cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social and Geographic Contexts of Water Concerns in Utah

ABSTRACTPublic concerns about water issues are key considerations in responding to changing hydrologic conditions. Literature is mixed on the social profiles associated with resource-related risks. Using data from a household survey, we compare concerns about water shortage, climate change impacts on water supply, poor water quality, and flooding. We assess the combined influence of social and locational factors on each concern and variations across three valleys in northern Utah. Generalized linear mixed modeling is used, given the ordinal nature of most variables. Water shortage was the greatest concern, and female, older, nonwhite, and recreationally active respondents were generally more concerned about water issues than their counterparts. Education, income, and religious identity presented more complicated relationships with water concerns, with significant interaction effects with valley geography. This study has implications for improving public involvement in risk management and engendering suppo...
Corporate Social Responsibility and Growth Opportunity: The Case of Real Estate Investment Trusts

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involvement and disclosure has been becoming increasingly popular among US public firms, including those that qualify as real estate investment trusts (REITs). This paper aims to discover the relationship between CSR involvement and potential determinants such as growth opportunities, profitability, visibility, and agency costs. Types of CSR involvement are assessed in terms of environmental, community, and governance disclosures and are quantified using word count from the company’s voluntary disclosure. Our results support the hypothesis that CSR has a strategic element and that REITs have greater CSR involvement when they have greater growth and investment opportunities. When the type of disclosure is broken into subcategories, the results show that not all dimensions of CSR are alike: environmental, community, and governance CSR disclosures appear to be motivated by different sets of incentives and reasons.
Corporate Governance: The Jack Wright Series (6a) CEO Performance Appraisal and Compensation

The process by which the board determines the mix of vehicles for compensation of the CEO and the level of compensation is among the most important aspects of board responsibility. Additionally, the board must appraise the performance of the CEO, many aspects of which necessarily relate to the various methods of compensation. This case provides a vehicle for the discussion of many aspects of these topics. Excerpt UVA-OM-1088 Rev. May 12, 2011 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: The Jack Wright Series (6A) CEO Performance Appraisal and Compensation Introduction In early December, 2002, prior to the beginning of the next fiscal year, the Executive Compensation Committee of the Mega Corporation board met to review the performance of the CEO, John Rock, and to set his compensation for the coming year. . . .
Robert B. Pippin: Hegel on Self-Consciousness: Desire and Death in the Phenomenology of Spirit

In the world of Hegel studies, Robert Pippin casts a long shadow. His first book on the philosophical giant, Hegel's Idealism : The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness (Cambridge University Press, 1989), defended a daringly re visionary reading of Hegel's overall project, which has since become standard fare. His more recent venture, collected in Hegel's Practical Philosophy : Rational Agency as Ethical Life (Cambridge University Press, 2008), breathed new life into Hegel's theory of agency by pitting it against contemporary Hobbesian and Kantian reconstructions. Now, Pippin's newest contribution to the literature, Hegel on Self-Consciousness: Desire and Death in the Phenomenology of Spirit, returns to the subject of selfconsciousness and provides a detailed reinterpretation of Hegel's notorious masterslave dialectic. On Pippin's insightful and bold new reading, Hegel's aim in this section is to develop a novel conception of self-consciousness, defined as the practical activity of questioning and confirming the truth of one's own beliefs, which Pippin describes as a normative and social achievement rather than as a two-place observational relation. Readers at every level of familiarity with Hegel can find something of value in this book. The uninitiated will appreciate Pippin's accessible and reader-friendly prose - the text is adapted from a lecture series, and it retains a conversational style punctuated with frequent sign-posting and summary - as well as its clear articulation of Hegel's general philosophical project, couched in terms familiar to contemporary philosophical discourse. Students and scholars in disciplines outside of philosophy will benefit from the clear, concise, and philosophically rigorous account of a frequently cited but rarely read text, which is too often commandeered for philosophically negligent purposes. Finally, graduate students and even seasoned experts in the field will find value in the work, too, as it presents an overview and assessment of the interpretive project which began more than 20 years ago and
On 2-adic Kaprekar constants and 2-digit Kaprekar distances

Abstract Let b ≥ 2 and n ≥ 2 be integers. For a b-adic n-digit integer x, let A (resp. B) be the b-adic n-digit number obtained by rearranging the numbers of all digits of x in descending (resp. ascending) order. Then we define the Kaprekar transformation T ( b , n ) ( x ) : = A − B . Then there exist the smallest integers d ≥ 0 and l ≥ 1 such that T ( b , n ) d ( x ) ↦ ⋯ ↦ T ( b , n ) d + l ( x ) = T ( b , n ) d ( x ) . This loop is called the Kaprekar loop arising from x of length l and the integer d is called the Kaprekar distance from x to the loop. In particular, if T ( b , n ) ( x ) = x , then x is called Kaprekar constant. In this article, we prove that any 2-adic Kaprekar constant is the 2-adic expression of a product of two suitable Mersenne numbers. As a corollary to this theorem, we see that for a prime number p, the b-adic expression of p is a b-adic Kaprekar constant if and only if b = 2 and p is a Mersenne prime number. We also obtain some formulas for the Kaprekar distances from b-adic 2-digit integers of the form ( c 0 ) b for all b ≥ 2 and 1 ≤ c ≤ b − 1 .
SIGMM Award for Outstanding Ph.D. Thesis in Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2017

