cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cyanine Dye-Labeled Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Core/Shell Microgels Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

The swelling behavior of the core component in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) core/shell microgels is investigated via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) data show that the cross-linked polymer network in the core is hindered from expanding to its maximum volume in the presence of the added shell. Covalent attachment of the sulfoindocyanine donor/acceptor pair of Cy5/Cy5.5 to the core component allows investigation of the core swelling behavior with FRET. In the absence of the shell, only a small degree of energy transfer is observed in the core when it is swollen to its maximum volume below the pNIPAm lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 31 °C. Addition of a pNIPAm shell produces a significant degree of FRET under the same solution conditions, illustrating that the polymer chains in the core adopt a constrained conformation relative to their fully swollen state. The volume phase transition behavior of the fluorescently labeled core and core...
Objective comparison of interpolation methods

Traditional interpolation techniques consist of direct interpolation of the grey values. When user interaction is called for in image segmentation, as a consequence of these interpolation methods, the user needs to segment a much greater amount of data. To mitigate this problem, a method called shape-based interpolation of dimension that generalized the shape-based method from binary to grey data. We showed preliminary evidence that it produced more accurate results than conventional grey-level interpolation methods. In this paper, concentration on the 3D interpolation problem, we compare statistically the accuracy of eight different methods: nearest-neighbor, linear grey- level cubic spline, grey-level modified cubic spline, Goshtasby et al., and three methods from the grey-level shape-based class. A population of patient MR and CT 3D images are utilized for comparison. Each slice in these data sets is estimated by each interpolation method and compared to the original slice at the same location suing three measures: mean-squared difference, number of sites of disagreement, and largest difference. The methods are statistically compared pairwise based on these measures. The shape-based methods statistically outperformed other methods in all measures in all applications considered here.
Hydrogen Storage Properties in (LiNH2)2−LiBH4−(MgH2)X Mixtures (X = 0.0−1.0)

We have recently reported the synthesis and properties of a novel hydrogen storage composition comprised of a 2:1:1 molar ratio of three hydride compounds: lithium amide (LiNH2), lithium borohydride (LiBH4), and magnesium hydride (MgH2). This new ternary mixture possesses improved hydrogen (de)sorption attributes (relative to the individual compounds and their binary mixtures), including facile low-temperature kinetics, ammonia attenuation, and partial reversibility. Comprehensive characterization studies of its reaction pathway revealed that these favorable hydrogen storage properties are accomplished through a complex multistep hydrogen release process. Here, we expound on our previous findings and determine the impact of MgH2 content on the resulting hydrogen storage properties by examining a series of (LiNH2)2−LiBH4−(MgH2)X reactant mixtures (i.e., 2:1:X molar ratio) where X = 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0. Specifically, we characterize each starting composition (after ball-milling) using ...
SOME OF THE UNDERLYING SELECTION CRITERIA FOR MIDDLE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN FINANCIAL POSITIONS: A FACTOR ANALYTIC STUDY

A sample of middle managers were asked to make ratings regarding the importance of thirteen variables they considered when making decisions to select candidates into the ranks of middle management. These thirteen selection variables were developed based on previous research on managerial selection by Edwin Miller and on research conducted at General Electric by another investigator. The set of decision variables was then subjected to factor analysis in an effort to recover the fundamental structure of the decision space used to select middle managers. The analysis yielded encouraging results due to the distinctness with which certain factors were indicated. Three fundamental decision criteria were suggested: (1) a leadership-administrative skills factor, (2) a technical competence factor, and (3) a capability-willingness to work factor. These three factors were discussed in terms of their relevance to previous research on managerial selection.
Advanced inline measurement and control tools for sand filling and compaction in lost foam casting

Lost Foam Casting (LFC) enables metal casters to produce complex parts by making foam patterns having the same geometry as the desired finished parts. Among the greatest strengths of LFC process is that it allows designers to consolidate parts, reduce machining and minimize assembly operations. One of the key steps in the LFC process takes place in the compaction box, where the foam pattern is suspended in a steel container that is vibrated while sand is added to surround the pattern. The sand provides the mechanical support to the pattern as molten metal is poured into the mold. Discussed in this paper will be the development of an advanced sensor array for the measurement and control of the sand compaction stage. Compaction of the sand is key in controlling casting distortion and is instrumental in the efficiency rating of the LFC process. Too much compaction can cause the foam part to distort or even get crushed. Too little compaction can lead to a defective final product due to inadequate support of the foam part or lack of sand flow into small cavities in the foam part. To understand and control the behavior of the sand compaction stage, the key parameters that must first be measured are: (1) Energy imparted on the compaction box, sand and foam part, (2) compaction of the sand in the casting box, and (3) distortion of the foam part. The sensor array is to be placed inline in order to give direct feedback that can then be used in both passive and active process control.
Macrophage response to microtextured silicone.

