cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Type A Personality and Task Labels (Work vs. Leisure) on Task Preference.

The present study examined individuals' task preference in a free-choice period as a function of Type A personality and task labels. An identical anagram-solving task was labeled either as a work-r...
Using Technology Adoption Theory and a Lifespan Approach to Develop a Theoretical Framework for eHealth Literacy: Extending UTAUT

Advancements in health information technology (HealthIT) and the electronic exchanges of health information have "revolutionized" health systems in the US. However, adopting technological developments into the healthcare system has the potential to benefit populations with more resources, further exacerbating health status disparities. Efficacious utilization of HealthIT requires eHealth literacy. Although eHealth literacy is comprised of six factors, new research indicates that the components related to technology literacy may be more impactful in eHealth literacy among certain populations (e.g., older populations who shoulder a greater illness-management burden). Recognizing the importance of technology literacy in eHealth literacy across the lifespan, we investigate generational differences in New Communication Technology (NCT) use and eHealth literacy, especially considering how NCT adoption theory might systematically inform scholars' understanding of eHealth literacy. Participants included 525 adults primarily in the Midwestern United States. We found significant differences between generational groups across all variables. We found that UTAUT determinants such as performance expectancy and effort expectancy explained 38% of the variance in eHealth literacy, controlling for age, sex, level of education, and prior online health information seeking. Finally, we engaged with early critiques of UTAUT, finding that when applying UTAUT in voluntary (vs. mandatory) contexts, scholars should reconsider variables previously dismissed, such as attitude. In doing this, we extend UTAUT in three ways: new contexts (voluntary NCT adoption), endogenous theoretical mechanisms (eHealth literacy), and exogenous variables (attitude; lifespan). These findings underscore a need for a targeted approach to improve eHealth literacy and health self-management across generations.
Recruiting Community Volunteers for Student-Conducted Interviews

The authors describe a strategy to recruit volunteer patients to participate in training interviews with beginning medical students. The strategy relies primarily on community organizations and self-help groups. The authors discuss methods to contact organizations, identify appropriate volunteers, and coordinate the interview appointments, and effects of the program on students and the volunteers.
Differing Impact of Weight Cycling on Ambulatory Blood Pressure versus Conventional Blood Pressure Assessment: A Possible Explanation to Controversy.

Background Weight cycling (WC) is a widespread behavior associated with elevated laboratory blood pressure (BP). The impact WC may have on ambulatory BP (ABP) is unknown. Methods Impact of self-reported WC history on ABP was assessed via cross-sectional nonexperimental design. Sixty-five women completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) questionnaire. The WALI has been shown to be a reliable index of WC (r=0.87, P<0.001). Data were analyzed looking at WC both as a continuous and criterion variable, and subjects were dichotomized as either WC or non-WC (NWC). Results WC (n=31) were older (39.7±8.9 vs. 33.1±11.3 years), had a higher percent body fat (47.1%±6.2% vs. 41.4%±7.8%), and were less fit (21.2±5.4 vs. 26.7±7.6 mL/kg/min) than NWC (n=34). No significant correlation between laboratory systolic BP (SBP, P=0.830) or diastolic BP (DBP, P=0.997) and WC was observed. A significant correlation between the number of WC and systolic ABP (r=0.326, P=0.010) and trend for diastolic ABP (r=0.238, P=0.065) was found. SBP (23% vs. 17%, P<0.001) and DBP (13% vs. 9%, P<0.001) load was higher for WC compared to NWC women. Conclusion WC may deleteriously affect BP outcomes that might only be observed when ABP monitoring is used.
Emission Risetimes in Picosecond Spectroscopy

It is a common belief in picosecond spectroscopy that the measurement of a risetime in an emission experiment provides information about a rate of transfer of energy or excitation. That this is not always true is easily seen. Suppose, for example, that the rate of irreversible transfer from D*→A is reasonably fast for near neighbors, but is very slow for non-near neighbors. If D* species are prepared from D by a picosecond light pulse, those close to A will transfer, leaving only those D* that are far from A. If D* diffusion is very slow compared with the lifetime of D*, the experiment is essentially complete after this first fluorish of transfer. The emission risetime, but low yield, will indeed provide a measure, averaged over near-neighbor distances and orientations, of the transfer. On the other hand, if the diffusion of D* is fast compared with the decay of D*, then the system conditions are continually “repaired” after each transfer, and the rise of A* reflects only the decay of A* or of D*, whichever is faster. If D* decays faster than A* and its lifetime is dependent totally on the transfer dynamics, then again information about the transfer can be obtained from measurements on the rise- time of A*. However, simply because the risetime of A* matches the falltime of D* does not mean that one is measuring a transfer rate. If diffusion is fast enough and the lifetime of D* is less than that of A*, then the rise- time of A* must equal the decay time of D*, whatever the cause of the D* decay.
Falls in Skilled-Nursing Facilities (SNF) and Long-Term-Care (LTC) facilities