ACM Special Interest Group on Multimedia (SIGMM) is pleased to present the 2017 SIGMM Outstanding Ph.D. Thesis Award to Dr. Chien-Nan (Shannon) Chen. The award committee considers Dr. Chien-Nan Chen's dissertation entitled "Semantics-Aware Content Delivery Framework For 3D Tele-Immersion" worthy of the recognition as the thesis is the first to consider semantic information in full-aspect with 3DTI systems. Dr. Chen's thesis includes confound semantic factors regarding user (role, preferences, view), activity (range, speed, posture, position, number of participants, repetitiveness), and environment (network capability, computing capability, power limitation) into the design and development of our 3DTI systems. Less than a year after its publication, the methodology advanced by this thesis has been adopted by three real-life multimedia applications. One of them is Facebook's 360 video streaming, which adopted user-objective awareness into its dynamic streaming for 360 content. The second application also comes from Facebook's 360 media. In the latest F8 conference (Facebook's annual developer conference) of 2017, they announced that the new dynamic streaming standard will encompass content-semantics awareness into its new view prediction model, which leads to more effective pre-buffering of 360 video content. The third application is a theatrics social experiment involving hundreds of Shakespeare enthusiasts in The Miracle Theatre, UK, which referenced the 3DTI amphitheater developed in this thesis which adopts semantic awareness on prioritized content dissemination. ....
A framework for streamflow prediction in the world’s most severely data-limited regions: Test of applicability and performance in a poorly-gauged region of China

Abstract A framework methodology is proposed for streamflow prediction in poorly-gauged rivers located within large-scale regions of sparse hydrometeorologic observation. A multi-criteria model evaluation is developed to select models that balance runoff efficiency with selection of accurate parameter values. Sparse observed data are supplemented by uncertain or low-resolution information, incorporated as ‘soft’ data, to estimate parameter values a priori. Model performance is tested in two catchments within a data-poor region of southwestern China, and results are compared to models selected using alternative calibration methods. While all models perform consistently with respect to runoff efficiency (NSE range of 0.67–0.78), models selected using the proposed multi-objective method may incorporate more representative parameter values than those selected by traditional calibration. Notably, parameter values estimated by the proposed method resonate with direct estimates of catchment subsurface storage capacity (parameter residuals of 20 and 61 mm for maximum soil moisture capacity ( C max ), and 0.91 and 0.48 for soil moisture distribution shape factor ( B ); where a parameter residual is equal to the centroid of a soft parameter value minus the calibrated parameter value). A model more traditionally calibrated to observed data only (single-objective model) estimates a much lower soil moisture capacity (residuals of C max = 475 and 518 mm and B = 1.24 and 0.7). A constrained single-objective model also underestimates maximum soil moisture capacity relative to a priori estimates (residuals of C max = 246 and 289 mm). The proposed method may allow managers to more confidently transfer calibrated models to ungauged catchments for streamflow predictions, even in the world’s most data-limited regions.
The Blue Light Response of Stomata and the Green Vacuolar Fluorescence of Guard Cells

Guard cells modulate gas exchange between the leaf and the environment by regulating the aperture of the stomatal pore. The changes in aperture are mediated by fluctuations in the turgor of the guard cells, which require active ion transport (Hsiao 1976). Light is indisputably a primary factor affecting stomatal opening and closing but its mode of action remains controversial. Two current points of view postulate a purely incidental role for light on the one hand (Raschke 1977) and a primary role in driving ion transport on the other (Zeiger et al. 1977, 1978). The wavelength dependence of the stomatal responses to light provides us with a useful tool to examine the mechanism whereby light affects the opening and closing of stomata. Published data on the subject can be grouped in three classes: 1. The responses show an action spectrum which resembles the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. 2. The responses show maxima in the blue and the red but the effect of blue light is markedly enhanced. 3. The responses can be generated by blue light only, red light being ineffective.
Structure and scintillation properties of Ce3+-activated Cs2NaLaCl6, Cs3LaCl6, Cs2NaLaBr6, Cs3LaBr6, Cs2NaLaI6 and Cs3LaI6

