cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced tabletability of roller compacted granules as a result of granule size enlargement.

ABSTRACT: The mechanism for the frequently observed “loss of reworkability or tabletability” of dry-granulated (DG) powders was investigated in detail using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). It was hypothesized that granule size enlargement is the primary mechanism to the phenomenon. Detrimental effects of size enlargement on tabletability of plastic materials are predictable based on the physical model of interparticulate bonding within a tablet. In absence of extensive fracture of particles/granules, larger particles/granules exhibit lower surface area available for bonding thus lower tensile strength when compressed under identical conditions. Size effects were first demonstrated using different grades of MCC powders, both whole and sieved, of different particle size distributions. Regardless grade and sieve fraction, larger particles always resulted in lower tabletability, that is, lower tensile strength at the same compaction pressure. It was subsequently shown that enlargement of granules also reduced powder tabletability regardless grade of MCC. Tabletability of sieved granules after roller compacted for one, two, and four times decreased monotonically with increasing granule size but independent of the total number of roller compaction. Moreover, tabletability of fine granules (44–106 µm) was higher than that of coarse MCC powder (Avicel PH-200). These results suggest that the primary mechanism for reduced tabletabilty of DG granules of MCC is granule size enlargement rather than “work-hardening.” © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
277 Radial Versus Linear and Second Look Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Improved Detection of Pancreatic Lesions: A Randomized Tandem Study

crossed the papilla and looped in the duodenum, the echoendoscope was withdrawn and an ERCP scope was positioned at the papilla. The guidewire was pulled in the biopsy channel of ERCP scope, and ERCP was completed. Data was collected regarding single session success, complications and duration of hospitalization. Results: 35 patients were analyzed (17 intrahepatic, 18 extrahepatic). There was no difference in the two groups with regards to age (53.06 versus 53.83 years), sex (10 males versus 12 males), indications (11 malignant versus 13 malignant distal obstructions) or mean CBD diameter (12.24mm versus 12.33mm) in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic groups. There was no difference in the technical success amongst the two groups. However the intra-hepatic group had a higher incidence of post-procedure pain, bile leak, and air under diaphragm (p 0.045). All the bile leaks were small and settled by conservative management. One patient in the intra-hepatic group underwent exploration on 4th post-procedure day due to suspected perforation. No perforation was found, and he was discharged on the 13th day. Mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher for the intra-hepatic group. Conclusions: EUS guided rendezvous procedure has similar success rate by intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic route. However the intra-hepatic route has significantly higher post procedure pain, bile leak and duration of hospitalization. Extra-hepatic route should be preferred for EUSRP in patients with distal CBD obstruction.
Herniated thoracic intervertebral disks

The diagnosis of herniated thoracic disks has historically been confusing for the clinician and difficult for the radiologist. Its protean manifestations lead it to mimic many diseases including spinal cord tumors and degenerative diseases. Radiographically, its diagnosis has been difficult by both routine radiography and myelography. Our two cases demonstrate post-metrizamide (Amipaque) myelogram computed tomography to be a valuable aid in the diagnosis of herniated thoracic disks.
Surface modification on time-resolved fluorescences of Fe2O3 nanocrystals

Abstract The time-resolved studies on the fluorescence properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared by forcing hydrolysis and microemulsion techniques were carried out for the first time. Two different systems of different sized nanocrystals were characterized. Specifically Fe2O3 5, 10 and 20 nm particles in water and Fe2O3 5, 10 nm particles in toluene demonstrated different fluorescence behavior. We discussed the observed phenomena in terms of surface related effects, attributing the crucial role in optical time response to the surface polarization in these systems. At the same time we clarify some controversial conclusions made in other related studies.
Communication: High precision sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy of the HeH+ ion

The hydrohelium cation, HeH+, serves as an important benchmark for ab initio calculations that take into account non-adiabatic, relativistic, and quantum electrodynamic effects. Such calculations are capable of predicting molecular transitions to an accuracy of ∼300 MHz or less. However, in order to continue to push the boundaries on these calculations, new measurements of these transitions are required. Here we measure seven rovibrational transitions in the fundamental vibrational band to a precision of ∼1 MHz using the technique of Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy. These newly measured transitions are included in a fit to the rotation-vibration term values to derive refined spectroscopic constants in the v = 0 and v = 1 vibrational states, as well as to calculate rotation-vibration energy levels with high precision.
Lifespan Extension by Preserving Proliferative Homeostasis in Drosophila

