cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allograft lateral collateral ligament reconstruction for bilateral chronic varus instability of the hallux interphalangeal joint: A case report and literature review.

Abstract The hallux interphalangeal joint (HIPJ) is anatomically stable in the transverse plane. Therefore, chronic varus instability of this joint is an extremely rare condition. For symptomatic patients, surgical reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament is a mobility-sparing option. To date, only lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using autograft tendon has been reported. We present a case of bilateral chronic varus instability of HIPJ in a Taekwondo player, who underwent lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft.
Adding efficiency to proficiency: a study of trainee polypectomy efficiency metrics

Background Although validated colonoscopy assessment tools exist, they do not measure efficiency. This study aimed to assess content validity of polypectomy efficiency (PE) and neoplastic polypectomy efficiency (NPE) as colonoscopy efficiency indices. Methods Data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating polypectomy among gastroenterology trainees were utilized. PE and NPE were defined as number of polyps (or neoplastic polyps) removed/withdrawal time × 100. Content validity was assessed by determining the association between efficiency indices and polypectomy times. Results 20 trainees performed 601 colonoscopies. There was a strong association between PE/NPE and actual polypectomy times: as polypectomy time increased by 1 minute, the PE decreased by 0.48 (P = 0.001) and NPE decreased by 0.24 (P = 0.03). Conclusions The study proposed and provided content validity for PE and NPE as colonoscopy efficiency indices.
Public Perceptions of Collaborative Governance in Transportation Policy

Despite the widespread use and extensive studies of collaborative governance in the United States, we still know too little about how the public at large evaluates the formal inclusion of private s...
Photolysis of Trenbolone Acetate Metabolites in the Presence of Nucleophiles: Evidence for Metastable Photoaddition Products and Reversible Associations with Dissolved Organic Matter.

Photolysis of trenbolone acetate (TBA) metabolites in the presence of various nitrogen-, sulfur-, or oxygen-containing nucleophiles (e.g., azide, ammonia, or thiosulfate, respectively) results in r...
Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance: Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and perception among students and faculty within US dental schools

Purpose This study examined knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and awareness regarding antibiotic use among students and academic faculty in US dental schools. Methods Two questionnaires, 1 for third-year/fourth-year dental students and the other for academic deans/department chairs were administered electronically. Questions on demographics, antibiotic knowledge, educational formats, and the role of dentistry in antibiotic stewardship were included. Knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotics stewardship was compared between third-year and fourth-year students and between students and academic faculty using t-test and chi-squared test at 0.05 significance level. Results A total of 18 responses on the academic dean and department chair survey and 172 responses on the dental student survey were collected. Overall, 71% of students reported that they could benefit from more education regarding antibiotics. Both faculty and students agreed that dentistry should play an important role in reducing antimicrobial resistance, but most dental students were "not at all familiar" with the term antimicrobial stewardship and several (32%) were unsure if clinical guidelines were present at their schools. Conclusion Improvements to the dental educational curriculum regarding the responsible use of antibiotics, along with the implementation of stewardship programs within dentistry are strongly encouraged.
Progesterone Receptor is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cervical Cancer.

Tumor-suppressor genes (TSG) are often deleted or transcriptionally suppressed in cancer. PGR codes for progesterone receptor (PR), a transcription factor whose function depends on its ligand. Although PR expression is often undetectable in cervical cancer, its relevance to the endocrine-related etiology of this prevalent gynecological disease remains unclear. In this study, we show that the deletion of one Pgr allele in cervical epithelium promoted spontaneous cervical cancer in human papilloma viral oncogene-expressing transgenic mice as efficiently as the ablation of both Pgr alleles. We also show that tumors arising in the transgenic mice with one or both Pgr alleles did not express PR or expressed at the reduced levels compared with the normal epithelium. PR status correlated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) status in the mouse model and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. TCGA data analyses revealed that PGR expression significantly decreased in cervical cancer and that the biallelic deletion of PGR was rare. Furthermore, low PGR expression was associated with poor prognosis in young patients with cervical cancer. These discoveries point to PGR as a haploinsufficient TSG in the uterine cervix. They also raise the possibility that the restoration of PGR expression may improve the survival rate. Implications: The decreased expression of PR may increase the risk of cervical cancer in human papillomavirus–infected women. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/1/42/F1.large.jpg.
Deep Learning for Disentangling Liquidity-Constrained and Strategic Default

We disentangle liquidity-constrained default and the incentives for strategic default using Deep Neural Network (DNN) methodology on a proprietary Trepp data set of commercial mortgages. Our results are robust (insensitive) to severe Financial Crisis (2008) and plausible economic catastrophe ensuing from COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). We demonstrate an identification strategy to retrieve the motive of default from observationally equivalent delinquency classes by bivariate analysis of default rate on Net operating income (NOI) and Loan-to-Value (LTV). NOI, appraisal reduction amount, prepayment penalty clause, balloon payment amongst others co-determine the delinquency class in highly nonlinear ways compared to more statistically significant variables such as LTV. Prediction accuracy for defaulted loans is higher when DNN is compared with other models, by increasing flexibility and relaxing the specification structure. These findings have significant implications for investors, rating agencies and policymakers.
Applying incremental Deep Neural Networks-based posture recognition model for ergonomics risk assessment in construction