Abstract A systematic study of the structure and scintillation properties of La elpasolites and related compositions with the formula Cs 2 ALa 1− y Ce y X 6 (where A=Cs, Na; X=Cl, Br, I) is reported. The compounds were determined to crystallize in a variety of crystal structures. Two of the compounds studied are cubic and their structures match a prediction derived from a composition-related tolerance factor. The cubic structure was not obtained with the iodides. Upon optical and X-ray excitation, the samples show the characteristic Ce 3+ emission. Depending on the host, the optimal Ce concentration varied between 0.1 and 15%. The luminosity and energy resolution were measured on 4 single crystals with the following results: Cs 2 NaLaCl 6 :4% Ce luminosity of 26,400 ph/MeV, energy resolution 4.4%; Cs 3 LaCl 6 :8% Ce luminosity of 16,000 ph/MeV, energy resolution 8.6%; Cs 2 NaLaBr 6 :4% Ce luminosity of 46,000 ph/MeV, energy resolution 3.9%; Cs 3 LaBr 6 :15% Ce luminosity of 32,500 ph/MeV, energy resolution 4.9%. Single crystals of the iodide analogs could not be obtained by the Bridgman technique due to phase separation. Polycrystalline forms of these compounds, obtained by quenching from the melt, are scintillators.
A Survey of Polyvariance in Abstract Interpretations

Abstract interpretation is an efficient means for approximating program behaviors before run-time. It can be used as the basis for a number of different useful techniques in static analysis more broadly, and can thus in-turn be used to prove properties needed for security or optimization. Polyvariance represents a way of obtaining higher precision in an abstract interpretation by producing multiple abstract states for each function or lexical point of interest in the program. This paper explores the role of polyvariance in these analyses and how it is manifested, unifying the disparate presentations in the literature.
Perspectives in Ecological Modeling and Simulation

Dynamic watershed simulation modeling must rest firmly on modern ecological theories. It is important that watershed modeling consider a broad array of current theories in ecology. A model can be inadequate if it embraces (and therefore facilitates) a single ecological theory. Wu and Loucks (1991) state: “A hierarchical perspective is appropriate and necessary to unify ecological concepts and theories. The unification can be accomplished only by focusing on the multiplicity of scales of ecological phenomena. Such a unifying perspective does not preclude, but builds upon, pluralistic studies at different ecological scales.”
The Human Person

Edith Stein’s approach to the person is an original blend of phenomenological and perennial ways of probing the question of what it means to be human. Initially she proceeds from analyses of concrete lived experience to conclusions regarding the essential structure of human being. She differs from both her masters. Husserl, in his concern for epistemological structures, did not produce a holistic philosophical anthropology and separated personal experience from his ideal of philosophy as strict science. Aquinas uses experience as an important source, but Stein’s specifically phenomenological method is radically different from his.
American College of surgeons /Association for Surgical Education Medical Student Simulation-based Surgical Skills Curriculum: Alignment with Entrustable Professional Activities.

Abstract Background We hypothesized that medical experts would concur the American College of Surgeons/Association for Surgical Education Medical Student Simulation-based Surgical Skills Curriculum (“ACS/ASE Curriculum”) could be used to teach and assess Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). Methods A “crosswalk” was created between ACS/ASE Curriculum modules and eight EPAs. Medical education experts participated in a Delphi process regarding feasibility of using the modules for teaching and assessing EPAs. Results Twenty-eight educators from six clinical fields participated. There was consensus that five of the EPAs could be taught and assessed by the ACS/ASE Curriculum. A median of nine hours per month outside the surgical clerkship was recommended for skills training. Conclusions The ACS/ASE Curriculum lays the framework for implementing select EPAs into medical student education. Experts recommended increased time for skills training with incorporation of the modules into the first three years of medical education, with assessments planned in the third to fourth years.
Analysis of Resonance and Anti-Resonance Frequencies in a Wireless Power Transfer System: Analytical Model and Experiments

This brief presents a magnetic coupling wireless power transfer system configured in a series-series topology and operating at both resonance and anti-resonance frequencies which occur due to the parasitic coil capacitances. It is shown that their effects on system dynamics cannot be ignored. A mathematical model based on circuit theory is developed and the analytical solution for the power transferred to an electrical load is derived. A technique for extracting coil parameters such as resistance, inductance and capacitance from impedance measurements is proposed. The complete model is first experimentally verified and then used for further numerical investigations.
Modelo para la implementación de un sistema integrado de gestión de calidad y ambiental en una empresa SIDERÚRGICA

The dynamics of markets has led business organizations to implement management tools that allow them to acquire new competitive advantages. Currently, these advantages are not only generated by external environment conditions, but also by the optimization of internal processes. This paper presents a model for implementing an integrated management system of quality and environmental in a steel manufacturing enterprise from the approach to process. A diagnosis is made against the fulfilment of the requirements of the international ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 14001:2015 standards. Subsequently, a two-stage model is presented for the integrated management system implementation. The model involves the processes and activities that should be taking into account to comply with the regulatory requirements and to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. The guidelines provided in this paper are applicable to any type of business organization, for the purpose of implementing integrated management systems.
Fluorescent 5-Pyrimidine and 8-Purine Nucleosides Modified with an N-Unsubstituted 1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl Moiety.