Regenerative processes are critical to maintain tissue homeostasis in high-turnover tissues. At the same time, proliferation of stem and progenitor cells has to be carefully controlled to prevent hyper-proliferative diseases. Mechanisms that ensure this balance, thus promoting proliferative homeostasis, are expected to be critical for longevity in metazoans. The intestinal epithelium of Drosophila provides an accessible model in which to test this prediction. In aging flies, the intestinal epithelium degenerates due to over-proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and mis-differentiation of ISC daughter cells, resulting in intestinal dysplasia. Here we show that conditions that impair tissue renewal lead to lifespan shortening, whereas genetic manipulations that improve proliferative homeostasis extend lifespan. These include reduced Insulin/IGF or Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling activities, as well as over-expression of stress-protective genes in somatic stem cell lineages. Interestingly, proliferative activity in aging intestinal epithelia correlates with longevity over a range of genotypes, with maximal lifespan when intestinal proliferation is reduced but not completely inhibited. Our results highlight the importance of the balance between regenerative processes and strategies to prevent hyperproliferative disorders and demonstrate that promoting proliferative homeostasis in aging metazoans is a viable strategy to extend lifespan.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Peer-Facilitated Interventions Addressing High-Risk Drinking Among Judicially Mandated College Students

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effectiveness of three peer-facilitated brief alcohol interventions-small group motivational interviewing, motivationally enhanced peer theater, and an interactive alcohol-education program-with students engaging in high-risk drinking who were referred for alcohol policy violations. METHOD: Undergraduate students referred for alcohol policy violations (N = 695) at a large northeastern public university were randomized to one of the three conditions. Six-month follow-up data were collected on drinking frequency and quantity, negative consequences, use of protective behaviors, and perceptions of peers' drinking norms. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant overall pre-post effects or treatment effects. However, exploratory analyses indicated that decreases in perceived norms and increases in use of protective behavioral strategies were associated with reductions in alcohol use and alcohol-related problems at follow-up (p Language: en
The many roles of the highly interactive HSV protein ICP27, a key regulator of infection

Human herpes viruses cause an array of illnesses ranging from cancers for Epstein?Barr virus and Kaposi?s sarcoma-associated herpes virus, to painful skin lesions, and more rarely, keratitis and encephalitis for HSV. All herpes viruses encode a multifunctional protein, typified by HSV ICP27, which plays essential roles in viral infection. ICP27 functions in all stages of mRNA biogenesis from transcription, RNA processing and export through to translation. ICP27 has also been implicated in nuclear protein quality control, cell cycle control, activation of stress signaling pathways and prevention of apoptosis. ICP27 interacts with many proteins and it binds RNA. This article focuses on how ICP27 performs its many roles and highlights similarities with its homologs, which could be targets for antiviral intervention.
From Business Ethics to the Vocation of Business Leaders to Humanize the World of Business

This article is the integral text of an inaugural lecture as professor extraordinary for business ethics at the Catholic University of Brabant at Tilburg, the Netherlands. The author is professor of ethics at the Catholic University of Leuven (K.U.Leuven) and an Associate Editor of this Review.
Two Charts: Not One

Because data coming from a typical operating process do not vary about a fixed mean, the operation of traditional control charts may be inconsistent. It is shown that a nonstationary model provides a continuously updated local mean level that can be use..
Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea

Photopigment optical density (OD) of middle-(M) and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive cones was determined to evaluate the hypothesis that reductions in the amount of photopigment are responsible for age-dependent sensitivity losses of the human cone pathways. Flicker thresholds were measured at the peak and tail of the photoreceptor's absorption spectrum as a function of the intensity of a bleaching background. Photopigment OD was measured at 0 (fovea), 2, 4, and 8 deg in the temporal retina by use of a 0.3-deg-diameter test spot. Seventy-two genetically characterized dichromats were studied so that the L- and M-cones could be analyzed separately. Subjects included 28 protanopes with M- but no L-cones and 44 deuteranopes with L- but no M-cones (all male, age range 12-29 and 55-83 years). Previous methods have not provided estimates of photopigment OD for separate cone classes in the foveola. In this study, it was found that foveolar cones are remarkably efficient, absorbing 78% of the available photons (OD = 0.65). Photopigment OD decreased exponentially with retinal eccentricity independently of age and cone type. Paradoxically, the OD of perifoveal cones increased significantly with age. Over the 70-year age range of our participants, the perifoveal M- and L-cones showed a 14% increase in capacity to absorb photons despite a 30% decrease in visual sensitivity over the same period.
Binary role of an ylide in formation of a terminal methylidene complex of niobium.