Date Presented 04/05/19 The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of falls in Skilled-Nursing (SNF) and Long-Term Care (LTC) facilities. Data was acquired via fall reports and staff surveys in four facilities. Staff perceived that most falls occurred due to general weakness (96%) and between 8 pm and 8 am (52%). Fall reports indicated that most falls occurred due to unsafe transfers (58%) and the majority occurred between 8 pm and 8 am (42%). This study provides a basis for the development of fall-prevention programs. Primary Author and Speaker: Patti Calk Additional Authors and Speakers: Whitney Francis, Jonann Arrant, Mary Doss Contributing Authors: Linda Jones
A preliminary investigation on the effects of abiotic environmental factors on supplemental feeding behavior in wintering bird communities

Birds are endotherms with a unique thermoneutral zone, a temperature range where metabolic requirements are relatively consistent but increase dramatically when temperatures fall below the lower threshold. As the popularity of human-supplied bird feeders increases, so too does the need for a greater understanding of the effects of abiotic factors on the feeding behavior of wintering birds at these supplemental food sources. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the level of bird activity at supplementary feeding stations increased with decreasing temperature to compensate for the increase in metabolic activity. To evaluate this, bird feeders were weighed at a supplementary feeding station over a period of six weeks and the level of bird activity was observed for an allotted time. To determine whether the trend in temperature and other abiotic factors was significant, a linear regression analysis was utilized for various measures of bird activity. There was no significant trend between temperature and bird activity. Two measures of bird activity and wind did show a significant positive correlation, however. It was concluded that the main reason the study did not demonstrate data supporting previous literature and the posited hypothesis was due to the lack of extremely low temperature days. The mild temperatures throughout the study failed to fall below the lower threshold, which did not necessitate an increase in feeding behavior to compensate for thermoregulation.
Racial Bias: A Buried Cornerstone of the Administrative State:

Historians of American public administration have largely perpetuated its self-image of neutrality and scientific detachment. Yet public agencies are shaped by their political and cultural environm...
Rallying Against Racism: Hospitals Join the Fight for Racial Justice

This article highlights the timely situation that resident physicians, faculty, and staff are facing after the recent highly publicized murders of Black Americans and its impact on our healthcare communities. We discuss our experiences of how the hospital can serve as a meeting place for anti-racism, as well as how anti-racist events at the hospital can raise public consciousness and be catalysts for creating a more inclusive, diverse, and welcoming environment for all members of hospital communities.
Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Management and First Response: Accounting for Race and Gender in Codes of Ethics in the United States

Disparities in outcomes are evident in emergency management interactions, in acute circumstances, like hurricanes or natural disasters, or routine interactions involving first responders, such as t...
ToDI: A Taxonomy of Derived Indices

Advancements in digital technology have eased the process of gathering, generating, and altering digital data at large scale. The sheer scale of the data necessitates the development and use of smaller secondary data structured as ‘indices,’ which are typically used to locate desired subsets of the original data, thereby speeding up data referencing and retrieval operations. Many variants of such indices exist in today’s database systems, and the subject of their design is well investigated by computer scientists. However, indices are examples of data derived from existing data; and the implications of such derived indices, as well as indices derived from other indices, pose problems that require careful ethical analysis. But before being able to thoroughly discuss the full nature of such problems, let alone analyze their ethical implications, an appropriate and complete vocabulary in the form of a robust taxonomy for defining and describing the myriad variations of derived indices and their nuances is needed. This paper therefore introduces a novel taxonomy of derived indices that can be used to identify, characterise, and differentiate derived indices.
Integration and comparison of multi-omics profiles of NGLY1 deficiency plasma and cellular models to identify clinically relevant molecular phenotypes

NGLY1 (N-glycanase 1) deficiency is a rare congenital recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the NGLY1 gene, which encodes the cytosol enzyme N-glycanase 1. The NGLY1 protein catalyzes the first step in protein deglycosylation, a process prerequisite for the cytosolic degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. By performing and combining metabolomics and proteomics profiles, we showed that NGLY1 deficiency induced the activation of immune response, disturbed lipid metabolism, biogenic amine synthesis and glutathione metabolism. The discovery was further validated by profiling of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which serve as a personalized cellular model of the disease. This study provides new insights into the NGLY1 deficiency pathology and demonstrates that the upregulation of immune response and downregulation of lipid metabolism appear to be important molecular phenotypes of NGLY1 deficiency, together with the dysregulation of amino acid metabolism, biogenic amine synthesis and diverse signaling pathways, likely causing broad downstream syndromes. Collectively, such valuable multi-omics profiles identified broad molecular associations of potential pathological mechanisms during the onset of NGLY1 deficiency and suggested potential therapeutic targets for researchers and clinicians.
Chapter 8 – Management of the comatose patient