The Cu(I)- or Ag(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition between 8-ethynyladenine or guanine nucleosides and TMSN3 gave 8-(1-H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) nucleosides in good yields. On the other hand, reactions of 5-ethynyluracil or cytosine nucleosides with TMSN3 led to the chemoselective formation of triazoles via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition or vinyl azides via Ag(I)-catalyzed hydroazidation. These nucleosides with a minimalistic triazolyl modification showed excellent fluorescent properties with 8-(1-H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-2′-deoxyadenosine (8-TrzdA), exhibiting a quantum yield of 44%. The 8-TrzdA 5′-triphosphate was incorporated into duplex DNA containing a one-nucleotide gap by DNA polymerase β.
Indigenizing Academics Through Leadership, Awareness, and Healing: The Impact of a Native American Health Seminar Series for Health Professionals, Students, and Community.

Health disparities have long affected American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. Transformations are needed in academia to help understand Indigenous ‘ways of knowing.’ Lifting the voices of AI/ANs in telling their stories could improve the education of students, faculty and the lay public. We collaborated to develop, implement and evaluate a Native American Health Seminar Series taught by AI/AN leaders on addressing health disparities among AI/AN people. A quasi-experimental mixed methods design included a 15-item survey to assess the impact of the Seminar Series on knowledge of AI/AN health issues and its influence, among students, on health career choices. During the 2018 academic year, three seminars were held and 243 participants attended. In total, 182 surveys (74.9%) were completed by faculty members, students and members of the lay public. Students (all categories combined) represented the highest participant group (48.4%), followed by the lay public at 30% and faculty at 21.6%. The highest scores on knowledge of Native health issues prior to seminar attendance were reported by those representing the lay public with a mean of 3.96 compared to 3.67 for faculty and 3.43 among students (p = 0.01), which was highly represented by Indigenous people. Increases in knowledge occurred in all participant groups. Among students, 65.6% initially indicated that they were not planning on pursuing a career in Native health. Among these, 56.9% indicated they were somewhat to extremely likely to pursue a career in Native health as a result of having attended the seminar.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis and Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

This chapter presents a focused, comprehensive, and rational framework for cataloging, considering, and assessing normal female reproductive function, developmental changes, abnormalities, and downstream effects of normal and abnormal menstrual function. It also furnishes a trellis upon which diagnostic methods and treatments may develop and be applied.
@HOME: Exploring the Role of Ambient Computing for Older Adults

Building on results of a recent global study as well as additional exploratory research focused on Aging in Place, this paper reflects on the role that intelligent systems and ambient computing may play in future homes and cities, with a specific emphasis on populations aged 65 and beyond. This paper is divided into five sections. The first section provides an introductory background, which outlines context, vision, and implications around the development of ambient computing and smart home technologies for the 65+ population. The second part of the paper overviews the methodological approaches adopted during the research activity at the center of this paper. The third section summarizes pertinent findings and a discussion on the opportunities offered by intelligent, ambient systems for the 65+ population follows. While this fourth section will specifically focus on the smart home, it will also provide reflections on opportunities and applications in the context of autonomous vehicles and smart cities. The fifth and last section offers conclusive remarks, including implications for developers and designers that are shaping ambient computing usages and technologies for the 65+ population. The paper ultimately advocates for adopting Participatory Design [1] approaches, to ensure that intelligent and ambient technologies are developed with (instead of for) end users.
R-branch line intensities and temperature-dependent line broadening and shift coefficients of the nitric oxide fundamental rovibrational band

Abstract Two quantum cascade lasers were used to measure line intensities and line shape parameters of nitric oxide rovibrational transitions in the R-branch of the fundamental band near 1900 cm − 1 in a heated static cell with temperatures from 294 to 802 K and in a shock tube from 1000 to 2500 K. Pressure in the static cell and shock tube experiments ranged from 0.025 to 1 atm and 1.5 to 3.2 atm, respectively. Collision broadening and pressure shift coefficients along with their temperature dependence were determined for nitrogen, argon, and air collision partners. The line shapes of high J” rovibrational transitions (i.e. R(39.5)–R(43.5)) were measured for the first time at elevated temperatures, where these transitions become sufficiently strong. Additionally, several hot band transitions were measured. Measured line intensities show good agreement with those measured by other researchers and tabulated in the HITRAN databases. Comparisons between the temperature exponents measured in the static cell and shock tube provide evidence that the power law often used to define the temperature dependence of collisional effects does not hold outside the temperature range studied.
Luminescence and Electron Dynamics in Atomically Precise Nanoclusters with Eight Superatomic Electrons.

The [Au25(SR)18]− and [Au13(dppe)5Cl2]3+ [dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane] nanoclusters both possess a 13-atom icosahedral core with 8 delocalized superatomic electrons (8e), but their emis...
Repeated cross-sectional sero-monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City.

