cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HOUSING CONSUMPTION DECLINES WITH INCOME IN THE OPEN‐CITY MODEL: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

This paper demonstrates that the standard urban model (SUM) has important, previously unknown, and rather counterintuitive predictions about the determinants of housing consumption in cities. For example, the SUM predicts that, as higher wages in the central business district prompt city growth, the housing space per household falls, that is, rising income is associated with falling housing consumption. Empirical testing using a specially constructed panel data set of U.S. cities, confirms this prediction. When city size, income, and housing price rise, housing space per household falls.
Analysis of Epithelial Cell Surface Polarity Development with Monoclonal Antibodies

The cells of transporting epithelia are organized into either sheets or tubules so that they provide a barrier between two compartments, the mucosal and serosal, which are essential for the proper physiological functioning of a variety of organs and tissues. The plasma membrane of epithelial cells is divided into two unique domains: the apical membrane, which borders the mucosal or luminal side, and the basolateral membrane, which contacts the basal lamina on the serosal side of the epithelium (Berridge and Oschman, 1972). At the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains is a differentiated region of the plasma membrane termed the junctional complex (Farquhar and Palade, 1963), and one of these membrane specializations, the tight junction, seals the lateral space, preventing the transepithelial movement of ions and larger molecules (Farquhar and Palade, 1963; Staehelin, 1974).
Paradoxes and Axioms

In the preceding chapter we gave a brief exposition of the first, basic results of set theory, as it was created by Cantor and the pioneers who followed him in the last twenty five years of the 19th century. By the beginning of our own century, the theory had matured and justified itself with diverse and significant applications, particularly in mathematical analysis. Perhaps its greatest success was the creation of an exceptionally beautiful and useful transfinite arithmetic, which introduces and studies the operations of addition, multiplication and exponentiation on infinite numbers. By 1900, there were still two fundamental problems about equinumerosity which remained unsolved. These have played a decisive role in the subsequent development of set theory and we will consider them carefully in the following chapters. Here we just state them, in the form of hypotheses.
Oligoanilines as a suppressor of polysulfide shuttling in lithium–sulfur batteries

The migration of small polysulfide (LiPS) chains through the porous polymeric separators seriously jeopardizes the cycle life and energy density of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, we present a new concept in which an organic oligoaniline, amine-capped aniline trimer (ACAT), serves as an effective suppressor of the LiPS migration in Li–S cells. The strong interaction between LiPS and ACAT facilitates the formation of bulky ACAT–LiPS complexes (organoLiPS complexes), which are then size-selectively sieved by the porous polymeric separators employed in Li–S cells. Thus, the addition of ACAT significantly ameliorates the electrochemical performances of Li–S batteries due to suppressed LiPS migration. This new concept offers a viable strategy to achieve practically viable Li–S batteries.
Polyamide/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQD) thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes for high flux desalination

Abstract Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) has been shown as a promising platform to further increase water permeability of commercial polyamide membrane in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. Identification of novel and effective nano-additives, which are significantly smaller than the typical thickness of polyamide membranes (~ 200 nm) and can be facilely incorporated into the interfacial polymerization (IP) process, is crucial to pursue this route. In this study, we prepared nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQD) and for the first time, fabricated polyamide/N-GOQD TFN membranes by IP for RO desalination application. We found adding only 0.02 wt/v% N-GOQD into polyamide membrane drastically increased water permeability by approximately 3 times, while maintaining similar salt rejection as the pristine polyamide membrane. Enhanced water permeability resulted from the improved hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, increased effective membrane surface area, and introduction of larger cavity at the interface between N-GOQD and PA matrix. In addition, favourable chemical bonding between polyamide and N-GOQD also greatly improved thermal stability of polyamide membrane, as indicated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements.
To accommodate or to ignore?: The presuppositions of again and continue across contexts

One central question in presupposition theory concerns the effect of using a presupposition trigger in a context where its presupposition is not supported. We test the predictions of recent accounts based on the idea that presuppositions of certain triggers, such as again, can be ignored entirely in such circumstances. We sketch two possible alternative accounts wherein presuppositions cannot be ignored and provide experimental results suggesting that presupposed content is fully considered for all triggers across contexts. Specifically, we find that presupposition accommodation does takes place when not strictly necessary for the task at hand. We also find some indications of differences between triggers, which are consistent with our alternative accounts.
Structural properties of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides that promote ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux

Peptides mimicking the major protein of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), are promising therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases. Similar to apoA-I, their atheroprotective property is attributed to their ability to form discoidal HDL-like particles by extracting cellular cholesterol and phospholipids from lipid microdomains created by the ABCA1 transporter in a process called cholesterol efflux. The structural features of peptides that enable cholesterol efflux are not well understood. Herein, four synthetic amphipathic peptides denoted ELK, which only contain Glu, Leu, Lys, and sometimes Ala, and which have a wide range of net charges and hydrophobicities, were examined for cholesterol efflux. Experiments show that ELKs with a net neutral charge and a hydrophobic face that subtends an angle of at least 140° are optimal for cholesterol efflux. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that peptides that are effective in promoting cholesterol efflux stabilize HDL nanodiscs formed by these peptides by the orderly covering of the hydrophobic acyl chains on the edge of the disc. In contrast to apoA-I, which forms an anti-parallel double belt around the HDL, active peptides assemble in a mostly anti-parallel “picket fence” arrangement. These results shed light on the efflux ability of apoA-I mimetics and inform the future design of such therapeutics.
Persistent Malar Erythema With Atrophy in a Young Woman

A 21-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic, facial redness that flared in sunlight. She had been previously treated with doxycycline, 100 mg/d, and topical sulfacetamide with no effect. On examination, on the cheeks and nasal bridge there were multiple erythematous, annular plaques with focal areas of atrophy. Her medications included only an oral birth control pill. Serum chemical analyses and complete blood cell count showed no abnormalities, and anti-Ro, anti-La, and qualitative ANA antibodies were negative. A clinical diagnosis was made, and over the next 9 months, treatments with minocycline, desonide, topical metronidazole, 0.75%, cream and azelaic acid, 15%, were unsuccessful, and the plaques developed more scarring and atrophy (Figure, A). In addition, the patient began to develop a burning sensation in these areas. A punch biopsy specimen was obtained and submitted for histopathologic review (Figure, B and C).
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Silicate Glasses and Melts

The application of molecular dynamics to the modeling of glasses is reviewed. Several examples are used to illustrate the value of these computer simulations in advancing our understanding of the structure of silicate glasses. The mixed alkali effect is explained in terms of structural variations in going from single alkali to mixed alkali glasses that lead to distinct environments for each type of alkali ion and also result in the smaller alkali ion becoming more tightly bound to the network. Some recent results on the structure of silicate melts are presented, and the relationship between the structures of glass and melt are discussed.
Effects of Aging Time and Natural Antioxidants on the Quality of Irradiated Ground Beef

Beef rounds aged for one, two, or three weeks after slaughtering were ground added with 0.05% ascorbic acid + 0.01% α-tocopherol or 0.05% ascorbic acid + 0.01% α- tocopherol + 0.01% sesamol, placed on Styrofoam trays and wrapped with oxygen permeable plastic film, and treated with electron beam irradiation at 0 or 2.5 kGy. The meat samples were displayed under fluorescent light for 7 d at 4° C. Color, lipid oxidation, and volatiles were determined at 0, 3, and 7 d of storage. Irradiation increased lipid oxidation of ground beef regardless of their aging time and storage period. As aging time increased lipid oxidation increased. Adding sesamol increased the effectiveness of ascorbate and tocopherol combination in reducing lipid oxidation especially as aging and storage time increased. The redness of beef were decreased by irradiation and adding ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol before irradiation was effective in maintaining the redness of irradiated ground beef over the storage period. Volatile aldehydes increased only in irradiated control beef. Antioxidant treatments were effective in reducing aldehydes in ground beef during storage.
No Law: Deadwood and the State

Deadwood's final episode of season 3 opens extradiagetically as he sums up the tense state with a monologue from theatre operator Jack of affairs within the camp: Langrishe (Brian Cox), a relative newcomer to the camp of Deadwood. Shown in a wide shot This camp is in mortal danger. The man that spotlights him on the dark stage of his Hearst is a murderous engine. My friend nascent theatre, Langrishe ostensibly speaks Swearengen, aware their combat is unequal, to one of his companions, the actress Claudia feels the appeal of the gory finish. Others (Cynthia Ettinger), shown in one medium I've just come to know stand candidates in reverse-shot. Yet Langrishe also speaks and the elections whose results they know may performs beyond the theatre to the residents be moot. What, one is disposed to ask, in of Deadwood and to the program's viewers fuck ought a theatre man to do?1
William Bradford and His Anglo-Saxon Influences

This paper examines how William Bradford’s On Plymouth Plantation attempts to link the Anglo-Saxon myth of migration and the notion of Christendom in a temporally identical socio-historical memory to promote a primarily national cause. Ultimately, Bradford’s text emerges as an historical document that sought provide the foundation for an Anglo-Saxon-based Christendom linked historically, not simply geographically.
TCP-Drinc: Smart Congestion Control Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

