNHL, nonacute or repetitive SHNL, b) intervention with intratympanic steroids (see Section 13.D), c) comparison of steroids with another therapy, d) amalgamation of patients receiving other treatments with either the steroid or nonsteroid treatment groups.
Is Science Different for Lawyers

Courts are obligated to evaluate the basis for proffered expert opinion to determine whether it is reliable and valid. This gate-keeping requirement compels them to review a wide variety of expertises, from auto mechanics to physicists. Increasingly, in the area of forensic science in particular, courts have begun to question whether the scientific method ought to be the touchstone by which they examine expert opinions, because doing so would appear to require the exclusion of evidence, such as fingerprinting, that is a staple of the trial process. In this Policy Forum, D. L. Faigman argues that the scientific method should be the touchstone by which all experts are judged. Scientists can be instrumental in assisting courts in the admittedly difficult task of evaluating the wide range of experts and expertises that make their way into court.
Introduction to the Buildings Sector Module of SEDS

E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Introduction to the Buildings Sector Module of SEDS Nicholas DeForest, Florence Bonnet, Michael Stadler, Chris Marnay Environmental Energy Technologies Division December 31, 2010 http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/emp-pubs.html The work described in this document was funded by the Planning, Budget, and Analysis section of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and Distributed Systems Integration Program in the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231
Development and Characterization of DP-153, a Nontumorigenic Prostatic Cell Line That Undergoes Malignant Transformation by Expression of Dominant-negative Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Type II

We have developed a nontumorigenic epithelial cell line, DP-153, from the dorsal prostate of a Lobund/Wistar rat treated with N -methyl- N -nitrosourea and testosterone propionate. DP-153 cells express cytokeratins 5 and 14, but not cytokeratin 18, consistent with a basal epithelial cell phenotype. Similar to the nontumorigenic NRP-152 prostatic cell line, DP-153 cells do not form tumors in athymic mice and retain many of the properties of normal prostatic cells. They express prostatic acid phosphatase and androgen receptors and require several mitogens (epidermal growth factor, insulin, dexamethasone, and cholera toxin) for sustained growth in culture under serum-containing conditions. DP-153 cells are also growth-stimulated by keratinocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and growth-inhibited by all-trans- retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. We demonstrate that expression of dominant-negative TGF-β receptor type II by retroviral transduction of DP-153 cells leads to complete loss of TGF-β1-induced growth inhibition. When transplanted s.c. in athymic mice, DP-153 cells expressing dominant-negative TGF-β receptor type II form tumors as early as 4 weeks, in contrast to the vector control and parental cell line, which do not form tumors even 8 months after transplantation, supporting the observation that TGF-β functions as a tumor suppressor in these cells. Our data further support that DP-153 is a suitable cell line for analysis of normal prostatic growth and carcinogenesis.
Vision‐Enhancing Interventions in Nursing Home Residents and Their Short‐Term Effect on Physical and Cognitive Function

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of vision-enhancing interventions (cataract surgery or refractive error correction) on physical function and cognitive status in nursing home residents. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Seventeen nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 187 English-speaking adults aged 55 and older. INTERVENTION: Participants took part in one of two vision-enhancing interventions: cataract surgery or refractive error correction. Each group was compared against a control group (persons eligible for but who declined cataract surgery or who received delayed correction of refractive error). MEASUREMENTS: Physical function (ability to perform activities of daily living and mobility) was assessed using a series of self-report and certified nursing assistant ratings at baseline and at 2 months for the refractive error correction group and at 4 months for the cataract surgery group. The Mini Mental State Examination was also administered. RESULTS: No significant differences existed within or between groups from baseline to follow-up on any of the measures of physical function. Mental status scores significantly declined from baseline to follow-up for the immediate (P=.05) and delayed (P<.02) refractive error correction groups and for the cataract surgery control group (P=.05). CONCLUSION: Vision-enhancing interventions did not lead to short-term improvements in physical functioning or cognitive status in this sample of elderly nursing home residents.
Dynamic Assessment: A Dialectical Integration of Assessment and Instruction

Formative assessment (FA), in contrast to product-oriented summative assessment, is carried out in the classroom for the purpose of providing students with developmental feedback. Closely related to instruction, FA is done to analyze both learning goals and the instructional processes involved. This kind of classroom-based assessment can be used to raise the learners’ awareness of the language content and lesson objectives (Rea-Dickins, 2001; Rea-Dickins, 2006; Rea-Dickins & Gardner, 2000). According to Rea-Dickens (2007), good FA practices provide learners with ample opportunities for language practice through engaging them in collaborative learning activities and offering them self- and peer- assessment opportunities.
Post-Melting-Pot Realism

Neoliberalism, Transnationalization and Rural Poverty: A Case Study of Michoacan Mexico. John Gledhill. Boulder American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins. Sarah Mahler. Princeton
8 – Volume Rendering Using Splatting