The first structurally characterized niobium(V) complex possessing a terminal methylidene ligand is reported in high yield from the reaction of [(Ar′O)2Nb(CH3)2Cl] (Ar′ = (2,6-CHPh2)2-4-tBu-C6H2) and two equivalents of H2CPPh3.
Bilingual Education Policy Development: The Reagan Years, 1980–1987

Abstract This essay traces the Federal government’s changing role under the Reagan Administration and the impact this has had on bilingual education policy. It argues that the nation’s bilingual education policy has been redefined and its growth halted as a result of Federal actions.
The Search for Folding Intermediates and the Mechanism of Protein Folding

My research began with theory and methods for ultracentrifugal studies of proteins, first at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with Bob Alberty and Jack Williams, then at Oxford University with A.G. (“Sandy”) Ogston, and finally back at Wisconsin with Williams and Lou Gosting. In 1959 I joined Arthur Kornberg's Biochemistry Department at Stanford University. Our first work was physical studies of DNA replication and then DNA physical chemistry, and DNA studies ended with the energetics of DNA twisting. In 1971 we began to search for protein folding intermediates by fast-reaction methods. We found the slow-folding and fast-folding forms of unfolded ribonuclease A, which led to the understanding that proline isomerization is sometimes part of the folding process. Using hydrogen exchange as a probe, we found the rapid formation of secondary structure during folding and used this to provide an NMR pulse labeling method for determining structures of folding intermediates. Our studies of peptide helices pro...
The Cysteine-Cysteine Family of Chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β Induce Trypanocidal Activity in Human Macrophages via Nitric Oxide

This paper describes a new role for the cysteine-cysteine (CC) chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta on human macrophage function, which is the induction of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated trypanocidal activity. In a previous report, we showed that RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta enhance Trypanosoma cruzi uptake and promote parasite killing by human macrophages (M. F. Lima, Y. Zhang, and F. Villalta, Cell. Mol. Biol. 43:1067-1076, 1997). Here we study the mechanism by which RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta activate human macrophages obtained from healthy individuals to kill T. cruzi. Treatment of human macrophages with different concentrations of RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta enhances T. cruzi trypomastigote phagocytosis in a dose peak response. The optimal response induced by the three CC chemokines is attained at 500 ng/ml. The macrophage trypanocidal activity induced by CC chemokines can be completely inhibited by L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of the L-arginine:NO pathway, but not by its D-enantiomer. Culture supernatants of chemokine-treated human macrophages contain increased NO2- levels, and NO2- production is also specifically inhibited by L-NMMA. The amount of NO2- induced by these chemokines in human macrophages is comparable to the amount of NO2- induced by gamma interferon. The killing of trypomastigotes by NO in cell-free medium is blocked by an NO antagonist or a NO scavenger. This data supports the hypothesis that the CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta activate human macrophages to kill T. cruzi via NO, which is an effective trypanocidal mechanism.
Optimizing Submarine Berthing with a Persistence Incentive

Submarine berthing plans reserve mooring locations for inbound U.S. Navy nuclear submarines prior to their port entrance. Once in port, submarines may be shifted to different berthing locations to allow them to better receive services they require or to make way for other shifted vessels. However, submarine berth shifting is expensive, labor inten- sive, and potentially hazardous. This article presents an optimization model for submarine berth planning and demonstrates it with Naval Submarine Base, San Diego. After a berthing plan has been approved and published, changed requests for services, delays, and early arrival of inbound submarines are routine events, requiring frequent revisions. To encourage trust in the planning process, the effect on the solution of revisions in the input is kept small by incorporating a persistence incentive in the optimization model. q 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 301 - 318, 1997. Although the Cold War has ended, United States Navy submarines remain very capable and effective ships of war: A smaller number of submarines operated from fewer submarine bases will continue to play a significant role in national defense. The wise use of time and resources while submarines are in port will improve the state of readiness of a smaller fleet. While in port, a submarine completes preventive and corrective maintenance, replenishes stores, and conducts training and certification tests to maintain high material and personnel readiness. Ideally, a submarine in port should devote its time exclusively to these activities. However, submarines frequently spend time shifting berths. Some shifts are necessary and some are not. Services such as ordnance loading and the use of special maintenance equip- ment require that a submarine be moored at a specific location. During periodic maintenance upkeep, personnel from a submarine tender assist the submarine crew, and berthing near the tender is preferable. During training, inspection, and other periods, it is desirable to berth closer to shore, near squadron offices and training facilities. When conditions permit,
A risk bound for ensemble classification with a reject option

Signal classification is an important task in numerous application domains that is increasingly being approached through ensemble methods, such as those involving boosting and bootstrap aggregation. In decision support scenarios, it is often of interest for automatic classification algorithms to abstain from making decisions on the most uncertain signals; this is known as classification with a reject option. In this work, a bound on generalization error for ensemble classification with a reject option is derived that involves two intuitive properties of the ensemble: average strength and mean correlation. The bound is shown to be predictive of empirical classification behavior and useful in setting the rejection threshold for a given rejection cost.
In vitro time- and dose-effect response of JP-8 and S-8 jet fuel on alveolar type II epithelial cells of rats