Abstract Monitoring and assessing awkward postures is a proactive approach for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) prevention in construction. Machine Learning models have shown promising results when used in recognition of workers’ posture from Wearable Sensors. However, there is a need to further investigate: i) how to enable Incremental Learning, where trained recognition models continuously learn new postures from incoming subjects while controlling the forgetting of learned postures; ii) the validity of ergonomics risk assessment with recognized postures. The research discussed in this paper seeks to address this need through an adaptive posture recognition model– the incremental Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (CLN) model. The paper discusses the methodology used to develop and validate this model’s use as an effective Incremental Learning strategy. The evaluation was based on real construction workers’ natural postures during their daily tasks. The CLN model with “shallow” (up to two) convolutional layers achieved high recognition performance (Macro F1 Score) under personalized (0.87) and generalized (0.84) modeling. Generalized CLN model, with one convolutional layer, using the “Many-to-One” Incremental Learning scheme can potentially balance the performance of adaptation and controlling forgetting. Applying the ergonomics rules on recognized and ground truth postures yielded comparable risk assessment results. These findings support that the proposed incremental Deep Neural Networks model has a high potential for adaptive posture recognition. They can be deployed alongside ergonomics rules for effective MSDs risk assessment.
Expression in pop-rock music : critical and analytical essays

1. The Musical World(s?) of Frank Zappa: Some Observations of his 'Crossover' Pieces 2. Frank Zappa's 'The Black Page': A Case of Musical 'Conceptual Continuity' 3. Analytic Methodologies for Rock Music: Harmonic and Voice-Leading Strategies in Tori Amos's 'Crucify' 4. Jazz-Rock? Rock-Jazz? Stylistic Crossover in Late-1970s American Progressive Rock 5. Pitch Down the Middle 6. Music, Contexts, and Meaning in U2 7. From L'Etranger to 'Killing an Arab': Representing the Other in a Cure Song 8. The Imagination of Pop-Rock Criticism 9. Trapped within the Wheels: Flow and Repetition, Modernism and Tradition in Stevie Wonder's 'Living for the City' 10. Fumbling Towards Ecstasy: Voice Leading, Tonal Structure, and the Theme of Self-Realization in the Music of Sarah McLachlan 11. Country-Pop Formulae and Craft: Shania Twain's Crossover Appeal 12. Large-Scale Strategy and Compositional Design in the Early Music of Genesis 13. Rock and Roll Rhapsody: Pop Epics of the 1970s
Ovarian carcinoma metastases to gastrointestinal tract appear to spread like colon carcinoma: implications for surgical resection.

Abstract Objective: To profile the incidence of mesenteric lymph node metastases in patients with ovarian carcinoma and metastases to the gastrointestinal tract in order to determine the optimal technique for surgical debulking. Methods: The slides and charts of all patients with ovarian carcinoma who had undergone bowel resection were retrospectively reviewed and follow-up information was obtained. Results: Of 100 separate bowel resections 44% had penetration of metastases to the muscularis, 18% had invasion through the submucosa, 4% had mucosal perforation, and two patients had clinical perforation. Fifty-five percent of all resections demonstrated lymph–vascular space invasion (LVSI). In the 33 specimens which included pathologic analysis of mesenteric lymph nodes, 79% had positive LVSI, which correlated with the presence of mesenteric lymph node metastases ( P = 0.05) but not histologic grade ( P = 0.20). When surgery was performed for secondary debulking, the frequency of mesenteric node metastasis was higher ( P = 0.15). There was a trend for patients with positive mesenteric nodes to fail sooner (median survival, 20 months vs 32 months). Conclusions: Because ovarian carcinoma metastases to the gastrointestinal tract are frequently associated with metastases to mesenteric lymph nodes, gynecologic oncology surgeons may wish to consider resection of the mesentery in a wedge fashion similar to current standards of resection for primary bowel carcinoma in cases in which a bowel resection is being performed with the intent to debulk to zero visible residual disease.
The feeding behavior of a predatory planktonic copepod, Torlanus discaudatus1

Adult females of Tortanus discaudatus can capture nearly all of the developmental stages (nauplius III to copepodid IV) of a probable natural prey species Calanus pacificus. Tortanus appears to search at random for prey and the capture of prey to depend on tactile stimuli. The relationship between ingestion rate of Tortanus and prey (nauplius stage III or V) density is satisfactorily described by an Ivlev curve, with maximum ingestion rates falling within the range of natural prey densities.
Two Very Different Stories: Vicarious Liability Under Tort and Title VII Law