As wired/wireless networks become more and more complex, the fundamental assumptions made by many existing TCP variants may not hold true anymore. In this paper, we develop a model-free, smart congestion control algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning, which has a high potential in dealing with the complex and dynamic network environment. We present TCP-Deep ReInforcement learNing-based Congestion control (Drinc) which learns from past experience in the form of a set of measured features to decide how to adjust the congestion window size. We present the TCP-Drinc design and validate its performance with extensive ns-3 simulations and comparison with five benchmark schemes.
XPS Investigation of the Oxidation State of Different Ceria Powders for CMP Slurry

Ceria nanoparticles are used in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry for their selective removal of oxides over nitrides. This removal depends on the ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ ions on the surface of the particles. As this ratio increases, so does the interaction with the oxide surface, resulting in an increased removal rate.Most studies to date focus on how synthesis [1,2] and particle size [3–5] affect these ratios but ignore the changes that could arise when using the particles in an aqueous slurry environment.In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure the surface Ce3+ concentration as a function of pH and oxidizing agent concentration [Figures 1&2] in the slurry. The effects of these properties were examined using three different sources for the ceria nanoparticles [Table 1].
Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level After Endovascular Therapy in Patients With Claudication.

Purpose: To investigate the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the 5-year cardiovascular death rate after endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with lower l...
Taming a Graph Hairball: Local Exploration in a Global Context

A variety of data sets can be modelled as an underlying reference topology where every vertex has an associated set of attributes or key words that are not necessarily derived from the topology. Blind application of most graph drawing algorithms produces a “hairball” even for modest graph sizes. In this chapter, we explore several intuitive mechanisms to decompose a weighted graph into vertex clusters and edge layers that facilitate user exploration. Our approach minimizes the screen bottleneck by enhancing the graph topology with weights on the given edges that encode their pairwise vertex similarity (avoiding the quadratic pairwise computation of vertex similarity if the given graph topology is sparse). The decompositions are based on graph distance topology clustering coupled with iterative peeling. Information from these decompositions is used to landmark vertices that drive egonet user exploration. These landmarks are vertices of “high diversity” in the decomposition that “dominate” the vertex set in terms of Shannon entropy. We illustrate the usefulness of this decomposition on the On-Line Encyclopaedia of Integer Sequences. Our method can be used as a first step for community detection, graph visualization, and data summarization. These techniques can be applied to situations in business analytics, for example, when studying a network of products frequently purchased together.
Physical and Chemical Stability of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Intravenous Admixtures Used to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.

Purpose: Dilute intravenous (IV) admixtures of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) are becoming increasingly used in antiemetic regimens to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)....
Rational Selection of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures in Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients.

ABSTRACT Background: The Short Form-12 (SF-12) was developed as a shorter version of the SF-36, yet there has been limited validation of its reliability at measuring postoperative changes. The purpose of this study was to determine if the SF-12 could safely substitute for the SF-36 in measuring postoperative change in lumbar spine surgery patients and if the condition specific (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]) or pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) instruments, provided additional utility. Methods: A total of 972 patients from a single center who underwent lumbar spine surgery for a predominant symptom of radiating leg pain with (n = 237) or without (n = 735) fusion and prospectively completed both SF-36 and ODI instruments before and after surgery were included. The SF-12 score was calculated from the appropriate subset of SF-36 responses. The absolute sensitivity and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated. Reliability of each instrument to measure preoperative to postoperative change was calculated as the standardized response mean. Results: The SF-12 and SF-36 demonstrated a strong correlation with each other ([0.97, P Conclusions: The SF-12 was as effective as the SF-36 to measure general health status in lumbar spine surgery patients, and both were moderate to strong predictors of ODI preoperatively and postoperatively, but lack the reliability to detect change seen with the ODI or VAS after surgical intervention. Level of Evidence: 3. Clinical Relevance: These data suggest that the SF-12 is a valid substitute for the SF-36 to measure postoperative outcomes changes, but that the ODI should continue to be used to measure condition specific changes in function.
Nonlinear dynamics and flutter of plate and cavity in response to supersonic wind tunnel start