Abstract Seven different silicone surface textures were tested for effect on macrophage spreading and metabolic activity in vitro. Variables of the textured arrays that could modify spreading were determined to be the size, spacing between, depth, density, and orientation of the individual surface events and the roughness of the surfaces. Cells were influenced by the size of the events and the roughness of the surfaces more than any other variables. Cell morphology data, surface area and perimeter, could be divided into discrete regions that correlated well with the size of the events. Cell dimensions on 5μm textures were smallest while those on smooth silicone and glass surfaces were the largest. Surface texture events may be modifying contact guidance of the cells or interacting with specific transmembrane proteins to alter cell shape and function. The mitochondrial activity of cells attached to the textured silicones was determined by measuring the amount of reduced MTT directly through live cells. Cells on polystyrene (PS), 5VP and 8VP textures were metabolically more active than cells on the other textures. PMA was used to stimulate cells on the various textures. PMA-stimulated cells, on the smaller textures, 2VP, 5VP and 5CP, were less active than test cells that were not stimulated. The inability of PMA to stimulate these cells may be due to a structural alteration of protein kinase C. An hypothesis is introduced that includes a possible mechanism of how a micrometre-sized surface texture could modify cell function.
Developments in metabolic engineering

The complete sequencing of several microbial genomes has resulted in the increased availability of genes for metabolic engineering. The number of databases and computational tools to deal with this information has also increased. This development has stimulated, and will continue to stimulate, advances in metabolic engineering. Specific recent advances include improvement of pathways for aromatic metabolites, the development of a more complete understanding of the effect of bacterial hemoglobin on cell performance, the development of NMR-based methods for the monitoring of intracellular metabolites and metabolic flux, and the application of metabolic control analysis and metabolic flux analysis to a variety of systems.
Effects of swimming and walking on exercise recovery and subsequent swim performance.

Abstract Six female collegiate swimmers were used to evaluate the hypothesis that the recovery procedure after exercise will not only affect subsequent performance, but will also affect the recovery process after the subsequent performance. Each swimmer exercised for two minutes at 90% [Vdot]O2 max on a swimming ergometer, recovered for 15 minutes by walking on land or swimming, then swam 200 yds. for time. Oxygen uptake was measured for 15 minutes after the 200 yd. swim. Venous blood, obtained after the ergometry swim, and before and after the 200 yd. swim, was analyzed for lactate. Two hundred yard swim times were not significantly affected by either the walking or swimming recovery procedures. Blood lactate after the ergometry swim averaged 96.7 ± 18 mg/100 ml. The swimming recovery reduced the lactate levels by 53.3% compared to a 38.5% reduction during the walking recovery. Significant differences in blood lactate were also noted after the 200 yd. swim, with the trials in which swimming recovery prot...
The prediction of secondary flow in curved ducts of square cross-section

A three-dimensional, fully-viscous Navier-Stokes code designated INS3D is presently used for the prediction of secondary and axial flows in curved ducts of square cross-section. Attention is given to a 90-deg bend, an S-shaped duct with two 22.5-deg bends, and an 180-deg bend. The sensitivity of predicted axial and secondary flows to grid resolution and artificial dissipation is investigated in the 90-deg bend case. Good agreement is found between predicted and experimentally measured flow components.
Category similarity, instance dominance, and categorization time

Subjects were required to indicate whether or not a probe word belonged to one of a variable number of categories which were held in memory. The semantic similarity among the categories was varied as was the instance dominance of the probe word. Comanipulation of these factors was expected to determine whether category similarity affects between-category shift or within-category search. However, the data suggested that category similarity and instance dominance are additive factors. Instance dominance apparently affected the time to encode the stimulus word and possibly influenced a decision stage; whereas, category similarity ostensibly affected operations involved in the search stage of processing. Semantically similar categories required less search time than semantically dissimilar categories. It was suggested that while dissimilar categories had to be accessed successively prior to search, subjects were able to consolidate similar categories so that categories were simultaneously accessed and searched in parallel.
Effect of chain flexibility on the nematic-smectic transition

The theory of nematic-smectic phase transition in the system of uniform semiflexible chains with hard-core repulsion is presented. Both the general density-functional formalism and the tube-model calculation show that the flexibility of the chains results in a strong first-order transition, in contrast to the common weak-crystallization scenario of the nematic-smectic transition in rigid rods. The calculated spinodal volume fraction of the uniform nematic phase and the period of the modulation instability are consistent with recent experimental results.
Application of time delay spectrometry for rough surface characterization.