Coma has many causes but there are a few urgent ones in clinical practice. Management must start with establishing the cause and an attempt to reverse or attenuate some of the damage. This may include early neurosurgical intervention, efforts to reduce brain tissue shift and raised intracranial pressure, correction of markedly abnormal laboratory abnormalities, and administration of available antidotes. Supporting the patient's vital signs, susceptible to major fluctuations in a changing situation, remains the most crucial aspect of management. Management of the comatose patient is in an intensive care unit and neurointensivists are very often involved. This chapter summarizes the principles of caring for the comatose patient and everything a neurologist would need to know. The basic principles of neurologic assessment of the comatose patient have not changed, but better organization can be achieved by grouping comatose patients according to specific circumstances and findings on neuroimaging. Ongoing supportive care involves especially aggressive prevention of medical complications associated with mechanical ventilation and prolonged immobility. Waiting for recovery—and many do- is often all that is left. Neurorehabilitation of the comatose patient is underdeveloped and may not be effective. There are, as of yet, few proven options for neurostimulation in comatose patients.
Non-smooth Bayesian Optimization in Tuning Problems.

Building surrogate models is one common approach when we attempt to learn unknown black-box functions. Bayesian optimization provides a framework which allows us to build surrogate models based on sequential samples drawn from the function and find the optimum. Tuning algorithmic parameters to optimize the performance of large, complicated "black-box" application codes is a specific important application, which aims at finding the optima of black-box functions. Within the Bayesian optimization framework, the Gaussian process model produces smooth or continuous sample paths. However, the black-box function in the tuning problem is often non-smooth. This difficult tuning problem is worsened by the fact that we usually have limited sequential samples from the black-box function. Motivated by these issues encountered in tuning, we propose a novel additive Gaussian process model called clustered Gaussian process (cGP), where the additive components are induced by clustering. In the examples we studied, the performance can be improved by as much as 90% among repetitive experiments. By using this surrogate model, we want to capture the non-smoothness of the black-box function. In addition to an algorithm for constructing this model, we also apply the model to several artificial and real applications to evaluate it.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Based on Data Correlation for Distribution Network

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) has significant supporting effect on demand response. However, the mini-watt equipment, continuous operation equipment and variable state equipment have brought great difficulties to the identification accuracy. This paper proposes a method to identify load components based on the data correlation. This method is constructed via three steps: first, a physical electrical constraints model is applied to abstract the relationship between load customers and distribution network; second, a stepwise method with cross validation is used to select the most relevant features; and third, the load components are explained by the characteristics model and solved by combinatorial optimization method. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparison against the NILMTK algorithms through detailed simulations over high frequency engineering data.
Spatial and sociodemographic determinants of community loudness perception

Abstract Urban noise is an increasingly important public health concern, but few studies have characterized drivers of community loudness perception rather than objective measures of sound, which may be an important element of the associated health effects. In this study, we used survey responses from the 2015–2016 Greater Boston Neighborhood Noise Survey (n = 898) to determine the key geospatial determinants of community loudness perception at both the street and neighborhood level. We gathered numerous land use and sociodemographic covariates and used an elastic net selection approach to determine the subset to include in final prediction models. Individual noise sensitivity and proximity to bus stops (
Uses and abuses of radiation therapy in obstetrics and gynecology

Abstract In conclusion, we may say that radiation therapy is very often a blessing, but it may also be a curse. Its use must be guided by clinical discretion and extensive knowledge of neoplastic and benign disease processes. The enthusiasm of radiation specialists is essential to the development of the art of radiation therapy; however, the application must be held within the bounds deemed suitable by conservative clinicians whose experience and long range point of view, in consultation with the radiologist, should dictate its use and decide upon appropriate application. In addition, let us again emphasize that the mere treatment of well-established or hopeless malignant processes by radiation and all other means is but to beg the question as far as the responsibilities and capabilities of the profession are concerned. Great advances will be realized when there is such a thorough and capable application of the prophylactic idea that we shall have the problem of treating genital cancer in its incipiency rather than in its advanced stages. Such a program is not premature or in the least an unbridled phantasy; all that is lacking is a full appreciation by the profession of the simple methods by which such a program may be realized, and the zeal necessary for their appreciation.
The influence of reverberation on multichannel equalization: an experimental comparison between methods