The transient response of a plate and a cavity is investigated in a supersonic wind tunnel start experiment where the freestream flow inside the test section reaches turbulent flow at Mach 2. Experimentally measured plate displacement time history shows flutter onset, transition to limit cycle oscillation, and stabilization at a static deformed state during the 30 s run. To analyze and interpret the measured plate response, a fully coupled aero-thermal-acousto-elastic analysis is carried out. A theoretical–computational model is formulated with a nonlinear structural plate model, acoustic pressure equation for the stationary fluid in a cavity, and the first-order Piston Theory aerodynamics. A linear stability analysis is performed that includes the nonlinear added stiffness due to an initial deformation to investigate the combined effects of freestream coupling and temperature differential on system stability. Also, direct time integration of the nonlinear fluid structural equations of motion is performed using experimentally measured flow parameters as inputs. All stability transitions are captured using the theoretical model with good agreement with experiment for transitions from no flutter to flutter/limit cycle oscillations (LCO) although the theoretical LCO amplitude is approximately $$50\%$$ larger than measured. The system’s sensitivity to cavity coupling, temperature differential, thickness calibration, static pressure differential, and turbulent pressure fluctuations are investigated. Lastly, snap-through buckling analyses in response to periodic and quasi-static excitations are conducted.
Screening for Plants in Herbal Formulas from Traditional Doctors of Northern Thailand to Treat Cognitive Impairment

The present study examines plants received from ethnobotanically guided interviews with northern Thai traditional healers. Using modern in vitro biological assays, 11 plant species from the pharmacopeia of northern Thailand were screened for their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Elderly dementia is commonly characterized by the degeneration of brain tissue. Anti-oxidants can help to protect the brain from this degeneration. Results from these tests demonstrated these plant extract’s potential to treat age related cognitive decline. The healers will be provided with these results to use in their medical practice and to assist them in the treatment of cognitive decline in their communities. This chapter describes the methodology and in vitro testing of Thai medicinal plants used for cognitive decline.
Temperature-Dependent Model for Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Unsaturated Soils

AbstractNear-surface soils in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications are often unsaturated, and natural or imposed changes in temperature may lead to a softening effect at constant suction ...
Energy Analysis of Methane-Hydrate-Based Produced Water Desalination

Managing produced water (PW) is one of the significant environmental issues pertaining to the energy industry. The PW needs to be treated to meet environmental regulations and can be reused for irr...
Unsupervised multi-instance learning for protein structure determination.

Many regions of the protein universe remain inaccessible by wet-laboratory or computational structure determination methods. A significant challenge in elucidating these dark regions in silico rela...
Temporary external fixation in the management of orthopaedic trauma

Abstract Temporary external fixation is frequently employed nowadays in the immediate management of orthopaedic trauma. It is particularly effective in major trauma and in open fractures or periarticular fractures of the lower limb with soft tissue compromise. In addition it is used for more recent indications such as intraoperative adjuncts to internal fixation. Despite the associated complications and pitfalls described, in most cases the benefits of temporary external fixation in the initial management of injured bones and soft tissues outweigh the risks, and facilitate the eventual definitive treatment. The application of a stable external fixator construct is an essential skill for any orthopaedic surgeon who manages trauma; despite this, the skill seems to be in decline outside major trauma centres in the UK. Inclusion of external fixation in the mandatory indicative procedures of the trauma and orthopaedic curriculum serves as a useful reminder of its value.
A User's Guide for Understanding and Addressing Telepractice Technology Challenges via ZOOM

Purpose Telepractice has been used as an alternative service delivery model in speech-language pathology across various settings and the scope of practice. Despite its utility and increasing demand...
A crawling case of benign acute childhood myositis.

Benign acute childhood myositis is a relatively uncommon complication of viral illness, particularly influenza A and B infections. In this abstract, we present a case report of benign acute childho...
Clinical Work with Children and Adolescents Growing Up with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Parents

A life course developmental construct is used in this chapter to illuminate the importance of LGB adults’ experiences with key life events and processes (e.g., coming out) for their experiences as parents and their approach to parenting. Indeed, growing up as a sexual minority can influence the strengths and vulnerabilities one brings to parenting. For example, LGB adults experience minority stress due to their minority group status. The children of LGB people may also experience minority stress due to their “membership-by-association.” Their children may therefore encounter obstacles that stem from the homophobia, stigmatization, and microaggressions that are directed toward them due to their parent’s sexual orientation. Clinicians commonly see children and adolescents from multiple family structures as a part of routine practice. Knowledge of issues that may be particular to LGB parents can be used in clinical practice to work effectively with LGB-parent families and facilitate comprehensive treatment approaches.
A RESEARCH EVALUATION OF AN ACTION APPROACH TO SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH WORKSHOP, 1960