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in China and has since caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 in New York City was officially confirmed on 1 March 2020 followed by a severe local epidemic1. Here, to understand seroprevalence dynamics, we conduct a retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in weekly intervals from the beginning of February to July 2020 using more than 10,000 plasma samples from patients at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. We describe the dynamics of seroprevalence in an 'urgent care' group, which is enriched in cases of COVID-19 during the epidemic, and a 'routine care' group, which more closely represents the general population. Seroprevalence increased at different rates in both groups; seropositive samples were found as early as mid-February, and levelled out at slightly above 20% in both groups after the epidemic wave subsided by the end of May. From May to July, seroprevalence remained stable, suggesting lasting antibody levels in the population. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced in New York City earlier than previously documented and describe the dynamics of seroconversion over the full course of the first wave of the pandemic in a major metropolitan area.
Uncoupled method for static aeroelastic analysis

Abstract Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis is often highly computationally expensive, making it infeasible to conduct iterative aeroelastic design studies or rigorous optimizations. This work develops a new method for aeroelastic analysis that can be more efficient in the determination of final structure/fluid equilibrium configurations, especially during design studies where attributes of a structure may be altered but those of the flow are unchanged. In this new scheme, referred to as the uncoupled static aeroelastic analysis method, the usual approach of performing fluid and structure analysis that increments in time in a coupled manner is replaced by many fully decoupled, and thus highly parallelizable, structural and fluid analyses. Surrogate modeling of results enables analytical determination of interpolation intersections between physical solution fields, such intersections being proposed as the solution to coupled FSI analysis. Since the fluid and structure result sets are calculated and stored separately, fluid results can be re-used without additional analysis when the structure considered is modified (e.g., as during a design study), enabling new solutions to be quickly obtained while avoiding the more expensive fluid evaluations. This new method is demonstrated herein on three examples: (1) a rigid baffle, (2) a cantilevered deformable baffle, and (3) an aeroelastic wing. For each, the solution found via the uncoupled method is shown to closely approximate the FSI solution. Parallelization of the evaluations required to generate data for the uncoupled method enables solutions to be obtained in significantly less time as compared to the coupled scheme.
Questioning Quality in Early Childhood Teacher Education Through the Lens of Culture

In this chapter, we examine early childhood teacher candidates’ reflection on the roles of culture in a teacher education program in the Northeastern United States. Specifically, we analyze teacher candidates’ cultural analysis of a preschool classroom and written reflections on their own cultural background, produced in a preschool curriculum course and an infant and toddler course. In these two courses, teacher candidates had opportunities to analyze what they observed in a preschool classroom and examine their own assumptions about culture through an introspection. Our analysis demonstrated that teacher candidates may need not only more exposure to examples of early childhood education and care practices from different cultures, but also more guidance in critically reflecting on what it means to have varying cultural practices and beliefs in early childhood classrooms.
Integrating Electrical and Operational Load Models for Control Evaluation

This paper describes extending a real-time 4-zone Medium Voltage DC Shipboard Power System (MVDC SPS) simulation with an operational load model. Prior efforts have resulted in two separate simulation platforms 1) 4-zone MVDC SPS and 2) vBOLDPower, a non-real-time operational load modeling tool. This paper focuses on combining these two tools into a single multi-domain real-time simulation. This will allow the power system and associated controllers to interact with a realistic load model and further development of a system-relevant environment for evaluating system-level SPS controls. This paper's primary contribution is the interface design and cosimulation approach for an integrated electrical and operational load real-time simulation testbed. Demonstrations of this work are given highlighting the importance and relevance for control evaluation.
Reliability Characterization of a Low- k Dielectric Using Magnetoresistance as a Diagnostic Tool

Device reliability predictions of the low-k amorphous dielectric material SiCOH using its negative magnetoresistance (MR) is demonstrated herein. The magnitude of the MR is related to the density of defects at the interface and within the bulk of the dielectric material. Moreover, the mean-free path of carriers in the bulk dielectric material within the conduction band is increased in the presence of an applied external magnetic field due to the electron spin-polarization relaxation time modification cooperative effect resulting in suppression of the formation of singlet states and trap-mediated spin-singlet state pair hopping due to carrier spin constraints supporting triplet states with a concomitant rise in current in the conduction band. Interelectrode charge carrier conduction due to trap states within the bulk of the material leading to dielectric breakdown is a major detractor in insulators. A direct correlation is shown between the MR in the amorphous dielectric material SiCOH (a-SiCOH) and failure rates of the insulator in time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) material lifetimes.
The use of linkage analysis and the Centre d'Etude Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) panel of DNA in the study of the arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and prodynorphin gene loci.

The hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT), which are released from the human posterior pituitary gland, play important roles in fluid homeostasis, parturition, and lactation. This chapter describes the linkage analysis and the Centre d’Etude Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) panel of DNA in the study of the AVP, OT, and prodynorphin gene loci. Somatic cell hybridization with AVP probes has shown AVP to reside on chromosome 20 without assignment to a specific region while another hormone locus on chromosome 20 is prodynorphin (PDYN), which is one of the three distinct precursor genes for opioid peptides. The fact that AVP and PDYN, although dissimilar in function, are closely linked genetically and physically and are coexpressed in response to osmotic challenge suggests that the two genes could possibly share the same transcriptional activation system. However, further studies might be considered to determine if the coexpression of these two genes is because of their sharing the same promoter region or if a homologous promoter region has been duplicated regionally.
Advanced solar thermal storage medium test data and analysis

A comparative study has been made of experimentally obtained heat transfer and heat storage characteristics of a solar thermal energy storage bed utilizing containerized water or phase change material (PCM) and rock or brick. It is shown that (1) containers with an L/D ratio of 0.80 and a mass/surface area ratio of 2.74 in a random stacking arrangement have the optimum heat transfer characteristics; and (2) vertical stacking has the least pressure drop across the test bed. It is also found that standard bricks with appropriate holes make an excellent storage medium.
Journey to Work: Transnational Prostitution in Colonial British West Africa

I was brought here from Nigeria by the accused [Bassey Assor] about three years ago. . . . I was brought to Sekondi and after a few weeks taken to Prestea. At Prestea a whiteman came and made some arrangement with [the] accused and I was then told to go into a room with the whiteman. I objected but was forced into the room by the accused and the man had connexion [sic] with me which resulted in my vagina bleeding profusely. I was in pain and ill for some time afterwards. On recovery I was taken to another whiteman but ran away from him and returned to the accused. The accused beat me and made me return to the man but I again left. After this I was taken to Konongo, Tarkwa and Bibiani. At each of these places the accused sent me to different men who had connexion with me. The men paid the accused and sometimes gave me chop [food] money. After leaving Bibiani I and the accused returned to Sekondi where we lived together in one room with a partition down the centre. Every evening I had to sit at the door and men would come to accuse [sic] and ask for me. If I refused to go with a man the accused would beat me.
Time-dependent compressive strength of unidirectional viscoelastic composite materials

The strength of unidirectional composites is often lower in compressionthan in tension, making compressive strength an especially importantdesign criterion. Compressive strength in the fiber direction depends onthe stiffness of the matrix material, which softens over time due toviscoelastic effects, and thus lowers the strength of the composite.This reduction must be accounted for in assessing the long-termdurability of composite structures.
Large-scale organizational computing requires unstratified reflection and strong paraconsistency

Organizational Computing is a computational model for using the principles, practices, and methods of human organizations. Organizations of Restricted Generality (ORGs) have been proposed as a foundation for Organizational Computing. ORGs are the natural extension of Web Services, which are rapidly becoming the overwhelming standard for distributed computing and application interoperability in Organizational Computing. The thesis of this paper is that large-scale Organizational Computing requires reflection and strong paraconsistency for organizational practices, policies, and norms. Strong paraconsistency is required because the practices, policies, and norms of large-scale Organizational Computing are pervasively inconsistent. By the standard rules of logic, anything and everything can be inferred from an inconsistency, e.g., "The moon is made of green cheese." The purpose of strongly paraconsistent logic is to develop principles of reasoning so that irrelevances cannot be inferred from the fact of inconsistency while preserving all natural inferences that do not explode in the face of inconsistency. Reflection is required in order that the practices, policies, and norms can mutually refer to each other and make inferences. Reflection and strong paraconsistency are important properties of Direct Logic [Hewitt 2007] for large software systems. Godel first formalized and proved that it is not possible to decide all mathematical questions by inference in his 1st incompleteness theorem. However, the incompleteness theorem (as generalized by Rosser) relies on the assumption of consistency! This paper proves a generalization of the Godel/Rosser incompleteness theorem: theories of Direct Logic are incomplete. However, there is a further consequence. Although the semi-classical mathematical fragment of Direct Logic is evidently consistent, since the Godelian paradoxical proposition is selfprovable, every theory in Direct Logic has an inconsistency!
Communication: A flexible multi-reference perturbation theory by minimizing the Hylleraas functional with matrix product states

We describe a formulation of multi-reference perturbation theory that obtains a rigorous upper bound to the second order energy by minimizing the Hylleraas functional in the space of matrix product states (MPS). The first order wavefunctions so obtained can also be used to compute the third order energy with little overhead. Our formulation has several advantages including (i) flexibility with respect to the choice of zeroth order Hamiltonian, (ii) recovery of the exact uncontracted multi-reference perturbation theory energies in the limit of large MPS bond dimension, (iii) no requirement to compute high body density matrices, (iv) an embarrassingly parallel algorithm (scaling up to the number of virtual orbitals, squared, processors). Preliminary numerical examples show that the MPS bond dimension required for accurate first order wavefunctions scales sub-linearly with the size of the basis.
Control of compensatory lung growth by adrenal hormones