Room equalization is important for delivering high-quality audio in multiple listener environments and for improving speech recognition rates. Lower order equalization filters can be designed at perceptually relevant frequencies through warping. However, one of the major factors that affects multi-channel equalization performance is the reverberation of the room. In this paper, we compare the equalization performance of our method (S. Bharitkar et al., Nov. 2002) to the industry standard root-mean-square (RMS) method, through the image method. It is shown that our method outperforms the RMS method in terms of maintaining a lower spectral deviation, across multiple listener positions, when the reverberation time is increased.
A Review Of: “Freaks Talk Back: Tabloid Talk Shows and Sexual Nonconformity”, “The Money Shot: Trash, Class, and the Making of TV Talk Shows” and “Talking Trash: The Cultural Politics of Daytime TV Talk Shows”

Freaks Talk Back: Tabloid Talk Shows and Sexual Nonconformity, by Joshua Gamson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 288 pp. $22 cloth, $18 paper The Money Shot: Trash, Class, and the Makin...
The Classroom Systems Observation Scale: Development of an instrument to assess classrooms using a systems perspective

This study describes the development of the Classroom Systems Observation Scale (CSOS) (Fish & Dane, 1992) and reports initial reliability and validity data. The CSOS assesses preschool through sixth grade classroom functioning from a systems perspective using a theoretical framework based on the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson, Russell & Sprenkle, 1989). The CSOS is theoretically derived, has acceptable interobserver agreement, fair to moderate stability, and is comprised of factors consistent with conceptual components. The design of the CSOS represents a theoretical shift by changing the focus of observation from the individual child to the classroom system. The CSOS can be used in research and holds promise for clinical applications.
Effect of conductive impurities on electrical conductivity in polycrystalline olivine

[1] Bulk electrical conductivity and impedance spectroscopy of single crystal and polycrystalline San Carlos olivine with carbon or iron sulfide impurities on grain boundaries were measured at 1GPa and 350°C–1200°C in a piston cylinder apparatus. The addition of 0.1 wt% (∼0.16 vol%) C causes series-type grain boundary impedance in the samples that slightly decreases the bulk conductivity of the system. In contrast, the addition of 1.0 vol% sulfide results in conductivity much higher than plain olivine, but still lower than that of a fully interconnected sulfide phase. The sulfide is partially connected on the grain boundaries and edges and has reached the electrical percolation threshold. The effect adding sulfide is similar to the effect of adding 0.01%–0.1% H to olivine. It may not always be necessary to have hydrogen or connected melt or fluid to account for anomalously high conductivity in some parts of the mantle or crust.
The effect of task characteristics on intended and actual utilization of emerging technologies

An examination is given of the effect of task characteristics on the utilization of emerging technologies in organizations. Utilization measures were developed as a way to capture certain behavioral characteristics of effectiveness. An instrument, founded on existing conceptual and empirical literature, was created to measure and compare intended and actual utilization patterns of users of emerging technologies. The utilization measures were rigorously tested for statistical reliability and validity. It was found that intended utilization patterns differed significantly from actual utilization patterns along several task characteristics. From the data, it is recommended that managers struggling with the allocation of corporate resources assess both intended and actual utilization patterns over a continuous time period in order to identify areas where the two patterns diverge. This will allow managers to get a better handle on problem areas. >
Determination of Fluorine in Biological Materials: Reaction Paper

Although the fluorine in human tissues may exist in both inorganic and organic (covalently bound) forms, the inorganic fraction is clearly the most relevant for assessing human exposure to, and utilization of, environmental fluoride. There is now general agreement that the inorganic fraction of total tissue fluorine can be accurately determined by a variety of analytical techniques. One of the basic questions considered at this workshop is whether the analysis of a specific tissue or body fluid can provide an estimate of how much of the fluoride to which an individual is exposed actually enters and accumulates in the body. The analysis of hair and nails has been used as an indicator of exposure and utilization for several trace elements, including fluoride. Due to methodological uncertainties regarding sampling and pre-analysis treatment, however, it is presently not possible clearly to distinguish fluoride which is incorporated into hair and nails during formation (endogenous) from that which becomes associated with the tissues following exposure to the environment (exogenous). Consequently, although the fluoride content of hair and nails is clearly increased by environmental exposure to fluoride, the conclusion that these tissues are suitable indicators of fluoride utilization and accumulation in the body is premature.
Human-Robot Interaction Design: Understanding User Needs and Requirements

Goal-Directed Task Analysis is being applied to assessing the needs and requirements for developing novel techniques and tools to permit a small number of humans to supervise large robotic teams. The paper presents a preliminary overall goal hierarchy as well as a preliminary communication goal hierarchy based upon the initial analysis. This research involves working directly with the Nashville Metro Police department's Bomb Squad and the Nashville Metro Fire Department's HAZMAT team. The focus is the assessment of actual user needs and requirements employing well-defined user centered design practices in combination with Goal-Directed Task Analysis. The resulting Goal- Decision-SA structure will be employed to develop potential human-robot interaction designs for further qualitative and qualitative evaluation. The objective is to successfully integrate robots into the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive device search and rescue tasks such that the robots complement and augment the c...
Contrasting Approaches in Marital Counseling