Without much analysis, the U.S. Supreme Court has imported common law agency and tort principles to resolve issues of employer vicarious liability under Title VII. The story that emerges from the recent Title VII case law is one of similarity and continuity: the main theme is that Title VII is a statutory tort, making it seem appropriate to rely on longstanding common law agency principles to determine employer responsibility for the wrongful acts of their employees. This article contests the prevailing narrative, arguing that it significantly downplays major differences in the structure and history of tort and Title VII claims. Borrowing from tort law is misguided because vicarious liability principles were never meant to govern claims by employees against their own employers. Instead, at common law, the infamous “fellow servant rule” insulated employers from tort liability in such suits, with vicarious liability coming into play only when injured third parties sought recovery. Unlike the dual liability scheme of tort law – which holds both the employer and the offending employee liable – Title VII claims may be brought only against the employer. The enterprise liability scheme of Title VII thus bears little resemblance to the prototypical vicarious liability structure in tort law. The Supreme Court’s approach has lost sight of historical workers’ rights struggles which led to the enactment of comprehensive workers’ compensation statutes. By recasting Title VII as the second major intervention into the employer/employee relationship, this article tells a very different story – one of contrast and change – that would free Title VII vicarious liability doctrine from the strictures of the common law.
Cepheids in Local Group Galaxies

A program is underway to obtain accurate, well sampled light curves for Cepheids in several Local Group galaxies. We have succeeded in attaining accuracies adequate for light curve analysis for stars with periods as short as about 12 days. Photometry for six known Cepheids in NGC 6822 is discussed. Although better sampling in phase is needed to allow full light curve analysis, a Fourier decomposition was performed for one star and it appears to show some differences from galactic Cepheids. A preliminary comparison of some of the gross properties of the light curves with galactic Cepheids shows both similarities and interesting differences.
Advances in Design-Based Research

Design-based research (DBR) is a core methodology of the Learning Sciences. Historically rooted as a movement away from the methods of experimental psychology, it is a means to develop ―humble‖ theory that takes into account numerous contextual effects for understanding how and why a design supported learning. DBR involves iterative refinement of both designs for learning and theory; this process is illustrated with retrospective analysis of six DBR cycles. Calls for educational research to parallel medical research has led learning scientists to strive for more specific standards about what constitutes DBR and what makes it desirable, especially regarding robustness and rigor. A recent trend in DBR involves efforts to extend the reach through scalability. These developments potentially endanger the designerly nature of DBR by orienting focus toward generalizability, meaning researchers must be vigilant in their pursuit of understanding how and why learning occurs in complex contexts.
Characterization and modeling of amorphous metallic cores

Los Alamos is planning a new compact multi-pulsed electron linear induction accelerator (LIA) for flash radiography of explosively driven hydrodynamic experiments, the Advanced Radiography Induction Accelerator (ARIA). In order to operate in multi-pulse mode without the need to reset the inductor cores between each pulse, the design incorporates amorphous metallic glass cores. Due to their high magnetic saturation value, these provide enough volt-seconds for sequential pulsing before reaching saturation. Although metallic glass cores are used extensively, their behavior depends greatly on the particular formulation and on the specific application. For this reason, we have undertaken an effort to better characterize the cores under consideration and use this data to develop models that can be used in EM simulations. We present the characterization of two types of cores being considered: Metglas 2605CO and 2605HB1M cores. We include detailed measurements of BH curves at various magnetization rates, measurements of multiple pulses on the same core, and initial modeling efforts.
Bone Density Measurement

Bone degeneration, i.e., osteoporosis, remains a major public health problem through its association with fragility fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is a clinical tool to diagnose osteoporosis or low bone density, predict the risk of fracture, and monitor changes in bone density over time. Assessment of BMD has become as essential element in the early evaluation of patients at risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis. The noninvasive measurement of BMD is done with a variety of technologies for many different skeletal sites. Many image modalities and techniques have been developed to improve the quality and the accuracy of the measurement for bone mineral and dense assessment. There are two major densitometry techniques commonly used in assessing bone density, i.e., radiography-based densitometry and ultrasound-based assessment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) are two current acceptable modalities for bone density testing and the assessment tools for predicting fracture risk. Growing awareness of the impact of osteoporosis on the elderly population and the consequent costs of health care, together with development of new treatments to prevent fractures, have led to a rapid increase in the demand for bone densitometry measurements. The historical development, their working principles, strengths, and limitations of these technologies will be discussed in this article. Keywords: bone density; bone mineral density; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; quantitative ultrasound; osteoporosis; fracture risk; x-ray densitometry; ultrasound attenuation; speed of sound; scanning confocal ultrasound
Molecular evidence for a glycine-gated chloride channel in macrophages and leukocytes.