This study was designed to characterize and compare the effects of jet propellant-8 (JP-8) fuel and synthetic-8 (S-8) on cell viability and nitric oxide synthesis in cultured alveolar type II epith...
Sensory and Secretory Catecholamine-Containing Cells Bordering the Third Ventricle of the Toad Brain

Recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated the presence of two discrete populations of unusual catecholamine-containing cells, one bordering the infundibular recess and the other bordering the preoptic recess, in the hypothalamus of the toad Bufo marinus (McKenna and Rosenbluth, 1971, 1974; McKenna et al., 1973). The cytological characteristics of the two cell types revealed by fluorescence histochemical, electron microscopic and Golgi impregnation methods indicate that neither cell can be categorized as a typical central adrenergic neuron. Instead one appears to be a receptor cell while the other may serve a secretory role.
Sexual Victimization and Somatic Complaints in Pregnancy: Examination of Depression as a Mediator.

PURPOSE: Research suggests that women with histories of sexual victimization are more likely to experience somatic complaints in pregnancy. However, prior studies have been limited by homogenous samples, have primarily only examined the relationship of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to somatic complaints, and have not examined potential mechanisms explaining this association. Thus, the current study examined the relationship between lifetime sexual victimization history and somatic complaints in pregnancy in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women. Additionally, depressive symptoms were examined as a mediator of the sexual victimization-somatic complaints relationship. PROCEDURES: Women were recruited from the waiting room of a university-affiliated obstetrics-gynecology clinic to complete a study of psychological health and negative sexual experiences. The 407 currently pregnant participants who completed measures of their sexual victimization history, depressive symptoms, and somatic complaints were primarily African American (53.6%), low to middle income (75.4%), and reported an unplanned pregnancy (72%). FINDINGS: A total of 27.7% of women had a history of CSA and/or adolescent/adult sexual assault. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping supported depression as a significant mediator of the relationship between sexual victimization and somatic complaints, with a medium-sized effect (κ(2) = .09). CONCLUSIONS: Having a history of sexual victimization is associated with risk for poor mental and physical health during pregnancy. There are likely multiple mechanisms explaining the association between sexual victimization and somatic complaints in pregnancy, which should be investigated in future research. Language: en
Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms A Review

The introduction of flow diverters for treatment of intracranial aneurysms represents a major paradigm shift in the treatment of these lesions. The theoretical hallmark of flow diverters is the treatment of the diseased segment harboring the aneurysm instead of treating the aneurysm itself. Flow diverters are designed to induce disruption of flow near the aneurysm neck while preserving flow into parent vessel and adjacent branches. After flow diversion, intra-aneurysmal thrombosis occurs, followed by shrinkage of the aneurysmal sac as the thrombus organizes and retracts. Preliminary clinical series document effective treatment of wide-neck and/or large and giant aneurysms with acceptable complication rates. However, several questions remain unanswered related to the incidence and mechanisms of aneurysm rupture after treatment with flow diverters, fate of small perforating vessels, and long-term patency rates.
Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sta7-10 Starchless Isoamylase Mutant and Increased Carbohydrate Synthesis in Complemented Strains

The accumulation of bioenergy carriers was assessed in two starchless mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (the sta6 [ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase] and sta7-10 [isoamylase] mutants), a control strain (CC124), and two complemented strains of the sta7-10 mutant. The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the sta6 and sta7-10 mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. However, this increased level of lipid accumulation is energetically insufficient to completely offset the loss of cellular starch that is synthesized by CC124 during nitrogen deprivation. We therefore investigated acetate utilization and O(2) evolution to obtain further insights into the physiological adjustments utilized by the two starchless mutants in the absence of starch synthesis. The results demonstrate that both starchless mutants metabolize less acetate and have more severely attenuated levels of photosynthetic O(2) evolution than CC124, indicating that a decrease in overall anabolic processes is a significant physiological response in the starchless mutants during nitrogen deprivation. Interestingly, two independent sta7-10:STA7 complemented strains exhibited significantly greater quantities of cellular starch and lipid than CC124 during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation. Moreover, the complemented strains synthesized significant quantities of starch even when cultured in nutrient-replete medium.
RSVP: a geometric toolkit for controlled repair of solid models