My Aim in this paper is to look at the therapist-marital couple relationship as a social system, and from this perspective to outline some aspects of the difference between treating a husband or wife as an individual patient and treating them together as a marital couple. I will try to differentiate individual treatment and treatment of the marital pair on two dimensions: their respective use as sources of data about the marital relationship, for both therapy and research, and their potentialities for changing the marital interaction.
New eigensolvers for large-scale nanoscience simulations

We present results for applications to nanosystems of state-of-the-art iterative eigensolvers based on conjugate gradients and variants of Davidson in the context of semi-empirical plane wave electronic structure calculations. We are concerned with the computation of electronic and optical properties of nanosystems using the Energy SCAN method to compute interior eigenstates around the band gap that determine their properties. Numerically, this interior Hermitian eigenvalue problem poses several challenges, with respect to both accuracy and efficiency. All the iterative eigensolvers are seeking the minimal eigenvalues of the folded operator with reference shift in the band-gap. The tested methods include standard conjugate-gradient (CG)-based Rayleigh quotient minimization, Locally optimal block-preconditioned CG (LOBPCG) and two variants of the (Jacobi-)Davidson method: JDQMR and GD+1. Our experimental results indicated that Davidson-type methods are often the fastest.
The impact of off-road vehicles on a desert ecosystem

The effects of operating a 4-wheel drive truck in a 9-ha area of the Mojave Desert were evaluated. A truck was driven over the same 0.9-km track 21 times between November 1973 and May 1974. The vehicle was also driven randomly around the area (1.3 to 3.4 km) 17 times between December 1973 and May 1974.
Conceptual issues in the definition of death: a guide for public policy.

Current medical and legal literature generally favors a definition of death based on total cessation of brain functioning. It does not, however, supply the reasoning for this recommendation. None of the arguments for whole-brain death is convincing; there exists, however, a satisfactory rationale for identifying death with cortical death. Policymakers should refrain from endorsing any of these arguments, focussing instead on the pragmatic tasks involved in guiding medical care at the end of life.
Tensile fatigue behavior of tapered glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites containing nanoclay

Abstract Tensile fatigue behavior of tapered glass/epoxy laminates is investigated. The effect of nanoclay addition into the epoxy resin is examined. It is shown that the relative orientation between the adjacent belt layer and the cut layer has important influence on the fatigue life. The fatigue crack starts at the resin pocket and propagates along the interface between the belt layer and the core layer in the thicker section of the laminate. Crack propagation is mainly due to mode II crack failure. The addition of the clays enhances the resistance against this mode II crack propagation, and thus prolongs the fatigue life of the laminate.
Calciuretic response to protein loading in burn patients

Abstract The effect of dietary protein on calcium excretion has been evaluated in 6 patients with major burns. A marked calciuresis was noted when patients received more than 150g protein per day while urinary calciums approaching normal levels were noted when protein intake was less than 150 g. Excessive calcium mobilization and excretion secondary to protein loading may account for heterotopic calcium deposits and renal stones frequently seen in burn patients. Although the mechanism is not clearly defined, a primary alteration in calcium transport by the kidney seems likely.
Phytoglycogen octenyl succinate, an amphiphilic carbohydrate nanoparticle, and ε-polylysine to improve lipid oxidative stability of emulsions.

Phytoglycogen octenyl succinate (PG-OS) and e-polylysine (EPL) were used to form oil-in-water emulsions with enhanced lipid oxidative stability. PG-OS is an amphiphilic carbohydrate nanoparticle prepared using octenyl succinate (OS) substitution of phytoglycogen (PG). PG-OS had a dispersed molecular density nearly 20 times that of waxy corn starch octenyl succinate (WCS-OS). Fish oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using PG-OS, WCS-OS, and Tween 20, stored at 55 °C for 6 days, and monitored for the accumulation of hydroperoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The result indicated that PG-OS may lead to high lipid oxidative stability, and that the addition of EPL may further improve the oxidative stability of emulsions. To address the interaction between PG-OS and EPL, zeta-potential was determined for various systems. The results indicated a possible formation of an interfacial complex layer comprising both PG-OS and EPL. This complex layer may provide both physical and electrostatic barriers against pro-oxidative compounds.
Southern Agromedicine Consortium.