The effects of adrenalectomy and/or in vivo treatment with hydrocortisone acetate (HCA;5 mg X kg-1 X day-1) on lung growth were investigated in control and pneumonectomized rats of 250 g body wt. Left pneumonectomy (day 0) initiated rapid hyperplastic growth of the right lung, which was unaffected by HCA. Similarly, HCA had no effect on lung growth in unoperated control animals. Two weeks after pneumonectomy, right lung dry mass, protein, RNA, and DNA were equal to that in both lungs of unoperated rats. Adrenalectomy 5 days before (day -5) left pneumonectomy increased the rate and extent of right lung growth, but did not change its hyperplastic character. Continuous HCA treatment (days -5 to 14) prevented the adrenalectomy-mediated increase in postpneumonectomy lung growth. "Early" HCA dosing (days -5 to 6) of adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized animals suppressed lung growth to the pneumonectomy level, but from days 7 to 14 growth accelerated to the adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized rate. Conversely, "late" HCA, initiated when adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized animals had restored normal total lung mass (days 6 to 14), quickly reduced right lung growth to rates typical of unoperated controls. The latter effects were not observed unless continuous steroid treatment was provided throughout this interval. The data support a role for glucocorticosteroids in modulation of the accelerated compensatory lung growth initiated by partial resection of the tissue.
Purification and properties of pentachlorophenol hydroxylase, a flavoprotein from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723.

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) hydroxylase which catalyzed the conversion of PCP to 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone and released iodide from triiodophenol in the presence of NADPH and oxygen was identified. The enzyme was purified by protamine sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and crystallization. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of 63,000. Under certain conditions, dimer and multimer conformations were also observed. The pI of the enzyme was pH 4.3. The optimal conditions for activity were a pH of 7.5 to 8.5 and a temperature of 40 degrees C. Each enzyme molecule contained one flavin adenine dinucleotide molecule. The Km for PCP was 30 microM and the Vmax was 16 mumol/min/mg of protein. The enzymatic reaction required 2 mol of NADPH per mol of halogenated substrate. On the basis of the data we present, it is likely that PCP hydroxylase is a flavoprotein monooxygenase. The addition of flavins to the reaction mixture did not stimulate the enzymatic reaction; however, we identified the photodegradation of triiodophenol and tribromophenol, but not PCP, by flavin mononucleotide or riboflavin and light. Images
College Students' Behavior on Self-Tailored, Multiple-Choice Examinations

Abstract The purpose of this study was to observe college students' behavior on five multiple-choice, self-tailored exams of 75 items. Self-tailoring was defined as an option to omit up to five questions from being scored on an exam. Ninety-nine students from two sections of an undergraduate educational psychology course made a statistically significant increase in their mean scores on all exams by using the self-tailoring procedure. Students' efficacy in omitting incorrect answers on self-tailored tests was noted. There was a statistically significant linear increase in percent of incorrectly answered questions omitted from the total number of questions omitted in five exams. Frequency of questions omitted from scoring was statistically negatively correlated with their difficulty. Implications for assessment and teaching using self-tailored tests in college classrooms were mentioned.
Introduction to the Symposium Global Perspective on the Culex pipiens Complex in the 21st Century: The Interrelationship of Culex pipiens, quinquefasciatus, molestus and Others

A symposium on the mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens Complex (Pipiens Complex), including Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. molestus, invited 17 of the world's experts on this species Complex to explore the current state of knowledge on the systematic status, speciation, ecology, biology, vector competence, population genetics, endosymbionts, and role in disease transmission of these species in various parts of the world. A Foreword, Introduction, 14 full papers, 3 abstracts and this Summary are published in this special issue of the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. A summary of findings, overall conclusions, and research needs will be discussed in relation to mosquito control and interrupting disease transmission caused by these species.
Matricellular Protein CCN1 Activates a Proinflammatory Genetic Program in Murine Macrophages

CCN1 (CYR61) is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed at sites of inflammation and wound repair. In these contexts, CCN1 can modify the activities of specific cytokines, enabling TNF-alpha to be cytotoxic without blocking NF-kappaB activity and enhancing the apoptotic activity of Fas ligand and TRAIL. In this paper, we show that CCN1 supports the adhesion of macrophages through integrin alpha(M)beta(2) and syndecan-4, activates NFkappaB-mediated transcription, and induces a proinflammatory genetic program characteristic of classically activated M1 macrophages that participates in Th1 responses. The effects of CCN1 include upregulation of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12b), chemokines (MIP-1alpha; MCP-3; growth-related oncogenes 1 and 2; and inflammatory protein 10), and regulators of oxidative stress and complement (inducible NO synthase and C3) and downregulation of specific receptors (TLR4 and IL-10Rbeta) and anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-beta1). CCN1 regulates this genetic program through at least two distinct mechanisms: an immediate-early response resulting from direct activation of NF-kappaB by CCN1, leading to the synthesis of cytokines including TNF-alpha and inflammatory protein 10; and a delayed response resulting from CCN1-induced TNF-alpha, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine mediator to activate the expression of other cytokines including IL-1beta and IL-6. These results identify CCN1 as a novel component of the extracellular matrix that activates proinflammatory genes in macrophages, implicating its role in regulating macrophage function during inflammation.
Reply to the Comment by K. Jorgensen et al. to “Analysis of constant rate period of spray drying of slurry”