The paper presents a system and the associated algorithms for repairing the boundary representation of CAD models. Two types of errors are considered: topological errors, i.e., aggregate errors, like zero volume parts, duplicate or missing parts, inconsistent surface orientation, etc., and geometric errors, i.e., numerical imprecision errors, like cracks or overlaps of geometry. The output of our system describes a set of clean and consistent two-manifolds (possibly with boundaries) with derived adjacencies. Such solid representation enables the application of a variety of rendering and analysis algorithms, e.g., finite element analysis, radiosity computation, model simplification, and solid free form fabrication. The algorithms described were originally designed to correct errors in polygonal B-Reps. We also present an extension for spline surfaces. Central to our system is a procedure for inferring local adjacencies of edges. The geometric representation of topologically adjacent edges are merged to evolve a set of two-manifolds. Aggregate errors are discovered during the merging step. Unfortunately, there are many ambiguous situations where errors admit more than one valid solution. Our system proposes an object repairing process based on a set of user tunable heuristics. The system also allows the user to override the algorithm's decisions in a repair visualization step. In essence, this visualization step presents an organized and intuitive way for the user to explore the space of valid solutions and to select the correct one.
Platelet Inhibition With Ticagrelor for Left Ventricular Assist Device Thrombosis

Although considered standard therapy for Stage D heart failure since 2008, the continuous, axial flow HeartMate II (HMII) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has recently been associated with unexpected rise in rates of pump thrombosis.1 With an incidence of 0.01 to 0.11 events per patient-year, LVAD thrombosis responds to intensification of antithrombotic therapy with unfractionated heparin (UFH), dual antiplatelet therapy with or without thrombolytics or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in <50% of cases, and is associated with nearly 50% 6-month mortality.1 Therefore, surgical pump exchange or urgent transplantation remains the treatment of choice despite potential high risk and cost. Herein, we report the first successful experience using the potent P2Y12 ADP receptor inhibitor ticagrelor in addition to UFH and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) to treat LVAD thrombosis and avoid pump exchange in 4 patients with confirmed or suspected HMII thrombosis. With institutional Instituitional Review Board approval, we reviewed medical records of 4 consecutive patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at our institution with confirmed or suspected LVAD thrombosis. LVAD thrombosis was diagnosed in the presence of abrupt elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to >900 mg/dL without (suspected LVAD thrombosis) or with (confirmed LVAD thrombosis) 1 of the following: (1) abnormal LVAD flows or power surges, (2) clinical symptoms of heart failure, or (3) supporting echocardiographic ramp study. We determined antiplatelet activity using VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, with values >230 P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) indicating nonresponder status. Patients were treated clinically using standard doses of medications based on clinical preference. ### Patient 1 A 28-year-old black man had HMII implanted as destination therapy for nonischemic cardiomyopathy before 7 days. Postsurgical course was complicated by slowly increasing LDH with peak of 980 U/L, requiring maintenance of UFH in addition to ASA 325 mg daily, dipyridamole, later switched to clopidogrel. Because LDH remained …
Real-Number and Binary Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimizations: Aperiodic Antenna Array Designs

A classic engineering problem, the design of aperiodic antenna arrays, is revisited in this paper by applying real-number and binary MOPSO algorithms. The peak SLL and other design criteria such as the beamwidth and the element number are traded off to find the best design strategy. The effectiveness of the algorithms is validated by comparing the optimization results with conventional periodic arrays and existing methodologies such as the statistical density tapering
Racial Discrimination, Weakened School Bonds, and Problematic Behaviors Testing a Theory of African American Offending

Objectives:This article examines a core hypothesis of Unnever and Gabbidon’s theory that racial discrimination should diminish the ability of African American youths to build strong bonds with their school, which in turn should increase their likelihood of engaging in problematic behaviors over time. Their thesis further argues that these relationships should persist after controlling for affectional ties with parents and other covariates.Methods:This hypothesis is assessed using data from two cohorts included within the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, Longitudinal Cohort Study.Results:The results show that racial discrimination predicts changes in problematic behaviors from wave 1 to wave 3 and weakens the attachment that African American youths have with their teachers and their commitment to their education while controlling for affectional ties to parents and other covariates.Conclusions:The results lend support to Unnever and Gabbidon’s thesis that a holistic understanding of A...
Fear Not the Asset Protection Trust