The Southern Agro-medicine Consortium is an affiliation of agricultural and health professional who have organized to share their resources for the promotion of agricultural medicine in their states and the region. The purpose, history, bylaws and future of the consortium are discussed.
Sex differences in the relationship between white matter microstructure and impulsivity in adolescents

Rapid maturational brain changes occur during adolescence--a time associated with risk-taking behaviors and improvements in cognition. The present study examined the relationship between white matter (WM) microstructure, impulsive behavior and response inhibition in female and male adolescents. Twenty-one healthy adolescents underwent diffusion tensor imaging using a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging system. Impulse control was assessed using the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, Youth Version. Response inhibition was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were determined from voxels manually placed in the midline and in the left and right forward-projecting arms of the genu and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Sex-specific differences were observed for the relationship between FA and impulsive behavior in the right anterior callosum for males and in the splenium for females. Males, compared to females, displayed significantly higher FA in the left WM region. Although trace was not associated with impulse control, trace in the genu (for females) and splenium (males and females) was associated with Stroop performance. Regional differences in trace also were evident, with lower values in the splenium observed than in all other regions. Although the latter significantly improved with age, no sex differences in impulse control or in Stroop performance were detected. The present findings provide supporting evidence for sex-related differences in the development of WM microstructure during adolescence. These data further suggest a neurobiological mechanism underlying some of the emotional and cognitive changes commonly observed in males versus females during the adolescent period.
Indications for Carotid Endarterectomy: Surgeons vs Neurologists

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the authors' geographic area and compare responses of vascular surgeons and neurologists. Results were also compared with the recommendations of the Rand panel.Vascular surgeons and neurologists agreed that multiple transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in patients receiving medical treatment and in those with crescendo ischemic attacks were appropriate indications for endarterectomy. However, surgeons favored CEA significantly more (p < 0.0001) than neurologists for other symptomatic patients. No agreement could be found between surgeons and neurologists for endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic carotid disease.Although a national panel of experts has identified appropriate indications for CEA, the authors' medical community (Eastern Pennsylvania) has significant variations when responses of vascular surgeons and neurologists are compared. Therefore, patient treatment depends mainly on the referral patterns of...
Colorectal Surgery in Lynch Syndrome Patients: When and How?

Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited colorectal cancer susceptibility syndrome and accounts for approximately 3 % of all colorectal cancers. Clinical assessment and a detailed family history are crucial in identifying patients who need further evaluation via genetic counseling and testing. Discovery of the underlying causative germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes has allowed more accurate colorectal and extracolonic cancer risk assignment. Once diagnosed, intensive surveillance via colonoscopy and timely interventions such as polypectomy reduce colorectal cancer development and mortality from it. If colorectal cancer develops within a Lynch syndrome patient, extended surgical resection is recommended based on high metachronous colorectal cancer risk. Extended resections can be achieved without significant decreases in quality of life. Heightened clinical awareness is needed to promote appropriate diagnosis and management.
Islamic Revival as Development: Discourses on Islam, Modernity, and Democracy since the 1950s

The article argues that Islamic Revival can be read as the Muslim thinkers' and activists' critique of, and engagement with modernity. It further makes a case for multiple modernities and multiple Islamic discourses which have marked the last six decades of Muslim activism. Islamic Revival has gone through three distinct periods during this time. In each of these periods, the Revivalists have engaged in conversation with modernity, which manifests the co-constitutive nature of both Islamic Revival and modernity. During these conversations, both of these phenomena have been re-constituted and re-shaped by each other. In the first period, the conversation put Islamic Revival amidst the debates on capitalism, communism, and political development in general, within the contexts of post-colonial liberation and the Cold War struggles. In the second, the emphasis was on democracy, economic development, and human rights. Finally, in the third period, which we are still witnessing, the focus of Islamic Revival's c...
A Polynomial Arc-Search Interior-Point Algorithm for Linear Programming

In this paper, ellipsoidal estimations are used to track the central path of linear programming. A higher-order interior-point algorithm is devised to search the optimizers along the ellipse. The algorithm is proved to be polynomial with the best complexity bound for all polynomial algorithms and better than the best known bound for higher-order algorithms.
On some larger turbellarian worms (Platyhelminthes) living in temporary fresh waters of Southern New England

During a survey of temporary fresh waters in Hampshire and Franklin Counties, Massachusetts, in 1988, 1989, and 1990, 10 species of larger turbellarian flatworms were collected. Two species of Lecithoepitheliata, Prorhynchus stagnalis and Geocentrophora applanata, are recorded for the first time from southern New England. The triclad species Hymanella retenouva and Phagocata velata are widespread in the region. Bothrioplana semperi, a proseriate poorly known in North America, was recorded and examination of its anatomy revealed no differences from populations found elsewhere. The less well known neorhabdocoel families Dalyellidae and Typhloplanidae are represented by one and four species, respectively. Expanded descriptions of three species of Typhloplanidae, Bothromesostoma macroprostatum, Mesostoma columbianum, and M. curvipenis, all unknown since their original descriptions, are provided.
An examination of differences in variables maintaining smoking behavior in adult smokers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke cigarettes at higher rates and have greater difficulty quitting than their non-diagnosed peers. This study examined differences between smokers with and without ADHD on a range of smoking-related variables. Twenty-two subjects with ADHD and 22 controls completed self-report measures of withdrawal symptoms, smoking motivation, sensory experience of smoking, and positive and negative affect. Compared to control smokers, smokers with ADHD reported greater craving and negative affect; perceived smoking as providing greater enhancement of concentration and alertness, as more calming, and as providing a greater decrease in irritability; found cigarette puffs to be more enjoyable and satisfying; and rated smoking as providing greater positive and negative reinforcement and greater cognitive enhancement. Women with ADHD reported the greatest effects of smoking on improving concentration and reducing irritability. Findings support the hypothesi...
Reporting of randomized clinical trial descriptors and use of structured abstracts.