it is true that each public school embodies a unique set of W I L E mental hygiene frustrations and assets, there are some general conditions which appear to pervade the whole. I t is also evident that, to a large extent, classroom mental hygiene remains almost moribund. After a series of attempts to find a functional and effective approach through utilizing academic courses, seminars, one-meeting stands a t institutes and occasional consultations, those who worked on the School Project of the Michigan Society for Mental Health resolved that a totally new format had to be evolved if school psychology was to have any significant bearing on classroom mental health. Of course, this constituted no unique discovery. Biber (2), Ojemann (2), Prescott (2), Jersild (6), and Berman (3), to mention but a few, have sought ways to energize the field and restore adequate status to the teacher. I t appears that the single thing that these approaches have in common is an acute dissatisfaction with the present state of affairs. They differ in basic theoretical orientation and in operational methodology. Frequently, they are the product of an exceptionally effective leader; consequently, the techniques are not always easily transferred to other situations. There is an urgency related to the problem of how to train teachers to share the mental hygiene responsibility. While mental health is the nation’s number one health problem, the number of trained experts to do the work continues to fall far behind the need, and sometimes even behind the personnel replacement to maintain present understaffed status. Available services are being clogged with cases, some of which might have been handled in their early or moderate phases without such specialized procedures. Add to this the fact that teachers are already expending considerable effort to help children adjust. Is there not some method by which this energy could offer a higher mental health dividend? The fundamental point of departure we arrived a t in the present work is a very simple one, and one which can be duplicated by any member of a mental hygiene team. Essentially, it requires a study of the teaching condition as that condition is perceived by the teachers themselves. A good deal of this has been done heretofore, but the usual purpose has been to use the
Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for convection-dominated problems

In this paper, we review the development of the Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods for non-linear convection-dominated problems. These robust and accurate methods have made their way into the main stream of computational fluid dynamics and are quickly finding use in a wide variety of applications. They combine a special class of Runge–Kutta time discretizations, that allows the method to be non-linearly stable regardless of its accuracy, with a finite element space discretization by discontinuous approximations, that incorporates the ideas of numerical fluxes and slope limiters coined during the remarkable development of the high-resolution finite difference and finite volume schemes. The resulting RKDG methods are stable, high-order accurate, and highly parallelizable schemes that can easily handle complicated geometries and boundary conditions. We review the theoretical and algorithmic aspects of these methods and show several applications including nonlinear conservation laws, the compressible and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and Hamilton–Jacobi-like equations.
Oil and Politics in the Gulf: History's legacy: Kuwait and Qatar before oil

The one historical gift geography gave the tribes of the Gulf before oil was a gift of default: an outward orientation. Regional subsistence has always depended on the vagaries of long-distance trade routes. When trade was good, small settlements emerged to rival each other in carrying the traffic. When trade withered, routes shifted, or droughts deepened, then central regulation weakened, alliances changed, rivalries turned to war and tribes moved, with belongings and dependants, on camels and boats, up, down and across the Gulf. Until well into the modern period, the history of the Gulf has been one of ceaseless migration in search of trade and fresh water. As a result, the tribes of the region have always oriented themselves less to their original tribal ranges than to the fringes of the Gulf and the trade beyond. Although Kuwait and Qatar were not populated by the ancestors of today's inhabitants until recently, transitory trade settlements there date back to ancient times. In Kuwait, ruins on Failaka island show settlements from perhaps 1000 BC. Archaeological evidence indicates that Qatar, too, was inhabited in prehistoric times; implements have been found dating back to 4000 BC. The Gulf's integration into the modern world economy began in the sixteenth century when the Portuguese captured several Arab ports, including Hormuz and Muscat. Portugal's presence meant a decline not only in their trading wealth but also in their political independence.
Movement of motor and cargo along cilia

Intraflagellar transport (IFT)1 is important in the formation and maintenance of many cilia, such as the motile cilia that drive the swimming of cells and embryos2, the nodal cilia that generate left-right asymmetry in vertebrate embryos3, and the sensory cilia that detect sensory stimuli in some animals4. The heterotrimeric kinesin-II motor protein drives the anterograde transport of macromolecular complexes, called rafts, along microtubule tracks from the base of the cilium to its distal tip5, whereas cytoplasmic dynein moves the rafts back in the retrograde direction6. We have used fluorescence microscopy to visualize for the first time the intracellular transport of a motor and its cargo in vivo. We observed the anterograde movement of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled kinesin-II motors and IFT rafts within sensory cilia on chemosensory neurons in living Caenorhabditis elegans.
Global Income Inequality