Abstract This paper describes the design and performance of an ultrasound measurement system, utilizing a swept frequency excitation signal, for analyzing the backscattered signal from planar rough surfaces. The implementation is in the form of a time delay spectrometry (TDS) system operating in reflection mode whose advantages are improved signal-to-noise ratio even with low peak power relative to conventional pulse-echo methods. Because of simultaneous transmission and reception, the TDS system requires two transducers. The TDS measurement system uses a swept frequency spectrum analyzer as the central analog processing unit. Both planar piston and focused transducers in the low MHz range were used for the measurements. Due to the statistical nature of rough surface backscatter, the mean of several statistically uncorrelated measurements is required to characterize the scattering behavior of a given rough surface. Backscatter data are obtained for a series of planar rough surfaces, in the form of scattering magnitude vs. frequency and vs. incident (=backscattered) angle. Analysis of the results reveals a good correlation between the root-mean-square (RMS) height and mean backscatter magnitude at 0° incident angle, and between the ratio of RMS height to correlation length and the difference in mean backscatter magnitude between 0° and 5°.
Evaluation of a school re-entry nursing intervention for children with cancer

A retrospective qualitative design was used to identify and compare the concerns, parents, teachers, and children have regarding school re-entry after a cancer diagnosis and to describe the impact of a school re-entry program on parents', teachers', and children's concerns. Audiotaped, semistructured interviews were obtained from a convenience sample of 10 children with cancer (ages 5 to 13 years), 10 mothers, and nine teachers. All participants were positive about the school re-entry nursing intervention, which is described. Results of content analyses indicate that before the intervention, mothers were concerned about their child's safety and peer teasing; teachers were concerned about their own knowledge and peers' adjustment, and children were concerned with keeping up with school activities. After the intervention, mothers were less concerned about peer teasing but continued to be worried about their child's safety in the school setting and began to have concerns about academic progress and physical stamina; teachers reported increased concerns for the child's safety and academic progress, and a desire to return to normal routines in the classroom: and the children continued to have concerns with maintaining academic and/physical progress. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Evolution of minimum-bias parton fragmentation in nuclear collisions

Minimum-bias fragment distributions (FDs) are calculated by folding a power-law parton energy spectrum with parametrized fragmentation functions (FFs) derived from ${e}^{+}$-${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $p$-$\overline{p}$ collisions. Substantial differences between measured ${e}^{+}$-${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $p$-$\overline{p}$ FFs suggest that FF ``universality'' may not be a valid assumption. The common parton spectrum is constrained by comparison with a $p$-$p$ ${p}_{t}$ spectrum hard component. Changes in FFs due to parton ``energy loss'' or ``medium modification'' are modeled by altering FF parametrizations consistent with rescaling QCD splitting functions. In-vacuum and in-medium FDs are compared with spectrum hard components from $200$-GeV Au-Au collisions for several centralities. The reference for all nuclear collisions is the FD derived from in-vacuum ${e}^{+}$-${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ FFs. The hard component for $p$-$p$ and peripheral Au-Au collisions is found to be strongly suppressed for smaller fragment momenta, consistent with the FD derived from in-vacuum $p$-$\overline{p}$ FFs. At a particular centrality the Au-Au hard component transitions to enhancement at smaller momenta and suppression at larger momenta, consistent with FDs derived from in-medium ${e}^{+}$-${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ FFs. Fragmentation systematics suggest that QCD color connections change dramatically in more-central $A$-$A$ collisions. Observed parton and hadron spectrum systematics are inconsistent with saturation-scale arguments used to support assumptions of parton thermalization.
Asynchronous collaborative design

As new usability support analysts at SAS Institute, the authors were challenged with the goal of gathering design input from a diverse population of internal and external design stakeholders. After considering participatory design as the methodology of choice, it was found that simultaneous, collaborative sessions were not possible due to prospective participant time constraints. This constraint motivated the authors to devise and use Asynchronous Collaborative Design methods that were tailored to the specific needs of the data gathering efforts that took place throughout the duration of the project. All methods resulted in a rich set of data that informed subsequent design decisions. However, methods were also associated with drawbacks. The pros and cons of each method are described in this paper.
Correction to ‘The effect of anelasticity on periods of the Earth's free oscillations (toroidal modes)’

We based our perturbation calculations (Liu & Archambeau 1975) on the assumption that a pure imaginary part in the elastic nioduli would account for the anelastic behaviour equation (9) of Liu & Archambeau (1975). This was illustrated by the Kelvin-Voigt solid whose constitutive relation is expressed by equation (8) of Liu & Archambeau (1975). Consider shear deformation only, equation (8) of Liu & Archambeau (1 975) becomes
An adaptive focus-of-attention model for video surveillance and monitoring