Context.—Structured abstracts, that is, abstracts that describe a study using requisite content headings, provide more informative content. Concomitant reporting in the text of the report might improve with structured abstract use because of increased awareness by authors or editors of important study areas associated with content headings.Objective.—To assess whether structured abstract use is associated with improved reporting of randomized clinical trials.Design and Setting.—Survey of trial reports published the year preceding, of, and following new use of structured abstracts, found by hand searching Archives of Ophthalmology (1992-1994) and Ophthalmology (1991-1993), as well as trial reports published concurrently without change in abstract format (American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1991-1994).Main Outcome Measures.—We measured the inclusion of 56 criteria derived from Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) descriptors (JAMA 1996;276:637-639) in the text of each report and calculated the number of criteria included per report and the proportion of reports including individual criteria. Reports with structured abstracts were compared with those without, and reports published in 1993 and 1994 in the American Journal of Ophthalmology were compared with those published in 1991 and 1992.Results.—The mean (SEM) number of criteria included by authors was 15.8 (0.4) per report in 125 trial reports. We found no difference in the mean number of criteria included or the proportion of reports that included specific criteria by journal. Following structured abstract use, there was no difference in either the mean number of criteria per report or the proportion of reports including a majority of criteria within each CONSORT subheading. Four criteria were included more often and 2 less often following structured abstract use in individual journals.Conclusion.—Using CONSORT descriptor criteria to evaluate reporting quality, we found no difference in text reporting associated with structured abstract use in the journals examined.
Coriolis coupling effects in time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations of ion-atom collisions

Effects on the collision dynamics due to the inclusion of the Coriolis term in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock Hamiltonian are investigated for the ${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$ + He colliding system both at low and high incident energies. Whereas at low energies these effects are perturbative, Coriolis terms produce drastic reductions in charge-exchange cross sections at high energies.
Shock-induced changes of Cai2+ and Vm in myocyte cultures and computer model: Dependence on the timing of shock application

Objectives: Responses of Ca i 2+ to electrical shocks are believed to be important in defibrillation but measurements of shock-induced Ca 2+ i changes during different phases of the action potential (AP) are lacking. The effects of shocks on Ca 2+ i and V m were investigated in geometrically defined cell cultures and in a computer model. Methods: Uniform-field shocks (E=10.4±0.9 V/cm) were applied 15-300 ms after AP upstroke in strands of cultured neonatal rat myocytes. Optical mapping was used to measure shock-induced Ca 2+ i and V m changes. A rat ionic model was used to elucidate ionic mechanisms of Ca 2+ i responses. Results: In experiments and simulations, shocks applied with short delays (15-40 ms) caused a transient decrease of Ca 2+ i at sites of both ΔV + m and ΔV - m . Simulations indicated that the Ca 2+ i decrease at ΔV + m sites was caused by reversed outward flow of L-type Ca 2+ current (I CaL ), while the Ca 2+ i decrease at ΔV - m sites was due to the NaCa exchanger (NCX). At intermediate delays (40-150 ms), shocks caused a Ca 2+ i decrease at sites of ΔV - m and an increase at sites of ΔV + m . Simulations indicated that the Ca 2+ i increase at ΔV + m sites was caused by transient reactivation of I CaL combined with a reverse-mode operation of NCX. Shocks applied at long delays (150-300 ms) caused a Ca 2+ i increase at ΔV + m and no change at ΔV - m sites. Conclusion: Effects of shocks on Ca 2+ i depend on the timing of shock application. Shocks applied during the early AP cause a transient Ca 2+ i decrease, while later in AP shocks induce a Ca 2+ i increase at sites of ΔV + m . Shock-induced Ca 2+ i changes in different AP phases are primarily determined by combination of I CaL and NCX.
Factors affecting L-glutaminase activity in soils