This essay describes the evolution of global income inequality over the past two-and-a-half centuries, and its likely evolution during the twenty-first century. Global income inequality—the sum of inequality within and between nations—is massive today, the legacy of uneven growth in the world's regions since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. Because incomes shot up in the West while lagging behind in Asia and Africa over most of this period, between-nation income inequality grew dramatically, and most global income inequality now lies between nations. Economic growth remains uneven across the world's regions, but the fastest growth is occurring in populous poor regions of the world, compressing between-nation inequality. As a result, global income inequality is currently receding, according to most (but not all) investigations of the matter. The compression of global inequality is attributable to rapid economic growth in China and India: If the rate of economic growth in China and India were the same as in the rest of the world, global income inequality would not be declining. The slow rate of economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa, on the other hand, is retarding the decline. A high level of global income inequality is problematic in large part because it results in abject poverty for masses of people. If average income in the world continues to rise, alleviating abject poverty in the twenty-first century, for future generations the level of global income inequality might matter much less than the level of income inequality within local communities. Keywords: globalization; inequality; income inequality; convergence; divergence; relative income; economic growth; international development; comparative research; industrial revolution
Gamow-teller strength distribution in the vicinity of A = 90: (I). Schematic calculation of GT strength in 90, 92, 94Nb☆

Abstract The distributions of Gamow-Teller strength in 90, 92, 94 Nb have been calculated utilizing the so-called GT force in the random phase approximation. For 90 Nb the calculated distribution is in striking agreement with that part of the 90 Zr(p, n) excitation function leading to 1 + excitations in 90 Nb and qualitative agreement is demonstrated for data from the reactions 92, 94 Zr(p, n). Some 25 % of the GT strength is found to lie well below the structureless giant resonance proposed by Ikeda et al . The implications of this result to the β-decay properties of neutron rich nuclei near A = 90 are discussed.
Partially correlated azimuthal vortex illumination: Coherence and correlation measurements and effects in imaging

Correlations in the illumination field have a profound impact on the image contrast for features near the resolution limit. The pupil polarization affects these correlations. We show that a polarization vortex has a particularly dramatic effect. A theoretical model is given for the correlation matrix of a partially correlated source created by placing an azimuthal polarization vortex mode converter in the pupil plane of a critical illumination system. We then validate this model experimentally using a reversed-wavefront Young interferometer, directly show the impact that the phase of the correlation function has on image contrast.
Glucose effects on declarative and nondeclarative memory in healthy elderly and young adults

Peripheral glucose ingestion enhances performance on explicit declarative verbal memory tasks in healthy elderly people. In the present experiment, healthy young and elderly adults were administered glucose (50 g) or saccharin followed by tests of declarative verbal memory (free recall and recognition of a word list) and a nondeclarative priming test (word-stem completion). In the elderly, glucose significantly enhanced performance on the declarative but not on the nondeclarative portions of the test. Performance by the young subjects was equivalent in the glucose and saccharin conditions. These findings, that glucose enhances memory for a declarative/explicit but not nondeclarative/implicit task, support the notion that declarative and nondeclarative memory systems are separate functional and anatomic systems.
Challenges for market applications in large RTO markets

The pressure on power engineering professionals to generate better solutions for bigger problems in shorter time has driven many important technological advances during the past several years. The era of competitive electricity markets ushered in opportunities for solving many new challenging problems. Key success factors for developing the new generation of solution include: (a) solving the right problem; (b) solving the problem right; and (3) staying within the allocated time. In this paper a few examples based on actual RTO experiences are presented to illustrate some of the more interesting challenges. While security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is required for RC, the exact formulation of the RC problem in the framework of SCUC requires significant efforts. While linear programming has been the optimization engine for SCED and FTR auction, it is unable to address integer constraint in SCUC. Until recently, most SCUC uses some forms of Lagrangian relaxation (LR) algorithm with various embedded heuristics. Coincidentally, there has been remarkable progress with the mixed integer programming (MIP) method for its growing position in future market optimization applications.
Effects of Modifying the Adhesive Composition on the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

In an attempt to save chair time during bonding, metal brackets have been precoated with the adhesive material. Although the adhesive used on the precoated brackets is basically similar in composition to that used for bonding uncoated brackets, there are differences in the percentages of the various ingredients incorporated in the material. These changes are intended to enhance specific clinical properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether modifications in the composition of the adhesives, used on precoated and uncoated metal brackets, affect their shear bond strengths during the first half hour after bonding. This is the time span when the initial arch wires are ligated. Sixty freshly extracted human molars were bonded with three different compositions of the same basic adhesive. The teeth were mounted in phenolic rings. An occlusogingival load was applied to the brackets producing a shear force at the bracket-tooth interface utilizing a Zwick Universal Test Machine. Analysis of variance was used to compare the three adhesives. Significance was predetermined at < or =.05 level of confidence. The present findings indicated that the shear bond strengths of the various modifications of the adhesive used on two different precoated metal brackets were not significantly different (F-ratio = .729 and P = .407) from those obtained with the conventional adhesive used on uncoated brackets. The mean values for the shear bond strengths of the two precoated brackets were: APC = 5.1+/-1.7 MPa and APC II = 4.9+/-2.1 MPa. The shear bond strength for the conventional adhesive used on the uncoated brackets was = 5.7+/-2.4 MPa. All bracket/adhesive combinations tested provided clinically acceptable shear bond forces within the first 30 minutes after initial bonding.
Neo-rationalism versus neo-Darwinism: Integrating development and evolution