This article addresses the rise and gradual diversification of state statutes permitting settlors to self-settle trusts that avoid claims by their own creditors (known generically as asset protection trusts). The article argues that, whatever the motives underlying their authorization, asset protection trusts are unobjectionable, and even potentially beneficial, as a matter of public policy, at least to the extent that they affect the rights of voluntary (contract) creditors. The same can be said of revocable asset protection trusts, a new type of vehicle permissible since 2004 under one state statute. On the other hand, statutory provisions shielding the corpus of an asset protection trust from the claims of involuntary creditors (tort claimants, alimony creditors, etc.) raise a different set of concerns and merit revision on policy grounds. Unless efforts to revise the relevant statutes are undertaken in a broader legal context, however, so that they encompass all sorts of asset protection strategies, those efforts would prove counter-productive. A second section of the article analyses the problem of asset protection trusts in a bankruptcy proceeding. Like other forms of spendthrift trust, asset protection trusts should remain impervious to creditors' claims in bankruptcy, but as a matter of discharge policy ought to be made subject to the new means test regulating eligibility for bankruptcy relief. Ensuring that this occurs in all cases will require tweaking the language of the Bankruptcy Code as revised in 2005.
But Who Will Teach Legal Reasoning and Synthesis

Would legal education be improved by integrating the first-year legal writing course with an upper-level clinical course? That was the core question posed to a diverse panel at the 2007 Annual Section Program on Legal Writing, Reasoning and Research. The basic idea is deceptively simple and attractive: first-year students would develop their analytic, research, and writing skills by working on live issues from real cases in a law school clinic. First-year students would benefit from seeing legal issues in full context, interacting with more advanced students and clinical faculty, and knowing that their law school colleagues and the clients were relying on them for timely, sound advice. The clinic's work could be advanced by having more research help, and upper-level students could improve their own planning and communication skills in the process of supervising the first-year students. Despite these apparent virtues, I'm not convinced an integration is a good idea, but it is a very provocative one. . . . In a nutshell, my concern about integration is the effect on students' legal reasoning skills.
Basic Science of Nuclear Medicine: The Bare Bone Essentials

K. H. Lee Reston, VA: Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2015, 374 pages, $96 Basic Science of Nuclear Medicine: The Bare Bone Essentials is a concise manual on nuclear physics, instrumentation, and radiation safety. This paperback publication contains 15 chapters and is printed
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF MOSSES IN TOLERANCE TO COPPER AND ZINC.

Bryophytes are often viewed as slowly evolving with little genetic variation within and among populations. A study of heavy-metal tolerance was initiated to test the capacity of bryophytes to undergo genetic differentiation in response to natural selection. Tolerance of Funaria hygrometrica to copper and zinc was greater in populations that originated on soil with high concentrations of these metals. Protonemal growth was more inhibited by the metals than was germination, and copper was more toxic than zinc. Zinc and copper tolerances were correlated, but so were the zinc and copper concentrations of native substrates. The pattern of population differentiation for heavy-metal tolerance in this species is much like that of flowering plants. Five populations of Physcomitrium pyriforme, which does not occur on metal-contaminated soil, were all highly tolerant of zinc but extremely intolerant of copper. This species seems to have an inherent tolerance to the former. Significant variation in tolerance to copper and zinc occurred among populations, but tolerance did not correlate with metal contents in native substrates. This pattern differs from that of flowering plants. Normal populations of species that colonize contaminated sites tended to be more tolerant than populations of species that do not colonize such sites. The extensive population differentiation in Funaria hygrometrica augments the evidence from electrophoretic data that there is genetic variation among populations of mosses and liverworts.
Segregation to an (A0/2)[11̄0] edge dislocation in Cu0.1Ni0.9

Atomistic simulations of segregation to a dissociated (a{sub 0}/2)[1{bar 1}] edge dislocation in the solid solution alloy Cu{sub 0.1}Ni{sub 0.9} have been performed. Segregation to the stacking fault between the partials is minimal. Results obtained with a general embedded atom method potential and one optimized for the Ni-Cu system differ significantly. Simulations employing the optimized potentials show significantly more Cu segregation to the dislocation cores than do simulations performed with the general potentials. When the general potentials are employed, the Cu concentration around the dislocation is well described using classical segregation isotherms based upon the stress distribution around the dislocation, except in the dislocation core region. Deviations from the theoretically predicted segregation profile around the dislocation core are largest along the slip plane. When the optimized potentials are used, the deviations from the predicted segregation behavior are significantly larger. The large deviations associated with the optimized potentials were traced to the inadequacy of describing the local heat of segregation in terms of the elastic work {sigma}{sub h}{Delta}V. This can be rectified by adding a term to the heat of segregation that explicitly includes the composition dependence. The failure of the classical segregation isotherm to describe the segregation behavior around amore » dislocation is associated with non-ideal alloy thermodynamics and the inadequacy of linear elasticity to appropriate describe the core region of the dislocation. The failure of the classical segregation isotherm within the core appears to result from the fact that the core atoms have different atomic coordination than those in the bulk material.« less
The efficacy of a relationship building intervention in 5th grade.