Recent studies have demonstrated that glycine blunts the response of Kupffer cells to endotoxin. Based on pharmacological evidence, it was hypothesized that Kupffer cells and other macrophages cont...
Synthesis, linear and nonlinear optical properties of phosphonato-substituted bithiophenes derived from 2,2′-biphenol

Two new series of phosphonato-substituted bithiophenes, BpP(X)(C4H2S)2H and BpP(X)(C4H2S)2P(X)Bp (Bp = 2,2′-C12H8O2, X = O, S, Se), have been synthesized and characterized using linear absorption and emission spectra, and third-order nonlinear absorption measurements at 430 nm with 27 ps laser pulses. The compounds were synthesized in three steps: (1) reacting lithiated bithiophene with (Et2N)2PCl; (2) reacting the product from the first step with biphenol; and (3) reacting the product from the second step with the appropriate chalcogen. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the compounds, BpP(O)(C4H2S)2P(O)Bp and BpP(Se)(C4H2S)2P(Se)Bp, are reported and show a number of intermolecular π–π interactions. The linear absorption spectra, emission spectra, and emission quantum yields show distinct trends with respect to the chalcogen and the number of phosphorus substituents attached to the 2,2′-bithiophene ring. The compounds show emission maxima at wavelengths ranging from 380–400 nm and, BpP(S)(C4H2S)2H shows a 23-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield relative to that of 2,2′-bithiophene. Fluorescence lifetimes and radiative and non-radiative decay rate constants for the first singlet excited state have been extracted from the quantum yields using time-dependent DFT calculations. Nonlinear transmission measurements indicate that all of the compounds show nonlinear absorption at 430 nm with 27 ps laser pulses in spite of their low solubilities. Notably, the nonlinear absorption threshold of a 0.16 mol L−1 CH2Cl2 solution of BpP(Se)(C4H2S)2H is 0.9 J cm−2. The excellent emission quantum yields and good nonlinear absorptions make these compounds promising candidates for optical power limiting applications and as host materials for violet-blue organic light emitting diodes.
Mountain Biking Injuries in Children and Adolescents

Over the last decade, the sport of mountain biking has experienced extensive growth in youth participation. Due to the unpredictable nature of outdoor sport, a lack of rider awareness and increased participation, the number of injuries has unnecessarily increased. Many believe that the actual incidence of trauma in this sport is underestimated and is just the 'tip of the iceberg'. The most common mechanism of injury is usually attributed to downhill riding and forward falling. Although rare, this type of fall can result in serious cranial and thoraco-abdominal trauma. Head and neck trauma continue to be documented, often resulting in concussions and the possibility of permanent neurological sequelae. Upper limb injuries range from minor dermal abrasions, contusions and muscular strains to complex particular fracture dislocations. These are caused by attempting to arrest the face with an outstretched hand, leading to additional direct injury. Common overuse injuries include repeated compression from the handlebars and vibration leading to neurovascular complications in the hands. Along with reports of blunt abdominal trauma and lumbar muscle strains, lower extremity injuries may include various hip/pelvic/groin contusions, patellofemoral inflammation, and various muscle strains. The primary causes of mountain biking injuries in children and adolescents include overuse, excessive fatigue, age, level of experience, and inappropriate or improperly adjusted equipment. Additional factors contributing to trauma among this age group involve musculoskeletal immaturity, collisions and falls, excessive speed, environmental conditions, conditioning and fitness status of the rider, nonconservative behavioural patterns, and inadequate medical care. The limited available data restrict the identification and understanding of specific paediatric mountain biking injuries and injury mechanisms. Education about unnecessary risk of injury, use of protective equipment, suitable bikes and proper riding technique, coupled with attentive and proper behaviour, are encouraged to reduce unnecessary injury. This article provides information on the causation and risk factors associated with injury among young mountain bikers, and recommendations to minimize trauma and enhance optimal performance and long-term enjoyment in this outdoor sport.
The Expression of Interionic Relationships in Pinus elliottii

The effects of factorial combinations of N, P and Mg on some of the interrelationships among nutrient ions as they occurred in seedlings of slash pine were investigated. In similar studies, true interactions have not always been differentiated from apparent interactions, the result of comparing foliage concentrations in plants with widely divergent growth rates. To prevent this, nutrient solutions were formulated to produce conditions ranging only from slight deficiency through luxury consumption. This relatively narrow range of nutrition allowed actual interactions to be separated from those changes in foliage concentration that are primarily a result of large differences in growth.The needles were analyzed for total and soluble N and total P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Each level of each nutrient variable had a significant effect on the concentration of 1 or more dissimilar elements. The familiar depressive effect of N on foliar P was observed; however this relationship was shown to be primarily the result of growth dilution rather than anion antagonism. Increased Mg did antagonistically reduce the uptake of Ca and, generally, K. Increments of P not required for growth stimulated uptake of N, Ca, Mg and K. No relationship was found between Mg supply and P accumulation.
Regulation of NMDA receptor desensitization in mouse hippocampal neurons by glycine