Abstract Previously developed model for spray drying of slurry droplets with high solid content (Liang, 2001) was revised to describe correctly a boundary condition on the outer surface of droplet on basis of the rate of liquid evaporation.
The price of nationalism: Evidence from the Soviet Union

This paper investigates the effect of implicit subsidies from the Russian Republic to other republics within the former Soviet Union on voting behavior in the All-Union Referendum of March 1991. These subsidies comprised the difference between interrepublic trade balances at domestic and world prices. A model of voting behavior incorporating effects of ethnic composition and subsidies on voting yields the estimating equation. Regression results suggest voters are influenced more by economics (subsidies) than by politics (ethnicity), although ethnicity was an important determinant of republican cooperation with Soviet authorities. Analysis of estimation results suggests the level of implicit subsidies required to increase support for the Soviet regime from 60% to 75% would have equaled 10% of the Russian republic's GDP.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration—a Genome Scan in Extended Families

We performed a genomewide scan and genetic linkage analysis, to identify loci associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We collected 70 families, ranging from small nuclear families to extended multigenerational pedigrees and consisting of a total of 344 affected and 217 unaffected members available for genotyping. We performed linkage analyses using parametric and allele-sharing models. We performed the analyses on the complete pedigrees but also subdivided the families into nuclear pedigrees. Finally, to dissect potential genetic factors responsible for differences in disease manifestation, we stratified the sample by two major AMD phenotypes (neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy) and by age of affected family members at the time of our evaluation. We have previously demonstrated linkage between AMD and 1q25-31 in a single large family. In the combined sample, we have detected the following loci with scores exceeding a LOD=2 cutoff under at least one of the models considered: 1q31 (HLOD=2.07 at D1S518), 3p13 (HLOD=2.19 at D3S1304/D3S4545), 4q32 (HLOD=2.66 at D4S2368, for the subset of families with predominantly dry AMD), 9q33 (LODZlr=2.01 at D9S930/D9S934), and 10q26 (HLOD=3.06 at D10S1230). Using correlation analysis, we have found a statistically significant correlation between LOD scores at 3p13 and 10q26, providing evidence for epistatic interactions between the loci and, hence, a complex basis of AMD. Our study has identified new loci that should be considered in future mapping and mutational analyses of AMD and has strengthened the evidence in support of loci suggested by other studies.
Enhancement of streptolysin O activity and intrinsic cytotoxic effects of the group A streptococcal toxin, NAD-glycohydrolase

Streptolysin O (SLO) is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin produced by the important human pathogen, group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes or GAS). In addition to its cytolytic activity, SLO mediates the translocation of GAS NAD-glycohydrolase (NADase) into human epithelial cells in vitro. Production of both NADase and SLO is associated with augmented host cell injury beyond that produced by SLO alone, but the mechanism of enhanced cytotoxicity is not known. We have now shown that expression of NADase together with SLO dramatically enhanced the lytic activity of GAS culture supernatants for erythrocytes but had no effect on SLO-mediated poration of synthetic cholesterol-rich liposomes. This result revealed a previously unknown contribution of NADase to the cytolytic activity associated with GAS production of SLO. Purified recombinant SLO bound NADase in vitro, supporting a specific, physical interaction of the two proteins. Exposure of human keratinocytes to wild-type GAS, but not to a NADase-deficient mutant strain, resulted in profound depletion of cellular NAD+ and ATP. Furthermore, expression of recombinant GAS NADase in yeast, in the absence of SLO, induced growth arrest, depletion of NAD+ and ATP, and cell death. These findings have provided evidence that the augmentation of SLO-mediated cytotoxicity by NADase is a consequence of depletion of host cell energy stores through the enzymatic action of NADase. Together, the results have provided mechanistic insight into the cytotoxic effects of a unique bipartite bacterial toxin.
Gender differences in the effects of Internet usage on high school absenteeism

Abstract Considerable controversy surrounds the effects technologies such as the Internet have on human capital accumulation. We stratify a large sample of students into males and females and explore gender differences in two related questions: first, does Internet usage affect high school students’ absenteeism differently for males and females? Second, to what degree does the intensity of Internet use affect male versus female absenteeism? We utilize data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which measures educational outcomes, Internet use and a host of other correlates. Poisson regression and probit results indicate that excessive Internet use increases absenteeism for high school students and gender differences are present.