Abstract The present study reports initial efficacy data for a new school-based intervention – the Relationship Building Intervention (RBI) – that includes a series of teacher-facilitated, structured activities designed to promote positive peer relationships and inclusive classroom communities. The RBI was evaluated in fifth-grade classrooms by estimating multilevel model (MLM) analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) comparing 368 fifth-grade students in intervention classrooms with 259 fifth-graders in control classrooms on social behaviors, perceptions of classroom connectedness, and academic performance. Controlling for pretest scores, cohort, and demographic variables, findings revealed that students who participated in the RBI liked school more, felt a greater sense of classroom identification and inclusion, were perceived by teachers to be less aggressive, and performed better academically than students who were in control classrooms. Further, implementation data showed that students and teachers responded positively to the activities. These results suggest that the RBI is a promising approach for improving the social and learning environment in fifth-grade classrooms.
Trading off popularity for diversity in the results sets of keyword queries on linked data

Keyword search is the most popular technique for querying the ever growing repositories of RDF graph data on the Web. However, keyword queries are ambiguous. As a consequence, they typically produce on linked data a huge number of candidate results corresponding to a plethora of alternative query interpretations. Current approaches ignore the diversity of the result interpretations and might fail to satisfy the users who are looking for less popular results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for keyword search result diversification on RDF graphs. Our approach instead of diversifying the query results per se, diversifies the interpretations of the query (i.e., pattern graphs). We model the problem as an optimization problem aiming at selecting k pattern graphs which maximize an objective function balancing relevance and diversity. We devise metrics to assess the relevance and diversity of a set of pattern graphs, and we design a greedy heuristic algorithm to generate a relevant and diverse list of k pattern graphs for a given keyword query. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach and proposed metrics and also the efficiency of our algorithm.
Beer for "brohood": A laboratory simulation of masculinity confirmation through alcohol use behaviors in men

Though alcohol use is a widespread behavior, men tend to drink more and experience more alcohol-related negative consequences than do women. Research suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain ingroup status by engaging in behaviors prototypical of the ingroup when group status has been threatened, and that men are particularly likely to do this when masculine ingroup status is threatened. The present study investigated masculine drinking behaviors through a social lens, examining the impact of masculinity threat on alcohol consumption in a simulated bar laboratory. Sixty-five male students ages 21-29 years (Mage = 22.66; 74% White) consumed beer in a taste-test paradigm after being exposed to randomly assigned personality feedback relative to gender standards. This feedback suggested that they were either low in masculinity (threat condition, n = 22) or high in masculinity (control condition, n = 22). A third condition received the low-masculinity feedback and then were exposed to information to undermine masculine alcohol use norms (undermine condition, n = 21) to account for negative affect reduction motives for use. As hypothesized, individuals in the threat condition consumed significantly more alcohol than those in the control and undermine conditions, even though the threat and undermine conditions reported similar levels of negative affect following masculinity threat. These results suggest that consumption of alcohol by men in social contexts may be strongly motivated by the desire to confirm masculine status. This understanding may be used to enhance the effectiveness of alcohol use intervention protocols. (PsycINFO Database Record
Transgenic Mouse Models of CAG Trinucleotide Repeat Neurologic Diseases

During the past few years a new class of mutation has burst upon the human genetics scene, resulting in a rethinking of some basic principles of Mendelian genetics. This form of mutation, termed unstable trinucleotide repeats, is a dynamic mutation that is produced by heritable unstable DNA. For reasons not understood, these dynamic mutations seem to effect predominately genes whose function is critical for neuromuscular tissue. To date 12 diseases have been characterized as caused by the expansion of an unstable trinucleotide repeat.Among these are fragile XA (Kremer et al., 1991; Verkerk et al., 1991; Yu et al., 1991) and fragile XE (Knight et al., 1993) syndromes, myotonic dystrophy(Brook et al., 1992; Mahadevan et al., 1992), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) (LaSpada et al., 1991), Huntington disease (HD) (Huntington’s Disease Research Collaborative Group, 1993), Friedreich’s ataxia (Campuzano et al., 1996), dentatrubral—pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) (Koide et., 1994; Nagafuchi et al., 1994)/Haw River syndrome (Burke et al., 1994), and the spinocerebellar ataxias SCA1 (Orr et al., 1993), SCA2 (Imbert et al., 1996; Pulst et al., 1996; Sanpei et al., 1996), SCA3/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) (Kawaguchi et al., 1994), SCA6 (Zhuchenko et al., 1997), and SCA7 (Stevanin et al., 1996).
BioMuta and BioXpress: mutation and expression knowledgebases for cancer biomarker discovery