Responses to the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are markedly potentiated by nanomolar concentrations of glycine. This is due to the action of glycine at a novel strychnine-resistant binding site with an anatomical distribution identical to that for NMDA receptors, suggesting that the NMDA receptor channel complex contains at least two classes of amino-acid recognition site. Antagonists at the glycine-binding site associated with NMDA receptors act as potent non-competitive antagonists, but do not alter the mean open time or conductance, as estimated by fluctuation analysis. The mechanisms by which glycine acts on NMDA receptors are unknown, but single-channel recording experiments show an increase in opening frequency with no change in mean open time or conductance, suggesting that glycine could regulate transitions to states that are intermediate between binding of NMDA receptor agonists and ion-channel gating. It has been suggested that glycine acts as a co-agonist at the NMDA receptor, and that responses to NMDA cannot be obtained in the complete absence of glycine, but in these experiments the response to NMDA was measured at equilibrium, and it is unlikely that sufficient temporal resolution was achieved to detect rapid alterations in receptor gating. Using a fast perfusion system we find that glycine regulates desensitization at NMDA receptors; this has a major effect on the response to NMDA measured at equilibrium, as would occur with slower applications of agonist. Reduction of NMDA receptor desensitization by glycine provides an example of a novel mechanism for regulation of ion-channel activity.
Characterization of Cardiac β-Adrenergic Receptors in the Guinea Pig Heart: Application to Study of β-Adrenergic Receptors in Shock Models

Abstract The myocardial response to catecholamines is significantly diminished in many types of shock or heart failure. The guinea pig heart is an ideal model for the study of shock, as it is relatively inexpensive, and the cardiovascular system of the guinea pig most closely resembles that of the human. Using this model, we have developed techniques to characterize and quantitate changes in β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) in the guinea pig heart after burn injury. Preliminary experiments were performed to determine the optimum binding conditions, e.g., incubation time and conditions, protein concentrations, rinsing, etc. Additional experintents were conducted using agonists and antagonists to characterize the rank order of potency and stereospecificity of the βAR. Crude membrane preparations (50 μg/250μl) from sham-burned and burned hearts were incubated with 8-10 concentrations of 125 I-cyanopindolol (10-450 pM) at 37°C for 1 hr. Under these conditions, binding assays were linear with respect to protein concentration and time. Alprenolol (10 μM) was used to determine nonspecific binding. The membrane preparations used in this study bound both agonists and antagonists with a rank order of potency and stereospecificity characteristic of a β-adrenergic receptor. Finally, agonist competition curves were performed with isoproterenol in the presence and absence of Gpp(NH)p to determine receptor regulation by the Gs protein. Analysis using computer-assisted techniques suggests that the fraction of high-affinity β-receptors is significantly reduced after burn injury (41.2 ± 4.7%) compared to sham-burned controls (54 ± 2%, P ⩽ 0.023). The methods described here can be easily adapted to correlate cardiac dysfunction with changes in β-adrenergic receptors during many types of shock or trauma.
Heterogeneity in the allocation of external public financing: evidence from post-MDRI countries

This article revisits the evidence on the allocation of external public financing to post-MDRI countries while controlling for heterogeneity across recipient economies through quantile regressions. The results show that donors were more selective in terms of institutional quality when allocating aid to countries with the highest income per capita in the sample.
Gregory F. Treverton, Intelligence for an Age of Terror

Gregory F. Treverton, Intelligence for an Age of Terror (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009). Pp.306. $30.00. Hb. ISBN 978-0-521-51845-1. One consequence of the terrorist attacks of Septemb...
Structure-activity studies of dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles against Giardia lamblia: correlation of antigiardial activity with DNA binding affinity and giardial topoisomerase II inhibition.

Nine dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles were examined for their in vitro activities against Giardia lamblia WB (ATCC 30957). The potential mechanisms of action of these compounds were evaluated by investigating the relationship among in vitro antigiardial activity and the affinity of the molecules for DNA and their ability to inhibit the activity of giardial topoisomerase II. Each compound demonstrated antigiardial activity, as measured by assessing the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine by giardial trophozoites exposed to the test agents. Three compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antigiardial activities, with 50% inhibitory concentrations which compared very favorably with those of two currently used drugs, quinacrine HCl and metronidazole. Putative mechanisms of action for these compounds were suggested by the strong correlation observed among in vitro antigiardial activity and the affinity of the molecules for natural and synthetic DNA and their ability to inhibit the relaxation activity of giardial topoisomerase II. A strong correlation between the DNA binding affinity of these compounds and their inhibition of giardial topoisomerase II activity was also observed. Images
Conspicuity Of Object Features Determines Local Versus Global Mental Rotation Strategies