In current video surveillance systems, commercial pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) cameras typically provide naive (or no) automatic scanning functionality to move a camera across its complete viewable field. However, the lack of scene-specific information inherently handicaps these scanning algorithms. We address this issue by automatically building an adaptive, focus-of-attention, scene-specific model using standard PTZ camera hardware. The adaptive model is constructed by first detecting local human activity (i.e., any translating object with a specific temporal signature) at discrete locations across a PTZ camera’s entire viewable field. The temporal signature of translating objects is extracted using motion history images (MHIs) and an original, efficient algorithm based on an iterative candidacy-classification-reduction process to separate the target motion from noise. The target motion at each location is then quantified and employed in the construction of a global activity map for the camera. We additionally present four new camera scanning algorithms which exploit this activity map to maximize a PTZ camera’s opportunity of observing human activity within the camera’s overall field of view. We expect that these efficient and effective algorithms are implementable within current commercial camera systems.
Approaches to Appropriate Drug Prescribing for the Older Adult

When prescribing for the older adult, the office-based physician walks the fine line between introducing the drugs that are considered best practices for each disease that the person has and acknowledging that as the number of drugs increases, the risks of adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, or drug-disease interactions increase considerably. Establishing the clinician-patient partnership to develop goals of care is the first step in the process. Avoiding drugs that are likely to be associated with adverse outcomes (the Beers Criteria list) is an important next step, as is awareness of the prescribing cascade. It is also important, however, to not be overly pessimistic. Quality of care and quality of life may be greatly enhanced by careful use of prescription and over-the-counter medications in the older adult.
Topologies for hybrid solutions

Abstract The Tavernini metric for hybrid solutions generates the Skorohod J 1 topology.
Using model transformation to support model-based test coverage measurement

Adoption of model-driven development is leading to increased use of models jointly with source code for software testing, by means of Model-Based Testing (MBT). MBT uses models to derive concrete test cases to test code. With MBT, test adequacy criteria are described in relation to the models. They are used to evaluate reliability of derived test cases and as predictor for determining when to stop testing. Hence, when concrete test cases are executed, it is important to measure coverage achieved with regards to the model, rather than only to the code. This places new challenges for testing activities, which include creation and maintenance of relationships between model and code elements. To deal with such challenge, we propose an approach that leverages model-to-text transformation traceability techniques to create relationships required to measure model coverage achieved with test cases executions. We illustrate the approach by applying it to a small ATM example.
Work in progress - developing student design consultants

Multidisciplinary capstone design experiences are generally favored by the professional engineering establishment. While logistically possible to arrange such an experience, particularly at smaller universities, maintaining a reasonable project scope and providing adequate depth of the experience for each discipline can be difficult. One approach involves using student consultants to provide support to multiple projects when there is insufficient content to provide a singular, substantive experience. This approach avoids oversubscribing faculty as de facto team members, while still providing a breadth based design experience for students. For example, electrical design projects at The University of Texas at Tyler frequently require development of a one-of-a-kind printed circuit board, but most electrical students are not familiar with CAD-based layout of artwork, design rules, and the processes used for board development. A process using an engraving laser has been developed for board production, but has required extensive involvement from mechanical engineering faculty. To prepare mechanical engineering students to provide future layout and fabrication assistance, motor drive circuits were developed and tested as part of a course in electro-mechanical systems design. While circuit schematics were provided, every student attempted the artwork and each team developed and tested a circuit board. This paper describes the results, and some lessons learned, from this initial attempt to develop student design consultant capability.
MASS TRANSFER AT LOW FLOW RATES IN A PACKED COLUMN

Mass transfer in packed columns has been investigated for a variety of column and packing sizes but at flow rates restricted to fully developed turbulent conditions. The present work was undertaken to investigate mass transfer at flow-rate conditions in the transition and laminar regions. A dual treatment of experimental data required a knowledge of the variation of concentration and velocity with radial position. A tracer-injection technique was employed which consisted in the introduction of a tracer gas into the center of a bulk gas stream and the measurement of the tracer-gas concentration at various radial positions downstreanm. The velocity distribution for the packed column was determined by means of a five-loop, circular, hot-wire anemometer. The test column was a vertical 4-in. pipe, packed with 1/4-in. spherical, ceramic catalyst-support pellets. Mass transfer diffusivity and Peclet nunmber were determined from two solutions of the differential-diffusion equation applied in previous investigations. An analytical solution in terms of Bessel functions was used to calculate values of average diffusivity and Peclet number and a seminumerical solution in terms of homogeneous lineardifference equations to calculate values of point diffusivity and Peclet number. Variation of diffusivity and Peclet number with radial position is shown, average diffusivity andmore » Peclet number being correlated with Reynolds number. The interaction of molecular and eddy mass transfer mechanisms with decreasing mass velocity is illustrated by defining a molecular and an eddy Peclet number and correlating with Reynolds number. Eddy diffusivity is correlated as a function of local flow conditions. (auth)« less
Critical Fusion—Technology and Equity in Secondary Education