Abstract l -Glutaminase activity in soil profile samples decreased with sample depth. The relationship between l -glutaminase activity and organic C. using the pooled data (33 samples) from five soil profiles, was highly correlated ( r = 0.92 ∗∗ ). The soil properties that related to the amounts of l -glutaminasc activities in 25 surface soils included organic C ( r = 0.79 ∗∗ ) and total N (r = 0.76∗∗). There was no significant relationship between l -glulaminase activity and pH, percentage of clay or sand. There was, however, a significant correlation between l -glutaminase activity and amidase ( r = 0.82 ∗∗ ), urcase ( r = 0.78 ∗∗ ) and l -asparaginase ( r = 0.92 ∗∗ ) activities in the surface samples studied. Most of the 21 trace elements, 12 herbicides, two fungicides and two insecticides studied inhibited the activity of l -glutaminase, but the degree of inhibition varied among the soils. When the trace elements were compared by using 5 μmol−1 g−1 soil, the average inhibition of l -glutaminase in three soils showed that Ag(I), Hg(ll). Sn(ll), Cr(III), Ti(IV) and W(VI) were the most effective inhibitors (av > 25%). The other trace elements studied were less effective inhibitors (av. l -glutaminase activity in three soils ranged from 4% with Merpan to 19% with Malaspray.
The characterization of doped CeO2 electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to examine doped CeO 2 as a mixed-conducting electrode material for solid oxide fuel cells. Sintered oxide disks with a composition of Ce 0.9 M 0.1 O 2 (M=Co, Ni, and Mn) were used at 1000°C in two types of cell:Pt/Ce 0.9 M 0.1 O 2 /Pt and Ce 0.9 M 0.1 O 2 /9% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 /Pt. The impedance spectra for the cell containing two platinum electrodes exhibited three depressed semicircles, with the highest-frequency semicircle corresponding to the bulk oxide. Oxygen reduction on Ni- and Co-CeO 2 electrodes in air was studied as a function of voltage using the Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 cell. The spectra in this case exhibited two distinct semicircles, with the high-frequency relaxation being ascribed to O 2 reduction at the cathode and the other to mass transport of O 2 or O 2- .
Adding physiological realism to dynamic state variable models of parasitoid host feeding

The behavioural decisions of insect parasitoids have been the subject of dynamic state variable models, which explicitly incorporate the physiological state of the parasitoid, e.g. her age and ‘egg load’ (number of mature eggs). Such models have been most recently applied to parasitoid ‘host feeding’, the consumption of host body fluids or tissues by the adult female wasp. The models developed to date, and recent empirical work withAphytis melinus, have highlighted the importance of the physiology associated with host feeding to the behavioural decision whether to host feed or oviposit. Below, I develop a new dynamic state variable model which incorporates the physiological features associated with host feeding inAphytis. My intention is to make qualitative predictions about the effects of various physiological featues on host-feeding behaviour and to make quantitative predictions about the relationship between egg load and host feeding inAphytis.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Potentiometry at Gaas Algaas Heterojunctions

Note: Ibm Corp,Zurich Res Lab,Ch-8803 Ruschlikon,SwitzerlandF6211Times Cited:5Cited References Count:5 Reference LC-ARTICLE-1986-007doi:10.1016/0749-6036(86)90108-4 Record created on 2006-08-21, modified on 2017-05-10
Carbon Foam Infused with Pentaglycerine for Thermal Energy Storage Applications

A thermal energy storage device that uses pentaglycerine as a phase change material was developed. This solid-state phase change material was embedded in a graphite foam thermal conduction enhancer. This device and another identically constructed device which uses a paraffin phase change material were tested by imposing an input flux of 6.0 W/cm 2 on one end. The opposite end was either insulated or actively cooled with an output flux that varied from 3.1 to 5.4 W/cm 2 . The resulting temperature distributions within the devices were recorded at five locations. This information was used to determine the specific energy storage capacity and the cycling performance of each device. It was found that the pentaglycerine/graphite foam combination is capable of a specific storage capacity of 67 J/g. It demonstrated a storage capacity that was greater than that of the paraffin/foam device, by eliminating the volume change and leakage problems associated with solid-liquid phase change materials. In addition, the pentaglycerine/graphite foam thermal energy storage behavior was not degraded by thermal cycling.
Allogeneic transfusion risks in the surgical patient

The risk of blood transfusion-associated complications has been reduced in the past 10 years through technical advances in testing of blood, viral inactivation of noncellular blood components, enforcement of stringent donor selection criteria, and the use of alternatives to allogeneic transfusion. Even so, a zero-risk blood supply is unfeasible. The general public perceives infectious complications to be the most significant risk: although the greatest fear is associated with transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), at least three hepatitis viruses are transmissible by all blood components. Human immunodeficiency virus accounts for < 20 cases per year of transfusion-related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States. The three important noninfectious complications are alloimmunization, which is common but clinically insignificant; immunosuppression, the clinical significance of which is controversial; and graft-versus-host disease, a lethal complication most likely to affect patients who are immunosuppressed, have cancer, or are recipients of bone marrow transplants.