Single-nucleotide variation and gene expression of disease samples represent important resources for biomarker discovery. Many databases have been built to host and make available such data to the community, but these databases are frequently limited in scope and/or content. BioMuta, a database of cancer-associated single-nucleotide variations, and BioXpress, a database of cancer-associated differentially expressed genes and microRNAs, differ from other disease-associated variation and expression databases primarily through the aggregation of data across many studies into a single source with a unified representation and annotation of functional attributes. Early versions of these resources were initiated by pilot funding for specific research applications, but newly awarded funds have enabled hardening of these databases to production-level quality and will allow for sustained development of these resources for the next few years. Because both resources were developed using a similar methodology of integration, curation, unification, and annotation, we present BioMuta and BioXpress as allied databases that will facilitate a more comprehensive view of gene associations in cancer. BioMuta and BioXpress are hosted on the High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE) server at the George Washington University at https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/biomuta and https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/bioxpress, respectively.
Botanical Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pruritus: a Systematic Review

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used by patients who suffer from chronic pruritus, but there is little data on the efficacy or antipruritic mechanism of these interventions. This review assesses the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and purported mechanisms of CAM therapy for pruritic skin disease, and serves as a basis for further investigation into the pharmacological basis of plant-based CAM for pruritus and patient motivations in the adoption of these types of therapies. To assess the current state of the literature, we queried multiple databases for reports of botanical CAM therapies for pruritic skin conditions. Numerous in vitro and animal studies show positive results, but antipruritic effects in human trials are varied. Many of these topical and systemic therapies have demonstrated measurable impact on inflammatory pathways, including some that are known to be crucial in transmission of itch signaling. CAM is a frequently utilized but somewhat poorly understood intervention for chronic pruritus, though our understanding of the impact of these therapies on pruritus has improved in recent years. Further studies into the mechanism and efficacy of CAM-based therapies for chronic pruritus, and patient attitudes towards these practices, are warranted.
Inferring Private Demographics of New Users in Recommender Systems

With the growing number of wireless and mobile devices ingrained into our daily lives, more and more people are interacting with online services that adopt recommender systems to suggest movies, news and points of interest. The private demographics of users such as age and gender in online recommender systems are very useful for many applications such as personalized ads, social study and marketing. However, users do not always provide details in their online profiles due to privacy concern. Most existing approaches can infer user private attributes based on sufficient interaction history but could fail for new users with few ratings. In this paper, we present a novel preference elicitation method, with which a recommender system asks cold-start users to rate selected items adaptively and infer the demographics rapidly via a few interactions. Specifically, latent user profiles are learned across the tasks of demographic inference and rating prediction simultaneously, which enables knowledge transfer through the two related tasks and improves the prediction accuracy for both tasks. The proposed method can also facilitate the understanding of the tradeoff between user privacy and the utility of personalization. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of the accuracy of both demographics inference and rating prediction.
An Integrative Model for E-Mentoring Christian Education Students

This article describes an exploratory study of synchronous and asynchronous mentoring of Christian education students at Dallas Baptist University. In recent years, as the practice of faculty mento...
Beyond Ability to Pay: Procedural Justice and Offender Compliance With Restitution Orders:

Restitution to victims is rarely paid in full. One reason for low rates of payments is that offenders lack financial resources. Beyond ability to pay, however, we argue that fair treatment has implications for offender behavior. This study, a survey of probationers who owed restitution, investigated the links between (a) ability to pay, (b) beliefs about restitution and the criminal justice system, and (c) restitution payment, both the amount paid and number of payments. Results indicate that perceived fair treatment by probation staff-those most directly involved with the collection of restitution payments-was significantly associated with greater payment, net of past payment behavior, intention to pay, and ability to pay. Because restitution has potentially rehabilitative aspects if offenders pay more of the court-ordered amount and if they make regular monthly payments, how fairly probation staff treat probationers has implications for both victims and for the criminal justice system.
Investment specific technology, news, sentiment, and fluctuations: Evidence from nowcast data

Abstract Investment specific technology is an important driver of the U.S. business cycles. In this paper, I employ nowcast data and the forecast error variance decomposition method to empirically assess the role of investment specific technology surprise shocks, news shocks and sentiment shocks separately. The surprise shock represents unanticipated innovations to the technology; the news shock captures the (correct) expectation of future technological changes; the sentiment shock is orthogonal to the identified surprise and news shocks, which maximizes the short run forecast error variance of nowcast of investment. The results suggest that the sentiment shock accounts for a substantial portion of fluctuations in output and investment in the short run. In the medium run, the news shock is increasingly important. The surprise innovation plays a very small role in the explanation of economic dynamics. These findings underline the empirical contribution of investment specific news and sentiment shocks to business cycle fluctuations.