This manuscript reports on the first year of a formative, external program evaluation of the Critical Fusion Initiative (CFI), which involved a higher education institution, a public high school, a corporation, and two nonprofit organizations. The initiative fused technology and education to address the issue of equity by assisting 16 high school students to create an Internet website that documented Cincinnati Ohio’s involvement in the Underground Railroad. The analysis provides insights into advantages of lessening the digital divide, offers glimpses into pedagogical challenges associated with implementing a technology curriculum, and describes students’ learning outcomes.
Design techniques for improved microwave performance of small outline packages

General techniques to improve the microwave performance of plastic leaded packages have been developed. These techniques result in an improvement of the bandwidth and reduction of losses in the structure. The techniques were applied to an SSOP8 configuration, and the useful frequency range was extended from 6 GHz to well above 10 GHz.
Strain-rate and temperature dependence of yield stress of amorphous solids via a self-learning metabasin escape algorithm

A general self-learning metabasin escape (SLME) algorithm (Cao et al., 2012) is coupled in this work with continuous shear deformations to probe the yield stress as a function of strain rate and temperature for a binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) amorphous solid. The approach is shown to match the results of classical molecular dynamics (MD) at high strain rates where the MD results are valid, but, importantly, is able to access experimental strain rates that are about ten orders of magnitude slower than MD. In doing so, we find in agreement with previous experimental studies that a substantial decrease in yield stress is observed with a decreasing strain rate. At room temperature and laboratory strain rates, the activation volume associated with yield is found to contain about 10 LJ particles, while the yield stress is as sensitive to a 1:5%Tg increase in temperature as it is to a one order of magnitude decrease in the strain rate. Moreover, our SLME results suggest that the SLME and extrapolated results from MD simulations follow distinctly different energetic pathways during the applied shear deformation at low temperatures and experimental strain rates, which implies that extrapolation of the governing deformation mechanisms from MD strain rates to experimental may not be valid.
Fair integrated scheduling of soft real-time tardiness classes on multiprocessors

Prior work on Pfair scheduling has resulted in three optimal multiprocessor scheduling algorithms, and one algorithm, EPDF, that is less expensive but not optimal. EPDF is still of interest in soft real-time systems, however, due to its ability to guarantee bounded tardiness. In particular, it has been shown that a tardiness bound of t quanta is possible under EPDF if all task weights (i.e., shares or utilizations) are restricted to a value specified as a function of t. In an actual system, however, different tasks may be subject to different tardiness bounds. If such a system is scheduled under EPDF, then the tardiness of a task with a higher bound may cause the tardiness bound of a task with a lower bound to be violated; that is, temporal isolation among the various tardiness classes may not be guaranteed. In this paper, we propose an algortihm based on EPDF for scheduling task classes with different tardiness bounds on a multiprocessor. Our algorithm provides temporal isolation among classes, allows the available processing capacity to be fully utilized, and does not require that previously established per-task weight restrictions be made more stringent.
Combining Stepped-Care Approaches with Behavioral Reinforcement to Motivate Employment in Opioid-Dependent Outpatients

Employment is associated with improved treatment outcome for opioid-dependent outpatients receiving methadone (e.g., Platt, ). Opioid-dependent individuals typically enter treatment unemployed and many remain unemployed despite reductions in heroin use. Additional interventions are needed to motivate employment seeking behaviors and outcome. This article reports on a promising approach to reduce the chronic unemployment commonplace in treatment-seeking, opioid-dependent patients—a “stepped care” service delivery intervention that incorporates multiple behavioral reinforcements to motivate patient participation in and adherence to the treatment plan. This therapeutic approach (Motivated Stepped Care—MSC; Brooner and Kidorf () was refined and modified to motivate and support a range of positive treatment behaviors and outcomes in patients with opioid-dependence (Kidorf et al. ), including job-seeking and acquisition. Patients who are unemployed after one year of treatment are systematically advanced to more...
Dielectric Barrier, Etch Stop, and Metal Capping Materials for State of the Art and beyond Metal Interconnects