An increasing number of biologists are expressing discontent with the prevailing theory of neo-Darwinism. In particular, the tendency of neo-Darwinians to adopt genetic determinism and atomistic notions of both genes and organisms is seen as grossly unfair to the body of developmental theory. One faction of dissenteers, the Process Structuralists, take their inspiration from the rational morphologists who preceded Darwin. These “neo-rationalists” argue that a mature biology must possess universal laws and that these “generative laws” should be sought within organismal development. Such a rational biology will only be possible once the neo-Darwinian paradigm, with its reliance on inherently stochastic processes, is overthrown.
The Strange Career of Wilhelm Reich, the Original “Cloudbuster”

Somewhere between weather magic and weather modification lies a strange world of weather conspiracy, manipulation, chancery, and possibly even a bit of misunderstood genius. This aspect of impossib...
Investigations on phosphorus recovery and reuse as soil amendment from electric arc furnace slag filters

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag has been identified as an effective filter material for the removal of phosphorus (P) from both point and non-point sources. To determine the feasibility of land-applying P saturated EAF steel slag this study was undertaken to investigate (i) saturated EAF steel slag material's potential as a P fertilizer or soil amendment and (ii) P desorption and metals leachate from saturated EAF steel slag material to surface runoff. Medicago sativa (alfalfa) was planted in a nutrient depleted washed sand media. Phosphorus was added either as saturated EAF steel slag or as a standard commercial phosphate fertilizer in order to assess the plant availability of the P from saturated EAF steel slag. Four different P application levels were tested: a low (20 lbs acre furrow slice−1 (5.5 g P m−3)) two medium (40 and 60 lbs. acre f.s.−1 (11 and 16.5 g P m−3)) and a high (120 lbs. acre f.s.−1 (33 g P m−3)). The above-ground biomass of half of the plants was harvested after 5 weeks and the...
Interactions of 290 mev/c positive pions with deuterium

The total cross section and the differential cross sections of the reactions π+d→π+d (elastic scattering) →π+pn (inelastic scattering) →π0pp (charge exchange scattering) →γpp (radiative absorption) →pp, (non-radiative absorption) have been measured using 85 000 pictures of 290 MeV/c positive pions in the 38 cm Princeton-Pennsylvania bubble chamber. The elastic, inelastic and charge exchange scattering data are more complete than any previous data in this energy range.
Bridgehead Carbocations via Carbene Fragmentation: Erasing a 1010 Kinetic Preference

1-Norbornyloxychlorocarbene (1-NorOCCl), 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxychlorocarbene (1-BcoOCCl), and 1-adamantyloxychlorocarbene (1-AdOCCl) were generated in dichloroethane (DCE) by photolysis of the appropriate diazirines. The exclusive product in each case was the bridgehead alkyl chloride formed by fragmentation of the carbene to [R+ OC Cl-] ion pairs, loss of CO, and cation−anion collapse. In mixtures of methanol and DCE, each carbene gave three products: RCl, ROH, and ROMe. RCl and ROMe resulted from competition between ion pair collapse and methanol capture of the cation. ROH resulted from methanol capture of the carbene (before fragmentation), followed by eventual methanolysis and hydrolysis of ROCH(Cl)OMe. The ratios of carbene capture to carbene fragmentation fell in the order 1-NorOCCl > BcoOCCl > 1-AdOCCl; 1-Nor+ was the least stable cation and the slowest to form by fragmentation, so that this carbene was the most readily captured. This trend was accentuated in methanol−pentane mixtures, where ion...
FRBR and facets provide flexible, work-centric access to items in library collections

This paper explores a technique to improve searcher access to library collections by providing a faceted search interface built on a data model based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). The prototype provides a Work-centric view of a moving image collection that is integrated with bibliographic and holdings data. Two sets of facets address important user needs: "what do you want?" and "how/where do you want it?" enabling patrons to narrow, broaden and pivot across facet values instead of limiting them to the tree-structured hierarchy common with existing FRBR applications. The data model illustrates how FRBR is being adapted and applied beyond the traditional library catalog.
Hypertension and Kidney Damage