Mental rotation is a top down process that is evidenced by the time required todiscriminate between identical and mirrored objects increasing linearly with theangular deviation between them. Although mental rotation is a distributedprocessingtask,itsdependenceon objectfeaturesis notwellunderstood(Nakatani& Pollatsek, 2004). Therefore we investigated the effect of congruent versusincongruent color markers on mental rotation strategies. It is unclear just how theavailability of colorin images modulatesmentalrotation strategies for visualobjectrecognition(Tanakaet al.,2001).We tracked participants’eyemovementsto getaninsightintothesestrategies.Theresultssuggestthatfor highlydemandingrotationtasks, distinctive features induce multiple local comparisons of object structurewhereas the absence of such features tends to induce mental rotation of largerpartsof theobjector theentireobject.
Carbon dioxide capture from flue gas by pressure swing adsorption at high temperature using a K‐promoted HTlc: Effects of mass transfer on the process performance

Using hundreds (640) of simulations obtained from a cyclic adsorption process simulator, two heavy reflux (HR) pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles were analyzed at the periodic state for the capture and concentration of CO 2 from flue gas at high temperature (575 K), using a K-promoted hydrotalcite like compound (HTlc). Since the values of the adsorption (k a ) and desorption (k d ) mass transfer coefficients of CO 2 in the K-promoted HTlc were uncertain, this study focused only on the effects of k a and k d on the process performance. Both, a 5-bed 5-step stripping PSA cycle with light reflux (LR) and HR from LR purge and a 4-bed 4-step stripping PSA cycle with HR from countercurrent depressurization were studied using a vacuum swing cycle with the high pressure fixed at 137.9 kPa and the feed set at 15 vol % CO 2 , 75 vol %, N 2 , and 10 vol % H 2 O. For the 5-bed process, increasing both k a (= 0.0058 s -1 ) and k d (= 0.0006 s -1 ) by a factor of five increased both the CO 2 purity and CO 2 recovery, achieving a CO 2 purity of nearly 90% at a CO 2 recovery of 72% and feed throughput (6) of 57.6 L STP/h/kg. Increasing k a and k d by a factor of ten further increased both the CO 2 purity and CO 2 recovery, achieving for the first time a CO 2 purity greater than 90% at a CO 2 recovery of 85% and 0 of 57.6 L STP/h/kg. Making k d = k a (= 0.0058 s -1 ) resulted in a CO 2 Purity of 89% with a CO 2 recovery of 72% at a 6 of 57.6 L STP/h/kg; and increasing that value by a factor of five led to a CO 2 purity of 91% at a high CO 2 recovery of 88% and 0 of 57.6 L STP/h/kg. These results suggested that the performance was desorption limited. For the 4-bed process, when k a and k d were both increased by a factor of five, the CO 2 Purity increased to 98% at a θ of 201.7 L STP/h/kg, but the CO 2 recovery decreased to 5%. Overall, it was proven that mass transfer effects were important to the performance of this high temperature CO 2 recovery process, with higher but acceptable values of k a and k d leading to CO 2 purities of greater than 90%, a needed limit for process viability.
Effects of certain pyrimidines on cleavage and nucleic acid metabolism in sea urchin. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, embryos

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of 2,4-diamino-5-( P -chlorophenyl) 6-elhyl pyrimidine and 2,4-diamino-5-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl) 6-ethyl pyrimidine on the development of embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , were studied. These two compounds are known to be folic acid antagonists. 2. 2. Cleavage was retarded in all cultures exposed to the antimetabolites. Cells of odd shapes and sizes were frequently produced in such cultures. 3. 3. The specifie activity of DNA purines was sharply reduced in embryos exposed to the two antimetabolites with either glycine-1- 14 C or glycine-2- 14 C as precursors. The amount of DNA synthesis was only 55–60 per cent of the normal yield. 4. 4. The specific activity of RNA purines was also markedly reduced, although in some instances less seriously than that of the DNA purines. The yield was not affected by the antimetabolites. 5. 5. In one set of experiments the specific activity of adenine and guanine from the total acid-soluble fraction was greatly reduced in the cultures containing the analogues. In two other sets of experiments, the specific activity of adenosine monophosphate was depressed to a degree commensurate with that sustained by purines of RNA in the same experimental cultures. 6. 6. The proteins isolated suffered a moderate depression of incorporation of labeled amino acid in some of the cultures exposed to the antimetabolites. 7. 7. The decrease in incorporation of label by nucleic acid purines, nucleotides, and proteins was almost invariably more in embryos exposed to 2,4-diamino-5-( P -chlorophenyl) 6-ethyl pyrimidine than in those exposed to 2,4-diamino-5-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl) 6-ethyl pyrimidine.
Management Tenure and Risk-Adjusted Performance of Mutual Funds