Over the past decade, the primary focus for improving the performance of nano-electronic metal interconnect structures has been to reduce the impact of resistance-capacitance (RC) delays via utilizing insulating dielectrics with ever lower values of dielectric permittivity. The integration and implementation of such low dielectric constant (i.e. low-k) materials has been fraught with numerous challenges. For intermetal and interlayer (ILD) low-k dielectrics, these challenges have been largely associated to integration with metal interconnect fabrication processes and well documented and reviewed in the literature. Although equally important, less attention has been given to other low-k dielectrics utilized in metal interconnect structures that are commonly referred to as low-k dielectric barriers (DB), etch stops (ES), and/or Cu capping layers (CCL). These materials present numerous challenges as well for integration into metal interconnect fabrication processes. However, they also have more stringent integrated functionality requirements relative to low-k ILD materials that serve only a basic purpose of electrically isolating adjacent metal lines. In this article, we review the integration challenges and associated integrated functionality requirements for low-k DB/ES/CCL materials with a focus on the current status and future direction needed for these materials to facilitate both Moore’s law (i.e. More Moore) and More than Moore scaling. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0051501jss] All rights reserved.
The Portable Home: The Domestication of Public Space*

Much commentary indicates that, starting from the 19th century, the home has become the privileged site of private life. In doing so it has established an increasingly rigid separation between the private and public spheres. This article does not disagree with this basic conviction. But we argue that, in more recent times, there has been a further development, in that the private life of the home has been carried into the public sphere—what we call “the domestication of public space.” This has led to a further attenuation of public life, especially as regards sociability. It has also increased the perception that what is required is a better “balance” between public and private. We argue that this misconstrues the nature of the relation of public to private in those periods that attained the greatest degree of sociability, and that not “balance” but “reciprocity” is the desired condition.
The SNF5 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a glutamine-and proline-rich transcriptional activator that affects expression of a broad spectrum of genes

Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF5 gene affects expression of both glucose- and phosphate-regulated genes and appears to function in transcription. We report the nucleotide sequence, which predicts that SNF5 encodes a 102,536-dalton protein. The N-terminal third of the protein is extremely rich in glutamine and proline. Mutants carrying a deletion of the coding sequence were viable but grew slowly, indicating that the SNF5 gene is important but not essential. Evidence that SNF5 affects expression of the cell type-specific genes MF alpha 1 and BAR1 at the RNA level extends the known range of SNF5 function. SNF5 is apparently required for expression of a wide variety of differently regulated genes. A bifunctional SNF5-beta-galactosidase fusion protein was localized in the nucleus by immunofluorescence. No DNA-binding activity was detected for SNF5. A LexA-SNF5 fusion protein, when bound to a lexA operator, functioned as a transcriptional activator.
Data Integration for Climate Vulnerability Mapping in West Africa

Vulnerability mapping reveals areas that are likely to be at greater risk of climate-related disasters in the future. Through integration of climate, biophysical, and socioeconomic data in an overall vulnerability framework, so-called “hotspots” of vulnerability can be identified. These maps can be used as an aid to targeting adaptation and disaster risk management interventions. This paper reviews vulnerability mapping efforts in West Africa conducted under the USAID-funded African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) project. The focus is on the integration of remotely sensed and socioeconomic data. Data inputs included a range of sensor data (e.g., MODIS NDVI, Landsat, SRTM elevation, DMSP-OLS night-time lights) as well as high-resolution poverty, conflict, and infrastructure data. Two basic methods were used, one in which each layer was transformed into standardized indicators in an additive approach, and another in which remote sensing data were used to contextualize the results of composite indicators. We assess the benefits and challenges of data integration, and the lessons learned from these mapping exercises.
ADVANCES IN THE ELECTRONIC ERA

With this issue, Advances in Physiology Education completes its first year as a quarterly electronic journal, available free online to everyone. Those of you who are members of the American Physiological Society (APS) or who have paid subscriptions to Advances will receive (or may have already
Withdrawal of care in a trauma intensive care unit: the impact on mortality rate.

Withdrawal of care has increased in recent years as the population older than 65 years of age has increased. We sought to investigate the impact of this decision on our mortality rate. We retrospec...
Serotonin and ribonucleic acid and collagen metabolism of fibroblasts in vitro.