Substantial evidence indicates that hypertension is a major contributor to the development of end-stage renal disease in most patients. However, such risk ranges from being fairly low in essential hypertension to a marked increase in susceptibility to hypertensive injury in patients with chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models using blood pressure radiotelemetry have provided significant insights into the quantitative relationships between blood pressure and renal damage and the importance of protective renal autoregulatory capacity as a determinant of such differences in susceptibility to hypertensive injury. Moreover, such investigations have also emphasized the predominant importance of achieving normotension per se over the selection of particular antihypertensive regimens, including renin-angiotensin system blockade, in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Coulomb Blockade Fluctuations in Strongly Coupled Quantum Dots

Quantum fluctuations of the Coulomb blockade are investigated as a function of the coupling to reservoirs in semiconductor quantum dots. We use fluctuations in the distance between peaks $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ apart to characterize both the amplitude and correlation of peak motion. For strong coupling, the peak motion is greatly enhanced at low temperature, but does not show the expected increase in peak-to-peak correlation. These effects can lead to anomalous temperature dependence in the Coulomb valleys, similar to the behavior ascribed to Kondo physics.
Effect of phase breaking on the ac response of mesoscopic systems

Recently, there have been a number of interesting experiments on the ac response of mesoscopic systems. An important question in this context concerns the characteristic frequency at which the conductance deviates from the dc value. Depending on the system under consideration, this frequency is determined by the following three parameters: the inverse of the average time an electron spends inside the device, the thermal frequency, and the inverse of the phase-breaking time. The theoretical work in this area has been largely based on the scattering formulation, which neglects phase-breaking processes. The purpose of this paper is to derive a more general formulation that allows us to incorporate phase breaking. This formulation is based on the nonequilibrium-Green's-function formalism and we use double-energy coordinates, which helps establish the relation to scattering theory. We illustrate the effect of phase breaking by two simple examples: a one-dimensional resonant-tunneling device with a single resonant level and a resonant-tunneling device with two resonant levels.
Anomalous spectrum usage attack detection in cognitive radio wireless networks

In many mission-critical applications such as military operations or disaster relief efforts, wireless networks employing dynamic spectrum access enabled by cognitive radio technology gain popularity due to their high spectrum efficiency and interoperability. However, the use of cognitive radio further complicates the security problems in wireless networks and introduces additional challenges. For instance, an attacker may mimic the behavior of a licensed primary user and disrupt the communication strategy of opportunistic spectrum usage of cognitive radio nodes, known as Primary User Emulation Attacks. Another example is a smart jammer, who can scan the spectrum and jam channels selectively. A common characteristic of the attacks in both examples is that they cause anomalous spectrum usage and disrupt the dynamic spectrum access, thus we termed them Anomalous Spectrum Usage Attacks in the context of cognitive radio wireless networks. Anomalous Spectrum Usage Attacks are extremely difficult to detect. In order to address these challenges, we propose a cross-layer framework for security enhancement and attack mitigation. In addition to physical layer sensing, we also take advantage of statistical analysis of the routing information of multiple paths collected by the routing module at the network layer. Inference of congested areas due to spectrum shortage can be made by information fusion and the results from the inference module will be compared to prior knowledge of the primary users, and the suspicious spectrum shortage will be subject to selective auditing, where a manager such as a cluster head will poll more detailed data from the cognitive nodes locating near the suspicious area for further analysis. We use a spectrum-aware split multipath routing as a baseline routing for performance evaluation. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by extensive simulations.
Abstract 1358: Discovery and optimization of potent and selective benzonaphthyridinone analogs as dual mTOR/ATR small molecular inhibitors for treatment of cancer

The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine protein kinase that plays a key role in several fundamental cellular processes such as growth, proliferation and metabolism. As a key node in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway, mTOR is currently being actively investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. Structurally, mTOR shares high sequence identity in the catalytic domain with other PIKK family kinases including PI3Ks, ATR, ATM, DNA-PK and SMG-1. ATR is an apical kinase in a cell cycle checkpoint pathway that monitors DNA integrity. Upon DNA damage, ATR activation results in cell cycle arrest and the initiation of DNA repair processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that impairment of ATR function sensitizes cells to death in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs or ionizing radiation. We hypothesized that a dual mTOR/ATR dual inhibitor might produce a profound apoptotic response in cells with impaired DNA-repair pathways. Starting from the recently developed small molecular ATP competitive mTOR selective inhibitor Torin1, a focused medicinal chemistry exploration of the benzonaphthyridinone structure furnished a library of compounds which was screened in a functional cellular assay for ATR inhibition. Biochemical characterization of select compounds using an immunoprecipitation assays for ATR and mTORC1 kinase activity confirmed that the compounds are dual mTOR/ATR inhibitors. Select compounds were characterized in proliferation assays using p53-deficient HCT-116 cell lines alone and in combination with ionizing radiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1358. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1358