Longer-tenure fund managers are often thought to provide better returns than shorter-tenure fund managers. An examination using a risk-adjusted performance measure indicates that the longest-tenured managers do show better risk-adjusted performance than shorter-tenured fund managers. These longer-tenured managers also charge lower fees than the others. Lower expense ratios and more time at the helm result in higher mutual fund returns on both a total return and a risk-adjusted return basis. This research extends our knowledge of mutual fund performance covering the entire bull market of the 1990s.
Prevention of Nonductile Fracture in 6061-T6 Aluminum Nuclear Pressure Vessels

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee has approved rules for the use of 6061-T6 and 6061-T651 aluminum for the construction of Class 1 welded nuclear pressure vessels for temperatures not exceeding 149 C (300 F). Nuclear Code Case N-519 will allow the use of this aluminum in the construction of low-temperature research reactors such as the Advanced Neutron Source. The rules for protection against nonductile fracture are discussed. The basis for a value of 25.3 MPa{radical}m (23 ksi {radical}in.) for the critical or reference stress intensity factor for use in the fracture analysis is presented. Requirements for consideration of the effects of neutron irradiation on the fracture toughness are discussed.
Optical control of calcium affinity in a spiroamido-rhodamine based calcium chelator.

An optically controlled Ca2+-chelator 1 was developed to mimic natural calcium oscillations. Compound 1, a spiroamido-rhodamine derivative of 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), underwent cycles of reversible transitions between a colorless closed state and a fluorescent open form. The closed-state exhibited a high affinity for Ca2+ (Kd: 509 nM) with excellent selectivity over Mg2+ (Kd: 19 mM). The open isomer had a 350-fold lower Ca2+ affinity (Kd: 181 μM), while the Mg2+ affinity was not significantly affected (Kd: 14 mM).
Chronic neurosteroid treatment attenuates single cell GABAA response and its potentiation by modulators in cortical neurons

Abstract In previous studies we have observed that chronic neurosteroid 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (5α3α) treatment produced downregulation of the GABA A receptors, heterologous uncoupling, and decreased heterologous efficacy at the GABA A receptor complex in cultured mammalian cortical neurons. In this study, using whole cell recording, we examined the consequence of chronic 5α3α (1 μM; 5 days) treatment on GABA-induced currents in isolated cortical neurons. We observed that the GABA current was decreased by 78% after 5 days treatment of cortical cells with 1 μM; 5α3α. We also observed decreased pentobarbital, and 5α3α potentiation of GABA currents after chronic 5α3α treatment. These findings support the notion that GABA response, and its potentiation by pentobarbital, and neurosteroid, 5α3α, are attenuated after chronic 5α 3α treatment.
A stochastic model for examining along-wind loading uncertainty and intervention costs due to wind-induced damage on tall buildings

Abstract This study describes some recent results of a numerical study on the wind-induced response of a tall building, contaminated by along-wind loading uncertainty. The study also proposes the use of “intervention costs” in the form of a dimensionless random variable, which nonlinearly depends on the dynamic response of the structure, for the examination of the structural performance during high-wind events. The CAARC building is employed as the benchmark structure. Three nonlinear reduced-order models are used to describe the dynamic response. In these models various hypotheses are introduced to systematically and efficiently simulate both loading uncertainty and cost variability. The generalized models are formulated in terms of stochastic differential equations and are approximately solved by equivalent stochastic linearization. In the case of loading uncertainty analysis, the joint probability density function of the roof-top lateral dynamic displacements in the two primary bending planes of the building is determined as a function of the mean wind speed and the standard deviation of a parametric error term. Dependence of the cross-correlation among the two response components on the input standard deviation of the parametric error term is observed. In the case of the intervention cost analysis, it is noted that the main contributing factor to the distribution of the intervention cost random variable is the mean wind speed. The combination of wind loading uncertainty and projected intervention costs on the dynamic response of the structure is the first step towards the implementation of alternative but rational analysis methods for performance-based wind engineering, applied to tall buildings.
Analysis of cerebellar Purkinje cells using EAAT4 glutamate transporter promoter reporter in mice generated via bacterial artificial chromosome-mediated transgenesis