SummarySerotonin when added to mouse (3T6) and human embryo lung fibroblasts in culture at a medium concentration of 10-6M affects RNA and collagen syntheses. The effect differs depending upon the stage of cell culture when serotonin is added. During rapid cell growth, serotonin reduces the uptake of 3H-uridine into RNA and 3H-proline into protein, while serotonin added to the cells after the logarithmic growth phase stimulates the synthesis of RNA and protein. In stimulating RNA synthesis, serotonin seems to affect predominantly the species of RNA that are involved in protein synthesis, the 30s and tRNA. At no time did serotonin affect protein or collagen synthesis without a parallel response in RNA synthesis.The authors are pleased to acknowledge the review of the manuscript and helpful comments of Dr. Antero So.
Renal Cyst Versus Tumor: A Continuing Dilemma

AbstractWe report on 13 patients with renal cystic lesions who underwent full radiological investigation and remained undiagnosed preoperatively. Of 13 cysts 3 ultimately proved to be malignant at surgical exploration. A retrospective review of these cases failed to reveal any additional features that would have aided in preoperative diagnosis. Despite the high accuracy obtainable by radiological investigation, diagnostic surgical exploration is warranted in a small proportion of patients with renal cystic lesions.
Interference constrained network control based on curvature

This paper proceeds from the premise that the topology of interference constrained wireless networks heavily impacts their node-to-node delay, routing energy, and capacity region. We quantitatively analyze how the discrete Ollivier-Ricci curvature of a network affects the performance metrics of several routing protocols. Since different protocols are optimal relative to different metrics under different topologies, an adaptive control system is proposed that identifies the topology curvature and selects the best protocol under current circumstances subject to user needs. Also, we analyze how sensitive the four routing protocols (Heat Diffusion, Dirichlet, Back Pressure and Shortest Path Routing) under examination are to varying topological environment, as it would commonly be encountered in wireless networks.
Crystal Symmetry and Light Rotation

In the third of his Six Lectures on Light, John Tyndall described how a light beam is actually a transverse wave whose polarization may be determined in one of two ways. The first method, discovered by Malus and perfected by Brewster, is by reflecting the beam from a transparent substance at a special polarizing angle. In this unique case, if the incident beam is polarized in the plane of incidence, then the beam is entirely transmitted by refraction; if the beam is polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence, then the beam is entirely reflected. Notably, if the incident beam is initially unpolarized, then the polarizing angle of a particular substance is such that the reflected and transmitted beams are perfectly orthogonal to one another. The second method of determining a beam’s polarization is by passing the beam through a transparent tourmaline crystal. If its plane of polarization is perpendicular to the crystal axis of the tourmaline, then the beam will be blocked; if its plane is parallel, then it will pass. Moreover, when a thin crystal of mica is inserted at an oblique angle between two crystals of tourmaline whose axes are themselves crossed, light is—perhaps surprisingly—transmitted through all three. It is this curious phenomenon which Tyndall now endeavors to explain in his fourth lecture.
Abstract B23: The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 stabilizes Chk1 to promote the cellular response to replication stress

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is a key regulatory process in cell cycle progression. Recently, we identified mutual antagonism between the deubiquitinase USP37 as and the tumor suppressor APCCdh1 to regulate S-phase entry. Here we report that elevated USP37 expression correlates with cellular transformation. Depletion of USP37 leads to diminished cellular proliferation and loss of viability in tumor cells. USP37-depleted cells exhibit altered replication kinetics and increased levels of the DNA damage markers γH2AX and 53BP1 as well as increased sensitivity to agents that induce replication stress. Underlying the increased sensitivity, we find that USP37 interacts with the checkpoint kinase Chk1 and its binding partner Claspin and promotes the response to replication stress by stabilizing the active form of Chk1. In turn, activation of Chk1 promotes the down-regulation of APCCdh1 activity, which requires checkpoint mediated weakening of the USP37-APCCdh1 interaction. Our data suggest a model whereby the temporally regulated interplay of USP37, APCCdh1, and the replication checkpoint machinery promotes the ability of tumor cells to survive their intrinsic replication stress by enhancing replication checkpoint activity and driving the G1/S transition. These data provide an improved understanding of the replication checkpoint, control of APCCdh1, and maintenance of genome stability. Citation Format: Mayank Singh, Debjani Pal, Amy C. Burrows, Abbey Messina, Andrew Dickson, Matthew K. Summers. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 stabilizes Chk1 to promote the cellular response to replication stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Cervical and Ocular VEMP Testing in Diagnosing Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence.