The term “splat” means to spread flat or flatten out. It was first used for the deposition of a single 3D reconstruction kernel being projected and integrated onto the image screen. These were referred to as footprints, implying the extent to which a single voxel or reconstruction kernel covers the image plane. This chapter discusses some design goals that lead to the most effective kernels for splatting. In splatting, each voxel is represented by a 3D kernel weighted by the voxel value. The 3D kernels are integrated into a generic 2D footprint along the traversing ray from the eye. This footprint can be efficiently mapped onto the image plane; the final image is obtained by the collection of all projected footprints weighted by the voxel values. This splatting approach is fast, but it suffers from color bleeding and popping artifacts due to incorrect volume integration. The chapter also examines the illumination or volume rendering integral.
Film Cooling Parameter Waveforms on a Turbine Blade Leading Edge Model With Oscillating Stagnation Line

It is necessary to understand how film cooling influences the external convective boundary condition involving both the adiabatic wall temperature and the heat transfer coefficient in order to predict the thermal durability of a gas turbine hot gas path component. Most studies in the past have considered only steady flow, but studies of the unsteadiness naturally present in turbine flow have become more prevalent. One source of unsteadiness is wake passage from upstream components which can cause fluctuations in the stagnation location on turbine airfoils. This in turn causes unsteadiness in the behavior of the leading edge coolant jets and thus fluctuations in both the adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient. The dynamics of h and η are now quantifiable with modern inverse heat transfer methods and non-intrusive infrared thermography. The present study involved the application of a novel inverse heat transfer methodology to determine time resolved adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient waveforms on a simulated turbine blade leading edge with an oscillating stagnation position. The leading edge geometry was simulated with a circular cylinder with a coolant hole located 21.5° downstream from the leading edge stagnation line, angled 20° to the surface and 90° to the streamwise direction. The coolant plume is shown to shift in response to the stagnation line movement. These oscillations thus influence the film cooling coverage and the time-averaged benefit of film cooling is influenced by the oscillation.
Semiconductor fabrication equipment technician training at John Tyler Community College

Successful semiconductor fabrication requires an active partnership between process and equipment personnel. Properly trained equipment technicians are an important part of the equipment team. This paper addresses the importance of these team members and the educational process employed at John Tyler Community College in training these technicians.
Regional low-flow perfusion provides cerebral circulatory support during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction

Abstract Objective: Because of concerns regarding the effects of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest on the neonatal brain, we have developed a technique of regional low-flow perfusion that provides cerebral circulatory support during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction. Methods: We studied the effects of regional low-flow perfusion on cerebral oxygen saturation and blood volume as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in 6 neonates who underwent aortic arch reconstruction and compared these effects with 6 children who underwent cardiac repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Results: All the children survived with no observed neurologic sequelae. Near-infrared spectroscopy documented significant decreases in both cerebral blood volume and oxygen saturations in children who underwent repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest as compared with children with regional low-flow perfusion. Reacquisition of baseline cerebral blood volume and cerebral oxygen saturations were accomplished with a regional low-flow perfusion rate of 20 mL · kg –1 · min –1 . Conclusions: Regional low-flow perfusion is a safe and simple bypass management technique that provides cerebral circulatory support during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction. The reduction of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest time required may reduce the risk of cognitive and psychomotor deficits. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:331-9)
Assessing the susceptibility of female black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) to longline fisheries during their post-breeding dispersal: an integrated approach

Abstract Albatross movements and foraging grounds during the post-breeding dispersal are poorly understood, despite their important conservation implications. We tracked four female black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) for 100 days during their summer (July–September, 1997–1999) post-breeding dispersal off California, and compared their movements to the distribution of fishing effort from the Japanese Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) longline fishery. The tracked birds foraged largely along the transition zone between the California Current and the Central Pacific Gyre, and spent 25, 24, and 51% of their time at sea within the 200-mile exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the USA and Mexico, and the high seas (international waters) respectively. The satellite-tracked birds occupied subtropical waters (18–20 °C) targeted by longline fisheries for tuna (Thunnus spp.) and broad-bill swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and ranged disproportionately farther during daylight hours, when tuna fisheries operate. The available data suggest that albatrosses overlap temporally and spatially with longline fisheries in the northeast Pacific Ocean. However, this research cannot directly evaluate whether black-footed albatross bycatch occurs in these fisheries. The coarse temporal (monthly) and spatial (1°×1°) resolution of the fisheries data, and the dynamic nature of the fishing effort inhibited a fine-scale analysis of albatross overlap with longline fisheries. While we documented substantial spatial overlap between albatross distributions and the Japanese EPO longline fishing effort during the 1980s, we found no co-occurrence during the 1990s. This study illustrates the value of satellite telemetry to assess national conservation responsibilities, and to identify potential interactions of protected species with fisheries not currently monitored by observer programs. Furthermore, our results underscore the need to exercise caution when interpreting satellite telemetry data for conservation purposes, because of the highly dynamic nature of pelagic fisheries.