The EAAT4 glutamate transporter helps regulate excitatory neurotransmission and prevents glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in the cerebellum. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization have previously defined a cerebellar cell population expressing this protein. These methods, however, are not well suited for evaluating the dynamic regulation of the transporter and its gene-especially in living tissues. To better study EAAT4 expression and regulation, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) promoter eGFP reporter transgenic mice. Histological analysis of the transgenic mice revealed that the EAAT4 promoter is active predominantly in Purkinje cells, but can also be modestly detected in other neurons early postnatally. EAAT4 promoter activity was not present in non-neuronal cells. Cerebellar organotypic slice cultures prepared from BAC transgenic mice provided a unique reagent to study transporter and Purkinje cell expression and regulation in living tissue. The correlation of promoter activity to protein expression makes the EAAT4 BAC promoter reporter a valuable tool to study regulation of EAAT4 expression.
Evidence of multiplication of sowthistle yellow vein virus in an inefficient aphid vector, Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Abstract The aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae was able to acquire sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV) from infected sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus , as readily as did the efficient vector, Hyperomyzus lactucae . After acquisition, the virus survived in an infective state in the hemocoel for the life of the aphid but was rarely transmitted to plants. The recovery of virus from M. euphorbiae at intervals after injection with infective hemolymph showed a low level of infective virus 1 day after injection followed by a much higher level 4 days later. The initial low level phase was more marked than in H. lactucae . Evidence for the multiplication of SYVV in M. euphorbiae was obtained by serial passage of the virus by injection without access to infected source plants. Four of fifteen lines established from aphids injected with hemolymph from viruliferous H. lactucae still contained virus particles after 16 passages. Unless virus multiplication is assumed, this was equivalent to a dilution of 10 −32 based on an estimated 100-fold dilution at each passage. Infectivity was lost after dilution in vitro to ca. 10 −3 . The maintainence of an approximately constant median incubation period in test aphids suggested that the level of virus in the hemolymph of M. euphorbiae remained approximately constant at each passage. In three lines, H. lactucae assay insects inoculated with virus, passaged in M. euphorbiae beyond the seventh passage, did not transmit virus infective to test plants, although virus particles were readily detected by electron microscopy in both M. euphorbiae and nontransmitting H.lactucae .
Of the Earth, Spheres, and Consequences

Judging by its diverse mix of interesting chapter titles, Of the Earth, Spheres, and Consequences promises an intriguing potpourri of geophysical topics within a relatively short and very attractively priced volume. I was interested in it as a book that I might recommend to students as general background reading. When I received the book, however, I discovered that part of the low price is due to production costs.
Regional trend of climatic change in the USA

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the climatic trends of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation from 1931 to 2000, in four regions of the USA: Northeast, South Atlantic, North Central, and Pacific West. Design/methodology/approach – Five-year moving averages are calculated for each climatic variable of all regions and used for the trend analysis. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the level of significance for each trend line. A trend with p < 0.0001 is considered statistically significant throughout the study. Findings – The data show a 0.62°C increase in temperature in the Pacific West from 1931 to 2000. Over the same time period, precipitation has increased by 10.4 centimeters in the North Central Region, which is 10 percent higher than the long-term average for the region. Originality/value – The 0.62°C increase suggests that the Pacific West may be experiencing the effect of global warming because this finding is consistent with the result of the Canadian climati...
The Design And Implementation of the MC68851 Paged Memory Management Unit

Pipelining, microsequencer start-up in parallel with bus arbitration, and a fully associative translation cache enhanced the performance of this 32-bit memory management device.
Geometrical magnetoresistance and hall mobility in gunn effect devices

Abstract Geometrical magnetoresistance is developed as a technique for the determination of the Hall mobility of carriers in bulk effect GaAs microwave diodes at low electric fields. Spurious magnetoresistance effects due to inhomogeneities are analyzed and are shown to be negligible to first order for conductivity gradients oriented along the direction of the impressed electric field. For epitaxially grown GaAs, this is the predominant type of inhomogeneity and is due to diffusion of impurities out of the substrate or to a change in the doping during the growing process. The effect of contact resistance on the measurements of mobility is discussed as are a number of other practical aspects of the method, including the effect of misorientation of the magnetic field, the errors caused by finite aspect ratios of the diodes, heating by the measuring current, and the effect of magnetic shielding by parts of some commonly used microwave packages. The relationship between the Hall mobility and the magnetoresistance mobility is determined experimentally for GaAs at room temperature. The ratio is found to beμm/μH = 1.03±0.07.
SPONTANEOUS DIABETES IN A DOG.

The picture is one of a true diabetes mellitus, first attracting attention after miscarriage. Although the G : N ratio sank from 3 : 1 on 10 gm. of nitrogen to 1.7 : 1 after 3 days' fasting, the disease progressed steadily in spite of a long continued carbohydrate-free diet. Together with the usual complications of diabetes, a malignant tumor of the thymus developed, so that after 5 months' observations a slow death was forestalled by chloroform. The most striking feature at autopsy was the large, apparently normal pancreas, which exhibited histologically marked changes in the islands of Langerhans, extreme hydropic degeneration and exhaustion of granules, involving both alpha and beta cells, but especially the latter, and replacement of some islands by fibrous tissue.
Poverty and other factors affecting migration intentions among adolescents in Mexico

This study aimed to understand the social and economic factors that impact migration intentions among Mexican adolescents. The sample consists of 980 adolescents surveyed in Tijuana, Mexico, in February 2009. Multiple regressions were run controlling for gender, age, parents' education level, and average grades in school. The results indicated that lower socioeconomic status was not a significant predictor of higher intentions to migrate to the United States to work. The results also indicated that higher levels of pre-migration acculturation were associated with higher intentions to migrate to the United States to live and work. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.