Objective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) and to describe the VEMP response characteristics that are most sensitive to SCD and compare the findings to previous reports. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Two tertiary neurotologic referral centers. Subjects and Methods Cervical and ocular VEMP peak-to-peak amplitudes and thresholds from 39 adult patients older than 18 years with surgically confirmed SCD were compared with 84 age-matched controls. Results Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, cervical VEMP (cVEMP) amplitudes, cVEMP thresholds, and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) amplitudes had areas under the curve of 0.731, 0.912, and 0.856, respectively, all of which were statistically significant ( P 12.0 µV, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.6% and 81.7%, respectively. Conclusion Data from this multicenter study suggest that both cVEMP thresholds and oVEMP amplitudes remain good diagnostic tests for identifying SCD, with each test dependent on a number of factors. The sensitivity and specificity of these individual tests may vary slightly between centers depending on testing parameters used.
Deep Learning and Classification

As demonstrated in previous chapters, our TS-QPI system captures quantitative optical phase and intensity images and extracts multiple biophysical features of individual cells. In this chapter, we use these biophysical measurements to form a hyperdimensional feature space in which supervised learning is performed for cell classification. We show that TS-QPI not only overcomes the throughput issue in cellular imaging, but also improves label-free diagnosis by integration of sensing multiple biophysical features. We also compare various learning algorithms including artificial neural network, support vector machine, logistic regression, and a novel deep learning pipeline, which adopts global optimization of receiver operating characteristics. As a validation of the enhanced sensitivity and specificity of our system, we show classification of white blood T-cells against colon cancer cells, as well as lipid accumulating algal strains for biofuel production. This system opens up a new path to data-driven phenotypic diagnosis and better understanding of the heterogeneous gene expressions in cells.
GaN Devices on a 200 mm Si Platform Targeting Heterogeneous Integration

GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates possessing multiple crystal orientations. These SOI substrates have the Si (100)-SiO2-Si (111) structure, which allows Si (111) to be exposed below the buried oxide to enable GaN epitaxial growth adjacent to Si (100). The current collapse in GaN HEMTs of $ patterns is 2%–6%, which is remarkably lower than the devices on blanket materials. We believe that stress relaxation resulting from substrate patterning contributes to the reduction of current collapse. By creating small GaN patterns on a larger diameter Si wafer, co-integration of GaN with Si technology may be possible.
Superelastic and micaceous deformation in the intermetallic compound CaFe2As2

Abstract Single-crystalline intermetallic compound CaFe 2 As 2 are known to exhibit both superelasticity and micaceous plasticity, but these phenomena have not been studied in detail. Here we report a study of the elastic and plastic deformation behaviors for CaFe 2 As 2 single crystals grown in Sn-flux solution. The anisotropic mechanical response has been studied using micropillar compression tests performed in-situ within a scanning electron microscope. These data are compared with density functional theory calculations to develop an understanding of micaceous plasticity in terms of strongly anisotropic generalized stacking fault energies. The results of this work will offer design guidelines to produce mechanically robust superelastic structures.
Variation in markup of general surgical procedures by hospital market concentration.

Abstract Background Increasing hospital market concentration (with concomitantly decreasing hospital market competition) may be associated with rising hospital prices. Hospital markup – the relative increase in price over costs – has been associated with greater hospital market concentration. Methods Patients undergoing a cardiothoracic or gastrointestinal procedure in the 2008–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were identified and linked to Hospital Market Structure Files. The association between market concentration, hospital markup and hospital for-profit status was assessed using mixed-effects log-linear models. Results A weighted total of 1,181,936 patients were identified. In highly concentrated markets, private for-profit status was associated with an 80.8% higher markup compared to public/private not-for-profit status (95%CI: +69.5% - +96.9%; p Conclusion Hospital for-profit status modified the association between hospitals' market concentration and markup. Government and private not-for-profit hospitals employed lower markups in more concentrated markets, whereas private for-profit hospitals employed higher markups in more concentrated markets.
Age of Migration and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study of Elder Mexican-Americans.

Background and Objectives To explore nativity and age of migration differentials in the incidence of cognitive impairment among older Mexican-Americans. Research Design and Methods We employ maximum-likelihood discrete time hazard models to estimate risk ratios of cognitive impairment in a sample of 2,708 Mexican-Americans 65 and older who were cognitively healthy at baseline over a follow-up period of up to 20 years. Results Late-life immigrant women have a 46% higher risk of cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born Mexican-American women. Conversely, midlife immigrant men have a 29% lower risk of cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born Mexican-American men. The incidence of cognitive impairment did not differ for early-life and midlife immigrant women relative to U.S.-born women or for early- and late-life immigrant men compared to U.S.-born men. Discussion and Implications Differences in cognitive impairment risk between U.S.-born and foreign-born Mexican-American subgroups may be partly due to health selectivity. Cognitive impairment is more prevalent among immigrant groups which may result in a higher burden on family members and/or high dependency on public resources. Programs are needed that can detect decline at earlier stages and reduce the risk for cognitive impairment among older immigrants entering their last decades of life.
Evaluation of a Rapid System for Antimicrobial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Pediatric Bloodstream Infections.

Rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) techniques promise to improve the management of patients with blood stream infections (BSI).…